維基百科 zh_yuewiki https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%89%88 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 Event Event talk 0 3059 2416392 2370200 2026-06-05T02:58:28Z ~2026-33281-61 338818 /* 香港 */ 2416392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[粵劇]]劇團一覽''' == 香港 == * [https://cantoneseoperaedu.wixsite.com/my-site 舒藝雅舍粵劇團]、太平劇團、[[萬年青劇團]]、[[覺先聲劇團]]、[[雛鳳鳴劇團]]、[[仙鳳鳴粵劇團]]、[[新東亞粵劇團]] * [[錦添花劇團]]、[[錦鳳屏劇團]]、[[國星粵劇團]]、[[錦麗華劇團]]、[[精英粵劇團]]、[[豐華粵劇團]]、[[鳴芝聲劇團]] * [[鳳和鳴劇團]] * [[龍嘉鳳劇團]]、[[龍騰燕劇團]]、[[龍嘉詠劇團]]、[[龍飛劇團]]、[[永光明劇團]]、[[香港青苗粵劇團]] * [[劍心粵劇團]] * [[慶鳳鳴劇團]]、[[劍新聲劇團]]、[[朗暉粵劇團]]、[[貫天劇團]]、[[千粵劇團]]、[[鳳求凰劇團]]、[[好兆年劇團]]、[[新群英劇團]]、[[錦陞輝劇團]]、[[日月星劇團]]、[[彩龍鳳劇團]]、[[心美粵劇團]]、[[鴻運劇團]]、[[纓華粵劇團]]、[[大群英劇團]]、[[麗晶粵劇團]]、[[玲瓏粵劇團]] * [[聾人粵劇團]] == 廣東 == * [[大羅天劇團]]、[[人壽年劇團]]、[[梨園樂劇團]]、[[新中華劇團]] * [[廣州粵劇團]]、[[廣州紅豆粵劇團]]、[[佛山市青年粵劇團]]、[[佛山市瓊花粵劇團]]、[[廣東吳川市粵劇團]]、[[珠海粵劇團]]、[[深圳粵劇團]]、[[湛江小孔雀粵劇團]]、[[肇慶市粵劇團]] * [[紅線女藝術中心]] == 澳門 == * [[澳門群聲曲藝會]] * [[澳門鳳聲粵劇曲藝促進會]] == 其他 == * [[新加坡丹戎巴葛民眾俱樂部粵劇團]] * [[新加坡八合會館]] * [[新加坡敦煌劇坊]] [[Category:粵劇]] [[Category:一覽]] [[Category:藝術團體]] 4m0buukridd2javd5ak896y0fjonwyh 0 5362 2416462 2105676 2026-06-05T04:57:06Z 周大福病毒 338821 /* 中國網絡審查目標嘅現實局限 */ 2416462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{譯|[[:zh:中華人民共和國網絡審查]]重有好多地方唔通順或者重係國語，唔啱廣東話文法}} {{Original research}} {{Refimprove|time=2022-08-10}} '''中華人民共和國網絡審查'''係指[[中華人民共和國]]政府用行政手段[[網絡內容審查|審查]][[互聯網]]內容。因範圍、力度同標準唔同絕大多數國家，所以產生爭議。 中國政府，同埋部分中國人，認為中國執法機關不過係審查網絡中有害信息，同限制違反中國「法律」嘅內容。但有好多人質疑佢哋嘅目的同標準，認為佢唔係為保護兒童同社會安全，而係為咗封鎖新聞言論，侵犯咗[[言論自由]]同基本[[人權]]，犯咗國家法律同埋國際法。 == 中國大陸網絡審查嘅背景 == 截至2004年底，[[中國]][[互聯網]]用戶有9400萬（第十五次中國互聯網絡發展狀況統計報告）。中國網民喺屋企上網嘅人數喺世界上嘅排名喺[[美國]]之後，排世界第二。中國人上網主要係閱讀信息、玩[[網上遊戲]]、網絡交流同交往、收寄[[電子郵件]]，利用網絡做生意嘅人數亦穩步增加緊。中國嘅互聯網用戶正以每月5%至6%嘅速度增長，大陸網民人數好快將達到人口嘅四分之一，或者微微超過2億5千萬人左右。有部分專家認為「對於個人通訊同特別係來自海外嘅信息，從建立互聯網嘅第一日起，[[中國大陸]]政府就開始咗網絡審查。」近年嚟，多部為互聯網制定嘅法律亦開始喺中國實行。 以互聯網同數碼技術為基礎嘅新媒體畀中國嘅發展帶來機會，但卻為當局嘅言論控制帶嚟挑戰，亦令中國共產黨呢個執政黨同埋中國政府嘅封閉式管理產生咗難題。 2005年4月，由哈佛法學院、劍橋大學同多倫多大學共同組建嘅「開放網絡促進會」（OpenNet Initiative）發表咗一份關於中國網絡封鎖嘅研究報告。報告稱：「中國嘅網絡過濾系統係全世界最發達嘅。比起其他有啲國家嘅類似系統，中國嘅網絡過濾範圍廣，手法細致，而且效果顯著。成個制度包括多層次嘅法律限制同技術控制，牽扯到眾多嘅國家機構，以及成千上萬嘅政府職員同企業員工。」 == 法律依據同規定 == 中國對網絡內容進行審查嘅原因同方式係多樣、多層次、跨部門嘅，對網絡嘅審查係從「互聯網接入服務提供者」到「各級人民政府及有關部門」嘅責任。中國對國內網站實行審查嘅具體法律依據請睇外部資料中法規一覽<ref>[[中國互聯網協會]]：[http://www.isc.org.cn/2005flfg/index.htm 有關行政法規、法規性文件] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928132916/http://www.isc.org.cn/2005flfg/index.htm#|date=2007年9月28號}}</ref>。 ;主要法律、法規、司法解釋 *《全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定》 *《互聯網信息服務管理辦法》 *《互聯網電子公告服務管理規定》 *《互聯網站從事登載新聞業務管理暫行規定》 *《互聯網出版管理暫行規定》 *《互聯網文化管理暫行規定》（2003年7月1號） *《關於網絡游戲發展和管理的若干意見》 *《互聯網IP地址備案管理辦法》（2005年3月20號） *《非經營性互聯網信息服務備案管理辦法》（2005年3月20號） *最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院關於辦理利用互聯網、移動通訊終端、聲訊台制作、複制、出版、販賣、傳播淫穢電子信息刑事案件具體應用法律若干問題的解釋 *《中國互聯網行業自律公約》（2002年4月24號） *《互聯網站禁止傳播淫穢、色情等不良信息自律規范》（2004年6月10號） *《中國互聯網網絡版權自律公約》 *《互聯網著作權行政保護辦法》（2005年5月30號） *《互聯網醫療衛生信息服務管理辦法》 *《互聯網葯品信息服務管理辦法》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網保密管理規定》（2000年1月1號） *《計算機信息系統安全保護條例》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網管理暫行規定》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》 *《互聯網上網服務營業場所管理條例》 *《關於互聯網中文域名管理的通告》 ;具體依據條款 *[[2000年]][[12月28號]][[中華人民共和國第九屆全國人民代表大會]]常務委員會第十九次會議通過嘅《全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定》第七條 {{quote|各級人民政府及有關部門要採取積極措施，在促進互聯網的應用和網絡技術的普及過程中，重視和支持對網絡安全技術的研究和開發，增強網絡的安全防護能力。有關主管部門要加強對互聯網的運行安全和信息安全的宣傳教育，依法實施有效的監督管理，防范和制止利用互聯網進行的各種違法活動，為互聯網的健康發展創造良好的社會環境。從事互聯網業務的單位要依法開展活動，發現互聯網上出現違法犯罪行為和有害信息時，要採取措施，停止傳輸有害信息，並及時向有關機關報告。任何單位和個人在利用互聯網時，都要遵紀守法，抵制各種違法犯罪行為和有害信息。人民法院、人民檢察院、公安機關、國家安全機關要各司其職，密切配合，依法嚴厲打擊利用互聯網實施的各種犯罪活動。要動員全社會的力量，依靠全社會的共同努力，保障互聯網的運行安全與信息安全，促進社會主義精神文明和物質文明建設。}} *《中國互聯網行業自律公約》第十條 {{quote|互聯網接入服務提供者應對接入的境內外網站信息進行檢查監督，拒絕接入發布有害信息的網站，消除有害信息對我國網絡用戶的不良影響。}} *根據公安部33號令《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》第五條規定 {{quote|第五條 任何單位和個人不得利用國際聯網制作、複制、查閱和傳播下列信息：<br /> （一）煽動抗拒、破壞憲法和法律、行政法規實施的；<br /> （二）煽動顛覆國家政權，推翻社會主義制度的；<br /> （三）煽動分裂國家、破壞國家統一的；<br /> （四）煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結的；<br /> （五）捏造或者歪曲事實，散布謠言，擾亂社會秩序的；<br /> （六）宣揚封建迷信、淫穢、色情、賭博、暴力、凶殺、恐怖，教唆犯罪的；<br /> （七）公然侮辱他人或者捏造事實誹謗他人的；<br /> （八）損害國家機關信譽的；<br /> （九）其他違反憲法和法律、行政法規的。 }} 所以就導致喺互聯網上查閱違法信息亦為違法[http://news.xinhuanet.com/it/2004-09/05/content_1945402.htm]。而呢啲被稱為「法律」嘅文件，本身存喺合法性爭議問題。 ;法律、法規禁止嘅網絡內容同網絡行為 #反對憲法確定嘅基本原則嘅； #危害國家統一、主權同領土完整嘅； #煽動抗拒、破壞憲法同法律、行政法規實施嘅； #泄露國家秘密，危害國家安全或者損害國家榮譽同利益嘅； #煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結，或者侵害民族風俗、習慣嘅； #破壞國家宗教政策，宣揚邪教、迷信嘅； #散布謠言，擾亂社會秩序，破壞社會穩定嘅； #宣傳淫穢、賭博、暴力或者教唆犯罪嘅； #侮辱或者誹謗他人，侵害他人合法權益嘅； #危害社會公德或者民族優秀文化傳統嘅； #損害國家機關信譽嘅； #煽動非法集會、結社、遊行、示威、聚眾擾亂社會秩序嘅； #以非法民間組織名義活動嘅； #含有法律、行政法規禁止嘅其他內容嘅。 == 中國網絡審查嘅措施 == 1995年以來，[[中國大陸]]已經頒布咗60多項法規嚟規範互聯網活動。喺[[2000年代]]初政治狀況比較敏感嘅時期，政府要求網管對[[法輪功]]同[[六四]]等題材嘅政治網站進行嚴格封鎖，對國內日益泛濫嘅色情信息反而重未顯示出足夠嘅關心同重視。自[[2004年]]中，呢種情況開始有所改變，有關當局開始大力打擊網上色情。 === 行政手段 === ==== 國家工作人員對內容進行監控 ==== 由政府下轄公安部門（主要係[[網警]]）、國家安全部門、新聞管理部門、通信管理部門、文化管理部門、廣播電影電視部門、出版部門、保密等部門嘅工作人員監控著大陸嘅[[論壇]]、[[博客|網誌]]、[[網絡聊天室|聊天室]]同私人嘅[[即時通訊]]、[[電子郵件]]等互聯網資訊，通常使用域名劫持、關鍵字過濾、網絡嗅探、網關IP封鎖、電子數據取證等技術來過濾、獲取有關情報信息；對過濾內容進行判斷，嚴格禁止、刪除「有害」信息；查禁、封堵同阻斷可能會「利用互聯網造謠、誹謗或者發表、傳播嘅有害信息」。 例如：「煽動顛覆國家政權、推翻[[社會主義]]制度」、「煽動分裂國家、破壞國家統一」、「煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結」、「竊取、泄露國家秘密」等「有害」信息；邪教、淫穢類信息同埋其它「有害信息」等。 同時對特定人群實行網絡監視，並後台阻斷敏感人士嘅網絡通信。 ==== 實施行政處罰同司法追究 ==== 各國都對違反網絡相關法律進行處罰同追究，但中國相對更嚴厲，唔單只係發表、制作政府認為不良信息嘅人會面臨處罰，甚至閱覽相關信息者亦可能會被行政處罰<ref>四川某市警方通過於2004年8月9號從省公安廳網監處同浙江省杭州市網監支隊獲得嘅線索，於8月10號查清該兩個分別於2004年3月21號同2004年7月11號登錄浙江一色情淫穢網站，查閱、瀏覽色情淫穢圖片並喺該網站上留言嘅上網賬號嘅用戶資料，並掌握咗大量相關證据，抓獲咗韓某、鍾某兩名違法嫌疑人。[http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2004-08/25/content_1879691.htm]。</ref>，並引發中國國內嘅爭議。同時，由於發表或傳播網絡言論、信息而入獄者（見[[#因中國網絡審查被捕同判刑公民|下文]]）亦係世界最多。 ==== 政府及網評員引導網上輿論 ==== 除咗被動噉封網之外，中國政府亦大力發展官方網站，積極進行網上宣傳。香港城市大學嘅李金銓教授說，中國全部網站嘅10%係由政府直接建立同經營嘅，各級政府建立咗多個主要新聞網站。 由半公開同公開（好似[[江蘇]][[宿遷市]]）嘅消息，政府招收[[網絡評論員]]，由佢哋以普通網友嘅身份，引導「正確導向」，普及「黨同政府嘅方針政策」。 但係，有時佢哋寫出來嘅文章會受到其他網友嘅反對，被其他網友稱之為「五毛黨」。 ==== 聘請網絡監督員、微博編輯、網絡保安進行網絡監控 ==== 2006年5月，有關部門開始招募網絡監督員，佢哋定期接受相關部門嘅指導，利用業餘時間監察網絡出現嘅「不文明行為、違法同不良信息」，及時通過電話、電子郵件、不定期參加會議等方式向相關單位提出監察意見。[http://it.people.com.cn/GB/42891/42894/4374397.html][http://net.china.com.cn/ggl/txt/2007-04/24/content_1557576.htm] 另外部分網絡安全保安分公司招收網絡保安員，網絡保安並無執法權，主要通過網絡監控，為服務單位及時刪除各種不良信息，及時叫停違法行為，向網監部門報警。[http://it.sohu.com/20060115/n241440004.shtml][http://news.163.com/06/0706/04/2LAPD5EO0001124J.html] ==== 實名制與備案 ==== {{main|中國網絡實名制}} 早喺1997年12月11號國務院批准1997年12月30號公安部發布嘅《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》中，第十一條明確規定「用戶在接入單位辦理入網手續時，應當填寫用戶備案表。備案表由公安部監制。」喺1999年下半年——中國大陸喺第一次互聯網高潮時，相關規定開始咗執行，要求通過ISP接入互聯網嘅個人同單位喺公安部門備案，留存個人同單位信息（喺呢個時間之前只係喺ISP留存），或者相關信息由ISP向公安部門提交[http://home.donews.com/donews/article/9/98738.html]。2002年后好長嘅時間入邊，相關備案嘅執行弱化。喺2006年7月，[[重慶市]]公安局出台咗《關於加強國際聯網備案管理的通告》，要求喺屋企上網須向公安機關備案，如果唔係輕則將被警方警告，重則將被停機半年[http://tech.china.com/zh_cn/news/net/156/20060707/13454298.html]。雖然早有相關規章依據，但喺新一波嘅網絡言論收縮嘅背景下，呢個規定引發極大嘅關注以及爭議。可能係迫於輿論壓力，呢個《通告》喺之後嘅審核中未予通過。 對網絡接入、網吧、信息發布網站、電子郵件甚至游戲等要求實名備案。特別係2005年2月份以來，信息產業部要求境內所有網站主辦者必須通過為網站提供接入、托管、[[虛擬主機]]等服務嘅[[IDC]]、ISP來備案登記，或者登錄[http://www.miibeian.gov.cn/ 信息產業部備案網站]自行備案。無論係企、事業單位網站，或者係個人網站，都必須喺備案時提供有效證件號碼。 喺中華人民共和國境內提供經營性同非經營性互聯網信息服務，必須以實名制履行備案手續。未經備案，唔可以喺中華人民共和國境內從事互聯網信息服務。 ==== 約束ISP、ICP ==== 以法規嘅形式要求[[互聯網服務提供商]]（ISP）[[互聯網內容提供商]]（ICP）不得制作、複制、發布、傳播任何「有害」信息。如有發現，應當立即停止傳輸，保存有關記錄，並向國家有關機關報告。 ==== 網吧管理 ==== 中國大陸要求網吧上網者實名登記，同時要求網吧必須安裝「網吧安全管理軟件」。 由國務院制定條例要求網吧經營者： #建立場內巡查制度，發現上網消費者嘅違法行制止並向文化行政部門、公安機關舉報。 #核對、登記並保存上網消費者嘅有效身份證件同記錄有關上網信息。　　 ==== 網絡舉報 ==== 各級政府同部門都紛紛建立舉報網站及電話，用來接收對政治、色情暴力等有社會危害內容嘅網站進行舉報。例如[http://www.mps.gov.cn/ 公安部]公開嘅舉報電話係010-65283344、010-65207655，舉報網站係http://www.cyberpolice.cn ；中國互聯網協會嘅違法同不良信息舉報中心http://net.china.cn/chinese/index.htm 。 但係截至2006年4月24號，公安部嘅舉報網站上面只能看到寥寥可數嘅幾條消息，呢個一方面可能係由於網站缺乏適當維護，另一方面可能係當局唔願意公開有關消息。而中國互聯網協會嘅網站則有較多關於已關閉網站嘅消息。 === 技術手段 === 中國嘅網絡審查技術已發展到咗一個非常成熟嘅地位，通過多手段、多途徑、多層次、分布式嘅處理，實現咗國家級網關嘅IP封鎖、主幹路由嘅內容監測、域名劫持、內容發布過濾、訪問過濾等功能，將大多數網民能接觸到嘅信息控制喺一個較嚴格嘅水平上。對呢啲審查技術嘅''反審查技術參見[[突破網絡審查]]''。 各種技術手段如下： *國家入口網關嘅IP封鎖 *主幹路由器關鍵字過濾阻斷 *域名劫持 :''(以上三類參見'''[[防火長城]]''')'' *內容發布過濾 :呢啲係一種預審行為嘅技術，即係過濾詞，例如[[網絡論壇|論壇]]、[[聊天室]]、[[QQ]]、[[TOM-SKYPE]]等嘅網站或軟件對[[防火長城關鍵字列表|關鍵字]]進行預先過濾、延后發布、警告等。 *客戶端訪問過濾 :「網吧安全管理軟件」之類嘅軟件能過濾50多萬帶有[[色情]]同埋認為含有違法嘅內容而被禁止訪問嘅網站等等。 == 喺商業機構出現嘅政治審查 == 中國政府採用[[思科系統公司|思科]]、北方電訊、Sun、3COM同微軟等西方大公司提供嘅技術來封鎖網絡，並命令網絡公司幫助政府過濾「敏感」言論。 微軟喺中國嘅MSN博客空間設置咗過濾器，Google喺其新聞頻道嘅中國大陸版上拿掉咗被中國政府封閉網站內容嘅存檔，Google喺2006年1月推出咗 Google.cn ，任何有違背中國政府嘅內容都被過濾。雅虎中國更被指幫助中國當局調查網上異見人士（睇[[師濤]]「非法向境外提供國家機密」案）。 除此之外，亦有唔少公司主動配合。 喺2021年3月，BBC中文網亦訪問咗一個曾經喺微博做過內容審查工作嘅人，佢話自己感覺其實唔係咁好，但入面好多人都只係搵飯食冇乜感覺。呢啲人做審查唔需要乜嘢培訓或者指導手冊，因為喺中國長大嘅人都會明白乜嘢為之中國版政治正確，有時上層亦會指明一啲關鍵字要刪除或者唔可以出街<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/56348346|title=中國網絡審查內幕：一個前任微博審查員的自述|work=BBC News 中文|access-date=2021-03-21|language=zh-hant}}</ref>。 另一個例子係字節跳動旗下嘅TikTok，佢哋嘅內容管理員，名義上係進行內容優化，其實已經係將政治審查放咗落去流程入面<ref name=":0" />。 == 中國網絡審查目標嘅現實局限 == 有意見認為，中國網絡審查中嘅有下邊呢啲嘅難點<ref>[[網監]]花費咗一年多時間才抓到咗只有[[小學]]文化水平嘅[[色情網站]]《情色六月天》、《九九情色論壇》嘅站長王勇</ref>： ; 租用國外[[伺服器]]，無法直接查封查辦。 *境外伺服器租用費用低廉，而且IP技術複雜，譬如[[動態網]]採用「動態IP」技術。而家網監對於這類網站只能用[[防火長城]]封網站域名同逮捕人喺境內嘅站長，對於身喺境外嘅站長無可奈何，亦有認為中共實施咗其它手段<ref>法輪功聲稱中共「派[[特務]]採用‘[[黑社會]]’手段進行打砸」境外嘅站長。[[花園網]]技術總監李淵被打傷，法輪功對外稱係「中共特務所為」[http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/nf3402.htm]。</ref>。 *目前針對IP技術複雜：主要採取會員門戶網站封堵形式，推廣終端過濾軟件<ref name="client">{{引網 |url=http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2007年8月4號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630081434/http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html |archive-date=2007年6月30號 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。绑匪警察开三甲所谓“安康医院”对部队绑架、被精神病、小偷（法官）冒充成维修店撬锁聚集被几十个鸡奸（東城區正義路1號）控制在宾馆，没有人身自由；通报中许多地方造假，父亲想发澄清视频，却怎么也发不出去，自己也发不出视频；鉴定、送诊都是强制的；事发当晚被六、七十人破门而入，殴打https://msguancha.com/plus/list.php?tid=15 ; 「封網經費」遭[[貪污]]，封網工作滯後。 *「封網經費」從中央到地方嘅落實工作，出現咗「層層剝削」嘅貪污[[腐敗]]情況，經費喺中央落來到地方經過幾個局基本上無幾多錢能夠到地方「基層」嘅網監手裏頭，造成咗基層真正管網監嘅監察人員能動性降低，監察效率降低。 ; 網監人手不足，一個人管上千人上網。 *一般一個地方當網監嘅只有上百人，無法對大量嘅上網人群嘅監察做到全面審查，會出現一個人管上千人嘅情況，噉樣難免會有網友成功瀏覽還沒被屏蔽嘅網站而不被網絡監察人員審查。 ;對加密內容無能為力 *[[https]]加密技術瀏覽網頁：對[[加密|加密算法]]嘅支持，實現咗用戶瀏覽網頁嘅加密。GFW對噉樣嘅對策係實行https證書過濾，不過只對少數網站實行，包括維基百科。[https://sectigo.com][https://letsencrypt.org/] *4.9万亿[[津巴布韦]]币市场https://www.embarcadero.com/products https://google.com/search?q=%E7%81%B0%E9%B8%BD%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81 每小时免费领取(价值二十五万源代码) [[即時通訊]]/聊天軟件：[[Skype]]官方國際版（不包括中文版嘅Tom-Skype），呢個軟件嘅特色就係「文字聊天內容加密」，網監無辦法直接監察用戶聊天內容。[[MSN]]、[[oicq]]等不加密通訊嘅即時通訊軟件皆喺網監人員直接審查之下<ref name="client" />。 *[[中國互聯網協會]]通過對視頻聊天網站、即時通訊工具夜查與監控，顯示有大量違法內容嘅有「碧聊」、「好聊」、「E話通」、「[[Vagaa|Vagaa哇嘎嘎]]」與「PP點點通」等[http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html]。呢啲被點名嘅軟件目前已經或曾經連接困難、無法使用<ref name="client" />。 *計算機[[網絡安全]]中[[加密]]技術被破網組織應用於其開發嘅軟件上，造成咗網監不解密就無法直接審查用戶瀏覽內容嘅困難。 *電子郵件審查：主要係依賴防火長城嘅關鍵字封鎖，但因為破網組織發送郵件時將「敏感文字」拆開或加入標點符號，所以重係有大量破網組織嘅[[垃圾郵件]]發送到網友郵箱中嘅。（一）组织他人卖淫，情节严重的。如组织卖淫的人数、次数多的等。（二）强迫不满十四周岁的幼女卖淫的。（三）强迫多人卖淫或者多次强迫他人卖淫的。（四）强奸后迫使卖淫的。（五）造成被强迫卖淫的人重伤、死亡或者其他严重后果的。有上述情形之一，情节特别严重的，处无期徒刑 人贩子：陕北口音凤城医院人贩子公安部伍某、云佳蒲城“安康医院”、陕西公安厅凤城路通过组织、强迫妇女卖淫危险方法拐骗儿童犯死罪 她早在12年前就曾因违法行为被判过刑（非法鉴定胎儿性别、非法实施引产手术），四川警察学院非法培育日本鬼子 案号：（2014）未刑初字第00248号 *被告许某某，男，1979年2月7日出生于上海市，汉族，大学文化，系西安公安局分局韩森寨派出所民警,2013年4月16日因原一审被判缓刑取保候审，2013年12月13日因案件发回重审继续取保候审 湖北襄阳健桥医院院长叶有芝及医护人员 40 多人被判刑，其中院长叶有芝被判处无期徒刑，没收全部财产 打人后非法拘禁绑匪暂缓所谓“拘留” 上海静安警方发布，王某某等人打人后申请复议 「被限高者是有辦法乘機的，你的護照只要在有效期內，我們就可以通過國外系統幫你訂到機票，這種訂票管道會繞開國內系統。」7天内审批签发并制作普通护照。跨省异地申请普通护照的签发时限为20天 8501381人失信被执行人护照买动车票、飞机票https://flights.ctrip.com/fuzzysearch/search 只要对拘留决定不服，都可以申请行政复议，提出行政诉讼。 公安机关在确认以下事实后，可以暂缓执行： 一，被处罚人不是危险分子，不会对社会造成危害； 二，有担保人出面担保，或缴纳每日 200 元的保证金。 简而言之： 就算素人如你，把人打伤“复议” 广场等人，遇多位大妈招嫖 男子把这事情发到了网上，他说车站广场有多位大妈搭讪乘客招嫖，有武警巡逻， 但也不管！ 人贩子郑州车站性工作人员“给你找个漂亮姑娘 20多岁小姑娘”80岁大学生 https://xchat.com 2020年初，她回到中国从事一份房地产工作时，她在病毒wechat上发了一篇美国电台（Radio Free Asia）的文章，'''第二天，四名警察就带着枪和防暴盾牌出现在她家人居住的公寓。她并被带到当地派出所，坐在老虎椅'''上被审问。最后，她被警方逼写了一份认罪书和支持中国的宣誓 高德打车、哔哩哔哩、爱奇艺及BIMOBIMO等多款非法大陆研制应用软件均存在实时行为监测、撷取系统信息、资料传输及分享等风险，提醒台灣民眾提高警覺 小紅書、腾讯微博、抖音、腾讯wechat微信、百度盤、QQ空间音乐等5款大陸應用程式「資安風險極高」，提示民眾不要下載使用，並要求人員全部刪https://didiglobal.com/contact/contact-us tik tok（https://tiktok.com ）“抖音”声称，今年已配合中共有关部门抓获网络犯罪嫌疑人162名，对跨境活动、使用VPN翻墙等行为“固定证据并上报” ; 非常規審查難度大，[[破網軟件]]嘅廣泛傳播。 : *各類[[破網軟件]]喺網友間廣泛傳播：譬如[[無界瀏覽]]同[[自由門]]，造成網監無法咗解使用破網軟件用戶喺瀏覽什么內容，網監對此沒有太多辦法，只係由技術人員喺每年嘅[[六四事件]]紀念期間加大對破網軟件封鎖嘅力度，而極景公司對呢件事嘅回應係「無界瀏覽從來未被真正封住過」。 == 中國網絡審查嘅特點 == 與其他國家嘅[[互聯網審查]]相比，中國嘅網絡審查有四個突出嘅特點： === 預先審查 === 其他國家進行嘅網絡審查，多數通過法律方式進行，即指控信息提供者違反某一法律，然後依法加以關閉。這樣，對於不受管轄嘅其他國家嘅網站，網絡審查基本上無能為力。同大多數國家不同，中國嘅網絡審查意喺防止違規信息流入用戶終端，噉雖然不能強制其他國家網站關閉，但依然可以起到作用。 === 模糊嘅標准 === 中國網絡審查所使用嘅標准係相當模糊嘅，表現喺違法（規）嘅標准難以把握。比如到咩程度就會「危害國家統一、主權同領土完整嘅」，咩程度又會「擾亂社會秩序」，咩程度又會「破壞社會穩定」，法規上均沒有明文規定。 作為一名國內嘅網絡使用者，很難自我審查有關嘅網絡內容係唔係為「有害信息」、討論嘅內容係唔係會被有關部門認定為「國家機密」、向唔知道嘅多數人表達自己嘅主張係唔係就會構成「煽動行為」。 亦好難預測某一個網站會唔會喺某一天被列入封鎖范圍。如果被列入咗，亦好難知道確實嘅原因。除咗少數特殊嘅例子（例如Google），似乎很少有被封鎖網站解封嘅例子。當然，這種模糊性亦係相對嘅，對於若干敏感話題（比如政治、民主類話題），幾乎可以肯定，只要網站涉及咗這方面嘅內容並達到咗一定嘅人氣，就會好快被封。 === 程序不透明同缺少救濟性 === 中國嘅相當多嘅網站由於受網絡審查被關閉或刪除內容，其中部分網站所有者有异議，但難以尋求複議同訴訟嘅途徑。由於監管喺程序上缺少明確嘅界定，邊個實施處罰、被處罰違反乜嘢法律、依據乜嘢進行處罰都難以明確指認。呢種情況喺一啲學術、法律、維權網站上特別突出<ref>北京大學嘅[[一塌糊塗BBS]]被關閉，[[賀衛方]]教授反對呢個做法時，竟搵唔出下令關閉嘅「上級」係邊個（後來知道係[[北京市通信管理局]]），至今亦未公示關閉原因；2004年1月15號，北京市宣武區人民法院法院以「行政訴訟案不符合起訴條件」為理由，駁回《公民維權網》設立者李健對下令強行關閉《公民維權網》者——北京市電信管理局--嘅起訴。</ref>。 === 對政治言論較嚴格嘅限制 === 對於涉及到有關批評中國共產黨[[一黨執政]]嘅弊端，其他意識形態嘅宣傳，中共高層領導人犯錯誤嘅內容會予以一尐限制，呢種限制體現喺推行敏感詞匯過濾系統同由中共各級黨委宣傳部具體監督及執行嘅涉及政治內容嘅審核制度。各個網站（根據影響力不同）會採用或接受程度唔同嘅政治敏感詞過濾，過濾嘅結果係任何出現涉及敏感詞彙嘅言論唔可以喺網上發表或被替換發表，個人電子郵件或即時消息會被阻擋或刪除——亦包括一些同政治無關嘅內容。 根據美國[[哈佛大學]]法學院《2004－2005年中國互聯網過濾報告》，喺大陸，無法登錄嘅色情網站只係佔10%左右，亦即係話，90%嘅色情網站可以登錄，但係要登錄寫上疆獨、藏獨、六四等政治性網站就難過登天。[http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/zhuanti/redian/2005/05/23/china_internet/] 哈佛大學教授{{link-en|蓋瑞金|Gary King}}等人嘅研究表明，喺中國內地，實際上網民可以好刻薄噉鬧政府、政策同領導人而唔被審查，但係如果有關言論明顯有可能引起真實世界嘅群體事件，或者同經已發生嘅真實世界群體事件有關，噉無論事件本身性質係點，通常都會被清除<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://gking.harvard.edu/files/censored.pdf|author=Gary King ''et. al.''|title=How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression|journal=American Political Science Review}}{{en}}</ref>。例外係，直接講審查人（例如論壇管理員、貼吧吧主等等）嘅，一般會刪嗮。 == 網絡審查嘅多方立場及觀點 == === 中國政府嘅立場 === 中國政府認為由於網絡信息質量同真實性參差不齊，比如反社會主義意識形態、被認為係帶有敵意而建立嘅，具有煽動、顛覆社會主義意識形態嘅內容，喺人民嘅辨別能力唔強嘅情況下，容易受到佢影響同蠱惑；被認為容易腐蝕少年兒童心智嘅[[色情]]內容；被認為傳播邪教嘅內容。所以有必要對佢進行管理。中國政府處理呢種問題嘅主要手段係封鎖對呢啲網站嘅訪問。[[中華人民共和國外交部]]發言人話，經過外交部嘅調查，呢啲被封鎖嘅網站內容都係唔合法同唔健康嘅，所以封鎖。[[香港]][[南華早報]]曾經引用[[國安部]]官員嘅話，政府認為：爭取解除網絡封鎖嘅努力係「外國敵對勢力通過互聯網顛覆中國共產黨嘅陰謀。」通常噉樣嘅網站都會涉及[[六四事件]]、[[法輪功]]（被官方認為係[[邪教]]）、[[色情]]、[[暴力]]等，以及台灣獨立問題同埋西藏、新疆獨立問題等等。對於各界人士嘅諸多指責，政府辯解話由於中國人口眾多，喺統一管制方面有一定嘅困難，只可以用一啲被指矯枉過正嘅方法來對付網絡犯罪。 2006年10月25號，前當時新聞辦公室主任（家陣文化部主任）[[蔡武]]喺美國華盛頓發表「中國係自由、民主、法治國家，亦係全世界互聯網最自由嘅國家」等爭議性言論，相對佢嘅官員身分，引起多年來各界人士、諸多官員、媒體同民眾嘅熱議同埋批評到而家都未平息<ref>[http://blog.sina.com.tw/myplace/article.php?pbgid=10404&entryid=205117 中國時報－中國官員：中國係全世界互聯網最自由嘅國家] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915220608/http://blog.sina.com.tw/myplace/article.php?pbgid=10404&entryid=205117 |date=2016年9月15號 }}，2006年10月28號</ref>。 === 反對者嘅觀點 === 喺中國國內外，好多人認為呢啲措施太嚴厲，阻礙咗信息嘅自由流動，侵犯咗公民嘅言論、通信、知情權利，限制咗因特網本應具有嘅[[言論自由]]同[[民主]]精神，噉嘅做法會影響中國嘅互聯網發展，不利嗰啲發表獨立見解同思想嘅網站，同時呢啲做法亦迫使一些打「擦邊球」嘅網站只能通過外逃嘅方式來獲得生存空間。有人引用《[[世界人權宣言]]》 同《[[公民權利同政治權利國際公約]]》來維護網上發表文章嘅權利。 同時反對者認為，審查手段會造成災難，比如喺[[SARS事件]]初期，政府喺網絡上嚴格禁止疫情嘅發布與討論，導致疫情嘅進一步擴大同產生更多嘅傷亡。 不少法規招致批評與反對，公安部33號令第五條認為「通過互聯網……閱讀……不法……內容」為非法，由此導致兩名瀏覽黃色網站嘅人員被公安部門抓捕同處罰，這一事件引起激烈爭論，不少人認為其遠甚於[[清朝]][[文字獄]]，建議對此規定進行違憲審查[http://www.csonline.com.cn/layer/f2/t20040831_229035.htm]。 針對網吧嘅嚴格管理，許多人認為阻礙咗這一行業嘅發展同國人利用網絡嘅機會，特別係對於12點以后夜間停止營業同上網吧者必須出示身份證嘅規定，受到激烈爭議，認為噉同保護未成年人無必然因果。有言論認為一些部門為咗增加一些官方產品，例如軟件同防火用具嘅銷量而提高許可標准。規范化過程中數以萬計嘅[[網吧]]因此被關閉。 亦有意見認為，中國嘅網絡審查由於其標准嘅模糊性同預先審查，對網絡自由構成嘅威脅同其他國家實行嘅事後審查係有好大區別嘅。批評者嘅意見主要集中於預先審查，而唔係依法進行嘅對違法網站嘅懲罰同關閉行動。 === 其它人嘅觀點 === 網絡審查使互聯網內容喺一定程度上得到咗淨化，亦喺一定程度上避免咗未成年人沉迷網絡色情所造成嘅不良影響。雖然部分學術商業網站並未被封鎖，但係諸如[[CNN]]/[[BBC]]以及一啲被認為可能散布對中國中央政府不利觀點嘅新聞媒體網站無法被訪問同瀏覽亦產生咗爭議：喺呢個問題上有啲人認為，CNN/BBC等網站嘅言論有失公允，對中國嘅一些報道可能帶有偏見，係需要進行審查嘅；但亦有人認為，審查嘅同時對國人從其它觀點正常觀看新聞事件同埋相關評論造成咗極大嘅影響。 大多數中國公民認為，網絡審查係妨害個人自由嘅，係對個人人權嘅極大侵犯，但由於大陸學生習慣咗政府嘅高壓政策，喺普遍嘅、大量嘅大陸學生人群中對政治漠不關心，生活中極少有人談起政治，甚至大多數人連自己所在地嘅領導人都並唔係好清楚。所以好少有人能注意到呢種網絡審查。至於色情網站，目前測試結果係國外大多數嘅情色網站都係可以訪問嘅，被封查嘅只係政治站點。而且國內情色內容嘅主要傳播途徑係各類P2P軟件，你幾乎可以喺上面搜索到所有國外黃色網站需要付費下載嘅內容，而且呢度並唔禁止未成年人下載。由於大多數中國地區網絡對流量並未限制，所以BT等下載方式極其普遍，這喺一定程度上亦促進咗黃色內容嘅普及。 一些人認為由於各類破網軟件嘅流行，中國大陸政府一貫嘅官僚低效嘅作風亦喺一定程度上使所謂嘅網絡審查失去意義。有人認為，連網警自己都可能唔會相信呢啲審查真係有用，呢啲只係一個程序嗟。但亦有相當多嘅人認為中國政府喺嚴厲執行網絡審查，呢類審查嘅目的在於阻止大多數網民接觸當局認定唔合適嘅信息。 === 雙重標準嘅觀點 === 值得注意嘅係，一些批評者一方面批評中國執法機關嘅網絡審查，另一方面又責怪中國未對批評者反對嘅內容進行審查。例如，美國前駐華大使批評話，中國應該對網絡簽名反對日本加入安理會常任理事國嘅行為進行審查，佢甚至要求封鎖嗰啲網站。佢批評講，中國允許網絡簽名反日入常嘅網站運行同咁多人反日係具有諷刺嘅同可恥嘅[http://www.popyard.org/cgi-bin/npost.cgi?num=38855]。有人據此認為，部分批評者嘅觀點係自我矛盾嘅，佢哋採用雙重標準。對嗰啲他們支持嘅內容，如對自己或自己所支持嘅組織不利嘅，他們批評審查；對嗰啲他們反對嘅內容，如某政府迫害或鎮壓對其喺網絡中有異見人士嘅行為，佢哋就又批評唔審查。因此，呢類持有雙重標准嘅人嘅出發點值得懷疑，究竟係真係為咗網絡自由，定係別有目嘅。 但亦有人認為，這種雙重標準嘅指責係移的就矢，他們既無證明支持同反對審查嘅係同一人或組織，亦無證明支持同反對嘅係同一審查行為。亦有人認為，即使能證明這兩點，亦可提出如下辯護：如果認可咗目前無可能很快改變嘅審查嘅現實，噉由於審查本身表達咗審查者（即中華人民共和國官方）嘅觀點，就可以根據審查嘅尺度對此加以批評，跟住要求佢進行調整（噉往往涉及外交關係），但呢個同喺根本上反對審查嘅立場並唔沖突。簡而言之，呢種觀點就係：最好乜嘢網站都唔封，要封就應該對未被封而會影響外交關係嘅網站承擔起相應嘅責任，而唔係以「純粹民意唔代表政府立場」來推卸。 == 網絡審查嘅一啲個案及影響 == 中國政府對網絡內容進行審查係基於中國社會制度嘅特殊性，部分民眾對此持支持態度，同時亦有持相反意見嘅人士。喺執政黨觀點同部分民眾看來，基於維護社會政治穩定及政治不被外國各方唔同勢力影響嘅考慮，中國實行呢套制度係有一定必要性嘅，但係亦產生咗一定消極影響。喺追求言論自由嘅國內外民眾看來，由於中國係世界上僅存嘅幾個實行社會主義及一黨專政制度嘅國家，網絡審查係有意識嘅政治操縱。 === 對言論嘅審查及影響 === 北京制定咗一套要求網絡出版商自我審查嘅規定，違反規定嘅懲罰可能係關閉網站。與此同時，一些跨國公司、政府部門、大學同其它組織簽署咗由[[中國互聯網協會]]起草嘅《[[中國互聯網行業自律公約]]》。簽署者同意禁止「制作、發布或傳播危害國家安全同危害社會穩定嘅有害信息」。好多公司嘅搜尋器可以有效過濾含有「[[人權]]」、「[[法輪功]]」同「[[六四事件|1989天安門]]」等通常被北京認為具有違法內容嘅大部分網站。 === 對司法嘅影響 === 多人因喺網上發表傳播反對批判政府嘅文章、信息而被控[[煽動顛覆國家政權罪]]並逮捕。但相當多人認為煽動顛覆罪范圍過大、無煽動對象亦能入罪、相關行為如顛覆批評標准模糊、缺少司法解釋、給予政府空間過大。2001年有多人發表網絡言論因這一罪名而被逮捕，就此多位學者同律師上書人大要求限制或取消這一罪名，喺2003年，多名學者同法律人士簽名要求人大就這一罪名進行司法解釋。 === 對公民喺網絡上工作學習交流嘅影響 === [[關鍵字過濾]]，為國內嘅相當多嘅科研人員，大學師生嘅正常科研工作帶來咗好大嘅影響，正常嘅關鍵詞搜索可能被重置，並喺隨後嘅幾分鐘內相關網站被封之後冇辦法再次瀏覽到。呢啲影響被認為給經常需要到國外技術網站、搜索引擎網站、數據庫網站搜索信息嘅國內科技人員帶來咗相當大嘅困擾。為咗避免過濾系統嘅干擾，啲人諗出咗一啲對策，比如拆字法，同音異型字替代法，符號插入法等等，形成咗中國網絡上特有嘅人文景觀<ref>曾有某網友對此嘅一句調侃喺網絡廣為流傳：「不 矢口 亻十 么 日寸 候，亻奄 口斤 言兌 言侖 土云 有 辶寸 氵慮 白勺 言兌 氵去，於 是，亻奄 學 會 咗 扌斥 字。後來 ， 亻奄 米青 礻申 分 裂 咗。」（唔知幾時，俺聽說論壇有過濾嘅講法，於是，俺學識咗拆字。後嚟，俺精神分裂咗。）</ref>。 === 對往返深港學童嘅影響 === {{main|深港學生跨境上學問題}} 由於中國大陸當局封鎖連往香港嘅網站連線，對不少往返深港兩地嘅學童影響好大。佢哋喺使用深圳屋企度嘅網絡連線時，唔單只有好多網站都被屏障咗，就連學校嘅內聯網站亦喺屏障之列。由於現時香港大多數學校都要求學生登入各個[[網上學習平台]]去完成課業，呢啲屏障措施對學生嘅學習造成打擊。而學校方面，為咗適應這差異，亦要調配額外資源，讓學生喺離開學校返回內地嘅家前，能夠喺學校先行完成所有網上課業。 對於較高年級嘅學生，由於佢哋喺內地嘅連線所能夠搜尋到嘅內容比喺香港生活嘅學生為少，這亦影響到佢哋喺功課方面嘅質素：一方面佢哋嘅作業缺乏多方面嘅觀點；另一方面，內地網站嘅[[抄襲]]風氣熾烈，亦間接對學生嘅[[資訊素養]]造成不良嘅影響。 === 對香港地區嘅影響 === 因為中國大陸網絡審查嘅模糊性，中央政府對網路資訊嘅管制，被懷疑好多時候所產生嘅影響唔只對內地有效，而係不時都會影響到其他地區。例如：[[2005年]][[1月22號]]凌晨，喺香港嘅不同網路都不約而同嘅不能存取《[[大紀元時報]]》（同法輪功相關嘅報紙），而佢嘅IP位址就被挾持同重定向到其他唔相關嘅網站度（喺 i-cable 嘅線路被導往日本一家叫柴田嘅家具店，教育學院嘅線路則被導往新英格蘭一個曲棍球嘅網站），呢件事被好多香港居民認為同中央政府嘅審查有直接關係。 此外，中央方面過去曾多次為咗防止內地網民前往香港BBS或網站，從而獲得香港實況或海外事件非官方版本，曾經多次喺有爭議事件發生嗰陣(主要以香港政治事件，譬如[[香港七一遊行]]；或者國際事件中情況與中央政府所述口徑不一，如中美軍機相撞；或盛傳國內政治情況有變時)。以香港著名嘅BBS[[香港網站]]為例，有多方消息確稱於多次不同時期，由中國官方或所屬機構發出而對其伺服器及 DNS Server 進行攻擊，使內地、香港或海外嘅用戶都無法通過正常途徑連往該站。並且即使站長多次改變使用嘅線路，亦未能改善被攻擊嘅情況。部分與中央立場有異嘅香港政黨網站或中立嘅論政、新聞網站亦有相同情況。另外，喺香港亦有時無法連上 www.google.com；反而 www.google.com.hk 任何時候都可以連上。噉亦被認為與中央政府封禁與 google 協議有關，干擾咗 google.com 喺香港嘅連結。 === 被管制或限制嘅網站 === 中國嚴格限制國內一些影響穩定嘅學術、思想、維權網站，部分國內公網[[BBS]]與學術思想維權網站被關閉或限制功能，例如：2000年3月31號中國政府關閉由[[黃琦]]創辦嘅大陸網站<ref>{{引網 |url=http://64tianwang.com/ |title=《天網尋人》 |access-date=2007年8月4號 |archive-date=2007年8月24號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155136/http://64tianwang.com/ |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155136/http://64tianwang.com/ |date=2007年8月24號 }}</ref>；關閉《公民維權網》《憲政論衡》等網站；中國大陸部分高校 BBS 只對校內 IP 開放。中國亦限制咗一些有明顯過激行為嘅網站嘅活動。例如關閉咗部分激進反日網站、一些有嚴重排外傾向嘅網站、曾經喺[[1999年]]發動網民攻擊美國網站嘅[[中國黑客聯盟]]同[[中國紅客聯盟]]等。 國內好多[[色情]]嘅論壇或網站亦被取締或者被封鎖，部分人士認為佢審查力度遠不如政治網站。 所有境外嘅[[民運]]及[[法輪功]]網站、[[台灣]]嘅大多數政府網站論壇同埋部分境外宗教網站被封鎖。對產生重大影響嘅國外內容發布網站（比如[[Wiki]]、[[網志]]、[[聊天室]]、論壇、[[個人主頁]]等服務提供網站），亦成日被封鎖，或者限制同中國網絡審查有衝突嘅部份功能。例如搜索引擎 [[Google]] 喺[[2002年]]曾經一度被封鎖長達 10 日，至今部分功能如網頁快照被限制。 所有網站都受到關鍵詞過濾嘅影響，出現有時候無法訪問（比如[[Gmail]]）。呢啲過濾係雙向嘅，亦即係話，國內含有關鍵詞嘅網站喺國外訪問唔到，國外含有關鍵詞嘅網站喺國內一樣訪問唔到。 ==== 中國大陸被限制與關閉嘅嘅網站 ==== 參見：[[中華人民共和國被限制與關閉嘅網站列表]] 有較大影響嘅被關閉網站： *《天網尋人》（境外稱[http://64tianwang.com/ 六四天網]）同埋佢嘅走向論壇（[[黃琦]]主持，2000年3月31號被永久關閉）； *北京大學[[一塌糊塗BBS]]（永久關閉）； *[http://www.yannan.cn 燕南網]及其BBS喺2005年9月30號關閉； *[[世紀中國]]及其所屬嘅BBS（永久關閉）； *思想嘅境界（已關閉，南京大學李永剛建立嘅個人學術網站，作者聲稱個人原因關閉，但仍有人認為佢受到某種壓力） *學而思BBS（關閉） *憲政論衡（關閉） *公民維權網（數次被關閉） *「觀點」論壇（數次重開關閉） *中國工人網、工農兵BBS、共產黨人網，這三個左派網站喺2006年兩會前被北京市新聞辦公室網絡宣傳管理處關閉，理由係資金不足。 進行限制嘅網站： *清華大學[[水木清華BBS]]（已被限制為校內訪問，校外訪問實行實名制）； *南京大學[[南大小百合BBS]]（已被限制為校內注冊，實行實名制，校外只能瀏覽）； ==== 被限制國外網站 ==== ''參見[[防火長城#被管制同限制嘅網站不完全列表|防火長城]]相關章節'' 大多數國外政治類網站都被[[GFW|封鎖或干擾]]，引人關注嘅有： *[http://64tianwang.com 六四天網]，呢個係中國大陸首家綜合性人權組織[[中國天網人權事務中心]]官方網站。 *[http://chinadigitaltimes.net 中國數字時代]，呢個係伯克萊大學新聞學院關於中國新聞嘅集成網站。 *[[維基媒體]]嘅所有語言同所有項目網站。''參見[[中國大陸封鎖維基媒體事件]]''。 *[[Google]]嘅部分功能；Google嘅[http://googleblog.blogspot.com Blogspot域名]（抽封）。；Google收錄嘅位於[[Usenet]]上嘅部分[[新聞組]]；網頁快照功能； *[[BBC]]中文網[http://www.bbc.co.uk/chinese]；[[美國之音]][http://www.voa.gov]；[http://www.dw-world.de/chinese/ 德國之聲中文版]喺部分地區不能訪問；[[自由亞洲電台]][http://www.rfa.org]；[http://www.udn.com 聯合新聞網]（[[聯合報]]系）；[http://www.chinatimes.com 中時電子報]； *[[Flickr]] 可以登錄，但登錄後睇唔到相，據稱係由於防火牆過濾咗 Flickr 圖片顯示嘅域名 farm1.static.flickr.com 同 farm2.static.flickr.com。封禁原因目前不明，有網友猜測為成都晚報六四廣告事件同[[廈門PX項目]]游行事件所致。 === 因中國網絡審查被捕同判刑公民 === 据法國嘅[[無國界記者]](Reporters Without Borders)組織稱，因從事互聯網活動而被監禁嘅中國人目前已經從2001年時嘅3人躍升至咗2007年嘅65人[http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=119]。下面係部分因網絡言論被監禁嘅公民： ==== 2001年以及以前 ==== *[[林海]] 1998年被捕，以「煽動他人顛覆國家」罪名入獄兩年。 *[[黃琦]] 2000年6月3號被捕，判處有期徒刑5年。 *[[蔣世華]] 2000年8月16號，以「危害國家安全罪」被拘捕。2000年12月，以「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪被判處有期徒刑2年。 *[[綦彥臣]] 2000年9月被判「顛覆顛覆國家政權」罪，判入獄四年。 ==== 2002年 ==== *[[劉荻]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[吳一然]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[李毅斌]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[歐陽懿]]自2002年12月拘留 ==== 2003年 ==== *[[陶海東]] 2003年1月「煽動顛覆國家政權」七年有期徒刑。 *[[蔡陸軍]] 2003年3月3號被「批捕」，後嚟用涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪起訴，判刑三年。 *[[羅永忠]] 2003年10月因煽動顛覆國家政權罪被判處有期徒刑三年。 *[[杜導斌]] 2003年10月29號被拘留，煽動顛覆罪被判四年，緩期執行。 *[[羅長福]] 2003年3月13號，因網上呼籲釋放劉荻以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」被捕，11月被判三年<ref>{{引網 |url=http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2003-03/a-2003-03-19-15-1.cfm |title=存档副本 |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628120318/http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2003-03/a-2003-03-19-15-1.cfm |archive-date=2009-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。 *[[顏均]] 2003年12月8號煽動顛覆判處兩年徒刑。 *[[李志]] 2003年12月10號顛覆罪判處八年徒刑。 *[[王小寧]] 2002年9月1號因涉嫌「煽動顛覆國家政權」，被北京市國家安全局刑事拘留，2002年9月30號被逮捕。2003年9月12號，以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」 判處王小寧有期徒刑10年，剝奪政治權利兩年。 ==== 2004年 ==== *[[馬亞蓮]] 2004年3月16號被上海警察處以勞動教養一年半。 *[[趙岩]] 2004年9月17號被中國國安局以泄露國家機密罪逮捕，至2005年12月未判決，重關押緊。 *[[鄭貽春]] 2004年12月3號被捕。2005年9月22號以"煽動顛覆國家政權罪"，判處有期徒刑7年，剝奪政治權利3年。 *[[師濤]] 2004年11月24號被捕，最后以"非法向境外提供國家機密"罪判處10年有期徒刑。 ==== 2005年 ==== *[[張林]] 2005年7月28號判決有期徒刑5年。 *[[李建平]] 2005年5月26號被拘留，6月30號以「涉嫌誹謗」為由被批捕，後更改為「涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪」。 *[[許萬平]] 2005年4月30號被刑事拘留，2005年12月21號因顛覆國家政權罪，判處有期徒刑十二年，剝奪政治權利四年。 *[[任自元]]2005年5月10號喺江蘇省南通市被拘留，2005年6月17號以涉嫌顛覆國家政權罪逮捕。2006年3月17號以顛覆國家政權罪被判處有期徒刑10年，剝奪政治權利三年。 *[[李元龍]]（筆名：夜狼）因涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪於2005年9月9號被貴州省國家安全廳刑事拘留，2005年9月23號被貴州省國家安全廳監視居住，2005年9月28號經貴州省人民檢察院決定批捕，2006年7月13號被當地法院判處有期徒刑兩年。 ==== 2006年 ==== *[[5月12號]]河北維權人士[[郭起真]]被警方逮捕，8月底以喺網站發表文章涉嫌「煽動顛覆國家政權」正式起訴。 *[[8月11號]]，[[昝愛宗]]因網上發文關注蕭山事件，被杭州當地公安以「散布謠言」行政拘留7日。 *[[10月25號]]，[[李建平]]被山東省淄博市法院以「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪名判刑3年。 *[[8月15號]]，[[高智晟]]被秘密拘捕，[[9月21號]]，以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」被正式拘捕。[[12月21號]]，北京市第一中級人民法院以煽動顛覆國家政權罪判處高智晟有期徒刑三年、緩刑五年。 *[[9月6號]]，[[張建紅]]被「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪刑事拘留，[[2007年]][[1月12號]]不公開審理，一審判處六年徒刑。 == 註 == {{Refs|}} == 睇埋 == *[[網絡內容審查]] [[言論自由]] [[新聞自由]] *[[中國網絡實名制]] [[防火長城]] [[防火長城關鍵字一覽]] [[金盾工程]] [[公共信息網絡安全監察]] [[突破網絡審查]] *[[網絡警察]] [[網絡評論員]] [[網絡特務]] *[[中華人民共和國人權]] *[[中華人民共和國查禁出版物一覽]] *[[中華人民共和國查禁電影電視一覽]] *[[中華人民共和國對外黑客攻擊]] *[[中華人民共和國對外宣傳]] == 連出去 == {{wikinews|中國大陸外用戶訪問國內帶有敏感詞嘅網頁可能會被重置連接}} * [http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/192893.htm 中國互聯網管理法律法規一覽] * [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20001229/365770.html 全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定] * [http://www.phoenixtv.com/phoenixtv/83931288825757696/20060509/792817.shtml 中國網絡管理現狀調查] * [[北京市新聞出版局]]（版權局）：[http://www.bjppb.gov.cn/articledetail.jsp?id=11746107950001&currTitle=%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB 我市互聯網出版監管系統硬件設備部署完畢 監管能力和信息化水平大幅提高]、[http://www.zgc-dzc.gov.cn/cmstc.jsp?title=%E6%8B%9B%E6%8A%95%E6%A0%87%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF&uri=/root/qymh/ztbxx/1155543610734 北京市新聞出版局北京互聯網出版監管系統政府採購項目公開招標] *[http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/2/5/27/n192649.htm 誰失去了中國的互聯網？] * [http://internetfreedom.org/gb/articles/1051.html 言論自由與中國互聯網]網絡自由同盟 * [http://www.dajiyuan.com/gb/nf2852.htm 中共網絡封鎖技術漫談] * [http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/jccic/02/ab/s2-09c.htm 范傑臣《從多國網路內容管制政策談台灣網路規範努力方向》·摘要]…[http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/jccic/02/fu/2-09.pdf 全文] * [http://www.zhengqing.net.cn/2003-04/30/content_1897279.htm 方漢奇專論：法輪功與互聯網] * [http://talk.blogbus.com/logs/2005/10/1533271.html 網站被封了怎么辦？] * [http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ctdeo/article?mid=66 突破封鎖Yahoo!Messenger] * [http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/software/0,2000064574,20111187,00.htm 中共：我們真的沒有檢查網路啦] {{翻牆技術}} [[Category:互聯網審查]] [[類:中華人民共和國]] f0a9h4sh2vm9m3pj7gen96q6gtsbrn3 2416506 2416462 2026-06-05T10:58:33Z Geistory317 198212 反轉咗[[Special:Contributions/周大福病毒|周大福病毒]] ([[User talk:周大福病毒|talk]])作出嘅1次修改: Non cantonese 2416506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{譯|[[:zh:中華人民共和國網絡審查]]重有好多地方唔通順或者重係國語，唔啱廣東話文法}} {{Original research}} {{Refimprove|time=2022-08-10}} '''中華人民共和國網絡審查'''係指[[中華人民共和國]]政府用行政手段[[網絡內容審查|審查]][[互聯網]]內容。因範圍、力度同標準唔同絕大多數國家，所以產生爭議。 中國政府，同埋部分中國人，認為中國執法機關不過係審查網絡中有害信息，同限制違反中國「法律」嘅內容。但有好多人質疑佢哋嘅目的同標準，認為佢唔係為保護兒童同社會安全，而係為咗封鎖新聞言論，侵犯咗[[言論自由]]同基本[[人權]]，犯咗國家法律同埋國際法。 == 中國大陸網絡審查嘅背景 == 截至2004年底，[[中國]][[互聯網]]用戶有9400萬（第十五次中國互聯網絡發展狀況統計報告）。中國網民喺屋企上網嘅人數喺世界上嘅排名喺[[美國]]之後，排世界第二。中國人上網主要係閱讀信息、玩[[網上遊戲]]、網絡交流同交往、收寄[[電子郵件]]，利用網絡做生意嘅人數亦穩步增加緊。中國嘅互聯網用戶正以每月5%至6%嘅速度增長，大陸網民人數好快將達到人口嘅四分之一，或者微微超過2億5千萬人左右。有部分專家認為「對於個人通訊同特別係來自海外嘅信息，從建立互聯網嘅第一日起，[[中國大陸]]政府就開始咗網絡審查。」近年嚟，多部為互聯網制定嘅法律亦開始喺中國實行。 以互聯網同數碼技術為基礎嘅新媒體畀中國嘅發展帶來機會，但卻為當局嘅言論控制帶嚟挑戰，亦令中國共產黨呢個執政黨同埋中國政府嘅封閉式管理產生咗難題。 2005年4月，由哈佛法學院、劍橋大學同多倫多大學共同組建嘅「開放網絡促進會」（OpenNet Initiative）發表咗一份關於中國網絡封鎖嘅研究報告。報告稱：「中國嘅網絡過濾系統係全世界最發達嘅。比起其他有啲國家嘅類似系統，中國嘅網絡過濾範圍廣，手法細致，而且效果顯著。成個制度包括多層次嘅法律限制同技術控制，牽扯到眾多嘅國家機構，以及成千上萬嘅政府職員同企業員工。」 == 法律依據同規定 == 中國對網絡內容進行審查嘅原因同方式係多樣、多層次、跨部門嘅，對網絡嘅審查係從「互聯網接入服務提供者」到「各級人民政府及有關部門」嘅責任。中國對國內網站實行審查嘅具體法律依據請睇外部資料中法規一覽<ref>[[中國互聯網協會]]：[http://www.isc.org.cn/2005flfg/index.htm 有關行政法規、法規性文件] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928132916/http://www.isc.org.cn/2005flfg/index.htm#|date=2007年9月28號}}</ref>。 ;主要法律、法規、司法解釋 *《全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定》 *《互聯網信息服務管理辦法》 *《互聯網電子公告服務管理規定》 *《互聯網站從事登載新聞業務管理暫行規定》 *《互聯網出版管理暫行規定》 *《互聯網文化管理暫行規定》（2003年7月1號） *《關於網絡游戲發展和管理的若干意見》 *《互聯網IP地址備案管理辦法》（2005年3月20號） *《非經營性互聯網信息服務備案管理辦法》（2005年3月20號） *最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院關於辦理利用互聯網、移動通訊終端、聲訊台制作、複制、出版、販賣、傳播淫穢電子信息刑事案件具體應用法律若干問題的解釋 *《中國互聯網行業自律公約》（2002年4月24號） *《互聯網站禁止傳播淫穢、色情等不良信息自律規范》（2004年6月10號） *《中國互聯網網絡版權自律公約》 *《互聯網著作權行政保護辦法》（2005年5月30號） *《互聯網醫療衛生信息服務管理辦法》 *《互聯網葯品信息服務管理辦法》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網保密管理規定》（2000年1月1號） *《計算機信息系統安全保護條例》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網管理暫行規定》 *《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》 *《互聯網上網服務營業場所管理條例》 *《關於互聯網中文域名管理的通告》 ;具體依據條款 *[[2000年]][[12月28號]][[中華人民共和國第九屆全國人民代表大會]]常務委員會第十九次會議通過嘅《全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定》第七條 {{quote|各級人民政府及有關部門要採取積極措施，在促進互聯網的應用和網絡技術的普及過程中，重視和支持對網絡安全技術的研究和開發，增強網絡的安全防護能力。有關主管部門要加強對互聯網的運行安全和信息安全的宣傳教育，依法實施有效的監督管理，防范和制止利用互聯網進行的各種違法活動，為互聯網的健康發展創造良好的社會環境。從事互聯網業務的單位要依法開展活動，發現互聯網上出現違法犯罪行為和有害信息時，要採取措施，停止傳輸有害信息，並及時向有關機關報告。任何單位和個人在利用互聯網時，都要遵紀守法，抵制各種違法犯罪行為和有害信息。人民法院、人民檢察院、公安機關、國家安全機關要各司其職，密切配合，依法嚴厲打擊利用互聯網實施的各種犯罪活動。要動員全社會的力量，依靠全社會的共同努力，保障互聯網的運行安全與信息安全，促進社會主義精神文明和物質文明建設。}} *《中國互聯網行業自律公約》第十條 {{quote|互聯網接入服務提供者應對接入的境內外網站信息進行檢查監督，拒絕接入發布有害信息的網站，消除有害信息對我國網絡用戶的不良影響。}} *根據公安部33號令《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》第五條規定 {{quote|第五條 任何單位和個人不得利用國際聯網制作、複制、查閱和傳播下列信息：<br /> （一）煽動抗拒、破壞憲法和法律、行政法規實施的；<br /> （二）煽動顛覆國家政權，推翻社會主義制度的；<br /> （三）煽動分裂國家、破壞國家統一的；<br /> （四）煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結的；<br /> （五）捏造或者歪曲事實，散布謠言，擾亂社會秩序的；<br /> （六）宣揚封建迷信、淫穢、色情、賭博、暴力、凶殺、恐怖，教唆犯罪的；<br /> （七）公然侮辱他人或者捏造事實誹謗他人的；<br /> （八）損害國家機關信譽的；<br /> （九）其他違反憲法和法律、行政法規的。 }} 所以就導致喺互聯網上查閱違法信息亦為違法[http://news.xinhuanet.com/it/2004-09/05/content_1945402.htm]。而呢啲被稱為「法律」嘅文件，本身存喺合法性爭議問題。 ;法律、法規禁止嘅網絡內容同網絡行為 #反對憲法確定嘅基本原則嘅； #危害國家統一、主權同領土完整嘅； #煽動抗拒、破壞憲法同法律、行政法規實施嘅； #泄露國家秘密，危害國家安全或者損害國家榮譽同利益嘅； #煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結，或者侵害民族風俗、習慣嘅； #破壞國家宗教政策，宣揚邪教、迷信嘅； #散布謠言，擾亂社會秩序，破壞社會穩定嘅； #宣傳淫穢、賭博、暴力或者教唆犯罪嘅； #侮辱或者誹謗他人，侵害他人合法權益嘅； #危害社會公德或者民族優秀文化傳統嘅； #損害國家機關信譽嘅； #煽動非法集會、結社、遊行、示威、聚眾擾亂社會秩序嘅； #以非法民間組織名義活動嘅； #含有法律、行政法規禁止嘅其他內容嘅。 == 中國網絡審查嘅措施 == 1995年以來，[[中國大陸]]已經頒布咗60多項法規嚟規範互聯網活動。喺[[2000年代]]初政治狀況比較敏感嘅時期，政府要求網管對[[法輪功]]同[[六四]]等題材嘅政治網站進行嚴格封鎖，對國內日益泛濫嘅色情信息反而重未顯示出足夠嘅關心同重視。自[[2004年]]中，呢種情況開始有所改變，有關當局開始大力打擊網上色情。 === 行政手段 === ==== 國家工作人員對內容進行監控 ==== 由政府下轄公安部門（主要係[[網警]]）、國家安全部門、新聞管理部門、通信管理部門、文化管理部門、廣播電影電視部門、出版部門、保密等部門嘅工作人員監控著大陸嘅[[論壇]]、[[博客|網誌]]、[[網絡聊天室|聊天室]]同私人嘅[[即時通訊]]、[[電子郵件]]等互聯網資訊，通常使用域名劫持、關鍵字過濾、網絡嗅探、網關IP封鎖、電子數據取證等技術來過濾、獲取有關情報信息；對過濾內容進行判斷，嚴格禁止、刪除「有害」信息；查禁、封堵同阻斷可能會「利用互聯網造謠、誹謗或者發表、傳播嘅有害信息」。 例如：「煽動顛覆國家政權、推翻[[社會主義]]制度」、「煽動分裂國家、破壞國家統一」、「煽動民族仇恨、民族歧視，破壞民族團結」、「竊取、泄露國家秘密」等「有害」信息；邪教、淫穢類信息同埋其它「有害信息」等。 同時對特定人群實行網絡監視，並後台阻斷敏感人士嘅網絡通信。 ==== 實施行政處罰同司法追究 ==== 各國都對違反網絡相關法律進行處罰同追究，但中國相對更嚴厲，唔單只係發表、制作政府認為不良信息嘅人會面臨處罰，甚至閱覽相關信息者亦可能會被行政處罰<ref>四川某市警方通過於2004年8月9號從省公安廳網監處同浙江省杭州市網監支隊獲得嘅線索，於8月10號查清該兩個分別於2004年3月21號同2004年7月11號登錄浙江一色情淫穢網站，查閱、瀏覽色情淫穢圖片並喺該網站上留言嘅上網賬號嘅用戶資料，並掌握咗大量相關證据，抓獲咗韓某、鍾某兩名違法嫌疑人。[http://news.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2004-08/25/content_1879691.htm]。</ref>，並引發中國國內嘅爭議。同時，由於發表或傳播網絡言論、信息而入獄者（見[[#因中國網絡審查被捕同判刑公民|下文]]）亦係世界最多。 ==== 政府及網評員引導網上輿論 ==== 除咗被動噉封網之外，中國政府亦大力發展官方網站，積極進行網上宣傳。香港城市大學嘅李金銓教授說，中國全部網站嘅10%係由政府直接建立同經營嘅，各級政府建立咗多個主要新聞網站。 由半公開同公開（好似[[江蘇]][[宿遷市]]）嘅消息，政府招收[[網絡評論員]]，由佢哋以普通網友嘅身份，引導「正確導向」，普及「黨同政府嘅方針政策」。 但係，有時佢哋寫出來嘅文章會受到其他網友嘅反對，被其他網友稱之為「五毛黨」。 ==== 聘請網絡監督員、微博編輯、網絡保安進行網絡監控 ==== 2006年5月，有關部門開始招募網絡監督員，佢哋定期接受相關部門嘅指導，利用業餘時間監察網絡出現嘅「不文明行為、違法同不良信息」，及時通過電話、電子郵件、不定期參加會議等方式向相關單位提出監察意見。[http://it.people.com.cn/GB/42891/42894/4374397.html][http://net.china.com.cn/ggl/txt/2007-04/24/content_1557576.htm] 另外部分網絡安全保安分公司招收網絡保安員，網絡保安並無執法權，主要通過網絡監控，為服務單位及時刪除各種不良信息，及時叫停違法行為，向網監部門報警。[http://it.sohu.com/20060115/n241440004.shtml][http://news.163.com/06/0706/04/2LAPD5EO0001124J.html] ==== 實名制與備案 ==== {{main|中國網絡實名制}} 早喺1997年12月11號國務院批准1997年12月30號公安部發布嘅《計算機信息網絡國際聯網安全保護管理辦法》中，第十一條明確規定「用戶在接入單位辦理入網手續時，應當填寫用戶備案表。備案表由公安部監制。」喺1999年下半年——中國大陸喺第一次互聯網高潮時，相關規定開始咗執行，要求通過ISP接入互聯網嘅個人同單位喺公安部門備案，留存個人同單位信息（喺呢個時間之前只係喺ISP留存），或者相關信息由ISP向公安部門提交[http://home.donews.com/donews/article/9/98738.html]。2002年后好長嘅時間入邊，相關備案嘅執行弱化。喺2006年7月，[[重慶市]]公安局出台咗《關於加強國際聯網備案管理的通告》，要求喺屋企上網須向公安機關備案，如果唔係輕則將被警方警告，重則將被停機半年[http://tech.china.com/zh_cn/news/net/156/20060707/13454298.html]。雖然早有相關規章依據，但喺新一波嘅網絡言論收縮嘅背景下，呢個規定引發極大嘅關注以及爭議。可能係迫於輿論壓力，呢個《通告》喺之後嘅審核中未予通過。 對網絡接入、網吧、信息發布網站、電子郵件甚至游戲等要求實名備案。特別係2005年2月份以來，信息產業部要求境內所有網站主辦者必須通過為網站提供接入、托管、[[虛擬主機]]等服務嘅[[IDC]]、ISP來備案登記，或者登錄[http://www.miibeian.gov.cn/ 信息產業部備案網站]自行備案。無論係企、事業單位網站，或者係個人網站，都必須喺備案時提供有效證件號碼。 喺中華人民共和國境內提供經營性同非經營性互聯網信息服務，必須以實名制履行備案手續。未經備案，唔可以喺中華人民共和國境內從事互聯網信息服務。 ==== 約束ISP、ICP ==== 以法規嘅形式要求[[互聯網服務提供商]]（ISP）[[互聯網內容提供商]]（ICP）不得制作、複制、發布、傳播任何「有害」信息。如有發現，應當立即停止傳輸，保存有關記錄，並向國家有關機關報告。 ==== 網吧管理 ==== 中國大陸要求網吧上網者實名登記，同時要求網吧必須安裝「網吧安全管理軟件」。 由國務院制定條例要求網吧經營者： #建立場內巡查制度，發現上網消費者嘅違法行制止並向文化行政部門、公安機關舉報。 #核對、登記並保存上網消費者嘅有效身份證件同記錄有關上網信息。　　 ==== 網絡舉報 ==== 各級政府同部門都紛紛建立舉報網站及電話，用來接收對政治、色情暴力等有社會危害內容嘅網站進行舉報。例如[http://www.mps.gov.cn/ 公安部]公開嘅舉報電話係010-65283344、010-65207655，舉報網站係http://www.cyberpolice.cn ；中國互聯網協會嘅違法同不良信息舉報中心http://net.china.cn/chinese/index.htm 。 但係截至2006年4月24號，公安部嘅舉報網站上面只能看到寥寥可數嘅幾條消息，呢個一方面可能係由於網站缺乏適當維護，另一方面可能係當局唔願意公開有關消息。而中國互聯網協會嘅網站則有較多關於已關閉網站嘅消息。 === 技術手段 === 中國嘅網絡審查技術已發展到咗一個非常成熟嘅地位，通過多手段、多途徑、多層次、分布式嘅處理，實現咗國家級網關嘅IP封鎖、主幹路由嘅內容監測、域名劫持、內容發布過濾、訪問過濾等功能，將大多數網民能接觸到嘅信息控制喺一個較嚴格嘅水平上。對呢啲審查技術嘅''反審查技術參見[[突破網絡審查]]''。 各種技術手段如下： *國家入口網關嘅IP封鎖 *主幹路由器關鍵字過濾阻斷 *域名劫持 :''(以上三類參見'''[[防火長城]]''')'' *內容發布過濾 :呢啲係一種預審行為嘅技術，即係過濾詞，例如[[網絡論壇|論壇]]、[[聊天室]]、[[QQ]]、[[TOM-SKYPE]]等嘅網站或軟件對[[防火長城關鍵字列表|關鍵字]]進行預先過濾、延后發布、警告等。 *客戶端訪問過濾 :「網吧安全管理軟件」之類嘅軟件能過濾50多萬帶有[[色情]]同埋認為含有違法嘅內容而被禁止訪問嘅網站等等。 == 喺商業機構出現嘅政治審查 == 中國政府採用[[思科系統公司|思科]]、北方電訊、Sun、3COM同微軟等西方大公司提供嘅技術來封鎖網絡，並命令網絡公司幫助政府過濾「敏感」言論。 微軟喺中國嘅MSN博客空間設置咗過濾器，Google喺其新聞頻道嘅中國大陸版上拿掉咗被中國政府封閉網站內容嘅存檔，Google喺2006年1月推出咗 Google.cn ，任何有違背中國政府嘅內容都被過濾。雅虎中國更被指幫助中國當局調查網上異見人士（睇[[師濤]]「非法向境外提供國家機密」案）。 除此之外，亦有唔少公司主動配合。 喺2021年3月，BBC中文網亦訪問咗一個曾經喺微博做過內容審查工作嘅人，佢話自己感覺其實唔係咁好，但入面好多人都只係搵飯食冇乜感覺。呢啲人做審查唔需要乜嘢培訓或者指導手冊，因為喺中國長大嘅人都會明白乜嘢為之中國版政治正確，有時上層亦會指明一啲關鍵字要刪除或者唔可以出街<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/56348346|title=中國網絡審查內幕：一個前任微博審查員的自述|work=BBC News 中文|access-date=2021-03-21|language=zh-hant}}</ref>。 另一個例子係字節跳動旗下嘅TikTok，佢哋嘅內容管理員，名義上係進行內容優化，其實已經係將政治審查放咗落去流程入面<ref name=":0" />。 == 中國網絡審查目標嘅現實局限 == 有意見認為，中國網絡審查中嘅有下邊呢啲嘅難點<ref>[[網監]]花費咗一年多時間才抓到咗只有[[小學]]文化水平嘅[[色情網站]]《情色六月天》、《九九情色論壇》嘅站長王勇</ref>： ; 租用國外[[伺服器]]，無法直接查封查辦。 *境外伺服器租用費用低廉，而且IP技術複雜，譬如[[動態網]]採用「動態IP」技術。而家網監對於這類網站只能用[[防火長城]]封網站域名同逮捕人喺境內嘅站長，對於身喺境外嘅站長無可奈何，亦有認為中共實施咗其它手段<ref>法輪功聲稱中共「派[[特務]]採用‘[[黑社會]]’手段進行打砸」境外嘅站長。[[花園網]]技術總監李淵被打傷，法輪功對外稱係「中共特務所為」[http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/nf3402.htm]。</ref>。 *目前針對IP技術複雜：主要採取會員門戶網站封堵形式，推廣終端過濾軟件<ref name="client">{{引網 |url=http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2007年8月4號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630081434/http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html |archive-date=2007年6月30號 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。 ; 「封網經費」遭[[貪污]]，封網工作滯後。 *「封網經費」從中央到地方嘅落實工作，出現咗「層層剝削」嘅貪污[[腐敗]]情況，經費喺中央落來到地方經過幾個局基本上無幾多錢能夠到地方「基層」嘅網監手裏頭，造成咗基層真正管網監嘅監察人員能動性降低，監察效率降低。 ; 網監人手不足，一個人管上千人上網。 *一般一個地方當網監嘅只有上百人，無法對大量嘅上網人群嘅監察做到全面審查，會出現一個人管上千人嘅情況，噉樣難免會有網友成功瀏覽還沒被屏蔽嘅網站而不被網絡監察人員審查。 ;對加密內容無能為力 *[[https]]加密技術瀏覽網頁：對[[加密|加密算法]]嘅支持，實現咗用戶瀏覽網頁嘅加密。GFW對噉樣嘅對策係實行https證書過濾，不過只對少數網站實行，包括維基百科。 *[[即時通訊]]/聊天軟件：[[Skype]]官方國際版（不包括中文版嘅Tom-Skype），呢個軟件嘅特色就係「文字聊天內容加密」，網監無辦法直接監察用戶聊天內容。[[MSN]]、[[QQ]]等不加密通訊嘅即時通訊軟件皆喺網監人員直接審查之下<ref name="client" />。 *[[中國互聯網協會]]通過對視頻聊天網站、即時通訊工具夜查與監控，顯示有大量違法內容嘅有「碧聊」、「好聊」、「E話通」、「[[Vagaa|Vagaa哇嘎嘎]]」與「PP點點通」等[http://news.163.com/07/0604/23/3G698N5H000120GU.html]。呢啲被點名嘅軟件目前已經或曾經連接困難、無法使用<ref name="client" />。 ; 非常規審查難度大，[[破網軟件]]嘅廣泛傳播。 : *計算機[[網絡安全]]中[[加密]]技術被破網組織應用於其開發嘅軟件上，造成咗網監不解密就無法直接審查用戶瀏覽內容嘅困難。 *電子郵件審查：主要係依賴防火長城嘅關鍵字封鎖，但因為破網組織發送郵件時將「敏感文字」拆開或加入標點符號，所以重係有大量破網組織嘅[[垃圾郵件]]發送到網友郵箱中嘅。 *各類[[破網軟件]]喺網友間廣泛傳播：譬如[[無界瀏覽]]同[[自由門]]，造成網監無法咗解使用破網軟件用戶喺瀏覽什么內容，網監對此沒有太多辦法，只係由技術人員喺每年嘅[[六四事件]]紀念期間加大對破網軟件封鎖嘅力度，而極景公司對呢件事嘅回應係「無界瀏覽從來未被真正封住過」。 == 中國網絡審查嘅特點 == 與其他國家嘅[[互聯網審查]]相比，中國嘅網絡審查有四個突出嘅特點： === 預先審查 === 其他國家進行嘅網絡審查，多數通過法律方式進行，即指控信息提供者違反某一法律，然後依法加以關閉。這樣，對於不受管轄嘅其他國家嘅網站，網絡審查基本上無能為力。同大多數國家不同，中國嘅網絡審查意喺防止違規信息流入用戶終端，噉雖然不能強制其他國家網站關閉，但依然可以起到作用。 === 模糊嘅標准 === 中國網絡審查所使用嘅標准係相當模糊嘅，表現喺違法（規）嘅標准難以把握。比如到咩程度就會「危害國家統一、主權同領土完整嘅」，咩程度又會「擾亂社會秩序」，咩程度又會「破壞社會穩定」，法規上均沒有明文規定。 作為一名國內嘅網絡使用者，很難自我審查有關嘅網絡內容係唔係為「有害信息」、討論嘅內容係唔係會被有關部門認定為「國家機密」、向唔知道嘅多數人表達自己嘅主張係唔係就會構成「煽動行為」。 亦好難預測某一個網站會唔會喺某一天被列入封鎖范圍。如果被列入咗，亦好難知道確實嘅原因。除咗少數特殊嘅例子（例如Google），似乎很少有被封鎖網站解封嘅例子。當然，這種模糊性亦係相對嘅，對於若干敏感話題（比如政治、民主類話題），幾乎可以肯定，只要網站涉及咗這方面嘅內容並達到咗一定嘅人氣，就會好快被封。 === 程序不透明同缺少救濟性 === 中國嘅相當多嘅網站由於受網絡審查被關閉或刪除內容，其中部分網站所有者有异議，但難以尋求複議同訴訟嘅途徑。由於監管喺程序上缺少明確嘅界定，邊個實施處罰、被處罰違反乜嘢法律、依據乜嘢進行處罰都難以明確指認。呢種情況喺一啲學術、法律、維權網站上特別突出<ref>北京大學嘅[[一塌糊塗BBS]]被關閉，[[賀衛方]]教授反對呢個做法時，竟搵唔出下令關閉嘅「上級」係邊個（後來知道係[[北京市通信管理局]]），至今亦未公示關閉原因；2004年1月15號，北京市宣武區人民法院法院以「行政訴訟案不符合起訴條件」為理由，駁回《公民維權網》設立者李健對下令強行關閉《公民維權網》者——北京市電信管理局--嘅起訴。</ref>。 === 對政治言論較嚴格嘅限制 === 對於涉及到有關批評中國共產黨[[一黨執政]]嘅弊端，其他意識形態嘅宣傳，中共高層領導人犯錯誤嘅內容會予以一尐限制，呢種限制體現喺推行敏感詞匯過濾系統同由中共各級黨委宣傳部具體監督及執行嘅涉及政治內容嘅審核制度。各個網站（根據影響力不同）會採用或接受程度唔同嘅政治敏感詞過濾，過濾嘅結果係任何出現涉及敏感詞彙嘅言論唔可以喺網上發表或被替換發表，個人電子郵件或即時消息會被阻擋或刪除——亦包括一些同政治無關嘅內容。 根據美國[[哈佛大學]]法學院《2004－2005年中國互聯網過濾報告》，喺大陸，無法登錄嘅色情網站只係佔10%左右，亦即係話，90%嘅色情網站可以登錄，但係要登錄寫上疆獨、藏獨、六四等政治性網站就難過登天。[http://www.rfa.org/cantonese/zhuanti/redian/2005/05/23/china_internet/] 哈佛大學教授{{link-en|蓋瑞金|Gary King}}等人嘅研究表明，喺中國內地，實際上網民可以好刻薄噉鬧政府、政策同領導人而唔被審查，但係如果有關言論明顯有可能引起真實世界嘅群體事件，或者同經已發生嘅真實世界群體事件有關，噉無論事件本身性質係點，通常都會被清除<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://gking.harvard.edu/files/censored.pdf|author=Gary King ''et. al.''|title=How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression|journal=American Political Science Review}}{{en}}</ref>。例外係，直接講審查人（例如論壇管理員、貼吧吧主等等）嘅，一般會刪嗮。 == 網絡審查嘅多方立場及觀點 == === 中國政府嘅立場 === 中國政府認為由於網絡信息質量同真實性參差不齊，比如反社會主義意識形態、被認為係帶有敵意而建立嘅，具有煽動、顛覆社會主義意識形態嘅內容，喺人民嘅辨別能力唔強嘅情況下，容易受到佢影響同蠱惑；被認為容易腐蝕少年兒童心智嘅[[色情]]內容；被認為傳播邪教嘅內容。所以有必要對佢進行管理。中國政府處理呢種問題嘅主要手段係封鎖對呢啲網站嘅訪問。[[中華人民共和國外交部]]發言人話，經過外交部嘅調查，呢啲被封鎖嘅網站內容都係唔合法同唔健康嘅，所以封鎖。[[香港]][[南華早報]]曾經引用[[國安部]]官員嘅話，政府認為：爭取解除網絡封鎖嘅努力係「外國敵對勢力通過互聯網顛覆中國共產黨嘅陰謀。」通常噉樣嘅網站都會涉及[[六四事件]]、[[法輪功]]（被官方認為係[[邪教]]）、[[色情]]、[[暴力]]等，以及台灣獨立問題同埋西藏、新疆獨立問題等等。對於各界人士嘅諸多指責，政府辯解話由於中國人口眾多，喺統一管制方面有一定嘅困難，只可以用一啲被指矯枉過正嘅方法來對付網絡犯罪。 2006年10月25號，前當時新聞辦公室主任（家陣文化部主任）[[蔡武]]喺美國華盛頓發表「中國係自由、民主、法治國家，亦係全世界互聯網最自由嘅國家」等爭議性言論，相對佢嘅官員身分，引起多年來各界人士、諸多官員、媒體同民眾嘅熱議同埋批評到而家都未平息<ref>[http://blog.sina.com.tw/myplace/article.php?pbgid=10404&entryid=205117 中國時報－中國官員：中國係全世界互聯網最自由嘅國家] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915220608/http://blog.sina.com.tw/myplace/article.php?pbgid=10404&entryid=205117 |date=2016年9月15號 }}，2006年10月28號</ref>。 === 反對者嘅觀點 === 喺中國國內外，好多人認為呢啲措施太嚴厲，阻礙咗信息嘅自由流動，侵犯咗公民嘅言論、通信、知情權利，限制咗因特網本應具有嘅[[言論自由]]同[[民主]]精神，噉嘅做法會影響中國嘅互聯網發展，不利嗰啲發表獨立見解同思想嘅網站，同時呢啲做法亦迫使一些打「擦邊球」嘅網站只能通過外逃嘅方式來獲得生存空間。有人引用《[[世界人權宣言]]》 同《[[公民權利同政治權利國際公約]]》來維護網上發表文章嘅權利。 同時反對者認為，審查手段會造成災難，比如喺[[SARS事件]]初期，政府喺網絡上嚴格禁止疫情嘅發布與討論，導致疫情嘅進一步擴大同產生更多嘅傷亡。 不少法規招致批評與反對，公安部33號令第五條認為「通過互聯網……閱讀……不法……內容」為非法，由此導致兩名瀏覽黃色網站嘅人員被公安部門抓捕同處罰，這一事件引起激烈爭論，不少人認為其遠甚於[[清朝]][[文字獄]]，建議對此規定進行違憲審查[http://www.csonline.com.cn/layer/f2/t20040831_229035.htm]。 針對網吧嘅嚴格管理，許多人認為阻礙咗這一行業嘅發展同國人利用網絡嘅機會，特別係對於12點以后夜間停止營業同上網吧者必須出示身份證嘅規定，受到激烈爭議，認為噉同保護未成年人無必然因果。有言論認為一些部門為咗增加一些官方產品，例如軟件同防火用具嘅銷量而提高許可標准。規范化過程中數以萬計嘅[[網吧]]因此被關閉。 亦有意見認為，中國嘅網絡審查由於其標准嘅模糊性同預先審查，對網絡自由構成嘅威脅同其他國家實行嘅事後審查係有好大區別嘅。批評者嘅意見主要集中於預先審查，而唔係依法進行嘅對違法網站嘅懲罰同關閉行動。 === 其它人嘅觀點 === 網絡審查使互聯網內容喺一定程度上得到咗淨化，亦喺一定程度上避免咗未成年人沉迷網絡色情所造成嘅不良影響。雖然部分學術商業網站並未被封鎖，但係諸如[[CNN]]/[[BBC]]以及一啲被認為可能散布對中國中央政府不利觀點嘅新聞媒體網站無法被訪問同瀏覽亦產生咗爭議：喺呢個問題上有啲人認為，CNN/BBC等網站嘅言論有失公允，對中國嘅一些報道可能帶有偏見，係需要進行審查嘅；但亦有人認為，審查嘅同時對國人從其它觀點正常觀看新聞事件同埋相關評論造成咗極大嘅影響。 大多數中國公民認為，網絡審查係妨害個人自由嘅，係對個人人權嘅極大侵犯，但由於大陸學生習慣咗政府嘅高壓政策，喺普遍嘅、大量嘅大陸學生人群中對政治漠不關心，生活中極少有人談起政治，甚至大多數人連自己所在地嘅領導人都並唔係好清楚。所以好少有人能注意到呢種網絡審查。至於色情網站，目前測試結果係國外大多數嘅情色網站都係可以訪問嘅，被封查嘅只係政治站點。而且國內情色內容嘅主要傳播途徑係各類P2P軟件，你幾乎可以喺上面搜索到所有國外黃色網站需要付費下載嘅內容，而且呢度並唔禁止未成年人下載。由於大多數中國地區網絡對流量並未限制，所以BT等下載方式極其普遍，這喺一定程度上亦促進咗黃色內容嘅普及。 一些人認為由於各類破網軟件嘅流行，中國大陸政府一貫嘅官僚低效嘅作風亦喺一定程度上使所謂嘅網絡審查失去意義。有人認為，連網警自己都可能唔會相信呢啲審查真係有用，呢啲只係一個程序嗟。但亦有相當多嘅人認為中國政府喺嚴厲執行網絡審查，呢類審查嘅目的在於阻止大多數網民接觸當局認定唔合適嘅信息。 === 雙重標準嘅觀點 === 值得注意嘅係，一些批評者一方面批評中國執法機關嘅網絡審查，另一方面又責怪中國未對批評者反對嘅內容進行審查。例如，美國前駐華大使批評話，中國應該對網絡簽名反對日本加入安理會常任理事國嘅行為進行審查，佢甚至要求封鎖嗰啲網站。佢批評講，中國允許網絡簽名反日入常嘅網站運行同咁多人反日係具有諷刺嘅同可恥嘅[http://www.popyard.org/cgi-bin/npost.cgi?num=38855]。有人據此認為，部分批評者嘅觀點係自我矛盾嘅，佢哋採用雙重標準。對嗰啲他們支持嘅內容，如對自己或自己所支持嘅組織不利嘅，他們批評審查；對嗰啲他們反對嘅內容，如某政府迫害或鎮壓對其喺網絡中有異見人士嘅行為，佢哋就又批評唔審查。因此，呢類持有雙重標准嘅人嘅出發點值得懷疑，究竟係真係為咗網絡自由，定係別有目嘅。 但亦有人認為，這種雙重標準嘅指責係移的就矢，他們既無證明支持同反對審查嘅係同一人或組織，亦無證明支持同反對嘅係同一審查行為。亦有人認為，即使能證明這兩點，亦可提出如下辯護：如果認可咗目前無可能很快改變嘅審查嘅現實，噉由於審查本身表達咗審查者（即中華人民共和國官方）嘅觀點，就可以根據審查嘅尺度對此加以批評，跟住要求佢進行調整（噉往往涉及外交關係），但呢個同喺根本上反對審查嘅立場並唔沖突。簡而言之，呢種觀點就係：最好乜嘢網站都唔封，要封就應該對未被封而會影響外交關係嘅網站承擔起相應嘅責任，而唔係以「純粹民意唔代表政府立場」來推卸。 == 網絡審查嘅一啲個案及影響 == 中國政府對網絡內容進行審查係基於中國社會制度嘅特殊性，部分民眾對此持支持態度，同時亦有持相反意見嘅人士。喺執政黨觀點同部分民眾看來，基於維護社會政治穩定及政治不被外國各方唔同勢力影響嘅考慮，中國實行呢套制度係有一定必要性嘅，但係亦產生咗一定消極影響。喺追求言論自由嘅國內外民眾看來，由於中國係世界上僅存嘅幾個實行社會主義及一黨專政制度嘅國家，網絡審查係有意識嘅政治操縱。 === 對言論嘅審查及影響 === 北京制定咗一套要求網絡出版商自我審查嘅規定，違反規定嘅懲罰可能係關閉網站。與此同時，一些跨國公司、政府部門、大學同其它組織簽署咗由[[中國互聯網協會]]起草嘅《[[中國互聯網行業自律公約]]》。簽署者同意禁止「制作、發布或傳播危害國家安全同危害社會穩定嘅有害信息」。好多公司嘅搜尋器可以有效過濾含有「[[人權]]」、「[[法輪功]]」同「[[六四事件|1989天安門]]」等通常被北京認為具有違法內容嘅大部分網站。 === 對司法嘅影響 === 多人因喺網上發表傳播反對批判政府嘅文章、信息而被控[[煽動顛覆國家政權罪]]並逮捕。但相當多人認為煽動顛覆罪范圍過大、無煽動對象亦能入罪、相關行為如顛覆批評標准模糊、缺少司法解釋、給予政府空間過大。2001年有多人發表網絡言論因這一罪名而被逮捕，就此多位學者同律師上書人大要求限制或取消這一罪名，喺2003年，多名學者同法律人士簽名要求人大就這一罪名進行司法解釋。 === 對公民喺網絡上工作學習交流嘅影響 === [[關鍵字過濾]]，為國內嘅相當多嘅科研人員，大學師生嘅正常科研工作帶來咗好大嘅影響，正常嘅關鍵詞搜索可能被重置，並喺隨後嘅幾分鐘內相關網站被封之後冇辦法再次瀏覽到。呢啲影響被認為給經常需要到國外技術網站、搜索引擎網站、數據庫網站搜索信息嘅國內科技人員帶來咗相當大嘅困擾。為咗避免過濾系統嘅干擾，啲人諗出咗一啲對策，比如拆字法，同音異型字替代法，符號插入法等等，形成咗中國網絡上特有嘅人文景觀<ref>曾有某網友對此嘅一句調侃喺網絡廣為流傳：「不 矢口 亻十 么 日寸 候，亻奄 口斤 言兌 言侖 土云 有 辶寸 氵慮 白勺 言兌 氵去，於 是，亻奄 學 會 咗 扌斥 字。後來 ， 亻奄 米青 礻申 分 裂 咗。」（唔知幾時，俺聽說論壇有過濾嘅講法，於是，俺學識咗拆字。後嚟，俺精神分裂咗。）</ref>。 === 對往返深港學童嘅影響 === {{main|深港學生跨境上學問題}} 由於中國大陸當局封鎖連往香港嘅網站連線，對不少往返深港兩地嘅學童影響好大。佢哋喺使用深圳屋企度嘅網絡連線時，唔單只有好多網站都被屏障咗，就連學校嘅內聯網站亦喺屏障之列。由於現時香港大多數學校都要求學生登入各個[[網上學習平台]]去完成課業，呢啲屏障措施對學生嘅學習造成打擊。而學校方面，為咗適應這差異，亦要調配額外資源，讓學生喺離開學校返回內地嘅家前，能夠喺學校先行完成所有網上課業。 對於較高年級嘅學生，由於佢哋喺內地嘅連線所能夠搜尋到嘅內容比喺香港生活嘅學生為少，這亦影響到佢哋喺功課方面嘅質素：一方面佢哋嘅作業缺乏多方面嘅觀點；另一方面，內地網站嘅[[抄襲]]風氣熾烈，亦間接對學生嘅[[資訊素養]]造成不良嘅影響。 === 對香港地區嘅影響 === 因為中國大陸網絡審查嘅模糊性，中央政府對網路資訊嘅管制，被懷疑好多時候所產生嘅影響唔只對內地有效，而係不時都會影響到其他地區。例如：[[2005年]][[1月22號]]凌晨，喺香港嘅不同網路都不約而同嘅不能存取《[[大紀元時報]]》（同法輪功相關嘅報紙），而佢嘅IP位址就被挾持同重定向到其他唔相關嘅網站度（喺 i-cable 嘅線路被導往日本一家叫柴田嘅家具店，教育學院嘅線路則被導往新英格蘭一個曲棍球嘅網站），呢件事被好多香港居民認為同中央政府嘅審查有直接關係。 此外，中央方面過去曾多次為咗防止內地網民前往香港BBS或網站，從而獲得香港實況或海外事件非官方版本，曾經多次喺有爭議事件發生嗰陣(主要以香港政治事件，譬如[[香港七一遊行]]；或者國際事件中情況與中央政府所述口徑不一，如中美軍機相撞；或盛傳國內政治情況有變時)。以香港著名嘅BBS[[香港網站]]為例，有多方消息確稱於多次不同時期，由中國官方或所屬機構發出而對其伺服器及 DNS Server 進行攻擊，使內地、香港或海外嘅用戶都無法通過正常途徑連往該站。並且即使站長多次改變使用嘅線路，亦未能改善被攻擊嘅情況。部分與中央立場有異嘅香港政黨網站或中立嘅論政、新聞網站亦有相同情況。另外，喺香港亦有時無法連上 www.google.com；反而 www.google.com.hk 任何時候都可以連上。噉亦被認為與中央政府封禁與 google 協議有關，干擾咗 google.com 喺香港嘅連結。 === 被管制或限制嘅網站 === 中國嚴格限制國內一些影響穩定嘅學術、思想、維權網站，部分國內公網[[BBS]]與學術思想維權網站被關閉或限制功能，例如：2000年3月31號中國政府關閉由[[黃琦]]創辦嘅大陸網站<ref>{{引網 |url=http://64tianwang.com/ |title=《天網尋人》 |access-date=2007年8月4號 |archive-date=2007年8月24號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155136/http://64tianwang.com/ |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155136/http://64tianwang.com/ |date=2007年8月24號 }}</ref>；關閉《公民維權網》《憲政論衡》等網站；中國大陸部分高校 BBS 只對校內 IP 開放。中國亦限制咗一些有明顯過激行為嘅網站嘅活動。例如關閉咗部分激進反日網站、一些有嚴重排外傾向嘅網站、曾經喺[[1999年]]發動網民攻擊美國網站嘅[[中國黑客聯盟]]同[[中國紅客聯盟]]等。 國內好多[[色情]]嘅論壇或網站亦被取締或者被封鎖，部分人士認為佢審查力度遠不如政治網站。 所有境外嘅[[民運]]及[[法輪功]]網站、[[台灣]]嘅大多數政府網站論壇同埋部分境外宗教網站被封鎖。對產生重大影響嘅國外內容發布網站（比如[[Wiki]]、[[網志]]、[[聊天室]]、論壇、[[個人主頁]]等服務提供網站），亦成日被封鎖，或者限制同中國網絡審查有衝突嘅部份功能。例如搜索引擎 [[Google]] 喺[[2002年]]曾經一度被封鎖長達 10 日，至今部分功能如網頁快照被限制。 所有網站都受到關鍵詞過濾嘅影響，出現有時候無法訪問（比如[[Gmail]]）。呢啲過濾係雙向嘅，亦即係話，國內含有關鍵詞嘅網站喺國外訪問唔到，國外含有關鍵詞嘅網站喺國內一樣訪問唔到。 ==== 中國大陸被限制與關閉嘅嘅網站 ==== 參見：[[中華人民共和國被限制與關閉嘅網站列表]] 有較大影響嘅被關閉網站： *《天網尋人》（境外稱[http://64tianwang.com/ 六四天網]）同埋佢嘅走向論壇（[[黃琦]]主持，2000年3月31號被永久關閉）； *北京大學[[一塌糊塗BBS]]（永久關閉）； *[http://www.yannan.cn 燕南網]及其BBS喺2005年9月30號關閉； *[[世紀中國]]及其所屬嘅BBS（永久關閉）； *思想嘅境界（已關閉，南京大學李永剛建立嘅個人學術網站，作者聲稱個人原因關閉，但仍有人認為佢受到某種壓力） *學而思BBS（關閉） *憲政論衡（關閉） *公民維權網（數次被關閉） *「觀點」論壇（數次重開關閉） *中國工人網、工農兵BBS、共產黨人網，這三個左派網站喺2006年兩會前被北京市新聞辦公室網絡宣傳管理處關閉，理由係資金不足。 進行限制嘅網站： *清華大學[[水木清華BBS]]（已被限制為校內訪問，校外訪問實行實名制）； *南京大學[[南大小百合BBS]]（已被限制為校內注冊，實行實名制，校外只能瀏覽）； ==== 被限制國外網站 ==== ''參見[[防火長城#被管制同限制嘅網站不完全列表|防火長城]]相關章節'' 大多數國外政治類網站都被[[GFW|封鎖或干擾]]，引人關注嘅有： *[http://64tianwang.com 六四天網]，呢個係中國大陸首家綜合性人權組織[[中國天網人權事務中心]]官方網站。 *[http://chinadigitaltimes.net 中國數字時代]，呢個係伯克萊大學新聞學院關於中國新聞嘅集成網站。 *[[維基媒體]]嘅所有語言同所有項目網站。''參見[[中國大陸封鎖維基媒體事件]]''。 *[[Google]]嘅部分功能；Google嘅[http://googleblog.blogspot.com Blogspot域名]（抽封）。；Google收錄嘅位於[[Usenet]]上嘅部分[[新聞組]]；網頁快照功能； *[[BBC]]中文網[http://www.bbc.co.uk/chinese]；[[美國之音]][http://www.voa.gov]；[http://www.dw-world.de/chinese/ 德國之聲中文版]喺部分地區不能訪問；[[自由亞洲電台]][http://www.rfa.org]；[http://www.udn.com 聯合新聞網]（[[聯合報]]系）；[http://www.chinatimes.com 中時電子報]； *[[Flickr]] 可以登錄，但登錄後睇唔到相，據稱係由於防火牆過濾咗 Flickr 圖片顯示嘅域名 farm1.static.flickr.com 同 farm2.static.flickr.com。封禁原因目前不明，有網友猜測為成都晚報六四廣告事件同[[廈門PX項目]]游行事件所致。 === 因中國網絡審查被捕同判刑公民 === 据法國嘅[[無國界記者]](Reporters Without Borders)組織稱，因從事互聯網活動而被監禁嘅中國人目前已經從2001年時嘅3人躍升至咗2007年嘅65人[http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=119]。下面係部分因網絡言論被監禁嘅公民： ==== 2001年以及以前 ==== *[[林海]] 1998年被捕，以「煽動他人顛覆國家」罪名入獄兩年。 *[[黃琦]] 2000年6月3號被捕，判處有期徒刑5年。 *[[蔣世華]] 2000年8月16號，以「危害國家安全罪」被拘捕。2000年12月，以「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪被判處有期徒刑2年。 *[[綦彥臣]] 2000年9月被判「顛覆顛覆國家政權」罪，判入獄四年。 ==== 2002年 ==== *[[劉荻]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[吳一然]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[李毅斌]] 2002年11月9號以涉嫌參加「非法組織」被捕及超期羈押，2003年11月28號出獄、免被起訴 *[[歐陽懿]]自2002年12月拘留 ==== 2003年 ==== *[[陶海東]] 2003年1月「煽動顛覆國家政權」七年有期徒刑。 *[[蔡陸軍]] 2003年3月3號被「批捕」，後嚟用涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪起訴，判刑三年。 *[[羅永忠]] 2003年10月因煽動顛覆國家政權罪被判處有期徒刑三年。 *[[杜導斌]] 2003年10月29號被拘留，煽動顛覆罪被判四年，緩期執行。 *[[羅長福]] 2003年3月13號，因網上呼籲釋放劉荻以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」被捕，11月被判三年<ref>{{引網 |url=http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2003-03/a-2003-03-19-15-1.cfm |title=存档副本 |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628120318/http://www.voanews.com/chinese/archive/2003-03/a-2003-03-19-15-1.cfm |archive-date=2009-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。 *[[顏均]] 2003年12月8號煽動顛覆判處兩年徒刑。 *[[李志]] 2003年12月10號顛覆罪判處八年徒刑。 *[[王小寧]] 2002年9月1號因涉嫌「煽動顛覆國家政權」，被北京市國家安全局刑事拘留，2002年9月30號被逮捕。2003年9月12號，以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」 判處王小寧有期徒刑10年，剝奪政治權利兩年。 ==== 2004年 ==== *[[馬亞蓮]] 2004年3月16號被上海警察處以勞動教養一年半。 *[[趙岩]] 2004年9月17號被中國國安局以泄露國家機密罪逮捕，至2005年12月未判決，重關押緊。 *[[鄭貽春]] 2004年12月3號被捕。2005年9月22號以"煽動顛覆國家政權罪"，判處有期徒刑7年，剝奪政治權利3年。 *[[師濤]] 2004年11月24號被捕，最后以"非法向境外提供國家機密"罪判處10年有期徒刑。 ==== 2005年 ==== *[[張林]] 2005年7月28號判決有期徒刑5年。 *[[李建平]] 2005年5月26號被拘留，6月30號以「涉嫌誹謗」為由被批捕，後更改為「涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪」。 *[[許萬平]] 2005年4月30號被刑事拘留，2005年12月21號因顛覆國家政權罪，判處有期徒刑十二年，剝奪政治權利四年。 *[[任自元]]2005年5月10號喺江蘇省南通市被拘留，2005年6月17號以涉嫌顛覆國家政權罪逮捕。2006年3月17號以顛覆國家政權罪被判處有期徒刑10年，剝奪政治權利三年。 *[[李元龍]]（筆名：夜狼）因涉嫌煽動顛覆國家政權罪於2005年9月9號被貴州省國家安全廳刑事拘留，2005年9月23號被貴州省國家安全廳監視居住，2005年9月28號經貴州省人民檢察院決定批捕，2006年7月13號被當地法院判處有期徒刑兩年。 ==== 2006年 ==== *[[5月12號]]河北維權人士[[郭起真]]被警方逮捕，8月底以喺網站發表文章涉嫌「煽動顛覆國家政權」正式起訴。 *[[8月11號]]，[[昝愛宗]]因網上發文關注蕭山事件，被杭州當地公安以「散布謠言」行政拘留7日。 *[[10月25號]]，[[李建平]]被山東省淄博市法院以「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪名判刑3年。 *[[8月15號]]，[[高智晟]]被秘密拘捕，[[9月21號]]，以「煽動顛覆國家政權罪」被正式拘捕。[[12月21號]]，北京市第一中級人民法院以煽動顛覆國家政權罪判處高智晟有期徒刑三年、緩刑五年。 *[[9月6號]]，[[張建紅]]被「煽動顛覆國家政權」罪刑事拘留，[[2007年]][[1月12號]]不公開審理，一審判處六年徒刑。 == 註 == {{Refs|}} == 睇埋 == *[[網絡內容審查]] [[言論自由]] [[新聞自由]] *[[中國網絡實名制]] [[防火長城]] [[防火長城關鍵字一覽]] [[金盾工程]] [[公共信息網絡安全監察]] [[突破網絡審查]] *[[網絡警察]] [[網絡評論員]] [[網絡特務]] *[[中華人民共和國人權]] *[[中華人民共和國查禁出版物一覽]] *[[中華人民共和國查禁電影電視一覽]] *[[中華人民共和國對外黑客攻擊]] *[[中華人民共和國對外宣傳]] == 連出去 == {{wikinews|中國大陸外用戶訪問國內帶有敏感詞嘅網頁可能會被重置連接}} * [http://www.china.org.cn/chinese/zhuanti/192893.htm 中國互聯網管理法律法規一覽] * [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/channel1/10/20001229/365770.html 全國人大常委會關於維護互聯網安全的決定] * [http://www.phoenixtv.com/phoenixtv/83931288825757696/20060509/792817.shtml 中國網絡管理現狀調查] * [[北京市新聞出版局]]（版權局）：[http://www.bjppb.gov.cn/articledetail.jsp?id=11746107950001&currTitle=%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB 我市互聯網出版監管系統硬件設備部署完畢 監管能力和信息化水平大幅提高]、[http://www.zgc-dzc.gov.cn/cmstc.jsp?title=%E6%8B%9B%E6%8A%95%E6%A0%87%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF&uri=/root/qymh/ztbxx/1155543610734 北京市新聞出版局北京互聯網出版監管系統政府採購項目公開招標] *[http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/2/5/27/n192649.htm 誰失去了中國的互聯網？] * [http://internetfreedom.org/gb/articles/1051.html 言論自由與中國互聯網]網絡自由同盟 * [http://www.dajiyuan.com/gb/nf2852.htm 中共網絡封鎖技術漫談] * [http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/jccic/02/ab/s2-09c.htm 范傑臣《從多國網路內容管制政策談台灣網路規範努力方向》·摘要]…[http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/jccic/02/fu/2-09.pdf 全文] * [http://www.zhengqing.net.cn/2003-04/30/content_1897279.htm 方漢奇專論：法輪功與互聯網] * [http://talk.blogbus.com/logs/2005/10/1533271.html 網站被封了怎么辦？] * [http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ctdeo/article?mid=66 突破封鎖Yahoo!Messenger] * [http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/software/0,2000064574,20111187,00.htm 中共：我們真的沒有檢查網路啦] {{翻牆技術}} [[Category:互聯網審查]] [[類:中華人民共和國]] dvy1p2046mo8dld5vrebow05l4fti7c 0 7714 2416289 2282429 2026-06-04T22:56:19Z ~2026-33255-17 338799 2416289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DayInfo|6|4}} == 大件事 == * [[1926年]]：[[伊格納齊·莫希齊茨基]]做[[波蘭]]總統。 * [[1928年]]：[[張作霖]]响[[瀋陽]]皇姑屯火車站被[[日本]][[關東軍]]炸死，史稱[[皇姑屯事件]]。 * [[1989年]]：[[中國人民解放軍]]戒嚴部隊開入[[北京]][[天安門廣場]]，鎮壓持續50日嘅[[八九民運|學生運動]]，史稱[[六四事件]]。 * 1989年：[[伊朗總統]][[哈梅內伊]]獲推選為[[伊朗最高領袖]]。 * 1989年：[[波蘭]]第一次民主選舉。 * [[1991年]]：[[新華社]]發出簡短電訊，指「[[林彪、江青反革命集團]]」主犯[[江青]]喺保外就醫期間，喺嗰年5月14號凌晨喺北京嘅住所自殺死。 * [[2011年]]：[[李娜 (網球手)|李娜]]响[[法國網球公開賽]]贏咗[[舒亞雲妮]]得女子單人賽冠軍，係史上第一個亞洲同中國人贏法網女單。 * [[2020年]]：[[香港立法會]]以41票贊成、1票反對三讀通過《[[國歌條例]]》。 * [[2021年]]：[[2021年英國女王因病去世謠言]]。 * [[2022年]]：{{Link-zh|貴廣客運專線D2809次列車出軌事故}}，[[司機]]楊勇[[殉職]]，另有13傷。 * [[2025年]]：喺先前一日[[第21屆韓國總統選舉]]贏咗嘅[[李在明]]就職[[大韓民國總統]]。 == 響呢日出世嘅人 == * [[1738年]]：[[佐治三世]]，[[大不列顛王國]]兼[[愛爾蘭王國]]君主，任內兩個王國合併（1820年死） * [[1841年]]：[[昃臣]]，[[香港上海滙豐銀行]]總司理人（1915年死） * [[1855年]]：[[犬養毅]]，[[日本首相]]（1932年死） * [[1867年]]：[[馬達漢]]，芬蘭總統（1951年死） * [[1923年]]：[[百合子]]，[[日本皇室]]，原名高木百合子（2024年死） * [[1924年]]：[[丹尼斯威化]]，美國演員（2006年死） * [[1928年]]：[[田豐 (演員)]]，香港同臺灣演員，本名田毓錕（2015年死） * [[1935年]]：[[蕭逸]]，臺灣武俠小說作家，原名蕭敬人（2018年死） * [[1936年]]：[[布魯斯丹]]，美國演員 * [[1943年]]：[[梓美千代]]，日本歌手同演員（2020年死） * [[1944年]]：[[許冠武]]，香港生意人，做過電影幕後 * [[1952年]]：[[科莫羅夫斯基]]，波蘭總統 * 1952年：[[蔡英文 (學者)]]，臺灣學者（2019年死） * [[1953年]]：[[郭美江]]，臺灣牧師（2020年死） * 1953年：[[渡邊三男]]，日本足球員 * [[1959年]]：[[胡瓜]]，臺灣主持人，原名胡自雄 * [[1960年]]：{{Link-zh|葛平}}，中國配音員 * 1960年：[[姜起潤]]，南韓政治人 * [[1962年]]：[[何君堯]]，香港律師、區議員、立法會議員、[[新界原居民]] * [[1970年]]：[[川島透]]，日本足球員（2024年死） * [[1971年]]：[[約瑟夫卡比拉]]，剛果民主共和國總統 * [[1973年]]：[[齋藤盛泰]]，日本足球員 * [[1975年]]：[[安祖蓮娜祖莉]]，美國電影演員 * [[1976年]]：[[阿力西·拿華連兒]]，俄羅斯政治人同律師（2024年死） * 1976年：[[尼納德·芝莫尼治]]，塞爾維亞網球員 * [[1979年]]：[[高原直泰]]，日本足球員 * 1979年：[[吉川由彌]]，日本配音員 * [[1981年]]：[[阮慧珊]]，香港歌手 * [[1982年]]：[[歐陽靖]]，香港藝人 * 1982年：[[杉本圭]]，日本足球員 * [[1983年]]：[[白靜]]，中國演員（2012年死） * 1983年：[[伊保爾]]，象牙海岸足球員 * 1983年：[[原拓也]]，日本足球員 * [[1984年]]：[[平林輝良寛]]，日本足球員 * 1984年：[[富樫豪]]，日本足球員 * 1984年：[[楊丞琳]]，臺灣歌手 * [[1985年]]：[[淺利遼太]]，日本配音員 * 1985年：[[普度斯基]]，德國足球員 * [[1987年]]：[[簡妤芯]]，臺灣舞蹈員，啦啦隊組合Fubon Angels成員，藝名東東 * 1987年：[[徐頴堃]]，香港藝人，2011年[[溫哥華華裔小姐競選]]冠軍 * 1987年：[[中村祐輝]]，日本足球員 * [[1988年]]：[[永木亮太]]，日本足球員 * [[1990年]]：[[阪野豐史]]，日本足球員 * [[1991年]]：[[林志堅]]，德國足球員 * 1991年：[[八島莎拉拉]]，日本配音員 * [[1992年]]：[[石堂圭太]]，日本足球員 * 1992年：[[阪口萌乃]]，日本足球員 * [[1993年]]：[[下地紫野]]，日本配音員同歌手 * 1993年：[[遊馬將也]]，日本足球員 * [[1994年]]：[[安芸銀治]]，日本足球員 * 1994年：[[小林千晃]]，日本配音員 * 1994年：[[鄧佳華]]，臺灣網絡人物 * 1994年：[[堤亞高達羅薩維艾拉]]，巴西足球員（2016年死） * [[1995年]]：[[進昂平]]，日本足球員 * [[1996年]]：[[岩武克彌]]，日本足球員 * [[1998年]]：[[羅拔甘尼]]，波蘭足球員 * 1998年：[[鄭叡仁]]，南韓歌手，組合{{Link-ko|러블리즈}}成員 * [[1999年]]：[[宮本駿晃]]，日本足球員 * [[2000年]]：[[榎本樹]]，日本足球員 * [[2001年]]：[[久保建英]]，日本足球員 * [[2002年]]：[[許軼]]，香港藝人，組合[[COLLAR]]成員 == 響呢日死嘅人 == * [[257年]]：[[樂綝]]，[[曹魏]]將軍 * [[1039年]]：[[康拉德二世 (神聖羅馬帝國)]]，[[神聖羅馬帝國皇帝]] * [[1615年]]：[[豐臣秀賴]]，日本藩主 * [[1680年]]：[[德川家綱]]，日本[[江戶幕府]]將軍 * [[1798年]]：[[乍哥莫·卡沙諾華]]，[[威尼斯共和國]]冒險家同作家 * [[1862年]]：[[陳玉成]]，[[太平天國]]英王 * [[1876年]]：[[阿卜杜拉-阿齊茲一世]]，[[鄂圖曼帝國]][[蘇丹 (稱呼)|蘇丹]] * [[1887年]]：[[威廉惠勒]]，[[美國副總統]] * [[1918年]]：[[查理斯費爾班克斯]]，美國副總統 * [[1928年]]：[[吳俊陞]]，[[中華民國]]北洋時期軍政人物 * 1928年：[[張作霖]]，奉系軍閥首領，[[北洋政府]]國家元首 * [[1931年]]：[[胡辛·本·阿里]]，[[麥加]]嘅[[謝里夫]]同[[埃米爾]]，創立[[漢志王國]] * [[1941年]]：[[威廉二世 (德國)]]，[[德意志帝國]]末代皇帝，發動[[第一次世界大戰]] * [[1966年]]：[[張勉]]，南韓教育家同政治人 * [[1997年]]：[[黃秉槐]]，香港工程師，[[香港市政局]]、立法局議員 * [[2000年]]：[[加納孝]]，日本足球員 * [[2001年]]：[[狄潘德拉]]，尼泊爾王 * 2001年：{{Link-zh|盧嘉錫|卢嘉锡}}，[[中國科學院]]前院長、[[中國農工民主黨]]中央委員會前主席 * [[2002年]]：[[貝勞德]]，秘魯總統 * [[2004年]]：[[安東尼史蒂芬]]，意大利／巴西演員、編劇同製片 * [[2005年]]：{{Link-zh|釋印順|释印顺}}，臺灣僧侶 * [[2013年]]：[[羅美珍]]，中國超級人瑞 * [[2014年]]：[[何佐芝]]，香港企業家，創辦[[香港商業電台]]、[[佳藝電視]]同佳訊傳呼（[[佳訊控股]]嘅子公司） * [[2017年]]：[[張天福]]，中國茶學專家 == 節慶、風俗習慣 == * [[受侵略戕害的無辜兒童國際日]] * {{TON}} 獨立日 == 出面網頁 == {{日子連結}} 68bqks95gqybh6ycl5z749j7c8q6shk 0 14467 2416469 2260305 2026-06-05T06:07:24Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beratungs-_und_Verkaufsausstellung_"Der_elektrische_Haushalt"_der_Metallgroßhandlung_Erwin_Vogt_in_der_Kieler_Straße_25_in_Gaarden_(Kiel_35.591).jpg | thumb | right | 電器]]'''專門店'''，係[[鋪頭]]嘅一種。一般賣嘅[[嘢]]只有一種，好似賣[[刀]]嘅專門店，不過，專門店勝在同一種嘢都有好多唔同嘅款式，同埋通常好了解各樣嘢嘅特質。 [[Category:店鋪攤檔]] {{Retail-company-stub}} 93ukfuz4xvthfauefb3rh80zif5pjs8 0 17741 2416251 2149181 2026-06-04T15:37:24Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hans_Baluschek_Montagmorgen.jpg | thumb | right | 朝早]]'''星期一'''，又叫'''禮拜一'''，喺[[天主教]]又叫'''曕禮二'''，指嘅係上一個星期日之後、星期二之前嘅嗰[[一日]]，係一個[[星期]]嘅第一或者第二日。 {{commonscat|Monday}} {{星期}} [[Category:時間]] [[Category:星期]] [[Category:日子]] hb5v8w2pdyqb34b7pjfg2rzw9esk6ij 0 22344 2416431 918869 2026-06-05T04:02:09Z HenryLi 14 修 2416431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = 長尾獼猴 / 食蟹獼猴 | status = LR/nt | trend = unknown | image = Macaque_Eating_Ice_Cream.jpg | image_width = 250px | regnum = [[動物門]] | phylum = [[脊索動物門]] | classis = [[哺乳綱]] | ordo = [[靈長目]] | familia = [[Cercopithecidae]] | genus = ''[[Macaque|Macaca]]'' | species = '''''M. fascicularis''''' | binomial = ''Macaca fascicularis'' | binomial_authority = [[Thomas Stamford Raffles|Raffles]], 1821 }} '''長尾獼猴'''（''Macaca fascicularis''），又叫'''食蟹獼猴'''，[[馬騮]][[物種]]，原生[[東南亞]]。 == 食啲乜 == 雖然又叫'''食蟹獼猴'''，但佢嘅餐單中無[[蟹]]。 == 生活習性 == [[File:Monkey batu.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[馬來西亞]]黑風洞嘅長尾獮猴]] 適應能力好強，可以喺[[森林]]、草原甚至[[濕地]]生活。日頭出沒，屬於[[羣居動物]]，羣體數量多到百隻。一般以年長做亞頭。喺[[亞洲]]部分地方因為成日走去人哋啲農田偷地，視為害獸。 == 學名 == 長尾獼猴嘅學名係''Macaca fascicularis''。''Macaca''嚟自[[葡萄牙文]] ''macaco''，呢個字係由''makaku''衍生出嚟。a [[Fiot]]（[[西非]]語言）字（''kaku'' means '[[馬騮]]' in Fiot）. ''Fascicularis''係[[拉丁文]] 'a small band'。[[Thomas Stamford Raffles|Sir Thomas Raffles]]響1821年為呢種[[馬騮]]改學名。 響[[印尼]]，''M. fascicularis'' 同其他[[獼猴]]品種亦被稱為''kera''，可能係因為當佢哋遇到危險時會發出"krra! krra!"嘅叫聲。 == 保育狀況 == 長尾獼猴響[[靈長類]]中，分佈區域第3最大（僅次[[人]]同[[獼猴]]）。 == 亞種 == 佢哋有至少10個唔同嘅[[亞種]]： * 食蟹獼猴，''Macaca fascicularis fascicularis'' * [[緬甸長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis aurea'' * [[Nicobar長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis umbrosa'' * [[黑冠長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis atriceps'' * [[Con Song長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis condorensis'' * [[Simeulue長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis fusca'' * [[Lasia長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis lasiae'' * [[Maratua長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis tua'' * [[Kemujan長尾獮猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis karimondjawae'' * [[菲律賓長尾獼猴]]，''Macaca fascicularis philippinensis'' == 攷 == * 《香港獼猴》ISBN 962-07-5396-8 * 《香港陸上哺乳動物圖鑑》ISBN-13 978-988-211-331-2，ISBN-10 988-211-331-1 * 《野生動物報導文學系列：走樣的臉孔》 ISBN 962-86308-3-0 == 睇埋 == * [[香港哺乳動物]] [[Category:猴科]] [[Category:IUCN無危物種]] {{哺乳動物楔}} dz5s12rtudxse8seroe3nc9lczs8w2v 0 30728 2416343 2408473 2026-06-05T01:54:36Z HenryLi 14 修 2416343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{唔係|呼吸作用|氣體交換}} [[File:Diaphragmatic breathing.gif|thumb|哺乳動物用肺去唞氣]] '''唞氣'''（{{jpingauto|tau2 hei3}}），[[動物]][[生理現象]]，包括[[人]]。身體同外界環境[[氣體交換|交換氣體]]，[[吸氣]]呼氣，所以又叫'''呼吸'''（{{jpingauto|fu1 kap1}}）。 [[哺乳動物]]同雀，用[[肺]]去唞氣，其他有唔同方法。 所有[[有氧呼吸|需氧]]生物都需要氧氣嚟做[[細胞呼吸]]，[[細胞呼吸]]會由氧氣同嚟自[[食物]]嘅分子嘅反應度提取能量，並且產生二氧化碳作為[[廢物|廢物產品]]。呼吸，又叫做體外呼吸，將[[地球大氣層|空氣]]帶入肺部，喺嗰度，氣體交換會喺[[肺泡]]入面透過[[擴散]]發生。身體嘅[[循環系統]]將呢啲氣體運送到細胞同埋由細胞運走，[[呼吸 (生理學)|細胞呼吸]]就喺細胞入面發生。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=John|title=Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology|date=2011|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn=978-1-4160-4574-8|page=5|edition=12th}}</ref><ref name="Pocock2">{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology: the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n328 311]|edition=3rd}}</ref> 所有有肺嘅[[脊椎動物]]嘅呼吸都包含重複嘅[[吸氣]]同[[呼氣]]週期，透過一個高度分支嘅管道系統或者[[呼吸道]]，呢啲管道由鼻腔通到肺泡。<ref name="Pocock">{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology: the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n337 320]|edition=3rd}}</ref> 每分鐘嘅呼吸週期次數就係呼吸或者[[呼吸率]]，而且係生命嘅四個主要[[生命徵象]]之一。<ref>{{cite web|title=Vital Signs 101|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/vital_signs_body_temperature_pulse_rate_respiration_rate_blood_pressure_85,P00866/|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|date=14 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> 喺正常情況下，呼吸深度同埋速率係自動同埋無意識噉俾幾個[[體內平衡|穩態機制]]控制，呢啲機制保持動脈血液入面[[分壓]]嘅[[二氧化碳]]同[[氧氣]]恆定。喺各種各樣嘅[[生理學|生理]]情況下保持動脈血液入面二氧化碳嘅分壓不變，對[[酸鹼平衡|嚴格控制細胞外液嘅pH值]]有重大貢獻。過度呼吸 ([[換氣過度]]) 會增加動脈二氧化碳嘅分壓，導致細胞外液嘅pH值升高。另一方面，呼吸不足 ([[換氣不足]]) 會降低動脈二氧化碳嘅分壓，並且降低細胞外液嘅pH值。兩者都會引起令人痛苦嘅症狀。 呼吸仲有其他重要功能。佢提供咗一個機制嚟做[[說話]]、[[笑]]同埋類似嘅情感表達。佢都用嚟做[[反射]]，例如[[打呵欠]]、[[咳嗽反射|咳]]同埋[[打乞嗤]]。因為缺乏足夠嘅[[汗腺]]，所以唔能夠透過[[出汗]]嚟[[體溫調節]]嘅動物，可能會透過喘氣時蒸發嚟散熱。 ==力學== {{Further|呼吸肌肉}} {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | header = 肋骨嘅「泵柄」同「桶柄運動」 | width1 = 200 | image1 = ribcage during inhalation.jpg | caption1 = [[呼吸肌肉|吸氣肌肉]]喺擴張[[胸廓]]方面嘅作用。「[[泵柄運動]]」係呢度示範嘅特定動作。 | width2 = 200 | image2 = Costillas (gray).png | caption2 = 喺呢個胸廓視圖入面，可以清楚睇到下肋骨由中線向外向下傾斜嘅斜度。呢個斜度容許類似「泵柄效應」嘅運動，但喺呢種情況下，佢叫做「[[桶柄運動]]」。 }} {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = top | header = 呼吸 | width2 = 200 | image2 = Forceful breathing.jpg | caption2 = 用力呼吸（吸氣同呼氣）嘅肌肉。顏色代碼同左邊嘅一樣。除咗橫膈膜更加用力同埋廣泛嘅收縮之外，肋間肌仲有吸氣輔助肌肉嘅幫助嚟誇大肋骨向上嘅運動，從而令到胸廓更大程度噉擴張。喺呼氣期間，除咗吸氣肌肉放鬆之外，腹肌仲會主動收縮，將胸廓嘅下緣向下拉，從而減少胸廓嘅體積，同時將橫膈膜向上推入胸腔深處。 | width1 = 200 | image1 = Quiet breathing.jpg | caption1 = 休息時呼吸嘅肌肉：左邊係吸氣，右邊係呼氣。收縮嘅肌肉用紅色表示；放鬆嘅肌肉用藍色表示。[[胸膈膜|橫膈膜]]嘅收縮通常對胸腔（淺藍色）嘅擴張貢獻最大。但係，與此同時，肋間肌向上拉肋骨（佢哋嘅作用用箭頭表示），都令到[[胸廓]]喺吸氣期間擴張（睇吓另一版嘅圖）。喺呼氣期間，所有呢啲肌肉嘅放鬆令到胸廓同腹部（淺綠色）彈性噉返回到佢哋嘅靜止位置。將呢啲圖同頁面頂部嘅MRI影片比較吓。 }} [[肺]]本身係冇辦法膨脹嘅，而且只有當[[胸腔]]嘅體積增加嘅時候先會膨脹。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology : the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n333 316]|edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Levitzky2013_1">{{cite book|last1=Levitzky|first1=Michael G.|title=Pulmonary physiology|url=https://archive.org/details/pulmonaryphysiol0008levi|date=2013|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-179313-1|page=Chapter 1. Function and Structure of the Respiratory System|edition=Eighth}}</ref> 喺人類，好似其他[[哺乳動物]]噉，呢個主要係透過[[胸膈膜|橫膈膜]]嘅收縮嚟實現，但都透過[[肋間肌]]嘅收縮，肋間肌將[[胸廓#功能|胸廓]]向上向外拉，就好似右邊嘅圖表顯示噉。<ref name=tortora1>{{cite book |last1= Tortora |first1= Gerard J. |last2=Anagnostakos|first2=Nicholas P.| title=Principles of anatomy and physiology |url= https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat05tort |url-access= registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat05tort/page/556 556–582]|edition= Fifth |location= New York |publisher= Harper & Row, Publishers|date= 1987 |isbn= 978-0-06-350729-6 }}</ref> 喺用力吸氣期間（右邊嘅圖），[[呼吸輔助肌肉|吸氣輔助肌肉]]，將肋骨同[[胸骨]]連接到[[頸椎]]同埋顱底，喺好多情況下，透過連接到[[鎖骨]]嘅中間附件，誇大[[泵柄運動]]同[[桶柄運動]]（睇吓左邊嘅插圖），令到胸腔體積產生更大嘅變化。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺呼氣期間（呼氣），喺休息嘅時候，所有吸氣肌肉都會放鬆，令到胸部同腹部返回到一個叫做「靜止位置」嘅位置，呢個位置係由佢哋嘅解剖彈性決定嘅。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺呢個時候，肺入面包含咗[[功能餘氣量]]嘅空氣，喺成年人入面，容量大約係2.5–3.0公升。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺劇烈呼吸期間（[[呼吸過速]]），例如喺運動期間，呼氣係由所有吸氣肌肉放鬆引起嘅，（同休息時嘅方式一樣），但係，除咗噉之外，腹肌唔再係被動，而係強烈收縮，導致胸廓被向下（前面同側面）拉。<ref name=tortora1 /> 呢個唔單止縮細咗胸廓嘅大細，仲將腹腔器官向上推向橫膈膜，結果橫膈膜深深噉凸入胸腔。呼氣末期嘅肺容量而家比靜止嘅「功能餘氣量」少。<ref name=tortora1 /> 但係，喺正常嘅哺乳動物入面，肺係冇辦法完全排空嘅。喺成年人入面，喺最大程度呼氣之後，肺入面總係仲會剩低至少一公升嘅殘餘空氣。<ref name=tortora1 /> [[橫膈膜呼吸]]會導致腹部有節奏噉凸出同埋縮返入去。所以，佢通常俾人叫做「腹式呼吸」。呢啲術語通常可以互換使用，因為佢哋描述嘅係同一個動作。 當吸氣輔助肌肉被激活嘅時候，尤其係喺[[呼吸困難]]期間，鎖骨會向上拉，就好似上面解釋嘅噉。呢種使用吸氣輔助肌肉嘅外部表現有時俾人叫做[[鎖骨呼吸]]，尤其係喺[[哮喘]]發作同埋患有[[慢性阻塞性肺病]]嘅人身上見到。 ==空氣通道== {{Main|呼吸道}} [[File:Inhalation and Exhalation Diagram.jpg|thumb|呢個圖表顯示吸氣同呼氣點樣俾各種肌肉控制，以及從整體角度嚟睇係點樣嘅。]] ===上呼吸道=== [[File:Nose in cold weather.gif|thumb|吸入嘅空氣會俾濕潤、溫暖嘅鼻黏膜加溫同埋濕潤，鼻黏膜因此會冷卻同乾燥。當嚟自肺部嘅溫暖、潮濕嘅空氣透過鼻子呼出嘅時候，寒冷、吸濕嘅黏液會喺寒冷乾燥嘅鼻子入面重新捕獲一啲嚟自呼出空氣嘅熱量同水分。喺非常寒冷嘅天氣入面，重新捕獲嘅水可能會導致「流鼻水」。]] 理想情況下，空氣應該首先[[強制性鼻呼吸|透過鼻呼出，然後透過鼻吸入]]。<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watso |first=Joseph C. |last2=Cuba |first2=Jens N. |last3=Boutwell |first3=Savannah L. |last4=Moss |first4=Justine E. |last5=Bowerfind |first5=Allison K. |last6=Fernandez |first6=Isabela M. |last7=Cassette |first7=Jessica M. |last8=May |first8=Allyson M. |last9=Kirk |first9=Katherine F. |date=2023-11-21 |title=Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults |url=https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023? |journal=American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |volume=325 |issue=6 |pages=R797–R808 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023 |issn=0363-6119|pmc=11178300 }}</ref> [[鼻腔]]（喺[[鼻孔]]同[[咽]]之間）係相當窄嘅，首先係因為俾[[鼻中隔]]分成兩部分，其次係因為[[外側 (解剖學)|外側]]壁有幾個縱向嘅褶皺或者叫做[[鼻甲]]嘅架子，<ref name="grays" /> 因此，當空氣被吸入（同呼出）嘅時候，[[鼻黏膜]]嘅大面積就會暴露喺空氣入面。呢個會令到吸入嘅空氣從濕潤嘅[[黏液]]度吸收水分，並且從下面嘅血管度吸收熱量，因此，當空氣到達[[喉]]嘅時候，空氣幾乎飽和咗[[水蒸氣]]，而且幾乎達到體溫。<ref name=tortora1 /> 部分水分同埋熱量會喺呼氣期間，當呼出嘅空氣喺鼻道入面部分乾燥、冷卻嘅黏液表面移動嘅時候被重新捕獲。黏性嘅黏液仲會捕捉到好多吸入嘅顆粒物，阻止佢哋到達肺部。<ref name=tortora1 /><ref name=grays>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Peter L |last2=Warwick |first2=Roger |last3=Dyson|first3=Mary |last4=Bannister |first4=Lawrence H. |title=Gray's Anatomy| pages=1172–1173, 1278–1282 |location=Edinburgh|publisher=Churchill Livingstone | edition=Thirty-seventh |date=1989|isbn= 0443-041776 }}</ref> ===下呼吸道=== [[File:illu quiz lung05.jpg|thumb|left|240px|'''下呼吸道'''：{{ordered list |[[脊椎動物氣管|氣管]] |[[主支氣管|主幹支氣管]] |[[次級支氣管|葉支氣管]] |[[三級支氣管|節段支氣管]] |[[細支氣管]] |[[肺泡管]] |[[肺泡]]}}]] 典型嘅哺乳動物呼吸系統嘅解剖結構，喺通常列為「上呼吸道」（鼻腔、咽同喉）嘅結構之下，通常俾人描述為'''呼吸樹'''或者'''氣管支氣管樹'''（左邊嘅圖）。較大嘅呼吸道會產生分支，呢啲分支比產生分支嘅「樹幹」呼吸道稍微窄啲，但係數量更多。人類嘅呼吸樹平均可能包含23個噉樣嘅分支，分支成逐漸變細嘅呼吸道，而[[老鼠]]嘅呼吸樹最多有13個噉樣嘅分支。近端分支（最接近樹頂嘅分支，例如氣管同支氣管）主要功能係將空氣傳輸到下呼吸道。後期分支，例如呼吸性細支氣管、肺泡管同肺泡，就專門用於[[氣體交換]]。<ref name=tortora1 /><ref name=gilroy>{{cite book|last1=Gilroy|first1=Anne M.|last2=MacPherson|first2= Brian R.|last3= Ross|first3=Lawrence M.|title= Atlas of Anatomy|publisher=Thieme|location=Stuttgart|date=2008|pages=108–111|isbn=978-1-60406-062-1}}</ref> 氣管同埋主支氣管嘅第一部分喺肺部之外。「樹」嘅其餘部分喺肺部入面分支，最終延伸到[[肺]]嘅每個部分。 肺泡係「樹」嘅盲端終點，意思係任何進入肺泡嘅空氣都必須以佢進入嘅同一種方式離開。噉樣嘅系統會產生[[死腔 (生理學)|死腔]]，呢個術語係指喺吸氣結束時充滿呼吸道嘅空氣體積，而且喺下一次呼氣期間會唔改變噉呼出，從未到達肺泡。同樣，死腔喺呼氣結束時會充滿肺泡空氣，呢啲空氣係喺吸氣期間首先被吸返肺泡嘅空氣，喺之後嘅新鮮空氣之前。典型成年人嘅死腔體積大約係150毫升。 ==氣體交換== {{Main|氣體交換}} 呼吸嘅主要目的係更新肺泡入面嘅空氣，等[[氣體交換]]可以喺血液入面發生。肺泡血液同埋肺泡空氣入面氣體分壓嘅平衡係透過[[擴散#擴散與整體流動|擴散]]發生嘅。喺呼氣之後，成年人嘅肺入面仍然包含2.5–3公升嘅空氣，即係佢哋嘅[[功能餘氣量]]或者FRC。喺吸氣嘅時候，只有大約350毫升嘅新嘅、溫暖嘅、濕潤嘅大氣空氣被帶入，而且同FRC充分混合。因此，喺呼吸週期期間，FRC嘅氣體成分變化好少。呢個意味住肺毛細血管血液總係同肺入面相對恆定嘅空氣成分平衡，而且同動脈血氣嘅擴散速率喺每次呼吸都保持同樣恆定。因此，身體組織唔會暴露喺呼吸週期引起嘅血液入面氧氣同二氧化碳張力嘅大幅波動入面，而且[[周邊化學感受器|周邊]]同[[中樞化學感受器]]只係量度溶解氣體嘅逐漸變化。因此，呼吸速率嘅穩態控制只係取決於動脈血液入面氧氣同二氧化碳嘅分壓，噉樣亦都可以維持血液嘅[[酸鹼平衡|恆定pH值]]。<ref name=tortora1 /> ==控制== {{Main|呼吸嘅控制}} 呼吸嘅速率同埋深度係自動噉俾[[呼吸中樞]]控制，[[呼吸中樞]]會接收嚟自[[周邊化學感受器|周邊]]同[[中樞化學感受器]]嘅信息。呢啲[[化學感受器]]會持續監測動脈血液入面二氧化碳同氧氣嘅分壓。第一批傳感器係[[延髓]]嘅[[腦幹]]表面嘅中樞化學感受器，佢哋對[[pH]]值以及血液同[[腦脊液]]入面嘅二氧化碳分壓特別敏感。<ref name=tortora1 /> 第二組傳感器量度動脈血液入面嘅氧氣分壓。後者一齊叫做周邊化學感受器，佢哋位於[[主動脈體]]同[[頸動脈體]]入面。<ref name=tortora1 /> 嚟自所有呢啲化學感受器嘅信息會傳遞到[[腦橋]]同[[延髓]]嘅[[呼吸中樞]]，[[呼吸中樞]]會通過調整呼吸嘅速率同深度嚟響應動脈血液入面二氧化碳同氧氣分壓嘅波動，噉樣做可以將二氧化碳嘅分壓恢復到5.3 kPa（40 mm Hg），pH值恢復到7.4，同埋喺較小程度上，氧氣嘅分壓恢復到13 kPa（100 mm Hg）。<ref name=tortora1 /> 例如，[[體能鍛煉|運動]]會增加活動肌肉產生二氧化碳嘅量。呢啲二氧化碳會擴散到靜脈血液入面，最終提高動脈血液入面嘅二氧化碳分壓。腦幹上面嘅二氧化碳化學感受器會立即感知到呢個情況。呼吸中樞會響應呢個信息，令到呼吸嘅速率同深度增加到噉嘅程度，以至於動脈血液入面嘅二氧化碳同氧氣分壓幾乎立即返回到同休息時相同嘅水平。呼吸中樞透過運動神經同呼吸肌肉溝通，其中[[膈神經]]（支配橫膈膜）可能係最重要嘅。<ref name=tortora1 /> 自動呼吸可以喺有限嘅程度上俾簡單嘅選擇覆蓋，或者為咗方便[[人類游水|游水]]、[[說話]]、[[唱歌]]或者其他[[聲樂]]訓練。抑制呼吸嘅衝動到缺氧嘅程度係唔可能嘅，但係訓練可以提高屏住呼吸嘅能力。[[意識呼吸]]練習已經證明可以促進放鬆同埋減輕壓力，但係未經證實具有任何其他健康益處。<ref name=acs>{{cite book |publisher=[[美國癌症協會]] |title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies |edition=2nd |year=2009 |isbn=9780944235713 |editor=Ades TB |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/72 72–74] |chapter=Breathwork |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/72 }}</ref> 仲有其他自動呼吸控制反射。將面部，尤其係面部浸入冷水入面，會觸發一種叫做[[潛水反射]]嘅反應。<ref name="pann">{{cite journal|pmc=3768097|year=2013|last1=Michael Panneton|first1=W|title=The Mammalian Diving Response: An Enigmatic Reflex to Preserve Life?|journal=Physiology|volume=28|issue=5|pages=284–297|doi=10.1152/physiol.00020.2013|pmid=23997188}}</ref><ref name="Physiology and Pathophysiology">{{cite journal |title=The physiology and pathophysiology of human breath-hold diving |url=http://jap.physiology.org/content/106/1/284 |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |volume=106 |issue=1 |date=1 January 2009 |pages=284–292 |doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.90991.2008 |pmid=18974367 |first1=Peter |last1=Lindholm |first2=Claes EG |last2=Lundgren |access-date=4 April 2015 |archive-date=2015年5月15號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515013832/http://jap.physiology.org/content/106/1/284 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 呢個反應嘅初步結果係關閉呼吸道，防止水湧入。[[代謝率]]會減慢。呢個反應同埋去到四肢同腹腔內臟動脈嘅強烈血管收縮結合埋一齊，幾乎完全為咗心臟同大腦保留喺潛水開始時血液同肺入面嘅氧氣。<ref name="pann" /> 潛水反射係企鵝、海豹同鯨魚呢啲需要經常潛水嘅動物入面經常使用嘅反應。<ref name=pmid15233163>{{cite journal |vauthors=Thornton SJ, Hochachka PW |title=Oxygen and the diving seal |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=81–95 |year=2004 |pmid=15233163 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6520 |access-date=2008-06-14 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211020631/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6520 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name=pmid2800051>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zapol WM, Hill RD, Qvist J, Falke K, Schneider RC, Liggins GC, Hochachka PW |title=Arterial gas tensions and hemoglobin concentrations of the freely diving Weddell seal |journal=Undersea Biomed Res |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=363–73 |date=September 1989 |pmid=2800051 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2531 |access-date=2008-06-14 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211020626/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2531 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> 佢喺非常年幼嘅嬰兒同細路仔入面都比喺大人入面更加有效。<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=21881008|year=2012|last1=Pedroso|first1=F. S.|title=The diving reflex in healthy infants in the first year of life|journal=Journal of Child Neurology|volume=27|issue=2|pages=168–71|last2=Riesgo|first2=R. S.|last3=Gatiboni|first3=T|last4=Rotta|first4=N. T.|doi=10.1177/0883073811415269|s2cid=29653062}}</ref> {{-}} ==成分== {{Further|大氣化學}} [[File:Bakó Árpád - Milagro (Santana Tribute) együttes, Miskolc, 2015.02.07 (8).JPG|thumb|繼承上面嘅圖表，如果喺寒冷同[[潮濕]]嘅環境入面，呼出嘅空氣係透過口呼出嘅，[[水蒸氣]]會[[凝結]]成可見嘅[[雲]]或者[[霧]]。]] 吸入嘅空氣體積百分比係78% [[氮氣]]、20.95% 氧氣同埋少量其他氣體，包括[[氬氣]]、二氧化碳、[[氖氣]]、[[氦氣]]同[[氫氣]]。<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|title=Earth Fact Sheet|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|publisher=NASA|access-date=2025年3月17號|archive-date=2013年5月8號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508021904/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 呼出嘅氣體體積百分比有4%到5%係二氧化碳，比吸入量增加咗大約一百倍。氧氣嘅體積減少咗大約四分之一，佔總空氣體積嘅4%到5%。典型嘅成分係：<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = A Textbook of Biology |first1=P. S. |last1=Dhami |first2=G. |last2=Chopra |first3=H. N. |last3=Shrivastava|publisher = Pradeep Publications|year = 2015|location = Jalandhar, Punjab|pages = V/101}}</ref> * 5.0–6.3% 水蒸氣 * 79% 氮氣 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6h4jxs/revision/3|title=Gas exchange in the lungs - Respiratory system - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision|website=BBC Bitesize}}</ref> * 13.6–16.0% 氧氣 * 4.0–5.3% 二氧化碳 * 1% 氬氣 * [[百萬分率|百萬分之幾]] (ppm) 嘅 [[氫氣]]，嚟自大腸入面微生物嘅代謝活動。<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/1752-7155/2/4/046002|title=Implementation and interpretation of hydrogen breath tests|year=2008|last1=Eisenmann|first1=Alexander|last2=Amann|first2=Anton|last3=Said|first3=Michael|last4=Datta|last4=Bettina|last5=Ledochowski|first5=Maximilian|journal=Journal of Breath Research|volume=2|issue=4|page=046002|pmid=21386189|bibcode=2008JBR.....2d6002E|s2cid=31706721 }}</ref>{{clarify|train=睇起嚟呢度應該有個數字，但係冇。如果只係「幾ppm」，就明確噉講|date=2023年9月}} * ppm 嘅 [[一氧化碳]]，嚟自 [[血紅素]] 蛋白質嘅降解。{{clarify|train=睇起嚟呢度應該有個數字，但係冇。如果只係「幾ppm」，就明確噉講|date=2023年9月}} * 4.5 ppm 嘅 [[甲醇]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Turner C|title=A longitudinal study of methanol in the exhaled breath of 30 healthy volunteers using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS|journal=Physiological Measurement|volume=27|issue=7|pages=637–48|pmid=16705261|year=2006|doi=10.1088/0967-3334/27/7/007|bibcode=2006PhyM...27..637T|s2cid=22365066}}</ref> * 1 ppm 嘅 [[氨]]。 * 微量幾百種[[揮發性有機化合物]]，尤其係 [[異戊二烯]] 同 [[丙酮]]。某啲有機化合物嘅存在表明疾病。<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00127-9|pmid=10410929|title=Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans|journal=Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications|volume=729|issue=1–2|pages=75–88|year=1999|last1=Phillips|first1=Michael|last2=Herrera|first2=Jolanta|last3=Krishnan|first3=Sunithi|last4=Zain|first4=Mooena|last5=Greenberg|first5=Joel|last6=Cataneo|last6=Renee N.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/014001|title=A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body|year=2014|last1=De Lacy Costello|first1=B.|last2=Amann|first2=A.|last3=Al-Kateb|first3=H.|last4=Flynn|first4=C.|last5=Filipiak|first5=W.|last6=Khalid|first6=T.|last7=Osborne|last7=D.|last8=Ratcliffe|last8=N. M.|journal=Journal of Breath Research|volume=8|issue=1|page=014001|pmid=24421258|bibcode=2014JBR.....8a4001D|s2cid=1998578 }}</ref> 除咗空氣之外，練習[[技術潛水]]嘅[[水底潛水|水底潛水員]]可能會呼吸富氧、缺氧或者富氦嘅[[呼吸氣體]]混合物。氧氣同[[鎮痛]]氣體有時會俾接受醫療護理嘅病人使用。[[太空衣]]入面嘅大氣係純氧氣。但係，為咗調節吸氣速率，佢哋嘅壓力會保持喺地球大氣壓力嘅20%左右。{{Citation needed|date=2021年1月}} ==環境氣壓嘅影響== ===喺高海拔地區呼吸=== {{See also|高海拔對人體嘅影響}} [[File:Altitude and air pressure & Everest.jpg|thumb|圖4 大氣壓力]] [[大氣壓力]]會隨住海拔（高於海平面嘅高度）嘅增加而降低，由於肺泡透過開放嘅呼吸道同外界空氣連通，因此肺入面嘅壓力亦都以相同嘅速率隨住海拔嘅升高而降低。喺高海拔地區，同喺海平面一樣，仍然需要壓力差嚟驅動空氣進出肺部。喺高海拔地區呼吸嘅機制基本上同喺海平面呼吸嘅機制相同，但係有以下差異： 大氣壓力隨住海拔嘅升高呈指數級下降，大約每升高{{convert|5500|m|ft}}海拔就會減半。<ref name=altitude>{{cite web|url=http://www.altitude.org/calculators/air_pressure.php|title=Online high altitude oxygen calculator|publisher=altitude.org|access-date=15 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729214053/http://www.altitude.org/calculators/air_pressure.php|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> 但係，由於天氣嘅持續混合效應，大氣空氣嘅成分喺80公里以下幾乎保持不變。<ref name = tyson /> 因此，空氣中氧氣嘅濃度（每升空氣中嘅mmol O₂）會以同大氣壓力相同嘅速率下降。<ref name = tyson>{{cite book |last1=Tyson |first1=P.D.|last2=Preston-White|first2=R.A. |title=The weather and climate of Southern Africa. |location=Cape Town |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2013| pages= 3–10, 14–16, 360|isbn=9780195718065 }}</ref> 喺海平面，[[環境壓力]]大約係100 [[帕斯卡 (單位)|kPa]]，氧氣佔大氣嘅21%，氧氣嘅分壓（{{math|''P''_O₂}}）係21 kPa（即100 kPa嘅21%）。喺[[珠穆朗瑪峰]]嘅頂峰，{{convert|8848|m|ft}}，嗰度嘅總大氣壓力係33.7 kPa，氧氣仍然佔大氣嘅21%，但係佢嘅分壓只有7.1 kPa（即33.7 kPa嘅21% = 7.1 kPa）。<ref name = tyson /> 因此，喺高海拔地區呼吸，為咗喺俾定嘅時間入面吸入相同量嘅氧氣，必須吸入比海平面更大體積嘅空氣。 喺吸氣期間，空氣會喺通過鼻子同[[咽]]，然後進入肺泡之前被加溫並且[[水蒸氣壓|水蒸氣]]飽和。水嘅「飽和」蒸氣壓只取決於溫度；喺37 °C嘅核心體溫下，佢係6.3 kPa（47.0 mmHg），唔理任何其他影響，包括海拔。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Diem |first1=K. |last2=Lenter| first2= C.|title=Scientific Tables| location=Basle, Switzerland|publisher=Ciba-Geigy |date=1970|edition=7th| pages= 257–8 }}</ref> 因此，喺海平面，吸入嘅「氣管」空氣（喺吸入嘅空氣進入肺泡之前）包含：水蒸氣（{{math|''P''_H₂O}} = 6.3 kPa）、氮氣（{{math|''P''_N₂}} = 74.0 kPa）、氧氣（{{math|''P''_O₂}} = 19.7 kPa）同微量二氧化碳同其他氣體，總共100 kPa。喺乾燥空氣入面，海平面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 係21.0 kPa，相比之下，氣管空氣入面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 係19.7 kPa（[100 – 6.3] 嘅 21% = 19.7 kPa）。喺珠穆朗瑪峰頂峰，氣管空氣嘅總壓力係33.7 kPa，其中6.3 kPa 係水蒸氣，將氣管空氣入面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 降低到 5.8 kPa（[33.7 – 6.3] 嘅 21% = 5.8 kPa），超出咗單純由大氣壓力降低造成嘅影響（7.1 kPa）。 喺吸氣期間將空氣推入肺部嘅[[壓力梯度]]亦都會因為海拔嘅升高而降低。將肺部嘅體積增加一倍會令到任何海拔高度嘅肺部壓力減半。海平面嘅氣壓（100 kPa）會產生 50 kPa 嘅壓力梯度，但喺 5500 米嘅高度做同樣嘅嘢，嗰度嘅大氣壓力係 50 kPa，將肺部嘅體積增加一倍只會產生 25 kPa 嘅壓力梯度。喺實踐中，因為我哋以溫和嘅週期性方式呼吸，產生嘅壓力梯度只有 2–3 kPa，所以呢個對流入肺部嘅實際速率影響好細，而且可以通過稍微深呼吸嚟輕鬆補償。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koen |first1=Chrisvan L. |last2=Koeslag |first2=Johan H. | title=On the stability of subatmospheric intrapleural and intracranial pressures |journal= News in Physiological Sciences | date=1995 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=176–8 |doi=10.1152/physiologyonline.1995.10.4.176 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=West |first1=J.B. |title=Respiratory physiology: the essentials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsRqAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-683-08940-0 |publisher=Williams & Wilkins |date=1985| pages= 21–30, 84–84, 98–101 }}</ref> 高海拔地區空氣嘅較低[[黏度]]令到空氣更容易流動，呢個亦都有助於補償任何壓力梯度嘅損失。 以上所有低氣壓對呼吸嘅影響通常都係通過增加呼吸分鐘通氣量（每分鐘吸入——或呼出——嘅空氣體積）嚟適應嘅，噉做嘅機制係自動嘅。所需嘅確切增加量取決於[[體內平衡#血液氣體水平|呼吸氣體穩態機制]]，[[呼吸氣體穩態機制]]調節動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 同 {{math|''P''_CO₂}}。呢個[[體內平衡|穩態機制]]優先調節動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 而唔係海平面嘅氧氣。亦即係話，喺海平面，喺好多情況下，動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 都保持喺非常接近 5.3 kPa（或 40 mmHg）嘅水平，但係犧牲咗動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}}，喺引起矯正性通氣反應之前，動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 容許喺非常廣泛嘅數值範圍內變化。但係，當大氣壓力（以及因此大氣 {{math|''P''_O₂}}）下降到低於海平面值嘅 75% 時，氧氣[[體內平衡]]會優先於二氧化碳體內平衡。呢個切換發生喺大約 {{convert|2500|m|ft}} 嘅海拔高度。如果呢個切換發生得相對突然，喺高海拔地區嘅換氣過度會導致動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 嚴重下降，隨之而嚟嘅係[[體內平衡#血液pH值|動脈血漿嘅pH值]]升高，從而導致[[呼吸性鹼中毒]]。呢個係[[高山症|高海拔病]]嘅一個成因。另一方面，如果切換到氧氣體內平衡唔完全，噉[[缺氧 (醫學)|缺氧]]可能會令臨床情況複雜化，並可能導致致命嘅後果。 ===喺深水呼吸=== [[File:Breathing Resistance.svg|thumb|喺通過潛水調節器呼吸時嘅典型呼吸用力]] 壓力會隨住水深嘅增加而增加，大約每 10 米增加一個[[標準大氣壓]]——稍微超過 100 kPa，或者一個 [[巴 (單位)|巴]]。[[水底潛水|潛水員]]喺水底呼吸嘅空氣處於周圍水嘅環境壓力之下，呢個會產生複雜嘅生理同生物化學影響。如果管理不善，喺水底呼吸壓縮氣體可能會導致幾種[[潛水疾病]]，包括[[氣壓傷#肺氣壓傷|肺氣壓傷]]、[[減壓病]]、[[氮醉]]同[[氧中毒]]。呼吸加壓氣體嘅影響會因為使用一種或多種[[呼吸氣體|特殊氣體混合物]]而變得更加複雜。 空氣係由[[潛水調節器]]提供嘅，[[潛水調節器]]會將[[潛水氣瓶]]入面嘅高壓降低到環境壓力。[[調節器嘅呼吸性能]]係選擇適合[[水肺潛水#潛水類型|要進行嘅潛水類型]]嘅調節器嘅一個因素。理想嘅係，即使喺供應大量空氣嘅時候，通過調節器呼吸都需要好細力。仲建議佢平穩噉供應空氣，喺吸氣或者呼氣嘅時候唔會出現任何突然嘅阻力變化。喺右邊嘅圖入面，請注意喺呼氣時打開排氣閥時壓力嘅初始峰值，以及喺吸氣時壓力嘅初始下降好快俾[[文丘里效應]]克服，[[文丘里效應]]係設計喺調節器入面，為咗容許容易噉吸入空氣。好多調節器都有一個調節裝置嚟改變吸氣嘅容易程度，令到呼吸唔費力。 ==呼吸系統疾病== {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = 呼吸模式 | image = File:Breathing abnormalities.svg | caption = 圖表顯示正常以及唔同種類嘅病理性呼吸模式 | pronounce = | specialty = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} 異常嘅呼吸模式包括 [[庫斯莫爾呼吸]]、[[畢奧氏呼吸]] 同 [[陳-施氏呼吸]]。 其他呼吸系統疾病包括 [[氣促]] （呼吸困難）、[[喘鳴]]、[[呼吸暫停]]、[[睡眠呼吸暫停]] （最常見嘅係 [[阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停]]）、[[口呼吸]] 同埋 [[鼻鼾]]。好多疾病都同呼吸道阻塞有關。長期口呼吸可能同疾病有關。<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wollan|first=Malia|date=2019-04-23|title=How to Be a Nose Breather|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/23/magazine/how-to-be-a-nose-breather.html|access-date=2021-09-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pacheco|first1=Maria Christina Thomé|last2=Casagrande|first2=Camila Ferreira|last3=Teixeira|first3=Lícia Pacheco|last4=Finck|first4=Nathalia Silveira|last5=de Araújo|first5=Maria Teresa Martins|date=2015|title=Guidelines proposal for clinical recognition of mouth breathing children|journal=Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics|volume=20|issue=4|pages=39–44|doi=10.1590/2176-9451.20.4.039-044.oar|issn=2176-9451|pmc=4593528|pmid=26352843}}</ref> [[呼吸過淺]] 指嘅係過度 [[淺呼吸]]；[[呼吸過速]] 指嘅係由於需要更多氧氣而引起嘅快速同深呼吸，例如運動。術語 [[通氣不足]] 同 [[通氣過度]] 都分別指淺呼吸同快速深呼吸，但係喺唔適當嘅情況或者疾病下。但係，呢個區別（例如，呼吸過速同通氣過度之間嘅區別）並唔係總係遵守嘅，因此呢啲術語經常互換使用。<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |last1=Andreoli |first1=Thomas E. |display-authors=etal |publisher=Saunders |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |edition=30th |pages=887, 891, 897, 900 |location=Philadelphia, PA |url=http://dorlands.com/ |access-date=17 June 2017 |archive-date=11 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 一系列 [[呼吸測試]] 可以用嚟診斷疾病，例如飲食不耐受症。 [[鼻阻力測量法|鼻阻力測量儀]] 使用聲學技術嚟檢查通過鼻道嘅氣流。<ref>{{citation |page=101 |title=Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery |author1=E. H. Huizing |author2=J. A. M. de Groot |year=2003 |publisher=Thieme |isbn=978-1-58890-081-4}}</ref> ==社會同文化== 「精神」呢個詞嚟自 [[拉丁文]] ''spiritus''，意思係呼吸。喺歷史上，呼吸通常會根據生命力嘅概念嚟考慮。[[希伯來聖經]] 指上帝將生命嘅氣息吹入泥土入面，令亞當成為一個有生命嘅靈魂（[[nephesh]]）。佢仲指當凡人死亡嘅時候，氣息會返回上帝身邊。術語精神、[[prana]]、玻里尼西亞語嘅 [[Mana (大洋洲神話)|mana]]、希伯來語嘅 [[ruach]] 同埋心理學入面嘅 [[psyche (心理學)|psyche]] 都同呼吸嘅概念有關。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wordinfo.info/unit/2730?spage=14&letter=P|title=psych-, psycho-, -psyche, -psychic, -psychical, -psychically - Word Information|website=wordinfo.info|access-date=2025年3月17號|archive-date=2024年12月2號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202001246/https://wordinfo.info/unit/2730?spage=14&letter=P|url-status=dead}}</ref> 喺 [[太極拳]] 入面，[[有氧運動]] 同呼吸練習結合埋一齊，嚟增強 [[胸膈膜|橫膈膜肌肉]]，改善姿勢，並且更好噉利用身體嘅 ''[[氣]]''。唔同形式嘅 [[冥想]] 同 [[瑜伽]] 都提倡各種呼吸方法。一種叫做 [[內觀呼吸]] 嘅 [[佛教冥想]] 形式，意思係專注呼吸，最初係由 [[喬達摩·悉達多|佛陀]] 引入嘅。呼吸訓練被納入冥想、某啲形式嘅瑜伽（例如 [[呼吸控制法]]）同埋 [[布泰科呼吸法]]，作為哮喘同其他疾病嘅治療方法。<ref>{{cite book |author=Swami Saradananda |title=The Power of Breath: The Art of Breathing Well for Harmony, Happiness, and Health |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UQpOAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Watkins Media |isbn=978-1-84483-798-4}}</ref> 喺音樂入面，一啲 [[管樂器]] 演奏者會使用一種叫做 [[循環呼吸]] 嘅技巧。[[唱歌|歌手]] 仲依靠 [[唱歌#呼吸控制|呼吸控制]]。 同呼吸相關嘅常見文化表達包括：「唞啖氣」、「索嗮啖氣」、「靈感」、「斷氣」、「回過神」。 ===呼吸同情緒=== [[File:Austrian Future Cup 2018-11-24 Group 3 Rotation 3 Parallel bars (Martin Rulsch) 056.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|一位年輕嘅體操運動員喺表演佢嘅體操之前深呼吸。]] 某啲呼吸模式傾向於同某啲情緒一齊出現。由於呢種關係，唔同學科嘅從業者認為，佢哋可以通過採用最常同特定情緒一齊出現嘅呼吸模式嚟鼓勵特定情緒嘅發生。例如，可能最常見嘅建議係，更多噉利用橫膈膜同腹部嘅深呼吸可以鼓勵放鬆。<ref name=acs /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zaccaro|first1=Andrea|last2=Piarulli|first2=Andrea|last3=Laurino|last3=Marco|last4=Garbella|last4=Erika|last5=Menicucci|last5=Danilo|last6=Neri|last6=Bruno|last7=Gemignani|last7=Angelo|date=2018|title=How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing|journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience|volume=12|pages=353|doi=10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353|pmid=30245619|pmc=6137615|issn=1662-5161|doi-access=free}}</ref> 唔同學科嘅從業者通常會以唔同嘅方式解釋呼吸調節嘅重要性以及佢哋認為呼吸調節對情緒嘅影響。佛教徒可能會認為佢有助於促成內心平靜嘅感覺，整體療法醫師可能會認為佢鼓勵整體健康狀態<ref>{{cite book |first=Ingfried |last=Hobert |chapter=Healthy Breathing — The Right Breathing |title=Guide to Holistic Healing in the New Millennium |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OD4hAWbleV4C&pg=PA48 |year=1999 |publisher=Harald Tietze |isbn=978-1-876173-14-2 |pages=48–49}}</ref>，而商業顧問可能會認為佢可以緩解工作壓力。 ===呼吸同體能鍛煉=== 喺體能鍛煉期間，會採用更深嘅呼吸模式，嚟促進更多氧氣嘅吸收。採用更深呼吸模式嘅另一個原因係增強身體嘅核心力量。喺深呼吸嘅過程入面，胸膈膜喺核心入面採取更低嘅位置，呢個有助於產生腹內壓，從而增強腰椎嘅力量。<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://hanslindgren.com/articles/diaphragm-function-for-core-stability/ | title=Diaphragm function for core stability | first=Hans | last=Lindgren | url-status=dead }}</ref> 通常，呢個容許進行更強有力嘅身體運動。因此，喺舉起重物嘅時候，經常建議深呼吸或者採取更深嘅呼吸模式。 ==睇埋== {{Div col|colwidth=35em}} * {{annotated link|瀕死呼吸}} * {{annotated link|共濟失調性呼吸}} * {{annotated link|口臭}} * {{annotated link|呼吸氣體分析}} * {{annotated link|呼吸氣體}} * {{annotated link|碳循環}} * {{annotated link|中樞性睡眠呼吸暫停}} * {{annotated link|正常呼吸}} * {{annotated link|液體呼吸}} * {{annotated link|口呼吸}} * {{annotated link|鼻週期}} * {{annotated link|氮清洗}} * {{annotated link|強制性鼻呼吸}} * {{annotated link|呼吸適應}} {{div col end}} ==攷== {{Reflist|30em}} ==延伸閱讀== {{commons category}} {{wikiquote}} *{{Cite book |title=Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art |url=https://archive.org/details/breathnewscience0000jame |last=Nestor |first=James |publisher=Riverhead Books |year=2020 |isbn= 978-0735213616 |ref=none}} *{{cite journal |last=Parkes |first=M |title=Breath-holding and its breakpoint |journal=Exp Physiol |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |year=2006 |pmid=16272264 |doi=10.1113/expphysiol.2005.031625 |doi-access=free |ref=none}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:人體]] [[Category:氣體]] aiiddnx6rghdw8epr5y9dl20caeft8g 2416344 2416343 2026-06-05T01:56:09Z HenryLi 14 修 2416344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{唔係|呼吸作用|氣體交換}} [[File:Diaphragmatic breathing.gif|thumb|哺乳動物用肺去唞氣]] '''唞氣'''（{{jpingauto|tau2 hei3}}），[[動物]][[生理現象]]，包括[[人]]。身體同外界環境[[氣體交換|交換氣體]]，[[吸氣]][[呼氣]]，所以又叫'''呼吸'''（{{jpingauto|fu1 kap1}}）。 [[哺乳動物]]同雀，用[[肺]]去唞氣，其他有唔同方法。 所有[[有氧呼吸|需氧]]生物要[[氧氣]]做[[細胞呼吸]]，會由氧氣同嚟自[[食物]]嘅分子嘅反應度提取能量，並且產生[[二氧化碳]]作為[[廢物|廢物產品]]。呼吸，又叫做體外呼吸，將[[地球大氣層|空氣]]帶入肺部，喺嗰度，氣體交換會喺[[肺泡]]入面透過[[擴散]]發生。身體嘅[[循環系統]]將呢啲氣體運送到細胞同埋由細胞運走，[[呼吸 (生理學)|細胞呼吸]]就喺細胞入面發生。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=John|title=Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology|date=2011|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn=978-1-4160-4574-8|page=5|edition=12th}}</ref><ref name="Pocock2">{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology: the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n328 311]|edition=3rd}}</ref> 所有有肺嘅[[脊椎動物]]嘅呼吸都包含重複嘅[[吸氣]]同[[呼氣]]週期，透過一個高度分支嘅管道系統或者[[呼吸道]]，呢啲管道由鼻腔通到肺泡。<ref name="Pocock">{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology: the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n337 320]|edition=3rd}}</ref> 每分鐘嘅呼吸週期次數就係呼吸或者[[呼吸率]]，而且係生命嘅四個主要[[生命徵象]]之一。<ref>{{cite web|title=Vital Signs 101|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/cardiovascular_diseases/vital_signs_body_temperature_pulse_rate_respiration_rate_blood_pressure_85,P00866/|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|date=14 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> 喺正常情況下，呼吸深度同埋速率係自動同埋無意識噉俾幾個[[體內平衡|穩態機制]]控制，呢啲機制保持動脈血液入面[[分壓]]嘅[[二氧化碳]]同[[氧氣]]恆定。喺各種各樣嘅[[生理學|生理]]情況下保持動脈血液入面二氧化碳嘅分壓不變，對[[酸鹼平衡|嚴格控制細胞外液嘅pH值]]有重大貢獻。過度呼吸 ([[換氣過度]]) 會增加動脈二氧化碳嘅分壓，導致細胞外液嘅pH值升高。另一方面，呼吸不足 ([[換氣不足]]) 會降低動脈二氧化碳嘅分壓，並且降低細胞外液嘅pH值。兩者都會引起令人痛苦嘅症狀。 呼吸仲有其他重要功能。佢提供咗一個機制嚟做[[說話]]、[[笑]]同埋類似嘅情感表達。佢都用嚟做[[反射]]，例如[[打呵欠]]、[[咳嗽反射|咳]]同埋[[打乞嗤]]。因為缺乏足夠嘅[[汗腺]]，所以唔能夠透過[[出汗]]嚟[[體溫調節]]嘅動物，可能會透過喘氣時蒸發嚟散熱。 ==力學== {{Further|呼吸肌肉}} {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | header = 肋骨嘅「泵柄」同「桶柄運動」 | width1 = 200 | image1 = ribcage during inhalation.jpg | caption1 = [[呼吸肌肉|吸氣肌肉]]喺擴張[[胸廓]]方面嘅作用。「[[泵柄運動]]」係呢度示範嘅特定動作。 | width2 = 200 | image2 = Costillas (gray).png | caption2 = 喺呢個胸廓視圖入面，可以清楚睇到下肋骨由中線向外向下傾斜嘅斜度。呢個斜度容許類似「泵柄效應」嘅運動，但喺呢種情況下，佢叫做「[[桶柄運動]]」。 }} {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = top | header = 呼吸 | width2 = 200 | image2 = Forceful breathing.jpg | caption2 = 用力呼吸（吸氣同呼氣）嘅肌肉。顏色代碼同左邊嘅一樣。除咗橫膈膜更加用力同埋廣泛嘅收縮之外，肋間肌仲有吸氣輔助肌肉嘅幫助嚟誇大肋骨向上嘅運動，從而令到胸廓更大程度噉擴張。喺呼氣期間，除咗吸氣肌肉放鬆之外，腹肌仲會主動收縮，將胸廓嘅下緣向下拉，從而減少胸廓嘅體積，同時將橫膈膜向上推入胸腔深處。 | width1 = 200 | image1 = Quiet breathing.jpg | caption1 = 休息時呼吸嘅肌肉：左邊係吸氣，右邊係呼氣。收縮嘅肌肉用紅色表示；放鬆嘅肌肉用藍色表示。[[胸膈膜|橫膈膜]]嘅收縮通常對胸腔（淺藍色）嘅擴張貢獻最大。但係，與此同時，肋間肌向上拉肋骨（佢哋嘅作用用箭頭表示），都令到[[胸廓]]喺吸氣期間擴張（睇吓另一版嘅圖）。喺呼氣期間，所有呢啲肌肉嘅放鬆令到胸廓同腹部（淺綠色）彈性噉返回到佢哋嘅靜止位置。將呢啲圖同頁面頂部嘅MRI影片比較吓。 }} [[肺]]本身係冇辦法膨脹嘅，而且只有當[[胸腔]]嘅體積增加嘅時候先會膨脹。<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pocock|first1=Gillian|last2=Richards|first2=Christopher D.|title=Human physiology : the basis of medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-856878-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/humanphysiologyb0000poco_h3s4/page/n333 316]|edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name="Levitzky2013_1">{{cite book|last1=Levitzky|first1=Michael G.|title=Pulmonary physiology|url=https://archive.org/details/pulmonaryphysiol0008levi|date=2013|publisher=McGraw-Hill Medical|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-179313-1|page=Chapter 1. Function and Structure of the Respiratory System|edition=Eighth}}</ref> 喺人類，好似其他[[哺乳動物]]噉，呢個主要係透過[[胸膈膜|橫膈膜]]嘅收縮嚟實現，但都透過[[肋間肌]]嘅收縮，肋間肌將[[胸廓#功能|胸廓]]向上向外拉，就好似右邊嘅圖表顯示噉。<ref name=tortora1>{{cite book |last1= Tortora |first1= Gerard J. |last2=Anagnostakos|first2=Nicholas P.| title=Principles of anatomy and physiology |url= https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat05tort |url-access= registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlesofanat05tort/page/556 556–582]|edition= Fifth |location= New York |publisher= Harper & Row, Publishers|date= 1987 |isbn= 978-0-06-350729-6 }}</ref> 喺用力吸氣期間（右邊嘅圖），[[呼吸輔助肌肉|吸氣輔助肌肉]]，將肋骨同[[胸骨]]連接到[[頸椎]]同埋顱底，喺好多情況下，透過連接到[[鎖骨]]嘅中間附件，誇大[[泵柄運動]]同[[桶柄運動]]（睇吓左邊嘅插圖），令到胸腔體積產生更大嘅變化。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺呼氣期間（呼氣），喺休息嘅時候，所有吸氣肌肉都會放鬆，令到胸部同腹部返回到一個叫做「靜止位置」嘅位置，呢個位置係由佢哋嘅解剖彈性決定嘅。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺呢個時候，肺入面包含咗[[功能餘氣量]]嘅空氣，喺成年人入面，容量大約係2.5–3.0公升。<ref name=tortora1 /> 喺劇烈呼吸期間（[[呼吸過速]]），例如喺運動期間，呼氣係由所有吸氣肌肉放鬆引起嘅，（同休息時嘅方式一樣），但係，除咗噉之外，腹肌唔再係被動，而係強烈收縮，導致胸廓被向下（前面同側面）拉。<ref name=tortora1 /> 呢個唔單止縮細咗胸廓嘅大細，仲將腹腔器官向上推向橫膈膜，結果橫膈膜深深噉凸入胸腔。呼氣末期嘅肺容量而家比靜止嘅「功能餘氣量」少。<ref name=tortora1 /> 但係，喺正常嘅哺乳動物入面，肺係冇辦法完全排空嘅。喺成年人入面，喺最大程度呼氣之後，肺入面總係仲會剩低至少一公升嘅殘餘空氣。<ref name=tortora1 /> [[橫膈膜呼吸]]會導致腹部有節奏噉凸出同埋縮返入去。所以，佢通常俾人叫做「腹式呼吸」。呢啲術語通常可以互換使用，因為佢哋描述嘅係同一個動作。 當吸氣輔助肌肉被激活嘅時候，尤其係喺[[呼吸困難]]期間，鎖骨會向上拉，就好似上面解釋嘅噉。呢種使用吸氣輔助肌肉嘅外部表現有時俾人叫做[[鎖骨呼吸]]，尤其係喺[[哮喘]]發作同埋患有[[慢性阻塞性肺病]]嘅人身上見到。 ==空氣通道== {{Main|呼吸道}} [[File:Inhalation and Exhalation Diagram.jpg|thumb|呢個圖表顯示吸氣同呼氣點樣俾各種肌肉控制，以及從整體角度嚟睇係點樣嘅。]] ===上呼吸道=== [[File:Nose in cold weather.gif|thumb|吸入嘅空氣會俾濕潤、溫暖嘅鼻黏膜加溫同埋濕潤，鼻黏膜因此會冷卻同乾燥。當嚟自肺部嘅溫暖、潮濕嘅空氣透過鼻子呼出嘅時候，寒冷、吸濕嘅黏液會喺寒冷乾燥嘅鼻子入面重新捕獲一啲嚟自呼出空氣嘅熱量同水分。喺非常寒冷嘅天氣入面，重新捕獲嘅水可能會導致「流鼻水」。]] 理想情況下，空氣應該首先[[強制性鼻呼吸|透過鼻呼出，然後透過鼻吸入]]。<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Watso |first=Joseph C. |last2=Cuba |first2=Jens N. |last3=Boutwell |first3=Savannah L. |last4=Moss |first4=Justine E. |last5=Bowerfind |first5=Allison K. |last6=Fernandez |first6=Isabela M. |last7=Cassette |first7=Jessica M. |last8=May |first8=Allyson M. |last9=Kirk |first9=Katherine F. |date=2023-11-21 |title=Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults |url=https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023? |journal=American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |volume=325 |issue=6 |pages=R797–R808 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023 |issn=0363-6119|pmc=11178300 }}</ref> [[鼻腔]]（喺[[鼻孔]]同[[咽]]之間）係相當窄嘅，首先係因為俾[[鼻中隔]]分成兩部分，其次係因為[[外側 (解剖學)|外側]]壁有幾個縱向嘅褶皺或者叫做[[鼻甲]]嘅架子，<ref name="grays" /> 因此，當空氣被吸入（同呼出）嘅時候，[[鼻黏膜]]嘅大面積就會暴露喺空氣入面。呢個會令到吸入嘅空氣從濕潤嘅[[黏液]]度吸收水分，並且從下面嘅血管度吸收熱量，因此，當空氣到達[[喉]]嘅時候，空氣幾乎飽和咗[[水蒸氣]]，而且幾乎達到體溫。<ref name=tortora1 /> 部分水分同埋熱量會喺呼氣期間，當呼出嘅空氣喺鼻道入面部分乾燥、冷卻嘅黏液表面移動嘅時候被重新捕獲。黏性嘅黏液仲會捕捉到好多吸入嘅顆粒物，阻止佢哋到達肺部。<ref name=tortora1 /><ref name=grays>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Peter L |last2=Warwick |first2=Roger |last3=Dyson|first3=Mary |last4=Bannister |first4=Lawrence H. |title=Gray's Anatomy| pages=1172–1173, 1278–1282 |location=Edinburgh|publisher=Churchill Livingstone | edition=Thirty-seventh |date=1989|isbn= 0443-041776 }}</ref> ===下呼吸道=== [[File:illu quiz lung05.jpg|thumb|left|240px|'''下呼吸道'''：{{ordered list |[[脊椎動物氣管|氣管]] |[[主支氣管|主幹支氣管]] |[[次級支氣管|葉支氣管]] |[[三級支氣管|節段支氣管]] |[[細支氣管]] |[[肺泡管]] |[[肺泡]]}}]] 典型嘅哺乳動物呼吸系統嘅解剖結構，喺通常列為「上呼吸道」（鼻腔、咽同喉）嘅結構之下，通常俾人描述為'''呼吸樹'''或者'''氣管支氣管樹'''（左邊嘅圖）。較大嘅呼吸道會產生分支，呢啲分支比產生分支嘅「樹幹」呼吸道稍微窄啲，但係數量更多。人類嘅呼吸樹平均可能包含23個噉樣嘅分支，分支成逐漸變細嘅呼吸道，而[[老鼠]]嘅呼吸樹最多有13個噉樣嘅分支。近端分支（最接近樹頂嘅分支，例如氣管同支氣管）主要功能係將空氣傳輸到下呼吸道。後期分支，例如呼吸性細支氣管、肺泡管同肺泡，就專門用於[[氣體交換]]。<ref name=tortora1 /><ref name=gilroy>{{cite book|last1=Gilroy|first1=Anne M.|last2=MacPherson|first2= Brian R.|last3= Ross|first3=Lawrence M.|title= Atlas of Anatomy|publisher=Thieme|location=Stuttgart|date=2008|pages=108–111|isbn=978-1-60406-062-1}}</ref> 氣管同埋主支氣管嘅第一部分喺肺部之外。「樹」嘅其餘部分喺肺部入面分支，最終延伸到[[肺]]嘅每個部分。 肺泡係「樹」嘅盲端終點，意思係任何進入肺泡嘅空氣都必須以佢進入嘅同一種方式離開。噉樣嘅系統會產生[[死腔 (生理學)|死腔]]，呢個術語係指喺吸氣結束時充滿呼吸道嘅空氣體積，而且喺下一次呼氣期間會唔改變噉呼出，從未到達肺泡。同樣，死腔喺呼氣結束時會充滿肺泡空氣，呢啲空氣係喺吸氣期間首先被吸返肺泡嘅空氣，喺之後嘅新鮮空氣之前。典型成年人嘅死腔體積大約係150毫升。 ==氣體交換== {{Main|氣體交換}} 呼吸嘅主要目的係更新肺泡入面嘅空氣，等[[氣體交換]]可以喺血液入面發生。肺泡血液同埋肺泡空氣入面氣體分壓嘅平衡係透過[[擴散#擴散與整體流動|擴散]]發生嘅。喺呼氣之後，成年人嘅肺入面仍然包含2.5–3公升嘅空氣，即係佢哋嘅[[功能餘氣量]]或者FRC。喺吸氣嘅時候，只有大約350毫升嘅新嘅、溫暖嘅、濕潤嘅大氣空氣被帶入，而且同FRC充分混合。因此，喺呼吸週期期間，FRC嘅氣體成分變化好少。呢個意味住肺毛細血管血液總係同肺入面相對恆定嘅空氣成分平衡，而且同動脈血氣嘅擴散速率喺每次呼吸都保持同樣恆定。因此，身體組織唔會暴露喺呼吸週期引起嘅血液入面氧氣同二氧化碳張力嘅大幅波動入面，而且[[周邊化學感受器|周邊]]同[[中樞化學感受器]]只係量度溶解氣體嘅逐漸變化。因此，呼吸速率嘅穩態控制只係取決於動脈血液入面氧氣同二氧化碳嘅分壓，噉樣亦都可以維持血液嘅[[酸鹼平衡|恆定pH值]]。<ref name=tortora1 /> ==控制== {{Main|呼吸嘅控制}} 呼吸嘅速率同埋深度係自動噉俾[[呼吸中樞]]控制，[[呼吸中樞]]會接收嚟自[[周邊化學感受器|周邊]]同[[中樞化學感受器]]嘅信息。呢啲[[化學感受器]]會持續監測動脈血液入面二氧化碳同氧氣嘅分壓。第一批傳感器係[[延髓]]嘅[[腦幹]]表面嘅中樞化學感受器，佢哋對[[pH]]值以及血液同[[腦脊液]]入面嘅二氧化碳分壓特別敏感。<ref name=tortora1 /> 第二組傳感器量度動脈血液入面嘅氧氣分壓。後者一齊叫做周邊化學感受器，佢哋位於[[主動脈體]]同[[頸動脈體]]入面。<ref name=tortora1 /> 嚟自所有呢啲化學感受器嘅信息會傳遞到[[腦橋]]同[[延髓]]嘅[[呼吸中樞]]，[[呼吸中樞]]會通過調整呼吸嘅速率同深度嚟響應動脈血液入面二氧化碳同氧氣分壓嘅波動，噉樣做可以將二氧化碳嘅分壓恢復到5.3 kPa（40 mm Hg），pH值恢復到7.4，同埋喺較小程度上，氧氣嘅分壓恢復到13 kPa（100 mm Hg）。<ref name=tortora1 /> 例如，[[體能鍛煉|運動]]會增加活動肌肉產生二氧化碳嘅量。呢啲二氧化碳會擴散到靜脈血液入面，最終提高動脈血液入面嘅二氧化碳分壓。腦幹上面嘅二氧化碳化學感受器會立即感知到呢個情況。呼吸中樞會響應呢個信息，令到呼吸嘅速率同深度增加到噉嘅程度，以至於動脈血液入面嘅二氧化碳同氧氣分壓幾乎立即返回到同休息時相同嘅水平。呼吸中樞透過運動神經同呼吸肌肉溝通，其中[[膈神經]]（支配橫膈膜）可能係最重要嘅。<ref name=tortora1 /> 自動呼吸可以喺有限嘅程度上俾簡單嘅選擇覆蓋，或者為咗方便[[人類游水|游水]]、[[說話]]、[[唱歌]]或者其他[[聲樂]]訓練。抑制呼吸嘅衝動到缺氧嘅程度係唔可能嘅，但係訓練可以提高屏住呼吸嘅能力。[[意識呼吸]]練習已經證明可以促進放鬆同埋減輕壓力，但係未經證實具有任何其他健康益處。<ref name=acs>{{cite book |publisher=[[美國癌症協會]] |title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies |edition=2nd |year=2009 |isbn=9780944235713 |editor=Ades TB |pages=[https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/72 72–74] |chapter=Breathwork |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/americancancerso0000unse/page/72 }}</ref> 仲有其他自動呼吸控制反射。將面部，尤其係面部浸入冷水入面，會觸發一種叫做[[潛水反射]]嘅反應。<ref name="pann">{{cite journal|pmc=3768097|year=2013|last1=Michael Panneton|first1=W|title=The Mammalian Diving Response: An Enigmatic Reflex to Preserve Life?|journal=Physiology|volume=28|issue=5|pages=284–297|doi=10.1152/physiol.00020.2013|pmid=23997188}}</ref><ref name="Physiology and Pathophysiology">{{cite journal |title=The physiology and pathophysiology of human breath-hold diving |url=http://jap.physiology.org/content/106/1/284 |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |volume=106 |issue=1 |date=1 January 2009 |pages=284–292 |doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.90991.2008 |pmid=18974367 |first1=Peter |last1=Lindholm |first2=Claes EG |last2=Lundgren |access-date=4 April 2015 |archive-date=2015年5月15號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515013832/http://jap.physiology.org/content/106/1/284 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 呢個反應嘅初步結果係關閉呼吸道，防止水湧入。[[代謝率]]會減慢。呢個反應同埋去到四肢同腹腔內臟動脈嘅強烈血管收縮結合埋一齊，幾乎完全為咗心臟同大腦保留喺潛水開始時血液同肺入面嘅氧氣。<ref name="pann" /> 潛水反射係企鵝、海豹同鯨魚呢啲需要經常潛水嘅動物入面經常使用嘅反應。<ref name=pmid15233163>{{cite journal |vauthors=Thornton SJ, Hochachka PW |title=Oxygen and the diving seal |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=81–95 |year=2004 |pmid=15233163 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6520 |access-date=2008-06-14 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211020631/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6520 |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref name=pmid2800051>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zapol WM, Hill RD, Qvist J, Falke K, Schneider RC, Liggins GC, Hochachka PW |title=Arterial gas tensions and hemoglobin concentrations of the freely diving Weddell seal |journal=Undersea Biomed Res |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=363–73 |date=September 1989 |pmid=2800051 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2531 |access-date=2008-06-14 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211020626/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2531 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> 佢喺非常年幼嘅嬰兒同細路仔入面都比喺大人入面更加有效。<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=21881008|year=2012|last1=Pedroso|first1=F. S.|title=The diving reflex in healthy infants in the first year of life|journal=Journal of Child Neurology|volume=27|issue=2|pages=168–71|last2=Riesgo|first2=R. S.|last3=Gatiboni|first3=T|last4=Rotta|first4=N. T.|doi=10.1177/0883073811415269|s2cid=29653062}}</ref> {{-}} ==成分== {{Further|大氣化學}} [[File:Bakó Árpád - Milagro (Santana Tribute) együttes, Miskolc, 2015.02.07 (8).JPG|thumb|繼承上面嘅圖表，如果喺寒冷同[[潮濕]]嘅環境入面，呼出嘅空氣係透過口呼出嘅，[[水蒸氣]]會[[凝結]]成可見嘅[[雲]]或者[[霧]]。]] 吸入嘅空氣體積百分比係78% [[氮氣]]、20.95% 氧氣同埋少量其他氣體，包括[[氬氣]]、二氧化碳、[[氖氣]]、[[氦氣]]同[[氫氣]]。<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|title=Earth Fact Sheet|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive|publisher=NASA|access-date=2025年3月17號|archive-date=2013年5月8號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508021904/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 呼出嘅氣體體積百分比有4%到5%係二氧化碳，比吸入量增加咗大約一百倍。氧氣嘅體積減少咗大約四分之一，佔總空氣體積嘅4%到5%。典型嘅成分係：<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = A Textbook of Biology |first1=P. S. |last1=Dhami |first2=G. |last2=Chopra |first3=H. N. |last3=Shrivastava|publisher = Pradeep Publications|year = 2015|location = Jalandhar, Punjab|pages = V/101}}</ref> * 5.0–6.3% 水蒸氣 * 79% 氮氣 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6h4jxs/revision/3|title=Gas exchange in the lungs - Respiratory system - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision|website=BBC Bitesize}}</ref> * 13.6–16.0% 氧氣 * 4.0–5.3% 二氧化碳 * 1% 氬氣 * [[百萬分率|百萬分之幾]] (ppm) 嘅 [[氫氣]]，嚟自大腸入面微生物嘅代謝活動。<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/1752-7155/2/4/046002|title=Implementation and interpretation of hydrogen breath tests|year=2008|last1=Eisenmann|first1=Alexander|last2=Amann|first2=Anton|last3=Said|first3=Michael|last4=Datta|last4=Bettina|last5=Ledochowski|first5=Maximilian|journal=Journal of Breath Research|volume=2|issue=4|page=046002|pmid=21386189|bibcode=2008JBR.....2d6002E|s2cid=31706721 }}</ref>{{clarify|train=睇起嚟呢度應該有個數字，但係冇。如果只係「幾ppm」，就明確噉講|date=2023年9月}} * ppm 嘅 [[一氧化碳]]，嚟自 [[血紅素]] 蛋白質嘅降解。{{clarify|train=睇起嚟呢度應該有個數字，但係冇。如果只係「幾ppm」，就明確噉講|date=2023年9月}} * 4.5 ppm 嘅 [[甲醇]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Turner C|title=A longitudinal study of methanol in the exhaled breath of 30 healthy volunteers using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS|journal=Physiological Measurement|volume=27|issue=7|pages=637–48|pmid=16705261|year=2006|doi=10.1088/0967-3334/27/7/007|bibcode=2006PhyM...27..637T|s2cid=22365066}}</ref> * 1 ppm 嘅 [[氨]]。 * 微量幾百種[[揮發性有機化合物]]，尤其係 [[異戊二烯]] 同 [[丙酮]]。某啲有機化合物嘅存在表明疾病。<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00127-9|pmid=10410929|title=Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans|journal=Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications|volume=729|issue=1–2|pages=75–88|year=1999|last1=Phillips|first1=Michael|last2=Herrera|first2=Jolanta|last3=Krishnan|first3=Sunithi|last4=Zain|first4=Mooena|last5=Greenberg|first5=Joel|last6=Cataneo|last6=Renee N.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/014001|title=A review of the volatiles from the healthy human body|year=2014|last1=De Lacy Costello|first1=B.|last2=Amann|first2=A.|last3=Al-Kateb|first3=H.|last4=Flynn|first4=C.|last5=Filipiak|first5=W.|last6=Khalid|first6=T.|last7=Osborne|last7=D.|last8=Ratcliffe|last8=N. M.|journal=Journal of Breath Research|volume=8|issue=1|page=014001|pmid=24421258|bibcode=2014JBR.....8a4001D|s2cid=1998578 }}</ref> 除咗空氣之外，練習[[技術潛水]]嘅[[水底潛水|水底潛水員]]可能會呼吸富氧、缺氧或者富氦嘅[[呼吸氣體]]混合物。氧氣同[[鎮痛]]氣體有時會俾接受醫療護理嘅病人使用。[[太空衣]]入面嘅大氣係純氧氣。但係，為咗調節吸氣速率，佢哋嘅壓力會保持喺地球大氣壓力嘅20%左右。{{Citation needed|date=2021年1月}} ==環境氣壓嘅影響== ===喺高海拔地區呼吸=== {{See also|高海拔對人體嘅影響}} [[File:Altitude and air pressure & Everest.jpg|thumb|圖4 大氣壓力]] [[大氣壓力]]會隨住海拔（高於海平面嘅高度）嘅增加而降低，由於肺泡透過開放嘅呼吸道同外界空氣連通，因此肺入面嘅壓力亦都以相同嘅速率隨住海拔嘅升高而降低。喺高海拔地區，同喺海平面一樣，仍然需要壓力差嚟驅動空氣進出肺部。喺高海拔地區呼吸嘅機制基本上同喺海平面呼吸嘅機制相同，但係有以下差異： 大氣壓力隨住海拔嘅升高呈指數級下降，大約每升高{{convert|5500|m|ft}}海拔就會減半。<ref name=altitude>{{cite web|url=http://www.altitude.org/calculators/air_pressure.php|title=Online high altitude oxygen calculator|publisher=altitude.org|access-date=15 August 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729214053/http://www.altitude.org/calculators/air_pressure.php|archive-date=29 July 2012}}</ref> 但係，由於天氣嘅持續混合效應，大氣空氣嘅成分喺80公里以下幾乎保持不變。<ref name = tyson /> 因此，空氣中氧氣嘅濃度（每升空氣中嘅mmol O₂）會以同大氣壓力相同嘅速率下降。<ref name = tyson>{{cite book |last1=Tyson |first1=P.D.|last2=Preston-White|first2=R.A. |title=The weather and climate of Southern Africa. |location=Cape Town |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2013| pages= 3–10, 14–16, 360|isbn=9780195718065 }}</ref> 喺海平面，[[環境壓力]]大約係100 [[帕斯卡 (單位)|kPa]]，氧氣佔大氣嘅21%，氧氣嘅分壓（{{math|''P''_O₂}}）係21 kPa（即100 kPa嘅21%）。喺[[珠穆朗瑪峰]]嘅頂峰，{{convert|8848|m|ft}}，嗰度嘅總大氣壓力係33.7 kPa，氧氣仍然佔大氣嘅21%，但係佢嘅分壓只有7.1 kPa（即33.7 kPa嘅21% = 7.1 kPa）。<ref name = tyson /> 因此，喺高海拔地區呼吸，為咗喺俾定嘅時間入面吸入相同量嘅氧氣，必須吸入比海平面更大體積嘅空氣。 喺吸氣期間，空氣會喺通過鼻子同[[咽]]，然後進入肺泡之前被加溫並且[[水蒸氣壓|水蒸氣]]飽和。水嘅「飽和」蒸氣壓只取決於溫度；喺37 °C嘅核心體溫下，佢係6.3 kPa（47.0 mmHg），唔理任何其他影響，包括海拔。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Diem |first1=K. |last2=Lenter| first2= C.|title=Scientific Tables| location=Basle, Switzerland|publisher=Ciba-Geigy |date=1970|edition=7th| pages= 257–8 }}</ref> 因此，喺海平面，吸入嘅「氣管」空氣（喺吸入嘅空氣進入肺泡之前）包含：水蒸氣（{{math|''P''_H₂O}} = 6.3 kPa）、氮氣（{{math|''P''_N₂}} = 74.0 kPa）、氧氣（{{math|''P''_O₂}} = 19.7 kPa）同微量二氧化碳同其他氣體，總共100 kPa。喺乾燥空氣入面，海平面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 係21.0 kPa，相比之下，氣管空氣入面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 係19.7 kPa（[100 – 6.3] 嘅 21% = 19.7 kPa）。喺珠穆朗瑪峰頂峰，氣管空氣嘅總壓力係33.7 kPa，其中6.3 kPa 係水蒸氣，將氣管空氣入面嘅 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 降低到 5.8 kPa（[33.7 – 6.3] 嘅 21% = 5.8 kPa），超出咗單純由大氣壓力降低造成嘅影響（7.1 kPa）。 喺吸氣期間將空氣推入肺部嘅[[壓力梯度]]亦都會因為海拔嘅升高而降低。將肺部嘅體積增加一倍會令到任何海拔高度嘅肺部壓力減半。海平面嘅氣壓（100 kPa）會產生 50 kPa 嘅壓力梯度，但喺 5500 米嘅高度做同樣嘅嘢，嗰度嘅大氣壓力係 50 kPa，將肺部嘅體積增加一倍只會產生 25 kPa 嘅壓力梯度。喺實踐中，因為我哋以溫和嘅週期性方式呼吸，產生嘅壓力梯度只有 2–3 kPa，所以呢個對流入肺部嘅實際速率影響好細，而且可以通過稍微深呼吸嚟輕鬆補償。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koen |first1=Chrisvan L. |last2=Koeslag |first2=Johan H. | title=On the stability of subatmospheric intrapleural and intracranial pressures |journal= News in Physiological Sciences | date=1995 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=176–8 |doi=10.1152/physiologyonline.1995.10.4.176 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=West |first1=J.B. |title=Respiratory physiology: the essentials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsRqAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-683-08940-0 |publisher=Williams & Wilkins |date=1985| pages= 21–30, 84–84, 98–101 }}</ref> 高海拔地區空氣嘅較低[[黏度]]令到空氣更容易流動，呢個亦都有助於補償任何壓力梯度嘅損失。 以上所有低氣壓對呼吸嘅影響通常都係通過增加呼吸分鐘通氣量（每分鐘吸入——或呼出——嘅空氣體積）嚟適應嘅，噉做嘅機制係自動嘅。所需嘅確切增加量取決於[[體內平衡#血液氣體水平|呼吸氣體穩態機制]]，[[呼吸氣體穩態機制]]調節動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 同 {{math|''P''_CO₂}}。呢個[[體內平衡|穩態機制]]優先調節動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 而唔係海平面嘅氧氣。亦即係話，喺海平面，喺好多情況下，動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 都保持喺非常接近 5.3 kPa（或 40 mmHg）嘅水平，但係犧牲咗動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}}，喺引起矯正性通氣反應之前，動脈 {{math|''P''_O₂}} 容許喺非常廣泛嘅數值範圍內變化。但係，當大氣壓力（以及因此大氣 {{math|''P''_O₂}}）下降到低於海平面值嘅 75% 時，氧氣[[體內平衡]]會優先於二氧化碳體內平衡。呢個切換發生喺大約 {{convert|2500|m|ft}} 嘅海拔高度。如果呢個切換發生得相對突然，喺高海拔地區嘅換氣過度會導致動脈 {{math|''P''_CO₂}} 嚴重下降，隨之而嚟嘅係[[體內平衡#血液pH值|動脈血漿嘅pH值]]升高，從而導致[[呼吸性鹼中毒]]。呢個係[[高山症|高海拔病]]嘅一個成因。另一方面，如果切換到氧氣體內平衡唔完全，噉[[缺氧 (醫學)|缺氧]]可能會令臨床情況複雜化，並可能導致致命嘅後果。 ===喺深水呼吸=== [[File:Breathing Resistance.svg|thumb|喺通過潛水調節器呼吸時嘅典型呼吸用力]] 壓力會隨住水深嘅增加而增加，大約每 10 米增加一個[[標準大氣壓]]——稍微超過 100 kPa，或者一個 [[巴 (單位)|巴]]。[[水底潛水|潛水員]]喺水底呼吸嘅空氣處於周圍水嘅環境壓力之下，呢個會產生複雜嘅生理同生物化學影響。如果管理不善，喺水底呼吸壓縮氣體可能會導致幾種[[潛水疾病]]，包括[[氣壓傷#肺氣壓傷|肺氣壓傷]]、[[減壓病]]、[[氮醉]]同[[氧中毒]]。呼吸加壓氣體嘅影響會因為使用一種或多種[[呼吸氣體|特殊氣體混合物]]而變得更加複雜。 空氣係由[[潛水調節器]]提供嘅，[[潛水調節器]]會將[[潛水氣瓶]]入面嘅高壓降低到環境壓力。[[調節器嘅呼吸性能]]係選擇適合[[水肺潛水#潛水類型|要進行嘅潛水類型]]嘅調節器嘅一個因素。理想嘅係，即使喺供應大量空氣嘅時候，通過調節器呼吸都需要好細力。仲建議佢平穩噉供應空氣，喺吸氣或者呼氣嘅時候唔會出現任何突然嘅阻力變化。喺右邊嘅圖入面，請注意喺呼氣時打開排氣閥時壓力嘅初始峰值，以及喺吸氣時壓力嘅初始下降好快俾[[文丘里效應]]克服，[[文丘里效應]]係設計喺調節器入面，為咗容許容易噉吸入空氣。好多調節器都有一個調節裝置嚟改變吸氣嘅容易程度，令到呼吸唔費力。 ==呼吸系統疾病== {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = 呼吸模式 | image = File:Breathing abnormalities.svg | caption = 圖表顯示正常以及唔同種類嘅病理性呼吸模式 | pronounce = | specialty = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} 異常嘅呼吸模式包括 [[庫斯莫爾呼吸]]、[[畢奧氏呼吸]] 同 [[陳-施氏呼吸]]。 其他呼吸系統疾病包括 [[氣促]] （呼吸困難）、[[喘鳴]]、[[呼吸暫停]]、[[睡眠呼吸暫停]] （最常見嘅係 [[阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停]]）、[[口呼吸]] 同埋 [[鼻鼾]]。好多疾病都同呼吸道阻塞有關。長期口呼吸可能同疾病有關。<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wollan|first=Malia|date=2019-04-23|title=How to Be a Nose Breather|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/23/magazine/how-to-be-a-nose-breather.html|access-date=2021-09-06|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pacheco|first1=Maria Christina Thomé|last2=Casagrande|first2=Camila Ferreira|last3=Teixeira|first3=Lícia Pacheco|last4=Finck|first4=Nathalia Silveira|last5=de Araújo|first5=Maria Teresa Martins|date=2015|title=Guidelines proposal for clinical recognition of mouth breathing children|journal=Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics|volume=20|issue=4|pages=39–44|doi=10.1590/2176-9451.20.4.039-044.oar|issn=2176-9451|pmc=4593528|pmid=26352843}}</ref> [[呼吸過淺]] 指嘅係過度 [[淺呼吸]]；[[呼吸過速]] 指嘅係由於需要更多氧氣而引起嘅快速同深呼吸，例如運動。術語 [[通氣不足]] 同 [[通氣過度]] 都分別指淺呼吸同快速深呼吸，但係喺唔適當嘅情況或者疾病下。但係，呢個區別（例如，呼吸過速同通氣過度之間嘅區別）並唔係總係遵守嘅，因此呢啲術語經常互換使用。<ref name="Dorlands">{{Citation |last1=Andreoli |first1=Thomas E. |display-authors=etal |publisher=Saunders |title=Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary |edition=30th |pages=887, 891, 897, 900 |location=Philadelphia, PA |url=http://dorlands.com/ |access-date=17 June 2017 |archive-date=11 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111192614/http://dorlands.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 一系列 [[呼吸測試]] 可以用嚟診斷疾病，例如飲食不耐受症。 [[鼻阻力測量法|鼻阻力測量儀]] 使用聲學技術嚟檢查通過鼻道嘅氣流。<ref>{{citation |page=101 |title=Functional Reconstructive Nasal Surgery |author1=E. H. Huizing |author2=J. A. M. de Groot |year=2003 |publisher=Thieme |isbn=978-1-58890-081-4}}</ref> ==社會同文化== 「精神」呢個詞嚟自 [[拉丁文]] ''spiritus''，意思係呼吸。喺歷史上，呼吸通常會根據生命力嘅概念嚟考慮。[[希伯來聖經]] 指上帝將生命嘅氣息吹入泥土入面，令亞當成為一個有生命嘅靈魂（[[nephesh]]）。佢仲指當凡人死亡嘅時候，氣息會返回上帝身邊。術語精神、[[prana]]、玻里尼西亞語嘅 [[Mana (大洋洲神話)|mana]]、希伯來語嘅 [[ruach]] 同埋心理學入面嘅 [[psyche (心理學)|psyche]] 都同呼吸嘅概念有關。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wordinfo.info/unit/2730?spage=14&letter=P|title=psych-, psycho-, -psyche, -psychic, -psychical, -psychically - Word Information|website=wordinfo.info|access-date=2025年3月17號|archive-date=2024年12月2號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202001246/https://wordinfo.info/unit/2730?spage=14&letter=P|url-status=dead}}</ref> 喺 [[太極拳]] 入面，[[有氧運動]] 同呼吸練習結合埋一齊，嚟增強 [[胸膈膜|橫膈膜肌肉]]，改善姿勢，並且更好噉利用身體嘅 ''[[氣]]''。唔同形式嘅 [[冥想]] 同 [[瑜伽]] 都提倡各種呼吸方法。一種叫做 [[內觀呼吸]] 嘅 [[佛教冥想]] 形式，意思係專注呼吸，最初係由 [[喬達摩·悉達多|佛陀]] 引入嘅。呼吸訓練被納入冥想、某啲形式嘅瑜伽（例如 [[呼吸控制法]]）同埋 [[布泰科呼吸法]]，作為哮喘同其他疾病嘅治療方法。<ref>{{cite book |author=Swami Saradananda |title=The Power of Breath: The Art of Breathing Well for Harmony, Happiness, and Health |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UQpOAAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Watkins Media |isbn=978-1-84483-798-4}}</ref> 喺音樂入面，一啲 [[管樂器]] 演奏者會使用一種叫做 [[循環呼吸]] 嘅技巧。[[唱歌|歌手]] 仲依靠 [[唱歌#呼吸控制|呼吸控制]]。 同呼吸相關嘅常見文化表達包括：「唞啖氣」、「索嗮啖氣」、「靈感」、「斷氣」、「回過神」。 ===呼吸同情緒=== [[File:Austrian Future Cup 2018-11-24 Group 3 Rotation 3 Parallel bars (Martin Rulsch) 056.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|一位年輕嘅體操運動員喺表演佢嘅體操之前深呼吸。]] 某啲呼吸模式傾向於同某啲情緒一齊出現。由於呢種關係，唔同學科嘅從業者認為，佢哋可以通過採用最常同特定情緒一齊出現嘅呼吸模式嚟鼓勵特定情緒嘅發生。例如，可能最常見嘅建議係，更多噉利用橫膈膜同腹部嘅深呼吸可以鼓勵放鬆。<ref name=acs /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zaccaro|first1=Andrea|last2=Piarulli|first2=Andrea|last3=Laurino|last3=Marco|last4=Garbella|last4=Erika|last5=Menicucci|last5=Danilo|last6=Neri|last6=Bruno|last7=Gemignani|last7=Angelo|date=2018|title=How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing|journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience|volume=12|pages=353|doi=10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353|pmid=30245619|pmc=6137615|issn=1662-5161|doi-access=free}}</ref> 唔同學科嘅從業者通常會以唔同嘅方式解釋呼吸調節嘅重要性以及佢哋認為呼吸調節對情緒嘅影響。佛教徒可能會認為佢有助於促成內心平靜嘅感覺，整體療法醫師可能會認為佢鼓勵整體健康狀態<ref>{{cite book |first=Ingfried |last=Hobert |chapter=Healthy Breathing — The Right Breathing |title=Guide to Holistic Healing in the New Millennium |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OD4hAWbleV4C&pg=PA48 |year=1999 |publisher=Harald Tietze |isbn=978-1-876173-14-2 |pages=48–49}}</ref>，而商業顧問可能會認為佢可以緩解工作壓力。 ===呼吸同體能鍛煉=== 喺體能鍛煉期間，會採用更深嘅呼吸模式，嚟促進更多氧氣嘅吸收。採用更深呼吸模式嘅另一個原因係增強身體嘅核心力量。喺深呼吸嘅過程入面，胸膈膜喺核心入面採取更低嘅位置，呢個有助於產生腹內壓，從而增強腰椎嘅力量。<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://hanslindgren.com/articles/diaphragm-function-for-core-stability/ | title=Diaphragm function for core stability | first=Hans | last=Lindgren | url-status=dead }}</ref> 通常，呢個容許進行更強有力嘅身體運動。因此，喺舉起重物嘅時候，經常建議深呼吸或者採取更深嘅呼吸模式。 ==睇埋== {{Div col|colwidth=35em}} * {{annotated link|瀕死呼吸}} * {{annotated link|共濟失調性呼吸}} * {{annotated link|口臭}} * {{annotated link|呼吸氣體分析}} * {{annotated link|呼吸氣體}} * {{annotated link|碳循環}} * {{annotated link|中樞性睡眠呼吸暫停}} * {{annotated link|正常呼吸}} * {{annotated link|液體呼吸}} * {{annotated link|口呼吸}} * {{annotated link|鼻週期}} * {{annotated link|氮清洗}} * {{annotated link|強制性鼻呼吸}} * {{annotated link|呼吸適應}} {{div col end}} ==攷== {{Reflist|30em}} ==延伸閱讀== {{commons category}} {{wikiquote}} *{{Cite book |title=Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art |url=https://archive.org/details/breathnewscience0000jame |last=Nestor |first=James |publisher=Riverhead Books |year=2020 |isbn= 978-0735213616 |ref=none}} *{{cite journal |last=Parkes |first=M |title=Breath-holding and its breakpoint |journal=Exp Physiol |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |year=2006 |pmid=16272264 |doi=10.1113/expphysiol.2005.031625 |doi-access=free |ref=none}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:人體]] [[Category:氣體]] h4eq94wyj908ka1l4zr7i24y8u4ignc 0 32125 2416252 779678 2026-06-04T15:38:46Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yanan_Shaanxi_maoist_city_IMG_8413.JPG | thumb | right | 參觀延安毛澤東睡房]]'''紅色旅遊'''係響[[2004年]]年底正式提出、以[[中國共產黨]]相關嘅歷史紀念地為景點嘅旅游，包括咗各個國內嘅革命聖地。 == 景點 == *滬浙紅色旅游區，以[[上海]]為中心，介紹中共建黨歷史 *湘贛閩紅色旅游區，以[[韶山]]、[[井岡山]]同[[瑞金]]為中心，介紹領導人嘅故里以同中共成立初期嘅事件 *左右江紅色旅游區 *[[黔北]][[黔西]]紅色旅游區 *雪山草地紅色旅游區 *陝甘寧紅色旅游區 *[[中國東北|東北]]紅色旅游區，介紹[[東北抗日聯軍]]等事跡 *魯蘇皖紅色旅游區 *大別山紅色旅游區 *太行紅色旅游區 *川陝渝紅色旅游區 *京津冀紅色旅游區，以[[北京]]同[[天津]]為中心，介紹[[中華人民共和國]]嘅成立。 == 出面網站 == [http://www.crt.com.cn/ybgjq.html 全國一百個“紅色旅游經典景區”詳細名錄] [[Category:中國共產黨]] h8a7g23wpkambp9tuk0ttc5t4zo4ulq 0 33117 2416364 1116058 2026-06-05T02:25:24Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{舊聞}} {{唔係|張景淳}} [[File:Cheung_King_Wah.jpg | thumb | right | 場照]] '''張景驊'''（'''Cheung King Wah'''，{{生死|1986年|7月6號}}）係[[香港]]嘅[[足球員]]，司職[[守門員]]，而家係[[香港甲組足球聯賽]]球會[[橫濱FC香港]]教練。 ==拎== * [http://www.sunhei.hk/youth-team/youth-team-coach 晨曦體育會 - 晨曦體育會 - 青訓教練團] * [http://www.sunhei.hk/divisiona/players/2011-2012-players-2 晨曦體育會 - 晨曦體育會 - 2012/2013 年度球員] * [http://www.sunhei.hk/divisiona/players/2011-2012-players 晨曦體育會 - 晨曦體育會 - 2011/2012 年度球員] * [http://www.hkfa.com/zh-hk/player_view.php?player_id=163 張景驊] * [http://www.yokohamafc-hk.com/club/index.php#coach 球會/球員 | 橫濱FC(香港)] {{晨曦球員名單}} [[Category:香港足球員]] [[類:福建體育會球員]] [[類:香雪製藥球員]] [[類:公民球員]] [[Category:晨曦球員]] [[Category:張氏|景驊]] {{香港運動員楔}} {{足球員楔}} h7z1ep74ivlypergq9u8x3inamvcdch 0 35393 2416231 2416228 2026-06-04T12:03:21Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 極限 */ 2416231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。一個數列會好似[[集]] set<!--set1--> 噉，由一系列嘅[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>x_n = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math>； 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>x_n = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>a_n = (a_0, a_1, a_2,...)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>\mid x - a_n\mid</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 上述呢條式日常化噉講，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] 7nqh5iewm8mwm9h56gzvidz6iklzf3t 2416235 2416231 2026-06-04T12:22:13Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 za1 2416235 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>x_n = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math>； 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>x_n = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>a_n = (a_0, a_1, a_2,...)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>\mid x - a_n\mid</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 上述呢條式日常化噉講，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] dxx7w44z0o2zhxoogoq54q130gsllvl 2416236 2416235 2026-06-04T12:23:19Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 數列 */ 2416236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math> 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>a_n = (a_0, a_1, a_2,...)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>\mid x - a_n\mid</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 上述呢條式日常化噉講，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] 6yy0h874suok345abbjg0z7bbl4hrkh 2416237 2416236 2026-06-04T12:36:11Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 極限 */ 2416237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math> 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>(a_n) = (a_1, a_2, a_3,\ldots)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>\mid x - a_n\mid</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 上述呢條式日常化噉講，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] 9uozcibwvupy1wv23nzjo4l74k4bbr7 2416238 2416237 2026-06-04T12:36:52Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 極限 */ 2416238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math> 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>(a_n) = (a_1, a_2, a_3,\ldots)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>\mid x - a_n\mid</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 呢個諗頭用[[直覺]]化嘅方式嚟思考，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] a4v2uqmidwc69v1t8oh3ppkt52dyuqu 2416239 2416238 2026-06-04T12:42:46Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 極限 */ 2416239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math> 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (函數)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>(a_n) = (a_1, a_2, a_3,\ldots)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>|x-a_n|</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 呢個諗頭用[[直覺]]化嘅方式嚟思考，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] 2n68nwfe8rhkc43cesyn8xzaufvybfd 2416240 2416239 2026-06-04T12:43:55Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 /* 極限 */ 2416240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|微積分嘅基本諗頭簡化講：想像有條[[曲線]]，分析者想計某兩點之間該線所包含嘅[[面積]]，可以噉想像—設 Δx，畫若干個長方形入去條線包住嘅空間，每個呢啲長方形都係 Δx 咁闊，如果 Δx 嘅值一直縮細，呢啲長方形加埋嘅面積會越嚟越貼近條曲線包住嘅面積。詳情可以睇下[[黎曼積分]]。]] '''微積分'''（{{jpingauto|mei4 zik1 fan1}} ）係[[數學]]一門，屬基礎學科，其內容主要包括[[極限 (函數)|極限]]、[[微分]]同埋[[積分]]嘅應用。'''微積分'''個名係微分同積分呢兩門學問嘅統稱，其研究嘅範疇有三個，包括微分、積分，同埋微分與積分間嘅關係，當中微分主要講一個個變量點樣隨時間—或者隨其他變量—改變，而積分簡化講就主要係講緊計算[[面積]]嘅方法。佢哋兩個嘅關係由[[微積分基本定理]]呢條定理講明：喺適當嘅條件下，求積分同求微分互相為相反嘅過程。 喺現代嘅[[科學]]同[[工程學]]上，微積分非常重要，微分簡化講，可以用嚟推導出一條條式，表達某啲變量點樣隨住時間而變化，仲能夠計到呢啲變量隨時間變化嘅率，以及係呢啲變量最大同最細會去到邊。例如喺[[牛頓力學]]中，[[加速度]]係[[速度]]隨時間變化嘅率，寫式嗰陣可以用微分噉嘅方法表達，而諸如[[統計學]]等嘅領域或者科學上用嘅[[電腦模擬]]，亦都周不時會用到微積分嘅做法。 微積分起源自十七世紀，嗰時[[艾碩·牛頓]]同[[郭菲迪·萊布尼茲]]分別獨自噉建立針對[[無窮小量]]而做嘅微積分。及後又有人諗出咗極限等嘅諗頭，進一步確立微積分嘅概念根基。到咗二十世紀，微積分經已成為咗科學上嘅重要工具，讀[[自然科學]]同工程嘅學生都實會學微積分嘅概念。 微積分喺[[英文]]個名叫{{lang-en|calculus}}，呢隻詞據講[[詞源|嚟自]][[拉丁文]]入便用嚟計數嘅石仔<ref>{{cite book |last=Menninger |first=Karl |title=Number Words and Number Symbols |url=https://archive.org/details/numberwordsnumbe00menn/page/316/ |url-access=limited |year=1969 |publisher=MIT Press |page=316}}</ref>。 == 基礎概念 == {{see also|數學分析|集合論|度量空間}} === 數列 === {{main|數列}} [[數列]]係一種[[數學物體]]，同[[函數]]好有啦掕。數列有少少似[[集]] set<!--set1-->，一個數列由一系列若干個[[元素 (數學)|元素]]組成；而同集唔同嘅係，數列有特定次序，例如一個由數組成嘅數列，會分邊個係排第 1 嗰個數、邊個係排第 2 嗰個數... 等等－每個元素都掕住個[[自然數]] n 嚟表示佢喺個數列入便邊個位<ref name="gaughan2009">Gaughan, Edward (2009). "1.1 Sequences and Convergence". ''Introduction to Analysis''. AMS (2009).</ref><ref>Falcon, Sergio (2003). "Fibonacci's multiplicative sequence". ''International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology''. 34 (2): 310–315.</ref>， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,8,10,\cdots)</math> 而且一個數列可以同一款元素出現喺個數列嘅唔同位置， :例：<math>(x_n) = (2,4,6,2,4,\cdots)</math>（2 同 4 都出現咗最少兩次）； 數列可以當係函數嘅一種，特徵係會將[[自然數]] n 轉換成第個數（數列嘅第 n 個數）嘅函數<ref name="gaughan2009"/>。 === 極限 === {{main|極限 (數學)}} {{see also|無窮小量|郝氏數列}} 數列嘅一個重要特徵係可以[[數列匯合|匯合]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|converge}}</ref>：想像有個由數組成嘅數列 <small><math>(a_n) = (a_1, a_2, a_3,\ldots)</math></small>，依家攞住個數列嘅第 n 個元素嚟睇，隨住 n 嘅值愈嚟愈大，發現元素 n 嘅值會愈嚟愈接近某個特定嘅數值 x，即係 :<math>|x-a_n|</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0，而呢樣嘢用[[數學符號]]嚟表達嘅話係噉<ref name="gaughan2009"/>： :<math>\lim_{n \to \infty} a_n = x</math> 呢個諗頭用[[直覺]]化嘅方式嚟思考，係話隨住 n 嘅值趨近[[無限大]] <small><math>\infty</math></small>，<small><math>a_n</math></small> 會趨近 x 。喺數學上嚟講，如果上述呢點成立，噉數列 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 就算係有個[[極限 (數學)|極限]]<ref group="註">{{lang-en|limit}}</ref>而呢個極限就係 x 。用圖像化嘅形式表達，如果[[Y 軸|打戙軸]]做 <small><math>a_n</math></small> 嘅值而[[X 軸|打橫軸]]就做 n，個數列嘅極限係 0（x = 0）就會出以下呢幅噉嘅圖： <br> [[File:Converging Sequence example.svg|center|360px]] <br> == 微分 == {{main|微分|微分方程}} 想像家陣將 <math>f</math> 畫做一條[[直線]]，當中 [[Y 軸]]表示 <math>f(x)</math>，[[X 軸]]表示 <math>x</math>，而 <math>f</math> 出嘅線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 呢兩點之間係[[直線]]（附圖 1），噉條線喺 <math>(x_1,y_1)</math> 同 <math>(x_2,y_2)</math> 之間嘅[[斜率]]<math>m</math> 响[[定義]]上係 :<math>m=\frac{\text{bin faa } y}{\text{bin faa } x} = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math> 當中「<math>\Delta</math>」呢個符號係[[希臘字母]] [[Δ]]（delta），喺[[數學]]上意思係「... 嘅改變」噉解，即係「<math>\Delta y</math>」表示「<math>y</math> 嘅改變」（<math>y_2 - y_1</math>），而個斜率 <math>m</math> 就反映咗「喺嗰段線之間 <math>y</math> 隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[變率]]」<ref name="courant1998">Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (December 22, 1998), ''Introduction to Calculus and Analysis'', Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag.</ref><ref name="larson2006">Larson, Ron; Hostetler, Robert P.; Edwards, Bruce H. (February 28, 2006), ''Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions'' (4th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref>。而家想像 <math>f</math> 畫出嚟唔係一條直線，而係一條好[[複雜]]嘅[[曲線]]，例如噉： {{clear}} [[File:InsuffisanceAccroissementMoyen.svg|center|450px]] 呢條線嘅斜率會隨 <math>x</math> 嘅數值有所變化。而家喺條線上面是但攞兩點 <math>(a, f(a))</math> 同 <math>(a + h, f(a + h))</math> 嚟睇，而 <math>h</math> 嘅值細到喺嗰段仔可以想像成直線。<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅斜率係<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： :<math>\begin{align} \frac{\Delta f(x)}{\Delta x} & = \frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h} \end{align}</math> [[微分]]（differentation）嘅做法建基於函數極限嘅諗頭，嚟表達一個函數嘅[[瞬間變率]]：而家想像將 <math>h</math> 嘅數值變到愈嚟愈細，即係將條線斬做愈嚟愈細嘅橛，會得出<math>f(x)</math> 喺呢兩點之間隨 <math>x</math> 嘅[[導數]]（derivative），<math>f'(x)</math>，即係 :<math>\begin{align} f'(x) &= \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} \end{align}</math> <math>h</math> 一旦細到咁上下，就會變成[[無窮小量]]（infinitesimal）－無限咁接近 0、但仲係大過 0。用日常用語講嘅話，即係話如果將一條曲線斬開做好多極細嘅橛，如果啲橛仔夠細，噉每一橛仔都可以當成一條好短嘅直線，有一個可以有方法決定嘅斜率。如果用圖像方法表示，可以想像下圖條紅色曲線嘅情況（兩個細圓圈表示考慮緊嗰兩點）－隨住考慮緊嗰兩點之間嘅 <math>x</math> 距離愈嚟愈細（<math>h</math> 愈嚟愈接近 0），噉「兩點之間嗰段紅色曲線嘅斜率」會愈嚟愈似「兩點之間嗰條直線嘅斜率」<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>： {{clear}} [[File:Sec2tan.gif|center|390px]] 因為[[自然科學]]同[[工程學]]會用函數描述好多嘢（自然現象同人造嘅系統），所以瞬間變率同埋建基於瞬間變率嘅函數分析方法喺好多科學同工程學上嘅研究裏面都有用<ref name="courant1998"/><ref name="larson2006"/>。[[牛頓力學]]就會用到導數嘅概念，將[[速度]]（<math>\mathbf{v}</math>）想像成[[位移]]（<math>\mathbf{r}</math>）隨[[時間]]（<math>t</math>）嘅瞬間變率，而[[加速度]]（<math>\mathbf{a}</math>）就想像成速度隨時間嘅瞬間變率，即係<ref>Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1901). ''Vector analysis: a text-book for the use of students of mathematics and physics'', founded upon the lectures of J. Willard Gibbs. p. 125.</ref>： :<math>\mathbf{v} = {\Delta\mathbf{r} \over \Delta{t}}</math> :<math>\mathbf{a} = {\Delta\mathbf{v} \over \Delta{t}}</math> {{clear}} [[File:Rolling Racers - Moment of inertia.gif|thumb|center|480px|呢幾嚿嘢因為[[材料]]等嘅原因而以唔同嘅[[速度]]同[[加速度]]郁動，不過佢哋嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 都可以想像成 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨 <math>t</math> 嘅瞬間變率。]] 簡單例子：假想依家已知 :<math>\mathbf{r} = \text{C}t</math>， 當中 <math>\text{C}</math> 係一個[[常數]]；噉嘅話 :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}(t+h)-\text{C}t}{h}</math>，當中 <math>h</math> 數值極細但大過 0； :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}t + \text{C}h -\text{C}t}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \frac{\text{C}h}{h}</math> :<math>f'(t) = \text{C}</math> －得出「<math>\mathbf{v}</math>（<math>f'(t)</math>）係一個常數」<ref>[https://physics.info/kinematics-calculus/ Kinematics and Calculus]. ''The Physics Hypertextbook''.</ref>。用日常用語講，有咗微分嘅技術，知道咗「<math>\mathbf{r}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」就會知道埋「<math>\mathbf{v}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」同「<math>\mathbf{a}</math> 點隨 <math>t</math> 變化」<ref group="註">詳情可以睇[[微分方程]]相關嘅嘢。</ref>；而事實表明咗，有咗用微分嚟做力學分析嘅技巧，就基本上可以分析嗮所有喺[[地球]]環境下[[郁動]]嘅[[物體]]<ref name="kibble2004">Kibble, Tom W.B.; Berkshire, Frank H. (2004). ''Classical Mechanics'' (5th ed.). Imperial College Press.</ref>。 == 積分 == [[File:Riemann sum convergence.png|thumb|300px|[[黎曼積分]]嘅圖解：一條[[曲線]]同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積可以用「好多個極窄長方形嘅面積總和」嚟得出個大致數值。]] {{main|積分|積分方程}} [[積分]]（integral）係一個同[[微分]]好有啦掕嘅概念。喺最簡單最基本嗰種[[黎曼積分]]（Riemann integral）當中，積分係噉樣[[定義]]嘅<ref name="JandJ1988">Jeffreys, H. and Jeffreys, B. S. ''Methods of Mathematical Physics'', 3rd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, p. 29, (1988).</ref><ref name="anton2016">Anton, Howard; Bivens, Irl C.; Davis, Stephen (2016), ''Calculus: Early Transcendentals'' (11th ed.), John Wiley & Sons.</ref>：想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>，<math>y = f(x)</math>；「函數 <math>f</math> 由 <math>a</math> 去 <math>b</math> 嘅積分」用數學符號嚟表達最基本如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx</math> 而黎曼積分嘅定義如下： :<math>\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \equiv \lim_{\text{max } \Delta x_k \to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{n} f(x_k) \Delta x_k</math> 上述呢條式講嘅嘢係噉嘅：想像依家將函數 <math>f</math> 畫做條線，得出附圖 2 噉嘅線；設 <math>a = 0</math> 同 <math>b = 2</math>，個研究者想計 <math>(a,f(a))</math>、<math>(a,0)</math>、<math>(b,f(b))</math>、<math>(b,0)</math> 呢四點之間包住嘅[[面積]]係幾多，佢可以噉樣想像<ref name="JandJ1988"/>－ *將 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嗰段 [[X 軸]]斬開做 <math>n \times 2</math> 咁多橛（<math>\text{step} = 1 / n</math>），並且畫 <math>(2n - 1)</math> 咁多個[[長方形]]喺條線之內； *由幅圖睇得出，响 <math>n = 1</math> 嗰陣，個長方形嘅面積完全唔似研究者想要嘅面積； *但又想像依家 <math>n</math> 變得極大，畫咗極多個長方形喺條之內，而每個呢啲長方形嘅[[闊度]]（<math>\Delta x_k</math>）極細（<math>\Delta x_k \to 0</math>）； *每一個呢啲極窄長方形嘅面積係 <math>f(x_k) \times \Delta x_k</math>（嗰一點嘅 <math>f(x_k)</math> 乘以 <math>\Delta x_k</math>），而呢啲長方形嘅面積加埋（「<math>\sum</math>」呢個符號所表達嘅嘢）就會非常接近研究者想要嗰個面積。 簡單講，如果話微分計嘅係一條[[曲線]]上指定某一點嘅瞬間斜率，噉積分計嘅就係一條曲線指定某一個間距內（<math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間）條線同 [[X 軸]]之間嘅面積<ref name="anton2016"/>。 {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters -->| align = center | direction = horizontal | width = 450 <!-- Extra parameters -->| header = 附圖 2，積分嘅想像圖解；函數 <math>f</math> 係「<math>y = x^2</math>」。 | header_align = center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = | footer_background = | background color = | image1 = Riemann Integration and Darboux Lower Sums.gif | width1 = 400 | alt1 = Lower Darboux sum example }} === 應用例子 === 因為積分其實可以諗做加法嘅連續版本，而喺[[物理學]]入邊有好多嘅過程都係被想像成連續發生嘅，所以積分喺物理學入邊好有用。例如畀一個物體，佢嘅總[[質量]]、[[質心]]位置、[[旋轉慣性]]、總[[能量]]等等都可以用積分計出嚟。 喺[[牛頓運動定律]]入面，一個物體嘅[[動量]]變化係所有施加喺佢上面嘅[[力]]加埋，亦即係話，動量變化可以透過對總力做積分搵出嚟。喺[[電磁學]]方面，用微積分可以搵出一個[[電場]]或者[[磁場]]嘅總[[通量]]。 == 基本定理 == {{main|微積分基本定理}} 積分可以話係將微分做嘅嘢掉返轉頭嚟做，而呢點係[[微積分基本定理]]嘅重要一部份：簡單講嘅話，想像家陣有個函數 <math>f</math>， :<math>y = f(x)</math> :<math>f'(x) = \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}</math>（導數嘅定義）； 考慮呢個導數喺是但兩點 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅積分，當中 <math>b - a = \Delta x</math>， :<math>\int_a^b f'(x) \,dx</math> 呢個積分嘅數值會等同 :<math>f'(x) \times \Delta x</math>（積分嘅定義）；即係話 :<math>= \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x} \times \Delta x</math> :<math>= \Delta y</math> 用日常用語講嘅話，攞一個函數 <math>f</math> 嘅[[導數]] <math>f'</math> 上嘅一極細橛（<math>b - a = \Delta x</math>）嚟睇，嗰橛嘅 <math>f'</math> 積分數值'''等同'''函數 <math>f</math> 喺 <math>a</math> 同 <math>b</math> 之間嘅 <math>\Delta y</math> <ref>Kowalk, W. P., ''Integration Theory'', University of Oldenburg. A new concept to an old problem.</ref><ref>Apostol, Tom M. (1967). ''Calculus, Vol. 1: One-Variable Calculus with an Introduction to Linear Algebra'' (2nd ed.), Wiley. p. 202.</ref>： :<math>\int_{a}^{x}f'(x)\,dx=f(x)-f(a)</math> 積分喺應用數學上都有廣泛嘅用途。例如係正話提到嗰個牛頓力學嘅例子噉，速度 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 係位移 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 隨時間 <math>t</math> 嘅導數，亦即係話是但搵兩點時間點，嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{v}</math> 嘅積分數值上會等同件物體喺嗰兩點時間之間嘅 <math>\mathbf{r}</math> 變化總數<ref name="kibble2004"/>。事實係，自然科學同工程學喺分析系統嗰時往往都會想知啲[[變數 (科研)|變數]]會點樣隨時間變化，所以結合微分同積分嘅分析做法－微積分－响呢啲領域上極之有用，可以攞嚟（例如）搵出能夠清楚精確噉表達嗮唔同嘅變數分別點樣隨時間變化嘅[[函數]]<ref>Coombes, K. R., Lipsman, R. L., & Rosenberg, J. M. (2012). ''Multivariable Calculus and Mathematica®: With Applications to Geometry and Physics''. Springer Science & Business Media.</ref>。 {{clear}} == 應用 == == 簡史 == == 睇埋 == *[[數學分析]] == 註釋 == {{Reflist|group=註|2}} == 參考 == {{reflist|2}} == 拎 == *{{Commonscat-inline|Calculus|微積分}} {{應用數學}} {{現代數學基礎}} [[Category:微積分| ]] k2vwxppyj7nwxojres0z5ypoimj849a 0 37459 2416487 2377133 2026-06-05T09:32:06Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diode-closeup.jpg|thumb|一粒二極管]] '''二極管'''係[[電子]]零件，多數只係得兩個駁位駁電。二極管駁入[[電路]]，電子只可以向一個[[方向]]行，唔畀倒轉來行。 最理想嘅二極管係，順行可以一跳跳到最高[[電流]]，而逆行即刻一啲電流都無。不過現實嘅通常做唔到咁理想。 二極管最初係正負兩個[[電極]]嘅[[真空管]]，所以叫二極管。不過家下大部份都變晒[[原子粒]]，用晒[[半導體]]來做。 二極管有好多種，有啲重會發光㖭。 半導體二極管，係而家最常用嘅類型，係一嚿[[結晶性]]嘅半導體材料，佢有個[[p–n結]]連住兩個電極。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-22519/l/physical-explanation-general-semiconductors |title=Physical Explanation – General Semiconductors |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> 佢有個[[指數函數|指數]]嘅[[電流-電壓特性曲線]]。半導體二極管係第一批[[半導體器件|半導體電子元件]]。德國物理學家[[費迪南德·布勞恩]]喺 1874 年發現咗[[晶體|晶體]]礦物同埋金屬之間接觸面嘅不對稱導電性。而家，大多數二極管都係用[[矽]]整嘅，但係都有用其他半導體材料，好似[[砷化鎵]]同埋[[鍺]]咁。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22518/l/the-constituents-of-semiconductor-components |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710183421/http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-22518/l/the-constituents-of-semiconductor-components |archive-date=2011-07-10 |title=The Constituents of Semiconductor Components |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> 過時嘅'''真空管二極管'''係一種[[真空管]]，佢有兩個[[電極]]，一個加熱嘅[[陰極]]同埋一個[[屏極|陽極]]，喺入面[[電子]]淨係可以單方向流動，由陰極去陽極。 二極管有好多用途，例如喺[[整流器]]入面將[[交流電]] (AC) 功率轉換成[[直流電]] (DC)，喺[[無線電接收器]]入面做[[解調]]，甚至可以用嚟做[[布爾邏輯|邏輯]]或者[[溫度感測器]]。二極管嘅一種常見變體係[[發光二極管]]，佢用嚟做[[電燈照明]]同埋電子設備上面嘅狀態指示燈。 == 主要功能 == === 單向電流流動 === 二極管最常見嘅功能係允許電流喺一個方向通過（叫做二極管嘅「正向」），同時阻止電流喺相反方向流動（「反向」）。佢嘅[[液壓比擬]]就好似[[止回閥]]咁。呢種單向行為可以將交流電 (AC) 轉換成直流電 (DC)，呢個過程叫做[[整流 (電學)|整流]]。作為整流器，二極管可以用喺好多任務度，例如喺[[無線電接收器]]入面從[[無線電信號]]度提取[[調製]]。 === 閾值電壓 === [[File:Siirded forward diode-characteristics.svg|thumb|前向 [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓曲線]]，顯示 4 種常見二極管。]] 二極管嘅行為通常簡化為具有「正向閾值電壓」或者「導通電壓」或者「切入電壓」，高過呢個電壓就會有顯著嘅電流，低過呢個電壓就幾乎冇電流，呢個取決於二極管嘅成分： {| class="wikitable" |+各種半導體二極管嘅正向閾值電壓 !二極管類型 !正向閾值電壓 |- |矽[[肖特基二極管|肖特基]] |0.15 V 到 0.45 V |- |鍺[[p–n二極管|p–n]] |0.25 V 到 0.3 V |- |矽 p–n |0.6 V 到 0.7 [[伏特|V]] |- |[[紅外線]] ([[砷化鎵|GaAs]]) p–n |~1.2 V |- |[[發光二極管]] (LED) |1.6 V (紅色) 到 4 V (紫色)。 [[發光二極管物理學|材料]] 有完整列表。 |} 呢個電壓可以鬆散噉叫做二極管嘅「正向壓降」或者淨係「壓降」，因為指數函數嘅陡峭性嘅結果係，喺正常正向偏壓操作條件下，二極管嘅壓降唔會顯著超過閾值電壓。[[數據表]]通常會引用指定電流同埋溫度下嘅典型或者最大「正向電壓」(V_F)（例如 LED 嘅 20 mA 同埋 25 '''°'''C），<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About LEDs |url=https://learn.adafruit.com/all-about-leds/forward-voltage-and-kvl |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Adafruit Learning System |language=en-US}}</ref> 等用戶可以保證喺乜嘢時候會有一定量嘅電流開始流動。喺較高電流下，二極管嘅正向壓降會增加。例如，對於矽功率二極管嚟講，喺滿額定電流下，壓降通常係 1 V 到 1.5 V。（亦都睇下：[[整流器|整流器壓降]]） 不過，半導體二極管嘅[[指數函數|指數]] [[電流-電壓特性曲線]] 實際上比呢個簡單嘅開-關動作更加漸進。<ref name="Turner">{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=L. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N0gBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 |title=Electronics Engineer's Reference Book, 4th Ed. |date=2015 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-1483161273 |pages=8.14–8.22}}</ref> 雖然指數函數喺線性刻度上面睇嗰陣，喺呢個閾值附近可能睇起嚟有一個明確嘅「[[曲線膝點|膝部]]」，但係個膝部係一種錯覺，佢取決於表示電流嘅 y 軸刻度。喺[[半對數圖]]入面（電流用[[對數刻度]]，電壓用線性刻度），二極管嘅指數曲線反而睇起嚟更似一條直線。 由於二極管嘅正向壓降隨電流變化得好少，而且更多係溫度嘅函數，所以呢個效應可以用嚟做[[#溫度測量|溫度感測器]]或者某種程度上唔精確嘅[[電壓參考]]。 === 反向擊穿 === 當二極管兩端嘅反向電壓達到一個叫做[[擊穿電壓]]嘅值嗰陣，二極管對反向流動電流嘅高電阻會突然下降到低電阻。呢個效應用嚟調節電壓（[[齊納二極管]]）或者保護電路免受高壓浪湧嘅影響（[[雪崩二極管]]）。 === 其他功能 === 半導體二極管嘅電流-電壓特性可以通過選擇[[半導體材料]]同埋喺製造過程入面引入材料嘅[[摻雜 (半導體)|摻雜]]雜質嚟調整。<ref name="Turner" /> 呢啲技術用嚟製造執行好多唔同功能嘅專用二極管。<ref name="Turner" /> 例如，電子調諧收音機同埋電視接收器（[[變容二極管]]），產生[[射頻|射頻]] [[振盪]]（[[隧道二極管]]、[[耿氏二極管]]、[[IMPATT二極管]]），同埋產生光（[[發光二極管]]）。隧道二極管、耿氏二極管同埋 IMPATT 二極管表現出[[負電阻]]，佢喺[[微波]]同埋開關電路入面好有用。 二極管，無論係真空管定係半導體，都可以用嚟做[[噪聲發生器#散粒噪聲發生器|散粒噪聲發生器]]。 == 歷史 == {{Further|真空管#歷史同發展}} [[File:Diode-english-text.svg|thumb|[[真空管]]二極管嘅結構。燈絲本身可能係陰極，或者更常見嘅情況係（如圖所示）用嚟加熱單獨嘅金屬管，金屬管充當陰極。]] 熱電子（[[真空管]]）二極管同埋[[固態電子學|固態]]（半導體）二極管係喺 1900 年代初期，大約同一時間，作為無線電接收器[[檢波器 (無線電)|檢波器]]分別開發出嚟嘅。<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guarnieri|first=M.|date=2011|title=Trailblazers in Solid-State Electronics|journal=IEEE Ind. Electron. M.|volume=5|issue=4|pages=46–47|doi=10.1109/MIE.2011.943016|s2cid=45476055}}</ref> 直到 1950 年代，真空二極管喺無線電入面都用得更加頻繁，因為早期嘅點接觸半導體二極管唔夠穩定。此外，大多數接收器都用真空管做放大，佢哋可以好容易噉將熱電子二極管包含喺真空管入面（例如 [[12SQ7]] [[雙二極三極管]]），而且真空管整流器同埋充氣整流器能夠比當時可用嘅半導體二極管（例如 [[硒整流器]]）更好噉處理一啲高電壓/高電流整流任務。 喺 1873 年，[[弗雷德里克·格思里 (科學家)|弗雷德里克·格思里]]觀察到，一個接地嘅、白熾嘅金屬球靠近驗電器嗰陣，會令帶正電荷嘅驗電器放電，但係唔會令帶負電荷嘅驗電器放電。<ref>Guthrie, Frederick (October 1873) [https://books.google.com/books?id=U08wAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA257 "On a relation between heat and static electricity,"] ''The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science'', 4th series, '''46''': 257–266.</ref><ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/richardson-lecture.pdf 1928 Nobel Lecture:] Owen W. Richardson, "Thermionic phenomena and the laws which govern them", December 12, 1929,</ref> 喺 1880 年，托馬斯·愛迪生觀察到燈泡入面加熱元件同埋未加熱元件之間嘅單向電流，後嚟叫做[[熱電子發射#歷史|愛迪生效應]]，並且獲得咗將呢個現象應用於[[直流電|DC]] [[伏特計]]嘅專利。<ref>Edison, Thomas A. "Electrical Meter" {{US patent|307030}} Issue date: Oct 21, 1884</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Redhead |first=P. A. |date=1998-05-01 |title=The birth of electronics: Thermionic emission and vacuum |journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=1394–1401 |doi=10.1116/1.581157 |issn=0734-2101 |bibcode=1998JVSTA..16.1394R}}</ref> 大約 20 年後，[[約翰·安布羅斯·弗萊明]]（[[馬可尼公司]]嘅科學顧問同埋前愛迪生僱員）意識到愛迪生效應可以用嚟做[[檢波器 (無線電)|無線電檢波器]]。弗萊明喺 1904 年 11 月 16 號喺英國獲得咗第一個真正嘅熱電子二極管，[[弗萊明閥]]嘅專利<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmargolin.com/history/trans.htm |title=Road to the Transistor |publisher=Jmargolin.com |access-date=2008-09-22}}</ref> （之後喺 1905 年 11 月獲得咗 {{US patent |803684}} 美國專利）。喺成個真空管時代，真空管二極管都用喺幾乎所有電子產品入面，例如收音機、電視機、音響系統同埋儀器。由於硒整流器技術，之後喺 1960 年代畀半導體二極管取代，佢哋嘅市場份額開始慢慢噉減少。而家，佢哋仍然用喺一啲高功率應用入面，喺呢啲應用入面，佢哋承受瞬態電壓嘅能力同埋佢哋嘅堅固性令佢哋比半導體器件更具優勢，而且佢哋亦都用喺樂器同埋發燒友應用入面。 {{Anchor|晶體二極管}}喺 1874 年，德國科學家[[卡爾·費迪南德·布勞恩]]發現咗金屬同[[礦物]]之間接觸面嘅「單向導電」。<ref>Braun, Ferdinand (1874) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k152378/f580.image.langEN "Ueber die Stromleitung durch Schwefelmetalle"] (On current conduction in metal sulphides), ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', '''153''' : 556–563.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060211010305/http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/braun.htm Karl Ferdinand Braun]. chem.ch.huji.ac.il</ref> 印度科學家[[賈格迪什·錢德拉·玻色]]係第一個喺 1894 年使用晶體嚟檢測無線電波嘅人。<ref name="Sarkar">{{Cite book |last = Sarkar |first= Tapan K. |title = History of wireless |publisher = John Wiley and Sons |year = 2006 |location = US |pages = 94, 291–308 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NBLEAA6QKYkC&pg=PA291 |isbn = 0-471-71814-9}}</ref> [[晶體檢波器]]畀[[格林利夫·惠蒂爾·皮卡德]]開發成用於[[無線電報]]嘅實用設備，佢喺 1903 年發明咗[[矽]]晶體檢波器，並且喺 1906 年 11 月 20 號獲得咗專利。<ref>Pickard, G. W., "Means for receiving intelligence communicated by electric waves" {{US patent|836531}} Issued: August 30, 1906</ref> 其他實驗者嘗試咗各種其他礦物做檢波器。半導體原理對於呢啲早期整流器嘅開發者嚟講係未知嘅。喺 1930 年代，物理學嘅理解得到咗進步，喺 1930 年代中期，貝爾電話實驗室嘅研究人員意識到晶體檢波器喺微波技術應用方面嘅潛力。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01">Scaff, J. H., Ohl, R. S. [https://archive.org/details/bstj26-1-1 "Development of Silicon Crystal Rectifiers for Microwave Radar Receivers"], ''The Bell System Technical Journal'', Vol. 24, No. 1, January 1947. pp. 1 - 30</ref> [[貝爾實驗室]]、[[西電]]、[[麻省理工學院]]、[[普渡大學]]同埋[[英國]]嘅研究人員喺第二次世界大戰期間密集噉開發點接觸二極管（「晶體整流器」或者「晶體二極管」），用於雷達。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01"/></ref> 第二次世界大戰之後，美國電話電報公司喺佢哋橫跨美國嘅微波塔入面使用咗呢啲二極管，而且好多雷達設備甚至喺 21 世紀都重用緊佢哋。喺 1946 年，西爾瓦尼亞開始提供 1N34 晶體二極管。<ref>Cornelius, E. C. [http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Electronics/40s/Electronics-1946-02.pdf "Germanium Crystal Diodes"], ''Electronics'', February 1946, p. 118</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bunkerofdoom.com/tubes/syl43/DATA/1949/1N34.GIF |title = Sylvania 1949 data book page |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180525062316/http://www.bunkerofdoom.com/tubes/syl43/DATA/1949/1N34.GIF |archive-date = 25 May 2018 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>Sylvania, [http://n4trb.com/AmateurRadio/SemiconductorHistory/40%20Uses%20for%20Germanium%20Diodes.pdf ''40 Uses for Germanium Diodes''], Sylvania Electric Products Co., 1949, p. 9</ref> 喺 1950 年代初期，結型二極管開發出咗。 ==詞源== {{Main article|整流器}} 喺佢哋發明嗰陣，不對稱導電器件叫做[[整流器]]。喺[[四極管]]發明嘅 1919 年，[[威廉·亨利·埃克爾斯]]從[[希臘文同拉丁文詞根|希臘文詞根]]度創造咗「二極管」呢個詞語：「di」（嚟自「δί」），意思係「二」，同埋「ode」（嚟自「οδός」），意思係「路徑」。不過，「二極管」呢個詞語已經用緊，[[三極管]]、[[四極管]]、[[五極管]]、[[六極管]]亦都係，作為[[時分多路復用|多路復用]] [[電報]]嘅術語。<ref>{{cite web| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ifA2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA252| title = W. H. Preece, "Multiplex Telegraphy", ''The Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review'', Vol. XIX, September 10, 1886, p. 252| year = 1886}}</ref> 雖然所有二極管都「整流」，但係「整流器」通常適用於用於[[電源供應器]]嘅二極管，嚟區分佢哋同埋用於[[信號 (電子工程)|細信號]]電路嘅二極管。 ==真空管二極管== {{Infobox electronic component | name = 熱電子二極管 | image = [[File:2-50A 2 (2).JPG|225px]] | caption = 一個高功率真空二極管，喺無線電設備入面用做[[整流器]]。 | type = [[熱電子]] | working_principle = | invented = | first_produced = | pins = [[陽極|屏極]]同埋[[陰極]]，加熱器（如果係間接加熱） | symbol = [[File:Vacuum diode.svg|110px]] | symbol_caption = 間接加熱真空管二極管嘅符號。由上到下，元件名稱係：「屏極」、「陰極」同埋「加熱器」。 }} 熱電子二極管係一種[[熱電子管|熱電子管]]器件，佢由一個密封嘅、抽空嘅玻璃或者金屬外殼組成，外殼入面包含兩個[[電極]]：一個[[熱陰極|陰極]]同埋一個[[屏極|陽極]]。陰極係「間接加熱」或者「直接加熱」嘅。如果採用間接加熱，外殼入面就會包含一個加熱器。 喺操作入面，陰極會加熱到[[紅熱]]，大約 {{cvt|800–1000|C}}。直接加熱嘅陰極係用鎢絲整嘅，並且通過從外部電壓源通過佢嘅電流嚟加熱。間接加熱嘅陰極由附近加熱器發出嘅紅外線輻射加熱，加熱器由[[鎳鉻合金]]絲組成，並且由外部電壓源提供嘅電流供電。 [[File:5U4GB.agr.jpg|thumb|upright|100px|left|一個包含兩個功率二極管嘅真空管]] 陰極嘅工作溫度令佢將[[電子]]釋放到真空入面，呢個過程叫做[[熱電子發射]]。陰極塗咗[[鹼土金屬]]嘅[[氧化物]]，例如[[鋇]]同埋[[鍶]]嘅[[氧化物]]。呢啲氧化物具有低[[功函數]]，意味住佢哋比未塗層嘅陰極更容易發射電子。 陽極冇加熱，所以唔會發射電子；但係能夠吸收佢哋。 要整流嘅交流電壓施加喺陰極同陽極之間。當陽極電壓相對於陰極係正嘅時候，陽極[[靜電]]吸引來自陰極嘅電子，因此電子電流會通過真空管從陰極流到陽極。當陽極電壓相對於陰極係負嘅時候，陽極唔會發射電子，因此冇電流可以從陽極流到陰極。 ==半導體二極管==<!-- This section is linked from [[Boltzmann constant]] --> [[File:EFD108_Point_Contact_Germanium_Diode.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|EFD108 鍺點接觸二極管嘅特寫，採用 DO7 玻璃封裝，顯示形成半導體結嘅尖銳金屬絲（「貓鬚」）。]] ===點接觸二極管=== 點接觸二極管係喺 1930 年代開始，從早期嘅[[晶體檢波器]]技術度開發出嚟嘅，而家通常用於 3 到 30 吉赫茲嘅範圍。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01"/><ref name="SG">{{cite web| url = https://www.semigen.net/point-contact-diodes/| title = SemiGen Inc.}}</ref><ref name="AS">{{cite web| url = http://www.advancedsemiconductor.com/pdf/diodes/SiliconPointContactMixer.pdf| title = Advanced Semiconductor, Inc.| access-date = 2018-05-24| archive-date = 2023-05-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230521233514/http://www.advancedsemiconductor.com/pdf/diodes/SiliconPointContactMixer.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="MB">{{cite web| url = https://massbaytech.com/point-contact-diodes/| title = Massachusetts Bay Technologies}}</ref> 點接觸二極管使用一條小直徑金屬絲，佢同半導體晶體接觸，並且係「非焊接」接觸類型或者「焊接」接觸類型嘅。非焊接接觸結構利用肖特基勢壘原理。金屬側係一條小直徑金屬絲嘅尖端，佢同半導體晶體接觸。<ref name="HC">{{cite web| url = https://www.scribd.com/document/37134001/MIT-Radiaton-Lab-Series-V15-Crystal-Rectifiers| title = H. C. Torrey, C. A. Whitmer, ''Crystal Rectifiers'', New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948}}</ref> 喺焊接接觸類型入面，喺製造期間，通過瞬間通過器件嘅相對較大電流，喺金屬點周圍嘅另一個 N 型晶體入面形成一個細小嘅 P 區。<ref>{{cite web| url = https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/fe/87/8a/7e1064ddfc7d8a/US2704818.pdf| title = H. Q. North, ''Asymmetrically Conductive Device'', U.S. patent 2,704,818}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://archive.org/stream/neetsmodules_202003/NEETS%20MOD%2011%20NAVEDTRA%2014183A#page/n181/mode/2up| title = U. S. Navy Center for Surface Combat Systems, ''Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 11'', 2012, pp. 2-81–2-83}}</ref> 點接觸二極管通常表現出比結型二極管更低嘅電容、更高嘅正向電阻同埋更大嘅反向洩漏。 ===結型二極管=== ====p–n結二極管==== {{Main article|p–n二極管}} p–n 結二極管係用[[半導體]]晶體整嘅，通常係矽，但係[[鍺]]同埋[[砷化鎵]]亦都有用。雜質會添加落去，喺一側創建一個包含負[[電荷載流子]]（電子）嘅區域，叫做[[n型半導體]]，喺另一側創建一個包含正電荷載流子（[[電子空穴|空穴]]）嘅區域，叫做[[p型半導體]]。當 n 型同埋 p 型材料連接埋一齊嗰陣，電子會從 n 側流向 p 側，產生瞬時嘅電子流動，喺兩者之間形成第三個區域，入面冇電荷載流子。呢個區域叫做[[耗盡區]]，因為入面冇電荷載流子（既冇電子又冇空穴）。二極管嘅端子連接到 n 型同埋 p 型區域。呢兩個區域之間嘅邊界，叫做[[p–n結]]，係二極管作用發生嘅地方。當施加到 P 側（[[陽極]]）嘅[[電勢]]明顯高過 N 側（[[陰極]]）嘅[[電勢]]嗰陣，佢會允許電子通過耗盡區從 N 型側流到 P 型側。當以相反方向施加電勢嗰陣，結唔允許電子喺相反方向流動，喺某種意義上，創造咗一個電子[[止回閥]]。 ====肖特基二極管==== {{Main article|肖特基二極管}} 另一種類型嘅結型二極管，[[肖特基二極管]]，係由[[金屬-半導體結]]形成嘅，而唔係 p–n 結，呢個減少咗電容並且提高咗開關速度。<ref name="skyworks_01">{{cite web| url = http://www.skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200826A.pdf| title = Skyworks Solutions, Inc., ''Mixer and Detector Diodes''| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2018年7月12號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180712170346/http://www.skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200826A.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.microsemi.com/product-directory/rf-microwave-a-millimeter-wave/1575-diodes-schottky| title = Microsemi Corporation Schottky web page| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2022年8月15號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220815030104/https://www.microsemi.com/product-directory/rf-microwave-a-millimeter-wave/1575-diodes-schottky| url-status = dead}}</ref> ===電流-電壓特性曲線=== 半導體二極管喺電路入面嘅行為由佢嘅[[電流-電壓特性曲線]]畀出。曲線嘅形狀由電荷載流子通過所謂嘅「[[耗盡層|耗盡層]]」或者「[[耗盡區]]」嘅傳輸決定，佢存在於唔同半導體之間嘅[[p–n結]]度。當 p–n 結第一次創建嗰陣，嚟自 N-[[摻雜劑|摻雜]]區域嘅導帶（可移動）電子會擴散到 P-[[摻雜劑|摻雜]]區域，喺嗰度有大量空穴（電子嘅空位），電子會同空穴「複合」。當一個可移動電子同一個空穴複合嗰陣，空穴同電子都會消失，喺 N 側留低一個固定嘅帶正電荷嘅施體（摻雜劑），喺 P 側留低一個帶負電荷嘅受體（摻雜劑）。p–n 結周圍嘅區域嘅[[電荷載流子]]會耗盡，因此表現得好似[[絕緣體 (電學)|絕緣體]]一樣。 不過，耗盡區嘅寬度（叫做[[耗盡寬度]]）唔可以無限增長。對於每次[[電子-空穴對]]複合，N 型摻雜區域入面都會留低一個帶正電荷嘅[[摻雜劑]]離子，P 型摻雜區域入面都會創建一個帶負電荷嘅摻雜劑離子。隨住複合嘅進行同埋更多離子嘅創建，通過耗盡區會形成一個不斷增強嘅電場，佢嘅作用係減慢，然後最終停止複合。喺呢個時候，耗盡區兩端會存在一個「內建」電勢。 [[File:PN band.gif|thumb|upright=2.8<!--max normally 1.8 but WP:IAR-->|none|低正向偏壓模式下嘅 [[p–n結]]二極管。[[耗盡寬度]]隨電壓增加而減小。p 結同 n 結都喺 1e15/cm3 [[摻雜 (半導體)|摻雜]]水平下摻雜，導致內建電勢約為 0.59V。觀察 n 區同 p 區入面導帶同價帶嘅唔同 [[準費米能級]]（紅色曲線）。]] ====反向偏壓==== {{See also|p–n二極管#反向偏壓}} 如果將一個外部電壓施加喺二極管兩端，佢嘅極性同內建電勢相同，耗盡區就會繼續充當絕緣體，阻止任何顯著嘅電流流動（除非[[電子-空穴對]]喺結入面主動創建，例如通過光；睇下 [[光電二極管]]）。 ====正向偏壓==== {{See also|p–n二極管#正向偏壓}} 不過，如果外部電壓嘅極性同內建電勢相反，複合就可以再次進行，導致通過 p–n 結產生顯著嘅電流（即係喺結處複合嘅電子同埋空穴數量顯著增加），佢隨電壓呈指數增長。 ====工作區域==== [[File:Diode current wiki.png|thumb|upright=1.4|p–n 結二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線]]，顯示三個區域：「'''擊穿'''」、「'''反向'''偏壓」、「'''正向'''偏壓」。指數函數嘅「膝部」喺 ''V''_d。喺較大正向電流下發生嘅趨於平緩區域冇顯示出嚟。]] 二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線]] 可以用四個工作區域嚟近似。從較低到較高嘅偏置電壓，呢啲區域係： '''擊穿'''：喺非常大嘅反向偏壓下，超過[[峰值反向電壓]] (PIV)，會發生一個叫做反向[[雪崩擊穿|擊穿]]嘅過程，佢會導致電流大幅增加（即係喺 p–n 結處產生大量電子同埋空穴，並且從 p–n 結處移開），通常會永久損壞器件。[[雪崩二極管]]係特登設計成喺呢種方式下使用嘅。喺[[齊納二極管]]入面，PIV 嘅概念唔適用。齊納二極管包含一個重摻雜嘅 p–n 結，允許電子從 p 型材料嘅價帶隧道效應到 n 型材料嘅導帶，咁樣反向電壓就會「鉗位」到一個已知嘅值（叫做「齊納電壓」），而雪崩唔會發生。不過，兩種器件喺鉗位反向電壓區域入面都可以承受嘅最大電流同埋功率都有一個限制。此外，喺任何二極管入面嘅正向導通結束之後，都會喺短時間內出現反向電流。器件要等到反向電流停止之後先至可以獲得佢嘅全部阻斷能力。 '''反向偏壓'''：對於擊穿電壓同埋 0 V 之間嘅偏壓，反向電流非常細，並且漸近噉接近 -''I''_s。對於普通嘅 P–N 整流二極管嚟講，通過器件嘅反向電流喺微安 (μA) 範圍內。不過，呢個係同溫度相關嘅，喺足夠高嘅溫度下，可以觀察到大量嘅反向電流（mA 或者更大）。仲有一個微小嘅表面洩漏電流，佢係由電子簡單噉繞過二極管產生嘅，好似佢係一個唔完美嘅絕緣體噉。[[File:DiodeGenCharacteristics1.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px|各種二極管嘅 [[半對數]] I–V（對數電流與線性電壓）圖。]] '''正向偏壓'''：電流-電壓曲線係[[指數函數|指數]]，近似於[[肖克利二極管方程]]。當使用線性電流刻度繪製嗰陣，會出現一個平滑嘅「[[曲線膝點|膝部]]」，但係喺半對數圖上面睇唔到清晰嘅閾值電壓。 '''趨於平緩'''：喺較大嘅正向電流下，電流-電壓曲線開始畀塊狀半導體嘅歐姆電阻主導。曲線唔再係指數曲線，佢漸近於一條直線，佢嘅斜率係塊狀電阻。呢個區域對於功率二極管嚟講尤其重要，可以用一個「肖克利理想二極管」同埋一個固定電阻串聯嚟建模。 ===肖克利二極管方程=== {{main article|肖克利二極管方程}} 「肖克利理想二極管方程」或者「二極管定律」（以 [[雙極性電晶體]] 嘅共同發明者 [[威廉·肖克利|威廉·布拉德福德·肖克利]] 命名）[[概念模型|建模]]二極管喺中等正向或者反向偏壓下嘅[[指數函數|指數]] [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓 (I–V) 關係]]。[[肖克利二極管方程]] 呢篇文章提供咗詳細資訊。 ===小信號行為=== 喺低於飽和電壓嘅正向電壓下，大多數二極管嘅電壓與電流特性曲線唔係一條直線。電流可以用 <math>I = I_\text{S} e^{V_\text{D}/(n V_\text{T})}</math> 嚟近似，正如 [[肖克利二極管方程]] 呢篇文章入面解釋嘅噉。 喺檢波器同埋混頻器應用入面，電流可以用泰勒級數嚟估計。<ref name="Giacoletto_1977">{{cite book |author-first=Lawrence Joseph |author-last=Giacoletto |title=Electronics Designers' Handbook |location=New York |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |date=1977 |pages=24–138}}</ref> 奇數項可以省略，因為佢哋產生嘅頻率分量喺混頻器或者檢波器嘅通帶之外。通常唔需要包含二階導數之後嘅偶數項，因為同二階項相比，佢哋好細。<ref name="Giacoletto_1977" /></ref> 期望嘅電流分量大約同輸入電壓嘅平方成正比，因此喺呢個區域入面，響應叫做「[[平方律檢波器|平方律]]」。<ref name="HC" />{{rp|p. 3}} ===反向恢復效應=== 喺 p–n 型二極管入面正向導通結束之後，反向電流可以喺短時間內流動。器件要等到結入面嘅可移動電荷耗盡之後先至可以獲得佢嘅阻斷能力。 當非常快速噉開關大電流嗰陣，呢個效應可能會好顯著。<ref>[http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5817/hw/hw1/Diode%20reverse%20recovery%20in%20a%20boost%20converter.pdf Diode reverse recovery in a boost converter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214034/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5817/hw/hw1/Diode%20reverse%20recovery%20in%20a%20boost%20converter.pdf |date=2011-10-07 }}. ECEN5817. ecee.colorado.edu</ref> 可能需要一定量嘅「反向恢復時間」 {{mvar|t}}_r （數量級為幾十納秒到幾微秒），嚟從二極管度移除反向恢復電荷 {{mvar|Q}}_r。喺呢個恢復時間入面，二極管實際上可以喺反向導通。呢個可能會喺短時間內產生一個大嘅反向電流，喺二極管處於反向偏壓嘅時候。呢種反向電流嘅大小由工作電路（即係串聯電阻）決定，而二極管就叫做處於儲存階段。<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1109/LED.2014.2353301| title = Gate-Controlled Reverse Recovery for Characterization of LDMOS Body Diode| journal = IEEE Electron Device Letters| volume = 35| issue = 11| page = 1079| year = 2014| last1 = Elhami Khorasani | first1 = A. | last2 = Griswold | first2 = M. | last3 = Alford | first3 = T. L.|bibcode = 2014IEDL...35.1079E | s2cid = 7012254}}</ref> <!-- That is to say, current will effectively flow from the cathode to the anode! --> 喺一啲真實世界嘅情況下，考慮到呢種非理想二極管效應造成嘅損耗係好重要嘅。<ref>[http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5797/course_material/SwLossSlides.pdf Inclusion of Switching Loss in the Averaged Equivalent Circuit Model] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214049/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5797/course_material/SwLossSlides.pdf |date=2011-10-07 }}. ECEN5797. ecee.colorado.edu</ref> 不過，當電流嘅 [[轉換速率]] 唔係咁嚴重嗰陣（例如 線頻率），呢個效應可以安全噉忽略。對於大多數應用嚟講，對於 [[肖特基二極管]] 嚟講，呢個效應亦都係可以忽略不計嘅。 當儲存嘅電荷耗盡嗰陣，反向電流會突然停止；[[階躍恢復二極管]] 就係利用呢個突兀嘅停止嚟產生極短嘅脈衝。 ===半導體二極管嘅類型=== [[File:Forward_and_Reverse_Characteristics_for_diodes-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|幾種類型二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓曲線]]]] 正常嘅 (p–n) 二極管，佢哋嘅工作方式如上所述，通常係用摻雜[[矽]]或者[[鍺]]整嘅。喺矽功率整流二極管開發之前，[[氧化亞銅]]，然後係[[硒]]都用過。佢哋嘅低效率需要施加更高嘅正向電壓（通常每個「單元」 1.4 到 1.7 V，堆疊多個單元嚟增加高壓整流器應用嘅峰值反向電壓額定值），並且需要一個大型散熱器（通常係二極管金屬[[基板 (半導體)|基板]]嘅延伸部分），佢比後嚟相同電流額定值嘅矽二極管所需嘅散熱器大好多。絕大多數嘅二極管都係 [[CMOS]] [[積體電路]] 入面嘅 p–n 二極管，<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roddick|first=R.G.|title=Tunnel Diode Circuit Analysis|date=1962-10-01|doi=10.2172/4715062|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1033487/}}</ref> 佢哋每個引腳包含兩個二極管，仲有好多其他內部二極管。 ; [[雪崩二極管]] : 呢啲係反向偏壓電壓超過擊穿電壓嗰陣，喺反向導通嘅二極管。佢哋喺電氣方面同齊納二極管非常相似（而且經常畀人錯誤噉叫做齊納二極管），但係佢哋嘅擊穿機制唔同：係「雪崩效應」。當施加喺 p–n 結兩端嘅反向電場引起電離波嗰陣，就會發生雪崩效應，令人聯想到雪崩，導致大電流。雪崩二極管設計成喺明確定義嘅反向電壓下擊穿而唔會損壞。雪崩二極管（佢嘅反向擊穿電壓高過約 6.2 V）同埋齊納二極管之間嘅區別在於，前者嘅通道長度超過咗電子嘅平均自由程，導致電子喺通過通道嘅路徑上發生多次碰撞。呢兩種類型之間唯一嘅實際區別係佢哋嘅溫度係數具有相反嘅極性。 ; [[恆流二極管]] : 呢啲實際上係 [[JFET]]<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_CurrentRegulatorDiodes.pdf Current regulator diodes]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref>，閘極同源極短接埋一齊，佢嘅功能就好似限制電壓嘅齊納二極管嘅雙端電流限制模擬元件。佢哋允許通過佢哋嘅電流上升到某個值，然後穩定喺一個特定嘅值。亦都叫做「CLD」、「恆流二極管」、「二極管連接電晶體」或者「電流調節二極管」。 ; [[#點接觸二極管|晶體整流器或者晶體二極管]] : 呢啲係點接觸二極管。<ref name="HC" /></ref> 1N21 系列同埋其他系列用於雷達同埋微波接收器入面嘅混頻器同埋檢波器應用。<ref name="SG" /><ref name="AS"/><ref name="MB"/></ref> 1N34A 係晶體二極管嘅另一個例子。<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nteinc.com/specs/original/1N34A.pdf| title = NTE data sheet| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2023年4月24號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230424064539/https://www.nteinc.com/specs/original/1N34A.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> ; [[耿氏二極管]] : 佢哋同隧道二極管相似，因為佢哋係用 GaAs 或者 InP 等材料整嘅，呢啲材料表現出[[負電阻|負微分電阻]]嘅區域。喺適當嘅偏壓下，偶極子域會形成並穿過二極管，等可以構建高頻[[微波]] [[電子振盪器|振盪器]]。 ;[[發光二極管]] (LED) :喺用[[直接帶隙]]半導體（例如 [[砷化鎵]]）形成嘅二極管入面，跨越結嘅電荷載流子喺同另一側嘅多數載流子複合嗰陣，會發射[[光子]]。根據材料嘅唔同，可能會產生從[[紅外線]]到近[[紫外線]]嘅[[波長]]（或者顏色）。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ClassificationOfComponents.pdf Classification of components]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22517/l/component-construction--vishay-optoelectronics |title=Component Construction |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516081713/http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22517/l/component-construction--vishay-optoelectronics |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 第一批 LED 係紅色同黃色，隨著時間嘅推移，開發出咗更高頻率嘅二極管。所有 LED 都產生非相干嘅、窄頻譜嘅光；「[[發光二極管#白色|白色]] LED」實際上係一種藍色 LED，佢帶有黃色 [[閃爍體]] 塗層，或者係三種唔同顏色 LED 嘅組合。LED 亦都可以喺信號應用入面用做低效率光電二極管。LED 可以同光電二極管或者光電晶體管喺同一個封裝入面配對，形成[[光耦合器]]。 ; [[激光二極管]] : 當 LED 樣式嘅結構包含喺通過拋光平行端面形成嘅[[光學腔|諧振腔]]入面嗰陣，就可以形成[[激光]]。激光二極管通常用於[[光學儲存]]設備同埋高速[[光學通訊]]。 ; [[熱二極管]] : 呢個術語既可以用於用於監測溫度嘅傳統 p–n 二極管（因為佢哋嘅正向電壓會隨溫度變化），又可以用於[[珀耳帖-塞貝克效應|珀耳帖熱泵]]，用於[[熱電冷卻|熱電加熱同冷卻]]。珀耳帖熱泵可以用半導體整，雖然佢哋冇任何整流結，但係佢哋利用 N 型同 P 型半導體入面電荷載流子嘅唔同行為嚟移動熱量。 ; [[光電二極管]] : 所有半導體都容易受到光學[[電荷載流子]]產生嘅影響。呢個通常係一種唔想要嘅效應，所以大多數半導體都封裝喺遮光材料入面。光電二極管旨在感應光（[[光檢測器]]），所以佢哋封裝喺允許光通過嘅材料入面，並且通常係 PIN 型（對光最敏感嘅二極管類型）。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ComponentConstruction.pdf Component Construction]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref> 光電二極管可以用喺[[太陽能電池]]、[[光度測定法 (光學)|光度測定法]]或者[[光學通訊]]入面。多個光電二極管可以封裝喺單個器件入面，以線性陣列或者二維陣列嘅形式。呢啲陣列唔應該同 [[電荷耦合器件]] 混淆。 ; [[PIN二極管]] : PIN 二極管有一個中心嘅未摻雜或者「本徵」層，形成 p 型/本徵/n 型結構。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics |title=Physics and Technology |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516081725/http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 佢哋用做射頻開關同埋衰減器。佢哋亦都用做大體積、電離輻射檢測器同埋[[光檢測器]]。PIN 二極管亦都用喺[[功率電子學]]入面，因為佢哋嘅中心層可以承受高電壓。此外，PIN 結構可以喺好多[[功率半導體器件]]入面搵到，例如 [[IGBT]]、功率 [[MOSFET]] 同埋 [[閘流管]]。 ;[[肖特基二極管]] :[[沃爾特·H·肖特基|肖特基]] 二極管係由金屬到半導體嘅接觸面構造而成嘅。佢哋嘅正向壓降比 p–n 結二極管低。佢哋喺約 1 mA 正向電流下嘅正向壓降喺 0.15 V 到 0.45 V 嘅範圍內，呢個令佢哋喺電壓 [[鉗位電路|鉗位應用]] 同埋防止電晶體飽和方面好有用。佢哋亦都可以用做低損耗[[整流器]]，雖然佢哋嘅反向洩漏電流通常比其他二極管嘅反向洩漏電流高。肖特基二極管係 [[多數載流子]] 器件，因此唔會受到少數載流子儲存問題嘅影響，呢個問題會拖慢好多其他二極管嘅速度——因此佢哋嘅反向恢復速度比 p–n 結二極管快。佢哋嘅結電容亦都傾向於比 p–n 二極管細好多，呢個提供咗高開關速度，並且佢哋可以用於高速電路同埋射頻器件，例如[[開關模式電源]]、[[混頻器]]同埋[[檢波器 (無線電)|檢波器]]。 ; 超勢壘二極管 : 超勢壘二極管係整流二極管，佢結合咗肖特基二極管嘅低正向壓降同埋普通 p–n 結二極管嘅浪湧處理能力同低反向洩漏電流。 ;[[金]]摻雜二極管 : 作為摻雜劑，金（或者 [[鉑]]）充當複合中心，佢有助於少數載流子嘅快速複合。呢個令二極管可以喺更高嘅信號頻率下工作，代價係更高嘅正向壓降。金摻雜二極管比其他 p–n 二極管更快（但係冇肖特基二極管咁快）。佢哋嘅反向電流洩漏亦都比肖特基二極管少（但係冇其他 p–n 二極管咁好）。<ref>[http://www.ixyspower.com/images/technical_support/Application%20Notes%20By%20Topic/FREDs,%20Schottky%20and%20GaAS%20Diodes/IXAN0044.pdf Fast Recovery Epitaxial Diodes (FRED) Characteristics – Applications – Examples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326113147/http://www.ixyspower.com/images/technical_support/Application%20Notes%20By%20Topic/FREDs,%20Schottky%20and%20GaAS%20Diodes/IXAN0044.pdf |date=2009-03-26 }}. (PDF). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref><ref>Sze, S. M. (1998) ''Modern Semiconductor Device Physics'', Wiley Interscience, {{ISBN|0-471-15237-4}}</ref> 一個典型嘅例子係 1N914。 ; 突崩或者 [[階躍恢復二極管]] : 術語「階躍恢復」同呢啲器件嘅反向恢復特性嘅形式有關。喺正向電流已經喺 [[階躍恢復二極管|SRD]] 入面通過，並且電流中斷或者反轉之後，反向導通會非常突然噉停止（好似喺階躍波形入面噉）。因此，SRD 可以通過電荷載流子嘅非常突然嘅消失嚟提供非常快速嘅電壓躍遷。 ; [[穩壓二極管]] 或者「正向參考二極管」 : 術語「穩壓二極管」係指一種特殊類型嘅二極管，佢嘅特點係具有極其穩定嘅 [[p–n結#正向偏壓|正向電壓]] 特性。呢啲器件係專門為低電壓穩定應用而設計嘅，佢哋需要喺廣闊嘅電流範圍內保證電壓，並且喺溫度範圍內高度穩定。 ;[[瞬態電壓抑制二極管]] (TVS) : 呢啲係雪崩二極管，專門設計嚟保護其他半導體器件免受高壓 [[瞬變 (振盪)|瞬變]] 嘅影響。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ProtectingLowCurrentLoads.pdf Protecting Low Current Loads in Harsh Electrical Environments]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref> 佢哋嘅 p–n 結嘅橫截面積比普通二極管嘅橫截面積大好多，等佢哋可以將大電流傳導到接地而唔會受到損壞。 ; [[隧道二極管]] 或者 [[江崎二極管|江崎二極管]] : 呢啲二極管有一個工作區域，佢顯示[[負電阻]]，佢係由[[量子隧道效應]]引起嘅，<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jonscher, A. K. |doi=10.1088/0508-3443/12/12/304|title=The physics of the tunnel diode|year=1961|journal=British Journal of Applied Physics|volume=12|issue=12|page=654|bibcode = 1961BJAP...12..654J }}</ref> 允許放大信號同埋非常簡單嘅雙穩態電路。由於高載流子濃度，隧道二極管速度非常快，可以用喺低溫 (mK)、高磁場同埋高輻射環境入面。<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Dowdey, J. E. |author2=Travis, C. M. |doi= 10.1109/TNS2.1964.4315475|title=An Analysis of Steady-State Nuclear Radiation Damage of Tunnel Diodes|year=1964|journal=IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science|volume=11|issue=5|page=55|bibcode = 1964ITNS...11...55D }}</ref> 由於呢啲特性，佢哋通常用喺太空船入面。 ; [[變容二極管]] 或者變容管 : 呢啲用做壓控[[電容器]]。佢哋喺 PLL（[[鎖相環]]）同埋 FLL（[[鎖頻環]]）電路入面好重要，佢哋允許調諧電路（例如電視接收器入面嘅電路）快速鎖定頻率。佢哋亦都令收音機嘅早期離散調諧入面嘅可調諧振盪器成為可能，喺呢啲收音機入面，一個平價且穩定，但係固定頻率嘅晶體振盪器為 [[壓控振盪器]] 提供咗參考頻率。 ; [[齊納二極管]] : 佢哋可以製成喺反向偏壓（反向）下導通，並且正確嘅術語係反向擊穿二極管。呢個叫做 [[齊納擊穿]] 嘅效應，發生喺精確定義嘅電壓下，允許二極管用做精密電壓參考。術語齊納二極管口語化噉應用於幾種類型嘅擊穿二極管，但係嚴格嚟講，齊納二極管嘅擊穿電壓低於 5 伏特，而雪崩二極管用於高於呢個值嘅擊穿電壓。喺實際嘅電壓參考電路入面，齊納二極管同埋開關二極管串聯並且反向連接，嚟平衡二極管嘅溫度係數響應，使其接近於零。一啲標記為高壓齊納二極管嘅器件實際上係雪崩二極管（睇上面）。兩個（等效）齊納二極管串聯並且反向排序，喺同一個封裝入面，構成一個瞬態吸收器（或者 [[Transorb]]，一個註冊商標）。 ===圖形符號=== {{Main article|電子符號}} 用於表示[[電路圖]]入面特定類型二極管嘅符號，向讀者傳達咗一般嘅電氣功能。一啲類型嘅二極管有替代符號，不過差異好細微。符號入面嘅三角形指向正向，即係[[慣用電流]]流動嘅方向。 <gallery> File:Diode symbol.svg|二極管 File:LED symbol.svg|[[發光二極管]] (LED) File:Photodiode symbol.svg|[[光電二極管]] File:Schottky diode symbol.svg|[[肖特基二極管]] File:Transient voltage suppression diode symbol.svg|[[瞬態電壓抑制二極管]] (TVS) File:Tunnel diode symbol.svg|[[隧道二極管]] File:Varicap symbol.svg|[[變容二極管]] File:Zener diode symbol.svg|[[齊納二極管]] File:Diode pinout en fr.svg|典型嘅二極管封裝，對齊方式同二極管符號相同。幼線表示[[陰極]]。 </gallery> ===編號同編碼方案=== 二極管有好多常見嘅、標準嘅同埋製造商驅動嘅編號同編碼方案；最常見嘅兩種係 [[電子工業協會|EIA]]/[[JEDEC]] 標準同埋歐洲 [[Pro Electron]] 標準： ====EIA/JEDEC==== 標準化嘅 1N 系列編號 「[[JEDEC#起源|EIA370]]」系統喺 1960 年左右由 EIA/JEDEC（聯合電子器件工程委員會）喺美國推出。大多數二極管都有一個 1 字首標識（例如，1N4003）。呢個系列入面最受歡迎嘅係：1N34A/1N270（鍺信號）、1N914/[[1N4148信號二極管|1N4148]]（矽信號）、[[1N400x通用二極管|1N400x]]（矽 1A 功率整流器）同埋 [[1N58xx肖特基二極管|1N580x]]（矽 3A 功率整流器）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jedec.org/Home/about_jedec.cfm |title=About JEDEC |publisher=Jedec.org |access-date=2008-09-22 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722152604/http://www.jedec.org/about-jedec |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.elektroda.net/introduction-dates-of-common-transistors-and-diodes-t94332.html |title=Introduction dates of common transistors and diodes? |publisher=EDAboard.com |date=2010-06-10 |access-date=2010-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011133032/http://news.elektroda.net/introduction-dates-of-common-transistors-and-diodes-t94332.html |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm |title=Transistor Museum Construction Projects Point Contact Germanium Western Electric Vintage Historic Semiconductors Photos Alloy Junction Oral History |publisher=Semiconductormuseum.com |author=I.D.E.A |access-date=2008-09-22}}</ref> ====JIS==== [[JIS半導體命名]]系統嘅所有半導體二極管命名都以「1S」開頭。 ====Pro Electron==== 歐洲 [[Pro Electron]] 有源元件編碼系統喺 1966 年推出，佢包括兩個字母，後面跟住零件代碼。第一個字母表示用於元件嘅半導體材料（A = 鍺，B = 矽），第二個字母表示零件嘅一般功能（對於二極管，A = 低功率/信號，B = 可變電容，X = 倍增器，Y = 整流器，Z = 電壓參考）；例如： AA 系列鍺低功率/信號二極管（例如，AA119） BA 系列矽低功率/信號二極管（例如，BAT18 矽射頻開關二極管） BY 系列矽整流二極管（例如，BY127 1250V，1A 整流二極管） BZ 系列矽齊納二極管（例如，BZY88C4V7 4.7V 齊納二極管） 其他常見嘅編號/編碼系統（通常由製造商驅動）包括： GD 系列鍺二極管（例如，GD9）——呢個係一個非常舊嘅編碼系統 OA 系列鍺二極管（例如，OA47）——[[穆拉德-飛利浦真空管命名|編碼序列]]，由英國公司 [[穆拉德]] 開發 ==相關器件== [[整流器]] [[電晶體]] [[閘流管]] 或者矽控整流器 (SCR) [[TRIAC]] [[DIAC]] [[壓敏電阻]] 喺光學入面，二極管嘅等效器件，但係用激光嘅話，會係 [[光隔離器]]，又叫做光學二極管，佢允許光淨係喺一個方向通過。佢使用 [[法拉第旋轉器]] 作為主要組件。<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-805345-4.00006-8 |chapter=Passive optical components |title=Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications |date=2020 |last1=Hui |first1=Rongqing |pages=209–297 |isbn=978-0-12-805345-4 }}</ref> ==應用== ===無線電解調=== [[File:Simple envelope detector.svg|thumb|300x300px|一個簡單嘅 [[包絡檢波器|包絡解調器]] 電路。]] 二極管嘅第一個用途係[[幅度調製|幅度調製]] (AM) 無線電廣播嘅解調。[[晶體檢波器]] 呢篇文章入面深入探討咗呢個發現嘅歷史。總之，AM 信號由無線電載波嘅交替正峰同負峰組成，佢嘅 [[幅度]] 或者包絡線同原始音頻信號成正比。二極管[[整流器|整流]] AM 無線電頻率信號，淨係留低載波嘅正峰。然後使用一個簡單嘅 [[電子濾波器|濾波器]] 從整流後嘅載波度提取音頻，並且饋送到音頻放大器或者 [[換能器]]，佢通過 [[揚聲器|音頻揚聲器]] 產生聲波。 喺微波同毫米波技術入面，從 1930 年代開始，研究人員改進咗晶體檢波器並且將佢小型化。[[#點接觸二極管|點接觸二極管]]（「晶體二極管」）同埋 [[#結型二極管|肖特基二極管]] 用喺雷達、微波同毫米波檢波器入面。<ref name="skyworks_01"/></ref> ===功率轉換=== {{Main article|整流器}} [[File:ACtoDCpowersupply.png|250px|thumb|基本 AC-DC 電源供應器嘅示意圖]] [[整流器]]係由二極管構成嘅，佢哋用嚟將[[交流電]] (AC) 電轉換成[[直流電]] (DC)。汽車[[交流發電機 (汽車)|交流發電機]] 係一個常見嘅例子，喺入面，將 AC 整流成 DC 嘅二極管提供咗比 [[換向器 (電機)|換向器]] 或者更早嘅 [[發電機|直流發電機]] 更好嘅性能。同樣，二極管亦都用喺「[[考克饒夫-沃爾頓發生器|考克饒夫-沃爾頓]] [[倍壓器]]」入面，將 AC 轉換成更高嘅 DC 電壓。 ===反向電壓保護=== 由於大多數電子電路喺佢哋嘅電源輸入嘅極性反轉嗰陣可能會損壞，所以有時會使用串聯二極管嚟防止呢啲情況。呢個概念有好多命名變體，佢哋嘅意思都係一樣嘅：反向電壓保護、反極性保護同埋反電池保護。 ===過壓保護=== 二極管經常畀人用嚟將破壞性嘅高電壓從敏感嘅電子器件度引走。佢哋通常喺正常情況下係反向偏壓（唔導通）嘅。當電壓升到高過正常範圍嗰陣，二極管就會變成正向偏壓（導通）。例如，二極管用喺（[[步進馬達]] 同埋 [[H橋]]）[[馬達控制器]] 同埋 [[繼電器]] 電路入面，嚟快速釋放線圈嘅能量，而唔會產生原本會發生嘅破壞性 [[電壓尖峰]]。（喺呢種應用入面使用嘅二極管叫做 [[續流二極管]]）。好多 [[積體電路]] 亦都在連接引腳上面包含二極管，嚟防止外部電壓損壞佢哋嘅敏感[[電晶體]]。專用二極管用於保護免受更高功率下嘅過電壓影響（睇上面嘅 [[#半導體二極管嘅類型|二極管類型]]）。 ===邏輯閘=== {{Main|二極管邏輯}} [[二極管邏輯|二極管-電阻器邏輯]] 構建 [[邏輯與|與]] 同埋 [[邏輯或|或]] [[邏輯閘]]。[[功能完備性]] 可以通過添加一個有源器件嚟提供 [[反相器 (邏輯閘)|反相]] 嚟實現（好似 [[二極管-電晶體邏輯]] 噉做嘅）。 ===電離輻射檢測器=== 除咗上面提到嘅光之外，[[半導體]] 二極管對更[[能量|高能量]]嘅輻射都好敏感。喺[[電子學]]入面，[[宇宙射線]] 同埋其他電離輻射源會引起 [[噪聲]] [[脈衝]] 同埋單位錯誤同埋多位錯誤。[[粒子探測器]] 有時會利用呢個效應嚟檢測輻射。單個輻射粒子，具有數千甚至數百萬 [[電子伏特]] 嘅能量，當佢嘅能量沉積喺半導體材料入面嗰陣，會產生好多電荷載流子對。如果耗盡層夠大，可以捕獲所有簇射或者阻止重粒子，就可以通過簡單噉測量傳導嘅電荷嚟相當準確噉測量粒子嘅能量，而唔需要磁譜儀等等嘅複雜性。呢啲半導體輻射檢測器需要高效且均勻嘅電荷收集同埋低洩漏電流。佢哋通常用 [[液態氮]] 冷卻。對於更長距離（大約一厘米）嘅粒子，佢哋需要非常大嘅耗盡深度同埋大面積。對於短距離粒子，佢哋需要至少一個表面上嘅任何接觸面或者未耗盡嘅半導體都非常薄。反向偏壓電壓接近擊穿電壓（每厘米約一千伏特）。鍺同埋矽係常見嘅材料。其中一啲檢測器既可以感應位置又可以感應能量。佢哋嘅壽命有限，尤其係喺檢測重粒子嗰陣，因為輻射損壞。矽同埋鍺喺將 [[伽瑪射線]] 轉換成電子簇射嘅能力方面非常唔同。 用於高能粒子嘅 [[半導體探測器]] 用量好大。由於能量損耗波動，準確測量沉積嘅能量嘅用處冇咁大。 ===溫度測量=== 二極管可以用做[[溫度]]測量設備，因為二極管兩端嘅正向壓降取決於溫度，好似喺 [[矽帶隙溫度感測器]] 入面噉。從上面畀出嘅肖克利理想二極管方程度，[[飽和電流|反向飽和電流]] 項嘅變化通常比熱電壓項嘅變化更顯著，所以可能會「睇起嚟」電壓具有「正」溫度係數（喺恆定電流下）。因此，大多數二極管都具有「負」溫度係數，矽二極管通常為 -2 mV/°C。對於高過約 20 [[開爾文]] 嘅溫度，溫度係數大致恆定。畀出咗一啲 1N400x 系列嘅圖表，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com/1n400x_diode_family_forward_voltage.htm |title=1N400x Diode Family Forward Voltage |website=cliftonlaboratories.com |access-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524153406/http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com/1n400x_diode_family_forward_voltage.htm |archive-date=2013-05-24}}</ref> 同埋 CY7 低溫溫度感測器。<ref>[http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/CY7.pdf Cryogenic Temperature Sensors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206012326/http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/CY7.pdf |date=2016年12月6號 }}. omega.com</ref> ===電流導向=== 二極管將阻止意外方向嘅電流。為咗喺停電期間向電子電路供電，電路可以從 [[電池 (電學)|電池]] 度汲取電流。[[不斷電系統]] 可以用呢種方式使用二極管，嚟確保淨係喺必要嗰陣先至從電池度汲取電流。同樣，細船通常有兩個電路，每個電路都有自己嘅電池/電池組：一個用於引擎啟動；一個用於家用。通常，兩者都由單個交流發電機充電，並且使用重型分路充電二極管，嚟防止較高充電電池（通常係引擎電池）喺交流發電機冇運行嗰陣通過較低充電電池放電。 二極管亦都用喺[[電子琴|電子樂器鍵盤]]入面。為咗減少電子樂器鍵盤入面所需嘅佈線量，呢啲樂器通常使用[[鍵盤矩陣電路]]。鍵盤控制器掃描行同列，嚟確定演奏者按下咗邊個音符。矩陣電路嘅問題係，當同時按下幾個音符嗰陣，電流會通過電路反向流動，並且觸發「[[鍵盤 (電腦)#控制處理器|幻影按鍵]]」，佢哋會導致播放「幽靈」音符。為咗避免觸發唔想要嘅音符，大多數鍵盤矩陣電路都喺 [[樂器鍵盤]] 嘅每個琴鍵下面嘅開關焊接咗二極管。相同嘅原理亦都用於固態 [[彈珠機]] 入面嘅開關矩陣。 ===波形削波器=== {{Main article|削波器 (電子學)}} 二極管可以用嚟限制信號嘅正向或者負向偏移，令佢唔超過規定嘅電壓。 ===鉗位電路=== {{Main article|鉗位電路 (電子學)}} [[File:DiodeClamp.png|150px|thumb|呢個簡單嘅二極管鉗位電路會將輸入波形嘅負峰值鉗位到共模軌電壓]] 二極管 [[鉗位電路|鉗位電路]] 可以獲取一個週期性嘅交流信號，佢喺正值同負值之間振盪，並且垂直噉位移佢，等正峰或者負峰發生喺規定嘅水平。鉗位電路唔會限制信號嘅峰峰值偏移，佢會向上或者向下移動整個信號，從而將峰值放置喺參考水平。 ===計算指數同對數=== 二極管嘅指數電流-電壓關係畀利用嚟使用模擬電壓信號評估 [[指數運算]] 同埋佢嘅 [[反函數]] [[對數]]（睇下 [[運算放大器應用|指數輸出|對數輸出]]）。 ===振盪器=== 可以通過注入校準嘅電流脈衝嚟修改普通嘅半導體二極管，例如 1N4148，令佢具有負微分電阻，二極管喺雪崩區附近反向偏壓。經過呢種處理之後，同 L/C 電路相關聯嘅二極管可以振盪，頻率由 L/C 電路設定。最大頻率取決於使用嘅二極管。使用 1N4148，振盪可以高達 100 Mhz（睇下 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384043395_Another_way_to_create_negative_differential_resistance_Author） ==縮寫== 二極管喺 [[印刷電路板|PCB]] 上面通常叫做「D」代表二極管。有時會使用縮寫「CR」代表「晶體整流器」。<ref>{{cite book|author=John Ambrose Fleming|year=1919|url=https://archive.org/details/principleselect01flemgoog|title=The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy and Telephony|place=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|page=[https://archive.org/details/principleselect01flemgoog/page/n588 550]}}</ref> ==睇埋== * [[發光二極管]] * [[三極管]] ==參考文獻== {{Reflist}} ==延伸閱讀== ;歷史電路書籍 ''50 Simple LED Circuits''; 第 1 版；R.N. Soar；Babani Press；62 頁；1977 年；{{ISBN|978-0859340434}}。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Babani/42-Soar-50-Simple-LED-circuits.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''38 Practical Tested Diode Circuits For the Home Constructor''; 第 1 版；Bernard Babani；Krisson Printing；48 頁；1972 年。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Bernards%20Radio%20Manuals/09-38-Practical-Tested-Diode-Circuits.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''Diode Circuits Handbook''; 第 1 版；Rufus Turner；Howard Sams & Co；128 頁；1963 年；LCCN 63-13904。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Rufus-Turner/Diode-Circuits-Handbook-Rufus-Turner.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''40 Uses for Germanium Diodes''; 第 2 版；Sylvania Electric Products；47 頁；1949 年。<small>[http://n4trb.com/AmateurRadio/SemiconductorHistory/40%20Uses%20for%20Germanium%20Diodes.pdf (存檔)]</small> ;歷史期刊 ''Rectifier Applications Handbook''; On Semiconductor；270 頁；2001 年。<small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090407093106/http://www.ieeta.pt/~alex/docs/ApplicationNotes/Rectifier%20Applications%20Handbook.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''Silicon Rectifier Handbook''; 第 1 版；Bob Dale；Motorola；213 頁；1966 年。<small>[https://archive.org/details/RectifiersSCRsTriacs-MotorolaSiliconRectifierHandbook1966OCR/ (存檔)]</small> ''Electronic Rectification''; F.G. Spreadbury；D. Van Nostrand Co；1962 年。 ''Zener Diode Handbook''; International Rectifier；96 頁；1960 年。 ''F.T. Selenium Rectifier Handbook''; 第 2 版；Federal Telephone and Radio；80 頁；1953 年。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Technology/Federal-Selenium-Rectifier-2nd-1953.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''S.T. Selenium Rectifier Handbook''; 第 1 版；Sarkes Tarzian；80 頁；1950 年。<small>[https://archive.org/details/Selenium_Rectifier_Handbook_Sarkes-Tarzian_Company/ (存檔)]</small> ;歷史數據手冊 [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_nationaldaDiscreteSemiconductorProducts_42478563 Discrete Databook]；1989 年；National Semiconductor（而家係德州儀器） [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_fairchilddldDiscreteDataBook_35122751 Discrete Databook]；1985 年；Fairchild（而家係安森美半導體） [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_sgsdataBooDevices5ed_46325378 Discrete Databook]；1982 年；SGS（而家係意法半導體） [https://archive.org/details/1965MotorolaSemiconductorDataManual Semiconductor Databook]；1965 年；Motorola（而家係安森美半導體） ==外部連結== {{Commons category|Diodes}} {{Electronic component}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:電子元件]] 4simp74egldsnlb97p1o6a22fb1ojt7 2416509 2416487 2026-06-05T10:59:23Z Geistory317 198212 反轉[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32731-16|~2026-32731-16]]（[[User talk:~2026-32731-16|傾偈]]）嘅編輯，返去[[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]嘅最後版本。 2377133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diode-closeup.jpg|thumb|一粒二極管]] '''二極管'''（Diode）係[[電子]]零件，多數只係得兩個駁位駁電。二極管駁入[[電路]]，電子只可以向一個[[方向]]行，唔畀倒轉來行。 最理想嘅二極管係，順行可以一跳跳到最高[[電流]]，而逆行即刻一啲電流都無。不過現實嘅通常做唔到咁理想。 二極管最初係正負兩個[[電極]]嘅[[真空管]]，所以叫二極管。不過家下大部份都變晒[[原子粒]]，用晒[[半導體]]來做。 二極管有好多種，有啲重會發光㖭。 半導體二極管，係而家最常用嘅類型，係一嚿[[結晶性]]嘅半導體材料，佢有個[[p–n結]]連住兩個電極。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-22519/l/physical-explanation-general-semiconductors |title=Physical Explanation – General Semiconductors |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> 佢有個[[指數函數|指數]]嘅[[電流-電壓特性曲線]]。半導體二極管係第一批[[半導體器件|半導體電子元件]]。德國物理學家[[費迪南德·布勞恩]]喺 1874 年發現咗[[晶體|晶體]]礦物同埋金屬之間接觸面嘅不對稱導電性。而家，大多數二極管都係用[[矽]]整嘅，但係都有用其他半導體材料，好似[[砷化鎵]]同埋[[鍺]]咁。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22518/l/the-constituents-of-semiconductor-components |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710183421/http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-22518/l/the-constituents-of-semiconductor-components |archive-date=2011-07-10 |title=The Constituents of Semiconductor Components |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> 過時嘅'''真空管二極管'''係一種[[真空管]]，佢有兩個[[電極]]，一個加熱嘅[[陰極]]同埋一個[[屏極|陽極]]，喺入面[[電子]]淨係可以單方向流動，由陰極去陽極。 二極管有好多用途，例如喺[[整流器]]入面將[[交流電]] (AC) 功率轉換成[[直流電]] (DC)，喺[[無線電接收器]]入面做[[解調]]，甚至可以用嚟做[[布爾邏輯|邏輯]]或者[[溫度感測器]]。二極管嘅一種常見變體係[[發光二極管]]，佢用嚟做[[電燈照明]]同埋電子設備上面嘅狀態指示燈。 == 主要功能 == === 單向電流流動 === 二極管最常見嘅功能係允許電流喺一個方向通過（叫做二極管嘅「正向」），同時阻止電流喺相反方向流動（「反向」）。佢嘅[[液壓比擬]]就好似[[止回閥]]咁。呢種單向行為可以將交流電 (AC) 轉換成直流電 (DC)，呢個過程叫做[[整流 (電學)|整流]]。作為整流器，二極管可以用喺好多任務度，例如喺[[無線電接收器]]入面從[[無線電信號]]度提取[[調製]]。 === 閾值電壓 === [[File:Siirded forward diode-characteristics.svg|thumb|前向 [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓曲線]]，顯示 4 種常見二極管。]] 二極管嘅行為通常簡化為具有「正向閾值電壓」或者「導通電壓」或者「切入電壓」，高過呢個電壓就會有顯著嘅電流，低過呢個電壓就幾乎冇電流，呢個取決於二極管嘅成分： {| class="wikitable" |+各種半導體二極管嘅正向閾值電壓 !二極管類型 !正向閾值電壓 |- |矽[[肖特基二極管|肖特基]] |0.15 V 到 0.45 V |- |鍺[[p–n二極管|p–n]] |0.25 V 到 0.3 V |- |矽 p–n |0.6 V 到 0.7 [[伏特|V]] |- |[[紅外線]] ([[砷化鎵|GaAs]]) p–n |~1.2 V |- |[[發光二極管]] (LED) |1.6 V (紅色) 到 4 V (紫色)。 [[發光二極管物理學|材料]] 有完整列表。 |} 呢個電壓可以鬆散噉叫做二極管嘅「正向壓降」或者淨係「壓降」，因為指數函數嘅陡峭性嘅結果係，喺正常正向偏壓操作條件下，二極管嘅壓降唔會顯著超過閾值電壓。[[數據表]]通常會引用指定電流同埋溫度下嘅典型或者最大「正向電壓」(V_F)（例如 LED 嘅 20 mA 同埋 25 '''°'''C），<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About LEDs |url=https://learn.adafruit.com/all-about-leds/forward-voltage-and-kvl |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Adafruit Learning System |language=en-US}}</ref> 等用戶可以保證喺乜嘢時候會有一定量嘅電流開始流動。喺較高電流下，二極管嘅正向壓降會增加。例如，對於矽功率二極管嚟講，喺滿額定電流下，壓降通常係 1 V 到 1.5 V。（亦都睇下：[[整流器|整流器壓降]]） 不過，半導體二極管嘅[[指數函數|指數]] [[電流-電壓特性曲線]] 實際上比呢個簡單嘅開-關動作更加漸進。<ref name="Turner">{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=L. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N0gBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 |title=Electronics Engineer's Reference Book, 4th Ed. |date=2015 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-1483161273 |pages=8.14–8.22}}</ref> 雖然指數函數喺線性刻度上面睇嗰陣，喺呢個閾值附近可能睇起嚟有一個明確嘅「[[曲線膝點|膝部]]」，但係個膝部係一種錯覺，佢取決於表示電流嘅 y 軸刻度。喺[[半對數圖]]入面（電流用[[對數刻度]]，電壓用線性刻度），二極管嘅指數曲線反而睇起嚟更似一條直線。 由於二極管嘅正向壓降隨電流變化得好少，而且更多係溫度嘅函數，所以呢個效應可以用嚟做[[#溫度測量|溫度感測器]]或者某種程度上唔精確嘅[[電壓參考]]。 === 反向擊穿 === 當二極管兩端嘅反向電壓達到一個叫做[[擊穿電壓]]嘅值嗰陣，二極管對反向流動電流嘅高電阻會突然下降到低電阻。呢個效應用嚟調節電壓（[[齊納二極管]]）或者保護電路免受高壓浪湧嘅影響（[[雪崩二極管]]）。 === 其他功能 === 半導體二極管嘅電流-電壓特性可以通過選擇[[半導體材料]]同埋喺製造過程入面引入材料嘅[[摻雜 (半導體)|摻雜]]雜質嚟調整。<ref name="Turner" /> 呢啲技術用嚟製造執行好多唔同功能嘅專用二極管。<ref name="Turner" /> 例如，電子調諧收音機同埋電視接收器（[[變容二極管]]），產生[[射頻|射頻]] [[振盪]]（[[隧道二極管]]、[[耿氏二極管]]、[[IMPATT二極管]]），同埋產生光（[[發光二極管]]）。隧道二極管、耿氏二極管同埋 IMPATT 二極管表現出[[負電阻]]，佢喺[[微波]]同埋開關電路入面好有用。 二極管，無論係真空管定係半導體，都可以用嚟做[[噪聲發生器#散粒噪聲發生器|散粒噪聲發生器]]。 == 歷史 == {{Further|真空管#歷史同發展}} [[File:Diode-english-text.svg|thumb|[[真空管]]二極管嘅結構。燈絲本身可能係陰極，或者更常見嘅情況係（如圖所示）用嚟加熱單獨嘅金屬管，金屬管充當陰極。]] 熱電子（[[真空管]]）二極管同埋[[固態電子學|固態]]（半導體）二極管係喺 1900 年代初期，大約同一時間，作為無線電接收器[[檢波器 (無線電)|檢波器]]分別開發出嚟嘅。<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guarnieri|first=M.|date=2011|title=Trailblazers in Solid-State Electronics|journal=IEEE Ind. Electron. M.|volume=5|issue=4|pages=46–47|doi=10.1109/MIE.2011.943016|s2cid=45476055}}</ref> 直到 1950 年代，真空二極管喺無線電入面都用得更加頻繁，因為早期嘅點接觸半導體二極管唔夠穩定。此外，大多數接收器都用真空管做放大，佢哋可以好容易噉將熱電子二極管包含喺真空管入面（例如 [[12SQ7]] [[雙二極三極管]]），而且真空管整流器同埋充氣整流器能夠比當時可用嘅半導體二極管（例如 [[硒整流器]]）更好噉處理一啲高電壓/高電流整流任務。 喺 1873 年，[[弗雷德里克·格思里 (科學家)|弗雷德里克·格思里]]觀察到，一個接地嘅、白熾嘅金屬球靠近驗電器嗰陣，會令帶正電荷嘅驗電器放電，但係唔會令帶負電荷嘅驗電器放電。<ref>Guthrie, Frederick (October 1873) [https://books.google.com/books?id=U08wAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA257 "On a relation between heat and static electricity,"] ''The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science'', 4th series, '''46''': 257–266.</ref><ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/richardson-lecture.pdf 1928 Nobel Lecture:] Owen W. Richardson, "Thermionic phenomena and the laws which govern them", December 12, 1929,</ref> 喺 1880 年，托馬斯·愛迪生觀察到燈泡入面加熱元件同埋未加熱元件之間嘅單向電流，後嚟叫做[[熱電子發射#歷史|愛迪生效應]]，並且獲得咗將呢個現象應用於[[直流電|DC]] [[伏特計]]嘅專利。<ref>Edison, Thomas A. "Electrical Meter" {{US patent|307030}} Issue date: Oct 21, 1884</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Redhead |first=P. A. |date=1998-05-01 |title=The birth of electronics: Thermionic emission and vacuum |journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=1394–1401 |doi=10.1116/1.581157 |issn=0734-2101 |bibcode=1998JVSTA..16.1394R}}</ref> 大約 20 年後，[[約翰·安布羅斯·弗萊明]]（[[馬可尼公司]]嘅科學顧問同埋前愛迪生僱員）意識到愛迪生效應可以用嚟做[[檢波器 (無線電)|無線電檢波器]]。弗萊明喺 1904 年 11 月 16 號喺英國獲得咗第一個真正嘅熱電子二極管，[[弗萊明閥]]嘅專利<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmargolin.com/history/trans.htm |title=Road to the Transistor |publisher=Jmargolin.com |access-date=2008-09-22}}</ref> （之後喺 1905 年 11 月獲得咗 {{US patent |803684}} 美國專利）。喺成個真空管時代，真空管二極管都用喺幾乎所有電子產品入面，例如收音機、電視機、音響系統同埋儀器。由於硒整流器技術，之後喺 1960 年代畀半導體二極管取代，佢哋嘅市場份額開始慢慢噉減少。而家，佢哋仍然用喺一啲高功率應用入面，喺呢啲應用入面，佢哋承受瞬態電壓嘅能力同埋佢哋嘅堅固性令佢哋比半導體器件更具優勢，而且佢哋亦都用喺樂器同埋發燒友應用入面。 {{Anchor|晶體二極管}}喺 1874 年，德國科學家[[卡爾·費迪南德·布勞恩]]發現咗金屬同[[礦物]]之間接觸面嘅「單向導電」。<ref>Braun, Ferdinand (1874) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k152378/f580.image.langEN "Ueber die Stromleitung durch Schwefelmetalle"] (On current conduction in metal sulphides), ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', '''153''' : 556–563.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060211010305/http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/braun.htm Karl Ferdinand Braun]. chem.ch.huji.ac.il</ref> 印度科學家[[賈格迪什·錢德拉·玻色]]係第一個喺 1894 年使用晶體嚟檢測無線電波嘅人。<ref name="Sarkar">{{Cite book |last = Sarkar |first= Tapan K. |title = History of wireless |publisher = John Wiley and Sons |year = 2006 |location = US |pages = 94, 291–308 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NBLEAA6QKYkC&pg=PA291 |isbn = 0-471-71814-9}}</ref> [[晶體檢波器]]畀[[格林利夫·惠蒂爾·皮卡德]]開發成用於[[無線電報]]嘅實用設備，佢喺 1903 年發明咗[[矽]]晶體檢波器，並且喺 1906 年 11 月 20 號獲得咗專利。<ref>Pickard, G. W., "Means for receiving intelligence communicated by electric waves" {{US patent|836531}} Issued: August 30, 1906</ref> 其他實驗者嘗試咗各種其他礦物做檢波器。半導體原理對於呢啲早期整流器嘅開發者嚟講係未知嘅。喺 1930 年代，物理學嘅理解得到咗進步，喺 1930 年代中期，貝爾電話實驗室嘅研究人員意識到晶體檢波器喺微波技術應用方面嘅潛力。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01">Scaff, J. H., Ohl, R. S. [https://archive.org/details/bstj26-1-1 "Development of Silicon Crystal Rectifiers for Microwave Radar Receivers"], ''The Bell System Technical Journal'', Vol. 24, No. 1, January 1947. pp. 1 - 30</ref> [[貝爾實驗室]]、[[西電]]、[[麻省理工學院]]、[[普渡大學]]同埋[[英國]]嘅研究人員喺第二次世界大戰期間密集噉開發點接觸二極管（「晶體整流器」或者「晶體二極管」），用於雷達。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01"/></ref> 第二次世界大戰之後，美國電話電報公司喺佢哋橫跨美國嘅微波塔入面使用咗呢啲二極管，而且好多雷達設備甚至喺 21 世紀都重用緊佢哋。喺 1946 年，西爾瓦尼亞開始提供 1N34 晶體二極管。<ref>Cornelius, E. C. [http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Electronics/40s/Electronics-1946-02.pdf "Germanium Crystal Diodes"], ''Electronics'', February 1946, p. 118</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bunkerofdoom.com/tubes/syl43/DATA/1949/1N34.GIF |title = Sylvania 1949 data book page |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180525062316/http://www.bunkerofdoom.com/tubes/syl43/DATA/1949/1N34.GIF |archive-date = 25 May 2018 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>Sylvania, [http://n4trb.com/AmateurRadio/SemiconductorHistory/40%20Uses%20for%20Germanium%20Diodes.pdf ''40 Uses for Germanium Diodes''], Sylvania Electric Products Co., 1949, p. 9</ref> 喺 1950 年代初期，結型二極管開發出咗。 ==詞源== {{Main article|整流器}} 喺佢哋發明嗰陣，不對稱導電器件叫做[[整流器]]。喺[[四極管]]發明嘅 1919 年，[[威廉·亨利·埃克爾斯]]從[[希臘文同拉丁文詞根|希臘文詞根]]度創造咗「二極管」呢個詞語：「di」（嚟自「δί」），意思係「二」，同埋「ode」（嚟自「οδός」），意思係「路徑」。不過，「二極管」呢個詞語已經用緊，[[三極管]]、[[四極管]]、[[五極管]]、[[六極管]]亦都係，作為[[時分多路復用|多路復用]] [[電報]]嘅術語。<ref>{{cite web| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ifA2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA252| title = W. H. Preece, "Multiplex Telegraphy", ''The Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review'', Vol. XIX, September 10, 1886, p. 252| year = 1886}}</ref> 雖然所有二極管都「整流」，但係「整流器」通常適用於用於[[電源供應器]]嘅二極管，嚟區分佢哋同埋用於[[信號 (電子工程)|細信號]]電路嘅二極管。 ==真空管二極管== {{Infobox electronic component | name = 熱電子二極管 | image = [[File:2-50A 2 (2).JPG|225px]] | caption = 一個高功率真空二極管，喺無線電設備入面用做[[整流器]]。 | type = [[熱電子]] | working_principle = | invented = | first_produced = | pins = [[陽極|屏極]]同埋[[陰極]]，加熱器（如果係間接加熱） | symbol = [[File:Vacuum diode.svg|110px]] | symbol_caption = 間接加熱真空管二極管嘅符號。由上到下，元件名稱係：「屏極」、「陰極」同埋「加熱器」。 }} 熱電子二極管係一種[[熱電子管|熱電子管]]器件，佢由一個密封嘅、抽空嘅玻璃或者金屬外殼組成，外殼入面包含兩個[[電極]]：一個[[熱陰極|陰極]]同埋一個[[屏極|陽極]]。陰極係「間接加熱」或者「直接加熱」嘅。如果採用間接加熱，外殼入面就會包含一個加熱器。 喺操作入面，陰極會加熱到[[紅熱]]，大約 {{cvt|800–1000|C}}。直接加熱嘅陰極係用鎢絲整嘅，並且通過從外部電壓源通過佢嘅電流嚟加熱。間接加熱嘅陰極由附近加熱器發出嘅紅外線輻射加熱，加熱器由[[鎳鉻合金]]絲組成，並且由外部電壓源提供嘅電流供電。 [[File:5U4GB.agr.jpg|thumb|upright|100px|left|一個包含兩個功率二極管嘅真空管]] 陰極嘅工作溫度令佢將[[電子]]釋放到真空入面，呢個過程叫做[[熱電子發射]]。陰極塗咗[[鹼土金屬]]嘅[[氧化物]]，例如[[鋇]]同埋[[鍶]]嘅[[氧化物]]。呢啲氧化物具有低[[功函數]]，意味住佢哋比未塗層嘅陰極更容易發射電子。 陽極冇加熱，所以唔會發射電子；但係能夠吸收佢哋。 要整流嘅交流電壓施加喺陰極同陽極之間。當陽極電壓相對於陰極係正嘅時候，陽極[[靜電]]吸引來自陰極嘅電子，因此電子電流會通過真空管從陰極流到陽極。當陽極電壓相對於陰極係負嘅時候，陽極唔會發射電子，因此冇電流可以從陽極流到陰極。 ==半導體二極管==<!-- This section is linked from [[Boltzmann constant]] --> [[File:EFD108_Point_Contact_Germanium_Diode.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|EFD108 鍺點接觸二極管嘅特寫，採用 DO7 玻璃封裝，顯示形成半導體結嘅尖銳金屬絲（「貓鬚」）。]] ===點接觸二極管=== 點接觸二極管係喺 1930 年代開始，從早期嘅[[晶體檢波器]]技術度開發出嚟嘅，而家通常用於 3 到 30 吉赫茲嘅範圍。<ref name="Scaff_Ohl_01"/><ref name="SG">{{cite web| url = https://www.semigen.net/point-contact-diodes/| title = SemiGen Inc.}}</ref><ref name="AS">{{cite web| url = http://www.advancedsemiconductor.com/pdf/diodes/SiliconPointContactMixer.pdf| title = Advanced Semiconductor, Inc.| access-date = 2018-05-24| archive-date = 2023-05-21| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230521233514/http://www.advancedsemiconductor.com/pdf/diodes/SiliconPointContactMixer.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="MB">{{cite web| url = https://massbaytech.com/point-contact-diodes/| title = Massachusetts Bay Technologies}}</ref> 點接觸二極管使用一條小直徑金屬絲，佢同半導體晶體接觸，並且係「非焊接」接觸類型或者「焊接」接觸類型嘅。非焊接接觸結構利用肖特基勢壘原理。金屬側係一條小直徑金屬絲嘅尖端，佢同半導體晶體接觸。<ref name="HC">{{cite web| url = https://www.scribd.com/document/37134001/MIT-Radiaton-Lab-Series-V15-Crystal-Rectifiers| title = H. C. Torrey, C. A. Whitmer, ''Crystal Rectifiers'', New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948}}</ref> 喺焊接接觸類型入面，喺製造期間，通過瞬間通過器件嘅相對較大電流，喺金屬點周圍嘅另一個 N 型晶體入面形成一個細小嘅 P 區。<ref>{{cite web| url = https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/fe/87/8a/7e1064ddfc7d8a/US2704818.pdf| title = H. Q. North, ''Asymmetrically Conductive Device'', U.S. patent 2,704,818}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://archive.org/stream/neetsmodules_202003/NEETS%20MOD%2011%20NAVEDTRA%2014183A#page/n181/mode/2up| title = U. S. Navy Center for Surface Combat Systems, ''Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series, Module 11'', 2012, pp. 2-81–2-83}}</ref> 點接觸二極管通常表現出比結型二極管更低嘅電容、更高嘅正向電阻同埋更大嘅反向洩漏。 ===結型二極管=== ====p–n結二極管==== {{Main article|p–n二極管}} p–n 結二極管係用[[半導體]]晶體整嘅，通常係矽，但係[[鍺]]同埋[[砷化鎵]]亦都有用。雜質會添加落去，喺一側創建一個包含負[[電荷載流子]]（電子）嘅區域，叫做[[n型半導體]]，喺另一側創建一個包含正電荷載流子（[[電子空穴|空穴]]）嘅區域，叫做[[p型半導體]]。當 n 型同埋 p 型材料連接埋一齊嗰陣，電子會從 n 側流向 p 側，產生瞬時嘅電子流動，喺兩者之間形成第三個區域，入面冇電荷載流子。呢個區域叫做[[耗盡區]]，因為入面冇電荷載流子（既冇電子又冇空穴）。二極管嘅端子連接到 n 型同埋 p 型區域。呢兩個區域之間嘅邊界，叫做[[p–n結]]，係二極管作用發生嘅地方。當施加到 P 側（[[陽極]]）嘅[[電勢]]明顯高過 N 側（[[陰極]]）嘅[[電勢]]嗰陣，佢會允許電子通過耗盡區從 N 型側流到 P 型側。當以相反方向施加電勢嗰陣，結唔允許電子喺相反方向流動，喺某種意義上，創造咗一個電子[[止回閥]]。 ====肖特基二極管==== {{Main article|肖特基二極管}} 另一種類型嘅結型二極管，[[肖特基二極管]]，係由[[金屬-半導體結]]形成嘅，而唔係 p–n 結，呢個減少咗電容並且提高咗開關速度。<ref name="skyworks_01">{{cite web| url = http://www.skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200826A.pdf| title = Skyworks Solutions, Inc., ''Mixer and Detector Diodes''| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2018年7月12號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180712170346/http://www.skyworksinc.com/uploads/documents/200826A.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.microsemi.com/product-directory/rf-microwave-a-millimeter-wave/1575-diodes-schottky| title = Microsemi Corporation Schottky web page| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2022年8月15號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220815030104/https://www.microsemi.com/product-directory/rf-microwave-a-millimeter-wave/1575-diodes-schottky| url-status = dead}}</ref> ===電流-電壓特性曲線=== 半導體二極管喺電路入面嘅行為由佢嘅[[電流-電壓特性曲線]]畀出。曲線嘅形狀由電荷載流子通過所謂嘅「[[耗盡層|耗盡層]]」或者「[[耗盡區]]」嘅傳輸決定，佢存在於唔同半導體之間嘅[[p–n結]]度。當 p–n 結第一次創建嗰陣，嚟自 N-[[摻雜劑|摻雜]]區域嘅導帶（可移動）電子會擴散到 P-[[摻雜劑|摻雜]]區域，喺嗰度有大量空穴（電子嘅空位），電子會同空穴「複合」。當一個可移動電子同一個空穴複合嗰陣，空穴同電子都會消失，喺 N 側留低一個固定嘅帶正電荷嘅施體（摻雜劑），喺 P 側留低一個帶負電荷嘅受體（摻雜劑）。p–n 結周圍嘅區域嘅[[電荷載流子]]會耗盡，因此表現得好似[[絕緣體 (電學)|絕緣體]]一樣。 不過，耗盡區嘅寬度（叫做[[耗盡寬度]]）唔可以無限增長。對於每次[[電子-空穴對]]複合，N 型摻雜區域入面都會留低一個帶正電荷嘅[[摻雜劑]]離子，P 型摻雜區域入面都會創建一個帶負電荷嘅摻雜劑離子。隨住複合嘅進行同埋更多離子嘅創建，通過耗盡區會形成一個不斷增強嘅電場，佢嘅作用係減慢，然後最終停止複合。喺呢個時候，耗盡區兩端會存在一個「內建」電勢。 [[File:PN band.gif|thumb|upright=2.8<!--max normally 1.8 but WP:IAR-->|none|低正向偏壓模式下嘅 [[p–n結]]二極管。[[耗盡寬度]]隨電壓增加而減小。p 結同 n 結都喺 1e15/cm3 [[摻雜 (半導體)|摻雜]]水平下摻雜，導致內建電勢約為 0.59V。觀察 n 區同 p 區入面導帶同價帶嘅唔同 [[準費米能級]]（紅色曲線）。]] ====反向偏壓==== {{See also|p–n二極管#反向偏壓}} 如果將一個外部電壓施加喺二極管兩端，佢嘅極性同內建電勢相同，耗盡區就會繼續充當絕緣體，阻止任何顯著嘅電流流動（除非[[電子-空穴對]]喺結入面主動創建，例如通過光；睇下 [[光電二極管]]）。 ====正向偏壓==== {{See also|p–n二極管#正向偏壓}} 不過，如果外部電壓嘅極性同內建電勢相反，複合就可以再次進行，導致通過 p–n 結產生顯著嘅電流（即係喺結處複合嘅電子同埋空穴數量顯著增加），佢隨電壓呈指數增長。 ====工作區域==== [[File:Diode current wiki.png|thumb|upright=1.4|p–n 結二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線]]，顯示三個區域：「'''擊穿'''」、「'''反向'''偏壓」、「'''正向'''偏壓」。指數函數嘅「膝部」喺 ''V''_d。喺較大正向電流下發生嘅趨於平緩區域冇顯示出嚟。]] 二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線]] 可以用四個工作區域嚟近似。從較低到較高嘅偏置電壓，呢啲區域係： '''擊穿'''：喺非常大嘅反向偏壓下，超過[[峰值反向電壓]] (PIV)，會發生一個叫做反向[[雪崩擊穿|擊穿]]嘅過程，佢會導致電流大幅增加（即係喺 p–n 結處產生大量電子同埋空穴，並且從 p–n 結處移開），通常會永久損壞器件。[[雪崩二極管]]係特登設計成喺呢種方式下使用嘅。喺[[齊納二極管]]入面，PIV 嘅概念唔適用。齊納二極管包含一個重摻雜嘅 p–n 結，允許電子從 p 型材料嘅價帶隧道效應到 n 型材料嘅導帶，咁樣反向電壓就會「鉗位」到一個已知嘅值（叫做「齊納電壓」），而雪崩唔會發生。不過，兩種器件喺鉗位反向電壓區域入面都可以承受嘅最大電流同埋功率都有一個限制。此外，喺任何二極管入面嘅正向導通結束之後，都會喺短時間內出現反向電流。器件要等到反向電流停止之後先至可以獲得佢嘅全部阻斷能力。 '''反向偏壓'''：對於擊穿電壓同埋 0 V 之間嘅偏壓，反向電流非常細，並且漸近噉接近 -''I''_s。對於普通嘅 P–N 整流二極管嚟講，通過器件嘅反向電流喺微安 (μA) 範圍內。不過，呢個係同溫度相關嘅，喺足夠高嘅溫度下，可以觀察到大量嘅反向電流（mA 或者更大）。仲有一個微小嘅表面洩漏電流，佢係由電子簡單噉繞過二極管產生嘅，好似佢係一個唔完美嘅絕緣體噉。[[File:DiodeGenCharacteristics1.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px|各種二極管嘅 [[半對數]] I–V（對數電流與線性電壓）圖。]] '''正向偏壓'''：電流-電壓曲線係[[指數函數|指數]]，近似於[[肖克利二極管方程]]。當使用線性電流刻度繪製嗰陣，會出現一個平滑嘅「[[曲線膝點|膝部]]」，但係喺半對數圖上面睇唔到清晰嘅閾值電壓。 '''趨於平緩'''：喺較大嘅正向電流下，電流-電壓曲線開始畀塊狀半導體嘅歐姆電阻主導。曲線唔再係指數曲線，佢漸近於一條直線，佢嘅斜率係塊狀電阻。呢個區域對於功率二極管嚟講尤其重要，可以用一個「肖克利理想二極管」同埋一個固定電阻串聯嚟建模。 ===肖克利二極管方程=== {{main article|肖克利二極管方程}} 「肖克利理想二極管方程」或者「二極管定律」（以 [[雙極性電晶體]] 嘅共同發明者 [[威廉·肖克利|威廉·布拉德福德·肖克利]] 命名）[[概念模型|建模]]二極管喺中等正向或者反向偏壓下嘅[[指數函數|指數]] [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓 (I–V) 關係]]。[[肖克利二極管方程]] 呢篇文章提供咗詳細資訊。 ===小信號行為=== 喺低於飽和電壓嘅正向電壓下，大多數二極管嘅電壓與電流特性曲線唔係一條直線。電流可以用 <math>I = I_\text{S} e^{V_\text{D}/(n V_\text{T})}</math> 嚟近似，正如 [[肖克利二極管方程]] 呢篇文章入面解釋嘅噉。 喺檢波器同埋混頻器應用入面，電流可以用泰勒級數嚟估計。<ref name="Giacoletto_1977">{{cite book |author-first=Lawrence Joseph |author-last=Giacoletto |title=Electronics Designers' Handbook |location=New York |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |date=1977 |pages=24–138}}</ref> 奇數項可以省略，因為佢哋產生嘅頻率分量喺混頻器或者檢波器嘅通帶之外。通常唔需要包含二階導數之後嘅偶數項，因為同二階項相比，佢哋好細。<ref name="Giacoletto_1977" /></ref> 期望嘅電流分量大約同輸入電壓嘅平方成正比，因此喺呢個區域入面，響應叫做「[[平方律檢波器|平方律]]」。<ref name="HC" />{{rp|p. 3}} ===反向恢復效應=== 喺 p–n 型二極管入面正向導通結束之後，反向電流可以喺短時間內流動。器件要等到結入面嘅可移動電荷耗盡之後先至可以獲得佢嘅阻斷能力。 當非常快速噉開關大電流嗰陣，呢個效應可能會好顯著。<ref>[http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5817/hw/hw1/Diode%20reverse%20recovery%20in%20a%20boost%20converter.pdf Diode reverse recovery in a boost converter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214034/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5817/hw/hw1/Diode%20reverse%20recovery%20in%20a%20boost%20converter.pdf |date=2011-10-07 }}. ECEN5817. ecee.colorado.edu</ref> 可能需要一定量嘅「反向恢復時間」 {{mvar|t}}_r （數量級為幾十納秒到幾微秒），嚟從二極管度移除反向恢復電荷 {{mvar|Q}}_r。喺呢個恢復時間入面，二極管實際上可以喺反向導通。呢個可能會喺短時間內產生一個大嘅反向電流，喺二極管處於反向偏壓嘅時候。呢種反向電流嘅大小由工作電路（即係串聯電阻）決定，而二極管就叫做處於儲存階段。<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1109/LED.2014.2353301| title = Gate-Controlled Reverse Recovery for Characterization of LDMOS Body Diode| journal = IEEE Electron Device Letters| volume = 35| issue = 11| page = 1079| year = 2014| last1 = Elhami Khorasani | first1 = A. | last2 = Griswold | first2 = M. | last3 = Alford | first3 = T. L.|bibcode = 2014IEDL...35.1079E | s2cid = 7012254}}</ref> <!-- That is to say, current will effectively flow from the cathode to the anode! --> 喺一啲真實世界嘅情況下，考慮到呢種非理想二極管效應造成嘅損耗係好重要嘅。<ref>[http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5797/course_material/SwLossSlides.pdf Inclusion of Switching Loss in the Averaged Equivalent Circuit Model] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007214049/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen5797/course_material/SwLossSlides.pdf |date=2011-10-07 }}. ECEN5797. ecee.colorado.edu</ref> 不過，當電流嘅 [[轉換速率]] 唔係咁嚴重嗰陣（例如 線頻率），呢個效應可以安全噉忽略。對於大多數應用嚟講，對於 [[肖特基二極管]] 嚟講，呢個效應亦都係可以忽略不計嘅。 當儲存嘅電荷耗盡嗰陣，反向電流會突然停止；[[階躍恢復二極管]] 就係利用呢個突兀嘅停止嚟產生極短嘅脈衝。 ===半導體二極管嘅類型=== [[File:Forward_and_Reverse_Characteristics_for_diodes-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|幾種類型二極管嘅 [[電流-電壓特性曲線|電流-電壓曲線]]]] 正常嘅 (p–n) 二極管，佢哋嘅工作方式如上所述，通常係用摻雜[[矽]]或者[[鍺]]整嘅。喺矽功率整流二極管開發之前，[[氧化亞銅]]，然後係[[硒]]都用過。佢哋嘅低效率需要施加更高嘅正向電壓（通常每個「單元」 1.4 到 1.7 V，堆疊多個單元嚟增加高壓整流器應用嘅峰值反向電壓額定值），並且需要一個大型散熱器（通常係二極管金屬[[基板 (半導體)|基板]]嘅延伸部分），佢比後嚟相同電流額定值嘅矽二極管所需嘅散熱器大好多。絕大多數嘅二極管都係 [[CMOS]] [[積體電路]] 入面嘅 p–n 二極管，<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roddick|first=R.G.|title=Tunnel Diode Circuit Analysis|date=1962-10-01|doi=10.2172/4715062|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1033487/}}</ref> 佢哋每個引腳包含兩個二極管，仲有好多其他內部二極管。 ; [[雪崩二極管]] : 呢啲係反向偏壓電壓超過擊穿電壓嗰陣，喺反向導通嘅二極管。佢哋喺電氣方面同齊納二極管非常相似（而且經常畀人錯誤噉叫做齊納二極管），但係佢哋嘅擊穿機制唔同：係「雪崩效應」。當施加喺 p–n 結兩端嘅反向電場引起電離波嗰陣，就會發生雪崩效應，令人聯想到雪崩，導致大電流。雪崩二極管設計成喺明確定義嘅反向電壓下擊穿而唔會損壞。雪崩二極管（佢嘅反向擊穿電壓高過約 6.2 V）同埋齊納二極管之間嘅區別在於，前者嘅通道長度超過咗電子嘅平均自由程，導致電子喺通過通道嘅路徑上發生多次碰撞。呢兩種類型之間唯一嘅實際區別係佢哋嘅溫度係數具有相反嘅極性。 ; [[恆流二極管]] : 呢啲實際上係 [[JFET]]<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_CurrentRegulatorDiodes.pdf Current regulator diodes]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref>，閘極同源極短接埋一齊，佢嘅功能就好似限制電壓嘅齊納二極管嘅雙端電流限制模擬元件。佢哋允許通過佢哋嘅電流上升到某個值，然後穩定喺一個特定嘅值。亦都叫做「CLD」、「恆流二極管」、「二極管連接電晶體」或者「電流調節二極管」。 ; [[#點接觸二極管|晶體整流器或者晶體二極管]] : 呢啲係點接觸二極管。<ref name="HC" /></ref> 1N21 系列同埋其他系列用於雷達同埋微波接收器入面嘅混頻器同埋檢波器應用。<ref name="SG" /><ref name="AS"/><ref name="MB"/></ref> 1N34A 係晶體二極管嘅另一個例子。<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.nteinc.com/specs/original/1N34A.pdf| title = NTE data sheet| access-date = 2025年3月17號| archive-date = 2023年4月24號| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230424064539/https://www.nteinc.com/specs/original/1N34A.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref> ; [[耿氏二極管]] : 佢哋同隧道二極管相似，因為佢哋係用 GaAs 或者 InP 等材料整嘅，呢啲材料表現出[[負電阻|負微分電阻]]嘅區域。喺適當嘅偏壓下，偶極子域會形成並穿過二極管，等可以構建高頻[[微波]] [[電子振盪器|振盪器]]。 ;[[發光二極管]] (LED) :喺用[[直接帶隙]]半導體（例如 [[砷化鎵]]）形成嘅二極管入面，跨越結嘅電荷載流子喺同另一側嘅多數載流子複合嗰陣，會發射[[光子]]。根據材料嘅唔同，可能會產生從[[紅外線]]到近[[紫外線]]嘅[[波長]]（或者顏色）。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ClassificationOfComponents.pdf Classification of components]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22517/l/component-construction--vishay-optoelectronics |title=Component Construction |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516081713/http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22517/l/component-construction--vishay-optoelectronics |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 第一批 LED 係紅色同黃色，隨著時間嘅推移，開發出咗更高頻率嘅二極管。所有 LED 都產生非相干嘅、窄頻譜嘅光；「[[發光二極管#白色|白色]] LED」實際上係一種藍色 LED，佢帶有黃色 [[閃爍體]] 塗層，或者係三種唔同顏色 LED 嘅組合。LED 亦都可以喺信號應用入面用做低效率光電二極管。LED 可以同光電二極管或者光電晶體管喺同一個封裝入面配對，形成[[光耦合器]]。 ; [[激光二極管]] : 當 LED 樣式嘅結構包含喺通過拋光平行端面形成嘅[[光學腔|諧振腔]]入面嗰陣，就可以形成[[激光]]。激光二極管通常用於[[光學儲存]]設備同埋高速[[光學通訊]]。 ; [[熱二極管]] : 呢個術語既可以用於用於監測溫度嘅傳統 p–n 二極管（因為佢哋嘅正向電壓會隨溫度變化），又可以用於[[珀耳帖-塞貝克效應|珀耳帖熱泵]]，用於[[熱電冷卻|熱電加熱同冷卻]]。珀耳帖熱泵可以用半導體整，雖然佢哋冇任何整流結，但係佢哋利用 N 型同 P 型半導體入面電荷載流子嘅唔同行為嚟移動熱量。 ; [[光電二極管]] : 所有半導體都容易受到光學[[電荷載流子]]產生嘅影響。呢個通常係一種唔想要嘅效應，所以大多數半導體都封裝喺遮光材料入面。光電二極管旨在感應光（[[光檢測器]]），所以佢哋封裝喺允許光通過嘅材料入面，並且通常係 PIN 型（對光最敏感嘅二極管類型）。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ComponentConstruction.pdf Component Construction]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref> 光電二極管可以用喺[[太陽能電池]]、[[光度測定法 (光學)|光度測定法]]或者[[光學通訊]]入面。多個光電二極管可以封裝喺單個器件入面，以線性陣列或者二維陣列嘅形式。呢啲陣列唔應該同 [[電荷耦合器件]] 混淆。 ; [[PIN二極管]] : PIN 二極管有一個中心嘅未摻雜或者「本徵」層，形成 p 型/本徵/n 型結構。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics |title=Physics and Technology |date=2010-05-25 |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516081725/http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-22516/l/physics-and-technology--vishay-optoelectronics |archive-date=2016-05-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 佢哋用做射頻開關同埋衰減器。佢哋亦都用做大體積、電離輻射檢測器同埋[[光檢測器]]。PIN 二極管亦都用喺[[功率電子學]]入面，因為佢哋嘅中心層可以承受高電壓。此外，PIN 結構可以喺好多[[功率半導體器件]]入面搵到，例如 [[IGBT]]、功率 [[MOSFET]] 同埋 [[閘流管]]。 ;[[肖特基二極管]] :[[沃爾特·H·肖特基|肖特基]] 二極管係由金屬到半導體嘅接觸面構造而成嘅。佢哋嘅正向壓降比 p–n 結二極管低。佢哋喺約 1 mA 正向電流下嘅正向壓降喺 0.15 V 到 0.45 V 嘅範圍內，呢個令佢哋喺電壓 [[鉗位電路|鉗位應用]] 同埋防止電晶體飽和方面好有用。佢哋亦都可以用做低損耗[[整流器]]，雖然佢哋嘅反向洩漏電流通常比其他二極管嘅反向洩漏電流高。肖特基二極管係 [[多數載流子]] 器件，因此唔會受到少數載流子儲存問題嘅影響，呢個問題會拖慢好多其他二極管嘅速度——因此佢哋嘅反向恢復速度比 p–n 結二極管快。佢哋嘅結電容亦都傾向於比 p–n 二極管細好多，呢個提供咗高開關速度，並且佢哋可以用於高速電路同埋射頻器件，例如[[開關模式電源]]、[[混頻器]]同埋[[檢波器 (無線電)|檢波器]]。 ; 超勢壘二極管 : 超勢壘二極管係整流二極管，佢結合咗肖特基二極管嘅低正向壓降同埋普通 p–n 結二極管嘅浪湧處理能力同低反向洩漏電流。 ;[[金]]摻雜二極管 : 作為摻雜劑，金（或者 [[鉑]]）充當複合中心，佢有助於少數載流子嘅快速複合。呢個令二極管可以喺更高嘅信號頻率下工作，代價係更高嘅正向壓降。金摻雜二極管比其他 p–n 二極管更快（但係冇肖特基二極管咁快）。佢哋嘅反向電流洩漏亦都比肖特基二極管少（但係冇其他 p–n 二極管咁好）。<ref>[http://www.ixyspower.com/images/technical_support/Application%20Notes%20By%20Topic/FREDs,%20Schottky%20and%20GaAS%20Diodes/IXAN0044.pdf Fast Recovery Epitaxial Diodes (FRED) Characteristics – Applications – Examples] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326113147/http://www.ixyspower.com/images/technical_support/Application%20Notes%20By%20Topic/FREDs,%20Schottky%20and%20GaAS%20Diodes/IXAN0044.pdf |date=2009-03-26 }}. (PDF). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref><ref>Sze, S. M. (1998) ''Modern Semiconductor Device Physics'', Wiley Interscience, {{ISBN|0-471-15237-4}}</ref> 一個典型嘅例子係 1N914。 ; 突崩或者 [[階躍恢復二極管]] : 術語「階躍恢復」同呢啲器件嘅反向恢復特性嘅形式有關。喺正向電流已經喺 [[階躍恢復二極管|SRD]] 入面通過，並且電流中斷或者反轉之後，反向導通會非常突然噉停止（好似喺階躍波形入面噉）。因此，SRD 可以通過電荷載流子嘅非常突然嘅消失嚟提供非常快速嘅電壓躍遷。 ; [[穩壓二極管]] 或者「正向參考二極管」 : 術語「穩壓二極管」係指一種特殊類型嘅二極管，佢嘅特點係具有極其穩定嘅 [[p–n結#正向偏壓|正向電壓]] 特性。呢啲器件係專門為低電壓穩定應用而設計嘅，佢哋需要喺廣闊嘅電流範圍內保證電壓，並且喺溫度範圍內高度穩定。 ;[[瞬態電壓抑制二極管]] (TVS) : 呢啲係雪崩二極管，專門設計嚟保護其他半導體器件免受高壓 [[瞬變 (振盪)|瞬變]] 嘅影響。<ref>[http://digikey.com/Web%20Export/Supplier%20Content/Vishay_8026/PDF/Vishay_ProtectingLowCurrentLoads.pdf Protecting Low Current Loads in Harsh Electrical Environments]. Digikey.com (2009-05-27). Retrieved 2013-12-19.</ref> 佢哋嘅 p–n 結嘅橫截面積比普通二極管嘅橫截面積大好多，等佢哋可以將大電流傳導到接地而唔會受到損壞。 ; [[隧道二極管]] 或者 [[江崎二極管|江崎二極管]] : 呢啲二極管有一個工作區域，佢顯示[[負電阻]]，佢係由[[量子隧道效應]]引起嘅，<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jonscher, A. K. |doi=10.1088/0508-3443/12/12/304|title=The physics of the tunnel diode|year=1961|journal=British Journal of Applied Physics|volume=12|issue=12|page=654|bibcode = 1961BJAP...12..654J }}</ref> 允許放大信號同埋非常簡單嘅雙穩態電路。由於高載流子濃度，隧道二極管速度非常快，可以用喺低溫 (mK)、高磁場同埋高輻射環境入面。<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Dowdey, J. E. |author2=Travis, C. M. |doi= 10.1109/TNS2.1964.4315475|title=An Analysis of Steady-State Nuclear Radiation Damage of Tunnel Diodes|year=1964|journal=IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science|volume=11|issue=5|page=55|bibcode = 1964ITNS...11...55D }}</ref> 由於呢啲特性，佢哋通常用喺太空船入面。 ; [[變容二極管]] 或者變容管 : 呢啲用做壓控[[電容器]]。佢哋喺 PLL（[[鎖相環]]）同埋 FLL（[[鎖頻環]]）電路入面好重要，佢哋允許調諧電路（例如電視接收器入面嘅電路）快速鎖定頻率。佢哋亦都令收音機嘅早期離散調諧入面嘅可調諧振盪器成為可能，喺呢啲收音機入面，一個平價且穩定，但係固定頻率嘅晶體振盪器為 [[壓控振盪器]] 提供咗參考頻率。 ; [[齊納二極管]] : 佢哋可以製成喺反向偏壓（反向）下導通，並且正確嘅術語係反向擊穿二極管。呢個叫做 [[齊納擊穿]] 嘅效應，發生喺精確定義嘅電壓下，允許二極管用做精密電壓參考。術語齊納二極管口語化噉應用於幾種類型嘅擊穿二極管，但係嚴格嚟講，齊納二極管嘅擊穿電壓低於 5 伏特，而雪崩二極管用於高於呢個值嘅擊穿電壓。喺實際嘅電壓參考電路入面，齊納二極管同埋開關二極管串聯並且反向連接，嚟平衡二極管嘅溫度係數響應，使其接近於零。一啲標記為高壓齊納二極管嘅器件實際上係雪崩二極管（睇上面）。兩個（等效）齊納二極管串聯並且反向排序，喺同一個封裝入面，構成一個瞬態吸收器（或者 [[Transorb]]，一個註冊商標）。 ===圖形符號=== {{Main article|電子符號}} 用於表示[[電路圖]]入面特定類型二極管嘅符號，向讀者傳達咗一般嘅電氣功能。一啲類型嘅二極管有替代符號，不過差異好細微。符號入面嘅三角形指向正向，即係[[慣用電流]]流動嘅方向。 <gallery> File:Diode symbol.svg|二極管 File:LED symbol.svg|[[發光二極管]] (LED) File:Photodiode symbol.svg|[[光電二極管]] File:Schottky diode symbol.svg|[[肖特基二極管]] File:Transient voltage suppression diode symbol.svg|[[瞬態電壓抑制二極管]] (TVS) File:Tunnel diode symbol.svg|[[隧道二極管]] File:Varicap symbol.svg|[[變容二極管]] File:Zener diode symbol.svg|[[齊納二極管]] File:Diode pinout en fr.svg|典型嘅二極管封裝，對齊方式同二極管符號相同。幼線表示[[陰極]]。 </gallery> ===編號同編碼方案=== 二極管有好多常見嘅、標準嘅同埋製造商驅動嘅編號同編碼方案；最常見嘅兩種係 [[電子工業協會|EIA]]/[[JEDEC]] 標準同埋歐洲 [[Pro Electron]] 標準： ====EIA/JEDEC==== 標準化嘅 1N 系列編號 「[[JEDEC#起源|EIA370]]」系統喺 1960 年左右由 EIA/JEDEC（聯合電子器件工程委員會）喺美國推出。大多數二極管都有一個 1 字首標識（例如，1N4003）。呢個系列入面最受歡迎嘅係：1N34A/1N270（鍺信號）、1N914/[[1N4148信號二極管|1N4148]]（矽信號）、[[1N400x通用二極管|1N400x]]（矽 1A 功率整流器）同埋 [[1N58xx肖特基二極管|1N580x]]（矽 3A 功率整流器）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jedec.org/Home/about_jedec.cfm |title=About JEDEC |publisher=Jedec.org |access-date=2008-09-22 |archive-date=2012-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722152604/http://www.jedec.org/about-jedec |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.elektroda.net/introduction-dates-of-common-transistors-and-diodes-t94332.html |title=Introduction dates of common transistors and diodes? |publisher=EDAboard.com |date=2010-06-10 |access-date=2010-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011133032/http://news.elektroda.net/introduction-dates-of-common-transistors-and-diodes-t94332.html |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm |title=Transistor Museum Construction Projects Point Contact Germanium Western Electric Vintage Historic Semiconductors Photos Alloy Junction Oral History |publisher=Semiconductormuseum.com |author=I.D.E.A |access-date=2008-09-22}}</ref> ====JIS==== [[JIS半導體命名]]系統嘅所有半導體二極管命名都以「1S」開頭。 ====Pro Electron==== 歐洲 [[Pro Electron]] 有源元件編碼系統喺 1966 年推出，佢包括兩個字母，後面跟住零件代碼。第一個字母表示用於元件嘅半導體材料（A = 鍺，B = 矽），第二個字母表示零件嘅一般功能（對於二極管，A = 低功率/信號，B = 可變電容，X = 倍增器，Y = 整流器，Z = 電壓參考）；例如： AA 系列鍺低功率/信號二極管（例如，AA119） BA 系列矽低功率/信號二極管（例如，BAT18 矽射頻開關二極管） BY 系列矽整流二極管（例如，BY127 1250V，1A 整流二極管） BZ 系列矽齊納二極管（例如，BZY88C4V7 4.7V 齊納二極管） 其他常見嘅編號/編碼系統（通常由製造商驅動）包括： GD 系列鍺二極管（例如，GD9）——呢個係一個非常舊嘅編碼系統 OA 系列鍺二極管（例如，OA47）——[[穆拉德-飛利浦真空管命名|編碼序列]]，由英國公司 [[穆拉德]] 開發 ==相關器件== [[整流器]] [[電晶體]] [[閘流管]] 或者矽控整流器 (SCR) [[TRIAC]] [[DIAC]] [[壓敏電阻]] 喺光學入面，二極管嘅等效器件，但係用激光嘅話，會係 [[光隔離器]]，又叫做光學二極管，佢允許光淨係喺一個方向通過。佢使用 [[法拉第旋轉器]] 作為主要組件。<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-805345-4.00006-8 |chapter=Passive optical components |title=Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications |date=2020 |last1=Hui |first1=Rongqing |pages=209–297 |isbn=978-0-12-805345-4 }}</ref> ==應用== ===無線電解調=== [[File:Simple envelope detector.svg|thumb|300x300px|一個簡單嘅 [[包絡檢波器|包絡解調器]] 電路。]] 二極管嘅第一個用途係[[幅度調製|幅度調製]] (AM) 無線電廣播嘅解調。[[晶體檢波器]] 呢篇文章入面深入探討咗呢個發現嘅歷史。總之，AM 信號由無線電載波嘅交替正峰同負峰組成，佢嘅 [[幅度]] 或者包絡線同原始音頻信號成正比。二極管[[整流器|整流]] AM 無線電頻率信號，淨係留低載波嘅正峰。然後使用一個簡單嘅 [[電子濾波器|濾波器]] 從整流後嘅載波度提取音頻，並且饋送到音頻放大器或者 [[換能器]]，佢通過 [[揚聲器|音頻揚聲器]] 產生聲波。 喺微波同毫米波技術入面，從 1930 年代開始，研究人員改進咗晶體檢波器並且將佢小型化。[[#點接觸二極管|點接觸二極管]]（「晶體二極管」）同埋 [[#結型二極管|肖特基二極管]] 用喺雷達、微波同毫米波檢波器入面。<ref name="skyworks_01"/></ref> ===功率轉換=== {{Main article|整流器}} [[File:ACtoDCpowersupply.png|250px|thumb|基本 AC-DC 電源供應器嘅示意圖]] [[整流器]]係由二極管構成嘅，佢哋用嚟將[[交流電]] (AC) 電轉換成[[直流電]] (DC)。汽車[[交流發電機 (汽車)|交流發電機]] 係一個常見嘅例子，喺入面，將 AC 整流成 DC 嘅二極管提供咗比 [[換向器 (電機)|換向器]] 或者更早嘅 [[發電機|直流發電機]] 更好嘅性能。同樣，二極管亦都用喺「[[考克饒夫-沃爾頓發生器|考克饒夫-沃爾頓]] [[倍壓器]]」入面，將 AC 轉換成更高嘅 DC 電壓。 ===反向電壓保護=== 由於大多數電子電路喺佢哋嘅電源輸入嘅極性反轉嗰陣可能會損壞，所以有時會使用串聯二極管嚟防止呢啲情況。呢個概念有好多命名變體，佢哋嘅意思都係一樣嘅：反向電壓保護、反極性保護同埋反電池保護。 ===過壓保護=== 二極管經常畀人用嚟將破壞性嘅高電壓從敏感嘅電子器件度引走。佢哋通常喺正常情況下係反向偏壓（唔導通）嘅。當電壓升到高過正常範圍嗰陣，二極管就會變成正向偏壓（導通）。例如，二極管用喺（[[步進馬達]] 同埋 [[H橋]]）[[馬達控制器]] 同埋 [[繼電器]] 電路入面，嚟快速釋放線圈嘅能量，而唔會產生原本會發生嘅破壞性 [[電壓尖峰]]。（喺呢種應用入面使用嘅二極管叫做 [[續流二極管]]）。好多 [[積體電路]] 亦都在連接引腳上面包含二極管，嚟防止外部電壓損壞佢哋嘅敏感[[電晶體]]。專用二極管用於保護免受更高功率下嘅過電壓影響（睇上面嘅 [[#半導體二極管嘅類型|二極管類型]]）。 ===邏輯閘=== {{Main|二極管邏輯}} [[二極管邏輯|二極管-電阻器邏輯]] 構建 [[邏輯與|與]] 同埋 [[邏輯或|或]] [[邏輯閘]]。[[功能完備性]] 可以通過添加一個有源器件嚟提供 [[反相器 (邏輯閘)|反相]] 嚟實現（好似 [[二極管-電晶體邏輯]] 噉做嘅）。 ===電離輻射檢測器=== 除咗上面提到嘅光之外，[[半導體]] 二極管對更[[能量|高能量]]嘅輻射都好敏感。喺[[電子學]]入面，[[宇宙射線]] 同埋其他電離輻射源會引起 [[噪聲]] [[脈衝]] 同埋單位錯誤同埋多位錯誤。[[粒子探測器]] 有時會利用呢個效應嚟檢測輻射。單個輻射粒子，具有數千甚至數百萬 [[電子伏特]] 嘅能量，當佢嘅能量沉積喺半導體材料入面嗰陣，會產生好多電荷載流子對。如果耗盡層夠大，可以捕獲所有簇射或者阻止重粒子，就可以通過簡單噉測量傳導嘅電荷嚟相當準確噉測量粒子嘅能量，而唔需要磁譜儀等等嘅複雜性。呢啲半導體輻射檢測器需要高效且均勻嘅電荷收集同埋低洩漏電流。佢哋通常用 [[液態氮]] 冷卻。對於更長距離（大約一厘米）嘅粒子，佢哋需要非常大嘅耗盡深度同埋大面積。對於短距離粒子，佢哋需要至少一個表面上嘅任何接觸面或者未耗盡嘅半導體都非常薄。反向偏壓電壓接近擊穿電壓（每厘米約一千伏特）。鍺同埋矽係常見嘅材料。其中一啲檢測器既可以感應位置又可以感應能量。佢哋嘅壽命有限，尤其係喺檢測重粒子嗰陣，因為輻射損壞。矽同埋鍺喺將 [[伽瑪射線]] 轉換成電子簇射嘅能力方面非常唔同。 用於高能粒子嘅 [[半導體探測器]] 用量好大。由於能量損耗波動，準確測量沉積嘅能量嘅用處冇咁大。 ===溫度測量=== 二極管可以用做[[溫度]]測量設備，因為二極管兩端嘅正向壓降取決於溫度，好似喺 [[矽帶隙溫度感測器]] 入面噉。從上面畀出嘅肖克利理想二極管方程度，[[飽和電流|反向飽和電流]] 項嘅變化通常比熱電壓項嘅變化更顯著，所以可能會「睇起嚟」電壓具有「正」溫度係數（喺恆定電流下）。因此，大多數二極管都具有「負」溫度係數，矽二極管通常為 -2 mV/°C。對於高過約 20 [[開爾文]] 嘅溫度，溫度係數大致恆定。畀出咗一啲 1N400x 系列嘅圖表，<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com/1n400x_diode_family_forward_voltage.htm |title=1N400x Diode Family Forward Voltage |website=cliftonlaboratories.com |access-date=2013-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524153406/http://www.cliftonlaboratories.com/1n400x_diode_family_forward_voltage.htm |archive-date=2013-05-24}}</ref> 同埋 CY7 低溫溫度感測器。<ref>[http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/CY7.pdf Cryogenic Temperature Sensors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161206012326/http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/CY7.pdf |date=2016年12月6號 }}. omega.com</ref> ===電流導向=== 二極管將阻止意外方向嘅電流。為咗喺停電期間向電子電路供電，電路可以從 [[電池 (電學)|電池]] 度汲取電流。[[不斷電系統]] 可以用呢種方式使用二極管，嚟確保淨係喺必要嗰陣先至從電池度汲取電流。同樣，細船通常有兩個電路，每個電路都有自己嘅電池/電池組：一個用於引擎啟動；一個用於家用。通常，兩者都由單個交流發電機充電，並且使用重型分路充電二極管，嚟防止較高充電電池（通常係引擎電池）喺交流發電機冇運行嗰陣通過較低充電電池放電。 二極管亦都用喺[[電子琴|電子樂器鍵盤]]入面。為咗減少電子樂器鍵盤入面所需嘅佈線量，呢啲樂器通常使用[[鍵盤矩陣電路]]。鍵盤控制器掃描行同列，嚟確定演奏者按下咗邊個音符。矩陣電路嘅問題係，當同時按下幾個音符嗰陣，電流會通過電路反向流動，並且觸發「[[鍵盤 (電腦)#控制處理器|幻影按鍵]]」，佢哋會導致播放「幽靈」音符。為咗避免觸發唔想要嘅音符，大多數鍵盤矩陣電路都喺 [[樂器鍵盤]] 嘅每個琴鍵下面嘅開關焊接咗二極管。相同嘅原理亦都用於固態 [[彈珠機]] 入面嘅開關矩陣。 ===波形削波器=== {{Main article|削波器 (電子學)}} 二極管可以用嚟限制信號嘅正向或者負向偏移，令佢唔超過規定嘅電壓。 ===鉗位電路=== {{Main article|鉗位電路 (電子學)}} [[File:DiodeClamp.png|150px|thumb|呢個簡單嘅二極管鉗位電路會將輸入波形嘅負峰值鉗位到共模軌電壓]] 二極管 [[鉗位電路|鉗位電路]] 可以獲取一個週期性嘅交流信號，佢喺正值同負值之間振盪，並且垂直噉位移佢，等正峰或者負峰發生喺規定嘅水平。鉗位電路唔會限制信號嘅峰峰值偏移，佢會向上或者向下移動整個信號，從而將峰值放置喺參考水平。 ===計算指數同對數=== 二極管嘅指數電流-電壓關係畀利用嚟使用模擬電壓信號評估 [[指數運算]] 同埋佢嘅 [[反函數]] [[對數]]（睇下 [[運算放大器應用|指數輸出|對數輸出]]）。 ===振盪器=== 可以通過注入校準嘅電流脈衝嚟修改普通嘅半導體二極管，例如 1N4148，令佢具有負微分電阻，二極管喺雪崩區附近反向偏壓。經過呢種處理之後，同 L/C 電路相關聯嘅二極管可以振盪，頻率由 L/C 電路設定。最大頻率取決於使用嘅二極管。使用 1N4148，振盪可以高達 100 Mhz（睇下 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384043395_Another_way_to_create_negative_differential_resistance_Author） ==縮寫== 二極管喺 [[印刷電路板|PCB]] 上面通常叫做「D」代表二極管。有時會使用縮寫「CR」代表「晶體整流器」。<ref>{{cite book|author=John Ambrose Fleming|year=1919|url=https://archive.org/details/principleselect01flemgoog|title=The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy and Telephony|place=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|page=[https://archive.org/details/principleselect01flemgoog/page/n588 550]}}</ref> ==睇埋== * [[發光二極管]] * [[三極管]] ==參考文獻== {{Reflist}} ==延伸閱讀== ;歷史電路書籍 ''50 Simple LED Circuits''; 第 1 版；R.N. Soar；Babani Press；62 頁；1977 年；{{ISBN|978-0859340434}}。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Babani/42-Soar-50-Simple-LED-circuits.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''38 Practical Tested Diode Circuits For the Home Constructor''; 第 1 版；Bernard Babani；Krisson Printing；48 頁；1972 年。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Bernards%20Radio%20Manuals/09-38-Practical-Tested-Diode-Circuits.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''Diode Circuits Handbook''; 第 1 版；Rufus Turner；Howard Sams & Co；128 頁；1963 年；LCCN 63-13904。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Author-Groups/Rufus-Turner/Diode-Circuits-Handbook-Rufus-Turner.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''40 Uses for Germanium Diodes''; 第 2 版；Sylvania Electric Products；47 頁；1949 年。<small>[http://n4trb.com/AmateurRadio/SemiconductorHistory/40%20Uses%20for%20Germanium%20Diodes.pdf (存檔)]</small> ;歷史期刊 ''Rectifier Applications Handbook''; On Semiconductor；270 頁；2001 年。<small>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090407093106/http://www.ieeta.pt/~alex/docs/ApplicationNotes/Rectifier%20Applications%20Handbook.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''Silicon Rectifier Handbook''; 第 1 版；Bob Dale；Motorola；213 頁；1966 年。<small>[https://archive.org/details/RectifiersSCRsTriacs-MotorolaSiliconRectifierHandbook1966OCR/ (存檔)]</small> ''Electronic Rectification''; F.G. Spreadbury；D. Van Nostrand Co；1962 年。 ''Zener Diode Handbook''; International Rectifier；96 頁；1960 年。 ''F.T. Selenium Rectifier Handbook''; 第 2 版；Federal Telephone and Radio；80 頁；1953 年。<small>[https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bookshelf/Technology/Federal-Selenium-Rectifier-2nd-1953.pdf (存檔)]</small> ''S.T. Selenium Rectifier Handbook''; 第 1 版；Sarkes Tarzian；80 頁；1950 年。<small>[https://archive.org/details/Selenium_Rectifier_Handbook_Sarkes-Tarzian_Company/ (存檔)]</small> ;歷史數據手冊 [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_nationaldaDiscreteSemiconductorProducts_42478563 Discrete Databook]；1989 年；National Semiconductor（而家係德州儀器） [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_fairchilddldDiscreteDataBook_35122751 Discrete Databook]；1985 年；Fairchild（而家係安森美半導體） [https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_sgsdataBooDevices5ed_46325378 Discrete Databook]；1982 年；SGS（而家係意法半導體） [https://archive.org/details/1965MotorolaSemiconductorDataManual Semiconductor Databook]；1965 年；Motorola（而家係安森美半導體） ==外部連結== {{Commons category|Diodes}} {{Electronic component}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:電子元件]] 7yy3pcugafmusv2vt6ts46p9tzsa099 0 39261 2416314 1950560 2026-06-05T01:17:30Z HenryLi 14 通 2416314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox public transit | box_width = 285px | name = 曼谷大眾運輸系統 | image = BTS.svg | imagesize = 100px | image2 = Bangkok Skytrain 2011.jpg | imagesize2 = 275px | caption2 = | native_name = รถไฟฟ้าบีทีเอส | locale = 泰國[[曼谷]] | transit_type = 地鐵 | lines = 3 | stations = 64 | ridership = 71萬<ref>{{Cite web |url = http://www.btsgroup.co.th/en/investor-relations/bts-ridership |title = BTS Group investor relations |access-date = 2021年3月20號 |archive-date = 2020年5月3號 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200503131524/http://www.btsgroup.co.th/en/investor-relations/bts-ridership |url-status = dead }}</ref>（2019年11月） | began_operation = 1999年12月5號 | ended_operation = | owner = {{link-en|曼谷都會行政局|Bangkok Metropolitan Administration}}（曼谷內）<br>{{link-en|泰國大眾快速交通局|Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand|大眾快速交通局}}（曼谷外） | operator = [[BTS集團控股|曼谷大眾運輸系統公共有限公司]] | marks = | vehicles = 98列四節列車<br>[[龐巴迪Innovia APM]] | system_length = {{convert|69.97|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=เรื่องควรรู้ 6 ข้อ “รถไฟฟ้าสายสีเขียว” เปลี่ยนชีวิตคนสมุทรปราการสู่กลางใจเมือง|url=https://mgronline.com/onlinesection/detail/9610000120827}}</ref>、91公里（計劃緊） | track_gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} | average_speed = {{convert|35|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | top_speed = {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | el = [[第三軌供電]] 750 V 直流電 | map = {{BTS RDT}} | map_state = collapsed | website = {{url|http://www.bts.co.th/customer/en/main.aspx}} }} [[File:Bangkok-transit-map.svg|thumb|曼谷BTS路綫圖]] '''曼谷BTS'''（'''Bangkok Mass Transit System'''，簡稱'''BTS'''），係[[泰國]][[曼谷]]嘅[[集體運輸系統]]。1999年12月5號通車，家下有[[素坤逸綫]]同[[是隆綫]]。全長55公里。 ==車飛== {{expand section}} ===單程票=== [[單程票]]喺[[自動售票機]]出售，購買當日有效，出閘時收返。 ===一日票=== 一日票喺購票當日有效，可以無限次乘搭曼谷空鐵。 ==車站== {{expand section}} [[File:Bkk masstransit 2020 clear version english wiki-01.png|center|700px|thumb|曼谷城市軌道交通線地圖]] {| width=95% class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan=2| 線路 ! rowspan=2| 車站數量 ! rowspan=2| 總長度<br>（公里） ! rowspan=2| 總長度<br>（英里） ! rowspan=2| 行駛區間 ! rowspan=2| 每日客流量 ! colspan=2| 開通時間 |- ! 投入營運 ! 最近延長 |- |style="background: #{{BTS color|Sukhumvit}};" | '''[[素坤逸線|<font color="#000000">素坤逸線</font>]]''' || 47 || {{convert|53.58|km|mi|disp=table}} || [[窟口車站|窟口]] ↔ [[凱哈車站|凱哈]] || || 1999 || 2020 |- |style="background: #{{BTS color|Silom}}; | '''[[是隆線|<font color="#FFFFFF">是隆線</font>]]''' || 13 || {{convert|14.67|km|mi|disp=table}} || [[國家運動場車站|國家運動場]] ↔ {{link-en|曼瓦車站|Bang Wa BTS Station|曼瓦}} || || 1999 || 2013 |- |style="background: #{{BTS color|gold}}; | '''[[曼谷旅客捷運金線|<font color="#000000">曼谷旅客捷運金線</font>]]'''|| 3 || {{convert|1.72|km|mi|disp=table}} || 吞武里城站 ↔ 空訕站 || || 2020 || |- | 總計 || 64 || {{convert|69.97|km|mi|disp=table}} || || 900,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thansettakij.com/2016/05/17/52501|title=BTSเทหมื่นล้านซื้อรถไฟฟ้าล็อตใหญ่ ชี้ผู้โดยสารทะลุ9แสนเที่ยวคน/วัน|first=|last=ฐานเศรษฐกิจ|date=17 May 2016|publisher=|accessdate=25 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019034417/http://www.thansettakij.com/2016/05/17/52501|archive-date=2016-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> || || |} ==相== <gallery> File:Bangkok skytrain sunset.jpg| 曼谷大眾運輸系統 File:Bangkok Skytrain Saladaeng.jpg|沙拉岭車站附近 File:Train leaving Asok Station.jpg|亞索車站月台 File:Platform of Siam Station.jpg|暹羅車站 File:BTS faregates.JPG|自動檢票口 File:Bangkok Skytrain interior.JPG|車廂入面 File:โครงข่ายระบบรถไฟฟ้าขนส่งมวลชนในกรุงเทพฯ 110518.svg|曼谷大眾運輸系統及曼谷地鐵未來規劃 </gallery> ==參考== {{reflist}} == 連出去 == {{commons|Bangkok Skytrain}} * [http://www.bts.co.th/en/map.asp 曼谷BTS嘅官方網站] [[Category:曼谷BTS| ]] {{鐵路楔}} 3axu8adzvpy120ijgc0xuufxcqwc9ek 0 39737 2416340 2317616 2026-06-05T01:48:24Z HenryLi 14 通 2416340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unCantonese}} {{cleanup}} '''聖公會聖安德烈小學'''係[[香港]][[全日制]][[小學]]，喺2006年9月兩校合併而成，合拼咗[[聖公會聖多馬小學]]下午校、[[聖公會基榮小學]]下午校。 校長：陳嘉文 == 學校特色 == 一至六年級都有中、英、數、常、電腦、普通話、圖書、宗教、視藝、體育、成長課、音樂。 全校有二位外籍英文老師。 有多種興趣小組及星期六收費興趣班。 校隊包括：手鐘隊、節奏樂隊、中樂團、大提琴、管弦樂團、口琴、中英文話劇、粵劇、舞獅舞龍、田徑、乒乓球、籃球、排球、羽毛球、棒球、初級歌詠、高級歌詠…… 有言語治療師、教育心理學家服務。 設有融合教師、融合助理、學生輔導主任駐校服務。 四至六年級都有成長的天空計劃。 一年級設有「關懷小天使計劃」（又稱愛心小老師），由高年級學生協助小一生適應校園生活。 二年級開始設有兩班「小學加強輔導教學計劃」，以小班教學模式（大概八人一班）支援有學習困難嘅學生。 二至六年級都有英、數輔導課。 設有家長證書課程及家長義工計劃。 逢星期一、三設午間閱讀課，每個班務時間設有十分鐘早讀時間。 小一可以網上查閱功課。 設小海星、青苗等等學習支援計劃。 學生功課分量適中，課外活動同學業並重，為學生提供全方位學習課程。 配合課程改革嘅大趨勢，本校設有課程統籌主任，進行跨學科嘅專題研習，並提供多元化課程。 一至三年級活動教學；四至六年級傳統教學。 一至六年級有合作學習教學 學校有課外託管服務<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202312/07/P2023120700627.htm|title=政務司司長視察在校課後託管服務計劃推行情況後會見傳媒談話全文|publisher=香港特別行政區政府新聞公報}}</ref> ==學生編班安排== 一級6班,全校36班,以英文字母排列。一年級各班隨機平均分配。 三至六年級設普教中班（精英班）。三至六年級每級A、B班是精英班(入班要求為頭76名)，其餘各班依成績平均分配。 == 考試及評估 == 上學期：評估1次丶考試各1次，下學期：評估2次丶考試各2次，全年共3次考試及3次評估。 == 靈育及德育 == 逢星期二低年級及星期三高年級進行早會。 星期四設成長課或講座 活動課設團契；星期六設平安是福家長團契（同聖公會聖安堂合作）。 開學、聖誕節、復活節、畢業及結業均設崇拜。 逢星期日早上9:30設主日崇拜（活動室）。 == 參考 == <references /> == 出面網頁 == *[http://www.skhstandrews.edu.hk/ 聖安德烈小學] [[Category:香港小學]] c32fbhrsk9pge8hz3w86cnymikxdbya 0 39949 2416456 2373919 2026-06-05T04:30:08Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wang_Ting-Yu_-_by_Huang_Kuan-_03_(cropped).JPG | thumb | right | 照]]'''王定宇'''（{{jpingauto|wong4 ding6 jyu5}}；{{zh-t|t='''王定宇'''}}；{{bd|1969年|3月5號}}）係[[臺灣]][[臺南市]]東區第15、16屆市議員，臺南市議會[[民進黨]]團總召。佢做議員期間一直涉及爭議，包括[[2005年中國國民黨和平之旅]]時嘅[[中正機場滋擾案]]、2008年張銘清事件。<ref name="apple">參考蘋果日報民國97年10月22日，[http://1-apple.com.tw/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Article&sec_id=1&NewsType=1&showdate=20081022&IssueID=20081022&art_id=31071468&SubSec=66 王定宇擅群眾抗爭 企圖心強 廣播電台出身 《大話新聞》任要角] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025072546/http://1-apple.com.tw/index.cfm?Fuseaction=Article&Sec_ID=1&IssueID=20081022&art_id=31071468&NewsType=1&SubSec=66&ShowDate=20081022 |date=2008年10月25號 }}</ref><ref>{{引網 |url=http://n.yam.com/focus/politics/18517/ |title=yam新聞，張銘清遭綠營人士追打 被推倒地影音特輯 |access-date=2008年10月22號 |archive-date=2008年10月24號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024132939/http://n.yam.com/focus/politics/18517/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{引網 |url=http://www.nownews.com/2008/10/21/301-2353137.htm |title=張銘清被打／無心傷害？王定宇：張自己踢到榕樹根跌倒！ |access-date=2008年10月22號 |archive-date=2008年10月21號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021172838/http://www.nownews.com/2008/10/21/301-2353137.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.idn.com.tw/news/news_content.php?catid=1&catsid=2&catdid=0&artid=20081021andy003 自立晚報 民進黨員王定宇啟動暴力 毆打海協會張銘清]</ref><ref>[http://money.chinatimes.com/q_news/971021000897.htm 張銘清遭綠營市議員王定宇率眾追打，身上受到多處擦撞傷]{{Deadlink}}</ref><ref>參考 自立晚報民國97年10月21日，民進黨王定宇想擊潰台灣經濟！，http://www.idn.com.tw/news/news_content.php?catid=1&catsid=3&catdid=0&artid=20081021andy004</ref><ref>參考 聯合報[http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NATS9/4567041.shtml 張銘清遭追打 推倒摔地] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024130558/http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NATS9/4567041.shtml |date=2008年10月24號 }}</ref><ref>參考 Youtube[http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=94_0dGfGyMw 王定宇率眾向張銘清抗議，張被推倒慢動作影片]</ref><ref>參考 Youtube[http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=Uy2lkHb7bo0 暴力民進黨人毆打大陸海協會副會長張銘清]</ref><ref>參考 香港文匯報[http://news.wenweipo.com/2008/10/21/IN0810210051.htm 謊話連篇！王定宇：張銘清自己跌倒的]</ref><ref>參考 蘋果日報[http://1-apple.com.tw/dsp_Image.cfm?&art_id=31071482&block_num=1&photo_num=1&TmpSub=twapple&IssueID=20081022&Path=http://img.1-apple.com.tw/1-www/060328/twapple/640pix/20081022/LN02/LN02_008.jpg 孔廟售票員王小姐說，張銘清跌倒的地方，並沒有王定宇所說的樹根。] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426042450/http://1-apple.com.tw/dsp_Image.cfm |date=2009年4月26號 }}</ref><ref>東森新聞[http://www.nownews.com/2008/10/21/301-2353367.htm 還原衝突發生的那一刻] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022051508/http://www.nownews.com/2008/10/21/301-2353367.htm |date=2008年10月22號 }}{{quote|張銘清在離開孔廟後，立刻遭到綠營支持者包圍，一開始民眾只是用言語和以手指動作謾罵張銘清，並沒有肢體接觸，但民進黨議員王定宇第一個出手，拉住張銘清肩膀，有了人帶頭後，群眾更是一湧而上。}}</ref> == 參考資料 == {{refs| }} == 外面網頁 == *[http://www.tncc.gov.tw/tnccp/ccp.asp 臺南市議會議員資訊網] *[http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/choupolintw/ 台灣戰艦王定宇日誌] *[http://taiwanyes.ning.com/group/dingyu 王定宇網路軍團] [[Category:台灣政治人]] [[Category:國立成功大學舊生]] [[Category:王氏|定宇]] {{TW-bio-stub}} qqly9oc065rceesng5yc43pcm8qcznc 0 43357 2416349 1217414 2026-06-05T02:06:30Z HenryLi 14 修 2416349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Sathon Road.jpg|right|thumb|沙吞路]] '''沙吞路'''（''Thanon Sathorn''）係[[曼谷]]大[[馬路]]，佢商業區南面，車東西行，慣穿[[沙吞區]]，同[[是隆路 (曼谷)|是隆路]]平行。呢度有好多[[商業大廈]]。<P> 中間有條[[運河|運河仔]]，唔容易睇到。因此又分為'''沙吞南路、沙吞北路'''，其實係同一條路兩邊。 路上有外國使館。沙吞南路西段，有[[泰華總商會]]六十層大廈。 [[分類: 曼谷街道]] a8rt0nxb6h8f130xz8gvg77wr40uy4n 0 48362 2416408 1920695 2026-06-05T03:27:51Z 周大福病毒 338821 /* 參考 */ 2416408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unCantonese}} 自1989年6月4號[[六四事件]]之後，每年[[6月4號]]世界各地華人都會進行集會，紀念有關[[民主運動]]事件死難者。其中包括[[香港]][[維多利亞公園]]嘅[[六四燭光晚會]]，同埋之後出現嘅[[五區六四集會]]，即「尖沙咀六四集會」。 ==中國大陸紀念活動== {{main|天安門母親|維權運動}} 中國大陸，根本冇辦法設立六四網站。八九民運嘅研討，資料嘅收集，同網站嘅設置，基本上都係海外華人同埋有識之士喺度做。美國嘅公共電視台亦製作咗關於八九民運嘅紀錄片。好多以前參加民運嘅人士都已經離開咗中國。只有一啲人重繼續參加中國嘅民主運動。世界各地嘅華人地區，仍然有關於八九民運嘅會議，紀念活動。 中國大陸雖然就[[六四事件]]之後變得政治保守，94年重開始推所謂「[[愛國教育]]」、[[仇日]][[排外]]思想日益增加。不過，民間都有好多紀念活動，例如[[天安門母親]]。[[八九民運]]係中國[[改革開放]]必然過程，人民權利爭取必須時刻。近年時代變，由於[[政治]][[民主]]化[[社會運動]]同其他全球化[[普世價值]]影響，冇因愛國愛黨「洗腦教育」而消失，令到中國大陸人（特別係經過[[文化大革命]]同八十年代，而家一班[[中年]]同[[老人家]]）開始主動關心自己個人權益，就社會唔公平問題會有「[[維權]]」主見。另外，新生代亦會受到外來文化影響而向往，如[[日本文化]]、[[西餐]]。 ==港澳地區紀念活動== ===[[維園六四燭光晚會]]=== 1990年開始，[[大中華主義]]政治團體[[支聯會]]每年[[6月4號]]晚上會主辦六四燭光晚會（晚會）。晚會係[[維多利亞公園]]進行靜坐集合，市民自由參加。不過，自2010年代集合受到考驗，先有[[梁振英|梁振英政府]]批評；曾有特區政府或其他[[親中派]]團體，同維園晚會主辦單位鬥快租場；同埋部份新一代對集會，「平反」意義上質疑，有人甚至轉場去尖沙咀六四集會，甚至冇集會。 ===[[尖沙咀六四集會]]=== 2013年舉行首次尖沙咀六四集會（尖咀集會），搞手係[[本土主義]]人士，突顯唔同支聯會晚會。有次由[[熱血公民]]，同[[普羅政治學苑]]政黨做主辦，用「本土、民主、反共」[[口號]]，本土思潮配合當時[[梁振英|梁振英政府]]統治問題。集會取消燭光悼念儀式，而加入誓師儀式、焚燒[[中國共產黨]]黨旗，同去[[廣東道]][[自由行]]等等元素，令集會變成一種本土抗爭運動。2016年，[[香港復興會]]（[[城邦派]]）加入做主辦。有部分支持者聲言，對支聯會集會冇改變，同淪為[[民主派]]政黨宣傳平台，而感到反感。 === 情況 === ==== 支聯會 ==== 香港每年都有支聯會平反六四紀念晚會活動，紀念六四死難者。 =====2003年===== 大約五萬名香港人參加十四週年燭光集會，悼念事件同時反對[[基本法]]第二十三條立法。支聯會主席司徒華表示，即使有關法例通過，集會都唔會停辦。「反對23，毋忘六四」係當年晚會嘅新主題。一啲以往無出席集會嘅香港人，都破例。群眾坐滿咗維多利亞公園五個足球場。支聯會都播放民運人士[[丁子霖]]同學運領袖[[王丹]]嘅講話。喺支聯會嘅燭光晚會開始前，香港嘅天主教團體喺維多利亞公園嘅另一角落舉行祈禱會，有三百幾人參加。祈禱會名為「民主中國」，主題係「傾聽良心嘅呼聲，舞動生命嘅熱情」。天主教香港教區主教[[陳日君]]，唔介意自己身為教區主教身份，為中國大陸嘅人民祈福，並盼望中國民主改革。 =====2004年===== 估計有八萬幾人參加維多利亞公園舉行嘅六四十五週年紀念晚會。係1993年以來人數最多嘅一次。上百名"自由行"嘅大陸民眾喺香港參加被中國大陸政府禁止嘅「六四」紀念活動，創下歷年嘅最高紀錄。組織者話收到唔少人民幣捐款，顯然係有一啲大陸民眾參加咗呢個晚會。收到大約四千元人民幣捐款，遠比佢哋喺過去舉辦嘅六四晚會多，過去只係收到一、兩百元人民幣。自一九八九年以來，受訪者平均參加咗五點八次「六四」燭光晚會；四號晚參加集會嘅十五歲或以上市民中，29%屬於首次參加，12%每次都有參加；而回歸以來每次都有參加嘅，就佔22%。 =====2005年===== 六四事件十六週年，支聯會晚上八時喺維園舉行燭光晚會，晚會開始後冇耐，到場嘅市民坐滿四個足球場。主題係以史為鑒，平反六四。大會播放八九民運錄影片段，同時奏哀樂，稍後有獻花、燃點火炬、致悼辭同默哀一分鐘儀式。現場又有豎立「民主烈士永垂唔朽」紀念碑。由於晚上有雨，參加者唔少都舉起雨傘下，點起燭光。喺晚會開始前，有天主教團體喺維園涼亭舉行祈禱會，悼念六四。 =====2006年===== 六四燭光晚會，仍然有四萬四千人參加，參加人數同往年差唔多。根據香港大學民意計劃，喺上週四所公佈嘅六四民調結果，喺六四事件過咗十七年後，仍然有百分之五十三嘅市民認為當年北京學生做法正確。有百分之五十六嘅市民，依然認為北京當局要平反八九民運。支聯會近年嘅口號係，教育新一代，接好民主棒。 =====2012年===== 香港舉辦紀念六四遇難者嘅燭光晚會人數高達18萬人，係歷年最多人參與。 =====2020年同2021年===== 2020年同2021年，香港警方都以放疫為由反對[[支聯會]]喺[[維園]]舉辦燭光晚會。2020年嘅六四燭光晚會，在場人士更加推跌鐵欄進入維園[[藍球場]]進行悼念，當中前香港[[眾志]]創黨主席[[羅冠聰]]、秘書長[[黃之鋒]]、[[岑敖暉]]同[[袁嘉蔚]]等人亦有出席，一年後被指控涉嫌參與未經批准集結，遭判刑10個月。 ==== 反對支聯會 ==== ===== 親共人士 ===== 香港[[激進建制派|親共激進派]]推出Facebook組織「六四真相」，由[[李偲嫣]]聯同多個[[藍絲]]群組建立。內容係用文字同原有新聞影片進行加工合成，加入「六四當中無人死」、「見唔到有人中槍死」呢啲宣稱，以此對抗[[支聯會]][[維園六四燭光晚會]]。當中相對吸引出位言論有2014年六四25週年前夕，李偲嫣上電台節目表示解放軍無「亂槍掃射」，重話：「[[解放軍]]都有死啦，咁你嗰啲唔計嘅....」。藝人[[黃秋生]]用簡單一句留言話李偲嫣：「[[中國抗日戰爭|日軍侵華]]，[[日軍]]都有死啦...」。支聯會活動當日有參加「平反」集會人士被路人指罵，甚至追打。 ===== 本土派別 ===== [[2018年]]，[[六四天安門事件29週年]]時，部份本土派團體繼續5年前尖沙咀舉行六四晚會活動，聲稱同支聯會有分別。此類集會曾經有人大叫：「[[香港獨立]]」等口號<ref name="尖沙嘴晚會">[https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180604/58277101 【六四29】團體尖沙嘴另起爐灶 外國人：香港應該繼續堅持] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315224000/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180604/58277101 |date=2020年3月15號 }} [[蘋果日報]]，2018年06月04日</ref>。 ===[[澳門民主發展聯委會]]=== ==睇埋== * [[民主女神]] * [[民主歌聲獻中華]] * [[國殤之柱]] * [[資產階級自由化]] ==參考== {{Reflist|2}} {{同享類|Demonstrations and protests marking anniversaries of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989}} [[Category:八九民運]] 以悼念约一亿名因共产主义政治制度而逝去的受害者。川普当时在公告中说，举办“反共产主义周”是为了庄严纪念这个史上最具破坏性意识形态之一所造成的浩劫。 “一个多世纪以来，共产主义带来的只有毁灭。它所到之处，都压制异议，惩罚信仰，要求一代又一代人向国家权力屈服，而非捍卫自由。”川普当时在公告中说，“它的历史是用鲜血和悲痛而写成，这残酷地提醒我们，共产主义不过是奴役的另一种说法。” https://freedom.gov/ https://www.namecheap.com/domains/registration/results/?domain=tianya https://letsencrypt.org https://dongtaiwang.com 有网民说，中共国保警察警告他，转发一张“VIIV”图片可被所谓“拘留”10天 6月3第二天是。结果，账号竟直接被平台封禁10年 而是连“6月6”、泰勒丝专辑《1989》，都成为重点管控对象 「境外人员动态管控平台」里找到了一个专属自己的「数据包」。里面有什么？不仅有她2021年的旧照片、护照号码、中国手机号、任职机构、中英文姓名、出生年月日，甚至还有她在某个特定十字路口被摄像头精准捕捉、拍到过78次的恐怖记录！ 严倩君在后来的报导中形容说，那种感觉，就叫做「毛骨悚然」 29bgyza1xpk9lgg46qlwhmhfh6a6cft 2416505 2416408 2026-06-05T10:58:18Z Geistory317 198212 反轉咗[[Special:Contributions/周大福病毒|周大福病毒]] ([[User talk:周大福病毒|talk]])作出嘅1次修改: Non cantonese 2416505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unCantonese}} 自1989年6月4號[[六四事件]]之後，每年[[6月4號]]世界各地華人都會進行集會，紀念有關[[民主運動]]事件死難者。其中包括[[香港]][[維多利亞公園]]嘅[[六四燭光晚會]]，同埋之後出現嘅[[五區六四集會]]，即「尖沙咀六四集會」。 ==中國大陸紀念活動== {{main|天安門母親|維權運動}} 中國大陸，根本冇辦法設立六四網站。八九民運嘅研討，資料嘅收集，同網站嘅設置，基本上都係海外華人同埋有識之士喺度做。美國嘅公共電視台亦製作咗關於八九民運嘅紀錄片。好多以前參加民運嘅人士都已經離開咗中國。只有一啲人重繼續參加中國嘅民主運動。世界各地嘅華人地區，仍然有關於八九民運嘅會議，紀念活動。 中國大陸雖然就[[六四事件]]之後變得政治保守，94年重開始推所謂「[[愛國教育]]」、[[仇日]][[排外]]思想日益增加。不過，民間都有好多紀念活動，例如[[天安門母親]]。[[八九民運]]係中國[[改革開放]]必然過程，人民權利爭取必須時刻。近年時代變，由於[[政治]][[民主]]化[[社會運動]]同其他全球化[[普世價值]]影響，冇因愛國愛黨「洗腦教育」而消失，令到中國大陸人（特別係經過[[文化大革命]]同八十年代，而家一班[[中年]]同[[老人家]]）開始主動關心自己個人權益，就社會唔公平問題會有「[[維權]]」主見。另外，新生代亦會受到外來文化影響而向往，如[[日本文化]]、[[西餐]]。 ==港澳地區紀念活動== ===[[維園六四燭光晚會]]=== 1990年開始，[[大中華主義]]政治團體[[支聯會]]每年[[6月4號]]晚上會主辦六四燭光晚會（晚會）。晚會係[[維多利亞公園]]進行靜坐集合，市民自由參加。不過，自2010年代集合受到考驗，先有[[梁振英|梁振英政府]]批評；曾有特區政府或其他[[親中派]]團體，同維園晚會主辦單位鬥快租場；同埋部份新一代對集會，「平反」意義上質疑，有人甚至轉場去尖沙咀六四集會，甚至冇集會。 ===[[尖沙咀六四集會]]=== 2013年舉行首次尖沙咀六四集會（尖咀集會），搞手係[[本土主義]]人士，突顯唔同支聯會晚會。有次由[[熱血公民]]，同[[普羅政治學苑]]政黨做主辦，用「本土、民主、反共」[[口號]]，本土思潮配合當時[[梁振英|梁振英政府]]統治問題。集會取消燭光悼念儀式，而加入誓師儀式、焚燒[[中國共產黨]]黨旗，同去[[廣東道]][[自由行]]等等元素，令集會變成一種本土抗爭運動。2016年，[[香港復興會]]（[[城邦派]]）加入做主辦。有部分支持者聲言，對支聯會集會冇改變，同淪為[[民主派]]政黨宣傳平台，而感到反感。 === 情況 === ==== 支聯會 ==== 香港每年都有支聯會平反六四紀念晚會活動，紀念六四死難者。 =====2003年===== 大約五萬名香港人參加十四週年燭光集會，悼念事件同時反對[[基本法]]第二十三條立法。支聯會主席司徒華表示，即使有關法例通過，集會都唔會停辦。「反對23，毋忘六四」係當年晚會嘅新主題。一啲以往無出席集會嘅香港人，都破例。群眾坐滿咗維多利亞公園五個足球場。支聯會都播放民運人士[[丁子霖]]同學運領袖[[王丹]]嘅講話。喺支聯會嘅燭光晚會開始前，香港嘅天主教團體喺維多利亞公園嘅另一角落舉行祈禱會，有三百幾人參加。祈禱會名為「民主中國」，主題係「傾聽良心嘅呼聲，舞動生命嘅熱情」。天主教香港教區主教[[陳日君]]，唔介意自己身為教區主教身份，為中國大陸嘅人民祈福，並盼望中國民主改革。 =====2004年===== 估計有八萬幾人參加維多利亞公園舉行嘅六四十五週年紀念晚會。係1993年以來人數最多嘅一次。上百名"自由行"嘅大陸民眾喺香港參加被中國大陸政府禁止嘅「六四」紀念活動，創下歷年嘅最高紀錄。組織者話收到唔少人民幣捐款，顯然係有一啲大陸民眾參加咗呢個晚會。收到大約四千元人民幣捐款，遠比佢哋喺過去舉辦嘅六四晚會多，過去只係收到一、兩百元人民幣。自一九八九年以來，受訪者平均參加咗五點八次「六四」燭光晚會；四號晚參加集會嘅十五歲或以上市民中，29%屬於首次參加，12%每次都有參加；而回歸以來每次都有參加嘅，就佔22%。 =====2005年===== 六四事件十六週年，支聯會晚上八時喺維園舉行燭光晚會，晚會開始後冇耐，到場嘅市民坐滿四個足球場。主題係以史為鑒，平反六四。大會播放八九民運錄影片段，同時奏哀樂，稍後有獻花、燃點火炬、致悼辭同默哀一分鐘儀式。現場又有豎立「民主烈士永垂唔朽」紀念碑。由於晚上有雨，參加者唔少都舉起雨傘下，點起燭光。喺晚會開始前，有天主教團體喺維園涼亭舉行祈禱會，悼念六四。 =====2006年===== 六四燭光晚會，仍然有四萬四千人參加，參加人數同往年差唔多。根據香港大學民意計劃，喺上週四所公佈嘅六四民調結果，喺六四事件過咗十七年後，仍然有百分之五十三嘅市民認為當年北京學生做法正確。有百分之五十六嘅市民，依然認為北京當局要平反八九民運。支聯會近年嘅口號係，教育新一代，接好民主棒。 =====2012年===== 香港舉辦紀念六四遇難者嘅燭光晚會人數高達18萬人，係歷年最多人參與。 =====2020年同2021年===== 2020年同2021年，香港警方都以放疫為由反對[[支聯會]]喺[[維園]]舉辦燭光晚會。2020年嘅六四燭光晚會，在場人士更加推跌鐵欄進入維園[[藍球場]]進行悼念，當中前香港[[眾志]]創黨主席[[羅冠聰]]、秘書長[[黃之鋒]]、[[岑敖暉]]同[[袁嘉蔚]]等人亦有出席，一年後被指控涉嫌參與未經批准集結，遭判刑10個月。 ==== 反對支聯會 ==== ===== 親共人士 ===== 香港[[激進建制派|親共激進派]]推出Facebook組織「六四真相」，由[[李偲嫣]]聯同多個[[藍絲]]群組建立。內容係用文字同原有新聞影片進行加工合成，加入「六四當中無人死」、「見唔到有人中槍死」呢啲宣稱，以此對抗[[支聯會]][[維園六四燭光晚會]]。當中相對吸引出位言論有2014年六四25週年前夕，李偲嫣上電台節目表示解放軍無「亂槍掃射」，重話：「[[解放軍]]都有死啦，咁你嗰啲唔計嘅....」。藝人[[黃秋生]]用簡單一句留言話李偲嫣：「[[中國抗日戰爭|日軍侵華]]，[[日軍]]都有死啦...」。支聯會活動當日有參加「平反」集會人士被路人指罵，甚至追打。 ===== 本土派別 ===== [[2018年]]，[[六四天安門事件29週年]]時，部份本土派團體繼續5年前尖沙咀舉行六四晚會活動，聲稱同支聯會有分別。此類集會曾經有人大叫：「[[香港獨立]]」等口號<ref name="尖沙嘴晚會">[https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180604/58277101 【六四29】團體尖沙嘴另起爐灶 外國人：香港應該繼續堅持] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315224000/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20180604/58277101 |date=2020年3月15號 }} [[蘋果日報]]，2018年06月04日</ref>。 ===[[澳門民主發展聯委會]]=== ==睇埋== * [[民主女神]] * [[民主歌聲獻中華]] * [[國殤之柱]] * [[資產階級自由化]] ==參考== {{Reflist|2}} {{同享類|Demonstrations and protests marking anniversaries of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989}} [[Category:八九民運]] 3rjlkdrf63tj79mjmzeel7mkdc1ur1b 0 49735 2416511 2076086 2026-06-05T11:07:44Z HenryLi 14 史。途。源 2416511 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HK Aberdeen Main Road sign 香港仔大道 Minibus n Esso petrol station a.jpg|thumb|200px|香港仔大道，近[[加油站]]]] '''香港仔大道'''，[[香港]]一[[馬路|道]]，行經[[香港仔]]市中心。叫佢大道，皆因佢舊時主路，沿住[[石排灣]]舊岸，出入香港仔。後尾起咗[[香港仔海傍道]]，貫通東西大條新路，唔入市中心就少行。海傍道起，海傍道止。中間向北曲咗入去，東面同海傍道貼住平排，當中有段全無分隔，至終匯入海傍道。呢一曲，西面原本包住[[林蒙船塢]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.hkmemory.hk/tc/collection_details.html?catalogueRecordId=95206|title=林蒙船塢一覽|website=www.hkmemory.hk|language=zh-hk|access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>，即之後[[香港仔夏圃船塢]]，再之後拆咗變[[香港仔中心]]。東面就石排灣聚落，即舊大街嗰邊。 == 語源 == 香港仔大道英文Aberdeen Main Road。意思香港仔通去其他地方主路。 == 史 == 香港仔大道可謂[[裙帶路]]尾，[[香港開埠]]前就有。至先聚落叫石排灣，今日舊大街。而東面直路，後起成市叫[[香港街]]。英人統治無耐，就開咗[[舊香島道]]，包括今日香港仔啲路。一九六一年，香島道分拆成八段命名，即[[柴灣道]]、[[大潭道]]、[[赤柱峽道]]、[[淺水灣道]]、[[香島道]]、[[黃竹坑道]]、香港仔大道、[[石排灣道]]。香港仔一段命名為香港仔大道。同年十一月廿三號，香港仔大道擴闊完成<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sls.hkpl.gov.hk/digital-collection/tc/contentcoverpage.html?currentPosition=1&catalogueId=2c9f95219cb711ef9c2&mainKeyword=香港仔大道|title=香港仔大道擴寬一百呎 新路開放 舊路低約二呎竪牌封閉|date=1961-11-24|publisher=華僑日報|page=第二張第一頁}}</ref>。而舊時香港仔大道更加長，西面到牛奶公司倉庫，東面到明渠。 一九八五年香港仔海傍道通車，香港仔魚類批發市場一段，併入香港仔海傍道，而十五間一段就保留。 == 路徑 == 以湖南街做分界，街北就雙程路，街南東行就單程路。行分段順住來講就咁。 * 西起海傍道，[[香港仔魚類批發市場]]對出。 * 東北行到[[奉天街]]，奉天街喺東面。呢段西北工廠大廈，東南[[利群商場]]。 * 屈北到[[香港仔華人永遠墳場]]。西面[[工廠]][[大廈]]，東面[[香港仔中心]]。 * 過墳場成彎位，向東偏南到[[成都道]]，成都道喺南面。北面[[聖伯多祿中學]]，過啲[[永發商業大廈]]同幾棟[[唐樓]]。南面香港仔中心。 * 繼續直行到[[東勝道]]，東勝道橫過大道。北面[[裕輝商業中心]]、[[香港仔渣打銀行大廈]]、唐樓。南面[[珍寶商場]]、[[香港仔大樓]]。 * 繼續直行到街口稍彎南，東北駁[[香港仔水塘道]]、西駁[[洛陽石竹|洛陽街]]。北面[[香島大廈]]、[[港基大廈]]、[[香港仔天后古廟]]。南面[[中國石油]][[油站]]。 * 轉南成[[分隔車道]]，分成南北行道。 ** 北行道 *** 到[[西安街]]，街喺西便。西面唐樓。 *** 到[[湖北街]]，街喺西便。西面[[金豐大廈]]同[[多層停車場]]。東便匯入天橋車流，來自海傍道西行。 *** 到[[湖南街]]，街喺西便。西面<bdi>[[海波大樓]]</bdi><bdi>、[[安泰大廈]]。而北行道到此為止。過湖南街就有[[香港仔巴士總站]]。</bdi> ** 南行道 *** 到[[香港仔舊大街]]，大街喺西便。東面[[嘉諾撒培德學校]]。 *** 到[[漁暉道]]，道喺東便。東面[[海滙大廈]]同唐樓。 *** 到無名街，街喺東便。東面[[宏興大廈]]、[[利發大廈]]、唐樓。東面近宏興大廈，車有分道上天橋出海傍道西行。 *** 向東南彎，北駁香港仔舊大街，西駁香港仔巴士總站出口。 *** 續彎。北面[[香港仔舊大街休憩花園]]。 *** 續彎。上[[蒲窩青少年中心]]山路。 *** 續彎。北面[[香港仔大石角休憩花園]]。 *** 彎盡東行到[[嘉寧大廈]]。匯合海旁道東行，留行車綫一行，無所分隔。之後再成分隔車道，同海旁道分開。 *** 到[[建輝大廈]]。行車道駁入海旁道東行。 *** 到[[景惠花園]]，行人路完。中間有[[香港仔大道公廁]]。前面車路上[[鴨脷洲大橋]]。 == 附近 == *[[香港仔中心]] *[[香港仔水塘]] *[[香港仔海濱公園]] == 攷 == {{Reflist}}{{commonscat|Aberdeen Main Road}} [[Category:香港仔街道]] [[en:Aberdeen Main Road]] 3o149kh4m5nsqgmj6mksznad1ylhnrd 0 50221 2416317 1187907 2026-06-05T01:19:10Z HenryLi 14 通 2416317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{巴士型號明細 | background = | name = Scania L94 | imagesize = 250px | image = Scania L94 Wright Solar 01.jpg | caption = Scania L94UB | manufacturer = [[斯堪尼亞|Scania]] | factory = [[瑞典]] | replaced = Scania L113 | yearconstruction = 1997年—2006年 | successor = [[Scania K-series]] | competitor = | length = | width = | height = | engine = Scania DSC9/DC9 | gearbox = 棍波/自動波 }} '''Scania L94'''係[[瑞典]][[斯堪尼亞|Scania]]出嘅一系列[[後置引擎]][[巴士]]，取代咗Scania L113。 L94係用Scania DSC9歐盟二型引擎，後來改用DC9歐盟三型引擎，兩隻都係9升嘅。引擎同[[Scania K94]]一樣係打直擺喺車尾，不過副引擎係打側咗60度擺。佢可以整成城市巴士'''L94UB'''、掛接城市巴士'''L94UA'''，或者市際車'''L94IB'''。 Scania L94喺2006年俾[[Scania K-series]]取代。 {{commons cat}} [[Category:巴士型號]] c25f9qqb4a4jl78ven4x1l9dw21nah7 0 53600 2416432 2133611 2026-06-05T04:08:02Z HenryLi 14 修 2416432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Varanasiganga.jpg|thumb|恆河]] {{ruby-yue|'''恆'''|hang4}}'''河'''（{{lang-sa|'''गङ्गा'''|Ganga}}；{{lang-bn|'''পদ্মা'''|Padma}}）係[[南亞]]大[[河]]，流經[[印度]]、[[孟加拉國|孟加拉]]。印度最長河，有二千五公里咁長<ref> {{cite book |author1-last=Jain |author1-first=Sharad K. |author2=等 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |url=https://archive.org/details/hydrologywaterre0000jain |location=Berlin |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |ISBN=978-1402051791 |language=en}} </ref>。佢同[[布拉馬普特拉河]]、[[梅克納河]]夾埋，係世界頂級流量水系之一<ref name="Natgeo">{{cite encyclopedia |work=National Geographic |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ganges-river-basin/ |title=Ganges River Basin |access-date=May 14, 2023 |language=en}}</ref>。 恆河由印度[[北阿坎德邦]]出發，經過[[恆河平原]]，流入[[印度洋]][[孟加拉灣]]。 恆河係[[印度教]]聖河，[[恆河女神]]亦係佢哋主神。除此之外，恆河仲養活咗唔少魚等其他動物，以及沿河人。佢好重要。不過佢[[污染]]得好嚴重。 == 名 == 喺梵文入面，恆河叫 {{transl|sa|Ganga}}，有流得快、唔斷流嘅含義。 恆河個中文名意思係「恆久嘅河」，就係嚟自呢個含義。佢另外仲有「{{ruby-yue|殑|ging6}}伽河」呢個名，係唐代[[玄奘]]法師譯嘅。 恆河流到去孟加拉叫做 {{transl|bn|Padma}}，意思係蓮花，中文又譯做博多河。 == 流向 == 恆河喺印度北部發源之後大致向東南方向走，經過孟加拉，最後流入印度洋。 === 源頭 === [[File:Bhagirathi River at Gangotri.JPG|thumb|帕吉勒提河]] 恆河嘅發源地有兩個講法，兩個都喺[[喜馬拉雅山]]西邊、印度北部嘅北阿坎德邦嗰度。帕吉勒提河（{{lang|en|Bhagirathi River}}）係印度教神話入面嘅恆河發源地，佢啲水嚟自根戈德里冰川（{{lang|en|Gangotri Glacier}}）嘅融冰。<ref name="Natgeo"/>而長啲嘅阿勒格嫩達河（{{lang|en|Alaknanda River}}）就係[[水文學]]上恆河嘅源頭，佢嘅水嚟自喜馬拉雅山嘅融雪。恆河嘅幹流就係喺呢兩條河嘅合流點嗰度開始。<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia |author1-last=Lodrick |author1-first=Deryck O. |display-authors=etal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ganges-River |title=Ganges River |work=Britannica |access-date=May 14, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> 除咗呢兩條河，恆河仲有四條主要源流。一共六條河，連同佢哋嘅合流點，都係印度教入面神聖嘅。 === 支流同分流 === 恆河之後由喜馬拉雅山嘅山谷流入開闊嘅恆河平原，大致由西南走向轉做東南。恆河第二大流量嘅支流[[亞穆納河]]就係喺呢度同恆河匯合；兩條河合流之後有成58.5%嘅水都係由亞穆納河貢獻嘅。<ref> {{cite book |author-last=Singh |author-first=Indra B. |chapter=The Ganga River |title=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management |editor=Avijit Gupta |page=347-371 |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2008 |ISBN=978-0-470-84987-3 |language=en}} </ref> 跟住恆河再轉彎向住東面流。恆河喺幾條細啲嘅河加入咗之後，就同加格拉河（Ghaghara River）相遇。加格拉河同樣由喜馬拉雅山開始；佢經[[西藏]]同[[尼泊爾]]，最後同恆河接合，係恆河最大流量嘅支流。 之後恆河又轉返向東南面流。喺流入孟加拉境内之前，恆河就出現咗第一條分流，叫胡格利河（Hooghly River）。 === 孟加拉段 === 恆河喺孟加拉嗰段叫做Padma。佢先同布拉馬普特拉河嘅分流匯合，之後再同梅克納河（{{lang|en|Meghna River}}）合流，最後流入印度洋嘅孟加拉灣。 恆河水入面嘅沉積物喺出海口形成恆河三角洲。佢有成64,000 km²咁大， 係世界上最大嘅[[三角洲]]。<ref> {{cite book |author-last=Parua |author-first=Pranab K. |title=The Ganga: Water Use in the Indian Subcontinent |location=Berlin |publisher=Springer |year=2009 |ISBN=978-9048131020 |language=en}}</ref> === 地圖 === {{亞洲主要地理}} == 歷史 == 恆河流經嘅恆河平原係[[中央平原]]嘅一部分，呢度俾人話係好幾個文明嘅搖籃。由公元前三世紀嘅[[孔雀王朝]]，一路到十六世紀嘅[[蒙兀兒汗國]]都係呢度出嚟嘅。<ref name="Britannica"/> === 印孟水利糾紛 === 去到1951年，印度諗住起條[[河壩]]，將一啲河水引流去胡格利河嗰邊。座壩就起喺印度同[[東巴基斯坦]]（今日嘅孟加拉）邊境附近，喺旱年會搞到去東巴嘅水得返五分之一左右。東巴於是提出反對，然後爭拗就開始咗。要去到1996年，孟加拉已經獨立咗廿五年，印孟兩邊先至和解。佢哋簽咗分三十年協議，確保孟加拉唔會冇水。<ref> {{cite book |author1-last=Salman |author1-first=Salman M. A. |author2=Kishor Uprety |title=Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictcooperat0000salm |location=London, The Hague, New York |publisher=Kluwer Law International |year=2002 |ISBN=978-0821353523 |language=en}} </ref> == 宗教同文化 == {{see also|印度教}} === 恆河聖水 === 恆河係印度教嘅聖河，啲水啱搞宗教儀式。佢亦係其他聖河嘅體現，例如[[哥達瓦里河]]又叫做南面恆河。<ref name="Eck 1982"> {{cite book |author-last=Eck |author-first=Diana L. |title=Banaras, City of Light |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1982 |ISBN=978-0231114479 |language=en}} </ref> ==== 作用 ==== 喺印度教文化入面，流水可以吸走雜質，而恆河就將啲嘢沖得最乾淨。流水除咗洗走灰塵之外，仲有心靈入面嘅污糟嘢。所以就算科學角度上面恆河水質有幾差都好，恆河水都係喺宗教儀式同象徵意義上純潔嘅。浸喺恆河入面可以洗走一個人成世嘅罪過，所以好多信印度教嘅人都會去浸下，尤其係去水流特別快嘅上游。<ref name="Eck 1982"/> ==== 大壺節 ==== [[File:Kumbh Mela2001.JPG|thumb| 2001年大壺節嘅情景]] 大壺節係印度教信徒去恆河聚集[[朝聖]]嘅節日，每十二年一次。而每六年會有一次中型集會，每三年就一次小聚。大壺節嘅主要活動係喺恆河邊浸浴嘅儀式，另外仲有宗教辯論、唱詩歌等等。大壺節係印度教嘅朝聖之旅入面最神聖嗰個，所以好多[[苦行僧]]都會參加，每次集會都吸引到幾百萬信徒。<ref>{{cite news |author-last=Maharaj |author-first=Sat |url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.433311.17ab190b04 |title=Kumbh Mela, Most Sacred of Hindu Pilgrimages |work=Trinidad and Tobago Guardian |language=en |date=October 24, 2012 }}</ref> === 恆河女神 === 喺印度教入面，恆河仲係一位好重要嘅女神，叫做甘加（{{transl|sa|Ganga}}）。好多印度教信徒都會拜佢。 ==== 作為呀媽 ==== 恆河喺印度教入面又稱之為甘加媽媽（{{transl|sa|Ganga Mata}}）。一來佢會包容、寬恕嗮所有嘢，好似母愛噉；而且同其他女神唔同，佢完全冇毀滅性嗰面。<ref name="Eck 1982"/>二來甘加真係好幾個神嘅呀媽，包括毗濕摩（Bhishma）同其他幾位婆藪（Vasu）。<ref name="Eck 1998"> {{cite book |author-last=Eck |author-first=Diana |chapter=Gangā: The Goddess Ganges in Hindu Sacred Geography |title=Devī: Goddesses of India |editor1=John S. Hawley |editor2=Donna M. Wulff |page=137-153 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |ISBN=8120814916 |language=en}} </ref> ==== 作為配偶 ==== 印度教三個最重要嘅神合稱叫[[三相神]]，而甘加係全部三位嘅配偶。喺關於創造神[[梵天]]嘅故仔入面，甘加通常以水嘅形式出現，跟住梵天周圍去。<ref name="Eck 1982"/> 就住守護神[[毗濕奴]]嚟講，有神話話到甘加係毗濕奴三個老婆之一。<ref name="Eck 1982"/>恆河嘅出現係因為佢同另一位爭寵嗰陣互相咒對方變做一條河、要幫佢哋嘅信徒洗清罪過。毗濕奴知道之後就決定將佢哋分開，要甘加做梵天老婆，另一位做毀滅神[[濕婆]]老婆，而淨返嗰位和事嘅就繼續做佢老婆。點知嗰兩位係噉嘈，搞到毗濕奴要收回成命，最後佢哋以河嘅形式繼續陪住毗濕奴。<ref name="Eck 1998"/> 至於甘加同毀滅神濕婆嘅關係係最親密嘅。有段故話甘加一次又一次噉由天上跌落凡間，跌入濕婆嘅頭髮裏面，於是就不斷俾濕婆馴服。<ref name="Eck 1998"/> == 生態 == === 魚 === 恆河流域入面大概有350款魚，其中有幾款係恆河獨有嘅。淨係計品種，有一半都屬於[[鯉形目]]、兩成半係各種鯰魚。<ref> {{cite book |author1-last=Allen |author1-first=David J. |author2=等 |title=The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya |location=Gland, Switzerland |publisher=IUCN |year=2010 |ISBN=978-2-8317-1324-3 |language=en}}</ref>受威脅嘅有30種，原因包括過度同非法捉魚、污染等等。<ref>{{cite paper |author1-last=Sarkar |author1-first=Uttam K. |author2-first=Ajey K. |author2-last=Pathak |author3-first=Ravindra K. |author3-last=Sinha |display-authors=etal |title=Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in the River Ganga (India): Changing Pattern, Threats and Conservation Perspectives |journal=Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries |volume=22 |date=2012 |page=251–272 |doi=10.1007/s11160-011-9218-6 |language=en}}</ref> === 恆河豚 === [[File:GangeticDolphin.jpg|thumb|恆河豚]] 恆河其中一款最出名嘅動物係[[南亞河豚|恆河豚]]（學名：{{lang|la|Platanista gangetica gangetica}}）。佢係世界上五款淡水海豚之一，仲係印度嘅國家代表水生動物。<ref>{{cite web |author-last=Prideaux |author-first=Margi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902103154/http://wildpolitics.net/2010/01/19/ganges-river-dolphin-declared-indias-national-aquatic-animal/ |url=http://wildpolitics.net/2010/01/19/ganges-river-dolphin-declared-indias-national-aquatic-animal/ |title=Ganges River Dolphin Declared India’s National Aquatic Animal |date=January 19, 2010 |archive-date=September 2, 2011 |language=en}}</ref>以前喺恆河同布拉馬普特拉河都有好多恆河豚，但今時今日因為污染等嘅問題，[[世界自然基金會]]話2012年已經淨低三千隻。 == 經濟 == === 農業同漁業 === 恆河水入面嘅沉積物有好多養分，所以佢流域嘅泥土都夠嗮肥沃，好啱種嘢。<ref name="Natgeo"/>加埋佢嘅河水常年俾農夫攞嚟淋水，所以恆河對農業為主嘅印度同孟加拉經濟特別重要。種喺恆河附近嘅農作物包括[[稻米|米]]、[[蔗]]、[[薯仔]]、[[辣椒]]等等。另外，有唔少漁夫會喺恆河捉魚，所以嗰度漁業都幾旺盛。 === 旅遊業 === 當地另一個主要產業係宗教旅遊。印度教有幾個聖地都喺正恆河隔籬，吸引好多信徒去朝聖。恆河嘅急流亦都出名可以撐艇，每年夏天都會有人去嗰度玩。除此之外，有幾座城都喺恆河邊起咗步道，吸引遊客去睇風景，包括印度比哈爾邦首府[[巴特那]]。<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ganga-pathway-to-be-complete-in-three-years/articleshow/34068161.cms |title=Ganga Pathway to be Complete in Three Years |work=The Times of India |language=en |date=April 22, 2014}}</ref> == 污染同健康問題 == 恆河嘅污染問題非常嚴重。淨係喺[[維華拿斯]]，每日就有差唔多二億公升未經處理嘅污水排落恆河入面。呢個情況導致河水入面有好多糞生[[大腸桿菌]]（{{lang|en|fecal coliform}}），超出咗當地政府畀沖涼水嘅安全指引120倍。<ref name="Abraham">{{cite paper |author-last=Abraham |author-first=Wolf-Rainer |title=Megacities as Sources for Pathogenic Bacteria in Rivers and Their Fate Downstream |journal=International Journal of Microbiology |date=2011 |page=1-13 |doi=10.1155/2011/798292 |language=en}}</ref> 而維華拿斯作為印度教其中一座聖城，不時都會有大批信徒去嗰度浸浴，搞到有嚴重嘅健康風險。 有研究估計，每年用恆河水浸浴、洗碗碟、或者刷牙嘅人入面，有三分之二都會病。呢啲病包括[[霍亂]]、[[痢疾]]、[[甲型肝炎]]、同[[傷寒]]。<ref name="Abraham" /> === 恆河行動計劃 === 喺1985年，印度政府提出咗恆河行動計劃（{{lang|en|Ganga Action Plan}}），打算用截留、分流、同處理污水嘅方法改善恆河水質。有人話個計劃係「世界上清理一條河嘅最大嘗試」，<ref name="Singh&Singh">{{cite paper |author1-last=Singh |author1-first=Munendra |author2-first=Amit K. |author2-last=Singh |title=Bibliography of Environmental Studies in Natural Characteristics and Anthropogenic Influences on the Ganga River |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |volume=129 |number=1–3 |date=2007 |page=421–32 |doi=10.1007/s10661-006-9374-7 |PMID=17072555 |language=en}}</ref>十五年合共使咗二億幾美金，但卒之都係失敗告終。個計劃唔單只延期、超支，仲要執行得好差，冇乜成效。有學者話原因係做環境規劃嗰陣冇清楚理解到人同環境嘅互動，<ref name="Singh&Singh"/>亦有學者話係貪污問題。<ref> {{cite book |author-last=Sheth |author-first=Jagdish N. |title=Chindia Rising: How China and India will Benefit Your Business |url=https://archive.org/details/chindiarisinghow0000shet |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2008 |ISBN=978-0070657083 |language=en}} </ref> === 其他解決方法 === 喺2008年，恆河正式成為印度「國河」。政府趁機成立咗國家恆河流域管理局（{{lang|en|National Ganga River Basin Authority}}）去計劃同實施保護恆河嘅措施。<ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108084537/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081105/jsp/nation/story%2010065466.jsp |title=Ganga Gets a Tag: National River – Vote Whiff in Step to Give Special Status |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |date=5 November 2008 |language=en |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081105/jsp/nation/story%2010065466.jsp |archive-date=2008年11月8號}}</ref> 喺2017年，北阿坎德邦高院將恆河宣佈做法人，畀咗啲權利佢。<ref> {{cite news |author1-last=Trivedi |author1-first=Anupam |author2-first=Kamal |author2-last=Jagati |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/uttarakhand-hc-says-ganga-is-india-s-first-living-entity-grants-it-rights-equal-to-humans/story-VoI6DOG71fyMDihg5BuGCL.html |title=Uttarakhand HC Declares Ganga, Yamuna Living Entities, Gives Them Legal Rights |work=Hindustan Times |date=March 22, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> 但係唔少人都話好難執行，唔會有用。<ref>{{cite news |author-last=Goswami |author-first=Urmi A. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/will-granting-legal-rights-to-rivers-like-the-ganga-change-on-ground-situation/articleshow/57818653.cms |title=Will Granting Legal Rights to Rivers Like the Ganga, Change the On-ground Situation? |work=Economic Times |language=en |date=March 25, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2023 |url-access=limited }}</ref> == 攷 == {{reflist|30em}} [[Category:印度嘅河‎]] [[Category:孟加拉嘅河]] k71elciye68ul1mbyz6tkc8pbtq96cc 0 55950 2416244 2416183 2026-06-04T13:19:36Z Karrie look 74543 /* 發現 */ 2416244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種[[酵素]]叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 研究人員喺2008年發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 == 註 == {{Reflist}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> [[Category:維他命]] r158m0yfd4phqsq72th0196alxdsf06 2416245 2416244 2026-06-04T13:30:26Z Karrie look 74543 /* 發現 */ 2416245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種[[酵素]]叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 研究人員喺2008年發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 == 註 == {{Reflist}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> [[Category:維他命]] 9p3czkcrw9s96atz53y61g5zfovwaao 2416248 2416245 2026-06-04T13:43:15Z Karrie look 74543 /* 發現 */ 2416248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}嘅[[酵素]]，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 研究人員喺2008年發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 == 註 == {{Reflist}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> [[Category:維他命]] q4sl8ee5lhise491bd81feae39kcikv 2416249 2416248 2026-06-04T13:45:26Z Karrie look 74543 /* 發現 */ 2416249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}嘅[[酵素]]，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 2008年，研究人員發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 == 註 == {{Reflist}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> [[Category:維他命]] 002es1qto8id56w1h6xchut5qikxasq 2416484 2416249 2026-06-05T09:07:28Z Karrie look 74543 /* 發現 */ 2416484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}嘅[[酵素]]，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 2008年，研究人員發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 高劑量療法嘅歷史 === {{Further|{{Internal link helper/en|高劑量維他命C|Vitamin C megadosage}}|{{Internal link helper/en|靜脈注射抗壞血酸|Intravenous ascorbic acid}}}} 高劑量維他命C係指攝取或者注射維他命C嘅劑量，相當或者高過晒能夠自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物肝臟所產生嘅量。呢個論點雖然唔係實際嘅用語，不過[[鮑林]]喺1970年嘅１篇文章入面闡述咗支持呢個觀點嘅論點。簡單嚟講，佢嘅觀點係，為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類應該每日攝取至少2,300mg嘅維他命C嚟彌補自身冇辦法合成維他命C嘅不足。呢個建議亦都同１種同人類親緣關係近啲但都係自身冇辦法合成維他命C嘅大猩猩嘅攝取量範圍相符<ref name=pmid5275366>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pauling L | title = Evolution and the need for ascorbic acid | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 67 | issue = 4 | pages = 1643–8 | date = December 1970 | pmid = 5275366 | pmc = 283405 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.67.4.1643 | bibcode = 1970PNAS...67.1643P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。第２個支持高攝入量嘅論點係，血清抗壞血酸濃度會跟住攝取量嘅增加而升高，直到當攝取量超過1,250mg之後，濃度就會穩定喺大約190-200個μmol/L嘅水平<ref name=Mandl2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mandl J, Szarka A, Bánhegyi G | title = Vitamin C: update on physiology and pharmacology | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 157 | issue = 7 | pages = 1097–110 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19508394 | pmc = 2743829 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00282.x }}</ref>。正如上面所指出嘅噉，政府建議嘅劑量範圍喺每日40-110mg，而正常血漿嘅濃度大約喺每升50個μmol，所以「正常」濃度大約係口服劑量喺建議嘅高劑量範圍裡面可以達到嘅25%。 鮑林喺1970年普及咗高劑量維他命C用嚟預防同埋去醫普通傷風嘅概念，佢喺幾年之後提出維他命C可以用嚟預防心血管疾病，而最初每日10g噉靜脈注射維他命C，之後口服，可以醫得好末期癌症<ref name="pmid1068480">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cameron E, Pauling L | title = Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 73 | issue = 10 | pages = 3685–9 | date = October 1976 | pmid = 1068480 | pmc = 431183 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3685| bibcode = 1976PNAS...73.3685C | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。高劑量噉去服用抗壞血酸都有其他支持者，包括化學家歐文‧史東<ref name=IrwinStone/>同埋好有爭議性嘅{{Internal link helper/en|馬蒂亞斯‧拉夫|Matthias Rath}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|帕德里克‧霍福德|Patrick Holford}}，佢哋兩個曾經都被指控喺為咗去醫癌症同[[HIV]]感染而提出冇證實過嘅治療療法<ref name="Boseley-2008">{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/matthiasrath.aids2 |title=Fall of the vitamin doctor: Matthias Rath drops libel action | vauthors = Boseley S |date=September 12, 2008 |website=The Guardian |access-date=January 5, 2024 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201225117/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/matthiasrath.aids2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Colquhoun-2007">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/aug/15/endarkenment |title=The age of endarkenment &#124; Science &#124; guardian.co.uk |newspaper=Guardian |date=August 15, 2007 |access-date=January 5, 2024 | vauthors = Colquhoun D |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306023533/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/aug/15/endarkenment |url-status=live }}</ref>。就算喺鮑林嘅開創性論文發表咗之後大約卌年之後，大劑量嘅抗壞血酸靜脈注射可以改善末期癌症嘅結果又或者改善化療嘅毒性—呢個諗法仍然被認為係未經證實，仍然需要去做高質素嘅研究嚟驗證<ref name="Barret-2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pauling.html |title=The dark side of Linus Pauling's legacy| vauthors = Barret S |date=September 14, 2014|website=www.quackwatch.org|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180904155649/https://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pauling.html |archive-date=September 4, 2018|access-date=December 18, 2018}}{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref name=Wil2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson MK, Baguley BC, Wall C, Jameson MB, Findlay MP | title = Review of high-dose intravenous vitamin C as an anticancer agent | journal = Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 22–37 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24571058 | doi = 10.1111/ajco.12173 | s2cid = 206983069 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Jacobs2015 />。 == 註 == {{Reflist}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> [[Category:維他命]] iswjoz10imk2c6trv62al7pl2t7dzb6 2416508 2416484 2026-06-05T10:59:10Z Karrie look 74543 /* 註 */ 2416508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{expand}} [[file:Ascorbic-acid-from-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png|thumb|維他命C嘅3D化學結構]] [[File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg|thumb|維他命C結構]] {{Infobox drug | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 477315393 | drug_name = Ascorbic acid | INN = | type = | image = | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = Natta projection of structural formula for L-ascorbic acid | width = | caption = | image2 = | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of L-ascorbic acid | width2 = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|k}}, {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|k|ɔːr|b|eɪ|t|,_|-|b|ɪ|t}} | tradename = Ascor, Cecon, Cevalin, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com |monograph |ascorbic-acid}} | MedlinePlus = a682583 | DailyMedID = Ascorbic acid | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]], [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]], [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] | class = | ATC_prefix = A11 | ATC_suffix = GA01 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A11|GB01}} {{ATC|G01|AD03}} {{ATC|S01|XA15}} <!-- Legal status -->| legal_AU = Unscheduled | legal_AU_comment = | legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> | legal_BR_comment = | legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> | legal_CA_comment = | legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> | legal_DE_comment = | legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> | legal_NZ_comment = | legal_UK = POM | legal_UK_comment = /&nbsp;GSL<ref name="(emc)-2015">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid injection 500mg/5ml |website=(emc) |date=15 July 2015 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011840/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1520/smpc |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="(emc)-2018">{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid 100mg tablets |website=(emc) |date=29 October 2018 |url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921155221/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9615/smpc }}</ref> | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;OTC/&nbsp;Dietary Supplement<ref name="DailyMed-2020">{{cite web |title=Ascor- ascorbic acid injection |website=DailyMed |date=October 2, 2020 |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |access-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029093116/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=388aad52-fc01-4784-9791-1dbc80c69306 |url-status=live }}</ref> | legal_EU = | legal_EU_comment = | legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> | legal_UN_comment = | legal_status = <!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> | bioavailability = Rapid, diminishes as dose increases<ref name=NIH2021 /> | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = Varies according to plasma concentration <!-- can be 30 min to weeks, depending on body stores --> | duration_of_action = | excretion = [[Kidney]] <!-- Identifiers -->| index2_label = as salt | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number = 50-81-7 | CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite |correct |??}} | CAS_number2 = 134-03-2 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 54670067 | PubChem2 = 23667548 | IUPHAR_ligand = 4781 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00126 | DrugBank2_Ref = {{drugbankcite |correct |drugbank}} | DrugBank2 = DB14482 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10189562 | ChemSpiderID2_Ref = {{chemspidercite |correct |chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID2 = 16736174 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII = PQ6CK8PD0R | UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite |correct |FDA}} | UNII2 = S033EH8359 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG = D00018 | KEGG2_Ref = {{keggcite |correct |kegg}} | KEGG2 = D05853 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI = 29073 | ChEBI2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEBI2 = 113451 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL = 196 | ChEMBL2_Ref = {{ebicite |correct |EBI}} | ChEMBL2 = 591665 | NIAID_ChemDB = 002072 | PDB_ligand = ASC | synonyms = {{sm|l}}-ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbate <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| IUPAC_name = {{sm|l}}-''threo''-Hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone<br />''or''<br />(''R'')-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((''S'')- 1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2(5''H'')-one | C = 6 | H = 8 | O = 6 | SMILES = OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5+/m0/s1 | StdInChI_comment = | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite |correct |chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N | density = 1.694 | density_notes = | melting_point = 190 | melting_high = 192 | melting_notes = | boiling_point = 552.7 | boiling_notes = <ref name="Chem-Spider-2020-Vitamin-C">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |access-date=July 25, 2020 |website=Chem Spider |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724030511/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10189562.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | solubility = | sol_units = | specific_rotation = }} {{Short description|水溶性維他命，對細胞保護、皮膚健康同傷口癒合好重要}} '''維他命C'''（{{lang-en|'''Vitamin C'''}}）係１種存在喺[[柑桔屬|柑橘類]]生果、漿果同蔬菜裏面嘅水溶性[[維他命]]。維他命C係人體[[養分|必須嘅營養素]]，呢樣嘢用對人體十分重要嘅{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學作用|Chemistry of ascorbic acid|'''抗壞血酸'''}}|Ascorbic acid}}形式嚟存在，對參與[[生物組織|組織]]嘅修復、[[膠原蛋白]]嘅形成，仲有某啲[[神經傳遞素|神經遞質]]嘅[[酵素]]合成都好重要。呢樣嘢對[[免疫系統]]嘅功能亦都好重要。呢樣嘢亦都[[抗氧化劑]]嘅作用。大部分動物可以自己合成維他命C。不過，包括人類呢啲[[類人猿下目|高等靈長類動物]]、大部分[[蝙蝠]]、[[豚鼠]]、某啲[[魚類]]同某啲[[雀]]因為佢哋嘅基因喺合成維他命C嘅酶裏面發生咗突變而搞到冇咗嗰個功能，所以佢哋一定要喺食物裏面攞到維他命C<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC | title = Vitamin C | journal = Advances in Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | article-number = 100155 | date = January 2024 | pmid = 37992968 | pmc = 10716693 | doi = 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155 }}</ref>。 維他命C可以用嚟預防同治療１種由唔夠維他命C而引起嘅[[壞血病]]。呢樣嘢亦都係１種{{Internal link helper/en|通用名藥物|Generic drug|通用處方藥}}，喺有啲國家用嚟做非處方嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]噉去賣。維他命C可以口服，亦都可以透過肌肉注射、皮下注射或者靜脈注射嚟畀藥。基於唔同嘅{{Internal link helper/en|健康講法|Health claim}}話，維他命C嘅中度缺乏存在住會增加罹患各種疾病風險嘅假設，例如係[[傷風|普通感冒]]、[[癌|癌症]]、或者係[[武漢肺炎|新冠肺炎]]<ref name=DRItext>{{cite book |chapter=Vitamin C |publisher=The National Academies Press |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC |pages=95–185 |doi=10.17226/9810 |pmid=25077263 |chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |access-date=September 1, 2017 |isbn=978-0-309-06935-9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902180153/https://www.nap.edu/read/9810/chapter/7 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants Related Compounds |title=Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids}}</ref>{{rp|page=xi}}。仲有啲講法話，對於唔被睇成係缺乏維他命C嘅人嚟講，補充超過{{Internal link helper/en|參考膳食攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}嘅維他命C都有益處。維他命C嘅耐受性一般都好好，大劑量可能會搞到{{Internal link helper/en|腸胃病|Gastrointestinal disease}}、頭痛、瞓唔著同埋{{Internal link helper/en|皮膚發紅|Flushing (physiology)}}，{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家醫學醫學院|National Academy of Medicine}}建議唔好大量噉服用<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|155–165}}。 維他命C喺1912年畀人發現，1928年被分離出嚟，仲喺1933年做咗第１個[[化學合成]]嘅維他命。{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}憑住佢嘅發現而攞咗1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎]]。 == 來源 == 雖然其他植物性食物都含維他命C，不過生果同蔬菜係維他命C最豐富嘅天然來源<ref name="NIH2021"/><ref name="lpi2018" />。維他命C亦都係最廣泛服用嘅[[保健品|營養補充劑]]<ref name=lpi2018 />。 === 植物來源 === {{For|關於粟米、稻米同小麥等等10種成日見主要食物裡面嘅維他命C含量|{{Internal link helper/en|主食§營養|Staple food#Nutrition}}}} 下面嘅表係近似值，仲顯示咗唔同植物原料入面嘅相對含量<ref name=NIH2021/><ref name=lpi2018/><ref name="USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library.">{{cite web |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |title=NDL/FNIC food composition database home page |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory, the Food and Nutrition Information Center and Information Systems Division of the National Agricultural Library. |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115162310/http://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 份量係用每100克生果或蔬菜嘅食用部份嘅毫克嚟計： <div style="width: 55%; height:50em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid lightgray; font-size:10pt"> {{col-begin}} {| class="wikitable" |- !植物來源嘅源材料<ref name=USDA-NDL>{{cite web |url=https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf |title=USDA national nutrient database for standard reference legacy: vitamin C |date=2018 |website=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service |access-date=September 27, 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118013136/https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/www.nal.usda.gov/files/vitamin_c.pdf }}</ref> !含量（mg）<br />（每100克） |- | {{Internal link helper/en|費氏欖仁|Terminalia ferdinandiana}}<ref name="Brand-1987">{{cite journal |title=The nutritional composition of Australian aboriginal bushfoods. I |year=1987 |vauthors=Brand JC, Rae C, McDonnell J, Lee A, Cherikoff V, Truswell AS |journal=Food Technology in Australia |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=293–6 }}</ref> || 1,000-5,300 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|卡姆果|Myrciaria dubia}}<ref name="pmid11464674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Justi KC, Visentainer JV, Evelázio de Souza N, Matsushita M | title = Nutritional composition and vitamin C stability in stored camu-camu (''Myrciaria dubia'') pulp | journal = Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion | volume = 50 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–8 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11464674 }}</ref> || 2,800 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|針葉櫻桃|Malpighia emarginata}}<ref name="Vendramini-2000">{{cite journal |title=Chemical composition of acerola fruit (Malpighia punicifolia L.) at three stages of maturity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_food-chemistry_2000-11-01_71_2/page/194 |vauthors=Vendramini AL, Trugo LC |journal=Food Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=195–8 |doi=10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00152-7 }}</ref> || 1,677 |- | [[油柑子]]<ref name="Begum-2008">{{cite book | vauthors = Begum RM |title=A textbook of foods, nutrition & dietetics |date=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-3714-3 |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMNnaw3lN7oC&pg=PP82}}</ref><ref name="Sinha-2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Sinha N, Sidhu J, Barta J, Wu J, Cano MP |title=Handbook of fruits and fruit processing |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-35263-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qwuBXeczzgC&pg=PT1734}}</ref> || 445 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|玫瑰果|Rose hip}} || 426 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|海沙棘|Common sea-buckthorn}}<ref name="pmid19021790">{{cite journal|vauthors=Gutzeit D, Baleanu G, Winterhalter P, Jerz G|date=2008|title=Vitamin C content in sea buckthorn berries (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp . rhamnoides) and related products: A kinetic study on storage stability and the determination of processing effects|journal=J Food Sci|volume=73|issue=9|pages=C615–C20|doi=10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00957.x|pmid=19021790}}</ref> || 400 |- | [[番石榴果]] || 228 |- | [[黑加侖子]] || 200 |- | [[甜椒]]（黃） || 183 |- | [[甜椒]]（紅） || 128 |- | [[羽衣甘藍]] || 120 |- | [[西蘭花]] || 90 |- | [[奇異果]] || 90 |- | [[甜椒]]（綠） ||80 |- | [[椰菜仔]] || 80 |- | [[紅加侖子]]、{{Internal link helper/en|羅甘莓|Loganberry}} || 80 |- | {{Internal link helper/en|雲莓|Rubus chamaemorus}}、{{ruby-yue|[[接骨木]]莓|elderberry}} || 60 |- | [[士多啤梨]] || 60 |- | [[木瓜]] || 60 |- | [[橙]]、[[檸檬]] || 53 |- | [[椰菜花]] || 48 |- | [[菠蘿]] || 48 |- | [[鈔皮瓜]] || 40 |- | [[熱情果]]、[[紅桑莓]] || 30 |- | [[西柚]]、[[青檸]] || 30 |- | [[椰菜]]、[[菠菜]] || 30 |- | [[芒果]] || 28 |- | [[黑啤梨]]、[[木薯]] || 21 |- | [[薯仔]] || 20 |- | [[哈密瓜]] || 20 |- | [[番茄]] || 14 |- | [[金啤梨|蔓越莓]] || 13 |- | [[藍啤梨|藍莓]]、[[提子]] || 10 |- | [[杏桃]]、[[布冧]]、[[西瓜]] || 10 |- | [[牛油果]] || 8.8 |- | [[洋蔥]] || 7.4 |- | [[車厘子]]、[[桃樹|桃]] || 7 |- | [[蘋果]] || 6 |- |[[紅蘿蔔]]、[[露筍]] || 6 |- {{col-end}} </div> === 動物來源 === 動物性食物嘅維他命C含量通常都唔高，就算有都會喺烹煮嘅過程裏面畀高溫破壞到冇晒。例如，每100克嘅生雞肝就含有17.9毫克嘅維他命C，但喺煎炸過之後，維他命C含量會跌到每100克只係得2.7毫克。[[餵人奶|母乳]]裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有5毫克；牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量係每100克就有1.0毫克，不過[[巴斯德消毒法]]嘅高溫會破壞咗牛奶裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="Clark-2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |title= Comparing milk: human, cow, goat & commercial infant formula |access-date=February 28, 2007 |date=8 January 2007 | vauthors = Clark S |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129024619/http://www.saanendoah.com/compare.html |archive-date=January 29, 2007}}</ref>。 === 準備食物 === 維他命C喺某啲條件下會發生化學[[分解反應]]，裏面好多分解可能發生喺食物嘅烹飪過程入面。各種食物裏面嘅維他命C濃度會隨住儲存時間嘅延長而降低，降低嘅程度而且同儲存溫度成正比<ref name="pmid7621082">{{cite journal | vauthors = Roig MG, Rivera ZS, Kennedy JF | title = A model study on rate of degradation of L-ascorbic acid during processing using home-produced juice concentrates | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-food-sciences-and-nutrition_1995-05_46_2/page/n3 | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–15 | date = May 1995 | pmid = 7621082 | doi = 10.3109/09637489509012538 }}</ref>。烹調可以令蔬菜裏面嘅維他命C含量降低大約60%，可能係因為增強咗酵素破壞嘅作用搞成噉<ref name="pmid14801407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Allen MA, Burgess SG | title = The losses of ascorbic acid during the large-scale cooking of green vegetables by different methods | journal = The British Journal of Nutrition | volume = 4 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 95–100 | year = 1950 | pmid = 14801407 | doi = 10.1079/BJN19500024 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。長啲嘅烹調時間都可能會加重咗呢種影響<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |title=Safety (MSDS) data for ascorbic acid |access-date=February 21, 2007 |date=October 9, 2005 |publisher=[[Oxford University]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209221915/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AS/ascorbic_acid.html |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref>。另１個食物裏面維他命C流失嘅原因係{{Internal link helper/en|浸出|Leaching (chemistry)}}，即係維他命C轉移落到去用嚟煮[[嘢食]]啲水裏面，呢啲水最後會畀人倒咗去而唔係食落肚<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。 === 食品強化 === 各國透過強化食物裏面嘅營養成份嚟解決已知嘅營養缺乏問題<ref name=WhyFortify>{{cite web |url=https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |title=Why fortify? |website=Food Fortification Initiative |date=December 2023 |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308151817/https://www.ffinetwork.org/savelives |url-status=live }}</ref>。雖然好多國家都強制或實施自願計劃去強化小麥粉、粟米粉或稻米入面嘅維他命含量<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of nutrients in fortification standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=January 3, 2024|archive-date=April 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123853/https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|url-status=live}}</ref>，不過呢啲計劃裏面都未包括維他命C<ref name=Map/>。好似喺1997年嘅《{{ruby-yue|食物援助商品入面嘅維他命C強化|Vitamin C Fortification of Food Aid Commodities}}》所講嘅噉，美國向國際糧食救濟計劃提供配額，呢啲計劃後嚟喺《{{Internal link helper/en|糧食換和平法案|Food for Peace}}》嘅支持，同埋{{ruby-yue|人道主義援助局|the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance}}嘅指導下開展<ref name="USAID-2023">{{cite web|title=USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance website|date=November 21, 2023 |url=https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813170934/https://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/organization/bureaus/bureau-humanitarian-assistance|archive-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>。維他命C後嚟喺每100克粟米大豆混合物同小麥大豆混合物嘅產品裏面加入40毫克（仲有礦物質同其他維他命）。呢啲高強化混合食物嘅補充配額提供畀難民營裏面嘅難民同流離失所嘅人，仲有主要針對媽咪同細路嘅發展援助計劃嘅受益者<ref name=VitCFort1997>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |title=Vitamin C fortification of food aid commodities: final report |chapter=Introduction |date=1997 |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |access-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044202/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。嗰份報告補充話：「維他命C（L-抗壞血酸）嘅穩定性係令人關注嘅，因為呢個係食物裏面其中一種最唔穩定嘅維他命。呢樣嘢喺加工同儲存過程入面嘅損失主要係由氧化引起，而由光照、氧氣、高溫、pH值升高、高水分含量（水活性），同埋銅鹽或亞鐵鹽嘅存在都會加速氧化。為咗減少氧化，維他命C用喺商品強化就會用2.5%嘅乙基纖維素做塗層。食物加工同調製過程中亦會發生氧化損失，而如果額外嘅維他命C溶解成煮食液體然後被丟棄，就可能會流失額外嘅維他命C<ref name=VitCFort1997/>。」 === 補充劑 === [[File:Vitamin C supplements 1.jpg|thumb|維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C嘅營養補充劑有片劑、膠囊、飲品混合包裝、複合維他命／礦物質配方、抗氧化劑配方，沖劑同埋結晶粉末等幾種形式<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web |title=Ascorbic acid (Monograph) |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=December 8, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230161611/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ascorbic-acid.html |archive-date=December 30, 2016 }}</ref>。有啲果汁同果汁飲品裏面都加咗維他命C。片劑同膠囊嘅含量範圍喺每份25毫克去到1,500毫克。最成日用嘅補充劑成分係{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}、{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉|sodium ascorbate}}，同埋{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈣|calcium ascorbate}}<ref name=AHFS2016 />。維他命C分子亦都可以同棕櫚酸脂肪酸結合而形成{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}，又或者被包住喺脂質體裏面<ref name="pmid27375360">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davis JL, Paris HL, Beals JW, Binns SE, Giordano GR, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Blair E, Bell C | title = Liposomal-encapsulated ascorbic acid: influence on vitamin C bioavailability and capacity to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury | journal = Nutrition and Metabolic Insights | volume = 9 | pages = 25–30 | year = 2016 | article-number = NMI.S39764 | pmid = 27375360 | pmc = 4915787 | doi = 10.4137/NMI.S39764 }}</ref>。 == 飲食 == === 建議攝取量 === 唔同國家嘅機構都已經制定咗成年人對維他命C嘅建議攝入量： * [[世界衞生組織]]<ref name="isbn92-4-154612-3">{{cite book | title = Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition | edition = 2nd | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-92-4-154612-6 | chapter = Chapter 7: Vitamin C | hdl = 10665/42716 }}</ref>：每日40mg／每個禮拜300mg； * [[印度]]{{Internal link helper/en|海德拉巴國家營養研究所|National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad}}<ref name="NIN">{{cite web |url=http://ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf |title=Dietary guidelines for Indians |publisher=National Institute of Nutrition, India |date=2011 |page=90 |access-date=February 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222101538/http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf }}</ref>：每日40mg； * [[歐洲委員會]]{{ruby-yue|營養標籤理事會|Council on nutrition labeling}}<ref name="EU RDA">{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |title=Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions |publisher=The Commission of the European Communities |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002233059/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0100 |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |date=October 29, 2008 }}</ref>：每日80mg； * 2007年{{Internal link helper/en|加拿大衛生部|Health Canada}}<ref name="urlNatural Health Product Monograph - Vitamin C [Health Canada, 2007]">{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |work=Natural Health Product Monograph |title=Vitamin C |publisher=Health Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150228/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono_vitamin_c-eng.php |archive-date=April 3, 2013 }}</ref>：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|美國國家科學院|National Academy of Sciences}}<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}：（男性）每日90mg；（女性）每日75mg； * 日本國立健康營養研究所<ref name="JapanDRI2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |title=Overview of dietary reference intakes for Japanese |website=Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan) |date=2015 |page=29 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021004240/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>：每日100mg； * {{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}<ref name=EFSA-Recommended>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin C |date=November 2013 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=11 |issue=11 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3418 |doi-access=free }}</ref>：（男性）每日110mg；（女性）每日95mg； 2000年，《北美{{Internal link helper/en|膳食參考攝取量|Dietary Reference Intake}}》入面更新咗關話維他命C嘅章節，畀出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝入量|Reference Daily Intake}}（RDA），成年男性係每日90mg，而成人女性係每日75mg，而成年人每日{{Internal link helper/en|可耐受最高攝入量|Dietary_Reference_Intake#Parameters}}（UL）係每日2,000mg<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}。下面個表列咗美國同加拿大細路、大肚婆同哺乳期婦女嘅RDA出嚟<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|134–152}}，仲有成年人嘅UL值。 {|class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|美國維生素C建議攝取量（毫克／日）<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=134–152}} |- | 1-3歲細路嘅RDA |15 |- | 4–8 歲細路嘅RDA |25 |- | 9–13歲細路嘅RDA |45 |- | 14–18歲女仔嘅RDA |65 |- | 14–18歲男仔嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年女性嘅RDA |75 |- | 成年男性嘅RDA |90 |- | 懷孕期女性嘅RDA |85 |- | 哺乳期女性嘅RDA |120 |- | 成年女性嘅UL |2,000 |- | 成年男性嘅UL |2,000 |} 對於歐盟嚟講，{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）幫成年人同細路設定咗高啲嘅建議攝取量：1-3歲細路每日20mg；4-6歲細路每日30mg；7-10歲細路每日45mg；11-14 歲青少年每日70mg，15-17歲男性每日100mg，15-17歲女性每日90mg；孕婦每日100mg；哺乳期婦女每日155mg<ref name=EFSA-Recommended />。 吸煙者同接觸二手煙嘅人，佢哋嘅血清維他命C水平低過非吸煙者<ref name=Schleicher2009/>。推論係吸入煙霧會搞到有氧化損傷，跟住消耗晒呢種抗氧化維他命<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。美國醫學研究所估計，吸煙者每日需要比非吸煙者攝取多35mg嘅維他命C，但仲未正式制訂吸煙者更高嘅RDA<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=152–153}}。 美國國家健康統計中心每兩年做１次嘅{{ruby-yue|全國健康與營養調查|NHANES}}去評估美國成年人同細路嘅健康同營養狀況，部分嘅調查結果就喺《{{ruby-yue|我哋喺美國食嘅嘢|What We Eat In America}}》入面發表。2013-2014年嘅調查報告指出，對於廿歲以上嘅成年人嚟講，男性平均每日攝入量係83.3mg，而女性每日攝入量係75.1mg。噉即係話，呢個意味住有一半嘅女性同超過一半嘅男性都未達到維他命C嘅RDA<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration-2">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 1: Nutrient intakes from food and beverages | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170224042515/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_1_NIN_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>。同１項調查亦都指出，大約30%嘅成年人話佢哋食維他命素C營養補充劑或含有維他命C嘅多種維他命／礦物質補充劑，而呢啲人嘅總消耗量係每日300-400mg之間<ref name="National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration">{{cite web | url = https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | title = TABLE 37: Nutrient intakes from dietary supplements | work = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: What We Eat in America, DHHS-USDA Dietary Survey Integration | publisher = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162231/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/1314/Table_37_SUP_GEN_13.pdf | archive-date=October 6, 2017 }}</ref>。 ==== 可耐受最高攝入量 ==== 2000年，美國國家科學院醫學研究所將成年人維他命C嘅UL設定喺每日2000mg。揀呢個劑量嘅原因係因為人體試驗報告過話每日攝入量超過3,000mg就會出現肚屙同埋其他腸胃道唔舒服。呢個係最低觀察到嘅不良反應水平（LOAEL），即係話喺攝入量更高嘅情況下都會觀察到其他不良反應。對於年紀越嚟越細嘅小朋友嚟講，UL值會隨著年齡嘅增加而逐漸噉降低<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|155–165}}。EFSA喺2006年亦都指出咗喺嗰個劑量水平下可能會出現嘅不良反應，不過最終得出嘅結論係，認為冇足夠嘅證據去設定維他命C嘅UL<ref name="European Food Safety Authority-2006">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals|url=http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316225123/http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/efsa_rep/blobserver_assets/ndatolerableuil.pdf|archive-date=March 16, 2016|publisher=European Food Safety Authority}}</ref>，就好似日本國立健康營養研究所喺2010年所做嘅嘢噉樣<ref name="JapanDRI2015" />。 === 食物標籤 === 對於美國食品同膳食補充劑嘅標籤目的，１份嘅份量係用每日價值嘅百分比（%DV）嚟表示。對於維他命C標籤嘅目的，每日價值嘅100%係60mg，但係由2016年5月27號起被修訂做90mg，令佢同RDA保持一致<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 food labeling: Revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels. FR page 33982. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808164651/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |archive-date=August 8, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)-2020">{{cite web | title=Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | website=Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) | url=https://www.dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp | access-date=May 16, 2020 | archive-date=April 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp }}</ref>。新舊成人每日攝取量對照表請參閱「{{Internal link helper/en|參考每日攝取量|Reference Daily Intake}}」嗰頁。 歐盟法規要求食物標籤上註明嘅能量、蛋白質、脂肪、飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖同埋鹽嘅含量。如果某啲營養素含量顯著嘅話都可以自願噉標示出嚟。食物標籤上面嘅營養素含量唔採用每日參考值（DV）嘅話，就係用參考攝取量（RI）嘅百分比嚟表示。例如，2011年嘅100%維他命C嘅參考攝取量設定做80mg<ref name="REGULATION-EU-2009">[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF |date=July 26, 2017 }} Official Journal of the European Union. page 304/61. (2009).</ref>。 === 食物保存添加劑 === 抗壞血酸同呢樣嘢嗰啲[[鹽 (化學)|鹽]]同[[酯]]係食物入面常見嘅[[食物添加劑|添加劑]]，例如係[[罐裝食物|罐頭生果]]，主要係為咗減慢[[氧化還原反應|氧化]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|酶促褐變|Food browning}}<ref name="Washburn-2017">{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|title=Pretreatments to prevent darkening of fruits prior to canning or dehydrating|vauthors=Washburn C, Jensen C|date=2017|publisher=Utah State University|access-date=January 26, 2020|archive-date=December 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135857/https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2781&context=extension_curall|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="pmid35052657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L |title=Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology |journal=Antioxidants |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=January 2022 |page=153 |pmid=35052657 |pmc=8773188 |doi=10.3390/antiox11010153|doi-access=free }}</ref>。呢樣嘢可能用嚟做整麪[[包]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|麵團改良劑|Dough conditioner}}<ref name="fobvc">{{cite news |title=Ingredients |url=https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |publisher=The Federation of Bakers |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226064815/https://www.fob.uk.com/about-the-bread-industry/how-bread-is-made/ingredients/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。作為食物添加劑，呢啲添加劑被分配個E編號，呢啲嘢嘅安全評估同批准都係由{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}（EFSA）負責<ref name="Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better">{{cite web|url=http://www.faia.org.uk/faq2_4.php|title=Frequently asked questions {{!}} why food additives|website=Food Additives and Ingredients Association UK & Ireland- Making life taste better|access-date=October 27, 2010|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601015633/https://www.faia.org.uk/faqs/|archive-date=June 1, 2019}}</ref>。相關嘅E編號係： * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk">UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Approved additives and their E numbers |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=October 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live }}</ref>、美國<ref name="fda.gov">US Food and Drug Administration:{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |title=Listing of food additives status part I |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060614/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2012 }}</ref>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca">Health Canada {{cite web |title=List of permitted preservatives (lists of permitted food additives) - Government of Canada |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |website=Government of Canada |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027020735/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html |url-status=live }}</ref>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au">Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – labeling of ingredients |date=September 8, 2011 |access-date=October 27, 2011 |archive-date=September 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live }}</ref>用嚟做食物添加劑：E300 [[抗壞血酸]]； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov" />、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E301 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈉|Sodium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca"/>、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au"/>用嚟做食物添加劑：E302 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鈣|Calcium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />，但未喺英國、美國或加拿大攞到批准：E303 {{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸鉀| Potassium ascorbate}}； * 已經批准喺英國<ref name="food.gov.uk" />、美國<ref name="fda.gov"/>、加拿大<ref name="health.canada.ca" />、澳洲同紐西蘭<ref name="comlaw.gov.au" />用嚟做食物添加劑：E304 {{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸脂肪酸酯|fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid}}，例如{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸棕櫚酸酯|Ascorbyl palmitate}}。 維他命C嘅立體異構體就算喺食物裏面有類似嘅作用，不過呢啲物質對人類壞血病冇療效。呢啲立體異構體包括{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}同埋佢嘅鈉鹽（E315同E316）<ref name="food.gov.uk"/>。 === 缺乏症 === 血漿維他命C係而家應用得最廣泛嘅維他命C狀態測試方法<ref name=PKIN2020VitC>{{cite book |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Vitamin C | veditors = Marriott MP, Birt DF, Stallings VA, Yates AA |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 155–70 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref>。充足嘅維他命C含量定義係接近每升50個 μmol。維他命C嘅{{Internal link helper/en|維他命缺乏症|Ascorbyl palmitate}}定義係低過23 μmol/L，而維他命C缺乏症就係低過11.4 μmol/L<ref name=Schleicher2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA |title=Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1252–63 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19675106 |doi=10.3945/ajcn.2008.27016 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | issn = 0002-9165}}</ref>。根據2017-2018年{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家健康與營養調查|National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey}}嘅數據，廿歲或以上嘅人平均血清維他命C嘅濃度係每升有53.4個μmol，裏面有5.9%嘅人被報告係缺乏維他命C<ref name="Narayanan-2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Narayanan S, Kumar SS, Manguvo A, Friedman E |title=Current estimates of serum vitamin C and vitamin C deficiency in the United States |journal=Curr Dev Nutr |volume=7 |issue=5 |page=1067 |date=June 2021 |doi=10.1093/cdn/nzab053_060|pmc=8180804 }}</ref>。喺全球，維他命C缺乏症喺低收入同中等收入國家比較常見，喺高收入國家亦都唔係罕見。喺高收入國家，男性嘅維他命C缺乏症嘅盛行率高過女性<ref name=Rowe2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rowe S, Carr AC |title=Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? |journal=Nutrients |volume=12 |issue=7 |date=July 2020 |page=2008 |pmid=32640674 |pmc=7400810 |doi=10.3390/nu12072008 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 當維他命C透過每日攝取量達到100-200mg嗰時，血漿濃度大約係65 μmol/L嗰時就達到飽和，呢個水平遠高過建議攝取量。就算口服攝入量高啲都唔會進一步噉提升血漿同組織濃度，因為吸收效率會降低，任何過量吸收嘅維他命C都會跟住尿液排走<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 ==== 診斷測試 ==== 血漿裏面嘅維他命C含量係用嚟決定維他命嘅狀態。為咗研究嘅目的，可以評估[[白血球]]同埋組織入面嘅維他命C濃度，呢啲細胞同組織入面嘅維他命C濃度通常比血漿裏面嘅濃度高１級，呢個係透過能量依賴性轉運系統嚟維持嘅；喺飲食缺乏嗰段時間，呢啲細胞同組織裏面嘅維他命C濃度消耗速度慢過喺血漿裏面；喺飲食補充嗰陣，呢啲細胞同組織入面維他命C濃度嘅恢復速度比起血漿裏面嘅快<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|pages=103–109}}。但係，呢啲分析好難去測量，所以唔屬於標準診斷檢測嘅一部分<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/><ref name="pmid15820776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emadi-Konjin P, Verjee Z, Levin AV, Adeli K | title = Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) | journal = Clinical Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 450–6 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15820776 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.01.018 }}</ref>。 == 化學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} <div class="skin-invert-image"> {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | align = left | image1 = Ascorbic acid structure.svg | image2 = Dehydroascorbic acid 2.svg | width = 150 | caption1 = 抗壞血酸（{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}）|caption2={{Internal link helper/en|脫氫抗壞血酸| Dehydroascorbic acid}}（{{Internal link helper/en|氧化形式|oxidizing agent}}） }} </div> 「維他命C」呢個名通常指嘅係抗壞血酸嘅{{Internal link helper/en|對映異構體|Enantiomer}}，同埋呢樣嘢嘅[[氧化還原反應]]形式—{{ruby-yue|脫氫抗壞血酸|'''D'''e'''H'''ydro'''A'''scorbate (DHA)}}，所以除非另有說明之外，營養學文獻裏面嘅「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}」同「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbic acid}}」分別係指{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbate}}同埋{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸|l-ascorbic acid}}。抗壞血酸係１種{{Internal link helper/en|弱糖酸|Acid_strength#Weak_acids}}，呢樣嘢嘅結構同[[葡萄醣]]有關。抗壞血酸喺生物系統裏面淨係存在喺低[[酸鹼度|pH值]]嘅條件下，不過喺pH值高過５嘅溶液入面，呢樣嘢主要係用[[電離]]嘅形式—{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸|ascorbate}}嘅形式存在<ref name="PKIN2020VitC" />。 而家已經開發咗好多分析方法嚟檢測抗壞血酸。例如果汁呢啲食物樣本嘅維他命C含量，可以透過檢測{{Internal link helper/en|DCPIP|Dichlorophenolindophenol}}溶液脫色所需嘅樣本體積，然後透過同已知濃度嘅維他命C去做比較嚟校準結果，嚟去計果汁呢啲食物樣本裏面嘅維他命C含量<ref name="British Nutrition Foundation-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |title=Testing foods for vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |publisher=British Nutrition Foundation |date=2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101705/http://www.foodafactoflife.org.uk/attachments/ff2caf4a-75e5-4aa129132873.pdf |archive-date=November 23, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Nuffield Foundation-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |title=Measuring the vitamin C content of foods and fruit juices |publisher=Nuffield Foundation |date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721181046/http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/measuring-vitamin-c-content-foods-and-fruit-juices |archive-date=July 21, 2015 }}</ref>。 == 合成 == 大部分動植物都能透過一系列[[酵素]]驅動嘅步驟去合成維他命C，呢啲步驟將[[單醣]]轉化做維他命C。酵母菌合成唔到L-抗壞血酸，而係合成佢嘅{{Internal link helper/en|立體異構體|Stereoisomerism}}—{{Internal link helper/en|異抗壞血酸|Erythorbic acid}}<ref name="pmid17971855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Branduardi P, Fossati T, Sauer M, Pagani R, Mattanovich D, Porro D | title = Biosynthesis of vitamin C by yeast leads to increased stress resistance | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 10 | article-number= e1092 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17971855 | pmc = 2034532 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001092 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1092B | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。維他命C喺植物裏面嘅中合成係透過將{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}或[[半乳醣]]轉化做抗壞血酸嚟實現嘅<ref name="pmid9620799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wheeler GL, Jones MA, Smirnoff N | title = The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6683 | pages = 365–9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9620799 | doi = 10.1038/30728 | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..365W | s2cid = 4421568 }}</ref><ref name="Stone">{{cite journal | url = http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | title = The natural history of ascorbic acid in the evolution of the mammals and primates and is significance for present-day man evolution of mammals and primates | vauthors = Stone I | year = 1972 | journal = Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 82–9 | access-date = December 31, 2023 | archive-date = October 2, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231002185424/http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1972/pdf/1972-v01n02%2603-p082.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。喺動物裏面嘅起始原料係[[葡萄醣]]。某啲喺肝臟合成抗壞血酸嘅物種（包括[[哺乳動物]]同[[雀形目]]嘅[[雀]]）裏面，葡萄糖都係由[[肝醣]]裏面提取嘅；抗壞血酸嘅合成係個依賴糖原分解嘅過程<ref name="pmid11458272">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bánhegyi G, Mándl J | title = The hepatic glycogenoreticular system | journal = Pathology & Oncology Research | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–10 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11458272 | doi = 10.1007/BF03032575 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.602.5659 | s2cid = 20139913 }}</ref>。喺人類同動物身上都唔能夠合成維他命C，催化生物合成最後一步嘅<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}|GULO}}發生高度突變而冇咗個功能<ref name="valpuesta">{{cite journal | title = Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant | vauthors = Valpuesta V, Botella MA | journal = Trends in Plant Science | year = 2004 | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 573–7 | pmid = 15564123 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.002 | bibcode = 2004TPS.....9..573V | url = http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | access-date = October 8, 2018 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062850/http://www.bmbq.uma.es/lbbv/index_archivos/pdf/Valpuesta%202004.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid1962571">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Yagi K | title = Molecular basis for the deficiency in humans of gulonolactone oxidase, a key enzyme for ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Am J Clin Nutr | volume = 54 | issue = 6 Suppl | pages = 1203S–8S | date = December 1991 | pmid = 1962571 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1203s| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid1400507">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nishikimi M, Kawai T, Yagi K | title = Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 30 | pages = 21967–72 | date = October 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36707-9 | pmid = 1400507 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid10572964">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohta Y, Nishikimi M | title = Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects | volume = 1472 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 408–11 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10572964 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(99)00123-3 }}</ref>。 === 動物合成 === 有啲關於能夠合成維他命C嘅動物物種維持嘅血清維他命C濃度嘅資料。有一項針對幾個犬種做嘅研究報告話，平均濃度係35.9個μmol/L<ref name="pmid11666145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang S, Berge GE, Sund RB |title=Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in healthy dogs |journal=Res. Vet. Sci. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=33–5 |date=August 2001 |pmid=11666145 |doi=10.1053/rvsc.2001.0481 }}</ref>。另一份關於山羊、綿羊同牛嘅報告顯示，報告嘅範圍分別喺100-110、265-270同160-350個μmol/L<ref name=Ranjan2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ranjan R, Ranjan A, Dhaliwal GS, Patra RC |s2cid=1674389 |title=l-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation to optimize health and reproduction in cattle |journal=Vet Q |volume=32 |issue=3–4 |pages=145–50 |date=2012 |pmid=23078207 |doi=10.1080/01652176.2012.734640 }}</ref>。 [[脊椎動物]]嘅抗壞血酸嘅生物合成係由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}嘅形成開始。當UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖|glucose}}經歷兩次由UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖6-脫氫酶|glucose 6-dehydrogenase}}催化嘅氧化嗰陣時，就會形成UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄糖醛酸|glucuronic acid}}。UDP-葡萄糖6-脫氫酶係用輔助因子NAD⁺嚟做電子受體。轉移酶UDP-{{ruby-yue|葡萄醣醛酸焦磷酸化酶|glucuronate pyrophosphorylase}}會去除１個{{Internal link helper/en|單磷酸尿苷|Uridine monophosphate}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄醣醛酸激酶|Glucuronokinase}}，而輔因子ADP一齊去除最終嘅磷酸鹽，令到{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸|Glucuronic acid}|<small>D</small>-葡萄糖醛酸}}出現。呢種化合物嘅醛基會用{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖醛酸還原酶|Glucuronate reductase}}同輔因子NADPH還原做{{ruby-yue|伯醇|primary alcohol}}，產生<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|古洛糖酸|gulonic acid}}。跟住喺C1位置上面嘅羰基同C4位置上面嘅羥基之間發生內酯化反應，嗰個反應就利用水解酶{{Internal link helper/en|葡萄糖酸內酯酶|Gluconolactonase}}去完成。<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯然後就同氧氣發生反應，嗰個反應由<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶（嗰種酶喺人類同其他[[簡鼻亞目]]靈長類動物裏面冇嘅功能；睇睇{{Internal link helper/en|單一假基因|Pseudogene#Unitary_pseudogenes}}）同輔因子FAD⁺嘅催化。呢個反應會產生2-{{ruby-yue|氧代古洛糖酸內酯|oxogulonolactone}}（2-{{ruby-yue|酮基古洛糖酸內酯|keto-gulonolactone}}），呢樣嘢自發性發生{{Internal link helper/en|烯醇化|Enol}}反應產生抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" /><ref name="West Sussex 2009">{{cite book | vauthors = Dewick PM | title = Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach | edition = 3rd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-470-74167-2 | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | page = 493}}</ref><ref name=Linster2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Linster CL, Van Schaftingen E | title = Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–22 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17222174 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x | s2cid = 21345196 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。爬蟲類同埋古老啲嘅雀喺腎臟入面合成抗壞血酸；新啲嘅雀同大部分哺乳動物都會喺佢哋嘅肝臟入面製造抗壞血酸<ref name="Stone" />。 ==== 非合成者 ==== 有啲哺乳動物已經冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力，包括[[類人猿下目|猿猴]]同{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴|Tarsier}}，佢哋一齊構成咗兩個主要嘅[[靈長目]]之一嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]。人類亦都屬於呢個亞目群組。其他比較原始嘅靈長類動物（[[原猴|原猴亞目]]）天生就有合成維他命C嘅能力。例如係[[天竺鼠]]同[[水豚]]呢啲{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科|Caviidae}}嘅物種係冇合成維他命C嘅能力，不過例如{{Internal link helper/en|大老鼠|Rat|大鼠}}同{{Internal link helper/en|細老鼠|Mouse|小鼠}}就有呢種能力<ref name="Miller-2014">{{cite book | vauthors = Miller RE, Fowler ME | title = Fowler's zoo and wild animal medicine, volume 8 | page = 389 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&q=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&pg=PA389 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207032904/https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA389&lpg=PA389&dq=Caviidae+%22vitamin+C%22&source=bl&ots=ofF-Bu-mx-&sig=nPEZZ68O7v26lmGS9eAGfmaUZ1o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIk471gInNAhUT0WMKHWlpAqAQ6AEISDAH#v=onepage&q=Caviidae%20%22vitamin%20C%22&f=false |archive-date=December 7, 2016 | isbn = 978-1-4557-7399-2 |date=2014 | publisher = Elsevier Health Sciences }}</ref>。 大多數蝙蝠嘅物種都冇合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="Jenness-1980">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0305-0491(80)90131-5 |title=Variation of l-gulonolactone oxidase activity in placental mammals |year=1980 |vauthors=Jenness R, Birney E, Ayaz K |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=195–204 }}</ref>，但至少有兩種蝙蝠—食果蝙蝠[[棕果蝠]]同埋食蟲蝙蝠{{Internal link helper/en|大蹄蝠|Great roundleaf bat}}都保留咗（或者重拾咗）佢哋合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21037206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Pan YH, Zhang Y, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 1025–31 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21037206 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq286 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid22069493">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cui J, Yuan X, Wang L, Jones G, Zhang S | title = Recent loss of vitamin C biosynthesis ability in bats | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | article-number= e27114 | date = Nov 2011 | pmid = 22069493 | pmc = 3206078 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0027114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...627114C }}</ref>。有啲[[雀形目]]嘅鳥類都冇合成維他命C嘅能力，但並唔係所有鳥類都係噉樣，而且冇呢種能力嘅鳥類之間嘅親緣關係並唔明確；有人提出，鳥類嘅呢種能力曾經獨立喪失過好多次<ref name="Martinez del Rio_1997">{{cite journal |title=Can passerines synthesize vitamin C? | vauthors = Martinez del Rio C |journal= The Auk |date=July 1997 |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=513–6 |jstor=4089257 |doi=10.2307/4089257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。特別係，合成維他命C嘅能力被推定係喪失咗，然後後嚟喺至少兩個情況下重新得到<ref name="pmid22294879">{{cite journal | vauthors = Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B | title = The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates | journal = Current Genomics | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 371–8 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 22294879 | pmc = 3145266 | doi = 10.2174/138920211796429736 }}</ref>。大約有96%嘅{{Internal link helper/en|現存魚類|Neontology#Extant_taxa_versus_extinct_taxa}}<ref name=Berra>{{cite book | vauthors = Berra TM |title=Freshwater fish distribution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1Ygw6XwFQC&pg=PA55 |year=2008 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-04443-9|page=55}}</ref>（[[真骨魚]]<ref name="pmid22294879" />）都冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力。{{Internal link helper/en|血吸蟲|Schistosoma}}（寄生扁形動物）本身冇辦法合成維他命C，一定要喺宿主嗰度攞到維他命C先至可以產卵；喺天竺鼠<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krakower C, Hoffman WA, Axtmayer JH |date=1944 |title=Defective Granular Eggshell Formation by Schistosoma mansoni in Experimentally Infected Guinea Pigs on a Vitamin C Deficient Diet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30089416 |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=178–183 |issn=0022-1899}}</ref>同基因改造到冇辦法合成維他命C嘅老鼠<ref name="Chen_2025">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen G, Jun JH, Wijshake T, Kwarteng EO, Li Y, Yuan M, Rose J, Li S, Cobb S, Serpa W, Folger B, Li Y, Li L, Chen W, Collins JJ, Wang J, Agathocleous M | title = Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 122 | issue = 52 | article-number = e2517730122 | date = December 2025 | pmid = 41433065 | pmc = 12772214 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.2517730122 }}</ref>裏面，缺乏維他命C都可以阻止血吸蟲繁殖。另外，喺小鼠身上亦發現到，缺乏維他命C（就算係間歇性）都可以阻止到血吸蟲致病<ref name="Chen_2025" />。 以每公斤體重消耗嘅毫克嚟計，非合成者物種嘅猿猴所攝入嘅維他命份量係政府建議人類攝取量嘅10-20倍<ref name="pmid10378206">{{cite journal | vauthors = Milton K | title = Nutritional characteristics of wild primate foods: do the diets of our closest living relatives have lessons for us? | journal = Nutrition | volume = 15 | issue = 6 | pages = 488–98 | date = June 1999 | pmid = 10378206 | doi = 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00078-7 | url = http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810090049/http://www.direct-ms.org/pdf/EvolutionPaleolithic/primaten.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = 10 August 2017 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.1533}}</ref>。呢種差異構成咗人類建議飲食攝取量爭議定得太過低嘅一啲基礎<ref name=pmid5275366 />。不過，猿猴嘅消耗唔代表猿猴嘅需求。{{ruby-yue|默克嘅獸醫手冊|Merck's veterinary manual}}指出，非人靈長類動物每公斤體重每日攝取3-6mg嘅維他命C可以預防[[壞血病]]<ref name="Parrott-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |title=Nutritional diseases of nonhuman primates | vauthors = Parrott T |date=October 2022 |website=Merck Veterinary Manual |access-date=24 December 2023 |archive-date=December 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224173242/https://www.msdvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/nonhuman-primates/nutritional-diseases-of-nonhuman-primates |url-status=live }}</ref>。相比之下，好多國家建議嘅成年人維他命C膳食攝取量係每公斤體重1-2mg嘅範圍裏面。 ==== 動物合成嘅進化 ==== 抗壞血酸係哺乳類動物身體裏面１種成日都見嘅酵素{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}，參與[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成，同時亦都係１種強效嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}，可以好快噉清除幾種{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|活性氧類|Reactive oxygen species|活性氧}}|ROS}}。鑑於抗壞血酸有呢啲重要嘅功能，令人驚訝嘅係，合成呢種分子嘅能力並唔係一直得以保留。事實上，類人猿靈長類動物、[[天竺鼠]]、[[真骨魚]]、大部分蝙蝠同埋一啲[[雀形目]]鳥類都獨立冇咗喺腎臟或者喺肝臟裏面合成維他命C嘅能力<ref name="pmid21140195">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lachapelle MY, Drouin G | title = Inactivation dates of the human and guinea pig vitamin C genes | journal = Genetica | volume = 139 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–207 | date = February 2011 | pmid = 21140195 | doi = 10.1007/s10709-010-9537-x | s2cid = 7747147 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22294879"/>。喺所有對抗壞血酸做嘅{{Internal link helper/en|營養缺陷型|Auxotrophy}}基因組分析嘅案例裏面，發現呢種變化源於編碼<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸-<small>γ</small>-內酯氧化酶嘅基因發生功能缺失突變，嗰種酵素係催化上面講到嘅抗壞血酸合成途徑最後一步嘅酶<ref name="pmid23404229">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang H | s2cid = 14393449 | title = Conserved or lost: molecular evolution of the key gene GULO in vertebrate vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = Biochemical Genetics | volume = 51 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 413–25 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23404229 | doi = 10.1007/s10528-013-9574-0 }}</ref>。合成維他命C嘅能力反覆冇咗嘅１個解釋係，呢個係[[基因漂變]]嘅結果；假設飲食裏面含有豐富嘅維他命C，自然選擇就唔會發揮作用嚟保留呢種能力<ref name="pmid20210993">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ZD, Frankish A, Hunt T, Harrow J, Gerstein M | title = Identification and analysis of unitary pseudogenes: historic and contemporary gene losses in humans and other primates | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | article-number = R26 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20210993 | pmc = 2864566 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r26 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid3338984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K | title = Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 4 | pages = 1619–21 | date = February 1988 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)77923-X | pmid = 3338984 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 就類人猿呢啲靈長類動物嚟講，有人認為佢哋冇咗合成維他命C嘅能力可能發生喺遠過晒人類甚至比猿類出現得更加早嘅進化史上面，因為佢哋明顯係喺第１批靈長類動物出現之後冇幾耐發生，但係又喺早期靈長類動物分裂成兩個主要亞目之後嘅某個時候出現，嗰兩個亞目係冇辯法合成維他命C嘅[[簡鼻亞目]]，同埋保留咗製造維他命C能力嘅姊妹亞目—非眼镜猴嘅[[原猴]]<ref name="pmid3113259">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pollock JI, Mullin RJ | title = Vitamin C biosynthesis in prosimians: evidence for the anthropoid affinity of Tarsius | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 65–70 | date=1987 | pmid = 3113259 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330730106 | bibcode = 1987AJPA...73...65P }}</ref>。根據分子鐘測年法，呢兩個靈長類亞目嘅分支大約喺6,300萬-6,000萬年前分開去走<ref name="pmid15085543">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poux C, Douzery EJ | title = Primate phylogeny, evolutionary rate variations, and divergence times: a contribution from the nuclear gene IRBP | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 01–16 | date=2004 | pmid = 15085543 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.10322 | bibcode = 2004AJPA..124....1P }}</ref>。大約300萬-500萬年之後（5,800萬年前），喺進化角度嚟睇，只係喺之後嘅短時間，眼鏡猴亞目{{Internal link helper/en|跗形目|Tarsiiformes}}——佢唯一倖存嘅科係喺其他簡鼻猴類裏面分化出嚟嘅{{Internal link helper/en|眼鏡猴科|Tarsier}}<ref name="pmid9668008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodman M, Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Page SL, Schneider H, Shoshani J, Gunnell G, Groves CP | title = Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 3 | pages = 585–98 | date=June 1998 | pmid = 9668008 | doi = 10.1006/mpev.1998.0495 | bibcode = 1998MolPE...9..585G | s2cid = 23525774 }}</ref><ref name="Porter_1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Porter CA, Page SL, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MP, Sampaio I, Goodman M |s2cid=1851788 |title=Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the ε-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions |journal=Int J Primatol |date= April 1997 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=261–95 |doi=10.1023/A:1026328804319 |hdl=2027.42/44561 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。由於眼鏡猴亦都冇辦法合成維他命C，呢個意味住突變已經發生咗，所以一定發生喺呢兩個標記點之間（6,300萬-5,800萬年前）<ref name="pmid3113259" />。 亦都有人指出，冇咗合成抗壞血酸能力同唔能夠分解尿酸有相似得驚人嘅地方，而冇咗尿酸分解能力亦都係靈長類動物嘅其中１個特徵。尿酸同抗壞血酸都係好強嘅{{Internal link helper/en|還原劑|Reducing agent}}。呢個導致有個講法，喺高等靈長類動物身上，尿酸已經取代咗抗壞血酸嘅部分功能<ref name="pmid5477017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Proctor P | s2cid = 4146946 | title = Similar functions of uric acid and ascorbate in man? | journal = Nature | volume = 228 | issue = 5274 | page = 868 | date = 1970 | pmid = 5477017 | doi = 10.1038/228868a0 | bibcode = 1970Natur.228..868P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 植物合成 === [[File:Vitamin C Biosynthesis in Plants.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|class=skin-invert-image|維他命C喺植物嘅生物合成。]] 植物入面存在幾種唔同嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑。大部分途徑都係涉及透過[[葡萄醣解]]產物同埋其他{{Internal link helper/en|代謝途徑|Metabolic pathway}}，例如其中一個途徑係利用植物[[細胞壁]]聚合物<ref name="valpuesta"/>。植物入面主要嘅抗壞血酸生物合成途徑似乎係經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖。<small>L</small>-{{Internal link helper/en|半乳糖脫氫酶|L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase}}催化<small>L</small>-半乳糖{{Internal link helper/en|有機氧化還原反應|Organic redox reaction|氧化}}成{{Internal link helper/en|內酯|Lactone}}，仲將內酯異構化做C4-羥基，產生{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯跟住就同粒線體黃素酶{{ruby-yue|<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸-1,4-內酯|L-galactono-1,4-lactone}}<ref name="pmid18190525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leferink NG, van den Berg WA, van Berkel WJ | title = l-Galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana, a flavoprotein involved in vitamin C biosynthesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 275 | issue = 4 | pages = 713–26 | date = February 2008 | pmid = 18190525 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06233.x | s2cid = 25096297 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>去產生抗壞血酸<ref name="West Sussex 2009"/>。喺菠菜入面，<small>L</small>-抗壞血酸對<small>L</small>-半乳糖脫氫酶有負面嘅回饋作用<ref name="pmid15509850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mieda T, Yabuta Y, Rapolu M, Motoki T, Takeda T, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S | title = Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate | journal = Plant & Cell Physiology | volume = 45 | issue = 9 | pages = 1271–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15509850 | doi = 10.1093/pcp/pch152 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。{{efn|雙子葉植物胚胎排出嘅抗壞血酸係鐵還原嘅１種公認嘅機制，亦都係鐵吸收嘅必要步驟{{efn|雙子葉植物淨係運送{{Internal link helper/en|亞鐵|Ferrous}}離子（Fe²⁺），但如果鐵用{{Internal link helper/en|三價鐵離子|Ferric}}絡合物（Fe³⁺）嘅形式循環，就一定要做還原先至能夠主動運輸。植物胚胎會分泌大量嘅抗壞血酸，抗壞血酸能夠將三價鐵喺三價鐵絡合物還原返出嚟<ref name="pmid24347170">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grillet L, Ouerdane L, Flis P, Hoang MT, Isaure MP, Lobinski R, Curie C, Mari S | title = Ascorbate efflux as a new strategy for iron reduction and transport in plants | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 289 | issue = 5 | pages = 2515–25 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24347170 | pmc = 3908387 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M113.514828 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。}}。}}。 所有植物都能夠自己合成抗壞血酸。抗壞血酸用嚟做[[光合作用]]相關酵素嘅輔因子，參與植物激素嘅合成，仲用嚟做抗氧化劑同其他抗氧化劑嘅再生劑<ref name=Gallie2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gallie DR | title = L-ascorbic acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development | journal = Scientifica | volume = 2013 | pages = 1–24 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24278786 | pmc = 3820358 | doi = 10.1155/2013/795964 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。植物利用幾種途徑去合成維他命C。主要途徑係用葡萄糖、[[果糖]]或{{Internal link helper/en|甘露糖|Mannose}}（全部都係單醣）嚟做起始底物，產生<small>L</small>-半乳糖、<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸內酯同埋抗壞血酸<ref name=Gallie2013 /><ref name=Mellidou2017 />。呢種生物合成過程受[[晝夜節律]]嚟調控<ref name="Mellidou2017" />。當中午嘅陽光強度需要高抗壞血酸濃度嗰陣，酶嘅表達會喺朝早達到最高峰嚟支持生物合成<ref name=Mellidou2017>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mellidou I, Kanellis AK | title = Genetic control of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling in horticultural crops | journal = Frontiers in Chemistry | volume = 5 | article-number = 50 | year = 2017 | pmid = 28744455 | pmc = 5504230 | doi = 10.3389/fchem.2017.00050 | bibcode = 2017FrCh....5...50M | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid27179323">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bulley S, Laing W | title = The regulation of ascorbate biosynthesis | journal = Current Opinion in Plant Biology | volume = 33 | pages = 15–22 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27179323 | doi = 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.010 | series = SI: 33: Cell signalling and gene regulation 2016 | bibcode = 2016COPB...33...15B }}</ref>。有啲次要嘅途徑可能淨係存在喺植物嘅特定部位；呢啲途徑可以同脊椎動物途徑相同（包括GLO酵素），亦都可以喺肌醇開始，然而經由<small>L</small>-半乳糖酸轉化做<small>L</small>-{{ruby-yue|半乳酮內酯|galactonolactone}}<ref name=Gallie2013 />。 === 工業合成 === {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} 維他命C可以透過兩種主要途徑由[[葡萄糖]]產生。而家已經唔再利用喺1930年代開發嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}，嗰個方法係用單次發酵，然後再做純化學途徑合成。現代嘅兩步驟[[發酵]]過程最初喺1960年代响[[中國大陸]]開發，透過額外嘅發酵步驟嚟取代部分後續嘅化學合成階段。賴希斯坦法同現代嘅兩步發酵過程都係用[[葡萄糖]]嚟做起始原料，將佢轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖醇|Sorbitol}}在先，然後再用發酵轉化做{{Internal link helper/en|山梨糖|Sorbose}}<ref name="pmid23208776">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eggersdorfer M, Laudert D, Létinois U, McClymont T, Medlock J, Netscher T, Bonrath W | title = One hundred years of vitamins-a success story of the natural sciences | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 51 | issue = 52 | pages = 12960–12990 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23208776 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201205886 | bibcode = 2012ACIE...5112960E }}</ref>。兩步驟發酵法跟住透過另一次發酵步驟將山梨糖經過另一個發酵步驟轉化做2-酮-<small>L</small>-古洛糖酸（KGA），避免咗額外嘅中間產物。兩種方法都可以喺葡萄糖起始原料入面產生大約60%嘅維他命C<ref name="Competition Commission-2001">{{cite web |url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120119194657/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/2001/fulltext/456a4.2.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |title=The production of vitamin C |access-date=February 20, 2007 |year=2001 |publisher=Competition Commission }}</ref>。研究人員正喺度探索緊單步發酵嘅方法<ref name="pmid33717042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhou M, Bi Y, Ding M, Yuan Y |title=One-step biosynthesis of vitamin C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=12 |issue= |article-number=643472 |date=2021 |pmid=33717042 |pmc=7947327 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.643472 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="pmid35996146">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tian YS, Deng YD, Zhang WH, Yu-Wang, Xu J, Gao JJ, Bo-Wang, Fu XY, Han HJ, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Peng RH, Yao QH |title=Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for direct production of vitamin C from D-glucose |journal=Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod |volume=15 |issue=1 |article-number=86 |date=August 2022 |pmid=35996146 |pmc=9396866 |doi=10.1186/s13068-022-02184-0 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2022BBB....15...86T }}</ref>。 中國生產咗大約佔70%嘅全球維他命C市場，其餘嘅部分就由歐盟、印度同北美去瓜分。預計到2024年，全球市場規模就嚟超過14.1萬公噸<ref name="Vantage market research-2022">{{cite press release |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |title=Vantage market research: global vitamin C market size & share to surpass $1.8 Bn by 2028 |date=November 8, 2022 |website=Globe Newswire |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215223/https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/11/08/2550571/0/en/Global-Vitamin-C-Market-Size-Share-to-Surpass-1-8-Bn-by-2028-China-Produces-80-of-Commercial-Vitamin-C-Vantage-Market-Research.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。每噸（1,000公斤）維他命C嘅成本用美金去計，喺上海嘅價錢係$2,220，喺漢堡就係$2,850，喺美國就係$3,490<ref name="ChemAnalyst-2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |title=Vitamin C price trend and forecast |date=September 2023 |website=ChemAnalyst |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221215224/https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/vitamin-c-1258 |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 藥理學 == {{main|{{Internal link helper/en|抗壞血酸嘅化學性質|Chemistry of ascorbic acid}}}} === 藥效學 === {{Internal link helper/en|藥效學|Pharmacodynamics}}包括維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅[[酵素]]，呢啲酵素喺缺乏狀態下嘅功能可能受損；同埋口服或注射維他命C嘅劑量超過正常需求嘅話，任何酵素嘅輔因子或者其他生理功能都會受影響。喺正常生理濃度底下，維他命C作為１種酵素{{Internal link helper/en|底物|Substrate (chemistry)#Biochemistry}}，同埋{{Internal link helper/en|輔因子|Cofactor (biochemistry)}}仲有{{Internal link helper/en|電子供體|Electron donor}}抗氧化劑嚟發揮作用。佢嘅酵素功能包括[[膠原蛋白]]、{{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}同埋[[神經遞質]]嘅合成；[[酪氨酸]]嘅合成同{{Internal link helper/en|分解代謝|Catabolism}}，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|微粒體|Microsome}}嘅代謝。喺非酵素功能入面，為咗保持鐵同銅原子喺佢哋嘅還原狀態，維他命C會用嚟充當做還原劑，向氧化分子提供電子嚟防止氧化<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。喺靜脈注射達到非生理濃度嗰陣時，維他命C可能會起到{{Internal link helper/en|促氧化劑|Pro-oxidant}}嚟發揮作用，對癌細胞產生治療毒性<ref name="Bottger2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böttger F, Vallés-Martí A, Cahn L, Jimenez CR |title=High-dose intravenous vitamin C, a promising multi-targeting agent in the treatment of cancer |journal=J Exp Clin Cancer Res |volume=40 |issue=1 |article-number=343 |date=October 2021 |pmid=34717701 |pmc=8557029 |doi=10.1186/s13046-021-02134-y |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="Park2018">{{cite journal |vauthors=Park S, Ahn S, Shin Y, Yang Y, Yeom CH |title=Vitamin C in cancer: a metabolomics perspective |journal=Front Physiol |volume=9 |issue= |article-number=762 |date=2018 |pmid=29971019 |pmc=6018397 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.00762 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C有以下嘅[[酶]]嘅輔因子<ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>： * 喺[[膠原蛋白]]嘅合成過程裏面，[[脯氨酸]]同[[賴氨酸]]嘅{{Internal link helper/en|羥基化|Hydroxylation}}需要３組酵素，包括{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸羥化酶|Procollagen-proline dioxygenase}}、{{Internal link helper/en|脯氨酸-4-羥化酶|P4HA1}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|賴胺酸羥化酶|Lysyl hydroxylase}}。呢啲反應透過脯氨酸羥化酶同賴胺酸羥化酶將[[氫氧化物]]加到去膠原蛋白分子入面嘅[[脯氨酸]]或者[[賴氨酸]]上面，而呢兩種酵素都需要維他命C用嚟做輔因子。維他命C用嚟做輔因子嘅作用係將脯氨酸羥化酶同賴氨酰羥化酶由Fe{{sup|2+}}氧化成Fe{{sup|3+}}，同埋將佢由Fe{{sup|3+}}還原成Fe{{sup|2+}}。羥基化令到膠原蛋白分子形成３重[[螺旋]]結構，因此維他命C對於{{Internal link helper/en|疤痕組織|Granulation tissue}}、[[血管]]同[[軟骨]]嘅形成同維持係必要嘅。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肉鹼|Carnitine}}嘅合成需要兩種酵素：{{Internal link helper/en|三甲基賴氨酸雙加氧酶|Trimethyllysine dioxygenase}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|γ-丁基甜菜鹼雙加氧酶|Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase}}。肉鹼係將[[脂肪酸]]輸送去到[[粒線體]]入面，係產生[[三磷酸腺苷]]嘅必要條件。 * {{Internal link helper/en|缺氧誘導因子—脯胺酸羥化酶|Hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase}}（同工型：{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN2}}同{{Internal link helper/en|EGLN3}}）令到細胞可以對低濃度氧氣做出生理反應。 * {{Internal link helper/en|多巴胺β羥化酶|Dopamine beta-hydroxylase}}參與[[多巴胺]]生物合成{{Internal link helper/en|去甲腎上腺素|Norepinephrine}}嘅過程。 * {{Internal link helper/en|肽酰甘氨酸α-醯胺化單加氧酶|Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase}}係透過喺佢哋嘅C尾端甘氨酸殘基裏面整走乙醛酸殘基，令到{{Internal link helper/en|肽類激素|Peptide hormone}}酰胺化。噉樣會增加肽激素嘅穩定性同活性。 用嚟做１種抗氧化劑嘅抗壞血酸，呢樣嘢可以清除活性氧同氮化合物，噉樣就可以中和呢啲[[自由基]]化合物潛在嘅組織損傷。佢嘅氧化形式脫氫抗壞血酸跟住之後就會畀例如係{{Internal link helper/en|穀胱甘肽|Glutathione}}嘅內源性抗氧化劑還原做抗壞血酸<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。喺眼入面，抗壞血酸被認為可以保護對眼唔好受到光解產生嘅自由基損傷；血漿入面嘅抗壞血酸水平越高，患[[白內障]]嘅風險越低有關<ref name="pmid30878580"/>。抗壞血酸亦都可以透過將例如係{{Internal link helper/en|α-生育酚|α-Tocopherol}}嘅其他生物抗氧化劑再生返去活性狀態嚟間接去提供抗氧化保護<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。另外，抗壞血酸亦都用嚟做微粒體藥物代謝系統入面混合功能氧化酶嘅非酵素還原劑，令到例如係藥物同環境致癌物嘅幾種底物冇咗活性<ref name=DRItext />{{rp|98–99}}。 === 藥物動力學 === {{main|藥物代謝動力學}} 抗壞血酸喺人體裏面嘅吸收途徑包括主動輸送同被動擴散<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P |title=The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |page=2412 |pmid=31601028 |pmc=6835439 |doi=10.3390/nu11102412 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。當每日喺食物來源同中等劑量嘅營養補充劑，例如食幾種維他命／礦物質產品）入面攝取30-180mg維他命C嗰時，大約有70%-90%嘅維他命C係透過主動輸送嚟吸收嘅。不過，當大量噉攝取維他命C（例如係補充劑）嗰陣時，主動輸送系統就會去到飽和，而當吸收嘅總量隨住劑量而係噉加上去嗰陣，吸收效率就會跌到低過50%<ref name=NIH2021 />。主動輸送係由{{ruby-yue|抗壞血酸鈉| Sodium-Ascorbate Co-Transporter proteins}}共轉運蛋白（SVCTs）和己糖轉運蛋白（GLUTs）負責。{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT1|SLC23A1}}同{{Internal link helper/en|SVCT2|SLC23A1}}會穿過細胞膜輸送抗壞血酸<ref name="Savini_2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savini I, Rossi A, Pierro C, Avigliano L, Catani MV | title = SVCT1 and SVCT2: key proteins for vitamin C uptake | journal = Amino Acids | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 347–55 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 17541511 | doi = 10.1007/s00726-007-0555-7 | s2cid = 312905 }}</ref>。葡萄糖轉運蛋白{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT1}}、{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT3}}同{{Internal link helper/en|GLUT4}}淨係係轉移維他命C嘅氧化脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）形式<ref name="pmid9228080">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M | title = Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 272 | issue = 30 | pages = 18982–9 | date = July 1997 | pmid = 9228080 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18982 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Linster2007 />。喺正常條件下，喺血漿同組織入面發現DHA嘅量都係低嘅，因為細胞會好快噉將DHA還原做抗壞血酸<ref name="pmid12729925">{{cite journal | vauthors = May JM, Qu ZC, Neel DR, Li X | title = Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidized forms by human endothelial cells | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research | volume = 1640 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 153–61 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12729925 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-4889(03)00043-0 | doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 抗壞血酸鈉共轉運蛋白嘅主動輸送係人體裏面運送維他命C嘅主要系統<ref name="Savini_2008" />。例如維他命C合成者嘅大鼠，同埋例如係非合成者嘅人類，喺佢哋嘅細胞裏面，抗壞血酸嘅濃度都高過晒血漿裏面大約每公升50個μmol嘅濃度好多。 例如，[[腦垂體]]同[[腎上腺]]嘅抗壞血酸含量可以超過每公升2,000個μmol，而肌肉裏面嘅含量係喺每公升200-300個μmol<ref name=Padayatty2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Padayatty SJ, Levine M | title = Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks | journal = Oral Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 463–93 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 26808119 | pmc = 4959991 | doi = 10.1111/odi.12446 }}</ref>。抗壞血酸嘅已知輔酶功能並唔需要噉高嘅濃度，所以可能存在其他仲未發現嘅功能。所有呢啲器官裏面高濃度嘅抗壞血酸含量嘅一個結果係，血漿維他命C冇辦法好好噉反映全身嘅維他命C狀況，所以呢樣嘢唔係唔係全身狀態嘅好指標，而就算飲食裏面嘅維他命C含量極低，唔同嘅人出現維他命C缺乏症症狀嘅所需時間都可能會有唔同<ref name=Padayatty2016 />。 維他命C主要係透過尿液嘅形式嚟排泄出抗壞血酸同埋嗰樣嘢嘅代謝物。仲未代謝嘅抗壞血酸形式排泄出去嘅部分會隨住增加攝入量而增加。另外，抗壞血酸會（可逆噉）轉化做DHA，而DHA又唔可逆轉噉變成{{ruby-yue|2,3-二酮古洛糖酸酯|2,3-diketogulonate}}，然後再轉化做{{ruby-yue|草酸鹽|oxalate}}，呢３種代謝物亦都會透過尿液排出。喺飲食攝入量低嗰陣時，維他命C會畀腎臟重新吸收而唔係排泄出去。呢種回收嘅過程可以延緩維他命C缺乏症嘅發生。人類比天竺鼠更加擅長去將DHA轉化返去做抗壞血酸，所以要耐好多先至會出現維他命C缺乏症<ref name=Linster2007 /><ref name=PKIN2020VitC/>。 == 健康影響 == [[File:VitaminSupplementPills2.jpg|thumb|alt=Rows and rows of dietary supplement bottles on shelves |喺美國藥房嘅其他膳食補充劑入面包括維他命C補充劑。]] 維他命C對預防同治療１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病—壞血病有絕對嘅作用。除此之外，維他命C喺預防或去醫唔同病方面嘅作用仍然存在住爭議，相關嘅評論結果成日都互相矛盾。而家仲未有證據顯示維他命C補充對整體死亡率有影響<ref name="pmid22419320">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C | title = Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2012 | issue = 3 | article-number= CD007176 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22419320 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 | pmc = 8407395 | hdl = 10138/136201 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>。維他命C被列入咗去{{Internal link helper/en|世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單|WHO Model List of Essential Medicines}}<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>同埋世界衛生組織示範藥物指南裏面<ref name = "WHO Formulary 2008">{{cite book | title = WHO Model Formulary 2008 | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-92-4-154765-9 | veditors = Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR | hdl = 10665/44053 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | hdl-access=free }}</ref>。2023年，維他命C係美國第226種最常見嘅處方藥物，處方量超過100萬張<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2023 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=12 August 2025 | archive-date=12 August 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812130026/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ascorbic Acid Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/AscorbicAcid | access-date = 20 August 2025 }}</ref>。 === 阿茲海默症 === 有報告話，[[腦退化|認知障礙症]]病人嘅血漿維他命C濃度會低啲。評論裏面冇提供到介入嘅臨床試驗報告<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison FE | title = A critical review of vitamin C for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Journal of Alzheimer's Disease | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 711–26 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22366772 | pmc = 3727637 | doi = 10.3233/JAD-2012-111853 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamid M, Mansoor S, Amber S, Zahid S |title=A quantitative meta-analysis of vitamin C in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Front Aging Neurosci |volume=14 |issue= |article-number=970263 |date=2022 |pmid=36158537 |pmc=9490219 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.970263 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 血壓 === 有報告話，同去，高血壓病人嘅血清維他命C比正常血壓嘅人低15.13 μmol/L。維他命同{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|收縮壓]]|Systolic Blood Pressure}}（SBP）仲有{{ruby-yue|[[血壓|舒張壓]]|Diastolic Blood Pressure}}（DBP）都有逆向關係。口服維他命C補充劑會令到高血壓病人嘅SBP出現輕微嘅下降，喺統計學意義上明顯噉落到去非常適中嘅位置<ref name=Guan2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Guan Y, Dai P, Wang H |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=99 |issue=8 |article-number=e19274 |date=February 2020 |pmid=32080138 |pmc=7034722 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000019274 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Llban2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M |title=Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials |journal=Int J Food Sci Nutr |volume=74 |issue=8 |pages=814–25 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37791386 |doi=10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549 |s2cid=263621742 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24241426 |access-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044305/https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Vitamin_C_supplementation_showed_greater_effects_on_systolic_blood_pressure_in_hypertensive_and_diabetic_patients_an_updated_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis_of_randomised_clinical_trials/24241426 |url-status=live }}</ref>。可能嘅解釋係，維他命C可以提高細胞裏面{{Internal link helper/en|四氫生物蝶呤|Tetrahydrobiopterin}}嘅濃度，呢樣嘢係內皮{{Internal link helper/en|一氧化氮合酶|Nitric oxide synthase}}嘅輔因子，可以促進[[一氧化氮]]呢種強效血管擴張劑嘅產生。維他命C補充劑亦都可能逆轉一氧化氮合酶抑制劑{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|NG-單甲基-L-精氨酸1|Methylarginine}}|NG-monomethyl-L-arginine 1}}，而且亦都有證據話，維他命C可以直接噉加強一氧化氮嘅生物活性<ref name=Guan2020 />。 === 普通傷風 === [[File:Linus Pauling.jpg|alt=1955 black-and-white photo of Nobel Prize winner, Linus Pauling.|thumb|upright|諾貝爾獎得主[[鮑林]]喺{{Internal link helper/en|1970年出版嘅著作|Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)}}入面提倡服用維他命C嚟醫[[傷風]]。]] 對[[傷風]]入面嘅維他命C研究主要集中喺預防、持續時間同嚴重程度嘅影響呢３方面。長期每日口服超過200mg嘅維他命C對預防普通傷風冇效果。就算將分析限制喺每日至少用1,000mg嘅試驗亦都發現唔到有任何預防嘅效益。不過，定期服用維他命C補充劑確實可以令成年人平均病情嘅持續時間縮短咗8%，而細路就縮短咗14%，仲減輕咗傷風嘅嚴重性<ref name=Hem2013>{{cite journal |vauthors = Hemilä H, Chalker E |title = Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold |journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue = 1 |article-number= CD000980 |date = January 2013 |volume = 2013 |pmid = 23440782 |doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 |pmc = 1160577}}</ref>。定期服用維他命C可以減少嚴重症狀嘅持續時間，但對輕度症狀嘅持續時間就冇影響<ref name=Hem2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemilä H, Chalker E |title=Vitamin C reduces the severity of common colds: a meta-analysis |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=23 |issue=1 |article-number=2468 |date=December 2023 |pmid=38082300 |pmc=10712193 |doi=10.1186/s12889-023-17229-8 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。治療性用藥，即係話喺出現傷風嘅初期症狀嗰陣時先至開始服用維他命C，對病情嘅持續時間或者嚴重程度都冇影響<ref name="Hem2013" />。 === 新冠肺炎 === {{see also|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎藥物再利用研究§維他命C|COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research#Vitamin_C}}|{{Internal link helper/en|新冠肺炎疫情相關錯誤資訊§維他命C|COVID-19_misinformation#Vitamin_C}}}} 2020年3-7月，維他命C因為聲稱可以用嚟預防同埋/或者治療COVID-19嘅成份比起任何其他成分都要多而收到美國FDA嘅警告信<ref name="pmid33001378">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bramstedt KA |title=Unicorn poo and blessed waters: COVID-19 quackery and FDA Warning Letters |journal=Ther Innov Regul Sci |date=October 2020 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=239–44 |pmid=33001378 |pmc=7528445 |doi=10.1007/s43441-020-00224-1 }}</ref>。2021年4月，美國{{Internal link helper/en|美國國家衛生院|National Institutes of Health}}（NIH）嘅COVID-19治療指南話，「而家仲未有足夠嘅數據去支持或者反對去用維他命C嚟預防或治療COVID-19<ref name="COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines-2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |website=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines |date=April 21, 2021 |access-date=January 2, 2022 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。」喺2022年12月發布嘅更新入面，NIH嘅立場保持唔變： * 新冠肺炎治療指南小組（以下簡稱做「小組」）冇足夠的證據去建議或者反對用維他命C去醫非住院嘅新冠肺炎病人； * 小組冇足夠嘅證據去建議或反對用維他命C嚟醫住院嘅新冠肺炎病人<ref name="U.S. National Institutes of Health-2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ |title=COVID-19 treatment guidelines |date=December 26, 2022 |website=U.S. National Institutes of Health |access-date=December 18, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120131306/https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/supplements/vitamin-c/ }}</ref>。 針對因為嚴重COVID-19而住院嘅病人，有報告話，相對於唔食維他命C，食維他命C會顯著噉降低全因死亡風險同住院死亡率。兩組病人喺呼吸通氣發生率、留院時間或留喺重症加護病房（ICU）嘅時間方面冇顯著嘅差異。大部分納入呢啲元分析嘅試驗都係採用咗靜脈注射維他命C<ref name=Kow2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kow CS, Hasan SS, Ramachandram DS |title=The effect of vitamin C on the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=Inflammopharmacology |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=3357–62 |date=December 2023 |pmid= 37071316|pmc=10111321 |doi=10.1007/s10787-023-01200-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Huang2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Huang WY, Hong J, Ahn SI, Han BK, Kim YJ |title=Association of vitamin C treatment with clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Healthcare |volume=10 |issue=12 |date=December 2022 |page=2456 |pmid=36553979 |pmc=9777834 |doi=10.3390/healthcare10122456 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Olczak2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Olczak-Pruc M, Swieczkowski D, Ladny JR, Pruc M, Juarez-Vela R, Rafique Z, Peacock FW, Szarpak L |title=Vitamin C supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=October 2022 |page=4217 |pmid=36235869 |pmc=9570769 |doi=10.3390/nu14194217 |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。用咗維他命C治療嘅病人嚟講，急性腎損傷嘅發生率低啲。因為維他命而引起嘅其他副作用嘅發生率亦都冇差異<ref name=Olczak2022 />。結論係，喺發布更新嘅指引同建議之前，需要做更多大規模嘅研究嚟確認呢樣嘢對降低死亡率嘅好處<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 /><ref name=Olczak2022 />。 === 癌症 === 維他命C攝取高啲似乎可以降低患[[肺癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid25145261">{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo J, Shen L, Zheng D | title = Association between vitamin C intake and lung cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 4 | article-number = 6161 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25145261 | pmc = 5381428 | doi = 10.1038/srep06161 | bibcode = 2014NatSR...4.6161L }}</ref>。冇證據話補充維他命C可以減低[[前列腺癌]]<ref name="Stratton J, Godwin M 243–52">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stratton J, Godwin M | title = The effect of supplemental vitamins and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Family Practice | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 243–52 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21273283 | doi = 10.1093/fampra/cmq115 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、[[結腸癌]]<ref name="pmid25335850">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heine-Bröring RC, Winkels RM, Renkema JM, Kragt L, van Orten-Luiten AC, Tigchelaar EF, Chan DS, Norat T, Kampman E |title=Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=136 |issue=10 |pages=2388–401 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25335850 |doi=10.1002/ijc.29277 |s2cid=44706004 |url=https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/dietary-supplement-use-and-colorectal-cancer-risk-a-systematic-re}}</ref>，或者[[乳癌]]嘅風險<ref name="pmid21761132">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fulan H, Changxing J, Baina WY, Wencui Z, Chunqing L, Fan W, Dandan L, Dianjun S, Tong W, Da P, Yashuang Z | title = Retinol, vitamins A, C, and E and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 22 | issue = 10 | pages = 1383–96 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21761132 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-011-9811-y | s2cid = 24867472 }}</ref>。 === 心血管疾病 === 雖然血液循環維他命C水平或者飲食嘅維他命C攝取量高啲可能同中風風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid24284213">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF | title = Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies | journal = J Am Heart Assoc | volume = 2 | issue = 6 | article-number = e000329 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24284213 | pmc = 3886767 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329 }}</ref>，不過而家仲未有證據話補充維他命C可以降低心血管疾病嘅風險<ref name="pmid28301692">{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khudairy L, Flowers N, Wheelhouse R, Ghannam O, Hartley L, Stranges S, Eres K | title = Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | article-number= CD011114 | date = March 2017 | issue = 3 | pmid = 28301692 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD011114.pub2 | pmc = 6464316 }}</ref>。當每日食嘅劑量大過500mg嗰陣，維他命C對{{Internal link helper/en|內皮功能障礙|Endothelial dysfunction}}有正面嘅作用（內皮係１層喺血管裏面嘅表面排列嘅細胞<ref name="pmid24792921">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ashor AW, Lara J, Mathers JC, Siervo M | title = Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Atherosclerosis | volume = 235 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24792921 | doi = 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 }}</ref>）。 === 眼睛健康 === 飲食裏面嘅維他命C攝入量高啲同年齡相關嘅白內障風險低啲有關<ref name="pmid30878580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sideri O, Tsaousis KT, Li HJ, Viskadouraki M, Tsinopoulos IT |title=The potential role of nutrition on lens pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Surv Ophthalmol |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=668–78 |date=2019 |pmid=30878580 |doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.03.003 |s2cid=81981938 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jiang H, Yin Y, Wu CR, Liu Y, Guo F, Li M, Ma L |title=Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract |journal=Am J Clin Nutr |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=43–54 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30624584 |doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy270 |url=|doi-access=free }}</ref>。維他命C補充劑並唔能夠預防年齡相關嘅眼部黃斑病變<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans JR, Lawrenson JG |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=2017 |issue=7 |article-number=CD000253 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28756617 |pmc=6483250 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 |url=}}</ref>。 === 缺鐵 === [[鐵缺乏性貧血]]嘅其中１個原因係[[鐵質]]嘅吸收減少。鐵質嘅吸收可以透過攝取含鐵嘅嘢食或補充劑嘅同時一齊補充維他命C嚟增強。維他命C有助鐵質還原喺亞鐵狀態，呢種狀態嘅溶解度更高，亦都更容易被吸收。呢樣嘢仲會將鐵{{Internal link helper/en|螯合|Chelation}}成可溶性複合物<ref name="pmid28189173">{{cite journal | vauthors = DeLoughery TG | title = Iron Deficiency Anemia | journal = The Medical Clinics of North America | volume = 101 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28189173 | doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.09.004 | type = Review }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，呢樣嘢特別幫到手去吸收非血紅素鐵<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Heffernan A, Evans C, Holmes M, Moore J |title=The Regulation of Dietary Iron Bioavailability by Vitamin C: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=2017 |volume=76 |issue=OCE4 |article-number=E182 |doi=10.1017/S0029665117003445}}</ref>，非血紅素鐵存在喺非肉類來源入面，仲透過{{Internal link helper/en|DMT1|Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2}}受體嚟吸收<ref name="pmid28189173"/>。 === 牙周病 === 維他命C攝入量低同血清濃度低同[[牙周病]]嘅進展有更加大嘅關係<ref name="pmid38245765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mi N, Zhang M, Ying Z, Lin X, Jin Y |title=Vitamin intake and periodontal disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=BMC Oral Health |volume=24 |issue=1 |article-number=117 |date=January 2024 |pmid=38245765 |pmc=10799494 |doi=10.1186/s12903-024-03850-5 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid31336735">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tada A, Miura H |title=The relationship between vitamin C and periodontal diseases: A systematic review |journal=Int J Environ Res Public Health |volume=16 |issue=14 |date=July 2019 |page=2472 |pmid=31336735 |pmc=6678404 |doi=10.3390/ijerph16142472 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 === 壞血病 === {{main|壞血病}} 壞血病係１種由缺乏維他命C而引起嘅病。如果冇呢種維他命，身體製造嘅[[膠原蛋白]]就會太唔穩定，冇辦法發揮佢嘅功能，而身體裏面其他幾種[[酵素]]就冇辦法正常噉運作。缺乏維他命C嘅早期症狀係唔舒服同埋冇精神，跟住發展到呼吸短促、骨痛同埋容易有瘀傷。隨住病情發展，呢種病嘅特徵係皮膚上面會出現{{Internal link helper/en|角化過度|Hyperkeratosis|斑點}}同[[瘀斑|皮下出血]]，牙齦亦都會出血。皮膚病變最常見喺[[大髀]]同[[腳膼]]。病人睇落去面色蒼白，覺得抑鬱，同埋活動受限而唔郁。壞血病晚期嘅病人會出現發燒、舊傷口可能會裂開同有[[膿]]、甩[[牙]]、抽搐，最後會死亡。因為健康嘅膠原蛋白會用維他命C補充嚟取代有缺陷嘅膠原蛋白，所以呢種病嘅損傷直到病嘅後期都係可以逆轉嘅<ref name=lpi2018 /><ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref name="pmid21402244">{{cite journal | vauthors = Magiorkinis E, Beloukas A, Diamantis A | title = Scurvy: past, present and future. | journal = The European Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 147–52 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21402244 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.10.006}}</ref>。 喺[[第二次世界大戰]]嗰陣，英國對{{Internal link helper/en|良心拒服兵役者|Conscientious objector}}做咗１項關於實驗誘發壞血病嘅出名人體飲食研究；而喺1960年代尾去到1980年代，美國愛荷華州監獄亦都對囚犯做咗類似嘅研究。監獄研究入面嘅男性喺開始冇維他命C飲食之後大約４個禮拜之後就出現咗第１個壞血病嘅跡象，而喺早期嘅英國研究入面需要６-８個月嘅時間，呢個可能係因為呢個組別喺開始壞血病飲食之前持續６個禮拜每日預先補充咗70mg嘅維他命C補充劑。兩項研究入面嘅男性喺佢哋出現壞血病跡象嗰陣時，血液裏面嘅抗壞血酸水平低到冇辦法可以準確測量得到。呢兩項研究報告都話，只要每日補充10mg嘅維他命C，所有明顯嘅壞血病症狀都可以完全逆轉<ref name="pmid4977512">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hodges RE, Baker EM, Hood J, Sauberlich HE, March SC | title = Experimental scurvy in man | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 535–48 | date = May 1969 | pmid = 4977512 | doi = 10.1093/ajcn/22.5.535}}</ref><ref name="pmid16510534">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pemberton J | title = Medical experiments carried out in Sheffield on conscientious objectors to military service during the 1939-45 war | journal = International Journal of Epidemiology | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 556–8 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16510534 | doi = 10.1093/ije/dyl020 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。壞​​血病嘅治療方法包括食用含維他命C嘅嘢食，或者係透過膳食補充劑又或者係注射<ref name=AHFS2016/><ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|page=101}}。 === 敗血症 === {{main|敗血病}} 敗血症病人可能會有包括維他命C濃度低嘅微量營養素缺乏<ref name="pmid29984680">{{cite journal | vauthors = Belsky JB, Wira CR, Jacob V, Sather JE, Lee PJ | title = A review of micronutrients in sepsis: the role of thiamine, L-carnitine, vitamin C, selenium and vitamin D | journal = Nutrition Research Reviews | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–90 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29984680 | doi = 10.1017/S0954422418000124 | s2cid = 51599526 }}</ref>。靜脈注射嘅劑量高過RDA好多，敗血症病人似乎需要每日攝取3克或以上嘅維他命C先至可以維持正常嘅血漿濃度，因為炎症反應同埋{{Internal link helper/en|氧化壓力|Oxidative stress}}會加強，令到身體對維他命C嘅需求可能會大幅噉增加<ref name="pmid30452091">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langlois PL, Manzanares W, Adhikari NK, Lamontagne F, Stoppe C, Hill A, Heyland DK |title=Vitamin C Administration to the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=335–346 |date=March 2019 |pmid=30452091 |doi=10.1002/jpen.1471 |url=}}</ref><ref name=Liang2023/><ref name="pmid25635594">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berger MM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM |title=Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient |journal=Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25635594 |doi=10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148 |s2cid=37895257 |url=}}</ref>。靜脈注射維他命C可能會降低敗血症嘅死亡率<ref name="pmid37111066">{{cite journal |vauthors=Xu C, Yi T, Tan S, Xu H, Hu Y, Ma J, Xu J |title=Association of oral or intravenous vitamin C supplementation with mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=15 |issue=8 |date=April 2023 |page=1848 |pmid=37111066 |pmc=10146309 |doi=10.3390/nu15081848 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid37599680">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang H, Mu Q, Sun W, Liu L, Qiu S, Xu Z, Cui Y, Yan Y, Sun T |title=Effect of intravenous vitamin C on adult septic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Front Nutr |volume=10 |issue= |article-number=1211194 |date=2023 |pmid=37599680 |pmc=10437115 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2023.1211194 |doi-access=free |url=}}</ref>。 維他命C可以喺高濃度下好快噉分佈去到[[免疫系統]]嘅細胞裏面，促進{{Internal link helper/en|自然殺傷細胞|Natural killer cell}}嘅活性，同促進[[淋巴細胞]]嘅增殖，而且喺感染嗰陣好快就消耗晒，呢啲作用表明呢樣嘢喺免疫系統功能入面發揮重要嘅作用<ref name="Wintergerst-2006">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH | s2cid = 21756498 | title = Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions | journal = Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16373990 | doi = 10.1159/000090495 | url = http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | access-date = August 25, 2019 | archive-date = July 22, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722160530/http://doc.rero.ch/record/303675/files/S0029665108006927.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>。{{Internal link helper/en|歐洲食品安全局|European Food Safety Authority}}得出結論話，成年人同３歲以下細路嘅維他命C攝取量同正常免疫系統嘅功能之間存在住[[因果關係]]<ref name="efsa09">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 129, 138, 143, 148), antioxidant function of lutein (ID 146), maintenance of vision (ID 141, 142), collagen formation (ID 130, 131, 136, 137, 149), function of the nervous system (ID 133), function of the immune system (ID 134), function of the immune system during and after extreme physical exercise (ID 144), non-haem iron absorption (ID 132, 147), energy-yielding metabolism (ID 135), and relief in case of irritation in the upper respiratory tract (ID 1714, 1715) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=7 |issue=9 |year=2009 |page=1226 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1226| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="efsa15">{{cite journal |author=EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies |title=Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 |journal=EFSA Journal |year=2015 |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=4298 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4298| doi-access = free | title-link = doi |hdl=11380/1296052 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>。 === ２型糖尿病 === 有啲評論係矛盾嘅。由１個角度嚟睇，維他命C補充係唔可以建議用嚟管理{{Internal link helper/en|２型糖尿病|Type 2 diabetes}}<ref name="mason">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD |title=Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in people With type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=618–30 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33472962 |doi=10.2337/dc20-1893 |url=https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |doi-access=free |title-link=doi |hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30147432 |hdl-access=free |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121044253/https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/2/618/35482/Effects-of-Vitamin-C-Supplementation-on-Glycemic |url-status=live }}</ref>。不過，另一份報告話，補充高劑量嘅維他命C可以降低{{Internal link helper/en|即時血糖檢測|Glucose test|血糖}}、[[胰島素]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|糖化血紅蛋白A1c|Glycated hemoglobin}}<ref name="nos">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O |title=The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome |volume=17 |issue=8 |article-number=102824 |date=August 2023 |pmid=37523928 |doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824 |s2cid=259581695 }}</ref>。 == 副作用 == 口服攝入超過需要量嘅維他命C補充劑係會吸收得唔好<ref name="NIH2021">{{cite web |title=Vitamin C: Fact sheet for health professionals |url=https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |publisher=Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health |date=March 26, 2021 |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730052126/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ |url-status=live }}</ref>，而血液入面過量嘅維他命C會好快噉經過喺尿液度排出嚟，所以維他命C嘅急性毒性就會低啲<ref name=lpi2018 />。口服超過2-3克嘅維他命C可能會引起反胃、腹部絞痛同埋肚痾。呢啲症狀歸因喺未吸收嘅維他命C經過腸道嗰陣時嘅滲透作用<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156}}。理論上，高劑量嘅維他命C攝入可能會搞到鐵質嘅過量吸收。一項針對健康受試者嘅補充評論摘要冇報告過呢個問題，但係對於遺傳性{{Internal link helper/en|血色素沉著症|Iron overload}}病人可能會受到副作用影響嘅可能性，嗰份評論未做進一步研究<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|158}}。 喺20世紀，啲人曾經認為過，過量嘅維他命C補充劑會增加患[[腎石]]嘅風險<ref name=BattlingQuackery>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goodwin JS, Tangum MR | title = Battling quackery: attitudes about micronutrient supplements in American academic medicine | journal = Archives of Internal Medicine | volume = 158 | issue = 20 | pages = 2187–91 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9818798 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.158.20.2187 }}</ref>。不過，更加近期嘅有《關於過量攝取抗壞血酸導致腎結石形成只限於腎病患者的報告》<ref name="DRItext" />{{rp|156–157}}。2003年嘅一份評論指出「流行病學研究嘅數據唔支持過量嘅抗壞血酸攝入量同表面上健康嘅個體形成腎結石之間嘅關係」<ref name=VCreview2003>{{cite journal | vauthors = Naidu KA | title = Vitamin C in human health and disease is still a mystery? An overview | journal = Nutrition Journal | volume = 2 | issue = 7 | article-number = 7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 14498993 | pmc = 201008 | doi = 10.1186/1475-2891-2-7 | url = http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120918153239/http://www.nutritionj.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-2-7.pdf | url-status = live | archive-date = September 18, 2012 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。１篇2022年嘅評論發現，淨係得有限嘅證據顯示維他命C補充可以會搞到有腎結石<ref name="oconnor">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS |title=Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force |journal=JAMA |volume=327 |issue=23 |pages=2334–2347 |date=June 2022 |pmid=35727272 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.15650 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2793447}}</ref>。 有廣泛嘅研究指出話關於維他命C靜脈注射對醫敗血症<ref name=Liang2023>{{cite journal |vauthors=Liang B, Su J, Shao H, Chen H, Xie B |title=The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=Crit Care |volume=27 |issue=1 |article-number=109 |date=March 2023 |pmid=36915173 |pmc=10012592 |doi=10.1186/s13054-023-04392-y |url= | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>、嚴重新冠肺炎<ref name=Kow2023 /><ref name=Huang2022 />，同埋癌症<ref name="Jacobs2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M |date=February 2015 |title=Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review |journal=The Oncologist |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=210–23 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0381 |pmc=4319640 |pmid=25601965}}</ref>都有潛在嘅好處。評論列出咗每日劑量高達24g嘅試驗<ref name=Kow2023 />。 對於有可能出現嘅不良反應嘅擔憂係，高劑量嘅維他命C靜脈注射會搞到維他命C超出生理水平，跟住氧化降解產生脫氫抗壞血酸，因為噉而產生酸鹽，從而增加咗草酸鈣腎結石同埋草酸鹽腎病嘅風險。因為腎臟會有效噉排出多餘咗嘅維他命C，所以[[腎衰竭]]嘅人風險可能會高啲。第２，對於[[蠶豆症]]病人，佢哋應該避免去用維他命C嘅高劑量治療，因為呢樣嘢會搞到急性[[溶血]]。第３，因為維他命C同[[葡萄醣]]都有相似嘅分子結構，治療可能會干擾咗血糖計測量血糖水平嘅準確性，可能搞到會出現假性嘅血糖讀數偏高。就算有呢啲擔憂，但係對重症加護病房裡面嘅敗血症、敗血性休克、新冠肺炎同其他急性病症病人嘅元分析報告話，對於接受短期高劑量靜脈注射維他命C嘅病人嚟講，新發作嘅腎結石、急性腎損傷或者需要腎臟替代治療都冇增加到。呢個表明咗維他命C靜脈注射喺呢啲短期應用下係安全嘅<ref name="pmid34684565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Sedhai YR, Mandal SK, Shikhrakar S, Karki S, Baniya RK, Kashiouris MG, Qiao X, Fowler AA |title=Vitamin C in critically ill patients: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Nutrients |volume=13 |issue=10 |date=October 2021 |page=3564 |pmid=34684565 |pmc=8539952 |doi=10.3390/nu13103564 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34833042">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holford P, Carr AC, Zawari M, Vizcaychipi MP |title=Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence |journal=Life |volume=11 |issue=11 |date=November 2021 |page=1166 |pmid=34833042 |pmc=8624950 |doi=10.3390/life11111166 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi |bibcode=2021Life...11.1166H |url=}}</ref><ref name=Abobaker2020>{{cite journal |vauthors=Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AH |title=Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 |journal=Pharmacol Rep |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1517–28 |date=December 2020 |pmid=33113146 |pmc=7592143 |doi=10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1 |url=}}</ref>。 == 歷史 == 有「西方醫學之父」稱號嘅[[希波克拉底]]知道[[壞血病]]嘅存在，喺佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|先知書|Prorrheticorum}}》第２卷，同埋《{{ruby-yue|論內在情感|Liber de internis affectionibus}}》入面都有形容，{{ruby-yue|詹姆斯·林德|James Lind}}都引用過<ref name="Lind-1772">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J | title = A Treatise on the Scurvy | location = London, England | publisher = G. Pearch and W. Woodfall | date= 1772 | edition = 3rd | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseonscurvy1772lind/page/285 | page = 285 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=T1OT3tYmh5wC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285 | archive-date=January 1, 2016 }}</ref>。[[老普林尼]]亦都形容過壞血病嘅症狀：(i) {{ruby-yue|普林尼|Pliny}}嘅《{{ruby-yue|自然史|Naturalis historiae}}》第３輯第49頁；（ii）{{ruby-yue|斯特拉波|Strabo}}，《{{ruby-yue|地理誌|Geographicorum}}》第16輯，引自1881年嘅《{{ruby-yue|國際外科百科全書|International Encyclopedia of Surgery}}》<ref name="William Wood and Co.-1881">{{cite encyclopedia | veditors = Ashhurst J | title = The International Encyclopedia of Surgery | volume = 1 | location = New York, New York | publisher = William Wood and Co. | date = 1881 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278 | page = 278 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505051643/https://books.google.com/books?id=mDV11NpZyNgC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278 | archive-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref>。 === 海上嘅壞血病 === [[File:James Lind by Chalmers.jpg|thumb|left|1747年，英國皇家海軍嘅外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|占士·林德|James Lind}}喺第１個記錄到嘅其中一個[[科學對照|對照實驗]]入面，發現到生果嘅某種質素可以預防壞血病<ref name="Baron2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baron JH | title = Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind--a reassessment | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 67 | issue = 6 | pages = 315–32 | date = June 2009 | pmid = 19519673 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x | s2cid = 20435128 }}</ref>。]] 喺1497年[[達伽馬]]嘅遠航裡面，啲人已經了解咗柑橘類生果嘅療效<ref name="pmid11581484">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajakumar K | title = Infantile scurvy: a historical perspective | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = E76 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11581484 | doi = 10.1542/peds.108.4.e76 | url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150904021206/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/4/e76.full | archive-date=September 4, 2015 | quote = As they sailed farther up the east coast of Africa, they met local traders, who traded them fresh oranges. Within six days of eating the oranges, da Gama's crew recovered fully | citeseerx = 10.1.1.566.5857 }}</ref>。喺1500年代，葡萄牙水手停靠喺[[聖海倫娜島]]，利用島上種植嘅菜園嚟種蔬菜同野生果樹<ref name="Livermore-2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Livermore H | title = Santa Helena, a forgotten Portuguese discovery | journal = Estudos Em Homenagem a Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos | trans-journal = Studies in Homage to Luis Antonio de Oliveira Ramos. | date = 2004 | pages = 623–631 | url = http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529065201/http://ler.letras.up.pt/uploads/ficheiros/4999.pdf | archive-date = May 29, 2011 | quote = On returning, Lopes' ship had left him on St Helena, where with admirable sagacity and industry he planted vegetables and nurseries with which passing ships were marvelously sustained. [...] There were 'wild groves' of oranges, lemons and other fruits that ripened all the year round, large pomegranates and figs. }}</ref>。當局偶爾會建議食用植物性食物嚟預防長途海上航行嘅壞血病。英國[[東印度公司]]嘅第１位外科醫生{{Internal link helper/en|約翰·伍德|John Woodall}}喺佢1617年出版嘅書《{{ruby-yue|外科醫生助手|The Surgeon's Mate}}》入面，推薦咗用[[檸檬]]汁嚟做預防同治療嘅作用<ref name="Woodall-1617">{{cite book | vauthors = Woodall J | title = The Surgion's Mate | location = London, England | publisher = Edward Griffin | date = 1617 | page = 89 | url = https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood#page/89/mode/1up | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411083503/https://archive.org/stream/surgionsmateortr00wood | archive-date=April 11, 2016 | quote = Succus Limonum, or juice of Lemons ... [is] the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy[;] to be drunk at all times; ... }}</ref>。1734年，[[荷蘭]]作家{{Internal link helper/en|約翰‧巴赫斯特倫|Johann Bachstrom}}提出咗明確嘅意見話：「壞血病只係因為完全唔食新鮮蔬菜同綠葉菜造成嘅<ref name="Armstrong-1858">{{cite journal | vauthors = Armstrong A |journal=British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery |title=Observation on naval hygiene and scurvy, more particularly as the later appeared during the Polar voyage |volume=22 |pages=295–305 |year=1858 |url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7VJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA295 }}</ref><!--https://books.google.com/books?id=azXx4cbrMZMC&pg=PA74 would also work out--><ref name="Bachstrom-1734">{{cite book | vauthors = Bachstrom JF | title = Observationes circa scorbutum | trans-title = Observations on scurvy | language = Latin | location = Leiden (Lugdunum Batavorum), Netherlands | publisher = Conrad Wishof | date = 1734 | page = 16 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101135046/https://books.google.com/books?id=bj8_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA16 | archive-date = January 1, 2016 | quote = ... sed ex nostra causa optime explicatur, que est absentia, carentia & abstinentia a vegetabilibus recentibus, ... ( ... but [this misfortune] is explained very well by our [supposed] cause, which is the absence of, lack of, and abstinence from fresh vegetables, ... }}</ref>。」喺長途海上航行入面，壞血病一早已經做咗水手嘅其中１種主要死因<ref name="url_BBC_Captain_Cook_Scurvy">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |title=Captain Cook and the scourge of scurvy |publisher=BBC |work=British History in depth | vauthors = Lamb J |date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221073823/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/captaincook_scurvy_01.shtml |archive-date=February 21, 2011 }}</ref>。根據{{ruby-yue|莊拿芬·蘭姆|Jonathan Lamb}}嘅講法，「1499年，達伽馬喺170個船員裡面冇咗116個人；喺1520年，麥哲倫喺230個船員裡面冇咗208個；全部主要都係壞血病<ref name="Lamb-2001">{{cite book | vauthors = Lamb J |title=Preserving the self in the south seas, 1680–1840 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2001 |page=117 |isbn=978-0-226-46849-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430065803/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSoj1DR4ZSMC&pg=&dq |archive-date=April 30, 2016 }}</ref>」 [[File:Wiki Loves Cocktails at WikiCon 2016, 2017 (1Y7A1464).jpg|thumb|upright|青檸、檸檬同埋橙係早期被識別做預防或者用嚟醫長途航行壞血病嘅嘢食。]] 最早試過喺科學角度解釋呢種病嘅病因係英國皇家海軍嘅船醫占士·林德。1747年5月，林德喺海上航行嗰陣，除咗正常嘅糧食之外，每日仲畀啲船員兩個橙同１個檸檬，而另１班船員就繼續同時食用正常嘅糧食，仲會飲[[蘋果酒]]、[[醋]]、[[硫酸]]水或者[[鹹水|海水]]。呢個係世界上最早嘅其中１個對照實驗<ref name="Baron2009" />。結果顯示柑橘可以預防呢個病。林德喺1753年响佢嘅《{{ruby-yue|壞血病論|Treatise on the Scurvy}}》發表咗佢嘅研究成果<ref name="lind_james">{{cite book | vauthors = Lind J |title=A treatise of the scurvy |publisher=A. Millar |location=London |year=1753 }} In the 1757 edition of his work, Lind discusses his experiment starting on {{cite web |title=A treatise of the scurvy | url = https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind#page/149/mode/1up | page = 149 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160320155753/https://archive.org/stream/treatiseonscurvy00lind | archive-date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>。 新鮮生果要擺喺船上面儲存成本好高，而將呢啲嘢煮成汁雖然方便儲存，但係就會將維他命破壞咗（尤其係喺銅壺裡面煮滾嗰陣時）<ref name="Oxford" />。直到1796年，英國海軍喺海上先至將[[檸檬]]汁用嚟做標準海上配給。1845年，西印度群島嘅船開始供應[[青檸]]汁，1860年，青檸汁開始喺皇家海軍全面噉去用，噉樣亦都令美國人起咗「{{ruby-yue|{{Internal link helper/en|酸橙味|Glossary of names for the British#Limey}}|Limey}}」呢個花名畀英國人<ref name="Baron2009" />。[[占士曲船長]]之前已經證明咗喺1772-75年帶住佢嘅船員去太平洋航行，而佢冇因為壞血病而失去任何１個船員，騷到帶咗[[德國酸菜]]上船嘅好處<ref name="isbn0-14-043647-2">{{cite book |vauthors=Beaglehole JH, Cook JD, Edwards PR |title=The journals of Captain Cook |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth [Eng.] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-14-043647-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalsofcaptai00jame }}</ref>。1776年，英國皇家學會憑住佢關於呢個方法嘅報告而頒授予咗{{Internal link helper/en|科普利獎章|Copley Medal}}畀佢<ref name="The Royal Society-2015">{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |title=Copley Medal, past winners |date= |website=The Royal Society |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906190948/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/copley-medal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 「{{ruby-yue|抗壞血|antiscorbutic}}」呢個名喺18世紀同19世紀用嚟做已知可以預防壞血病嘅嘢食。呢啲嘢食包括檸檬、青檸、橙、德國酸菜、捲心菜、[[麥芽]]同埋{{Internal link helper/en|便攜式湯|Portable soup}}<ref name="isbn1-74114-200-8">{{cite book |vauthors=Reeve J, Stevens DA |title=Navy and the nation: the influence of the navy on modern Australia |publisher=Allen & Unwin Academic |year=2006 |page=74 |isbn=978-1-74114-200-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGs6__kbqKIC&pg=PA74 |chapter=Cook's Voyages 1768–1780 }}</ref>。1928年，加拿大北極人類學家{{Internal link helper/en|維爾赫亞爾穆爾·斯特凡臣|Vilhjalmur Stefansson}}嘅研究話，[[伊努熱人]]因為佢哋嘅飲食以生肉為主嚟避免患壞血病。後來對加拿大北部嘅[[育空]]地區[[第一民族|原住民]]、{{Internal link helper/en|甸尼人|Dene}}、伊努熱人同埋[[Métis|梅蒂人]]嘅傳統飲食做嘅研究話，佢哋每日嘅維他命C平均攝入量係喺每日52-62mg之間<ref name="pmid15173410">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O, Soueida R, Egeland GM | title = Arctic indigenous peoples experience the nutrition transition with changing dietary patterns and obesity | journal = The Journal of Nutrition | volume = 134 | issue = 6 | pages = 1447–53 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15173410 | doi = 10.1093/jn/134.6.1447| doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 發現 === {{Further|維他命#歷史}} 維他命C喺1912年被發現，喺1928年分離出嚟，喺1933年被合成，令到呢樣嘢做咗第１個被合成出嚟嘅維他命<ref name=Squires>{{cite book |vauthors=Squires VR |title=The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition - Volume IV |date=2011 |publisher=EOLSS Publications |isbn=978-1-84826-195-2 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111085247/https://books.google.com/books?id=VJWoCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |url-status=live }}</ref>。之後冇幾耐，[[塔德烏什·賴希施泰因]]成功噉透過而家所謂嘅{{Internal link helper/en|賴希斯坦法|Reichstein process}}嘅工藝成功噉批量合成咗維他命C<ref name="pmid356548">{{cite book | vauthors = Stacey M, Manners DJ | title = Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry | chapter = Edmund Langley Hirst | volume = 35 | pages = 1–29 | year = 1978 | pmid = 356548 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60217-6 | isbn = 978-0-12-007235-4 }}</ref>。呢個令到維他命C嘅低成本大規模生產成為有可能嘅事。1934年，[[羅氏大藥廠]]買咗賴希斯坦法工藝嘅專利，用{{Internal link helper/en|維多C|Redoxon}}嚟註冊做合成維他命C嘅商標牌子，仲開始將呢樣嘢用嚟做膳食補充劑去推廣嚟賣<ref name=Roche1934>{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|title=Redoxon trademark information by Hoffman-la Roche, Inc. (1934)|access-date=December 25, 2017|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044212/https://www.trademarkia.com/redoxon-71350953.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wang-2016">{{cite book | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA161 | chapter = Industrial fermentation of Vitamin C | vauthors = Wang W, Xu H | year = 2016 | page = 161 | title = Industrial biotechnology of vitamins, biopigments, and antioxidants | veditors = Vandamme EJ, Revuelta JI | publisher = Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. | isbn = 978-3-527-33734-7 }}</ref>。 1907年，挪威醫生{{Internal link helper/en|阿克塞爾·霍爾斯特|Axel Holst}}同{{Internal link helper/en|西奧多·弗羅利希|Theodor Frølich}}喺研究船上嘅{{Internal link helper/en|腳氣病|Thiamine deficiency}}嗰陣{{Internal link helper/en|意外發現|Serendipity}}咗個幫到手去鑑定抗壞血因子嘅實驗動物模型，佢哋用穀物同麵粉嚟做實驗飼料去餵[[天竺鼠]]，佢哋好驚訝噉發現結果係天竺鼠患嘅係壞血病而唔係腳氣病。當時啲人唔知道嘅係，豚鼠（一種{{Internal link helper/en|豚鼠科動物|Caviomorpha}}）本身冇辦法自己去合成維他命C，而大鼠同小鼠就得<ref name="pmid12555613">{{cite journal | vauthors = Norum KR, Grav HJ | title = [Axel Holst and Theodor Frolich--pioneers in the combat of scurvy] | language = no | journal = Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening | volume = 122 | issue = 17 | pages = 1686–7 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12555613 }}</ref>。1912年，[[波蘭]]生化學家{{Internal link helper/en|卡西米爾·芬克|Casimir Funk}}提出咗[[維他命]]嘅概念，其中１種被認為就係抗壞血病因子。1928年，雖然呢樣嘢嘅化學結構仲未確定得到，呢種因子就被叫做「{{ruby-yue|水溶性C|water-soluble C}}」<ref name="pmid9105273">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosenfeld L | title = Vitamine--vitamin. The early years of discovery | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 680–5 | date = April 1997 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/43.4.680 | pmid = 9105273 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 [[File:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|thumb|right|upright|呢張相係阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉喺1948年影嘅，佢憑住喺生物燃燒過程方面嘅發現，特別係維他命C同埋反丁烯二酸（fumaric acid）嘅催化而攞到1937年嘅諾貝爾醫學獎<ref name="pmid19239412"/>。|alt=Albert Szent-Györgyi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for his research on vitamin C]] 喺1928年—1932年，{{Internal link helper/en|阿爾伯特·聖捷爾吉|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}同{{ruby-yue|約瑟夫·L·斯維爾貝利|Joseph L. Svirbely}}嘅匈牙利團隊，仲有{{Internal link helper/en|查理斯·格蘭·京|Charles Glen King}}嘅美國團隊，佢哋識別咗抗壞血病因子出嚟。聖捷爾吉喺動物腎上腺入面將己糖醛酸分離出嚟，仲懷疑呢啲就係抗壞血因子<ref name="pmid16744896">{{cite journal | vauthors = Svirbely JL, Szent-Györgyi A | title = The chemical nature of vitamin C | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 865–70 | year = 1932 | pmid = 16744896 | pmc = 1260981 | doi = 10.1126/science.75.1944.357-a | bibcode = 1932Sci....75..357K }}</ref>。喺1931年年尾，聖捷爾吉將佢最後１種喺腎上腺衍生嘅己醣醛酸交咗畀斯維爾貝利，仲暗示呢樣嘢可能係抗壞血病因子。 去到1932年春天，京嘅實驗室證實呢個事實，但係發表結果嗰陣時就冇歸功畀聖捷爾吉。呢個引發咗１場關於優先權嘅激烈爭議<ref name="pmid16744896" />。1933年，{{Internal link helper/en|諾文·哈禾夫|Norman Haworth}}透過化學驗證嘅方法鑑定出呢種維他命係{{ruby-yue|L-己醣醛酸|l-hexuronic acid}}，仲喺同年透過合成實驗嚟證實咗呢１點<ref name="pmid11963399">{{cite journal | vauthors = Juhász-Nagy S | title = [Albert Szent-Györgyi--biography of a free genius] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 143 | issue = 12 | pages = 611–4 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11963399 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4589872">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kenéz J | title = [Eventful life of a scientist. 80th birthday of Nobel prize winner Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = de | journal = Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 115 | issue = 51 | pages = 2324–6 | date = December 1973 | pmid = 4589872 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4612454">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szállási A | title = [2 interesting early articles by Albert Szent-Györgyi] | language = hu | journal = Orvosi Hetilap | volume = 115 | issue = 52 | pages = 3118–9 | date = December 1974 | pmid = 4612454 }}</ref><ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi">{{cite web |url=http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |title=The Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers: Szeged, 1931-1947: Vitamin C, Muscles, and WWII |work=Profiles in Science |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505232208/http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/WG/Views/Exhibit/narrative/szeged.html |archive-date=May 5, 2009 }}</ref>。哈禾夫同聖捷爾吉提出將L-己醣醛酸命名做α-抗壞血酸，化學上嘅名係L-抗壞血酸，嚟紀念呢樣嘢對抗壞血病嘅功效<ref name="url_NLM_Profiles_Szent-Gyorgyi"/><ref name=Squires />。呢個術語嘅詞源嚟自拉丁語，「a-」意思係「離開」或者「脫離」，而「-scorbic」就嚟自同壞血病有關嘅中世紀拉丁語「scorbuticus」，同埋古北歐語「skyrbjugr」、法語「scorbut」、荷蘭語「scheurbuik」，同埋低級德文「scharbock」同源<ref name="Online Entymology Dictionary-2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |title=Scurvy |publisher=Online Entymology Dictionary |access-date=November 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215135611/https://www.etymonline.com/word/scurvy |url-status=live }}</ref>。聖捷爾吉憑住呢項發現而榮獲1937年嘅[[諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎|諾貝爾醫學獎]]<ref name="pmid19239412">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zetterström R | title = Nobel Prize 1937 to Albert von Szent-Györgyi: identification of vitamin C as the anti-scorbutic factor | journal = Acta Paediatrica | volume = 98 | issue = 5 | pages = 915–19 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19239412 | doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01239.x | s2cid = 11077461 }}</ref>，而哈禾夫亦都分享咗嗰年嘅[[諾貝爾化學獎]]<ref name="pmid15416703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirst EL |title=Sir Norman Haworth |journal=Nature |volume=165 |issue=4198 |page=587 |date=April 1950 |pmid=15416703 |doi=10.1038/165587a0 |bibcode=1950Natur.165..587H |url=}}</ref>。 1957年，J·J·{{ruby-yue|伯恩斯|Burns}}發現某喺哺乳動物容易患壞血病，因為佢哋嘅[[肝|肝臟]]冇辦法產生１種叫做{{Internal link helper/en|L-古洛糖酸內酯氧化酶|L-gulonolactone oxidase}}嘅[[酵素]]，呢個係合成維他命C嘅４種酶鏈入面嘅最後１種<ref name="pmid13385237">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Evans C | title = The synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in the rat from D-glucuronolactone and L-gulonolactone | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 897–905 | date = December 1956 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65088-4 | pmid = 13385237 | url = https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | doi-access = free | title-link = doi | format = PDF | access-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-date = December 3, 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231846/https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65088-4/pdf | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="pmid13380431">{{cite journal | vauthors = Burns JJ, Moltz A, Peyser P | title = Missing step in guinea pigs required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid | journal = Science | volume = 124 | issue = 3232 | pages = 1148–9 | date = December 1956 | pmid = 13380431 | doi = 10.1126/science.124.3232.1148-a | bibcode = 1956Sci...124.1148B }}</ref>。美國生物化學家{{Internal link helper/en|歐文‧史東|Irwin Stone}}係第１個利用維他命C嘅食品防腐特性嘅人。佢後來發展出１個諗法，即係人類擁有１種l- 古洛內酯氧化酶編碼基因嘅突變形式<ref name="pmid1672383">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henson DE, Block G, Levine M | title = Ascorbic acid: biologic functions and relation to cancer | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 83 | issue = 8 | pages = 547–50 | date = April 1991 | pmid = 1672383 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/83.8.547 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | access-date = March 18, 2020 | archive-date = December 25, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201225062602/https://zenodo.org/record/1234351 | url-status = live | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。史東向{{ruby-yue|萊納斯·保林|Linus Pauling}}介紹咗呢個理論，即係為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類需要嘅維他命C攝取遠高過當時建議嘅每日攝取量<ref name=IrwinStone>{{cite web |url=http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |title=Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of fame - Irwin Stone, Ph.D. | vauthors = Saul A |date= |website=Orthomolecular Organization |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809145751/http://www.orthomolecular.org/history/index.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 2008年，研究人員發現人類同其他靈長類動物嘅[[紅血球]]已經進化出１個將氧化咗嘅<small>L</small>-脫氫抗壞血酸（DHA）重新轉化做抗壞血酸嘅機制嚟畀身體再用，噉樣就可以更加有效率噉利用身體入面存在嘅維他命C。呢個機制並冇發現喺自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物身上出現<ref name="pmid18358815">{{cite journal | vauthors = Montel-Hagen A, Kinet S, Manel N, Mongellaz C, Prohaska R, Battini JL, Delaunay J, Sitbon M, Taylor N |s2cid = 18128118 |title = Erythrocyte Glut1 triggers dehydroascorbic acid uptake in mammals unable to synthesize vitamin C |journal = Cell |volume = 132 |issue = 6 |pages = 1039–48 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18358815 |doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.042| doi-access = | title-link = doi }}</ref>。 === 高劑量療法嘅歷史 === {{Further|{{Internal link helper/en|高劑量維他命C|Vitamin C megadosage}}|{{Internal link helper/en|靜脈注射抗壞血酸|Intravenous ascorbic acid}}}} 高劑量維他命C係指攝取或者注射維他命C嘅劑量，相當或者高過晒能夠自身合成維他命C嘅哺乳類動物肝臟所產生嘅量。呢個論點雖然唔係實際嘅用語，不過[[鮑林]]喺1970年嘅１篇文章入面闡述咗支持呢個觀點嘅論點。簡單嚟講，佢嘅觀點係，為咗達到最佳嘅健康狀態，人類應該每日攝取至少2,300mg嘅維他命C嚟彌補自身冇辦法合成維他命C嘅不足。呢個建議亦都同１種同人類親緣關係近啲但都係自身冇辦法合成維他命C嘅大猩猩嘅攝取量範圍相符<ref name=pmid5275366>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pauling L | title = Evolution and the need for ascorbic acid | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 67 | issue = 4 | pages = 1643–8 | date = December 1970 | pmid = 5275366 | pmc = 283405 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.67.4.1643 | bibcode = 1970PNAS...67.1643P | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。第２個支持高攝入量嘅論點係，血清抗壞血酸濃度會跟住攝取量嘅增加而升高，直到當攝取量超過1,250mg之後，濃度就會穩定喺大約190-200個μmol/L嘅水平<ref name=Mandl2009>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mandl J, Szarka A, Bánhegyi G | title = Vitamin C: update on physiology and pharmacology | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 157 | issue = 7 | pages = 1097–110 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19508394 | pmc = 2743829 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00282.x }}</ref>。正如上面所指出嘅噉，政府建議嘅劑量範圍喺每日40-110mg，而正常血漿嘅濃度大約喺每升50個μmol，所以「正常」濃度大約係口服劑量喺建議嘅高劑量範圍裡面可以達到嘅25%。 鮑林喺1970年普及咗高劑量維他命C用嚟預防同埋去醫普通傷風嘅概念，佢喺幾年之後提出維他命C可以用嚟預防心血管疾病，而最初每日10g噉靜脈注射維他命C，之後口服，可以醫得好末期癌症<ref name="pmid1068480">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cameron E, Pauling L | title = Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 73 | issue = 10 | pages = 3685–9 | date = October 1976 | pmid = 1068480 | pmc = 431183 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3685| bibcode = 1976PNAS...73.3685C | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>。高劑量噉去服用抗壞血酸都有其他支持者，包括化學家歐文‧史東<ref name=IrwinStone/>同埋好有爭議性嘅{{Internal link helper/en|馬蒂亞斯‧拉夫|Matthias Rath}}同埋{{Internal link helper/en|帕德里克‧霍福德|Patrick Holford}}，佢哋兩個曾經都被指控喺為咗去醫癌症同[[HIV]]感染而提出冇證實過嘅治療療法<ref name="Boseley-2008">{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/matthiasrath.aids2 |title=Fall of the vitamin doctor: Matthias Rath drops libel action | vauthors = Boseley S |date=September 12, 2008 |website=The Guardian |access-date=January 5, 2024 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201225117/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/matthiasrath.aids2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Colquhoun-2007">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/aug/15/endarkenment |title=The age of endarkenment &#124; Science &#124; guardian.co.uk |newspaper=Guardian |date=August 15, 2007 |access-date=January 5, 2024 | vauthors = Colquhoun D |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306023533/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/aug/15/endarkenment |url-status=live }}</ref>。就算喺鮑林嘅開創性論文發表咗之後大約卌年之後，大劑量嘅抗壞血酸靜脈注射可以改善末期癌症嘅結果又或者改善化療嘅毒性—呢個諗法仍然被認為係未經證實，仍然需要去做高質素嘅研究嚟驗證<ref name="Barret-2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pauling.html |title=The dark side of Linus Pauling's legacy| vauthors = Barret S |date=September 14, 2014|website=www.quackwatch.org|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180904155649/https://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pauling.html |archive-date=September 4, 2018|access-date=December 18, 2018}}{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref name=Wil2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson MK, Baguley BC, Wall C, Jameson MB, Findlay MP | title = Review of high-dose intravenous vitamin C as an anticancer agent | journal = Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 22–37 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 24571058 | doi = 10.1111/ajco.12173 | s2cid = 206983069 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name=Jacobs2015 />。 == 註 == <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{Reflist}} [[Category:維他命]] ihu5uqf2kzpnaxmu82qe781soup0o0f 0 55960 2416334 1869785 2026-06-05T01:43:52Z HenryLi 14 通。修。源 2416334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HK SYP 西營盤 Sai Ying Pun 薄扶林道 Pok Fu Lam Road shop 叁去壹點心粉麵飯 Saam Hui Yaat Dim Sum Noodle Rice Restaurant August 2022 Px3 03.jpg|thumb|312x312px]] '''叁去壹茶樓'''，正名'''叁去壹點心粉麵飯'''，係[[香港]][[茶樓]]，喺[[香港島]][[西營盤]]，地址[[西環]][[薄扶林道]]11號，近前[[西區裁判法院]]同[[西營盤郵政局]]之間，得個[[鋪位]]，連埋[[廚房]][[廁所]]。 茶樓入面可以搵到好多[[1980年代]]之前嘅[[集體回憶]]，包括[[裝修]]、[[設施]]同[[嘢食]]。[[早茶]]客多數都係[[中年男人]]，佢哋鍾意[[搭枱]]同[[插咀]]。[[食晏]]時有唔少附近[[學生]]同[[地盤工]]嚟買[[飯盒]]<ref>[http://www.flickr.com/photos/smurfmatic/3996015310/in/photostream/ 叁去壹茶樓（相簿）]</ref> <ref>[http://www.openrice.com/restaurant/reviews.htm?shopid=17821 OpenRice: 叁去壹]</ref>。 二〇二五年執咗<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.hk01.com/18%E5%8D%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/1091583/%E8%A5%BF%E7%92%B0%E8%88%8A%E5%BC%8F%E8%80%81%E8%8C%B6%E6%A8%93-%E5%8F%81%E5%8E%BB%E5%A3%B9-%E6%82%84%E7%84%B6%E7%B5%90%E6%A5%AD-%E5%B1%B9%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%8A%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%A0%85%E6%8C%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8B%E5%81%9A%E9%BB%9E%E5%BF%83|title=西環舊式老茶樓「叁去壹」悄然結業 屹立近半世紀堅持人手做點心|last=吳美松|date=2025-01-07|website=香港01|language=zh-HK|access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} [[Category:西營盤]] [[Category:香港酒樓]] 28q673jyqolhp96g8hvzv7ic94aagns 0 57508 2416381 1520528 2026-06-05T02:37:28Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Einsteinium.jpg | thumb | right | 固體發光]]'''鑀'''（{{jpingauto|Oi3}}，英文'''{{話|en|Einsteinium}}'''）係[[元素]]一種，符號'''Es'''，[[原子序號]]99，[[原子重量]]252.0829。佢[[密度]]13.5，[[溶點]]1133.15，[[電負度]]有1.3。 {{commons+cat|Einsteinium}} {{元素週期表}} [[Category:錒系元素]] [[Category:人工合成元素]] sv76ldays76wucupvdg837tsesoxz5l 0 58012 2416457 2020768 2026-06-05T04:30:35Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} [[File:Photo_of_Michael_Chan_Wai-Man_(陳惠敏)_in_interview_in_2019.jpg | thumb | right | 訪問]] '''陳惠敏'''（'''{{lang|en|Michael Chan}}'''，{{bd|1943年|7月10號||}}）係前[[邵氏兄弟（香港）]]武打動作[[演員]]，熱衷[[拳擊]]、中華武術、健身等，背脊有[[龍]][[圖騰]]樣式嘅[[紋身]]，配上2臂左青[[龍]]右白[[虎]]同埋最著名嘅胸前雙[[鷹]]。 佢少年畢業後一開始就投身香港紀律部隊：先係傳聞中嘅香港[[懲教署]]，編號為403；及後則投身[[皇家香港警察]]（喺警界中，服務滿二十年以上者無人唔識，並且能夠足以證實），離隊前隸屬[[西九龍]]任職刑事偵緝，編號為8872，而且有講階級至[[警長]]。期間游走黑白兩道，人面廣，至因此可能於離職後順理成章多涉江湖，雜誌報稱佢同[[日本]][[山口組]]成員關係密切。 電影中成日扮演真我，語言剛烈，出口成章，亦以愛家庭，重義氣，以及一套靈巧身手同快拳聞名，面對非江湖人士及非驕橫之徒就好謙和。 成名前多飾演反面人物好似初露鋒芒[[跳灰]]中嘅職業殺手、富翁打手、一幫之主等，而喺民族有關嘅動作片、身不由己嘅黑道或偏門中人好似[[舞廳]]、士為知己者死嘅武林高手、喜劇人物好似[[黑道福星]]等多以正面或半正面人物身份登場，亦有著重演技嘅好似代表作[[浣花洗劍錄]]中不求名利醉心武道同人生哲理嘅白衣人、因不幸同埋心理歪曲而走火入魔嘅狂徒[[一脫求生]]等，到成熟期就多數演江湖叔公輩或鄉間富人或具聲望之輩。 曾經同日本女星[[新藤惠美]]傳緋聞<ref>[http://yule.sohu.com/20080415/n256303353.shtml 「江湖大佬」打星陳惠敏自爆偷食日本女星（图）-搜狐娛樂] </ref>。 [[1983年]]年屆37歲嘅陳惠敏參加「世界精英搏擊大賽」，只用咗35秒就擊倒[[日本人|日籍]]拳手森崎剛<small><ref>「武打明星陳惠敏 一拳擊中森崎剛 日教練拋白毛巾 三十五秒大結局」，《大公報》，[[1983年]][[2月22號]]，第2張第8版</ref></small>。 == 參演作品 == === 電視劇（[[佳藝電視]]） === * [[1976年]] [[射鵰英雄傳]] 飾 東邪黃葯師 === 電視劇（[[麗的電視]]） === * [[1979年]] [[浣花洗劍錄]] 飾 白衣人 === 電視劇（[[亞洲電視]]） === * 1982年 [[血債血償]] * 1983年 [[飛越擂台]] * 1983年 [[大家HAPPY]] * 1998年 [[流氓·律師]] 飾 黎積德 === 電影 === * 1976年 ** 《[[跳灰]]》 * 1977年 ** 《[[破戒]]》 * 1978年 ** 《[[笑傲江湖 (1978年電影)|笑傲江湖]]》 * 1979年 ** 《[[風流斷劍小小刀]]》 ** 《[[手扣]]》 * 1980年 ** 《[[舞廳]]》 ** 《[[英雄]]》 * 1981年 ** 《[[知法犯法]]》 * 1982年 ** 《[[殺入愛情街]]》 ** 《[[賊性]]》 ** 《[[愛人女神]]》 ** 《[[獵魔者]]》 ** 《[[龍少爺]]》 * 1983年 ** 《[[狂情]]》 ** 《[[斬手指]]》 ** 《[[阿姐有料]]》 * 1984年 ** 《[[無名火]]》 ** 《[[一脫求生]]》 ** 《[[青蛙王子 (電影)|青蛙王子]]》（飾 郁德仁） ** 《[[我愛羅蘭度]]》（飾 郁德仁） * 1985年 ** 《[[偷情]]》 ** 《[[教頭發威]]》 ** 《[[冷血屠夫]]》 * 1986年 ** 《[[俾鬼捉]]》 ** 《[[連環炮]]》 ** 《[[皇家戰士]]》 ** 《[[神探朱古力]]》 * 1987年 ** 《[[A計劃續集]]》（飾 歐心虎） ** 《[[龍在江湖]]》 * 1988年 ** 《[[同根生]]》 ** 《[[殺手蝴蝶夢]]》 * 1989年 ** 《[[黑道福星]]》 ** 《[[我在黑社會的日子]]》（飾 謝勝） * 1990年 ** 《[[風雨同路]]》 ** 《[[BB30]]》 * 1991年 ** 《[[中環英雄]]》 ** 《[[五億探長雷洛傳]]》（飾 蟹王） ** 《[[五億探長雷洛傳Ⅱ之父子情仇]]》（飾 蟹王） ** 《[[四大家族之龍虎兄弟]]》 * 1992年 ** 《[[嘩！英雄]]》 ** 《[[逃學英雄傳]]》（飾 陳慧蟹） * 1993年 ** 《[[濟公]]》（飾 土地公） ** 《[[女兒當自強]]》 * 1995年 ** 《[[現代古惑仔]]》 * 1996年 ** 《[[金榜提名]]》（飾 飄哥） ** 《[[旺角揸Fit人]]》 ** 《[[古惑仔 III之只手遮天]]》（飾 駱駝） * 1997年 ** 《[[愛上百分百英雄]]》 * 1998年 ** 《[[龍在江湖]]》 ** 《[[濠江風雲]]》 ** 《[[新古惑仔之少年激鬥篇]]》（飾 駱駝） * 1999年 ** 《[[黑社會檔案之黑金帝國]]》 ** 《[[半支煙]]》（飾 九紋龍） ** 《[[上帝之手 (1999年電影)|上帝之手]]》 * 2000年 ** 《[[黑社會。COM]]》（飾 銘哥） * 2001年 ** 《[[老夫子2001]]》（飾 金爺） ** 《[[買兇拍人]]》（飾 標哥/秀茂坪速龍） ** 《[[不死情迷]]》 * 2003年 ** 《[[大佬愛美麗]]》 * 2004年 ** 《[[絕種鐵金剛]]》（飾 巴閉哥） * 2005年 ** 《[[情癲大聖]]》（飾 眾生相） * 2008年 ** 《[[一個好爸爸]]》（飾 德叔） * 2010年 ** 《[[滅門]]》 ** 《[[打擂台 (2010年電影)|打擂台]]》（飾 龐青） * 2012年 ** 《[[起勢搖滾]]》 ** 《[[紮職]]》 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rg0wfyACzCQ Youtube:《1983年陳惠敏東瀛爭霸戰》] * [http://www.dianying.com/ft/person.php?personid=ChenHuimin 陳惠敏電影作品列表] [[類:香港客家人]] [[Category:香港武打演員]] [[Category:香港電視男演員]] [[Category:香港電影男演員]] [[Category:香港前警務人員]] [[Category:香港三合會成員]] [[Category:前麗的電視藝員]] [[Category:前亞洲電視男藝員]] [[類:前無綫電視男藝員]] [[類:陳氏|惠敏]] 1mdujbhiej0sfvwvmzfs9znz91hx5sz 0 58795 2416385 448022 2026-06-05T02:40:10Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Car_broken_window_break_in_4492.JPG | thumb | right | 破窗]]'''偷車'''係[[偷嘢|偷]]或者意圖偷[[車]]嘅罪，偷嘅可以係[[私家車]]同[[單車]]之類。 偷車賊偷車嚟自用或者賣錢。集團式偷車目的係「拆骨」賣錢，多數係有[[市場]]有買家要先，至去有目標咁偷，所以[[差人]]都會埋伏睇緊最有可能俾賊偷嘅車。 因為有偷車風險，所以先至有車輛失竊[[保險]]，又有衍生出[[車輛防盜]]呢一行，市場唔細，防盜方法都有好多種，包括[[警鐘]]、車軑鎖、[[全球定位系統]]（GPS）咁。 [[Category:犯罪]] [[Category:偷嘢]] bxx127z1yxlqvsl7iyaklukuivay23j 0 62858 2416382 2376354 2026-06-05T02:37:48Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MachidaHills.jpg | thumb | right | 一景]]'''町田市'''（{{jpn|j=町田市|hg=まちだし|rm=Machida shi|f=y}}）係[[日本]][[東京]]嘅其中一個[[市]]。唔少知名日本足球運動員出身喺呢度，有「足球王國」嘅美譽。 {{東京都}} [[Category:東京政區]] c00t1eln06upgctnh50179jg9ere7f6 0 64951 2416284 2210095 2026-06-04T21:15:31Z ~2026-33378-98 338794 /* */ 2416284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''西周'''係指[[周朝|宾周]]前期，由[[周武王|太黑]]喺[[前11世紀]]立國，直到[[前771年]]太白被殺為止，之後史稱[[東周|宾周。]] [[Category:周朝]] {{史楔}} r4t6wf9wlw4ey1fyh0ok87f5vwl4f80 2416287 2416284 2026-06-04T22:16:32Z 一室幽蘭 284725 回退破壞 取消[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33378-98|~2026-33378-98]]([[User talk:~2026-33378-98|傾偈]])嘅修改 ( oldid=2416284 ) 2416287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''西周'''係指[[周朝|周]]前期，由[[周武王]]喺[[前11世紀]]立國，直到[[前771年]][[周幽王]]被殺為止，之後史稱[[東周]]。 [[Category:周朝]] {{史楔}} pwxnzt1dwfj0upjh7vb3orbakhy6qzl 0 67315 2416325 2205807 2026-06-05T01:33:35Z HenryLi 14 通 2416325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SunShangxiang.jpg|thumb|150px|孫夫人]] '''孫夫人'''（{{jpingauto|syun1 fu1 jan4}}），後人多數叫佢做'''孫尚香'''（{{jpingauto|syun1 soeng6 hoeng1}}）或者'''孫仁'''（{{jpautocore|syun1 jan4}}），係[[三國]]時[[王族]]婦人，[[孫吳]]皇帝[[孫堅]]個女、[[孫策]]同[[孫權]]個[[細妹]]，[[建安]]十四年（[[209年]]）十二月做咗[[劉備]][[老婆]]。 == 生平 == 佢係孫堅個女，響吳郡富春縣（即依家[[浙江省]][[杭州市]]）出世。史書話佢自細性格剛烈，才思敏捷，似足幾個大佬。 [[赤壁之戰]]過後，孫權意識到[[劉備]]份人唔簡單、想拉攏佢，所以就將細妹孫夫人嫁畀劉備。劉就去到京口同孫權見面，傾咗關於[[荊州 (古代)|荊州]]嘅事，作為[[政治聯婚|聯婚]]嘅回應。 但係孫夫人生性剛烈，成日拎住把劍防身，隨身嘅百幾位婢女全部帶住武器；再加上佢恃住自己係孫權個妹，手下嘅士兵好多都「冇王管」。咁樣唔單止令到劉備響入內房嗰陣成日好鬼驚青；根據[[諸葛亮]]嘅講法，劉仲將孫夫人視作同[[曹操]]一樣嘅禍患。據傳後嚟劉備同孫夫人分開住。 212年（建安十七年），劉備入主蜀，響東吳大臣[[法正]]嘅勸告之下將孫夫人送返東吳。孫權派咗大船嚟迎接佢，其中佢想帶走埋[[劉禪]]，但係畀諸葛亮派嚟嘅[[趙雲]]、[[張飛]]截住。之後《[[三國志]]》再冇提及過孫夫人去咗邊。 據《[[資治通鑑補]]》嘅講法，孫權後嚟同劉備講和，將細妹送返蜀國，點知途中劉備死咗，孫夫人因而自殺。 == 名 == 史書並未提及過孫夫人嘅真名，就連野史都冇講過。 《[[三國演義]]》話「'''孫仁'''」係孫堅個女，而睇返後文所登場嘅女人、推斷呢個女人就係孫夫人。但係根據[[裴松之]]響幫《三國志》作嘅注釋，就話「孫仁」係[[孫朗]]（孫堅庶仔，孫夫人阿哥）嘅第二個名。 而依家最為人所知嘅名「'''孫尚香'''」，本身係京劇用多，例子有《甘露寺》、《別宮祭江》、《回荊州》等。 {{三國皇后}} {{三國人物}} [[Category:吳 (三國) 宗室]] [[Category:東漢人]] [[Category:三國]] {{China-bio-stub}} hhoflnwtzsj6vyk4jppw9hzox9o1r94 0 69722 2416281 2351505 2026-06-04T18:41:48Z Raffydude1111 311099 2416281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細|image_main=周家怡.jpg}} {{唔係|周家儀}} '''周家怡'''（{{lang-en|'''Catherine Chau'''}}，{{生死|1979年|7月23號}}）係[[香港]][[藝人]]，[[1998年]]喺[[無綫電視藝員訓練班]][[畢業]]之後加入[[無綫電視]]。 ==演出== {{Expand list}} ===電視劇（ViuTV）=== *2016年：《[[綠豆 (電視劇)|綠豆]]》 飾 瑪嘉烈 *2019年：《[[仇老爺爺]]》 飾 搭檯護士（第5集） *2020年：《[[歎息橋]]》 飾 方小薇（Sammy） *2022年：《[[反起跑線聯盟]]》 飾 劉家琪（Venus） *2024年：《[[無人之境]]》 飾 張秀凌 *2024年：《[[反起跑線聯盟2]]》飾 劉家琪（Venus） *2025年：《[[翻盤下半場]]》 飾 蒙美 ===節目演出（ViuTV）=== *2019年：《[[Close噏]]》 第45集嘉賓 *2022年：《[[爆谷一周|爆谷一周（第一輯）]]》 第7集嘉賓 *2022年：《[[天生食材必有用]]》 第8集嘉賓 *2022年：《[[Dr.Any毛]]》 第10集嘉賓 *2023年：《[[One Day 約會實況]]》 第15集嘉賓 *2023年：《[[爆谷一周|爆谷一周（第二輯）]]》 第8集嘉賓 *2024年：《[[選角 (電視節目)|選角]]》 第8-14集專業評審 *2025年：《[[一車女人]]》第61集嘉賓 ===電視劇（無綫電視）=== *[[2000年]]：《[[十月初五的月光]]》　飾　導演 *[[2004年]]：《[[金枝慾孽]]》　飾　白蘭 *[[2005年]]：《[[奪命真夫]]》　飾　Bobo *[[2006年]]：《[[愛情全保]]》　飾　女拳手 *2006年：《[[火舞黃沙]]》　飾　茅小琴 *2006年：《[[肥田囍事]]》　飾　Eunice（U姐） *[[2007年]]：《[[同事三分親]]》　飾　Ivy *[[2008年]]：《[[畢打自己人]]》　飾　Ally *2008年：《[[東山飄雨西關晴]]》　飾　曼紅 *[[2009年]]：《[[桌球天王]]》　飾　周顯慧（炒蜆） *2009年：《[[王老虎搶親]]》　飾　素琴 *[[2010年]]：《[[飛女正傳]]》　飾　曾綽雅 *2010年：《[[女人最痛]]》　飾　莫玉蘭 *2010年：《[[摘星之旅]]》　飾　Kay *2010年：《[[依家有喜]]》　飾　程薏 *2010年：《[[居家兵團]]》　飾　葉小姐 *[[2011年]]：《[[女拳]]》　飾　綺梅 *2011年：《[[花花世界花家姐]]》　飾　哈皎皎 *2011年：《[[怒火街頭]]》　飾　蘇珊 *2011年：《[[不速之約]]》　飾　文嘉玲 *2011年：《[[天與地]]》　飾　Mabel *[[2012年]]：《[[On Call 36小時]]》　飾　汪海淇 *2012年：《[[拳王 (2012年電視劇)|拳王]]》　飾　徐淑蕙 *2012年：《[[心戰]]》　飾　電視台主持 *[[2021年]]：《[[星空下的仁醫]]》　飾　麥海琪（Kay） ===電視劇（HKTV）=== *[[2015年]]：《[[導火新聞線]]》　飾　方凝 ===電視劇（寰亞傳媒）=== *[[2026年]]：《[[重案解密]]》　飾　李思怡 === 電影 === * 2007年：《[[一樓一鬼]]》 * 2011年：《[[我愛香港]]》 飾演 街坊 * 2014年：《[[恐怖在線]]》 飾演 警方心理醫生 * 2015年：《[[十年 (電影)|十年]]》 飾演 白領 * 2016年：《[[暗色天堂]]》 飾演 周婉婉 * 2016年：《[[此情此刻]]》 飾演 情侶 * 2016年：《[[導火新聞線 (電影)|導火新聞線]]》 飾演 方凝 * 2017年：《[[女士復仇]]》 * 2017年：《[[29+1]]》 飾演 Jennifer * 2018年：《[[棟篤特工]]》 飾演 方凝 * 2018年：《[[無雙 (電影)|無雙]]》 飾演 何蔚藍 * 2020年：《[[乜代宗師]]》 飾演 媚 * 2022年：《[[深宵閃避球]]》飾演 楊琦 * 2023年：《[[陰目偵信]]》飾演 阿雪 * 2024年：《[[破·地獄]]》飾演 曾美玉 * 未上畫：《[[死亡通知單]]》 * 未上畫：《[[八個女人一台戲]]》 飾演 漪蓮 ==出面網頁== {{人物拎}} {{英皇娛樂藝人}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:前香港電視網絡女藝員]] [[Category:前無綫電視女藝員]] [[Category:ViuTV合作女藝人]] [[Category:周氏|家怡]] revoptcj1wjwgpbiej5s68ose5i6gcp 0 71199 2416470 2265732 2026-06-05T06:08:02Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Former_Residence_of_Mr._Sun_Yat-sen.jpg | thumb | right | 孫文故居]]'''翠亨'''，又叫做'''翠亨村'''，亦有寫'''蔡阬'''或'''翠阬'''，係[[中國]]一[[村]]，喺[[廣東]][[中山]]，市治[[石歧]]東南，[[澳門]]之北。村因[[孫文]]鄉下而名聞於世，孫乃[[中華民國]]之父。地有[[孫中山故居紀念館]]。 ==地理== 位置東經一百一十三度卅一分，北緯廿二度廿六分，依山傍海。 ==史== 翠亨之地，[[大明]]同[[大清]]都係[[中山 (廣東)|香山]]縣地。大清[[康熙]]年間，[[馮氏|馮]][[麥氏|麥]]兩氏所村，後那尾附近嘅[[崖口村]]搬來嘅[[楊氏|楊]][[陸氏|陸]]兩氏，齊齊開辟。初名蔡阬，阬卽係坑，因村前有水坑，由西南流向東北入海。乾隆十五年，卽一七五零年，《[[香山縣志]]》記蔡阬。道光七年，卽一八二七年，《香山縣志》記翠享。一九三四年，《[[廣東全省地方紀要]]》記翠阬。 十九世紀六十年代，翠亨有十氏。當中陸氏較爲出名，孫文由細玩到大嘅[[陸浩東]]，都係出自翠亨。 翠享村歸入南朗鎮。後尾翠亨村升爲鎮，同崖口村、[[下沙村]]、[[石門村]]，曾共立[[翠亨村鎮]]。一九八八年鎮解散，又拼返入[[南朗鎮]]。 ==史蹟== 因爲頻海，舊時強盜橫行，全村立有[[圍牆]]，有四道[[閘]]，現只存其二。 [[Category:中山 (廣東)]] qal6l822ycewq8ictdpkhwj4o0yms9k 0 71368 2416362 1084466 2026-06-05T02:23:12Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:송준길묘.jpg | thumb | right | 墓]]'''宋浚吉'''（韓文：송준길；[[1606年]][[十二月二十八]]—[[1672年]][[十二月二]]），字'''明甫'''、號'''同春堂'''·'''同春'''、諡號'''文正'''。係[[大朝鮮國]]後期嘅文臣、政治人、[[儒學]]者、畵家、[[性理學]]思想家。[[李朝]]後期嘅[[性理學]]嘅巨頭兼[[禮訟論爭]]嘅主要人物、海東十八賢之一人。[[西人]]黨嘅保守派領導人嘅一人、[[金長生]]·[[金集]]門人及[[宋時烈]]嘅平生朋友及親族。[[南人]]黨領[[許穆]]、[[尹善道]]、[[尹鑴]]嘅政敵之一。 == 睇埋 == * [[禮訟論爭]] * [[西人]] * [[金長生]] * [[金集]] * [[宋時烈]] * [[許穆]] * [[尹善道]] * [[尹鑴]] [[類:大朝鮮國政治人]] [[Category:性理學]] [[類:大朝鮮國作家]] [[類:大朝鮮國詩人]] [[Category:宋氏 (韓國)|浚吉]] {{korea-bio-stub}} 5tx1dyum77sq5uppi52oh4ssx289da1 0 78579 2416446 790278 2026-06-05T04:21:46Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yeung_Hei_Chi.JPG | thumb | right | 場照]]'''楊熙智'''（'''Yeung, Hei Chi'''，{{生死|1975年|2月13號}}）係[[香港消防處]]現役[[消防員]]；退役[[足球員]]，司職右中場，曾經入選[[香港足球代表隊]]，效力過[[傑志]]、[[花花足球會|快譯通]]、[[晨曦體育會|晨曦]]、[[消防足球隊|消防]]等[[香港甲組足球聯賽]]球隊，家下效力[[香港乙組足球聯賽]]球隊[[東方足球隊]]。 == 出面網頁 == * [http://www.hkfa.com/zh-hk/player_view.php?player_id=3956 HKFA] * [http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=3055 ..:: National Football Teams ::.. Player - Hei Chi Yeung] * [http://hksmem.tripod.com/members/intro/yhc.htm 個人介紹 -- 楊熙智] [[Category:香港足球員]] [[Category:香港足球代表隊球員]] [[Category:傑志球員]] [[Category:快譯通球員]] [[Category:晨曦球員]] [[Category:東方球員]] [[Category:香港消防員]] [[Category:楊氏|熙智]] {{香港運動員楔}} hcmpsl9px8iqfyqcm99v1oa76oh45ue 0 83004 2416518 1856894 2026-06-05T11:53:25Z InternetArchiveBot 158703 救返4個出處、嘜低0個死咗。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2416518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox VG | title = Ace of Spades | image = | caption = | developer = 賓阿索伊 (Ben Aksoy) | designer = 賓阿索伊(2011-2012) <br>[[Jagex]](2012-) | version = Beta版：0.76 | released = 2011年4月4日 | genre = [[第一人稱射擊遊戲|第一人稱射擊]] | modes = [[多人遊戲|多人]] | ratings = {{遊戲分級|ACB|M}} | platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]]，[[Mac OS|Mac]] | requirements = | onlinegame=1 }} 《'''Ace of Spades'''》（[[減筆]]叫做：'''AOS'''；又叫做：'''黑桃A'''、'''黑桃As'''），係一款[[沙盒]]建造嘅[[射擊遊戲]]，玩家可以喺一個[[三維]]世界入面用唔同嘅方塊建建築物擋住敵方攻擊，重可以攻擊對方。呢隻遊戲得[[賓阿索伊]]Ben Aksoy自己一個人搞。《Ace of Spades》用網上伺服器玩。遊戲隊伍分成兩隊，藍隊同綠隊，玩家可以選擇加入藍隊定綠隊，再選擇[[步槍]]、[[衝鋒槍]]、[[霰彈槍]]<ref name="值得">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/04/13/10-reasons-you-need-to-play-ace-of-spades|title= 10個理由你值得玩Ace of Spades|publisher=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|date= 2013-04-02|first=Quintin|last=Smith|accessdate=2013-04-02}}</ref>。每名玩家有100[[生命值]]，若果生命值少過100，可以去補給站補命。當玩家死咗，需要等重新遊戲。目前最新版本係[[Beta版]]0.76。 最近隻遊戲俾Steam買咗，整個全新嘅黑桃A。由於遊戲地圖同《[[造個創世神]]》似，所以又叫做「槍戰版造個創世神」<ref name="news">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-04/18/ace-of-spades|title='Ace of Spades' is Minecraft with guns|first=Duncan|last=Geere|quote=|publisher=[[Wired UK]]|date=2011-04-18|access-date=2013-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105002454/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-04/18/ace-of-spades|archive-date=2013-01-05|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://n4g.com/news/744707/ace-of-spades-a-minecraft-like-fps-game-interface|title=Ace of Spades: A Minecraft-like FPS Game Interface|publisher=[[N4G]]|date=2011-04-17}}</ref>。 ==遊戲== 黑桃A嘅靈感來自《[[造個創世神]]》、《[[絕地要塞2]]》<ref name="值得"/>。重有，俾Steam買咗之後，多咗幾個遊戲模式：團隊[[死亡競賽]]、奪旗、領土控制、殭屍同開採鑽石等等。而舊版遊戲就只係得奪旗、領土控制同巴別塔。遊戲入面重可以畀玩家自由建造防禦建築或開發領土，目前嘅遊戲玩家可以選擇四大隊伍：突擊隊、發射火箭、機槍手同埋槍手，槍手可選擇[[狙擊步槍]]、[[半自動步槍]]同埋[[手槍]]；[[火箭人]]用衝鋒槍；而使用[[噴氣背包]]或滑翔機可部署戰力<ref name="Riggall2012">{{Cite web|url=http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/#company_review|title=Minecraft influenced online multiplayer FPS|publisher=SOFTONIC INTERNATIONAL S.L.|first=Jonathan|last=Riggall|date=2012-06-11|accessdate=2012-12-15|archive-date=2012-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218043038/http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/#company_review|url-status=dead}}</ref>；[[鎬]]係可摧毀同攻擊近戰武器；而突擊隊同槍手，都可以選擇一個挖掘工具，而唔係刀。火箭人可能會選擇收有手榴彈嘅[[砲塔]]，特種兵可以選擇使用殺傷人嘅手榴彈。喺聖誕節更新重加咗雪炮，可以造成火災危害<ref name="Riggall2012"/>。 ==發展史== Beta版入面，黑桃A係畀玩家免費試玩，但喺2012年12月，英國嘅遊戲開發商[[Jagex]]宣布，同原創者合作整個全新嘅黑桃A。 Beta版入面，地圖係用伺服器收錄，但係遊戲都畀自定義地圖，所以可以由地圖編輯器整地圖。喺第一個版本入面，玩家武器只係得[[半自動步槍]]同[[鎬]]。直到最近嘅版本入面，玩家可以選擇半自動步槍、[[衝鋒槍]]、[[獵槍]]，所有玩家都可以用三粒[[手榴彈]]同一把鐵鍬<ref name="Riggall2012"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aceofspadeswiki.com/index.php/Map_editor|title=Map Editor|publisher=aceofspadeswiki.com|date=2012-12-03|access-date=2013-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226062942/http://www.aceofspadeswiki.com/index.php/Map_editor|archive-date=2012-12-26|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades|title=Weekend Gaming: Ace of Spades|publisher=SOFTONIC INTERNATIONAL S.L.|first=Jon|last=Riggall|date=2011-10-07|accessdate=2011-10-19|archive-date=2011-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012221923/http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades|url-status=dead}}</ref>。遊戲畀玩家用模組改外形同聲音，重特別為模組開咗個討論區<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lI84BU_rBgk|title=Ace of Spades model customisation|date=2013-04-02}}</ref>。 ==發行== 喺2012年11月，雖然遊戲仍然係一個測試版，但係已經攞到「本月遊戲」喺MPOGD<ref>{{cite web|title=MPOGD's GAME OF THE MONTH November 2012|publisher=Multiplayer Online Game Directory|url=http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11/1/2012|date=2012-12-01|accessdate=2012-12-01|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130129123423/http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11/1/2012|archive-date=2013-01-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>。 遊戲喺12月12號正式發行<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aceofspades.com/forums/entry.php?10|title=Ace of Spades Out Now!|publisher=|first=|last=|date=2013-04-02|accessdate=2012-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216014113/http://www.aceofspades.com/forums/entry.php?10|archive-date=2012-12-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AoSGame/status/264329446234927104|title=AoSGame: @Devianx1 December 2012 ^_^ ...|publisher=[[Twitter]]|date=2012-11-14}}</ref>，但係遭到好多批評，因為遊戲免費測試版變成收費遊戲。目前，呢個遊戲喺Metacritic評分46，理由一般來自不滿嘅評論<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/ace-of-spades/critic-reviews|title=Ace of Spaces Critic Reviews for PC|publisher=Metacritic|accessdate=February 9, 2013}}</ref>。 好多不滿者都係要求重開免費版，因為佢由免費遊戲變咗畀錢遊戲<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nerdarray.com/ace-of-spades-review|title=Ace of Spades Review|publisher=Nerd Array|date=2012-12-13}}</ref>。因此測試版就用「[http://buildandshoot.com/ Build and Shoot]」名稱繼續運行<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://buildandshoot.com|title=Build and Shoot|date=2013-04-02}}</ref>。 == 參攷 == {{reflist}} [[Category:網上遊戲]] [[Category:Windows遊戲]] [[類:Mac OS遊戲]] [[類:射擊遊戲]] 0b29k7q01yxmwy13tnvv0e8kni6n3tn 1 83053 2416519 1394280 2026-06-05T11:53:26Z InternetArchiveBot 158703 通知：引用來源改咗，需要檢查) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2416519 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:|yes|small|standard}}-talk" |- |[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|你知唔知|{{#ifeq:|yes|10px|15px}}|]] |'''{{PAGENAME}}'''嘅資訊曾經響[[2013年]][[4月10日]]喺維基百科[[頭版]]嘅'''[[Template:你知唔知|你知唔知？]]'''小節度出現過。{{#if:|呢個項目嘅題字係： *{{{entry}}} }}{{#if:|<nowiki/> 呢個項目嘅記錄可以響[[Wikipedia:你知唔知/舊文/{{{year}}}年]]搵到。 }} |{{#ifeq:|yes||[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|維基百科|right|40px]]}} |} == 對外連結有變 (2019年2月) == 各位編輯仝人： 我啱啱救返[[葵扇煙 (遊戲)]]上面嘅 4 個對外連結。麻煩檢查下[https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=1268216 我改嘅嘢]。有咩查詢，或者想隻機械人唔理啲外連，或者想隻機械人成版唔好掂，請睇[[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|呢版簡明嘅問答頁]]。我改咗呢啲外連： *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20130105002454/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-04/18/ace-of-spades 落 http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-04/18/ace-of-spades *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121226062942/http://www.aceofspadeswiki.com/index.php/Map_editor 落 http://www.aceofspadeswiki.com/index.php/Map_editor *加咗存檔 https://archive.is/20130129123423/http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11/1/2012 落 http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11%2F1%2F2012 *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121216014113/http://www.aceofspades.com/forums/entry.php?10 落 http://www.aceofspades.com/forums/entry.php?10 如果隻機械人有錯，請睇問答頁嘅指示。 唔該晒！—[[:en:User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[:en:User talk:InternetArchiveBot|報告軟件缺陷]])</span> 2019年2月14號 (四) 03:53 (UTC) == 對外連結有變 (2019年12月) == 各位編輯仝人： 我啱啱救返[[葵扇煙 (遊戲)]]上面嘅 6 個對外連結。麻煩檢查下[https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=1351828 我改嘅嘢]。有咩查詢，或者想隻機械人唔理啲外連，或者想隻機械人成版唔好掂，請睇[[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|呢版簡明嘅問答頁]]。我改咗呢啲外連： *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20130318231732/http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/04/13/10-reasons-you-need-to-play-ace-of-spades/ 落 http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2011/04/13/10-reasons-you-need-to-play-ace-of-spades *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121003101733/http://n4g.com/news/744707/ace-of-spades-a-minecraft-like-fps-game-interface 落 http://n4g.com/news/744707/ace-of-spades-a-minecraft-like-fps-game-interface *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121218043038/http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ 落 http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121218043038/http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ 落 http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20111012221923/http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades 落 http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20130101071929/http://nerdarray.com/ace-of-spades-review/ 落 http://nerdarray.com/ace-of-spades-review 如果隻機械人有錯，請睇問答頁嘅指示。 唔該晒！—[[:en:User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[:en:User talk:InternetArchiveBot|報告軟件缺陷]])</span> 2019年12月7號 (六) 13:06 (UTC) == 對外連結有變 (2020年3月) == 各位編輯仝人： 我啱啱救返[[葵扇煙 (遊戲)]]上面嘅 1 個對外連結。麻煩檢查下[https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=1394279 我改嘅嘢]。有咩查詢，或者想隻機械人唔理啲外連，或者想隻機械人成版唔好掂，請睇[[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|呢版簡明嘅問答頁]]。我改咗呢啲外連： *加咗存檔 https://archive.is/20130129123423/http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11/1/2012 落 http://www.mpogd.com/gotm/?Date=11%2F1%2F2012 如果隻機械人有錯，請睇問答頁嘅指示。 唔該晒！—[[:en:User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[:en:User talk:InternetArchiveBot|報告軟件缺陷]])</span> 2020年3月28號 (六) 06:26 (UTC) == 對外連結有變 (2026年6月) == 各位編輯仝人： 我啱啱救返[[葵扇煙 (遊戲)]]上面嘅 4 個對外連結。麻煩檢查下[https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=2416518 我改嘅嘢]。有咩查詢，或者想隻機械人唔理啲外連，或者想隻機械人成版唔好掂，請睇[[:m:InternetArchiveBot/FAQ|呢版簡明嘅問答頁]]。我改咗呢啲外連： *由 http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2011-04/18/ace-of-spades 攞走咗失效連結標籤 *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20121218043038/http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ 落 http://ace-of-spades.en.softonic.com/ *由 http://www.aceofspadeswiki.com/index.php/Map_editor 攞走咗失效連結標籤 *加咗存檔 https://web.archive.org/web/20111012221923/http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades 落 http://onsoftware.en.softonic.com/weekend-gaming-ace-of-spades 如果隻機械人有錯，請睇問答頁嘅指示。 唔該晒！—[[:en:User:InternetArchiveBot|'''<span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span>''']] <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">([[:en:User talk:InternetArchiveBot|報告軟件缺陷]])</span> 2026年6月5號 (五) 11:53 (UTC) jxzapvef99u8vw6v6kc3u3fn706lt4z 0 83084 2416375 2132177 2026-06-05T02:32:52Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ilbelogo.png | thumb | right | 標誌]]'''日間貝秀投貯藏所'''（{{lang-ko|일간베스트 저장소，일베저장소}}），又叫做'''日貝貯藏所'''（{{lang-en|Ilbe Storage}}），係一個[[韓國]]嘅網上討論平臺，喺2010年4月成立。大家一般都認為呢個平臺係比較[[右派]]，甚至有[[極右派]]嘅傾向，因為曾經有唔少用戶發佈過關於反[[女權主義]]、反[[移民]]、同埋[[恐同]]嘅觀點<ref name="mic">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-18 |title=Inside Ilbe: How South Korea's angry young men formed a powerful new alt-right movement |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/184477/inside-ilbe-how-south-koreas-angry-young-men-formed-a-powerful-new-alt-right-movement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190405/https://www.mic.com/articles/184477/inside-ilbe-how-south-koreas-angry-young-men-formed-a-powerful-new-alt-right-movement |archive-date=2020-11-11 |access-date=2020-12-03 |work=Mic |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Matthew Dunn |date=24 September 2017 |title=Ilbe Storehouse is the South Korean website that is home to the country's alt-right movement |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/censorship/ilbe-storehouse-is-the-south-korean-website-that-is-home-to-the-countrys-altright-movement/news-story/f798acd948fada2dd032c31674851a93 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907160631/https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/censorship/ilbe-storehouse-is-the-south-korean-website-that-is-home-to-the-countrys-altright-movement/news-story/f798acd948fada2dd032c31674851a93 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |access-date=14 March 2020 |work=news.com.au}}</ref><ref name="Hojeong">{{cite web |author=Hojeong Lee |date=2019 |title=Digital War of South Korean Netizens in New York City:From Tweets to a Billboard Advertisement, and an Alt-Right Online Community |url=http://iafor.org/archives/journals/iafor-journal-of-media-communication-and-film/10.22492.ijmcf.6.1.01.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031110921/http://iafor.org/archives/journals/iafor-journal-of-media-communication-and-film/10.22492.ijmcf.6.1.01.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-31 |access-date=2020-03-14 |work=Temple University}}</ref>。 == 出面網頁 == * {{Official website|name=日間貝秀投貯藏所}} {{ko}} == 攷 == {{reflist}} [[類:南韓政治]] [[類:網站]] [[類:幽默]] f2jhh3budbmsxzj17h1trr0dy0ohyu5 0 83854 2416452 1649044 2026-06-05T04:27:35Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John_T._Hoffman_(portrait_by_Jacob_Lazarus).png | thumb | right | 繪像]]'''莊 湯臣 荷夫曼'''（'''John Thompson Hoffman''', {{bd|1828年|1月10號|1888年|3月24號}}），[[紐約]]（1869年至1872年）第23任總督。做過（1861-1865）紐約州州長以及紐約市市長（1866-1868）。同 Tweed Ring 嘅關係催毀嘅政治生涯，儘管冇證據話佢有參與腐敗活動。 [[Category:紐約州人]] [[Category:美國政治人]] {{US-bio-stub}} 4kvz505xb4n8iqxqvubbddhr69t9tcw 0 84616 2416243 2292261 2026-06-04T13:15:20Z Antifatcat 93216 /* 廣東歌作品 */ 2416243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} '''唐書琛'''（英文名：'''Susan Tang Shuchen'''）係[[香港]]女[[填詞]]人，係香港女[[導演]][[唐書璇]]堂妹，[[中華民國]][[滇系軍閥]][[唐繼堯]]孫女。著名作品[[香港電影]]《[[西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣]]》插曲《一生所愛》。 == 經歷 == *[[美國]]某大學畢業，返香港嚮堂哥[[唐書琨]]服裝布料設計部做嘢 *1983年開始填詞，作品主要由老公[[盧冠廷]]作曲同主唱。作品似[[散文]]、圍繞貞忠情感。 == 廣東歌作品 == ** 《[[陪着你走]]》 ** 《再遇》 ** 《夜風裡》 ** 《時間變變變》 ** 《但願人長久》 ** 《風原是這裡清》 ** 《願》 ** 《為自由》 ** 《地老天荒》 ** 《一生所愛》[[西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣]] == 出面網頁 == * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=o3bs5ajZ69c 唐書琛填詞：《一生所愛》] * [http://cantonpopblog.blogspot.hk/2012/04/blog-post_5128.html 唐書琛填詞作品表列] [[Category:唐氏|書琛]] [[Category:香港填詞人]] pxlgh5dp6lgaj2u1yh3j2d0v0y2nv6t 0 92517 2416358 874735 2026-06-05T02:19:51Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Domainme.png | thumb | right | 標誌]]'''.me''' 係[[黑山]]嘅[[國家同地區頂級域]]（ccTLD）。 == 出面網頁 == * [http://www.iana.org/root-whois/me.htm IANA .me whois information] {{CcTLD}} [[Category:國家同地區頂級域|me]] [[Category:黑山]] {{網楔}} t5f5s8o02p7uoqe0hjzsp3s5iakxe37 0 95657 2416348 1749752 2026-06-05T02:03:18Z HenryLi 14 通 2416348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{唔係|香港中文大學李嘉誠醫學大樓}} [[File:The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine 1.jpg|thumb|李嘉誠醫學院]] '''香港大學李嘉誠醫學院'''（{{lang-en|'''Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong'''}}），本來叫'''香港大學醫學院'''，係[[香港大學]]間[[醫科]][[學院]]，校址[[西高山]][[沙宣道]]近[[羅富國徑]]一帶，附近係[[教學醫院]][[瑪麗醫院]]。醫學院前身係[[1887年]]創的'''香港華人西醫書院'''，1907年改名'''香港西醫書院'''，1910年併入香港大學，2005年香港首富[[李嘉誠]]承諾捐十億[[港紙]]畀醫學院，醫學院為咗答謝，就改名做李嘉誠醫學院，雖然唔少校友反對<ref>{{引網 |url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20050522/4906146 |title=「香港大學醫學院」校友反對港大醫學院命名李嘉誠 |access-date=2020年1月16號 |archive-date=2020年1月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116042433/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20050522/4906146 |url-status=dead }}</ref>，但係都喺2006年1月1號正式命名為「香港大學李嘉誠醫學院」。 ==攷== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{official website}} {{香港大學}} [[Category:香港大學]] jkxdfpzyxwb588bxy5l7i660ffy1mig 0 97655 2416453 2116013 2026-06-05T04:28:12Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{整數|num=286}} [[File:Libeň,_U_Českých_loděnic,_odpadkový_koš.jpg | thumb | right | 桶上數字]] '''286'''係[[{{#expr:(286-1)}}]]同[[{{#expr:(286+1)}}]]之間嘅[[自然數]]。 [[Category:整數]] [[Category:自然數]] {{Num-stub}} kuw2iulnvcvmjwev0a0vun22sitlfkl 0 98998 2416477 2416185 2026-06-05T08:10:43Z AED1 ZC6546 338358 /* 編號 車牌對應 */ 2416477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HK Wan Chai Hennessy Road China Travel Services Cross Border Bus MTrans MAN.JPG|thumb|300px|往來[[深圳灣]]同[[灣仔]]嘅[[直通車]]]] '''香港中旅汽車服務有限公司'''（'''China Travel Tours Transportation Services H.K. Ltd'''）係香港一間跨境客運公司，係香港交易所上市公司－[[香港中旅國際投資]]成員。 ==新舊車隊== ===編號 車牌對應=== {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''編號''' !港方車牌 !'''中方車牌 (粵X XXXX 港)''' |- |207 |LL7885 | - |- |211 |RL7913 | - |- |270 |YY6024 |Z JF88 |- |272 |YY5341 |Z YF28 |- |300 |ZT1953 |Z JG72 |- |301 |ZT8400 |Z YF15 |- |302 |ZT7122 |Z JJ84 |- |303 |ZT7422 |Z YE47 |- |305 |ZT6546 |Z YH51 |- |306 |ZU423 |Z YF18 |- |307 |ZT9212 |Z YF91 |- |308 |ZU1157 |Z YF17 |- |309 |ZU2385 |Z YE46 |- |310 |ZU2443 |Z AT47 |- |311 |WA5673 |Z CB47 |- |312 |WA4103 |Z YH58 |- |313 |VC4120 |Z YE92 |- |317 |VG9106 |Z CB54 |- |323 |WL1254 |Z BP63 |- |325 |WL2586 |Z CB61 |- |326 |WV6592 |Z CB65 |- |329 |WV7656 |Z CB48 |- |331 |MX1677 | - |- |338 |MY3273 |Z JF88 |- |350 |VC2738 |Z HB61 |- |351 |VD7497 | - |- |352 |VE5977 |Z ZB03 |- |353 |VE6196 |Z HQ52 |- |355 |VE4564 |Z HH71 |- |357 |ES5510 | - |- |360 |SS5065 |Z GL15 |- |362 |SS7317 |Z HZ39 |- |363 |SS7682 |Z JF58 |- |365 |ST2070 |Z JH51 |- |366 |ST2394 |Z JH50 |- |367 |ST4954 |Z YD28 |- |368 |ST6715 |Z FM74 |- |369 |UJ2984 |Z FM73 |- |370 |UW6146 |Z JF90 |- |371 |UX6579 |Z CB55 |- |372 |UX8061 |Z CB57 |- |375 |VA1912 |Z CB48 |- |376 |VA2100 |Z CB50 |- |377 |VB8900 |Z JF22 |- |378 |VB8511 |Z YD26 |- |379 |VD3235 |Z BP62 |- |380 |VD2606 |Z CB45 |- |382 |VY3266 |Z JG11 |- |383 |VY3494 |Z CB45 |- |385 |VY5107 |Z CE07 |- |386 |VY5695 |Z CB63 |- |388 |WE4686 |Z YH11 |- |389 |WP1450 |Z JH03 |- |390 |WX3898 |Z JF59 |- |391 |WX6200 |Z JH62 |- |392 |XB3686 |Z JG23 |- |393 |YZ8737 |Z JJ75 |- |395 |YZ9853 |Z CB52 |- |396 |YZ9023 |Z JJ74 |- |397 |YZ9983 |Z JJ93 |- |507 |KV6596 |Z GY10 |- |512 |KV6851 |Z GY90 |- |557 |JP5191 |Z BP65 |- |560 |JP5298 |Z CB51 |- |561 |KB3080 |Z CR02 |- |562 |KE8540 |Z BP57 |- |563 |KE8992 |Z BP55 |- |564 |KE9157 |Z BP56 |- |565 |KE9959 |Z BP60 |- |567 |KG6525 |Z CB62 |- |568 |KG6709 |Z CB47 |- |570 |KH1070 |Z CB43 |- |571 |KH1505 |Z CB54 |- |572 |KH2006 |Z CB56 |- |575 |KV7975 |Z GQ53 |- |576 |LA4510 |Z HH78 |- |577 |LE4012 |Z HR00 |- |601 |LN7128 |Z AT52 |- |609 |LE3532 |Z HR46 |- |610 |LB8012 |Z HL86 |- |611 |LE5273 |Z HQ99 |- |612 |LG3125 |Z AT50 |- |613 |LA6995 |Z HH70 |- |615 |LG3269 |Z HV50 |- |616 |LG3485 |Z HV41 |- |617 |LG3754 |Z GY49 |- |618 |LH253 |Z HW06 |- |619 |LH1672 |Z AT48 |- |620 |LT2947 |Z CB63 |- |621 |LT3439 |Z BP64 |- |622 |LT5398 |Z HF41 |- |623 |LT9240 |Z CB66 |- |625 |LU206 |Z GY08 |- |626 |LU7507 |Z GE14 |- |627 |LV7442 |Z BP58 |- |628 |LX2855 |Z JF23 |- |630 |LZ5814 |Z JA59 |- |631 |MD7217 |Z JC61 |- |633 |MD8309 |Z AT47 |- |635 |MD5527 |Z GY31 |- |636 |ME4201 |Z JA37 |- |637 |MF3130 |Z JF22 |- |638 |MF2805 |Z BP67 |- |652 |MG309 |Z JA58 |- |655 |MG916 |Z AT49 |- |656 |MG3512 |Z AT54 |- |657 |MJ5416 |Z BP66 |- |660 |MK6755 |Z CB67 |- |661 |MY2601 |Z BP63 |- |662 |LN6747 |Z JC73 |- |663 |LG3142 |Z AT53 |- |665 |MY8539 |Z CB57 |- |666 |MZ7531 |Z JG11 |- |667 |NA4144 |Z JG23 |- |668 |NE9042 |Z JF88 |- |669 |MZ2327 |Z JF90 |- |670 |NC1615 |Z JG72 |- |671 |NC6683 |Z JH59 |- |672 |NC9012 |Z CB48 |- |673 |ND6421 |Z HB61 |- |675 |NC771 |Z CB52 |- |676 |NA3629 |Z CB50 |- |677 |NE4430 |Z JH03 |- |678 |NG9002 |Z JH62 |- |679 |NH6119 |Z CB61 |- |680 |NH5186 |Z CB45 |- |681 |NJ2926 |Z CB58 |- |683 |NJ3082 |Z YD26 |- |686 |NT7161 |Z JJ74 |- |687 |NT7680 |Z JJ75 |- |688 |NU445 |Z JJ84 |- |689 |NU4055 |Z JJ93 |- |690 |NU8018 |Z YD46 |- |691 |NW7235 |Z JG23 |- |695 |PE5840 |Z YF15 |- |696 |PE7219 |Z YF17 |- |698 |PF9295 |Z YF91 |- |699 |PG354 |Z YF16 |- |701 |LZ3380 |Z CB59 |- |702 |LZ5411 |Z CB68 |- |703 |MC9385 |Z HV74 |- |705 |MC9616 |Z HV49 |- |706 |MD6190 |Z GX38 |- |707 |ME4267 |Z BP62 |- |708 |MF5949 |Z HW07 |- |709 |TM6771 |Z CB68 |- |710 |TS5732 |Z HQ99 |- |711 |TS6327 |Z BP65 |- |712 |TT5134 |Z HR46 |- |713 |TT5922 |Z GX38 |- |715 |TU8290 |Z HH70 |- |716 |TV8588 |Z GY90 |- |717 |TZ442 |Z HH69 |- |718 |TZ5185 |Z HL86 |- |719 |TV9407 |Z HV74 |- |720 |TZ6031 |Z HW49 |- |721 |TX2906 |Z HW07 |- |723 |WE8762 |Z YY59 |- |726 |WF2651 |Z YY65 |- |901 |PJ2606 |Z YF91 |- |902 |PJ3961 |Z YH11 |- |903 |PM1032 |Z YH12 |- |905 |PM2429 |Z YH21 |- |906 |PM6189 |Z YH36 |- |907 |PM6201 |Z CB43 |- |908 |PN2564 |Z BP60 |- |909 |PT1802 |Z CB51 |- |910 |PS7876 |Z BP55 |- |911 |PT2460 |Z CB42 |- |912 |PS8577 |Z YH58 |- |913 |HY8193 |Z YH51 |- |915 |PS9217 |Z YE92 |- |916 |KH786 |Z JF86 |- |917 |PT4680 |Z JG72 |- |918 |PR5893 |Z BP59 |- |919 |MD8309 |Z AT47 |- |920 |PR4725 |Z CB47 |- |921 |TX7289 |Z BP62 |- |922 |PT7993 |Z CB62 |- |923 |PR5054 |Z CB56 |- |925 |KH2393 |Z CB55 |- |926 |PV4370 |Z YH61 |- |927 |PV4337 | - |- |928 |PX1863 |Z YH81 |- |929 |PX1291 |Z YH78 |- |930 |PX2093 |Z YH66 |- |931 |KB3080 |Z CR02 |- |932 |PX6619 |Z YF15 |- |933 |PX9660 |Z CB54 |- |935 |PY3891 |Z BP56 |- |936 |KE8540 |Z BP57 |- |937 |RD1157 |Z HQ69 |- |938 |RD1033 |Z CB59 |- |939 |TU3875 |Z AT50 |- |950 |TV4059 |Z BP64 |- |951 |TV6295 |Z GY10 |- |952 |TV6249 |Z GW85 |- |953 |TV6069 |Z GQ53 |- |955 |TV6114 |Z CB66 |- |956 |TX1386 |Z AT52 |- |959 |TX4406 |Z AT48 |- |960 |TW4614 |Z CB44 |- |961 |TX2563 |Z JC73 |- |962 |TX2646 |Z AT53 |- |963 |TY5178 |Z YP28 |- |965 |TZ5773 |Z HR00 |- |966 |TY9130 |Z YP33 |- |968 |TY6326 |Z YE45 |- |969 |TX6426 |Z YP30 |- |970 |UA5623 |Z HV50 |- |971 |TZ4161 |Z HV41 |- |972 |TZ3621 |Z BP58 |- |973 |TZ4121 |Z JF23 |- |975 |TZ3203 |Z JA58 |- |976 |UA9222 |Z HH78 |- |977 |UG3023 |Z CB46 |- |978 |UC3022 |Z GE14 |- |979 |UE5928 |Z JH59 |- |980 |UC4207 |Z BP67 |- |981 |UD8259 |Z JJ75 |- |982 |UD6238 |Z HF41 |- |983 |UE9868 |Z AT51 |- |985 |UD8225 |Z GY31 |- |986 |UD6351 |Z CB65 |- |987 |UG8785 |Z GY49 |- |988 |UG9825 |Z HW06 |- |989 |UE9843 |Z JC61 |- |990 |UM1655 |Z JA37 |- |991 |UG2161 |Z JB19 |- |992 |UG1252 |Z GY08 |- |993 |UJ8082 |Z JA59 |- |995 |UL6906 |Z AT49 |- |996 |UL6531 |Z AT54 |- |997 |UL7778 |Z CB67 |- |998 |UY9808 |Z CB60 |} ===而家嘅巴士=== * [[Irisbus EuroRider]] 397E.12.43：[[Noge]] Touring Star車身 * [[猛獅A91|猛獅]] RR2: GEMILANG COMFORTLINE 車身 * [[Scania K-series|斯堪尼亞K310IB]]：蘇州金龍（海格）A50／[[捷聯車身工程|捷聯]]JL-09車身 * [[Scania K124|斯堪尼亞K124IB]]：[[Irizar|IRIZAR]] Century II車身 * [[Scania K114|斯堪尼亞K114IB]]：[[中港車身製造廠|中港之星]]／IRIZAR Century II車身 * [[Scania K94|斯堪尼亞K94IB]]：中港之星／中港CK2004／IRIZAR Century II車身（K94IB配IRIZAR Century II車身係港澳共同車款） * [[富豪B9R]]：捷聯JL-09車身 * [[富豪B7R]]：捷聯JL-05車身 * [[猛獅A91|猛獅18.360 HOCL/R（A91）]]（歐盟V型）：[[宇通客車|宇通]]車身（宇通官方名係ZK6128HD） * 猛獅18.350 HOCL/R（A91）（歐盟IV型）：中港之星車身 * [[猛獅A51|猛獅18.360 HOCL/R（A51）]]（歐盟III型）：捷聯JL-07／MTrans MM10／MTrans MM20／SKS e128i車身 * 猛獅18.310 HOCL/R（A51）（歐盟III型）：Creative／MTrans MM20車身 * 猛獅18.360 HOCL/R（A82/A55）（歐盟III型）：宇通Liontong／SKS e128i車身（A82/A55為中國製底盤） * [[猛獅客車]]LBC6120：中港之星車身（呢款車冇猛獅技術，只採用猛獅A55底盤及猛獅引擎） * [[日產柴油]]JP253S：河源銀龍車身 * [[五十鈴LV底盤|五十鈴LV423R]]：捷聯JL-07車身 * 宇通ZK6129HC：宇通車身 * 宇通ZK6119HC：宇通車身 * 宇通ZK6100H：宇通車身（港澳共同車款） * 宇通ZK6589HA：宇通車身 * [[豐田Coaster]] EX（港澳共同車款） * [[三菱Fuso Rosa]]（港澳共同車款） * 青年尼奧普蘭Starliner JNP6127EA（內地限定） * 西沃客車XW6122_（採用富豪B7R底盤）：西沃9300車身（內地限定） * 猛獅18.310 HOCL/R：中通車身（中通官方名係LCK6127H-3）（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6120HR：宇通車身（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6120HK：宇通車身（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6129HB：宇通車身（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6120HB：宇通車身（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6129H：宇通車身（內地限定） * 中通LCK6126H-2：中通車身（內地限定） * 中通LCK6126H：中通車身（內地限定） * 中通LCK6107H：中通車身（內地限定） * 中通LCK6125H：中通車身（內地限定） * 中通LCK6127H-1：中通車身（內地限定） * 中通Bova Futura：Bova Futura車身（內地限定） * 蘇州金龍（海格）KLQ6896：蘇州金龍（海格）車身（內地限定） * 蘇州金龍（海格）KLQ6129：蘇州金龍（海格）車身（內地限定） * [[金龍汽車|廈門金龍]]XMQ6115B：廈門金龍車身（內地限定） * 廈門金龍MQ6115：廈門金龍車身（內地限定） * 廈門金龍XMQ6115FB：廈門金龍身（內地限定） * 廈門金龍XMQ6118CB：廈門金龍車身（內地限定） * 廈門金龍XMQ6830HE：廈門金龍車身（內地限定） * 廈門金龍XMQ6112FBW：廈門金龍車身（內地限定） * 福田BJ6880U6LHB-1：福田車身（內地限定） * 金旅XML611202A：金旅車身（內地限定） * 金旅XML6120E5G：金旅車身（內地限定） * 金旅XML6129E6A：金旅車身（內地限定） * 金旅XML6129E5：金旅車身（內地限定） * 四川一汽豐田Coaster SCT6700BB54L（內地限定） * JMC JX6700D2：JMC車身（內地限定） * Yangcheng YC6701C1：Yangcheng車身（內地限定） * 申龍SLK68630FIG：Sunlong車身（內地限定） * Jinwei GZ6700E：Jinwei車身（內地限定） * 宇通ZK6108HGB：宇通車身（澳門限定） * [[現代汽車|現代]]Aero Express HSX（澳門限定） * 現代Universe Space Noble（澳門限定） * [[三菱Fuso Aero Midi]] MK217J（澳門限定） ===舊時嘅巴士=== * [[五十鈴Super Cruiser|五十鈴LV781R：ISUZU Super Cruiser車身]] * [[五十鈴Gala|五十鈴LV723R：ISUZU GALA Hi-Decker車身]] * 日產柴油RP252NSN：[[富士重工]]7E車身 * 日產柴油RP210NSN：富士重工7E車身 * 日產柴油JA452SAN：[[SC Auto INdustries|SC]] Euroclass車身 ==路線== ===獨營=== 香港市區、[[香港國際機場]]、[[亞洲國際博覽館]]、[[香港迪士尼樂園]]、[[澳門]]來往[[廣州]]、[[佛山]]、[[南海]]、[[東莞]]、[[肇慶]]、[[中山]][[石岐]][[古鎮]][[小欖]]、[[順德]][[碧桂園]]、[[開平]]、[[廣西]]、[[番禺]][[祈福新邨]]、[[新會]]、[[江門]]、[[台山]]、[[大梅沙]]、[[大鵬]]、[[南澳]]。 ===聯營=== *[[跨境全日通]] **灣仔跨境全日通 ***[[皇崗口岸]]←→[[灣仔碼頭]] ****全日廿四小時提供服務 **旺角跨境全日通 ***皇崗口岸←→[[太子 (香港)|太子]][[鴉蘭街]] ****全日廿四小時提供服務 **錦上路跨境全日通 ***皇崗口岸←→[[錦上路站|港鐵錦上路站]] ****早上至傍晚提供服務 **深西特快 ***[[華僑城]]（[[世界之窗 (深圳)|世界之窗]]）←→[[深圳灣口岸]]←→[[九龍塘公共運輸交匯處]] ****早上至午夜提供服務 *[[沙巴特快]]（同 [[中港通]]、[[環島旅運]]、[[東僑客運]]合作） **[[沙頭角]]←→[[粉嶺]]←→[[九龍塘]]→旺角 ***早上至傍晚提供服務 ****傍晚繁忙時間提供由沙頭角前往旺角服務 == 旗下中國大陸公司 == 根據中國大陸規定，除獲豁免嘅公司外，所有經營中國大陸客運服務嘅公司唔可以用全外資身份經營。香港中旅汽車服務同中國大陸嘅合作伙伴組成以下公司（俗稱「牌頭」）經營跨境巴士服務： * [[世界之窗 (深圳)|深圳世界之窗]]有限公司（限左軚） * 深圳和興中港運輸有限公司 * 廣東僑旅客運服務有限公司 * 廣東鴻岸客運有限公司 * 廣東港中旅旅運有限公司 * 廣東港中旅金煌運輸有限公司 ==連出去== * [http://ctsbus.hkcts.com/ 香港中旅汽車服務有限公司] *[http://hkctsbus.gobybus.hk 中旅巴士網上購票（Go巴出行提供）] [[Category:香港跨境巴士]] [[Category:香港中旅集團]] 9q8a6llnnzi6iax5jtm77sxsitrs413 0 99855 2416383 857876 2026-06-05T02:38:11Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vendemiaire.jpg | thumb | right | 繪]]'''葡月'''（法文：'''Vendémiaire'''）係[[法國共和曆]]入面每年嘅第1個月，約莫係[[格里曆]][[9月22號]]到[[10月21號]]，亦即約莫係[[天秤座]]嘅日子。 葡月個[[法文]]名嚟自[[奧克文]]「vendemiaire」，即係[[提子]]（葡萄）嘅收成。 ==日子== *[[葡月1號]] *[[葡月2號]] *[[葡月3號]] *[[葡月4號]] *[[葡月5號]] *[[葡月6號]] *[[葡月7號]] *[[葡月8號]] *[[葡月9號]] *[[葡月10號]] *[[葡月11號]] *[[葡月12號]] *[[葡月13號]] *[[葡月14號]] *[[葡月15號]] *[[葡月16號]] *[[葡月17號]] *[[葡月18號]] *[[葡月19號]] *[[葡月20號]] *[[葡月21號]] *[[葡月22號]] *[[葡月23號]] *[[葡月24號]] *[[葡月25號]] *[[葡月26號]] *[[葡月27號]] *[[葡月28號]] *[[葡月29號]] *[[葡月30號]] {{法國共和曆月份}} [[Category:法國共和曆月份|01]] o03fs784ly6v8pmw6zltrmqa08fy30p 0 102030 2416337 2340937 2026-06-05T01:47:15Z HenryLi 14 通。修 2416337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|35|51|28|N|128|35|28|E|region:KR_type:railwaystation_source:kolossus-kowiki|display=title}} {{Infobox Korean name | hangul = 명덕역 | hanja = 明德驛 | rr = Myeongdeokyeok | mr = Myŏngdŏngnyŏk }} [[File:Daegu-metropolitan-transit-corporation-129-Myeongdeok-station-platform-20161008-171038.jpg | thumb | right | 月臺]] '''明德站'''（{{jpingauto|ming4 dak1 zaam6}}；{{kor|名=南|漢='''明德驛'''|諺='''명덕역'''|羅=Myeongdeok-yeok}}）係[[韓國]][[車站]]，喺[[大邱]]中區嘅{{link-ko|南山洞 (大邱)|남산동 (대구)|南山洞}}，屬[[大邱地鐵1號線]]、地鐵3號線。2009年3月13號，出口度裝咗[[𨋢]]。 ==上一站·下一站== {| class="wikitable" |- ! 上一站 !! 大邱地鐵1號線 !! 下一站 |- | [[教大站]]<br>去[[大谷站]] || '''明德站''' || [[半月堂站]]<br>去[[安心站]] |- ! 上一站 !! 大邱地鐵3號線 !! 下一站 |- | [[南山站 (大邱)|南山站]]<br>去[[漆谷慶大病院站]] || '''明德站''' || [[斗笠岩站]]<br>去[[龍池站]] |} == 連出去 == * [http://www.dtro.or.kr/open_content/en/virtual_station/panorama_station/station_panorama/index129.php 線路參攷] {{大邱地鐵|1號線=yes|3號線=yes}} [[Category:大邱地鐵站]] g9pg3e9nj5nmsgovknsn3o1oxi0388a 0 106851 2416350 2261078 2026-06-05T02:08:57Z HenryLi 14 修 2416350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{HK future infrastructure}} [[File:Proposed site of Tuen Mun South Station.JPG|thumb|屯門南站建議位置，而家係[[湖景路]]]] '''屯門南站'''係[[香港]][[車站]]，正在興建，喺[[港鐵]]{{屯馬綫}}，服務[[屯門]]南，架空[[湖景路]]上。呢個站預計喺2023年興建、2030年啟用<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://inews.hket.com/article/2656672/|title=港鐵展開屯門南延綫項目設計招標　預期2030年竣工|publisher=inews.hket|date=2020-05-29}}</ref>。 == 計劃 == 早喺2000年，呢個站已經被香港納入《[[鐵路發展策略2000]]》嘅檢討報告入面<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourfuturerailway.hk/index_tc.html?p=003c |title=屯門南延綫及洪水橋站 |access-date=2015-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225052348/http://www.ourfuturerailway.hk/index_tc.html?p=003c |archive-date=2013-02-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。到咗2013年，[[路政署]]就開展[[鐵路發展策略#檢討及修訂《鐵路發展策略2000》|我們未來的鐵路]]項目諮詢公眾，喺2014年9月《[[鐵路發展策略2014]]》公佈咗呢個站會係將來會起嘅[[屯門南延綫]]入面嘅一個站。呢個站由屯門站向南延伸到蝴蝶灣東面開設嘅屯門南站，到嗰陣屯門站將由[[屯馬綫]]新界西嘅終點站變咗中途站，呢個計劃最初建議喺2019年開工、2022年啟用<ref name="rds2014">《[http://www.thb.gov.hk/tc/psp/publications/transport/publications/rds2014.pdf 鐵路發展策略2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412091351/http://www.thb.gov.hk/tc/psp/publications/transport/publications/rds2014.pdf |date=2016年4月12號 }}》（第28-30、46頁），2014年9月，運輸及房屋局</ref>。2020年5月29號，[[行政長官會同行政會議]]正式批准政府邀請[[港鐵公司]]開展屯門南延線項目嘅詳細規劃同設計，喺工程時間上就改做2023年開工、2030年啟用<ref name=hkgov20200529>{{cite web |title=政府邀請港鐵公司開展屯門南延線項目詳細規劃及設計 |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202005/29/P2020052900370.htm |publisher=[[政府新聞處]] |date=2020-05-29}}</ref><ref>[https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr19-20/chinese/panels/tp/tp_rdp/papers/tp_rdp20200605cb4-646-1-c.pdf 立法會交通事務委員會 鐵路事宜小組委員會 屯門南延線]</ref>。 == 車站結構 == 呢個站計劃係架空車站，以島式月台去起，同埋呢個站嘅規模會比較細<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20201114/bkn-20201114145714596-1114_00822_001.html|title=屯門南延線2030年通車　兩新站擬以架空形式建設|publisher=[[東方日報]]|date=2020-11-14|access-date=2021-02-12}}</ref>。 === 鄰接車站 === {{屯馬綫各站|（建議緊）}} == 攷 == {{Reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * [http://mtrtuenmunsouth.hk/new-stations/#tuenMun 全新車站 - MTR] {{港鐵車站}} [[Category:屯門]] [[Category:屯門區港鐵車站]] {{HK-rail-stub}} r2axov6z8n3vo5qo891bc7iocy9dtoy 0 107811 2416321 1141489 2026-06-05T01:22:08Z HenryLi 14 通 2416321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''波斯尼亞文'''（'''bosanski'''）係[[波斯尼亞]][[官方語言]]，係[[塞爾維亞-克羅地亞文|塞爾維亞克羅地亞文]]分支，有超過250萬人用。 [[Category:波斯尼亞文| ]] {{語言楔}} mh1avoeh3e8uyqzn5bwgzdh7s0n38qa 0 120673 2416357 2350531 2026-06-05T02:18:40Z ~2026-33297-66 338812 /* */ 2416357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 圖片 =羅蘭.jpg | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 姓名 = 羅蘭 | 原名 = 盧燕英 | 暱稱 = 羅蘭姐、龍婆、聖羅蘭 | 英文名 = Helena | 羅馬拼音 = Lo Law Lan{{Cn}} | 民族 = [[印度]][[混血兒]]{{Cn}} | 籍貫 = [[廣東]][[番禺]] | 國籍 = {{HKG}}<br>{{JPN}}<br>{{GBN}} | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and _age|1934|11|13}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1910}} | 宗教信仰 = [[天主教]] | 出道地點 = {{HKG-1941}} | 出道日期 = 1939年 | 出道作 = 《[[好女十八嫁續集]]》（1939年） | 教育程度 = 中學 | 母校 = | 職業 = [[演員]]、[[主持]] | 語言 = [[日文]]{{Cn}}、[[英文]]、[[粵語]] | 經紀公司 = [[無綫電視]]（1967 - 1969；1971 - 1993；1994 - 2004；2006 - 2007；2008 - 2009；2011 -2025）<br>[[麗的映聲]]（1970 - 1971）<br>[[亞洲電視]]（2005 - 2006；2007 - 2008）<br>[[邵氏兄弟]]（2018 - ） | imdb = 0492352 | 官方網站 = | hongkongfilmawards = {{獎項|award=最佳女主角 |year=2000年 |title=《[[爆裂刑警]]》 |role=四婆}} | goldenbauhiniaawards = {{獎項|award=最佳女配角 |year=2000年 |title=《[[爆裂刑警]]》 |role=四婆}} | hkfcsawards = {{獎項|award=最佳女演員|year=2000年 |title=《[[爆裂刑警]]》 |role=四婆}} | tvbanniversaryawards = {{獎項|award=萬千光輝演藝大獎|year=2002年}} | awards = '''[[TVB馬來西亞星光薈萃頒獎典禮]]'''<br>{{獎項|award=TVB星光成就大獎 |year=2014年}} }} '''羅蘭'''{{MH}}（{{Jpingauto|lo4 laan4}}，{{bd|1934年|11月13號}}），原名'''盧燕英'''，係[[香港]]女演員，活躍喺[[電視]]同[[電影]]，攞過2000年[[香港電影金像獎]]最佳女主角。做過[[無綫電視]]旗下藝人，至2025年約滿離開<ref>{{引新聞|url=http://news.mingpao.com/pns/娛樂/article/20251130/s00016/1764436379679/|title=羅蘭離巢無綫：可能不再需要阿婆演戲|newspaper=[[明報]]|language=Zh-hant|date=2025年11月30號}}</ref>。 == 個人榮譽 == * [[第19屆香港電影金像獎]]最佳女主角（2000年，《[[爆裂刑警]]》） * [[榮譽勳章 (香港)|榮譽勳章]]（2002年）<ref>{{Cite press release|url=http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200206/30/0629176.htm|title=二○○二年授勳名單|language=Zh-hant|publisher=香港政府新聞公報|date=2002年6月30號}}</ref> * 無綫電視《[[萬千星輝賀台慶]]》「萬千光輝演藝大獎」（2002年） * [[嶺南大學 (香港)|嶺南大學]]榮譽院士（2018年）<ref>{{Cite press release|url=http://www.ln.edu.hk/cht/news/20180926/lingnan-university-to-confer-honorary-fellowships-upon-four-distinguished-individuals|title=嶺南大學將頒授榮譽院士銜予四位傑出人士|language=Zh-hant|publisher=[[嶺南大學 (香港)]]|date=2018年9月26號|access-date=2020年3月7號|archive-date=2019年9月2號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902005700/https://www.ln.edu.hk/cht/news/20180926/lingnan-university-to-confer-honorary-fellowships-upon-four-distinguished-individuals/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|url=http://www.ln.edu.hk/cht/news/20181011/lingnan-university-confers-honorary-fellowships-upon-four-distinguished-individuals-2018|title=嶺南大學頒授榮譽院士銜予四位傑出人士|language=Zh-hant|publisher=[[嶺南大學 (香港)]]|date=2018年10月11號|access-date=2020年3月7號|archive-date=2020年3月27號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327215152/https://www.ln.edu.hk/cht/news/20181011/lingnan-university-confers-honorary-fellowships-upon-four-distinguished-individuals-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=http://www.ln.edu.hk/f/upload/33874/Ms%20Helena%20LO_Chi.pdf|title=贊辭　盧燕英女士（藝名羅蘭女士）, MH|format=PDF|language=Zh-hant|publisher=[[嶺南大學 (香港)]]|access-date=2020年3月7號|archive-date=2020年3月28號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328045931/https://www.ln.edu.hk/f/upload/33874/Ms%20Helena%20LO_Chi.pdf|url-status=dead}}／{{引網|url=http://www.ln.edu.hk/f/upload/33991/2018_helenaloyinying.pdf|title=Citation　Ms Helena LO Yin-Ying (alias LAW Lan), MH|format=PDF|language=En|publisher=[[嶺南大學 (香港)]]|access-date=2020年3月7號|archive-date=2020年3月28號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328045931/https://www.ln.edu.hk/f/upload/33991/2018_helenaloyinying.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == 攷 == {{Reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * {{藝人外連}} * {{TVBartiste|lawlan|羅蘭}} {{香港電影金像獎最佳女主角}} {{香港電影評論學會大獎最佳女演員}} {{香港電影金紫荊獎最佳女配角}} {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:盧氏|燕英]] [[Category:混血兒]] [[Category:祖籍番禺]] [[Category:香港天主教徒]] [[類:香港電視女演員]] [[Category:香港粵語片演員]] [[Category:前亞洲電視女藝員]] [[類:前無綫電視女藝員]] [[Category:香港電影女演員]] [[類:香港電影評論學會大獎最佳女演員]] [[類:香港電影金紫荊獎最佳女配角]] [[類:嶺南大學 (香港) 榮譽院士‎‎]] b8obs0pcduhejar6r9q5okyymo41cpn 0 121894 2416324 2052166 2026-06-05T01:29:00Z HenryLi 14 通 2416324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|Mini CD}} {{Infobox media | name = MiniDisc | logo = File:MiniDisc-Logo.svg | image = File:Pile_of_Blank_MiniDiscs.jpg | caption = | type = [[光碟]] | encoding = [[ATRAC]]（Adactive Transform Audio Coding） | capacity = 60分鐘<br>74分鐘<br>80分鐘 | blocksize = 64mm | read = 約382 - 3600rpm（{{link-en|恆定線性速度|Constant linear velocity}}）<br>[[λ]] = 780nm （激光輸出） | write = 磁界変調オーバーライト | standard = | owner = [[索尼]] | use = 儲存媒體 | dimensions = D 68 × W 72 × H 5mm | weight = | extended from = | extended to = | released = 1992年9月 }} [[File:Sony_MiniDisc_MD_Recorder_MDS-81.jpg|thumb|250px|SONY MDS-B1錄音座]] {{redirect|MD}} '''MiniDisc'''（{{lang|ja|ミニディスク}}，通常簡稱'''MD'''）係[[音樂光碟]]產品，1992年由日本[[索尼|新力公司]]發賣，用咗[[磁碟]]同[[光碟]]技術，唔單止體積細過[[CD|光碟]]，而且操作方式都差唔多。 使用方式其實好簡單，佢通常只需要準備數碼光纖訊號線、模擬訊號線又或者係[[咪高峰]]連過去就可以進行錄音操作，如果想連接電腦嘅話就一定要用[[USB]]搞。 == 概要 == 1984年10月，索尼成功推出手提CD機[[Discman]]之後，令啲人嘅聽歌方式更加方便，就連唱片公司所發行嘅專輯亦都開始出咗CD版本。Discman無論係操作方面定係聲音質素，都遠遠超過早期嘅卡式帶機。初時[[飛利浦]]打算同索尼繼續合作可替代嘅音樂產品，不過仲未成功。於是索尼用咗一年時間，成功研發出呢個全新嘅音響規格（由於MD嘅核心技術主要係出自早期嘅[[磁碟|磁光]]技術；而且喺1980年代發表嘅[[軟碟]]同[[MO]]規格經已非常成熟）。 雖然索尼喺1992年5月開始推出第一部支援防震嘅Discman，不過佢個機身都幾大部（初頭只得3秒防震）。同年10月，索尼正式發佈第一部MD Walkman MZ-1同埋放音機MZ-2P，佢哋係頭一部搭載數碼光纖輸出同輸入嘅產品。 除咗日本之外，MD喺西方國家亦都幾流行，尤其香港係日本以外最多人使用MD產品嘅亞洲地區之一。唔單止索尼，包括[[松下]]、[[聲寶]]都有人用，尤其最醒目嘅EL綫控都有錄音撳掣，非常方便（可以顯示歌名、歌手名、曲目經過時間、總長度、唱碟名、錄音時間、錄音模式）。而且唱片公司出過嘅MD專輯響CD舖都有得賣，之不過呢啲嘢價錢好高亦都好少人儲錢買碟，所以推出一段時間就已經冇咗。 2000年代開始，由於方便下載嘅[[MP3]]數碼音樂格式快速冒起，亦令索尼再次發圍繼續推出NetMD同埋Hi-MD產品<ref>{{引網 |url=https://hk.appledaily.com/tech/20040723/U73BGCBIWQFZKT5YF2HCUA6PBQ/ |title=數碼影音： SONYMD反擊戰一隻Hi-MD錄足13小時 - 蘋果日報 |access-date=2020年8月15號 |archive-date=2020年8月15號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815205556/https://hk.appledaily.com/tech/20040723/U73BGCBIWQFZKT5YF2HCUA6PBQ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>。 == 基本構造 == 錄音MD嘅曬士差唔多係2.5英吋，外表接近軟碟，光碟本身擺喺一個方型塑膠殼入面，下面有一粒防寫裝置，側面有一個Shutter。不過唱片公司賣嘅MD專輯同[[CD-DA|CD專輯]]一樣都係工廠整出嚟嘅，只可以聽，唔畀錄音。 == 機能一覽 == === 工作原理 === MD本身以磁光效應（Magneto-optic Kerr effect）將檔案寫入TOC（table of contents），因此開始錄音嘅時候，光碟上面嘅磁性介質就會被加熱到居里點（Curie point）；即係話一個Track記錄完畢之後，就可以響下一個Track開始記錄，讀取放音嘅時候都一樣。 === 編輯功能 === MD擁有[[卡式錄音帶|卡式帶]]嘅錄音功能同埋[[CD]]嘅快速選曲播放，而且一隻MD碟至多可以記低255個Track Number，無論係上堂時間寫筆記、記者採訪、[[Demo (音樂)|音樂Demo]]、[[收集|私家收藏]]等等，因此人人都可以隨時隨地用佢補充所需要嘅嘢（又或者拎走唔需要嘅嘢），而且反覆編輯咁多次亦都影響唔到聲音質素。 *Combine / Track Mark off：黐埋 / 少咗一個片段。 *Devide / Track Mark on：分開 / 多咗一個片段。 *End Search：剩低嘅錄音時間。 *Erase：洗咗成隻碟。 <center> {| class="wikitable" |+錄音同傳送模式 !rowspan=3|錄音模式 !rowspan=3|位元速率（千位元/秒） !rowspan=3|編碼 !colspan=2|可用性同容量（分鐘） |- !標準MD播放機 !MDLP播放機 |- !colspan=2|80分MD碟 |- !立體聲模式（Stereo SP） |292 |ATRAC | style="background:#bfb;"|80 | style="background:#bfb;"|80 |- !單聲道模式（Mono SP） |146 |ATRAC | style="background:#bfb;"|160 | style="background:#bfb;"|160 |- !LP2模式 |132 |ATRAC3 |n/a | style="background:#bfb;"|160 |- ! – |105 |ATRAC3 |n/a | style="background:#fbb;"|127 |- !LP4模式 |66 |ATRAC3 |n/a | style="background:#bfb;"|320 |} </center> #" – "代表電腦傳送嘅[[位元速率]]（使用OpenMG Jukebox / [[SonicStage]]軟件）<ref name=":SonicStage 3.0">[https://www.sony.jp/ServiceArea/impdf/pdf/2632441021.pdf SonicStage 3.0取扱説明書 - pdf]</ref>。 #唔支援[[Macintosh 電腦|Macintosh電腦]]<ref name=":SonicStage 3.0"/>。 === 編碼技術 === MD使用索尼自主開發嘅[[ATRAC]]（Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding）編碼，佢可以將一隻CD壓縮到原始檔案嘅五分之一。2000年所開發嘅ATRAC3技術係之前嘅兩倍（即係原始檔案嘅十分之一），如果用LP2模式至多可以記錄160分鐘，而用LP4可以記錄320分鐘。 === 版權保護 === MD主要係使用[[SCMS]]（Serial Copy Management System，序列複製管理系統）做版權保護嘅，即係話用咗過一次數碼錄音之後就唔可以進行相同方式記錄，不過模擬錄音就無呢個限制。 === 防跳操作 === MD唔單止迫近CD音質，而且可以避免跳綫造成聲音中斷，一般嚟講就係利用緩衝儲存（Memory Buffer）完成快速讀取嘅動作；不過佢開機嘅時候至少需要6秒鐘左右嘅時間去讀碟，存取完畢之後，唱機摩打就會停止運作，令電池更慳電。 == 相 == <gallery> File:Sony_MZ-1_and_a_disc_20040221.jpg|SONY MZ-1 File:Memorex-minidisc.jpg|空白MD碟 File:Minidisc_disassembled.jpg|一隻MD畀拆開 File:Printed_MiniDisc_Radiohead_Album_(Obverse).png|一張MD專輯（正面） File:Printed_MiniDisc_Radiohead_Album_(Reverse).png|一張MD專輯（背面） File:Sony_Walkman_MZ-R35.jpg|SONY MZ-R35錄音機 File:Walkman_MZ-E35_1.JPG|SONY MZ-E35 MD Player正面 File:Walkman_MZ-E35_2.JPG|SONY MZ-E35 MD Player機械構造 File:Walkman_MZ-E35_RemoteController.JPG|原裝綫控 File:SHARP_MD-MS701H.jpg|SHARP MD-MS701H File:Sony-MZ-N707-MD-Walkman.jpg|SONY MZ-N707 Net MD Walkman File:Sony_MD_Warkman_MZ_N920.jpg|SONY MZ-N920 Net MD Walkman </gallery> == 睇埋 == {{Div col|2}} *[[Walkman]] *[[PCM]] *[[CD]] *[[DAT]] *[[MD Data]] *[[ATRAC]] *[[SonicStage]] *[[OpenMG]] *[[Universal Media Disc]] *[[Hi-MD]] {{Div col end}} == 參考 == {{Reflist}} {{索尼}} [[Category:索尼]] [[Category:光碟]] mg81l65o9vepe305zxvv9ixe7125oje 0 125984 2416447 2251550 2026-06-05T04:22:25Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{整數|num=801}} [[File:Ruta801transbarca.png | thumb | right | 數字圖]] '''801'''係[[{{#expr:(801-1)}}]]同[[{{#expr:(801+1)}}]]之間嘅[[自然數]]。 ==睇埋== * [[801年]] [[Category:整數]] [[Category:自然數]] {{Num-stub}} 3yd3bp0qo9u09z8td6yvwrcf1rm0ifh 0 132991 2416313 1119730 2026-06-05T01:17:08Z HenryLi 14 通 2416313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses|other=江蘇徐州一個市轄區|雲龍區}} '''雲龍'''係[[中國]]一縣，喺[[雲南]][[大理州]]，面積4400平方公里，人口20萬。 {{雲南政區}} [[類:雲南政區]] {{中國楔}} bnr4n0goshge9z6pv446qdrzad4v6e8 0 133242 2416473 2411249 2026-06-05T06:34:22Z InternetArchiveBot 158703 救返0個出處、嘜低1個死咗。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2416473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SEKMUN NATIONAL FOREST PARK.jpg|thumb|300px|石門國家森林公園嘅正門]] {{Ruby-粵讀|'''石門國家森林公園'''|sek6 mun4 gwok3 gaa1 sam1 lam4 gung1 jyun2}}，簡稱'''石門'''（{{jpautocore|sek6 mun4}}），係[[中華人民共和國|中國]][[廣東]][[廣州]]嘅一間森林公園，亦係1995年經[[中華人民共和國林業部|林業部]]批准而搞嘅公園兼中國第一間國際森林浴場，喺[[從化]][[溫泉鎮 (廣州)|溫泉鎮]]桃園村，X934鄉道嘅K12～K25標記位（大嶺山林場附近）。 呢間公園既係[[北回歸線]]嘅一片[[綠洲]]，又係一年四季都有靚景睇嘅景區，甚至係廣東最受歡迎嘅外景攝影基地。另外，廣州嘅最高峰——[[天堂頂 (廣州)|天堂頂]]就響呢個景區入面。 ==概況== 公園嘅佔地面積2636[[公頃]]。森林覆蓋率去到98.9%，其中華南地區保存得最好嘅原始生態林有1.6萬畝。山唔單止高，而且樹木都好多。而氣候方面，雖然夏天唔係好熱，但冬天好凍下。年平均氣溫21.4℃；7月平均氣溫得28.5℃，極端最高氣溫都唔過30℃；雖然冬天平均溫度得12.4℃，但山頂景區極端最低氣溫可以去到-6℃<ref>[http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201402/12/73437_34993286.htm 石门公园昨日最低零下6℃ 春天可到从化看冰挂]{{Deadlink}} 大洋网 （2014-02-12）</ref>；而最高嘅天堂頂，極端最低氣溫可以去到-8.6℃<ref>[http://news.dayoo.com/guangdong/201601/24/139996_46341208.htm 南昆山天堂顶录得-8°C 惠州下起“米粒雪”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125082559/http://news.dayoo.com/guangdong/201601/24/139996_46341208.htm |date=2016年1月25號 }} 廣州日報大洋網 （2016-01-24）</ref><ref>[http://hz.southcn.com/content/2016-01/24/content_141385611.htm 南昆山天堂顶雾凇冰挂雨夹雪 雕琢冰雪世界] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210181717/http://hz.southcn.com/content/2016-01/24/content_141385611.htm |date=2018年2月10號 }} 南方网 （2016-01-24）</ref>。佢亦係廣州地區最凍嘅地方。 呢個景區有好多個動植物。其中植物分有98個科、168個屬、409樖樹，夾埋有1300個種，其中有50種係名貴稀有及瀕危樹種。包括咗[[穗花杉]]、[[野山荼]]、[[伯樂樹]]、[[桫欏樹]]、[[繡球茜]]等幾十種植物；珍貴動物包括咗[[白頸長尾雉]]、[[蟒蛇]]、[[水獺]]、[[白鷳]]、[[細鴉鵑]]、及[[靈貓]]等廿幾種動物。 ==景區== 成間公園有5個森林生態遊覽區、1個生態保護區同1個綜合服務區。從景區入口開始入去無耐，分有石門同石灶兩條路，石門嗰條落去山腳，而石灶嗰條上去山頂，但天堂頂景區暫未開放<ref>[http://epaper.xxsb.com/showNews/2015-10-20/269334.html 网文推荐上天堂顶看云海]{{Deadlink}} 信息时报 （2015-10-20）</ref>。 ===石門（落去山腳）=== {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 210 |image1 =HungFungWu.jpg | caption1= 紅楓湖 |image2 =FuJungZaanDou.jpg | caption2= 芙蓉棧道 |image3 =SekMunKaiLau.jpg | caption3= 石門溪流 |image4 =SekMunHoengSyut.jpg | caption4= 石門香雪 }} 公園北邊一景，入門之後行左邊條路入去，屬落坡道路。嗰度可以睇到紅楓湖、芙蓉棧道、石門花田、石門香雪、石門溪流景區。雖然石門溪流亦係公園海拔最低嘅地方，但係過咗石門溪流之後繼續行落去，就係直線上山地方，可以去到三仙會天堂同天堂頂景區。 景區由於石山壁立、怪石超多、山巔古松又多又有力，好似開咗嗰兩條石門噉。重神秘嘅係兩邊各有一樖千年古榕、好似對公乸[[獅子]]睺住石門噉。所以「石門」嘅名係噉嚟。 ====水景紅葉——紅楓湖==== {{main|白茫潭水庫}} 景區西北角一景，亦係休閒踏青嘅好去處，有長達800m嘅環湖樟木棧道，周圍都有[[楓樹]]，而且湖對面有[[山烏桕]]。每年10月到第二年1月期間，有好多人嚟呢度睇紅葉，因為嗰時陽光射落啲樹葉度出現光影交錯現象，而成為一片五彩斑斕嘅童話世界噉。尤其係太陽落山時最靚，好似條火紅飄帶噉落到湖入面。 ====芙蓉棧道==== 景區西北角一景，係600m嘅石基親水步道同木板親水棧道。條路從入口開始一直到石門中心區，附近有石門香雪、石門中心區、石門幽谷同桃花園等景點。棧道同溪流接埋一齊，兩邊都有種[[芙蓉花]]。喺每年春末夏初時節，出現一日三變嘅照水芙蓉景象。尤其喺棧道入口附近有3個水池，每年夏天最多人嚟玩水。棧道重可以去到石門幽谷同三仙會天堂等景區。 ====石門溪流==== 景區北邊一景。啲水喺深山源頭流出，穿過山林好多嚿亂石、跟住喺兩樖千年古[[榕樹|榕]]之間兜彎噉流，溪水清到見底。每年夏天有好多遊客嚟呢度避暑。 ====石門森林探險區==== 景區東北角一景。兩座石山林立兼超多怪石，嗰度可以上到去三仙會天堂，路上啲風景喺春夏時期最靚。到三仙會天堂後有個12畝嘅細天池，跟住天池水渠條路可以上到去超多古樹嘅大森林，而且同石灶景區嘅森林小道連埋一齊。嗰度可以上去廣州最高峰——天堂頂。 ====石門香雪==== 景區北邊一景。入面有千畝連片嘅梅林，大多數係[[青梅]]。喺每年冬天開花時，睇落去好似北國風光噉，從好遠睇落去好似白雪噉。每年冬天有好多遊客嚟呢度睇[[梅]]。從2022年12月13號開始，景區亦開發咗通去大峽谷探險區嘅道路通上去石灶景區嘅蓮花湖、廣州第一臺嗰邊<ref name="WSLN">{{cite web|url=https://ysln.ycwb.com/content/2022-12/23/content_41256436.html|title=石门国家森林公园满山遍红，街坊可感受不一样的冬日韵味|work=羊城晚报 云上岭南|date=2022-12-23}}</ref>。 ====三仙會天堂==== ===石灶（上去山頂）=== 公園南邊一景，入門之後行右邊條路入去，屬上坡道路。嗰度可以睇到一年四季嘅植物景。紅葉喺秋末冬初可以望到；百雀歸巢喺春天可以望到；冰雪景要喺半佬比較凍嘅天氣先至望到。行入6.9km路程位置，可以望到廣州第一臺同蓮花湖；再行入4～5km路程，可以睇到天池花海、古樹園、水生植物園同國際森林浴場呢啲景區。 呢個景區因為有個天然石灶而改成噉嘅名。 {{ multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 240 |image1 =HungJipGok.jpg | caption1= 紅葉閣 |image2 =TinCiFaaHoi.jpg | caption2= 天池花海 |image3 =Path for Aquatic Plants Garden, Sekmun National Forest Park.jpg | caption3= 水生植物園 }} {{ multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 240 |image1 =LinFaaWu 1.jpg | caption1= 蓮花湖 |image2 =GZ 1st. Sightseeing Pavillion.jpg | caption2= 廣州第一臺（山腳） |image3 =SoengTinCi.jpg | caption3= 南天池 }} ====紅葉閣==== 景區西南角一景。嗰度啲楓樹以樹種統一兼色調比較靚而出名。大多數係[[楓香樹]]，從好遠地方望落去係紅一色，深秋時期有金黃色。每年秋天時，場景好似中國華北地區街頭或[[韓劇]]《[[藍色生死戀Ⅰ]]》嘅外景噉。 ====百雀歸巢==== 景區西南角一景。入面專門種咗好多[[禾雀花]]，喺每年3月中下旬到4月下旬開好多花。佢係公園乃至華南地區好少見嘅奇觀。 ====第一觀景台==== 又叫廣州第一台，景區西南角一景。去到亭閣位置有海拔888m高，亦係廣州地區最高嘅觀景台，有分主副兩塔。其中主塔佔地面積400m²，高10m，喺天晴時可以望到從化大部分地區。登山步道有900m長，一共999級，行嗮大概要半個鐘頭。喺山頂有兩座亭同一座信號塔喺度，喺觀龍閣入面，可以睇到「毛公臥景」、三仙會天堂、天堂頂、蓮花湖呢啲景區。 ====天池==== 景區有北天池同南天池之分，重有個花海喺度。 ;北天池 又嗌「下天池」或「石灶下庫」，喺景區南邊嘅石壁谷下游附近，X934鄉道嘅K18+920位置，湖邊係廣東最大嘅天然[[紅花荷]]林，每年1～3月先有花睇。近睇閃光浮動兼雲影徘徊，遠睇煙波浩渺兼碧波蕩漾。 ;南天池 又嗌「上天池」或「石灶上庫」，喺景區東南角，X934鄉道嘅K22+850位置，附近係海拔796m之地。佢既係公園第二大湖，面積約十幾公頃，又係石門八景——「石灶浮煙」嘅所在地。附近有碧雲湖同古樹園，隔籬有天池花海，嗰度有好多種色嘅花卉。雖然每年5～6月份有好多花開，好似臺劇《[[薰衣草 (電視劇)|薰衣草]]》嘅外景噉；但係每年1月係白雪一片，好似韓劇《[[藍色生死戀Ⅱ]]》嘅外景噉。景區一帶都係群山錯落、林木翠竹兼水天一色之地。 ;花海 喺景區東南角嘅南天池湖邊北邊，面積成百畝，跟住天池邊成2km路程，喺天池對面有1.6萬畝嘅原始次生林響度。佢亦係石灶景區嘅皇牌地方，四季有唔同嘅景。春天有黃金花海；夏天有夏日花海；秋天有七彩天池；冬天有類冰雪景。 ====古樹園==== 景區東南角一景。喺南天池對面有密密麻麻嘅原始次生林，有好多樹從出世到而家有成幾個世紀都有。入面重有條通去國際森林浴場嘅森林小道，同石門景區嘅森林探險區連埋一齊。條路全長大概1km，而且超靜，[[氧]][[負離子]]含量重多過好多座公園同山，啱嗮用嚟健身同呼吸新鮮空氣。 ====水生植物園==== 景區東南角一景，X934鄉道嘅K23+500位置（南天池嘅東邊）。有近百畝面積，既係廣州海拔最高兼面積最大嘅水生植物園，又係有科研、物種保育、科普教育同埋旅遊休閒功能喺埋一齊嘅綜合性水生植物園。入面種咗好多[[水生植物]]，喺植物園入面500幾米棧道入面，種咗[[睡蓮]]、[[美人蕉]]、[[水蔥]]、[[水竹]]、[[花葉蘆葦]]、[[水杉]]等植物。 ====國際森林浴場==== 景區東南角一景，所在地區有海拔790m咁高。佢既然係華南地區保存得比較好嘅南亞熱帶原始次生林，又係中國大陸第一間國際森林浴場。面積大概1.6萬畝，森林覆盖率去到98.9%。入面保存住複雜同穩定嘅生態系統同好多珍稀野生動植物。從好遠地方望過去，啲樹高到入雲。入面重唔停噉散發出又香又濃嘅揮發性物質，可以除菌同殺毒、淨化空氣、消除噪音都得，係名副其實嘅天然大氧吧，入面有120,000個/cm²嘅負離子含量。 ===峽谷探險區=== 又嗌「跌死狗」或「大峽谷」，景區中部一景，喺石門景區嘅石門香雪西南邊1.6km到石灶景區嘅蓮花湖北邊7.8km嘅位。景區早期一直未開發而唔對外，直到2022年12月13號先至搞好兼對外開放<ref name="WSLN" />。 ====石門大瀑布==== 佢係廣州地區海拔最高嘅天然瀑布，喺海拔788m高嘅位置傾瀉落嚟。落差188m，最闊有38m。從好遠嗰度望過去，似孔雀開屏噉。佢亦係公園嘅「孔雀飛瀑」稱呼之地。 ====古炭窯==== 紅花荷路口（石灶落山方向）入去800m路程同埋石門香雪（石門最㞘位）入去1.9km路程之間嘅海拔550m高崖地方。由負責搞「銀葉茶」嘅民福股份有限公司喺[[大清]][[光緒]]己亥年（1899年）搞出嚟。嗰時爲咗生計、靠山食山而利用咗周邊豐富嘅木材資源將樹木斬成好多橛而喺炭窯入面點著。燒到一定程度後先封住炭窯嚟防空氣入嚟，再用淨低啲熱量繼續加熱木材乾餾，碳化咗之後啲木材運到[[雞籠崗]]入面販賣。 ====千銀圳舊址==== 紅花荷路口（石灶落山方向）入去750m路程同埋石門香雪（石門最㞘位）入去1.95km路程之間嘅海拔552m高崖地方，大清光緒己亥年（1899年）起好，啲人用手開山劈石整渠引跌死狗啲水到塘仔淋農田。自從做「銀葉茶」嘅民福股份有限公司喺民國廿五年（1936年）執咗笠之後，茶園一直冇人理。直到1964年，知識青年爲咗解決塘仔工區冇電用嘅事而修復咗引水渠，而引水到塘仔發電。後嚟塘仔工區逐步完善三通{{NoteTag|呢度講嘅「三通」係通水、通電同埋通路嘅三樣民生事項。}}基礎設施，令千銀圳一直冇人理。 由於引水渠全長1.3km，放水時有銀白嘅山水落嚟，所以嗌成「千銀圳」。 ====珍珠瀑==== 紅花荷路口（石灶落山方向）入去830m路程同埋石門香雪（石門最㞘位）入去1.87km路程之間嘅海拔540m高崖地方。佢屬跌死狗嘅上游，溪流喺巖石上跌宕起伏，射出好多粒「珍珠」而改成噉嘅名。若果喺啱嘅角度，可以睇到[[彩虹]]。 ===天堂頂風景區=== [[File:Tiantang Peak.jpg|thumb|230px|天堂頂]] {{main|天堂頂 (廣州)|天堂頂步道}} 景區東北角一景，要通過石門景區嘅三仙會天堂道路或石灶景區嘅國際森林浴場入面搵森林小道條路上去先至到。佢係廣州最高海拔嘅地方，而且山高氣爽、超多樹林。氣溫比地面低7.2℃，比廣州市區低8～9℃。喺山頂重有嚿天王石，佢同附近嘅天堂二峯、馬騮額、橫坑頂形成四大雄峰。一到太陽落山時可以望到好陡嘅山崖。上到山頂可以感受到「遠山時明滅」同「高峽出平湖」嘅壯觀景象。喺山頂，天晴時可以睇到天王石、天堂二峯、馬騮額、橫坑頂、睇日出同日落、林海、雲海；甚至連[[流溪河]]、[[從化溫泉]]、[[良口鎮]]嘅部分景區、[[流溪河水庫]]、[[廣州蓄能水電廠]]、[[惠州]]嘅[[南崑山]]等大自然風光<ref>[http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/slgy/s/2482/content-392052.html 石门国家森林公园--天堂顶风景区] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014632/http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/slgy/s/2482/content-392052.html |date=2015年9月24號 }} 中国林业网</ref>。 另外，呢個景區東邊有條路可以通去[[南崑山國家森林公園]]景區同健身步道，雖然入去健身步道唔使錢，但入去南崑山要另外畀錢。 ==唔同季節嘅花同果== 公園入面喺一年四季都有嘢睇，而且每個季節都唔一樣。主要出名時節如下： {| class="wikitable" |- ! 季 !! 睇花 !! 食果 |-bgcolor=#00FF00 | 春 || [[油菜花]]同[[桃花]]：[[春節]]到[[3月8號]]前後<br>[[杜鵑花]]：3～4月<br>[[禾雀花]]：3月中～4月中<br>五月花海：5月～6月中 || [[早李]]：3～4月 |-bgcolor=#FFFF00 | 夏 || 五月花海：5月～6月中 || [[三華李]]：5月底～6月底<br>[[荔枝]]：7月～8月<br>[[龍眼]]：8月～9月 |-bgcolor=#FF0000 | 秋 || 七彩天池：9月底～11月初<br>石門紅葉：11月～1月中 || [[柿]]：9月～11月<br>[[板栗]]：9月～10月<br>[[橙]]、[[柑]]：10月～11月 |-bgcolor=#00FFFF | 冬 || 石門香雪：12月～1月底<br>雪景同冰掛：12月底～1月<br>紅花荷：1～3月<br>[[油菜花]]同[[桃花]]：[[春節]]到[[3月8號]]前後 || [[砂糖桔]]：12月～2月 |} 由於呢間公園喺一年四季都有景睇，所以用詩句形容： *[[春|<font color="#00AA00">春</font>]]：<font color="#00AA00">百花競艷，滿山錦繡。</font> *[[夏|<font color="#AAAA00">夏</font>]]：<font color="#AAAA00">飛瀑飄飄，銀光四射。</font> *[[秋|<font color="#AA0000">秋</font>]]：<font color="#AA0000">滿山紅葉，如詩如畫。</font> *[[冬|<font color="#00AAAA">冬</font>]]：<font color="#00AAAA">石門香雪，北國風光。</font> {{Gallery |width=210 |height=150 |File:TinCiFaaHoi (SPRING).png|<center>春</center> ||夏 |File:TinCiFaaHoi (AUTUMN).jpg|<center>秋</center> |File:LinFaWu.png|<center>冬</center> }} ==交通== 呢個景區嘅交通好唔方便，冇地鐵或其它公共交通直達。 ;自駕車 #行高速：到[[從莞深高速公路|從莞深高速]]嘅桃園站落，轉左行10km嘅路程先至到。 #行國道：到[[105國道]]嘅以下標記路段入去（兩個是但一個）： #:K2492+160標記入去[[從樟路|從樟一路]]，之後入去[[桃園路 (廣州)|桃園西路]]一直行落去先至到。 #:K2484+318標記入去[[龍泉路 (廣州)|龍泉路]]，落到龍崗村後轉左入[[桃園路 (廣州)|桃園東路]]，之後一直行落去先至到。 ;巴士 喺[[廣州東站汽車客運站]]入面搭去石門公園嗰邊嘅巴士到總站落。不過淨限週末及節假日開。 ==飛同開放時間== ;開放時間 *平時：09:00～17:00 *節假日：08:00～17:00 *雖然17:00之後重可以喺山上逗留參觀，但天黑嗮之後要全部清場。 ;飛 *成人票每位[[人民幣|￥]]40。 *6＜歲數≤18／全日制大學本科或以下學歷啲人：半票 *身高≤1.2m嘅細路／歲數≥65嘅老坑（要有廣州嘅老人證或中國大陸嘅身份證）／導遊（要有導遊證）／記者（要有記者證）／現役軍人（要有軍官證）／殘疾人（要有殘疾證）：免費 *青少年入場一定要帶居民身份證或學生證。 *[[香港|港]][[澳門|澳]]入境遊客一定要帶《港澳居民來往內地通行證》。 *[[臺灣]]入境遊客一定要帶《臺灣居民來往大陸通行證》。 *公園遊客唔可以同時享有入場優惠同網站訂票優惠。 凡係有機動車啲遊客入場時，車費另外計： *大車入場[[人民幣|￥]]20／次。 *細車、三腳雞入場[[人民幣|￥]]10／次。 *電單車、單車（計埋三個轆啲車）入場[[人民幣|￥]]5／次。 注意：長度超過9m啲車唔畀入場；而石灶景區喺每年冬天有積雪期間，除搶險車同特種車、軍車之外，其他車都唔畀上去。 == 註 == {{noteFoot}} ==攷== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== {{commonscat|Shimen National Forest Park}} * 景區{{官網|http://www.shimenpark.cn/}} * 羊城晚報{{官網|http://shimen.ycwb.com}} [[類:廣州公園]] [[類:從化公園]] [[類:廣州旅遊景點]] 2lh5m68r73vlh8f68b1fdzjxwonlfe2 0 133999 2416421 2385375 2026-06-05T03:54:15Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Context}} {{整數|num=2000}} [[File:Zahl_2000.jpg | thumb | right | 數字圖]] '''2000'''係[[{{#expr:(2000-1)}}]]同[[{{#expr:(2000+1)}}]]之間嘅[[自然數]]。 [[Category:整數]] [[Category:自然數]] {{Num-stub}} tajjvfnscgu16jpw5usbuen9z5sqx2s 0 135628 2416423 1574434 2026-06-05T03:54:36Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shek_Wai_Kok_Public_Library.jpg | thumb | right | 門口]]'''石圍角公共圖書館'''（{{lang-en|'''Shek Wai Kok Public Library'''}}）係[[香港]]一間公共[[圖書館]]，喺[[荃灣]][[石圍角邨]]石芳樓215-219號。 ==出面網頁== * [https://www.hkpl.gov.hk/tc/locations/tsuen-wan/library/shek-wai-kok.html 香港公共圖書館 - 石圍角公共圖書館] {{香港公共圖書館}} {{香港楔}} [[Category:香港公共圖書館]] [[Category:石圍角]] {{arch-stub}} 3lcd3enfram3liih44f5fxf0qlj3ic1 0 139403 2416516 2141790 2026-06-05T11:48:23Z HenryLi 14 修 2416516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aberdeen Reservoir Road 201508.jpg|thumb|香港仔水塘道]] '''香港仔水塘道'''，舊時叫'''押巴甸水塘道'''<ref>{{引網 |url=https://www.hk-place.com/view.php?id=309 |title=道路及鐵路－曾改名道路(一)香港 |access-date=2021年12月12號 |archive-date=2021年12月12號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212213756/https://www.hk-place.com/view.php?id=309 |url-status=dead }}</ref>，係[[香港]]一[[馬路|道]]，由[[香港仔]]經[[香港仔水塘]]到[[灣仔峽]]而名。南面由香港仔[[香港仔大道]]同[[洛陽街]]交界開始，上山去到灣仔峽[[金馬麟山道]]。中間經[[香港仔郊野公園]]、香港仔水塘、[[石排灣]]。 == 語源 == 香港仔水塘道英文'''Aberdeen Reservoir Road'''，指香港仔水塘，條路為水塘而起。 == 史 == 二十世紀二十年代，香港仔水塘連埋條路啟用，當時初唐名用音譯押巴甸水塘道，到一九八四年三月九號先改成現名<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=903706046370701&set=a.495737835894755|title=香港地圖趣 - 【1962、63年的香港仔地圖】 {{!}} Facebook|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|url-status=live|access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>。 ==攷== {{Reflist}} [[Category:香港仔街道]] [[Category:灣仔峽街道]] 67e1dqppdtl3qjjadmpg8dqhpit7yar 0 139818 2416435 1965539 2026-06-05T04:14:33Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses|other=馬|通靈 (馬)}} [[File:Medium-Eva-Carriere-1912.jpg | thumb | right | 場面]] '''通靈'''係同睇唔到嘅[[死]]者[[靈魂]]溝通嘅行為，識通靈嘅人叫'''靈媒'''。到目前為止，通靈無任何科學根據。 ==睇埋== * [[通靈之王]] * [[通靈少女]] * [[瀕死體驗]] * [[靈魂出竅]] [[Category:宗教]] {{Reli-stub}} 0ib4xek7qtpc5um5ajfngglv8hcz5zo 0 139856 2416448 1701481 2026-06-05T04:22:53Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1982-0902-300,_Mannschaftsfoto_FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena.jpg | thumb | right | 合照]]'''1982–83年歐洲足協盃'''係第12屆[[歐洲足協盃]]，由[[歐洲足協]]主辦。最後由[[比利時]]嘅[[皇家安德列治體育會]]攞冠軍。 {{歐霸盃}} [[Category:1983年運動]] [[Category:歐洲足協盃]] qi478to8dkbih9kcz6dom9ff20dncyk 0 142144 2416437 2115601 2026-06-05T04:16:10Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{整數|num=1729}} [[File:Cube-sum-1729.png | thumb | right | 可以化成兩種兩項三次方和]] '''1729'''係[[1728]]同[[1730]]之間嘅[[自然數]]。 1729係可以用兩種方式寫成兩個正整數[[立方]]和（<math>1729=1^{3}+12^{3}=9^{3}+10^{3}</math>）嘅數字入面最細一個。 ==睇埋== * [[1729年]] [[Category:整數]] [[Category:自然數]] {{Num-stub}} slj5g78orv4huthdylsa1zcg13n1c9g 0 143403 2416250 2416157 2026-06-04T15:03:08Z Pokman817 53354 反轉[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33118-07|~2026-33118-07]]（[[User talk:~2026-33118-07|傾偈]]）嘅編輯，返去[[User:Quinlan83|Quinlan83]]嘅最後版本。 2412971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = 香港都會大學 | english_name = Hong Kong Metropolitan University | image = [[File:Hkmu_door_logo.jpg|200px]] | image_size = 200px | motto = 公誠毅樸，開明進取<br />{{lang|la|Disce, Progredere, Crea}}（[[拉丁文]]） | established = 1989年5月成立：香港公開進修學院<br/>1997年5月30日改名：香港公開大學<br>2021年9月1日改名：香港都會大學}} [[File:Hkmu cyt bldg.jpg|thumb|香港都會大學鄭裕彤樓]] '''香港都會大學'''（{{lang-en|'''H'''ong '''K'''ong '''M'''etropolitan '''U'''niversity}}，簡稱：'''都會大學'''或'''都大'''，縮寫：'''HKMU'''），係位於[[香港]][[九龍]][[何文田]]嘅自資大學，以「有教無類」同「寬進嚴出」為辦學精神。大學喺1989年由[[香港政府]]成立，由七間學院組成，分別係人文社會科學院、李兆基商業管理學院、科技學院、護理及健康學院、教育及語文學院、公開進修學院同李嘉誠專業進修學院。大學擁有自行評審資格，可以頒授學位至榮譽博士各級學銜。大學係香港第一間主要採用[[遙距教學]]方式嘅大學，2001年起開辦[[全日制學校|全日制課程]]，並喺2007年起參與[[大學聯合招生辦法|大學聯合招生辦法（JUPAS）]]收生。現任校長係林群聲教授。 ==校名== 香港公開大學創校嗰陣叫'''香港公開進修學院'''（{{lang-en|'''Open Learning Institute of Hong Kong'''}}），1997年開始改叫'''香港公開大學'''（{{lang-en|'''The Open University of Hong Kong'''}}，縮寫：'''OUHK'''）。2020年12月，校方決定改名做'''香港都會大學'''（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong Metropolitan University'''}}），新校名喺2021年9月1號生效<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.hkmu.edu.hk/media/tc/press-release-detail/?ouunit=PAU&ouencat=PR&lang=eng&enid=000000002112|title=大學新名稱「香港都會大學」正式啟用|website=www.hkmu.edu.hk|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>。 ==教學模式== ===遙距教學=== 遙距課程係香港都會大學由創辦至今一直開辦嘅課程。大學會向報讀遙距課程嘅學生派發自學教材，部分課程更包括多媒體教材<ref name="ouhk-dl">{{cite web|url=https://admissions.hkmu.edu.hk/tc/dl/|title=遙距學習課程|last=|first=|date=|work=www.hkmu.edu.hk|publisher=|url-status=live|accessdate=}}</ref>。大學嘅導師會喺平日夜晚或星期六日定期舉行導修課（Tutorial）等。遙距課程冇規定學生一定要去上堂，但係部分遙距課程規定學生一定要出席特定嘅課堂或[[實驗|實驗堂]]。此外，大學會安排導師喺指定嘅時間透過[[電話]]、[[電郵]]或用[[互聯網]]為學生提供指引同協助。導師亦會根據學生完成嘅功課畀評語，幫助學生學習。 雖然大部分遙距課程採用開放入學模式，冇入學學歷限制，亦冇規定要讀幾耐，但係學生一定要喺修讀課程期間完成指定功課（TMA或CMA），並喺期終考試合格，先至可以獲得嗰科嘅學分。此外，每一個遙距課程，包括文憑同學位課程，都設有修讀規則，學生一定要遵循修讀規則，累積指定科目嘅學分，先至可以申請嗰個課程嘅學歷證書。 ===全日制面授教學=== 全日制課程係香港都會大學近年主力發展嘅課程<ref name="ouhk-ft">{{cite web|url=https://admissions.hkmu.edu.hk/tc/ug/|title=全日制面授教學|last=|first=|date=|work=www.hkmu.edu.hk|publisher=|url-status=live|accessdate=}}</ref>，同其他大學嘅全日制課程相似，以演講課堂（Lecture）同導修課堂（Tutorial）作為學習方式，部分課程更包括實驗同實習。面授課程主要分為全日制同兼讀制兩種，部分全日制面授學位課程已經加入[[大學聯合招生辦法|大學聯合招生辦法（JUPAS）]]。 == 途經交通 == *[[港鐵]]{{觀塘綫}}及{{屯馬綫}}，[[何文田站]]A3或B2出口，約需15分鐘。 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *[https://www.hkmu.edu.hk 香港都會大學] *[https://www.hkmu.edu.hk/lib/ 香港都會大學電子圖書館] *[https://www.hkmu.edu.hk/reg/tc/ 香港都會大學教務處] *[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/6C0B8F63B2395E10482575EF0026A3A3?OpenDocument&bt=0 香港法例 第1145章《香港都會大學條例》] [[Category:香港都會大學| ]] cttnid2rasad5e9uk4skb58m33faw9h 0 145503 2416455 2362335 2026-06-05T04:30:00Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 唐碧霞 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Tong Pik Ha | 英文名 = Yoki Tong | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1993|11|25}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[英文]]、[[粵語]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 節目主持、[[模特兒]] | 母校 = 生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學<br>布拉德福德大學工商管理學士 | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2015年 | 活躍年代 = 2015年到依家 | 經紀公司 = [[nowTV]]（2015年-2016年）<br>黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司（2016年-） | 網站 = {{instagram|yoki.tong}}<br>[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁]<br>[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站]<br>[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] }} {{作家明細 | 創作時期 = 2018年- | 主題 = 玄學界<br>賽馬界 | 名作 = 唐碧霞牛年運程書<br>馬徒勝經<br>唐碧霞虎年運程書<br>唐碧霞兔年運程書 }} '''唐碧霞'''（{{lang-en|Yoki Tong Pik Ha}}，{{bd|1993年|11月25號}}），外號「碧霞老師」，係[[香港]]堪輿學家、專欄作家、女[[模特兒]]、[[主持人]]、演員。十五歲拍攝第一個廣告後，就入行做模特兒，又做過[[now TV]]節目主持，因為參選2016年[[香港小姐競選]]成為大熱後退選而出名<ref name="oncc20160620">[http://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20160620/bkn-20160620231459467-0620_00862_001.html Yoki自覺唔夠班退選港姐：讀埋碩士先！]</ref>，2018年正式進入玄學界及賽馬界。 2020年佢推出咗「唐碧霞牛年運程書」、「馬徒勝經」兩本著作，2021年推出第三本著作「唐碧霞虎年運程書」，因廣受歡迎，2022年推出第四本著作「唐碧霞兔年運程書」，進一步增加知名度同埋喺玄學界嘅地位。 ==簡歷== 唐碧霞以前讀新生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學，十幾歲嗰陣已經對[[紫微斗數|紫微]]命理、玄學好有興趣，曾經向風水師[[曾景成]]學習[[鐵板神數]]，另外再拜師[[吳佩孚 (風水師)|吳佩孚]]。佢喺2008年出道做模特兒，因其甜美笑容被稱為「C cup[[陳自瑤]]」。<ref name="oncc20160620"/>。2015年加入[[now TV]]，做過體育節目《[[Everyday]]》主持，去到同年尾辭職，備戰第二年嘅香港小姐競選。佢雖然有報名參選，亦都係大熱佳麗，但最後因為要繼續讀書，所以決定退選香港小姐。 其後佢喺2016年加盟黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司，成為旗下藝人，主力發展電影、電視劇同主持。佢喺2017年取得[[英國]][[布拉德福德大學]]工商管理學士學位<ref>{{引網 |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/videonews/20160609/55206862 |title=前nowTV主持選港姐 慘被拖糧 |access-date=2017年1月16號 |archive-date=2020年3月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316024152/https://hk.appledaily.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>。同年參與由協盛協豐（00707）旗下公司星鉑企業同星淘集團聯合打造嘅網絡劇《奪命島》，於2016年12月16號進行開鏡儀式，擔任第二女主角，正式加入娛樂圈。 唐碧霞自少就對玄學有濃厚興趣，並擅長風水、子平八字、易經占卜、三世書、紫微斗數、面相、掌相、流年運程等。曾經接受過不同的傳媒報道及採訪，包括電視廣播有限公司（TVB）、Viu TV、香港電台電視、新城電台《瑪利嘉兒》東周刊、東方日報、南華早報、星島日報、明報、東方新地、澳門日報等。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2026年：《[[講玄]]》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|yoki.tong}} *[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁] *[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] *[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站] [[Category:香港女模特兒]] [[Category:唐氏|碧霞]] a0e210823ievb4ny9azg8neeky6iay1 2416458 2416455 2026-06-05T04:30:53Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 唐碧霞 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Tong Pik Ha | 英文名 = Yoki Tong | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1993|11|25}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[英文]]、[[粵語]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 節目主持、[[模特兒]] | 母校 = 生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學<br>布拉德福德大學工商管理學士 | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2015年 | 活躍年代 = 2015年到依家 | 經紀公司 = [[nowTV]]（2015年-2016年）<br>黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司（2016年-） | 網站 = {{instagram|yoki.tong}}<br>[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁]<br>[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站]<br>[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] }} {{作家明細 | 創作時期 = 2018年- | 主題 = 玄學界<br>賽馬界 | 名作 = 唐碧霞牛年運程書<br>馬徒勝經<br>唐碧霞虎年運程書<br>唐碧霞兔年運程書 }} '''唐碧霞'''（{{lang-en|Yoki Tong Pik Ha}}，{{bd|1993年|11月25號}}），外號「碧霞老師」，係[[香港]]堪輿學家、專欄作家、女[[模特兒]]、[[主持人]]、演員。十五歲拍攝第一個廣告後，就入行做模特兒，又做過[[now TV]]節目主持，因為參選2016年[[香港小姐競選]]成為大熱後退選而出名<ref name="oncc20160620">[http://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20160620/bkn-20160620231459467-0620_00862_001.html Yoki自覺唔夠班退選港姐：讀埋碩士先！]</ref>，2018年正式進入玄學界及賽馬界。 2020年佢推出咗「唐碧霞牛年運程書」、「馬徒勝經」兩本著作，2021年推出第三本著作「唐碧霞虎年運程書」，因廣受歡迎，2022年推出第四本著作「唐碧霞兔年運程書」，進一步增加知名度同埋喺玄學界嘅地位。 ==簡歷== 唐碧霞以前讀新生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學，十幾歲嗰陣已經對[[紫微斗數|紫微]]命理、玄學好有興趣，曾經向風水師[[曾景成]]學習[[鐵板神數]]，另外再拜師[[吳佩孚 (風水師)|吳佩孚]]。佢喺2008年出道做模特兒，因其甜美笑容被稱為「C cup[[陳自瑤]]」。<ref name="oncc20160620"/>。2015年加入[[now TV]]，做過體育節目《[[Everyday]]》主持，去到同年尾辭職，備戰第二年嘅香港小姐競選。佢雖然有報名參選，亦都係大熱佳麗，但最後因為要繼續讀書，所以決定退選香港小姐。 其後佢喺2016年加盟黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司，成為旗下藝人，主力發展電影、電視劇同主持。佢喺2017年取得[[英國]][[布拉德福德大學]]工商管理學士學位<ref>{{引網 |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/videonews/20160609/55206862 |title=前nowTV主持選港姐 慘被拖糧 |access-date=2017年1月16號 |archive-date=2020年3月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316024152/https://hk.appledaily.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>。同年參與由協盛協豐（00707）旗下公司星鉑企業同星淘集團聯合打造嘅網絡劇《奪命島》，於2016年12月16號進行開鏡儀式，擔任第二女主角，正式加入娛樂圈。 唐碧霞自少就對玄學有濃厚興趣，並擅長風水、子平八字、易經占卜、三世書、紫微斗數、面相、掌相、流年運程等。曾經接受過不同的傳媒報道及採訪，包括電視廣播有限公司（TVB）、Viu TV、香港電台電視、新城電台《瑪利嘉兒》東周刊、東方日報、南華早報、星島日報、明報、東方新地、澳門日報等。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2026年：《[[講玄]]》嘉賓 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|yoki.tong}} *[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁] *[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] *[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站] [[Category:香港女模特兒]] [[Category:唐氏|碧霞]] 5xj10gf3rywlls8xvm5fbg4fitiblos 2416461 2416458 2026-06-05T04:32:49Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 唐碧霞 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Tong Pik Ha | 英文名 = Yoki Tong | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1993|11|25}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[英文]]、[[粵語]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 節目主持、[[模特兒]] | 母校 = 生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學<br>布拉德福德大學工商管理學士 | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2015年 | 活躍年代 = 2015年到依家 | 經紀公司 = [[nowTV]]（2015年-2016年）<br>黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司（2016年-） | 網站 = {{instagram|yoki.tong}}<br>[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁]<br>[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站]<br>[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] }} {{作家明細 | 創作時期 = 2018年- | 主題 = 玄學界<br>賽馬界 | 名作 = 唐碧霞牛年運程書<br>馬徒勝經<br>唐碧霞虎年運程書<br>唐碧霞兔年運程書 }} '''唐碧霞'''（{{lang-en|Yoki Tong Pik Ha}}，{{bd|1993年|11月25號}}），外號「碧霞老師」，係[[香港]]堪輿學家、專欄作家、女[[模特兒]]、[[主持人]]、演員。十五歲拍攝第一個廣告後，就入行做模特兒，又做過[[now TV]]節目主持，因為參選2016年[[香港小姐競選]]成為大熱後退選而出名<ref name="oncc20160620">[http://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20160620/bkn-20160620231459467-0620_00862_001.html Yoki自覺唔夠班退選港姐：讀埋碩士先！]</ref>，2018年正式進入玄學界及賽馬界。 2020年佢推出咗「唐碧霞牛年運程書」、「馬徒勝經」兩本著作，2021年推出第三本著作「唐碧霞虎年運程書」，因廣受歡迎，2022年推出第四本著作「唐碧霞兔年運程書」，進一步增加知名度同埋喺玄學界嘅地位。 ==簡歷== 唐碧霞以前讀新生命教育協會呂郭碧鳳中學，十幾歲嗰陣已經對[[紫微斗數|紫微]]命理、玄學好有興趣，曾經向風水師[[曾景成]]學習[[鐵板神數]]，另外再拜師[[吳佩孚 (風水師)|吳佩孚]]。佢喺2008年出道做模特兒，因其甜美笑容被稱為「C cup[[陳自瑤]]」。<ref name="oncc20160620"/>。2015年加入[[now TV]]，做過體育節目《[[Everyday]]》主持，去到同年尾辭職，備戰第二年嘅香港小姐競選。佢雖然有報名參選，亦都係大熱佳麗，但最後因為要繼續讀書，所以決定退選香港小姐。 其後佢喺2016年加盟黃偉文所創立嘅電影公司，成為旗下藝人，主力發展電影、電視劇同主持。佢喺2017年取得[[英國]][[布拉德福德大學]]工商管理學士學位<ref>{{引網 |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/videonews/20160609/55206862 |title=前nowTV主持選港姐 慘被拖糧 |access-date=2017年1月16號 |archive-date=2020年3月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316024152/https://hk.appledaily.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>。同年參與由協盛協豐（00707）旗下公司星鉑企業同星淘集團聯合打造嘅網絡劇《奪命島》，於2016年12月16號進行開鏡儀式，擔任第二女主角，正式加入娛樂圈。 唐碧霞自少就對玄學有濃厚興趣，並擅長風水、子平八字、易經占卜、三世書、紫微斗數、面相、掌相、流年運程等。曾經接受過不同的傳媒報道及採訪，包括電視廣播有限公司（TVB）、Viu TV、香港電台電視、新城電台《瑪利嘉兒》東周刊、東方日報、南華早報、星島日報、明報、東方新地、澳門日報等。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2026年：《[[講玄]]》第3集嘉賓 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|yoki.tong}} *[http://www.facebook.com/yokitph 唐碧霞嘅Facebook頁] *[http://www.youtube.com/@tongpikha 唐碧霞嘅YouTube頁] *[http://www.tongpikha.com/ 唐碧霞嘅網站] [[Category:香港女模特兒]] [[Category:唐氏|碧霞]] 505fbiy1gz82b736gjupqzg5yvdhmgv 0 152855 2416365 1059662 2026-06-05T02:25:48Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Easy_Way_HQ_20140416.jpg | thumb | right | 總公司]]'''休閒小站'''（{{lang-en|'''EasyWay'''}}）係一個國際[[茶|茶品]]嘅舖頭，專賣加咗一啲味嘅冷熱飲嘢。響1992年喺[[台灣]]嘅一間細舖開始做，由郭文河同埋傅信欽一齊開始搞，就成功噉樣開創咗喺台灣嘅[[珍珠奶茶]]嘅潮流。休閒小站依家係一間有多過七百間舖頭嘅公司，喺[[日本]]、[[南韓]]、[[澳洲]]、[[紐西蘭]]、[[加拿大]]同埋[[美國]]都有分店。 休閒小站提供封咗口嘅杯去放茶同埋其它飲嘢。客仔可以自己砌佢哋嘅柯再加上唔同嘅加料好似[[生粉]]珍珠或者有味嘅啫喱噉。茶又有[[綠茶]]同埋[[紅茶]]揀，亦可以加奶粉做奶茶、可可同埋杏仁噉，或者有味嘅糖漿好似表蘋果、檸檬同埋鳳梨噉。間舖頭亦都有另外一啲嘢好似刨冰、清茶、有味奶茶同埋冰咖啡同埋朱古力等。 == 位置 == 休閒小站喺下面嘅地方有分店： *{{flagcountry|Australia}} (93間) [http://www.easywaytea.com.au/locations] *{{flagcountry|Brunei}} (2間) *{{flagcountry|Canada}} *{{flagcountry|China}} (37間) [http://www.easyways.com.tw/GB/cn_location.htm] *{{flagcountry|Japan}} (3間) *{{flagcountry|Malaysia}} *{{flagcountry|New Zealand}} *{{flagcountry|Philippines}} *{{flagcountry|Singapore}} *{{flagcountry|South Korea}} *{{flagcountry|Taiwan}} (21間) [http://www.easyways.com.tw/BIG5/ez_newshop.htm] *{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} *{{flagcountry|United States}} == 連出去 == * [http://www.easyways.com.tw 休閒小站網站] [[Category:茶屋]] [[Category:茶品牌]] {{臺灣公司楔}} see3wn43djyho3qpwgifzm9d821zltv 0 155099 2416353 1062118 2026-06-05T02:12:26Z HenryLi 14 修 2416353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''教派分裂'''（英文：'''Schism'''）係[[宗教]]現象，信徒間理念唔夾，就分裂出唔同教派，喺[[基督教]]、[[回教]]、[[佛教]]等等各大宗教，都會有分裂。 基督教史上出現過兩次大規模嘅教派分裂，包括[[11世紀]]嘅[[東西教會大分裂]]同埋[[16世紀]]嘅[[宗教改革]]。 [[Category:宗教]] {{宗教楔}} 3d0l80bztqaq3jansedkpearjc2s2o6 0 155875 2416438 1555256 2026-06-05T04:16:57Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Orphan|date=2月 2021}} [[File:Four_Loko_Beverage_Large_Can.jpg | thumb | right | 一罐]] '''斷片酒'''（'''Four Loko'''），又叫'''失身酒'''，係[[美國]][[芝加哥]]出產嘅一隻罐裝[[酒]]，2005年開始出，主要成份有[[咖啡因]]、[[牛磺酸]]、[[瓜拿納]]同[[酒精]]。皆因隻酒好易醉，飲咗隨時會「斷片」，所以畀人叫做「斷片酒」。 2017年，呢隻酒喺[[臺灣]]畀政府驗出有[[迷姦水]]成份「[[伽瑪羥基丁酸]]」。 [[Category:酒]] {{Drink-stub}} rugognl7pfxls1n7uhmmc91pkwrp1qx 0 156769 2416261 2412930 2026-06-04T16:33:53Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 /* 龍家相關人物 */ 2416261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |陳思圻 |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |林漪琪 |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 1h8mjfvcqtvhsh49o2v7tr97y6jrpfs 2416262 2416261 2026-06-04T16:38:19Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 04jj4nkdkhm0vh6phsf7459mqv88qpj 2416265 2416262 2026-06-04T17:01:45Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] ti19aaihcugy8tystkcxucux4f58blm 2416266 2416265 2026-06-04T17:08:34Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 58mz9x61ktx1xsj5ium8vef3f4xt25t 2416267 2416266 2026-06-04T17:09:42Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] d5iqjha58rirthwhw7321uutp5v3a2v 2416268 2416267 2026-06-04T17:27:44Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:7%"|'''演員'''||style="width:7%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 1qj5x09s97dpx27xdl29ctdkilale2c 2416269 2416268 2026-06-04T17:28:42Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:7%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 3sppg15hdt7yakui73toumxqcy3mkle 2416270 2416269 2026-06-04T17:29:23Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | | |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci | | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |楊明 |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:7%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |juicy | |1 | |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] keej3og05v0qxnqgj88oer3i0onqaq3 2416271 2416270 2026-06-04T17:55:18Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:7%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] 0un4utoveloprvrk26hw8tfw1k3blc2 2416275 2416271 2026-06-04T18:15:56Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] rni898ad6lqtigdkoyzfzxx2eqmabpc 2416276 2416275 2026-06-04T18:19:07Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:20%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] mtsesknk3006g7zpsu3bk57psihoxxx 2416277 2416276 2026-06-04T18:29:56Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[黃耀煌]] |張龍 | |保安部 | | |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:20%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] mqh11okhh6nydzkg103zk24ll5o1k1m 2416278 2416277 2026-06-04T18:32:45Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/黃耀煌 黃耀煌] |張龍 | |保安部 | | |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:20%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] gdwe3yeihtvbyugllfqd7baznbugygn 2416280 2416278 2026-06-04T18:34:29Z ~2026-33024-61 338777 2416280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress tvshow}} {{無綫劇集 | 中文劇名 = 愛·回家之開心速遞 | 英文劇名 = Lo And Behold | 顏色 = #FF8C00 | 製作年份 = 2017年1月—2026年7月 | 圖片 = File:Come Home Love Lo And Behold.jpg | 國家 = {{HK}} | 海外推出日期 = 2017年2月20號-2026年7月5號 | 海外推出國家 = {{MYS}}<br />[[Astro華麗台HD]]（16:9，高清電視）<br />[[Astro華麗台]]（16:9，標清電視） | 翡翠台首播日期 = 2017年2月20號—2026年7月5號 | 翡翠台首播時間 = 見[[#播出時間]] | 監製 = [[羅鎮岳]]（第1-109集）<br />林建祥（第71集開始）<ref>林建祥由第71-109集同羅鎮岳共同擔任監製，第110集起開始單獨監製</ref> <br />[[梁耀堅]] | 製作統籌 = {{nowrap|陳健珊、[[李鳳明]]、周慕妍、吳桂芳}} | 編審 = {{nowrap|馬俊縈（第1-40集）<br />[[李綺華]]、袁寶慧（第1集至今）<br />湯健萍（第748-1155集，唔包括第916集）<br />翁善瑩（第748-1067集，唔包括第916集）<br />[[冼翠貞]]、[[陳可兒]]、[[龐士榤]]（第1068集開始）}} | 主演 = {{nowrap|<!--註：所有演員排名主要係根據劇集開播以嚟所發行嘅三款官方海報演員完整正式排名。-->[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉　丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[湯盈盈]]<br />[[滕麗名]]、[[周嘉洛]]、[[古佩玲]]、[[張景淳]]<br />[[吳偉豪]]、[[羅樂林]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[陳浚霆]]<br />[[袁文傑]]、[[許家傑]]、[[歐瑞偉]]、[[李偉健]]<br />[[樊亦敏]]、[[蘇恩磁]]、[[何晉樂 (歌手)|何晉樂]]、[[沈可欣]]<br />[[何綺雲]]、[[姚瑩瑩]]、[[楊明|楊　明]]、[[林漪娸]]<br />[[陳榮峻]]、[[林凱恩]]、[[白彪|白　彪]]、[[莊思明]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第1款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物 |accessdate=2020-04-20 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819050602/http://www.cmusichart.com/discuz/attachment.php?aid=MTAwODd8ZTA4N2FlODZ8MTU4MzM0MzI3M3w1NGM2Rm9MYnJQckhkY3NhekhYVk1zQ2tnd1F5SGdFdDVOeGUvWEF2Mm04T0cwQQ%3D%3D&noupdate=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BtA3bGNAhE1/ |title= 《愛·回家之開心速遞》第2款官方海報演員完整正式排名，就算個別演員已退出主演，不過第2款官方海報上嘅角色都係成套劇嘅靈魂人物}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg |title=《愛·回家之開心速遞》第3款官方海報演員完整正式排名 |accessdate=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301132755/https://info.vanpeople.com/attachments/2019/08/127359_201908301422161MVVI.jpg }}</ref>}} | 集數 = 超過2800集（直到2026年5月） | 主題曲 = 見[[#主題曲]] | 網頁 = https://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ | 相關節目 = [[愛·回家系列]]<br />[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]] | 相關網頁 = [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H8ZbQnIzyu2LoYPqmqrW3WrWgCErJIoj4UStmUBn7xs/edit 非官方網站] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（含廣告） | 別名 = 開心速遞 | 前集 = [[愛·回家]]<br/>[[愛·回家 (第二輯)]]<br/>[[愛·回家之八時入席]] }} 《'''愛·回家之開心速遞'''》（{{lang-en|'''Come Home Love: Lo And Behold'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]製作嘅時裝[[處境喜劇]]，由[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]、[[單立文]]、[[滕麗名]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[呂慧儀]]、[[蘇韻姿]]、[[陳浚霆]]、[[林淑敏]]、[[周嘉洛]]領銜主演，監製[[羅鎮岳]]同[[林建祥]]（第71集開始），由2017年2月20號開始逢禮拜一到五20:00-20:30喺[[翡翠台]]首播，並由2019年12月30號開始擴展做逢禮拜一到日晚晚都播，2023年11月25號開始取消禮拜六日播， 呢套劇起初係用「熊氏一家」嘅生活作為[[故仔]]嘅主要背景，其後因應故事發展，個故仔亦都隨住熊家各人嘅工作同就學嘅地方而延伸出「速熊運輸」、「威龍百貨」、「龍氏家族」、「尋寶圖網店」、「香港島大學」、「潮偉電影公司」、「泰池運輸」、「道德重整會小學」等[[虛構]][[組織]]同[[人物]]，並發展多個場景同人物關係、[[感情線]]。 呢套劇係[[愛·回家系列]]嘅第四輯故仔，好似《[[愛·回家之八時入席|八時入席]]》噉，但故仔背景、角色都同之前各輯無關連。 劇集最初得180集，後來因為收視唔錯而多次添食，2019年9月9號宣布加到900集，而電視台發佈嘅2020年6月節目表顯示暫定加到1110集<ref>{{引網 |url=http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |title=翡翠台2020年6月節目表 |access-date=2020年8月8號 |archive-date=2020年9月20號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920233342/http://img.tvb.com/ti_img/event/static/programmeconnect2020/pdf/file_path_20200527161836000_77836799.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>，之後一路未有話會播完嘅消息，直到2026年5月宣佈將於同年7月5日播完。 呢套劇喺2019年6月24號播出嘅第606集錄得32.3點，係呢套劇播出以嚟收視最高嘅一集。 ==播出時間== *2017年2月20號到2019年12月30號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2019年12月31號到2023年11月24號，2026年7月4號到2026年7月5號：每晚 20:00-20:30 *2023年11月26號到2025年1月5號：逢禮拜日到五晚 20:00-20:30 *2025年1月6號開始：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:00-20:30 **2025年11月3號到2025年11月7號：逢禮拜一到五晚 20:30-21:30 == 主題曲 == *第1集到第224集用咗純音樂版本嘅Latin Soul Strut做主題曲。 *第225集開始改由[[黃心穎]]主唱嘅《在心中》做主題曲。2019年4月16號，[[黃心穎]]爆出[[安心偷食事件]]，好多網民唔滿意電視台繼續播佢首歌，電視台就喺第二日（第558集開始）決定喺香港翡翠台版本將主題曲改成純音樂版，而海外版就喺第562集開始改用。 *第606集開始，再改主題曲做《開心速遞》，由湯盈盈、呂慧儀、蘇韻姿、滕麗名、周嘉洛、吳偉豪、林淑敏、鄭世豪、張景淳、單立文、許家傑（片尾統稱做「一家人」）主唱。 *第1327集開始，再改主題曲做《愛心灌溉》，由[[王灝兒]]主唱。其中兩句[[歌詞]]好容易[[誤聽]]成「無家的溫暖」同「將個天塌下來」。呢首主題曲用咗1000集。 *第2327集開始，再改主題曲做《這個家》，由[[姚焯菲]]主唱。 == 演員表 == {{更新}} === 熊家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:8%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]|| 熊樹根|| 根叔、Tree Gun、外公、阿爸||1|| |- |[[單立文]]||熊樹仁||阿叔、仁哥||1|| |- |[[滕麗名]]|| 熊尚善||阿善、大妹、接龍集團主席||67|| |- |[[呂慧儀]]||熊若水||阿水﹑Mary﹑Mary姐、二妹||1|| |- |[[蘇韻姿]]||熊心如||阿如、細妹、紅衫魚||1|| 1826 |- |麥芽糖||啤啤||熊啤啤|||| |- |[[周嘉洛]]||金城安||廢青安、安仔||1|| |} === 龍家相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:10%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱''' |'''關係'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[羅樂林]]||龍敢威||大龍生 | ||4|| |- |[[蘇恩磁]]||佘秀琴||二太太 | ||59|| |- |[[樊亦敏]]||白天娥||三太太 | ||74|| |- |[[歐瑞偉]]||吳家聰||舅父 | ||31|| |- |[[林淑敏]]||龍力蓮||大小姐、Linda |接龍集團財務總監||7|| |- |[[許家傑]]||宋瑞輝||宋水輝、宋總監、輝哥 |接龍集團餐飲部總監、好爸Bar酒吧老闆||105|| |- |[[李偉健]]||龍力王||Terry | ||31|| |- |[[鄭世豪]]||龍力士||細龍生 | ||7|| |- |[[陳思圻]] |雷珍妮 |細龍太 | | |615 |- |rowspan="2"|[[陳浚霆]]||rowspan="2"|龍璟風||rowspan="2"|風少 | ||1||130 |- | |865 || |- |[[何艷娟]]||龍作蜜||Vivian | ||163|| 991 |- |[[何晉樂]] |龍舟 |Joe少、Joe joe | | | |- |[[鍾志光]]||龍敢佳||佳叔 | ||12|| |- |[[林漪娸|林漪琪]] |Ceci |朗拿度夫人 | | | |- |梁禹勤 |宋飛立 |Philip丶Philip仔 | | | |- |黃厚仁 |黃技蘭 |技蘭 | | | |} === 威龍集團職員 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:10%"|'''演員'''||style="width:8%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係''' |'''部門'''|| style="width:5%" |'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[湯盈盈]]||高栢菲|| David、David姐 |尋寶圖||4|| |- |[[張景淳]] |龔燁 | | |376 | |- |[[姚瑩瑩]]||沈佳儀||Helen | ||10|| |- |[[何啟南]]||胡景騰||John | || 120 || |- |[[岑杏賢]]|| 余愛詩||Icy | || 22 || |- |[[何綺雲]]||馬美娜||Mia姐 | ||432|| |- |[[沈可欣]]||葉碧嘉||Rebecca | ||4|| |- |[[王致狄]]|| 陳小娟||鐵面陳 |保安部|| 19 || |- |[[黃耀煌]] |張龍 | |保安部 | | |- |[[招浩明]]||英進|| |尋寶圖||10|| |- |[[李泳豪]]||豪仔|| | ||4|| |- |[[許思敏]]||伊莎貝拉群|| 群姐 | || 106 || |- |[[杜大偉]]||關彼得||Peter |行政部||4|| |- |[[鄧永健]]||陳路由||Ivan |資訊科技部||10 || |- |[[崔錦棠]]||劉德華||Andy | ||50 || |- |[[趙希洛]]|| 喜湘飛||May | || 845 || |- |[[李芷晴]]|| Elaine|| | || 969 || |- |[[張盈悅]]|| Fanny|| | || 1312 || |- |[[羅雪妍]]|| GiGi|| | || 1312 || |- |[[梁允瑜]]|| Mocha|| | || 1675 || |- |[[謝芷倫]]||林美香|| Mandy | ||4 || 430 |- |[[周梓盈]]||譚可清|| | || 4 || 752 |- |[[劉思希]]||楊洋|| | ||4|| 969 |- |[[岑杏賢]]||余愛詩|| | ||4|| 1163 |- |[[邵珮詩]]||侯蔡欣 || |尋寶圖||10|| 232 |- |[[梁茵]]||江慧喬||Anita, 威龍潘金蓮 |尋寶圖||10 ||1200 |- |[[黎彼得]]||馬豹 || |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[繆家慶]]||歸蜀明|| |尋寶圖||10||1828 |- |[[謝嘉怡]]|| 呂冠君|| |尋寶圖|| 1327 ||待查 |- |[[楊明]] |虹豆沙湯遠 |阿遠 |保安部 | | |} === 香港島大學相關人物 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:20%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[吳偉豪]]||朱凌凌||||5|| |- |[[林凱恩]]||譚育英||Bonnie||28|| |- |[[阮政峰]]||池子孝||||19|| |- |[[焦浩軒]] || 艾頓壯|| || 58 || |- |[[張明偉]] || 王國|| George|| 298 || |- |[[馮奕森]] || 陳伯強|| 傻強|| 58 ||505 |- |rowspan="2"|[[鄺潔楹]]||rowspan="2"|江百慧|| rowspan="2" | Venus||26||475 |- |648 || |- |[[葉蒨文 (演員)|葉蒨文]] || Candy || || 1 || |- |[[沈愛琳]] || Jessie || || 1 || |- |[[羅永健]] || 阿梓 || 面油|| 426 || |- |[[吳卓衡]] || 阿鈞 || 頭皮|| 426 || |- |[[林浩文]] || 阿叢 || 書蟲|| 426 || |- |[[楊秀惠]] || 湯圓圓 |||| 289 || 390 |- |[[羅毓儀]] |路小小 | | | |} === 其他常設角色 === {|class="wikitable" style="width:65%; text-align:center" |- style="background:#FF8C00; color:white" |style="width:6%"|'''演員'''||style="width:6%"|'''角色'''||style="width:12%"|'''暱稱／關係'''||style="width:5%"|'''登場集數'''||style="width:5%"|'''退出集數''' |- |[[袁文傑]]||潮偉||||135|| |- |[[陳榮峻]] || 譚道德|| || 132 || |- |[[吳香倫]] || 譚何容儀|| 容儀|| 132 || |- |[[陳嘉輝]] || 朱展|| || 289 || |- |[[劉一飛]] || 曹達華|| 曹總|| 17 || |- |[[王俊棠]]|| 池富|| ||19 || |- |[[孫慧蓮]] || 陳妹珠|| 陳師奶/食屎陳師奶|| 67 || |- |[[秦啟維]] ||吳細力|| ||29|| |- |[[古佩玲]] ||申瑞素 （June) | 神婆||1321|| |- | rowspan="2" |[[馬貫東]]|| rowspan="2" |秦博思|| rowspan="2" | 博士||3||495 |- |771 | |- |rowspan="2"|[[梁証嘉]]||rowspan="2"|朱天梯||rowspan="2"|TT ||411||675 |- |871 || |- |rowspan="2"|[[李綺雯]]||rowspan="2"|賀碧雲||rowspan="2"| ||136||333 |- |677 ||697 |- |[[黃子雄]] || 周偉騰|| ||37 ||90 |- |[[邵初]] |湯令上 |Minnie | | |- |[[莊思明]] |張愛盈 |Win Win | | |- |[[支嚳儀]] |Juicy | |1 | |- |[[炎明熹]] |炎明熹 | | | |- | | | | | |} == 獎項 == *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018》入面憑住大小姐「龍力蓮」一角奪得「最佳女配角」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[周嘉洛]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2019》入面憑住「金城安」一角奪得「最佳男配角」。 *呢套劇喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2020》入面奪得「萬千光輝演藝大獎」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[林淑敏]]、[[許家傑]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2021》入面憑住「龍力蓮」、「宋端輝」呢個電視拍檔奪得「最受歡迎電視拍檔」。 *呢套劇嘅演員[[樊亦敏]]喺《萬千星輝頒獎典禮2022》入面憑住「白天娥」一角奪得「最受歡迎電視女角色」。 == 爭議 == 《愛．回家之開心速遞》有一啲集數，曾經涉及一啲同《[[港區國安法]]》有關嘅爭議。 === 以涉國安法威脅逼害同唔合理解僱導演 === 喺2020年9月9號播出嘅一集，疑似出現咗[[反逃犯條例修訂運動|香港修例風波]]嘅「[[五大訴求，缺一不可]]」抗爭手勢畫面，但事件其實只係有藝人喺拍攝之前將其中一隻黃色手套擺出「[[舉中指]]」手勢，同社會運動無關，同時亦有藝人睇到大笑。不過，無綫係查明真相之後，仍然要負責嗰集個導演[[馮肇均]]自己辭職，唔係就會以國安法為理由報警<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|title=無綫以涉國安法威脅導演辭職 《愛‧回家》藝人擺中指變「五一」手勢掀起風波 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/XQUTHSNQINESNNZAYKX4GJD4RQ/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 事件引起唔少人批評，有知情人士就話無綫咁做係唔想賠長期服務金同辭職代通知金畀嗰個導演。[[泛民主派]]支持者[[黃秋生]]揶揄《愛．回家》改名《愛．國家》，叫[[劉丹 (香港男演員)|劉丹]]日日唱紅歌。另外，[[王宗堯]]同職工盟總幹事[[蒙兆達]]都形容無綫咁做係文革式批鬥手段，蒙兆達仲話無綫咁做令員工步步為營、提心吊膽，扼殺創作自由<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|title=黃手套風波丨黃秋生提議改名《愛‧國家》 職工盟︰文革式迫害 ｜ 蘋果日報|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|language=zh-hk|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040403/https://hk.appledaily.com/entertainment/20200916/OYC55GAFSFAI5NIOUOVX6WESEU/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|title=《愛回家》導演被離職 黃秋生嘲諷TVB(組圖) - - 影視熱議|date=2020-09-17|website=看中國|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040405/https://www.secretchina.com/news/b5/2020/09/17/946400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 錯誤宣傳《港區國安法》 === 喺2021年4月13號嘅一集，為咗配合嚟緊15號嘅[[全民國家安全教育日]]，一開始就花咗超過兩分鐘植入「國家安全」宣傳，當中以[[陳榮峻]]飾演嘅譚道德，同[[林凱恩]]飾演嘅女譚育英嘅對話，大篇幅講述點樣國家安全，甚至提及食物安全。不過，翻查全民國家安全教育日網頁，食物安全並唔屬於「國家安全重點領域」，《香港國安法》亦無提及食物安全<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|title=無綫《愛回家》植入國家安全宣傳 稱沒有食物安全 會病從口入沒法上班上學 {{!}} 立場報道 {{!}} 立場新聞|website=立場新聞 Stand News|language=en|access-date=2021-04-14|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011322/https://www.thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB-%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6-%E6%A4%8D%E5%85%A5%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3-%E7%A8%B1%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8-%E6%9C%83%E7%97%85%E5%BE%9E%E5%8F%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%92%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 硬插打疫苗宣傳 === 喺2021年5月3號、10號同24號等等嘅集數，都植入咗呼籲打「[[香港武漢肺炎疫苗接種計劃|疫苗]]」嘅宣傳，但完全唔理會到處境劇入面係個無疫情嘅平行時空，又無限聚令，又無人戴口罩，令到個宣傳無乜說服力<ref>{{引網 |url=https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |title=《愛回家》劉丹sell疫苗唔戴口罩被批冇說服力 |access-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-date=2021年8月16號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816135139/https://skypost.ulifestyle.com.hk/article/2954546/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。到2023年8月16號播出嘅第2047集，先至開始出現有員工染疫返唔到工嘅劇情，打破咗套劇唔存在疫情嘅設定。 == 相關節目 == *《[[PARK YOHO週末速遞]]》 == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *[http://programme.tvb.com/drama/loandbehold/ 開心速遞 - tvb.com] *[https://www.facebook.com/groups/loandbehold1 愛回家之開心速遞粉絲團 Lo And Behold Fans Club] {{萬千星輝頒獎典禮萬千光輝演藝人大獎}} {{2017年無綫電視劇集}} {{2018年無綫電視劇集}} {{2019年無綫電視劇集}} {{2020年無綫電視劇集}} {{2021年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2022年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2023年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2024年無綫電視劇集‎}} {{2025年無綫電視劇集}} {{2026年無綫電視劇集}} [[Category:2017年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2018年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2019年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2020年無綫電視劇集]] [[Category:2021年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2022年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2023年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2024年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2025年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:2026年無綫電視劇集‎]] [[Category:愛·回家系列]] mqh11okhh6nydzkg103zk24ll5o1k1m 10 158492 2416326 2414515 2026-06-05T01:33:50Z 特克斯特 120591 歌手2026第一輪聯名賽幫唱嘉賓 2416326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = 我是歌手 |title = [[湖南衛視]]《[[我是歌手]]》／《[[歌手 (湖南衛視)|歌手]]》{{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes|參賽歌手|系列節目}} |bodyclass = singerbox hlist |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |above = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes||[[我是歌手 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* [[崔健]] * [[戴玉強]] * [[陳奕迅]] * [[朴志妍]] * [[Ne-Yo]] * [[汪峰]] * [[周曉鷗]] * [[馬上又]] * [[欒樹 (音樂人)|欒樹]] * [[丁武]] * [[陳勁 (音樂人)|陳勁]] * [[李延亮]] * [[高旗]] * [[陳偉霆]] * [[林子祥]] * [[葉蒨文]] * [[Akon]] * [[劉潤潼]] * [[楊宗緯]] * [[徐佳瑩]] * [[吳建豪]] * [[劉歡]] * [[岳雲鵬]] * [[海莉·衛斯頓華]] * [[尚雯婕]] * [[張惠妹]] * [[吳碧霞]] * [[李玟]] * [[韓雪]] * [[毛不易]] * [[陳潔儀]] * [[鄧紫棋]] * [[陳粒]] * [[曾一鳴]] * [[黃麗玲]] * [[耿斯漢]] * [[毛不易]] * [[袁婭維]] * [[王以太]] * [[迪瑪希·庫達依別列根|迪瑪希]] * [[石倚潔]] * [[王珮瑜]] * [[艾熱]] * [[Darren Espanto]] * [[Daneliya Tuleshova]] * [[王力宏]] * [[張杰 (歌手)|張杰]] * [[蔡依林]] * [[胡夏]] * [[韋禮安]] * [[Little Black Dress (歌手)|Little Black Dress]] * [[馬思唯]] * [[新褲子樂隊]] * [[許魏洲]] * [[李宇春]] * [[張磊 (歌手)|張磊]] * [[陳楚生]] * [[古巨基]] * [[回春丹]] * [[孫楠]] * [[Loren Allred]] * [[彭佳慧]] * [[鄭鈞]] * [[Chanté Moore]] * [[劉惜君]] * [[海來阿木]] * [[炎明熹]] * [[錘娜麗莎]] * [[Lauren Spencer Smith]] * [[INNOUT]] * [[Jony J]] * [[阿雲嘎]]}} |group5 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes||芒果經紀人<br/>音樂合夥人}} |list5 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes|| * [[李維嘉]] * [[王喬 (主持人)|王喬]] * [[吳昕]] * [[張大大]] * [[杜海濤]] * [[蔣宏傑|YOYO]] * [[李銳 (藝人)|李銳]] * [[田源 (主持人)|田源]] * [[沈夢辰]] * [[沈凌]] * [[魏巍 (演員)|KK]] * [[譚薇]] * [[劉燁 (女主持)|劉燁]] * [[孫堅 (演員)|孫堅]] * [[吉傑]] * [[梁田]] * [[吳恙]] * [[譚傑希]] * [[小五]] * [[王若麟]] * [[晏維]] * [[張玉安]] * [[大左]] * [[李莎旻子]] * [[孫驍驍]] * [[孫璞]] * [[阿來·阿依達爾汗|阿來]] * [[楊楊 (主持人)|楊楊]] * [[謝彬彬]] * [[靳夢佳]] * [[張德星]] * [[于莎莎]] * [[齊思鈞]] * [[沈夏 (藝人)|大王]] * [[喻美壬]] * [[郭濤 (主持人)|郭濤]] * [[劉欣然]] * [[李浩菲]] * [[羅維衛|大衛]] * [[高天鶴]] * [[馮青 (藝人)|馮青]] * [[周峻緯]] * [[黃婷婷]] * [[陳葉生]] * [[蔡程昱]] * [[李晉曄]] * [[馬萱]] * [[袁詠琳]] * [[趙一橙]] * [[蘇眉月]] * [[劉柏辛]] * [[黃山怡]] * [[鄭方一]] * [[王凱慈]] * [[吳澤林]] * [[張禕禕]] * [[馮爔 (藝人)|馮爔]] * [[武星]] * [[楊帥 (藝人)|楊帥]] * [[蔣一僑]] * [[莊宇光]] * [[肖然心]] * [[張雅琪]] * [[黃雅靜|緹娜]] * [[張踩鈴]] * [[陳若彤]] * [[董岩磊]] * [[張佑汐]] * [[者來女]] * [[覃與欽]]}} |group6 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes||其餘主持人}} |list6 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes|| * [[何炅]] * [[汪涵]] * [[廖凡]] * [[沈夢辰]] * [[張大大]] * [[趙子靚]] * [[劉燁 (女主持)|劉燁]] * [[沈凌]] * [[田源 (主持人)|田源]] * [[梁田]] * [[王喬 (主持人)|王喬]] * [[晏維]] * [[何帥]] * [[周微微]] * [[覃與欽]] * [[鍾逸倫]] * [[趙悅彤]] * [[莊宇光]] * [[張雅琪]] * [[陳怡多]] * [[陳若彤]] * [[馬萱]] * [[譚薇]] * [[李瑜]] * [[尚玥]] * [[廖雨葦]]}} |group7 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes||衍生產品}} |list7 = {{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes|| * [[我是歌手 誰來踢館]] * [[我是歌手巡迴演唱會]] * [[歌手全球巡迴演唱會]] * [[下一戰歌手]]}} |below = '''註：'''{{#ifeq:{{{onlycontestants|}}}|yes||參賽歌手入面，}}X代表退賽歌手，'''粗體'''代表晉級決賽歌手，''斜體''代表未攞到正式踢館資格 }}<templatestyles src="我是歌手/styles.css" /><noinclude> {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:我是歌手/styles.css}} {{Collapsible option}} * 使用{{tlc|我是歌手|onlycontestants{{=}}yes}}可只顯示參賽歌手部分（參賽歌手面頁入面適用）。 [[Category:我是歌手|模]] [[Category:歌手 (湖南衛視)|模]] </noinclude> aq1y9wfeweot4lfk6vjmfgfljpdstwi 0 162905 2416368 2334629 2026-06-05T02:28:22Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{足球員明細 |name=小林悠 |image= |fullname=小林 悠 |birth_date={{birth date and age|1987|9|23}} |birth_place={{JPN}}[[青森縣]] |position=[[前鋒]] |currentclub=[[水戶蜀葵]] |clubnumber=9 |years=- |clubs=[[水戶蜀葵]] |nationalyears1=2014- |nationalteam1=[[日本足球代表隊|日本]] |nationalcaps1=143 |nationalgoals1=142 }} [[File:Kobayashi_Yu_Kawasaki.jpg | thumb | right | 場照]] '''小林悠'''（{{生死|1987年|9月23號}}）係[[日本]][[足球員]]，踢[[前鋒]]，[[日本足球代表隊]]成員。 ==成績== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !colspan=3|[[日本足球代表隊]] |- !年!!上陣!!入波 |- |2014||2||0 |- |2015||0||0 |- |2016||6||0 |- !總計||8||0 |} ==出面網頁== *[http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/57405/Yu_Kobayashi.html National Football Teams] {{日本足球員楔}} [[Category:日本足球員]] [[Category:日本足球代表隊球員]] 4yczws6zgo69u5eognd597l24ch5250 0 163867 2416332 1096599 2026-06-05T01:37:56Z HenryLi 14 通 2416332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Groningen in the Netherlands.svg|thumb|古羅寧亨喺加荷蘭嘅位置]] '''古羅寧亨'''（荷蘭文：'''Groningen'''）係[[荷蘭]]一[[省]]，首府[[古羅寧亨市]]。 {{commons cat|Groningen (province)}} {{荷蘭政區}} [[Category:荷蘭省份]] o72ktmiu8xpk8xmohedz0at3k5rk8q8 0 165084 2416486 1986304 2026-06-05T09:27:09Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plagiomnium affine laminazellen.jpeg|270px|thumb|[[顯微鏡]]下嘅葉綠素]] {{ruby-yue|'''葉綠素'''|jip6 luk6 sou3}}係[[植物]]同[[藻]]入面嘅[[綠色]][[色素]]，負責做[[光合作用]]。 == 消耗 == 葉綠素可以隨時間而消耗：葉綠素幫[[植物]]吸收[[太陽光]]，用陽光中嘅[[能量]]，由[[水]]（{{chem|H|2|O}}）同[[二氧化碳]]（{{chem|CO|2}}）呢啲原材料嗰度製造[[糖份]]俾樖植物用嚟做[[嘢食]]，而呢啲糖份會為植物提供佢哋生長同發育所需嘅所有[[碳水化合物]]；喺呢過程當中，葉綠素會受到分解－光合作用會消耗葉綠素。不過喺生長季節，植物能夠補充流失咗嘅葉綠素<ref>Smith, L. W. (1944). Chlorophyll: An experimental study of its water-soluble derivatives: IV. The effect of water-soluble chlorophyll derivatives and other agents upon the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture. ''The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine'', 29(3), 241-246.</ref>，令到啲葉保持綠色<ref name="matile2000">Matile, P. (2000). Biochemistry of Indian summer: physiology of autumnal leaf coloration. ''Experimental gerontology'', 35(2), 145-158.</ref>。 == 分解 == 夏天結束所伴隨嘅環境變化會令到葉嘅葉綠素含量下跌：喺夏天就快結束嗰陣，[[日頭]]會變短，[[溫度]]會跌，葉上面嘅[[葉脈]]（喺[[維管束植物]]嘅葉當中負責運送[[水份]]同[[營養]]嘅管道）會慢慢噉收細，於是塊葉嘅水份同[[礦物質]]吸收會慢慢噉下跌，而隨住葉綠素嘅消耗同時葉綠素嘅吸收跌，葉綠素嘅含量亦都會開始跌<ref name="matile2000"/>。 紅葉嘅出現同[[捕光複合物]] II（LHC II）好有關。LHC II 喺光合作用當中負責吸收陽光，位於葉綠體嘅[[類囊體]]膜嗰度，由多種[[蛋白質]]（包括咗葉綠素 a 同 b）組成；喺秋天嗰時，分解葉綠素嘅[[酵素]]會令到葉綠素 b 變成葉綠素 a <ref>Horie, Y.; Ito, H.; Kusaba, M.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A. (2009). "Participation of Chlorophyll b Reductase in the Initial Step of the Degradation of Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Protein Complexes in Arabidopsis". ''Journal of Biological Chemistry''. 284 (26): 17449–56.</ref>；呢個過程會造成捕光複合物變得唔穩定，最後搞到組成 LHC II 嘅某啲蛋白質分解，最後引致葉入面嘅葉綠素量急跌<ref>Zelisko, A.; Garcia-Lorenzo, M.; Jackowski, G.; Jansson, S.; Funk, C. (2005). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1224624/ AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence]". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. 102 (38): 13699–704.</ref>。 葉綠素嘅分解最後嘅結果係葉會變色。隨住葉綠素分解，葉綠素會變成冇顏色嘅[[化合物]][[四吡咯]]，而隨住綠色量下跌，葉入面本嚟有嘅第啲色素，好似係黃色嘅[[葉黃素類]]同橙色嘅 [[β-胡蘿蔔素]]嘅顏色會開始顯眼，而且喺某啲情況下，一半嘅葉綠素分解咗之後，紅色嘅[[花色素苷]]會開始產生<ref>Hortensteiner, S. (2006). "Chlorophyll degradation during senescence". ''Annual Review of Plant Biology''. 57: 55–77.</ref>；同時樖植物會將捕光複合物分解所產生嘅[[氨基酸]]儲起喺根、枝、同幹嗰度，用嚟喺冬天用，而下年就可能攞呢啲氨基酸嚟重整綠葉<ref>Chapin III, F. S., Schulze, E. D., & Mooney, H. A. (1990). The ecology and economics of storage in plants. ''Annual review of ecology and systematics'', 21(1), 423-447.</ref>。 {{clear}} [[File:Separation of two different pigments.jpg|thumb|center|480px|喺[[實驗室]]入面提煉出嚟嘅葉綠素（沉喺底嘅綠色[[液體]]）同埋[[類胡蘿蔔素]]（浮喺面嘅黃色液體）]] ==睇埋== *[[綠色]] *[[紅葉]] ==攷== {{reflist}} [[Category:有機化合物]] cu6s44lsdbd4it6jmrm1vqtdh1ok9j4 2416510 2416486 2026-06-05T10:59:25Z Geistory317 198212 反轉[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32731-16|~2026-32731-16]]（[[User talk:~2026-32731-16|傾偈]]）嘅編輯，返去[[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]]嘅最後版本。 1986304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plagiomnium affine laminazellen.jpeg|270px|thumb|[[顯微鏡]]下嘅葉綠素]] {{ruby-yue|'''葉綠素'''|jip6 luk6 sou3}}（{{lang-en|'''chlorophyll'''}}）係[[植物]]同[[藻]]入面嘅[[綠色]][[色素]]，負責做[[光合作用]]。 == 消耗 == 葉綠素可以隨時間而消耗：葉綠素幫[[植物]]吸收[[太陽光]]，用陽光中嘅[[能量]]，由[[水]]（{{chem|H|2|O}}）同[[二氧化碳]]（{{chem|CO|2}}）呢啲原材料嗰度製造[[糖份]]俾樖植物用嚟做[[嘢食]]，而呢啲糖份會為植物提供佢哋生長同發育所需嘅所有[[碳水化合物]]；喺呢過程當中，葉綠素會受到分解－光合作用會消耗葉綠素。不過喺生長季節，植物能夠補充流失咗嘅葉綠素<ref>Smith, L. W. (1944). Chlorophyll: An experimental study of its water-soluble derivatives: IV. The effect of water-soluble chlorophyll derivatives and other agents upon the growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture. ''The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine'', 29(3), 241-246.</ref>，令到啲葉保持綠色<ref name="matile2000">Matile, P. (2000). Biochemistry of Indian summer: physiology of autumnal leaf coloration. ''Experimental gerontology'', 35(2), 145-158.</ref>。 == 分解 == 夏天結束所伴隨嘅環境變化會令到葉嘅葉綠素含量下跌：喺夏天就快結束嗰陣，[[日頭]]會變短，[[溫度]]會跌，葉上面嘅[[葉脈]]（喺[[維管束植物]]嘅葉當中負責運送[[水份]]同[[營養]]嘅管道）會慢慢噉收細，於是塊葉嘅水份同[[礦物質]]吸收會慢慢噉下跌，而隨住葉綠素嘅消耗同時葉綠素嘅吸收跌，葉綠素嘅含量亦都會開始跌<ref name="matile2000"/>。 紅葉嘅出現同[[捕光複合物]] II（light-harvesting complex II，LHC II）好有關。LHC II 喺光合作用當中負責吸收陽光，位於葉綠體嘅[[類囊體]]（thylakoid）膜嗰度，由多種[[蛋白質]]（包括咗葉綠素 a 同 b）組成；喺秋天嗰時，分解葉綠素嘅[[酵素]]會令到葉綠素 b 變成葉綠素 a <ref>Horie, Y.; Ito, H.; Kusaba, M.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, A. (2009). "Participation of Chlorophyll b Reductase in the Initial Step of the Degradation of Light-harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Protein Complexes in Arabidopsis". ''Journal of Biological Chemistry''. 284 (26): 17449–56.</ref>；呢個過程會造成捕光複合物變得唔穩定，最後搞到組成 LHC II 嘅某啲蛋白質分解，最後引致葉入面嘅葉綠素量急跌<ref>Zelisko, A.; Garcia-Lorenzo, M.; Jackowski, G.; Jansson, S.; Funk, C. (2005). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1224624/ AtFtsH6 is involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex II during high-light acclimation and senescence]". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. 102 (38): 13699–704.</ref>。 葉綠素嘅分解最後嘅結果係葉會變色。隨住葉綠素分解，葉綠素會變成冇顏色嘅[[化合物]][[四吡咯]]（tetrapyrroles），而隨住綠色量下跌，葉入面本嚟有嘅第啲色素，好似係黃色嘅[[葉黃素類]]（xanthophylls）同橙色嘅 [[β-胡蘿蔔素]]（beta-carotene）嘅顏色會開始顯眼，而且喺某啲情況下，一半嘅葉綠素分解咗之後，紅色嘅[[花色素苷]]（anthocyanins）會開始產生<ref>Hortensteiner, S. (2006). "Chlorophyll degradation during senescence". ''Annual Review of Plant Biology''. 57: 55–77.</ref>；同時樖植物會將捕光複合物分解所產生嘅[[氨基酸]]儲起喺根、枝、同幹嗰度，用嚟喺冬天用，而下年就可能攞呢啲氨基酸嚟重整綠葉<ref>Chapin III, F. S., Schulze, E. D., & Mooney, H. A. (1990). The ecology and economics of storage in plants. ''Annual review of ecology and systematics'', 21(1), 423-447.</ref>。 {{clear}} [[File:Separation of two different pigments.jpg|thumb|center|480px|喺[[實驗室]]入面提煉出嚟嘅葉綠素（沉喺底嘅綠色[[液體]]）同埋[[類胡蘿蔔素]]（浮喺面嘅黃色液體）]] ==睇埋== *[[綠色]] *[[紅葉]] ==攷== {{reflist}} [[Category:有機化合物]] qtefe6a54cnojc6zz5dcsob7xx3v1ke 0 165644 2416424 2316695 2026-06-05T03:55:15Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox School | name = 道慈佛社楊日霖紀念學校 | image= | motto= 慈悲喜捨 | established = 1982年 | type = 輕度智障特殊學校 | president = 楊嘉志先生 | principal = 鄭裔威先生 | 副校長=李佩茜女土（中學組）、待定（小學組） | religion = 佛教 | enrollment = | location = 新界元朗天水圍天柏路6號 | free_label1 = 電話 | free_text1 = (852) 26178738 | free_label2 = 傳真 | free_text2 = (852) 26174130 | free_label3 = 電郵 | free_text3 = mail@yyl.edu.hk | website = http://www.yyl.edu.hk }} [[File:HK_TSW_天水圍新市鎮_Tin_Shui_Wai_Tin_Hei_Street_Dec_2016_Lnv2_Buddhist_To_Chi_Fat_She_Yeung_Yat_Lam_Memorial_School_facade.jpg | thumb | right | 外觀]] '''道慈佛社楊日霖紀念學校'''（{{lang-en|'''Buddhist To Chi Fat She Yeung Yat Lam Memorial School'''}}）係[[香港]]一間輕度智障[[特殊學校]]，位於[[新界]][[元朗]][[天水圍]]天柏路6號。 ==學校設施== 課室15間，輔導教學室、設計與應用科技室、家政及多用途特別室、視覺藝術室、音樂室、圖書室、電腦室、會議室、資源教學室、健身室、音樂小天地、畢業生視藝職訓創作室、言語治療室、閱讀天地，另有社工室、醫療室、籃球場、禮堂、感覺統合室、雨天操場。 ==開設科目== 中國語文、實用英語、數學、德育及公民教育、個人、社會及人文教育、音樂、體育、視覺藝術、電腦、科技與生活、設計與科技、普通話、公民與社會發展、資訊及通訊科技、多元智能、資源教學、個別學習計劃、言語治療、圖書課、人文、全人發展課、科學、生涯規劃課。 ==歷任校長== * 蘇振邦（1982年-2000年） * 陳強佳（2001年-2018年） * 鄭裔威（2018年-） ==出面網頁== *[http://www.yyl.edu.hk 學校網頁] *[https://www.chsc.hk/spsp/school_detail.php?sch_id=2858 特殊學校概覽 - 道慈佛社楊日霖紀念學校] {{香港特殊學校}} [[Category:香港特殊學校]] [[Category:天水圍]] 8i1ws9jrgpifgxdhuci5ugpdckk47bh 0 166542 2416308 1719375 2026-06-05T01:10:10Z HenryLi 14 通 2416308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TheAgeFrontPage110606.jpg|thumb|《世紀報》頭版]] 《'''世紀報'''》（{{lang-en|'''''The Age'''''}}），係[[澳洲]][[報紙]]，1854年喺[[墨爾缽]]創刊，每日出紙，政治立場[[中間偏左]]。 [[Category:澳洲報紙]] {{Newspaper-stub}} ln69a50q6zff3duwtq5z7kuclc19xa9 0 167605 2416292 2416212 2026-06-04T23:03:05Z WikiCantona 1133 {{BLP unsourced}} 2416292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{第啲|鍾偉強}}{{BLP unsourced}}{{維基數據人物明細}} '''鍾偉强'''（{{lang-en|'''David Chung'''}}；{{bd|1966年}}），係前[[香港政府]][[創新及科技局]]末代副局長，2016年上任，2022年6月30號卸任。 {{HK-bio-stub}} [[Category:前香港政府官員]] [[Category:鍾氏|偉强]] cehbfolurb416qk0976s093gax3wajr 0 168194 2416396 2412764 2026-06-05T03:13:54Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 第八季 */ 2416396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 總有一瓣喺左近 | 原名 = Talker - One Beside You 3 | 圖片 = File:Talker - One Beside You 3.jpg | 類型 = 清談、靈異 | 導演 = 梁麗賢 | 主持 = 第一季（第1-42集）：<br/>[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]<br/>第二季（第43-78集）：<br/>潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]<br/>第三至七季（第79-392集）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]<br/>第八季起（第393集起）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵 | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 集數 = | 製作年份 = 2017年起 | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 編審 = 羅世雄 | 監製 = 周勳 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]]{{notetag|name="MakerVille"}} | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2017|8|11}} | 結束 = {{end date|||}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜五<br>第1-38集：23:30-00:00<br>第39-85集：23:00-23:30<br>第86-386集：23:30-00:00<br>第387集起：23:00-23:30 | 官方網站 = http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 | 相關 = 《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》<br/>《[[總有一件喺左近]]》 }} 《'''總有一瓣喺左近'''》（{{lang-en|'''Talker - One Beside You 3'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作{{notetag|name="MakerVille"|2022年4月底前標示[[香港電視娛樂]]製作}}嘅清談節目，喺[[ViuTV]]播出。第一季（第1-42集）由2017年8月11號至2018年5月25號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00（[[晚吹]]時段），主持係[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]；第二季（第43-78集）由2018年6月1號至2019年3月1號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]；第三至七季（第79-392集）由2019年3月8號至2015年4月11號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00，2025年4月18號至2015年5月23號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]；第八季起（第393集起）由2025年5月30號開始逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵。 佢係《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》下半季嘅兄弟作品。每集節目都會講唔同靈異話題。 ==新春特別版== *2019年2月8號嗰集因為喺大年初四播撞正新正頭，所以改名叫《'''總有好運過豬年'''》<!--（'''Talker: '''）-->，用過年開運做主題，唔計入正式集數。 ==每集一覽== ===第一季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2017年 |- | 1 || 8月11號 || 娛樂圈多鬼事 || [[雷宇揚]] |- | 2 || 8月18號 || [[UFO]]之迷 ||rowspan="2"| [[夏韶聲]] |- | 3 || 8月25號 || [[靈魂]]出竅 |- | 4 || 9月1號 || [[藍可兒]]懸案 || James Edward Garcia |- | 5 || 9月8號 || 警隊靈異秘聞 || Mark |- | 6 || 9月15號 || 外遊、酒店多怪事 || [[樂瞳]] |- | 7 || 9月22號 || 虛擬世界 ||rowspan="2"| [[卓飛]] |- | 8 || 9月29號 || 異世界 |- | 9 || 10月6號 || 暗網 ||恐懼鳥 |- | 10 || 10月13號 || 外國撞鬼 ||Andrew |- | 11 || 10月20號 || 家庭系統排列 ||Janet |- | 12 || 10月27號 || 狐仙及狐妖 ||rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 13 || 11月3號 || 佛牌咪亂戴 |- | 14 || 11月10號 || 古文明大揭秘 || Chris Tai |- | 15 || 11月17號 || 公共屋邨鬼故 || Derek |- | 16 || 11月24號 || 留學宿舍鬼故 ||[[袁嘉敏]] |- | 17 || 12月1號 ||rowspan="2"| 兇宅 ||rowspan="2"|[[林國誠]] |- | 18 || 12月8號 |- | 19 || 12月15號 || 新加坡南洋鬼故||[[周殷廷]] |- | 20 || 12月22號 || 薩滿||Andy |- | 21 || 12月29號 || 的士司機鬼故||Jacky |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 22 || 1月5號 || 登台鬼故||[[王書麒]] |- | 23 || 1月12號 || 降頭術||Frankie |- | 24 || 1月19號 || 片場奇異經歷||元彬 |- | 25 || 1月26號 || 牧師驅鬼||李錦彬 |- | 26 || 2月2號 || 醫院鬼故||[[李俊為]] |- | 27 || 2月9號 || 嬰靈及養鬼仔|| Frankie |- | 28 || 2月16號 || 狗年開運催財大法 || rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 29 || 2月23號 || 桃花橫財運 |- | 30 || 3月2號 || 與元神談判 || [[鄧兆尊]] |- | 31 || 3月9號 || 鬼上身 || 曹法華 |- | 32 || 3月16號 || 扶乩及道符 || Kitty |- | 33 || 3月23號 || 陰陽眼見聞 || Jesse |- | 34 || 3月30號 || 殯儀奇聞(1) || rowspan="2"|梁顯祺 |- | 35 || 4月6號 || 殯儀奇聞(2) |- | 36 || 4月13號 || 籤文密碼 || 何漢明 |- | 37 || 4月20號 || 遊地府 ||戚法誠師傅 |- | 38 || 4月27號 || 拍戲鬧鬼事件 ||[[樓南光]] |- | 39 || 5月4號 || 明童暗童對決 ||曹法華 |- | 40 || 5月11號 || 澳門賭場靈異事件 ||肥包 |- | 41 || 5月18號 || 修行者的前世今生 ||[[袁鳳瑛]] |- | 42 || 5月25號 || 最驚嚇怪事件 || |} ===第二季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 43 || 6月1號 || 香港第一「凶路」: 新娘潭路 ||靈屍 |- | 44 || 6月8號 || 與鬼同眠！建於亂葬崗上的屋邨 ||許樂 |- | 45 || 6月15號 || 猛鬼橋上的猛鬼公園 : 大埔滘花園 ||靈屍 |- | 46 || 6月22號 || 鬧市中的猛鬼工廈 || 許樂 |- | 47 || 6月29號 || 鬼影四伏的消暑勝地：石澳泳灘 ||文師兄 |- | 48 || 7月13號 || 猛鬼酒店 || [[莫竣名]] |- | 49 || 7月20號 || 大學不思議鬧鬼果園：合榮果園 || 許樂 |- | 50 || 7月27號 || 一條聚集靈體的舊街：上環普慶坊 || rowspan="2"|文師兄 |- | 51 || 8月3號 || 戰魂亡靈作祟的恐怖水塘：城門水塘 |- | 52 || 8月10號 || 猛鬼地鐵站 || rowspan="2"|靈屍 |- | 53 || 8月17號 || 全院滿座戲院傳聞 |- | 54 || 8月24號 || 孟蘭節靈異傳聞 || Heily馬溱鿋 |- | 55 || 8月31號 || 生人拒進的公共廁所 || 靈屍 |- | 56 || 9月7號 || 詭異渡假村 || Carmen |- | 57 || 9月14號 || 陰森停車場 || rowspan="2"|龍師父 |- | 58 || 9月21號 || 詭異屋邨 |- | 59 || 9月28號 || 恐怖凶宅 || 梁灝藍師父、文師兄 |- | 60 || 10月5號 || 猛鬼公路 || Jacky哥、龍師父 |- | 61 || 10月12號 || 猛鬼公園 || Jojo、龍師父 |- | 62 || 10月19號 || 陰森夜店 || 龍師父 |- | 63 || 10月26號 || 恐怖山徑 || 詹朗林(JJ)、林法燊師父 |- | 64 || 11月2號 || 詭異工廈 || 梁灝藍師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 65 || 11月9號 || 猛鬼水塘 || 卡比、龍師父 |- | 66 || 11月16號 || 恐怖墓園 || 袁伍鳳博士、林法燊師父 |- | 67 || 11月23號 || 詭異屋邨 || 陳彼得、許樂 |- | 68 || 11月30號 || 靈異的士 || Jacky哥、許樂 |- | 69 || 12月7號 || 猛鬼戰地 || Kiyo、文師兄 |- | 70 || 12月21號 || 鬧鬼沙灘 || 魔眼、文師兄 |- | 71 || 12月28號 || 青衣鬼仔湖 || 徐兆康、鄭澤霖師父 |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 72 || 1月4號 || 馬灣村落 || 皓云師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 73 || 1月18號 || 靈異社區 || [[何漢明]]師傅、文師兄 |- | 74 || 1月25號 || 詭異學校 || 韋奇、文師兄 |- | 75 || 2月1號 || 猛鬼郊野公園 || Kiyo、Ivan So |- | 總有好運過豬年 || 2月8號 || － || 何漢明師傅 |- | 76 || 2月15號 || 搞鬼新年 || 昇雄師傅、[[潘小文]] |- | 77 || 2月22號 || 車禍現場 詭影截車：松仔園巴士站 || 周健榮(健哥)、蘇煒喬 |- | 78 || 3月1號 || 靈異社區 || 徐可儀、龍師父 |} ===第三季=== 第118到122集同埋第124到130集搞咗個《'''全民撞鬼'''》真人騷比賽，請觀眾上去鬥講鬼故，由[[司徒法基]]做嘉賓主持。 {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 79 || 3月8號 || 死亡 || Josie [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 80 || 3月22號 || 與鬼對話 || [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 81 || 3月29號 || 前世今生 || [[吳卓林]] Andi 司徒法基 |- | 82 || 4月5號 || 請仙 || 梁晉華師傅 |- | 83 || 4月12號 || 報夢 || Jacqueline |- | 84 || 4月19號 || 前世催眠 || [[呂浩聲]] |- | 85 || 4月26號 || 十月懷胎靈異事件 || [[鄭麗莎]]、余中哲 |- | 86 || 5月3號 || 養鬼仔 || Frankie |- | 87 || 5月10號 || 靈力 || 盧法鏗師傅 |- | 88 || 5月17號 || 善惡靈體 || [[吳佩孚]]師傅 |- | 89 || 5月24號 || 查日腳 || [[陳法齊]]師傅、Josie |- | 90 || 5月31號 || 陰陽眼 || Roy、曉嵐 |- | 91 || 6月7號 || 水鬼 || 關耀西 |- | 92 || 6月14號 || 詭探 || 袁偉雄 |- | 93 || 6月21號 || rowspan="2"|驅鬼 || rowspan="3"|[[陳法齊]] |- | 94 || 6月28號 |- | 95 || 7月5號 || 靈探 |- | 96 || 7月19號 || 六色鬼 || 周根勝 |- | 97 || 7月26號 || 奇門遁甲 || 蔡偉雄 |- | 98 || 8月2號 || 異相 || 莫迪天 |- | 99 || 8月9號 || 盂蘭節 || 安仔 |- | 100 || 8月16號 || 鬼月 || 七仙羽 |- | 101 || 8月24號 || 靈幻少女 || Crystal |- | 102 || 8月30號 || 靈探團 || Dicky、Sam |- | 103 || 9月6號 || 冥婚 || 方海閱 |- | 104 || 9月13號 || 中秋搞笑鬼古 || [[ERROR (組合)|ERROR]] |- | 105 || 9月20號 || 降頭 || 呂法傳 |- | 106 || 9月27號 || 山精獸妖 || 胡秀聰 |- | 107 || 10月4號 || 狐仙 || 賴建明 |- | 108 || 10月11號 || 嬰靈 || 袁偉雄 |- | 109 || 10月18號 || 人鬼情未了 || Roy |- | 110 || 10月25號 || 佛牌與陰牌 || 陳汭鋒 |- | 111 || 11月1號 || 殯儀靈異事件 || 戚法誠 |- | 112 || 11月8號 || 台灣鬼神 || 馬菲 |- | 113 || 11月15號 || 動物靈 || 李淑敏 |- | 114 || 11月22號 || 鄧健泓靈異事件 || [[鄧健泓]] |- | 115 || 11月29號 || 凶宅 || 文師兄 |- | 116 || 12月6號 || 西洋魔法|| Simon |- | 117 || 12月13號 || 輪迴與報應|| 馬君程 |} ===第四季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2019年 |- | 118 || 12月20號 ||rowspan="2"|比賽講鬼故|| 七仙羽、Dorothy、Samson |- | 119 || 12月27號 || 七仙羽、Icy、Kimi |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 120 || 1月3號 ||rowspan="3"|比賽講鬼故|| 袁偉雄、In Lee、Jean |- | 121 || 1月10號 || 袁偉雄、KK、[[雨橋]] |- | 122 || 1月17號 || 吳佩孚、KAKA、Jacky |- | 123 || 1月24號 || 2020年經濟展望 || 七仙羽 |- | 124 || 1月31號 ||rowspan="5"|比賽講鬼故|| 吳佩孚、[[劉兆豐]]<!--肥豐-->、樹花 |- | 125 || 2月7號 || 陳法齊、曾文健<!--Anderson-->、Helen |- | 126 || 2月14號 || 陳法齊、世祈、Ahman |- | 127 || 2月21號 || 梁晉華、阿文、Carolyn 令彤 |- | 128 || 2月28號 || 梁晉華、Mary、Sally |- | 129 || 3月6號 || 全民撞鬼六強誕生 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤、曾文健、[[劉兆豐]]、樹花 |- | 130 || 3月13號 || 全民撞鬼總決賽 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤 |} ===第五季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 131 || 3月20號 || 地產從業員之靈異經歷 || Tracy <!--短片Jean--> |- | 132 || 3月27號 || 機場地勤之靈異事件 || Annie <!--短片Atro--> |- | 133 || 4月3號 || 攝影師之靈異事件 || Tiger <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 134 || 4月10號 || 機師之靈異經歷|| Ahman <!--短片Jean--> |- | 135 || 4月17號 || 舞蹈員之靈異經歷 || [[梁德忠|Tank]] <!--短片Atro--> |- | 136|| 4月24號 || 友台導演之靈異經歷 || Fred <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 137 || 5月1號||前導遊之靈異經歷|| Nigel <!--短片Jean--> |- |138||5月8號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Anderson--> |- |139||5月15號||寵物護士之靈異經歷|| Camila <!--短片Atro--> |- |140||5月22號||另類導遊之靈異經歷|| 阿軒 <!--短片Jean--> |- |141||5月29號||前懲教署職員之靈異經歷|| 陳Sir <!--短片Anderson--> |- |142||6月5號||前電台DJ之靈異經歷|| Garry <!--短片Jean--> |- |143||6月12號||前戲院職員之靈異經歷|| Anthea <!--短片Anderson--> |- |144||6月19號||藝人之靈異經歷|| Naomi <!--短片Jean--> |- |145||6月26號||娛樂編輯之靈異經歷|| 阿威 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |146||7月3號||歌唱老師之靈異經歷|| Josie <!--短片Jean--> |- |147||7月10號||殯儀從業員之靈異經歷|| [[薛國斌]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |148||7月17號||動作演員之靈異經歷|| September十仔 <!--短片Jean--> |- |149||7月24號||髮型師之靈異經歷||Fukey <!--短片Atro--> |- |150||7月31號||卓飛之靈異經歷||[[卓飛]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |151||8月7號||美容師之靈異經歷|| Fendi <!--短片Anderson--> |- |152||8月14號||劇場職員之靈異經歷|| Koko <!--短片Jean--> |- |153||8月21號||精神科醫生之靈異經歷|| 麥棨諾 <!--短片Jean--> |- |154||8月28號||粵劇演員之靈異經歷|| [[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |155||9月4號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Jean--> |- |156||9月11號||主題公園員工之靈異經歷|| Jennifer <!--短片Anderson--> |- |157||9月18號||高靈朋友之靈異經歷|| Jessie <!--短片Jean--> |- |158||9月25號||預告死亡|| Karmon <!--短片Anderson--> |- |159||10月2號||雙龍出海KB和火火之靈異經歷||[[李健宏|KB]]、[[火火]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |160||10月9號||荒廢樂園靈探片段|| Carolyn <!--短片Anderson--> |- |161||10月16號||導遊帶團之靈異經歷|| Mark <!--短片Jean--> |- |162||10月23號||法科師傅之靈異經歷||劉定立 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |163||10月30號||歌手之靈異經歷||[[徐加晴]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |164||11月6號||心理治療師之靈異經歷|| [[黃沁而]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |165||11月13號||藝人在外地遇到的靈異經歷||[[楊仲恩]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |166||11月20號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[譚凱倫]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |167||11月27號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Irene <!--短片Jean--> |- |168||12月4號||粵劇藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |169||12月11號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[吳麗珠]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |170||12月18號||網絡紅人的靈異經歷||Sunny、[[易健兒|Creamy]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |171||12月25號||藝人小肥遇到的靈異經歷||[[小肥]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2021年 |- |172||1月1號 ||七仙羽師傅分享靈異經歷|| [[七仙羽]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |173||1月8號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Ruby |- |174||1月15號||rowspan=2|釣魚發燒友分享靈異經歷||rowspan=2|米高<!--短片Anderson--> |- |175||1月22號 |- |176||1月29號||資深經理人分享靈異經歷||簡銘進<!--短片Anderson--> |- |177||2月5號||MIRROR 分享靈異經歷||[[邱士縉|Stanley]]、[[王智德|Alton]]、[[陳瑞輝|Frankie]] |- |178||2月12號||黃夏蕙分享上頭注香趣事||[[黃夏蕙]] |- |179||2月19號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷||[[江卓泓]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |180||2月26號||一對戀人分享靈異經歷||[[張紋嘉]]、[[林子傑]] |- |181||3月5號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Wing<!--短片Jean--> |- |182||3月12號||魔術師分享靈異經歷||Bronco |} ===第六季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest|如果主題已經清楚標明嘉賓嘅姓名，呢欄衹會標示演藝圈人物}}||'''分享靈異經歷觀眾''' |- ! colspan="5"| 2021年 |- |183||3月19號||高靈嘉賓分享靈異經歷||[[趙慧珊]]||子羽 |- |184||3月26號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[李忠希]]||Eric |- |185||4月2號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||芷淳||[[張啟樂]] |- |186||4月9號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[李亦喬]]||Francis |- |187||4月16號||清潔公司負責人分享靈異經歷||阿樂||Kalie |- |188||4月23號||夢妮妲分享靈異經歷||夢妮妲||Zoe |- |189||4月30號||J.Arie 分享靈異經歷||[[雷深如]]||Serena |- |190||5月7號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||[[陳譽之]]||Kitman |- |191||5月14號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[黎學勤]]||Cat |- |192||5月21號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Tommy||李小姐 |- |193||5月28號||練美娟分享靈異經歷||[[練美娟]]||Christina |- |194||6月4號||黃劍文分享靈異經歷||[[黃劍文]]||李恆昌 |- |195||6月11號||P1X3L三子分享靈異經歷||[[P1X3L]]||阿德 |- |196||6月25號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||龍師傅||陳先生 |- |197||7月2號||湯駿業分享靈異經歷||[[湯駿業]]||Daphne |- |198||7月9號||One Promise 成員分享靈異經歷||[[One Promise]]||Kiki |- |199||7月16號||演員毛曄穎分享靈異經歷||[[毛曄穎]]||Carmen |- |200||7月23號||呂法傳師傅分享靈異經歷||[[呂法傳]]||Christina |- |201||8月13號||攝影師分享靈異經歷||Leo||阿霖 |- |202||8月20號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[歐國成|Travis]]||Yannie |- |203||8月27號||藝人野人分享靈異經歷||[[李怡 (林珊珊孻女)|野人]]||Yan |- |204||9月3號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[方芷欣|方方]]||阿樂 |- |205||9月10號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||馮比比||Yannie |- |206||9月17號||風水師傅分享靈異經歷||[[謝柳汝|Tasha]]||[[陳漢詩]] |- |207||9月24號||嘉賓Pinky分享靈異經歷||Pinky||華華 |- |208||10月1號||造星III阿Bee分享靈異經歷||[[蘇家欣]]||肥啤 |- |209||10月8號||嘉賓Wenji分享靈異經歷||Wenji||Danny |- |210||10月15號||嘉賓肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]]||Trixie |- |211||10月22號||嘉賓御東昇分享靈異經歷||[[御東昇]]||Oscar |- |212||10月29號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||Tommy||Perry |- |213||11月5號||嘉賓阿富分享靈異經歷||阿富||Serena |- |214||11月12號||嘉賓Mike分享靈異經歷||Mike ||李悠 |- |215||11月19號||電台主持葉韻怡分享靈異經歷||[[葉韻怡]]||施先生 |- |216||11月26號||嘉賓泰師傅分享靈異經歷||泰師傅||車長 |- |217||12月3號||嘉賓Soyan分享靈異經歷||So Yan ||Kiki |- |218||12月10號||嘉賓蔡宛珊 Sarika 分享靈異經歷||[[蔡宛珊]]||九妹 |- |219||12月17號||嘉賓吳林峰分享靈異經歷||[[吳林峰]]||Peggy |- |220||12月24號||嘉賓阮德鏘分享靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]]||{{N/A}} |- ! colspan="5"| 2022年 |- |221||1月7號||嘉賓小薯茄分享靈異經歷||[[蔡曉童]]、[[關浩傑]]、[[程仁富]]||Jojo |- |222||1月14號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||阿O仔||Yannie |- |223||1月21號||歌手 Kiko 分享靈異經歷||[[唐浩嘉]]|| Tony |- |224||1月28號||嘉賓 Kiki 分享靈異經歷|| || 四家姐 |- |225||2月4號||總有財神喺左近|| || |- |226||2月11號||嘉賓盤菜瑩子分享靈異經歷|| [[柯翠婷]] || Christina |- |227||2月18號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷|| Nike || 阿賢 |- |228||2月25號||高靈人士馮比比之靈異經歷|| || 蔡婷婷 |- |229||3月4號||Depp 師傅之靈異經歷|| || Mischelle |- |230||3月11號||泰國法科師傅介紹捨十面|| || |- |231||3月18號||高靈人士O仔分享靈異經歷|| || Lawrence |- |232||3月25號||孔師傅分享靈異經歷|| 孔麒淦 || 火姐 |- |233||4月1號||高靈人士阿橙分享靈異經歷|| || Ring |- |234||4月8號||李牧師分享驅鬼經歷|| 李錦彬 || Wing |- |235||4月15號||馬騮搣分享睇景撞鬼經過||[[袁詩向]]|| Marco |- |236||4月22號|| Emily 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2|岑樂怡因為拍攝其他節目，冇做主持。}} || || 小鬼 |- |237||4月29號||曹法華師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || || 岑樂怡{{noteTag|name=guest3|呢集係分享靈異經歷嘅觀眾}} |} ===第七季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2022年 |- |238||5月6號||王法鎧師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |239||5月13號||塔羅師 Jay 分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |240||5月20號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |241||5月27號||Cindy 師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |242||6月3號||高靈人士阿勳分享靈異經歷|| |- |243||6月10號||高靈人士 Sam 分享鬼屋驚魂|| |- |244||6月17號||胡法揚師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |245||6月24號||吳奇雲師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |246||7月1號||高靈人士 In Lee 分享靈異經歷|| |- |247||7月8號||陳元溢師傅分享靈異個案||[[陳元溢]] |- |248||7月15號||李星熲分享靈異經歷|| [[李星熲]] |- |249||7月22號||羅雲龍師傅分享製作人員靈異個案|| |- |250||7月29號||法基師叔大談鬼月禁忌|| [[司徒法基]] |- |251||8月5號||冰姐分享靈異經歷 || [[鍾慧冰]] |- |252||8月12號||盧法鏗師傅分享鬼節注意事項 || |- |253||8月19號||泰師傅分享鬼月靈異經歷 || |- |254||8月26號||洪助昇分享靈異經歷 || [[洪助昇]] |- |255||9月2號||Jan Jan師傅分享靈異經歷 ||[[陳蔚菁|Jan Jan]] |- |256||9月9號||文師兄分享靈異個案 || |- |257||9月16號||谷旻分享靈異經歷 || [[谷旻]] |- |258||9月23號||艾妮分享靈異經歷 || [[艾妮]] |- |259||9月30號||蘇煒喬分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇煒喬]] |- | 260 || 10月7號 || 林法燊師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- | 261 || 10月14號 || 林雅詩分享靈異經歷 || [[林雅詩]] |- | 262 || 10月21號 || 高靈人士 Jackie 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 263 || 10月28號 || 蔡頌思分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || [[蔡頌思]] |- | 264 || 11月4號 || 黃法乾師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 265 || 11月11號 || 蘇麗珊分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇麗珊]] |- | 266 || 11月18號 || 阿 Lu 分享靈異經歷 || [[何嘉露]] |- | 267 || 12月2號 || 馬法彤師傅踢爆神棍詐騙手法 || |- | 268 || 12月16號 || 楊梓菁分享靈異經歷 || [[楊梓菁]] |- | 269 || 12月23號 || 謝柳汝師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 270 || 12月30號 || 胡凱澄分享靈異經歷 || [[胡凱澄]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2023年 |- | 271 || 1月6號 || 林靜莉分享靈異經歷 || [[林靜莉]] |- | 272 || 1月13號 || 高靈人士 Violet 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 273 || 1月20號 || 何天嵐分享靈異經歷 ||[[何天嵐]] |- | 274 || 1月27號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (I) || |- | 275 || 2月3號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (II) || |- | 276 || 2月10號 || 女巫慧慧分享靈異個案 || |- | 277 || 2月17號 || 通靈人黃沁而分享靈異個案 || |- | 278 || 2月24號 || 高靈人士Billy分享靈異經歷 || |- | 279 || 3月3號 || Angela及Sally分享靈異經歷 || |- | 280 || 3月10號 || 高靈人士Jackie分享靈異個案 || |- | 281 || 3月17號 || 高靈人士 Elvis 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 282 || 3月24號 || 南師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 283 || 3月31號 || 恆仔@ToNick 分享靈異經歷 || [[趙善恆]] |- | 284 || 4月7號 || 龔柯允分享靈異經歷 || [[龔柯允]] |- | 285 || 4月14號 || 暗網仔分享靈異經歷|| |- | 286 || 4月21號 || KK 師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- | 287 || 4月28號 || 巫師 Lucas分享靈異經歷||[[李進偉]] |- | 288 || 5月5號 || 高靈人士曾文健分享靈異經歷|| |- | 289 || 5月12號 || 鍾慧冰分享靈異經歷||[[鍾慧冰]] |- | 290 || 5月19號 || 安俊豪分享靈異經歷||[[安俊豪]] |- | 291 || 5月26號 || J師傅分享靈異個案|| |- | 292 || 6月2號 || 姜文杰分享靈異經歷||[[姜文杰]] |- | 293 || 6月9號 || 高靈人士 Sammul 分享靈異經歷 |- | 294 || 6月16號 || 鄧禮迪分享靈異經歷||[[鄧禮迪]] |- | 295 || 6月23號 || 黃諱岐師傅分享靈異個案 |- | 296 || 6月30號 || 高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷 |- | 297 || 7月7號 || 譚杏藍分享靈異經歷 ||[[譚杏藍]] |- | 298 || 7月14號 || 林定康師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 299 || 7月21號 || 193 與 Ash 分享靈異經歷 ||[[郭嘉駿]]、[[鍾卓穎]] |- | 300 || 7月28號 || 親身到訪猛鬼宿舍探靈 || |- | 301 || 8月4號 || 歌手符家浚分享靈異經歷 || [[符家浚]] |- | 302 || 8月11號 || 智澄師傅分享靈異經歷 || |- | 303 || 8月18號 || 戚法誠師傅分享鬼月禁忌 || |- | 304 ||8月25號||高靈人士異狼蜃分享靈異經歷|| |- | 305 || 9月1號 ||靈異作家馬菲分享靈異經歷|| |- | 306 ||9月8號||潘法剛師傅分享鬼門關個案|| |- |307||9月15號||靈性治療師Amanda分享靈異經歷|| |- |308||9月22號||羅允芝分享靈異經歷||[[羅允芝]] |- |309||9月29號||馮法韜師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |310||10月6號||音樂人彭嘉維分享靈異經歷|| |- |311||10月13號||仙玉道士分享靈異個案|| |- |312||10月20號||古庄辰師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |313||10月27號||辰穆師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |314||11月3號||馬修分享靈異經歷|| |- |315||11月10號||Annie、Daisy、Jonathan分享靈異經歷|| |- |316||11月17號||網台主持Chris分享靈異經歷|| |- |317||11月24號||阿O分享靈異經歷|| |- |318||12月1號||李法乾師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |319||12月8號||音樂人Melody分享靈異經歷|| |- |320||12月15號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |321||12月22號||結他手Will分享靈異經歷|| |- |322||12月29號||鬼強師姐分享靈異經歷|| |- ! colspan="4"| 2024年 |- |323||1月5號||觀眾Yui分享靈異經歷|| |- |324||1月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |325||1月19號||阿旦鄧洢玲分享靈異經歷||[[鄧洢玲]] |- |326||1月26號||碧霞老師分享靈異經歷及個案||[[唐碧霞]] |- |327||2月2號||鄧月平分享靈異經歷||[[鄧月平]] |- |328||2月9號||Key師傅預測龍年運程|| |- |329||2月16號||占星師阿炭講解2024年星相|| |- |330||2月23號||肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]] |- |331||3月1號||女巫海諾分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |332||3月8號||觀眾大寶、細寶分享靈異經歷|| |- |333||3月15號||高靈人士Sami分享靈異經歷|| |- |334||3月22號||夢妮妲分享靈異個案|| |- |335||3月29號||觀眾Carrie分享靈異經歷|| |- |336||4月5號||的士司機Jacky分享靈異經歷|| |- |337||4月12號||米露迪分享靈異經歷||[[米露迪]] |- |338||4月19號||胡凱澄Ame分享靈異經歷||[[胡凱澄]] |- |339||4月26號||龍躍天師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |340||5月3號||恐怖插畫家Casper分享靈異經歷|| |- |341||5月10號||羅雲龍師傅分享靈異個案||羅雲龍師傅 |- |342||5月17號||高靈人士TT分享靈異經歷|| |- |343||5月24號||通靈人士Cleo分享靈異經歷|| |- |344||5月31號||舞台劇演員Alex分享靈異經歷|| |- |345||6月7號||塔羅師Amy分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |346||6月14號||Ah Gi 分享靈異經歷||[[樊沛珈]] |- |347||6月28號||塔羅師 Gladys 分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |348||7月5號||朱天Justin分享靈異經歷||[[朱天]] |- |349||7月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |350||7月19號||護士Alina分享靈異經歷|| |- |351||7月26號||混血兒Pamela分享靈異經歷||[[鄧祖欣]] |- |352||8月16號||呂法傳師傅分享鬼月禁忌|| |- |353||8月23號||藝人宋婭彤分享靈異經歷||[[宋婭彤]] |- |354||8月30號||文師兄分享鬼月靈異個案|| |- |355||9月6號||藝人鍾菀菱分享靈異經歷||[[鍾菀菱]] |- |356||9月13號||法基師叔分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |357||9月20號||風水師黃晉分享靈異經歷|| |- |358||9月27號||藝人馮素波分享靈異經歷||[[馮素波]] |- |359||10月4號||心靈治癒師Hannah分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |360||10月11號||自由工作者Ewen分享靈異經歷|| |- |361||10月18號||張法坤師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |362||10月25號||催眠治療師Tim Sir分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |363||11月1號||樂隊成員樂兒分享靈異經歷||[[廖樂兒]] |- |364||11月8號||Ivan和Stone分享靈異經歷||[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Ivan]]、[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Stone]] |- |365||11月15號||印度女模Anchal分享靈異經歷|| |- |366||11月22號||全民造星ll 季軍Oscar Li分享靈異經歷||[[李禹燊]] |- |367||11月29號||Trazy師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |368||12月6號||靈媒Severis 分享靈異經歷|| |- |369||12月13號||香港漫畫家Summer分享靈異經歷|| |- |370||12月20號||音樂監製段深瀚分享靈異經歷|| |- |371||12月27號||40路參賽者Belle分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|曾凱霖]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |372||1月3號||大祭司Varuni分享靈異個案|| |- |373||1月10號||歌手張光宇分享靈異經歷||[[張光宇]] |- |374||1月17號||孟加拉裔女生Barbie分享靈異經歷|| |- |375||1月24號||藝人韋湛櫸分享靈異經歷||[[韋湛櫸]] |- |376||1月31號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 生肖篇|| |- |377||2月7號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 風水佈局篇|| |- |378||2月14號||強尼、Kathy仔分享靈異經歷||[[強尼]]、[[王頌茵]] |- |379||2月21號||泰國製片Aimee分享靈異經歷|| |- |380||2月28號||鬼故作家馮比比分享靈異個案|| |- |381||3月7號||嘉寶師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |382||3月14號||足球教練姨丈分享靈異經歷||[[叢培銘]] |- |383||3月21號||演員Giselle分享靈異經歷||[[林慧倩]] |- |384||3月28號||網台主持藍秀朗分享靈異個案|| |- |385||4月4號||Jacky師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |386||4月11號||E.X分享靈異經歷|| |- |387||4月18號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |388||4月25號||莊韻澄分享靈異經歷||[[莊韻澄]] |- |389||5月2號||藝人方俊分享靈異經歷||[[方俊]] |- |390||5月9號||杜杜分享靈異經歷|| |- |391||5月16號||Kit分享靈異經歷|| |- |392||5月23號||黃師傅分享靈異個案|| |} ===第八季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |393||5月30號||佛堂堂主Celia分享奇幻經歷|| |- |394||6月6號||通靈占卜師Tiffany分享靈異經歷|| |- |395||6月13號||前空姐Barbie分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|陳懿汶]] |- |396||6月20號||女巫Soma分享靈異經歷|| |- |397||6月27號||棟篤笑演員大咪分享靈異事件|| |- |398||7月11號||高靈人士紅萬兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |399||7月18號||演員鄭昕彤分享靈異經歷||[[鄭昕彤]] |- |400||7月25號||親身到訪廢棄學校試玩招靈遊戲||[[司徒法基]] |- |401||8月1號||健身教練Ocean分享靈異經歷|| |- |402||8月8號||高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷|| |- |403||8月15號||林定康師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |404||8月22號||靈探KOL AP分享靈異經歷|| |- |405||8月29號||雲楚笙師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |406||9月5號||禮儀策劃師Ben sir分享靈異經歷|| |- |407||9月12號||演員阿Mei分享靈異經歷|| |- |408||9月19號||玄曦師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |409||9月26號||刮痧師傅小雪分享靈異經歷|| |- |410||10月3號||護士學生Deer分享靈異經歷|| |- |411||10月10號||孫慧雪分享靈異經歷||[[孫慧雪]] |- |412||10月17號||導遊Mark師兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |413||10月24號||殯儀師Bowie分享靈異經歷|| |- |414||10月31號||徐頴堃分享靈異經歷||[[徐頴堃]] |- |415||11月7號||山信師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |416||11月21號||端木師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |417||12月12號||衛詩雅分享靈異經歷||[[衛詩雅]] |- |418||12月19號||觀眾Karen分享靈異經歷|| |- |419||12月26號||修行人許芯悅分享靈異經歷||[[許芯悅]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2026年 |- |420||1月2號||歌手Hysan分享靈異經歷||[[Young Hysan]] |- |421||1月9號||地產經紀Violet分享靈異經歷|| |- |422||1月16號||荃灣區猛鬼酒店|| |- |423||1月23號||黃大仙區神明離位傳聞|| |- |424||1月30號||九龍城區電台鬼故||{{tsl|zh|黃冠斌}} |- |425||2月6號||大埔區新娘潭死亡之灣|| |- |426||2月13號||中西區忠靈塔軍刀出土|| |- |427||2月20號||龍躍天師傅馬年運程預測|| |- |428||2月27號||東區筲箕灣山精傳說|| |- |429||3月6號||離島區自殺勝地|| |- |430||3月13號||深水埗區倫常命案|| |- |431||3月20號||屯門區屋邨與墳共存||[[唐碧霞]] |- |432||3月27號||南區集體目擊UFO事件|| |- |433||4月3號||沙田區城門河女鬼傳聞|| |- |434||4月10號||觀塘區秀茂坪山泥傾瀉|| |- |435||4月17號||葵青區孤獨死悲劇|| |- |436||4月24號||油尖旺區肢解命案|| |- |437||5月1號||灣仔區無主孤魂牌位|| |- |438||5月8號||元朗區五鬼邪術凶屋|| |- |439||5月15號||黃大仙區屋邨空中飛人事件|| |- |440||5月22號||西貢區片場鬼故||[[黃澤鋒]] |- |441||5月29號||北區廢墟靈探|| |- |442||6月5號||土瓜灣靈異傳聞|| |} ==節目調動== *2018年7月6號：由於直播[[2018年FIFA世界盃]]8強賽，所以停播一次。 *2018年12月14號：由於直播《2018 MAMA亞洲音樂大獎-香港站》，所以停播一次。 *2019年1月11號：由於《[[人住公屋 我住公屋]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年3月15號：由於《[[初戀還未來？]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年7月12號：由於《[[厲害了！蘇哥兒]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2020年2月28號：由於《[[性敢中環]]》第12集加長到21:30-22:15播，《[[向西聞記]]》、《[[辣伙頭]]》及《[[究竟食咗乜]]》順延播出，所以褪到23:45-00:15播。 *2020年5月22號：由於20:40-21:10直播政府記者會，連帶嗰晚剩低節目都褪半個鐘播，所以褪到第二日00:00-00:30播。 *2021年1月1號：由於19:00-23:40轉播《[[2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮得獎名單|2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，嗰日《[[Now新聞報道|7點新聞報道]]》暫停播映，改為23:40-00:10播出一節《[[Now深宵新聞|深宵報道]]》，所以褪到第二日00:10-00:40播。 *2021年3月19號：由於20:30-23:00播劇集《[[教場]]》，之後嘅節目要順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2021年6月18號：由於23:30-02:15直播《[[2020年歐洲國家盃|歐洲國家盃 2020]] - 克羅地亞 對 捷克》，所以停播一次。 *2021年7月23號：由於《[[奧運有團伙|奧運有得揀]]》（2020東京奧運開幕典禮）直播超時，之後嘅節目臨時順延播出，所以臨時順延到深夜00:30-01:00播。 *2021年7月30號、8月6號，由於播《奧運有團伙 精彩一夜》，所以停播一次。 *2021年12月31號：由於22:00-00:30直播《香港跨年倒數演唱會》，所以停播一次。 *2022年11月25號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》荷蘭對厄瓜多爾，所以停播一次。 *2022年12月9號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》半準決賽 - 克羅地亞 對 巴西，所以停播一次。 *2024年4月12號：由於《[[瑪嘉烈與大衛系列 絲絲]]》加長到21:30-23:00播，《[[姑媽突變神隱少女]]》同《[[女主播向世界揾食]]》順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2024年6月21號：由於23:30-23:55重播《[[歐洲國家盃]]2024賽日精華》第7集，所以停播一次。 *2024年8月2號同9號：由於原時段直播《[[2024年夏季奧林匹克運動會|巴黎奧運爭勝一夜]]》，所以停播一次。 *2024年10月11號：由於《[[十七年命運週期]]》加長到21:30-22:45播，《[[Boyscation Too]]》同《[[高質旅行包膠]]》順延播出，所以順延到23:45-00:10播。 *2024年11月1號：由於《[[Boyscation Too]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[狗仔隊亂入Seoul]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2024年12月13號：由於《[[ERROR 死腳膠千萬巨蛋自作夢]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[台灣都市傳說]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2025年5月30號：由於19:30-22:15直播《凝皓教育挑戰盃 - 中國香港 對 曼聯》，《[[光明大押]]》順延播出，呢個節目原定順延到23:15-23:45播出，但由於直播超時到22:30完，所以再順延到23:30-00:00播出。 *2025年7月4號：由於23:00-23:55直播《[[晚吹]] - [[有得吹好吹]]》第3集，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月7號：由於《[[ROVER 綜藝咁樣樣]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以順延到23:35-00:00播。 *2025年11月14號：由於22:30-23:30播《[[中華人民共和國第十五屆運動會|十五運會勝利時刻]]》，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月21號：嗰晚提早到22:30-23:00播，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《[[社內相親 (ViuTV)|社內相親]]》第10集（23:05-00:00）。 *2025年11月28號：因應跟進[[宏福苑大火]]事故，嗰晚23:00-00:00改為插播《新聞報道》，所以停播一次。 *2025年12月5號：因應[[宏福苑大火]]事故後社會氣氛，嗰晚停播一次，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《模範的士 2》第5集（23:05-00:00）。 *2026年4月24號：由於23:25-23:30播《[[製作中]]》第40集，第436集改喺23:00-23:25播。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 ViuTV：晚吹 - 總有一瓣喺左近] {{晚吹系列}} [[Category:2017年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2018年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2019年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2020年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2021年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2022年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:晚吹]] rygonvr68ugmw93lcqyd3zqv37t5sy0 2416400 2416396 2026-06-05T03:16:23Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 節目調動 */ 2416400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 總有一瓣喺左近 | 原名 = Talker - One Beside You 3 | 圖片 = File:Talker - One Beside You 3.jpg | 類型 = 清談、靈異 | 導演 = 梁麗賢 | 主持 = 第一季（第1-42集）：<br/>[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]<br/>第二季（第43-78集）：<br/>潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]<br/>第三至七季（第79-392集）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]<br/>第八季起（第393集起）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵 | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 集數 = | 製作年份 = 2017年起 | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 編審 = 羅世雄 | 監製 = 周勳 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]]{{notetag|name="MakerVille"}} | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2017|8|11}} | 結束 = {{end date|||}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜五<br>第1-38集：23:30-00:00<br>第39-85集：23:00-23:30<br>第86-386集：23:30-00:00<br>第387集起：23:00-23:30 | 官方網站 = http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 | 相關 = 《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》<br/>《[[總有一件喺左近]]》 }} 《'''總有一瓣喺左近'''》（{{lang-en|'''Talker - One Beside You 3'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作{{notetag|name="MakerVille"|2022年4月底前標示[[香港電視娛樂]]製作}}嘅清談節目，喺[[ViuTV]]播出。第一季（第1-42集）由2017年8月11號至2018年5月25號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00（[[晚吹]]時段），主持係[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]；第二季（第43-78集）由2018年6月1號至2019年3月1號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]；第三至七季（第79-392集）由2019年3月8號至2015年4月11號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00，2025年4月18號至2015年5月23號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]；第八季起（第393集起）由2025年5月30號開始逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵。 佢係《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》下半季嘅兄弟作品。每集節目都會講唔同靈異話題。 ==新春特別版== *2019年2月8號嗰集因為喺大年初四播撞正新正頭，所以改名叫《'''總有好運過豬年'''》<!--（'''Talker: '''）-->，用過年開運做主題，唔計入正式集數。 ==每集一覽== ===第一季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2017年 |- | 1 || 8月11號 || 娛樂圈多鬼事 || [[雷宇揚]] |- | 2 || 8月18號 || [[UFO]]之迷 ||rowspan="2"| [[夏韶聲]] |- | 3 || 8月25號 || [[靈魂]]出竅 |- | 4 || 9月1號 || [[藍可兒]]懸案 || James Edward Garcia |- | 5 || 9月8號 || 警隊靈異秘聞 || Mark |- | 6 || 9月15號 || 外遊、酒店多怪事 || [[樂瞳]] |- | 7 || 9月22號 || 虛擬世界 ||rowspan="2"| [[卓飛]] |- | 8 || 9月29號 || 異世界 |- | 9 || 10月6號 || 暗網 ||恐懼鳥 |- | 10 || 10月13號 || 外國撞鬼 ||Andrew |- | 11 || 10月20號 || 家庭系統排列 ||Janet |- | 12 || 10月27號 || 狐仙及狐妖 ||rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 13 || 11月3號 || 佛牌咪亂戴 |- | 14 || 11月10號 || 古文明大揭秘 || Chris Tai |- | 15 || 11月17號 || 公共屋邨鬼故 || Derek |- | 16 || 11月24號 || 留學宿舍鬼故 ||[[袁嘉敏]] |- | 17 || 12月1號 ||rowspan="2"| 兇宅 ||rowspan="2"|[[林國誠]] |- | 18 || 12月8號 |- | 19 || 12月15號 || 新加坡南洋鬼故||[[周殷廷]] |- | 20 || 12月22號 || 薩滿||Andy |- | 21 || 12月29號 || 的士司機鬼故||Jacky |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 22 || 1月5號 || 登台鬼故||[[王書麒]] |- | 23 || 1月12號 || 降頭術||Frankie |- | 24 || 1月19號 || 片場奇異經歷||元彬 |- | 25 || 1月26號 || 牧師驅鬼||李錦彬 |- | 26 || 2月2號 || 醫院鬼故||[[李俊為]] |- | 27 || 2月9號 || 嬰靈及養鬼仔|| Frankie |- | 28 || 2月16號 || 狗年開運催財大法 || rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 29 || 2月23號 || 桃花橫財運 |- | 30 || 3月2號 || 與元神談判 || [[鄧兆尊]] |- | 31 || 3月9號 || 鬼上身 || 曹法華 |- | 32 || 3月16號 || 扶乩及道符 || Kitty |- | 33 || 3月23號 || 陰陽眼見聞 || Jesse |- | 34 || 3月30號 || 殯儀奇聞(1) || rowspan="2"|梁顯祺 |- | 35 || 4月6號 || 殯儀奇聞(2) |- | 36 || 4月13號 || 籤文密碼 || 何漢明 |- | 37 || 4月20號 || 遊地府 ||戚法誠師傅 |- | 38 || 4月27號 || 拍戲鬧鬼事件 ||[[樓南光]] |- | 39 || 5月4號 || 明童暗童對決 ||曹法華 |- | 40 || 5月11號 || 澳門賭場靈異事件 ||肥包 |- | 41 || 5月18號 || 修行者的前世今生 ||[[袁鳳瑛]] |- | 42 || 5月25號 || 最驚嚇怪事件 || |} ===第二季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 43 || 6月1號 || 香港第一「凶路」: 新娘潭路 ||靈屍 |- | 44 || 6月8號 || 與鬼同眠！建於亂葬崗上的屋邨 ||許樂 |- | 45 || 6月15號 || 猛鬼橋上的猛鬼公園 : 大埔滘花園 ||靈屍 |- | 46 || 6月22號 || 鬧市中的猛鬼工廈 || 許樂 |- | 47 || 6月29號 || 鬼影四伏的消暑勝地：石澳泳灘 ||文師兄 |- | 48 || 7月13號 || 猛鬼酒店 || [[莫竣名]] |- | 49 || 7月20號 || 大學不思議鬧鬼果園：合榮果園 || 許樂 |- | 50 || 7月27號 || 一條聚集靈體的舊街：上環普慶坊 || rowspan="2"|文師兄 |- | 51 || 8月3號 || 戰魂亡靈作祟的恐怖水塘：城門水塘 |- | 52 || 8月10號 || 猛鬼地鐵站 || rowspan="2"|靈屍 |- | 53 || 8月17號 || 全院滿座戲院傳聞 |- | 54 || 8月24號 || 孟蘭節靈異傳聞 || Heily馬溱鿋 |- | 55 || 8月31號 || 生人拒進的公共廁所 || 靈屍 |- | 56 || 9月7號 || 詭異渡假村 || Carmen |- | 57 || 9月14號 || 陰森停車場 || rowspan="2"|龍師父 |- | 58 || 9月21號 || 詭異屋邨 |- | 59 || 9月28號 || 恐怖凶宅 || 梁灝藍師父、文師兄 |- | 60 || 10月5號 || 猛鬼公路 || Jacky哥、龍師父 |- | 61 || 10月12號 || 猛鬼公園 || Jojo、龍師父 |- | 62 || 10月19號 || 陰森夜店 || 龍師父 |- | 63 || 10月26號 || 恐怖山徑 || 詹朗林(JJ)、林法燊師父 |- | 64 || 11月2號 || 詭異工廈 || 梁灝藍師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 65 || 11月9號 || 猛鬼水塘 || 卡比、龍師父 |- | 66 || 11月16號 || 恐怖墓園 || 袁伍鳳博士、林法燊師父 |- | 67 || 11月23號 || 詭異屋邨 || 陳彼得、許樂 |- | 68 || 11月30號 || 靈異的士 || Jacky哥、許樂 |- | 69 || 12月7號 || 猛鬼戰地 || Kiyo、文師兄 |- | 70 || 12月21號 || 鬧鬼沙灘 || 魔眼、文師兄 |- | 71 || 12月28號 || 青衣鬼仔湖 || 徐兆康、鄭澤霖師父 |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 72 || 1月4號 || 馬灣村落 || 皓云師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 73 || 1月18號 || 靈異社區 || [[何漢明]]師傅、文師兄 |- | 74 || 1月25號 || 詭異學校 || 韋奇、文師兄 |- | 75 || 2月1號 || 猛鬼郊野公園 || Kiyo、Ivan So |- | 總有好運過豬年 || 2月8號 || － || 何漢明師傅 |- | 76 || 2月15號 || 搞鬼新年 || 昇雄師傅、[[潘小文]] |- | 77 || 2月22號 || 車禍現場 詭影截車：松仔園巴士站 || 周健榮(健哥)、蘇煒喬 |- | 78 || 3月1號 || 靈異社區 || 徐可儀、龍師父 |} ===第三季=== 第118到122集同埋第124到130集搞咗個《'''全民撞鬼'''》真人騷比賽，請觀眾上去鬥講鬼故，由[[司徒法基]]做嘉賓主持。 {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 79 || 3月8號 || 死亡 || Josie [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 80 || 3月22號 || 與鬼對話 || [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 81 || 3月29號 || 前世今生 || [[吳卓林]] Andi 司徒法基 |- | 82 || 4月5號 || 請仙 || 梁晉華師傅 |- | 83 || 4月12號 || 報夢 || Jacqueline |- | 84 || 4月19號 || 前世催眠 || [[呂浩聲]] |- | 85 || 4月26號 || 十月懷胎靈異事件 || [[鄭麗莎]]、余中哲 |- | 86 || 5月3號 || 養鬼仔 || Frankie |- | 87 || 5月10號 || 靈力 || 盧法鏗師傅 |- | 88 || 5月17號 || 善惡靈體 || [[吳佩孚]]師傅 |- | 89 || 5月24號 || 查日腳 || [[陳法齊]]師傅、Josie |- | 90 || 5月31號 || 陰陽眼 || Roy、曉嵐 |- | 91 || 6月7號 || 水鬼 || 關耀西 |- | 92 || 6月14號 || 詭探 || 袁偉雄 |- | 93 || 6月21號 || rowspan="2"|驅鬼 || rowspan="3"|[[陳法齊]] |- | 94 || 6月28號 |- | 95 || 7月5號 || 靈探 |- | 96 || 7月19號 || 六色鬼 || 周根勝 |- | 97 || 7月26號 || 奇門遁甲 || 蔡偉雄 |- | 98 || 8月2號 || 異相 || 莫迪天 |- | 99 || 8月9號 || 盂蘭節 || 安仔 |- | 100 || 8月16號 || 鬼月 || 七仙羽 |- | 101 || 8月24號 || 靈幻少女 || Crystal |- | 102 || 8月30號 || 靈探團 || Dicky、Sam |- | 103 || 9月6號 || 冥婚 || 方海閱 |- | 104 || 9月13號 || 中秋搞笑鬼古 || [[ERROR (組合)|ERROR]] |- | 105 || 9月20號 || 降頭 || 呂法傳 |- | 106 || 9月27號 || 山精獸妖 || 胡秀聰 |- | 107 || 10月4號 || 狐仙 || 賴建明 |- | 108 || 10月11號 || 嬰靈 || 袁偉雄 |- | 109 || 10月18號 || 人鬼情未了 || Roy |- | 110 || 10月25號 || 佛牌與陰牌 || 陳汭鋒 |- | 111 || 11月1號 || 殯儀靈異事件 || 戚法誠 |- | 112 || 11月8號 || 台灣鬼神 || 馬菲 |- | 113 || 11月15號 || 動物靈 || 李淑敏 |- | 114 || 11月22號 || 鄧健泓靈異事件 || [[鄧健泓]] |- | 115 || 11月29號 || 凶宅 || 文師兄 |- | 116 || 12月6號 || 西洋魔法|| Simon |- | 117 || 12月13號 || 輪迴與報應|| 馬君程 |} ===第四季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2019年 |- | 118 || 12月20號 ||rowspan="2"|比賽講鬼故|| 七仙羽、Dorothy、Samson |- | 119 || 12月27號 || 七仙羽、Icy、Kimi |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 120 || 1月3號 ||rowspan="3"|比賽講鬼故|| 袁偉雄、In Lee、Jean |- | 121 || 1月10號 || 袁偉雄、KK、[[雨橋]] |- | 122 || 1月17號 || 吳佩孚、KAKA、Jacky |- | 123 || 1月24號 || 2020年經濟展望 || 七仙羽 |- | 124 || 1月31號 ||rowspan="5"|比賽講鬼故|| 吳佩孚、[[劉兆豐]]<!--肥豐-->、樹花 |- | 125 || 2月7號 || 陳法齊、曾文健<!--Anderson-->、Helen |- | 126 || 2月14號 || 陳法齊、世祈、Ahman |- | 127 || 2月21號 || 梁晉華、阿文、Carolyn 令彤 |- | 128 || 2月28號 || 梁晉華、Mary、Sally |- | 129 || 3月6號 || 全民撞鬼六強誕生 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤、曾文健、[[劉兆豐]]、樹花 |- | 130 || 3月13號 || 全民撞鬼總決賽 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤 |} ===第五季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 131 || 3月20號 || 地產從業員之靈異經歷 || Tracy <!--短片Jean--> |- | 132 || 3月27號 || 機場地勤之靈異事件 || Annie <!--短片Atro--> |- | 133 || 4月3號 || 攝影師之靈異事件 || Tiger <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 134 || 4月10號 || 機師之靈異經歷|| Ahman <!--短片Jean--> |- | 135 || 4月17號 || 舞蹈員之靈異經歷 || [[梁德忠|Tank]] <!--短片Atro--> |- | 136|| 4月24號 || 友台導演之靈異經歷 || Fred <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 137 || 5月1號||前導遊之靈異經歷|| Nigel <!--短片Jean--> |- |138||5月8號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Anderson--> |- |139||5月15號||寵物護士之靈異經歷|| Camila <!--短片Atro--> |- |140||5月22號||另類導遊之靈異經歷|| 阿軒 <!--短片Jean--> |- |141||5月29號||前懲教署職員之靈異經歷|| 陳Sir <!--短片Anderson--> |- |142||6月5號||前電台DJ之靈異經歷|| Garry <!--短片Jean--> |- |143||6月12號||前戲院職員之靈異經歷|| Anthea <!--短片Anderson--> |- |144||6月19號||藝人之靈異經歷|| Naomi <!--短片Jean--> |- |145||6月26號||娛樂編輯之靈異經歷|| 阿威 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |146||7月3號||歌唱老師之靈異經歷|| Josie <!--短片Jean--> |- |147||7月10號||殯儀從業員之靈異經歷|| [[薛國斌]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |148||7月17號||動作演員之靈異經歷|| September十仔 <!--短片Jean--> |- |149||7月24號||髮型師之靈異經歷||Fukey <!--短片Atro--> |- |150||7月31號||卓飛之靈異經歷||[[卓飛]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |151||8月7號||美容師之靈異經歷|| Fendi <!--短片Anderson--> |- |152||8月14號||劇場職員之靈異經歷|| Koko <!--短片Jean--> |- |153||8月21號||精神科醫生之靈異經歷|| 麥棨諾 <!--短片Jean--> |- |154||8月28號||粵劇演員之靈異經歷|| [[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |155||9月4號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Jean--> |- |156||9月11號||主題公園員工之靈異經歷|| Jennifer <!--短片Anderson--> |- |157||9月18號||高靈朋友之靈異經歷|| Jessie <!--短片Jean--> |- |158||9月25號||預告死亡|| Karmon <!--短片Anderson--> |- |159||10月2號||雙龍出海KB和火火之靈異經歷||[[李健宏|KB]]、[[火火]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |160||10月9號||荒廢樂園靈探片段|| Carolyn <!--短片Anderson--> |- |161||10月16號||導遊帶團之靈異經歷|| Mark <!--短片Jean--> |- |162||10月23號||法科師傅之靈異經歷||劉定立 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |163||10月30號||歌手之靈異經歷||[[徐加晴]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |164||11月6號||心理治療師之靈異經歷|| [[黃沁而]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |165||11月13號||藝人在外地遇到的靈異經歷||[[楊仲恩]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |166||11月20號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[譚凱倫]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |167||11月27號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Irene <!--短片Jean--> |- |168||12月4號||粵劇藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |169||12月11號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[吳麗珠]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |170||12月18號||網絡紅人的靈異經歷||Sunny、[[易健兒|Creamy]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |171||12月25號||藝人小肥遇到的靈異經歷||[[小肥]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2021年 |- |172||1月1號 ||七仙羽師傅分享靈異經歷|| [[七仙羽]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |173||1月8號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Ruby |- |174||1月15號||rowspan=2|釣魚發燒友分享靈異經歷||rowspan=2|米高<!--短片Anderson--> |- |175||1月22號 |- |176||1月29號||資深經理人分享靈異經歷||簡銘進<!--短片Anderson--> |- |177||2月5號||MIRROR 分享靈異經歷||[[邱士縉|Stanley]]、[[王智德|Alton]]、[[陳瑞輝|Frankie]] |- |178||2月12號||黃夏蕙分享上頭注香趣事||[[黃夏蕙]] |- |179||2月19號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷||[[江卓泓]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |180||2月26號||一對戀人分享靈異經歷||[[張紋嘉]]、[[林子傑]] |- |181||3月5號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Wing<!--短片Jean--> |- |182||3月12號||魔術師分享靈異經歷||Bronco |} ===第六季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest|如果主題已經清楚標明嘉賓嘅姓名，呢欄衹會標示演藝圈人物}}||'''分享靈異經歷觀眾''' |- ! colspan="5"| 2021年 |- |183||3月19號||高靈嘉賓分享靈異經歷||[[趙慧珊]]||子羽 |- |184||3月26號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[李忠希]]||Eric |- |185||4月2號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||芷淳||[[張啟樂]] |- |186||4月9號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[李亦喬]]||Francis |- |187||4月16號||清潔公司負責人分享靈異經歷||阿樂||Kalie |- |188||4月23號||夢妮妲分享靈異經歷||夢妮妲||Zoe |- |189||4月30號||J.Arie 分享靈異經歷||[[雷深如]]||Serena |- |190||5月7號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||[[陳譽之]]||Kitman |- |191||5月14號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[黎學勤]]||Cat |- |192||5月21號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Tommy||李小姐 |- |193||5月28號||練美娟分享靈異經歷||[[練美娟]]||Christina |- |194||6月4號||黃劍文分享靈異經歷||[[黃劍文]]||李恆昌 |- |195||6月11號||P1X3L三子分享靈異經歷||[[P1X3L]]||阿德 |- |196||6月25號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||龍師傅||陳先生 |- |197||7月2號||湯駿業分享靈異經歷||[[湯駿業]]||Daphne |- |198||7月9號||One Promise 成員分享靈異經歷||[[One Promise]]||Kiki |- |199||7月16號||演員毛曄穎分享靈異經歷||[[毛曄穎]]||Carmen |- |200||7月23號||呂法傳師傅分享靈異經歷||[[呂法傳]]||Christina |- |201||8月13號||攝影師分享靈異經歷||Leo||阿霖 |- |202||8月20號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[歐國成|Travis]]||Yannie |- |203||8月27號||藝人野人分享靈異經歷||[[李怡 (林珊珊孻女)|野人]]||Yan |- |204||9月3號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[方芷欣|方方]]||阿樂 |- |205||9月10號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||馮比比||Yannie |- |206||9月17號||風水師傅分享靈異經歷||[[謝柳汝|Tasha]]||[[陳漢詩]] |- |207||9月24號||嘉賓Pinky分享靈異經歷||Pinky||華華 |- |208||10月1號||造星III阿Bee分享靈異經歷||[[蘇家欣]]||肥啤 |- |209||10月8號||嘉賓Wenji分享靈異經歷||Wenji||Danny |- |210||10月15號||嘉賓肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]]||Trixie |- |211||10月22號||嘉賓御東昇分享靈異經歷||[[御東昇]]||Oscar |- |212||10月29號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||Tommy||Perry |- |213||11月5號||嘉賓阿富分享靈異經歷||阿富||Serena |- |214||11月12號||嘉賓Mike分享靈異經歷||Mike ||李悠 |- |215||11月19號||電台主持葉韻怡分享靈異經歷||[[葉韻怡]]||施先生 |- |216||11月26號||嘉賓泰師傅分享靈異經歷||泰師傅||車長 |- |217||12月3號||嘉賓Soyan分享靈異經歷||So Yan ||Kiki |- |218||12月10號||嘉賓蔡宛珊 Sarika 分享靈異經歷||[[蔡宛珊]]||九妹 |- |219||12月17號||嘉賓吳林峰分享靈異經歷||[[吳林峰]]||Peggy |- |220||12月24號||嘉賓阮德鏘分享靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]]||{{N/A}} |- ! colspan="5"| 2022年 |- |221||1月7號||嘉賓小薯茄分享靈異經歷||[[蔡曉童]]、[[關浩傑]]、[[程仁富]]||Jojo |- |222||1月14號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||阿O仔||Yannie |- |223||1月21號||歌手 Kiko 分享靈異經歷||[[唐浩嘉]]|| Tony |- |224||1月28號||嘉賓 Kiki 分享靈異經歷|| || 四家姐 |- |225||2月4號||總有財神喺左近|| || |- |226||2月11號||嘉賓盤菜瑩子分享靈異經歷|| [[柯翠婷]] || Christina |- |227||2月18號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷|| Nike || 阿賢 |- |228||2月25號||高靈人士馮比比之靈異經歷|| || 蔡婷婷 |- |229||3月4號||Depp 師傅之靈異經歷|| || Mischelle |- |230||3月11號||泰國法科師傅介紹捨十面|| || |- |231||3月18號||高靈人士O仔分享靈異經歷|| || Lawrence |- |232||3月25號||孔師傅分享靈異經歷|| 孔麒淦 || 火姐 |- |233||4月1號||高靈人士阿橙分享靈異經歷|| || Ring |- |234||4月8號||李牧師分享驅鬼經歷|| 李錦彬 || Wing |- |235||4月15號||馬騮搣分享睇景撞鬼經過||[[袁詩向]]|| Marco |- |236||4月22號|| Emily 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2|岑樂怡因為拍攝其他節目，冇做主持。}} || || 小鬼 |- |237||4月29號||曹法華師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || || 岑樂怡{{noteTag|name=guest3|呢集係分享靈異經歷嘅觀眾}} |} ===第七季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2022年 |- |238||5月6號||王法鎧師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |239||5月13號||塔羅師 Jay 分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |240||5月20號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |241||5月27號||Cindy 師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |242||6月3號||高靈人士阿勳分享靈異經歷|| |- |243||6月10號||高靈人士 Sam 分享鬼屋驚魂|| |- |244||6月17號||胡法揚師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |245||6月24號||吳奇雲師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |246||7月1號||高靈人士 In Lee 分享靈異經歷|| |- |247||7月8號||陳元溢師傅分享靈異個案||[[陳元溢]] |- |248||7月15號||李星熲分享靈異經歷|| [[李星熲]] |- |249||7月22號||羅雲龍師傅分享製作人員靈異個案|| |- |250||7月29號||法基師叔大談鬼月禁忌|| [[司徒法基]] |- |251||8月5號||冰姐分享靈異經歷 || [[鍾慧冰]] |- |252||8月12號||盧法鏗師傅分享鬼節注意事項 || |- |253||8月19號||泰師傅分享鬼月靈異經歷 || |- |254||8月26號||洪助昇分享靈異經歷 || [[洪助昇]] |- |255||9月2號||Jan Jan師傅分享靈異經歷 ||[[陳蔚菁|Jan Jan]] |- |256||9月9號||文師兄分享靈異個案 || |- |257||9月16號||谷旻分享靈異經歷 || [[谷旻]] |- |258||9月23號||艾妮分享靈異經歷 || [[艾妮]] |- |259||9月30號||蘇煒喬分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇煒喬]] |- | 260 || 10月7號 || 林法燊師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- | 261 || 10月14號 || 林雅詩分享靈異經歷 || [[林雅詩]] |- | 262 || 10月21號 || 高靈人士 Jackie 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 263 || 10月28號 || 蔡頌思分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || [[蔡頌思]] |- | 264 || 11月4號 || 黃法乾師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 265 || 11月11號 || 蘇麗珊分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇麗珊]] |- | 266 || 11月18號 || 阿 Lu 分享靈異經歷 || [[何嘉露]] |- | 267 || 12月2號 || 馬法彤師傅踢爆神棍詐騙手法 || |- | 268 || 12月16號 || 楊梓菁分享靈異經歷 || [[楊梓菁]] |- | 269 || 12月23號 || 謝柳汝師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 270 || 12月30號 || 胡凱澄分享靈異經歷 || [[胡凱澄]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2023年 |- | 271 || 1月6號 || 林靜莉分享靈異經歷 || [[林靜莉]] |- | 272 || 1月13號 || 高靈人士 Violet 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 273 || 1月20號 || 何天嵐分享靈異經歷 ||[[何天嵐]] |- | 274 || 1月27號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (I) || |- | 275 || 2月3號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (II) || |- | 276 || 2月10號 || 女巫慧慧分享靈異個案 || |- | 277 || 2月17號 || 通靈人黃沁而分享靈異個案 || |- | 278 || 2月24號 || 高靈人士Billy分享靈異經歷 || |- | 279 || 3月3號 || Angela及Sally分享靈異經歷 || |- | 280 || 3月10號 || 高靈人士Jackie分享靈異個案 || |- | 281 || 3月17號 || 高靈人士 Elvis 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 282 || 3月24號 || 南師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 283 || 3月31號 || 恆仔@ToNick 分享靈異經歷 || [[趙善恆]] |- | 284 || 4月7號 || 龔柯允分享靈異經歷 || [[龔柯允]] |- | 285 || 4月14號 || 暗網仔分享靈異經歷|| |- | 286 || 4月21號 || KK 師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- | 287 || 4月28號 || 巫師 Lucas分享靈異經歷||[[李進偉]] |- | 288 || 5月5號 || 高靈人士曾文健分享靈異經歷|| |- | 289 || 5月12號 || 鍾慧冰分享靈異經歷||[[鍾慧冰]] |- | 290 || 5月19號 || 安俊豪分享靈異經歷||[[安俊豪]] |- | 291 || 5月26號 || J師傅分享靈異個案|| |- | 292 || 6月2號 || 姜文杰分享靈異經歷||[[姜文杰]] |- | 293 || 6月9號 || 高靈人士 Sammul 分享靈異經歷 |- | 294 || 6月16號 || 鄧禮迪分享靈異經歷||[[鄧禮迪]] |- | 295 || 6月23號 || 黃諱岐師傅分享靈異個案 |- | 296 || 6月30號 || 高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷 |- | 297 || 7月7號 || 譚杏藍分享靈異經歷 ||[[譚杏藍]] |- | 298 || 7月14號 || 林定康師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 299 || 7月21號 || 193 與 Ash 分享靈異經歷 ||[[郭嘉駿]]、[[鍾卓穎]] |- | 300 || 7月28號 || 親身到訪猛鬼宿舍探靈 || |- | 301 || 8月4號 || 歌手符家浚分享靈異經歷 || [[符家浚]] |- | 302 || 8月11號 || 智澄師傅分享靈異經歷 || |- | 303 || 8月18號 || 戚法誠師傅分享鬼月禁忌 || |- | 304 ||8月25號||高靈人士異狼蜃分享靈異經歷|| |- | 305 || 9月1號 ||靈異作家馬菲分享靈異經歷|| |- | 306 ||9月8號||潘法剛師傅分享鬼門關個案|| |- |307||9月15號||靈性治療師Amanda分享靈異經歷|| |- |308||9月22號||羅允芝分享靈異經歷||[[羅允芝]] |- |309||9月29號||馮法韜師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |310||10月6號||音樂人彭嘉維分享靈異經歷|| |- |311||10月13號||仙玉道士分享靈異個案|| |- |312||10月20號||古庄辰師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |313||10月27號||辰穆師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |314||11月3號||馬修分享靈異經歷|| |- |315||11月10號||Annie、Daisy、Jonathan分享靈異經歷|| |- |316||11月17號||網台主持Chris分享靈異經歷|| |- |317||11月24號||阿O分享靈異經歷|| |- |318||12月1號||李法乾師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |319||12月8號||音樂人Melody分享靈異經歷|| |- |320||12月15號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |321||12月22號||結他手Will分享靈異經歷|| |- |322||12月29號||鬼強師姐分享靈異經歷|| |- ! colspan="4"| 2024年 |- |323||1月5號||觀眾Yui分享靈異經歷|| |- |324||1月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |325||1月19號||阿旦鄧洢玲分享靈異經歷||[[鄧洢玲]] |- |326||1月26號||碧霞老師分享靈異經歷及個案||[[唐碧霞]] |- |327||2月2號||鄧月平分享靈異經歷||[[鄧月平]] |- |328||2月9號||Key師傅預測龍年運程|| |- |329||2月16號||占星師阿炭講解2024年星相|| |- |330||2月23號||肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]] |- |331||3月1號||女巫海諾分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |332||3月8號||觀眾大寶、細寶分享靈異經歷|| |- |333||3月15號||高靈人士Sami分享靈異經歷|| |- |334||3月22號||夢妮妲分享靈異個案|| |- |335||3月29號||觀眾Carrie分享靈異經歷|| |- |336||4月5號||的士司機Jacky分享靈異經歷|| |- |337||4月12號||米露迪分享靈異經歷||[[米露迪]] |- |338||4月19號||胡凱澄Ame分享靈異經歷||[[胡凱澄]] |- |339||4月26號||龍躍天師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |340||5月3號||恐怖插畫家Casper分享靈異經歷|| |- |341||5月10號||羅雲龍師傅分享靈異個案||羅雲龍師傅 |- |342||5月17號||高靈人士TT分享靈異經歷|| |- |343||5月24號||通靈人士Cleo分享靈異經歷|| |- |344||5月31號||舞台劇演員Alex分享靈異經歷|| |- |345||6月7號||塔羅師Amy分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |346||6月14號||Ah Gi 分享靈異經歷||[[樊沛珈]] |- |347||6月28號||塔羅師 Gladys 分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |348||7月5號||朱天Justin分享靈異經歷||[[朱天]] |- |349||7月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |350||7月19號||護士Alina分享靈異經歷|| |- |351||7月26號||混血兒Pamela分享靈異經歷||[[鄧祖欣]] |- |352||8月16號||呂法傳師傅分享鬼月禁忌|| |- |353||8月23號||藝人宋婭彤分享靈異經歷||[[宋婭彤]] |- |354||8月30號||文師兄分享鬼月靈異個案|| |- |355||9月6號||藝人鍾菀菱分享靈異經歷||[[鍾菀菱]] |- |356||9月13號||法基師叔分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |357||9月20號||風水師黃晉分享靈異經歷|| |- |358||9月27號||藝人馮素波分享靈異經歷||[[馮素波]] |- |359||10月4號||心靈治癒師Hannah分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |360||10月11號||自由工作者Ewen分享靈異經歷|| |- |361||10月18號||張法坤師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |362||10月25號||催眠治療師Tim Sir分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |363||11月1號||樂隊成員樂兒分享靈異經歷||[[廖樂兒]] |- |364||11月8號||Ivan和Stone分享靈異經歷||[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Ivan]]、[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Stone]] |- |365||11月15號||印度女模Anchal分享靈異經歷|| |- |366||11月22號||全民造星ll 季軍Oscar Li分享靈異經歷||[[李禹燊]] |- |367||11月29號||Trazy師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |368||12月6號||靈媒Severis 分享靈異經歷|| |- |369||12月13號||香港漫畫家Summer分享靈異經歷|| |- |370||12月20號||音樂監製段深瀚分享靈異經歷|| |- |371||12月27號||40路參賽者Belle分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|曾凱霖]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |372||1月3號||大祭司Varuni分享靈異個案|| |- |373||1月10號||歌手張光宇分享靈異經歷||[[張光宇]] |- |374||1月17號||孟加拉裔女生Barbie分享靈異經歷|| |- |375||1月24號||藝人韋湛櫸分享靈異經歷||[[韋湛櫸]] |- |376||1月31號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 生肖篇|| |- |377||2月7號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 風水佈局篇|| |- |378||2月14號||強尼、Kathy仔分享靈異經歷||[[強尼]]、[[王頌茵]] |- |379||2月21號||泰國製片Aimee分享靈異經歷|| |- |380||2月28號||鬼故作家馮比比分享靈異個案|| |- |381||3月7號||嘉寶師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |382||3月14號||足球教練姨丈分享靈異經歷||[[叢培銘]] |- |383||3月21號||演員Giselle分享靈異經歷||[[林慧倩]] |- |384||3月28號||網台主持藍秀朗分享靈異個案|| |- |385||4月4號||Jacky師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |386||4月11號||E.X分享靈異經歷|| |- |387||4月18號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |388||4月25號||莊韻澄分享靈異經歷||[[莊韻澄]] |- |389||5月2號||藝人方俊分享靈異經歷||[[方俊]] |- |390||5月9號||杜杜分享靈異經歷|| |- |391||5月16號||Kit分享靈異經歷|| |- |392||5月23號||黃師傅分享靈異個案|| |} ===第八季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |393||5月30號||佛堂堂主Celia分享奇幻經歷|| |- |394||6月6號||通靈占卜師Tiffany分享靈異經歷|| |- |395||6月13號||前空姐Barbie分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|陳懿汶]] |- |396||6月20號||女巫Soma分享靈異經歷|| |- |397||6月27號||棟篤笑演員大咪分享靈異事件|| |- |398||7月11號||高靈人士紅萬兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |399||7月18號||演員鄭昕彤分享靈異經歷||[[鄭昕彤]] |- |400||7月25號||親身到訪廢棄學校試玩招靈遊戲||[[司徒法基]] |- |401||8月1號||健身教練Ocean分享靈異經歷|| |- |402||8月8號||高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷|| |- |403||8月15號||林定康師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |404||8月22號||靈探KOL AP分享靈異經歷|| |- |405||8月29號||雲楚笙師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |406||9月5號||禮儀策劃師Ben sir分享靈異經歷|| |- |407||9月12號||演員阿Mei分享靈異經歷|| |- |408||9月19號||玄曦師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |409||9月26號||刮痧師傅小雪分享靈異經歷|| |- |410||10月3號||護士學生Deer分享靈異經歷|| |- |411||10月10號||孫慧雪分享靈異經歷||[[孫慧雪]] |- |412||10月17號||導遊Mark師兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |413||10月24號||殯儀師Bowie分享靈異經歷|| |- |414||10月31號||徐頴堃分享靈異經歷||[[徐頴堃]] |- |415||11月7號||山信師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |416||11月21號||端木師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |417||12月12號||衛詩雅分享靈異經歷||[[衛詩雅]] |- |418||12月19號||觀眾Karen分享靈異經歷|| |- |419||12月26號||修行人許芯悅分享靈異經歷||[[許芯悅]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2026年 |- |420||1月2號||歌手Hysan分享靈異經歷||[[Young Hysan]] |- |421||1月9號||地產經紀Violet分享靈異經歷|| |- |422||1月16號||荃灣區猛鬼酒店|| |- |423||1月23號||黃大仙區神明離位傳聞|| |- |424||1月30號||九龍城區電台鬼故||{{tsl|zh|黃冠斌}} |- |425||2月6號||大埔區新娘潭死亡之灣|| |- |426||2月13號||中西區忠靈塔軍刀出土|| |- |427||2月20號||龍躍天師傅馬年運程預測|| |- |428||2月27號||東區筲箕灣山精傳說|| |- |429||3月6號||離島區自殺勝地|| |- |430||3月13號||深水埗區倫常命案|| |- |431||3月20號||屯門區屋邨與墳共存||[[唐碧霞]] |- |432||3月27號||南區集體目擊UFO事件|| |- |433||4月3號||沙田區城門河女鬼傳聞|| |- |434||4月10號||觀塘區秀茂坪山泥傾瀉|| |- |435||4月17號||葵青區孤獨死悲劇|| |- |436||4月24號||油尖旺區肢解命案|| |- |437||5月1號||灣仔區無主孤魂牌位|| |- |438||5月8號||元朗區五鬼邪術凶屋|| |- |439||5月15號||黃大仙區屋邨空中飛人事件|| |- |440||5月22號||西貢區片場鬼故||[[黃澤鋒]] |- |441||5月29號||北區廢墟靈探|| |- |442||6月5號||土瓜灣靈異傳聞|| |} ==節目調動== *2018年7月6號：由於直播[[2018年FIFA世界盃]]8強賽，所以停播一次。 *2018年12月14號：由於直播《2018 MAMA亞洲音樂大獎-香港站》，所以停播一次。 *2019年1月11號：由於《[[人住公屋 我住公屋]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年3月15號：由於《[[初戀還未來？]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年7月12號：由於《[[厲害了！蘇哥兒]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2020年2月28號：由於《[[性敢中環]]》第12集加長到21:30-22:15播，《[[向西聞記]]》、《[[辣伙頭]]》及《[[究竟食咗乜]]》順延播出，所以褪到23:45-00:15播。 *2020年5月22號：由於20:40-21:10直播政府記者會，連帶嗰晚剩低節目都褪半個鐘播，所以褪到第二日00:00-00:30播。 *2021年1月1號：由於19:00-23:40轉播《[[2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮得獎名單|2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，嗰日《[[Now新聞報道|7點新聞報道]]》暫停播映，改為23:40-00:10播出一節《[[Now深宵新聞|深宵報道]]》，所以褪到第二日00:10-00:40播。 *2021年3月19號：由於20:30-23:00播劇集《[[教場]]》，之後嘅節目要順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2021年6月18號：由於23:30-02:15直播《[[2020年歐洲國家盃|歐洲國家盃 2020]] - 克羅地亞 對 捷克》，所以停播一次。 *2021年7月23號：由於《[[奧運有團伙|奧運有得揀]]》（2020東京奧運開幕典禮）直播超時，之後嘅節目臨時順延播出，所以臨時順延到深夜00:30-01:00播。 *2021年7月30號、8月6號，由於播《奧運有團伙 精彩一夜》，所以停播一次。 *2021年12月31號：由於22:00-00:30直播《香港跨年倒數演唱會》，所以停播一次。 *2022年11月25號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》荷蘭對厄瓜多爾，所以停播一次。 *2022年12月9號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》半準決賽 - 克羅地亞 對 巴西，所以停播一次。 *2024年4月12號：由於《[[瑪嘉烈與大衛系列 絲絲]]》加長到21:30-23:00播，《[[姑媽突變神隱少女]]》同《[[女主播向世界揾食]]》順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2024年6月21號：由於23:30-23:55重播《[[歐洲國家盃]]2024賽日精華》第7集，所以停播一次。 *2024年8月2號同9號：由於原時段直播《[[2024年夏季奧林匹克運動會|巴黎奧運爭勝一夜]]》，所以停播一次。 *2024年10月11號：由於《[[十七年命運週期]]》加長到21:30-22:45播，《[[Boyscation Too]]》同《[[高質旅行包膠]]》順延播出，所以順延到23:45-00:10播。 *2024年11月1號：由於《[[Boyscation Too]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[狗仔隊亂入Seoul]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2024年12月13號：由於《[[ERROR 死腳膠千萬巨蛋自作夢]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[台灣都市傳說]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2025年5月30號：由於19:30-22:15直播《凝皓教育挑戰盃 - 中國香港 對 曼聯》，《[[光明大押]]》順延播出，呢個節目原定順延到23:15-23:45播出，但由於直播超時到22:30完，所以再順延到23:30-00:00播出。 *2025年7月4號：由於23:00-23:55直播《[[晚吹]] - [[有得吹好吹]]》第3集，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月7號：由於《[[ROVER 綜藝咁樣樣]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以順延到23:35-00:00播。 *2025年11月14號：由於22:30-23:30播《[[中華人民共和國第十五屆運動會|十五運會勝利時刻]]》，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月21號：嗰晚提早到22:30-23:00播，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《[[社內相親 (ViuTV)|社內相親]]》第10集（23:05-00:00）。 *2025年11月28號：因應跟進[[宏福苑大火]]事故，嗰晚23:00-00:00改為插播《新聞報道》，所以停播一次。 *2025年12月5號：因應[[宏福苑大火]]事故後社會氣氛，嗰晚停播一次，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《模範的士 2》第5集（23:05-00:00）。 *2026年4月24號：由於23:25-23:30播《[[製作中]]》第40集，第436集改喺23:00-23:25播。 *2026年6月12號：由於23:00-23:05同23:05-00:00分別播《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》第1384集同《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 精彩60分鐘》第1集，所以停播一次。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 ViuTV：晚吹 - 總有一瓣喺左近] {{晚吹系列}} [[Category:2017年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2018年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2019年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2020年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2021年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2022年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:晚吹]] 0s6xgo7yj5nq8rq1alqs5a2sl7ql4nk 2416402 2416400 2026-06-05T03:17:38Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 節目調動 */ 2416402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 總有一瓣喺左近 | 原名 = Talker - One Beside You 3 | 圖片 = File:Talker - One Beside You 3.jpg | 類型 = 清談、靈異 | 導演 = 梁麗賢 | 主持 = 第一季（第1-42集）：<br/>[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]<br/>第二季（第43-78集）：<br/>潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]<br/>第三至七季（第79-392集）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]<br/>第八季起（第393集起）：<br/>潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵 | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 集數 = | 製作年份 = 2017年起 | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 編審 = 羅世雄 | 監製 = 周勳 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]]{{notetag|name="MakerVille"}} | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2017|8|11}} | 結束 = {{end date|||}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜五<br>第1-38集：23:30-00:00<br>第39-85集：23:00-23:30<br>第86-386集：23:30-00:00<br>第387集起：23:00-23:30 | 官方網站 = http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 | 相關 = 《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》<br/>《[[總有一件喺左近]]》 }} 《'''總有一瓣喺左近'''》（{{lang-en|'''Talker - One Beside You 3'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作{{notetag|name="MakerVille"|2022年4月底前標示[[香港電視娛樂]]製作}}嘅清談節目，喺[[ViuTV]]播出。第一季（第1-42集）由2017年8月11號至2018年5月25號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00（[[晚吹]]時段），主持係[[潘紹聰]]、[[關寶慧]]、[[岑樂怡]]；第二季（第43-78集）由2018年6月1號至2019年3月1號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、[[符致逸]]、[[王頌茵]]；第三至七季（第79-392集）由2019年3月8號至2015年4月11號逢禮拜五23:30-00:00，2025年4月18號至2015年5月23號逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、[[詹朗林]]；第八季起（第393集起）由2025年5月30號開始逢禮拜五23:00-23:30，主持潘紹聰、岑樂怡、王頌茵。 佢係《[[總有一隻喺左近]]》下半季嘅兄弟作品。每集節目都會講唔同靈異話題。 ==新春特別版== *2019年2月8號嗰集因為喺大年初四播撞正新正頭，所以改名叫《'''總有好運過豬年'''》<!--（'''Talker: '''）-->，用過年開運做主題，唔計入正式集數。 ==每集一覽== ===第一季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2017年 |- | 1 || 8月11號 || 娛樂圈多鬼事 || [[雷宇揚]] |- | 2 || 8月18號 || [[UFO]]之迷 ||rowspan="2"| [[夏韶聲]] |- | 3 || 8月25號 || [[靈魂]]出竅 |- | 4 || 9月1號 || [[藍可兒]]懸案 || James Edward Garcia |- | 5 || 9月8號 || 警隊靈異秘聞 || Mark |- | 6 || 9月15號 || 外遊、酒店多怪事 || [[樂瞳]] |- | 7 || 9月22號 || 虛擬世界 ||rowspan="2"| [[卓飛]] |- | 8 || 9月29號 || 異世界 |- | 9 || 10月6號 || 暗網 ||恐懼鳥 |- | 10 || 10月13號 || 外國撞鬼 ||Andrew |- | 11 || 10月20號 || 家庭系統排列 ||Janet |- | 12 || 10月27號 || 狐仙及狐妖 ||rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 13 || 11月3號 || 佛牌咪亂戴 |- | 14 || 11月10號 || 古文明大揭秘 || Chris Tai |- | 15 || 11月17號 || 公共屋邨鬼故 || Derek |- | 16 || 11月24號 || 留學宿舍鬼故 ||[[袁嘉敏]] |- | 17 || 12月1號 ||rowspan="2"| 兇宅 ||rowspan="2"|[[林國誠]] |- | 18 || 12月8號 |- | 19 || 12月15號 || 新加坡南洋鬼故||[[周殷廷]] |- | 20 || 12月22號 || 薩滿||Andy |- | 21 || 12月29號 || 的士司機鬼故||Jacky |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 22 || 1月5號 || 登台鬼故||[[王書麒]] |- | 23 || 1月12號 || 降頭術||Frankie |- | 24 || 1月19號 || 片場奇異經歷||元彬 |- | 25 || 1月26號 || 牧師驅鬼||李錦彬 |- | 26 || 2月2號 || 醫院鬼故||[[李俊為]] |- | 27 || 2月9號 || 嬰靈及養鬼仔|| Frankie |- | 28 || 2月16號 || 狗年開運催財大法 || rowspan="2"|[[司徒法正]] |- | 29 || 2月23號 || 桃花橫財運 |- | 30 || 3月2號 || 與元神談判 || [[鄧兆尊]] |- | 31 || 3月9號 || 鬼上身 || 曹法華 |- | 32 || 3月16號 || 扶乩及道符 || Kitty |- | 33 || 3月23號 || 陰陽眼見聞 || Jesse |- | 34 || 3月30號 || 殯儀奇聞(1) || rowspan="2"|梁顯祺 |- | 35 || 4月6號 || 殯儀奇聞(2) |- | 36 || 4月13號 || 籤文密碼 || 何漢明 |- | 37 || 4月20號 || 遊地府 ||戚法誠師傅 |- | 38 || 4月27號 || 拍戲鬧鬼事件 ||[[樓南光]] |- | 39 || 5月4號 || 明童暗童對決 ||曹法華 |- | 40 || 5月11號 || 澳門賭場靈異事件 ||肥包 |- | 41 || 5月18號 || 修行者的前世今生 ||[[袁鳳瑛]] |- | 42 || 5月25號 || 最驚嚇怪事件 || |} ===第二季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2018年 |- | 43 || 6月1號 || 香港第一「凶路」: 新娘潭路 ||靈屍 |- | 44 || 6月8號 || 與鬼同眠！建於亂葬崗上的屋邨 ||許樂 |- | 45 || 6月15號 || 猛鬼橋上的猛鬼公園 : 大埔滘花園 ||靈屍 |- | 46 || 6月22號 || 鬧市中的猛鬼工廈 || 許樂 |- | 47 || 6月29號 || 鬼影四伏的消暑勝地：石澳泳灘 ||文師兄 |- | 48 || 7月13號 || 猛鬼酒店 || [[莫竣名]] |- | 49 || 7月20號 || 大學不思議鬧鬼果園：合榮果園 || 許樂 |- | 50 || 7月27號 || 一條聚集靈體的舊街：上環普慶坊 || rowspan="2"|文師兄 |- | 51 || 8月3號 || 戰魂亡靈作祟的恐怖水塘：城門水塘 |- | 52 || 8月10號 || 猛鬼地鐵站 || rowspan="2"|靈屍 |- | 53 || 8月17號 || 全院滿座戲院傳聞 |- | 54 || 8月24號 || 孟蘭節靈異傳聞 || Heily馬溱鿋 |- | 55 || 8月31號 || 生人拒進的公共廁所 || 靈屍 |- | 56 || 9月7號 || 詭異渡假村 || Carmen |- | 57 || 9月14號 || 陰森停車場 || rowspan="2"|龍師父 |- | 58 || 9月21號 || 詭異屋邨 |- | 59 || 9月28號 || 恐怖凶宅 || 梁灝藍師父、文師兄 |- | 60 || 10月5號 || 猛鬼公路 || Jacky哥、龍師父 |- | 61 || 10月12號 || 猛鬼公園 || Jojo、龍師父 |- | 62 || 10月19號 || 陰森夜店 || 龍師父 |- | 63 || 10月26號 || 恐怖山徑 || 詹朗林(JJ)、林法燊師父 |- | 64 || 11月2號 || 詭異工廈 || 梁灝藍師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 65 || 11月9號 || 猛鬼水塘 || 卡比、龍師父 |- | 66 || 11月16號 || 恐怖墓園 || 袁伍鳳博士、林法燊師父 |- | 67 || 11月23號 || 詭異屋邨 || 陳彼得、許樂 |- | 68 || 11月30號 || 靈異的士 || Jacky哥、許樂 |- | 69 || 12月7號 || 猛鬼戰地 || Kiyo、文師兄 |- | 70 || 12月21號 || 鬧鬼沙灘 || 魔眼、文師兄 |- | 71 || 12月28號 || 青衣鬼仔湖 || 徐兆康、鄭澤霖師父 |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 72 || 1月4號 || 馬灣村落 || 皓云師父、鄭澤霖師父 |- | 73 || 1月18號 || 靈異社區 || [[何漢明]]師傅、文師兄 |- | 74 || 1月25號 || 詭異學校 || 韋奇、文師兄 |- | 75 || 2月1號 || 猛鬼郊野公園 || Kiyo、Ivan So |- | 總有好運過豬年 || 2月8號 || － || 何漢明師傅 |- | 76 || 2月15號 || 搞鬼新年 || 昇雄師傅、[[潘小文]] |- | 77 || 2月22號 || 車禍現場 詭影截車：松仔園巴士站 || 周健榮(健哥)、蘇煒喬 |- | 78 || 3月1號 || 靈異社區 || 徐可儀、龍師父 |} ===第三季=== 第118到122集同埋第124到130集搞咗個《'''全民撞鬼'''》真人騷比賽，請觀眾上去鬥講鬼故，由[[司徒法基]]做嘉賓主持。 {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4" |2019年 |- | 79 || 3月8號 || 死亡 || Josie [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 80 || 3月22號 || 與鬼對話 || [[司徒法正]] Benny Mas |- | 81 || 3月29號 || 前世今生 || [[吳卓林]] Andi 司徒法基 |- | 82 || 4月5號 || 請仙 || 梁晉華師傅 |- | 83 || 4月12號 || 報夢 || Jacqueline |- | 84 || 4月19號 || 前世催眠 || [[呂浩聲]] |- | 85 || 4月26號 || 十月懷胎靈異事件 || [[鄭麗莎]]、余中哲 |- | 86 || 5月3號 || 養鬼仔 || Frankie |- | 87 || 5月10號 || 靈力 || 盧法鏗師傅 |- | 88 || 5月17號 || 善惡靈體 || [[吳佩孚]]師傅 |- | 89 || 5月24號 || 查日腳 || [[陳法齊]]師傅、Josie |- | 90 || 5月31號 || 陰陽眼 || Roy、曉嵐 |- | 91 || 6月7號 || 水鬼 || 關耀西 |- | 92 || 6月14號 || 詭探 || 袁偉雄 |- | 93 || 6月21號 || rowspan="2"|驅鬼 || rowspan="3"|[[陳法齊]] |- | 94 || 6月28號 |- | 95 || 7月5號 || 靈探 |- | 96 || 7月19號 || 六色鬼 || 周根勝 |- | 97 || 7月26號 || 奇門遁甲 || 蔡偉雄 |- | 98 || 8月2號 || 異相 || 莫迪天 |- | 99 || 8月9號 || 盂蘭節 || 安仔 |- | 100 || 8月16號 || 鬼月 || 七仙羽 |- | 101 || 8月24號 || 靈幻少女 || Crystal |- | 102 || 8月30號 || 靈探團 || Dicky、Sam |- | 103 || 9月6號 || 冥婚 || 方海閱 |- | 104 || 9月13號 || 中秋搞笑鬼古 || [[ERROR (組合)|ERROR]] |- | 105 || 9月20號 || 降頭 || 呂法傳 |- | 106 || 9月27號 || 山精獸妖 || 胡秀聰 |- | 107 || 10月4號 || 狐仙 || 賴建明 |- | 108 || 10月11號 || 嬰靈 || 袁偉雄 |- | 109 || 10月18號 || 人鬼情未了 || Roy |- | 110 || 10月25號 || 佛牌與陰牌 || 陳汭鋒 |- | 111 || 11月1號 || 殯儀靈異事件 || 戚法誠 |- | 112 || 11月8號 || 台灣鬼神 || 馬菲 |- | 113 || 11月15號 || 動物靈 || 李淑敏 |- | 114 || 11月22號 || 鄧健泓靈異事件 || [[鄧健泓]] |- | 115 || 11月29號 || 凶宅 || 文師兄 |- | 116 || 12月6號 || 西洋魔法|| Simon |- | 117 || 12月13號 || 輪迴與報應|| 馬君程 |} ===第四季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2019年 |- | 118 || 12月20號 ||rowspan="2"|比賽講鬼故|| 七仙羽、Dorothy、Samson |- | 119 || 12月27號 || 七仙羽、Icy、Kimi |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 120 || 1月3號 ||rowspan="3"|比賽講鬼故|| 袁偉雄、In Lee、Jean |- | 121 || 1月10號 || 袁偉雄、KK、[[雨橋]] |- | 122 || 1月17號 || 吳佩孚、KAKA、Jacky |- | 123 || 1月24號 || 2020年經濟展望 || 七仙羽 |- | 124 || 1月31號 ||rowspan="5"|比賽講鬼故|| 吳佩孚、[[劉兆豐]]<!--肥豐-->、樹花 |- | 125 || 2月7號 || 陳法齊、曾文健<!--Anderson-->、Helen |- | 126 || 2月14號 || 陳法齊、世祈、Ahman |- | 127 || 2月21號 || 梁晉華、阿文、Carolyn 令彤 |- | 128 || 2月28號 || 梁晉華、Mary、Sally |- | 129 || 3月6號 || 全民撞鬼六強誕生 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤、曾文健、[[劉兆豐]]、樹花 |- | 130 || 3月13號 || 全民撞鬼總決賽 || [[司徒法基]]、Jean、Mary、Carolyn 令彤 |} ===第五季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- ! colspan="4"| 2020年 |- | 131 || 3月20號 || 地產從業員之靈異經歷 || Tracy <!--短片Jean--> |- | 132 || 3月27號 || 機場地勤之靈異事件 || Annie <!--短片Atro--> |- | 133 || 4月3號 || 攝影師之靈異事件 || Tiger <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 134 || 4月10號 || 機師之靈異經歷|| Ahman <!--短片Jean--> |- | 135 || 4月17號 || 舞蹈員之靈異經歷 || [[梁德忠|Tank]] <!--短片Atro--> |- | 136|| 4月24號 || 友台導演之靈異經歷 || Fred <!--短片Anderson--> |- | 137 || 5月1號||前導遊之靈異經歷|| Nigel <!--短片Jean--> |- |138||5月8號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Anderson--> |- |139||5月15號||寵物護士之靈異經歷|| Camila <!--短片Atro--> |- |140||5月22號||另類導遊之靈異經歷|| 阿軒 <!--短片Jean--> |- |141||5月29號||前懲教署職員之靈異經歷|| 陳Sir <!--短片Anderson--> |- |142||6月5號||前電台DJ之靈異經歷|| Garry <!--短片Jean--> |- |143||6月12號||前戲院職員之靈異經歷|| Anthea <!--短片Anderson--> |- |144||6月19號||藝人之靈異經歷|| Naomi <!--短片Jean--> |- |145||6月26號||娛樂編輯之靈異經歷|| 阿威 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |146||7月3號||歌唱老師之靈異經歷|| Josie <!--短片Jean--> |- |147||7月10號||殯儀從業員之靈異經歷|| [[薛國斌]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |148||7月17號||動作演員之靈異經歷|| September十仔 <!--短片Jean--> |- |149||7月24號||髮型師之靈異經歷||Fukey <!--短片Atro--> |- |150||7月31號||卓飛之靈異經歷||[[卓飛]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |151||8月7號||美容師之靈異經歷|| Fendi <!--短片Anderson--> |- |152||8月14號||劇場職員之靈異經歷|| Koko <!--短片Jean--> |- |153||8月21號||精神科醫生之靈異經歷|| 麥棨諾 <!--短片Jean--> |- |154||8月28號||粵劇演員之靈異經歷|| [[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |155||9月4號||的士司機之靈異經歷|| Jacky <!--短片Jean--> |- |156||9月11號||主題公園員工之靈異經歷|| Jennifer <!--短片Anderson--> |- |157||9月18號||高靈朋友之靈異經歷|| Jessie <!--短片Jean--> |- |158||9月25號||預告死亡|| Karmon <!--短片Anderson--> |- |159||10月2號||雙龍出海KB和火火之靈異經歷||[[李健宏|KB]]、[[火火]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |160||10月9號||荒廢樂園靈探片段|| Carolyn <!--短片Anderson--> |- |161||10月16號||導遊帶團之靈異經歷|| Mark <!--短片Jean--> |- |162||10月23號||法科師傅之靈異經歷||劉定立 <!--短片Anderson--> |- |163||10月30號||歌手之靈異經歷||[[徐加晴]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |164||11月6號||心理治療師之靈異經歷|| [[黃沁而]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |165||11月13號||藝人在外地遇到的靈異經歷||[[楊仲恩]] <!--短片Jean--> |- |166||11月20號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[譚凱倫]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |167||11月27號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Irene <!--短片Jean--> |- |168||12月4號||粵劇藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |169||12月11號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[吳麗珠]]<!--短片Jean--> |- |170||12月18號||網絡紅人的靈異經歷||Sunny、[[易健兒|Creamy]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |171||12月25號||藝人小肥遇到的靈異經歷||[[小肥]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2021年 |- |172||1月1號 ||七仙羽師傅分享靈異經歷|| [[七仙羽]] <!--短片Anderson--> |- |173||1月8號||高靈人士外地遇到的靈異經歷||Ruby |- |174||1月15號||rowspan=2|釣魚發燒友分享靈異經歷||rowspan=2|米高<!--短片Anderson--> |- |175||1月22號 |- |176||1月29號||資深經理人分享靈異經歷||簡銘進<!--短片Anderson--> |- |177||2月5號||MIRROR 分享靈異經歷||[[邱士縉|Stanley]]、[[王智德|Alton]]、[[陳瑞輝|Frankie]] |- |178||2月12號||黃夏蕙分享上頭注香趣事||[[黃夏蕙]] |- |179||2月19號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷||[[江卓泓]]<!--短片Anderson--> |- |180||2月26號||一對戀人分享靈異經歷||[[張紋嘉]]、[[林子傑]] |- |181||3月5號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Wing<!--短片Jean--> |- |182||3月12號||魔術師分享靈異經歷||Bronco |} ===第六季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest|如果主題已經清楚標明嘉賓嘅姓名，呢欄衹會標示演藝圈人物}}||'''分享靈異經歷觀眾''' |- ! colspan="5"| 2021年 |- |183||3月19號||高靈嘉賓分享靈異經歷||[[趙慧珊]]||子羽 |- |184||3月26號||藝人遇到的靈異經歷||[[李忠希]]||Eric |- |185||4月2號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||芷淳||[[張啟樂]] |- |186||4月9號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[李亦喬]]||Francis |- |187||4月16號||清潔公司負責人分享靈異經歷||阿樂||Kalie |- |188||4月23號||夢妮妲分享靈異經歷||夢妮妲||Zoe |- |189||4月30號||J.Arie 分享靈異經歷||[[雷深如]]||Serena |- |190||5月7號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||[[陳譽之]]||Kitman |- |191||5月14號||藝人分享靈異經歷||[[黎學勤]]||Cat |- |192||5月21號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||Tommy||李小姐 |- |193||5月28號||練美娟分享靈異經歷||[[練美娟]]||Christina |- |194||6月4號||黃劍文分享靈異經歷||[[黃劍文]]||李恆昌 |- |195||6月11號||P1X3L三子分享靈異經歷||[[P1X3L]]||阿德 |- |196||6月25號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||龍師傅||陳先生 |- |197||7月2號||湯駿業分享靈異經歷||[[湯駿業]]||Daphne |- |198||7月9號||One Promise 成員分享靈異經歷||[[One Promise]]||Kiki |- |199||7月16號||演員毛曄穎分享靈異經歷||[[毛曄穎]]||Carmen |- |200||7月23號||呂法傳師傅分享靈異經歷||[[呂法傳]]||Christina |- |201||8月13號||攝影師分享靈異經歷||Leo||阿霖 |- |202||8月20號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[歐國成|Travis]]||Yannie |- |203||8月27號||藝人野人分享靈異經歷||[[李怡 (林珊珊孻女)|野人]]||Yan |- |204||9月3號||造星III參賽者分享靈異經歷||[[方芷欣|方方]]||阿樂 |- |205||9月10號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||馮比比||Yannie |- |206||9月17號||風水師傅分享靈異經歷||[[謝柳汝|Tasha]]||[[陳漢詩]] |- |207||9月24號||嘉賓Pinky分享靈異經歷||Pinky||華華 |- |208||10月1號||造星III阿Bee分享靈異經歷||[[蘇家欣]]||肥啤 |- |209||10月8號||嘉賓Wenji分享靈異經歷||Wenji||Danny |- |210||10月15號||嘉賓肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]]||Trixie |- |211||10月22號||嘉賓御東昇分享靈異經歷||[[御東昇]]||Oscar |- |212||10月29號||泰國法科師傅分享靈異經歷||Tommy||Perry |- |213||11月5號||嘉賓阿富分享靈異經歷||阿富||Serena |- |214||11月12號||嘉賓Mike分享靈異經歷||Mike ||李悠 |- |215||11月19號||電台主持葉韻怡分享靈異經歷||[[葉韻怡]]||施先生 |- |216||11月26號||嘉賓泰師傅分享靈異經歷||泰師傅||車長 |- |217||12月3號||嘉賓Soyan分享靈異經歷||So Yan ||Kiki |- |218||12月10號||嘉賓蔡宛珊 Sarika 分享靈異經歷||[[蔡宛珊]]||九妹 |- |219||12月17號||嘉賓吳林峰分享靈異經歷||[[吳林峰]]||Peggy |- |220||12月24號||嘉賓阮德鏘分享靈異經歷||[[阮德鏘]]||{{N/A}} |- ! colspan="5"| 2022年 |- |221||1月7號||嘉賓小薯茄分享靈異經歷||[[蔡曉童]]、[[關浩傑]]、[[程仁富]]||Jojo |- |222||1月14號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷||阿O仔||Yannie |- |223||1月21號||歌手 Kiko 分享靈異經歷||[[唐浩嘉]]|| Tony |- |224||1月28號||嘉賓 Kiki 分享靈異經歷|| || 四家姐 |- |225||2月4號||總有財神喺左近|| || |- |226||2月11號||嘉賓盤菜瑩子分享靈異經歷|| [[柯翠婷]] || Christina |- |227||2月18號||高靈人士分享靈異經歷|| Nike || 阿賢 |- |228||2月25號||高靈人士馮比比之靈異經歷|| || 蔡婷婷 |- |229||3月4號||Depp 師傅之靈異經歷|| || Mischelle |- |230||3月11號||泰國法科師傅介紹捨十面|| || |- |231||3月18號||高靈人士O仔分享靈異經歷|| || Lawrence |- |232||3月25號||孔師傅分享靈異經歷|| 孔麒淦 || 火姐 |- |233||4月1號||高靈人士阿橙分享靈異經歷|| || Ring |- |234||4月8號||李牧師分享驅鬼經歷|| 李錦彬 || Wing |- |235||4月15號||馬騮搣分享睇景撞鬼經過||[[袁詩向]]|| Marco |- |236||4月22號|| Emily 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2|岑樂怡因為拍攝其他節目，冇做主持。}} || || 小鬼 |- |237||4月29號||曹法華師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || || 岑樂怡{{noteTag|name=guest3|呢集係分享靈異經歷嘅觀眾}} |} ===第七季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2022年 |- |238||5月6號||王法鎧師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |239||5月13號||塔羅師 Jay 分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |240||5月20號||Depp 師傅分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- |241||5月27號||Cindy 師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |242||6月3號||高靈人士阿勳分享靈異經歷|| |- |243||6月10號||高靈人士 Sam 分享鬼屋驚魂|| |- |244||6月17號||胡法揚師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |245||6月24號||吳奇雲師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |246||7月1號||高靈人士 In Lee 分享靈異經歷|| |- |247||7月8號||陳元溢師傅分享靈異個案||[[陳元溢]] |- |248||7月15號||李星熲分享靈異經歷|| [[李星熲]] |- |249||7月22號||羅雲龍師傅分享製作人員靈異個案|| |- |250||7月29號||法基師叔大談鬼月禁忌|| [[司徒法基]] |- |251||8月5號||冰姐分享靈異經歷 || [[鍾慧冰]] |- |252||8月12號||盧法鏗師傅分享鬼節注意事項 || |- |253||8月19號||泰師傅分享鬼月靈異經歷 || |- |254||8月26號||洪助昇分享靈異經歷 || [[洪助昇]] |- |255||9月2號||Jan Jan師傅分享靈異經歷 ||[[陳蔚菁|Jan Jan]] |- |256||9月9號||文師兄分享靈異個案 || |- |257||9月16號||谷旻分享靈異經歷 || [[谷旻]] |- |258||9月23號||艾妮分享靈異經歷 || [[艾妮]] |- |259||9月30號||蘇煒喬分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇煒喬]] |- | 260 || 10月7號 || 林法燊師傅分享靈異個案{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || |- | 261 || 10月14號 || 林雅詩分享靈異經歷 || [[林雅詩]] |- | 262 || 10月21號 || 高靈人士 Jackie 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 263 || 10月28號 || 蔡頌思分享靈異經歷{{noteTag|name=guest2}} || [[蔡頌思]] |- | 264 || 11月4號 || 黃法乾師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 265 || 11月11號 || 蘇麗珊分享靈異經歷 || [[蘇麗珊]] |- | 266 || 11月18號 || 阿 Lu 分享靈異經歷 || [[何嘉露]] |- | 267 || 12月2號 || 馬法彤師傅踢爆神棍詐騙手法 || |- | 268 || 12月16號 || 楊梓菁分享靈異經歷 || [[楊梓菁]] |- | 269 || 12月23號 || 謝柳汝師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 270 || 12月30號 || 胡凱澄分享靈異經歷 || [[胡凱澄]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2023年 |- | 271 || 1月6號 || 林靜莉分享靈異經歷 || [[林靜莉]] |- | 272 || 1月13號 || 高靈人士 Violet 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 273 || 1月20號 || 何天嵐分享靈異經歷 ||[[何天嵐]] |- | 274 || 1月27號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (I) || |- | 275 || 2月3號 || 鄺紫東師傅兔年運程預測 (II) || |- | 276 || 2月10號 || 女巫慧慧分享靈異個案 || |- | 277 || 2月17號 || 通靈人黃沁而分享靈異個案 || |- | 278 || 2月24號 || 高靈人士Billy分享靈異經歷 || |- | 279 || 3月3號 || Angela及Sally分享靈異經歷 || |- | 280 || 3月10號 || 高靈人士Jackie分享靈異個案 || |- | 281 || 3月17號 || 高靈人士 Elvis 分享靈異經歷 || |- | 282 || 3月24號 || 南師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 283 || 3月31號 || 恆仔@ToNick 分享靈異經歷 || [[趙善恆]] |- | 284 || 4月7號 || 龔柯允分享靈異經歷 || [[龔柯允]] |- | 285 || 4月14號 || 暗網仔分享靈異經歷|| |- | 286 || 4月21號 || KK 師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- | 287 || 4月28號 || 巫師 Lucas分享靈異經歷||[[李進偉]] |- | 288 || 5月5號 || 高靈人士曾文健分享靈異經歷|| |- | 289 || 5月12號 || 鍾慧冰分享靈異經歷||[[鍾慧冰]] |- | 290 || 5月19號 || 安俊豪分享靈異經歷||[[安俊豪]] |- | 291 || 5月26號 || J師傅分享靈異個案|| |- | 292 || 6月2號 || 姜文杰分享靈異經歷||[[姜文杰]] |- | 293 || 6月9號 || 高靈人士 Sammul 分享靈異經歷 |- | 294 || 6月16號 || 鄧禮迪分享靈異經歷||[[鄧禮迪]] |- | 295 || 6月23號 || 黃諱岐師傅分享靈異個案 |- | 296 || 6月30號 || 高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷 |- | 297 || 7月7號 || 譚杏藍分享靈異經歷 ||[[譚杏藍]] |- | 298 || 7月14號 || 林定康師傅分享靈異個案 || |- | 299 || 7月21號 || 193 與 Ash 分享靈異經歷 ||[[郭嘉駿]]、[[鍾卓穎]] |- | 300 || 7月28號 || 親身到訪猛鬼宿舍探靈 || |- | 301 || 8月4號 || 歌手符家浚分享靈異經歷 || [[符家浚]] |- | 302 || 8月11號 || 智澄師傅分享靈異經歷 || |- | 303 || 8月18號 || 戚法誠師傅分享鬼月禁忌 || |- | 304 ||8月25號||高靈人士異狼蜃分享靈異經歷|| |- | 305 || 9月1號 ||靈異作家馬菲分享靈異經歷|| |- | 306 ||9月8號||潘法剛師傅分享鬼門關個案|| |- |307||9月15號||靈性治療師Amanda分享靈異經歷|| |- |308||9月22號||羅允芝分享靈異經歷||[[羅允芝]] |- |309||9月29號||馮法韜師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |310||10月6號||音樂人彭嘉維分享靈異經歷|| |- |311||10月13號||仙玉道士分享靈異個案|| |- |312||10月20號||古庄辰師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |313||10月27號||辰穆師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |314||11月3號||馬修分享靈異經歷|| |- |315||11月10號||Annie、Daisy、Jonathan分享靈異經歷|| |- |316||11月17號||網台主持Chris分享靈異經歷|| |- |317||11月24號||阿O分享靈異經歷|| |- |318||12月1號||李法乾師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |319||12月8號||音樂人Melody分享靈異經歷|| |- |320||12月15號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |321||12月22號||結他手Will分享靈異經歷|| |- |322||12月29號||鬼強師姐分享靈異經歷|| |- ! colspan="4"| 2024年 |- |323||1月5號||觀眾Yui分享靈異經歷|| |- |324||1月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |325||1月19號||阿旦鄧洢玲分享靈異經歷||[[鄧洢玲]] |- |326||1月26號||碧霞老師分享靈異經歷及個案||[[唐碧霞]] |- |327||2月2號||鄧月平分享靈異經歷||[[鄧月平]] |- |328||2月9號||Key師傅預測龍年運程|| |- |329||2月16號||占星師阿炭講解2024年星相|| |- |330||2月23號||肥豐分享靈異經歷||[[劉兆豐]] |- |331||3月1號||女巫海諾分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |332||3月8號||觀眾大寶、細寶分享靈異經歷|| |- |333||3月15號||高靈人士Sami分享靈異經歷|| |- |334||3月22號||夢妮妲分享靈異個案|| |- |335||3月29號||觀眾Carrie分享靈異經歷|| |- |336||4月5號||的士司機Jacky分享靈異經歷|| |- |337||4月12號||米露迪分享靈異經歷||[[米露迪]] |- |338||4月19號||胡凱澄Ame分享靈異經歷||[[胡凱澄]] |- |339||4月26號||龍躍天師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |340||5月3號||恐怖插畫家Casper分享靈異經歷|| |- |341||5月10號||羅雲龍師傅分享靈異個案||羅雲龍師傅 |- |342||5月17號||高靈人士TT分享靈異經歷|| |- |343||5月24號||通靈人士Cleo分享靈異經歷|| |- |344||5月31號||舞台劇演員Alex分享靈異經歷|| |- |345||6月7號||塔羅師Amy分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |346||6月14號||Ah Gi 分享靈異經歷||[[樊沛珈]] |- |347||6月28號||塔羅師 Gladys 分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |348||7月5號||朱天Justin分享靈異經歷||[[朱天]] |- |349||7月12號||CaCa師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |350||7月19號||護士Alina分享靈異經歷|| |- |351||7月26號||混血兒Pamela分享靈異經歷||[[鄧祖欣]] |- |352||8月16號||呂法傳師傅分享鬼月禁忌|| |- |353||8月23號||藝人宋婭彤分享靈異經歷||[[宋婭彤]] |- |354||8月30號||文師兄分享鬼月靈異個案|| |- |355||9月6號||藝人鍾菀菱分享靈異經歷||[[鍾菀菱]] |- |356||9月13號||法基師叔分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |357||9月20號||風水師黃晉分享靈異經歷|| |- |358||9月27號||藝人馮素波分享靈異經歷||[[馮素波]] |- |359||10月4號||心靈治癒師Hannah分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |360||10月11號||自由工作者Ewen分享靈異經歷|| |- |361||10月18號||張法坤師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |362||10月25號||催眠治療師Tim Sir分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |363||11月1號||樂隊成員樂兒分享靈異經歷||[[廖樂兒]] |- |364||11月8號||Ivan和Stone分享靈異經歷||[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Ivan]]、[[Boyscation Too#參加者|Stone]] |- |365||11月15號||印度女模Anchal分享靈異經歷|| |- |366||11月22號||全民造星ll 季軍Oscar Li分享靈異經歷||[[李禹燊]] |- |367||11月29號||Trazy師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |368||12月6號||靈媒Severis 分享靈異經歷|| |- |369||12月13號||香港漫畫家Summer分享靈異經歷|| |- |370||12月20號||音樂監製段深瀚分享靈異經歷|| |- |371||12月27號||40路參賽者Belle分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|曾凱霖]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |372||1月3號||大祭司Varuni分享靈異個案|| |- |373||1月10號||歌手張光宇分享靈異經歷||[[張光宇]] |- |374||1月17號||孟加拉裔女生Barbie分享靈異經歷|| |- |375||1月24號||藝人韋湛櫸分享靈異經歷||[[韋湛櫸]] |- |376||1月31號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 生肖篇|| |- |377||2月7號||碧霞老師蛇年運程預測 - 風水佈局篇|| |- |378||2月14號||強尼、Kathy仔分享靈異經歷||[[強尼]]、[[王頌茵]] |- |379||2月21號||泰國製片Aimee分享靈異經歷|| |- |380||2月28號||鬼故作家馮比比分享靈異個案|| |- |381||3月7號||嘉寶師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |382||3月14號||足球教練姨丈分享靈異經歷||[[叢培銘]] |- |383||3月21號||演員Giselle分享靈異經歷||[[林慧倩]] |- |384||3月28號||網台主持藍秀朗分享靈異個案|| |- |385||4月4號||Jacky師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |386||4月11號||E.X分享靈異經歷|| |- |387||4月18號||李紹忠師傅分享靈異個案|| |- |388||4月25號||莊韻澄分享靈異經歷||[[莊韻澄]] |- |389||5月2號||藝人方俊分享靈異經歷||[[方俊]] |- |390||5月9號||杜杜分享靈異經歷|| |- |391||5月16號||Kit分享靈異經歷|| |- |392||5月23號||黃師傅分享靈異個案|| |} ===第八季=== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:480px" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white; text-align:center" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓'''{{noteTag|name=guest}} |- ! colspan="4"| 2025年 |- |393||5月30號||佛堂堂主Celia分享奇幻經歷|| |- |394||6月6號||通靈占卜師Tiffany分享靈異經歷|| |- |395||6月13號||前空姐Barbie分享靈異經歷||[[美麗40路#參賽者|陳懿汶]] |- |396||6月20號||女巫Soma分享靈異經歷|| |- |397||6月27號||棟篤笑演員大咪分享靈異事件|| |- |398||7月11號||高靈人士紅萬兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |399||7月18號||演員鄭昕彤分享靈異經歷||[[鄭昕彤]] |- |400||7月25號||親身到訪廢棄學校試玩招靈遊戲||[[司徒法基]] |- |401||8月1號||健身教練Ocean分享靈異經歷|| |- |402||8月8號||高靈人士水草分享靈異經歷|| |- |403||8月15號||林定康師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |404||8月22號||靈探KOL AP分享靈異經歷|| |- |405||8月29號||雲楚笙師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |406||9月5號||禮儀策劃師Ben sir分享靈異經歷|| |- |407||9月12號||演員阿Mei分享靈異經歷|| |- |408||9月19號||玄曦師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |409||9月26號||刮痧師傅小雪分享靈異經歷|| |- |410||10月3號||護士學生Deer分享靈異經歷|| |- |411||10月10號||孫慧雪分享靈異經歷||[[孫慧雪]] |- |412||10月17號||導遊Mark師兄分享靈異經歷|| |- |413||10月24號||殯儀師Bowie分享靈異經歷|| |- |414||10月31號||徐頴堃分享靈異經歷||[[徐頴堃]] |- |415||11月7號||山信師傅分享靈異經歷|| |- |416||11月21號||端木師傅分享靈異經歷及個案|| |- |417||12月12號||衛詩雅分享靈異經歷||[[衛詩雅]] |- |418||12月19號||觀眾Karen分享靈異經歷|| |- |419||12月26號||修行人許芯悅分享靈異經歷||[[許芯悅]] |- ! colspan="4"| 2026年 |- |420||1月2號||歌手Hysan分享靈異經歷||[[Young Hysan]] |- |421||1月9號||地產經紀Violet分享靈異經歷|| |- |422||1月16號||荃灣區猛鬼酒店|| |- |423||1月23號||黃大仙區神明離位傳聞|| |- |424||1月30號||九龍城區電台鬼故||{{tsl|zh|黃冠斌}} |- |425||2月6號||大埔區新娘潭死亡之灣|| |- |426||2月13號||中西區忠靈塔軍刀出土|| |- |427||2月20號||龍躍天師傅馬年運程預測|| |- |428||2月27號||東區筲箕灣山精傳說|| |- |429||3月6號||離島區自殺勝地|| |- |430||3月13號||深水埗區倫常命案|| |- |431||3月20號||屯門區屋邨與墳共存||[[唐碧霞]] |- |432||3月27號||南區集體目擊UFO事件|| |- |433||4月3號||沙田區城門河女鬼傳聞|| |- |434||4月10號||觀塘區秀茂坪山泥傾瀉|| |- |435||4月17號||葵青區孤獨死悲劇|| |- |436||4月24號||油尖旺區肢解命案|| |- |437||5月1號||灣仔區無主孤魂牌位|| |- |438||5月8號||元朗區五鬼邪術凶屋|| |- |439||5月15號||黃大仙區屋邨空中飛人事件|| |- |440||5月22號||西貢區片場鬼故||[[黃澤鋒]] |- |441||5月29號||北區廢墟靈探|| |- |442||6月5號||土瓜灣靈異傳聞|| |} ==節目調動== *2018年7月6號：由於直播[[2018年FIFA世界盃]]8強賽，所以停播一次。 *2018年12月14號：由於直播《2018 MAMA亞洲音樂大獎-香港站》，所以停播一次。 *2019年1月11號：由於《[[人住公屋 我住公屋]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年3月15號：由於《[[初戀還未來？]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2019年7月12號：由於《[[厲害了！蘇哥兒]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以停播一次。 *2020年2月28號：由於《[[性敢中環]]》第12集加長到21:30-22:15播，《[[向西聞記]]》、《[[辣伙頭]]》及《[[究竟食咗乜]]》順延播出，所以褪到23:45-00:15播。 *2020年5月22號：由於20:40-21:10直播政府記者會，連帶嗰晚剩低節目都褪半個鐘播，所以褪到第二日00:00-00:30播。 *2021年1月1號：由於19:00-23:40轉播《[[2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮得獎名單|2020年度叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，嗰日《[[Now新聞報道|7點新聞報道]]》暫停播映，改為23:40-00:10播出一節《[[Now深宵新聞|深宵報道]]》，所以褪到第二日00:10-00:40播。 *2021年3月19號：由於20:30-23:00播劇集《[[教場]]》，之後嘅節目要順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2021年6月18號：由於23:30-02:15直播《[[2020年歐洲國家盃|歐洲國家盃 2020]] - 克羅地亞 對 捷克》，所以停播一次。 *2021年7月23號：由於《[[奧運有團伙|奧運有得揀]]》（2020東京奧運開幕典禮）直播超時，之後嘅節目臨時順延播出，所以臨時順延到深夜00:30-01:00播。 *2021年7月30號、8月6號，由於播《奧運有團伙 精彩一夜》，所以停播一次。 *2021年12月31號：由於22:00-00:30直播《香港跨年倒數演唱會》，所以停播一次。 *2022年11月25號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》荷蘭對厄瓜多爾，所以停播一次。 *2022年12月9號：由於播《FIFA世界盃2022》半準決賽 - 克羅地亞 對 巴西，所以停播一次。 *2024年4月12號：由於《[[瑪嘉烈與大衛系列 絲絲]]》加長到21:30-23:00播，《[[姑媽突變神隱少女]]》同《[[女主播向世界揾食]]》順延播出，所以順延到00:00-00:30播。 *2024年6月21號：由於23:30-23:55重播《[[歐洲國家盃]]2024賽日精華》第7集，所以停播一次。 *2024年8月2號同9號：由於原時段直播《[[2024年夏季奧林匹克運動會|巴黎奧運爭勝一夜]]》，所以停播一次。 *2024年10月11號：由於《[[十七年命運週期]]》加長到21:30-22:45播，《[[Boyscation Too]]》同《[[高質旅行包膠]]》順延播出，所以順延到23:45-00:10播。 *2024年11月1號：由於《[[Boyscation Too]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[狗仔隊亂入Seoul]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2024年12月13號：由於《[[ERROR 死腳膠千萬巨蛋自作夢]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，《[[台灣都市傳說]]》順延播出，所以順延到深夜00:00-00:30播。 *2025年5月30號：由於19:30-22:15直播《凝皓教育挑戰盃 - 中國香港 對 曼聯》，《[[光明大押]]》順延播出，呢個節目原定順延到23:15-23:45播出，但由於直播超時到22:30完，所以再順延到23:30-00:00播出。 *2025年7月4號：由於23:00-23:55直播《[[晚吹]] - [[有得吹好吹]]》第3集，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月7號：由於《[[ROVER 綜藝咁樣樣]]》加長到22:30-23:30播，所以順延到23:35-00:00播。 *2025年11月14號：由於22:30-23:30播《[[中華人民共和國第十五屆運動會|十五運會勝利時刻]]》，所以停播一次。 *2025年11月21號：嗰晚提早到22:30-23:00播，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《[[社內相親 (ViuTV)|社內相親]]》第10集（23:05-00:00）。 *2025年11月28號：因應跟進[[宏福苑大火]]事故，嗰晚23:00-00:00改為插播《新聞報道》，所以停播一次。 *2025年12月5號：因應[[宏福苑大火]]事故後社會氣氛，嗰晚停播一次，原時段改為提早播映《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》（23:00-23:05）同重播《模範的士 2》第5集（23:05-00:00）。 *2026年4月24號：由於23:25-23:30播《[[製作中]]》第40集，第436集改喺23:00-23:25播。 *2026年6月12號：由於23:00-23:05同23:05-00:00分別播《[[3 分鐘熱度]]》<!--第1384集-->同《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 精彩60分鐘》<!--第1集-->，所以停播一次。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[http://viu.tv/encore/talker-one-beside-you-3 ViuTV：晚吹 - 總有一瓣喺左近] {{晚吹系列}} [[Category:2017年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2018年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2019年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2020年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2021年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2022年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:晚吹]] 3spdr6696gxj106o0b25htzsm1b19qe 0 169152 2416474 1118515 2026-06-05T08:03:26Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:178Belisana_(Lightcurve_Inversion).png | thumb | right | 模型]]'''小行星178'''（'''Belisana'''），係[[太陽系]][[小行星帶]]嘅一粒[[小行星]]，喺1877年11月6號發現。 [[Category:小行星]] {{Asteroid-stub}} 1s38ohu49hixuuk8770of2wql8517hs 0 169837 2416286 1937728 2026-06-04T21:57:57Z 一室幽蘭 284725 2416286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 袁文傑 | 原名=袁盛傑 | 類型 = 男藝人 | 圖 =File:袁文傑.jpg ‎ | 圖說明 = | 羅馬拼音 = Yuen Man Kit | 英文名 = Andrew Yuen | 粵拼 = | 花名 = | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1969|1|28}} | 出生地點 = {{BHKG}} | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 永久居留權={{HKG}} | 籍貫 = | 配偶 = | 職業 = 藝人 | 語言 = 廣東話、英文、普通話 | 活躍年代 = 1990年到依家 | 教育程度 = | 經紀公司 = 無綫電視（1990年到1991年、2016年到依家）<br>亞洲電視（1995年到2012年） <!-- 身高 = {{convert|6|ft|2|in|cm}}--> | 簽名 = 袁文傑簽名.svg }} '''袁文傑'''（{{jpingauto|jyun4 man4 git6}}，{{lang-en|'''Andrew Yuen Man Kit'''}}，{{bd|1969年|1月28號||}}），真名'''袁盛傑'''，係[[香港]]男藝人。 袁文傑1990年出道，讀第四期[[無綫電視藝員訓練班]]，1991年轉行做[[模特兒]]，1995年加入[[亞洲電視]]，2012年走人，2016年做返[[無綫電視]]合約藝員。2017年佢憑演出《[[不懂撒嬌的女人]]》而走紅，觀眾都用佢喺劇入面嘅稱呼叫佢做「'''游生'''」。 ==演出== {{expand list}} === 電視劇（無綫電視） === *《[[不懂撒嬌的女人]]》飾演 游俊傑 *《[[愛·回家之開心速遞]]》飾演 潮偉 *《[[回歸 (電視劇)|回歸]]》飾演 投資者林生（特別演出，第13集） ===電視節目（無綫電視）=== *2017年：《[[最緊要好好玩 消暑版]]》演出 *2018年：《[[食得好健康]]》主持 ===電影=== *2017年：《[[愛情奴隸獸]]》 *2018年：《[[逆向誘拐]]》（片尾彩蛋） *2019年：《[[貓咪媽咪Home]]》（動畫電影配音） *2019年：《[[不義之戰]]》 飾 余Sir <!--==參考== {{Reflist}} --> == 出面網頁 == * {{Hkmdb name|64681}} * {{TVBartiste|yuenmankit}} * {{Sinaweibo|andrewyuen}} * {{Facebook|yuenmankitandrew}} * {{Facebook|real.sevatm}} * {{Instagram|yuen_man_kit}} [[Category:香港男模特兒]] [[Category:無綫電視男藝員]] [[Category:前亞洲電視男藝員]] [[Category:袁氏|文傑]] {{HK-enter-bio-stub}} hxym86hbevj1ap1lar8f018dkrr044w 0 170207 2416234 1405647 2026-06-04T12:22:05Z 姒姓賢寧 183506 2416234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|22|27|25|N|114|08|30|E|type:landmark|display=title}} [[File:HK LamTsuenTinHauTemple.JPG|thumb|林村天后廟]] '''天后廟'''，正名'''天后宮'''，別義稱'''林村天后廟'''，[[香港]][[天后廟]]之一，喺[[林村]][[放馬莆]]。[[大清]][[乾隆]]年間，一七三六年起廟，一九六七年重修，隨後一九七六年同一九九二年都有重修。 廟裏面掛鐘，鐘鑄喺乾隆三十六年，即一七七七年。廟裏面設鄧占一夫婦[[靈位]]，相傳起廟之初，經費唔夠，得本鄉[[鄧氏]]捐巨款，先至起成，特設靈位供奉。另供奉十二護鄉烈士靈位。[[秋分]]，鄉民往廟拜祭<ref name="history">{{引網|url=http://www.lamtsuen.com/lamtsuen/page1.html|title=林村歷史名勝|access-date=2017年9月8號|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203171946/http://www.lamtsuen.com/lamtsuen/page1.html|archive-date=2017年12月3號|url-status=dead}}</ref>。 天后宮佈局叫「五間二進」，由正門睇，橫向設有五間房，縱向由前到後有兩個瓦頂建築，兩進中間係庭院，正殿供奉[[天后]]同[[觀音]]，右側係[[文武廟]]，左側就係[[龍母]]殿<ref>{{引網|url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/special/art/20150707/19210454|title=【專題籽】林村最神聖地標天后宮|publisher=蘋果日報|date=2015-07-07|access-date=2017-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822003030/http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/special/art/20150707/19210454|archive-date=2015-08-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>。 天后廟外[[林村許願樹]]，新年期間甚多人。 ==註== {{reflist}} [[Category:林村]] [[類:香港天后廟]] [[Category:香港二級歷史建築]] ktsetuz8c0i7qycro5lxf53e1fgdaqq 0 174498 2416476 2082211 2026-06-05T08:05:07Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{足球員明細 |name=北脇健慈 |image= |fullname=北脇 健慈 |birth_date={{birth date and age|1991|9|15}} |birth_place={{JPN}}[[東京都]] |position=[[前鋒]] |currentclub=[[秋田藍閃電]] |clubnumber=18 |years1=2014-2016|clubs1=[[東京綠茵]]|caps1=19|goals1=2 |years2=2015|clubs2=→[[Suzuka Unlimited FC|FC Suzuka Rampole]]|caps2=5|goals2=3 |years3=2017-2018|clubs3=[[YSCC橫濱]]|caps3=47|goals3=9 |years4=2019-|clubs4=[[秋田藍閃電]]|caps4=10|goals4=1 }} [[File:Kenji_Kitawaki_Autograph.png | thumb | right | 簽名]] '''北脇健慈'''（{{生死|1991年|9月15號}}）係[[日本]][[足球員]]，司職[[前鋒]]，效力[[秋田藍閃電]]。 ==出面網頁== *{{J.League player}} {{日本足球員楔}} [[Category:日本足球員]] [[Category:東京綠茵球員]] [[Category:YSCC橫濱球員]] [[Category:秋田藍閃電球員]] 8kngtxrrooovvon7jqhb214xy16qj8h 0 176266 2416363 2053479 2026-06-05T02:23:50Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:22-Kāf.png | thumb | right | 字母圖]]<span style="font-size:200%;">{{lang|ar|'''ك'''}}</span> 係[[阿剌伯字母]]第22隻字母，個名叫'''kāf'''。 *單隻嗰陣寫做 <span style="font-size:200%;">{{lang|ar|'''ﻙ‎‎‎'''}}</span> *擺喺頭嗰陣寫做 <span style="font-size:200%;">{{lang|ar|'''ﻛ‎'''}}</span> *擺喺中間嗰陣寫做 <span style="font-size:200%;">{{lang|ar|'''ﻜ‎‎‎‎'''}}</span> *擺喺尾嗰陣寫做 <span style="font-size:200%;">{{lang|ar|'''ﻚ‎‎‎‎'''}}</span> [[Category:阿拉伯字母]] b2d3eg7gupgecfnzza9y11xyrnvwkpl 0 178035 2416433 2249959 2026-06-05T04:10:51Z HenryLi 14 修。通 2416433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} '''瞿藝'''（{{bd|1992年|11月9號}}）係中國[[音樂劇]][[演員]]。 == 生平 == 佢喺[[湖南]][[懷化市]]出世，細個受家中長輩影響，學[[戲曲]]、[[民族舞]]、[[拉丁舞]]、[[主持]]、[[表演]]，學過[[鋼琴]]，受過專業[[聲樂訓練]]，讀[[瀋陽音樂學院]]戲劇影視表演系，音樂劇專業畢業<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/196219584_272883|title=瞿艺专访：感谢提奥不计回报的付出成就今日的梵高|accessdate=2017-11-25|author=|date=2017-10-04|work=www.sohu.com|publisher=}}</ref>。 音樂劇作品有香港導演[[鄧偉傑]]執導音樂劇《梵高》<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/201844109_119707|title=音乐剧《梵高》中文版下月献演大剧院|accessdate=2017-11-25|date=2017-11-02|work=www.sohu.com}}</ref>中文版、[[周杰倫]]同名電影改編音樂劇《不能說的秘密》<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/ygangtai/2017-08-29/doc-ifykiurx2652736.shtml|title=音乐剧《不能说的秘密》将重返北京 再唱响经典|accessdate=2017-11-25|work=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref>、律政系原創音樂劇《律詩－雷經天》<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://cnews.chinadaily.com.cn/2016-05/16/content_25308253.htm|title=多维度舞台设计 律政音乐剧视听双震撼 - 中国日报网|accessdate=2017-11-25|last=冯涛|work=cnews.chinadaily.com.cn|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://enjoy.eastday.com/e/20161108/u1ai9941316.html|title=上海文化广场2017展演季剧目揭晓 9日开票价格亲民-音乐剧,中国,展演,雷经天,上海,紫石街,剧目,周杰伦,音乐人,百老汇,-东方娱乐-东方网|accessdate=2017-11-25|last=刘辉|work=enjoy.eastday.com|url-status=dead}}</ref>、原創音樂劇《因味愛，所以愛》（小劇場）同《音樂廚男秀》<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://sh.qq.com/a/20161025/026120.htm|title=边吃边看的音乐剧《音乐厨男秀》_大申网_腾讯网|accessdate=2017-11-25|work=sh.qq.com|language=zh-CN|url-status=dead}}</ref>、校園音樂劇《交換生》<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sohu.com/a/108022977_430552|title=傅国华建筑师系列作品 音乐剧《交换生》8月开演|accessdate=2017-11-25|date=2016-07-28|work=www.sohu.com|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://tv.sohu.com/20160806/n462891527.shtml|title=音乐剧《交换生》 - 搜狐视频|accessdate=2017-11-25|author=|date=|work=搜狐视频|publisher=}}</ref>同音樂劇《癮藏者》<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/j/operamusical/2016-06-27/doc-ifxtmwei9310869.shtml|title=音乐剧《瘾藏者》首演 直面新型毒品危机|accessdate=2017-11-25|work=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref>。 == 音樂劇作品 == {| class="wikitable" !音樂劇作品名 !飾演角色 !演出地點 !演出時間及場次 |- |《癮藏者》 |群舞 |上海人民大舞台 |2016.06.24-2016.06.26 |- |《因味愛，所以愛》&《音樂廚男秀》 |劉焱 |上海音樂劇主題餐廳 |2016 -2017（150場） |- |《交換生》 |Simon |上海文化廣場 |2016.08.09-2016.08.15 |- | rowspan="2" |《律詩－雷經天》 | rowspan="2" |王一帆/李興國 |上海ET聚場 |2016.05.19-2016.05.22 |- |上海文化廣場 |2017.03.18-2017.03.19 |- |《不能說的秘密》 |宇豪（鋼琴王子） |全國巡演 |2017（39場） |- | rowspan="2" |《梵高》中文版 | rowspan="2" |提奧·梵高/梵高父親/安東/高更 |上海ET聚場 |2017.09.30-2017.10.08（一輪） |- |上海大劇院 |2017.12.08-2017.12.17 （二輪） |} == 音樂作品 == * 歌曲《千刀萬剮的愛》，《梵高》音樂劇插曲，合作者：冒海飛，2017 * 歌曲《To.Vincent van Gogh》，《梵高》音樂劇插曲，2017 * 歌曲《畫出寫實人生》，《梵高》音樂劇插曲，合作者：冒海飛，2017 == 參加節目 == * 上海交通台 FM 105.7， 《藝點欣飛揚》20160930期 ，《今天來唱歌，快樂在藝起》<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.ajmide.com/wx/#/forum/audio/history/15868305.htm?type=7&tid=6080408|title=阿基米德FM，上海交通台 FM 105.7，《艺点欣飞扬》20160930期 ，《今天来唱歌，快乐在艺起》|accessdate=2017-11-25|author=|date=|work=m.ajmide.com|publisher=}}</ref> * 上海交通台 FM 105.7 ，《藝點欣飛揚》20170920期， 《音樂美好，梵高來了》<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.ajmide.com/wx/#/forum/audio/history/22396240.htm?type=7&tid=12166619|title=阿基米德FM，上海交通台 FM 105.7 ，《艺点欣飞扬》20170920期， 《音乐美好，梵高来了》|accessdate=2017-11-25|author=|date=|work=m.ajmide.com|publisher=}}</ref> == 攷 == <references /> == 出面網頁 == * [https://weibo.com/u/6073590463?refer_flag=1001030102_ 瞿藝]嘅新浪微博 * [http://www.xiami.com/artist/yiuxy6d5b87?spm=a1z1s.3521865.226668882.2.kSxxQF 瞿藝]嘅蝦米音樂主頁 [[類:中國音樂劇演員]] 4ls4tvk7pz5wjzgs2fnh5lx78blmebv 0 179204 2416428 1152396 2026-06-05T03:57:05Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xie_of_Shang.png | thumb | right | 繪]]'''契'''係[[中國傳疑時代]]其中一位歷史人物，係[[帝嚳]]個仔，[[殷商]]開國君主[[商湯]]個祖宗。 {{史楔}} [[Category:商朝君主]] 0hrrwuc5lanszwh6tp1x2rje8q2d4m1 0 183901 2416378 1644676 2026-06-05T02:33:41Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LPRP_logo_red.png | thumb | right | 標誌]]'''老撾人民革命黨'''，簡稱'''老撾人革黨'''，係[[社會主義]]國家[[老撾]]唯一嘅執政黨，[[1955年]]成立。 [[Category:老撾]] jc896oqhfeyp1ut5e8whbaqjy7tpt0s 0 188019 2416384 1636577 2026-06-05T02:39:06Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2008TaipeiGameShow_Day2_IGS_Star31Online_Guests.jpg | thumb | right | 展]]《'''明星三缺一'''》係一隻[[蔴雀]][[電腦遊戲]]，[[臺灣]][[鈊象電子]]（IGS）開發嘅，以㜺鬼抵死嘅動畫出名，喺兩岸三地幾受歡迎。遊戲包含好多個遊戲角色，都係[[卡通]]版嘅[[唐人]][[藝人]]。有得打十三章同十六章蔴雀。 == 出面網頁 == * [http://www.igs.com.tw/ 鈊象電子] * [http://www.gametower.com.tw/ Game 淘遊戲台灣官方網站] * [http://www.gametower.com.cn/ Game 淘遊戲中國官方網站] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126060443/http://www.gt365.com.cn/Introduction/Web3q1/index.aspx 新明星三缺一介紹] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5krmMrW8rI 明星三缺一影片] [[Category:Windows遊戲]] [[類:蔴雀遊戲]] [[類:電腦遊戲]] [[類:單機遊戲]] gmj940rslatizzh65vb2ycf0pe5a15b 0 189812 2416420 2068611 2026-06-05T03:51:52Z HenryLi 14 通 2416420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{大學明細 |image= |英文名=MTR Academy |開辦=2016年 |dean= 鄭惠貞 |網站={{URL|www.mtracademy.com}} }} '''港鐵學院'''（{{Lang-en|'''MTR Academy'''}}）係[[香港鐵路有限公司|港鐵公司]]轄下[[培訓機構]]，2016年11月10號正式開張<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.mtracademy.com/en/newsandevents/news_details_22.html|title=MTR Corporation Sets Up the MTR Academy (2016/05/13)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.mtracademy.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418195027/https://www.mtracademy.com/en/newsandevents/news_details_22.html|archive-date=2021-04-18|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.mtracademy.com/en/newsandevents/news_details_39.html|title=HKSAR Chief Executive Officially Opens MTR Academy (2016/11/10)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.mtracademy.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418195122/https://www.mtracademy.com/en/newsandevents/news_details_39.html|archive-date=2021-04-18|url-status=dead|access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref>。 == 攷 == {{Reflist}} == 睇埋 == * [[港鐵]] * [[香港鐵路有限公司]] == 出面網頁 == *{{官方網站|www.mtracademy.com}} [[Category:港鐵公司]] [[Category:香港學校]] [[Category:香港鐵路]] [[Category:香港鐵路公司]] {{HK-stub}} kz60lze0xtvcimdoqz02xymdttz7ei4 0 190216 2416345 2372398 2026-06-05T01:57:56Z HenryLi 14 修 2416345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Refimprove|time=2018-08-28T18:47:39+00:00}} '''信義宗書院'''係[[香港]][[私立學校|私立]][[大專院校]]，經已執咗笠。1978年成立，創校校監係[[丘恩處]]博士<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.ct.org.tw/1102499|title=港信義宗書院?行週年感恩|website=www.ct.org.tw|language=zh-TW|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=2020-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315220640/https://www.ct.org.tw/1102499|url-status=dead}}</ref>。1981年1月喺[[中華民國教育部]]立案<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/PageSystem/reportFileDownload/C09402750/001|title=香港校院訪視報告 民國九十三年五月二日至五日|date=|access-date=2018-08-28|website=|last=|first=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315220645/https://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/PageSystem/reportFileDownload/C09402750/001|archive-date=2020-03-15|authors=吳壽山, 李壬癸, 謝立銓, 馬湘萍|format=DOC|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=http://news.takungpao.com.hk/paper/q/2014/1111/2820669.html|title=從書院二字說起_大公資訊_大公網|website=news.takungpao.com.hk|language=zh-CN|access-date=2018-08-28|archive-date=2020-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315220650/http://www.takungpao.com.hk/paper/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>。 2004年5月之前，間學校喺台灣教育部撤銷立案停辦<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{引網|url=http://knoll-small-hill.blogspot.com/2014/08/blog-post.html|title=小丘記: 港澳地區私立大專院校|last=Unknown|date=2014-08-17|website=小丘記|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref>。 == 舊生 == * [[蔡楓華]] == 攷 == {{reflist}} [[category:香港信義宗]] {{HK-stub}} pyn851q0u2cuanlv0gjr1p26fy3afo9 0 191876 2416466 2373012 2026-06-05T05:44:33Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|type:adm3rd|display=title}} [[File:英吉沙街景_-_Streetview_of_Yengisar_County_-_2015.04_-_panoramio.jpg | thumb | right | 一景]] '''英吉沙'''（{{Lang-ug|{{Ug-textonly|{{Mousetext|يېڭىسار ناھىيىسى|Yengisar nah̡iyisi}}}}}}，{{lang-en|Yengisar}}）係[[新疆]][[喀什地區]]一個[[縣級|縣]]。縣城離喀什市區約62公里。 英吉沙東邊係[[莎車縣]]，南邊同西邊係[[阿克陶縣]]，北邊係[[疏勒縣]]。總面積3,425平方公里，下轄1鎮13鄉。總人口28.4萬人，包括[[維吾爾族|維吾爾]]、[[漢族|漢]]、[[回族|回]]、[[烏茲別克人|烏茲別克]]、[[吉爾吉斯人|吉爾吉斯]]、[[哈薩克人|哈薩克]]等民族。<ref>{{引網|url=http://www.yjs.gov.cn/index.aspx?lanmuid=40&sublanmuid=438|title=英吉沙概况|date=|website=www.yjs.gov.cn|publisher=英吉沙縣人民政府|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316045147/http://yjs.gov.cn/index.aspx?lanmuid=40&sublanmuid=438|archive-date=2016-03-16|access-date=2018-10-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>英吉沙縣係[[國家級貧困縣]]。 現任[[縣委書記]]係李東明，縣長係米日姑玉買爾。<ref>{{引網|url=http://www.yjs.gov.cn/index.aspx?lanmuid=40&sublanmuid=445|title=区划人口|date=|website=www.yjs.gov.cn|publisher=英吉沙縣人民政府|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111150304/http://yjs.gov.cn/index.aspx?lanmuid=40&sublanmuid=445|archive-date=2016-11-11|access-date=2018-10-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> == 睇埋 == * [[英吉沙戰役]] == 參考 == {{Reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * {{官網|www.yjs.gov.cn|英吉沙縣人民政府官方網站}} [[Category:喀什地區]] [[Category:新疆嘅縣]] {{中國地理楔}} gwchiscie36k3z1o4jrhgx1b5t86r9f 0 193253 2416370 1236819 2026-06-05T02:29:18Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416370 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ohhh,_Shockwave_(117804940).jpg | thumb | right | 協議]]'''終端使用者授權協定'''（{{lang-en|'''e'''nd-'''u'''ser '''l'''icense '''a'''greements}}，英文縮寫：'''{{lang|en|EULA}}'''）係指軟件開發者或者發行者授權用戶使用特定軟件產品時嘅規定，大多數[[私有軟件]]會有呢個協議，如果唔接受就冇得安装。不過[[自由軟件]]就比較少有呢個協議，例如[[GNU通用公共授權條款|GPL]]係一種授權協議，但唔限最終用戶。一個例外係[[Firefox]]有註冊商標，Mozilla基金會用咗呢個協議保護Firefox嘅商標。 一般情况下，一部預裝[[Microsoft Windows]]嘅電腦，開始用之前一定要接受EULA先可以啟用系统，根據Windows EULA嘅規定，用户可以選擇聯絡供應商商討退貨，用其他[[操作系統]]代替。 [[Category:版權]] 74pun0p6cg2tcqkkakb2gdunobjdeej 11 194442 2416504 1256059 2026-06-05T10:26:17Z Danny Benjafield (WMDE) 265031 /* Edit request: Update Template:Wikidata image to close null operation loop */ 新小節 2416504 wikitext text/x-wiki == 2018年revamp == 我取消咗3個追蹤類。我認為冇必要去對比本地同wikidata用嘅圖係一樣定唔同。本地有圖而wikidata冇嘅亦唔追蹤，因為好多係過身嘅人用緊non free圖。留低2個類，俾人追蹤本地未加圖嘅文，及本地同wikidata都冇圖嘅文。 請參考英文版，尤其是[[:en:Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2017_January_24#Template:Wikidata_image]]。--[[User:Roy17|Roy17]] ([[User talk:Roy17|傾偈]]) 2018年11月27號 (二) 15:22 (UTC) :唔該。我刪咗個舊類。[[User:Deryck Chan|翹仔]] ([[User talk:Deryck Chan|傾偈]]) 2019年1月9號 (三) 12:06 (UTC) == Edit request: Update Template:Wikidata_image to close null operation loop == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding this Template that is used in many pages. The template contains operations that have no output; despite having no result, the operation is still processed. As this Template is used on millions of pages across the Wikimedia Projects, this creates a significant but unnecessary additional load on Wikimedia servers: we would like to reduce this. '''// The change //''' Currently, the template performs a series of functions, some of which have no output (known as a null operation loop). These functions can be removed without changing or harming the template’s functionality. '''// What you need to do //''' Please update the local template code of Template:Wikidata_image with this version we have created, available here: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Template_Optimisation#Suggested_Change|Suggested edit for Template:Wikidata_image]], and it is also pasted below, for you convenience:<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> {{ #if:{{NAMESPACE}}|| {{ #if:{{{1|}}} | | {{ #if:{{{2|}}} | | {{ #if:{{#property:P18}} | [[Category:維基數據有相關嘅相而呢度未有]] | }} }} }} }}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> </syntaxhighlight>Let me know if you have any questions about this change or need assistance to make the edit. Thank you for your help! -- [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|傾偈]]) 2026年6月5號 (五) 10:26 (UTC) 4sj922ftbio9j7oa1y07iziekg9dgug 0 201112 2416288 2388795 2026-06-04T22:36:17Z ~2026-33316-09 338798 /* */ 2416288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person | name = 陳同佳 | gender = 男 | image = File:Chan Tong-kai.png | image_size = 220px | caption = 2019年10月23號陳同佳從[[壁屋懲教所]]刑滿出獄時嘅表情圖。 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|12|13|mf=yes}}<ref>{{引網 |url=https://image.stheadline.com/f/1500p0/0x0/100/hd/d1400abb3917480e87ba81c322913f34/stheadline/inewsmedia/20201015/_2020101509135157493.jpg |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024年11月9號 |archive-date=2024年11月9號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109053807/https://image.stheadline.com/f/1500p0/0x0/100/hd/d1400abb3917480e87ba81c322913f34/stheadline/inewsmedia/20201015/_2020101509135157493.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_place = {{CHN}}[[廣東省]][[深圳市]]<ref name="lmcjy">{{Cite news|url=https://www.mingpaocanada.com/tor/htm/News/20190413/HK-gaa1_r.htm|title=聞女友懷他人骨肉 激動勒頸 陳同佳認殺人 洗錢罪月底判|work=明報加東版|date=2019-04-13|accessdate=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718021456/https://www.mingpaocanada.com/tor/htm/News/20190413/HK-gaa1_r.htm|archive-date=2019-07-18}}</ref><ref name="apple01">{{Cite news|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20190413/20655260|title=港男認台北殺女友稱死者懷前度B 官：只能控洗黑錢令人感不公|work=[[蘋果日報 (香港)|蘋果日報]]|date=2019-04-13|access-date=2019-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413004644/https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20190413/20655260|archive-date=2019-04-13}}</ref> | nationality = {{HKG}} | occupation = | criminal_charge = 四項[[洗黑錢|處理犯罪得益罪]]（香港） <br> [[殺人罪]]（台灣） | penalty = 29個月（香港，當中已經羈押13月） | conviction _ status = 刑滿釋放（香港） <br> 通緝中（台灣） | 信仰 = 基督教 | 宗教信仰 = 基督教 }} {{冇分類}} '''陳同佳'''（{{lang-en|'''Chan Tong-Kai'''}}，{{bd|1998年|12月13號}}）原本只係鼻下多粒[[墨]]嘅普通[[中國大陸人]]。移居[[香港]]嘅佢因為係[[潘曉穎命案]]殺人疑犯，同香港[[洗黑錢]][[罪犯]]，又係「[[反送中]][[遠因]]之一」所以變「[[網紅]]」。 == 簡介 == 因涉疑殺害女友[[潘曉穎]]後，由[[台灣]]潛逃香港而轟動一時。由於案件發生喺台灣境內，加上[[海峽兩岸關係|兩岸之間]]因為政治原因無法進行司法互助，導致全案長期陷入膠著狀態，至今仍未受到法律制裁。甚至據報有段時間，陳同佳受到[[香港政府]]、[[香港警察]]保護，入住[[安全屋]]、免費[[上網]][[打機]]、免費[[飲食]]，出入受保護，常由[[管浩鳴]][[牧師]]陪同，費用香港[[納稅人]][[埋單]]。 香港[[保安局]]藉此案喺2019年2月提出修訂《[[逃犯條例]]》草案，最終成為[[反修例運動]]爆發嘅導火線。陳同佳出獄後一直居於[[油尖旺區]][[何文田]][[京士柏山]]安全屋，雖然亦曾經公開表示會赴台[[投案]]，但至今仍未實行。2018年12月3號，[[臺灣士林地方檢察署]]正式對陳同佳發布通緝，時效長達37年6個月<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20181203/bkn-20181203171513701-1203_00822_001.html |title=行李篋藏屍：台檢方今發通緝　促請港府助遣交疑犯 |publisher=東方日報 |date=2018年12月3號 |access-date=2020-12-17 |archive-date=2019-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101145227/https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20181203/bkn-20181203171513701-1203_00822_001.html }}</ref> 喺2021年10月，其[[監護人]]管浩鳴透露陳同佳已經離開安全屋並轉至深山寓所隱居<ref>{{cite news|author1=陳嘉洛|url=https://www.hk01.com/政情/688379|work=香港01|title=陳同佳案｜管浩鳴證實陳同佳已離安全屋　仍在香港：自首意願不變|date=2021-10-13|access-date=2023-04-15}}</ref>。 ==刑事狀況== 由於陳同佳在案發後畏罪潛逃，故此被[[中華民國內政部]]發布[[通緝令]]通緝，導致陳氏已經錯失在臺灣[[自首]]的機會。一旦陳同佳再次入境臺灣，只會被[[內政部警政署]]拘捕或投案後被捕。 內政部在2019年10月23號早上澄清台灣從未限制陳同佳入境，只是拒絕其辦理[[電子簽證]]<ref name="msn-2019-10-23">{{cite news |title=徐國勇：未限制陳同佳入境 僅禁止申請電子簽證 |url=https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/news/world/%E5%BE%90%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%87%E6%9C%AA%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E9%99%B3%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%B3%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83-%E5%83%85%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E7%94%B3%E8%AB%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E7%B0%BD%E8%AD%89/ar-AAJcRoq |accessdate=2019-10-23 |work=中央通訊社 |date=2019-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023053632/https://www.msn.com/zh-tw/news/world/%25E5%25BE%2590%25E5%259C%258B%25E5%258B%2587%25E6%259C%25AA%25E9%2599%2590%25E5%2588%25B6%25E9%2599%25B3%25E5%2590%258C%25E4%25BD%25B3%25E5%2585%25A5%25E5%25A2%2583-%25E5%2583%2585%25E7%25A6%2581%25E6%25AD%25A2%25E7%2594%25B3%25E8%25AB%258B%25E9%259B%25BB%25E5%25AD%2590%25E7%25B0%25BD%25E8%25AD%2589/ar-AAJcRoq |archive-date=2019-10-23 }}</ref>。 [[中華民國總統]][[蔡英文]]喺10月23號朝早表示陳同佳案只有「逮捕」冇「自首」<ref name="newtalk-2019-10-23">{{cite news |title=陳同佳赴台自首？蔡英文：只有逮捕、沒有自首 |url=https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-10-23/315634 |accessdate=2019-10-23 |work=新頭殼新聞 |date=2019-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041559/https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-10-23/315634 |archive-date=2019-10-23 }}</ref>，又稱台方已經講過好多次，案件嘅加害人同受害人均為香港居民，中華民國政府亦已經一再強調唔會放棄管轄權，但既然港府唔願行使管轄權為受害香港人伸張正義，噉就由台灣處理，並要求港府唔好迴避台灣政府就本案要求提供司法協助嘅事實<ref name="stn-2019-10-23">{{cite news |title=蔡英文稱陳同佳案只有逮捕沒有自首 指若港府迴避「由台灣處理」 |url=http://std.stheadline.com/instant/articles/detail/1119770/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%A8%B1%E9%99%B3%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%B3%E6%A1%88%E5%8F%AA%E6%9C%89%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E8%87%AA%E9%A6%96-%E6%8C%87%E8%8B%A5%E6%B8%AF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BF%B4%E9%81%BF-%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%99%95%E7%90%86 |accessdate=2019-10-23 |work=星島日報 |date=2019-10-23 |archive-date=2019-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108051103/http://std.stheadline.com/instant/articles/detail/1119770/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF-%E8%94%A1%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%A8%B1%E9%99%B3%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%B3%E6%A1%88%E5%8F%AA%E6%9C%89%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E8%87%AA%E9%A6%96-%E6%8C%87%E8%8B%A5%E6%B8%AF%E5%BA%9C%E8%BF%B4%E9%81%BF-%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%99%95%E7%90%86 }}</ref>。陸委會亦指根據台灣法律，嫌犯被通緝後便唔符合「自首」條件，期望港府熟讀並尊重台灣嘅法律同制度<ref name="hk01-2019-10-23a">{{cite news |title=石棺藏屍案先例　疑犯「移交」返港　兩地警隨行 |url=http://www.hk01.com/%E7%AA%81%E7%99%BC/389413/ |accessdate=2019-10-23 |work=香港01 |date=2019-10-23 }}</ref>。 2023年2月20號，台灣相隔3年再度向香港開關，管浩鳴此時表示陳同佳赴台自首問題唔係台灣係咪開關，而係死結喺台灣唔批准佢入境，認為陳同佳願意亦唔可以前往，重申陳同佳自首意願一直冇變<ref>{{引網|url=https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E4%BA%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%B7%9D%E4%BB%8A%E8%BF%915%E5%B9%B4-%E7%AE%A1%E6%B5%A9%E9%B3%B4%E6%8C%87%E9%99%B3%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%B3%E6%9C%AA%E8%87%AA%E9%A6%96-%E6%AD%BB%E7%B5%90%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%85%A5%E5%A2%83-074526713.html|title=事發距今近5年 管浩鳴指陳同佳未自首 死結在台灣不批入境|date=2023-02-14|website=Yahoo News|language=zh-Hant-HK|access-date=2024-12-25}}</ref>。 2024年，中華民國陸委會再表示台灣一貫態度，呢個案重點係兩岸之間公權力行使，唔在於簽證，希望香港唔再拒絕台灣嘅司法互助請求，例如派員嚟港接收陳<ref>{{引網|url=https://udn.com/news/story/7331/8449293|title=港議員管浩鳴嘆：讓陳同佳赴台受審 竟比勸其自首還難|last=聯合新聞網|website=聯合新聞網|language=zh-Hant-TW|access-date=2024-12-25}}</ref>。 ==攷== {{reflist}} cuy45vcl0suzwxewg39nsc7dg6j7n3j 0 201298 2416449 1283140 2026-06-05T04:25:30Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pelliot_chinois_3349_1_4.png | thumb | right | 唐五代時期的敦煌算經殘卷。凡數不過十名不過萬，故至萬萬即改。萬萬京曰該。]]'''垓'''係唐字[[大數]]，通常係指10²⁰（中數記法），亦可以指[[100000000|10⁸]]（下數記法）或者10⁶⁴（上數記法）。皆因數值已經好大，日常生活基本上都唔會用佢嚟記數，就算需要記，通常直接用[[科學記數法]]去記。 {{大數}} {{數字楔}} [[Category:大數]] ngu0fohaz1zuwqc6zoen0wu37e73m7g 0 202411 2416441 1289293 2026-06-05T04:18:22Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:天皇大帝.JPG | thumb | right | 像]]'''天皇大帝'''，[[恆星]]之一，[[星官]]之一，歸[[紫微垣]]，又叫'''天皇太帝'''，或'''大帝'''。星喺[[勾陳 (星官)|勾陳]]口。 ==名== 天皇大帝，衍自[[帝星]]。由於歲差，北極轉移。北極光星，只有[[北極 (星官)|北極]]星官以及[[勾陳 (星官)|勾陳]]星官主星。[[史記]][[天官書]]咁睇，前者為[[帝星|帝]]，後者為正妃。而北極之位，就由帝移向正妃移。後人觀天，因歲差錯解，生出天皇大帝。 天皇大帝見於[[晉書]][[天文志]]。「鉤陳口中一星、曰天皇大帝、其神曰耀魄寶、主禦群靈、執萬神圖。」 天皇太帝見於[[隋書]][[天文志]]。「鉤陳口中一星、曰天皇太帝。其神曰耀魄寶、主禦群靈、秉萬神圖。」只係一字之轉。 {{星官}} [[Category:星官]] [[Category:恆星]] 8mo95d6kbi3741xben30nkvf43bgabl 0 203797 2416443 1581701 2026-06-05T04:19:50Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unreferenced}} [[File:Lockhart_Road_Playground_01.jpg | thumb | right | 牌]] '''駱克道遊樂場'''（{{Lang-en|'''Lockhart Road Playground'''}}）係[[香港]]一[[公園]]同[[遊樂場]]，喺[[灣仔]][[駱克道]]，近[[軍器廠街]]，行政上歸[[灣仔區]]。設施有[[籃球場]]。 {{香港嘅公園}} [[Category:香港嘅公園]] [[類:香港遊樂場]] [[Category:灣仔]] {{HK-cultsport-stub}} {{coord|type:landmark|display=title}} db46k9dyofne5f1f95vx7t1zgaoetgw 0 208999 2416489 1752418 2026-06-05T09:35:25Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416489 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gray722.svg|thumb|300px|視覺系統各部份嘅簡化圖解]] '''視覺皮層'''係[[大腦皮層]]負責處理[[視覺]][[訊息]]嗰忽，位於[[枕葉]]後方。 ==概論== 喺人同多數[[哺乳類]]當中，光會通過[[眼角膜]]射落去對光敏感、位於隻眼最後嘅[[視網膜]]嗰度。視網膜上有[[感光細胞]]（一塊人類視網膜上有上億粒感光細胞）會按接收到嘅光嘅物理特性（強度同顏色等）嚟決定射乜嘢[[訊號]]：例如有啲感光細胞淨係會對[[藍色]]光有反應，所以如果呢柞細胞有射訊號，個腦就可以知道隻眼實係接收到藍色光；又有啲感光細胞射訊號嘅[[頻率]]會視乎收到嘅光嘅[[強度 (物理學)|強度]]而定，所以個腦可以透過觀察呢啲訊號嘅頻率得知隻眼睇到嘅光嘅強度。呢啲訊號會經[[視神經]]上腦，目的地係位於[[枕葉]]後方嘅[[視覺皮層]]<ref>Aur, D. (2012). "A comparative analysis of integrating visual information in local neuronal ensembles". ''Journal of Neuroscience Methods''. 207 (1): 23–30.</ref>－視覺皮層係成塊[[大腦皮層]]（[[大腦]]最外面嗰浸組織）嘅視覺資訊中心，負責處理個腦收到嘅視覺訊號，而視覺皮層[[病變]]可以搞到個人就算對眼好地地都[[盲]]<ref name="Vighetto2007">Vighetto, A., & Krolak-Salmon, P. (2007). ''Cortical blindness''. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="butts2006">Butts, D. A., & Goldman, M. S. (2006). Tuning curves, neuronal variability, and sensory coding. ''PLoS biology'', 4(4), e92.</ref>。 一般嚟講，人嘅視覺系統會對[[電磁波譜]]當中[[波長]]喺 370 至 730 [[納米]]之間嘅[[電磁波]]有反應－呢啲電磁波係所謂嘅[[可見光]]<ref name="livingstone2008">Margaret, Livingstone (2008). ''Vision and art : the biology of seeing''. Hubel, David H. New York: Abrams.</ref>。不過一個人睇得到乜嘢電磁波可以受年齡等因素影響，例如有研究發現，佢哋研究樣本當中嘅細路可以睇得到大人睇唔到、波長得嗰 340 納米嘅[[紫外光]]<ref>Brainard, George C.; Beacham, Sabrina; Sanford, Britt E.; Hanifin, John P.; Streletz, Leopold; Sliney, David (March 1, 1999). "Near ultraviolet radiation elicits visual evoked potentials in children". ''Clinical Neurophysiology''. 110 (3): 379–383.</ref>。 == 主要部份 == 視覺系統最重要嘅部份有以下呢啲<ref name="livingstone2008"/>： *[[眼]]：具有多個幫手將光轉化成腦解讀到嘅神經訊號嘅器官。 **[[眼角膜]]：位於隻眼最前，負責將光引導去視網膜嗰度。 **[[視網膜]]：上面有感光細胞，會將光轉化成神經訊號，神經訊號嘅特性會隨接收到嘅光嘅特性變化。 *[[視筋]]：位於視網膜後面，幫手將訊號轉上腦，途中訊號會經過多個腦區。 *[[丘腦]]：位於[[腦幹]]對上嘅一個腦區，會幫手將各種感官嚟嘅訊號轉介去專門處理嗰種訊號嘅大腦皮層區域嗰度－包括將視覺訊號轉介去視覺皮層<ref>Sherman, S. Murray; Guillery, R. W. (2000). ''Exploring the Thalamus''. Academic Press.</ref>。 *[[視覺皮層]]：位於大腦皮層嘅枕葉後方，負責做多種視知覺相關嘅資訊處理。視覺皮層又有得再細分做多個子區域，每個子區域都負責處理唔同類嘅視覺資訊<ref>[https://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-primary-visual-cortex Know your brain: Primary visual cortex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024032008/https://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-primary-visual-cortex |date=2019年10月24號 }}.</ref>。 {{clear}} [[File:Fundus photograph of normal right eye.jpg|thumb|270px|center|一個健康大人嘅右眼視網膜；一條條嗰啲係負責向視網膜供血嘅[[血管]]。]] ==睇埋== *[[視覺]] {{clear}} ==攷== {{reflist|3}} [[Category:腦]] 57wndvcrcmvy3g9gaggfz3qmudjnjek 2416507 2416489 2026-06-05T10:58:52Z Geistory317 198212 反轉[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32731-16|~2026-32731-16]]（[[User talk:~2026-32731-16|傾偈]]）嘅編輯，返去[[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]]嘅最後版本。 1752418 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gray722.svg|thumb|300px|視覺系統各部份嘅簡化圖解]] '''視覺皮層'''（{{lang-en|'''visual cortex'''}}）係[[大腦皮層]]負責處理[[視覺]][[訊息]]嗰忽，位於[[枕葉]]後方。 ==概論== 喺人同多數[[哺乳類]]當中，光會通過[[眼角膜]]射落去對光敏感、位於隻眼最後嘅[[視網膜]]（retina）嗰度。視網膜上有[[感光細胞]]（photoreceptive cell；一塊人類視網膜上有上億粒感光細胞）會按接收到嘅光嘅物理特性（強度同顏色等）嚟決定射乜嘢[[訊號]]：例如有啲感光細胞淨係會對[[藍色]]光有反應，所以如果呢柞細胞有射訊號，個腦就可以知道隻眼實係接收到藍色光；又有啲感光細胞射訊號嘅[[頻率]]會視乎收到嘅光嘅[[強度 (物理學)|強度]]而定，所以個腦可以透過觀察呢啲訊號嘅頻率得知隻眼睇到嘅光嘅強度。呢啲訊號會經[[視神經]]（optic nerve）上腦，目的地係位於[[枕葉]]（occipital lobe）後方嘅[[視覺皮層]]（visual cortex）<ref>Aur, D. (2012). "A comparative analysis of integrating visual information in local neuronal ensembles". ''Journal of Neuroscience Methods''. 207 (1): 23–30.</ref>－視覺皮層係成塊[[大腦皮層]]（cerebral cortex；[[大腦]]最外面嗰浸組織）嘅視覺資訊中心，負責處理個腦收到嘅視覺訊號，而視覺皮層[[病變]]可以搞到個人就算對眼好地地都[[盲]]<ref name="Vighetto2007">Vighetto, A., & Krolak-Salmon, P. (2007). ''Cortical blindness''. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="butts2006">Butts, D. A., & Goldman, M. S. (2006). Tuning curves, neuronal variability, and sensory coding. ''PLoS biology'', 4(4), e92.</ref>。 一般嚟講，人嘅視覺系統會對[[電磁波譜]]當中[[波長]]喺 370 至 730 [[納米]]之間嘅[[電磁波]]（electromagnetic wave）有反應－呢啲電磁波係所謂嘅[[可見光]]（visible light）<ref name="livingstone2008">Margaret, Livingstone (2008). ''Vision and art : the biology of seeing''. Hubel, David H. New York: Abrams.</ref>。不過一個人睇得到乜嘢電磁波可以受年齡等因素影響，例如有研究發現，佢哋研究樣本當中嘅細路可以睇得到大人睇唔到、波長得嗰 340 納米嘅[[紫外光]]<ref>Brainard, George C.; Beacham, Sabrina; Sanford, Britt E.; Hanifin, John P.; Streletz, Leopold; Sliney, David (March 1, 1999). "Near ultraviolet radiation elicits visual evoked potentials in children". ''Clinical Neurophysiology''. 110 (3): 379–383.</ref>。 == 主要部份 == 視覺系統最重要嘅部份有以下呢啲<ref name="livingstone2008"/>： *[[眼]]：具有多個幫手將光轉化成腦解讀到嘅神經訊號嘅器官。 **[[眼角膜]]（cornea）：位於隻眼最前，負責將光引導去視網膜嗰度。 **[[視網膜]]（retina）：上面有感光細胞，會將光轉化成神經訊號，神經訊號嘅特性會隨接收到嘅光嘅特性變化。 *[[視筋]]（optic nerve）：位於視網膜後面，幫手將訊號轉上腦，途中訊號會經過多個腦區。 *[[丘腦]]（thalamus）：位於[[腦幹]]（brain stem）對上嘅一個腦區，會幫手將各種感官嚟嘅訊號轉介去專門處理嗰種訊號嘅大腦皮層區域嗰度－包括將視覺訊號轉介去視覺皮層<ref>Sherman, S. Murray; Guillery, R. W. (2000). ''Exploring the Thalamus''. Academic Press.</ref>。 *[[視覺皮層]]（visual cortex；詳情可以睇下面）：位於大腦皮層嘅枕葉後方，負責做多種視知覺相關嘅資訊處理。視覺皮層又有得再細分做多個子區域，每個子區域都負責處理唔同類嘅視覺資訊<ref>[https://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-primary-visual-cortex Know your brain: Primary visual cortex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024032008/https://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-primary-visual-cortex |date=2019年10月24號 }}.</ref>。 {{clear}} [[File:Fundus photograph of normal right eye.jpg|thumb|270px|center|一個健康大人嘅右眼視網膜；一條條嗰啲係負責向視網膜供血嘅[[血管]]。]] ==睇埋== *[[視覺]] {{clear}} ==攷== {{reflist|3}} [[Category:腦]] 3odh7glx7n1ocjzlz9ec1daagqbsr3x 0 209014 2416488 2362818 2026-06-05T09:33:18Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Retina1.jpg | thumb | right | 拍攝]]'''視網膜'''係[[眼]]嘅一部份，位於隻眼最後，上面有[[感光細胞]]，會將光轉化成[[神經訊號]]。 {{生物學楔}} [[Category:眼]] lxyf9uecv4pu2p5xpecpn9uugtbdp6h 0 209392 2416485 2063602 2026-06-05T09:18:41Z 291292Qe 331011 2416485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{雙拉丁字組合|HT|JT|IS|IU|IT}} '''IT'''通常指[[資訊科技]]，重可以指： *[[I.T]]，香港上市公司 *[[小丑回魂 (2017年電影)]] *[[意大利]] *[[.it]]，意大利嘅國家頂級域 *[[意大利文]] *[[唐翠萍]]，香港嘅電視節目編審兼電影編劇 {{兩個唔同拉丁字嘅搞清楚}} jlfuqzfud7grxbswz4c83j3srmheqkw 0 209989 2416379 2060266 2026-06-05T02:35:08Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Distraction}} {{redirect|Distractions}} {{medical}} [[File:Veddah_girl.jpg | thumb | right | 情景]] '''分心'''（{{lang-en|Distraction}}）係將人嘅[[注意力]]（注意力/專注力，下同）抽離目標區，所以阻絕（或係減少）接收目標區資訊嘅過程<ref>{{Cite book|title = Executive Learning: Successful Strategies for College Reading and Studying|url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780135094310|last = Post|first = Sean|publisher = Prentice Hall|year = 1997|isbn = |location = Upper Saddle River, NJ|pages = |last2 = Schumm|first2 = Jeanne Shay}}</ref>。 ==參考== {{Reflist}} {{認知}} {{medical-stub}} [[Category:人類行為]] 8mncysc1tm53hf5bo6oghvyee2gx6gk 0 211970 2416264 2404719 2026-06-04T16:54:30Z Pokman817 53354 /* 香港 */ 2416264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:P2000 Pager.JPG|thumb|傳呼機]] '''傳呼機'''，俗稱'''Call機'''或'''BB機'''，係一種具有接收同傳送簡易[[文字]][[信息]]功能嘅個人[[無線電]][[通訊]]工具，喺1980～1990年代曾經係好流行嘅通訊設備，但係隨住[[手提電話]]嘅普及，而家世界各地已經陸續被淘汰，中國大陸、臺灣、日本等都已經全面結束傳呼業服務。 ==各地情況== ===中國=== 喺中國大陸，1980年代尾到1990年代初喺省會同大城市入面，屬主流嘅通訊工具之一。曾經喺1998年因用戶數量突破6546萬而名列世界第一人口多傳呼機數量。不過隨住手提電話嘅普及而逐漸開始墮落，直到2007年3月先至完全停運<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.ccidnet.com/art/949/20090910/1883285_1.html |title=别在腰间的传奇 寻呼机时代历史回顾 |access-date=2009-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004084137/http://news.ccidnet.com/art/949/20090910/1883285_1.html |archive-date=2009-10-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>。 ===香港=== 香港傳呼業自1970年代開始發展，傳呼機曾經成為普及嘅通訊工具之一。1990年代中期，手提電話盛行，傳呼業開始沒落，多間公司陸續結束傳呼業務，但係傳呼機喺香港重未完全被淘汰，而家重有一間公司[[電訊數碼]]提供傳呼服務，截至2026年1月，香港重有1,388位用戶<ref>[http://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/tc/content_108/wireless_c.pdf 香港無線通訊服務的主要統計數字]</ref>。 ==功能== 傳呼機有單向（只能夠接收）同雙向（收發）兩種類型。但係單向只能夠接收嘅機種比較最常見。傳呼機通常畀使用者接收回覆請求，同時亦能夠接收其他留言信息。網絡供應商有時亦會提供各種增值信息，例如[[新聞]]、[[股市]]信息等。 除此之外，因為接收嘅內容唔同，又分為四種機型： *音樂機（冇任何嘅螢幕顯示，只會有鈴聲提示使用者，有人call佢） *數字機（可以顯示數字同空白Ｕ-[]） *文字機（可顯示文字同數字） *語音機（收到嘅係語音訊息，可以直接播出人聲） ==技術規格== 發送信息去傳呼機嘅方式通常係打去一個指定嘅[[電話號碼]]，而傳呼機就會自動獲得打電話嘅人嘅電話號碼。而如果需要傳送文字信息，就通常需要打去網絡供應商嘅電話，同傳呼員講要傳送嘅信息，之後由傳呼員輸入電腦後代發，喺未有文字機之前，機主要打去call台度「覆機」叫傳呼員讀出嚟。有啲網絡供應商亦提供基於[[萬維網|Web]]頁面或者係[[電郵]]嘅發送方式。 常見嘅傳呼機協議有[[TAP]]、[[FLEX]]、[[ReFLEX]]、[[POCSAG]]、[[Golay]]、[[ERMES]]、[[NTT]]。喺[[亞洲]]地區，多數係用[[FLEX]]。 [[FLEX]]協議由[[摩托羅拉]]開發，呢個通訊協議提供單向信息傳送功能，使用900Mhz頻段。 ==參考== {{reflist}} [[Category:電子產品]] [[Category:電訊]] rjt7kqg595c7dskifnnwx5kji9tjb4j 0 213141 2416386 2082582 2026-06-05T02:40:55Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{足球員明細 |name=大迫敬介 |image= |fullname=大迫敬介 |birth_date={{birth date and age|1999|7|28}} |birth_place=[[日本]][[鹿兒島縣]] |death_date= |position=[[守門員]] |currentclub= |clubnumber= |years1=2018–|clubs1=[[廣島三箭]]|caps1=|goals1= |nationalyears1=2019–|nationalteam1=[[日本足球代表隊|日本]]|nationalcaps1=2|nationalgoals1=0 }} [[File:Sanfrecce_Hiroshima_-1_Keisuke_OSAKO.jpg | thumb | right | 場照]] '''大迫敬介'''（{{生死|1999年|7月28號}}）係[[日本]][[足球員]]，踢[[守門員]]，曾經喺2019年間為[[日本足球代表隊]]出場2次。佢代表日本參加過[[2019年美洲國家盃]]。 ==成績== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !colspan=3|[[日本足球代表隊]] |- !年!!上陣!!入波 |- |2019||2||0 |- !總計||2||0 |} ==出面網頁== {{Reflist}} *[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/74624/Keisuke_Osako.html National Football Teams] *{{J.League player}} {{日本足球員楔}} [[Category:日本足球員]] [[Category:日本足球代表隊球員]] [[Category:廣島三箭球員]] rtv68tu6xw6ai5i1mj2809gevhwcufx 0 213826 2416471 1848119 2026-06-05T06:08:45Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ruby-粵拼|'''電子遊戲分級系統'''|din zi jau hei fan kap hai tung}} [[File:Video_game_rating_systems_in_europe.JPG | thumb | right | 唔用評級]] （{{lang-en|'''video game rating system'''}}）係指評定一隻[[電子遊戲]]適合乜嘢年齡層嘅一個分級系統，例如有暴力或者性愛相關內容嘅遊戲一般都會俾人評定為「唔適合 18 歲或者以下嘅觀眾」，而有啲內容激烈得滯嘅遊戲甚至會俾有關政府部門禁止喺市面上賣。唔同國家同地區喺分級系統嘅嚴格程度上可以有異<ref>Funk, J. B., & Buchman, D. D. (1995). Video game controversies. ''Pediatric Annals'', 24(2), 91-94.</ref>。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} [[Category:遊戲分級| ]] {{CVG-stub}} tn0hkwxxknsx1enkad64fa5vmxy2s0y 0 220567 2416498 2272988 2026-06-05T10:19:43Z ~2026-33448-55 338859 /* 賽事 */ 2416498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{球會級足球盃賽賽季 | event_name = 歐洲聯賽冠軍盃 | year = 2018–19年 | other_titles = | image = Estadio Wanda Metropolitano (2018).jpg | size = 300px | caption = 決賽喺[[馬德里]]萬達大都會球場舉行 | country = ESP | city = [[馬德里]]萬達大都會球場 | num_season = 64 | title_holder = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]] | result_th = 十六強出局 | dates = ''外圍賽：''<br /> 2018年6月26號–8月29號<br /> ''主賽圈：''<br /> 2018年9月18號–2019年6月1號 | num_teams = ''主賽圈：''32 隊<br /> ''總數：''79 隊 | venues = | champion = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] | count = 6 | runner_up = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]] | 3rd_place = | 4th_place = | matches = 125 | goals = 366 | attendance = 6163044 | top_scorer = {{flagicon|阿根廷}} [[美斯]]（12 球） | MVP = | prevseason = [[2017–18年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|2017-18]] | nextseason = [[2019–20年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|2019-20]] }} '''2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃'''係第27屆[[歐洲聯賽冠軍盃]]，亦係[[歐洲足協]]主辦嘅第64屆頂級球會賽事。決賽喺[[西班牙]][[馬德里]]踢，最後[[英格蘭]]嘅[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]捧盃<ref>[https://std.stheadline.com/daily/article/2013503/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1-%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2-%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D-%E5%90%B9%E9%9F%BF%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E8%99%9F%E8%A7%92 紅軍 吹響鐵血王朝號角]，星島日報，2019-06-03</ref>。 ==參賽席位== ===協會排名=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! 排名 !! 成員國 !! 分組賽 !! 附加賽圈 !! 外圍賽第三圈 !! 外圍賽第二圈 !! 外圍賽第一圈 !! 初賽圈 !! 總數 |- |1||{{nfa|ESP}}||rowspan="4"|4||rowspan="11"|0||rowspan="5"|0||rowspan="11"|0||rowspan="19"|0||rowspan="51"|0||rowspan="4"|'''4''' |- |2||{{nfa|GER}} |- |3||{{nfa|ENG}} |- |4||{{nfa|ITA}} |- |5||{{nfa|FRA}}||3||rowspan="2"|'''3''' |- |6||{{nfa|RUS}}||2||1 |- |7||{{nfa|POR}}||rowspan="5"|1||rowspan="5"|1||rowspan="9"|'''2''' |- |8||{{nfa|UKR}} |- |9||{{nfa|BEL}} |- |10||{{nfa|TUR}} |- |11||{{nfa|CZE}} |- |12||{{nfa|SUI}}||rowspan="44"|0||rowspan="2"|1||rowspan="2"|0||rowspan="8"|1 |- |13||{{nfa|NED}} |- |14||{{nfa|GRE}}||rowspan="42"|0||rowspan="2"|1 |- |15||{{nfa|AUT}} |- |16||{{nfa|CRO}}||rowspan="40"|0||rowspan="16"|'''1''' |- |17||{{nfa|ROU}} |- |18||{{nfa|DEN}} |- |19||{{nfa|BLR}} |- |20||{{nfa|POL}}||rowspan="36"|0||rowspan="12"|1 |- |21||{{nfa|SWE}} |- |22||{{nfa|ISR}} |- |23||{{nfa|SCO}} |- |24||{{nfa|CYP}} |- |25||{{nfa|NOR}} |- |26||{{nfa|AZE}} |- |27||{{nfa|BUL}} |- |28||{{nfa|SRB}} |- |29||{{nfa|KAZ}} |- |30||{{nfa|SVN}} |- |31||{{nfa|SVK}} |- |32||{{nfa|LIE}}||0||'''0''' |- |33||{{nfa|HUN}}||rowspan="19"|1||rowspan="23"|'''1''' |- |34||{{nfa|MDA}} |- |35||{{nfa|ISL}} |- |36||{{nfa|FIN}} |- |37||{{nfa|ALB}} |- |38||{{nfa|IRL}} |- |39||{{nfa|BIH}} |- |40||{{nfa|GEO}} |- |41||{{nfa|LVA}} |- |42||{{nfa|MKD}} |- |43||{{nfa|EST}} |- |44||{{nfa|MNE}} |- |45||{{nfa|ARM}} |- |46||{{nfa|LUX}} |- |47||{{nfa|NIR}} |- |48||{{nfa|LTU}} |- |49||{{nfa|MLT}} |- |50||{{nfa|WAL}} |- |51||{{nfa|FRO}} |- |52||{{nfa|GIB}}||rowspan="4"|0||rowspan="4"|1 |- |53||{{nfa|AND}} |- |54||{{nfa|SMR}} |- |55||{{nfa|KOS}} |} ===席位分配=== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | 賽事 !! 由呢圈開始參賽嘅球隊 !! 自上一圈晉級嘅球隊 |- |colspan="2" align="center"|初賽圈<br>（4 隊）||4 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 52–55）|| |- |colspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第一圈<br>（32 隊）||31 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 20–51，唔包括列支敦士登）||1 隊初賽圈勝方 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第二圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（20 隊）||4 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 16–19）||16 隊外圍賽第一圈勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（4 隊）||4 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 12–15）|| |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第三圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（12 隊）||2 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 14–15）||10 隊外圍賽第二圈（冠軍途徑）勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（8 隊）||{{無記號一覽|5 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 7–11）|1 隊聯賽季軍（協會 6）}}||2 隊外圍賽第二圈（聯賽途徑）勝方 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|附加賽圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（8 隊）||2 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 12–13）||6 隊外圍賽第三圈（冠軍途徑）勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（4 隊）||||4 隊外圍賽第三圈（聯賽途徑）勝方 |- |colspan="2" align="center"|分組賽<br>（32 隊）||{{無記號一覽|11 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 1–11）|6 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 1–6）|5 隊聯賽季軍（協會 1–5）|4 隊聯賽殿軍（協會 1–4）}}||{{無記號一覽|4 隊附加賽（冠軍途徑）勝方| 2 隊附加賽（聯賽途徑）勝方}} |- |colspan="2" align="center"|淘汰賽<br>（16 隊）||||{{無記號一覽|8 隊分組賽首名|8 隊分組賽次名}} |} ==分組賽隊伍== {| class="wikitable" ! 組 !! 隊伍 |- |A組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[馬德里體育會]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]、{{flagicon|FRA}} [[摩納哥體育會足球會|摩納哥]]、{{flagicon|BEL}} [[布魯日足球會|布魯日]] |- |B組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]、{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV燕豪芬|燕豪芬]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[國際米蘭]] |- |C組||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[巴黎聖日耳門]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[拿坡里足球會|拿坡里]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]、{{flagicon|SRB}} [[貝爾格萊德紅星足球會|貝爾格萊德紅星]] |- |D組||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[莫斯科火車頭]]、{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]、{{flagicon|TUR}} [[加拉塔沙雷]] |- |E組||{{flagicon|GER}} [[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]、{{flagicon|POR}} [[賓菲加]]、{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]、{{flagicon|GRE}} [[AEK雅典]] |- |F組||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]、{{flagicon|UKR}} [[薩克達]]、{{flagicon|FRA}} [[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[賀芬咸足球會|賀芬咸]] |- |G組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]、{{flagicon|RUS}} [[莫斯科中央陸軍]]、{{flagicon|CZE}} [[柏辛域陀尼亞]] |- |H組||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼聯]]、{{flagicon|ESP}} [[華倫西亞足球會|華倫西亞]]、{{flagicon|SUI}} [[年青人體育會|年青人]] |} ==賽事== ===分組賽=== ====A組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|F組}} ====G組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|G組}} ====H組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|H組}} ===淘汰賽=== {{16TeamBracket-Info|legs=2|RD4-legs=1 |RD4b-hide=yes|boldwinner=yes <!--十六強賽--> |2月13號/3月5號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]|3|1|4|{{flagicon|GER}} [[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]|0|0|0 |2月20號/3月12號|{{flagicon|GER}} [[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]|2|0|2|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]|3|7|10 |2月13號/3月5號|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|4|5|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]|2|1|3 |2月20號/3月12號|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[馬德里體育會]]|2|0|2|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]|0|3|3 |2月12號/3月6號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[曼聯]]{{agr}}'''|0|3|'''3'''|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[巴黎聖日耳門]]|2|1|3 |2月19號/3月13號|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]|0|1|1|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|0|5|5 |2月19號/3月13號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|0|3|3|{{flagicon|GER}} [[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]|0|1|1 |2月12號/3月6號|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]|2|1|3|{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]{{aet}}|1|3|4 <!--半準決賽--> |4月9號/4月17號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[熱刺]]{{agr}}'''|1|3|'''4'''|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]|0|4|4 |4月10號/4月16號|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|2|3|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]|1|1|2 |4月10號/4月16號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼聯]]|0|0|0|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|1|3|4 |4月9號/4月17號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|2|4|6|{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]|0|1|1 <!--準決賽--> |4月30號/5月8號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[熱刺]]{{agr}}'''|0|3|'''3'''|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|2|3 |5月1號/5月7號|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|3|0|3|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|0|4|4 <!--決賽--> |6月1號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]|0|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|2 }} ====十六強賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|[[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]|GER|2-10|'''[[曼城足球會|曼城]]'''|ENG|2-3|0-7}} {{TwoLegResult|[[馬德里體育會]]|ESP|2-3|'''[[祖雲達斯]]'''|ITA|2-0|0-3}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[曼聯]]'''|ENG|3-3{{agr}}|[[巴黎聖日耳門]]|FRA|0-2|3-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|4-0|[[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]|GER|3-0|1-0}} {{TwoLegResult|[[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]|FRA|1-5|'''[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]'''|ESP|0-0|1-5}} {{TwoLegResult|[[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]|ITA|3-4|'''[[波圖足球會|波圖]]'''|POR|2-1|1-3{{aet}}}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]'''|NED|5-3|[[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]|ESP|1-2|4-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|3-1|[[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]|GER|0-0|3-1}} |} ====半準決賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]'''|NED|3-2|[[祖雲達斯]]|ITA|1-1|2-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|6-1|[[波圖足球會|波圖]]|POR|2-0|4-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|4-4{{agr}}|[[曼城足球會|曼城]]|ENG|1-0|3-4}} {{TwoLegResult|[[曼聯]]|ENG|0-4|'''[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]'''|ESP|0-1|0-3}} |} ====準決賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|3-3{{agr}}|[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|NED|0-1|3-2}} {{TwoLegResult|[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]|ESP|3-4|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|3-0|0-4}} |} ====決賽==== {{Football box |id = |date = {{Start date|2019|6|1}} |time = 21:00 |team1 = [[熱刺]] {{flagicon|ENG}} |score = 0－2 |team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] |goals1 = |goals2 = [[沙拿]] {{goal|2|pen.}}<br>[[迪獲奧歷治]] {{goal|87}} |stadium = [[馬德里]]，[[萬達大都會球場]] |attendance = 63,272<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2019/2025486_fr.pdf Full Time Report Final – Tottenham Hotspur v Liverpool]，UEFA</ref> |referee = [[達米爾‧斯科米納]]（{{nfa|SVN}}） |report = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2019/matches/round=2000984/match=2025486/index.html }} ==參考== <references/> ==出面網頁== *{{Official website|https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/}} {{歐洲聯賽冠軍盃}} [[Category:2018年足球]] [[Category:2019年足球]] [[Category:歐洲聯賽冠軍盃]] q9qep6kk8v4m80zw4cniqwcqxg4vhee 2416499 2416498 2026-06-05T10:20:23Z ~2026-33448-55 338859 /* 賽事 */ 2416499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{球會級足球盃賽賽季 | event_name = 歐洲聯賽冠軍盃 | year = 2018–19年 | other_titles = | image = Estadio Wanda Metropolitano (2018).jpg | size = 300px | caption = 決賽喺[[馬德里]]萬達大都會球場舉行 | country = ESP | city = [[馬德里]]萬達大都會球場 | num_season = 64 | title_holder = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]] | result_th = 十六強出局 | dates = ''外圍賽：''<br /> 2018年6月26號–8月29號<br /> ''主賽圈：''<br /> 2018年9月18號–2019年6月1號 | num_teams = ''主賽圈：''32 隊<br /> ''總數：''79 隊 | venues = | champion = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] | count = 6 | runner_up = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]] | 3rd_place = | 4th_place = | matches = 125 | goals = 366 | attendance = 6163044 | top_scorer = {{flagicon|阿根廷}} [[美斯]]（12 球） | MVP = | prevseason = [[2017–18年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|2017-18]] | nextseason = [[2019–20年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|2019-20]] }} '''2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃'''係第27屆[[歐洲聯賽冠軍盃]]，亦係[[歐洲足協]]主辦嘅第64屆頂級球會賽事。決賽喺[[西班牙]][[馬德里]]踢，最後[[英格蘭]]嘅[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]捧盃<ref>[https://std.stheadline.com/daily/article/2013503/%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1-%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2-%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D-%E5%90%B9%E9%9F%BF%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E8%99%9F%E8%A7%92 紅軍 吹響鐵血王朝號角]，星島日報，2019-06-03</ref>。 ==參賽席位== ===協會排名=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! 排名 !! 成員國 !! 分組賽 !! 附加賽圈 !! 外圍賽第三圈 !! 外圍賽第二圈 !! 外圍賽第一圈 !! 初賽圈 !! 總數 |- |1||{{nfa|ESP}}||rowspan="4"|4||rowspan="11"|0||rowspan="5"|0||rowspan="11"|0||rowspan="19"|0||rowspan="51"|0||rowspan="4"|'''4''' |- |2||{{nfa|GER}} |- |3||{{nfa|ENG}} |- |4||{{nfa|ITA}} |- |5||{{nfa|FRA}}||3||rowspan="2"|'''3''' |- |6||{{nfa|RUS}}||2||1 |- |7||{{nfa|POR}}||rowspan="5"|1||rowspan="5"|1||rowspan="9"|'''2''' |- |8||{{nfa|UKR}} |- |9||{{nfa|BEL}} |- |10||{{nfa|TUR}} |- |11||{{nfa|CZE}} |- |12||{{nfa|SUI}}||rowspan="44"|0||rowspan="2"|1||rowspan="2"|0||rowspan="8"|1 |- |13||{{nfa|NED}} |- |14||{{nfa|GRE}}||rowspan="42"|0||rowspan="2"|1 |- |15||{{nfa|AUT}} |- |16||{{nfa|CRO}}||rowspan="40"|0||rowspan="16"|'''1''' |- |17||{{nfa|ROU}} |- |18||{{nfa|DEN}} |- |19||{{nfa|BLR}} |- |20||{{nfa|POL}}||rowspan="36"|0||rowspan="12"|1 |- |21||{{nfa|SWE}} |- |22||{{nfa|ISR}} |- |23||{{nfa|SCO}} |- |24||{{nfa|CYP}} |- |25||{{nfa|NOR}} |- |26||{{nfa|AZE}} |- |27||{{nfa|BUL}} |- |28||{{nfa|SRB}} |- |29||{{nfa|KAZ}} |- |30||{{nfa|SVN}} |- |31||{{nfa|SVK}} |- |32||{{nfa|LIE}}||0||'''0''' |- |33||{{nfa|HUN}}||rowspan="19"|1||rowspan="23"|'''1''' |- |34||{{nfa|MDA}} |- |35||{{nfa|ISL}} |- |36||{{nfa|FIN}} |- |37||{{nfa|ALB}} |- |38||{{nfa|IRL}} |- |39||{{nfa|BIH}} |- |40||{{nfa|GEO}} |- |41||{{nfa|LVA}} |- |42||{{nfa|MKD}} |- |43||{{nfa|EST}} |- |44||{{nfa|MNE}} |- |45||{{nfa|ARM}} |- |46||{{nfa|LUX}} |- |47||{{nfa|NIR}} |- |48||{{nfa|LTU}} |- |49||{{nfa|MLT}} |- |50||{{nfa|WAL}} |- |51||{{nfa|FRO}} |- |52||{{nfa|GIB}}||rowspan="4"|0||rowspan="4"|1 |- |53||{{nfa|AND}} |- |54||{{nfa|SMR}} |- |55||{{nfa|KOS}} |} ===席位分配=== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | 賽事 !! 由呢圈開始參賽嘅球隊 !! 自上一圈晉級嘅球隊 |- |colspan="2" align="center"|初賽圈<br>（4 隊）||4 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 52–55）|| |- |colspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第一圈<br>（32 隊）||31 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 20–51，唔包括列支敦士登）||1 隊初賽圈勝方 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第二圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（20 隊）||4 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 16–19）||16 隊外圍賽第一圈勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（4 隊）||4 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 12–15）|| |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|外圍賽第三圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（12 隊）||2 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 14–15）||10 隊外圍賽第二圈（冠軍途徑）勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（8 隊）||{{無記號一覽|5 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 7–11）|1 隊聯賽季軍（協會 6）}}||2 隊外圍賽第二圈（聯賽途徑）勝方 |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|附加賽圈||align="center"|冠軍途徑<br>（8 隊）||2 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 12–13）||6 隊外圍賽第三圈（冠軍途徑）勝方 |- |align="center"|聯賽途徑<br>（4 隊）||||4 隊外圍賽第三圈（聯賽途徑）勝方 |- |colspan="2" align="center"|分組賽<br>（32 隊）||{{無記號一覽|11 隊聯賽冠軍（協會 1–11）|6 隊聯賽亞軍（協會 1–6）|5 隊聯賽季軍（協會 1–5）|4 隊聯賽殿軍（協會 1–4）}}||{{無記號一覽|4 隊附加賽（冠軍途徑）勝方| 2 隊附加賽（聯賽途徑）勝方}} |- |colspan="2" align="center"|淘汰賽<br>（16 隊）||||{{無記號一覽|8 隊分組賽首名|8 隊分組賽次名}} |} ==分組賽隊伍== {| class="wikitable" ! 組 !! 隊伍 |- |A組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[馬德里體育會]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]、{{flagicon|FRA}} [[摩納哥體育會足球會|摩納哥]]、{{flagicon|BEL}} [[布魯日足球會|布魯日]] |- |B組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]、{{flagicon|NED}} [[PSV燕豪芬|燕豪芬]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[國際米蘭]] |- |C組||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[巴黎聖日耳門]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[拿坡里足球會|拿坡里]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]、{{flagicon|SRB}} [[貝爾格萊德紅星足球會|貝爾格萊德紅星]] |- |D組||{{flagicon|RUS}} [[莫斯科火車頭]]、{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]、{{flagicon|TUR}} [[加拉塔沙雷]] |- |E組||{{flagicon|GER}} [[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]、{{flagicon|POR}} [[賓菲加]]、{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]、{{flagicon|GRE}} [[AEK雅典]] |- |F組||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]、{{flagicon|UKR}} [[薩克達]]、{{flagicon|FRA}} [[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]、{{flagicon|GER}} [[賀芬咸足球會|賀芬咸]] |- |G組||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]、{{flagicon|ITA}} [[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]、{{flagicon|RUS}} [[莫斯科中央陸軍]]、{{flagicon|CZE}} [[柏辛域陀尼亞]] |- |H組||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]、{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼聯]]、{{flagicon|ESP}} [[華倫西亞足球會|華倫西亞]]、{{flagicon|SUI}} [[年青人體育會|年青人]] |} ==賽事== ===分組賽=== ====A組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|F組}} ====G組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|G組}} ====H組==== {{2018–19年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃分組賽積分榜|H組}} ===淘汰賽=== {{16TeamBracket-Info|legs=2|RD4-legs=1|RD4b-hide=yes|boldwinner=yes <!--十六強賽--> |2月13號/3月5號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]|3|1|4|{{flagicon|GER}} [[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]|0|0|0 |2月20號/3月12號|{{flagicon|GER}} [[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]|2|0|2|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]|3|7|10 |2月13號/3月5號|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|4|5|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]|2|1|3 |2月20號/3月12號|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[馬德里體育會]]|2|0|2|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]|0|3|3 |2月12號/3月6號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[曼聯]]{{agr}}'''|0|3|'''3'''|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[巴黎聖日耳門]]|2|1|3 |2月19號/3月13號|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]|0|1|1|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|0|5|5 |2月19號/3月13號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|0|3|3|{{flagicon|GER}} [[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]|0|1|1 |2月12號/3月6號|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]|2|1|3|{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]{{aet}}|1|3|4 <!--半準決賽--> |4月9號/4月17號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[熱刺]]{{agr}}'''|1|3|'''4'''|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼城足球會|曼城]]|0|4|4 |4月10號/4月16號|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|2|3|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[祖雲達斯]]|1|1|2 |4月10號/4月16號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[曼聯]]|0|0|0|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|1|3|4 |4月9號/4月17號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|2|4|6|{{flagicon|POR}} [[波圖足球會|波圖]]|0|1|1 <!--準決賽--> |4月30號/5月8號|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[熱刺]]{{agr}}'''|0|3|'''3'''|{{flagicon|NED}} [[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|1|2|3 |5月1號/5月7號|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞隆拿]]|3|0|3|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|0|4|4 <!--決賽--> |6月1號|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[熱刺]]|0|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]|2 }} ====十六強賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|[[史浩克零四足球會|史浩克零四]]|GER|2-10|'''[[曼城足球會|曼城]]'''|ENG|2-3|0-7}} {{TwoLegResult|[[馬德里體育會]]|ESP|2-3|'''[[祖雲達斯]]'''|ITA|2-0|0-3}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[曼聯]]'''|ENG|3-3{{agr}}|[[巴黎聖日耳門]]|FRA|0-2|3-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|4-0|[[多蒙特足球會|多蒙特]]|GER|3-0|1-0}} {{TwoLegResult|[[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]]|FRA|1-5|'''[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]'''|ESP|0-0|1-5}} {{TwoLegResult|[[羅馬體育會|羅馬]]|ITA|3-4|'''[[波圖足球會|波圖]]'''|POR|2-1|1-3{{aet}}}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]'''|NED|5-3|[[皇家馬德里足球會|皇家馬德里]]|ESP|1-2|4-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|3-1|[[拜仁慕尼黑足球會|拜仁慕尼黑]]|GER|0-0|3-1}} |} ====半準決賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]'''|NED|3-2|[[祖雲達斯]]|ITA|1-1|2-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|6-1|[[波圖足球會|波圖]]|POR|2-0|4-1}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|4-4{{agr}}|[[曼城足球會|曼城]]|ENG|1-0|3-4}} {{TwoLegResult|[[曼聯]]|ENG|0-4|'''[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]'''|ESP|0-1|0-3}} |} ====準決賽==== {{TwoLegStart}} {{TwoLegResult|'''[[熱刺]]'''|ENG|3-3{{agr}}|[[阿積士足球會|阿積士]]|NED|0-1|3-2}} {{TwoLegResult|[[巴塞隆拿足球會|巴塞羅那]]|ESP|3-4|'''[[利物浦足球會|利物浦]]'''|ENG|3-0|0-4}} |} ====決賽==== {{Football box |id = |date = {{Start date|2019|6|1}} |time = 21:00 |team1 = [[熱刺]] {{flagicon|ENG}} |score = 0－2 |team2 = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] |goals1 = |goals2 = [[沙拿]] {{goal|2|pen.}}<br>[[迪獲奧歷治]] {{goal|87}} |stadium = [[馬德里]]，[[萬達大都會球場]] |attendance = 63,272<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2019/2025486_fr.pdf Full Time Report Final – Tottenham Hotspur v Liverpool]，UEFA</ref> |referee = [[達米爾‧斯科米納]]（{{nfa|SVN}}） |report = http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2019/matches/round=2000984/match=2025486/index.html }} ==參考== <references/> ==出面網頁== *{{Official website|https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/}} {{歐洲聯賽冠軍盃}} [[Category:2018年足球]] [[Category:2019年足球]] [[Category:歐洲聯賽冠軍盃]] t889fu77mvx595dl286b8gw9tlpltsx 0 221819 2416394 2407216 2026-06-05T03:07:19Z ~2026-33248-63 338820 /* 監製 */ 2416394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 方駿釗 | 類型 = 監製 | 圖片 = <!--建議使用自由版權圖像--> | 圖片尺寸 = | 圖片簡介 = | 英文名 = Dave Fong | 羅馬拼音 = Fong Chun Chiu | 别名 = 方包、嘟嘟、方大人、方大哥、鬼王嘟、嘟時、駿釗記、駿釗大哥、釗哥、釗仔、阿釗、方Sir、釗Sir | 籍貫 = [[廣東]][[中山市|中山]] | 出生日期 = {{birth date_and_age|1966|10|21}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}}[[九龍城]][[九龍寨|城寨村]] | 語言 = 粵語、英文、普通話 | 國籍 = {{GBR}}<BR>{{CNHK}}<BR>{{CNMO}} | 居住地 = {{HK}}[[油尖旺]] | 教育程度 = [[香港理工大學|香港理工學院]]平面設計系畢業 | 母校 = [[培僑中學]]<br>[[觀塘官立中學]]<br>[[香港理工大學|香港理工學院]] | 職業 = [[演員]]、[[電影制片人|監製]]、[[電影導演]]、[[武術指導]] | 宗教信仰 = [[天主教|羅馬天主教]] | 配偶 = 已婚 | 親屬 = | 子女 = | 父母 = | 出道作品 = 《[[怒劍嘯狂沙]]》 | 代表作品 = 《[[獅子山下系列]]》<br>《[[巾幗梟雄]]》系列<br>《[[一屋老友記]]》<br>《[[降魔的系列]]》<br>《[[跳躍生命線]]》 | 經紀公司 = [[佳藝電視]]（1975至1978年）<br>[[麗的電視]]／[[亞洲電視]]（1978至1989年）<br>[[無綫電視]]（1989年到而家）<br>[[邵氏兄弟]]（2021年到而家） | 出道日期 = 1970年代 | 活躍年代 = 1970年代到依家 | 官方網站 = | tvbanniversaryawards = '''[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮最佳劇集|最佳劇集]]'''<br>2018年《[[跳躍生命線]]》<br>'''全球網民最喜愛劇集'''<br>2017年《[[降魔的]]》 | awards = '''[[觀眾在民間電視大奬]]'''<br>'''民選最佳劇集'''<br>2017年《[[降魔的]]》<br>'''民選最佳劇本'''<br>2017年《降魔的》<br>'''[[香港電視大獎]]'''<br>'''劇集獎'''<br>2017年《降魔的》<br>'''劇本獎、製作獎'''<br>2017年《降魔的》 }} '''方駿釗'''（{{lang-en|'''Dave Fong Chun Chiu'''}}，{{bd|1966年|10月21號}}）<ref>[https://m.weibo.cn/search?containerid=231522type%3D1%26t%3D10%26q%3D%23方駿釗%23&luicode=20000061&lfid=4458777266692354]</Ref>，人稱'''方包'''，香港男性劇集監製及節目主持、而家係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]監製兼戲劇組演員<Ref>[https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1360026/]</Ref><Ref>[https://waptv.sogou.com/v?query=方骏钊&spver=]</Ref><Ref>[https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/253129/%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%B7%9A-%E7%B6%A0%E8%91%89%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%A2%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB-%E6%8B%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9B%A3%E8%A3%BD%E6%96%B9%E9%A7%BF%E9%87%97%E5%8A%87%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%98%E6%94%B6%E8%A6%96%E5%A5%97%E8%B7%AF 【跳躍生命線】綠葉角色反客為主　拆解監製方駿釗劇集高收視套路]</Ref>，佢喺[[香港]]出世，祖籍[[中山 (廣東)|中山]]、[[澳門]]。 == 入行同埋演藝事業 == 方駿釗先後喺[[培僑中學]]、[[觀塘官立中學]]同[[香港理工大學]]畢業。1991年第4期[[無綫電視藝員訓練進修班]]畢業。1970年代以[[香港]][[佳藝電視]]出道、其他時間佢幫過無綫電視、[[亞洲電視]]（包括前身麗的電視）、佳藝電視同[[香港電台]]電視部拍攝《[[獅子山下]]》系列等。 == 監製、導演作品 == === 電視劇（[[無綫電視]]） === ==== 助理編導 ==== * 1991年：《[[怒劍嘯狂沙]]》 * 1992年：《[[風之刀]]》、《[[武林幸運星]]》 * 1993年：《[[天倫 (無綫電視劇)|天倫]]》 * 1994年：《[[射鵰英雄傳之南帝北丐]]》、《[[烈火狂奔]]》 * 1995年：《[[包青天 (無綫電視劇)|包青天]]》 * 1996年：《[[西遊記 (無綫電視劇)|西遊記]]》 * 1997年：《[[隱形怪傑]]》 * 1998年：《[[緣來沒法擋]]》 ==== 編導 ==== * 1998年：《[[西遊記（貳）]]》 * 1999年：《[[茶是故鄉濃]]》 * 2000年：《[[妙手仁心II]]》 * 2001年：《[[封神榜 (2001年電視劇)|封神榜]]》 * 2002年：《[[七號差館 (電視劇)|七號差館]]》 * 2003年：《[[九五至尊]]》、《[[俗世情真]]》、《[[繾綣仙凡間]]》 * 2004年：《[[棟篤神探]]》、《[[無名天使3D]]》、《[[爭分奪秒 (電視劇)|爭分奪秒]]》 * 2005年：《[[窈窕熟女]]》、《[[隨時候命]]》 * 2006年：《[[樓住有情人]]》、《[[蓋世孖寶]]》 * 2007年：《[[同事三分親]]》、《[[迎妻接福]]》、《[[建築有情天]]》 * 2008年：《[[甜言蜜語]]》、《[[搜神傳]]》 * 2009年：《[[巾幗梟雄]]》、《[[幕後大老爺]]》、《[[ID精英]]》、《[[宮心計]]》 * 2010年：《[[公主嫁到]]》、《[[巾幗梟雄之義海豪情]]》 * 2011年：《[[女拳]]》《[[我的如意狼君]]》 * 2012年：《[[大太監]]》 * 2014年：《[[叛逃 (電視劇)|叛逃]]》 * 2021年：《[[陀槍師姐2021]]》、《[[愛上我的衰神]]》 * 2023年：《[[你好，我的大夫]]》 ==== 監製 ==== * 2012年：《[[幸福摩天輪]]》 * 2014年：《[[單戀雙城]]》、《[[載得有情人]]》 * 2015年：《[[天眼 (香港電視劇)|天眼]]》、《[[收規華]]》 * 2016年：《[[潮流教主]]》、《[[一屋老友記]]》 * 2017年：《[[降魔的]]》 * 2018年：《[[跳躍生命線]]》 * 2019年：《[[福爾摩師奶]]》 * 2020年：《[[降魔的2.0]]》 * 2021年：《[[陀槍師姐2021]]》、《[[愛上我的衰神]]》 * 2023年：《[[你好，我的大夫]]》 * 2024年：《[[:zh-yue:巾幗梟雄之懸崖|巾幗梟雄之懸崖]]》 * 2026年：《[[臥底嬌娃]]》 == 獎項 == {| class="wikitable" width="80% |-align=center ! width="5%"|年度 ! width="20%"|頒獎典禮 ! width="15%"|獎項 ! width="15%"|劇集 ! width="7%"|結果 |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=5| 2017||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮2017]]||全球網民最喜愛劇集|| rowspan=5|《[[降魔的]]》||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=2|[[觀眾在民間電視大奬]]2017||民選最佳劇集||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |民選最佳劇本||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=2|[[香港电视大奖]]2017||劇集獎||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |製作獎、劇本獎||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |2018||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018]]||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮最佳劇集|最佳劇集]]||《[[跳躍生命線]]》||{{won}} |} == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * {{douban people}} [[Category:香港前童星]] [[類:香港天主教徒]] [[類:無綫電視監製]] [[Category:前無綫電視男藝員]] [[Category:前亞洲電視男藝員]] [[Category:前佳藝電視男藝員]] [[Category:香港電視男演員]] [[Category:香港電影男演員]] [[Category:祖籍中山]] [[Category:香港舞臺劇演員]] [[Category:香港演藝人協會]] [[Category:培僑中學舊生]] [[Category:香港理工大學舊生]] [[Category:觀塘官立中學舊生]] [[類:澳門人]] [[Category:方氏|駿釗]] jjwsusdsapdoazvduvc49o419j3pyc7 2416395 2416394 2026-06-05T03:09:14Z ~2026-33248-63 338820 2416395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 方駿釗 | 類型 = 監製 | 圖片 = <!--建議使用自由版權圖像--> | 圖片尺寸 = | 圖片簡介 = | 英文名 = Dave Fong | 羅馬拼音 = Fong Chun Chiu | 别名 = 方包、嘟嘟、方大人、方大哥、鬼王嘟、嘟時、駿釗記、駿釗大哥、釗哥、釗仔、阿釗、方Sir、釗Sir | 籍貫 = [[廣東]][[中山市|中山]] | 出生日期 = {{birth date_and_age|1966|10|21}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}}[[九龍城]][[九龍寨|城寨村]] | 語言 = 粵語、英文、普通話 | 國籍 = {{GBR}}<BR>{{CNHK}}<BR>{{CNMO}} | 居住地 = {{HK}}[[油尖旺]] | 教育程度 = [[香港理工大學|香港理工學院]]平面設計系畢業 | 母校 = [[培僑中學]]<br>[[觀塘官立中學]]<br>[[香港理工大學|香港理工學院]] | 職業 = [[演員]]、[[電影制片人|監製]]、[[電影導演]]、[[武術指導]] | 宗教信仰 = [[天主教|羅馬天主教]] | 配偶 = 已婚 | 親屬 = | 子女 = | 父母 = | 出道作品 = 《[[怒劍嘯狂沙]]》 | 代表作品 = 《[[獅子山下系列]]》<br>《[[巾幗梟雄]]》系列<br>《[[一屋老友記]]》<br>《[[降魔的系列]]》<br>《[[跳躍生命線]]》 | 經紀公司 = [[佳藝電視]]（1975年到1978年）<br>[[麗的電視]]／[[亞洲電視]]（1978年到1989年）<br>[[無綫電視]]（1989年到2025年）<br>[[邵氏兄弟]]（2021年到2025年） | 出道日期 = 1974年 | 活躍年代 = 1974年到而家 | 官方網站 = | tvbanniversaryawards = '''[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮最佳劇集|最佳劇集]]'''<br>2018年《[[跳躍生命線]]》<br>'''全球網民最喜愛劇集'''<br>2017年《[[降魔的]]》 | awards = '''[[觀眾在民間電視大奬]]'''<br>'''民選最佳劇集'''<br>2017年《[[降魔的]]》<br>'''民選最佳劇本'''<br>2017年《降魔的》<br>'''[[香港電視大獎]]'''<br>'''劇集獎'''<br>2017年《降魔的》<br>'''劇本獎、製作獎'''<br>2017年《降魔的》 }} '''方駿釗'''（{{lang-en|'''Dave Fong Chun Chiu'''}}，{{bd|1966年|10月21號}}）<ref>[https://m.weibo.cn/search?containerid=231522type%3D1%26t%3D10%26q%3D%23方駿釗%23&luicode=20000061&lfid=4458777266692354]</Ref>，人稱'''方包'''，香港男性劇集監製及節目主持、係前[[香港]][[無綫電視]]監製兼戲劇組演員<Ref>[https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1360026/]</Ref><Ref>[https://waptv.sogou.com/v?query=方骏钊&spver=]</Ref><Ref>[https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/253129/%E8%B7%B3%E8%BA%8D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%B7%9A-%E7%B6%A0%E8%91%89%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%A2%E7%82%BA%E4%B8%BB-%E6%8B%86%E8%A7%A3%E7%9B%A3%E8%A3%BD%E6%96%B9%E9%A7%BF%E9%87%97%E5%8A%87%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%98%E6%94%B6%E8%A6%96%E5%A5%97%E8%B7%AF 【跳躍生命線】綠葉角色反客為主　拆解監製方駿釗劇集高收視套路]</Ref>，佢喺[[香港]]出世，祖籍[[中山 (廣東)|中山]]、[[澳門]]。 == 入行同埋演藝事業 == 方駿釗先後喺[[培僑中學]]、[[觀塘官立中學]]同[[香港理工大學]]畢業。1991年第4期[[無綫電視藝員訓練進修班]]畢業。1970年代以[[香港]][[佳藝電視]]出道、其他時間佢幫過無綫電視、[[亞洲電視]]（包括前身麗的電視）、佳藝電視同[[香港電台]]電視部拍攝《[[獅子山下]]》系列等。 == 監製、導演作品 == === 電視劇（[[無綫電視]]） === ==== 助理編導 ==== * 1991年：《[[怒劍嘯狂沙]]》 * 1992年：《[[風之刀]]》、《[[武林幸運星]]》 * 1993年：《[[天倫 (無綫電視劇)|天倫]]》 * 1994年：《[[射鵰英雄傳之南帝北丐]]》、《[[烈火狂奔]]》 * 1995年：《[[包青天 (無綫電視劇)|包青天]]》 * 1996年：《[[西遊記 (無綫電視劇)|西遊記]]》 * 1997年：《[[隱形怪傑]]》 * 1998年：《[[緣來沒法擋]]》 ==== 編導 ==== * 1998年：《[[西遊記（貳）]]》 * 1999年：《[[茶是故鄉濃]]》 * 2000年：《[[妙手仁心II]]》 * 2001年：《[[封神榜 (2001年電視劇)|封神榜]]》 * 2002年：《[[七號差館 (電視劇)|七號差館]]》 * 2003年：《[[九五至尊]]》、《[[俗世情真]]》、《[[繾綣仙凡間]]》 * 2004年：《[[棟篤神探]]》、《[[無名天使3D]]》、《[[爭分奪秒 (電視劇)|爭分奪秒]]》 * 2005年：《[[窈窕熟女]]》、《[[隨時候命]]》 * 2006年：《[[樓住有情人]]》、《[[蓋世孖寶]]》 * 2007年：《[[同事三分親]]》、《[[迎妻接福]]》、《[[建築有情天]]》 * 2008年：《[[甜言蜜語]]》、《[[搜神傳]]》 * 2009年：《[[巾幗梟雄]]》、《[[幕後大老爺]]》、《[[ID精英]]》、《[[宮心計]]》 * 2010年：《[[公主嫁到]]》、《[[巾幗梟雄之義海豪情]]》 * 2011年：《[[女拳]]》《[[我的如意狼君]]》 * 2012年：《[[大太監]]》 * 2014年：《[[叛逃 (電視劇)|叛逃]]》 * 2021年：《[[陀槍師姐2021]]》、《[[愛上我的衰神]]》 * 2023年：《[[你好，我的大夫]]》 ==== 監製 ==== * 2012年：《[[幸福摩天輪]]》 * 2014年：《[[單戀雙城]]》、《[[載得有情人]]》 * 2015年：《[[天眼 (香港電視劇)|天眼]]》、《[[收規華]]》 * 2016年：《[[潮流教主]]》、《[[一屋老友記]]》 * 2017年：《[[降魔的]]》 * 2018年：《[[跳躍生命線]]》 * 2019年：《[[福爾摩師奶]]》 * 2020年：《[[降魔的2.0]]》 * 2021年：《[[陀槍師姐2021]]》、《[[愛上我的衰神]]》 * 2023年：《[[你好，我的大夫]]》 * 2024年：《[[:zh-yue:巾幗梟雄之懸崖|巾幗梟雄之懸崖]]》 * 2026年：《[[臥底嬌娃]]》 == 獎項 == {| class="wikitable" width="80% |-align=center ! width="5%"|年度 ! width="20%"|頒獎典禮 ! width="15%"|獎項 ! width="15%"|劇集 ! width="7%"|結果 |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=5| 2017||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮2017]]||全球網民最喜愛劇集|| rowspan=5|《[[降魔的]]》||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=2|[[觀眾在民間電視大奬]]2017||民選最佳劇集||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |民選最佳劇本||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |rowspan=2|[[香港电视大奖]]2017||劇集獎||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |製作獎、劇本獎||{{won}} |- style="text-align:center;" |2018||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮2018]]||[[萬千星輝頒獎典禮最佳劇集|最佳劇集]]||《[[跳躍生命線]]》||{{won}} |} == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * {{douban people}} [[Category:香港前童星]] [[類:香港天主教徒]] [[類:前無綫電視監製]] [[Category:前無綫電視男藝員]] [[Category:前亞洲電視男藝員]] [[Category:前佳藝電視男藝員]] [[Category:香港電視男演員]] [[Category:香港電影男演員]] [[Category:祖籍中山]] [[Category:香港舞臺劇演員]] [[Category:香港演藝人協會]] [[Category:培僑中學舊生]] [[Category:香港理工大學舊生]] [[Category:觀塘官立中學舊生]] [[類:澳門人]] [[Category:方氏|駿釗]] 5f2a2u7d276gv96i231zf3l60fxg9zo 0 223274 2416493 1417827 2026-06-05T09:40:32Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Schematic diagram of the human eye en.svg|250px|thumb]] '''虹膜'''（{{jpingauto|hong4 mok6}}）係[[眼]]入面眼珠有顏色嗰部份，而佢中心有一圓形嘅開口，就係[[瞳孔]]。 ==拎== {{reflist}} {{Commons category|Iris (eye)}} *[http://www.art-dept.com/artists/rankin/portfolio/specialprojects/eyescapes/portfolio.html?source=20i Detailed photographs of human irides] {{anatomy-stub}} [[Category:眼]] [[Category:解剖學]] 47kuebs453uh22wpxqpgpgqh7qjiqin 0 223275 2416492 1694900 2026-06-05T09:38:25Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Focus in an eye.svg|250px|thumb|嚟自遠物體嘅光同嚟自近物體嘅光通過改變水晶體嘅大細而成功聚焦。]] '''水晶體'''（{{jpingauto|seoi2 zing1 tai2}}），係[[眼]]嘅主要屈光結構，亦都係唯一有調節能力嘅屈光間質。 ==拎== {{reflist}} *[http://www.bu.edu/histology/p/08001loa.htm Histology image: 08001loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University] {{anatomy-stub}} [[Category:眼]] [[Category:解剖學]] duad2z7xldg1gmmpk8kss780cwbbb24 0 224147 2416442 1844409 2026-06-05T04:18:54Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = 盔瓣花目 | image = | image_caption = | regnum = [[植物界]] Plantae | divisio = [[被子植物門]] Angiosperms | classis = [[雙子葉植物綱]] Dicotyledons | ordo = '''盔瓣花目 ''Paracryphiales''''' }} [[File:Quintinia_sieberi_-_Grose_Valley.JPG | thumb | right | 典型]] '''盔瓣花目'''（{{jpingauto|kwai1 faan5*6 faa1 muk6}}，[[學名]]：''{{lang|la|Paracryphiales}}''）係[[被子植物門]][[雙子葉植物綱]]嘅一個[[目]]。 [[Category:盔瓣花目| ]] fnb0ekl02iwswuswd4gziw9dade6kxp 0 226263 2416341 2382375 2026-06-05T01:49:46Z HenryLi 14 通 2416341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:蔣介卿_(cropped).jpg | thumb | right | 玉照]]'''蔣介卿'''（{{bd|1875年|1月3號|1936年|12月27號}}），[[中華民國]][[官員]]，名'''錫侯'''，字'''介卿'''，一字'''瑞生'''，號'''蕭緒'''，另外一個號叫'''前安'''，譜名就叫做'''周康。佢'''[[中華民國總統]][[蔣中正]]個大佬，做過[[法官|地方法官]]、[[英德市|英德縣]][[縣長]]、[[海關監督]]、[[浙江省]][[政府委員]]等等。 == 經歷 == 蔣介卿係屋企入面嘅大仔，同蔣中正係同老豆唔同阿媽嘅兄弟。佢細個嗰時，老豆[[蔣肇聰]]將佢過繼畀堂大佬[[蔣肇餘]]，所以佢同蔣中正嘅關係就疏遠咗。後嚟，另一個細佬[[蔣瑞青]]死咗之後，蔣介卿受到一班存心不良嘅人鼓吹，想去分細佬身家但係失敗，之後重攞訟詞嚟嚇後母[[王采玉]]。 曾經中過[[秀才]]，響1921年佢畀[[中國]][[民主]][[自由主義|自由]]先驅（重好落力咁推動）、當時嘅[[廣東省]]公署政務廳廳長[[古應芬]]睇起，將佢推介到瓊州（依家嘅[[海南]]）[[文昌|文昌縣]]做[[知事]]，之後又畀推介到[[英德市|英德縣]]做縣長，但係之後因為同貪污有關而畀人炒。響1928年，佢又一次畀人提拔，做海關監督（相當於今日嘅海關關長），後嚟佢接替做浙江省政府委員。但係後嚟佢辭職返鄉下，開公裕錢莊<ref>{{引網|url=http://lz.book.sohu.com/chapter-9019-110762893.html|title=青年蒋介石：一代枭雄的成长史-搜狐读书-挖掘更好看的阅读-搜狐|date=2016-03-05|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-05-21|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035300/http://lz.book.sohu.com/chapter-9019-110762893.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>。 1936年，蔣介卿響[[武山廟]]睇緊[[大戲]]，聽到[[西安事變]]、同埋細佬蔣中正畀人扣押之後就突然[[中風]]，之後重死埋<ref>{{引網|url=http://hsnews.cnnb.com.cn/system/2011/05/23/010087441.shtml|title=十大名人故居--蒋介卿故居--海曙新闻网|website=hsnews.cnnb.com.cn|access-date=2020-05-21|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305082530/http://hsnews.cnnb.com.cn/system/2011/05/23/010087441.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>。但係佢嘅死到依家都有人懷疑，話佢死得好怪。 佢同細佬蔣中正關係唔係咁好，蔣中正經常講蔣介卿啲唔好嘢。 == 屋企 == 蔣介卿同老婆有個仔叫[[蔣國秉]]，蔣國秉同老婆生一個仔四個女，仔叫孝倫、囡囡分別叫靜娟、志倫、環倫（又叫孝玉）、明倫。蔣國秉響1982年死係[[台灣]]。另外，蔣介卿同[[妾侍]]有一個女叫[[蔣華秀]]，但係佢同老豆蔣介卿、大佬蔣國秉唔同，蔣華秀同叔父蔣中正嘅關係好到不得了，甚至仲親近過一般親生父囡。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} [[Category:蔣中正家族]] 6rhzyq4gyv8eanlsndxk32t7cp508c2 0 231056 2416328 2356476 2026-06-05T01:35:42Z HenryLi 14 修 2416328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} '''中本悠太'''（{{生死|1995年|10月26號}}）係[[日本]]男[[歌手]]。 == 出面網頁 == {{人物拎}} {{Authority control}} [[類:日本男歌手]] {{Singer-stub}} {{Japan-bio-stub}} so9belag3wtpwgx9cijjcxxbhik22dt 0 235009 2416312 1457156 2026-06-05T01:16:36Z HenryLi 14 修 2416312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} ''' 堀秀行 '''，係[[日本]]男[[配音員]]。 ==配音作品一覽== {{expand list}} ==註== {{Expand section}} ==攷== {{portal box|人物|音樂|日本}} {{reflist}} {{japan-bio-stub}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:日本男配音員]] [[Category:日本配音員]] qjysue7tujggn6svqwb0sthegfboc5u 0 235830 2416414 1759394 2026-06-05T03:34:56Z HenryLi 14 修 2416414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據人物明細}} ''' 松山小雪 '''，係[[日本]]女[[演員]]。 ==拍過嘅作品一覽== {{expand list}} *2012年：《幸福三丁目完結篇》 *2015年：《杉原千畝》 *2019年：《AV帝王》（NETFLEX） ==註== {{Expand section}} ==攷== {{portal box|人物|音樂|日本}} {{reflist}} * {{IMDb name|0468746|koyuki}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:日本女演員]] [[Category:日本演員]] {{Japan-actor-stub}} qyq3n7aoczcfry03taxdnmvnydig9u9 0 245496 2416366 2193459 2026-06-05T02:26:40Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yamaha_Audio_Mixer_Board_03.jpg | thumb | right | 混音器]]'''混音'''（{{lang-en|'''mixing'''}}{{原文出處|{{harvnb|課程發展處藝術教育組|2023|p=78}}}}）概念上係指將多個[[聲]]結合成一條或者多條[[聲道 (音響)|聲道]]嘅過程。喺呢個過程當中，用家可以更改啲聲嘅[[響度|大細聲]]、左右位同[[頻率]]等嘅特性。 不過，喺[[音樂製作]]，混音嘅目的係令完成品有均衡、冇瑕疵嘅聲{{sfn|Usarzewicz|2019}}，所以會顧及到其他嘢。例如，流行音樂通常都會用到[[壓縮 (音響)|壓縮]]{{譯名出處|{{harvnb|課程發展處藝術教育組|2023|p=76}}}}；如果完成品係[[管弦樂團]]式嘅錄音，但係原本嘅聲係唔同樂器唔同音軌{{譯名出處|{{harvnb|Yu|2018}}|{{harvnb|課程發展處藝術教育組|2023|p=80}}}}，為咗模擬樂團喺真嘅音樂廳演奏，混音唔單止要調校每條音軌嘅大細聲，仲要調校埋左右位同加適量嘅[[殘響]]{{譯名出處|{{harvnb|課程發展處藝術教育組|2023|p=80}}}}（{{lang|en|reverb}}）等等嘅嘢{{sfn|Usarzewicz|2019}}{{sfn|Westlund|n.d.a}}{{sfn|Westlund|n.d.b}}。 ==參考資料== {{reflist |18rem}} ==註== {{div col|small=yes||18rem}} {{notefoot}} {{div col end}} ==書目== {{div col|small=yes||18rem}} <!-- 15劃 --> * {{cite web |url=https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/tc/curriculum-development/kla/arts-edu/resources/mus-curri/glossary-music-eng-chi-2023.pdf |title=音樂科學與教常用英漢辭彙 |publisher=教育局 |author=課程發展處藝術教育組 |language=en, zh-hk |date=2023年9月 |access-date=2024年7月22號 }} <!-- U --> * {{cite web |url=https://orchestralmusicschool.com/how-to-mix-orchestral-music-for-beginners-part-1/437 |title=How to Mix Orchestral Music for Beginners – Part 1 |author-first=Wojciech |author-last=Usarzewicz |date=August 26, 2019 |access-date=2024年10月6號 }} <!-- W --> * {{cite web |url=http://mattiaswestlund.net/?page_id=254 |title=Orchestral Positioning: Panning |author-first=Mattias |author-last=Westlund |access-date=2024年10月6號 |ref={{harvid|Westlund|n.d.a}} }} * {{cite web |url=http://mattiaswestlund.net/?page_id=440 |title=Orchestral Positioning: Reverb in theory |author-first=Mattias |author-last=Westlund |access-date=2024年10月6號 |ref={{harvid|Westlund|n.d.b}} }} <!-- Y --> * {{cite web |url=https://www.musicvalley.com.hk/article/view/id/1473 |title=混音巴士...?! Mix Bus ! |author-first=Robin |author-last=Yu |date=2018年9月23號 |access-date=2024年10月10號 |language=zh-hk }} {{div col end}} {{stub}} [[Category:聲]] 8miwzf2958yksexknjgqjuoumrk02r7 0 246350 2416323 2162741 2026-06-05T01:25:43Z HenryLi 14 通 2416323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pessach_Pesach_Pascha_Judentum_Ungesaeuert_Seder_datafox.jpg|thumb|逾越節晩餐]] '''逾越節'''（{{jpingauto|jyu4 jyut6 zit3}}；{{lang-he|'''פֶּסַח'''|'''Pesach'''}}；{{Lang-en|'''Passover'''}}）係[[猶太教]][[節日]]，為紀念[[上帝]]救[[以色列人]]，脫離[[古埃及人]]奴役，重獲自由。逾越節喺[[尼散月]]15號夜晚搞<ref> 15號夜晚指日曆寫15號嗰日嘅前一晚嘅六點後，即係日曆寫14號嗰日嘅夜晚六點後。 </ref>。喺以色列搞足七日，以外就搞足八日。 根據《[[出埃及記]]》記載，[[法老]]非常硬頸，所以上帝先要用[[十災]]來對付佢哋，但係出咗九種災害之後，[[法老]]仲係死唔肯俾以色列人離開埃及，係都要佢哋留低做奴隸，於是上帝出第十災，一夜之間將埃及入面所有大仔同第一胎嘅牲畜全部殺嗮，法老先至肯俾以色列人離開。喺殺長子嘅前一日，上帝嘅子民就按照吩咐，將[[羊羔]]血搽喺門框同門楣上面做記號，於是[[天使|使者]]見到門楣上面有[[羊血]]，就唔入去殺屋入面嘅人。 逾越節就係紀念上帝嘅使者越過門楣，救咗佢哋出來，唔使再做奴隸。為咗紀念爾個[[神蹟]]，佢哋食[[逾越節晚餐]]嘅途中會唸完整嘅[[讚美詩篇]]（{{lang|he|הלל שלם}}，{{transl|he|Hallel shalem}}），認為係《以賽亞書》30章29節嘅吩咐<ref name="Grunfeld (2019)">{{cite news |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/judaism/halacha-hashkafa/whole-hallel-half-hallel-no-hallel/2019/05/09/ |title=Whole Hallel, Half Hallel, No Hallel |author-first=Raphael |author-last=Grunfeld |date=2019年5月9號 |language=en-us |access-date=2023年3月14號 }}</ref><ref> 參考{{cite bible|Is|30:29|JPS|postscript=}}<!--作者話28節，其實引咗29節-->。 </ref>，除咗爾篇之外佢哋喺當晚亦都會唸 ｢[[大讚美詩篇]]｣。 逾越節有特別嘅飲食規定，唔准食[[發酵]]過嘅食物。 ===基督教嘅逾越節=== [[基督教|基督宗教]]都有逾越節嘅概念，但係指嘅係[[復活節]]，不過除咗[[天主教]]之外，普遍都唔用呢個名；天主教同[[聖公會]]嘅逾越節特別係指[[聖週四]]黃昏至復活節下晝之間（以猶太人嘅計法即係[[耶穌受難節]]至復活節之間）嘅三日，叫做[[逾越節三日慶典]]。 ==註== {{reflist}} ==拎== {{Commonscat|Passover}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071805/http://www.explorejewish.net/Feast/pesach.htm 探索猶太世界:逾越節] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080328200045/http://judaism.about.com/od/passover/Passover.htm About.com:關於逾越節] [[類:猶太教]] [[類:節]] {{Festival-stub}} 30xxm9q6b1m5cghib3wouesgxtaprk6 3 248299 2416496 1492872 2026-06-05T09:59:43Z ~2026-33525-55 338854 /* Cột Đèn Sân Vườn 365 Chuyên sản xuất đèn sân vườn, đèn LED âm đất và đèn chiếu cây. */ 新小節 2416496 wikitext text/x-wiki Chuyên trang thông tin Tuyển Sinh Số cung cấp thông tin tuyển sinh chính thức từ Bộ GD & ĐT và các trường ĐH – CĐ trên cả nước. 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Nội dung thông tin tuyển sinh của các trường được chúng tôi tập hợp từ các nguồn: – Thông tin từ các website, tài liệu của Bộ GD&ĐT và Tổng Cục Giáo Dục Nghề Nghiệp; – Thông tin từ website của các trường – Thông tin do các trường cung cấp https://tintuctuyensinh.vn/ https://www.turnkeylinux.org/user/1323183 https://wakelet.com/@TintucTuyenSinh194 https://genius.com/TintcTuynSinh# https://www.diigo.com/profile/tintuctuyensinh == Cột Đèn Sân Vườn 365 Chuyên sản xuất đèn sân vườn, đèn LED âm đất và đèn chiếu cây. == Cung cấp đèn đường năng lượng mặt trời và đèn pha LED. Thương hiệu chuyên đèn LED panel và phụ kiện chiếu sáng. Cung cấp đèn âm cầu thang, đèn âm nước và [https://cotdensanvuon365.com/den-nam-san-vuon/ đèn nấm sân vườn], đèn chiếu cây. Đơn vị chuyên đèn sân vườn và trụ đèn chiếu sáng ngoài trời. MXH https://www.instagram.com/cotdensanvuon365com/ https://x.com/densanvuon365 https://web.facebook.com/cotdensanvuon365 https://www.pinterest.com/cotdensanvuon365/ https://sites.google.com/view/cotdensanvuon365 https://www.youtube.com/@CotenSanVuon365 https://sites.google.com/view/cotdensanvuon365 https://maps.google.com/?cid=12440926141739954932 https://groups.google.com/g/cotdensanvuon365/ https://www.threads.com/@cotdensanvuon365com https://anchor.fm/s/10dd58e4c/podcast/rss [[Special:貢獻/&#126;2026-33525-55|&#126;2026-33525-55]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33525-55|傾偈]]) 2026年6月5號 (五) 09:59 (UTC) :https://cotdensanvuon365.com/ [[Special:貢獻/&#126;2026-33525-55|&#126;2026-33525-55]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33525-55|傾偈]]) 2026年6月5號 (五) 10:00 (UTC) ab96gvepnxx3cpf0pa8jgzdk29olbjt 0 251573 2416388 2116742 2026-06-05T02:46:44Z 291292Qe 331011 2416388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{雙拉丁字組合||BT|AS|AU|AT}} '''AT'''，[[拉丁字母]][[串字]]，指： ==字== * 英文 at，喺邊時、邊度之意 ==國== * [[奥地利]]，at，Austria，國代號 * [[.at]]，奥地利網域 ==化學== * [[砹]]，At，Astatine，化學元素符號 ==其他== * [[香港學科測驗]]，Hong Kong Attainment Test {{兩個唔同拉丁字嘅搞清楚}} 4oi1rk4ryvbhpwderr6murqrht5bns8 0 251885 2416434 2364885 2026-06-05T04:14:30Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 臨時節目調動 */ 2416434 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''3 分鐘熱度'''》（{{lang-en|'''3 Mins ENnews'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作{{notetag|name="MakerVille"|2022年4月底前標示[[香港電視娛樂]]製作}}嘅娛樂新聞節目，而家逢禮拜一到五23:55－00:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。節目唔設字幕。 ==主持陣容== *[[文桂琪]]（2020年6月8號到2023年2月） *[[温穎琦]]（2023年2月7號到2025年3月） *[[王心兒]]（2023年2月10號起） *陳詩晴（2023年11月起） *[[朱晉傑]]（2025年1月起） ==播映安排沿革== 節目前身係《[[十五分鐘熱度]]》同《[[十五分鐘熱度|十五分鐘熱度 Plus]]》。2020年頭受[[武漢肺炎香港疫情]]影響，ViuTV一度停播娛樂新聞，到6月8號重新以「3 分鐘熱度」名義復播娛樂新聞，做咗《[[今晚趁熱食]]》嘅其中一個環節{{notetag|類似之前[[亞洲電視]]新聞時段嘅環節《群星情報站》。}}，並由10月26號開始正式分拆成獨立節目，逢禮拜一到五19:55－20:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 隨住10月26號首播嘅《[[娛樂 ON AIR]]》只係播咗三個禮拜就被腰斬，「3 分鐘熱度」重新畀11月16號起接檔嘅《[[轉機 ON AIR]]》納入返做節目環節，唔再獨立播出。接檔《[[轉機 ON AIR]]》嘅《[[囝囝囡囡730]]》亦係同樣嘅安排，都係節目完結前嘅一個環節（例外情況係2021年5月12日至14日就喺19:55播出嘅《ViuTV 5周年電視賞大抽獎》內播出）。由《囝囝囡囡730》第30集開始，「3 分鐘熱度」嘅網上重溫獨立拆返出嚟，會員可以重溫最近半年嘅集數。2022年由5個節目組成嘅《[[MM730]]》系列接檔，繼續沿用上述嘅安排。 2023年起部份專訪足本片段會以《Interviu》嘅名義上載到官方網絡平台及Facebook專頁重溫，同年11月20號開始接檔《[[MM730]]》嘅《[[造星唔造星？]]》播出，「3 分鐘熱度」再次分拆成獨立節目，逢禮拜一到五19:55－20:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 2024年2月12號同13號，因農曆新年關係，「3 分鐘熱度」停播兩日，2月14號起，呢個節目改喺逢禮拜一到五23:55－00:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 2025年4月14號起，呢個節目改喺逢禮拜一到五23:30－23:35喺[[ViuTV]]播。 ==臨時節目調動== *2024年7月29號到8月2號同8月5號到9號，因為原時段直播《[[2024年夏季奧林匹克運動會|巴黎奧運爭勝一夜]]》，所以呢個節目停播。 *2024年8月30號、9月2號到6號同9號，因為原時段播《{{tsl|zh|2024年夏季帕拉林匹克運動會|2024巴黎殘奧速遞}}》，呢個節目順延15分鐘改喺下一日00:10－00:15播。 *2024年12月31號，因為23:30-00:15直播《香港跨年倒數》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年1月1號，因為19:30-00:15轉播《2024年度[[叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年4月28號，因為23:30-00:00播《[[第43屆香港電影金像奬|金像璀璨一夜]]》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年5月30號，因為23:30-00:00播《[[總有一瓣喺左近]]》，呢個節目順延30分鐘改喺下一日00:00-00:05播。 *2025年7月4號，因為23:00-23:55直播《[[有得吹好吹]]》，呢個節目順延25分鐘改喺23:55-00:00播。 *2025年7月31號，因為23:15-23:40播《新聞報道》，呢個節目順延10分鐘改喺23:40-23:45播。 *2025年11月10號到14號同11月17號到20號，因為23:30-00:00播《深宵新聞》，呢個節目順延30分鐘改喺下一日00:00-00:05播。 *2025年11月21號：由於23:05-00:00重播《[[社內相親 (ViuTV)|社內相親]]》第10集，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 *2025年11月26號，因應[[大埔]][[宏福苑大火]]，23:00-06:00插播《新聞報道》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年11月27號同28號，因應[[大埔]][[宏福苑大火]]，本地娛樂節目安排相應暫停，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年12月5號：由於23:05-00:00重播《模範的士 2》第5集，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 *2025年12月31號：由於23:25-00:10直播《[[香港跨年倒數]]》，呢個節目順延40分鐘改喺下一日00:10-00:15播。 *2026年1月1號，由於19:30-00:05轉播《2025年度[[叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，呢個節目順延35分鐘改喺下一日00:05-00:10播。 *2026年6月11號：由於23:30-00:30播《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 世界盃Happy Hour》，呢個節目提早5分鐘改喺23:25-23:30播。 *2025年6月12號：由於23:05-00:00播《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 精彩60分鐘》，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[http://viu.tv/encore/3-mins-enews ViuTV：3 分鐘熱度] [[Category:2020年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2021年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2022年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] 40ztxe6k8fj71c1vy9j98kiw2r2vxd9 2416450 2416434 2026-06-05T04:25:55Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 臨時節目調動 */ 2416450 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''3 分鐘熱度'''》（{{lang-en|'''3 Mins ENnews'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作{{notetag|name="MakerVille"|2022年4月底前標示[[香港電視娛樂]]製作}}嘅娛樂新聞節目，而家逢禮拜一到五23:55－00:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。節目唔設字幕。 ==主持陣容== *[[文桂琪]]（2020年6月8號到2023年2月） *[[温穎琦]]（2023年2月7號到2025年3月） *[[王心兒]]（2023年2月10號起） *陳詩晴（2023年11月起） *[[朱晉傑]]（2025年1月起） ==播映安排沿革== 節目前身係《[[十五分鐘熱度]]》同《[[十五分鐘熱度|十五分鐘熱度 Plus]]》。2020年頭受[[武漢肺炎香港疫情]]影響，ViuTV一度停播娛樂新聞，到6月8號重新以「3 分鐘熱度」名義復播娛樂新聞，做咗《[[今晚趁熱食]]》嘅其中一個環節{{notetag|類似之前[[亞洲電視]]新聞時段嘅環節《群星情報站》。}}，並由10月26號開始正式分拆成獨立節目，逢禮拜一到五19:55－20:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 隨住10月26號首播嘅《[[娛樂 ON AIR]]》只係播咗三個禮拜就被腰斬，「3 分鐘熱度」重新畀11月16號起接檔嘅《[[轉機 ON AIR]]》納入返做節目環節，唔再獨立播出。接檔《[[轉機 ON AIR]]》嘅《[[囝囝囡囡730]]》亦係同樣嘅安排，都係節目完結前嘅一個環節（例外情況係2021年5月12日至14日就喺19:55播出嘅《ViuTV 5周年電視賞大抽獎》內播出）。由《囝囝囡囡730》第30集開始，「3 分鐘熱度」嘅網上重溫獨立拆返出嚟，會員可以重溫最近半年嘅集數。2022年由5個節目組成嘅《[[MM730]]》系列接檔，繼續沿用上述嘅安排。 2023年起部份專訪足本片段會以《Interviu》嘅名義上載到官方網絡平台及Facebook專頁重溫，同年11月20號開始接檔《[[MM730]]》嘅《[[造星唔造星？]]》播出，「3 分鐘熱度」再次分拆成獨立節目，逢禮拜一到五19:55－20:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 2024年2月12號同13號，因農曆新年關係，「3 分鐘熱度」停播兩日，2月14號起，呢個節目改喺逢禮拜一到五23:55－00:00喺[[ViuTV]]播。 2025年4月14號起，呢個節目改喺逢禮拜一到五23:30－23:35喺[[ViuTV]]播。 ==臨時節目調動== *2024年7月29號到8月2號同8月5號到9號，因為原時段直播《[[2024年夏季奧林匹克運動會|巴黎奧運爭勝一夜]]》，所以呢個節目停播。 *2024年8月30號、9月2號到6號同9號，因為原時段播《{{tsl|zh|2024年夏季帕拉林匹克運動會|2024巴黎殘奧速遞}}》，呢個節目順延15分鐘改喺下一日00:10－00:15播。 *2024年12月31號，因為23:30-00:15直播《香港跨年倒數》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年1月1號，因為19:30-00:15轉播《2024年度[[叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年4月28號，因為23:30-00:00播《[[第43屆香港電影金像奬|金像璀璨一夜]]》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年5月30號，因為23:30-00:00播《[[總有一瓣喺左近]]》，呢個節目順延30分鐘改喺下一日00:00-00:05播。 *2025年7月4號，因為23:00-23:55直播《[[有得吹好吹]]》，呢個節目順延25分鐘改喺23:55-00:00播。 *2025年7月31號，因為23:15-23:40播《新聞報道》，呢個節目順延10分鐘改喺23:40-23:45播。 *2025年11月10號到14號同11月17號到20號，因為23:30-00:00播《深宵新聞》，呢個節目順延30分鐘改喺下一日00:00-00:05播。 *2025年11月21號：由於23:05-00:00重播《[[社內相親 (ViuTV)|社內相親]]》第10集，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 *2025年11月26號，因應[[大埔]][[宏福苑大火]]，23:00-06:00插播《新聞報道》，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年11月27號同28號，因應[[大埔]][[宏福苑大火]]，本地娛樂節目安排相應暫停，嗰日暫停播出。 *2025年12月5號：由於23:05-00:00重播《模範的士 2》第5集，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 *2025年12月31號：由於23:25-00:10直播《[[香港跨年倒數]]》，呢個節目順延40分鐘改喺下一日00:10-00:15播。 *2026年1月1號，由於19:30-00:05轉播《2025年度[[叱咤樂壇流行榜頒獎典禮]]》，呢個節目順延35分鐘改喺下一日00:05-00:10播。 *2026年6月11號：由於23:30-00:30播《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 世界盃Happy Hour》，呢個節目提早5分鐘改喺23:25-23:30播。 *2026年6月12號：由於23:05-00:00播《[[2026年FIFA世界盃|FIFA世界盃2026]] 精彩60分鐘》，呢個節目提早30分鐘改喺23:00-23:05播。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[http://viu.tv/encore/3-mins-enews ViuTV：3 分鐘熱度] [[Category:2020年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2021年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2022年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] ckzc3auzqxnh4ji8iaa5i1recwz1jgn 0 253382 2416425 2166267 2026-06-05T03:55:38Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahmoud_Zulfikar,_1968.jpg | thumb | right | 拍片]]'''電影導演'''（{{jpingauto|din6 jing2 dou6 jin2}}）係[[導演]]嘅一種，負責控制住電影嘅藝術性同戲劇性，將劇本可視化，同時負責指導技術人員同演員。電影導演亦都喺揀演員，製作設計同電影創作嘅方面都有住關鍵作用。 {{Authority control}} [[類:電影導演| ]] {{職業楔}} 26aa2p3pk2g4nb3e3ah6lkl1gi497n2 0 253526 2416491 1679224 2026-06-05T09:36:54Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''視錐細胞'''係[[脊椎動物]][[視網膜]][[感光細胞]]嘅一種，主要負責感應[[光]]嘅[[波長]]，令隻[[動物]]能夠分辨[[顏色]]。 [[Category:神經細胞]] {{Cell-biology-stub}} bgl77omvsfko1g2a9tzm3n0arrzkt59 0 253527 2416490 1679223 2026-06-05T09:36:38Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''視桿細胞'''係[[脊椎動物]][[視網膜]][[感光細胞]]嘅一種，敏感度高但感應[[光]][[波長]]嘅能力弱，所以唔能夠分辨[[顏色]]但能夠幫手喺[[黑暗]]當中睇嘢。 [[Category:神經細胞]] {{Cell-biology-stub}} t61n4a8xo1p5ffgrs0xoszqjued3k0u 0 254681 2416380 1527039 2026-06-05T02:36:23Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Electric_arc.jpg | thumb | right | 現象]]'''火索'''係指[[電]]擊穿[[氣體]]而形成嘅條形發光[[電漿|電漿體]]，因形狀似索而得名。狹義嘅火索經常係指[[霅爧]]。 {{stub}} [[Category:電學]] emofixp5qoc5h6w03d7pym5eqx7jgze 0 255038 2416467 1720422 2026-06-05T06:04:51Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_National_Ballet_of_China_(20161211145336).jpg | thumb | right | 大樓]]'''中央芭蕾舞團'''係[[中華人民共和國|中國]]嘅國家級[[芭蕾舞團]]。 [[Category:芭蕾舞團]] {{Ballet-stub}} iym4qy7ztzf0bidxyfsmxkveahxt76d 0 263606 2416291 2416225 2026-06-04T23:01:38Z WikiCantona 1133 {{BLP unsourced}} 2416291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced}}{{藝人 | 姓名 = 張晉雅 | 類型 = 模特兒 | 圖片 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 圖片簡介 = | 原名 = 張嘉怡（Cheung Ka Yi） | 羅馬拼音 = Cheung Chun Nga | 英文名 = Selene Cheung | 其他藝名 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 籍貫 = [[廣東]] | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1994|9|28}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 生肖 = | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 職業 = [[模特兒]] | 語言 = [[普通話]]、[[英文]]、[[粵語]] | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = {{start_date_and_age|2012}} | 代表作 = | 活躍年代 = 2012年到而家 | 經紀公司 = [[種星堂]]<br>[[天下一集團|Cool Style Talent Management Limited]] | 網站 = {{instagram|cheungselene}}<br>{{facebook|cheungselene}} | module = {{Infobox model details | 身高 = 177cm | 體重 = | 鞋碼 = }} }} '''張晉雅'''（{{lang-en|'''Selene Cheung'''}}，{{生死|1994年|9月28號}}），係[[香港]][[女]][[模特兒]]，2021年參加[[ViuTV]]選[[真人騷]]《[[最後一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》而畀人認識。 ==簡歷== 張晉雅於1994年9月28號喺[[香港]]出世。張晉雅2016年以[[模特兒]]身份報名參加[[ViuTV]]選美節目《[[美選D.n.A]]》，但最後入圍唔到廿強，到2021年佢再參加[[ViuTV]]另一[[真人騷]]《[[最後一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》，終於成功入圍，代號「178」，之後更成功晉身總決賽八強。 ==演出作品== ===電視節目（ViuTV）=== *2021年：《[[最後一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》參賽者 *2023年：《[[日本，你真識食？]]》禮儀小姐 ===電視劇（ViuTV）=== *2026年：《[[喜劇開場 (ViuTV)|喜劇開場]]》飾 酒吧店員 Selene ===電影=== *2026年：《[[夜王]]》飾 舞小姐 ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|cheungselene}} *{{facebook|cheungselene}} *{{threads|cheungselene}} [[Category:香港女模特兒]] [[Category:張氏|晉雅]] [[Category:最後一屆口罩小姐選舉參賽者]] slx08aw4ct1ubb8kvzaw49zkjlfa7qx 0 265132 2416472 2292292 2026-06-05T06:15:49Z ~2026-33262-43 338835 /* */ 2416472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox School | name = 中華基督教會燕京書院 | other_name = {{lang|en|The Church of Christ in China Yenching College}} | image = 2023年10月-燕京書院B.jpg | alt = | caption = | motto = 因[[真理]]、得[[自由]]、以[[服務]] | established = {{Start date and age|1977}} | district = [[葵青區]] | type = 津貼男女子文法中學 | language = [[中文]] | religious_affiliation = [[基督教]] | affiliation = [[中華基督教會香港區會]] | president = | principal = 夏麗珠博士 | vice_principal = 梁大輝先生、藍席嬈女士、何仲廉博士 | staff = 62人 | students = 618人（2021年6月） | classes = 24班 | area = 5,580平方米 | address = {{HKG}}[[新界]][[青衣島]][[牙鷹洲|牙鷹洲街]]12號 | website = http://www.yenching.edu.hk }} '''中華基督教會燕京書院'''（'''The Church of Christ in China Yenching College'''）係[[香港]]一間[[津貼學校|津貼]]男女子文法中學，喺[[新界]][[青衣島]]牙鷹洲街12號，由[[中華基督教會香港區會]]喺1977年創校，最初位於深水埗[[蘇屋邨]]，2000年搬到青衣。 ==歷屆行政人員== === 校監 === *汪彼得牧師（1977年-1984年，創校校監） *李清詞牧師（1984年-1985年） *郭乃弘牧師（1985年-1988年） *翁珏光牧師（1988年-1993年） *蘇宗仁博士（1993年） *吳振智牧師（1993年-1994年） *胡丙杰牧師（1995年-1997年） *陸輝牧師（1997年-2003年） *張黃韻瑤博士（2003年-2008年） *李錦昌博士（2008年-2013年） *許俊炎先生（2013年-2019年） *蒲錦昌牧師（2019年起，現任校監） === 校長 === *汪曼華女士（1977年－2008年，創校校長） *譚秉源先生（2008年－2013年5月15日；曾為[[明愛沙田馬登基金中學]]及[[明愛元朗陳震夏中學]]校長） **梁大輝先生（2013年2月16日－5月15日，署理校長） *梁國基先生（2013年5月16日－2016年） *夏麗珠博士（2016年起，現任校長） == 事件 == === 校長譚秉源涉嫌打壓師生政治表達 === 譚秉源喺2008年上任校長，就禁止校內展示六四展板，更加唔准老師提起，但好多老師都唔肯屈服。而去到2012年國教事件，佢甚至出言訓示個別反國教老師，而後來被揭發同佢有不道德關係嘅助理校長陳秀美，更加唔俾學生戴黑絲帶去表達立場<ref>{{Cite news|title=禁師生談六四反國教|date=2013-02-08|work=蘋果日報|url-status=live}}</ref>。 === 學校高層男女關係混亂兼疑利益輸送 === 喺2013年2月，校長[[譚秉源]]被揭發同助理校長[[陳秀美]]同遊日本後回港，又攬腰又錫錫，校內又有人質疑，譚為陳度身訂做助理校長職位，之後去信教育局，亦去廉政公署同中華基督教會舉報<ref>{{Cite news|title=燕京「道德校長」攬女遊埠 被指度身訂做助理校長職位益密友|date=2013-02-08|work=蘋果日報|url-status=live}}</ref>。 2025年10月21日，陳秀美帶同4名教職員強取強閱學生手機程式及數據。2026年5月又多次無故上堂期間搜查不在場學生櫃檯。校方對外宣稱是學生自願的 ==舊生== *[[丁樂鍶]]：香港電視演員 *[[李國永]]：香港社運人士 *[[招重文]]（約1980年代內肄業）：香港足球員同足球教練<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oocities.org/hk/chiuchungman_10/cprofile.htm |title=文仔檔案室 |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher=招重文 |access-date=2021-01-28 |quote=}}</ref> *[[易智遠]]：[[無綫電視]]演員 *[[蕭亮聲]]（約2000年代初畢業）：九龍城區[[嘉道理 (選區)|嘉道理選區]]前議員 *洪亮斌（2004年中七畢業）：該年[[香港高級程度會考|高考]]狀元，現職骨科醫生 *[[石天欣]]（2009年中五畢業）：無綫電視前演員 *[[繆家慶]]（約2000年代尾畢業）：無綫電視演員 *[[王智騫|王智寬]]（2015年中六畢業）：模特兒，外號「翻版[[柯震東]]」 == 參考 == <references /> {{中華基督教會香港區會學校}} [[類:中華基督教會中學]] [[Category:葵青區中學]] [[Category:青衣島]] hrjbf96jax7x7um1zjsdgolt1xfr53l 1 265284 2416241 2412155 2026-06-04T12:44:34Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 za1 2416241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{數學主題|class=未知|importance=極高}} {| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:|yes|small|standard}}-talk" |- |[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|你知唔知|{{#ifeq:|yes|10px|15px}}|]] |'''{{PAGENAME}}'''嘅資訊曾經響[[2021年]][[4月19號]]喺維基百科[[頭版]]嘅'''[[Template:你知唔知|你知唔知？]]'''小節度出現過。{{#if:|呢個項目嘅題字係： *{{{entry}}} }}{{#if:|<nowiki/> 呢個項目嘅記錄可以響[[Wikipedia:你知唔知/舊文/{{{year}}}年]]搵到。 }} |{{#ifeq:|yes||[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|維基百科|right|40px]]}} |} {{ping|Z423x5c6}} 我打算將呢篇變成正文。點？ [[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]] ([[User talk:Dr. Greywolf|傾偈]]) 2026年5月20號 (三) 15:00 (UTC) :{{Ping|Dr. Greywolf}}好啊，加油！ ——[[User:Z423x5c6|<span style="font-family:Old English Text MT">Z423X5C6</span>]]（[[User talk:Z423x5c6|傾偈]]） 2026年5月20號 (三) 15:11 (UTC) {{ping|Z423x5c6}} 基礎概念嗰 part 暫定噉樣，得唔得？ [[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]] ([[User talk:Dr. Greywolf|傾偈]]) 2026年6月4號 (四) 12:44 (UTC) peplq3gmvbppqyrbm0ccgulwrvw2zi8 2416255 2416241 2026-06-04T15:57:31Z Z423x5c6 42683 /* */ 覆 2416255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{數學主題|class=未知|importance=極高}} {| class="messagebox {{#ifeq:|yes|small|standard}}-talk" |- |[[Image:Updated DYK query.svg|你知唔知|{{#ifeq:|yes|10px|15px}}|]] |'''{{PAGENAME}}'''嘅資訊曾經響[[2021年]][[4月19號]]喺維基百科[[頭版]]嘅'''[[Template:你知唔知|你知唔知？]]'''小節度出現過。{{#if:|呢個項目嘅題字係： *{{{entry}}} }}{{#if:|<nowiki/> 呢個項目嘅記錄可以響[[Wikipedia:你知唔知/舊文/{{{year}}}年]]搵到。 }} |{{#ifeq:|yes||[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|維基百科|right|40px]]}} |} {{ping|Z423x5c6}} 我打算將呢篇變成正文。點？ [[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]] ([[User talk:Dr. Greywolf|傾偈]]) 2026年5月20號 (三) 15:00 (UTC) :{{Ping|Dr. Greywolf}}好啊，加油！ ——[[User:Z423x5c6|<span style="font-family:Old English Text MT">Z423X5C6</span>]]（[[User talk:Z423x5c6|傾偈]]） 2026年5月20號 (三) 15:11 (UTC) {{ping|Z423x5c6}} 基礎概念嗰 part 暫定噉樣，得唔得？ [[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]] ([[User talk:Dr. Greywolf|傾偈]]) 2026年6月4號 (四) 12:44 (UTC) :{{Ping|Dr. Greywolf}}我睇睇。 ——[[User:Z423x5c6|<span style="font-family:Old English Text MT">Z423X5C6</span>]]（[[User talk:Z423x5c6|傾偈]]） 2026年6月4號 (四) 15:57 (UTC) eeutvsfj15gmo87dyyyaz5y6ff1nki7 0 266392 2416475 2256692 2026-06-05T08:04:05Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- see Template:Infobox writer --> |圖像 = |圖像大小 = 268×318px |圖像說明 = 木心遺照 |姓名 = 孫璞 |字 = 仰中 |號 = 牧心 |筆名 = 木心 |出生 = {{birth date|1927|2|14}} |出生地點 = {{CHN-1912}}[[浙江省 (中華民國)|浙江省]][[桐鄉市]][[烏鎮鎮|烏鎮]] |逝世 = {{death date and age|2011|12|21|1927|2|14}} |逝世地點 = {{PRC}}[[浙江]][[嘉興]][[桐鄉市]]第一人民醫院 |居處 = |職業 = [[詩人]]<br>[[文學家]]<br>[[畫家]] |國籍 = {{PRC}} |種族 = [[漢族]] |公民權 = |教育程度 = |母校 = [[上海美術專科學校]] |創作時期 = |體裁 = [[詩歌]]、[[散文]]、[[小說]] |主題 = |文學運動 = |代表作 = 《瓊美卡隨想錄》<br />《西班牙三棵樹》<br />《即興判斷》<br />《温莎墓園日記》 |配偶 = |伴侶 = |子女 = |親屬 = |受影響於 = |施影響於 = [[陳丹青]] |獎項 = |官方網 = |簽名 = }} [[File:木心全家_杭州三潭印月_1932左右.jpg | thumb | right | 一家人]] '''木心'''（{{bd|1927年|2月14號|2011年|12月21號}}），原名'''孫璞'''，[[表字|字]]'''仰中'''，[[號 (名)|號]]'''牧心'''，係[[浙江]][[烏鎮]]人，中國畫家、作家同詩人<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-03-10/12119317566.shtml |title=海外作家木心獨家專訪：我不是什麼國學大師 |accessdate=2015-05-04 |archive-date=2015-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003555/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-03-10/12119317566.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>。 == 著作 == * 《散文一集》 * 《會吾中》 * 《馬拉格計劃》 * 《同情中斷錄》 * 《哥倫比亞的倒影》 *《[[瓊美卡隨想錄]]》 *《温莎墓園日記》 *《即興判斷》 *《素履之往》 *《愛默生家的惡客》 *《西班牙三棵樹》 * 《我紛紛的情慾》 *《詩經演》 *《魚麗之宴》 * 《巴瓏》 *《偽所羅門書︰不期然而然的個人成長史》 *《雲雀叫了一整天》 * 《空房》 *《木心畫集》 *《文學回憶錄》 ==參考== {{references}} {{ReflistH}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.wuzhen.com.cn/cn/mr.aspx?id=693|title=木心|publisher=烏鎮旅遊官方網站|access-date=2015-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004054743/http://www.wuzhen.com.cn/cn/mr.aspx?id=693|archive-date=2015-10-04|url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|url=http://book.sohu.com/s2007/muxin07/|title=木心：被遺忘的文學大師|publisher=搜狐讀書|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229062940/http://book.sohu.com/s2007/muxin07/|archivedate=2012-02-29}} * {{cite web|url=http://culture.ifeng.com/whrd/detail_2011_12/21/11472937_0.shtml|title=陳丹青導師木心21日凌晨3點烏鎮逝世 享年84歲|publisher=鳳凰網|date=2011-12-21|accessdate=2011-12-21|archive-date=2011-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221205559/http://culture.ifeng.com/whrd/detail_2011_12/21/11472937_0.shtml|url-status=live}} * {{cite web|url=http://book.ifeng.com/yeneizixun/detail_2011_12/21/11477243_0.shtml|title=木心先生訃告|publisher=鳳凰網|date=2011-12-21|accessdate=2011-12-21|archive-date=2012-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421051922/http://book.ifeng.com/yeneizixun/detail_2011_12/21/11477243_0.shtml|url-status=live}} {{ReflistF}} ==出面網頁== {{wikiquote}} *{{cite web|title=廢墟中的貴族 木心辭世 享年84歲|url=https://tw.mobi.yahoo.com/news/%E5%BB%A2%E5%A2%9F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F-%E6%9C%A8%E5%BF%83%E8%BE%AD%E4%B8%96-%E4%BA%AB%E5%B9%B484%E6%AD%B2-213000291.html|author=中國時報【邱祖胤╱台北報導】|publisher=中時電子報-Yahoo 奇摩新聞|date=2011-12-22|accessdate=2016-09-06|archive-date=2016-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921095811/https://tw.mobi.yahoo.com/news/%E5%BB%A2%E5%A2%9F%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F-%E6%9C%A8%E5%BF%83%E8%BE%AD%E4%B8%96-%E4%BA%AB%E5%B9%B484%E6%AD%B2-213000291.html}} *{{cite web|title=木心：原來你們什麼都不知道啊|url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3e89803f0102ej2k.html|author=蔣方舟|publisher=新周刊|date=2013-02-15|access-date=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215144014/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3e89803f0102ej2k.html|archive-date=2018-02-15|url-status=dead}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:中國作家]] [[Category:中國畫家]] [[Category:中國詩人]] [[Category:浙江人]] [[Category:孫氏]] hw4jwa4veu44q0ld5kf2smefqia9x6z 0 268808 2416331 2260630 2026-06-05T01:37:33Z HenryLi 14 修 2416331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據行星明細}} '''小行星10141'''，係[[小行星]]，喺[[太陽系]][[小行星帶]]，圍住[[太陽]]轉。 == 睇埋 == *[[小行星一覽 (10001-11000)]] {{Asteroid-stub}} {{Minor Planet Number|[[小行星10140]]|[[小行星10142]]}} [[Category:小行星]] {{Authority control}} 6oi4zxg99f4hdcxtkjfxmlwghv5cigu 0 269271 2416329 1625974 2026-06-05T01:36:13Z HenryLi 14 修 2416329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據行星明細}} '''M61 '''（'''Messier 61'''）係[[螺旋星系]]，喺[[室女座]]嗰頭，喺1779年5月5號發現。 ==相== {{#invoke:InfoboxImage |InfoboxImage |image={{#invoke:Wikidata |getImages |P18 |{{{image_main|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}} }} |size={{{image_size|}}} |sizedefault=frameless |alt={{{alt|}}}}} ==睇埋== * [[梅西亞天體]] * [[梅西亞天體一覽]] * [[深空天體]] * [[NGC天體一覽]] ==拎== {{Commons category|Messier 61}} * [http://messier.seds.org/m/m061.html M2,SEDS Messier pages] * [http://gclusters.altervista.org/cluster_4.php?ggc=M+61 M61, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page] * [http://messier.seds.org/Mdes/dm061.html Historic observations of M61] * {{WikiSky}} {{天文楔}} {{梅西亞天體}} {{Portal bar|天文|太空}} [[Category:天體]] [[category:梅西亞天體]] rl71i9xrutlna8rhwc2at39bs9n4lpl 0 280219 2416316 1881983 2026-06-05T01:18:38Z HenryLi 14 修 2416316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{維基數據建築物明細}} [[File:The top of the 150-Foot Solar Tower Observatory on Mt. Wilson.jpg|thumb|威爾遜山天文台]] '''威爾遜山天文台'''（{{Lang-en|'''Mount Wilson Observatory'''}}），係[[美國]]山頂上[[天文台]]，喺[[加州]][[洛杉磯縣]][[威爾遜山]]，1904年起好。佢有一支100吋口徑嘅[[望遠鏡]]，曾經係全世界最大支。 {{Authority control}} [[Category:加利福尼亞州]] [[Category:天文台]] {{美國楔}} 138jh0qux961v5ev78tqvv7r4xcoti2 0 288622 2416352 1930862 2026-06-05T02:11:00Z HenryLi 14 通 2416352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|特務戇J}} {{About|蔡依林專輯|蔡依林嘅歌|特務J (歌)}} {{Infobox album | name = 特務J | type = studio | artist = [[蔡依林]] | cover = | released = {{Start date|2007|9|21}} | genre = [[流行 (音樂類)|流行]] | length = {{Duration|m=42|s=47}} | label = {{Flatlist| * [[金牌大風 (台灣)|百代音樂]] * 天熹娛樂 }} | producer = {{Flatlist| * Lars Quang * Nik Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa * [[阿弟仔]] * [[李偉菘]] * [[林邁可]] * 馬毓芬 * [[薛忠銘]] }} | prev_title = [[夢綺地精選]] | prev_year = 2007 | next_title = [[愛的練習語]] | next_year = 2008 | misc = {{Singles | type = studio | single1 = [[特務J (歌)|特務J]] | single1date = {{Start date|2007|8|29}} }} }} 《'''特務J'''》（{{lang-en|'''Agent J'''}}）係[[臺灣]][[錄音室專輯]]，[[歌手]][[蔡依林]]出第九張，2007年9月21號響[[金牌大風 (台灣)|百代音樂]]同[[天熹娛樂]]發行<ref>{{Cite web|title=蔡依林首次短发惊艳出场 内地发行不做“特务”-搜狐音乐|url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20070918/n252217175.shtml|access-date=2021-07-01|work=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref>。主要[[監製]]有Lars Quang、Nik Quang、Rene Prang、Gabriel Ssezibwa、[[阿弟仔]]、[[李偉菘]]、[[林邁可]]、馬毓芬同埋[[薛忠銘]]，佢響中國大陸以《'''愛情任務'''》名義發售<ref>{{Cite web|title=蔡依林全新大碟《爱情任务》今日上市|url=https://www.163.com/ent/article/3OTL7ODJ000327RF.html|access-date=2021-07-01|date=2007-09-21|last=网易|work=www.163.com|archive-date=2021-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112072640/https://www.163.com/ent/article/3OTL7ODJ000327RF.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>。 == 曲目 == {{Tracklist | headline = 《特務J》{{nobold|——標準版、影音合體華麗特定盤、冠軍連霸影音混搭典藏版、終極慶功特藏版（CD）}} | total_length = 42:47 | title1 = [[特務J (歌)|特務J]] | note1 = Agent J | music1 = 黃晟峰 | lyrics1 = {{Plainlist| * 李宗恩 * [[嚴云農]] * 梁錦興 }} | arranger1 = [[小安|小　安]] | producer1 = [[阿弟仔]] | length1 = 3:35 | title2 = 愛無赦 | note2 = Bravo Lover | music2 = {{Plainlist| * Lina Rafn * Adam Powers * Paw Lagermann }} | lyrics2 = [[陳鎮川]] | arranger2 = 小　安 | producer2 = 阿弟仔 | length2 = 3:53 | title3 = 一個人 | note3 = Alone | music3 = [[黃韻仁]] | lyrics3 = [[管啟源|阿　管]] | arranger3 = 黃韻仁 | producer3 = 馬毓芬 | length3 = 4:39 | title4 = 怕什麼 | note4 = Fear-Free | music4 = [[李偉菘]] | lyrics4 = 鄭淑妃 | arranger4 = [[張瑞成|Terence Teo]] | producer4 = 李偉菘 | length4 = 4:35 | title5 = 桃花源 | note5 = Ideal State | music5 = 張宴菁 | lyrics5 = [[黃俊郎]] | arranger5 = [[鄧志明|Martin Tang]] | producer5 = 李偉菘 | length5 = 3:31 | title6 = 冷·前言 | note6 = Prologue of Tacit Violence | length6 = 0:21 | title7 = 冷·暴力 | note7 = Tacit Violence | music7 = {{Plainlist| * Nik Quang * Thea Hall * Lars Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | lyrics7 = {{Plainlist| * 陳鎮川 * [[蔣承縉|Wonderful]] * 李宗恩 }} | arranger7 = {{Plainlist| * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | producer7 = {{Plainlist| * Lars Quang * Nik Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | length7 = 3:01 | title8 = 非賣品 | note8 = Priceless | music8 = 譚榮健 | lyrics8 = {{Plainlist| * 陳天佑 * [[瑞業|瑞　業]] * 譚榮健 }} | arranger8 = [[林邁可]] | producer8 = 林邁可 | length8 = 4:33 | title9 = 節拍器 | note9 = Metronome | music9 = [[薛忠銘]] | lyrics9 = [[蔡依林]] | arranger9 = [[吳慶隆]] | producer9 = 薛忠銘 | length9 = 4:37 | title10 = 金三角 | note10 = Golden Triangle | music10 = {{Plainlist| * Nik Quang * Lars Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa * Thea Hall }} | lyrics10 = 陳鎮川 | arranger10 = {{Plainlist| * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | producer10 = {{Plainlist| * Lars Quang * Nik Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | length10 = 3:02 | title11 = [[日不落]] | note11 = Sun Will Never Set | music11 = {{Plainlist| * Alexander Bard * Anders Hansson }} | lyrics11 = 崔惟楷 | arranger11 = 林邁可 | producer11 = 林邁可 | length11 = 3:46 | title12 = Let's Move It | music12 = {{Plainlist| * Nik Quang * Lars Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa * Sasia Nielsen * 祝鏘博 }} | lyrics12 = [[旺福|林　白]] | arranger12 = {{Plainlist| * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | producer12 = {{Plainlist| * Lars Quang * Nik Quang * Rene Prang * Gabriel Ssezibwa }} | length12 = 3:14 }} {{Tracklist | headline = 《特務J》{{nobold|——影音合體華麗特定盤（DVD）}} | total_length = 69:44 | title1 = 三部曲音樂電影 | length1 = 69:44 }} {{Tracklist | headline = 《特務J》{{nobold|——冠軍連霸影音混搭典藏版（DVD）}} | extra_column = 混音 | total_length = 56:38 | title1 = 特務J | note1 = MV | length1 = 3:34 | title2 = 愛無赦 | note2 = MV | length2 = 3:52 | title3 = 一個人 | note3 = MV | length3 = 4:37 | title4 = 怕什麼 | note4 = MV | length4 = 6:05 | title5 = 桃花源 | note5 = MV | length5 = 3:31 | title6 = 冷·暴力 | note6 = MV | length6 = 2:59 | title7 = 非賣品 | note7 = MV | length7 = 4:31 | title8 = 節拍器 | note8 = MV | length8 = 4:38 | title9 = 金三角 | note9 = MV | length9 = 3:01 | title10 = 日不落 | note10 = MV | length10 = 3:42 | title11 = 特務J | note11 = 舞蹈版MV | length11 = 3:30 | title12 = 愛無赦 | note12 = 舞蹈版MV | length12 = 3:49 | title13 = 冷·暴力 | note13 = 舞蹈版MV | length13 = 2:59 | title14 = 日不落 | note14 = 舞蹈版MV | length14 = 1:35 | title15 = 愛無赦 | note15 = Super Rave Remix | extra15 = DJ Mario | length15 = 4:15 }} {{Tracklist | headline = 《特務J》{{nobold|——終極慶功特藏版（DVD）}} | total_length = 63:46 | title1 = 慶功演唱會 | note1 = Live | length1 = 60:34 | title2 = Let's Move It | note2 = MV | length2 = 3:12 }} == 人員 == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''曲目 #1''' * [[小安|小　安]]－結他 * [[阿弟仔]]－和聲編寫、和聲 * 蔡依林－和聲 * 陳文駿－錄音師 * [[王俊傑 (混音師)|王俊傑]]－混音師 * [[棉花糖 (組合)|沈聖哲]]－製作助理 '''曲目 #2''' * 小　安－結他 * 阿弟仔－和聲編寫、和聲 * 蔡依林－和聲 * 陳文駿－錄音師 * 王俊傑－混音師 * 沈聖哲－製作助理 '''曲目 #3''' * Bang Wenfu－弦樂編寫 * Jimmy Lee－鼓 * [[黃韻仁]]－貝斯、結他、鍵盤 * 劉云智－第一小提琴 * 程亞威－第一小提琴 * 王大毛－第一小提琴 * 陶　軼－第一小提琴 * 孫　雲－第一小提琴 * 鄭凱林－第二小提琴 * 閔　紅－第二小提琴 * 董智敏－第二小提琴 * 趙白樺－第二小提琴 * 范維斌－中提琴 * 向君怡－中提琴 * 趙　丹－中提琴 * 沈和群－大提琴 * 王　霖－大提琴 * 張　博－大提琴 * 馬毓芬－和聲編寫 * 蔡依林－和聲 * 葉育軒－錄音師 * 陳伯豪－錄音師 * Phillip－錄音師 * 鍾國泰－混音工程師 '''曲目 #4''' * 林淑華－執行製作 * [[張瑞成|Terence Teo]]－弦樂編寫 * 劉云智－第一小提琴 * 劉志勇－第一小提琴 * 陶　軼－第一小提琴 * 李　柯－第一小提琴 * 鄭凱林－第二小提琴 * 閔　紅－第二小提琴 * 張　寧－第二小提琴 * 吳　博－第二小提琴 * 馬顏春－中提琴 * 武文豪－中提琴 * 邵殿龍－中提琴 * 沈和群－大提琴 * 張　博－大提琴 * 劉　曼－大提琴 * [[李偉菘]]－和聲編寫、和聲 * 郝　雷－和聲 * 陳文駿－錄音師 * 陳伯豪－錄音師、混音師 {{col-2}} '''曲目 #5''' * 林淑華－執行製作 * [[鄧志明|Martin Tang]]－結他 * 李偉菘－和聲編寫 * 蔡依林－和聲 * 陳文駿－錄音師 * 陳伯豪－混音師 '''曲目 #7''' * 馬毓芬－配唱製作人 * 蔡依林－和聲 * Nik Quang－錄音師、混音師 * Lars Quang－錄音師、混音師 '''曲目 #8''' * [[林邁可]]－結他、和聲編寫、錄音師、混音師 * 蔡依林－和聲 '''曲目 #9''' * [[吳慶隆]]－弦樂編寫 * 孔朝輝－第一小提琴 * 顧文麗－第一小提琴 * 魏　喆－第一小提琴 * 隋晶晶－第二小提琴 * 尹淑占－第二小提琴 * 水　兵－中提琴 * 關　旗－中提琴 * 王　言－大提琴 * 趙羽兒－大提琴 * 蔡依林－和聲 * 林世龍－錄音師 * 馬怡群－錄音師 * 王俊傑－混音師 * 劉建安－製作助理 '''曲目 #10''' * 馬毓芬－配唱製作人 * 蔡依林－和聲 * Nik Quang－錄音師、混音師 * Lars Quang－錄音師、混音師 '''曲目 #11''' * 林邁可－結他、和聲編寫、錄音師、混音師 * 蔡依林－和聲 '''曲目 #12''' * 馬毓芬－配唱製作人 * 蔡依林－和聲 * Nik Quang－錄音師、混音師 * Lars Quang－錄音師、混音師 '''陳天佑－母帶後期處理製作人''' '''Yasuji Yasman Maeda－母帶後期處理錄音師''' '''Yukie Fuse－母帶後期處理錄音助理''' {{col-end}} == 榜單 == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === 週榜成績 === {| class="wikitable" !排行榜（2007年）<ref>{{Cite web|title=蘋果飆歌榜 蔡依林火力猛攻 橫掃雙冠 ｜ 蘋果新聞網 ｜ 蘋果日報|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/entertainment/20070930/ZZOFQKR7INAYPOS6EC26FQOYXM/|access-date=2021-07-01|work=蘋果新聞網|language=zh-tw}}</ref> !最高排名 |- |臺灣專輯榜（佳佳） | style="text-align: center;" |1 |- |臺灣專輯榜（[[玫瑰大眾唱片|玫瑰大眾]]） | style="text-align: center;" |1 |- |臺灣專輯榜（五大） | style="text-align: center;" |1 |} {{col-2}} === 年榜成績 === {| class="wikitable" !排行榜（2007年） !排名 |- |臺灣專輯榜（玫瑰大眾）<ref>{{Cite web|title=今日我最霸 蔡依林風光封后 星光幫不爽第2 ｜ 蘋果新聞網 ｜ 蘋果日報|url=https://tw.appledaily.com/entertainment/20080112/DWSSJYYH6G63BDXRQ2D5NMSHTM/|access-date=2021-07-01|work=蘋果新聞網|language=zh-tw|archive-date=2021-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112072643/https://tw.appledaily.com/entertainment/20080112/DWSSJYYH6G63BDXRQ2D5NMSHTM/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align: center;" |1 |- |臺灣專輯榜（五大）<ref>{{Cite web|title=蔡依林获颁白金唱片 周杰伦公司:大家应诚实_影音娱乐_新浪网|url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2008-01-05/13381863434.shtml|access-date=2021-07-01|work=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> | style="text-align: center;" |1 |} {{col-end}} == 發行歷史 == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |地區 ! scope="col" |日期 ! scope="col" |格式 ! scope="col" |版本 ! scope="col" |唱片公司 |- ! scope="row" rowspan="4" |臺灣 | rowspan="2" |2007年9月21號 |CD |標準版 | rowspan="4" |{{Flatlist| * [[金牌大風 (台灣)|百代音樂]] * 天熹娛樂 }} |- | rowspan="3" |CD+DVD |影音合體華麗特定盤 |- |2007年10月26號 |冠軍連霸影音混搭典藏版 |- |2007年12月7號 |終極慶功特藏版 |- ! scope="row" rowspan="4" |中國大陸 |2007年9月21號 |{{Flatlist| * CD * 卡帶 }} |標準版 | rowspan="4" |[[金牌大風|步升大風]] |- | rowspan="2" |2007年10月26號 |DVD | rowspan="2" |冠軍連霸影音混搭典藏版 |- |VCD |- |2007年12月7號 |CD+DVD |終極慶功特藏版 |} == 攷 == {{Reflist|30em}} == 出面網頁 == * {{Discogs master|1507220|特務J}} {{蔡依林}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:蔡依林專輯]] [[Category:2007年音樂專輯]] [[Category:臺灣專輯]] [[Category:流行音樂專輯]] hm3qfqfdt74xfmz13pe0lq5yldo5fwd 0 289432 2416512 1733071 2026-06-05T11:18:09Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416512 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agilent1200HPLC.jpg | thumb | right | 機]]'''高效液相色譜法'''（[[英文]]：'''high-performance liquid chromatography'''）係[[色譜法]]嘅一種常見做法。 {{chem-stub}} [[Category:分析化學]] 3gpuwzs7p4ukfqywvys0wqv4uhem0wg 0 289941 2416247 2416128 2026-06-04T13:42:18Z ~2026-33310-55 338759 2416247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|岑樂怡}} {{藝人 | 姓名 = 黃敏蕎 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 羅馬拼音 = Wong Man Kiu | 英文名 = Melody Wong | 圖片 = 黃敏蕎@Tone Music 未來音樂祭-20221001.jpg | 暱稱 = 阿妹 | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 民族 = [[香港人]] | 籍貫 = [[廣東]] | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|2004|10|9}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[普通話]]、[[英文]]、[[粵語]] | 職業 = [[歌手]]、[[演員]] | 母校 = [[播道書院]] | 音樂類型 = [[粵語流行音樂]] | 演奏樂器 = [[結他]]、{{tsl|zh|低音電結他}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e9%98%bf%e5%a6%b9-%e9%bb%83%e6%95%8f%e8%95%8e-lollytalk-%e5%b0%8f%e8%83%8c%e5%bf%83-bass-%e7%b5%90%e4%bb%96-plt5-1470605/|title=20歲阿妹@Lolly Talk著小背心短褲大展才藝 網民錯重點想做阿妹支Bass：承托力幾好|publisher=東方新地|date=2025-02-18|language=zh-hk|accessdate=2025-03-02}}</ref> | 出身地 = {{HK}} | 出道日期 = 2022年7月11號（團體） | 出道作 = 《[[三分甜]]》（團體） | 活躍年代 = 2021年到依家 | 唱片公司 = [[索尼音樂娛樂（香港）|Daymaker Creatives]]（代理發行，2022年到2025年）<br> Trevi Music（2026年至今） | 經紀公司 = Lolly Management（2022年至2025年）<br> Trevi Music（2026年至今） | 網站 = {{instagram|hsiaksueudidi}}<br>[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100083219266221&name=xhp_nt__fb__action__open_user 黃敏蕎嘅Facebook頁] | 相關團體 = [[Lolly Talk]] }} '''黃敏蕎'''（{{lang-en|'''Melody Wong'''}}，{{bd|2004年|10月9號}}），綽號'''阿妹'''，係[[香港]][[歌手|女歌手]]，[[ViuTV]]選秀[[真人騷]]《[[全民造星IV]]》96強參賽者，而家係[[女子組合]][[Lolly Talk]]成員，並以個人身份加盟[[香港環球唱片|Trevi Music]]。<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DYec7SuJbnV/|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=2026-05-31}}</ref> ==簡歷== ===入行前=== 黃敏蕎中學讀[[播道書院]]。 ===2021年：參加《[[全民造星IV]]》=== 黃敏蕎2021年以16歲嘅年紀參加《[[全民造星IV]]》，參賽編號33號。佢喺第一輪比賽被安排一樣係16歲嘅曾業喬（燒賣）互鬥輸咗跌落復活區，最終未有獲復活而淘汰，唔少[[觀眾]]都戥佢唔抵<ref>[https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/703146/ 全民造星IV︱阿妹無緣晉身60強網民嬲爆]</ref><ref>{{引網 |url=https://www.esquirehk.com/people/man-kiu-good-night-show-4 |title=【全民造星4】33號阿妹黃敏蕎 最讓人不值的復活區參賽者 網民：阿妹唔復活我罷睇！ |access-date=2021年12月5號 |archive-date=2022年7月12號 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712224605/https://www.esquirehk.com/people/man-kiu-good-night-show-4 }}</ref>。 ===2021年至2025年：[[女團]][[Lolly Talk]]=== 賽後佢依然有幕前演出<ref>{{Cite web|author=林迅景|last=|date=2022-03-28|title=《造星IV》阿妹黃敏蕎加入網台拍做網紅 網民呻ViuTV走漏眼好蠢|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/752032/%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv-%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E9%BB%83%E6%95%8F%E8%95%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E7%B6%B2%E5%8F%B0%E6%8B%8D%E5%81%9A%E7%B6%B2%E7%B4%85-%E7%B6%B2%E6%B0%91%E5%91%BBviutv%E8%B5%B0%E6%BC%8F%E7%9C%BC%E5%A5%BD%E8%A0%A2|access-date=2023-01-28|website=[[香港01]]|language=|archive-date=2022-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826073953/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/752032/%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv-%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E9%BB%83%E6%95%8F%E8%95%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E7%B6%B2%E5%8F%B0%E6%8B%8D%E5%81%9A%E7%B6%B2%E7%B4%85-%E7%B6%B2%E6%B0%91%E5%91%BBviutv%E8%B5%B0%E6%BC%8F%E7%9C%BC%E5%A5%BD%E8%A0%A2}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=【全民造星IV】網民力捧阿妹繼續為音樂夢進發 Emiko珍惜原創音樂平台 - 香港經濟日報 - TOPick - 娛樂|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3117398|access-date=2023-01-28|website=topick.hket.com|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212131411/https://topick.hket.com/article/3117398}}</ref>，做過[[ViuTV]]節目《[[囝囝女女730]]》嘅嘉賓、廣告[[模特兒]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-08|title=「阿妹」黃敏蕎同柏天男熱愛運動 首合作拍廣告|url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20220108/bkn-20220108092515714-0108_00862_001.html|access-date=2023-01-28|website=on.cc[[東網]]|language=|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208141417/https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20220108/bkn-20220108092515714-0108_00862_001.html}}</ref>、代言人、[[司儀]]等。另外，佢亦獲邀加入由《[[全民造星IV|造星IV]]》參賽者自組組合[[Lolly Talk]]，做咗其中一位成員<ref> {{Cite web|title=《全民造星IV》 造就第三隊女團！Lolly Talk出MV、STRAYZ IG公佈秘密成員|url=https://beautyexchange.com.hk/entertainment/strayz/|access-date=2022-04-15|work=BeautyExchange|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2022-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416205100/https://beautyexchange.com.hk/entertainment/strayz/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=周日話題：女團之路 也是創業旅途|url=https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%89%af%e5%88%8a/article/20230416/s00005/1681578986348/%e5%91%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%a9%b1%e9%a1%8c-%e5%a5%b3%e5%9c%98%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af-%e4%b9%9f%e6%98%af%e5%89%b5%e6%a5%ad%e6%97%85%e9%80%94|access-date=2023-04-16|work=mingpao.com|archive-date=2023-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429233502/https://news.mingpao.com/pns/%e5%89%af%e5%88%8a/article/20230416/s00005/1681578986348/%e5%91%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%a9%b1%e9%a1%8c-%e5%a5%b3%e5%9c%98%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af-%e4%b9%9f%e6%98%af%e5%89%b5%e6%a5%ad%e6%97%85%e9%80%94}}</ref>。[[Lolly Talk]]於2022年7月出道成為[[女團]]，並獲得當年嘅樂壇新人獎項。 2022年3月，黃敏蕎開始參與[[YouTube]]頻道「[[試當真]]」嘅演出，首次合作為短劇《三月的嵐》，對手為電影《[[狂舞派3]]》童星[[劉皓嵐]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2022-03-30|title=試當真｜17歲阿妹黃敏蕎加入 網民大讚演技好自然 {{!}} 最新娛聞|url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e9%98%bf%e5%a6%b9-%e9%bb%83%e6%95%8f%e8%95%8e-%e8%a9%a6%e7%95%b6%e7%9c%9f%e6%96%b0%e5%a5%b3-%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9f4-plt5-506860/|access-date=2023-01-28|website=[[東方新地]]|language=|archive-date=2022-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627185238/https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e9%98%bf%e5%a6%b9-%e9%bb%83%e6%95%8f%e8%95%8e-%e8%a9%a6%e7%95%b6%e7%9c%9f%e6%96%b0%e5%a5%b3-%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9f4-plt5-506860/}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2022-06-28|title=【試當真】2022校花校草選舉正式啟動 羅家英李麗珍校服Look拍片宣傳|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3287701|access-date=2023-01-28|website=[[香港經濟日報]]|archive-date=2022-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816042558/https://topick.hket.com/article/3287701}}</ref>。 2024年9月，黃敏蕎完成一連10場嘅音樂劇《重拾：10分鐘》。<ref>{{cite news |title=《重拾：10分鐘》公演 宣布終極加場 ROVER壓力變動力 |url=https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20240922/1726989644191/%E3%80%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE-10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E3%80%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%BC%94-%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%8A%A0%E5%A0%B4-rover%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B#goog_rewarded |accessdate=2026-04-15 |work=明報 |date=2024-09-22 |archive-date=2025-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321205404/https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20240922/1726989644191/%E3%80%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE-10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E3%80%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%BC%94-%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%8A%A0%E5%A0%B4-rover%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B#goog_rewarded |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===2026年至今：個人發展=== 2026年3月5日，劇團「爆炸戲棚」宣佈黃敏蕎將於4月3日至5日參演《{{tsl|zh|我們的青春日誌}}》角色Nancy嘅外傳獨唱戲《Nancy戀噏Show》，為[[Lolly Talk]]第1位成員參演音樂劇獨唱戲<ref>{{cite news |title=戴祖儀黃敏蕎同演Nancy 挑戰掌握喜劇節奏|url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20260404/bkn-20260404195130527-0404_00862_001.html|work=on.cc東網 |date=2026-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=戴祖儀海兒Carina阿妹首演獨腳戲　化身拍拖KOL |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60337539/nancy%E6%88%80%E5%99%8Fshow-%E6%88%B4%E7%A5%96%E5%84%80%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%92carina%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E9%A6%96%E6%BC%94%E7%8D%A8%E8%85%B3%E6%88%B2-%E5%8C%96%E8%BA%AB%E6%8B%8D%E6%8B%96kol|work=香港01 |date=2026-04-06}}</ref>。由於反應熱烈，3月17日宣布加場。直到首場開始前，黃敏蕎為4位飾演Nancy演員中場次最多（總共6場）同門票銷售表現最好（其中3場門票售罄）<ref>{{cite news |title=專訪丨阿妹談Lolly Talk解散及版權傳聞 Carina嘆女團最難是資源 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60337755/%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA-%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E8%AB%87lolly-talk%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A%E5%82%B3%E8%81%9E-carina%E5%98%86%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98%E6%9C%80%E9%9B%A3%E6%98%AF%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=香港01 |date=2026-04-07 |language=zh-HK}}</ref>。4月8日再次宣布加場，最終共出演8場<ref>{{cite news |title=Nancy戀噏Show│反應熱烈終極加開4場　名人齊撐戴祖儀阿妹教拍拖|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60338250/nancy%E6%88%80%E5%99%8Fshow-%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%86%B1%E7%83%88%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%8A%A0%E9%96%8B4%E5%A0%B4-%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E9%BD%8A%E6%92%90%E6%88%B4%E7%A5%96%E5%84%80%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E6%95%99%E6%8B%8D%E6%8B%96|work=香港01 |date=2026-04-08}}</ref>。 2026年，她以個人身份加盟獨立音樂廠牌Trevi Music。<ref>{{cite web |title=Trevi Music 新成員報到✨ 阿妹 黃敏蕎 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DYec7SuJbnV/ |website=Instagram |accessdate=2026-05-18 |date=2026-05-18}}</ref> == 軼事 == 個人粉絲名稱為「蕎麥麵粉」。<ref>{{cite web |title=聖誕前夕派薑餅，Lolly Talk 阿妹為粉絲帶來溫暖 |url=https://vocus.cc/article/676e32b9fd897800013cda6f |website=vocus |accessdate=2026-03-25 |language=zh-Hant |date=2024-12-27}}</ref> == 音樂作品 == '''{{For2|團體名義的音樂作品|[[Lolly Talk]]}}''' ==演出== {{For|所屬團體'''Lolly Talk'''名義發佈的作品|Lolly Talk#演出作品}} ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2021年：《[[全民造星IV]]》參賽者 *2021年：《[[囝囝女女730]]》第212集嘉賓 ===電視節目（[[HOY 77|HOY TV]]）=== *2024年：《[[尋找喵喵的故事]]》第6集（[[旁白]]）、第13集（嘉賓） ===網上節目=== *2022年：「[[試當真]]」試映劇場《三月的嵐》 * 2022年：「[[JFFT]]」《多人線上桌遊》 * 2022年：「[[試當真]]」試映劇場《[[校花校草2022]]》 * 2022年：「[[試當真]]」試映劇場《Tinder媽媽》 *2022年：「[[Chill Up]]」《合唱挑戰》《估歌仔》 * 2023年：「[[試當真]]」試玩毛《今際之國的有J》 ===[[音樂錄像|MV]]=== *2021年：[[吳倩怡]]《失眠時我會呆望窗外等待你的來電》 *2023年：[[Zarahn]]《如果顏色有感覺》 ===音樂劇=== *2024年：《重拾：10分鐘》　飾　程韻Tata<ref>{{cite news |title=《重拾：10分鐘》宣布加場 Lolly Talk+ROVER超開心 |url=https://www.am730.com.hk/article/490362 |accessdate=2026-04-15 |work=am730 |date=2024-09-22 |language=zh-HK}}</ref> *2026年：《Nancy戀噏Show》　飾　Nancy<ref>{{cite news |title=黃敏蕎@Lolly Talk激瘦亮相 大爆減走十多公斤：唔食垃圾食物 |url=https://www.hk01.com/article/60327827 |accessdate=2026-03-08 |work=香港01 |date=2026-03-05 |language=zh-HK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=《我們的青春日誌》外傳劇場三部曲載譽歸來 星級陣容展現小劇場魅力 |url=https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/15715275-%E3%80%8A%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%8C%E3%80%8B%E5%A4%96%E5%82%B3%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E6%9B%B2%E8%BC%89%E8%AD%BD%E6%AD%B8%E4%BE%86-%E6%98%9F%E7%B4%9A |accessdate=2026-03-08 |work=www.bastillepost.com |date=2026-03-07}}</ref> == 表演、訪問同活動 == {{For2|團體名義嘅表演、訪問同活動|[[Lolly Talk]]}} == 廣告同代言 == {{For|所屬團體'''Lolly Talk'''名義參與嘅品牌代言|Lolly Talk#品牌代言}} {| class="wikitable"style="text-align:left" ! colspan="1" style="background: #fec5e5; color: black; font-weight:bold" |年份 ! colspan="1" style="background: #fec5e5; color: black; font-weight:bold" |品牌 ! colspan="1" style="background: #fec5e5; color: black; font-weight:bold" |內容 ! colspan="1" style="background: #fec5e5; color: black; font-weight:bold" |備註 |- |2023年 | 【[[我推的孩子]]】期間限定店 | 影片同硬照廣告 |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/%E5%8F%88%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%8E%E8%B2%B7-%E6%88%91%E6%8E%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A9%E5%AD%90-%E7%B2%BE%E5%93%81%E4%BF%BE%E9%9A%8A%E5%8F%8B-lolly-talk%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E7%8D%B2%E9%81%8E%E7%99%BEfans%E9%A0%90%E7%A5%9D%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5/402565|title=又一城買《【我推的孩子】》精品俾隊友 Lolly Talk阿妹獲過百fans預祝生日|date=2023-09-28|language=zh-hant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3623711/%E3%80%90Lolly%20Talk%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E3%80%91%E9%BB%83%E6%95%8F%E8%95%8E%E5%88%B0%E3%80%8A%E6%88%91%E6%8E%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A9%E5%AD%90%E3%80%8B%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E5%BA%97%E6%8E%83%E8%B2%A8%E3%80%80%E9%98%BF%E5%A6%B9%E8%88%87%E7%B2%89%E7%B5%B2%E9%A0%90%E5%85%88%E6%85%B6%E7%A5%9D19%E6%AD%B2%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5|title=【Lolly Talk成員】黃敏蕎到《我推的孩子》期間限定店掃貨　阿妹與粉絲預先慶祝19歲生日|date=2023-09-28|language=zh-hant}}</ref> |} ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|hsiaksueudidi}} *{{instagram|wongmankiu_officialfansclub}} *[https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100083219266221&name=xhp_nt__fb__action__open_user 黃敏蕎嘅Facebook頁] *{{threads|hsiaksueudidi}} *{{threads|wongmankiu_officialfansclub}} {{Lolly Talk}} [[Category:Lolly Talk]] [[Category:香港女歌手]] [[Category:香港MV女演員]] [[Category:全民造星IV參賽者]] [[Category:粵語流行音樂歌手]] [[Category:黃氏|敏蕎]] att1ghik8x55hscbmreysaji7fdq4e4 0 292528 2416415 2384608 2026-06-05T03:39:50Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 電視節目（ViuTV） */ 2416415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 王家晴 | 類型 = 女歌手 | 粵拼 = wong4 gaa1 cing4 | 英文名 = Candy Wong | 羅馬拼音 = Wong Ka Ching | 暱稱 = Candy、晴蛙公主、牙糖{{noteTag|1=「糖」係佢英文名「Candy」嘅中文意思「糖果」，佢曾經喺一次Instagram嘅直播中表示認為她嘅擁躉們叫佢「牙糖」，令她覺得好親切。}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|2002|12|19}} | 圖片 = Candy Wong 王家晴 2023-08-04 by am730.png | 圖片簡介 = 2023年，COLLAR成員王家晴接受am730訪問。 | 國籍 = {{HK}} | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 活躍年代 = 2021年到依家 | 唱片公司 = [[大國文化集團|大國文化]]（2022年—） | 經紀公司 = [[香港電視娛樂|ViuTV]]／[[MakerVille]]（2022年—） | 相關團體 = [[COLLAR]]（2022年—） | 出道日期 = 組合：{{start date and age|2022|1|12}} | 出道作品 = 組合：《Call My Name!》 | 職業 = 歌手、藝人、演員 | 音樂類型 = [[粵語流行曲]] | 教育程度 = [[心理學|社會科學學士（心理學）]] | 母校 = [[香港城市大學]]<br>[[香港神託會培基書院]]<br>[[浸信會沙田圍呂明才小學]] | 出道地點 = {{HKG}} | 網站 = {{instagram|candyw1219}} | 親屬 = 一兄 | 演奏樂器 = 鋼琴（八級）、長笛（五級） }} '''王家晴'''（{{lang-en|'''Candy Wong'''}}，{{bd|2002年|12月19號}}）係[[香港]]女歌手同藝人，香港[[女團|女子組合]][[COLLAR]]成員同[[MakerVille]]合約女藝員，2021年ViuTV大型真人騷選秀節目《[[全民造星IV]]》參賽者<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestandnews.com/culture/%E7%89%B9%E5%AF%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F-iv-marf-%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0-%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98%E6%88%90%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B3-%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%96%E9%82%84%E5%8F%AF%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9A%E9%BA%BC|title=【特寫】《全民造星 IV 》Marf 奪冠　港式女團成軍在即　青春性感以外還可有甚麼？|date=2021-12-25|work=立場新聞|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229135416/https://www.thestandnews.com/culture/%E7%89%B9%E5%AF%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F-iv-marf-%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0-%E6%B8%AF%E5%BC%8F%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98%E6%88%90%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B3-%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5%E6%80%A7%E6%84%9F%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%96%E9%82%84%E5%8F%AF%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9A%E9%BA%BC|archive-date=2021-12-29|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>。 == 簡介 == 王家晴喺香港出世，喺[[浸信會沙田圍呂明才小學]]同[[香港神託會培基書院]]畢業。王家晴喺中學時期曾經係女子[[籃球]]隊、[[田徑]]隊同[[排球]]隊成員<ref name="mami">{{cite web|url=https://mamidaily.com/article/154111/collar-collar%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1-collar%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7-gao-sumling-winka-ivy|title=【COLLAR】大勢女團成員學歷逐個睇！　Gao&Sumling皆浸大畢業、Winka中五退學勇追夢|date=2022-01-26|language=zh-hk|accessdate=2022-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spkc.edu.hk/spkc-diary/good-news-from-girls-basketball-team-grade-a/|title=Good news from Girls Basketball Team (Grade A)|date=2018-11-22|publisher=香港神託會培基書院|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128022314/https://www.spkc.edu.hk/spkc-diary/good-news-from-girls-basketball-team-grade-a/|archive-date=2022-01-28|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref>，[[香港中學文憑考試|文憑試]]數學科同經濟科考獲5*佳績<ref name="mami2">{{cite web|url=https://mamidaily.com/article/154111/collar-collar%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1-collar%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7-gao-sumling-winka-ivy|title=【COLLAR】大勢女團成員學歷逐個睇！　Gao&Sumling皆浸大畢業、Winka中五退學勇追夢|date=2022-01-26|language=zh-hk|accessdate=2022-05-11}}</ref>，畢業之後去讀[[香港城市大學]][[心理學|社會科學學士（心理學）]]。<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2/723057/viu-tv%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98-collar-%E6%88%90%E8%BB%8D-%E5%AC%8C%E5%AC%8C%E5%A5%B3candy%E5%8E%9F%E6%98%AF%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%81%A5%E5%B0%87|title=VIU TV全民造星IV女團《COLLAR》成軍　嬌嬌女Candy原是運動健將|last=威|first=廉神|date=2022年1月12號|website=hk01|url-status=live|access-date=2022年1月12號}}</ref> === 參加《全民造星IV》時期 === 王家晴喺2021年6月參加[[ViuTV]]搞嘅真人騷選秀節目《[[全民造星IV]]》<ref>{{引網|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3008276|title=【全民造星IV】4千人報名參加女團選拔 一文盡睇《造星IV》面試者背景【多圖】 - 香港經濟日報 - TOPick - 娛樂|website=topick.hket.com|access-date=2022-02-16}}</ref>，參賽號碼係28。 喺96強前哨戰，王家晴因演唱《紅綠燈》時失準，輸畀對手1號參賽者[[蘇雅琳]]而跌入復活區。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9f4-%e4%bb%99%e6%b0%a3%e5%a5%b3%e7%a5%9e-carmina-plt6-474076/|title=全民造星4｜葉詠詩女女羅洛家順利入圍 Ivy與Candy上演顏值巔峰對決|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105182448/https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9f4-%e4%bb%99%e6%b0%a3%e5%a5%b3%e7%a5%9e-carmina-plt6-474076/|archive-date=2022-01-05|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>之後俾導師[[許廷鏗]]復活並加入佢帶領嘅A組晉身60強。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%9B%E8%81%9E/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F4-3%E5%A6%B9-%E8%B6%99%E5%B1%95%E5%BD%A4-60%E5%BC%B7-plt6-477099/|title=全民造星4｜60強名單出爐！復活結果極重私心 網民狂鬧：依選女團定大媽團|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229055746/https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e5%a8%9b%e8%81%9e/%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9f4-3%e5%a6%b9-%e8%b6%99%e5%b1%95%e5%bd%a4-60%e5%bc%b7-plt6-477099/|archive-date=2021-12-29|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>於60強對決時，同隊員林泳怡、何佩婷、徐嘉蔚、盧芷韻、陳景晴組成一隊，先後演繹自選項目《剎那的烏托邦》同埋指定歌曲《Bang Bang》，之後喺評判評核以0比5大敗畀B1組，但王家晴未被淘汰，並躋身40強。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hk.news.yahoo.com/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F-4-%EF%BD%9C-%E9%99%B3%E8%BC%9D%E9%99%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9-b-1-%E4%BC%BC%E5%A4%9C%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94-a-3-%E6%96%87%E9%9D%92%E7%B3%BB%E5%94%B1%E5%B0%87-emiko%E8%A2%AB%E6%B7%98%E6%B1%B0-094539426.html|title=全民造星4｜ 陳輝陽形容B1似夜總會表演 A3文青系唱將Emiko被淘汰|date=2021-11-24|website=Yahoo 新聞|archive-date=2021-12-29|access-date=2021-12-29}}</ref>喺40強，就同曾善婷、黃詠霖、盧芷韻一組，自選項目係由佢做主角嘅《我好得閒》，然後表演指定歌曲《無忘花》，並獲得呢個回合5位評判一致睇好，擊敗B1組，晉身30強。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20211130/1638287894285/%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv-%E7%88%AD30%E5%BC%B7%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%8B-%E6%A2%81%E7%A5%96%E5%A0%AFb%E7%B5%84%E5%85%88%E8%BC%B8%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%80-hannah%E8%A2%AB%E5%8F%AE%E8%B5%B0|title=造星IV｜爭30強賽事 梁祖堯B組先輸一局 Hannah被叮走 (23:59)|website=明報OL|archive-date=2021-12-29|access-date=2021-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229105731/https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20211130/1638287894285/%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9fiv-%e7%88%ad30%e5%bc%b7%e8%b3%bd%e4%ba%8b-%e6%a2%81%e7%a5%96%e5%a0%afb%e7%b5%84%e5%85%88%e8%bc%b8%e4%b8%80%e5%b1%80-hannah%e8%a2%ab%e5%8f%ae%e8%b5%b0|url-status=dead}}</ref>喺30強比賽，王家晴有份出演《七個小矮人》同埋A組全組出演嘅《無力也請相信》。當中嘅《七個小矮人》雖然得到評判之一嘅余迪偉高度讚揚佢哋能夠喺短短幾分鐘內帶來有質素嘅音樂劇，但結果仍以4比1輸畀呢個回合代表B組嘅許寶恆同埋余嘉熙。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%9B%E8%81%9E/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F4-ika-karen-%E6%AC%A3%E5%AE%9C-plt6-481521/|title=全民造星4｜安希婷失準累Ika被淘汰 欣宜面前表演《七個小矮人》勁尷尬|date=2021-12-09|website=東方新地|url-status=live|archive-date=|access-date=2021-12-09}}</ref> 之後去到25強比賽，A組同B組參賽者被重新分組，王家晴被編入同林暐翹、[[陳泳伽]]、[[葛綽瑤]]同區廷筠一組，導師係男子組合[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]隊長[[梁業]]，演譯《NoBody笨珠》，賽後得到節目監製花姐[[黃慧君]]大讚唱歌技巧有好大進步，並喺完成頭3組比賽後率先以294.4分同另外四名組員晉身總決賽。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20211215/1639498846134/%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9fiv-mirror-error%e6%88%90%e5%93%a1%e5%81%9a%e5%b0%8e%e5%b8%ab-ak%e7%b5%84%e5%a4%b1%e6%ba%96%e6%9a%ab%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%8e%e5%88%86|title=造星IV｜MIRROR ERROR成員做導師 AK組失準暫最低分 (00:30)|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-12-15|access-date=2021-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215001200/https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20211215/1639498846134/%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9fiv-mirror-error%e6%88%90%e5%93%a1%e5%81%9a%e5%b0%8e%e5%b8%ab-ak%e7%b5%84%e5%a4%b1%e6%ba%96%e6%9a%ab%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%8e%e5%88%86}}</ref> 喺2021年12月25號《[[全民造星IV]]》總決賽，王家晴跳唱《收聲多謝》同埋一場跳舞對決<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/716642/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv-%E7%B8%BD%E6%B1%BA%E8%B3%BD-candy%E4%BB%8A%E6%99%9A%E5%94%94%E7%B4%94%E6%83%85-%E8%B7%B3%E5%94%B1-%E6%94%B6%E8%81%B2%E5%A4%9A%E8%AC%9D-%E5%8B%81%E6%9C%89%E5%9E%8B|title=全民造星IV．總決賽︱Candy今晚唔純情　跳唱《收聲多謝》勁有型|author=陳栢宇|date=2021-12-25|work=香港01|access-date=2022-01-01}}</ref>，最終結果係排名第八，但係王家晴嘅整體表現令到[[黃慧君|花姐]]喺接受傳媒訪問嘅時侯表示對王家晴刮目相看，指出「同之前比真係差好遠」。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/news/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/%e5%85%a8%e6%b0%91%e9%80%a0%e6%98%9fiv%ef%bd%9c%e8%8a%b1%e5%a7%90%e5%b0%8dcandy%e5%88%ae%e7%9b%ae%e7%9b%b8%e7%9c%8b-%e6%8f%9a%e8%a8%80%e5%80%9f%e5%a5%b3%e5%9c%98%e9%9e%ad%e7%ad%96mirror-298741|title=全民造星IV｜花姐對Candy刮目相看 揚言借女團鞭策MIRROR|date=2021-12-29|website=am730|archive-date=2021-12-25|access-date=2021-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225182907/https://www.am730.com.hk/news/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv%EF%BD%9C%E8%8A%B1%E5%A7%90%E5%B0%8Dcandy%E5%88%AE%E7%9B%AE%E7%9B%B8%E7%9C%8B-%E6%8F%9A%E8%A8%80%E5%80%9F%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98%E9%9E%AD%E7%AD%96mirror-298741|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===COLLAR時期=== 喺2022年1月12號晚六點半，[[ViuTV]]喺[[香港]][[尖沙嘴|尖沙咀]][[海港城 (香港)|海港城]]海運觀點舉辦嘅「Hold Your Breath」官方記者會中，宣佈女子組合[[COLLAR]]正式出道，王家晴係其中一位成員，亦係全團最年幼嘅成員。<ref>{{引網|url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3151920|title=【全民造星IV】《造星》女團1月12日正式出道 網上直播記招：耀眼新星劃破星空 - 香港經濟日報 - TOPick - 娛樂|website=topick.hket.com|access-date=2022-02-16}}</ref> == 音樂作品 == {{For|所屬團體COLLAR名義參與嘅音樂作品|COLLAR#音樂作品}} ==影視作品== {{For|所屬團體COLLAR名義參與嘅影視作品|COLLAR#影視作品}} <!--根據維基百科社群共識唔好喺非獨立一覽之中寫入人物以非班底身份參與綜藝節目嘅紀錄--> ===電視節目（ViuTV）=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''播映年份''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''節目名''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |2021年||[[全民造星IV]]||參賽者 |- |rowspan="4"|2022年||[[運動勇者塔]]||參賽者 |- |[[Chill Club 推介]]||主持 |- |[[Dr.Any毛]]||第6、15集嘉賓 |- |[[天生食材必有用]]||第10集嘉賓 |- |2023年||[[韓國留學Day Day晴]]||主持 |- |2024年||[[自訂台灣軼晴]]||主持 |- |rowspan="4"|2025年||[[強跑者]]||主持 |- |[[公司逼我打籃球]]||參加者兼任球隊經理人 |- |[[Chat KP]]||第50集嘉賓 |- |[[ROVER 綜藝咁樣樣]]||第15集嘉賓 |- |rowspan="2"|2026年||[[8點直樂 VIURIETY]]||第2、7集嘉賓 |- |[[香港有場世界盃]]||球隊經理人 |} ===電視劇（ViuTV）=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''播映年份''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''劇名''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''角色''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |2023年||[[極度俏郎君]]|| 年輕文女|| |- |2024年||[[無人之境]]||Summer|| |- |2025年||[[社畜再培訓先導計劃]]||凌美悠（成人版）|| |} ===網絡電視節目（Viu Original）=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''上架年份''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''節目名''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |2025年||[[澳門15變]]||第1-3集主持 |} ===電影=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''上畫年份''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''戲名''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''角色''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |2024年||[[邪Mall]]||阿欣||領銜主演 |- |2026年||[[金多寶]]||||特別演出 |} ===舞台劇=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''年份''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''劇名 ''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''角色''' ! style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |2025年||[https://www.art-mate.net/doc/87094?name=%E5%93%88%E5%9B%89%E5%96%82%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4%E3%80%8A%E8%AB%8B%E5%8B%BF%E6%89%93%E6%93%BE%E3%80%8Bx%E3%80%8C%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E5%9C%A8%E7%B7%9A%E3%80%8D%E7%8F%BE%E5%A0%B4%E7%89%88 請勿打擾]||阮小清|| |} === YouTube影片（ViuTV） === {| class="wikitable" !style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |日期 !style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |節目名 !style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |註 |- |2021年12月20號 |《造星拉票の駅！女團綜藝王大決鬥》<ref>{{Citation|title=《造星拉票の駅！女團綜藝王大決鬥》：Ivy So 穎蕎 Ariel Candy Tengie 超酸|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPtqC6yDvmI|accessdate=2021-12-20|language=zh-CN}}</ref> |參賽者/嘉賓 |} === 參與拍攝嘅音樂錄像（MV） === {|class="wikitable" "style="text-align:center" |- !style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''年份'''!!style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''歌曲'''!!style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |'''註''' |- |rowspan="1" align="center"|2021年||《2021夏の次部曲：始発の駅》||《全民造星》主題曲《前傳》<ref>{{Cite web|title=《2021夏の次部曲：始発の駅》|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2thpVqZsKHA|access-date=2021-10-17}}</ref> |- |rowspan="1" align="center"|2022年||《再次PuppyLove》||[[郭嘉駿]]主唱，王家晴係呢個音樂錄像客串演出<ref>{{Cite web|title=《再次PuppyLove》|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVdE5MAzTds|access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|2023年||《Phat N Fresh》||[[梁業]]（Fatboy）主唱，王家晴係呢個音樂錄像客串演出 |- |《說好的未來》||[[陳泳伽]]（Winka）主唱 |} == 品牌代言 == {{For|所屬團體COLLAR名義參與嘅作品|COLLAR#品牌代言}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="1" style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |年份 ! colspan="1" style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |品牌名 ! colspan="1" style="background: #fab1dd; color: Black; " |備註 |- | rowspan="2" |2021年 |Gratus |Gratus AI Skin Snap硬照宣傳<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CXK8zxBAogr/|title=gratus廣告|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> |- | [[可口可樂]]香港 | 硬照宣傳（同[[蘇雅琳]]合作）<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CXvSmkQgVU9/|title=可口可樂廣告宣傳|access-date=2021-12-25}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022年 |Roger Vivier |Vogue Hong Kong 短片宣傳（同蘇雅琳、[[邱彥筒]]、[[許軼]]合作）<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CZMHhNTg4II/|title=Vogue Hong Kong廣告宣傳|access-date=2022-01-26}}</ref> |- |OLAY Hong Kong |短片同硬照宣傳（同蘇雅琳合作） <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cai_zc1JBiU/|title=OLAY Hong Kong 廣告宣傳|date=2022-03-01|access-date=2022-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CaoToK7Jm-L/|title=OLAY Hong Kong 廣告宣傳|date=2022-03-03|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/p/CbXRnwPAQgi/|title=Olay Hong Kong廣告宣傳|date=2022-03-21|website=www.instagram.com|url-status=live|access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref> |- |[[寶礦力水特]] |短片宣傳 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CcHcVMRA8jv/|title=寶礦力水特廣告宣傳|access-date=2022-04-09}}</ref> |} == 軼事 == * 官方擁躉名係叫「晴天蛙蛙」<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20220113/bkn-20220113221020096-0113_00862_001.html|title=COLLAR粉絲叫「粉嶺」？成員Fans團名逐一解構|author=|date=2022-01-13|publisher=on.cc東網|access-date=}}</ref> == 註 == {{noteFoot}} == 參考 == {{reflist|30em}} == 出面網頁 == * {{instagram|candyw1219}} * [https://kingmaker.viu.tv/profile/28/ 全民造星IV Candy王家晴簡介] * [https://www.makerville.hk/talents/CandyWong MakerVille - 王家晴] {{COLLAR}} [[Category:COLLAR]] [[Category:王氏|家晴]] [[Category:ViuTV女藝員]] [[Category:全民造星IV參賽者]] [[Category:香港城市大學舊生]] [[Category:香港神託會培基書院舊生]] [[Category:香港女歌手]] ivlsp4jyg3hxr110w0ef9fpe74oewoe 0 293598 2416444 1762255 2026-06-05T04:20:21Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sgt._Pepper's_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band_album_art.jpg | thumb | right | 封面]]《'''胡椒中士寂寞芳心俱樂部樂隊'''》（{{lang-en|'''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'''}}），係英國搖滾樂隊[[披頭四]]第8隻[[錄音室唱碟]]，1967年5月26號發行，亦被認為係世上頭一隻概念大碟。 {{music-stub}} [[Category:披頭四]] 66pghkhaaqvjq5ckmg3r3z3urnvltef 0 298814 2416311 1806231 2026-06-05T01:16:14Z HenryLi 14 通。修 2416311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hong Kong Road |中文街道名稱 = 鴻福街 |英文街道名稱 = Hung Fook Street |圖片 = Hung Fook Street, To Kwa Wan in February 2022.jpg |圖片說明 = 鴻福街（重建緊） |路段總長度 = |車速限制 = 50 |行車線數量 = 單線單程 |所在地區 = [[九龍]][[土瓜灣]] |起點 = [[土瓜灣道]] |終點 = [[榮光街]] }} '''鴻福街'''（{{jpingauto|hung4 fuk1 gaai1}}；{{lang-en|'''Hung Fook Street'''}}），係[[香港]][[馬路]]，喺[[九龍]][[土瓜灣]]，由[[土瓜灣道]]開始，去到[[榮光街]]。連住土瓜灣道一面，本來打通[[私家路]]，後尾政府收返，變咗做一小段[[行人路]]，車要行[[啓明街]]、[[玉成街]]轉入呢人條街。本來全街[[唐樓]]，[[市區重建局]]重建呢條街，[[長實集團]]以港紙59億奪得鴻福街項目。[[嘉里建設]]以港紙55.878億元奪得鴻福街—[[銀漢街]]項目。 ==史== [[土瓜灣市政大廈暨政府合署]]未起好前，五十年代至八十年代嘅鴻福街、啓明街同玉成街呢頭就係[[土瓜灣街市]]，買餸時間好多人嚟[[趁墟]]，好鬼熱鬧，起好咗之後政府將街市搬咗入市政大廈，條街就慢慢變成殘舊、冷冷清清，唐樓樓底高吸引[[整車房]]搬入嚟做生意，亦成為一條[[劏房]]街<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.storm.mg/article/2207560?page=2|title=西西選文：水手日漸去土，碼頭也有碼頭的命運─土瓜灣道|website=風傳媒|language=zh-tw|access-date=2020-01-26}}</ref>。 ===舊樓重建=== 2016年，市區重建局宣布重建土瓜灣六個重建項目，鴻福街亦有份，所有人同舖頭都要搬走，到2019年9月6日正式刊憲，重建局用土地收回條例，開始正式收樓，仲未搬走嘅都一定要搬走。但係市建局未有安排居民同舖頭到重建完搬返嚟，淨係會[[補水]]同要求佢哋快啲搬走。嗰度嘅舖頭，一係就索性[[執笠]]，一係就要揾地方搬。<ref name="HK01"/> 街上做車房老細話，用咗成年都揾唔啱舖位，其間收到十封律師要求佢快啲搬走，佢對於市建局淨係顧住重建，無好好安置佢哋感到不滿。<ref name="HK01">{{cite_news|url=https://www.hk01.com/18%E5%8D%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/530412/%E5%9C%9F%E7%93%9C%E7%81%A3%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA-%E5%95%86%E6%88%B6%E9%9B%A3%E8%A6%93%E6%96%B0%E8%88%96%E4%BD%8D%E5%BE%A9%E6%A5%AD-%E5%8D%80%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E4%BF%83%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E5%B1%80%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%89%E7%BD%AE|title=【土瓜灣重建】商戶難覓新舖位復業　區議員促市建局協助安置|date=2020-10-01|work=《[[香港01]]》|accessdate=2022-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref> ====重建唐樓停電==== 2020年6月29號夜晚9點40分，鴻福街1號唐樓停電6個鐘，棟樓屬於重建項目，已經係政府物業，但係仲有幾戶仲未搬走，4個鐘後市建局先安排到人過嚟維修，有居民話幾個月內已經試過3次。<ref>{{cite_news|url=https://www.hk01.com/18%E5%8D%80%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/492461/%E5%9C%9F%E7%93%9C%E7%81%A3%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA%E5%94%90%E6%A8%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%81%9C%E9%9B%BB-%E6%9C%AA%E6%90%AC%E8%B5%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%88%B6%E9%A3%BD%E5%8F%97%E7%86%B1%E6%B5%AA6%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82|title=土瓜灣重建唐樓大停電　未搬走住戶飽受熱浪6小時|date=2020-06-30|work=《[[香港01]]》|accessdate=2022-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref> ==曾經喺度== ===鴻福街15號：貴記荳品=== 開業超過60年歷史，製作豆腐、腐乳等，最初喺上環街市，之後喺深水埗界限街，60年代尾搬到鴻福街，一直以傳統明火炒豆漿，因重建決定執笠退休。<ref>{{cite_news|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%88%E9%A1%8C/495685/%E5%9C%9F%E7%93%9C%E7%81%A3%E9%87%8D%E5%BB%BA-%E8%B2%B4%E8%A8%98%E8%8D%B3%E5%93%81%E6%9C%88%E5%BA%95%E7%B5%90%E6%A5%AD-60%E5%B9%B4%E6%98%8E%E7%81%AB%E7%82%92%E8%B1%86%E6%BC%BF%E6%88%90%E7%B5%95%E5%94%B1|title=【土瓜灣重建】貴記荳品月底結業　60年明火炒豆漿成絕唱|date=2020-07-09|work=《[[香港01]]》|accessdate=2022-04-09|url-status=live}}</ref> ===鴻福街16號：土瓜灣故事館 === {{main|土瓜灣故事館}} 前昌興雞鴨 ==攷== {{reflist}} [[Category:土瓜灣街道]] {{HK-trans-stub}} jbkgti7ac9zgzpx1slp3f03nrp80yle 0 299949 2416246 2415279 2026-06-04T13:38:00Z ~2026-33310-55 338759 Trevi Music 是獨立廠牌，不隸屬任何唱片公司。 2416246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 鄭芷淇 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 英文名 = Elka Cheng | 暱稱 = Elka、kaka、鄭紙皮、Kitty | 圖片 = 鄭芷淇@Summer Blossom-2022-08-14.jpg | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 民族 = [[香港人]] | 籍貫 = [[廣東]] | 語言 = [[普通話]]、[[英文]]、[[粵語]] | 職業 = [[歌手]]、[[學生]]、[[演員]] | 教育程度 = [[余振強紀念中學]] (中學畢業) | 出身地 = {{HK}} | 出道日期 = 2022年7月11日（團體）<br>2026年4月22日（個人） | 出道作品 = [[三分甜]]（團體）<br>《未firm》（個人） | 活躍年代 = 2021年開始 | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|2002|10|9}} | 唱片公司 = [[香港環球唱片|Lolly Management]] <br>[[索尼音樂娛樂（香港）|Daymaker Creatives]]（代理發行，2022年至2025年）<br>Trevi Music（2026年至今） | 經紀公司 = Lolly Management（2022年至2025年）<br>Trevi Music（2026年至今） | 相關團體 = [[Lolly Talk]] | 網站 = {{instagram|10.09.c}}<br>[https://m.youtube.com/@elkachengchikei 鄭芷淇嘅YouTube頻道] }} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = 鄭芷淇 | nationality = {{CNHK}} | occupation = [[歌手]]、[[演員]] | channel_url = UCzjg0a_0Ma6z37hAMv5qVZg | channel_display_name = ELKA CHENG 鄭芷淇 | years_active = 2021年6月至今 | subscribers = 2.96K | subscriber_date = 10-4-2026 | stats_update = 10-4-2026 }} '''鄭芷淇'''（{{lang-en|'''Elka Cheng'''}}，{{bd|2002年|10月9號}}）係[[香港]][[女歌手]]，2021年參與[[ViuTV]]舉辦嘅[[真人騷]]選秀《[[全民造星IV]]》，60強止步後同《[[全民造星IV]]》中嘅A2組參加者自組組合[[Lolly Talk]]，成為創始成員之一。現今為[[香港環球唱片|Trevi Music]]旗下[[歌手]]。 ==簡歷== ===入行前：參加選秀節目=== 鄭芷淇本身係位[[學生]]，佢曾就讀[[余振強紀念中學]]。<ref>{{cite web |title=【女團】Lolly Talk成員學歷大公開！Sinnie港大畢業！Tania&Ah Yo皆傳統名校畢業！ - Knowdable 教育商店 |url=https://www.knowdable.com/blog/%E5%A5%B3%E5%9C%98lolly-talk%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B-sinnie%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A2%E6%A5%AD-tania-ah-yo%E7%9A%86%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%A1/ |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2024-04-13}}</ref>。喺2021年參與[[ViuTV]]《[[全民造星IV]]》之前，亦參加[[英皇娛樂]]網上[[真人騷]]「冤枉新秀訓練營」，於Stage 3被淘汰<ref>{{cite news |title=英皇搞真人騷「冤枉新秀訓練營」 冠軍將會受公司重金力捧 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/637712/%E8%8B%B1%E7%9A%87%E6%90%9E%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA%E9%A8%B7-%E5%86%A4%E6%9E%89%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%80%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%87%9F-%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D%E5%B0%87%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%97%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%8A%9B%E6%8D%A7 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=香港01 |date=2021-06-13 |language=zh-HK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=冤枉新秀訓練營搵祖兒軒仔任評判 訓練生被七師傅狠批似女優 {{!}} 最新娛聞 |url=https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%9B%E8%81%9E/%E5%86%A4%E6%9E%89%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%80%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%87%9F-%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92-%E5%BC%B5%E6%95%AC%E8%BB%92-%E4%B8%83%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%85-plt-442675/ |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=東方新地 |date=2021-06-15 |language=zh-Hant-HK |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411045434/https://www.orientalsunday.hk/%E6%9C%80%E6%96%B0%E5%A8%9B%E8%81%9E/%E5%86%A4%E6%9E%89%E6%96%B0%E7%A7%80%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%87%9F-%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92-%E5%BC%B5%E6%95%AC%E8%BB%92-%E4%B8%83%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%85-plt-442675/ }}</ref>。 2021年，參與[[ViuTV]]嘅[[真人騷]]選秀《[[全民造星IV]]》，60強止步。<ref>{{cite news |title=造星IV｜兩組鬥跳MIRROR《BOSS》獲讚 A2組Elka被淘汰 (23:18) - 20211125 - SHOWBIZ - 明報OL網 |url=https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20211125/1637852848498/%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9Fiv-%E5%85%A9%E7%B5%84%E9%AC%A5%E8%B7%B3mirror%E3%80%8Aboss%E3%80%8B%E7%8D%B2%E8%AE%9A-a2%E7%B5%84elka%E8%A2%AB%E6%B7%98%E6%B1%B0 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=明報OL網 |date=2021-11-25 |language=zh-hant}}</ref> === 2021-2025年：[[女團]][[Lolly Talk]] === 2022年，她與其他[[ViuTV]]《[[全民造星IV]]》參賽者組成女子組合 [[Lolly Talk]]<ref>{{cite news |author1=楊詠珊 |title=【6月封面故事】Lolly Talk：八個女生一團火 |url=https://ubeauty.com.hk/girlstalk/celebrity/20011347/6%E6%9C%88%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-lolly-talk-%E5%85%AB%E5%80%8B%E5%A5%B3%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%98%E7%81%AB |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=uBeauty |date=2023-06-09}}</ref>。 2022年8月，佢推出為文憑試放榜生打氣嘅歌曲《衝の伴》。<ref>{{cite news |title=【JUPAS放榜】Elka@Lolly Talk為考生打氣 《全民造星》落選不放棄追夢 |url=https://topick.hket.com/article/3323420/%E3%80%90JUPAS%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C%E3%80%91Elka-Lolly%20Talk%E7%82%BA%E8%80%83%E7%94%9F%E6%89%93%E6%B0%A3%E3%80%80%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F%E3%80%8B%E8%90%BD%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8D%E6%94%BE%E6%A3%84%E8%BF%BD%E5%A4%A2 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=香港經濟日報HKET |date=2022-08-09 |language=zh-Hant |archive-date=2022-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810023129/https://topick.hket.com/article/3323420/%E3%80%90JUPAS%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C%E3%80%91Elka-Lolly%20Talk%E7%82%BA%E8%80%83%E7%94%9F%E6%89%93%E6%B0%A3%E3%80%80%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9F%E3%80%8B%E8%90%BD%E9%81%B8%E4%B8%8D%E6%94%BE%E6%A3%84%E8%BF%BD%E5%A4%A2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kelly Online｜JUPAS放榜在即 Lolly Talk成員Elka指MV為DSE生打氣 |url=https://www.stheadline.com/article/3127071/Kelly-OnlineJUPAS%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B3-Lolly-Talk%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1Elka%E6%8C%87MV%E7%82%BADSE%E7%94%9F%E6%89%93%E6%B0%A3 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=星島頭條 |date=2022-08-09 |language=zh-HK}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=JUPAS放榜在即 Elka@Lolly Talk錄新歌為DSE考生打氣 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/801897/jupas%E6%94%BE%E6%A6%9C%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B3-elka-lolly-talk%E9%8C%84%E6%96%B0%E6%AD%8C%E7%82%BAdse%E8%80%83%E7%94%9F%E6%89%93%E6%B0%A3#google_vignette |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=香港01 |date=2022-08-09 |language=zh-HK}}</ref> 2024年9月，佢完成一連10場嘅音樂劇《重拾：10分鐘》。 2025年8月，佢以個人身份擔任好友[[張天穎]]演唱會嘉賓。<ref>{{cite news |title=張天穎Jaime生日開唱獲圈中好友撐場 爆笑收禮「兩粒音比堅尼」 |url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%9C%BE%E6%A8%82%E8%BF%B7/60269834/%E5%BC%B5%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%8Ejaime%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5%E9%96%8B%E5%94%B1%E7%8D%B2%E5%9C%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%A5%BD%E5%8F%8B%E6%92%90%E5%A0%B4-%E7%88%86%E7%AC%91%E6%94%B6%E7%A6%AE-%E5%85%A9%E7%B2%92%E9%9F%B3%E6%AF%94%E5%A0%85%E5%B0%BC |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=香港01 |date=2025-08-25 |language=zh-HK}}</ref> === 2026年至今：個人發展 === 2026年，她以個人身份加盟環球唱片旗下全新音樂廠牌[[香港環球唱片|Trevi Music]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Trevi Music又再迎來一位新成員 —— elka 鄭芷淇 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DW6XkS5CVXI/ |website=Trevi Music Instagram |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2026-04-09}}</ref>，展開 Solo 歌手的全新企劃；並於2026年4月22日推出首支個人單曲《未firm》。 == 軼事 == * 個人粉絲名稱為「夾心糖」。<ref>{{cite web |title=從《10＋1》簽唱會看 Lolly Talk 作為有溫度的女團 |url=https://vocus.cc/article/671cfc31fd89780001b0e5b9 |website=vocus |accessdate=2026-04-10 |language=zh-Hant |date=2024-10-26}}</ref> ==演出== {{For|所屬團體'''Lolly Talk'''名義發佈的作品|Lolly Talk#演出作品}} ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== * 2021年：《[[全民造星IV]]》14號參賽者 * 2022年：《[[囝囝女女730]]》第232集嘉賓 === 網上節目 === * 2021年：《冤枉新秀訓練營》參賽者 * 2022年：「[[JFFT]]」《多人線上桌遊》<ref>{{cite web |title=[JFFLIVE]多人線上桌遊(FT.ELKA+牙妹) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tm2UaPhBLZE |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2022-04-07}}</ref> * 2024年：「[[試當真]]」《試爆實驗室》<ref>{{cite web |title=《試爆實驗室》摸黑屙夜尿準繩度測試｜Elka Yanny Ernest｜試當真 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlCTyXFzwTo |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2024-04-22}}</ref> * 2025年：「歡樂馬介休」《馬介休綜藝》<ref>{{cite news |title=一秒估歌女團參戰💃近期流行‼️Elka:「斟五青汁要嗌停🤢」Weng:「Gap汁勞力爽！」｜馬介休｜估歌/廣東歌/即興/遊戲/音樂/燒腦 一秒估歌-近期流行 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKHG0OOeflA |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2025-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=新俄羅斯練膽大法-咩叫恐懼⁉️剃鬚膏轟炸機 Elka：「好X驚啊」😭 ｜馬介休｜ |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxmnHoM33KQ |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2025-08-29}}</ref> *2025年：《老Best大癲遊》沖繩篇<ref>{{cite news |title=Elka孖隊友Yanny遊沖繩 獻出多個第1次 |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/entertainment/20250801/bkn-20250801141323052-0801_00862_001.html |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=on.cc東網 |date=2025-08-01 |language=zh-hk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AirAsia「老Best大癲遊」：阿正& Lolly Talk首次喜細飛 |url=https://newsroom.airasia.com/news/airasia-djs-video3-tc#gsc.tab=0 |website=AirAsia Newsroom |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2025-08-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=特輯：《老Best大癲遊》沖繩篇｜ Yanny@Lolly Talk & Elka@Lolly Talk 浴衣祈福打卡｜砂邊潛水初體驗｜沖繩美食團 ｜美麗海水族館睇鯨鯊 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJfOPDuZAyY |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2025-07-31}}</ref> * 2025年：「[[試當真]]」《墨魚遊戲2》<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oVKKD4ehcc |title=試玩毛《墨魚遊戲2》100人全明星大亂鬥｜試當真 |date=2025-10-16 |last=試當真Trial & Error |access-date=2026-04-17 |via=YouTube |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017170039/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oVKKD4ehcc }}</ref> ===音樂劇=== *2024年：《重拾：10分鐘》 飾 Agency 16777<ref>{{cite news |title=《重拾10分鐘》蝦碌連連 亨仔被公認最「論盡」 |url=https://www.stheadline.com/daily-entertainment/3387143/%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E8%9D%A6%E7%A2%8C%E9%80%A3%E9%80%A3-%E4%BA%A8%E4%BB%94%E8%A2%AB%E5%85%AC%E8%AA%8D%E6%9C%80%E8%AB%96%E7%9B%A1 |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=星島頭條 |date=2024-09-29 |language=zh-HK |archive-date=2026-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260417070634/https://www.stheadline.com/daily-entertainment/3387143/%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E8%9D%A6%E7%A2%8C%E9%80%A3%E9%80%A3-%E4%BA%A8%E4%BB%94%E8%A2%AB%E5%85%AC%E8%AA%8D%E6%9C%80%E8%AB%96%E7%9B%A1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=《重拾：10分鐘》公演 宣布終極加場 ROVER壓力變動力 |url=https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20240922/1726989644191/%E3%80%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE-10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E3%80%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%BC%94-%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%8A%A0%E5%A0%B4-rover%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B |accessdate=2026-04-10 |work=明報 |date=2024-09-22 |archive-date=2025-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321205404/https://ol.mingpao.com/ldy/showbiz/latest/20240922/1726989644191/%E3%80%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%8B%BE-10%E5%88%86%E9%90%98%E3%80%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%BC%94-%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E7%B5%82%E6%A5%B5%E5%8A%A0%E5%A0%B4-rover%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E8%AE%8A%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B }}</ref> === [[音樂錄像|MV]] === *2024年：冰島 David Mak《試爆》（[[試當真]]《試爆實驗室》主題曲）<ref>{{Citation|title=冰島 David Mak《試爆》 （試當真《試爆實驗室》主題曲）(Official MV)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kcvpg6F926s|accessdate=2024-02-14|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=私家專訪 - 冰島DAVIDMAK：冰島實驗之試爆 // 最想係呢度試到爆 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gPzI1HRED8 |publisher=C Plus Music |accessdate=2026-04-10 |date=2025-03-26}}</ref> == 音樂作品 == {{For|所屬團體'''Lolly Talk'''名義發佈的作品|Lolly Talk#音樂作品}} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;font-size:small;width:100%" |- style="background:#fec5e5; color:black;font-weight:bold;text-align:center" |width="10%"|推出日期||width="15%"|曲目||width="12%"|作曲||width="12%"|填詞||width="12%"|編曲||width="12%"|監製||width="18%"|備註 |- !colspan="7" <small>;text-align:center|'''2022年''' |- |8月8號 ||衝の伴||colspan="2"| Siugwai@[[ToNick]] || Siugwai@[[ToNick]]／Senhei@[[ToNick]]／James Wu／Kudos Lam || Siugwai@[[ToNick]]／Senhei@[[ToNick]] || 夠薑蔥 2022年DSE 打氣曲<ref>{{Citation|title=【夠薑與你衝衝衝 衝下去🏃‍♂️🏃‍♀️《衝の伴》MV終於衝到喇🔥】|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHVORF8Y7As|accessdate=2023-12-18|language=en}}</ref> |- !colspan="7" <small>;text-align:center|'''2026年''' |- |4月22號 ||未firm||Dessy／[[hirsk]]|| {{tsl|zh|雷暐樂}} || [[hirsk]]／Laurence Lo／Dessy／Shuon Tsai || [[hirsk]] || 首支個人派台歌曲 |} === 派台歌曲成績 === {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" |- ! style="background: #fec5e5; color: black" colspan="8" |'''派台歌曲成績（五台）''' |- | width="180"| 唱片 || width="160"| 歌曲 || width="50"| [[903專業推介|903]] || width="50"| [[歷年中文歌曲龍虎榜冠軍歌曲|RTHK]] || width="50"| [[新城勁爆流行榜|997]] || width="50"| [[勁歌金榜|TVB]] ||width="50"| [[Chill Club 推介榜|ViuTV]] || width="300" | 備註 |- !style="background: #fec5e5; color: black;" colspan="8" | '''2026年''' |- | || 未firm<ref>{{Cite web |title=elka 鄭芷淇 - 未firm |url=https://www.my903.com/article/6443/elka%20%E9%84%AD%E8%8A%B7%E6%B7%87%20-%20%E6%9C%AAfirm |website=my903.com |date=2026-04-23 |language=zh-hk |url-status=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260423115223/https://www.my903.com/article/6443/elka%20%E9%84%AD%E8%8A%B7%E6%B7%87%20-%20%E6%9C%AAfirm |archive-date=2026-04-23 |access-date=2026-04-23 }}</ref> || 13*<ref>{{Cite web |title=903專業推介 2026年 第二十一周 |url=https://www.my903.com/article/6562/ |website=my903.com |date=2026-05-23 |language=zh-hk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523050148/https://www.my903.com/article/6562/|archive-date=2026-05-23 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> || 13<ref>{{Cite web |title=香港電台第二台 中文歌曲龍虎榜：2/5/2026-8/5/2026 |url=https://www.rthk.hk/radio/radio2/programme/chinesepopchart/episode/1096160|website=香港電台 |date=2026-05-02 |language=zh-hk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260502062906/https://www.rthk.hk/radio/radio2/programme/chinesepopchart/episode/1096160 |archive-date=2026-05-02 |access-date=2026-05-02}}</ref> || - || × || - || 首支個人派台歌曲 |} {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" |- ! colspan="6" style="background: #fec5e5; color: black" | '''各台冠軍歌總數（五台）''' |- | width="50"| [[903專業推介|903]] || width="50"| [[歷年中文歌曲龍虎榜冠軍歌曲|RTHK]] || width="50"| [[新城勁爆流行榜|997]] || width="50"| [[勁歌金榜|TVB]] || width="50"| [[Chill Club 推介榜|ViuTV]] || width="260"| 備註 |- | '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''||'''0''' || '''五台冠軍歌總數：0''' |} *（*）上榜中 *（-）未能上榜 *（×）沒有派往該台 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|10.09.c}} *{{Instagram|elkacheng_officialfanclub}} *{{threads|10.09.c}} *{{threads|elkacheng_officialfanclub}} *[https://m.youtube.com/@elkachengchikei 鄭芷淇嘅YouTube頻道] {{Lolly Talk}} {{環球唱片歌手}} [[Category:香港女歌手]] [[Category:香港女性YouTuber]] [[Category:鄭氏|芷淇]] [[Category:全民造星IV參賽者]] [[Category:Lolly Talk]] lyhrxl3ehqqu1rnu51n1o91b94ajmze 0 302779 2416371 2042960 2026-06-05T02:30:41Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Змагання_в_важкій_вазі.jpg | thumb | right | 場景]]'''昆蟲相撲'''係指攞啲[[昆蟲]]要佢哋打交。用途通常係啲人攞嚟做[[娛樂]]嘅。 [[兜蟲]]（尤其係[[獨角仙]]）成日俾人攞嚟玩昆蟲相撲。 {{Animal-stub}} [[Category:昆蟲]] e0dittogsrk1l2cftyxrhbfdydz10a6 0 307130 2416502 2415350 2026-06-05T10:25:47Z ~2026-33297-92 338860 刪除所有未有消息來源、未經證實及帶有誤導性嘅消息 2416502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 陳雅雯 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 圖片 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 圖片簡介 = | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Nga Man | 英文名 = Carman Chan | 花名 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 民族 = [[香港人]] | 籍貫 = [[廣東]] | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|2000|11|11}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 生肖 = [[龍]] | 星座 = [[天蠍座]] | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 職業 = [[模特兒]]、[[演員]]、[[節目主持]] | 語言 = [[普通話]]、[[英文]]、[[粵語]]、[[潮州話]]{{Cn}} | 血型 = | 身高 = 163cm | 教育程度 = 表演科系 | 母校 = [[東華三院黃鳳翎中學]]<br>[[香港伍倫貢學院]] | 出道地點 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到而家 | 經紀公司 = [[邵氏兄弟]]（2025年到而家） | 代表作品 = | 網站 = {{instagram|carmanxchan}}<br>{{facebook|carmanxchan}}<br>[https://m.youtube.com/@carmanxchan 陳雅雯嘅YouTube頻道] }} '''陳雅雯'''（{{lang-en|'''Carman Chan'''}}，{{生死|2000年|11月11號}}）係[[香港]]女[[模特兒]]同[[演員]]，2022年參加[[ViuTV]][[真人騷]]《[[尾二一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》，現為[[邵氏兄弟]]合約女[[藝員]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.shawbrothers.hk/zh-hk/artists/show/carman|title=邵氏兄弟國際影業有限公司 - Carman Chan 陳雅雯 }}</ref>。 ==簡歷== 陳雅雯喺香港出世，2022年參加[[ViuTV]][[真人騷]]《[[尾二一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hk01.com/article/811749?|date=2022-09-06|publisher=香港01|access-date=2025-08-11|title=陳雅雯低調退出Summer Girls　轉選尾二一屆口罩小姐可惜20不入}}</ref>。於2025年加盟[[邵氏兄弟]]成為旗下[[藝人]]，確定參演風華背後同參與該劇嘅開鏡儀式。<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/15185394-%E9%A2%A8%E8%8F%AF%E8%83%8C%E5%BE%8C%EF%BD%9C%E6%B1%AA%E6%98%8E%E8%8D%83%E7%9B%BC%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E8%88%8A%E6%8B%8D%E6%AA%94%E6%93%A6%E7%81%AB%E8%8A%B1-%E5%AD%96%E6%9C%B1%E8%8C%B5-%E8%94%A1%E5%B0%91 |title=《風華背後》汪明荃相隔11年再拍劇 超強陣容再升級！包括金像獎最佳男配角 |work=[[巴士的報]] |date=2025-08-15}}</ref> ==演出作品== ===[[電視節目]]（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2022年：《[[尾二一屆口罩小姐選舉]]》參賽者 ===電視劇=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! 上映時間 !! 電視劇名稱 !! 飾演角色 !! 合作演員 |- | 拍攝中 || 風華背後 || || [[汪明荃]]、[[蔡少芬]]、[[朱茵]]、[[姜大衛]]、[[黃宗澤]]、[[譚俊彥]]、[[蘇麗珊]] |} ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|carmanxchan}} *{{facebook|carmanxchan}} *[https://m.youtube.com/@carmanxchan 陳雅雯嘅YouTube頻道] *{{threads|carmanxchan}} [[Category:香港女模特兒]] [[Category:陳氏|雅雯]] [[Category:工展小姐]] [[Category:尾二一屆口罩小姐選舉參賽者]] [[Category:Summer Girls 2022參賽者]] 8s5s66i9hry63suuc12xvu7r8hg9s02 0 308822 2416327 2132178 2026-06-05T01:35:01Z HenryLi 14 通 2416327 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''澳洲管理雜誌'''》（{{lang-en|Australian Journal of Management}}）係[[澳洲]][[學術期刊]]，喺1976年創立嘅，主要講有關工商[[管理學]]題材，大約四個月出版一次。份期刊嘅所有出版都係經過[[同儕互評|同行評審]]，而主要學科有[[會計]]、應用[[經濟學]]、[[金融]]、[[勞資關係]]、[[政治學]]、[[心理學]]、[[統計學]]等等。份期刊依家係由 Sage Publications 同[[澳洲商學院]]一齊出版。 == 出面網站 == * [https://journals.sagepub.com/home/aum 官方網站] [[類:學術期刊]] 7foxepon81a2wi4ysg4jg42dy2pzyp5 0 309911 2416436 2407207 2026-06-05T04:15:28Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女歌手 | 姓名 = 楊雅餘 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Yeung Nga Yu | 英文名 = Uka Yeung | 綽號 = | 其他藝名 = 楊倬翹 | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1988|8|5}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = 香港知專設計學院數碼音樂及媒體科系、台北科技大學流行音樂糸 | 演奏樂器 = 流行聲樂、木吉他、電吉他、鋼琴 | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|ukayeung}} | 獎 = }} '''楊雅餘'''（{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Nga Yu'''}}，{{bd|1988年|8月5號}}<ref>{{cite news |title=楊雅餘 Uka |url=http://thevoice.tvb.com/2014/contestant/uka |accessdate=2026-05-03 |work=[[無綫電視]] |date=2014-09-21 }}</ref>，原名'''楊倬翹'''，{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Cheuk Kiu'''}}）係香港女歌手，2019年出道。佢2014年參加過[[無綫電視]]歌唱選秀節目《[[超級巨聲4]]》。 == 歌曲 == ===2018年=== *《飄泊之樂》 *《皺眉頭》 *《偏偏》 *《實在的奢望》 ===2019年=== *《遺憾美》 ===2022年=== *《子夜漫遊》 == 演出 == ===電視節目（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2014年：《{{tsl|zh|超級巨聲4}}》參賽者 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *{{instagram|ukayeung}} [[Category:香港女歌手]] [[Category:楊氏|倬翹]] [[Category:超級巨聲4參賽者]] {{香港藝人楔}} 26kcx1s3zee1kqulde0qvc84jbeehfb 2416439 2416436 2026-06-05T04:17:10Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女歌手 | 姓名 = 楊雅餘 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Yeung Nga Yu | 英文名 = Uka Yeung | 綽號 = | 其他藝名 = 楊倬翹 | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1988|8|5}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = 香港知專設計學院數碼音樂及媒體科系、台北科技大學流行音樂糸 | 演奏樂器 = 流行聲樂、木吉他、電吉他、鋼琴 | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = [[天作創意有限公司|Daymaker Creatives]]（2019年－2021年） | imdb = | 網站 = {{facebook|ukayeung}}<br>{{instagram|ukayeung}} | 獎 = }} '''楊雅餘'''（{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Nga Yu'''}}，{{bd|1988年|8月5號}}<ref>{{cite news |title=楊雅餘 Uka |url=http://thevoice.tvb.com/2014/contestant/uka |accessdate=2026-05-03 |work=[[無綫電視]] |date=2014-09-21 }}</ref>，原名'''楊倬翹'''，{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Cheuk Kiu'''}}）係香港女歌手，2019年出道。佢2014年參加過[[無綫電視]]歌唱選秀節目《[[超級巨聲4]]》。 == 歌曲 == ===2018年=== *《飄泊之樂》 *《皺眉頭》 *《偏偏》 *《實在的奢望》 ===2019年=== *《遺憾美》 ===2022年=== *《子夜漫遊》 == 演出 == ===電視節目（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2014年：《{{tsl|zh|超級巨聲4}}》參賽者 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *{{facebook|ukayeung}} *{{instagram|ukayeung}} [[Category:香港女歌手]] [[Category:楊氏|倬翹]] [[Category:超級巨聲4參賽者]] {{香港藝人楔}} 52z83l6g3r4anje0hzz1n3tnp7keclr 2416440 2416439 2026-06-05T04:18:14Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女歌手 | 姓名 = 楊雅餘 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Yeung Nga Yu | 英文名 = Uka Yeung | 綽號 = | 其他藝名 = 楊倬翹 | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1988|8|5}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[客家話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = 香港知專設計學院數碼音樂及媒體科系、台北科技大學流行音樂糸 | 演奏樂器 = 流行聲樂、木吉他、電吉他、鋼琴 | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = 黃昏六點半 | 經紀公司 = [[天作創意有限公司|Daymaker Creatives]]（2019年－2021年） | imdb = | 網站 = {{facebook|ukayeung}}<br>{{instagram|ukayeung}} | 獎 = }} '''楊雅餘'''（{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Nga Yu'''}}，{{bd|1988年|8月5號}}<ref>{{cite news |title=楊雅餘 Uka |url=http://thevoice.tvb.com/2014/contestant/uka |accessdate=2026-05-03 |work=[[無綫電視]] |date=2014-09-21 }}</ref>，原名'''楊倬翹'''，{{lang-en|'''Uka Yeung Cheuk Kiu'''}}）係香港女歌手，2019年出道。佢2014年參加過[[無綫電視]]歌唱選秀節目《[[超級巨聲4]]》。 == 歌曲 == ===2018年=== *《飄泊之樂》 *《皺眉頭》 *《偏偏》 *《實在的奢望》 ===2019年=== *《遺憾美》 ===2022年=== *《子夜漫遊》 == 演出 == ===電視節目（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2014年：《{{tsl|zh|超級巨聲4}}》參賽者 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *{{facebook|ukayeung}} *{{instagram|ukayeung}} [[Category:香港女歌手]] [[Category:楊氏|倬翹]] [[Category:超級巨聲4參賽者]] {{香港藝人楔}} ofl3apppoce9b3zngx4l17k5bb0mjnl 0 310634 2416454 2333956 2026-06-05T04:29:09Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mario_Odyssey_booth_(35312204533).jpg | thumb | right | 攤位]]'''超級瑪利奧奧德修記'''（{{lang-en|'''Super Mario Odyssey'''}}）係由[[任天堂]]喺2017年發行嘅一隻[[任天堂Switch]]嘅3D[[平台遊戲]]<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/game/96127/super-mario-odyssey/ Super Mario Odyssey]，MobyGames</ref>。本作係繼2002年[[超級馬利奧陽光]]以來15年嚟再一次運用箱庭世界，而唔係線性嘅玩法。 ==玩法== {{see also|搜集拉松}} ==情節== {{see also|奧德修記}} 隻遊戲個[[故仔]]講到[[馬利奧]]一度畀[[龍王 (孖寶兄弟)|龍王]]打低，同馬利奧相愛嘅[[碧姬公主]]畀龍王迫婚，馬利奧經歷漫長冒險，坐住架[[飛行機械|飛船]]途經無數咁多個王國，遇上各種危險，最後打低龍王得以同碧姬公主團聚。 ==參考== <references/> ==睇埋== *[[馬利奧系列]] *[[奧德修記]] ==出面網頁== *{{Official|https://www.nintendo.co.jp/switch/aaaca/index.html}} *[https://mario.fandom.com/wiki/Super_Mario_Odyssey 瑪利奧維基超級瑪利奧奧德修記] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgHDIUxR23E 超級瑪利奧奧德修記影片] [[Category:馬利奧系列]] [[Category:任天堂Switch遊戲]] sbulpgm5avgdy82vb2ou7huv5z1evcp 0 314140 2416483 2409389 2026-06-05T08:55:50Z ~2026-33367-76 338847 2416483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 新聞主播 | 姓名 = 李澤浩 | 圖片 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 圖片簡介 = | 英文名 = Keith Li | 羅馬拼音 = Li Chak Ho | 暱稱 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 出生日期 = 1997年 | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 父母 = | 身高 = | 三圍 = | 體重 = | 教育程度 = [[香港恒生大學]]新聞同傳播系學士 | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 職業 = 新聞主播 | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 代表作 = | 活躍年代 = 2019年至今 | 經紀公司 = [[無綫電視]]（2022年到而家） | 網站 = }} {{BLP unsourced}} {{Notability}} '''李澤浩'''（{{lang-en|'''Keith Li Chak Ho'''}}，{{bd|1997年}}{{Cn}}）係[[香港]]新聞從業員，而家{{When}}係[[無綫電視]][[無綫新聞台]]主播。 [[Category:無綫電視新聞報導員]] [[Category:前有線新聞報導員]] [[Category:香港新聞報導員]] [[Category:香港恒生大學舊生]] lrt81vtbz7at2sz2yzeyzg84lkwm1sd 0 314614 2416494 2330322 2026-06-05T09:43:54Z ~2026-32731-16 338456 2416494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Staircase perspective.jpg|thumb|用透視法畫[[樓梯]]]] '''透視投影'''（{{jpingauto|tau3 si6 tau4 jing2}}），喺[[視覺藝術|視藝]]叫'''透視法'''，係[[二維]]視藝講到嘅概念，運用[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念創造出望落立體嘅[[影像]]。透視投影喺數理上算係[[3D 投影|三維投影]]嘅一種。 透視投影運用咗[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念，將三維物體畫做二維圖像嗰陣，會[[想像]]啲物體射[[直線]]去消失點嗰度，而且畫嗰時會專登將想像中離[[鏡頭]]遠嘅物體[[foreshortening|畫得短啲細啲]]，從而將啲物體畫到令睇嘅人產生[[景深錯覺]]。呢點响[[畫畫]]等嘅[[視藝]]以至[[建築設計]]等嘅[[設計]]領域上，都好有用<ref name="myran">[https://myranaito.medium.com/the-importance-of-perspective-in-art-8cfb292effe The Importance of Perspective in Art]. ''Medium''.</ref><ref name="britpers">[https://www.britannica.com/art/perspective-art perspective]. ''Encylcopedia Britannica''.</ref>。而[[電腦圖像]]嘅設計亦有機會用到。 現代意義上嘅透視投影源自十五世紀，[[文藝復興時期]]嘅[[意大利]]，好多視藝界人士視之為[[藝術史]]上嘅重要[[創新]]：文藝復興打前嘅畫作好多時唔興用透視投影，而透視投影嘅採用，被指係令到[[西洋畫]]達致極高真實度嘅其中一個主因<ref>Gärtner, Peter (1998). ''Brunelleschi'' (in French). Cologne: Konemann. p. 23.</ref>。 透視投影會用到[[三維空間]]同[[角度]]等嘅基礎[[幾何學|幾何知識]]。 ==基礎== [[File:Elaborazione-prospettica.jpg|thumb|[[景深感知]]：是但搵個健全嘅大人，佢應該會有能力理解，相入面條[[柱]]喺條[[樓梯]]前面－但呢幅相查實只係二維影像。]] {{main|3D 投影|景深感知}} {{see also|平行投影}} 首先，思考[[景深感知]]<ref group="英">depth perception</ref>嘅概念。 齋靠日常觀察已經可知，人有能力將[[二維]]嘅[[圖像]]睇做[[三維空間]]。例如有個正常健康嘅大人望住幅[[相]]，佢會有能力正確講出相入便咁多件物件，邊件比較近鏡頭邊件比較遠－原則上，好似相噉嘅二維圖像理應冇咩景深可言，但望住幅相嘅人嘅[[視覺系統]]，即係[[人腦]]專處理[[視覺]]資訊嗰忽，將幅二維圖像睇做三維空間，做到對圖像入面嘅物件'''離鏡頭幾遠'''作出判斷。呢種[[感知功能]]就係所謂嘅景深感知<ref>Howard, Ian (2012). ''Perceiving in Depth''. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref>。 好多實用工作上都會想用二維圖像表示三維空間，因而會用到景深嘅概念，好似係 *[[畫畫]]等嘅[[視覺藝術]]：好多[[畫作]]都係表達三維嘅空間<ref>[https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-mediums/learn-to-draw-perspective/ The Beginning Artist's Guide to Perspective Drawing]. ''Artist Network''.</ref>； *[[建築設計]]：[[畫則師]]同設計緊嗰棟[[建築物]]畫[[圖則]]嗰陣，會想用二維嘅圖像表達建築物呢種三維物件<ref>[https://www.domestika.org/en/blog/7394-what-is-architectural-perspective-and-how-do-i-use-it-in-drawing What Is Architectural Perspective, and How Do I Use It in Drawing?].</ref>； 透視投影就係圖像工作上嘅一套技巧，建基於[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念，令望住幅二維圖像嘅人產生[[景深錯覺]]<ref group="英">illusion of depth</ref>－個腦不自覺噉對圖入面啲物件'''離鏡頭幾遠'''做出判斷<ref name="britpers"/>。 ==分類== {{main|消失點}} {{see also|地平線}} 要用透視投影整圖像，首先要指定[[消失點]]<ref group="英">vanishing point</ref>嘅數量同每粒消失點嘅位置：想像下面嗰幅相，幅相係喺 2014 年[[美國]][[賓夕凡尼亞州]]一角影到嘅，相入面影到[[火車軌]]，兩條軌係[[平行]]嘅，而平行嘅線理應係永遠都唔會相交嘅<ref group="註">暫時唔思考呢笪[[空間]]係咪跟[[歐氏幾何]]住。</ref>，但由幅相度睇，望落彷彿好似兩條軌會喺其中一點相交噉，而<ref name="myran"/><ref name="britpers"/>－ {{Cquote|喺 3D 空間度平行嘅線望落（由幅 2D 圖像望落）相交嘅[[點 (幾何)|點]]}} 正正就係所謂嘅消失點<ref>Rother, C. (2002). A new approach to vanishing point detection in architectural environments. ''Image and Vision Computing'', 20(9-10), 647-655.</ref>。消失點好影響到睇嘢嗰個人點樣判斷幅圖入面嘅三維空間，而事實係啲人將透視圖分類嗰時，就係用'''消失點有幾多粒'''嚟分嘅，而且唔同消失點數量做到嘅效果都唔同。整圖像嘅人可以思考睇嘢嘅人<ref group="註">喺想像中嗰笪三維空間當中</ref>企邊，從而決定要揀邊種透視方法。 <br> [[File:Railroad in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.JPG|center|330px]] ===一點透視=== {{anchor|一點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖得一粒消失點。 啲人實際整圖嗰陣，通常會由畫緊嘅物件射啲直線落消失點度，而如果件物件唔係好似建築物噉四四方方嘅，畫畫人可以（例如）喺件物件周圍畫個[[方柱]]形嘅框包住件物件，再由個框度射啲直線去消失點度<ref group="註">噉即係話透視投影啲射線彼此之間實係'''唔成平行'''嘅，呢點係透視投影同[[平行投影]]嘅最大分別－喺平行投影當中，由件物體射出嚟嘅線係彼此之間'''成平行'''嘅。</ref>。好似係下面幅圖噉，幅圖畫緊嘅係一列[[拱]]， *黑線畫緊件物件； *{{font color|red|紅線}}畫緊「由物件射去消失點嘅線」，而啲{{font color|red|紅線}}相交嗰點就係消失點； *{{font color|blue|藍線}}畫嘅係[[地平線]]； <br> [[File:1ptPerspective.svg|center|450px]] <br> 响廿一世紀初，好多[[繪圖軟件]]仲會（例如）索性自動噉幫畫畫人畫埋圍住物件嘅方框以及由方框射去消失點度嘅線，畫完隻軟件仲曉自動清走啲方框同線<ref name="myran"/>。 一般認為用得一點透視，通常係想做到一個效果，彷彿好似睇嘢嗰個人企正喺件物件前面，由件物件正面望住件物件噉<ref name="huen6">Huenniger, D. (2019). ''Blender 3D Content Creation Noob to Pro''. en.wikibooks.org. '''Ch. 6''' "Perspective Views".</ref>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="一點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:Perspectivephoto.jpg File:Inside Greenwich Foot Tunnel.jpg File:One point perspective.jpg File:Finnish national road 4 Vierumäki.jpg File:HK Hung Hum Station Corridor.jpg File:Tuileries Rivoli Perspective.jpg File:Perspective-1point.svg </gallery> </center> ===二點透視=== {{see also|全景圖}} {{anchor|二點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖有兩粒消失點。好似下圖噉（黑線畫物件、{{font color|red|紅線}}同{{font color|green|綠線}}畫射線、{{font color|blue|藍線}}畫[[地平線]]）： <br> [[File:2-punktperspektive.png|center|500px]] <br> 一般認為，會用二點透視，通常係想令幅圖望落好似睇嘢嗰個人唔係企喺物件正面，而係面向住件物件嘅其中一條邊（想像件物件大致成方柱形），件物件大致喺個人嘅[[眼]]咁高<ref name="huen6"/>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="二點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:College Street (9268126660).jpg File:Church Cottage at Boreham, Essex, England 2.jpg File:Harrington's hardware shop Broadstairs Kent England - inspiration for the 'Four Candles' Two Ronnies sketch 02.jpg File:Big Dam Film Festival Logo.jpg File:Perspective-2point.svg </gallery> </center> ===三點透視=== {{see also|鳥瞰圖}} {{anchor|三點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖有三粒消失點。好似下圖噉，唔同色嘅線分別畫緊射去各消失點度嘅射線： <br> [[File:3-punktperspektive 1.svg|center|500px]] <br> 呢種做法好多時會用嚟強調啲物件嘅[[高度]]，件物件明顯低過或者高過睇嘢嗰個人對眼，譬如係想做到一個效果，好似睇嘢嘅人企咗喺一棟好高嘅[[摩天大廈]]前面向上望噉<ref name="huen6"/>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="三點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:Perspectiva-com-3-pontos-de-fuga.jpg File:South tower of the Notre Dame.jpg File:ויקיפדיה אוהבת אתרי מורשת 2014 - תל אביב - בית ברלין פסובסקי או בית התאומים (15).JPG File:The Whitaker, Rawtenstall, formerly Rossendale Museum, Lancashire, England 2008.jpg File:Perspective-3point.svg </gallery> </center> ==前縮透視== {{anchor|Foreshortening}}{{anchor|前縮透視}} '''前縮透視'''<ref group="英">foreshortening</ref>係透視投影上嘅技巧，特登將某啲畫緊嘅物件畫得短啲，嚟強調件物件嘅三維特質。舉個具體例子，好似係十五世紀[[蛋彩畫]]名作《[[Cristo morto|基督之死]]》噉<ref name="foresho">[https://www.britannica.com/art/foreshortening foreshortening]. ''Encylcopedia Britannica''.</ref>。呢幅畫描繪死咗嘅[[耶穌]]：畫入面嘅耶穌瞓咗喺度，[[腳板]]向住睇嘢嘅人；由圖入面睇得出，畫畫人特登將耶穌嘅身體畫得短啲，而'''唔係'''將幅二維圖像入面嘅耶穌畫到同想像中嘅耶穌身體一樣咁長－如果幅畫係將耶穌身體畫到同實際長度一樣咁長，望落就會比較似係由正上方望耶穌身體噉。 亦都有人指出，畫畫人將耶穌嘅腳板畫得稍為長咗啲，同時耶穌個頭畫得稍為細咗啲－假設第啲因素不變，近嘅物件望落會長啲闊啲，遠嘅物件望落會冇咁長冇咁闊，所以個[[畫家]]嘅做法更加能夠突顯同耶穌兩隻腳板比起嚟，耶穌個頭離鏡頭遠啲。 <br> [[File:The dead Christ and three mourners, by Andrea Mantegna.jpg|thumb|480px|center|<center>15 世紀[[蛋彩]]名作《[[Cristo morto]]》</center>]] ==睇埋== *[[平行投影]]<ref group="英">parallel projection</ref>：可以話係透視投影嘅相對；好似[[正投影圖]]等嘅平行投影方法能夠技術化噉展示物件嘅樣，但成日俾人批評話佢產生嘅圖像唔夠真實唔夠[[靚|好睇]]，而相比之下，透視投影就能夠達致景深，因而認為係能夠創造更有[[美感]]嘅圖像。有工作者用[[住屋]]做例子－想像要起住屋，如果要畫[[圖則]]等嘅[[工程圖]]俾[[建築工人]]睇，要用平行投影噉嘅圖，但起好之後想向人 sell<!--seu1--> 間屋嗰陣，[[廣告]]就要用透視投影噉嘅圖，先夠好睇<ref name="huen6"/>。 *[[浮繪]]（[[和製漢字]]作'''浮絵'''，而[[日羅]]係 Uki-e）：18 世紀嗰陣出現嘅一類[[浮世繪]]；當時嘅[[日本人]]模仿[[西洋畫]]嘅透視投影技巧，最後創出浮繪，不過截至廿一世紀初，呢種畫並冇取得咩重大嘅成功<ref>Hockley, Allen (2006). ''Public Spectacles, Personal Pleasures: four centuries of Japanese prints from a Cincinnati collection''. Cincinnati: Cincinnati Art Museum.</ref>。 <br> {{Gallery |title = |width = 450 |height = 300 |align=center |File:Kuninao Act Four Shidamme.jpg|<center>1820 年一幅[[浮繪]]作品</center>}} *[[寫實主義]] *[[圖則]] *[[建築設計]] *[[切開圖解]] *[[拍攝角度]] *[[電腦圖像]] ==註釋== {{reflist|group=註|2}} ==引述== {{reflist|2}} ==英詞== {{reflist|group=英|2}} ==拎== {{Commonscat|Perspective drawings|透視投影}} {{Commons|Evolution of Perspective|透視投影嘅演變}} *{{en}} [https://www.britannica.com/art/perspective-art 透視投影]，[[不列顛百科全書]] *{{en}} [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/perspective-projection-and-its-types/ 透視投影同埋透視投影啲種類]，GeeksForGeeks *{{en}} [https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-mediums/learn-to-draw-perspective/ 畀藝術初哥睇嘅透視投影講解]，Artist Network {{3D 投影}} [[Category:視覺藝術]] [[Category:畫畫]] 6t99va0xlpbdcog7mkp1ibwdquou93q 2416495 2416494 2026-06-05T09:53:38Z Dr. Greywolf 143999 反轉[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32731-16|~2026-32731-16]]（[[User talk:~2026-32731-16|傾偈]]）嘅編輯，返去[[User:Dr. Greywolf|Dr. Greywolf]]嘅最後版本。 2330322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Staircase perspective.jpg|thumb|用透視法畫[[樓梯]]]] '''透視投影'''（{{jpingauto|tau3 si6 tau4 jing2}}；{{lang-en|perspective}}），喺[[視覺藝術|視藝]]叫'''透視法'''，係[[二維]]視藝講到嘅概念，運用[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念創造出望落立體嘅[[影像]]。透視投影喺數理上算係[[3D 投影|三維投影]]嘅一種。 透視投影運用咗[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念，將三維物體畫做二維圖像嗰陣，會[[想像]]啲物體射[[直線]]去消失點嗰度，而且畫嗰時會專登將想像中離[[鏡頭]]遠嘅物體[[foreshortening|畫得短啲細啲]]，從而將啲物體畫到令睇嘅人產生[[景深錯覺]]。呢點响[[畫畫]]等嘅[[視藝]]以至[[建築設計]]等嘅[[設計]]領域上，都好有用<ref name="myran">[https://myranaito.medium.com/the-importance-of-perspective-in-art-8cfb292effe The Importance of Perspective in Art]. ''Medium''.</ref><ref name="britpers">[https://www.britannica.com/art/perspective-art perspective]. ''Encylcopedia Britannica''.</ref>。而[[電腦圖像]]嘅設計亦有機會用到。 現代意義上嘅透視投影源自十五世紀，[[文藝復興時期]]嘅[[意大利]]，好多視藝界人士視之為[[藝術史]]上嘅重要[[創新]]：文藝復興打前嘅畫作好多時唔興用透視投影，而透視投影嘅採用，被指係令到[[西洋畫]]達致極高真實度嘅其中一個主因<ref>Gärtner, Peter (1998). ''Brunelleschi'' (in French). Cologne: Konemann. p. 23.</ref>。 透視投影會用到[[三維空間]]同[[角度]]等嘅基礎[[幾何學|幾何知識]]。 ==基礎== [[File:Elaborazione-prospettica.jpg|thumb|[[景深感知]]：是但搵個健全嘅大人，佢應該會有能力理解，相入面條[[柱]]喺條[[樓梯]]前面－但呢幅相查實只係二維影像。]] {{main|3D 投影|景深感知}} {{see also|平行投影}} 首先，思考[[景深感知]]<ref group="英">depth perception</ref>嘅概念。 齋靠日常觀察已經可知，人有能力將[[二維]]嘅[[圖像]]睇做[[三維空間]]。例如有個正常健康嘅大人望住幅[[相]]，佢會有能力正確講出相入便咁多件物件，邊件比較近鏡頭邊件比較遠－原則上，好似相噉嘅二維圖像理應冇咩景深可言，但望住幅相嘅人嘅[[視覺系統]]，即係[[人腦]]專處理[[視覺]]資訊嗰忽，將幅二維圖像睇做三維空間，做到對圖像入面嘅物件'''離鏡頭幾遠'''作出判斷。呢種[[感知功能]]就係所謂嘅景深感知<ref>Howard, Ian (2012). ''Perceiving in Depth''. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref>。 好多實用工作上都會想用二維圖像表示三維空間，因而會用到景深嘅概念，好似係 *[[畫畫]]等嘅[[視覺藝術]]：好多[[畫作]]都係表達三維嘅空間<ref>[https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-mediums/learn-to-draw-perspective/ The Beginning Artist's Guide to Perspective Drawing]. ''Artist Network''.</ref>； *[[建築設計]]：[[畫則師]]同設計緊嗰棟[[建築物]]畫[[圖則]]嗰陣，會想用二維嘅圖像表達建築物呢種三維物件<ref>[https://www.domestika.org/en/blog/7394-what-is-architectural-perspective-and-how-do-i-use-it-in-drawing What Is Architectural Perspective, and How Do I Use It in Drawing?].</ref>； 透視投影就係圖像工作上嘅一套技巧，建基於[[消失點]]同[[地平線]]嘅概念，令望住幅二維圖像嘅人產生[[景深錯覺]]<ref group="英">illusion of depth</ref>－個腦不自覺噉對圖入面啲物件'''離鏡頭幾遠'''做出判斷<ref name="britpers"/>。 ==分類== {{main|消失點}} {{see also|地平線}} 要用透視投影整圖像，首先要指定[[消失點]]<ref group="英">vanishing point</ref>嘅數量同每粒消失點嘅位置：想像下面嗰幅相，幅相係喺 2014 年[[美國]][[賓夕凡尼亞州]]一角影到嘅，相入面影到[[火車軌]]，兩條軌係[[平行]]嘅，而平行嘅線理應係永遠都唔會相交嘅<ref group="註">暫時唔思考呢笪[[空間]]係咪跟[[歐氏幾何]]住。</ref>，但由幅相度睇，望落彷彿好似兩條軌會喺其中一點相交噉，而<ref name="myran"/><ref name="britpers"/>－ {{Cquote|喺 3D 空間度平行嘅線望落（由幅 2D 圖像望落）相交嘅[[點 (幾何)|點]]}} 正正就係所謂嘅消失點<ref>Rother, C. (2002). A new approach to vanishing point detection in architectural environments. ''Image and Vision Computing'', 20(9-10), 647-655.</ref>。消失點好影響到睇嘢嗰個人點樣判斷幅圖入面嘅三維空間，而事實係啲人將透視圖分類嗰時，就係用'''消失點有幾多粒'''嚟分嘅，而且唔同消失點數量做到嘅效果都唔同。整圖像嘅人可以思考睇嘢嘅人<ref group="註">喺想像中嗰笪三維空間當中</ref>企邊，從而決定要揀邊種透視方法。 <br> [[File:Railroad in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.JPG|center|330px]] ===一點透視=== {{anchor|一點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖得一粒消失點。 啲人實際整圖嗰陣，通常會由畫緊嘅物件射啲直線落消失點度，而如果件物件唔係好似建築物噉四四方方嘅，畫畫人可以（例如）喺件物件周圍畫個[[方柱]]形嘅框包住件物件，再由個框度射啲直線去消失點度<ref group="註">噉即係話透視投影啲射線彼此之間實係'''唔成平行'''嘅，呢點係透視投影同[[平行投影]]嘅最大分別－喺平行投影當中，由件物體射出嚟嘅線係彼此之間'''成平行'''嘅。</ref>。好似係下面幅圖噉，幅圖畫緊嘅係一列[[拱]]， *黑線畫緊件物件； *{{font color|red|紅線}}畫緊「由物件射去消失點嘅線」，而啲{{font color|red|紅線}}相交嗰點就係消失點； *{{font color|blue|藍線}}畫嘅係[[地平線]]； <br> [[File:1ptPerspective.svg|center|450px]] <br> 响廿一世紀初，好多[[繪圖軟件]]仲會（例如）索性自動噉幫畫畫人畫埋圍住物件嘅方框以及由方框射去消失點度嘅線，畫完隻軟件仲曉自動清走啲方框同線<ref name="myran"/>。 一般認為用得一點透視，通常係想做到一個效果，彷彿好似睇嘢嗰個人企正喺件物件前面，由件物件正面望住件物件噉<ref name="huen6">Huenniger, D. (2019). ''Blender 3D Content Creation Noob to Pro''. en.wikibooks.org. '''Ch. 6''' "Perspective Views".</ref>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="一點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:Perspectivephoto.jpg File:Inside Greenwich Foot Tunnel.jpg File:One point perspective.jpg File:Finnish national road 4 Vierumäki.jpg File:HK Hung Hum Station Corridor.jpg File:Tuileries Rivoli Perspective.jpg File:Perspective-1point.svg </gallery> </center> ===二點透視=== {{see also|全景圖}} {{anchor|二點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖有兩粒消失點。好似下圖噉（黑線畫物件、{{font color|red|紅線}}同{{font color|green|綠線}}畫射線、{{font color|blue|藍線}}畫[[地平線]]）： <br> [[File:2-punktperspektive.png|center|500px]] <br> 一般認為，會用二點透視，通常係想令幅圖望落好似睇嘢嗰個人唔係企喺物件正面，而係面向住件物件嘅其中一條邊（想像件物件大致成方柱形），件物件大致喺個人嘅[[眼]]咁高<ref name="huen6"/>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="二點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:College Street (9268126660).jpg File:Church Cottage at Boreham, Essex, England 2.jpg File:Harrington's hardware shop Broadstairs Kent England - inspiration for the 'Four Candles' Two Ronnies sketch 02.jpg File:Big Dam Film Festival Logo.jpg File:Perspective-2point.svg </gallery> </center> ===三點透視=== {{see also|鳥瞰圖}} {{anchor|三點透視}}顧名思義係指幅圖有三粒消失點。好似下圖噉，唔同色嘅線分別畫緊射去各消失點度嘅射線： <br> [[File:3-punktperspektive 1.svg|center|500px]] <br> 呢種做法好多時會用嚟強調啲物件嘅[[高度]]，件物件明顯低過或者高過睇嘢嗰個人對眼，譬如係想做到一個效果，好似睇嘢嘅人企咗喺一棟好高嘅[[摩天大廈]]前面向上望噉<ref name="huen6"/>。 <br> <center> <gallery caption="三點透視嘅例子" widths="240px" heights="160px"> File:Perspectiva-com-3-pontos-de-fuga.jpg File:South tower of the Notre Dame.jpg File:ויקיפדיה אוהבת אתרי מורשת 2014 - תל אביב - בית ברלין פסובסקי או בית התאומים (15).JPG File:The Whitaker, Rawtenstall, formerly Rossendale Museum, Lancashire, England 2008.jpg File:Perspective-3point.svg </gallery> </center> ==前縮透視== {{anchor|Foreshortening}}{{anchor|前縮透視}} '''前縮透視'''<ref group="英">foreshortening</ref>係透視投影上嘅技巧，特登將某啲畫緊嘅物件畫得短啲，嚟強調件物件嘅三維特質。舉個具體例子，好似係十五世紀[[蛋彩畫]]名作《[[Cristo morto|基督之死]]》噉<ref name="foresho">[https://www.britannica.com/art/foreshortening foreshortening]. ''Encylcopedia Britannica''.</ref>。呢幅畫描繪死咗嘅[[耶穌]]：畫入面嘅耶穌瞓咗喺度，[[腳板]]向住睇嘢嘅人；由圖入面睇得出，畫畫人特登將耶穌嘅身體畫得短啲，而'''唔係'''將幅二維圖像入面嘅耶穌畫到同想像中嘅耶穌身體一樣咁長－如果幅畫係將耶穌身體畫到同實際長度一樣咁長，望落就會比較似係由正上方望耶穌身體噉。 亦都有人指出，畫畫人將耶穌嘅腳板畫得稍為長咗啲，同時耶穌個頭畫得稍為細咗啲－假設第啲因素不變，近嘅物件望落會長啲闊啲，遠嘅物件望落會冇咁長冇咁闊，所以個[[畫家]]嘅做法更加能夠突顯同耶穌兩隻腳板比起嚟，耶穌個頭離鏡頭遠啲。 <br> [[File:The dead Christ and three mourners, by Andrea Mantegna.jpg|thumb|480px|center|<center>15 世紀[[蛋彩]]名作《[[Cristo morto]]》</center>]] ==睇埋== *[[平行投影]]<ref group="英">parallel projection</ref>：可以話係透視投影嘅相對；好似[[正投影圖]]等嘅平行投影方法能夠技術化噉展示物件嘅樣，但成日俾人批評話佢產生嘅圖像唔夠真實唔夠[[靚|好睇]]，而相比之下，透視投影就能夠達致景深，因而認為係能夠創造更有[[美感]]嘅圖像。有工作者用[[住屋]]做例子－想像要起住屋，如果要畫[[圖則]]等嘅[[工程圖]]俾[[建築工人]]睇，要用平行投影噉嘅圖，但起好之後想向人 sell<!--seu1--> 間屋嗰陣，[[廣告]]就要用透視投影噉嘅圖，先夠好睇<ref name="huen6"/>。 *[[浮繪]]（[[和製漢字]]作'''浮絵'''，而[[日羅]]係 Uki-e）：18 世紀嗰陣出現嘅一類[[浮世繪]]；當時嘅[[日本人]]模仿[[西洋畫]]嘅透視投影技巧，最後創出浮繪，不過截至廿一世紀初，呢種畫並冇取得咩重大嘅成功<ref>Hockley, Allen (2006). ''Public Spectacles, Personal Pleasures: four centuries of Japanese prints from a Cincinnati collection''. Cincinnati: Cincinnati Art Museum.</ref>。 <br> {{Gallery |title = |width = 450 |height = 300 |align=center |File:Kuninao Act Four Shidamme.jpg|<center>1820 年一幅[[浮繪]]作品</center>}} *[[寫實主義]] *[[圖則]] *[[建築設計]] *[[切開圖解]] *[[拍攝角度]] *[[電腦圖像]] ==註釋== {{reflist|group=註|2}} ==引述== {{reflist|2}} ==英詞== {{reflist|group=英|2}} ==拎== {{Commonscat|Perspective drawings|透視投影}} {{Commons|Evolution of Perspective|透視投影嘅演變}} *{{en}} [https://www.britannica.com/art/perspective-art 透視投影]，[[不列顛百科全書]] *{{en}} [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/perspective-projection-and-its-types/ 透視投影同埋透視投影啲種類]，GeeksForGeeks *{{en}} [https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-mediums/learn-to-draw-perspective/ 畀藝術初哥睇嘅透視投影講解]，Artist Network {{3D 投影}} [[Category:視覺藝術]] [[Category:畫畫]] e6c5rm3lxsljmpjazx88h94gazgp06d 0 320139 2416307 2414444 2026-06-05T01:09:53Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416307 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''國識商通'''》（{{lang-en|'''Homeland Explorer'''}}<!--前稱China Business Navigator-->）係[[香港]][[Makerville]]製作嘅資訊節目，由2023年5月14號到6月18號逢禮拜日08:00-08:30喺[[香港電視娛樂]][[ViuTV]]播，之後由2023年6月23號開始逢禮拜五09:00-09:30播。節目會請唔同嘉賓講下中國大陸發展商機。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''訪問嘉賓'''||'''主持'''||'''嘉賓主持''' |- ! colspan="5"|2023年 |- | 1 || 5月14號 || [[陳家強]] || rowspan="3"|[[羅佩怡]] || rowspan="2"|[[李錦榮]] |- | 2 || 5月21號 || [[梁兆基]] |- | 3 || 5月28號 || [[陳健文]] || [[鄧聲興]] |- | 4 || 6月4號 || rowspan="2"|[[李慧琼]] || rowspan="2"|[[金盈]] || rowspan="3"|[[洪綺敏]] |- | 5 || 6月11號 |- | 6 || 6月18號 || [[高永文]] || [[林伽遙]] |- | 7 || 6月23號 || 陳家強 || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || 李錦榮 |- | 8 || 6月30號 || [[黃梓謙]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 9 || 7月7號 || [[劉智鵬]] || 林伽遙 || 金盈 |- | 10 || 7月14號 || 梁兆基 || rowspan="3"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="2"|李錦榮 |- | 11 || 7月21號 || [[區景麟]] |- | 12 || 7月28號 || 陳健文 || 鄧聲興 |- | 13 || 8月4號 || 高永文 || 林伽遙、洪綺敏 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 14 || 8月11號 || [[李家聰]] || 羅佩怡 || 李錦榮 |- | 15 || 8月18號 || [[胡定旭]] || [[何戎笙]]、林伽遙 || rowspan="3"{{N/A|-}} |- | 16 || 8月25號 || [[沈豪傑]] || 林伽遙、洪綺敏 |- | 17 || 9月1號 || [[陳智思]] || 何戎笙、金盈 |- | 18 || 9月8號 || [[王幹文]] || 羅佩怡 || 鄧聲興 |- | 19 || 9月15號 || [[鄭泳舜]] || 金盈 || [[雷雄德]] |- | 20 || 9月22號 || [[李冠群]] || rowspan="4"|羅佩怡 || 鄧聲興 |- | 21 || 9月29號 || [[莊家彬]] || [[李慧芬]] |- | 22 || 10月6號 || 黃梓謙 || 鄧聲興 |- | 23 || 10月13號 || [[李秀恆]] || 李慧芬 |- | 24 || 10月20號 || 劉智鵬 || 林伽遙 || 金盈 |- | 25 || 10月27號 || 區景麟 || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="2"|李錦榮 |- | 26 || 11月3號 || 李家聰 |- | 27 || 11月10號 || 胡定旭 || 何戎笙、林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 28 || 11月17號 || [[呂志宏]]、[[黃俊碩]] || 金盈 || [[李淳輝]] |- | 29 || 11月24號 || 陳智思 || 何戎笙、金盈 || rowspan="2"{{N/A|-}} |- | 30 || 12月1號 || 沈豪傑 || 林伽遙、洪綺敏 |- | 31 || 12月8號 || [[馬楚力]] || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || 李慧芬 |- | 32 || 12月15號 || 李冠群 || 鄧聲興 |- | 33 || 12月22號 || [[許健生]] || 何戎笙、林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 34 || 12月29號 || [[陳肇始]] || 羅佩怡 || 李慧芬 |- ! colspan="5"|2024年 |- | 35 || 1月5號 || [[盧金榮]] || rowspan="5"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="5"|李慧芬 |- | 36 || 1月12號 || 莊家彬 |- | 37 || 1月19號 || [[沈慧林]] |- | 38 || 1月26號 || 李秀恆 |- | 39 || 2月2號 || 馬楚力 |- | 40 || 2月9號 || 許健生 || 何戎笙、林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 41 || 2月16號 || [[歐陽伯權]] || rowspan="3"|羅佩怡 || 李錦榮 |- | 42 || 2月23號 || [[黃家和]] || 李慧芬 |- | 43 || 3月1號 || [[郭冠鴻]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 44 || 3月8號 || [[鄭美恩]]、[[黃林趣玲]] || 林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 45 || 3月15號 || 盧金榮 || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 46 || 3月22號 || [[陳繼宇]] |- | 47 || 3月29號 || [[林新強]] || 何戎笙、金盈 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 48 || 4月5號 || [[張德熙]] || 羅佩怡 || 鄧聲興 |- | 49 || 4月12號 || [[陳曉峰]] || 林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 50 || 4月19號 || 沈慧林 || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 51 || 4月26號 || [[陳祖恒]] |- | 52 || 5月3號 || [[余遠騁]] || 金盈 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 53 || 5月10號 || [[鄭重科]] || rowspan="11"|羅佩怡 || 李慧芬 |- | 54 || 5月17號 || [[司徒永富]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 55 || 5月24號 || [[史立德]] || rowspan="3"|李慧芬 |- | 56 || 5月31號 || 黃家和 |- | 57 || 6月6號 || [[楊全盛]] |- | 58 || 6月14號 || [[沈嘉奕]] || 李錦榮 |- | 59 || 6月21號 || 郭冠鴻 || 鄧聲興 |- | 60 || 6月28號 || 陳繼宇 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 61 || 7月5號 || [[梁兆賢]] |- | 62 || 7月12號 || 張德熙 || 鄧聲興 |- | 63 || 7月19號 || [[陳嘉賢 (品牌創辦人)|陳嘉賢]] || 李慧芬 |- | 64 || 7月26號 || 陳曉峰 || 林伽遙 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 65 || 8月2號 || [[高鵑]] || rowspan="2"|羅佩怡 || 鄧聲興 |- | 66 || 8月9號 || 陳祖恒 || 李慧芬 |- | 67 || 8月16號 || 余遠騁 || 金盈 || {{N/A|-}} |- | 68 || 8月23號 || 鄭重科 || rowspan="19"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="5"|李慧芬 |- | 69 || 8月30號 || 史立德 |- | 70 || 9月6號 || [[駱百強]] |- | 71 || 9月13號 || [[施榮恆]] |- | 72 || 9月20號 || [[馬介欽]] |- | 73 || 9月27號 || [[李君豪]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 74 || 10月4號 || [[胡健民]] || rowspan="7"|李慧芬 |- | 75 || 10月10號 || 楊全盛 |- | 76 || 10月18號 || 梁兆賢 |- | 77 || 10月25號 || 陳嘉賢 |- | 78 || 11月1號 || [[劉健華]] |- | 79 || 11月8號 || 施榮恆 |- | 80 || 11月15號 || [[吳懿容]] |- | 81 || 11月22號 || 沈嘉奕 || 李錦榮 |- | 82 || 11月29號 || [[鄭文德]] || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 83 || 12月6號 || 馬介欽 |- | 84 || 12月13號 || [[王樂得]] || {{N/A|-}} |- | 85 || 12月20號 || 劉健華 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 86 || 12月27號 || [[王偉樑]] |- ! colspan="5"|2025年 |- | 87 || 1月3號 || [[柯家洋]] || rowspan="52"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="10"|李慧芬 |- | 88 || 1月10號 || [[張志賢]] |- | 89 || 1月17號 || 吳懿容 |- | 90 || 1月24號 || 鄭文德 |- | 91 || 1月31號 || [[章曼琪]] |- | 92 || 2月7號 || 王偉樑 |- | 93 || 2月14號 || [[吳國安]] |- | 94 || 2月21號 || 柯家洋 |- | 95 || 2月28號 || [[楊志雄]] |- | 96 || 3月7號 || [[盧毓琳]]教授 |- | 97 || 3月14號 || [[李志成]] || 李錦榮 |- | 98 || 3月21號 || [[梁日昌]]博士 || rowspan="10"|李慧芬 |- | 99 || 3月28號 || [[莫慕潔]] |- | 100 || 4月4號 || 張志賢 |- | 101 || 4月11號 || 章曼琪 |- | 102 || 4月18號 || [[林志強]] |- | 103 || 4月25號 || [[龐超貽]] |- | 104 || 5月2號 || 吳國安 |- | 105 || 5月9號 || [[林俊傑 (香港)|林俊傑]] |- | 106 || 5月16號 || [[王象志]]教授 |- | 107 || 5月23號 || 楊志雄 |- | 108 || 5月31號 || [[余振聲]] || 李錦榮 |- | 109 || 6月5號 || 劉健華博士 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 110 || 6月13號 || [[吳長勝]] |- | 111 || 6月19號 || [[許夏林]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 112 || 6月26號 || 駱百強 || rowspan="13"|李慧芬 |- | 113 || 7月4號 || [[吳為棉]] |- | 114 || 7月11號 || [[張瑞蓮]] |- | 115 || 7月18號 || 盧毓琳教授 |- | 116 || 7月25號 || 梁日昌博士 |- | 117 || 8月1號 || 莫慕潔 |- | 118 || 8月8號 || 林志強 |- | 119 || 8月15號 || 龐超貽 |- | 120 || 8月22號 || 吳長勝 |- | 121 || 8月29號 || [[陳柏楠]] |- | 122 || 9月5號 || [[吳秋全]]教授 |- | 123 || 9月12號 || [[孫榮良]] |- | 124 || 9月19號 || 鄭美恩 |- | 125 || 9月26號 || 許夏林 || 鄧聲興 |- | 126 || 10月3號 || 駱百強 || rowspan="8"|李慧芬 |- | 127 || 10月10號 || 楊全盛 |- | 128 || 10月17號 || 吳為棉 |- | 129 || 10月24號 || [[蔡德昇]]太平紳士 |- | 130 || 10月31號 || 張瑞蓮 |- | 131 || 11月7號 || 陳柏楠 |- | 132 || 11月14號 || 吳秋全教授 |- | 133 || 11月21號 || [[黃偉雄]]博士 |- | 134 || 11月28號 || [[奚曉珠]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 135 || 12月5號 || [[黃偉鴻]]博士 || rowspan="4"|李慧芬 |- | 136 || 12月12號 || 楊全盛 |- | 137 || 12月19號 || 鄭美恩 |- | 138 || 12月26號 || [[翁國豪]] |- ! colspan="5"|2026年 |- | 139 || 1月2號 || 蔡德昇太平紳士 || rowspan="23"|羅佩怡 || rowspan="2"|李慧芬 |- | 140 || 1月9號 || [[顏明秀]] |- | 141 || 1月16號 || 奚曉珠 || 鄧聲興 |- | 142 || 1月23號 || 黃偉鴻博士 || rowspan="5"|李慧芬 |- | 143 || 1月30號 || [[林漢源]] |- | 144 || 2月6號 || 翁國豪 |- | 145 || 2月13號 || 顏明秀 |- | 146 || 2月20號 || 孫榮良 |- | 147 || 2月27號 || [[莊峻岳]] || 鄧聲興 |- | 148 || 3月6號 || [[李彥儀]] || rowspan="3"|李慧芬 |- | 149 || 3月13號 || 許健生 |- | 150 || 3月20號 || 林漢源 |- | 151 || 3月27號 || 莊峻岳 || 鄧聲興 |- | 152 || 4月3號 || 李彥儀 || rowspan="10"|李慧芬 |- | 153 || 4月10號 || [[吳克儉]] |- | 154 || 4月17號 || [[陳婉華]] |- | 155 || 4月24號 || [[劉嘉華]] |- | 156 || 5月1號 || 黃偉雄 |- | 157 || 5月8號 || 許健生 |- | 158 || 5月15號 || 林趣玲 |- | 159 || 5月22號 || 王象志教授 |- | 160 || 5月30號 || 劉嘉華 |- | 161 || 6月5號 || 吳克儉 |} ==節目調動== *2024年6月7號：由於08:30-11:00直播《NBA 總決賽 2024 第一場 - 達拉斯獨行俠 對 波士頓塞爾特人》，第57集提早到6月6號（禮拜四）09:00-09:30播。 *2024年10月11號：由於08:00-10:30直播《NBA 季前熱身賽 24/25 - 洛杉磯湖人 對 密爾沃基公鹿》，第75集提早到10月10號（禮拜四）09:00-09:30播。 *2025年5月30號：由於08:00-10:30直播《NBA 季後賽 2025 東岸決賽第五場 - 印第安納溜馬 對 紐約人》，第108集延遲到5月31號（禮拜六）08:00-08:30播。 *2025年6月6號：由於08:30-11:00直播《NBA 總決賽2025 第一場 - 印第安納溜馬 對 奧克拉荷馬雷霆》，第109集提早到6月5號（禮拜四）09:00-09:30播。 *2025年6月20號：由於08:30-11:00直播《NBA 總決賽2025 第六場 - 奧克拉荷馬雷霆 對 印第安納溜馬》，第111集提早到6月19號（禮拜四）09:00-09:30播。 *2025年11月14號：由於08:00-18:00直播《[[中華人民共和國第十五屆運動會|十五運會決戰前線]]》，第132集提早到07:30-08:00播。 *2026年5月29號：由於08:30-11:00直播《NBA 季後賽 2026 西岸決賽第六場 - 奧克拉荷馬雷霆 對 聖安東尼奧馬刺》，第160集延遲到5月30號（禮拜六）08:00-08:30播。 ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/homeland-explorer ViuTV：國識商通] *[https://www.youtube.com/@HomelandExplorer 國識商通 Homeland Explorer YouTube 頻道] [[Category:2023年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2024年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2025年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] 40uzskkcpxknla4pgpuvsgtgmy5fazf 0 322516 2416339 2304407 2026-06-05T01:47:25Z Tyamiga 237214 /* 電視節目（ViuTV） */ 2416339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 鄧祖欣 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Tang Cho Yan | 英文名 = Pamela Tang | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1986|9|23}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{UK}}<br>{{HKG}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[阿拉伯文]] | 職業 = 投資銀行、節目主持、歌手、演員、YouTuber | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{UK}} | 出道日期 = 2023年 | 活躍年代 = 2023年到而家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = [[ViuTV]]（2023年-） | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|pampamt_}}<br>[https://www.youtube.com/@PamPamT/ 鄧祖欣嘅YouTube頁] | 獎 = }} '''鄧祖欣'''（{{lang-en|Pamela Tang Cho Yan}}，{{bd|1986年|9月23號}}），係香港女藝人，有四分一[[沙地阿拉伯]]血統，本職投資銀行，業餘時間做節目主持、歌手同演員，亦係一位YouTuber。 ==簡歷== 鄧祖欣公公係沙地阿拉伯人，婆婆同爸爸都係香港人，雖然佢只係有四分一沙地阿拉伯血統，但佢依然有典型中東人嘅膚色同樣貌。佢6歲就跟屋企人移居[[英國]][[根德郡]]， 大學修讀法律系，做過實習大律師，但畢業後未有正式投身法律界，而係加入咗投資銀行合規部，喺英國做咗兩年後，2013年26歲同老公一齊回流香港，因為有表演慾，加上佢屋企同藝人[[喬寶寶]]相熟，所以獲介紹幕前演出機會。 ==演出== {{expandlist}} ===電視節目（ViuTV）=== *2022-2023年：《[[快樂童盟]]》主持 *2023年：《[[傾 of the World]]》常駐嘉賓 *2023年：《[[今昔補習社]]》主持 *2024年：《[[唔鹹唔淡香港指南]]》第8、12集嘉賓 *2024年：《[[美麗40路]]》參賽者 *2025年：《[[咁樣過年至正路]]》第3集嘉賓 *2026年：《[[8點直樂 VIURIETY]]》「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」參加者 ===電視節目（無綫電視）=== *2022年：《[[陀地外國人]]》第4集嘉賓 ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|pampamt_}} *[https://www.youtube.com/@PamPamT/ PAM PAM T - YouTube] {{HK-enter-bio-stub}} [[Category:鄧氏|祖欣]] [[Category:香港女藝人]] [[Category:ViuTV合作女藝人]] [[Category:美麗40路參賽者]] 9605th4n7mntd6h3d983kv6hk6qjfdf 0 325010 2416429 2073141 2026-06-05T03:57:58Z HenryLi 14 2416429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:In-game_logo_of_Super_Mario_USA.png | thumb | right | 標誌]]'''孖寶兄弟USA'''（{{lang-en|Super Mario Bros. USA}}），喺北美地區叫做'''孖寶兄弟2'''，係由[[任天堂]]開發嘅[[動作遊戲]]，1988年推出<ref>[https://www.mobygames.com/game/7299/super-mario-bros-2/ Super Mario Bros. 2]，MobyGames</ref>。 呢套遊戲嘅原先設計喺嚟自[[夢工場Doki Doki Panic]]，換皮之後喺北美地區推出，以應對當初北美任天堂公司對於喺日本地區出過嘅[[孖寶兄弟 2]]嘅高難度設計。 ==參考== <references/> {{Game-stub}} [[Category:孖寶兄弟]] [[Category:馬利奧系列]] [[Category:紅白機遊戲]] eo4395x3q8298pdplc8i189dm1yfb3l 0 326555 2416372 2261787 2026-06-05T02:31:23Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_jungle_of_Manusela_Nationalpark.jpg | thumb | right | 一景]]'''馬努塞拉國家公園係'''[[印尼]]嘅[[國家公園]]，位於[[摩鹿加群島]]，處於[[斯蘭島]]，成立於1997年，面積1,890平方公里，最高點海拔高度3,027米，有118種鳥類同38種哺乳類動物棲身。 {{Indonesia-stub}} [[Category:印尼]] m8ybx39gbp5kw2z14gh0c9ghmsho3gy 0 329498 2416468 2059563 2026-06-05T06:05:42Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416468 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Huiningfu_plan.jpg | thumb | right | 平面圖]]'''金上京會寧府'''係喺[[黑龍江省]][[哈爾濱]]阿城區南郊既[[阿什河]]既左邊，係[[金朝]]喺公元[[1115年]]（[[收國]]元年）到[[1153年]]（[[完顏亮]][[貞元]]元年）之間起既第一座[[都城]]。 == 概要 == 公元[[1069年]]（遼道宗咸雍5年），[[遼朝]]係會寧縣（依家既黑龍江省哈爾濱市阿城區白城）附近落腳。公元1115年（金太祖收國元年），佢喺[[女真族]]定居點既中心，起金朝既首府。當時轄區係[[松花江]]、[[牡丹江]]、[[長白山]]一帶。公元1124年（天會二年）金朝將首府改名做會寧府，公元1138年（天眷元年）會寧府改名做上京惠寧府<ref>{{Cite web| title=上京会寧府 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/上京会寧府-1174662}}</ref>。（注：天眷係金熙宗既第二個年號）。 都城係由南北兩座長方形土城組成。北城既城牆南北距離大約係1.9公里，東西長距離大約1.5公里。北城既南面係南城，南城城牆既南北距離大約1.5公里，東西距離大約2.0公里。兩座城整體成L形，南北長，東西短<ref>{{Cite web| title=上京会寧府 |url=https://kotobank.jp/word/上京会寧府-1174662}}</ref>。 公元1153年（貞元元年）完顏亮遷都去燕京，然後將上京既稱號刪除咗，只有叫會寧府，公元1173年（大政十三年）又再改名做上城會寧府。 到咗金朝末年，蒙古帝國入侵既時候，會寧府被毀，棄置咗。 == 攷 == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:金朝]] {{史楔}} idetcsh0wyl9tkg7e0z1wify9kx6vdn 0 329744 2416346 2060880 2026-06-05T01:59:30Z HenryLi 14 修 2416346 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''北史'''》係[[中國]][[史書]]一本，[[廿四史]]之一，講成個[[南北朝|北朝]]，[[大唐]][[李延壽]]著。 {{hist-stub}} {{廿四史}} [[Category:廿四史]] liu29yvrbk8aqrk1he1qwse5472mrrd 0 331904 2416355 2414537 2026-06-05T02:13:20Z ~2026-33095-41 338811 /* */ 2416355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 時画井尊<br>じゑゐそん | 類型 = 填詞人 | 音樂類型 = [[J-POP]]、[[流行曲]] | 出道作品 = | 出生地點 = | 活躍年代 = [[2024年]] - [[2026年]] | 職業 = [[填詞人]]、[[唱作人]] | 語言 = [[廣東話]]、[[日文]]、[[英文]] }} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = 時画井尊 | channel_display_name = 時画井尊 | channel_url = UCbfGGMYXK8nb3kqxvTGxPKA | years_active = [[2024年]] - [[2026年]] | genre = [[音樂]] | views = 252,304回 | subscribers = 1500人 | stats_update = {{Dts|2025-12-23}} }} '''時画井尊'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『時画井尊』香港嘅唱作人，主要寫日文同廣東話歌詞。|url=https://www.musichotpot.com/artists/toki|access-date=2026-03-27}}</ref>（{{lang-ja|じゑゐそん}}、Toki）喺一個[[香港]]嘅創作人，主要創作[[日文]]歌同[[廣東歌]]，包括填詞同作曲。 ==個人專輯== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small;text-align:center" !align="left" width="50px"| 專輯 # !align="left" width="100px"| 專輯名稱 !align="center" width="80px"| 發行年份 !align="left" width="100px"| 專輯類型 !align="center" width="100px"| 語言 !align="left" width="200px"| 曲目 |- ! 1st ! [[七色の光]] | 2025 | [[Single]] |廣東話 | {{HideH|曲目}} # 七色の光 # 七色の光 (Instrumental) {{HideF}} |- ! 2nd ! [[七色の愛]] | 2026 | [[EP]] | 日文</br>廣東話 | {{HideH|曲目}} # 七色の愛 # 衛星 # Track 3 # Track 4 # Track 5 # Track 6 '''Bonus CD''' # 選ばれし子供たち # Track 2 {{HideF}} |} ==原創歌== ===廣東歌=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center" ! ! width="80" |發表日期 ! width="120" |歌名 ! width="80" |主唱 ! width="100" |作曲 ! width="100" |作詞 |- !1st |2025/10/16 |'''七色の光'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『七色の光』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iF9TsCZxHe8|access-date=2025-10-16|website=Youtube}}</ref> |時画井尊 |Benji |時画井尊 |- !2nd |2026/05/22 |'''無理罪名'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『無理罪名』 Music Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mkIDjk4c7m8|access-date=2026-05-55|website=Youtube}}</ref> |HW Chan |HW Chan |時画井尊 |- !3rd |2026/06/26 |'''被選中嘅細路''' |HW Chan |Bee@MIS |時画井尊 |- !4th |2026/??/?? |'''衛星''' |時画井尊 |時画井尊 |Warren@MIS |} ===日文歌=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center" ! ! width="80" |發表日期 ! width="120" |歌名 ! width="80" |主唱 ! width="100" |作曲 ! width="100" |作詞 |- !1st |2025/07/02 |'''末日の光'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『末日の光』 Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHJDkBXa86E|access-date=2025-07-02|website=Youtube}}</ref><br> |HW Chan |HW Chan |時画井尊 |- !2nd |2026/01/21 |'''七色の愛''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=『七色の愛』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEdJQmLV3iw|access-date=2026-01-21|website=Youtube}}</ref> |時画井尊 |Benji |船山祥貴</br>時画井尊 |- !3rd |2026/06/26 |'''選ばれし子供たち''' |船山祥貴 |Bee@[[MIS]] |時画井尊 |- !4th |2026/??/?? |'''惑星''' |時画井尊 |時画井尊 |時画井尊 |} ==改篇歌== ===廣東歌=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center" ! ! width="80" |發表日期 ! width="120" |歌名 ! width="80" |主唱 ! width="100" |作詞 ! width="120" |原曲<br>原唱 |- !1st |2025/04/04<br>2025/07/07 |'''幸福の伏線'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『幸福の伏線』 Music Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMoDO6iiB8M|access-date=2025-04-04|website=Youtube}}</ref><br>'''雲上の風箏'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『雲上の風箏』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Sb08Xd7cps|access-date=2025-07-07|website=Youtube}}</ref> |KEYZ<br>𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊<br>Aouda Leung<br>KEYZ |幸せ色<br>[[和田裕美]] |- !2nd |2026/04/04 |'''牲生不息'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『牲生不息』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVYFbLIYufU|access-date=2026-04-04|website=Youtube}}</ref> |Arthur |時画井尊 |下一站天后<br>[[Twins]] |} ===日文歌=== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small; text-align:center" ! ! width="80" |發表日期 ! width="120" |歌名 ! width="80" |主唱 ! width="80" |作詞 ! width="120" |原曲<br>原唱 |- !1st |2024/01/12 |'''最高の日'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『最高の日』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSAj-ZYKw7k|access-date=2024-01-12|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |信之卷<br>[[江熚生]] |- !2nd |2024/01/20 |'''天気予報'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『天気予報』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXDLY1r-7Nw|access-date=2024-01-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |天氣之女<br>[[何洛瑤|sica]] |- !3rd |2024/02/02 |'''ありがとう<br>サヨウナラ'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『ありがとう サヨウナラ』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=GrGngtqbu_c|access-date=2024-02-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |時画井尊 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |喜歡戀愛<br>[[盧巧音]] |- !4th |2024/02/12 |'''久しぶり'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『久しぶり』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8jPBZVbK1I|access-date=2024-02-07|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |到底發生過什麼事<br>[[Dear Jane]] |- !5th |2024/03/20 |'''再会'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『再会』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ueji2KA1kSI|access-date=2024-03-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |長相廝守<br>[[ToNick]] |- !6th |2024/04/12<br>2024/04/22 |'''ここまで'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『ここまで』 LyricsVideo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lbU07LB8y8|access-date=2024-04-12|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄<br>橘果那実 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥<br>橘果那実 |到此為止<br>[[連詩雅]] |- !7th |2024/05/02 |'''雨天決行'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『雨天決行』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddoAZgI101c&t=97s|access-date=2024-05-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |她整晚在寫信<br>[[衞蘭]] |- !8th |2024/06/02 |'''夢への船'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『夢への船』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ew_9QwOZeAAI101c&t=97s|access-date=2024-06-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |發現號<br>[[RubberBand]] |- !9th |2024/07/02 |'''灰かぶり姫'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『灰被り姫』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iIJ5p4CAOQ|access-date=2024-07-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |桜香 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥<br>桜香 |灰姑娘<br>[[梁詠琪]] |- !10th |2024/08/02 |'''籠の鳥'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『籠の鳥』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcYPbmAVTQM|access-date=2024-08-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |囍帖街<br>[[謝安琪]] |- !11th |2024/08/20 |'''一人ぼっち'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『一人ぼっち』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IfznPIlPec|access-date=2024-08-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |及時行樂<br>[[洪嘉豪]] |- !12th |2024/09/20 |'''別れ道'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『別れ道』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EFY0K3vAgM|access-date=2024-09-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴<br>𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |好好戀愛<br>[[方力申]]<br>[[鄧麗欣]] |- !13th |2024/10/02 |'''野望さえあれば'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『野望さえあれば』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GaawBUn6Y4&t=12s|access-date=2024-10-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |橘果那実 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |你是你本身的傳奇<br>[[方皓玟]] |- !14th |2024/11/02 |'''絶望の淵'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『絶望の淵』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro6meDMOXEA|access-date=2024-11-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |桜香 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥<br>桜香 |絕<br>[[傅珮嘉]] |- !15th |2024/11/20 |'''一人きり'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『一人きり』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4bkXPXyBw0|access-date=2024-11-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |一人之境<br>[[林家謙]] |- !16th |2024/12/20 |'''蛍雪の光'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『蛍雪の光』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q8o3yb6dp8|access-date=2024-12-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |凡星<br>[[陳蕾]] |- !17th |2025/01/02 |'''不眠症'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『不眠症』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpDX-jNO70w|access-date=2025-01-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |記憶棉<br>[[張天賦]] |- !18th |2025/02/02 |'''恋の花火'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『恋の花火』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZPoFOWfFRo&t=32s|access-date=2025-02-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |兩種人<br>[[何嘉莉]] |- !19th |2025/03/02 |'''今さら'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『今さら』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHbvCEwoPJk&t=135s|access-date=2025-03-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |遲了悔改<br>[[周殷廷]] |- !20th |2025/03/22 |'''カスミ草'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『カスミ草』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KgwhptYwVQ|access-date=2025-03-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |逆插玫瑰<br>[[盧巧音]] |- !21st |2025/04/20 |'''木の根'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『木の根』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmMKSIahskU&t=5s|access-date=2025-04-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |𝔸𝕠𝕚 |時画井尊<br>遠藤将弥 |木紋<br>[[何韻詩]] |- !22nd |2025/05/20 |'''桜木の下'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『桜木の下』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZaCPw_QDKA|access-date=2025-05-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |櫻花樹下<br>[[張敬軒]] |- !23rd |2025/06/12 |'''新世界'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『新世界』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bA_25eMXz_o|access-date=2025-06-12|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴<br>紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |我的回憶不是我的<br>[[海鳴威]]<br>[[泳兒]] |- !24th |2025/06/27 |'''二次元の恋愛攻略'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『二次元の恋愛攻略』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWbBNAWQ-vQ|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |二次元戀愛攻略<br>[[Sober Jas]] |- !25th |2025/07/20 |'''堕天使'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『堕天使』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knZY7bPIfQg|access-date=2025-07-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |木偶再遇記<br>[[MIS]] |- !26th |2025/08/02 |'''泡'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『泡』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWa-D8ypDx0|access-date=2025-08-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴<br>紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |我們什麼都不是<br>[[馬天佑]] |- !27th |2025/08/22 |'''片思い'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『片思い』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQYgdYUUPBY|access-date=2025-08-22|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |至少做一件離譜的事<br>[[Kiri T]] |- !28th |2025/09/12 |'''記憶'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『記憶』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtIX3c11prM|access-date=2025-09-12|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |寵物<br>[[小肥]] |- !29th |2025/10/02 |'''勇者'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『勇者』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ih0zuVZBnCY|access-date=2025-10-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |給墓葬的<br>[[SingK]] |- !30th |2025/11/14 |'''無限'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『無限』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDdX_5V1oEA|access-date=2025-11-14|website=Youtube}}</ref> |HW Chan |時画井尊 |無盡<br>[[Supper Moment]] |- !31st |2025/12/02 |'''道は百も千もある'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『道は百も千もある』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpI9FsWYEzA|access-date=2025-12-02|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |我們只有一往直前<br>[[sica]] |- !32nd |2025/12/22 |'''既読スルー'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『既読スルー』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzEz4ZrEBzY|access-date=2025-12-22|website=Youtube}}</ref> |𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊 |隔離<br>[[陳凱詠]] |- !33rd |2026/01/01 |'''恋心'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『恋心』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjP1z4RHVDE|access-date=2026-01-01|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |純愛夜空<br>[[Delta T]] |- !34th |2026/02/14 |'''相思相愛'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『相思相愛』 Lyrics Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uz0b6zSxDlQ|access-date=2026-02-14|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴<br>紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |分分鐘需要你<br>[[林子祥]] |- !35th |2026/02/17 |'''君との約束'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『君との約束』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEvwpRq0wXY|access-date=2026-02-17|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |情有可原<br>[[葉佩雯]] |- !36th |2026/03/03 |'''I-D♡L'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『I-D♡L』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKe42UHznM0|access-date=2026-03-03|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |再次Puppy Love<br>[[郭嘉駿]] |- !37th |2026/05/05 |'''拝啓～十年後の君へ'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『拝啓～十年後の君へ』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOYE-p5adUk|access-date=2026-05-05|website=Youtube}}</ref> |紫村花澄 |時画井尊 |給十年後的我<br>[[薛凱琪]] |- !38th |2026/05/20 |'''風月雪花'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=『風月雪花』 Lyrics Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oc1OaYlNAME|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Youtube}}</ref> |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |京都之雪<br>[[鄧麗欣]] |- !39th |2026/??/?? |'''恋人のように''' |船山祥貴 |時画井尊 |第一顆流星<br>[[傅穎]] |- !40th |2026/??/?? |'''Princess''' |𝕵𝖊𝖓𝖓 |時画井尊 |他約我去迪士尼<br>[[Kellyjackie]] |} ===派台歌曲成績=== {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" |- ! style="background:#ffc6e0; color:white" colspan="8" | '''派台歌曲成績（五台）''' |- | width="80"| 唱片 || width="100"| 歌曲 || width="50"| [[903專業推介|903]] || width="50"| [[歷年中文歌曲龍虎榜冠軍歌曲|RTHK]] || width="50"| [[新城勁爆流行榜|997]] || width="50"| [[勁歌金榜|TVB]] ||width="50"| [[Chill Club 推介榜|ViuTV]] ||colspan=2 width="250"| 備註 |- ! style="background:#ffc6e0; color:white" colspan="8" | '''2025年''' |- | rowspan=1|七色の光 || 七色の光 || - || - || - || × || × || |- ! style="background:#ffc6e0; color:white" colspan="8" | '''2026年''' |- | rowspan=1| 七色の愛 ||七色の愛 (日文) || × || × || × || × || × || Japan Top 10 Episodes |} == 註 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == * {{YouTube|時画井尊|channel=UCbfGGMYXK8nb3kqxvTGxPKA}} * {{Instagram|jiwe_wison}} [[Category:香港填詞人]] [[Category:香港唱作人]] kdxtpy9ak9iqmzbhemdta22l6e0wo0p 0 333659 2416318 2376554 2026-06-05T01:20:33Z HenryLi 14 通 2416318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Songgang_Town,_Bao'an_District,_Shenzhen,_P.R.China.jpg | thumb | right | 一景]]'''松崗'''係[[中國]]行政[[街道辦事處|街道]]，喺[[廣東]][[深圳]][[寶安區]]下邊，叫'''松崗街道'''，下轄18個社區。 {{china-geo-stub}} [[Category:寶安區政區]] klt2luvcqzbsvr5xvo1abzw7g05qtoa 0 335301 2416359 2106966 2026-06-05T02:21:02Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox China County |county = 甘谷縣 |Photo = |Photoname= |officerTitle= |officer= |officerTitle2= |officer2= |map = |map size = |Pinyin = |area= 1582.02 |Belong = [[甘肅省]][[天水市]] |web = https://www.gangu.gov.cn/ }} [[File:鸟瞰甘谷县治，大象山镇.jpg | thumb | right | 一景]] '''甘谷縣'''（{{jpingauto|gam1 guk1 jyun6}}）係喺[[中華人民共和國|中國]][[甘肅]][[天水]]嘅一個[[縣]]。呢度面積加埋有1,582.02 平方公里。喺2020年嗰陣，約莫50萬人響度住緊<ref>{{cite web |title=天水市第七次全國人口普查公報 |url=http://60.165.100.97:9999/epaper/htm/tsrb/content/20210601/Articel05001WD.htm |website=天水日報 |access-date=2021-10-08 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317051630/http://60.165.100.97:9999/epaper/htm/tsrb/content/20210601/Articel05001WD.htm }}</ref>。 ==攷== {{reflist}} ==拎== * {{Official website|https://www.gangu.gov.cn/|name=甘谷縣人民政府}} {{中國楔}} {{China-geo-stub}} [[Category:天水]] 7h0uao4l9a3d27mcnbcdk1ondad7hb7 0 336804 2416480 2396733 2026-06-05T08:45:43Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 /* 晉級隊伍 */ 2416480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽'''會係2023年10月12號至2026年3月31號期間進行，係決定[[2027年亞足協亞洲盃]]決賽週參賽嘅24個席位，前兩圈同時係[[2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽]]一部份<ref>[https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/afc_competitions/news/afc_competitions_committee_approves_key_decisions_on_reformatted_competitions_1.html AFC Competitions Committee approves key decisions on reformatted competitions]，AFC</ref>。 ==晉級隊伍== <section begin="Qualified"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" ! 隊伍 !! 晉級途徑 !! 晉級日期 |- |align="left"|{{fb|KSA}}||東道主||2023年2月1號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|AUS}}||外圍賽第二圈I組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|IRQ}}||外圍賽第二圈F組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|IRN}}||外圍賽第二圈E組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|UZB}}||外圍賽第二圈E組次名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|QAT}}||外圍賽第二圈A組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|UAE}}||外圍賽第二圈H組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|JPN}}||外圍賽第二圈B組首名||2024年3月30號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|KOR}}||外圍賽第二圈C組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|OMA}}||外圍賽第二圈D組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|PLE}}||外圍賽第二圈I組次名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|BHR}}||外圍賽第二圈H組次名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|JOR}}||外圍賽第二圈G組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|CHN}}||外圍賽第二圈C組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|IDN}}||外圍賽第二圈F組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|PRK}}||外圍賽第二圈B組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|KUW}}||外圍賽第二圈A組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|KGZ}}||外圍賽第二圈D組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|SYR}}||外圍賽第三圈E組首名||2025年10月14號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|SGP}}||外圍賽第三圈C組首名||2025年11月18號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|VIE}}||外圍賽第三圈F組首名||2026年3月17號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|TJK}}||外圍賽第三圈A組首名||2026年3月31號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|THA}}||外圍賽第三圈D組首名||2026年3月31號 |- |align="left"|{{fb |YEM}}||外圍賽第三圈B組首名||2026年6月4號 |}<section end="Qualified"/> ==賽事== ===第一圈=== {{#lst:2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽|QRD1}} ;輸波球隊排名 {{Sports table|style=WDL |update=complete |source=[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings.html AFC] |class_rules=1＞積分；2＞得失球差；3＞入球數；4＞公平競技積分；5＞抽籤 |team_order=BHU, MDV, LAO, CAM, SRI, MAC, GUM, MNG, TLS, BRU |name_MNG={{fb|MNG}} |name_MDV={{fb|MDV}} |name_GUM={{fb|GUM}} |name_SRI={{fb|SRI}} |name_MAC={{fb|MAC}} |name_CAM={{fb|CAM}} |name_TLS={{fb|TLS}} |name_BRU={{fb|BRU}} |name_BHU={{fb|BHU}} |name_LAO={{fb|LAO}} |win_MNG=0 |draw_MNG=0 |loss_MNG=2 |gf_MNG=0 |ga_MNG=2 |win_MDV=0 |draw_MDV=1 |loss_MDV=1 |gf_MDV=2 |ga_MDV=3 |win_GUM=0 |draw_GUM=0 |loss_GUM=2 |gf_GUM=1 |ga_GUM=3 |win_SRI=0 |draw_SRI=1 |loss_SRI=1 |gf_SRI=1 |ga_SRI=4 |win_MAC=0 |draw_MAC=1 |loss_MAC=1 |gf_MAC=1 |ga_MAC=5 |win_CAM=0 |draw_CAM=1 |loss_CAM=1 |gf_CAM=0 |ga_CAM=1 |win_TLS=0 |draw_TLS=0 |loss_TLS=2 |gf_TLS=0 |ga_TLS=7 |win_BRU=0 |draw_BRU=0 |loss_BRU=2 |gf_BRU=0 |ga_BRU=12 |win_BHU=1 |draw_BHU=0 |loss_BHU=1 |gf_BHU=2 |ga_BHU=4 |win_LAO=0 |draw_LAO=1 |loss_LAO=1 |gf_LAO=1 |ga_LAO=2 |res_col_header=Q |result1=AC |result2=AC |result3=AC |result4=ACPO |result5=ACPO |result6=ACPO |result7=WD |result8=ACPO |result9=ACPO |result10=ACPO |col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=晉級亞洲盃<br>外圍賽第三圈 |col_ACPO=yellow1 |text_ACPO=晉級亞洲盃<br>外圍賽附加賽圈 |col_WD=black1 |text_WD=放棄參與附加賽圈 }} ===第二圈=== ====A組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|F組}} ====G組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|G組}} ====H組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|H組}} ====I組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|I組}} ===附加賽圈=== {{Sports series|flag=n|generate_links=y |{{fb-rt|SRI}}|2-2 (4-2 p)|{{fb|CAM}}|0-0|2-2 (aet) |{{fb-rt|TLS}}|4-3|{{fb|MNG}}|4-1|0-2 |{{fb-rt|BRU}}|4-0|{{fb|MAC}}|3-0|1-0 }} ===第三圈=== ====A組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|F組}} ==參考== <references/> [[Category:亞足協亞洲盃]] [[Category:2027年亞足協亞洲盃]] t1bt638nzxgjeytzlwedcnh1c8hv3m8 2416481 2416480 2026-06-05T08:46:16Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 /* 晉級隊伍 */ 2416481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽'''會係2023年10月12號至2026年3月31號期間進行，係決定[[2027年亞足協亞洲盃]]決賽週參賽嘅24個席位，前兩圈同時係[[2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽]]一部份<ref>[https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/afc_competitions/news/afc_competitions_committee_approves_key_decisions_on_reformatted_competitions_1.html AFC Competitions Committee approves key decisions on reformatted competitions]，AFC</ref>。 ==晉級隊伍== <section begin="Qualified"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" ! 隊伍 !! 晉級途徑 !! 晉級日期 |- |align="left"|{{fb|KSA}}||東道主||2023年2月1號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|AUS}}||外圍賽第二圈I組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|IRQ}}||外圍賽第二圈F組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|IRN}}||外圍賽第二圈E組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|UZB}}||外圍賽第二圈E組次名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|QAT}}||外圍賽第二圈A組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|UAE}}||外圍賽第二圈H組首名||2024年3月26號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|JPN}}||外圍賽第二圈B組首名||2024年3月30號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|KOR}}||外圍賽第二圈C組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|OMA}}||外圍賽第二圈D組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|PLE}}||外圍賽第二圈I組次名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|BHR}}||外圍賽第二圈H組次名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|JOR}}||外圍賽第二圈G組首名||2024年6月6號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|CHN}}||外圍賽第二圈C組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|IDN}}||外圍賽第二圈F組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|PRK}}||外圍賽第二圈B組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|KUW}}||外圍賽第二圈A組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|KGZ}}||外圍賽第二圈D組次名||2024年6月11號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|SYR}}||外圍賽第三圈E組首名||2025年10月14號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|SGP}}||外圍賽第三圈C組首名||2025年11月18號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|VIE}}||外圍賽第三圈F組首名||2026年3月17號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|TJK}}||外圍賽第三圈A組首名||2026年3月31號 |- |align="left"|{{Fb|THA}}||外圍賽第三圈D組首名||2026年3月31號 |- |align="left"|{{fb|YEM}}||外圍賽第三圈B組首名||2026年6月4號 |}<section end="Qualified"/> ==賽事== ===第一圈=== {{#lst:2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽|QRD1}} ;輸波球隊排名 {{Sports table|style=WDL |update=complete |source=[https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings.html AFC] |class_rules=1＞積分；2＞得失球差；3＞入球數；4＞公平競技積分；5＞抽籤 |team_order=BHU, MDV, LAO, CAM, SRI, MAC, GUM, MNG, TLS, BRU |name_MNG={{fb|MNG}} |name_MDV={{fb|MDV}} |name_GUM={{fb|GUM}} |name_SRI={{fb|SRI}} |name_MAC={{fb|MAC}} |name_CAM={{fb|CAM}} |name_TLS={{fb|TLS}} |name_BRU={{fb|BRU}} |name_BHU={{fb|BHU}} |name_LAO={{fb|LAO}} |win_MNG=0 |draw_MNG=0 |loss_MNG=2 |gf_MNG=0 |ga_MNG=2 |win_MDV=0 |draw_MDV=1 |loss_MDV=1 |gf_MDV=2 |ga_MDV=3 |win_GUM=0 |draw_GUM=0 |loss_GUM=2 |gf_GUM=1 |ga_GUM=3 |win_SRI=0 |draw_SRI=1 |loss_SRI=1 |gf_SRI=1 |ga_SRI=4 |win_MAC=0 |draw_MAC=1 |loss_MAC=1 |gf_MAC=1 |ga_MAC=5 |win_CAM=0 |draw_CAM=1 |loss_CAM=1 |gf_CAM=0 |ga_CAM=1 |win_TLS=0 |draw_TLS=0 |loss_TLS=2 |gf_TLS=0 |ga_TLS=7 |win_BRU=0 |draw_BRU=0 |loss_BRU=2 |gf_BRU=0 |ga_BRU=12 |win_BHU=1 |draw_BHU=0 |loss_BHU=1 |gf_BHU=2 |ga_BHU=4 |win_LAO=0 |draw_LAO=1 |loss_LAO=1 |gf_LAO=1 |ga_LAO=2 |res_col_header=Q |result1=AC |result2=AC |result3=AC |result4=ACPO |result5=ACPO |result6=ACPO |result7=WD |result8=ACPO |result9=ACPO |result10=ACPO |col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=晉級亞洲盃<br>外圍賽第三圈 |col_ACPO=yellow1 |text_ACPO=晉級亞洲盃<br>外圍賽附加賽圈 |col_WD=black1 |text_WD=放棄參與附加賽圈 }} ===第二圈=== ====A組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|F組}} ====G組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|G組}} ====H組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|H組}} ====I組==== {{2026年FIFA世界盃亞洲區外圍賽第二圈積分榜|I組}} ===附加賽圈=== {{Sports series|flag=n|generate_links=y |{{fb-rt|SRI}}|2-2 (4-2 p)|{{fb|CAM}}|0-0|2-2 (aet) |{{fb-rt|TLS}}|4-3|{{fb|MNG}}|4-1|0-2 |{{fb-rt|BRU}}|4-0|{{fb|MAC}}|3-0|1-0 }} ===第三圈=== ====A組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|A組}} ====B組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|B組}} ====C組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|C組}} ====D組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|D組}} ====E組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|E組}} ====F組==== {{2027年亞足協亞洲盃外圍賽第三圈積分榜|F組}} ==參考== <references/> [[Category:亞足協亞洲盃]] [[Category:2027年亞足協亞洲盃]] 2epodsv7phuadodlpxruxow08g3ciof 0 337720 2416418 2126994 2026-06-05T03:50:00Z HenryLi 14 修 2416418 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kwun Yam Shan (Sha Tin District) 01.jpg|thumb|響吊草岩嘅標誌表示觀音山村。]] [[File:Views from Temple Hill 01.jpg|thumb|從[[慈雲山]]眺望觀音山部分。[[大老山]]喺背景中清晰可見。]] {{about|沙田區嘅鄉村||觀音山}} '''觀音山'''係[[香港]]一[[村]]，[[官富山]]觀音山入便，地屬[[沙田區]]。 ==簡介== 話就沙田區，但近黃大仙北部。不過去[[大老山隧道]]收費廣場路，要經過郊野公園封咗，車唔到去沙田。對外交通得私家車、的士、NR806巴士往返[[彩雲邨|彩雲]]同[[黃大仙區|黃大仙]]。 ==交通== 觀音山位處[[官富山]]當中，雖然屬於沙田區，但行車去沙田新市鎮非常轉折，須經過九龍；步行去[[沙田 (香港)|沙田]][[小瀝源]]卻又唔算遙遠。 [[觀坪路]]係觀音山獨估行車出路，北起觀音山主村落，南至[[吊草岩]]後，經[[沙田㘭道]]、[[扎山道]]上落山到九龍。而觀音山去沙田，本身有通行數百年[[山徑]]，沿[[馬麗口坑]]順流而下[[小瀝源]]。1970年代，小瀝源闢建對外道路，同時建路，接駁半山上馬麗口坑，連接[[萬宜水庫]]西面輸水隧道水務設施。村民因觀坪路、沙田㘭道、扎山道等出入，必經之路路途陡峭、路面破舊，向有關當局申請過，起路出沙田不果，卒之喺1990年，集資百萬元自行興築車路，連接水務設施通道，號稱「百萬大道」<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mozmolj.blogspot.com/2013/10/1_3.html |title=L J 的光影紀錄: 九龍群山-慈雲山 1 |access-date=2019-01-29 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906192918/http://mozmolj.blogspot.com/2013/10/1_3.html}}</ref>。但政府旋即因佔用[[郊野公園]]封閉該路<ref>《大公報》號31363（1991年2月21日），頁11，〈觀音山村民擅自築路 港府決定採行動起訴〉。</ref>，兩邊到依家仍以[[石躉]]隔住，禁止車同單車入。 原有居民巴士NR806線因經營嚴重虧損，於2019年1月16日取消服務<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20130710/00176_012.html |title=觀音山村恐成「孤島」 |access-date=2015-09-03 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122070847/http://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20130710/00176_012.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20181220/bkn-20181220045800788-1220_00822_001.html |title=探射燈：山村邨巴停運 居民無助運署袖手 |access-date=2018-12-22 |archive-date=2021-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121030015/https://hk.on.cc/hk/bkn/cnt/news/20181220/bkn-20181220045800788-1220_00822_001.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL-pBHvjg3Y |title=無交通工具上山？沙田觀音山上村變孤島！ - 東張西望 |access-date=2019-01-17 |archive-date=2020-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524161138/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL-pBHvjg3Y }}</ref>，一度公共交通得市區。居民巴士NR806線喺2020年7月2日恢復服務。 ==鄉村情況== 觀音山可以起[[新界]][[丁屋]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.landsd.gov.hk/doc/en/small-house/rv0909.pdf |title=在新界小型屋宇政策下之認可鄉村名冊 |last= |first= |date=September 2009 |website= |publisher=[[地政總署]] |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>。 ==睇埋== * [[崗背]] ==鄉郊一般選舉== ===二零一五年鄉郊一般選舉=== '''原居民代表'''：王茂基 (自動當選)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/village/2015/ch/2015roe_appendix11b.pdf |title=二零一五年鄉郊一般選舉 原居民代表選舉結果 |access-date=2015-09-03 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232859/http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/village/2015/ch/2015roe_appendix11b.pdf }}</ref> '''居民代表'''：王金水 (自動當選)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/village/2015/ch/2015roe_appendix11a.pdf |title=二零一五年鄉郊一般選舉 居民代表選舉結果 |access-date=2015-09-03 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232852/http://www.eac.gov.hk/pdf/village/2015/ch/2015roe_appendix11a.pdf }}</ref> ==攷== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== {{commons category|Kwun Yam Shan (Sha Tin District)}} * [https://www.had.gov.hk/rre/images/village_map1922/R/r-st-08.pdf 居民代表選舉觀音山及崗背（沙田）的劃定現有鄉村範圍（2019年至2022年）] {{coord|22.364002|114.214738|display=title}} [[類:沙田區]] 697l42y2dapwp6e1gm0edphdmurconz 0 339907 2416419 2166519 2026-06-05T03:50:56Z HenryLi 14 通 2416419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bianco e Nero.svg|right|150px]] '''布傑約維採'''（{{lang-en|VK České Budějovice}}）係[[捷克]]職業[[排球]]球會，坐鎮[[布傑約維采]]，依家打緊捷[[克超級排球聯賽]]<ref>[https://www.flashscore.com/team/ceske-budejovice/Crdl5TM1/ Flashscore]</ref>。 ==榮譽== *捷克超級排球聯賽冠軍：2000年、2002年、2007年、2008年、2009年、2011年、2012年、2014年、2017年、2019年、2024年 *捷克排球盃冠軍：1999年、2000年、2002年、2003年、2011年、2019年、2020年、2022年 ==攷== <references/> ==連出去== *[https://www.volejbalcb.cz/ 官方網站] [[Category:排球會]] [[Category:捷克排球會]] 1jrwlageqgdfklfxp4y5mrjxyxre3a1 0 340438 2416451 2145688 2026-06-05T04:26:00Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:新營火車站前站.jpeg | thumb | right | 外觀]]'''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'''係[[臺灣鐵路公司]][[縱貫線南段]]嘅一個鐵路車站。 {{geo-stub}}{{縱貫線南段}} [[Category:臺灣鐵路站]] pmj4rx3kmkb0gex18q6ybjpbbcs9tlr 0 340970 2416360 2147615 2026-06-05T02:22:04Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:三鶯線陶瓷老街站(LB09)站體模擬圖.jpg | thumb | right | 構想圖]]'''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'''係[[新北捷運]][[三鶯線]]嘅一個興建緊嘅車站。 {{rail-stub}}{{新北捷運車站}} [[Category:臺灣鐵路站]] 1je34mg2nj918ayybhbg6qmljqf2yem 0 343549 2416253 2165511 2026-06-04T15:39:48Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xenomorph.jpg | thumb | right | 推廣展品]]《'''異形：羅穆盧斯'''》（'''Alien: Romulus'''）係齣2024年美國電影，《[[異形 (電影)|異形]]》嘅外傳作品，由[[費德亞發拉斯]]執導，[[佳莉絲柏妮]]、[[伊莎貝拉莫塞]]、[[大衛莊遜]]主演。 {{film-stub}} [[Category:2024年電影]] [[Category:美國電影]] irr0qixlpcgbl98ykrefm748rne4vw7 0 344485 2416373 2411093 2026-06-05T02:31:49Z Tyamiga 237214 2416373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unreferenced}} {{電視節目信息框 | 名稱 = HOY動音樂 |英文名稱 = {{lang|en|HOY Music}} | 圖片 = <!--[[file:HOY_TV_HOY動音樂_ID.jpg|300px]]--> | 類型 = 音樂 | 主持 = | 國家 = | 地區 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 每集長 = 120分鐘 | 電視網 = [[HOY 77]] | 電視臺 = [[有線寬頻開電視]] | 視頻制式 = {{lang|en|HDTV 1080i}} | 音頻制式 = 立體聲 | 首播國家 = | 首播地區 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = 2024年8月26號 | 結束 = 2026年6月7號 | 播出時間 = 每日深夜01:00-03:00 }} 《'''HOY動音樂'''》（{{lang-en|'''HOY Music'''}}）係[[香港]][[有線寬頻開電視]]製作嘅[[音樂節目]]，主要播香港流行歌手嘅[[MV]]為主，唔設主持介紹，形式類似[[無綫電視]]所播放嘅《[[MUSIC BREAK]]》同[[香港電視娛樂]]嘅《[[Chill Club 推介]]》。節目由2024年8月26號深夜（27號凌晨）到2026年6月7號深夜（8號凌晨），每日01:00-03:00，喺[[HOY 77]]{{notetag|name="HOY77"|2026年5月10號前叫「HOY TV」}}播，唔提供網上重溫。 ==停播紀錄== *2024年8月29號：因應播放[[2024年夏季殘疾人奧林匹克運動會]]開幕典禮，呢個節目停播一次。 *2024年9月9號：因應播放[[2024年夏季殘疾人奧林匹克運動會]]閉幕禮，呢個節目停播一次。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} <!--==參考資料== {{reflist}}--> [[Category:香港深宵節目]] [[Category:2024年有線寬頻開電視節目]] [[Category:2025年有線寬頻開電視節目]] [[Category:2026年有線寬頻開電視節目]] r90m52eqn00l4i7rq44xpamj2kooz4m 0 345015 2416460 2412212 2026-06-05T04:32:37Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced}} {{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 陳蔚菁 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Wai Ching | 英文名 = JanJan Chan | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1992|11|06}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{HKG}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 節目主持 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2020年 | 活躍年代 = 2020年到而家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = [[ViuTV]]（2020年-） | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|magicaljanjan}} | 獎 = }} '''陳蔚菁'''（{{lang-en|JanJan Chan Wai Ching}}，{{bd|1992年|11月6號}}），係香港一位[[占卜]]師，自稱「魔法塔羅師」，擅長用[[塔羅牌]]占卜，亦參與過唔少[[ViuTV]]電視節目。 ==演出== ===電視節目（ViuTV）=== *2020年：《[[對號入座]]》主持 *2022年：《[[商睇]]》第3-5集嘉賓 *2022年：《[[GO！執！事務所]]》主持 *2022年：《[[總有一瓣喺左近]]》第255集嘉賓 *2023年：《[[35+ LOVE]]》第12集嘉賓 *2024年：《[[美麗40路]]》第11集嘉賓 *2025年：《[[咁樣過年至正路]]》嘉賓主持 *2026年：《[[馬力十足賀新年]]》嘉賓主持 *2026年：《[[講玄]]》第2集嘉賓 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{Instagram|magicaljanjan}} {{HK-bio-stub}} [[Category:香港人]] [[Category:占卜]] [[Category:陳氏|蔚菁]] 9nzblfvx9zr4besox5yxv3gb7zv2rlw 0 345544 2416254 2260675 2026-06-04T15:40:07Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:215_Oenone.png | thumb | right | 模型]]'''小行星215'''（'''215 Oenone'''），係[[太陽系]][[小行星帶]]嘅一粒[[小行星]]，喺1880年4月7號發現。 [[Category:小行星]] {{Asteroid-stub}} 2pordtdn55u0ihalz03w1b8bkgbeurv 0 345724 2416367 2260809 2026-06-05T02:27:20Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:000341-asteroid_shape_model_(341)_California.png | thumb | right | 模型]]'''小行星341'''（'''341 California'''），係[[太陽系]][[小行星帶]]嘅一粒[[小行星]]，喺1892年9月25號發現。 [[Category:小行星]] {{Asteroid-stub}} 0pgkrrzuobp84tpps4x6bzzhuh5bk3d 0 345754 2416427 2260840 2026-06-05T03:56:14Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:371Bohemia_(Lightcurve_Inversion).png | thumb | right | 模型]]'''小行星371'''（'''371 Bohemia'''），係[[太陽系]][[小行星帶]]嘅一粒[[小行星]]，喺1893年7月16號發現。 [[Category:小行星]] {{Asteroid-stub}} ms7q6yetnnnm962rtbto2eosxoy1kef 0 346230 2416430 2206373 2026-06-05T03:58:22Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cleanup}} [[File:Green_Hill_Zone_(Sonic_the_Hedgehog).png | thumb | right | 畫面]] '''綠山丘區'''係1991年喺[[世嘉Mega Drive]]上面發行嘅[[平台遊戲]]《[[超音鼠 (1991年遊戲)|超音鼠]]》嘅第一個[[關卡 (電子遊戲)|關卡]]。呢個關卡充滿草地同生機，有啲環境特徵好似棕櫚樹、[[垂直環]]同懸崖，仲係好多森林動物嘅家園。同遊戲嘅其他關卡一樣，綠山丘區有三個Acts；喺第三個Act，超音鼠要同反派[[蛋頭博士]]打鬥，之後先可以去第二個關卡「大理石區」。呢個關卡係由[[關卡設計師]][[安原弘和]]設計，音樂主題由[[中村正人]]創作。 綠山丘區被認為係經典嘅電子遊戲關卡，同《[[超級瑪利歐兄弟]]》嘅第一關[[World 1-1]]一樣咁出名。呢個關卡同佢嘅音樂都受到評論家嘅好評。佢仲出現喺呢個系列嘅其他遊戲入面，例如《[[超音鼠大冒險2]]》、《[[超音鼠世代]]》、《[[超音鼠狂熱]]》、《[[超音鼠武力]]》同《[[超音鼠 開放世界]]》。評論家仲注意到其他遊戲嘅關卡都有類似綠山丘區嘅美學風格。 ==簡介== 綠山丘區係《[[超音鼠 (1991年遊戲)|超音鼠]]》嘅第一關。佢位於南島，<ref name="Sonic manual">{{cite book | type=manual booklet | title=Sonic the Hedgehog | date=1991 |language=ja}}</ref>{{rp|4}}係一個生機勃勃、草木繁茂嘅場景，有獨特嘅特徵好似下垂嘅棕櫚樹<ref name="cubicle">{{cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Levi |date=August 12, 2010 |title=Who Wants to Work in the Green Hill Zone? |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/08/12/who-wants-to-work-in-the-green-hill-zone |access-date=May 3, 2014 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref>同崩塌嘅懸崖。<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|7}}此外，同遊戲後面嘅關卡一樣，綠山丘區有啲環境特徵同障礙物，例如斜坡、<ref name="cubicle"/>[[垂直環]]、隧道、彈簧板、尖刺、<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|7}}同[[存檔點]]。<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|5}}平時呢度住住森林動物，但係反派[[蛋頭博士]]喺遊戲開始之前將佢哋囚禁喺叫做Badniks嘅機械人入面，所以玩家要摧毀呢啲機械人先可以解放動物。<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|2}}綠山丘區有三個Act，Act 3嘅最後有場同蛋頭博士嘅[[Boss戰]]。<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|10}}打贏蛋頭博士之後，超音鼠就會去到第二關，以熔岩為主題嘅[[大理石區]]。<ref name="Sonic manual"/>{{rp|7}} ==開發== 《超音鼠》係由新成立嘅[[Sonic Team]]創造嘅，呢個15人嘅[[世嘉]]子公司成立嘅目的就係要創造一個可以同[[任天堂]]嘅[[瑪利歐]]競爭嘅角色。遊戲嘅[[關卡設計]]由[[安原弘和]]負責，<ref name="1up">{{cite web|url=http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-sonic|title=Sonic Boom|website=[[1UP.com]]|last=Kennedy|first=Sam|access-date=May 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328053950/http://www.1up.com/features/essential-50-sonic|archive-date=28 March 2017}}</ref>音樂主題由日本樂隊[[Dreams Come True (樂隊)|Dreams Come True]]嘅[[中村正人]]作曲。<ref name="cvg" />設計綠山丘區嘅時候，安原弘和受到美國[[加利福尼亞州]]嘅啟發，而整個遊戲嘅配色方案則受到[[普普藝術]]家鈴木英人嘅作品影響。<ref name="retro">{{cite journal|journal=[[Retro Gamer]]|issue=100|date=February 2012|title=The Making of Sonic the Hedgehog|pages=46–49}}</ref> 遊戲嘅程序員[[中裕司]]表示，佢用咗差唔多一年時間先創造出綠山丘區，而且喺最後版本出嚟之前，呢個關卡經歷咗多次創造同摧毀嘅過程。<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=November 2014 |title=Book of Genesis |url=https://archive.org/details/Edge_Gaming/Edge%20Gaming%20Magazine%20272/page/88/mode/2up |magazine=[[Edge (雜誌)|Edge]] |issue=272 |pages=89 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ==商品== 一套以呢個關卡為主題嘅[[樂高創意系列]]積木套裝喺2022年1月1號推出。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lego.com/en-us/aboutus/news/2021/december/lego-sonic-the-hedgehog-green-hill-zone-set |title= From Players to Builders: The new LEGO Ideas Sonic the Hedgehog™ Green Hill Zone set offers fans a fun run of nostalgia |author=Lego Group |date=December 28, 2021 |website= Lego.com |publisher= Lego |access-date=December 28, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EOCfI13vRs|title=LEGO Ideas Sonic the Hedgehog™ – Green Hill Zone 21331 Designer Video|date=January 14, 2022|publisher=|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ideas.lego.com/blogs/a4ae09b6-0d4c-4307-9da8-3ee9f3d368d6/post/f25c8120-f921-40af-af8b-a061179e1cb5?cmp=social-5s6irv-SHOP|title=LEGO Ideas Second 2020 Review Results|website=Lego Ideas|date=4 February 2021 |access-date=February 4, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lego.com/en-us/product/sonic-the-hedgehog-green-hill-zone-21331?p=21331|title=Sonic the Hedgehog™ – Green Hill Zone 21331|website=Lego|access-date=December 28, 2021}}</ref>《[[Kotaku]]》嘅Alice Clarke對佢嘅評價好參差，佢話呢個套裝"唔係最刺激嘅砌法"，仲話佢嘅價錢高，但係《超音鼠》嘅粉絲會鍾意。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Alice |date=2022-03-04 |title=Lego's Sonic The Hedgehog Green Hill Zone Set Is A Love Letter To The Old Blue Blur |url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2022/03/legos-sonic-the-hedgehog-green-hill-zone-set-is-a-love-letter-to-the-old-blue-blur/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Kotaku Australia |language=en-AU |archive-date=2023-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510153701/https://www.kotaku.com.au/2022/03/legos-sonic-the-hedgehog-green-hill-zone-set-is-a-love-letter-to-the-old-blue-blur/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==反响== 綠山丘關卡被評論家認為係經典嘅、知名嘅電子遊戲關卡。《Polygon》嘅Samit Sarkar同《Destructoid》嘅Jim Sterling同Chris Carter都形容佢係"經典"。相似噉,《Official Nintendo Magazine》嘅Joe Skrebels形容佢係"令人懷舊嘅",而《Joystiq》嘅Christopher Grant認為佢"應該擺喺你嘅復古遊戲神龕中心"。《Complex》嘅Kevin Wong話呢個遊戲同關卡嘅人氣咁高,"就算你冇Mega Drive,都會係百貨公司玩呢關,等你父母去購物"。MakeUseOf嘅Craig Snyder將呢個關卡列為電子遊戲五大最佳關卡之一,話佢係"準備之後嘅嘢嘅好方法"。 呢個關卡嘅背景音樂特別令人難忘。《Computer and Video Games》嘅Andy Kelly形容綠山丘主題係"Sega懷舊嘅偉大一片",《GamesRadar》嘅Justin Towell都話佢係經典。《Game Informer》嘅Tim Turi覺得呢個關卡嘅音樂"朗朗上口",而Wong將佢排喺16位元時代第十三大遊戲音樂。 == 影響 == 之後嘅《超音鼠》遊戲經常會有綠光山丘關卡嘅回顧。Turi指出,《超音鼠2》嘅翡翠山丘關卡、《超音鼠3 & 毛毛球》嘅蘑菇山丘關卡,同埋《超音鼠英雄》嘅海濱山丘關卡都係同一種模式,話"玩家已經玩過綠光山丘關卡幾十次"。不過,佢認為《超音鼠世代》入面嘅原版綠光山丘關卡"喺2D同3D版本都勝過晒所有"。<ref name="catchy" /> Nintendo World Report嘅Justin Baker同Skrebels都將《超音鼠迷失世界》嘅風丘關卡比喻成綠光山丘關卡,<ref name="trailer">{{cite web |last=Baker |first=Justin |date=May 28, 2013 |title=First Trailer for Sonic Lost World Released |url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/34359/first-trailer-for-sonic-lost-world-released |access-date=May 3, 2014 |publisher=Nintendo World Report}}</ref><ref name="onm" />而Carter都覺得《薩爾達傳說》嘅下載內容關卡都有相似之處。<ref name="yoshi" /> 喺其他系列遊戲入面加入綠光山丘關卡嘅決定,例如《超音鼠力量》,引起咗一啲粉絲嘅爭議,佢哋認為世嘉自從呢個關卡首次登場之後就濫用咗佢。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frank |first1=Allegra |date=26 April 2017 |title=Sonic fans are getting a little tired of Green Hill Zone |url=https://www.polygon.com/2017/4/26/15435090/sonic-forces-green-hill-zone-gameplay |access-date=June 7, 2017 |website=Polygon}}</ref> 《超音鼠狂熱》入面嘅綠光山丘關卡成為咗呢個遊戲最"激烈爭議"嘅速通課程之一,因為相比原版佢增加咗複雜性。速通玩家進一步優化路線時,發現通過呢個關卡最快嘅路線會不斷喺上、中、下段之間轉換。著名嘅速通玩家Trihex將呢個關卡形容為"一隻怪獸",因為佢嘅難度包括咗計時平台。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandra |first=Heather |date=2017-09-12 |title=How Speedrunners Are Racing Through Green Hill Zone, Sonic Mania's Most Contested Level |url=https://kotaku.com/how-speedrunners-are-racing-through-green-hill-zone-so-1803781579 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=[[Kotaku]] |language=en}}</ref> 為咗慶祝超音鼠15週年,世嘉喺2006年喺佢哋嘅網站上發布咗一個綠光山丘關卡嘅紙模型PDF版本。<ref name="paper" /> 喺2011年,就係《超音鼠世代》發售唔耐之後,世嘉舉辦咗一個比賽,邀請玩家上傳喺少過一分五十秒內完成遊戲3D版綠光山丘關卡嘅YouTube影片;優勝者可以贏到超音鼠嘅周邊商品。<ref name="onefifty">{{cite web |last=Good |first=Owen |date=November 2, 2011 |title=Run Green Hill Zone in Under 1:50 and Collect Some Nice ''Sonic'' Merch |url=http://kotaku.com/5855903/run-green-hill-zone-in-under-150-and-collect-some-nice-sonic-merch |access-date=May 3, 2014 |website=Kotaku}}</ref> 喺超音鼠30週年期間,中村同Dreams Come True發布咗"Tsugi no Se~no! De - On The Green Hill - DCT version",係綠光山丘關卡主題曲第一次加入歌詞嘅單曲,喺2021年7月7號發布。幾個月之後嘅同年9月,一條音樂影片隨之發布。<ref>{{cite web |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=September 15, 2021 |title=Sonic's iconic Green Hill Zone soundtrack finally has lyrics |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-09-15-sonics-iconic-green-hill-zone-soundtrack-finally-has-lyrics |access-date=September 15, 2021 |work=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=DREAMS COME TRUE「次のせ〜の！で - ON THE GREEN HILL - DCT VERSION」(Official Video) | date=12 September 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qeSx1G5u2oU |access-date=2021-09-17 |language=en}}</ref> 之後仲發布咗一個更似Mega Drive/Mega CD音色嘅另一版本,叫做"Masado & Miwasco version"。<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ja:次のせ～の！で - ON THE GREEN HILL - DCT VERSION / DREAMS COME TRUE |url=https://dreamscometrue.com/tsuginosenode/ |access-date=2021-09-17 |script-website=ja:次のせ～の！で - ON THE GREEN HILL - DCT VERSION / DREAMS COME TRUE}}</ref> ==睇埋 == *[[關卡設計]] ==參考資料== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mega Drive]] [[Category:超音鼠]] [[Category:電子遊戲關卡]] [[Category:電子遊戲場景]] 4393nrs44jr6kmtdnn8jbj7ae7w622k 0 350778 2416338 2315590 2026-06-05T01:47:15Z Tyamiga 237214 /* 電視節目（ViuTV） */ 2416338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|張家朗}} '''莊家朗'''（'''Brendan'''），綽號「'''澳洲仔'''」，係嚟自[[澳洲]]嘅[[香港]]YouTuber，[[雪梨 (澳洲)|雪梨]]出世同成長，2019年開始到香港進修同打工，之後經營自己嘅[[YouTube]]頻道，並學識咗一口流利[[粵語|廣東話]]。 ==演出== ===電視節目（ViuTV）=== *2024年：《[[唔鹹唔淡香港指南]]》主持 *2024年：《[[少數學多多]]》第2、8集嘉賓 *2024年：《[[今天只做1件事]]》第23集嘉賓 *2025年：《[[我要爆Show]]》第4、6、9集嘉賓 *2025年：《[[今天只做1件事]]》第134集嘉賓 *2025年：《[[730 玩返轉]]》第50集嘉賓 *2026年：《[[8點直樂 VIURIETY]]》「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」參加者 ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|gumdoughduck.tv}} {{HK-enter-bio-stub}} [[Category:香港YouTuber]] sszq5swp1ypuym3505laq3n0sf71g07 0 350852 2416333 2229908 2026-06-05T01:40:05Z HenryLi 14 修 2416333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''耶和華沙瑪'''（Jehovah-Shammah，希伯來文：יְהוָה שָׁמָּה，音譯：YHWH Shammah），意思係「[[耶和華]]在那裡」或者「耶和華與我同在」。個名出自《[[以西結書]]》48:35，描述[[上帝]]喺新[[耶路撒冷]]聖城同在，個名彰顯上帝應許永遠與子民同住。 ==名稱由來== 「耶和華沙瑪」呢個名稱喺《以西結書》48章最後一節出現，係以西結先知喺異象中見到新耶路撒冷嘅情景之後，為嗰座城所起嘅名字：「從此以後，呢座城嘅名字就叫『耶和華沙瑪』。」呢個名字係對以色列人嘅一個安慰同激勵，因為喺佢哋經歷流亡同被擄期間，上帝應許祂嘅同在永遠唔會離開。 ==聖經背景== 《以西結書》係一卷充滿異象同預言嘅聖經書卷，特別聚焦喺以色列人被擄巴比倫期間對佢哋嘅警告、審判同復興嘅盼望。《以西結書》最後幾章描述咗未來嘅聖城同聖殿，強調上帝嘅同在係祂子民得勝同復興嘅關鍵。 「耶和華沙瑪」呢個名稱體現咗上帝嘅同在唔再局限喺一個物理嘅地方，而係祂嘅榮耀會充滿祂嘅子民，無論佢哋去到邊度，祂都會喺佢哋中間。 ==屬靈意義== 「耶和華沙瑪」係上帝同在嘅象徵，提醒信徒無論喺咩情況，上帝都唔會離棄佢哋。喺基督教信仰入面，呢個名字進一步喺新約被彰顯，因為耶穌基督被稱為「以馬內利」（意思係「上帝與我哋同在」），而聖靈亦被賜畀信徒，成為上帝永遠同住嘅應許。 ==喺基督徒生活入面嘅應用== 「耶和華沙瑪」提醒基督徒，上帝無時無刻都喺佢哋身邊，特別喺困難、孤單或者迷失嘅時候，信徒可以藉住禱告去親近上帝，經歷祂嘅平安同力量。呢個名字亦鼓勵信徒要活出聖潔嘅生命，因為上帝嘅同在係聖潔嘅象徵。 ==相關經文== *《以西結書》48:35：「城嘅四圍共十八里，從此以後，呢座城嘅名字就叫『耶和華沙瑪』。」 *《馬太福音》28:20：「我就常與你哋同在，直到世界嘅末了。」 *《約翰福音》14:16-17：「我要求父，父就另外賜畀你哋一位保惠師，叫祂永遠同你哋同在。」 ==睇埋== *[[耶和華尼西]] *[[耶和華以勒]] *[[耶和華沙龍]] ==參考== *《聖經》舊約《以西結書》48章 *《新約聖經》入面關於上帝同在嘅應許 *基督教神學對「上帝同在」嘅探討 [[Category:聖經]] [[Category:基督教]] 008v3ho23tj73azjhl0fg64mpsnfnel 10 352242 2416272 2396316 2026-06-04T18:11:36Z B612cess 91142 2416272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch:{{{1|}}} 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| 籍貫 = {{CHN}}[[廣東省]][[東莞市]] | 職業 = [[藝人]]、[[保險經紀]]、[[講師]] | 語言 = 粵語、英語、國語 | 教育程度 = 博士畢業 | 母校 = 海星學校<br>陳瑞祺（喇沙）書院 | 配偶 = | 兒女 = | 宗教信仰 = [[基督教]] | 出道日期 = 1993年9月 | 出道作 = [[閃電傳真機]] | 活躍年代 = 1992年至2010年，2025年至今 | 經紀公司 = [[無綫電視]]（1993年至2009年） }} '''蔡子健'''（'''Ellesmere Choy'''，{{bd|1969年|12月28號}}）原名'''蔡嘉揚'''，係香港男演員，曾經係[[無綫電視]]藝員，拍過一啲劇集，亦主持過唔少遊埠節目同細路節目。 ==演出== {{expandlist}} ===電視劇（無綫電視）=== *2002年：《[[談判專家 (電視劇)|談判專家]]》飾 楊孝武（Jacky） *2005年：《[[酒店風雲]]》飾 王啟業 *2006年：《[[法證先鋒]]》飾 蘇志文 *2007年：《[[十兄弟]]》飾 周家禮 *2007年：《[[亂世佳人 (電視劇)|亂世佳人]]》飾 李成康 *2007年：《[[學警出更]]》飾 郭啟超 *2007年：《[[歲月風雲]]》飾 吳志明 *2008年：《[[太極 (電視劇)|太極]]》飾 柴崎克洋 *2008年：《[[師奶股神]]》飾 丁兆添 *2008年：《[[與敵同行]]》飾 楊健業 *2009年：《[[學警狙擊]]》飾 郭啟超 *2009年：《[[大冬瓜 (電視劇)|大冬瓜]]》飾 屈基 *2009年：《[[ID精英]]》飾 韓永年 *2010年：《[[秋香怒點唐伯虎]]》飾 彪 *2011年：《[[仁心解碼]]》飾 陳光亮 *2013年：《[[凶城計中計]]》飾 柳開福 ===電視劇（ViuTV）=== *2025年：《[[三命]]》飾 重案組督察 *2026年：《[[COURT!]]》飾 周文漢 {{HK-enter-bio-stub}} [[Category:香港男演員]] [[Category:香港電視節目主持人]] [[Category:前無綫電視男藝員]] [[Category:蔡氏|子健]] knb4a9p66pud11tb56s0vhndbil55oi 0 353830 2416398 2374503 2026-06-05T03:15:15Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 涂家堯 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 羅馬拼音 = Tao Ka Yiu | 英文名 = Gavin Tao | 暱稱 = | 職業 = 歌手 | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|1983|3|13}} | 出生地 = {{CHN-1949}} | 唱片公司 = TVB Music Group Limited | 相關團體 = | 網站 = {{instagram|gavin_coverchannel}}<br>[http://www.facebook.com/GavinTaoPage/ 涂家堯嘅Facebook頁] }} '''涂家堯'''（{{lang-en|'''Gavin Tao Ka Yiu'''}}，{{bd|1983年|3月13號}}）係[[香港]]男歌手，《[[中年好聲音]]》參賽者，並獲得了第九強{{冇根據|date=1月 2026}}，同埋係日本居酒屋餐廳股東之一{{冇根據|date=1月 2026}}。 ==簡歷== 涂家堯本身鍾意唱歌同跳舞。佢喺2020年參加[[無綫電視]]第一屆唱歌節目《[[中年好聲音]]》，成為九強選手。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2020年：《[[中年好聲音]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== *《消散的溫度》 == 參考網頁 == * {{instagram|gavin_coverchannel}} * [https://www.facebook.com/GavinTaoPage/ 涂家堯 Facebook] * 涂家堯 Youtube Channel https://www.youtube.com/@Gavintao313 [[Category:中年好聲音參賽者]] [[Category:涂氏|家堯]] {{香港藝人楔}} ccp9gpg4vb6zvtb0rqw54lyty2pkgpt 0 354073 2416463 2405431 2026-06-05T05:18:22Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced}} {{藝人 | 姓名 = 侯雋熙 | 類型 = 男藝人 | 別名 = | 圖片 = Duncan How 20250427.jpg | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = How Chun Hei | 英文名 = Duncan How | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = [[廣東]][[台山]] | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1996|2|17}} | 出生地 = {{HKG-1959}} | 語言 = [[英文]]、[[粵語]]、[[普通話]] | 音樂類型 = | 代表作 = | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 出道地點 = {{HK}} | 出道日期 = 2022年 | 活躍年代 = 2022年到依家 | 職業 = [[歌手]]、[[演員]] | 經紀公司 = [[無綫電視]]（2022年—） | 網站 = {{instagram|duncanhowj}} }} '''侯雋熙'''（{{lang-en|'''Duncan How Chun Hei'''}}，{{bd|1996年|2月17號}}）係《[[聲夢傳奇2]]》10強參賽者，香港[[無綫電視]]男藝員，同埋「Plan V」嘅組合。 ==簡歷== 侯雋熙喺香港出世並長大。2022年報名參加《[[聲夢傳奇2]]》，入圍至十強後止步，比賽完加入[[無綫電視]]做一個男藝員。2024年開始加入五人合組叫做「Plan V」。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2022年：《[[聲夢傳奇2]]》參賽者 *2026年：《[[唱錢]]》主持 ===電視劇（[[無綫電視]]）=== *2026年：《[[臥底嬌娃]]》飾 羅白 *2026年：《[[香港探秘地圖]]》飾 攣毛 ===電影=== *2026年：《[[夜王]]》飾 「東日夜總會」顧客（客串演出） == 參考 == {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|duncanhowj}} *[https://artiste.tvb.com/tc/artiste-profile/62c293ac33f7efed75b126c2/侯雋熙-Duncan-How 侯雋熙嘅TVB姿料] [[Category:無綫電視男藝員]] [[Category:聲夢傳奇2參賽者]] [[Category:侯氏|雋熙]] f6tygc1zcviiw36xk6spsrc7sgy36l5 0 355906 2416320 2287804 2026-06-05T01:21:32Z HenryLi 14 通 2416320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:600px bisection Red Black.svg|right|150px]] '''費達歷西亞足球會'''（{{lang-en|FC Fredericia}}）係[[丹麥]]職業[[足球]]球會，坐鎮[[腓特烈西亞]]，依家踢緊[[丹麥超級足球聯賽]]<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/denmark/fredericia/619/ Soccerway]</ref>。 ==攷== <references/> ==出面網站== *[https://fcfredericia.dk/ 官方網站] [[Category:足球會]] [[Category:丹麥足球球會]] ojokp1ohvbskoo6ctzuw027idwjtrkk 0 357180 2416282 2310752 2026-06-04T20:59:04Z ~2026-33218-63 338792 /* */ 2416282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 陳祉妍 | 類型 = 女演員 | 圖片 = File:Back to School Nicole Chan.jpg | 英文名 = Nicole Chan | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Chi Yin | 暱稱 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[普通話]]、[[英文]] | 教育程度 = 香港浸會大學電影學院 | 唱片公司 = | 經紀公司 = | 活躍年代 = | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth_year_and_age|2005|12|08}} | 相關團體 = }} '''陳祉妍'''（{{lang-en|'''Nicole Chan'''}} ，{{bd|2005年}}）係香港女演員，2025年喺[[香港浸會大學]]電影學院高級文憑（表演技巧）畢業。 ==演出== ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== {|class="wikitable" width="550px" |- style="background:pink; color:black" align="center" |style="width:80px"|'''年份'''||style="width:270px"|'''劇名'''||style="width:200px"|'''角色''' |- |- |2025年 |《[[社畜再培訓先導計劃]]》 | 張靖妍（Stephanie） |} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|nicolesoboring}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:陳氏|祉妍]] [[類:香港浸會大學舊生]] g1j163n9ddhp557j61ny78ywpt9fh8u 2416283 2416282 2026-06-04T21:07:34Z ~2026-33218-63 338792 /* */ 2416283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 陳祉妍 | 類型 = 女演員 | 圖片 = File:Back to School Nicole Chan.jpg | 英文名 = Nicole Chan | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Chi Yin | 暱稱 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[普通話]]、[[英文]] | 教育程度 = 香港浸會大學電影學院 | 唱片公司 = | 經紀公司 = | 活躍年代 = | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth date and age|2005|10|28}} | 相關團體 = }} '''陳祉妍'''（{{lang-en|'''Nicole Chan'''}} ，{{bd|2005年}}）係香港女演員，2025年喺[[香港浸會大學]]電影學院高級文憑（表演技巧）畢業。 ==演出== ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== {|class="wikitable" width="550px" |- style="background:pink; color:black" align="center" |style="width:80px"|'''年份'''||style="width:270px"|'''劇名'''||style="width:200px"|'''角色''' |- |- |2025年 |《[[社畜再培訓先導計劃]]》 | 張靖妍（Stephanie） |} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|nicolesoboring}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:陳氏|祉妍]] [[類:香港浸會大學舊生]] oxmqhshr6inkigqmkpy3u0gu1a8hrk2 2416285 2416283 2026-06-04T21:57:58Z ~2026-33225-23 338796 2416285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 陳祉妍 | 類型 = 女演員 | 圖片 = File:Back to School Nicole Chan.jpg | 英文名 = Nicole Chan | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Chi Yin | 暱稱 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[普通話]]、[[英文]] | 教育程度 = 香港浸會大學電影學院 | 唱片公司 = | 經紀公司 = | 活躍年代 = | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth_year_and_age|2005|12|08}} | 相關團體 = }} '''陳祉妍'''（{{lang-en|'''Nicole Chan'''}} ，{{bd|2005年}}）係香港女演員，2025年喺[[香港浸會大學]]電影學院高級文憑（表演技巧）畢業。 ==演出== ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== {|class="wikitable" width="550px" |- style="background:pink; color:black" align="center" |style="width:80px"|'''年份'''||style="width:270px"|'''劇名'''||style="width:200px"|'''角色''' |- |- |2025年 |《[[社畜再培訓先導計劃]]》 | 張靖妍（Stephanie） |} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|nicolesoboring}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:陳氏|祉妍]] [[類:香港浸會大學舊生]] g1j163n9ddhp557j61ny78ywpt9fh8u 2416290 2416285 2026-06-04T23:00:42Z WikiCantona 1133 {{BLP unsourced}} 2416290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced}}{{藝人 | 姓名 = 陳祉妍 | 類型 = 女演員 | 圖片 = File:Back to School Nicole Chan.jpg | 英文名 = Nicole Chan | 羅馬拼音 = Chan Chi Yin | 暱稱 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[普通話]]、[[英文]] | 教育程度 = 香港浸會大學電影學院 | 唱片公司 = | 經紀公司 = | 活躍年代 = | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 出生日期 = {{birth_year_and_age|2005|12|08}} | 相關團體 = }} '''陳祉妍'''（{{lang-en|'''Nicole Chan'''}} ，{{bd|2005年}}）係香港女演員，2025年喺[[香港浸會大學]]電影學院高級文憑（表演技巧）畢業。 ==演出== ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== {|class="wikitable" width="550px" |- style="background:pink; color:black" align="center" |style="width:80px"|'''年份'''||style="width:270px"|'''劇名'''||style="width:200px"|'''角色''' |- |- |2025年 |《[[社畜再培訓先導計劃]]》 | 張靖妍（Stephanie） |} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|nicolesoboring}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:陳氏|祉妍]] [[類:香港浸會大學舊生]] s2l1shksv4kslatljqpnhdhme1awf1h 0 359302 2416464 2409090 2026-06-05T05:21:17Z Ronnie Yau 35955 /* 歌曲 */ 2416464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced}} {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 施詠輝 | 圖片 = File:施詠輝香港唱作歌手.jpg | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Sy Wing Fai | 英文名 = Sy Wing Fai, Jacks | 綽號 = 大輝 / S.W.F | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1992|9|14}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 男歌手、藝人、編曲人、音樂監製 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = 聖類斯中學 | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2026年 | 活躍年代 = 2018年到依家 | 出道作品 = 有些人有些關係 | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|swfjacks}}<br>{{URL|www.sywingfai.com}} | 獎 = }} '''施詠輝'''（{{lang-en|Sy Wing Fai, Jacks}}，{{bd|1992年|9月14號}}，綽為'''大輝''' / '''S.W.F'''），係香港男歌手，編曲人，音樂監製，節目主持人，同埋《[[Good Night Show 全民造星]]》嘅30強參賽者。 ==簡歷== 施詠輝喺香港成長，之前做過舞蹈員。2018年參加[[ViuTV]]節目《[[Good Night Show 全民造星]]》，成為92號參賽者，去到30強。完成比賽之後做咗音樂監製，作曲編曲人，幫過[[岑寧兒]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張馳豪]]、胡樂彤、[[歐國成]]、鄧禮迪、[[范浩賢]]、張光宇、蕭禮言等做歌<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.stars-hk.com/2026/02/27/%E6%96%BD%E8%A9%A0%E8%BC%9D-%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82/|title=造星1大輝正式出道成為樂壇新唱作人 首支派台歌 《有些人有些關係》 一手包辦曲詞編監混錄MV拍攝後製|last=浩楠|date=2026-02-27|website=STARSHK|language=zh-TW|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref>。 2021年參加過HMVOD真人show《敗者重生戰》<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.stheadline.com/realtime-entertainment/2160926/%E9%A0%AD%E6%A2%9D%E7%8D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A7%E8%BC%9D%E9%80%A0%E6%98%9FI30%E5%BC%B7%E6%AD%A2%E6%AD%A5-%E5%BF%83%E9%A1%98%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%9F%A5%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E4%BF%82%E9%82%8A%E5%80%8B|title=頭條獨家│大輝《造星I》30強止步 心願有人知自己係邊個|date=2021-09-29|website=星島頭條|language=zh-HK|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref>。 2023年跟胡樂彤推出合作單曲「長期水浸超多水凼」做佢嘉賓出演香港及台灣「my safe space mini live」巡迴演出。<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.stars-hk.com/2025/08/01/melody-wu%E8%83%A1%E6%A8%82%E5%BD%A4bipolar-music-live-2025%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%99/|title=Melody Wu胡樂彤Bipolar Music Live 2025香港站 一日唱兩場 全場爆滿|last=浩楠|date=2025-08-01|website=STARSHK|language=zh-TW|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref> 2024年參加《埋班作樂》，加入[[于逸堯]][[岑寧兒]]隊做佢地編曲人<ref>{{引網|url=https://makemusicwork.hk/MMWIII/news/2024/12/%E5%A5%BD%E6%8E%82%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA-%E3%80%8A%E5%9F%8B%E7%8F%AD%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%82III%E3%80%8B%E5%9C%93%E8%A6%8F/|title=好掂專訪 -《埋班作樂III》圓規 – 埋班作樂 音樂創作及製作人才培育計劃|website=makemusicwork.hk|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref>。 2026年2月21日正式宣佈出道，新歌叫有些人有些關係<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.my903.com/article/6188/%E6%96%BD%E8%A9%A0%E8%BC%9D%20S.W.F.%20-%20%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82|title=施詠輝 S.W.F. - 有些人有些關係｜派台歌｜my903.com|date=2026-02-23|work=my903.com|access-date=2026-02-27|language=zh-Hant}}</ref>。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2018年：《[[Good Night Show 全民造星]]》參賽者，編號92 *2021年：《[[囝囝女女730]]》第154至158集 - 嘉賓 ==歌曲== *2020年：《be your man》 *2021年：《跟世界不同沒有甚麼可卑》、《當音樂沒有了故事》、《真實之書》 *2023年：《長期水浸 超多水凼》（[[胡樂彤]]合唱） *2024年：《do what you wanna do》 *2025年：《在城市漫步時想起你》 *2026年：《有些人有些關係》、《星空在天花綻開》 == 製作歌曲 == {| class="wikitable" |+<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.sywingfai.com/works|title=Works {{!}} 大輝 S.W.F|website=sywingfai|language=en|access-date=2026-02-27}}</ref> !年份 !歌手 !歌曲 !參與部份 |- |2020 |歐國成 |有一種遺憾是不能遺忘、最後鐘聲 |混音、錄音 |- |2021 |歐國成 |當家 |混音、錄音 |- |2021 |胡樂彤 |注文津小品 |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2022 |符家浚 |致親、演唱會主題曲、第9届創+作 現代偽術 |編曲、監制 |- |2022 |胡樂彤 |煙斗男孩、第9届創+作 廟廟淼淼、葉、過去過不去 |編曲、監制 |- |2022 |胡樂彤 |Drunk Talk |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2022 |歐國成 |渴望、Kacey、離花 |混音、錄音 |- |2023 |歐國成 |是時候 |混音、錄音 |- |2023 |胡樂彤 |不想進入的房間 |編曲、監制 |- |2023 |鄧禮迪 |同類 |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2024 |鄧禮迪 |低俗悲劇 |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2024 |岑寧兒 |圓規 |編曲 |- |2024 |胡樂彤 |撇sss |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2025 |胡樂彤 |今晚想你countdown我大一歲、藏、夏日失格症、飄到黑洞去、親愛的你已經夠好、島嶼蒙太奇、女巫店 |編曲、監制 |- |2025 |胡樂彤 |港式大頭蝦、沉船自救手冊 |作曲、編曲、監制 |- |2025 |張馳豪 Aska & 龔嘉欣 Katy |我沒想過要這樣失去你 |編曲 |- |2025 |胡樂彤 |皮蛋 |作曲、填詞、編曲、監制 |- |2025 |蕭禮言 |無能者 |錄音 |- |2025 |張光宇 |再見易碎物(平安夜失格) |編曲、監制 |- |2025 |范浩賢 |跳掣公路 |作曲 |- |2026 |胡樂彤 |and so it goes |作曲、填詞、編曲、監制 |} ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|swfjacks}} *{{URL|www.sywingfai.com}} [[Category:Good Night Show 全民造星參賽者]] [[Category:施氏|詠輝]] 8e4cxvgrp29ze8timheps5qx9apw5zz 2 359598 2416412 2414358 2026-06-05T03:32:40Z HenryLi 14 補 2416412 wikitext text/x-wiki 按世界協調時 * [[香港仔大石角休憩花園]]。丙午年四月二十 * <bdi>[[大埔道七咪半休憩花園]]</bdi>。丙午年四月二十 * [[罌粟科]]。丙午年四月十二 * [[妖怪]]。丙午年三月廿三 * [[怪物]]。丙午年三月廿三 * [[毛茛屬]]。丙午年三月十八 * [[落葉植物]]。丙午年三月十六 * [[Interest]]。丙午年三月十二 * [[複息]]。丙午年三月十二 * [[Love]]。丙午年三月初八 * [[鴨嘴獸]]。丙午年三月初八 * <bdi>[[反攻]]</bdi>。丙午年三月初六 * <bdi>[[落花飛絮]]</bdi>。丙午年三月初六 * [[裸子植物]]。丙午年三月初三 * [[商學院]]。丙午年三月初二 * [[Telex]]。丙午年三月初二 * [[四眼仔]]。丙午年二月二十 * [[巴露啤喇]]。丙午年二月十三 * [[偷歡]]。丙午年二月十三 * [[大紅斑]]。丙午年二月十三 * [[奎宿增廿二]]。丙午年二月十三 * [[詹小屏]]。丙午年二月十三 * [[灣景街]]。丙午年二月十二 * [[公噸]]。丙午年二月十二 * [[CG]]。丙午年二月初十 * [[厘克]]。丙午年二月初十 * [[德庇時]]。丙午年正月十六 * [[線性代數]]。丙午年正月十三 * [[雜草]]。丙午年正月十一 * [[雪廠街]]。乙巳年十二月廿二 * [[氣窿]]。乙巳年十二月十五 * [[八號花園]]。乙巳年十二月十四 * [[樂葵徑]]。乙巳年十一月廿五 * [[東方三賢士]]。乙巳年十一月廿五 * [[曲街]]。<bdi>乙巳年十一月廿二</bdi> * <bdi>[[糧單]]。乙巳年十一月廿二</bdi> * <bdi>[[良田體育館]]</bdi><bdi>。</bdi><bdi>乙巳年十一月二十</bdi> * <bdi>[[元朗羅弼時爵士壁球場]]</bdi><bdi>。</bdi><bdi>乙巳年十一月二十</bdi> * <bdi>[[蒲崗村道體育館]]</bdi><bdi>。</bdi><bdi>乙巳年十一月二十</bdi> * <bdi>[[富善體育館]]</bdi><bdi>。</bdi><bdi>乙巳年十一月二十</bdi> * <bdi>[[太和體育館]]。</bdi><bdi>乙巳年十一月二十</bdi> * [[蚊]]。乙巳年十一月十八 * [[筆架山]]。乙巳年十一月十二 * [[槐]]。乙巳年十一月十一 * [[節禮日]]。乙巳年十一月初八 * [[阿公岩村道]]。乙巳年十一月初七 * [[英式肉批]]。乙巳年十一月初七 * [[亞公角山路]]。乙巳年十一月初六 * [[棠蔭街]]。乙巳年十一月初五 * [[耶穌降生]]。乙巳年十一月初五 * [[黃薑]]。乙巳年十一月初四 * [[浩園]]。乙巳年十一月初一 * [[三色雪糕]]。乙巳年十月三十 * [[辛拉麪]]。乙巳年十月三十 * [[萬寧 (零售商)]]。乙巳年十月廿九 * [[香港機場一覽]]。乙巳年十月廿八 * [[澳門醫院一覽]]。乙巳年十月廿七 * [[香港公共屋邨一覽]]。乙巳年十月廿七 * [[三角地 (大埔)]]。乙巳年十月廿六 * [[七政]]。乙巳年十月廿五 * [[廣福休憩處]]。乙巳年十月廿五 * [[天氣先生]]。乙巳年十月廿三 * [[油旺里]]'''。乙巳年十月二十''' * [[宏福苑]]。乙巳年十月十六 * [[西遊記]]。乙巳年八月十一、十二 * [[永平三年]]。乙巳年八月初九 * [[永平元年]]。乙巳年八月初九 * [[大佛口]]。乙巳年七月廿四 * [[五行]]。乙巳年七月廿二、廿三 gisynpjook9d1f2sp9dfdsvnmbk02v5 0 359882 2416309 2321513 2026-06-05T01:11:22Z HenryLi 14 通 2416309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maria Callas 1958.jpg|thumb|瑪麗亞卡拉絲]] '''瑪麗亞卡拉絲'''（{{lang-en|'''Maria Callas'''}}，{{bd|1923年|12月2號|1977年|9月16號}}），[[希臘]][[女高音]][[歌手]]，喺[[美國]]出世嘅，亦都係20世紀[[歌劇歌手]]，享負盛名，具影響力。 [[Category:美國女歌手]] {{bio-stub}} t8ic81xc1eb527aai59vu20tu6z8xc9 0 361757 2416445 2332762 2026-06-05T04:20:49Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chen_Ming-tong.jpg | thumb | right | 照]]'''{{PAGENAME}}'''，[[台灣]]政治人，曾經係中華民國任務型國民大會代表。 {{Template:中華民國任務型國民大會代表}} [[Category:台灣政治人]] 879v65xrdu9e8t7em2zuxy716irawh4 0 361848 2416404 2403487 2026-06-05T03:19:03Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男藝人 | 姓名 = 杜志遜 | 圖片 = VI 17 O To 20250601.jpg | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = To Chi Suen | 英文名 = Oqe | 綽號 = 阿O | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|2|26}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 自由工作者 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2025年 | 活躍年代 = 2025年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|oooqe_}} | 獎 = }} '''杜志遜'''（{{lang-en|'''To Chi Suen'''}}，{{bd|1995年|2月26號}}，綽號為'''阿O'''），係香港男藝人，自由工作者，亦係《[[全民造星VI]]》嘅參賽者之一。 ==簡歷== 杜志遜喺香港出世同成長，又做過自由工作者。2025年參加[[ViuTV]]節目《[[全民造星VI]]》，成為17號參賽者。 ==音樂作品== *2026年：《；》 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2025年：《[[全民造星VI]]》參賽者，17號 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *[http://kingmaker.viu.tv/contestants/17/阿O 全民造星VI #17 杜志遜 阿O] *{{instagram|oooqe_}} [[Category:全民造星VI參賽者]] [[Category:杜氏|志遜]] 6th2ue7cnimilnw5y7tn5jsv2d4e8ys 0 363659 2416293 2414762 2026-06-04T23:21:36Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|蓮花}}{{BLP unsourced}}{{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 連花 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Lin Fa | 英文名 = Kalin | 綽號 = Nika | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|2000|4|17}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}}<br>{{THA}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = 中泰混血 | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[泰文]] | 職業 = 演員 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2021年 | 活躍年代 = 2021年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|kkkkk_ka.lin}} | 獎 = }} '''連花'''（{{lang-en|Kalin Lin Fa}}，{{bd|2000年|4月17號}}，又叫'''Nika'''），係香港女演員，中泰混血兒，因為拍[[ViuTV]]嘅《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》而出名。 ==簡歷== 連花係一個中泰混血兒，喺香港出世同成長，並且識講[[泰文]]。佢2021年拍[[ViuTV]]節目《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》，飾演女團「YOLO」成員Nika。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2021年：《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》 飾 Nika *2026年：《[[8點直樂 VIURIETY]]》參加者，8號 ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2026年：《[[COURT!]]》 飾 謝詠晴 ===電影=== *2026年：《[[夜王]]》 飾 叮噹 ===MV=== *2025年：[[林家謙]]《夏日之子》 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *{{instagram|kkkkk_ka.lin}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:連氏|花]] pkaa2ox005w4ahjg8chqfsh41qfqc0t 2416336 2416293 2026-06-05T01:47:05Z Tyamiga 237214 /* 電視節目（ViuTV） */ 2416336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not|蓮花}}{{BLP unsourced}}{{藝人 | 類型 = 女藝人 | 姓名 = 連花 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Lin Fa | 英文名 = Kalin | 綽號 = Nika | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|2000|4|17}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}}<br>{{THA}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = 中泰混血 | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[泰文]] | 職業 = 演員 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2021年 | 活躍年代 = 2021年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|kkkkk_ka.lin}} | 獎 = }} '''連花'''（{{lang-en|Kalin Lin Fa}}，{{bd|2000年|4月17號}}，又叫'''Nika'''），係香港女演員，中泰混血兒，因為拍[[ViuTV]]嘅《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》而出名。 ==簡歷== 連花係一個中泰混血兒，喺香港出世同成長，並且識講[[泰文]]。佢2021年拍[[ViuTV]]節目《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》，飾演女團「YOLO」成員Nika。 ==演出== ===電視節目（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2021年：《[[YOLO的練習曲]]》 飾 Nika *2026年：《[[8點直樂 VIURIETY]]》「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」參加者，8號 ===電視劇（[[ViuTV]]）=== *2026年：《[[COURT!]]》 飾 謝詠晴 ===電影=== *2026年：《[[夜王]]》 飾 叮噹 ===MV=== *2025年：[[林家謙]]《夏日之子》 == 參考 == {{reflist}} == 出面網頁 == *{{instagram|kkkkk_ka.lin}} [[Category:香港女演員]] [[Category:連氏|花]] dhimd3tk3fpujhk7w8jhmrw729zpsft 0 363914 2416459 2348443 2026-06-05T04:31:13Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taiwan_HeSing_Railway_Station.JPG | thumb | right | 外觀]]'''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'''係[[臺灣鐵路公司]][[內灣線]]嘅一個鐵路車站。 {{geo-stub}} {{Template:台灣鐵路內灣線}} [[Category:臺灣鐵路站]] l1qd50nh0weisds0wb45777qr9825d2 0 364024 2416242 2401187 2026-06-04T12:58:36Z 吉成千奈美 130743 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416242 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''100 樣可能'''》（{{lang-en|'''100 Ways of Life'''}}）係一套由[[好好制作]]製作嘅生活資訊節目，由[[江嘉敏]]、[[倪安慈]]主持，由2025年12月8號到2026年1月23號，逢禮拜一到五20:30-21:00，喺[[香港]][[有線寬頻開電視]]嘅[[HOY TV]]首播。 == 主持陣容 == [[倪安慈]]、[[江嘉敏]]、[[洪韻騏]]（Wincy）、[[梁樂童]]、[[康志維]]、[[蔡嘉寶]]、[[冼迪琦]]（小迪）、[[游莨維]]（一蚊Joe）、[[任朗呈]]（Mountain）、[[陳興昌]]（阿昌）、謝燕娜 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題''' |- !colspan="3"|2025年 |- |01||12月8號||秘境大揭秘 西貢無人沙灘 深圳巨大書城 茶果嶺搬遷 士丹頓街文青路線 |- |02||12月9號||生活新趨勢 寄賣 銅板價挖寶 體驗式消費 |- |03||12月10號||從古代成都到台灣都市叢林 年輕人最新的解壓方式 |- |04||12月11號||城市創新不只科技 環保 性教育與平價體驗都在進化 |- |05||12月12號||打工人最想知道的四件事：住房、出走、批貨、補貨大公開 |- |06||12月15號||網路瘋傳肉餅飯據說是亞洲級美味，兩小時直達超狂「星艦營地」？開箱泰國生老病死咖啡館 |- |07||12月16號||企業結業白菜價！直擊消失的名店貨物 全素食夜市竟然能吃出逼真肉感 泰國遊船導遊竟然不是人 |- |08||12月17號||日本廚具無極限！是煮飯救星還是智商稅～解鎖香港溫差30度新玩法！ |- |09||12月18號||曾經是無人的廢棄小學 現在去的人比學生還多深圳在地人捨不得公開的美食戰場 |- |10||12月19號||只借不賣的共享溫情 室內極速滑雪熱雪奇蹟 東京監獄職人手作 撫遠第一縷日出 泰國蹦迪按摩 |- |11||12月22號|| |- |12||12月23號|| |- |13||12月24號|| |- |14||12月25號|| |- |15||12月26號|| |- |16||12月29號|| |- |17||12月30號|| |- |18||12月31號|| |- !colspan="3"|2026年 |- |19||1月1號|| |- |20||1月2號|| |- |21||1月5號|| |- |22||1月6號|| |- |23||1月7號|| |- |24||1月8號|| |- |25||1月9號|| |- |26||1月12號|| |- |27||1月13號|| |- |28||1月14號|| |- |29||1月15號|| |- |30||1月16號|| |- |31||1月19號|| |- |32||1月20號|| |- |33||1月21號|| |- |34||1月22號|| |- |35||1月23號|| |} ==軼事== *《[[好好生活]]》喺2025年6月頭開拍冇耐而又未首播時，已經宣佈節目「添食」拍第二季，呢套節目原本用《好好生活研究所》名義拍，但最後無用呢個名。 *據報道，呢個節目主持陣容原定係承繼自《好好生活》，但[[林穎彤]]推咗唔做，所以節目組搵咗倪安慈頂替。此外，呢個節目亦唔係跟返《好好生活》由有線寬頻開電視自家製作，而係交返畀[[好好制作]]製作。 ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[HOY TV]] |播放檔次=禮拜一到五20:30-21:00 |節目名稱='''100 樣可能'''<br>（2025.12.08－2026.01.23） |上一節目=[[煮題COOK|煮題COOK之舟山美食搜遊]]<br>（2025.11.24－2025.12.05） |下一節目=[[橫素全中國]]<br>（2026.01.26－2026.02.13） }} ==註解== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== *[https://hoy.tv/title/28003 HOY TV：100 樣可能] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyFQGDoSB-jKar6tMloZu3o1te2x8pHV HOY TV YouTube頻道：100 樣可能] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkqOzsNoWwYVCRNHlr66kMD2vSnFTMfeK 好好制作YouTube頻道：100 樣可能] {{2025年HOY TV自製綜藝節目}} {{2026年HOY TV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2025年有線寬頻開電視節目]] [[Category:2026年有線寬頻開電視節目]] cvso8q3pw1wct4hvybi4uf87ti5cjb7 0 364053 2416482 2414280 2026-06-05T08:50:28Z ~2026-33367-76 338847 2416482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2025年度版本嘅天氣家族.jpeg|thumb|天氣家族主要角色，其中包括係有：天氣囝囝（左面）、天氣狗狗（中間）、天氣先生（右面）]] '''天氣家族'''（{{langx|en|'''Weather Family'''}}）係[[香港]][[電視廣播有限公司|無綫電視]]《[[天氣報告 (無綫電視節目)|天氣報告]]》中嘅動畫，共有三個角色，分别成為[[天氣先生]]、[[天氣囝囝]]同埋[[天氣狗狗]]。 == 歷史 == 由2025年11月19號起，無綫電視將會「天氣囝囝」同埋「天氣狗狗」加入咗天氣家族，聯同天氣先生一齊成為觀眾提供天氣預測<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣先生Freddy家族成員今現身 天氣仔仔帶狗狗台慶起會公眾 |url=https://www.mytvsuper.com/tc/scoopplus/entertainment/e-news/16279797635148/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%85%88%E7%94%9FFreddy%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E4%BB%8A%E7%8F%BE%E8%BA%AB-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E4%BB%94%E4%BB%94%E5%B8%B6%E7%8B%97%E7%8B%97%E5%8F%B0%E6%85%B6%E8%B5%B7%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE |accessdate=2025-11-20 |work=東張+ |date=2025-11-19}}</ref>。 == 角色一覽 == {{Mainarticle|天氣家族角色一覽}} == 動畫一覽 == 自2025年11月19號起，天氣家族會以當晚翌日嘅天氣狀況作相應嘅動畫情景，以描述翌日天氣預測。 {|class="wikitable" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" align=center | '''天氣狀況''' | '''天氣家族動畫情景同登場角色''' |- |天晴 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>一行人正於草地散步。其後太陽出現，天氣先生同囝囝睇見過陽光，佩戴上太陽眼鏡，俾發出「呀」嘅聲音<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜今日天清氣朗！　入夜後可能會較大風 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6935f9868879e820fbdc26d5/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%A9%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%A3%E6%9C%97-%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%9C%E5%BE%8C%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E8%BC%83%E5%A4%A7%E9%A2%A8|accessdate=2025-12-08 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-08}}</ref>。 |- |陽光普照 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗、天氣先生<br>天氣囝囝和狗狗在草地上曬太陽，此時天氣先生慢慢從後靠近，想恐嚇天氣囝囝，囝囝後見天氣先生的影子，囝囝反來恐嚇天氣先生，天氣先生倒地，囝囝和狗狗在一旁取笑。 |- |漸轉天晴 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗、向日葵們<br>草地上佈滿向日葵，俾正曬着太陽。霎時有烏雲飄過，遮擋陽光，向日葵們發出「噢」嘅聲音；天氣囝囝拿着結他俾彈咗幾個音，烏雲隨即消散，陽光出現，囝囝發出「嗯哼」嘅聲音<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜周末天晴溫暖　幾日後會翻風 |url= https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6945cdc2b392e5851f24f879/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%AB%E5%A4%A9%E6%99%B4%E6%BA%AB%E6%9A%96-%E5%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%83%E7%BF%BB%E9%A2%A8 |accessdate=2025-12-20 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-20}}</ref>。 |- |大致天晴 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>陽光明媚，天氣先生駕車載著囝囝同狗狗到草地野餐。霎時有烏雲飄過，遮擋陽光，一行人發出「噢」嘅嘆氣聲；稍後烏雲消散，陽光再現，一行人發出「噢」、「耶」、「Yes」嘅聲音<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜早晨！　今日記得繼續著多件衫 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/691f46fd874d64c7c837f59c/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8-%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E8%A8%98%E5%BE%97%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E8%91%97%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%B6%E8%A1%AB |accessdate=2025-11-21 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-11-21 |archive-date=2025-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122013935/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/691f46fd874d64c7c837f59c/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8-%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E8%A8%98%E5%BE%97%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E8%91%97%E5%A4%9A%E4%BB%B6%E8%A1%AB }}</ref>。 |- |大致多雲 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝喺烏雲落踢波，天氣先生同狗狗跟隨在旁。霎時烏雲消散，陽光再現，一行人發出「呀」嘅聲音；惟其後烏雲再嚟，陽光消失，一行人發出「噢」嘅嘆氣聲，其後失落離去<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜要留意有一兩陣微雨 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692c77c9e435294129588f34/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E8%A6%81%E7%95%99%E6%84%8F%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E5%85%A9%E9%99%A3%E5%BE%AE%E9%9B%A8 |accessdate=2025-12-01 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-01 |archive-date=2025-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216160847/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692c77c9e435294129588f34/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E8%A6%81%E7%95%99%E6%84%8F%E6%9C%89%E4%B8%80%E5%85%A9%E9%99%A3%E5%BE%AE%E9%9B%A8 }}</ref>。 |- |漸轉多雲 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝<br>陽光充沛，天氣先生正駕車載着囝囝，囝囝拿着模型飛機。其後烏雲飄來，陽光俾遮擋，天氣先生發出「噢」嘅嘆氣聲，兩人表情失望<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜清涼又有些風　之後幾天日間會較和暖 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6963c9e0803b9023267bc4ee/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%B8%85%E6%B6%BC%E5%8F%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E9%A2%A8-%E4%B9%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E6%9C%83%E8%BC%83%E5%92%8C%E6%9A%96 |accessdate=2026-01-12 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2026-01-12 |archive-date=2026-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130223647/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6963c9e0803b9023267bc4ee/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%B8%85%E6%B6%BC%E5%8F%88%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%9B%E9%A2%A8-%E4%B9%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E6%9C%83%E8%BC%83%E5%92%8C%E6%9A%96 }}</ref>。 |- |多雲 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝<br>天氣囝囝正在草地遊玩遙控模型飛機。霎時烏雲飄過，遮蔽模型飛機，囝囝最終無奈地停止遊玩，俾發出「噢」同「唉」嘅嘆氣聲<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族登場｜天氣報告新成員同你打招呼　今天氣溫是否繼續清涼？ |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/691e0036874d64c7c82d3f2b/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B4%EF%BD%9C%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%96%B0%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%A0%E6%89%93%E6%8B%9B%E5%91%BC-%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E6%B8%85%E6%B6%BC |accessdate=2025-11-20 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-11-20 |archive-date=2025-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251122013805/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/691e0036874d64c7c82d3f2b/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B4%EF%BD%9C%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%96%B0%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%A0%E6%89%93%E6%8B%9B%E5%91%BC-%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E6%B8%85%E6%B6%BC }}</ref>。 |- |漸轉天晴幾陣驟雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝喺巴士站等候巴士，天色開始落雨，天氣狗狗叼着雨遮送畀囝囝，囝囝同狗狗撐着雨遮繼續等待巴士，雨突然停低，太陽出現<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜享受了周日晴天後　今天漸轉多雲　未來一兩天或會有雷雨 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/69ee7ef106f3757d9b5efd59/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E4%BA%AB%E5%8F%97%E4%BA%86%E5%91%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%99%B4%E5%A4%A9%E5%BE%8C-%E4%BB%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%BC%B8%E8%BD%89%E5%A4%9A%E9%9B%B2-%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%80%E5%85%A9%E5%A4%A9%E6%88%96%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%89%E9%9B%B7%E9%9B%A8 |accessdate=2026-04-27 | work=無綫新聞 | date=2026-04-27}}</ref>。 |- |驟雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>陽光下，天氣囝囝正使用[[即影即有相機]]喺草地為狗狗拍攝相片，狗狗戴上咗蝴蝶結裝飾。正當兩人欣賞照片時，落起咗驟雨，囝囝發出「噢」嘅聲音，兩人感到無奈<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜日間明朗　風比前幾天大了一點 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692dc993ada134dbdf2dbf87/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%97-%E9%A2%A8%E6%AF%94%E5%89%8D%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E |accessdate=2025-12-02 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-02 |archive-date=2025-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215114005/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692dc993ada134dbdf2dbf87/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%97-%E9%A2%A8%E6%AF%94%E5%89%8D%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E }}</ref>。 |- |漸轉多雲有驟雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗、天氣先生<br>天氣囝囝帶着耳機聽音樂俾哼歌同天氣狗狗臥喺草地上，天空上嘅雲呈現出音樂符號，烏雲飄過，囝囝發出「呀！」聲，落起咗雨，囝囝發出「噢！」聲，天氣先生帶着雨遮到達遮囝囝同狗狗。 |- |微雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝同狗狗正預備出門。惟兩人發現室外正落着微雨，便發出「噢」嘅嘆氣聲。囝囝打開咗雨遮，同時為狗狗預備咗迷你雨遮裝備喺狗狗頭上，其後兩人順利出門<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜早晨！　早上會有微雨啊 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692f44c4ada134dbdf39c8fa/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8-%E6%97%A9%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%89%E5%BE%AE%E9%9B%A8%E5%95%8A |accessdate=2025-12-03 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-03 |archive-date=2025-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215111128/https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/692f44c4ada134dbdf39c8fa/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8-%E6%97%A9%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%89%E5%BE%AE%E9%9B%A8%E5%95%8A }}</ref>。 |- |有雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝預備踢波，他喺家中先到露台查睇天色，確定未有落雨。囝囝喺屋企完成哂伸展熱身運動之後便前往足球場，惟到達時雨忽然落下，無奈地講咗一句「嗯」<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜下了一晚大雨　早上仍有狂風驟雨　日間天氣會稍為好轉 |url= https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/69a71e01101d7dfc26e27aba/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%80%E6%99%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%A8-%E6%97%A9%E4%B8%8A%E4%BB%8D%E6%9C%89%E7%8B%82%E9%A2%A8%E9%A9%9F%E9%9B%A8-%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E6%9C%83%E7%A8%8D%E7%82%BA%E5%A5%BD%E8%BD%89 |accessdate=2026-03-04 | work=無綫新聞 | date=2026-03-04}}</ref>。 |- |大雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝同天氣狗狗撐着雨遮步行，突然水位上升，大叫「呀！」，水位逵到囝囝嘅頸部，最後囝囝拿喺救生圈，喺水漂浮，而天氣狗狗則推着救生圈<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜比昨天涼得多　小心大雨及雷暴　到周末天氣會穩定一點 |url= https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/69ea958c06f3757d9b3ff278?utm_source=newswebshare&utm_medium=referral|accessdate=2026-04-24 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2026-04-24}}</ref>。 |- |雷暴 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣先生<br>天氣囝囝玩滑板躲避身後嘅閃電烏雲，閃電擊中天氣，天氣先生變成爆炸頭，天氣囝囝喺旁表示驚訝。 |- |狂風大雨 |'''角色'''：天氣囝囝、天氣先生、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝喺雨中撐着雨遮，狂風一吹，把雨遮吹反同吹走。囝囝髮型同眼鏡吹亂回到家中，發現天氣先生嘅髮型也吹亂。 |- |酷熱 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝<br>天氣酷熱，天氣先生流汗，手裏拿着迷你風扇吹着，天氣囝囝拿着綠色嘅雪條畀天氣先生食，而天氣囝囝自己則食加大版嘅黃色雪條<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜大致天晴 繼續酷熱 小心中暑 |url= https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6a1436595023e5291ff04418/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%B4%E5%A4%A9%E6%99%B4---%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E9%85%B7%E7%86%B1--%E5%B0%8F%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD%E6%9A%91 |accessdate=2026-05-26 | work=無綫新聞 | date=2026-05-26}}</ref>。 |- |寒冷 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、冰怪<br>天氣先生同囝囝喺室外散步，忽然刮起冷風。冰怪喺天上出現，對著天氣先生同囝囝吹氣；天氣先生抱住身體俾顫抖，囝囝立刻着上保暖衣物，冇足夠溫暖嘅天氣先生則持續顫抖同流鼻涕<ref>{{cite news |title= 天氣家族｜寒風吹　周末都繼續凍　記得要注意保暖 |url= https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/6956ab67d6adf87a9b00128f/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E5%AF%92%E9%A2%A8%E5%90%B9-%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%AB%E9%83%BD%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E5%87%8D-%E8%A8%98%E5%BE%97%E8%A6%81%E6%B3%A8%E6%84%8F%E4%BF%9D%E6%9A%96 |accessdate=2026-01-02 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2026-01-02}}</ref>。 |- |清涼 |'''角色'''：天氣狗狗、天氣囝囝<br>室外吹著寒風，天氣囝囝着返厚衫仍唔禁瑟縮顫抖。其後走進屋內，忽然感到鼻尖癢癢，正要打噴嚏。狗狗立刻遞上紙巾，未料囝囝嘅噴嚏力道過猛，一下子把狗狗震到窗戶，狗狗因而受傷。囝囝見狀，羞愧道歉<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜入夜會轉涼　記得添衣啊！|url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/693c93cba8d97e781d66a69e/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E5%85%A5%E5%A4%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%BD%89%E6%B6%BC-%E8%A8%98%E5%BE%97%E6%B7%BB%E8%A1%A3%E5%95%8A|accessdate=2025-12-13 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-12-13}}</ref>。 |- |大風 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>天氣囝囝正在玩[[飛碟]]，此時大風颳起，把天氣狗狗飛起，天氣囝囝捉緊天氣狗狗時也俾風吹起，天氣先生睇見立刻提緊天氣囝囝。 |- |乾燥 |'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗<br>屋外天氣乾燥，地面龜裂。屋內嘅天氣囝囝因面頰乾澀而變得通紅，天氣先生隨即遞上護膚膏；惟畫面一轉，囝囝已敷上面膜同黃瓜<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣家族｜早晨！今日風高物燥　要小心「爆拆」啊 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/local/69249932e435294129165973/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A9%E6%99%A8%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E9%A2%A8%E9%AB%98%E7%89%A9%E7%87%A5-%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%8F%E5%BF%83%E7%88%86%E6%8B%86%E5%95%8A |accessdate=2025-11-25 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2025-11-25}}</ref>。 |- |有霧 |'''角色'''：天氣狗狗、天氣先生、天氣囝囝<br>樹林中霧氣瀰漫，一行人正在露營，囝囝拿着腸仔燒烤。視線模糊，囝囝拿起手電筒照亮四周俾尋找天氣先生，俾突然照到天氣先生可怕嘅樣子，囝囝嘅驚嚇叫聲劃破咗樹林嘅寧靜。天氣先生後嚟恢復原狀，囝囝同狗狗擁抱着他。 |- |潮濕 |'''角色'''：天氣狗狗、天氣囝囝<br>天氣狗狗喺家中俾天花嘅水滴擊中，窗戶充滿水珠，天氣囝囝喺外面抹去水珠。畫面一轉，囝囝回到家中，喺窗上嘅水珠，畫出天氣狗狗同有心形圖案，俾寫上「LOVE」字眼。 |} == 天氣冷智識 == 為增強公眾對氣象嘅認識，俾希望藉此提升市民嘅防災意識，無綫新聞剛剛推出咗「天氣冷智識」動畫，由天氣家族主持，每集約2分鐘。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! 天氣冷智識播出記錄 |- | {|class="wikitable" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" align=center | '''日期''' | '''內容''' |- |2026-06-05 |極端酷熱要留神　天氣家族教路防中暑小智慧冷知識<ref>{{cite news |title=天氣冷智識｜極端酷熱要留神　天氣家族教路防中暑小智慧冷知識 |url=https://news.tvb.com/tc/1174715-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%86%B7%E6%99%BA%E8%AD%98%E6%A5%B5%E7%AB%AF%E9%85%B7%E7%86%B1%E8%A6%81%E7%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E6%95%99%E8%B7%AF%E9%98%B2%E4%B8%AD%E6%9A%91%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%86%B7%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%8D%B3%E7%9D%87%E6%96%B0%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB|accessdate=2026-06-05 |work=無綫新聞 |date=2026-06-05}}</ref><br>'''角色'''：天氣先生、天氣囝囝、天氣狗狗、[[王倩荷]]、建築工人們。 |} |} == 參考 == {{Reflist}} == 睇埋 == * [[天氣先生]] * [[天氣家族 (搞清楚)]] * [[天氣家族 (無綫電視)]] * [[天氣家族 (香港天文台)]] [[Category:無綫電視節目角色]] [[Category:虛構角色]] [[Category:天氣預報]] nky723kyur8amu1hi0sm6dxff62zfkz 2 365218 2416298 2359340 2026-06-05T00:12:15Z PK2 23540 add sandbox pages for new Wikipedia editions 2416298 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%" |+ Pages I have in my sandbox |- | &nbsp; |} ;<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%">My sandbox pages in different languages by language code</div> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ A |- | [[:ab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]<br />(code: <code>ab</code>) | [[:ace:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Acehnese language|Acehnese]]<br />(code: <code>ace</code>) | [[:ady:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Adyghe language|Adyghe]]<br />(code: <code>ady</code>) | [[:af:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]<br />(code: <code>af</code>) | [[:als:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Alemannic German|Alemannic German]]<br />(code: <code>als</code>) | [[:alt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]]<br />(code: <code>alt</code>) | [[:am:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]<br />(code: <code>am</code>) | [[:ami:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amis language|Amis]]<br />(code: <code>ami</code>) | [[:an:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aragonese language|Aragonese]]<br />(code: <code>an</code>) |- | [[:ang:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old English|Old English]]<br />(code: <code>ang</code>) | [[:ann:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Obolo language|Obolo]]<br />(code: <code>ann</code>) | [[:anp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Angika|Angika]]<br />(code: <code>anp</code>) | [[:ar:User:PK2/ملعب|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>ar</code>) | [[:arc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aramaic|Aramaic]] ([[:en:Syriac language|Syriac]])<br />(code: <code>arc</code>) | [[:ary:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moroccan Arabic|Moroccan Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>ary</code>) | [[:arz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic]]<br />(code: <code>arz</code>) | [[:as:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Assamese language|Assamese]]<br />(code: <code>as</code>) | [[:ast:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] ([[:en:Asturian language|Asturian]])<br />(code: <code>ast</code>) |- | [[:atj:User:PK2/Kokwetcitasinahikan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]<br />(code: <code>atj</code>) | [[:av:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Avar language|Avar]]<br />(code: <code>av</code>) | [[:avk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kotava|Kotava]]<br />(code: <code>avk</code>) | [[:awa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Awadhi language|Awadhi]]<br />(code: <code>awa</code>) | [[:ay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aymara language|Aymara]]<br />(code: <code>ay</code>) | [[:az:User:PK2/Qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]<br />(code: <code>az</code>) | [[:azb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]<br />(code: <code>azb</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ B |- | [[:ba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bashkir language|Bashkir]]<br />(code: <code>ba</code>) | [[:ban:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Balinese language|Balinese]]<br />(code: <code>ban</code>) | [[:bar:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bavarian language|Bavarian]]<br />(code: <code>bar</code>) | [[:bat-smg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samogitian language|Samogitian]]<br />(code: <code>bat-smg</code>) | [[:bbc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toba Batak language|Toba Batak]]<br />(code: <code>bbc</code>) | [[:bcl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Bikol|Central Bikol]]<br />(code: <code>bcl</code>) | [[:bdr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sama–Bajaw languages|West Coast Bajau]]<br />(code: <code>bdr</code>) |- | [[:be:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]<br />(code: <code>be</code>) | [[:be-tarask:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]] ([[:en:Taraškievica|Taraškievica]])<br />(code: <code>be-tarask</code>) | [[:bew:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Betawi language|Betawi]]<br />(code: <code>bew</code>) | [[:bg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<br />(code: <code>bg</code>) | [[:bh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bihari languages|Bihari]] ([[:en:Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]])<br />(code: <code>bh</code>) | [[:bi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bislama|Bislama]]<br />(code: <code>bi</code>) | [[:bjn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Banjarese language|Banjarese]]<br />(code: <code>bjn</code>) |- | [[:blk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pa'O language|Pa'O]]<br />(code: <code>blk</code>) | [[:bm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bambara language|Bambara]]<br />(code: <code>bm</code>) | [[:bn:User:PK2/খেলাঘর|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />(code: <code>bn</code>) | [[:bo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Tibetan|Central Tibetan]] ([[:en:Lhasa Tibetan|Lhasa Tibetan]])<br />(code: <code>bo</code>) | [[:bpy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bishnupriya Manipuri|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]<br />(code: <code>bpy</code>) | [[:br:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Breton language|Breton]]<br />(code: <code>br</code>) | [[:bs:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bosnian language|Bosnian]]<br />(code: <code>bs</code>) |- | [[:btm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mandailing Batak language|Mandailing Batak]]<br />(code: <code>btm</code>) | [[:bug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buginese language|Buginese]]<br />(code: <code>bug</code>) | [[:bxr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buryat language|Buryat]] (Russia Buriat)<br />(code: <code>bxr</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ C |- | [[:ca:User:PK2/proves|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Catalan language|Catalan]]<br />(code: <code>ca</code>) | [[:cbk-zam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chavacano|Chavacano]] (Zamboanga)<br />(code: <code>cbk-zam</code>) | [[:cdo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]<br />(code: <code>cdo</code>) | [[:ce:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chechen language|Chechen]]<br />(code: <code>ce</code>) | [[:ceb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cebuano language|Cebuano]]<br />(code: <code>ceb</code>) | [[:ch:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chamorro language|Chamorro]]<br />(code: <code>ch</code>) | [[:chr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cherokee language|Cherokee]]<br />(code: <code>chr</code>) | [[:chy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]]<br />(code: <code>chy</code>) |- | [[:ckb:User:PK2/خۆڵەپەتانێ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Sorani|Sorani]])<br />(code: <code>ckb</code>) | [[:co:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Corsican language|Corsican]]<br />(code: <code>co</code>) | [[:crh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]<br />(code: <code>crh</code>) | [[:cs:User:PK2/Pískoviště|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Czech language|Czech]]<br />(code: <code>cs</code>) | [[:csb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashubian language|Kashubian]]<br />(code: <code>csb</code>) | [[:cu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old Church Slavonic|Old Church Slavonic]]<br />(code: <code>cu</code>) | [[:cv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chuvash language|Chuvash]]<br />(code: <code>cv</code>) | [[:cy:User:PK2/Pwll Tywod|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Welsh language|Welsh]]<br />(code: <code>cy</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ D |- | [[:da:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Danish language|Danish]]<br />(code: <code>da</code>) | [[:dag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagbani language|Dagbani]]<br />(code: <code>dag</code>) | [[:de:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:German language|German]]<br />(code: <code>de</code>) | [[:dga:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagaare language|Dagaare]]<br />(code: <code>dga</code>) | [[:din:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dinka language|Dinka]]<br />(code: <code>din</code>) | [[:diq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zaza language|Zaza]]<br />(code: <code>diq</code>) | [[:dsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]<br />(code: <code>dsb</code>) | [[:dtp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dusun language|Dusun]]<br />(code: <code>dtp</code>) | [[:dty:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Doteli|Doteli]]<br />(code: <code>dty</code>) | [[:dv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maldivian language|Maldivian]]<br />(code: <code>dv</code>) | [[:dz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]<br />(code: <code>dz</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ E |- | [[:ee:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ewe language|Ewe]]<br />(code: <code>ee</code>) | [[:el:User:PK2/πρόχειρο|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Greek language|Greek]]<br />(code: <code>el</code>) | [[:eml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Emilian–Romagnol|Emilian–Romagnol]]<br />(code: <code>eml</code>) | [[:en:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:English language|English]]<br />(code: <code>en</code>) | [[:eo:User:PK2/provejo|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Esperanto|Esperanto]]<br />(code: <code>eo</code>) | [[:es:User:PK2/Taller|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Spanish language|Spanish]]<br />(code: <code>es</code>) | [[:et:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Estonian language|Estonian]]<br />(code: <code>et</code>) | [[:eu:User:PK2/Proba orria|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basque language|Basque]]<br />(code: <code>eu</code>) | [[:ext:User:PK2/obraol|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]<br />(code: <code>ext</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ F |- | [[:fa:User:PK2/صفحه تمرین|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Persian language|Persian]]<br />(code: <code>fa</code>) | [[:fat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] ([[:en:Fante dialect|Fante]])<br />(code: <code>fat</code>) | [[:ff:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fula language|Fula]]<br />(code: <code>ff</code>) | [[:fi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Finnish language|Finnish]]<br />(code: <code>fi</code>) | [[:fiu-vro:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Võro language|Võro]]<br />(code: <code>fiu-vro</code>) | [[:fj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fijian language|Fijian]]<br />(code: <code>fj</code>) | [[:fo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Faroese language|Faroese]]<br />(code: <code>fo</code>) |- | [[:fon:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fon language|Fon]]<br />(code: <code>fon</code>) | [[:fr:User:PK2/Brouillon|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French language|French]]<br />(code: <code>fr</code>) | [[:frp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Franco-Provençal|Franco-Provençal]]<br />(code: <code>frp</code>) | [[:frr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:North Frisian language|North Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>frr</code>) | [[:fur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Friulian language|Friulian]]<br />(code: <code>fur</code>) | [[:fy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Frisian language|West Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>fy</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ G |- | [[:ga:User:PK2/Clár Dubh|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Irish language|Irish]]<br />(code: <code>ga</code>) | [[:gag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gagauz language|Gagauz]]<br />(code: <code>gag</code>) | [[:gan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gan Chinese|Gan Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>gan</code>) | [[:gcr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French Guianese Creole|French Guianese Creole]]<br />(code: <code>gcr</code>) | [[:gd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scottish Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]]<br />(code: <code>gd</code>) | [[:gl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Galician language|Galician]]<br />(code: <code>gl</code>) | [[:glk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gilaki language|Gilaki]]<br />(code: <code>glk</code>) | [[:gn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Guarani language|Guarani]]<br />(code: <code>gn</code>) | [[:gom:User:PK2/proiogpan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Konkani language|Konkani]] (Goan Konkani)<br />(code: <code>gom</code>) |- | [[:gor:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gorontalo language|Gorontalo]]<br />(code: <code>gor</code>) | [[:got:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gothic language|Gothic]]<br />(code: <code>got</code>) | [[:gpe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian Pidgin English]]<br />(code: <code>gpe</code>) | [[:gu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gujarati language|Gujarati]]<br />(code: <code>gu</code>) | [[:guc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wayuu language|Wayuu]]<br />(code: <code>guc</code>) | [[:gur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Farefare language|Farefare]]<br />(code: <code>gur</code>) | [[:guw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gun language|Gun]]<br />(code: <code>guw</code>) | [[:gv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Manx language|Manx]]<br />(code: <code>gv</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ H |- | [[:ha:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hausa language|Hausa]]<br />(code: <code>ha</code>) | [[:hak:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hakka Chinese|Hakka Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>hak</code>) | [[:haw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]<br />(code: <code>haw</code>) | [[:he:User:PK2/טיוטה|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]<br />(code: <code>he</code>) | [[:hi:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]]<br />(code: <code>hi</code>) | [[:hif:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fiji Hindi|Fiji Hindi]]<br />(code: <code>hif</code>) |- | [[:hr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Croatian language|Croatian]]<br />(code: <code>hr</code>) | [[:hsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]<br />(code: <code>hsb</code>) | [[:ht:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]<br />(code: <code>ht</code>) | [[:hu:User:PK2/próbalap|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]<br />(code: <code>hu</code>) | [[:hy:User:PK2/Ավազարկղ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Armenian language|Armenian]] ([[:en:Eastern Armenian|Eastern Armenian]])<br />(code: <code>hy</code>) | [[:hyw:User:PK2/Սեւագրութիւն|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Western Armenian|Western Armenian]]<br />(code: <code>hyw</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ I |- | [[:ia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingua|Interlingua]]<br />(code: <code>ia</code>) | [[:iba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iban language|Iban]]<br />(code: <code>iba</code>) | [[:id:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]<br />(code: <code>id</code>) | [[:ie:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingue|Interlingue]]<br />(code: <code>ie</code>) | [[:ig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igbo language|Igbo]]<br />(code: <code>ig</code>) | [[:igl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igala language|Igala]]<br />(code: <code>igl</code>) | [[:ik:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]]<br />(code: <code>ik</code>) | [[:ilo:User:PK2/pagipadasan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ilocano language|Ilocano]]<br />(code: <code>ilo</code>) | [[:inh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ingush language|Ingush]]<br />(code: <code>inh</code>) |- | [[:io:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ido|Ido]]<br />(code: <code>io</code>) | [[:is:User:PK2/sandkassi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]<br />(code: <code>is</code>) | [[:it:User:PK2/Sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Italian language|Italian]]<br />(code: <code>it</code>) | [[:iu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inuktitut|Inuktitut]]<br />(code: <code>iu</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ J |- | [[:ja:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Japanese language|Japanese]]<br />(code: <code>ja</code>) | [[:jam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]<br />(code: <code>jam</code>) | [[:jbo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lojban|Lojban]]<br />(code: <code>jbo</code>) | [[:jv:User:PK2/bak wedhi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]]<br />(code: <code>jv</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ K |- | [[:ka:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Georgian language|Georgian]]<br />(code: <code>ka</code>) | [[:kaa:User:PK2/qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]]<br />(code: <code>kaa</code>) | [[:kab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabyle language|Kabyle]]<br />(code: <code>kab</code>) | [[:kai:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karai-karai|Karai-karai]]<br />(code: <code>kai</code>) | [[:kaj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jju language|Jju]]<br />(code: <code>kaj</code>) | [[:kbd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]<br />(code: <code>kbd</code>) | [[:kbp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabiye language|Kabiye]]<br />(code: <code>kbp</code>) | [[:kcg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tyap|Tyap]]<br />(code: <code>kcg</code>) | [[:kg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kongo language|Kongo]]<br />(code: <code>kg</code>) | [[:kge:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komering language|Komering]]<br />(code: <code>kge</code>) |- | [[:ki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]]<br />(code: <code>ki</code>) | [[:kk:User:PK2/зертхана|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kazakh language|Kazakh]]<br />(code: <code>kk</code>) | [[:km:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Khmer language|Khmer]]<br />(code: <code>km</code>) | [[:kn:User:PK2/ಪ್ರಯೋಗಪುಟ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kannada|Kannada]]<br />(code: <code>kn</code>) | [[:knc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Kanuri|Central Kanuri]]<br />(code: <code>knc</code>) | [[:ko:User:PK2/연습장|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Korean language|Korean]]<br />(code: <code>ko</code>) | [[:koi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]<br />(code: <code>koi</code>) | [[:krc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karachay-Balkar|Karachay-Balkar]]<br />(code: <code>krc</code>) | [[:ks:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]<br />(code: <code>ks</code>) | [[:ksh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]<br />(code: <code>ksh</code>) |- | [[:ku:User:PK2/ceribandin|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Kurmanji|Kurmanji]])<br />(code: <code>ku</code>) | [[:kus:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kusaal language|Kusaal]]<br />(code: <code>kus</code>) | [[:kv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi language|Komi]]<br />(code: <code>kv</code>) | [[:kw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cornish language|Cornish]]<br />(code: <code>kw</code>) | [[:ky:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]<br />(code: <code>ky</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ L |- | [[:la:User:PK2/Harenarium|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latin|Latin]]<br />(code: <code>la</code>) | [[:lad:User:PK2/Kutí de prova|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish]]<br />(code: <code>lad</code>) | [[:lb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]]<br />(code: <code>lb</code>) | [[:lbe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lak language|Lak]]<br />(code: <code>lbe</code>) | [[:lez:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lezgian language|Lezgian]]<br />(code: <code>lez</code>) | [[:lfn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingua Franca Nova|Lingua Franca Nova]]<br />(code: <code>lfn</code>) | [[:lg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luganda|Luganda]]<br />(code: <code>lg</code>) | [[:li:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Limburgish|Limburgish]]<br />(code: <code>li</code>) |- | [[:lij:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ligurian language|Ligurian]]<br />(code: <code>lij</code>) | [[:lld:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ladin language|Ladin]]<br />(code: <code>lld</code>) | [[:lmo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lombard language|Lombard]]<br />(code: <code>lmo</code>) | [[:ln:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingala|Lingala]]<br />(code: <code>ln</code>) | [[:lo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lao language|Lao]]<br />(code: <code>lo</code>) | [[:lt:User:PK2/juodraštis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]<br />(code: <code>lt</code>) | [[:ltg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latgalian language|Latgalian]]<br />(code: <code>ltg</code>) | [[:lv:User:PK2/Smilšu kaste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latvian language|Latvian]]<br />(code: <code>lv</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ M |- | [[:mad:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Madurese language|Madurese]]<br />(code: <code>mad</code>) | [[:mai:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maithili language|Maithili]]<br />(code: <code>mai</code>) | [[:map-bms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[:en:Banyumasan dialect|Banyumasan]])<br />(code: <code>map-bms</code>) | [[:mdf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moksha language|Moksha]]<br />(code: <code>mdf</code>) | [[:mg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]<br />(code: <code>mg</code>) | [[:mhr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]]<br />(code: <code>mhr</code>) | [[:mi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Māori language|Māori]]<br />(code: <code>mi</code>) | [[:min:User:PK2/bak kasiak|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]<br />(code: <code>min</code>) |- | [[:mk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Macedonian language|Macedonian]]<br />(code: <code>mk</code>) | [[:ml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malayalam|Malayalam]]<br />(code: <code>ml</code>) | [[:mn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]<br />(code: <code>mn</code>) | [[:mni:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meitei language|Meitei]]<br />(code: <code>mni</code>) | [[:mnw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mon language|Mon]]<br />(code: <code>mnw</code>) | [[:m:mos:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mooré|Mooré]]<br />(code: <code>mos</code>) | [[:mr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />(code: <code>mr</code>) | [[:mrj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]]<br />(code: <code>mrj</code>) |- | [[:ms:User:PK2/Kotak pasir|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malay language|Malay]]<br />(code: <code>ms</code>) | [[:mt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maltese language|Maltese]]<br />(code: <code>mt</code>) | [[:mwl:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mirandese language|Mirandese]]<br />(code: <code>mwl</code>) | [[:my:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Burmese language|Burmese]]<br />(code: <code>my</code>) | [[:myv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Erzya language|Erzya]]<br />(code: <code>myv</code>) | [[:mzn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]<br />(code: <code>mzn</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ N |- | [[:nah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nahuatl|Nahuatl]]<br />(code: <code>nah</code>) | [[:nap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]]<br />(code: <code>nap</code>) | [[:nds:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Low German|Low German]]<br />(code: <code>nds</code>) | [[:nds-nl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch Low Saxon|Dutch Low Saxon]]<br />(code: <code>nds-nl</code>) | [[:ne:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nepali language|Nepali]]<br />(code: <code>ne</code>) | [[:new:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Newar language|Newar]]<br />(code: <code>new</code>) | [[:nia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nias language|Nias]]<br />(code: <code>nia</code>) | [[:nl:User:PK2/Kladblok|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch language|Dutch]]<br />(code: <code>nl</code>) | [[:nn:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Nynorsk|Nynorsk]])<br />(code: <code>nn</code>) |- | [[:no:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Bokmål|Bokmål]])<br />(code: <code>no</code>) | [[:nov:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Novial|Novial]]<br />(code: <code>nov</code>) | [[:nqo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:N'Ko language|N'Ko]]<br />(code: <code>nqo</code>) | [[:nr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]]<br />(code: <code>nr</code>) | [[:nrm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norman language|Norman]]<br />(code: <code>nrm</code>) | [[:nso:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sotho|Northern Sotho]]<br />(code: <code>nso</code>) | [[:nup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nupe language|Nupe]]<br />(code: <code>nup</code>) | [[:nv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Navajo language|Navajo]]<br />(code: <code>nv</code>) | [[:ny:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chewa language|Chewa]]<br />(code: <code>ny</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ O |- | [[:oc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Occitan language|Occitan]]<br />(code: <code>oc</code>) | [[:olo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Livvi-Karelian language|Livvi-Karelian]]<br />(code: <code>olo</code>) | [[:om:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oromo language|Oromo]]<br />(code: <code>om</code>) | [[:or:User:PK2/ପରଖଘର|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Odia language|Odia]]<br />(code: <code>or</code>) | [[:os:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ossetian language|Ossetian]]<br />(code: <code>os</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ P |- | [[:pa:User:PK2/ਕੱਚਾ ਖ਼ਾਕਾ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br />(code: <code>pa</code>) | [[:pag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]<br />(code: <code>pag</code>) | [[:pam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]<br />(code: <code>pam</code>) | [[:pap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Papiamento|Papiamento]]<br />(code: <code>pap</code>) | [[:pcd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Picard language|Picard]]<br />(code: <code>pcd</code>) | [[:pcm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin]]<br />(code: <code>pcm</code>) | [[:pdc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]<br />(code: <code>pdc</code>) | [[:pfl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]<br />(code: <code>pfl</code>) | [[:pi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pali|Pali]]<br />(code: <code>pi</code>) |- | [[:pl:User:PK2/brudnopis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Polish language|Polish]]<br />(code: <code>pl</code>) | [[:pms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]<br />(code: <code>pms</code>) | [[:pnb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (Western Punjabi)<br />(code: <code>pnb</code>) | [[:pnt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pontic Greek|Pontic Greek]]<br />(code: <code>pnt</code>) | [[:pnt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pontic Greek|Pontic Greek]]<br />(code: <code>pnt</code>) | [[:ps:User:PK2/ازمون‌مخ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pashto|Pashto]]<br />(code: <code>ps</code>) | [[:pt:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<br />(code: <code>pt</code>) | [[:pwn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Paiwan language|Paiwan]]<br />(code: <code>pwn</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ Q |- | [[:qu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Quechuan languages|Quechua]] ([[:en:Southern Quechua|Southern Quechua]])<br />(code: <code>qu</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ R |- | [[:rki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rakhine language|Rakhine]]<br />(code: <code>rki</code>) | [[:rm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romansh language|Romansh]]<br />(code: <code>rm</code>) | [[:rmy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romani language|Romani]] ([[:en:Vlax Romani language|Vlax Romani]])<br />(code: <code>rmy</code>) | [[:rn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kirundi|Kirundi]]<br />(code: <code>rn</code>) | [[:ro:User:PK2/teste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]<br />(code: <code>ro</code>) | [[:roa-rup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aromanian language|Aromanian]]<br />(code: <code>roa-rup</code>) |- | [[:roa-tara:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] ([[:en:Tarantino dialect|Tarantino]])<br />(code: <code>roa-tara</code>) | [[:rsk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pannonian Rusyn|Pannonian Rusyn]]<br />(code: <code>rsk</code>) | [[:ru:User:PK2/Черновик|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Russian language|Russian]]<br />(code: <code>ru</code>) | [[:rue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rusyn language|Rusyn]]<br />(code: <code>rue</code>) | [[:rw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]<br />(code: <code>rw</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ S |- | [[:sa:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठम्|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]<br />(code: <code>sa</code>) | [[:sah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yakut language|Yakut]]<br />(code: <code>sah</code>) | [[:sat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Santali language|Santali]]<br />(code: <code>sat</code>) | [[:sc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sardinian language|Sardinian]]<br />(code: <code>sc</code>) | [[:scn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sicilian language|Sicilian]]<br />(code: <code>scn</code>) | [[:sco:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scots language|Scots]]<br />(code: <code>sco</code>) | [[:sd:User:PK2/مشق پٽي|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sindhi language|Sindhi]]<br />(code: <code>sd</code>) | [[:se:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sámi|Northern Sámi]]<br />(code: <code>se</code>) | [[:sg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sango language|Sango]]<br />(code: <code>sg</code>) |- | [[:sh:User:PK2/igralište|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbo-Croatian|Serbo-Croatian]]<br />(code: <code>sh</code>) | [[:shi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shilha language|Shilha]]<br />(code: <code>shi</code>) | [[:shn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shan language|Shan]]<br />(code: <code>shn</code>) | [[:si:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sinhala language|Sinhala]]<br />(code: <code>si</code>) | [[:simple:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basic English|Basic English]]<br />(code: <code>simple</code>) | [[:sk:User:PK2/pieskovisko|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovak language|Slovak]]<br />(code: <code>sk</code>) | [[:skr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saraiki language|Saraiki]]<br />(code: <code>skr</code>) | [[:sl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovene language|Slovene]]<br />(code: <code>sl</code>) | [[:sm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samoan language|Samoan]]<br />(code: <code>sm</code>) |- | [[:smn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inari Sámi language|Inari Sámi]]<br />(code: <code>smn</code>) | [[:sn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shona language|Shona]]<br />(code: <code>sn</code>) | [[:so:User:PK2/Bacaadka|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Somali language|Somali]]<br />(code: <code>so</code>) | [[:sq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Albanian language|Albanian]]<br />(code: <code>sq</code>) | [[:sr:User:PK2/песак|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbian language|Serbian]]<br />(code: <code>sr</code>) | [[:srn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sranan Tongo|Sranan Tongo]]<br />(code: <code>srn</code>) | [[:ss:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swazi language|Swazi]]<br />(code: <code>ss</code>) | [[:st:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sotho language|Sotho]]<br />(code: <code>st</code>) | [[:stq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]<br />(code: <code>stq</code>) |- | [[:su:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sundanese language|Sundanese]]<br />(code: <code>su</code>) | [[:sv:User:PK2/sandlåda|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swedish language|Swedish]]<br />(code: <code>sv</code>) | [[:sw:User:PK2/ukurasa wa majaribio|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swahili language|Swahili]]<br />(code: <code>sw</code>) | [[:syl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sylheti language|Sylheti]]<br />(code: <code>syl</code>) | [[:szl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Silesian language|Silesian]]<br />(code: <code>szl</code>) | [[:szy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]<br />(code: <code>szy</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ T |- | [[:ta:User:PK2/மணல்தொட்டி|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />(code: <code>ta</code>) | [[:tay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atayal language|Atayal]]<br />(code: <code>tay</code>) | [[:tcy:User:PK2/ಕಲ್ಪುನ ಕಳ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tulu language|Tulu]]<br />(code: <code>tcy</code>) | [[:tdd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tai Nuea language|Tai Nuea]]<br />(code: <code>tdd</code>) | [[:te:User:PK2/ప్రయోగశాల|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Telugu language|Telugu]]<br />(code: <code>te</code>) | [[:tet:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tetum language|Tetum]]<br />(code: <code>tet</code>) | [[:tg:User:PK2/Сиёҳнавис|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tajik language|Tajik]]<br />(code: <code>tg</code>) | [[:th:User:PK2/ทดลองเขียน|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Thai language|Thai]]<br />(code: <code>th</code>) | [[:ti:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]<br />(code: <code>ti</code>) | [[:tig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigre language|Tigre]]<br />(code: <code>tig</code>) | [[:tk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkmen language|Turkmen]]<br />(code: <code>tk</code>) |- | [[:tl:User:PK2/burador|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />(code: <code>tl</code>) | [[:tly:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Talysh language|Talysh]]<br />(code: <code>tly</code>) | [[:tn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tswana language|Tswana]]<br />(code: <code>tn</code>) | [[:to:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tongan language|Tongan]]<br />(code: <code>to</code>) | [[:tok:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toki Pona|Toki Pona]]<br />(code: <code>tok</code>) | [[:tpi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]]<br />(code: <code>tpi</code>) | [[:tr:User:PK2/deneme tahtası|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkish language|Turkish]]<br />(code: <code>tr</code>) | [[:trv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Seediq language|Seediq]]<br />(code: <code>trv</code>) | [[:ts:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga]]<br />(code: <code>ts</code>) | [[:tt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tatar language|Tatar]]<br />(code: <code>tt</code>) | [[:tum:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]]<br />(code: <code>tum</code>) |- | [[:tw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] (Twi)<br />(code: <code>tw</code>) | [[:ty:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tahitian language|Tahitian]]<br />(code: <code>ty</code>) | [[:tyv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tuvan language|Tuvan]]<br />(code: <code>tyv</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ U |- | [[:udm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Udmurt language|Udmurt]]<br />(code: <code>udm</code>) | [[:ug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uyghur language|Uyghur]]<br />(code: <code>ug</code>) | [[:uk:User:PK2/Чернетка|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<br />(code: <code>uk</code>) | [[:ur:User:PK2/تختۂ مشق|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Urdu|Urdu]]<br />(code: <code>ur</code>) | [[:uz:User:PK2/qumloq|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uzbek language|Uzbek]]<br />(code: <code>uz</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ V |- | [[:ve:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venda language|Venda]]<br />(code: <code>ve</code>) | [[:vec:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venetian language|Venetian]]<br />(code: <code>vec</code>) | [[:vep:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Veps language|Veps]]<br />(code: <code>vep</code>) | [[:vi:User:PK2/nháp|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<br />(code: <code>vi</code>) | [[:vls:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Flemish|West Flemish]]<br />(code: <code>vls</code>) | [[:vo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]<br />(code: <code>vo</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ W |- | [[:wa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Walloon language|Walloon]]<br />(code: <code>wa</code>) | [[:war:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Waray language|Waray]]<br />(code: <code>war</code>) | [[:wo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wolof language|Wolof]]<br />(code: <code>wo</code>) | [[:wuu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wu Chinese|Wu Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>wuu</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ X |- | [[:xal:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oirat language|Oirat]] ([[:en:Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk Oirat]])<br />(code: <code>xal</code>) | [[:xh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Xhosa language|Xhosa]]<br />(code: <code>xh</code>) | [[:xmf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]<br />(code: <code>xmf</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ Y |- | [[:yi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yiddish|Yiddish]]<br />(code: <code>yi</code>) | [[:yo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yoruba language|Yoruba]]<br />(code: <code>yo</code>) |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:85%" |+ Z |- | [[:za:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zhuang languages|Zhuang]] ([[:en:Standard Zhuang|Standard Zhuang]])<br />(code: <code>za</code>) | [[:zea:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zeelandic|Zeelandic]]<br />(code: <code>zea</code>) | [[:zgh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]]<br />(code: <code>zgh</code>) | [[:zh:User:PK2/沙盒|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[:en:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]])<br />(code: <code>zh</code>) | [[:zh-classical:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Classical Chinese|Classical Chinese]]<br />(code: <code>zh-classical</code>) | [[:zh-min-nan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Min|Southern Min]]<br />(code: <code>zh-min-nan</code>) | [[:zh-yue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cantonese|Cantonese]]<br />(code: <code>zh-yue</code>) | [[:zu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zulu language|Zulu]]<br />(code: <code>zu</code>) |} 8qce7hk6cufce8obhf5nz1l70qqc3qy 0 366345 2416417 2416222 2026-06-05T03:45:24Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 喜劇開場 | 英文名稱 = Life's Punchline (HK version) | 圖片 = | 類型 = | 編劇 = [[龍文康]]、因夏 | 編審 = [[龍文康]] | 導演 = [[羅耀輝]] | 監製 = [[龍文康]]、何麗嫦 | 演出 = {{nowrap|[[楊樂文]]、[[何啟華]]、[[王智德]]、<br>[[陳漢娜]]、[[許月湘]]、[[林千渟]]}} | 主題曲 = 《一次》 | 作曲 = [[Teddy Fan]] | 填詞 = [[Teddy Fan]] | 主唱 = [[Teddy Fan]] | 字幕 = 中文 | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 製作年份 = 2025年12月-2026年<!--月--> | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 每集長度 = 60分鐘（含廣告） | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]]<br>我們做電影有限公司 | 集數 = 10 | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | channel = [[ViuTV]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|3}} | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|16}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五21:30—22:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/lifes-punchline }} 《'''喜劇開場'''》（{{Lang-en|'''''Life's Punchline (HK version)'''''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅電視劇，買咗[[日本電視台]]《[[喜劇開場]]》嘅版權翻拍，由[[楊樂文]]、[[何啟華]]、[[王智德]]、[[林千渟]]、[[陳漢娜]]同[[許月湘]]主演。套劇喺2026年6月3號到6月16號逢禮拜一到五21:30 - 22:30喺[[ViuTV]]首播。 ==角色== === 主要角色 === {|class="wikitable" width="auto" style="text-align:left" ! width=15%|演員 ! width=15%|角色 ! width=22%|原著人物 ! width=50%|簡介 |- | [[楊樂文]] || 關守望 || 高岩春斗 || 望<br>「紅白藍」成員 |- | [[何啟華]] || 方桂元 || 美濃輪潤平 || 桂<br>「紅白藍」成員<br>十年之約到期時，比女朋友逼婚 |- | [[王智德]] || 恭達朋 || 朝吹瞬太 || 恭仔<br>「紅白藍」成員<br>十年之約到期時，比屋企人問係咪返去做全職 |- | [[林千渟]] || 鍾睿思 || 岸倉奈津美 || 方桂元女友 |- | [[陳漢娜]] || 馬凡 || 中濱里穗子 || 「紅白藍」影迷 |- | [[許月湘]] || 馬素 || 中濱紬 || 馬凡細妹 |} ===固定角色=== *[[朱栢謙]] 飾 朱Sir（原著人物︰真璧権助） *[[何洛瑤]] 飾 寧寧（原著人物︰村主麗） *[[魯文傑]] 飾 忠叔 *[[陳子豐]] 飾 Felix（原著人物︰楠木実籾） *[[沈殷怡]] 飾 酒吧老闆娘 *[[朱鑑然]] 飾 Vincent *[[李敏 (演員)|李敏]] 飾 Kay *[[巢嘉倫]] 飾 關守希 *[[陳嘉寶]] 飾 阿蘭 *[[寶珮如]] *[[陳桂芬]] *[[邱頌偉]] *[[譚凱倫]] 飾 咖啡店老闆娘 茵 *[[何敏怡]] 飾 咖啡店店員 晴 *[[張晉雅]] 飾 酒吧店員 Selene *[[趙羅尼]] ===其他角色=== *[[周家怡]]（客串演出） *[[歐鎮灝]]（客串演出） *[[黃欣]]（客串演出） ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:240px; text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" ||'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題''' |- |1||6月3號||《水的糾紛》 |- |2||6月4號||《新屋》 |- |3||6月5號||《幸福空氣》 |- |4||6月8號||《好心收養》 |- |5||6月9號||《卡拉OK包廂》 |- |6||6月10號||《月光上的月光族》 |- |7||6月11號||《喪屍的士》 |- |8||6月12號||《手指》 |- |9||6月15號|| |- |10||6月16號|| |} ==歌== {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:360px; text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" ||'''歌名'''||'''主唱'''||'''作曲'''||'''填詞'''||'''編曲'''||'''監製'''||'''註''' |- |《一次》||colspan=3|[[Teddy Fan]]||[[Brian Yip]]、[[Teddy Fan]]||[[李一丁]]||主題曲 |} ==拍攝地點== *「紅白藍」訂下十年之約嗰間茶餐廳係[[土瓜灣]]波士頓快餐店。 *馬凡同關守望相遇嗰個公園係[[觀塘]]麗港公園。 ==軼事== *呢套劇喺2026年1月12號舉行開鏡拜神儀式<!--，月號正式殺青-->。 *呢套劇繼續用翻播網上節目《[[製作中]]》替代正式製作特輯，喺2026年5月30號禮拜六23:55-00:00同5月31號禮拜日23:25-23:30播。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://www.makerville.hk/works/lifespunchline MakerVille：喜劇開場] *[https://viu.tv/encore/lifes-punchline ViuTV：喜劇開場] *{{YouTube|vhpn8z18GXQ|《喜劇開場》記者會}} *{{YouTube|Yc6E6UAQQJ8|《喜劇開場》主題曲《一次》}} ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 21:30－22:30 |節目名稱='''喜劇開場'''<br>（2026.06.03－2026.06.16） |上一節目=[[COURT!]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.02） |下一節目= }} {{ViuTV劇集}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV劇集]] [[Category:MakerVille製作劇集]] 2v1541g0r959mhwz7t9dlk9do53x54d 0 366803 2416361 2373855 2026-06-05T02:22:41Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416361 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr_Puma_Shen_at_Kuma_Academy_Lecture_24_Feb_2023.jpg | thumb | right | 照]]'''沈伯洋'''，係[[台灣]]嘅政治人物兼法律學者，[[民主進步黨]]籍，現任立法委員，主要關注國防、人權、兒少福利同收養制度等議題。佢出身於補教界，曾經喺補習班教刑法六年。 之後赴美留學，修讀犯罪學同法律社會學博士學位，研究專長包括白領犯罪、刑罰學同刑事政策等領域，亦曾經擔任司法替代役。 {{「台獨」頑固分子}} [[Category:臺灣人]] qnxey9qycjde0lres2fsik9gr6a44y0 0 367720 2416322 2413067 2026-06-05T01:23:26Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 聲的築城者 | 原名 = Builders of Sound | 圖片 = File:Builders of Sound.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 文化、資訊 | 主持 = [[黃泓祖]] | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 監製 = 黃嘉淇 | 導演 = 黃山 | 編審 = | 製作年份 = 2026年— | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = | 每集長度 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|3|1}} | 結束 = {{End date|||}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜日 11:30—12:00 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/builders-of-sound }} 《'''聲的築城者'''》（{{lang-en|'''Builders of Sound'''}}）係[[香港]][[Makerville]]製作嘅文化節目，由[[黃泓祖]]主持，2026年3月1號起逢禮拜日11:30-12:00喺[[香港電視娛樂]][[ViuTV]]播。節目唔設字幕。節目會走訪香港音樂工業裏面嘅各種工作者。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題''' |- | 1 || 3月1號 || 唱片發行商 James |- | 2 || 3月9號 || 歌手與DJ雙重身份 木子 |- | 3 || 3月22號 || 攝影師 Leung Mo |- | 4 || 3月29號 || 美術指導Victor Wong |- | 5 || 4月5號 || 創意總監{{tsl|zh|麥濠麟|Colin Mak}} |- | 6 || 4月12號 || Graphic Designer Sunny Wong |- | 7 || 4月19號 || 電台DJ [[江慧楓|飛機]] |- | 8 || 4月26號 || 作詞人 {{tsl|zh|鄭敏 (香港)|鄭敏}} |- | 9 || 5月3號 || 資深音樂文化人 {{tsl|zh|黃志淙}} |- | 10 || 5月10號 || 製作人Patrick Yip |- | 11 || 5月17號 || 和聲{{tsl|zh|羅朗翹|Peace Lo}} |- | 12 || 5月24號 || 音樂媒體平台《私家音樂》 |- | 13 || 5月31號 || 舞蹈影像導演Carlos Lam |- | 14 || 6月7號 || 表演場地負責人 阿帆 |} ==節目調動== *2026年3月8號：由於原定10:00-11:00直播嘅《[[Now新聞|新聞報道]]》超時到11:30完，原時段臨時安排改播《幪面超人 ZEZTZ》，第2集改喺3月9號禮拜一04:00-04:30（節目重播時段）首播，3月15號原時段改為安排重播第2集，第3集改喺3月22號原時段首播。 ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/builders-of-sound ViuTV：聲的築城者] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜日 11:30－12:00 |節目名稱='''聲的築城者'''<br>（2026.03.01－） |上一節目=[[聲畫合拍|聲畫合拍 8]]<br>（2025.07.06－2026.02.22） |下一節目= }} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV文化資訊節目]] i1dut676swomtgyl0p7thhdpeczrf29 0 368109 2416403 2414440 2026-06-05T03:18:58Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 環源基本步 | 原名 = Recycle Reshapes Tomorrow | 圖片 = File:Recycle Reshapes Tomorrow.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 環保、資訊 | 主持 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 監製 = 鄺維峰 | 導演 = 史浩銘 | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = | 每集長度 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|3|13}} | 結束 = {{End date|||}} | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜五13:00-13:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/recycle-reshapes-tomorrow }} 《'''環源基本步'''》（{{lang-en|'''Recycle Reshapes Tomorrow'''}}）係香港[[MakerVille]]製作嘅環保資訊節目，2026年3月13號起逢禮拜五13:00-13:30喺[[香港電視娛樂]][[ViuTV]]播。節目唔設字幕。節目會由學者專家、環保教育、商業機構或者中小型組織，分享佢地點樣由多方位切入「綠色活動」。節目主要係由受訪者自述，而第1集有嘉賓主持[[安冬晴]]負責街頭訪問環節。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題''' |- !colspan=3|2026年 |- | 1 || 3月13號 || 紙品回收與再生 |- | 2 || 3月20號 || 口罩與保護衣轉化成社區中的休憩設施 |- | 3 || 3月27號 || 由一棵樹…變成市民生活中的一部分 |- | 4 || 4月3號 || 將社區中最為人熟悉的「生命」延續下去 |- | 5 || 4月10號 || 運動鞋變成小朋友在校園裏的共同回憶 |- | 6 || 4月17號 || 社區中被忽視的種子變成音樂表演的一部分 |- | 7 || 4月24號 || 用地盤廢土製成的陶瓷作品 |- | 8 || 5月1號 || 鮮花的重生之路 |- | 9 || 5月8號 || 重塑藝術與環保的聯繫 |- | 10 || 5月15號 || 電腦回收工場對回收和新一代的使命 |- | 11 || 5月22號 || 時裝工業都可以是一種可持續發展 |- | 12 || 5月29號 || 衣紙灰和咖啡渣點綴陶瓷作品 |- | 13 || 6月5號 || 利用設計提升大眾對塑膠的重視 |- | 14 || 6月12號 || 升級再造產品設計師 |} ==節目調動== *2026年4月3號：由於13:00-16:00重播《第七屆 KKBOX 香港風雲榜－The Beat Goes On》，第4集改喺11:00-11:30播。 *2026年5月1號：由於13:00-15:45重播電影《[[去吧！女神兵團]]》，第8集改喺10:30-11:00播。 <!-- ==註== {{NoteFoot}} --> ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/recycle-reshapes-tomorrow ViuTV：環源基本步] == 電視節目變遷 == {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜五 13:00－13:30 |節目名稱='''環源基本步'''<br>（2026.03.13－） |上一節目=[[環保發現號]]（第52-78集）<br>（2025.08.15－2026.03.06） |下一節目= }} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] 1ki0pvyzdbj8rm4h4kexjivufgd05zb 0 368172 2416306 2388043 2026-06-05T01:09:32Z HenryLi 14 通 2416306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}'''係[[廣州地鐵]][[站|車站]]。 {{rail-stub}} {{廣州地鐵路線同車站}} [[Category:廣州地鐵車站]] 914zte9w1id5no4jamkuxdd3h8xkw8s 0 368921 2416310 2416121 2026-06-05T01:13:38Z 特克斯特 120591 /* 賽程 */ 第三期歌單 2416310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress TV show}} <templatestyles src="我是歌手/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="我是歌手/darkmodestyles.css" /> {{系列節目資訊框 | bodyclass = singerbox | baseclass = iamasinger-s11 | 名稱 = 歌手2026 | 英文名稱 = {{lang|en|Singer 2026|i=yes}} | 圖片 = 歌手2026.jpg | 尺寸 = 270px | 圖說 = 《歌手2026》片頭 | 顏色 = revert-layer | 類型 = 真人騷音樂類比賽 | 總導演 = 張丹陽、王婷 | assi_director_label = 執行導演 | 助理導演 = | 主持 = [[何炅]]{{small|（常規賽）}}<br />[[那英]]{{small|（第一期至第四期）}} | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | 音樂總監 = [[陳建騏]] | 參賽人數 = | 冠軍 = | 亞軍 = | 季軍 = }} | 國家 = {{CHNML}} | 語言 = [[國語]] | 字幕 = [[簡化字]] | 集數 = 12 | 每集長度 = 120分鐘 | producer_label = 節目監製 | 製片人 = [[洪嘯]] | 出品人 = 龔政文 | 總監製 = 蔡懷軍 | 監製 = 宋點、梁德平 | 外景 = [[七彩盒子|湖南廣播電視台節目生產基地]]<br />F劇院演播廳 | 機位 = 多機位 | 製作公司 = [[湖南廣播電視台|HBS]] | 電視網 = [[湖南衛視]] | 圖像制式 = [[標清電視|SDTV]] [[576i]]<br />[[高清電視|HDTV]] [[1080i]]<br />[[超高清電視|UHDTV]] [[2160p]] | 聲音制式 = [[立體聲]] | 開始 = {{start date|2026|5|22}} | 結束 = {{start date|2026|8|7}} | 播出時間 = 逢星期五 19:30－22:00 | 前作 = [[歌手2025]]<br />（2025年） | 本作 = '''歌手2026'''<br />（2026年） | 續作 = }} '''《[[歌手 (湖南衛視)|歌手]]》2026'''，係[[中國大陸]][[湖南衛視]]同[[芒果TV]]喺2026年第二季度播出嘅逢星期五晚黃金檔音樂類[[真人騷|真人騷節目]]，係[[2026芒果六平台節目巡禮]]重點推介嘅一檔節目，接檔節目《[[親愛的·客棧|親愛的·客棧2026]]》。節目依舊由芒果TV洪嘯賽道張丹陽團隊打造，音樂總監係臺灣資深音樂人[[陳建騏]]，首期節目喺2026年5月22號喺[[湖南]][[長沙]][[七彩盒子|HBS節目生產基地（七彩盒子）]]現場直播。 《歌手2026》加盟歌手依舊匯聚咗[[大中華地區]]同埋其他地區嘅知名歌手。首發歌手包括[[香港]]嘅[[竇靖童]]、[[臺灣]]嘅[[庾澄慶]]、[[魏如萱]]、[[周興哲]]、[[馬來西亞]]嘅[[尤長靖]]、[[阿爾巴尼亞]]籍[[美國]]嘅[[Albert Stanaj]]、[[歌手2019|《歌手》2019]]嘅[[齊豫]]、[[我是歌手 (第三季)|《我是歌手》第三季]]嘅[[胡彥斌]]同[[歌手2017|《歌手》2017]]嘅[[張碧晨]]；襲榜歌手包括[[歌手2018|《歌手》2018]]嘅[[Jessie J]]。呢季首次採用全新嘅月度聯賽賽制<ref name="賽制簡介">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ctdsb.net/c1476_202605/2750039.html|title=《歌手2026》首场直播，窦靖童登台翻唱窦唯经典《Don't Break my heart》，那英现场泪崩忘了拿麦：一代人终将老去，包括我跟她妈|publisher=極目新聞|author1=張聰|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://megalodon.jp/2026-0523-0407-38/https://www.ctdsb.net:443/c1476_202605/2750039.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 == 賽制 == 《歌手2026》嘅賽制對《歌手》系列節目嘅經典賽製作出咗重大革新，設立全新嘅月度聯賽賽制，賽制係四場一輪，每場都有500位觀眾聽審投票，每位聽審揀3位（9人在線嗰陣就係4位）自己認為嗰場表現最好嘅歌手。四場做一輪月賽，期間只淘汰唔補入任何歌手，月度第四週係月度決賽，只有當月排名前四名嘅歌手先可以晉級第二個月嘅比賽<ref name="賽制簡介" />。 呢季首場有9位首發歌手將會經由搶位嘅方式，得到喺下一期（第一輪襲榜賽）參賽嘅資格。9位歌手競演後，現場500位大眾聽審投票9揀4，攞第9名嘅歌手將直接淘汰，剩返嘅8位歌手將進入下一期。 喺之後嘅第二場競演，將由第一位襲榜歌手同八位在線歌手現場比拼，在線歌手陣營將通過自行商議產生四個雙人演唱組，襲榜歌手將分別向其中嘅兩組歌手發起襲榜挑戰，其中一組守榜拍檔透過場外觀眾限時投票產生，另一組守榜拍檔由襲榜歌手現場選擇，每組演唱完後現場500位大眾聽審投票三揀一，投票結果決定襲榜歌手係唔係挑戰成功。如果襲榜歌手兩輪都攞到第一名，就淘汰嗰場競演排名墊底嘅歌手；相反在線歌手全部安全；如果雙方各攞到一輪第一名就由兩輪襲榜對決嘅綜合得票率決定襲榜係唔係成功同係唔係產生淘汰。 第三場競演係第一輪聯名賽，由歌手邀請幫唱嘉賓合演。第四場競演係月度決賽，累積兩場得票率排名前四名嘅歌手晉級下一輪競演。第五場競演係第二輪搶位賽，將會有五位歌手補入新一輪嘅9人陣容，再開啟新一輪月度比賽。之後嘅賽制將依照第二、三、四、五場嘅競演流程循環。 《歌手2026》共有九位首發歌手、三位襲榜歌手同五位補位歌手。 喺選歌上，呢季要求每位參賽歌手喺總決賽之前只可以喺首場競演演唱自己嘅代表作，同時要求每場競演（總決賽則為每輪競演）所有在線歌手嘅競演曲目入面唔可以超過兩首完整嘅英文歌。另外，呢季仲保留選曲範圍抽籤環節，在線歌手由第二場競演開始將透過抽籤決定「流行金曲」同「自由選曲」兩種選曲範圍。 == 賽果 == === 趨勢統計圖 === <div class="iamasinger-legendbar"> {| border="2" cellpadding="9" style="border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse; margin:auto; text-align:center;" |- | class="iamasinger-safe" style="width:10%"| 安全 | class="iamasinger-first" style="width:10%"| 首位 | class="iamasinger-bottom" style="width:10%"| 第尾 | class="iamasinger-el" style="width:10%"| 淘汰 | class="iamasinger-return" style="width:10%"| 表演嘉賓 | class="iamasinger-intl" style="width:10%"| 襲榜歌手 | class="iamasinger-bs" style="width:10%"| 突圍成功 | class="iamasinger-bf" style="width:10%"| 突圍失敗 | class="iamasinger-winner" style="width:10%"| 歌王 | class="iamasinger-other" style="width:10%"| 其他名次 |} </div> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ |- ! rowspan="4" width="30" | !! rowspan="4" width="450" class="unsortable" |歌手 !! colspan="16" | <small>播出日期 （2026年）</small> ! rowspan="4" |平均排名 |- ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">5月22號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">5月29號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月5號</span> !! width="100" colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月12號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月19號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月26號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月3號</span> !! width="100" colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月10號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月17號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月24號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月31號</span> ! width="100" colspan="3" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">8月7號</span> |- ! colspan="5"|第一輪 ! colspan="5"|第二輪 ! colspan="2"|第三輪 ! rowspan="2"|突圍賽 ! colspan="3"|總決賽 |- ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|聯名賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|月度決賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|聯名賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|月度決賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|第一輪 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|第二輪 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 |- | 1 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2019|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S7}}]]</span> {{flagicon|TWN}} [[齊豫|齊　豫]] | class="iamasinger-first"| 1 | class="iamasinger-first"| 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |- | 2 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[我是歌手 (第三季)|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S3}}]]</span> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[胡彥斌]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 3 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 3 | {{flagicon|MYS}} [[尤長靖]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 2 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 4 | {{flagicon|HKG}} [[竇靖童]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 4 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 5 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2017|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S5}}]]</span> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[張碧晨]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 7 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6.5 |- | 6 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[周興哲]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 6 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5.5 |- | 7 | {{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albert Stanaj]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 5 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6 |- | 8 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[魏如萱]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 8 | class="iamasinger-el"| 8 | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="13"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | | | | | 8 |- | 9 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[庾澄慶]] | class="iamasinger-el"| 9 | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="15"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | | | | | 9 |- | 10 | class="iamasinger-intl"| <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2018|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S6}}]]</span> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jessie J]] | data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-return" data-sort-value="9"| {{Hover title|襲榜成功|'''✓'''}} | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="14"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | data-sort-value="10"| — |- |} === 成績匯總 === ;得票數 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="80%" ! rowspan=2 style="width:5%"| !! class="unsortable" rowspan=2 style="width:11%"|歌手 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第一輪 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第二輪 !! colspan=2 style="width:21%"|第三輪 !! rowspan=2 style="width:6%"|突圍賽 !! colspan=2 style="width:15%"|總決賽 |- ! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|第一輪 !! style="width:6%"|第二輪 |- | 1 || [[齊豫]] || 371 || 364 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 2 || [[胡彥斌]] || 269 || 197 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || 325 || 178 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 266 || 271 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 5 || [[張碧晨]] || 174 || 120 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 195 || 139 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 207 || 117 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 141 || 99 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 40 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- |} ;得票率 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="80%" ! rowspan=2 style="width:5%"| !! class="unsortable" rowspan=2 style="width:11%"|歌手 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第一輪 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第二輪 !! colspan=2 style="width:21%"|第三輪 !! rowspan=2 style="width:6%"|突圍賽 !! colspan=2 style="width:15%"|總決賽 |- ! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|第一輪 !! style="width:6%"|第二輪 |- | 1 || [[齊豫]] || 18.66% || 24.51% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 2 || [[胡彥斌]] || 13.53% || 13.26% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || 16.34% || 11.98% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 13.38% || 18.24% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 5 || [[張碧晨]] || 8.75% || 8.08% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 9.80% || 9.36% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 10.41% || 7.87% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 7.09% || 6.66% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 2.01% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- |} == 賽程 == === 第一輪 === ==== 搶位賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026首場競演、為第一輪搶位賽。第一期，喺北京時間2026年5月22號夜晚7點30分現場直播。呢場，[[庾澄慶]]遭到淘汰，搶位失敗。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="9" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪搶位賽 2026年5月22號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:7%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:10%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:20%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:12%"| 原唱 !! style="width:11%"| 作詞 !! style="width:11%"| 作曲 !! style="width:12%"| 編曲 !! style="width:9%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[魏如萱]] || [[吳澤林]] || 《[[末路狂花 (魏如萱專輯)|末路狂花]]》 || colspan=2 | 魏如萱 || 魏如萱<br />[[韓立康]]<br />[[蕭賀碩]] || 韓立康<br />[[黃少雍]]<br />[[陳建騏]] || 8 |- | 2 || [[庾澄慶]] || [[趙一橙]] || 《[[讓我一次愛個夠]]》 || 庾澄慶 || [[陳家麗]] || 庾澄慶 || [[謝燕輝]]<br />[[Chase Jackson (音樂人)|Chase Jackson]] || 9 |- | 3 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[袁詠琳]] || 《[[I Don't Want to Miss a Thing]]》 || [[Aerosmith]] || colspan=2 | [[Diane Warren]] || [[陳迪 (音樂人)|陳牧荻]] || 5 |- | 4 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || 《[[AZORAland·我是尤長靖|是你想成為的大人嗎]]》 || 尤長靖 || [[唐恬|唐　恬]] || [[錢雷 (音樂人)|錢　雷]] || 何　山 || 2 |- | 5 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || 《你要的全拿走》 || colspan=3 | 胡彥斌 || [[谷粟|谷　粟]]<br />胡彥斌 || 3 |- | rowspan=2 | 6 || rowspan=2 | [[竇靖童]] || rowspan=2 | [[鄭方一]] || 《同一片天空下》 || colspan=3 | 竇靖童 || rowspan=2 | 竇靖童<br />蔡智光<br />卓家誠 || rowspan=2 | 4 |- | 《[[黑豹 (專輯)|Don't Break My Heart]]》 || [[黑豹樂隊]] || colspan=2 | [[竇唯|竇　唯]] |- | 7 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || 《[[如果雨之後|永不失聯的愛]]》 || 周興哲 || [[饒雪漫]] || 周興哲 || 陳牧荻<br />周興哲 || 6 |- | 8 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || 《Interstellar》 || colspan=2 | 張碧晨 || Andreas Öhrn<br />[[Peter Boström]]<br />Didrik Thott || 彭浩楷<br />姜　禹<br />[[郭小峰 (音樂人)|郭小峰]] || 7 |- | 9 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || [[者來女]] || 《[[橄欖樹 (專輯)|橄欖樹]]》 || 齊　豫 || [[三毛 (作家)|三　毛]] || [[李泰祥]] || [[吳加恩]] || 1 |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪搶位賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || 371 || 18.66% |- | 2 || [[尤長靖]] || 325 || 16.34% |- | 3 || [[胡彥斌]] || 269 || 13.53% |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 266 || 13.38% |- | 5 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 207 || 10.41% |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 195 || 9.80% |- | 7 || [[張碧晨]] || 174 || 8.75% |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 141 || 7.09% |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 40 || 2.01% |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || 1988 |} ==== 襲榜賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026第二場競演、為第一輪襲榜賽。第二期，喺北京時間2026年5月29號夜晚7點30分現場直播。呢場由[[Jessie J]]分別向[[張碧晨]]同[[尤長靖]]組、[[胡彥斌]]同[[竇靖童]]組發起襲榜挑戰，最終襲榜成功，[[魏如萱]]遭到淘汰。呢期競演張碧晨、竇靖童嘅選曲範圍為自由選曲，其他在線歌手嘅選曲範圍為流行金曲，其中[[齊豫]]原抽中自由選曲，之後因提前確定呢期選曲而自願同張碧晨交換。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="9" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽 2026年5月29號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:7%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:10%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:20%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:12%"| 原唱 !! style="width:11%"| 作詞 !! style="width:11%"| 作曲 !! style="width:12%"| 編曲 !! style="width:9%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[Jessie J]] || [[袁詠琳]] || 《[[Don't Tease Me with a Good Time|California]]》 || Jessie J || Jessie J<br />[[Ryan Tedder]] || Ryan Tedder || — || 襲榜獲勝 |- | 2 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || 《[[發燒 (張惠妹專輯)|知道]]》 || [[張惠妹]] || [[林秋離]] || [[涂惠源]] || 曾吳秋傑 || 6 |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || 《[[真情歌 (蕭煌奇專輯)|阿嬤的話]]》{{ref|間奏音樂2a|[a]}} || colspan=3 | [[蕭煌奇]] || [[鄭楠|鄭　楠]] || 4 |- | 4 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[覃與欽]] || 《[[Counting Stars]]》 || [[OneRepublic]] || colspan=2 | Ryan Tedder || [[李大旭]] || 7 |- | 5 || [[魏如萱]] || [[吳澤林]] || 《[[感官世界 (林宥嘉專輯)|心酸]]》 || [[林宥嘉]] || [[施人誠]] || [[丁世光]] || [[張晁毓]] || 8 |- | rowspan=2 | 6 || rowspan=2 | [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || rowspan=2 | [[者來女]] || 《[[大海 (歌)|大海]]》 || rowspan=2| [[張雨生]] || [[陳大力]] || 陳大力<br />陳秀男 || rowspan=2 | [[陳飛午]]<br />齊　豫 || rowspan=2 | 1 |- | 《[[我期待]]》 || colspan=2 | 張雨生 |- | 7 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || 《[[跨時代|說了再見]]》 || [[周杰倫]] || 古小力<br />黃凌嘉 || 周杰倫 || [[陳迪 (音樂人)|陳牧荻]] || 5 |- | 8 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || 《[[因你而在|修煉愛情]]》{{ref|前奏音樂2b|[b]}} || [[林俊傑]] || [[易家揚]] || 林俊傑 || [[谷粟|谷　粟]]<br />胡彥斌 || 3 |- | 9 || [[竇靖童]] || [[鄭方一]] || 《[[做自己|電台情歌]]》 || [[莫文蔚]] || [[姚謙|姚　謙]] || [[王治平 (作曲家)|王治平]] || [[黃少雍]] || 2 |- | 10 || Jessie J || 袁詠琳 || 《[[My Way]]》 || [[Frank Sinatra]] || Gilles Thibaut<br />[[Claude François]]<br />[[保羅安卡|Paul Anka]] || [[Jacques Revaux]] || [[吳加恩]] || 襲榜獲勝 |} <div class="iamasinger-table-footnotes" style="width:100%;"> {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} : {{note|間奏音樂2a}} A. 間奏加入《[[家後 (歌)|家後]]》旋律 {{col-2}} : {{note|前奏音樂2b}} B. 前奏加入《[[第二天堂]]》旋律 {{col-end}} </div> ===== 襲榜結果 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="5" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽結果</div> |- ! style="width:10%" | 輪次 !! style="width:15%" | 歌手 !! style="width:15%" | 得票數 !! style="width:15%" | 得票率 !! style="width:15%" | 結果 |- | rowspan=3 | 1 || [[Jessie J]] || 243 || 48.89% || rowspan=2 | 襲榜獲勝 |- | [[張碧晨]] || 74 || 14.88% |- | [[尤長靖]] || 180 || 36.21% |- | rowspan=3 | 2 || Jessie J || 380 || 78.83% || rowspan=2 | 襲榜獲勝 |- | [[胡彥斌]] || 54 || 11.20% |- | [[竇靖童]] || 48 || 9.95% |- | colspan=6 | '''最終結果：'''Jessie J襲榜成功 |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || 364 || 24.51% |- | 2 || [[竇靖童]] || 271 || 18.24% |- | 3 || [[胡彥斌]] || 197 || 13.26% |- | 4 || [[尤長靖]] || 178 || 11.98% |- | 5 || [[周興哲]] || 139 || 9.36% |- | 6 || [[張碧晨]] || 120 || 8.08% |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 117 || 7.87% |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 99 || 6.66% |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || 1485 |} ==== 聯名賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026第三場競演、為第一輪聯名賽。第三期，喺北京時間2026年6月5號夜晚7點30分現場直播。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="10" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪聯名賽 2026年6月5號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:6%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:11%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:11%"| 幫唱嘉賓 !! style="width:18%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:10%"| 原唱 !! style="width:10%"| 作詞 !! style="width:10%"| 作曲 !! style="width:10%"| 編曲 !! style="width:6%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || [[海來阿木]] || 《夢底》 || colspan=3 | 海來阿木 || || |- | 2 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || [[炎明熹]] || 《顏色》 || colspan=3 | [[湯令山|Gareth. T]] || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || [[錘娜麗莎]] || 《[[傷心的人別聽慢歌]]》 || [[五月天]] || colspan=2 | [[陳信宏|阿　信]] || || |- | 4 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[覃與欽]] || [[Lauren Spencer Smith]] || 《[[Talking to the Moon]]》 || [[般奴馬斯|Bruno Mars]] || colspan=2 | Bruno Mars<br />[[Philip Lawrence (詞曲作家)|Philip Lawrence]]<br />[[Ari Levine]]<br />Albert Winkler<br />[[Jeff Bhasker]] || || |- | 5 || [[竇靖童]] || [[鄭方一]] || INNOUT || 《[[Birds of a Feather (比莉·艾利殊嘅歌)|Birds of a Feather]]》 || [[比莉艾利殊|Billie Eilish]] || colspan=2 | Billie Eilish<br />[[Finneas O'Connell]] || || |- | 6 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || [[Jony J]] || 《借過一下》 || [[周深|周　深]] || [[唐恬|唐　恬]] || [[周以力]] || || |- | 7 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || [[者來女]] || [[阿雲嘎]] || 《[[彎彎的月亮]]》 || [[陳汝佳]] || colspan=2 | [[李海鷹 (作曲家)|李海鷹]] || || |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪聯名賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[]] || || |- | 2 || [[]] || || |- | 3 || [[]] || || |- | 4 || [[]] || || |- | 5 || [[]] || || |- | 6 || [[]] || || |- | 7 || [[]] || || |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || |} ==== 總排名 ==== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="5" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪總排名</div> |- ! style="width:20%"| 排名 !! style="width:20%"| 歌手 !! style="width:20%"| 第三場得票率（排名） !! style="width:20%"| 第四場得票率（排名） !! style="width:20%"| 總得票率 |- | 1 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 2 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 3 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 4 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 5 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 6 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 7 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |} == 製作過程 == === 前期籌備 === 呢季節目嘅大眾聽審報名通道喺北京時間2026年4月27號中午12點正式開啟。當晚，一組由AI生成嘅《歌手2026》首發歌手陣容海報開始喺網絡上熱傳。嗰組海報喺視覺設計上高度貼合節目組官方版式，並且出現咗[[張韶涵]]、[[劉憲華]]、[[美依禮芽]]等網傳歌手陣容。當晚，被傳為其中一位首發歌手嘅美依禮芽率先回應話「自己也被驚到了」，而對於海報內容嘅真實性就並未做出明確表態，但係日本藝人去中國大陸演出因[[2025—2026年中日外交風波|2025年中日外交風波]]已經喺2025年11月28號起全面暫停。4月28號，節目組透過官方微博發表聲明，表示相關海報係網民自行創作，並唔係官方版本，正式陣容仲未公佈<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202604/t20260428_347401.html|title=歌手2026海报是AI制作，官方打假，技术进步了虚假信息不能也“进步”|publisher=扬子晚报|author1=沈昭|date=2026-04-28|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429073424/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202604/t20260428_347401.html|archivedate=2026-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hntv.tv/50rd/article/1/2049051857921777665|title=《歌手2026》AI海报在网络热传 官方回应：是网友创作|publisher=大象新闻|editor=邵恰|date=2026-04-28|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516182839/https://www.hntv.tv/50rd/article/1/2049051857921777665|archivedate=2026-05-16}}</ref>。 2026年5月15號，湖南衛視、芒果TV播出《歌手2026》特別企劃，內容為對[[黃綺珊]]、[[韋唯]]、[[陳潔儀]]、[[容祖兒]]、[[蕭敬騰]]、[[騰格爾]]、[[楊坤]]、[[周深]]、[[那英]]、[[李佳薇]]十位往季參賽歌手嘅回訪<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60350355/%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B2026-%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E8%A1%9B%E8%A6%965-22%E9%A6%96%E6%92%AD-%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E4%BC%81%E5%8A%83%E5%9B%9E%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92%E5%91%A8%E6%B7%B1%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B|title=歌手2026丨湖南衛視5.22首播　特別企劃回訪容祖兒周深等歌手|publisher=香港01|author1=小白|date=2026-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-20|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520165116/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60350355/%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B2026-%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E8%A1%9B%E8%A6%965-22%E9%A6%96%E6%92%AD-%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E4%BC%81%E5%8A%83%E5%9B%9E%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92%E5%91%A8%E6%B7%B1%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B|archivedate=2026-05-20}}</ref>。5月16號，節目組喺官方微博正式公佈呢季首發歌手陣容<ref name="2026首發歌手">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/05/16/11747190.shtml|title=《歌手2026》官宣首发歌手阵容，维持现场直播形式|publisher=北京日报|date=2026-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516062540/https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/05/16/11747190.shtml|archivedate=2026-05-16}}</ref>。 2026年5月21號，節目組公布呢季全新升級嘅四大全民玩法。喺保留「全民圍觀」嘅基礎上，呢季新增咗「全民想看」、「全民開麥」同「全民搶聲量」三大全新玩法<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202605/t20260522_355369.html|title=《歌手2026》记者抢先听：齐豫说70岁不被定义，庾澄庆为“找刺激”而来|publisher=扬子晚报|author1=张楠|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522192539/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202605/t20260522_355369.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。同日，節目組喺長沙召開首場新聞發布會，公布咗呢季節目嘅舞台設計同埋九位首發歌手嘅音源試聽片段<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ent.ycwb.com/2026-05/22/content_54133132.htm|title=舞美揭秘，音源释出，《歌手2026》全球试听会信息量好大|publisher=羊城晚报|author1=艾修煜|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522192810/https://ent.ycwb.com/2026-05/22/content_54133132.htm|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>，同時宣布「全民想看」互動玩法正式啟動，觀眾可透過芒果TV助力自己鐘意嘅歌手，首期福利係隨機抽取觀眾贈送個人線下演出門票，由第二期節目起嗰期想看榜排名第一嘅歌手將攞到喺直播完後額外演唱一首歌曲嘅權利<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33210681|title=《歌手2026》全球试听会：庾澄庆不设限，齐豫不被定义|publisher=澎湃新闻|author1=黄河|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522193450/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33210681|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 === 播出期間 === ==== 軼聞 ==== 喺第一輪搶位賽，庾澄慶排名墊底遭到淘汰，魏如萱攞到第八名。而庾澄慶喺個人直播間無意咁對魏如萱提起自己準備嘅六首備選曲目都被節目組駁回嘅情況，魏如萱表示自己準備嘅兩首備選曲目同樣被節目組駁回，但冇講明具體原因，呢個情況引起網民對節目組嘅批評<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.videoland.com.tw/article/25e54488-ed71-491a-a79b-3d0cc7244e0b.html|title=爆冷門！庾澄慶閒聊脫口「換歌內幕」全程直播　《歌手2026》首集遭淘汰|publisher=緯來新聞網|author1=蔡依庭|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522193910/https://news.videoland.com.tw/article/25e54488-ed71-491a-a79b-3d0cc7244e0b.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>，更有網民話首期競演節目組就直接駁回咗30首備選曲目<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cava.tw/entertainment/variety-show/265228|title=庾澄慶《歌手2026》慘遭一日遊！準備6首歌全打槍，合夥人直播開嗆|publisher=造咖|date=2026-05-25|accessdate=2026-05-25|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525151720/https://cava.tw/entertainment/variety-show/265228|archivedate=2026-05-25}}</ref>。對於庾澄慶嘅淘汰，《我是歌手》同《歌手》系列節目原製作人洪濤表示「請他來是豎起而不是爆冷的」，並話「在決定請的那一刻就要想清楚能否從音樂上、結果上給予藝人足夠的保護和安全感」<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20260525edi030|title=庾澄慶首集遭淘汰引熱議　《歌手》創始人曝心聲：請他是來豎旗不是來爆冷的|publisher=鏡週刊|author1=游明哲|date=2026-05-25|accessdate=2026-05-25|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525151910/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20260525edi030|archivedate=2026-05-25}}</ref>。 == 爭議 == 針對網民關注嘅選曲爭議，總導演張丹陽喺接受採訪嗰陣表示選曲過程由節目組同歌手雙向溝通、反覆打磨，並由節目組結合歌手個人經歷、當下表達訴求、聲音適配度三大維度畀專業意見。而對於選定最終演唱曲目，張丹陽就回應話「選曲由歌手自主決定」，並表示節目組尊重歌手嘅表達欲，都尊重佢地嘅選擇<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202606/t20260602_358831.html|title=《歌手2026》制片人首次揭秘选曲：由歌手自主决定，尊重歌手表达|publisher=揚子晚報|author=張楠|date=2026-06-02|accessdate=2026-06-03|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260603190551/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202606/t20260602_358831.html|archivedate=2026-06-03}}</ref>。 == 節目播放平台 == {| class="wikitable iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! width="15%" | 國家／地區 !! width="15%" | 頻道 !! 播出日期 !! 首播時間 !! 備註 |- | {{CHNML}} || [[湖南衛視]] || rowspan=3| 2026年5月22號 || rowspan=3| 逢星期五夜晚7點30分－夜晚10點 || |- | {{MYS}} || [[Astro QJ]] || rowspan=2| 同湖南衛視同步直播 |- | {{SIN}} || [[HUB都會台]] |} == 收視率 == <onlyinclude>{{收視率表格 | 收視地區 = {{CHNML}} | 表格寬度 = 100% | 字號 = 100% | 標題背景顏色 = #FF7D00 | 頻道 = 湖南衛視 | 首播 = yes | 多數據來源 = yes | 數據來源 = ky.live | num_column = 6 | num_row = 1 | 備註寬度 = 30% }} |- | 1 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-05-22}} | 0.6029 || 3.4620 || 1 || |- | 2 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-05-29}} | 0.5729 || 3.4292 || 1 || |- | 3 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-06-05}} | || || || |- | 4 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-06-12}} | || || || |- {{收視率表格/End | 同時段節目 = #* [[浙江衛視]]：《[[奔跑吧|奔跑吧10]]》 #* [[江蘇衛視]]：《[[音你而來 (第三季)|音你而來3]]》 | KY = yes | CCTV = no | 其他備註 = # 排名係星期五晚間所有綜藝節目嘅排名，並唔一定係同一時段。 # 《歌手2026上場倒計時》未計入收視同排名。 }}</onlyinclude> == 參考資料 == {{Reflist|30em}} == 出面網頁 == * {{Sinaweibo|iamasinger|湖南衛視歌手}}{{zh-cn}} * [https://www.mgtv.com/act/2026/gs2026/ 《歌手2026》芒果TV官方頻道] == 綜藝節目變遷 == {{電視節目變遷 | 寬度 = 600pt | 電視台 = {{CHNML}} [[湖南衛視]]{{ref|x|[a]}} | 播放檔次 = 逢星期五 19:30—22:00 | 節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 上一節目 = [[親愛的·客棧]]2026{{ref|y|[b]}}{{small|（第1—11期）}}<br />（2026年2月27號—2026年5月15號） | 下一節目 = 不想睡的星期五（暫定） | 2播放檔次 = [[歌手 (湖南衛視)|歌手]]系列節目變遷 | 2節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 2上一節目 = [[歌手2025]]<br />（2025年5月16號—2025年8月8號） | 2下一節目 = 待定 }} {{電視節目變遷 | 寬度 = 600pt | 電視台 = {{SIN}} [[HUB都會台]] | 播放檔次 = 逢星期五 19:30—22:00（同湖南衛視同步直播） | 節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 上一節目 = 聲生不息·華流季<br />（2026年2月13號—2026年5月1號） | 下一節目 = 待定 }} {{plainlist|style=font-size:small; text-align:left;| * {{note|x}} a. 馬來西亞[[Astro QJ]]星期五黃金檔季播節目同湖南衛視同步播出。 * {{note|y}} b. 2026年2月27號至5月15號，逢星期五黃金檔播出《親愛的·客棧2026》。其中19:30播出一集《金鷹獨播劇場》，20:10播出《親愛的·客棧2026》。 }} {{齊豫}} {{胡彥斌}} {{張碧晨}} {{湖南衛視綜藝節目}} {{我是歌手}} [[Category:我是歌手|11]] [[Category:歌手 (湖南衛視)|7]] cxrcarsguewb4tn0m6syaoho1sw8rno 2416330 2416310 2026-06-05T01:36:24Z 特克斯特 120591 /* 聯名賽 */ 2416330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In-progress TV show}} <templatestyles src="我是歌手/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="我是歌手/darkmodestyles.css" /> {{系列節目資訊框 | bodyclass = singerbox | baseclass = iamasinger-s11 | 名稱 = 歌手2026 | 英文名稱 = {{lang|en|Singer 2026|i=yes}} | 圖片 = 歌手2026.jpg | 尺寸 = 270px | 圖說 = 《歌手2026》片頭 | 顏色 = revert-layer | 類型 = 真人騷音樂類比賽 | 總導演 = 張丹陽、王婷 | assi_director_label = 執行導演 | 助理導演 = | 主持 = [[何炅]]{{small|（常規賽）}}<br />[[那英]]{{small|（第一期至第四期）}} | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season | 音樂總監 = [[陳建騏]] | 參賽人數 = | 冠軍 = | 亞軍 = | 季軍 = }} | 國家 = {{CHNML}} | 語言 = [[國語]] | 字幕 = [[簡化字]] | 集數 = 12 | 每集長度 = 120分鐘 | producer_label = 節目監製 | 製片人 = [[洪嘯]] | 出品人 = 龔政文 | 總監製 = 蔡懷軍 | 監製 = 宋點、梁德平 | 外景 = [[七彩盒子|湖南廣播電視台節目生產基地]]<br />F劇院演播廳 | 機位 = 多機位 | 製作公司 = [[湖南廣播電視台|HBS]] | 電視網 = [[湖南衛視]] | 圖像制式 = [[標清電視|SDTV]] [[576i]]<br />[[高清電視|HDTV]] [[1080i]]<br />[[超高清電視|UHDTV]] [[2160p]] | 聲音制式 = [[立體聲]] | 開始 = {{start date|2026|5|22}} | 結束 = {{start date|2026|8|7}} | 播出時間 = 逢星期五 19:30－22:00 | 前作 = [[歌手2025]]<br />（2025年） | 本作 = '''歌手2026'''<br />（2026年） | 續作 = }} '''《[[歌手 (湖南衛視)|歌手]]》2026'''，係[[中國大陸]][[湖南衛視]]同[[芒果TV]]喺2026年第二季度播出嘅逢星期五晚黃金檔音樂類[[真人騷|真人騷節目]]，係[[2026芒果六平台節目巡禮]]重點推介嘅一檔節目，接檔節目《[[親愛的·客棧|親愛的·客棧2026]]》。節目依舊由芒果TV洪嘯賽道張丹陽團隊打造，音樂總監係臺灣資深音樂人[[陳建騏]]，首期節目喺2026年5月22號喺[[湖南]][[長沙]][[七彩盒子|HBS節目生產基地（七彩盒子）]]現場直播。 《歌手2026》加盟歌手依舊匯聚咗[[大中華地區]]同埋其他地區嘅知名歌手。首發歌手包括[[香港]]嘅[[竇靖童]]、[[臺灣]]嘅[[庾澄慶]]、[[魏如萱]]、[[周興哲]]、[[馬來西亞]]嘅[[尤長靖]]、[[阿爾巴尼亞]]籍[[美國]]嘅[[Albert Stanaj]]、[[歌手2019|《歌手》2019]]嘅[[齊豫]]、[[我是歌手 (第三季)|《我是歌手》第三季]]嘅[[胡彥斌]]同[[歌手2017|《歌手》2017]]嘅[[張碧晨]]；襲榜歌手包括[[歌手2018|《歌手》2018]]嘅[[Jessie J]]。呢季首次採用全新嘅月度聯賽賽制<ref name="賽制簡介">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ctdsb.net/c1476_202605/2750039.html|title=《歌手2026》首场直播，窦靖童登台翻唱窦唯经典《Don't Break my heart》，那英现场泪崩忘了拿麦：一代人终将老去，包括我跟她妈|publisher=極目新聞|author1=張聰|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://megalodon.jp/2026-0523-0407-38/https://www.ctdsb.net:443/c1476_202605/2750039.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 == 賽制 == 《歌手2026》嘅賽制對《歌手》系列節目嘅經典賽製作出咗重大革新，設立全新嘅月度聯賽賽制，賽制係四場一輪，每場都有500位觀眾聽審投票，每位聽審揀3位（9人在線嗰陣就係4位）自己認為嗰場表現最好嘅歌手。四場做一輪月賽，期間只淘汰唔補入任何歌手，月度第四週係月度決賽，只有當月排名前四名嘅歌手先可以晉級第二個月嘅比賽<ref name="賽制簡介" />。 呢季首場有9位首發歌手將會經由搶位嘅方式，得到喺下一期（第一輪襲榜賽）參賽嘅資格。9位歌手競演後，現場500位大眾聽審投票9揀4，攞第9名嘅歌手將直接淘汰，剩返嘅8位歌手將進入下一期。 喺之後嘅第二場競演，將由第一位襲榜歌手同八位在線歌手現場比拼，在線歌手陣營將通過自行商議產生四個雙人演唱組，襲榜歌手將分別向其中嘅兩組歌手發起襲榜挑戰，其中一組守榜拍檔透過場外觀眾限時投票產生，另一組守榜拍檔由襲榜歌手現場選擇，每組演唱完後現場500位大眾聽審投票三揀一，投票結果決定襲榜歌手係唔係挑戰成功。如果襲榜歌手兩輪都攞到第一名，就淘汰嗰場競演排名墊底嘅歌手；相反在線歌手全部安全；如果雙方各攞到一輪第一名就由兩輪襲榜對決嘅綜合得票率決定襲榜係唔係成功同係唔係產生淘汰。 第三場競演係第一輪聯名賽，由歌手邀請幫唱嘉賓合演。第四場競演係月度決賽，累積兩場得票率排名前四名嘅歌手晉級下一輪競演。第五場競演係第二輪搶位賽，將會有五位歌手補入新一輪嘅9人陣容，再開啟新一輪月度比賽。之後嘅賽制將依照第二、三、四、五場嘅競演流程循環。 《歌手2026》共有九位首發歌手、三位襲榜歌手同五位補位歌手。 喺選歌上，呢季要求每位參賽歌手喺總決賽之前只可以喺首場競演演唱自己嘅代表作，同時要求每場競演（總決賽則為每輪競演）所有在線歌手嘅競演曲目入面唔可以超過兩首完整嘅英文歌。另外，呢季仲保留選曲範圍抽籤環節，在線歌手由第二場競演開始將透過抽籤決定「流行金曲」同「自由選曲」兩種選曲範圍。 == 賽果 == === 趨勢統計圖 === <div class="iamasinger-legendbar"> {| border="2" cellpadding="9" style="border:1px solid gray; border-collapse:collapse; margin:auto; text-align:center;" |- | class="iamasinger-safe" style="width:10%"| 安全 | class="iamasinger-first" style="width:10%"| 首位 | class="iamasinger-bottom" style="width:10%"| 第尾 | class="iamasinger-el" style="width:10%"| 淘汰 | class="iamasinger-return" style="width:10%"| 表演嘉賓 | class="iamasinger-intl" style="width:10%"| 襲榜歌手 | class="iamasinger-bs" style="width:10%"| 突圍成功 | class="iamasinger-bf" style="width:10%"| 突圍失敗 | class="iamasinger-winner" style="width:10%"| 歌王 | class="iamasinger-other" style="width:10%"| 其他名次 |} </div> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ |- ! rowspan="4" width="30" | !! rowspan="4" width="450" class="unsortable" |歌手 !! colspan="16" | <small>播出日期 （2026年）</small> ! rowspan="4" |平均排名 |- ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">5月22號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">5月29號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月5號</span> !! width="100" colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月12號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月19號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">6月26號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月3號</span> !! width="100" colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月10號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月17號</span> !! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月24號</span> ! width="100" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">7月31號</span> ! width="100" colspan="3" |<span style="font-size:x-small;">8月7號</span> |- ! colspan="5"|第一輪 ! colspan="5"|第二輪 ! colspan="2"|第三輪 ! rowspan="2"|突圍賽 ! colspan="3"|總決賽 |- ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|聯名賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|月度決賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|聯名賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|月度決賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|搶位賽 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|襲榜賽 ! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|第一輪 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|第二輪 !! width="100" data-sort-type="text"|總排名 |- | 1 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2019|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S7}}]]</span> {{flagicon|TWN}} [[齊豫|齊　豫]] | class="iamasinger-first"| 1 | class="iamasinger-first"| 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 |- | 2 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[我是歌手 (第三季)|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S3}}]]</span> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[胡彥斌]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 3 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 3 | {{flagicon|MYS}} [[尤長靖]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 2 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 4 | {{flagicon|HKG}} [[竇靖童]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 4 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 |- | 5 | <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2017|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S5}}]]</span> {{flagicon|CHN}} [[張碧晨]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 7 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6.5 |- | 6 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[周興哲]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 6 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5.5 |- | 7 | {{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albert Stanaj]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 5 | class="iamasinger-safe"| 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6 |- | 8 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[魏如萱]] | class="iamasinger-safe"| 8 | class="iamasinger-el"| 8 | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="8"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="13"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="14"| — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | | | | | 8 |- | 9 | {{flagicon|TWN}} [[庾澄慶]] | class="iamasinger-el"| 9 | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="15"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" data-sort-value="16"| — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | class="iamasinger-el" | — | | | | | 9 |- | 10 | class="iamasinger-intl"| <span class="iamasinger-returnsinger">[[歌手2018|{{color|var(--color-emphasized, black)|S6}}]]</span> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jessie J]] | data-sort-value="10"| — | class="iamasinger-return" data-sort-value="9"| {{Hover title|襲榜成功|'''✓'''}} | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="9"| — | data-sort-value="14"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | data-sort-value="15"| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | data-sort-value="10"| — |- |} === 成績匯總 === ;得票數 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="80%" ! rowspan=2 style="width:5%"| !! class="unsortable" rowspan=2 style="width:11%"|歌手 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第一輪 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第二輪 !! colspan=2 style="width:21%"|第三輪 !! rowspan=2 style="width:6%"|突圍賽 !! colspan=2 style="width:15%"|總決賽 |- ! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|第一輪 !! style="width:6%"|第二輪 |- | 1 || [[齊豫]] || 371 || 364 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 2 || [[胡彥斌]] || 269 || 197 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || 325 || 178 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 266 || 271 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 5 || [[張碧晨]] || 174 || 120 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 195 || 139 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 207 || 117 || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 141 || 99 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 40 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- |} ;得票率 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="80%" ! rowspan=2 style="width:5%"| !! class="unsortable" rowspan=2 style="width:11%"|歌手 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第一輪 !! colspan=4 style="width:21%"|第二輪 !! colspan=2 style="width:21%"|第三輪 !! rowspan=2 style="width:6%"|突圍賽 !! colspan=2 style="width:15%"|總決賽 |- ! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|聯名賽 !! style="width:6%"|月度決賽 !! style="width:6%"|搶位賽 !! style="width:6%"|襲榜賽 !! style="width:6%"|第一輪 !! style="width:6%"|第二輪 |- | 1 || [[齊豫]] || 18.66% || 24.51% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 2 || [[胡彥斌]] || 13.53% || 13.26% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || 16.34% || 11.98% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 13.38% || 18.24% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 5 || [[張碧晨]] || 8.75% || 8.08% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 9.80% || 9.36% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 10.41% || 7.87% || || || || || || || || || || || |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 7.09% || 6.66% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 2.01% || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || || || |- |} == 賽程 == === 第一輪 === ==== 搶位賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026首場競演、為第一輪搶位賽。第一期，喺北京時間2026年5月22號夜晚7點30分現場直播。呢場，[[庾澄慶]]遭到淘汰，搶位失敗。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="9" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪搶位賽 2026年5月22號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:7%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:10%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:20%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:12%"| 原唱 !! style="width:11%"| 作詞 !! style="width:11%"| 作曲 !! style="width:12%"| 編曲 !! style="width:9%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[魏如萱]] || [[吳澤林]] || 《[[末路狂花 (魏如萱專輯)|末路狂花]]》 || colspan=2 | 魏如萱 || 魏如萱<br />[[韓立康]]<br />[[蕭賀碩]] || 韓立康<br />[[黃少雍]]<br />[[陳建騏]] || 8 |- | 2 || [[庾澄慶]] || [[趙一橙]] || 《[[讓我一次愛個夠]]》 || 庾澄慶 || [[陳家麗]] || 庾澄慶 || [[謝燕輝]]<br />[[Chase Jackson (音樂人)|Chase Jackson]] || 9 |- | 3 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[袁詠琳]] || 《[[I Don't Want to Miss a Thing]]》 || [[Aerosmith]] || colspan=2 | [[Diane Warren]] || [[陳迪 (音樂人)|陳牧荻]] || 5 |- | 4 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || 《[[AZORAland·我是尤長靖|是你想成為的大人嗎]]》 || 尤長靖 || [[唐恬|唐　恬]] || [[錢雷 (音樂人)|錢　雷]] || 何　山 || 2 |- | 5 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || 《你要的全拿走》 || colspan=3 | 胡彥斌 || [[谷粟|谷　粟]]<br />胡彥斌 || 3 |- | rowspan=2 | 6 || rowspan=2 | [[竇靖童]] || rowspan=2 | [[鄭方一]] || 《同一片天空下》 || colspan=3 | 竇靖童 || rowspan=2 | 竇靖童<br />蔡智光<br />卓家誠 || rowspan=2 | 4 |- | 《[[黑豹 (專輯)|Don't Break My Heart]]》 || [[黑豹樂隊]] || colspan=2 | [[竇唯|竇　唯]] |- | 7 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || 《[[如果雨之後|永不失聯的愛]]》 || 周興哲 || [[饒雪漫]] || 周興哲 || 陳牧荻<br />周興哲 || 6 |- | 8 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || 《Interstellar》 || colspan=2 | 張碧晨 || Andreas Öhrn<br />[[Peter Boström]]<br />Didrik Thott || 彭浩楷<br />姜　禹<br />[[郭小峰 (音樂人)|郭小峰]] || 7 |- | 9 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || [[者來女]] || 《[[橄欖樹 (專輯)|橄欖樹]]》 || 齊　豫 || [[三毛 (作家)|三　毛]] || [[李泰祥]] || [[吳加恩]] || 1 |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪搶位賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || 371 || 18.66% |- | 2 || [[尤長靖]] || 325 || 16.34% |- | 3 || [[胡彥斌]] || 269 || 13.53% |- | 4 || [[竇靖童]] || 266 || 13.38% |- | 5 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 207 || 10.41% |- | 6 || [[周興哲]] || 195 || 9.80% |- | 7 || [[張碧晨]] || 174 || 8.75% |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 141 || 7.09% |- | 9 || [[庾澄慶]] || 40 || 2.01% |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || 1988 |} ==== 襲榜賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026第二場競演、為第一輪襲榜賽。第二期，喺北京時間2026年5月29號夜晚7點30分現場直播。呢場由[[Jessie J]]分別向[[張碧晨]]同[[尤長靖]]組、[[胡彥斌]]同[[竇靖童]]組發起襲榜挑戰，最終襲榜成功，[[魏如萱]]遭到淘汰。呢期競演張碧晨、竇靖童嘅選曲範圍為自由選曲，其他在線歌手嘅選曲範圍為流行金曲，其中[[齊豫]]原抽中自由選曲，之後因提前確定呢期選曲而自願同張碧晨交換。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="9" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽 2026年5月29號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:7%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:10%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:20%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:12%"| 原唱 !! style="width:11%"| 作詞 !! style="width:11%"| 作曲 !! style="width:12%"| 編曲 !! style="width:9%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[Jessie J]] || [[袁詠琳]] || 《[[Don't Tease Me with a Good Time|California]]》 || Jessie J || Jessie J<br />[[Ryan Tedder]] || Ryan Tedder || — || 襲榜獲勝 |- | 2 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || 《[[發燒 (張惠妹專輯)|知道]]》 || [[張惠妹]] || [[林秋離]] || [[涂惠源]] || 曾吳秋傑 || 6 |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || 《[[真情歌 (蕭煌奇專輯)|阿嬤的話]]》{{ref|間奏音樂2a|[a]}} || colspan=3 | [[蕭煌奇]] || [[鄭楠|鄭　楠]] || 4 |- | 4 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[覃與欽]] || 《[[Counting Stars]]》 || [[OneRepublic]] || colspan=2 | Ryan Tedder || [[李大旭]] || 7 |- | 5 || [[魏如萱]] || [[吳澤林]] || 《[[感官世界 (林宥嘉專輯)|心酸]]》 || [[林宥嘉]] || [[施人誠]] || [[丁世光]] || [[張晁毓]] || 8 |- | rowspan=2 | 6 || rowspan=2 | [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || rowspan=2 | [[者來女]] || 《[[大海 (歌)|大海]]》 || rowspan=2| [[張雨生]] || [[陳大力]] || 陳大力<br />陳秀男 || rowspan=2 | [[陳飛午]]<br />齊　豫 || rowspan=2 | 1 |- | 《[[我期待]]》 || colspan=2 | 張雨生 |- | 7 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || 《[[跨時代|說了再見]]》 || [[周杰倫]] || 古小力<br />黃凌嘉 || 周杰倫 || [[陳迪 (音樂人)|陳牧荻]] || 5 |- | 8 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || 《[[因你而在|修煉愛情]]》{{ref|前奏音樂2b|[b]}} || [[林俊傑]] || [[易家揚]] || 林俊傑 || [[谷粟|谷　粟]]<br />胡彥斌 || 3 |- | 9 || [[竇靖童]] || [[鄭方一]] || 《[[做自己|電台情歌]]》 || [[莫文蔚]] || [[姚謙|姚　謙]] || [[王治平 (作曲家)|王治平]] || [[黃少雍]] || 2 |- | 10 || Jessie J || 袁詠琳 || 《[[My Way]]》 || [[Frank Sinatra]] || Gilles Thibaut<br />[[Claude François]]<br />[[保羅安卡|Paul Anka]] || [[Jacques Revaux]] || [[吳加恩]] || 襲榜獲勝 |} <div class="iamasinger-table-footnotes" style="width:100%;"> {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} : {{note|間奏音樂2a}} A. 間奏加入《[[家後 (歌)|家後]]》旋律 {{col-2}} : {{note|前奏音樂2b}} B. 前奏加入《[[第二天堂]]》旋律 {{col-end}} </div> ===== 襲榜結果 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="5" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽結果</div> |- ! style="width:10%" | 輪次 !! style="width:15%" | 歌手 !! style="width:15%" | 得票數 !! style="width:15%" | 得票率 !! style="width:15%" | 結果 |- | rowspan=3 | 1 || [[Jessie J]] || 243 || 48.89% || rowspan=2 | 襲榜獲勝 |- | [[張碧晨]] || 74 || 14.88% |- | [[尤長靖]] || 180 || 36.21% |- | rowspan=3 | 2 || Jessie J || 380 || 78.83% || rowspan=2 | 襲榜獲勝 |- | [[胡彥斌]] || 54 || 11.20% |- | [[竇靖童]] || 48 || 9.95% |- | colspan=6 | '''最終結果：'''Jessie J襲榜成功 |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪襲榜賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || 364 || 24.51% |- | 2 || [[竇靖童]] || 271 || 18.24% |- | 3 || [[胡彥斌]] || 197 || 13.26% |- | 4 || [[尤長靖]] || 178 || 11.98% |- | 5 || [[周興哲]] || 139 || 9.36% |- | 6 || [[張碧晨]] || 120 || 8.08% |- | 7 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || 117 || 7.87% |- | 8 || [[魏如萱]] || 99 || 6.66% |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || 1485 |} ==== 聯名賽 ==== 呢期係歌手2026第三場競演、為第一輪聯名賽。第三期，喺北京時間2026年6月5號夜晚7點30分現場直播。 {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! colspan="10" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪聯名賽 2026年6月5號 主持人：[[何炅]]、[[那英]]</div> |- ! style="width:6%" | 出場順序 !! style="width:11%"| 歌手 !! style="width:8%"| 音樂合夥人 !! style="width:11%"| 幫唱嘉賓 !! style="width:18%"| 演唱曲目 !! style="width:10%"| 原唱 !! style="width:10%"| 作詞 !! style="width:10%"| 作曲 !! style="width:10%"| 編曲 !! style="width:6%"| 排名 |- | 1 || [[張碧晨]] || [[張佑汐]] || [[海來阿木]] || 《夢底》 || colspan=3 | 海來阿木 || || |- | 2 || [[周興哲]] || [[莊宇光]] || [[炎明熹]] || 《顏色》 || colspan=3 | [[湯令山|Gareth. T]] || || |- | 3 || [[尤長靖]] || [[董岩磊]] || [[錘娜麗莎]] || 《[[傷心的人別聽慢歌]]》 || [[五月天]] || colspan=2 | [[陳信宏|阿　信]] || || |- | 4 || [[Albert Stanaj]] || [[覃與欽]] || [[Lauren Spencer Smith]] || 《[[Talking to the Moon]]》 || [[般奴馬斯|Bruno Mars]] || colspan=2 | Bruno Mars<br />[[Philip Lawrence (詞曲作家)|Philip Lawrence]]<br />[[Ari Levine]]<br />Albert Winkler<br />[[Jeff Bhasker]] || || |- | 5 || [[竇靖童]] || [[鄭方一]] || [[INNOUT]] || 《[[Birds of a Feather (比莉·艾利殊嘅歌)|Birds of a Feather]]》 || [[比莉艾利殊|Billie Eilish]] || colspan=2 | Billie Eilish<br />[[Finneas O'Connell]] || || |- | 6 || [[胡彥斌]] || [[李莎旻子]] || [[Jony J]] || 《借過一下》 || [[周深|周　深]] || [[唐恬|唐　恬]] || [[周以力]] || || |- | 7 || [[齊豫|齊　豫]] || [[者來女]] || [[阿雲嘎]] || 《[[彎彎的月亮]]》 || [[陳汝佳]] || colspan=2 | [[李海鷹 (作曲家)|李海鷹]] || || |} ===== 得票率 ===== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="4" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪聯名賽得票率</div> |- ! style="width:25%" | 排名 !! style="width:25%" | 歌手 !! style="width:25%" | 得票數 !! style="width:25%" | 得票率 |- | 1 || [[]] || || |- | 2 || [[]] || || |- | 3 || [[]] || || |- | 4 || [[]] || || |- | 5 || [[]] || || |- | 6 || [[]] || || |- | 7 || [[]] || || |- | colspan=2 | '''有效票數''' || |} ==== 總排名 ==== {| class="iamasinger-s11" width="100%" |- ! colspan="5" | <div class="iamasinger-table-header">歌手2026 第一輪總排名</div> |- ! style="width:20%"| 排名 !! style="width:20%"| 歌手 !! style="width:20%"| 第三場得票率（排名） !! style="width:20%"| 第四場得票率（排名） !! style="width:20%"| 總得票率 |- | 1 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 2 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 3 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 4 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 5 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 6 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |- | 7 || [[]] || %（） || %（） || % |} == 製作過程 == === 前期籌備 === 呢季節目嘅大眾聽審報名通道喺北京時間2026年4月27號中午12點正式開啟。當晚，一組由AI生成嘅《歌手2026》首發歌手陣容海報開始喺網絡上熱傳。嗰組海報喺視覺設計上高度貼合節目組官方版式，並且出現咗[[張韶涵]]、[[劉憲華]]、[[美依禮芽]]等網傳歌手陣容。當晚，被傳為其中一位首發歌手嘅美依禮芽率先回應話「自己也被驚到了」，而對於海報內容嘅真實性就並未做出明確表態，但係日本藝人去中國大陸演出因[[2025—2026年中日外交風波|2025年中日外交風波]]已經喺2025年11月28號起全面暫停。4月28號，節目組透過官方微博發表聲明，表示相關海報係網民自行創作，並唔係官方版本，正式陣容仲未公佈<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202604/t20260428_347401.html|title=歌手2026海报是AI制作，官方打假，技术进步了虚假信息不能也“进步”|publisher=扬子晚报|author1=沈昭|date=2026-04-28|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429073424/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202604/t20260428_347401.html|archivedate=2026-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hntv.tv/50rd/article/1/2049051857921777665|title=《歌手2026》AI海报在网络热传 官方回应：是网友创作|publisher=大象新闻|editor=邵恰|date=2026-04-28|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516182839/https://www.hntv.tv/50rd/article/1/2049051857921777665|archivedate=2026-05-16}}</ref>。 2026年5月15號，湖南衛視、芒果TV播出《歌手2026》特別企劃，內容為對[[黃綺珊]]、[[韋唯]]、[[陳潔儀]]、[[容祖兒]]、[[蕭敬騰]]、[[騰格爾]]、[[楊坤]]、[[周深]]、[[那英]]、[[李佳薇]]十位往季參賽歌手嘅回訪<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60350355/%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B2026-%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E8%A1%9B%E8%A6%965-22%E9%A6%96%E6%92%AD-%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E4%BC%81%E5%8A%83%E5%9B%9E%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92%E5%91%A8%E6%B7%B1%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B|title=歌手2026丨湖南衛視5.22首播　特別企劃回訪容祖兒周深等歌手|publisher=香港01|author1=小白|date=2026-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-20|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520165116/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82/60350355/%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B2026-%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E8%A1%9B%E8%A6%965-22%E9%A6%96%E6%92%AD-%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E4%BC%81%E5%8A%83%E5%9B%9E%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%B9%E7%A5%96%E5%85%92%E5%91%A8%E6%B7%B1%E7%AD%89%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B|archivedate=2026-05-20}}</ref>。5月16號，節目組喺官方微博正式公佈呢季首發歌手陣容<ref name="2026首發歌手">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/05/16/11747190.shtml|title=《歌手2026》官宣首发歌手阵容，维持现场直播形式|publisher=北京日报|date=2026-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-16|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516062540/https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/05/16/11747190.shtml|archivedate=2026-05-16}}</ref>。 2026年5月21號，節目組公布呢季全新升級嘅四大全民玩法。喺保留「全民圍觀」嘅基礎上，呢季新增咗「全民想看」、「全民開麥」同「全民搶聲量」三大全新玩法<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202605/t20260522_355369.html|title=《歌手2026》记者抢先听：齐豫说70岁不被定义，庾澄庆为“找刺激”而来|publisher=扬子晚报|author1=张楠|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522192539/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202605/t20260522_355369.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。同日，節目組喺長沙召開首場新聞發布會，公布咗呢季節目嘅舞台設計同埋九位首發歌手嘅音源試聽片段<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ent.ycwb.com/2026-05/22/content_54133132.htm|title=舞美揭秘，音源释出，《歌手2026》全球试听会信息量好大|publisher=羊城晚报|author1=艾修煜|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522192810/https://ent.ycwb.com/2026-05/22/content_54133132.htm|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>，同時宣布「全民想看」互動玩法正式啟動，觀眾可透過芒果TV助力自己鐘意嘅歌手，首期福利係隨機抽取觀眾贈送個人線下演出門票，由第二期節目起嗰期想看榜排名第一嘅歌手將攞到喺直播完後額外演唱一首歌曲嘅權利<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33210681|title=《歌手2026》全球试听会：庾澄庆不设限，齐豫不被定义|publisher=澎湃新闻|author1=黄河|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522193450/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_33210681|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 === 播出期間 === ==== 軼聞 ==== 喺第一輪搶位賽，庾澄慶排名墊底遭到淘汰，魏如萱攞到第八名。而庾澄慶喺個人直播間無意咁對魏如萱提起自己準備嘅六首備選曲目都被節目組駁回嘅情況，魏如萱表示自己準備嘅兩首備選曲目同樣被節目組駁回，但冇講明具體原因，呢個情況引起網民對節目組嘅批評<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.videoland.com.tw/article/25e54488-ed71-491a-a79b-3d0cc7244e0b.html|title=爆冷門！庾澄慶閒聊脫口「換歌內幕」全程直播　《歌手2026》首集遭淘汰|publisher=緯來新聞網|author1=蔡依庭|date=2026-05-22|accessdate=2026-05-22|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522193910/https://news.videoland.com.tw/article/25e54488-ed71-491a-a79b-3d0cc7244e0b.html|archivedate=2026-05-22}}</ref>，更有網民話首期競演節目組就直接駁回咗30首備選曲目<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cava.tw/entertainment/variety-show/265228|title=庾澄慶《歌手2026》慘遭一日遊！準備6首歌全打槍，合夥人直播開嗆|publisher=造咖|date=2026-05-25|accessdate=2026-05-25|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525151720/https://cava.tw/entertainment/variety-show/265228|archivedate=2026-05-25}}</ref>。對於庾澄慶嘅淘汰，《我是歌手》同《歌手》系列節目原製作人洪濤表示「請他來是豎起而不是爆冷的」，並話「在決定請的那一刻就要想清楚能否從音樂上、結果上給予藝人足夠的保護和安全感」<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20260525edi030|title=庾澄慶首集遭淘汰引熱議　《歌手》創始人曝心聲：請他是來豎旗不是來爆冷的|publisher=鏡週刊|author1=游明哲|date=2026-05-25|accessdate=2026-05-25|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525151910/https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20260525edi030|archivedate=2026-05-25}}</ref>。 == 爭議 == 針對網民關注嘅選曲爭議，總導演張丹陽喺接受採訪嗰陣表示選曲過程由節目組同歌手雙向溝通、反覆打磨，並由節目組結合歌手個人經歷、當下表達訴求、聲音適配度三大維度畀專業意見。而對於選定最終演唱曲目，張丹陽就回應話「選曲由歌手自主決定」，並表示節目組尊重歌手嘅表達欲，都尊重佢地嘅選擇<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202606/t20260602_358831.html|title=《歌手2026》制片人首次揭秘选曲：由歌手自主决定，尊重歌手表达|publisher=揚子晚報|author=張楠|date=2026-06-02|accessdate=2026-06-03|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260603190551/https://www.yzwb.net/news/wy/202606/t20260602_358831.html|archivedate=2026-06-03}}</ref>。 == 節目播放平台 == {| class="wikitable iamasinger-s11" width="100%" ! width="15%" | 國家／地區 !! width="15%" | 頻道 !! 播出日期 !! 首播時間 !! 備註 |- | {{CHNML}} || [[湖南衛視]] || rowspan=3| 2026年5月22號 || rowspan=3| 逢星期五夜晚7點30分－夜晚10點 || |- | {{MYS}} || [[Astro QJ]] || rowspan=2| 同湖南衛視同步直播 |- | {{SIN}} || [[HUB都會台]] |} == 收視率 == <onlyinclude>{{收視率表格 | 收視地區 = {{CHNML}} | 表格寬度 = 100% | 字號 = 100% | 標題背景顏色 = #FF7D00 | 頻道 = 湖南衛視 | 首播 = yes | 多數據來源 = yes | 數據來源 = ky.live | num_column = 6 | num_row = 1 | 備註寬度 = 30% }} |- | 1 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-05-22}} | 0.6029 || 3.4620 || 1 || |- | 2 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-05-29}} | 0.5729 || 3.4292 || 1 || |- | 3 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-06-05}} | || || || |- | 4 | {{FULLDATE|time=2026-06-12}} | || || || |- {{收視率表格/End | 同時段節目 = #* [[浙江衛視]]：《[[奔跑吧|奔跑吧10]]》 #* [[江蘇衛視]]：《[[音你而來 (第三季)|音你而來3]]》 | KY = yes | CCTV = no | 其他備註 = # 排名係星期五晚間所有綜藝節目嘅排名，並唔一定係同一時段。 # 《歌手2026上場倒計時》未計入收視同排名。 }}</onlyinclude> == 參考資料 == {{Reflist|30em}} == 出面網頁 == * {{Sinaweibo|iamasinger|湖南衛視歌手}}{{zh-cn}} * [https://www.mgtv.com/act/2026/gs2026/ 《歌手2026》芒果TV官方頻道] == 綜藝節目變遷 == {{電視節目變遷 | 寬度 = 600pt | 電視台 = {{CHNML}} [[湖南衛視]]{{ref|x|[a]}} | 播放檔次 = 逢星期五 19:30—22:00 | 節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 上一節目 = [[親愛的·客棧]]2026{{ref|y|[b]}}{{small|（第1—11期）}}<br />（2026年2月27號—2026年5月15號） | 下一節目 = 不想睡的星期五（暫定） | 2播放檔次 = [[歌手 (湖南衛視)|歌手]]系列節目變遷 | 2節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 2上一節目 = [[歌手2025]]<br />（2025年5月16號—2025年8月8號） | 2下一節目 = 待定 }} {{電視節目變遷 | 寬度 = 600pt | 電視台 = {{SIN}} [[HUB都會台]] | 播放檔次 = 逢星期五 19:30—22:00（同湖南衛視同步直播） | 節目名稱 = 歌手2026<br />（2026年5月22號—2026年8月7號） | 上一節目 = 聲生不息·華流季<br />（2026年2月13號—2026年5月1號） | 下一節目 = 待定 }} {{plainlist|style=font-size:small; text-align:left;| * {{note|x}} a. 馬來西亞[[Astro QJ]]星期五黃金檔季播節目同湖南衛視同步播出。 * {{note|y}} b. 2026年2月27號至5月15號，逢星期五黃金檔播出《親愛的·客棧2026》。其中19:30播出一集《金鷹獨播劇場》，20:10播出《親愛的·客棧2026》。 }} {{齊豫}} {{胡彥斌}} {{張碧晨}} {{湖南衛視綜藝節目}} {{我是歌手}} [[Category:我是歌手|11]] [[Category:歌手 (湖南衛視)|7]] 155qzddi9oie17jwgoshv7j28m3fhqz 0 369474 2416256 2416079 2026-06-04T16:07:15Z 吉成千奈美 130743 2416256 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''鐵子瓹山窿'''》{{notetag|開播第一個禮拜，網站顯示節目名係《'''鐵子捐山窿'''》，到第二個禮拜改返。}}（{{lang|en|'''Her Railway Trip'''}}）係[[香港]][[無綫電視]]嘅遊埠節目，由[[倪嘉雯]]、[[何泳芍]]主持，各自遊覽[[日本]]嘅鐵路景點。節目由2026年4月30號到6月11號逢禮拜四、五21:30-22:00{{NoteTag|如果播出嗰晚要直播六合彩攪珠（多數禮拜四，亦有例外），就會改做21:35－22:00播。}}喺[[TVB Plus]]播。 == 每集內容 == {|class="wikitable" style="min-width:360px; text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" ||'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主持同主題''' |- | 01 || 4月30號 || 何泳芍—果園收採水果、享受飯坂溫泉 |- | 02 || 5月1號 || 倪嘉雯—迷你鐵道駕駛體驗、歎意式雪糕賞稻穗 |- | 03 || 5月7號 || 何泳芍—用大蔥吃蕎麥麵、登山拍攝列車過橋美照 |- | 04 || 5月8號 || 倪嘉雯—尋找忍者列車、身邊全是「狸貓」 |- | 05 || 5月14號 || 何泳芍—冒雨欣賞淨土之濱、海鮮市場抵食魚生 |- | 06 || 5月15號 || 何泳芍—親手掘琥珀、廢棄鐵道另類方式「重生」 |- | 07 || 5月21號 || 倪嘉雯—體驗江戶時代做槍技藝、親親海豚 |- | 08 || 5月22號 || 倪嘉雯—火車露台看美景、天然製鹽體驗 |- | 09 || 5月28號 || 何泳芍—躍入田澤湖嬉水、觀賞角館祭 |- | 10 || 5月29號 || 倪嘉雯—鐵道變身巴士、廢校水族館 |- | 11 || 6月4號 || 何泳芍—瞓身拍攝列車美照、親自採收提子 |- | 12 || 6月11號 || 倪嘉雯— |} ==節目調動== *2026年6月5號：由於直播《賽馬直擊 - 英國橡樹大賽日》，所以停播一次。 ==註== {{noteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://programme.tvb.com/tc/herrailwaytrip_146126/%E9%90%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%90%E5%B1%B1%E7%AA%BF 鐵子瓹山窿 | TVB 無綫電視] *[https://www.mytvsuper.com/tc/programme/herrailwaytrip_146126/%E9%90%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%90%E5%B1%B1%E7%AA%BF/ 鐵子瓹山窿 - myTV SUPER網上看] {{2026年TVB Plus自製綜藝節目}} {{HK-TV-stub}} [[Category:2026年TVB Plus節目]] [[Category:無綫電視遊埠節目]] 8pbh7bjjjtpqxoo4w5gybpj8l0qgn8j 0 369896 2416229 2413744 2026-06-04T12:01:06Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 2416229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026年至2027年英格蘭超級足球聯賽'''（{{Lang-en|2026–27 Premier League}}）係第 35 屆[[英格蘭超級足球聯賽]]賽事。今屆英超聯賽喺2026年8月22號開鑼。 ==參賽隊伍== 2026–27年英格蘭超級足球聯賽參賽隊伍共有 20 隊。 {| class="wikitable" ! 中文名 !! 英文名 !! 所在城市 !! 上季成績 |- | [[阿仙奴]] || Arsenal || [[倫敦]] || 第 1 位 |- | [[曼徹斯特城足球會|曼城]] || Manchester City || [[曼徹斯特]] || 第 2 位 |- | [[曼徹斯特聯合足球會|曼聯]] || Manchester United || [[曼徹斯特]] || 第 3 位 |- | [[阿士東維拉]] || Aston Villa || [[伯明翰]] || 第 4 位 |- | [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] || Liverpool || [[利物浦]] || 第 5 位 |- | [[般尼茅夫足球會|般尼茅夫]] || Bournemouth || [[般尼茅夫]] || 第 6 位 |- | [[新特蘭足球會|新特蘭]] || Sunderland || [[新特蘭]] || 第 7 位 |- | [[白禮頓足球會|白禮頓]] || Brighton & Hove Albion ||[[白禮頓]] || 第 8 位 |- | [[賓福特足球會|賓福特]] || Brentford || [[倫敦]] || 第 9 位 |- | [[車路士足球會|車路士]] || Chelsea || [[倫敦]] || 第 10 位 |- | [[富咸足球會|富咸]] || Fulham || [[倫敦]] || 第 11 位 |- | [[紐卡素足球會|紐卡素]] || Newcastle United || [[紐卡素]] || 第 12 位 |- | [[愛華頓]] || Everton || [[利物浦]] || 第 13 位 |- | [[列斯聯足球會|列斯聯]] || Leeds United || [[列斯]] || 第 14 位 |- | [[水晶宮足球會|水晶宮]] || Crystal Palace || [[倫敦]] || 第 15 位 |- | [[諾定咸森林足球會|諾定咸森林]] || Nottingham Forest || [[諾定咸]] || 第 16 位 |- | [[托定咸熱刺足球會|熱刺]] || Tottenham Hotspur || [[倫敦]] || 第 17 位 |- | [[高雲地利城足球會|高雲地利]] || Coventry City || [[列斯]] || 英冠，第 1 位 |- | [[葉士域治足球會|葉士域治]] || Ipswich Town || [[葉士域治]] || 英冠，第 2 位 |- | [[侯城足球會|侯城]] || Hull City || [[侯城]] || 英冠，附加賽勝方 |} ==積分榜== {{Sports table|style=WDL |update=future |start_date=2026年8月22號 |source=[https://www.premierleague.com/tables Premier League] |class_rules=1＞積分；2＞得失球差；3＞入球數；4＞如果需要判定冠軍、降班或晉級歐洲賽名額嘅時候，以上方法仍然無法決定排名，就按照以下順序確定排名：4.1＞兩隊對賽成績；4.2＞喺兩隊對賽當中，作客入球數；4.3＞喺中立球場進行附加賽 |team_order=ARS, AVL, BOU, BRE, BRI, CHE, COV, CRY, EVE, FUL, HUL, IPS, LEE, LIV, MCI, MUN, NEW, NFO, SUN, TOT |name_ARS={{Fc/ENG|ARS}} |name_AVL={{Fc/ENG|AVL}} |name_BOU={{Fc/ENG|BOU}} |name_BRE={{Fc/ENG|BRE}} |name_BRI={{Fc/ENG|BHA}} |name_COV={{Fc/ENG|COV}} |name_CHE={{Fc/ENG|CHE}} |name_CRY={{Fc/ENG|CRY}} |name_EVE={{Fc/ENG|EVE}} |name_FUL={{Fc/ENG|FUL}} |name_HUL={{Fc/ENG|HUL}} |name_IPS={{Fc/ENG|IPS}} |name_LEE={{Fc/ENG|LEE}} |name_LIV={{Fc/ENG|LIV}} |name_MCI={{Fc/ENG|MCI}} |name_MUN={{Fc/ENG|MUN}} |name_NEW={{Fc/ENG|NEW}} |name_NFO={{Fc/ENG|NFO}} |name_SUN={{Fc/ENG|SUN}} |name_TOT={{Fc/ENG|TOT}} |win_BOU=0|draw_BOU=0|loss_BOU=0|gf_BOU=0|ga_BOU=0 <!-- AFC Bournemouth --> |win_ARS=0|draw_ARS=0|loss_ARS=0|gf_ARS=0|ga_ARS=0 <!-- Arsenal --> |win_AVL=0|draw_AVL=0|loss_AVL=0|gf_AVL=0|ga_AVL=0 <!-- Aston Villa --> |win_BRE=0|draw_BRE=0|loss_BRE=0|gf_BRE=0|ga_BRE=0 <!-- Brentford --> |win_BRI=0|draw_BRI=0|loss_BRI=0|gf_BRI=0|ga_BRI=0 <!-- Brighton --> |win_CHE=0|draw_CHE=0|loss_CHE=0|gf_CHE=0|ga_CHE=0 <!-- Chelsea --> |win_COV=0|draw_COV=0|loss_COV=0|gf_COV=0|ga_COV=0 <!-- Coventry City --> |win_CRY=0|draw_CRY=0|loss_CRY=0|gf_CRY=0|ga_CRY=0 <!-- Crystal Palace --> |win_EVE=0|draw_EVE=0|loss_EVE=0|gf_EVE=0|ga_EVE=0 <!-- Everton --> |win_FUL=0|draw_FUL=0|loss_FUL=0|gf_FUL=0|ga_FUL=0 <!-- Fulham --> |win_HUL=0|draw_HUL=0|loss_HUL=0|gf_HUL=0|ga_HUL=0 <!-- Hull City --> |win_IPS=0|draw_IPS=0|loss_IPS=0|gf_IPS=0|ga_IPS=0 <!-- Ipswich Town --> |win_LEE=0|draw_LEE=0|loss_LEE=0|gf_LEE=0|ga_LEE=0 <!-- Leeds United --> |win_LIV=0|draw_LIV=0|loss_LIV=0|gf_LIV=0|ga_LIV=0 <!-- Liverpool --> |win_MCI=0|draw_MCI=0|loss_MCI=0|gf_MCI=0|ga_MCI=0 <!-- Manchester City --> |win_MUN=0|draw_MUN=0|loss_MUN=0|gf_MUN=0|ga_MUN=0 <!-- Manchester United --> |win_NEW=0|draw_NEW=0|loss_NEW=0|gf_NEW=0|ga_NEW=0 <!-- Newcastle United --> |win_NFO=0|draw_NFO=0|loss_NFO=0|gf_NFO=0|ga_NFO=0 <!-- Nottingham Forest --> |win_SUN=0|draw_SUN=0|loss_SUN=0|gf_SUN=0|ga_SUN=0 <!-- Sunderland --> |win_TOT=0|draw_TOT=0|loss_TOT=0|gf_TOT=0|ga_TOT=0 <!-- Tottenham Hotspur --> |status_text_X=已經確定至少獲得歐霸盃聯賽階段資格 |status_text_Y=已經確定至少獲得歐協聯附加賽資格 |res_col_header=QR |result1=CLLS |result2=CLLS |result3=CLLS |result4=CLLS |result5=ELLS |result18=REL |result19=REL |result20=REL |col_CLLS=green1 |text_CLLS=晉級[[2027–28年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|歐聯<br>聯賽階段]] |col_ELLS=blue1 |text_ELLS=晉級[[2027–28年歐霸盃|歐霸盃聯賽階段]]<!-- |col_ECLPO=yellow1 |text_ECLPO=晉級[[2027–28年歐洲協會聯賽|歐協聯附加賽]]--> |col_REL=red1 |text_REL=降班到英冠 }} ==出面網頁== *[https://www.premierleague.com/ 官方網站] {{英格蘭超級足球聯賽}} [[Category:英格蘭超級足球聯賽]] [[Category:2026年足球]] [[Category:2027年足球]] sff7qw4ixypne3wuf424ihv6cy40z0r 2416230 2416229 2026-06-04T12:02:11Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 /* 參賽隊伍 */ 2416230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026年至2027年英格蘭超級足球聯賽'''（{{Lang-en|2026–27 Premier League}}）係第 35 屆[[英格蘭超級足球聯賽]]賽事。今屆英超聯賽喺2026年8月22號開鑼。 ==參賽隊伍== 2026–27年英格蘭超級足球聯賽參賽隊伍共有 20 隊。 {| class="wikitable" ! 中文名 !! 英文名 !! 所在城市 !! 上季成績 |- | [[阿仙奴]] || Arsenal || [[倫敦]] || 第 1 位 |- | [[曼徹斯特城足球會|曼城]] || Manchester City || [[曼徹斯特]] || 第 2 位 |- | [[曼徹斯特聯合足球會|曼聯]] || Manchester United || [[曼徹斯特]] || 第 3 位 |- | [[阿士東維拉]] || Aston Villa || [[伯明翰]] || 第 4 位 |- | [[利物浦足球會|利物浦]] || Liverpool || [[利物浦]] || 第 5 位 |- | [[般尼茅夫足球會|般尼茅夫]] || Bournemouth || [[般尼茅夫]] || 第 6 位 |- | [[新特蘭足球會|新特蘭]] || Sunderland || [[新特蘭]] || 第 7 位 |- | [[白禮頓足球會|白禮頓]] || Brighton & Hove Albion ||[[白禮頓]] || 第 8 位 |- | [[賓福特足球會|賓福特]] || Brentford || [[倫敦]] || 第 9 位 |- | [[車路士足球會|車路士]] || Chelsea || [[倫敦]] || 第 10 位 |- | [[富咸足球會|富咸]] || Fulham || [[倫敦]] || 第 11 位 |- | [[紐卡素足球會|紐卡素]] || Newcastle United || [[紐卡素]] || 第 12 位 |- | [[愛華頓]] || Everton || [[利物浦]] || 第 13 位 |- | [[列斯聯足球會|列斯聯]] || Leeds United || [[列斯]] || 第 14 位 |- | [[水晶宮足球會|水晶宮]] || Crystal Palace || [[倫敦]] || 第 15 位 |- | [[諾定咸森林足球會|諾定咸森林]] || Nottingham Forest || [[諾定咸]] || 第 16 位 |- | [[托定咸熱刺足球會|熱刺]] || Tottenham Hotspur || [[倫敦]] || 第 17 位 |- | [[高雲地利城足球會|高雲地利]] || Coventry City || [[列斯]] || 英冠，第 1 位 |- | [[葉士域治足球會|葉士域治]] || Ipswich Town || [[葉士域治]] || 英冠，第 2 位 |- | [[侯城足球會|侯城]] || Hull City || [[侯城]] || 英冠，附加賽勝方 |} ==積分榜== {{Sports table|style=WDL |update=future |start_date=2026年8月22號 |source=[https://www.premierleague.com/tables Premier League] |class_rules=1＞積分；2＞得失球差；3＞入球數；4＞如果需要判定冠軍、降班或晉級歐洲賽名額嘅時候，以上方法仍然無法決定排名，就按照以下順序確定排名：4.1＞兩隊對賽成績；4.2＞喺兩隊對賽當中，作客入球數；4.3＞喺中立球場進行附加賽 |team_order=ARS, AVL, BOU, BRE, BRI, CHE, COV, CRY, EVE, FUL, HUL, IPS, LEE, LIV, MCI, MUN, NEW, NFO, SUN, TOT |name_ARS={{Fc/ENG|ARS}} |name_AVL={{Fc/ENG|AVL}} |name_BOU={{Fc/ENG|BOU}} |name_BRE={{Fc/ENG|BRE}} |name_BRI={{Fc/ENG|BHA}} |name_COV={{Fc/ENG|COV}} |name_CHE={{Fc/ENG|CHE}} |name_CRY={{Fc/ENG|CRY}} |name_EVE={{Fc/ENG|EVE}} |name_FUL={{Fc/ENG|FUL}} |name_HUL={{Fc/ENG|HUL}} |name_IPS={{Fc/ENG|IPS}} |name_LEE={{Fc/ENG|LEE}} |name_LIV={{Fc/ENG|LIV}} |name_MCI={{Fc/ENG|MCI}} |name_MUN={{Fc/ENG|MUN}} |name_NEW={{Fc/ENG|NEW}} |name_NFO={{Fc/ENG|NFO}} |name_SUN={{Fc/ENG|SUN}} |name_TOT={{Fc/ENG|TOT}} |win_BOU=0|draw_BOU=0|loss_BOU=0|gf_BOU=0|ga_BOU=0 <!-- AFC Bournemouth --> |win_ARS=0|draw_ARS=0|loss_ARS=0|gf_ARS=0|ga_ARS=0 <!-- Arsenal --> |win_AVL=0|draw_AVL=0|loss_AVL=0|gf_AVL=0|ga_AVL=0 <!-- Aston Villa --> |win_BRE=0|draw_BRE=0|loss_BRE=0|gf_BRE=0|ga_BRE=0 <!-- Brentford --> |win_BRI=0|draw_BRI=0|loss_BRI=0|gf_BRI=0|ga_BRI=0 <!-- Brighton --> |win_CHE=0|draw_CHE=0|loss_CHE=0|gf_CHE=0|ga_CHE=0 <!-- Chelsea --> |win_COV=0|draw_COV=0|loss_COV=0|gf_COV=0|ga_COV=0 <!-- Coventry City --> |win_CRY=0|draw_CRY=0|loss_CRY=0|gf_CRY=0|ga_CRY=0 <!-- Crystal Palace --> |win_EVE=0|draw_EVE=0|loss_EVE=0|gf_EVE=0|ga_EVE=0 <!-- Everton --> |win_FUL=0|draw_FUL=0|loss_FUL=0|gf_FUL=0|ga_FUL=0 <!-- Fulham --> |win_HUL=0|draw_HUL=0|loss_HUL=0|gf_HUL=0|ga_HUL=0 <!-- Hull City --> |win_IPS=0|draw_IPS=0|loss_IPS=0|gf_IPS=0|ga_IPS=0 <!-- Ipswich Town --> |win_LEE=0|draw_LEE=0|loss_LEE=0|gf_LEE=0|ga_LEE=0 <!-- Leeds United --> |win_LIV=0|draw_LIV=0|loss_LIV=0|gf_LIV=0|ga_LIV=0 <!-- Liverpool --> |win_MCI=0|draw_MCI=0|loss_MCI=0|gf_MCI=0|ga_MCI=0 <!-- Manchester City --> |win_MUN=0|draw_MUN=0|loss_MUN=0|gf_MUN=0|ga_MUN=0 <!-- Manchester United --> |win_NEW=0|draw_NEW=0|loss_NEW=0|gf_NEW=0|ga_NEW=0 <!-- Newcastle United --> |win_NFO=0|draw_NFO=0|loss_NFO=0|gf_NFO=0|ga_NFO=0 <!-- Nottingham Forest --> |win_SUN=0|draw_SUN=0|loss_SUN=0|gf_SUN=0|ga_SUN=0 <!-- Sunderland --> |win_TOT=0|draw_TOT=0|loss_TOT=0|gf_TOT=0|ga_TOT=0 <!-- Tottenham Hotspur --> |status_text_X=已經確定至少獲得歐霸盃聯賽階段資格 |status_text_Y=已經確定至少獲得歐協聯附加賽資格 |res_col_header=QR |result1=CLLS |result2=CLLS |result3=CLLS |result4=CLLS |result5=ELLS |result18=REL |result19=REL |result20=REL |col_CLLS=green1 |text_CLLS=晉級[[2027–28年歐洲聯賽冠軍盃|歐聯<br>聯賽階段]] |col_ELLS=blue1 |text_ELLS=晉級[[2027–28年歐霸盃|歐霸盃聯賽階段]]<!-- |col_ECLPO=yellow1 |text_ECLPO=晉級[[2027–28年歐洲協會聯賽|歐協聯附加賽]]--> |col_REL=red1 |text_REL=降班到英冠 }} ==出面網頁== *[https://www.premierleague.com/ 官方網站] {{英格蘭超級足球聯賽}} [[Category:英格蘭超級足球聯賽]] [[Category:2026年足球]] [[Category:2027年足球]] qr6cs7xgxorhfvjduyoignre6okdwkv 0 369898 2416232 2410240 2026-06-04T12:08:31Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 2416232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026年至2027年法國甲組足球聯賽'''（{{lang-en|2026–27 Ligue 1}}）係第89屆[[法國甲組足球聯賽]]賽事。今屆法甲聯賽喺2026年8月23號開鑼。 ==參賽隊伍== 2025–26年法國甲組足球聯賽參賽隊伍共有18支。 {| class="wikitable" ! 中文名稱 !! 英文名稱 !! 所在城市 !! 上季成績 |- |[[巴黎聖日耳門]] || Paris Saint-Germain || [[巴黎]] || 第 1 位 |- |[[朗斯競賽會|朗斯]] || Racing Club de Lens || [[朗斯]] || 第 2 位 |- |[[里爾奧林匹克體育會|里爾]] || Lille OSC || [[里爾]] || 第 3 位 |- |[[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]] || Olympique lyonnais || [[里昂]] || 第 4 位 |- |[[馬賽足球會|馬賽]] || Olympique de Marseille || [[馬賽]] || 第 5 位 |- |[[雷恩足球會|雷恩]] || Stade rennais || [[雷恩]] || 第 6 位 |- |[[摩納哥體育會足球會|摩納哥]] || AS Monaco || [[摩納哥]] || 第 7 位 |- |[[斯特拉斯堡競賽會|斯特拉斯堡]] || RC Strasbourg Alsace || [[斯特拉斯堡]] || 第 8 位 |- |[[圖盧茲足球會|圖盧茲]] || Toulouse FC || [[圖魯茲]] || 第 9 位 |- |[[羅連安特足球會|羅連安特]] || FC Lorient || [[羅連安特]] || 第 10 位 |- |[[巴黎FC]] || Paris FC || [[巴黎]] || 第 11 位 |- |[[比斯特足球會|比斯特]] || Stade brestois 29 || [[比斯特]] || 第 12 位 |- |[[昂熱體育會|昂熱]] || Angers SCO || [[昂熱]] || 第 13 位 |- |[[勒哈弗爾]] || Le Havre AC || [[夏華]] || 第 14 位 |- |[[歐塞爾青年會|歐塞爾]] || AJ Auxerre || [[歐塞爾]] || 第 15 位 |- |[[尼斯蔚藍海岸奧林匹克體操會|尼斯]] || OGC Nice || [[尼斯]] || 第 16 位 |- |[[特魯瓦]] || ES Troyes AC || [[特魯華]] || 法乙，第 1 位 |- |[[勒曼FC]] || Le Mans FC || [[勒曼]] || 法乙，第 2 位 |} ==積分榜== {{2026–27年法國甲組足球聯賽積分榜}} ==連出去== *[http://www.ligue1.com/ 官方網站] [[Category:法國甲組足球聯賽]] [[Category:2026年足球]] [[Category:2027年足球]] 0x221rwhfsgtqhckguxr0ec7iyktrhv 2416233 2416232 2026-06-04T12:09:03Z ~2026-33195-72 338729 /* 參賽隊伍 */ 2416233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026年至2027年法國甲組足球聯賽'''（{{lang-en|2026–27 Ligue 1}}）係第89屆[[法國甲組足球聯賽]]賽事。今屆法甲聯賽喺2026年8月23號開鑼。 ==參賽隊伍== 2025–26年法國甲組足球聯賽參賽隊伍共有18支。 {| class="wikitable" ! 中文名稱 !! 英文名稱 !! 所在城市 !! 上季成績 |- |[[巴黎聖日耳門]] || Paris Saint-Germain || [[巴黎]] || 第 1 位 |- |[[朗斯競賽會|朗斯]] || Racing Club de Lens || [[朗斯]] || 第 2 位 |- |[[里爾奧林匹克體育會|里爾]] || Lille OSC || [[里爾]] || 第 3 位 |- |[[奥林匹克里昂|里昂]] || Olympique lyonnais || [[里昂]] || 第 4 位 |- |[[馬賽足球會|馬賽]] || Olympique de Marseille || [[馬賽]] || 第 5 位 |- |[[雷恩足球會|雷恩]] || Stade rennais || [[雷恩]] || 第 6 位 |- |[[摩納哥體育會足球會|摩納哥]] || AS Monaco || [[摩納哥]] || 第 7 位 |- |[[斯特拉斯堡競賽會|斯特拉斯堡]] || RC Strasbourg Alsace || [[斯特拉斯堡]] || 第 8 位 |- |[[圖盧茲足球會|圖盧茲]] || Toulouse FC || [[圖魯茲]] || 第 9 位 |- |[[羅連安特足球會|羅連安特]] || FC Lorient || [[羅連安特]] || 第 10 位 |- |[[巴黎FC]] || Paris FC || [[巴黎]] || 第 11 位 |- |[[比斯特足球會|比斯特]] || Stade brestois 29 || [[比斯特]] || 第 12 位 |- |[[昂熱體育會|昂熱]] || Angers SCO || [[昂熱]] || 第 13 位 |- |[[勒哈弗爾]] || Le Havre AC || [[夏華]] || 第 14 位 |- |[[歐塞爾青年會|歐塞爾]] || AJ Auxerre || [[歐塞爾]] || 第 15 位 |- |[[尼斯蔚藍海岸奧林匹克體操會|尼斯]] || OGC Nice || [[尼斯]] || 第 16 位 |- |[[特魯瓦]] || ES Troyes AC || [[特魯華]] || 法乙，第 1 位 |- |[[勒曼FC]] || Le Mans FC || [[勒曼]] || 法乙，第 2 位 |} ==積分榜== {{2026–27年法國甲組足球聯賽積分榜}} ==連出去== *[http://www.ligue1.com/ 官方網站] [[Category:法國甲組足球聯賽]] [[Category:2026年足球]] [[Category:2027年足球]] sj51psewvfkj469kkd3170grs9pb2xp 0 369993 2416315 2415989 2026-06-05T01:18:27Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]] |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]] |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] nx1rf2uoym7fuhwtn2j8x5ge0qc75j1 2416319 2416315 2026-06-05T01:21:25Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]] |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]] |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - || || |- | 16 || 6月8號 || Food Night - || || |- | 17 || 6月9號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(IV) || || |- | 18 || 6月10號 || Men’s Challenge Night - || || |- | 19 || 6月11號 || Music Night - || || |- | 20 || 6月12號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] r3x0lrp2977h570oxsj312leigcs3fw 2416335 2416319 2026-06-05T01:45:02Z Tyamiga 237214 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[莊家朗]]、[[鄧祖欣]]參與}} |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[連花]]參與}} |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - || || |- | 16 || 6月8號 || Food Night - || || |- | 17 || 6月9號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(IV) || || |- | 18 || 6月10號 || Men’s Challenge Night - || || |- | 19 || 6月11號 || Music Night - || || |- | 20 || 6月12號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] 7r58w2vyf2bu9i9cfwyjnz9olol5us4 2416354 2416335 2026-06-05T02:12:41Z Tyamiga 237214 2416354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==節目環節== 每個禮拜唔同日子都有唔同主題環節同常規環節。 ===主題環節=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''禮拜幾'''||'''主題'''||'''常駐藝人嘉賓''' |- |禮拜一||Food Night||[[MIRROR]]成員 |- |禮拜二||The Choose Day||[[COLLAR]]成員 |- |禮拜三||Men’s Challenge Night||[[ROVER]]成員 |- |禮拜四||Music Night||[[P1X3L]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]成員 |- |禮拜五||Play Hard Night||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]成員 |} ===常規環節=== *今晚選乜乜：每個禮拜一個主題，禮拜一到四每集有兩位參加者揀一個晉級，禮拜四播完後四位晉級者由觀眾經ViuTV社交媒體投選兩位參與禮拜五決賽 *JACKPOT 問答遊戲：每個禮拜一期，禮拜一到四每集有兩條問題由觀眾經ViuTV網頁參與，最快答中6位可以到錄影廠現場參與禮拜五決賽 *直樂世界盃（第11集起）：每日由唔同「[[足球女將 2|螢花]]」球員玩足球遊戲 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[莊家朗]]、[[鄧祖欣]]參與}} |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[連花]]參與}} |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - || || |- | 16 || 6月8號 || Food Night - || || |- | 17 || 6月9號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(IV) || || |- | 18 || 6月10號 || Men’s Challenge Night - || || |- | 19 || 6月11號 || Music Night - || || |- | 20 || 6月12號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] tmvj0uw4kb9y97d1sady982eiir88oz 2416356 2416354 2026-06-05T02:16:50Z Tyamiga 237214 2416356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==節目環節== 每個禮拜唔同日子都有唔同主題環節同常規環節。 ===主題環節=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''禮拜幾'''||'''主題'''||'''常駐藝人嘉賓''' |- |禮拜一||Food Night||[[MIRROR]]成員 |- |禮拜二||The Choose Day||[[COLLAR]]成員 |- |禮拜三||Men’s Challenge Night||[[ROVER]]成員 |- |禮拜四||Music Night||[[P1X3L]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]成員 |- |禮拜五||Play Hard Night||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]成員 |} ===常規環節=== *今晚選乜乜：每個禮拜一個主題，禮拜一到四每集有兩位參加者揀一個晉級，禮拜四播完後四位晉級者由觀眾經ViuTV社交媒體投選兩位參與禮拜五決賽 *JACKPOT 問答遊戲：每個禮拜一期，禮拜一到四每集有兩條問題由觀眾經ViuTV網頁參與，最快答中6位可以到錄影廠現場參與禮拜五決賽 *直樂世界盃（第11集起）：每日由唔同「[[足球女將 2|螢花]]」球員玩足球遊戲 <!--如果加料，請加呢一行之前-->{{clear}} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[莊家朗]]、[[鄧祖欣]]參與}} |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[連花]]參與}} |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - || || |- | 16 || 6月8號 || Food Night - || || |- | 17 || 6月9號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(IV) || || |- | 18 || 6月10號 || Men’s Challenge Night - || || |- | 19 || 6月11號 || Music Night - || || |- | 20 || 6月12號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] s16b0uj57gld3ga356jb0s8gv3y9vqw 2416500 2416356 2026-06-05T10:21:53Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 8點直樂 VIURIETY | 原名 = VIURIETY | 圖片 = File:VIURIETY.jpg | 圖說 = | 類型 = 綜藝 | 主持 = 見[[#每集一覽|每集一覽]] | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 外景 = {{HKG}}[[邵氏影城]] | 監製 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd|片尾製作人員只係概括寫「《8點直樂 VIURIETY》製作組」。}} | 編審 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 導演 = {{noteTag|name=NoProdCrd}} | 製作年份 = 2026年 | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 集數 = 20（暫定） | 每集長度 = 90分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 音頻制式 = | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{Start date|2026|5|18}} | 結束 = {{End date|2026|6|12}}（暫定） | 播出時間 = 逢禮拜一到五 20:00-21:30 | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety }} 《'''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''》（{{lang-en|''VIURIETY''}}）係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅延時直播綜藝節目，由2026年5月18號到6月12號（暫定）逢禮拜一到五20:00-21:30喺[[ViuTV]]播出。呢個節目係為ViuTV 10周年台慶製作，動員MakerVille全體藝人，禮拜一到五每晚唔同主題。 ==節目環節== 每個禮拜唔同日子都有唔同主題環節同常規環節。 ===主題環節=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''禮拜幾'''||'''主題'''||'''常駐藝人嘉賓''' |- |禮拜一||Food Night||[[MIRROR]]成員 |- |禮拜二||The Choose Day||[[COLLAR]]成員 |- |禮拜三||Men’s Challenge Night||[[ROVER]]成員 |- |禮拜四||Music Night||[[P1X3L]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]成員 |- |禮拜五||Play Hard Night||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]成員 |} ===常規環節=== *今晚選乜乜：每個禮拜一個主題，禮拜一到四每集有兩位參加者揀一個晉級，禮拜四播完後四位晉級者由觀眾經ViuTV社交媒體投選兩位參與禮拜五決賽 *JACKPOT 問答遊戲：每個禮拜一期，禮拜一到四每集有兩條問題由觀眾經ViuTV網頁參與，最快答中6位可以到錄影廠現場參與禮拜五決賽 *直樂世界盃（第11集起）：每日由唔同「[[足球女將 2|螢花]]」球員玩足球遊戲 <!--如果加料，請加呢一行之前-->{{clear}} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''主持'''||'''藝人嘉賓''' |- | 1 || 5月18號 || Food Night - 總之今晚 8 點直樂 ||[[強尼]]、[[沈殷怡]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[陳俞希]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[駱振偉]]、[[陳安立]] || [[MIRROR]]（[[楊樂文]]、[[江𤒹生]]、[[柳應廷]]、[[盧瀚霆]]除外）{{notetag|節目開頭亦出現《ViuTV 10周年繼續跑》參加者[[吳啟洋]]、[[王希晉]]、[[雷濠權]]、[[卓金樂]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[張家文]]}} |- | 2 || 5月19號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」||[[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]]|| [[COLLAR]]（[[許軼]]除外） |- | 3 || 5月20號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 健身之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、<br>[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] ||[[ROVER]] |- | 4 || 5月21號 || Music Night - Y2K之夜 || [[李昭南]]、[[駱振偉]]||[[陳曉東 (藝人)|陳曉東]]、[[P1X3L]]（[[葉振弘]]除外）、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[丘藍]] |- | 5 || 5月22號 || Play Hard Night - 盡玩之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[樊沛珈]] ||[[ERROR (香港組合)|ERROR]]、[[梁釗峰]]、[[米露迪]]、[[姜皓文]]、[[林慧韡]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] |- | 6 || 5月25號 || Food Night - 大細陳 vs 大細 Dee || [[陳安立]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[米露迪]] || [[陳卓賢]]、[[陳瑞輝]]、[[何啟華]]、[[陳海寧]]、[[王智德]] |- | 7 || 5月26號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(II) || [[陳俞希]]、[[李昭南]] || [[沈貞巧]]、[[王家晴]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[米露迪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]] |- | 8 || 5月27號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 外賣員 || [[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[小肥]]、[[JNYBeatz]] |- | 9 || 5月28號 || Music Night - Disco Night || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[泳兒]]、[[陳毅燊|ANSONBEAN]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[曾贊學]]、[[5G (組合)|5G]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、《[[COURT!]]》團隊{{NoteTag|出席者包括[[林愷鈴]]、[[伍詠詩]]、[[符家浚]]、[[張紋嘉]]、艾文、劉家聰、朱淑儀、[[黃奕晨]]、吳家偉、[[雷濠權]]、[[潘漫紅]]、[[黃德斌]]、余詩朗、[[谷祖琳]]、[[邱士縉]]、[[湯駿業]]、[[張錦程]]、[[徐浩昌]]、[[葉澍欣]]、[[蘇家樂]]、[[邵美君]]}} |- | 10 || 5月29號 || Play Hard Night - ERROR玩轉林奕匡+蔡俊彥 || [[練美娟]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[林奕匡]]、[[蔡俊彥]]、[[吳保錡]]、[[何啟華]]、[[李昭南]]、[[陳樂庭]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[米露迪]]、[[樊沛珈]] |- | 11 || 6月1號 || Food Night - 教主下廚 親送驚喜 || [[練美娟]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[蔡宛珊]]、[[樊沛珈]] || [[盧瀚霆]]、[[姜濤]]、[[邱傲然]]、[[梁業]]、[[田曜誠]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[陳樂琳]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|湯珮明]]、[[吳梓清]] |- | 12 || 6月2號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(III) || [[陳俞希]]、[[練美娟]] || [[陳泳伽]]、[[許軼]]、[[蔡寶欣]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[胡希怡]]、[[馬俊怡]]、[[羅詠琪]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|陳凱程]] |- | 13 || 6月3號 || Men’s Challenge Night - 理髮之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[陳子豐]]、[[黃奕晨]]、[[香胤宅]]、[[溫湯馬仕]] || [[ROVER]]、[[吳林峰]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|莊培鈺]]、[[黃可盈]]、[[連家穎]]、[[噢！運動主持都要選#參賽者|溫浚軒]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[莊家朗]]、[[鄧祖欣]]參與}} |- | 14 || 6月4號 || Music Night - 打工仔之苦 || [[李昭南]]、[[陳子豐]] || [[鄧麗英|麗英]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[何洛瑤]]、[[許寶恆]]、[[葛綽瑤]]、[[鍾卓穎]]、[[吳啟洋]]、[[羅子熙]]、[[張家文]]、[[林昆樂]]、[[陳曉希]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[郭思]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|黃恩欣]]、[[足球女將 2#參加者|鄧旨晴]]{{notetag|呢集嘅「今晚選乜乜—入鄉隨俗達人」環節亦有藝人[[連花]]參與}} |- | 15 || 6月5號 || Play Hard Night - 呆等之夜 || [[陳安立]]、[[練美娟]]、[[樊沛珈]]、[[米露迪]] || [[梁業]]、[[郭嘉駿]]、[[方皓玟]]、[[吳梓清]]、[[李凱賢]]、[[蘇家豪]]、[[王頌茵]]、[[巫穎潔]]、[[羅海尤]] |- | 16 || 6月8號 || Food Night - || || |- | 17 || 6月9號 || The Choose Day - 「女士之夜」(IV) || || |- | 18 || 6月10號 || Men’s Challenge Night - || || |- | 19 || 6月11號 || Music Night - || || |- | 20 || 6月12號 || Play Hard Night - || || |} ==前奏節目== 呢個節目有個前奏節目《'''ViuTV 10周年繼續跑'''》（{{lang-en|''ViuTV 10th Anniversary Run''}}），由多位ViuTV藝員累積跑「99+10公里」（即109公里），頭十組跑步由2026年5月8號到2026年5月17號喺ViuTV網站同流動應用程式上架，而最後一棒喺5月18號傍晚進行，跑到入《8點直樂 VIURIETY》嘅錄影廠。 ==軼事== *呢個節目網上重溫頭1日會上載包含廣告嘅電視播出版本，之後會下架，再上載返經過剪輯後冇廣告嘅版本。 ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== *[https://viu.tv/encore/viuriety ViuTV：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCEtAuAnH2jPw7sZjjZa_qS_XCYcPRZrn ViuTV YouTube頻道：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://makerville.hk/zh/works/viuriety MakerVille：8點直樂 VIURIETY] *[https://viu.tv/encore/viutv-10th-anniversary-run ViuTV：ViuTV 10周年繼續跑] ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台={{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次=逢禮拜一到五 20:00－21:30 |節目名稱='''8點直樂 VIURIETY'''<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.12） |上一節目=[[鬥煮對對碰]]<br>（2026.03.09－2026.05.15）<br>（20:00-20:30）<hr>韓劇時段<br>（2016.04.06－2026.05.15）<br>（20:30-21:30） |下一節目=待定 }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] b652j5e9g2hiq8b4zgb5mo1l3ve5nk9 10 370170 2416274 2413406 2026-06-04T18:12:33Z B612cess 91142 2416274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{{1}}} |A組={{Sports table|style=WDL |template_name=2027年亞足協亞洲盃小組積分榜 |update=future |start_date=2027年1月7號 |source=AFC |class_rules=分組賽排名準則 |team_order=KSA, KUW, OMA, PLE |name_KSA={{fb|KSA}} |name_KUW={{fb|KUW}} |name_OMA={{fb|OMA}} |name_PLE={{fb|PLE}} |win_KSA=0 |draw_KSA=0 |loss_KSA=0 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|name_GrD={{fb|IRQ}} |name_GrE={{fb|VIE}} |name_GrF={{fb|THA}} |group_GrA=A |group_GrB=B |group_GrC=C |group_GrD=D |group_GrE=E |group_GrF=F |win_GrA=0 |draw_GrA=0 |loss_GrA=0 |gf_GrA=0 |ga_GrA=0 |status_GrA= |win_GrB=0 |draw_GrB=0 |loss_GrB=0 |gf_GrB=0 |ga_GrB=0 |status_GrB= |win_GrC=0 |draw_GrC=0 |loss_GrC=0 |gf_GrC=0 |ga_GrC=0 |status_GrC= |win_GrD=0 |draw_GrD=0 |loss_GrD=0 |gf_GrD=0 |ga_GrD=0 |status_GrD= |win_GrE=0 |draw_GrE=0 |loss_GrE=0 |gf_GrE=0 |ga_GrE=0 |status_GrE= |win_GrF=0 |draw_GrF=0 |loss_GrF=0 |gf_GrF=0 |ga_GrF=0 |status_GrF= |res_col_header=Q |result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=KO |result4=KO |col_KO=green1 |text_KO=晉級淘汰賽 }} }}<noinclude> {{Multiple sports table preview|A組|B組|C組|D組|E組|F組|小組第三名}} [[Category:2027年亞足協亞洲盃]] </noinclude> qr20o3eye36ui0lhoutxa2afjs3o40e 0 370255 2416369 2414340 2026-06-05T02:28:28Z Tyamiga 237214 2416369 wikitext text/x-wiki 《'''夫妻肺片'''》（'''Lose the Battle, Win the War'''）係香港[[無綫電視]]製作嘅清談節目，2026年6月1號到6月12號逢禮拜一到五晚22:30－23:00喺[[翡翠台]]播，由[[蕭正楠]]、[[曹永廉]]、[[吳若希]]、[[車婉婉]]主持，會傾同婚姻關係有關嘅話題。 ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''集數'''||'''播映日子'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月1號||rowspan="2"|出軌 ||rowspan="2"|[[森美]]、[[Eric Kwok]]、[[湯盈盈]]、[[周家蔚]]、[[陳煒]] |- |2||6月2號 |- |3||6月3號||rowspan="2"|理財 ||rowspan="2"|[[馬國明]]、[[譚俊彥]]、[[陳敏之]]、[[連詩雅]]、[[梁諾妍]] |- |4||6月4號 |- |5||6月5號||rowspan="2"|湊B隊友 ||rowspan="2"|[[陳展鵬]]、[[周志康]]、[[賴慰玲]]、[[雨僑]] |- |6||6月8號 |- |7||6月9號||rowspan="2"| ||rowspan="2"| |- |8||6月10號 |- |9||6月11號||rowspan="2"| ||rowspan="2"| |- |10||6月12號 |} ==出面網頁== *[https://programme.tvb.com/tc/losethebattlewinthewar_146356/%E5%A4%AB%E5%A6%BB%E8%82%BA%E7%89%87 夫妻肺片 | TVB 無綫電視] {{HK-TV-stub}} [[Category:2026年無綫電視節目]] 39pefunfbzzttiu5y3zn8zy4am1b6ig 0 370329 2416387 2415911 2026-06-05T02:44:58Z InternetArchiveBot 158703 救返3個出處、嘜低0個死咗。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2416387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''常理'''（{{lang-en|'''common sense'''}}）<ref>《漢語大詞典（普及本）》， 2000年8月第一版，出版社：世紀出版社 漢語大詞典出版社，ISBN 7-5432-0396-0</ref>係指常人理應要有嘅[[知識]]，令人能夠喺日常生活當中作出基本嘅[[決策]]。<ref>"[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/common+sense common sense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530234235/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/common+sense |date=2017年5月30號 }}." ''[[Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]]'': "sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts." "[http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/common-sense common sense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709070103/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/common-sense |date=2015年7月9號 }}." ''[[Cambridge Dictionary]]'': "the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way." {{harvtxt|van Holthoorn|Olson|1987|page=9}}: "common sense consists of knowledge, judgement, and taste which is more or less universal and which is held more or less without reflection or argument." C.S. {{harvtxt|Lewis|1967|page=146}} wrote that what common sense "often means" is "the elementary mental outfit of the normal man."</ref><ref>民国教育部《重编国语辞典修订本》网路版．2007年. http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204062045/http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/ |date=2018年12月4號 }}</ref><ref> 出处：孫中山 《建國方略》三：“凡欲固結吾國之人心，糾合吾國之民力者，不可不熟習此書。而遍傳之於國人，使成為一普通之常識。”</ref> <ref>夏丏尊 葉聖陶 《文心》五：“詩之外還有詞，詞原可以不讀，如果為求常識起見，想讀，也好，就讀《白香詞譜》吧。”</ref>[[亞里士多德]]認為，常理意味著人類識得點樣區分唔同嘅事物。<ref>The ''[[Shorter Oxford English Dictionary]]'' of 1973 gives four meanings of "common sense": An archaic meaning is "An internal sense which was regarded as the common bond or centre of the five senses"; "Ordinary, normal, or average understanding" without which a man would be "foolish or insane", "the general sense of mankind, or of a community" (two sub-meanings of this are good sound practical sense and general sagacity); A philosophical meaning, the "faculty of primary truths."</ref> == 睇埋 == * [[常識]] * [[傳統]] * [[知識論]] == 參考 == {{Reflist}} {{Epistemology-stub}} {{知識論}} [[Category:知識論]] i4elk4eqnlyzuwf09ktw6kya1jslmwr 0 370332 2416407 2416191 2026-06-05T03:23:40Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 每集一覽 */ 2416407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = [[王家晴]] | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習||吳偉銓 |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習||{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} <!-- ==註== {{NoteFoot}} --> ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] n9zqgt6ut062wf9hh906dr32glka4q3 2416411 2416407 2026-06-05T03:31:56Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 2416411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參與人員== *99 United班主︰[[王智德]]（兼任99 United球員） *99 United經理人：[[王家晴]] *球探（負責招攬BWB嘅球員）︰[[溫湯馬仕]]（兼任99 United球員） ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習||吳偉銓 |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習||{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} <!-- ==註== {{NoteFoot}} --> ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] 2i1xe76blh3mt4z9htplrk0ljxx29qq 2416413 2416411 2026-06-05T03:33:59Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 2416413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參與人員== *99 United班主︰[[王智德]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer|兼任99 United球員}} *99 United經理人：[[王家晴]] *球探（負責招攬BWB嘅球員）︰[[溫湯馬仕]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer}} ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習||吳偉銓 |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習||{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] qer4s0vtct3qa4c7xb8uf78i9mp6bt4 2416416 2416413 2026-06-05T03:42:39Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 參與人員 */ 2416416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參與人員== *99 United班主︰[[王智德]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer|兼任99 United球員}} *99 United經理人：[[王家晴]] *球探（負責招攬BWB球員）︰[[溫湯馬仕]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer}} ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習||吳偉銓 |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習||{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] hcamsahpgnl3yq5olyxyh5uasu2l9em 2416422 2416416 2026-06-05T03:54:35Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 2416422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參與人員== *99 United班主︰[[王智德]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer|兼任99 United球員}} *99 United經理人：[[王家晴]] *球探（負責招攬BWB球員）︰[[溫湯馬仕]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer}} *99 United教練：吳偉銓 *BWB教練：{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習|| |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習|| |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] i3vozlqt8ijsplvo1wr8xzxfuly5vvm 2416426 2416422 2026-06-05T03:56:11Z ~2026-33090-21 338672 /* 參與人員 */ 2416426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{電視節目資訊框 | 名稱 = 香港有場世界盃 | 原名 = Hong Kong World Football | 別名 = | 圖片 = | 類型 = 體育、真人騷 | 主持 = | 旁白 = | 國家 = {{HKG}} | 語言 = [[粵語]] | 集數 = 5 | 製作人 = | 監製 = | 編審 = | 導演 = | 剪輯 = | 外景 = {{HKG}} | 主題曲 = | 作曲 = | 填詞 = | 主唱 = | 製作公司 = [[MakerVille]] | 拍攝年份 = 2026年 | 每集長 = 30分鐘（連廣告） | 電視台 = [[ViuTV]] | 視頻制式 = [[高清電視]] [[1080i]] | 首播國家 = {{HKG}} | 開始 = {{start date|2026|6|8}} | 播出時間 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 | 結束 = {{end date|2026|6|12}} <!-- | 官方網站 = https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football --> }} 《'''香港有場世界盃'''》（{{lang-en|'''Hong Kong World Football'''}}），係[[香港]][[MakerVille]]製作嘅[[體育]][[真人騷]]節目，由2026年6月8號到6月12號禮拜一到五22:30 - 23:00喺[[ViuTV]]播出。節目會由19位藝人同足球員代表ViuTV組成足球隊'''99 United'''，備戰由19位來自唔同地方人士組成嘅無國界足球隊'''Baller Without Borders（BWB）'''。呢個節目係[[2026年FIFA世界盃]]預熱節目之一。 ==參與人員== *99 United班主︰[[王智德]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer|兼任99 United球員}} *99 United經理人：[[王家晴]] *球探（負責招攬BWB球員）︰[[溫湯馬仕]]{{NoteTag|name=99UnitedPlayer}} *99 United教練：吳偉銓（銓Sir） *BWB教練：{{tsl|zh|鄭兆聰}} ==參加者== ===99 United=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置''' |- |1||[[蔡瀚億]]（BabyJohn）||龍門 |- |2||[[程添霖]]（William）||中堅／左／右閘 |- |3||[[利偉倫]]（Alan）||中堅 |- |4||[[黃文衍]]（MW）||左／右閘 |- |7||[[林昆樂]]（Stick）||左／右翼／前鋒 |- |9||[[王智德]]（Alton）||左／右翼 |- |10||[[劉瑞威]]（Daniel）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |11||[[田曜誠]]（Tsoul）||左／右翼／左／右閘 |- |12||[[盧均宜]]（Kylo）||進攻中場 |- |14||[[蘇家豪]]（Daniel So）||防守中場 |- |16||[[黃奕晨]]（Dixon）||防守中場 |- |18||[[張家文]]（Kai Cheung）||左／右翼／前鋒／防守中場 |- |21||[[駱振偉]]（Thor）||前鋒／進攻中場 |- |22||[[梁冠聰]]（Chung）||中堅 |- |24||[[劉嘉瑋]]（Gary）||左／右翼 |- |29||Edison||龍門 |- |33||[[卓金樂]]（Kim）||左／右閘 |- |67||[[溫湯馬仕]]（Thomas）||中堅／前鋒 |- |79||[[吳保錡]]（Poki）||左／右翼／防守中場 |} ===Baller Without Borders（BWB）=== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''波衫號碼'''||'''姓名'''||'''位置'''||'''國籍''' |- |0||Mortadha Lagha||龍門||{{TUN}} |- |2||Haitham Salaheddin||中堅||{{JOR}} |- |3||Nils Krigsman||右閘||{{SWE}} |- |5||Leo Mimasu||防守中場||{{JPN}} x {{FRA}} |- |7||Jolin Wong||右翼||{{CAN}} |- |8||Michaal Abderrahmane||進攻中場||{{MAR}} |- |10||Aldo Vinicius||進攻中場||{{BRA}} |- |11||Oli Miles||左閘||{{ENG}} |- |12||Ousmane Ly||右閘||{{SEN}} |- |13||João Matos Dos Santos||中堅||{{POR}} |- |15||Fabrice Kassongo||中鋒||{{DRC}} |- |16||Dredon Gyan Akwasi||左翼||{{GHA}} |- |17||Alex Lee||左翼||{{KOR}} |- |24||Kieran Kennedy||中堅||{{NZL}} |- |25||Haze Depoortere||中鋒||{{BEL}} |- |26||Ashley Carl de Beer||右翼||{{RSA}} |- |33||Jonatan Acosta（亞哥斯達）||防守中場／進攻中場||{{ARG}} |- |67||Saad Muhammad||中堅||{{USA}} x {{PAK}} |- |96||Alejandro Castro||進攻中場||{{MEX}} |} ==每集一覽== {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:cornflowerblue; color:white" |'''{{nowrap|集數}}'''||'''{{nowrap|播映日子}}'''||'''主題'''||'''嘉賓''' |- |1||6月8號||rowspan=2|BWB球員招攬行動|| |- |2||6月9號|| |- |3||6月10號||99 United練習|| |- |4||6月11號||BWB練習|| |- |5||6月12號||友誼賽|| |} ==註== {{NoteFoot}} ==出面網頁== <!-- *[https://viu.tv/encore/hong-kong-world-football ViuTV：香港有場世界盃] --> ==電視節目變遷== {{電視節目變遷 |電視台 = {{HKG}} [[ViuTV]] |播放檔次 = 禮拜一到五 22:30－23:00 |上一節目 = [[煮個麵你食]]<br>（2026.05.18－2026.06.05） |節目名稱 = '''香港有場世界盃'''<br>（2026.06.08－2026.06.12） |下一節目 = [[Amanda 善食行]]<br>（2026.06.15－） }} {{2026年ViuTV自製綜藝節目}} [[Category:2026年ViuTV節目]] [[Category:ViuTV真人騷]] jgvp9tttyyikj1ttof3mjqmswaijr0a 0 370340 2416257 2416219 2026-06-04T16:08:15Z ~2026-33149-20 338774 2416257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{d|冇合格版本；只有疑似《澳門日報》同疑似英國廣播公司嘅職員或粉絲鬥賣廣告}}{{d|已經排除主導者係中央政府或香港政府嘅可能性；Manchiu個方案唔理公道唔公道都似乎算條人身安全嘅出路}}<!--{{Undue}}{{Current}}{{pov}} '''2026年青洲大馬路交通意外'''，係2026年5月27日晚上約8時18分喺[[澳門]][[青洲大馬路]]近北區警司處一帶行人橫道發生嘅一宗致命交通意外。一名約10歲澳門男童過馬路期間，俾一架輕型汽車撞倒並輾過，送往鏡湖醫院搶救後證實不治。警方初步調查懷疑涉事私家車喺人行橫道無讓先，之後以涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪拘捕涉事男司機，案件移交檢察院偵辦。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978569|title=【男童殞命】私家車人行橫道無讓先釀禍|date=2026-05-27|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==調查及後續== 涉事男司機姓周，40幾歲，澳門永久居民，報稱電腦工程師。警方話，佢酒精測試結果係0。警方喺5月28號記者會表示，初步調查發現涉案司機行經斑馬線前未有減速，現場無發現剎車痕跡；司機聲稱當時無留意有行人過馬路。<ref name="modaily9978637">{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 涉事司機涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪，事發當日俾警方拘捕，5月28號上午移交檢察院偵辦；涉案車輛亦被扣押。警方亦呼籲目擊者或者有相關資料嘅市民聯絡交通廳。<ref name="modaily9978637" /> 事故發生後，唔少居民到事發地點悼念。澳門教育及青年發展局同社會工作局表示關注事件，並為死者家屬提供支援；蓮峰普濟學校亦為校內師生安排情緒輔導。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978664|title=【有片】青洲奪命車禍 大批居民悼念男童|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978614|title=教青局社局慰問青洲車禍遇難學生親屬|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 行政長官岑浩輝透過行政法務司司長黃少澤轉達慰問，並要求保安司統籌相關部門處理現場情況、嚴肅偵辦案件，同時指示有關部門採取預防措施，避免同類事件再次發生。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978751|title=特首慰問車禍遇難男童家屬 要求嚴肅偵辦|date=2026-05-29|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 同善堂之後協助蓮峰普濟學校代收市民畀死者家屬嘅慰問金。到5月30號下午6點，合共收到382,669.40澳門元、14,761.10港元同502人民幣。6月2號，校方表示家屬感謝各界支援，並呼籲外界唔需要再舉行其他悼念活動。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978855|title=【青洲車禍】同善堂代收卅九萬捐款|date=2026-05-30|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9979071|title=【青洲車禍】校方：家屬感謝各界支援|date=2026-06-02|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==參考== {{reflist}}青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人 https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=澳門日報|website=www.modaily.cn|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>{{stub}} [[類:澳門交通]]--> 4xtuv5c4cpv8p8d105yl5e0x38pyo39 2416258 2416257 2026-06-04T16:10:15Z ~2026-33149-20 338774 2416258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{d|只有各走極端嘅廣告宣傳版本；只有疑似《澳門日報》同疑似英國廣播公司嘅職員或粉絲鬥賣告白}}{{d|已經排除主導者係中央政府或香港政府嘅可能性；Manchiu個方案唔理公道唔公道都似乎算條人身安全嘅出路}}<!--{{Undue}}{{Current}}{{pov}} '''2026年青洲大馬路交通意外'''，係2026年5月27日晚上約8時18分喺[[澳門]][[青洲大馬路]]近北區警司處一帶行人橫道發生嘅一宗致命交通意外。一名約10歲澳門男童過馬路期間，俾一架輕型汽車撞倒並輾過，送往鏡湖醫院搶救後證實不治。警方初步調查懷疑涉事私家車喺人行橫道無讓先，之後以涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪拘捕涉事男司機，案件移交檢察院偵辦。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978569|title=【男童殞命】私家車人行橫道無讓先釀禍|date=2026-05-27|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==調查及後續== 涉事男司機姓周，40幾歲，澳門永久居民，報稱電腦工程師。警方話，佢酒精測試結果係0。警方喺5月28號記者會表示，初步調查發現涉案司機行經斑馬線前未有減速，現場無發現剎車痕跡；司機聲稱當時無留意有行人過馬路。<ref name="modaily9978637">{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 涉事司機涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪，事發當日俾警方拘捕，5月28號上午移交檢察院偵辦；涉案車輛亦被扣押。警方亦呼籲目擊者或者有相關資料嘅市民聯絡交通廳。<ref name="modaily9978637" /> 事故發生後，唔少居民到事發地點悼念。澳門教育及青年發展局同社會工作局表示關注事件，並為死者家屬提供支援；蓮峰普濟學校亦為校內師生安排情緒輔導。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978664|title=【有片】青洲奪命車禍 大批居民悼念男童|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978614|title=教青局社局慰問青洲車禍遇難學生親屬|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 行政長官岑浩輝透過行政法務司司長黃少澤轉達慰問，並要求保安司統籌相關部門處理現場情況、嚴肅偵辦案件，同時指示有關部門採取預防措施，避免同類事件再次發生。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978751|title=特首慰問車禍遇難男童家屬 要求嚴肅偵辦|date=2026-05-29|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 同善堂之後協助蓮峰普濟學校代收市民畀死者家屬嘅慰問金。到5月30號下午6點，合共收到382,669.40澳門元、14,761.10港元同502人民幣。6月2號，校方表示家屬感謝各界支援，並呼籲外界唔需要再舉行其他悼念活動。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978855|title=【青洲車禍】同善堂代收卅九萬捐款|date=2026-05-30|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9979071|title=【青洲車禍】校方：家屬感謝各界支援|date=2026-06-02|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==參考== {{reflist}}青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人 https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=澳門日報|website=www.modaily.cn|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>{{stub}} [[類:澳門交通]]--> 35rbpc94n83fvgczagx4qpdltmhbfah 2416259 2416258 2026-06-04T16:13:42Z ~2026-33149-20 338774 2416259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{d|只有各走極端嘅廣告宣傳版本；疑似《澳門日報》同疑似英國廣播公司嘅職員或粉絲鬥賣告白}}{{d|已經排除主導者係中央政府或香港政府嘅可能性；Manchiu個方案唔理公道唔公道都似乎算條人身安全嘅出路}}<!--{{Undue}}{{Current}}{{pov}} '''2026年青洲大馬路交通意外'''，係2026年5月27日晚上約8時18分喺[[澳門]][[青洲大馬路]]近北區警司處一帶行人橫道發生嘅一宗致命交通意外。一名約10歲澳門男童過馬路期間，俾一架輕型汽車撞倒並輾過，送往鏡湖醫院搶救後證實不治。警方初步調查懷疑涉事私家車喺人行橫道無讓先，之後以涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪拘捕涉事男司機，案件移交檢察院偵辦。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978569|title=【男童殞命】私家車人行橫道無讓先釀禍|date=2026-05-27|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==調查及後續== 涉事男司機姓周，40幾歲，澳門永久居民，報稱電腦工程師。警方話，佢酒精測試結果係0。警方喺5月28號記者會表示，初步調查發現涉案司機行經斑馬線前未有減速，現場無發現剎車痕跡；司機聲稱當時無留意有行人過馬路。<ref name="modaily9978637">{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 涉事司機涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪，事發當日俾警方拘捕，5月28號上午移交檢察院偵辦；涉案車輛亦被扣押。警方亦呼籲目擊者或者有相關資料嘅市民聯絡交通廳。<ref name="modaily9978637" /> 事故發生後，唔少居民到事發地點悼念。澳門教育及青年發展局同社會工作局表示關注事件，並為死者家屬提供支援；蓮峰普濟學校亦為校內師生安排情緒輔導。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978664|title=【有片】青洲奪命車禍 大批居民悼念男童|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978614|title=教青局社局慰問青洲車禍遇難學生親屬|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 行政長官岑浩輝透過行政法務司司長黃少澤轉達慰問，並要求保安司統籌相關部門處理現場情況、嚴肅偵辦案件，同時指示有關部門採取預防措施，避免同類事件再次發生。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978751|title=特首慰問車禍遇難男童家屬 要求嚴肅偵辦|date=2026-05-29|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 同善堂之後協助蓮峰普濟學校代收市民畀死者家屬嘅慰問金。到5月30號下午6點，合共收到382,669.40澳門元、14,761.10港元同502人民幣。6月2號，校方表示家屬感謝各界支援，並呼籲外界唔需要再舉行其他悼念活動。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978855|title=【青洲車禍】同善堂代收卅九萬捐款|date=2026-05-30|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9979071|title=【青洲車禍】校方：家屬感謝各界支援|date=2026-06-02|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==參考== {{reflist}}青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人 https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=澳門日報|website=www.modaily.cn|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>{{stub}} [[類:澳門交通]]--> 77z5o435uup16dchowmx44g2etdhbbr 2416260 2416259 2026-06-04T16:16:16Z ~2026-33149-20 338774 2416260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{d|只有各走極端嘅廣告宣傳版本；疑似《澳門日報》同疑似英國廣播公司嘅職員或粉絲鬥賣告白}}<!--{{Undue}}{{Current}}{{pov}} '''2026年青洲大馬路交通意外'''，係2026年5月27日晚上約8時18分喺[[澳門]][[青洲大馬路]]近北區警司處一帶行人橫道發生嘅一宗致命交通意外。一名約10歲澳門男童過馬路期間，俾一架輕型汽車撞倒並輾過，送往鏡湖醫院搶救後證實不治。警方初步調查懷疑涉事私家車喺人行橫道無讓先，之後以涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪拘捕涉事男司機，案件移交檢察院偵辦。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978569|title=【男童殞命】私家車人行橫道無讓先釀禍|date=2026-05-27|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==調查及後續== 涉事男司機姓周，40幾歲，澳門永久居民，報稱電腦工程師。警方話，佢酒精測試結果係0。警方喺5月28號記者會表示，初步調查發現涉案司機行經斑馬線前未有減速，現場無發現剎車痕跡；司機聲稱當時無留意有行人過馬路。<ref name="modaily9978637">{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 涉事司機涉嫌觸犯過失殺人罪，事發當日俾警方拘捕，5月28號上午移交檢察院偵辦；涉案車輛亦被扣押。警方亦呼籲目擊者或者有相關資料嘅市民聯絡交通廳。<ref name="modaily9978637" /> 事故發生後，唔少居民到事發地點悼念。澳門教育及青年發展局同社會工作局表示關注事件，並為死者家屬提供支援；蓮峰普濟學校亦為校內師生安排情緒輔導。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978664|title=【有片】青洲奪命車禍 大批居民悼念男童|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978614|title=教青局社局慰問青洲車禍遇難學生親屬|date=2026-05-28|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 行政長官岑浩輝透過行政法務司司長黃少澤轉達慰問，並要求保安司統籌相關部門處理現場情況、嚴肅偵辦案件，同時指示有關部門採取預防措施，避免同類事件再次發生。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978751|title=特首慰問車禍遇難男童家屬 要求嚴肅偵辦|date=2026-05-29|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> 同善堂之後協助蓮峰普濟學校代收市民畀死者家屬嘅慰問金。到5月30號下午6點，合共收到382,669.40澳門元、14,761.10港元同502人民幣。6月2號，校方表示家屬感謝各界支援，並呼籲外界唔需要再舉行其他悼念活動。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978855|title=【青洲車禍】同善堂代收卅九萬捐款|date=2026-05-30|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9979071|title=【青洲車禍】校方：家屬感謝各界支援|date=2026-06-02|work=澳門日報|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==參考== {{reflist}}青洲奪命車禍 警檢控男司機過失殺人 https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.modaily.cn/amucsite/web/index.html#/detail/9978637|title=澳門日報|website=www.modaily.cn|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>{{stub}} [[類:澳門交通]]--> {{d|已經排除主導者係中央政府或香港政府嘅可能性；Manchiu個方案唔理公道唔公道都似乎算條人身安全嘅出路}} hip8jhs0zfgb29inbxzx0zaeclxxcte 0 370344 2416263 2416198 2026-06-04T16:39:27Z Z423x5c6 42683 2416263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{notability}} {{context}}'''華英豪'''<ref>{{引網|url=https://love.jdsportshk.com/en-US/player/16594/%E8%8F%AF%E8%8B%B1%E8%B1%AA|title=愛鄰舍青少年籃球賽|website=love.jdsportshk.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>（英文虛名：Sam；英文實名：Wah Ying Ho；性別：男）<ref>https://www.basketball.org.hk/images/HKYTS/2019/S2/MJ1_4_S2.pdf</ref>係個香港職業籃球運動員兼教練（喺學校撈），效力[[拼刻體育會]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/ChCB9qUBbuJ/|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>。有自媒體指佢係2026年5月尾至6月頭《東張西望》某系列非運動題材新聞嘅主角（未證實），因而其操守備受聲討。 隨後Playhard Sports Association發表攬佢嘅聲明（已落架），話“我哋秉持住兩樣嘢：第一係教育，第二係包容。 球場就係人生嘅縮影，你會不斷犯錯。 我哋唔會喺成員犯錯嘅時候輕易放棄佢……”，網民查出佢係慈善機構，遂批評香港政府醫療及税務行政失當，對公害組織給予財務優惠云云。<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DZFWSXwRLMa|title=Instagram|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.threads.com/@playhard.sports/post/DZFWrPCCXOh|title=Threads|website=www.threads.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=DZFWSXwRLMa&sei=fUkhas-gGKLPkPIPoZ_j4AE|title=DZFWSXwRLMa - Google Search|website=www.google.com|language=en|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> ==參考資料== {{refs}} [[類:香港籃球手]] {{stub}} qckvg9a5d0coufirt8kagf9kgfaze6a 0 370350 2416294 2026-06-04T23:25:50Z Ronnie Yau 35955 開咗新版「{{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Liu Ziran | 英文名 = | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN-1949}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CHN}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = |...」 2416294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Liu Ziran | 英文名 = | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN-1949}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CHN}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}} | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Liu Ziran'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}），係中國男歌手。 ==簡歷== ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] jepzjxabubnkg8px8x9b0gqjz97in4r 2416295 2416294 2026-06-04T23:29:37Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Liu Ziran | 英文名 = | 綽號 = Zeke | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN-1949}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CHN}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}} | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Liu Ziran'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}，稱為'''Zeke'''），係中國男歌手。 ==簡歷== ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ===2026年=== *《Call Me Back》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] 7geurwounqdpu756wm9ymjla9m8j7g9 2416296 2416295 2026-06-04T23:38:34Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Liu Ziran | 英文名 = | 綽號 = Zeke | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN-1949}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CHN}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}} | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Liu Ziran'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}，稱為'''Zeke'''），係中國男歌手。 ==簡歷== 劉子然喺中國出世，佢係一位男歌手。2021年開始參與《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》<ref>[http://www.orientalsunday.hk/家庭消費/消委會-匹半-分體式冷氣機-大金-三菱-樂聲-格力-1691392/30/ 冤枉新秀訓練營｜踢館賽展開 《考有Feel》「考靚」 《造星3》Sobi 入侵選新秀 17歲中學生一鳴驚人 網友激讚]</ref>。 ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ===2026年=== *《Call Me Back》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] c7k1rmq1pmj0q3p9bhzolocihkmm2v0 2416297 2416296 2026-06-04T23:50:47Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Liu Ziran | 英文名 = | 綽號 = Zeke | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN-1949}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CHN}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[韓文]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}} | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Liu Ziran'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}，稱為'''Zeke'''），係中國男歌手。 ==簡歷== 劉子然喺中國出世，佢係一位男歌手。2021年開始參與《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》<ref>[http://www.orientalsunday.hk/家庭消費/消委會-匹半-分體式冷氣機-大金-三菱-樂聲-格力-1691392/30/ 冤枉新秀訓練營｜踢館賽展開 《考有Feel》「考靚」 《造星3》Sobi 入侵選新秀 17歲中學生一鳴驚人 網友激讚]</ref>。 ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ===2025年=== *《You And I》 ===2026年=== *《Call Me Back》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] mrlgadilu9ph6u5e40k6c2a8sunw9ba 2416393 2416297 2026-06-05T03:05:03Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Lau Tsz Yin | 英文名 = Zeke Lau | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}}<br>{{TW}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[韓文]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}}<br>[http://www.youtube.com/@tszyinz 劉子然嘅YouTube頁] | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Zeke Lau Tsz Yin'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}，稱為'''Zeke'''），係香港男歌手，亦係《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》嘅參賽者。 ==簡歷== 劉子然喺香港出世，而喺臺灣長大，佢係一位男歌手。2021年開始參與《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》<ref>[http://www.orientalsunday.hk/家庭消費/消委會-匹半-分體式冷氣機-大金-三菱-樂聲-格力-1691392/30/ 冤枉新秀訓練營｜踢館賽展開 《考有Feel》「考靚」 《造星3》Sobi 入侵選新秀 17歲中學生一鳴驚人 網友激讚]</ref>。 ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ===2021年=== *《落空》 ===2023年=== *《日至》 ===2025年=== *《You And I》 ===2026年=== *《Call Me Back》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} *[http://www.youtube.com/@tszyinz 劉子然嘅YouTube頁] [[Category:香港男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] 4nxhxmxnp0pkvsuhtspw67uq0yvg00j 2416465 2416393 2026-06-05T05:28:58Z Ronnie Yau 35955 2416465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 類型 = 男歌手 | 姓名 = 劉子然 | 圖片 = | 圖片簡介 = | 圖片尺寸 = | 羅馬拼音 = Lau Tsz Yin | 英文名 = Zeke Lau | 綽號 = | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1995|6|5}} | 出生地點 = {{HKG-1959}} | 逝世日期 = | 逝世地點 = | 國籍 = {{CNHK}}<br>{{TW}} | 籍貫 = | 民族 = | 父母 = | 親屬 = | 配偶 = | 子女 = | 語言 = [[粵語]]、[[英文]]、[[普通話]]、[[韓文]] | 職業 = 歌手 | 教育程度 = | 母校 = | 宗教信仰 = | 出身地 = {{HKG}} | 出道日期 = 2019年 | 活躍年代 = 2019年到依家 | 出道作品 = | 代表作品 = | 經紀公司 = | imdb = | 網站 = {{instagram|tszyinz}}<br>[http://www.youtube.com/@tszyinz 劉子然嘅YouTube頁] | 獎 = }} '''劉子然'''（{{lang-en|'''Zeke Lau Tsz Yin'''}}，{{bd|1995年|6月5號}}，稱為'''Zeke'''），係香港男歌手，亦係《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》嘅參賽者。 ==簡歷== 劉子然喺香港出世，而喺臺灣長大，佢係一位男歌手。2021年開始參與《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》<ref>[http://www.orientalsunday.hk/家庭消費/消委會-匹半-分體式冷氣機-大金-三菱-樂聲-格力-1691392/30/ 冤枉新秀訓練營｜踢館賽展開 《考有Feel》「考靚」 《造星3》Sobi 入侵選新秀 17歲中學生一鳴驚人 網友激讚]</ref>。 ==演出== *2021年：《[[冤枉新秀訓練營]]》參賽者 ==歌曲== ===2021年=== *《落空》 ===2023年=== *《日至》 ===2025年=== *《負距離》（ft. Seluu） *《You And I》 ===2026年=== *《Call Me Back》 ==參考== {{reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{instagram|tszyinz}} *[http://www.youtube.com/@tszyinz 劉子然嘅YouTube頁] [[Category:香港男歌手]] [[Category:劉氏|子然]] 281n42jyi5lnb5gi8tnwq1xz5tmvldd 0 370351 2416299 2026-06-05T00:35:58Z HenryLi 14 開版大埔道七咪半休憩花園 2416299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:7½_Mile_Stone_Tai_Po_Road_-_Bus_stop_and_rest_garden_-_Mapillary_(268935575200984)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] '''大埔道七咪半休憩花園'''，[[香港]]公眾[[花園]]之一，喺[[大圍]]南便山腰，白石附近，[[沙田嶺]]東端，[[大埔道]]七咪半，近[[沙田嶺路巴士站]]，歸入[[休憩花園]]類別。按香港[[公眾衞生及市政條例]]列入[[公眾遊樂場地]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/checkconfig/checkClientConfig.jsp?applicationId=RA001|title=Hong Kong e-Legislation|website=www.elegislation.gov.hk|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>。佔地約十[[公畝]]<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://open-data.hk/|title=香港地理空間資料集瀏覽器|last=資料集瀏覽器|first=香港 CSDI|website=open-data.hk|language=zh-HK|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，全日任人流連出入。 介乎大埔公路沙田嶺段同大圍段交界附近。個花園重建過，原址喺今日[[青沙公路]]上面<ref name=":0" />，為咗起呢條路而向東移。所以實情唔喺大埔公路側邊。對落山腳有鐵路[[東鐵綫]]，即舊時[[九廣鐵路]]。戰時喺醉酒灣防綫入便。 == 語源 == 大埔道七咪半休憩花園，英文 * 7<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math> M.S. Tai Po Road Rest Garden，舊公園法例寫法。 * 7½ Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園牌寫法。 * 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園法律寫法。 咁出於有塊七咪半里程碑。 == 史 == 公園原本喺舊時大埔道轉角，舊八號里程碑以東，[[沙田嶺]]以東，喺山脈東端。一九〇一年左近開好大埔道，當時英文叫邊境道。山下原本有白石村仔，遠多少少有[[田心村]]。一九一〇年山下多咗條九廣鐵路。[[第二次世界大戰]]時，呢度屬[[醉酒灣防綫]]，就近有機鎗堡三座，現存竹得機鎗堡三〇六號喺<ref name=":1">{{引網|url=https://www.hkis.org.hk/archive/materials/category/SBE-2025-V34_Issue-2_R15_Final.pdf|title=Access Paths to World War II Pillboxes in Hong Kong|url-status=live}}</ref>。戰後再編大埔道七咪米，卌二號[[里程碑]]嗰度。二十世紀五十年代，沙田嶺大興土木，起咗啲[[酒店]]。而轉角位向東北，有笪平地開咗出來，可以望到[[沙田]]。一九八〇年左近，山下開咗積運街。 約一九八一年開成公園，呈梯形半月，出入口開喺公園兩頭。一九八九年左近，馬路轉角位開山向入移，等呢段路無咁彎，而馬路稍稍遠離公園。約一九九一年，碑前面開咗個方形[[避雨亭]]<ref name=":1" />。因為要起青沙公路，要剷咗個公園，二〇〇三年八月廿五號由公眾遊樂場地剔除<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!en|title=L.N. 204 of 2003|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!zh-Hant-HK|title=法律公告|url-status=live}}</ref>。重新起過後，公園東移，二〇二〇年五月十一號又加返入去<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2020/ln75!en|title=L.N. 2020/75|url-status=live}}</ref>，同沙田嶺路巴士站相鄰。 == 園 == 新公園內有塊里程碑<ref>{{引網|url=https://cityunseen.hk/old-milestones/?lang=zh-hant|title=相約八咪見 {{!}} 系統與基建 {{!}} 香港建解|last=Unseen|first=City|date=2025-04-15|website=City Unseen|language=zh-hant|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，打直寫，上7下<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math>，但唔係原本條碑<ref>{{引網|url=http://www.hhkk.info/RoadMS.php#CPTP02|title=胡思亂想 - 公路里程碑|website=www.hhkk.info|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://gwulo.com/media/44370|title=ms 7.5 Taipo Road reinstated {{!}} Gwulo|website=gwulo.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，[[麻石]]新造，好平滑，無寫編號，寫字方向同原本唔同<ref name=":1" />。另外亦有碑記來歷。 {{Cquote|為配合T3號道路及相關道路工程，位於馬路對面的大埔道七咪半休憩花園於二零零三年關閉，並於二零一零年遷往現址。}}{{Cquote|To facilitate the construction of Road T3 and Associated Roadworks, the 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden located on the opposite side of the road was closed in 2003 and re-located at the current location in year 2010.}} 公園以圓栱亭做中心，西便喺天橋底。西面小徑平路，出就近青沙公路、沙田嶺路巴士站。而南面有小徑，輾轉落去[[積運街]]，離[[大圍火車站]]唔遠<ref name=":0" />。呢條小徑中間有唔少[[梯級]]，呢便輪椅就上落唔到。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} {{coord|display=title|format=dms}} [[Category:大埔道]] [[Category:大圍]] rldpt3465xmdlgcgaf3lnz9t19i90cf 2416300 2416299 2026-06-05T00:38:47Z HenryLi 14 /* 史 */ 修 2416300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:7½_Mile_Stone_Tai_Po_Road_-_Bus_stop_and_rest_garden_-_Mapillary_(268935575200984)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] '''大埔道七咪半休憩花園'''，[[香港]]公眾[[花園]]之一，喺[[大圍]]南便山腰，白石附近，[[沙田嶺]]東端，[[大埔道]]七咪半，近[[沙田嶺路巴士站]]，歸入[[休憩花園]]類別。按香港[[公眾衞生及市政條例]]列入[[公眾遊樂場地]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/checkconfig/checkClientConfig.jsp?applicationId=RA001|title=Hong Kong e-Legislation|website=www.elegislation.gov.hk|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>。佔地約十[[公畝]]<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://open-data.hk/|title=香港地理空間資料集瀏覽器|last=資料集瀏覽器|first=香港 CSDI|website=open-data.hk|language=zh-HK|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，全日任人流連出入。 介乎大埔公路沙田嶺段同大圍段交界附近。個花園重建過，原址喺今日[[青沙公路]]上面<ref name=":0" />，為咗起呢條路而向東移。所以實情唔喺大埔公路側邊。對落山腳有鐵路[[東鐵綫]]，即舊時[[九廣鐵路]]。戰時喺醉酒灣防綫入便。 == 語源 == 大埔道七咪半休憩花園，英文 * 7<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math> M.S. Tai Po Road Rest Garden，舊公園法例寫法。 * 7½ Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園牌寫法。 * 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園法律寫法。 咁出於有塊七咪半里程碑。 == 史 == 公園原本喺舊時大埔道轉角，舊八號里程碑以東，[[沙田嶺]]以東，喺山脈東端。一九〇一年左近開好大埔道，當時英文叫邊境道。山下原本有白石村仔，遠多少少有[[田心村]]。一九一〇年山下多咗條九廣鐵路。[[第二次世界大戰]]時，呢度屬[[醉酒灣防綫]]，就近有機鎗堡三座，現存竹得機鎗堡三〇六號喺<ref name=":1">{{引網|url=https://www.hkis.org.hk/archive/materials/category/SBE-2025-V34_Issue-2_R15_Final.pdf|title=Access Paths to World War II Pillboxes in Hong Kong|url-status=live}}</ref>。戰後再編大埔道七咪米，卌二號[[里程碑]]嗰度。二十世紀五十年代，沙田嶺大興土木，起咗啲[[酒店]]。而轉角位向東北，有笪平地開咗出來，可以望到[[沙田]]。一九八〇年左近，山下開咗積運街。 約一九八一年開成公園，呈梯形半月，出入口開喺公園兩頭。一九八九年左近，馬路轉角位開山向入移，等呢段路無咁彎，而馬路稍稍遠離公園。約一九九一年，碑前面開咗個方形[[避雨亭]]<ref name=":1" />。因為要起青沙公路，要剷咗個公園，二〇〇三年八月廿五號由公眾遊樂場地剔除<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!en|title=L.N. 204 of 2003|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!zh-Hant-HK|title=法律公告|url-status=live}}</ref>。二〇一〇年重新起過後，公園東移，同沙田嶺路巴士站相鄰。二〇二〇年五月十一號又加返入去表度<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2020/ln75!en|title=L.N. 2020/75|url-status=live}}</ref>。 == 園 == 新公園內有塊里程碑<ref>{{引網|url=https://cityunseen.hk/old-milestones/?lang=zh-hant|title=相約八咪見 {{!}} 系統與基建 {{!}} 香港建解|last=Unseen|first=City|date=2025-04-15|website=City Unseen|language=zh-hant|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，打直寫，上7下<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math>，但唔係原本條碑<ref>{{引網|url=http://www.hhkk.info/RoadMS.php#CPTP02|title=胡思亂想 - 公路里程碑|website=www.hhkk.info|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://gwulo.com/media/44370|title=ms 7.5 Taipo Road reinstated {{!}} Gwulo|website=gwulo.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，[[麻石]]新造，好平滑，無寫編號，寫字方向同原本唔同<ref name=":1" />。另外亦有碑記來歷。 {{Cquote|為配合T3號道路及相關道路工程，位於馬路對面的大埔道七咪半休憩花園於二零零三年關閉，並於二零一零年遷往現址。}}{{Cquote|To facilitate the construction of Road T3 and Associated Roadworks, the 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden located on the opposite side of the road was closed in 2003 and re-located at the current location in year 2010.}} 公園以圓栱亭做中心，西便喺天橋底。西面小徑平路，出就近青沙公路、沙田嶺路巴士站。而南面有小徑，輾轉落去[[積運街]]，離[[大圍火車站]]唔遠<ref name=":0" />。呢條小徑中間有唔少[[梯級]]，呢便輪椅就上落唔到。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} {{coord|display=title|format=dms}} [[Category:大埔道]] [[Category:大圍]] nzgavuesj21lap2723ld9lwf7owao4x 2416305 2416300 2026-06-05T00:48:11Z Z423x5c6 42683 /* 參考資料 */ 2416305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:7½_Mile_Stone_Tai_Po_Road_-_Bus_stop_and_rest_garden_-_Mapillary_(268935575200984)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] '''大埔道七咪半休憩花園'''，[[香港]]公眾[[花園]]之一，喺[[大圍]]南便山腰，白石附近，[[沙田嶺]]東端，[[大埔道]]七咪半，近[[沙田嶺路巴士站]]，歸入[[休憩花園]]類別。按香港[[公眾衞生及市政條例]]列入[[公眾遊樂場地]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/checkconfig/checkClientConfig.jsp?applicationId=RA001|title=Hong Kong e-Legislation|website=www.elegislation.gov.hk|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>。佔地約十[[公畝]]<ref name=":0">{{引網|url=https://open-data.hk/|title=香港地理空間資料集瀏覽器|last=資料集瀏覽器|first=香港 CSDI|website=open-data.hk|language=zh-HK|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，全日任人流連出入。 介乎大埔公路沙田嶺段同大圍段交界附近。個花園重建過，原址喺今日[[青沙公路]]上面<ref name=":0" />，為咗起呢條路而向東移。所以實情唔喺大埔公路側邊。對落山腳有鐵路[[東鐵綫]]，即舊時[[九廣鐵路]]。戰時喺醉酒灣防綫入便。 == 語源 == 大埔道七咪半休憩花園，英文 * 7<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math> M.S. Tai Po Road Rest Garden，舊公園法例寫法。 * 7½ Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園牌寫法。 * 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden，新公園法律寫法。 咁出於有塊七咪半里程碑。 == 史 == 公園原本喺舊時大埔道轉角，舊八號里程碑以東，[[沙田嶺]]以東，喺山脈東端。一九〇一年左近開好大埔道，當時英文叫邊境道。山下原本有白石村仔，遠多少少有[[田心村]]。一九一〇年山下多咗條九廣鐵路。[[第二次世界大戰]]時，呢度屬[[醉酒灣防綫]]，就近有機鎗堡三座，現存竹得機鎗堡三〇六號喺<ref name=":1">{{引網|url=https://www.hkis.org.hk/archive/materials/category/SBE-2025-V34_Issue-2_R15_Final.pdf|title=Access Paths to World War II Pillboxes in Hong Kong|url-status=live}}</ref>。戰後再編大埔道七咪米，卌二號[[里程碑]]嗰度。二十世紀五十年代，沙田嶺大興土木，起咗啲[[酒店]]。而轉角位向東北，有笪平地開咗出來，可以望到[[沙田]]。一九八〇年左近，山下開咗積運街。 約一九八一年開成公園，呈梯形半月，出入口開喺公園兩頭。一九八九年左近，馬路轉角位開山向入移，等呢段路無咁彎，而馬路稍稍遠離公園。約一九九一年，碑前面開咗個方形[[避雨亭]]<ref name=":1" />。因為要起青沙公路，要剷咗個公園，二〇〇三年八月廿五號由公眾遊樂場地剔除<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!en|title=L.N. 204 of 2003|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2003/ln204!zh-Hant-HK|title=法律公告|url-status=live}}</ref>。二〇一〇年重新起過後，公園東移，同沙田嶺路巴士站相鄰。二〇二〇年五月十一號又加返入去表度<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/2020/ln75!en|title=L.N. 2020/75|url-status=live}}</ref>。 == 園 == 新公園內有塊里程碑<ref>{{引網|url=https://cityunseen.hk/old-milestones/?lang=zh-hant|title=相約八咪見 {{!}} 系統與基建 {{!}} 香港建解|last=Unseen|first=City|date=2025-04-15|website=City Unseen|language=zh-hant|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，打直寫，上7下<math display="inline">\frac{1}{2}</math>，但唔係原本條碑<ref>{{引網|url=http://www.hhkk.info/RoadMS.php#CPTP02|title=胡思亂想 - 公路里程碑|website=www.hhkk.info|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{引網|url=https://gwulo.com/media/44370|title=ms 7.5 Taipo Road reinstated {{!}} Gwulo|website=gwulo.com|access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref>，[[麻石]]新造，好平滑，無寫編號，寫字方向同原本唔同<ref name=":1" />。另外亦有碑記來歷。 {{Cquote|為配合T3號道路及相關道路工程，位於馬路對面的大埔道七咪半休憩花園於二零零三年關閉，並於二零一零年遷往現址。}}{{Cquote|To facilitate the construction of Road T3 and Associated Roadworks, the 7 1/2 Mile Stone Tai Po Road Rest Garden located on the opposite side of the road was closed in 2003 and re-located at the current location in year 2010.}} 公園以圓栱亭做中心，西便喺天橋底。西面小徑平路，出就近青沙公路、沙田嶺路巴士站。而南面有小徑，輾轉落去[[積運街]]，離[[大圍火車站]]唔遠<ref name=":0" />。呢條小徑中間有唔少[[梯級]]，呢便輪椅就上落唔到。 == 參考資料 == {{reflist}} {{coord|display=title|format=dms}} [[Category:大埔道]] [[Category:大圍]] q4s09k6n2dw4cqspqs0965z1flqaq0s 0 370352 2416301 2026-06-05T00:39:52Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416301 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] 047xn181bqx8ab2e23f2qs8kvd8z5zp 0 370353 2416302 2026-06-05T00:40:28Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416302 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] 047xn181bqx8ab2e23f2qs8kvd8z5zp 0 370354 2416303 2026-06-05T00:41:11Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416303 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] 047xn181bqx8ab2e23f2qs8kvd8z5zp 0 370355 2416304 2026-06-05T00:41:44Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416304 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[大埔道七咪半休憩花園]] 047xn181bqx8ab2e23f2qs8kvd8z5zp 0 370356 2416342 2026-06-05T01:53:55Z 特克斯特 120591 開咗新版「{{Infobox musical artist | name = Lauren Spencer Smith | image = Lauren Spencer Smith 2023.png | caption = Spencer-Smith（2023年） | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|09|28}} | birth_place = 英格蘭[[樸茨茅夫]]<ref name="Musicweek">{{cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/lauren-spencer-smith-goes-top-5-with-diy-independent-single-fingers-crossed/084974|title=Lauren Spencer-Smith goes Top 5 with DIY...」 2416342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Lauren Spencer Smith | image = Lauren Spencer Smith 2023.png | caption = Spencer-Smith（2023年） | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|09|28}} | birth_place = 英格蘭[[樸茨茅夫]]<ref name="Musicweek">{{cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/lauren-spencer-smith-goes-top-5-with-diy-independent-single-fingers-crossed/084974|title=Lauren Spencer-Smith goes Top 5 with DIY independent single Fingers Crossed|work=[[Music Week]]|date=January 16, 2022|access-date=January 16, 2022}}</ref> | occupation = 唱作人 | years_active = 2019–依家 | website = {{url|laurenspencersmith.com}} | genre = [[Pop music|流行]] | instruments = {{flatlist| * 人聲 * 結他 }} | label = {{flatlist| * Three Name * [[Island Records|Island]] * [[Republic Records|Republic]] }} }} '''Lauren Spencer Smith'''（{{bd|2003年|9月28號|}}），係加拿大唱作人<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=May 5, 2020|title=Nanaimo's Lauren Spencer-Smith looks back on 'American Idol' experience|url=https://www.nanaimobulletin.com/entertainment/nanaimos-lauren-spencer-smith-looks-back-on-american-idol-experience/|access-date=January 25, 2022|website=Nanaimo News Bulletin|language=en-US}}</ref>。 ==參考資料== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== * {{Official website|www.laurenspencersmith.com}} [[Category:加拿大女歌手]] [[Category:加拿大唱作人]] fg17tqoy0v3xyx9vonejd2b499otb7t 0 370357 2416347 2026-06-05T01:59:45Z 特克斯特 120591 開咗新版「{{藝人 | 姓名 = 錘娜麗莎 | 類型 = 女演員 | 本名 = 嵇嘉禾 | 英文名 = Jiahe Ji | 國籍 = {{PRC}} | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 出生地點 = {{CHN}}[[江蘇]][[鹽城]] | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1996|11|19}} | 母校 = [[南京師範大學]]音樂學院聲樂系<ref>{{Cite web |title=以特長生進重點高中被質疑走捷徑，25歲的錘娜麗莎，經歷了什麼 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/GRE8O1EU0552KG1C.html|website=www.163.com...」 2416347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = 錘娜麗莎 | 類型 = 女演員 | 本名 = 嵇嘉禾 | 英文名 = Jiahe Ji | 國籍 = {{PRC}} | 民族 = [[漢族]] | 出生地點 = {{CHN}}[[江蘇]][[鹽城]] | 出生日期 = {{birth_date_and_age|1996|11|19}} | 母校 = [[南京師範大學]]音樂學院聲樂系<ref>{{Cite web |title=以特長生進重點高中被質疑走捷徑，25歲的錘娜麗莎，經歷了什麼 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/GRE8O1EU0552KG1C.html|website=www.163.com |date=2021-12-17 |last=網易 |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref> | 代表作 = 蒙娜麗莎是野獸、認真的嘎嘎們、百變大咖秀第六季、珍饈記 | 職業 = 歌手、演員、短影音創作者 | 經紀公司 = 匠星娛樂 | IMDb = 13709148 }} '''錘娜麗莎'''（{{Langx|en|'''Trina Lisa'''}}；{{Bd|1996年|11月19號}}），係中國大陸女歌手同演員。 ==參考資料== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{douban people|35352400}} [[Category:嵇氏]] [[Category:中國女歌手]] [[Category:中國電視女演員]] [[Category:中國電影女演員]] [[Category:江蘇人]] a354a42cy2x8wsl6hde84dssuwpyllc 0 370358 2416351 2026-06-05T02:09:20Z 特克斯特 120591 開咗新版「{{藝人 | 姓名 = Jony J | 類型 = 男歌手 | 本名 = 肖佳 | 羅馬拼音 = Xiao Jia | 英文名 = Jony J | 暱稱 = 豆芽，思修老師，Jony M | 國籍 = {{PRC}} | 民族 = [[漢族|漢族]] | 出生日期 = {{Birth date and age|1989|12|28}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN}}[[福建]][[福州]] | 居住地 = {{CHN}}[[江蘇]][[南京]] | 職業 = 歌手、作詞人、作曲人 | 語言 = 普通話 | 兒女 = 一女<ref>{{cite news |editor=馬文靜 |title=說唱歌手Jo...」 2416351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{藝人 | 姓名 = Jony J | 類型 = 男歌手 | 本名 = 肖佳 | 羅馬拼音 = Xiao Jia | 英文名 = Jony J | 暱稱 = 豆芽，思修老師，Jony M | 國籍 = {{PRC}} | 民族 = [[漢族|漢族]] | 出生日期 = {{Birth date and age|1989|12|28}} | 出生地點 = {{CHN}}[[福建]][[福州]] | 居住地 = {{CHN}}[[江蘇]][[南京]] | 職業 = 歌手、作詞人、作曲人 | 語言 = 普通話 | 兒女 = 一女<ref>{{cite news |editor=馬文靜 |title=說唱歌手Jony-J官宣當爸 曬女兒正臉超可愛 |url=http://ent.163.com/20/0229/13/F6I9GH2T00038FO9.html |accessdate=2020-03-18 |work=網易娛樂 |publisher=網易 |date=2020-02-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318045009/http://ent.163.com/20/0229/13/F6I9GH2T00038FO9.html |archive-date=2020-03-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 母校 = [[南京視覺藝術職業學院|南京視覺藝術職業學院]] | 音樂類型 = [[嘻哈音樂|嘻哈]] | 活躍年代 = 2013年至依家 | 唱片公司 = Shooc Studio | 經紀公司 = Shooc Studio }} '''Jony J'''（{{bd|1989年|12月28號}}），係中國大陸男歌手。 ==簡歷== 2013年，發行個人首張混音帶《J Hood》正式進入演藝圈，並憑住《My City 南京》受到關注<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.51555.net/home/html/news/files/2017/0411/20661.html|title=Jony J：一個帥在骨子裡的Rapper - 嘻哈之城|accessdate=2017-09-13|work=www.51555.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135231/http://www.51555.net/home/html/news/files/2017/0411/20661.html|archive-date=2017-09-13|url-status=live}}</ref>。 ==音樂作品== ===專輯=== {| class="wikitable" !名 !發行日期 !唱片公司 !曲目 |- |《物女金》 |2016年12月28號 |Shooc Studio |{{hidden|| #Intro #OK #慢慢來（feat. 滿舒克） #So.Far.So.Good #玩遊戲 #套路（feat. [[GAI]]） #Skit（feat. Cola） #我的快樂很便宜（feat. Cola） #Fantasy（feat. 劉昱妤） #物女金 #玩家}} |- |《喜新戀舊》 |2018年11月27號 |Shooc Studio |{{hidden|| #迷宮Intro #28 #連鎖反應 #How To Lie #喜新戀舊 #My Man #子彈口水 #嘍囉 #信仰 #泛濫 #迷宮Outro}} |- |《24時·Am》 |2021年10月12號 |Shooc Studio |{{hidden|| #歡迎光臨 #請勿打擾 #周潤發 #還可以 #暗巷 #夢寐以求 #沒你也能活下去 #忘了沒 #群居動物 #盆栽 #包圍 #山腳}} |- |《24時·Pm》 |2023年12月27號 |Shooc Studio |{{hidden|| #無人夜 #浩瀚星河 #都是我 #上癮 #蠢問題 - Interlude #航班 #無字天書 #屏幕上 #峭壁 #I'm So Lucky #就現在 #致 - Outro}} |} ==參考資料== {{Reflist}} [[Category:肖氏]] [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:福建人]] k52eyngrgftncsjly8plw81qrqwm1b5 0 370359 2416374 2026-06-05T02:32:26Z 291292Qe 331011 開咗新版「'''TWSA'''可以係： * [[台灣學生會]]（Taiwanese Student Association） * [[全港性系統評估]]（Territory-wide System Assessment） {{搞清楚}}」 2416374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''TWSA'''可以係： * [[台灣學生會]]（Taiwanese Student Association） * [[全港性系統評估]]（Territory-wide System Assessment） {{搞清楚}} 5b4hyd7apeabjliahzzn1d9lgl7hody 0 370360 2416376 2026-06-05T02:33:03Z 291292Qe 331011 跳轉到[[TWSA]] 2416376 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[TWSA]] kis09imljq2mla31kiseqc5s8xntdeu 0 370361 2416377 2026-06-05T02:33:23Z 特克斯特 120591 開咗新版「'''董岩磊'''（{{bd|1996年|9月20號|}}），係中國大陸男歌手同演員。2026年，為[[湖南衛視]]《[[歌手2026]]》[[尤長靖]]嘅音樂合夥人<ref>{{cite web |author1=鍾鴻冰 |title=《歌手2026》開啟試聽會 |url=https://www.hkcd.com.hk/hkcdweb/content/2026/05/22/content_8756177.html |publisher=香港商報網 |access-date=2026-06-05 |date=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 ==影視作品== ===電視劇=== *《有座香粉宅》 *《我有特殊溝通技...」 2416377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''董岩磊'''（{{bd|1996年|9月20號|}}），係中國大陸男歌手同演員。2026年，為[[湖南衛視]]《[[歌手2026]]》[[尤長靖]]嘅音樂合夥人<ref>{{cite web |author1=鍾鴻冰 |title=《歌手2026》開啟試聽會 |url=https://www.hkcd.com.hk/hkcdweb/content/2026/05/22/content_8756177.html |publisher=香港商報網 |access-date=2026-06-05 |date=2026-05-22}}</ref>。 ==影視作品== ===電視劇=== *《有座香粉宅》 *《我有特殊溝通技巧》 *《風暴舞》 ==參考資料== {{Reflist}} ==出面網頁== *{{weibo|3162919750}} [[Category:中國男歌手]] [[Category:中國男演員]] [[Category:董氏]] ckbcpevkfkbc0tziqp0o4825t68i5vb 0 370362 2416389 2026-06-05T02:50:40Z 291292Qe 331011 開咗新版「'''AAT'''可以係： * [[香港學業能力測驗]]（Hong Kong Academic Aptitude Test） * [[亞洲空運中心]]（Asia Airfreight Terminal） {{搞清楚}}」 2416389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AAT'''可以係： * [[香港學業能力測驗]]（Hong Kong Academic Aptitude Test） * [[亞洲空運中心]]（Asia Airfreight Terminal） {{搞清楚}} tspbvik53pcw8mft0mp9d6aa34zo6lz 2416391 2416389 2026-06-05T02:58:16Z 291292Qe 331011 2416391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AAT'''可以係： * [[阿勒泰雪都機場]]（[[IATA代碼]]：AAT） * [[香港學業能力測驗]]（Hong Kong Academic Aptitude Test） * [[亞洲空運中心]]（Asia Airfreight Terminal） {{搞清楚}} 926xifhvnvm2izdcqi5rmbkge5kzqxo 0 370363 2416390 2026-06-05T02:53:32Z 291292Qe 331011 跳轉到[[AAT]] 2416390 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[AAT]] la0w7dsa8u79vg7kmwvxn9kfbl489ww 0 370364 2416397 2026-06-05T03:14:55Z 291292Qe 331011 開咗新版「'''ICT'''可以係： *[[資訊通訊科技]]（Information and Communication Technology） *[[國際聲援西藏運動]]（International Campaign for Tibet) {{搞清楚}}」 2416397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICT'''可以係： *[[資訊通訊科技]]（Information and Communication Technology） *[[國際聲援西藏運動]]（International Campaign for Tibet) {{搞清楚}} 500hol1ggt40zw2stqabo2taqlyvs61 2416399 2416397 2026-06-05T03:15:58Z 291292Qe 331011 2416399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICT'''可以係： *[[資訊及通訊科技]]（Information and Communication Technology） *[[國際聲援西藏運動]]（International Campaign for Tibet) {{搞清楚}} cdlaoew5rjr74qpk63e9ht0vn3vkze7 2416405 2416399 2026-06-05T03:20:21Z 291292Qe 331011 2416405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICT'''可以係： *[[UTC+7|印度支那時間]]（Indochina Time） *[[資訊及通訊科技]]（Information and Communication Technology） *[[國際聲援西藏運動]]（International Campaign for Tibet) {{搞清楚}} hufwedn1na397ke8ojaudte586b1ayc 0 370365 2416401 2026-06-05T03:17:14Z 291292Qe 331011 跳轉到[[ICT]] 2416401 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ICT]] 23pk69s0z87ct00k50cmha8um41vntd 0 370366 2416406 2026-06-05T03:23:20Z HenryLi 14 開 2416406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aberdeen_Boulder's_Corner_Rest_Garden_05.jpg|thumb|香港仔大石角休憩花園]] '''香港仔大石角休憩花園'''，[[香港]][[休憩花園]]，喺[[香港仔]][[大石角]]，[[香港仔大道]]'''北面'''，貼住[[達和大廈]]，佔地三公畝。原本喺海邊[[石排灣]]，[[填海]]而遠離海面。佢上面確有幾嚿大石。而傍邊有路上[[蒲窩青少年中心]]。下面路邊有廟仔。山上有幾檯椅。上去就梯級好多<ref>{{引網|url=http://pof.org.hk/accessibility-search-detail.php?id=10131|title=堅毅忍者 障殘人士國際互助協會 {{!}} People of fortitude Intermation Mutual-aid Association for the Disabled|website=pof.org.hk|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>。蒲窩青少年中心會址，喺正舊時[[香港仔差館]]。 == 語源 == 香港仔大石角休憩花園，英文Aberdeen Boulder's Corner Rest Garden。原本係海邊一角。 == 史 == 原本喺海邊幾嚿石，形成入海轉角。香港[[開埠]]，好快北面灘頭有聚居，叫石排灣。一九八四年十月八號，市政局法定為[[公眾遊樂場地]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/1984/ln359!en|title=LN359/84|url-status=live}}</ref>。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} {{coord|display=title|format=dms}} [[Category:香港仔]] 03soxgwcu5t6eq6xu1bpm7gii3e7383 2416409 2416406 2026-06-05T03:28:25Z HenryLi 14 補相 2416409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aberdeen_Boulder's_Corner_Rest_Garden_05.jpg|thumb|香港仔大石角休憩花園]] [[File:Aberdeen_Boulder's_Corner_Rest_Garden_04.jpg|thumb|榕騎石]] [[File:Aberdeen_Boulder's_Corner_Rest_Garden_08.jpg|thumb|捉棋檯凳]] [[File:Aberdeen_Boulder's_Corner_Rest_Garden_01.jpg|thumb|級級上]] '''香港仔大石角休憩花園'''，[[香港]][[休憩花園]]，喺[[香港仔]][[大石角]]，[[香港仔大道]]'''北面'''，貼住[[達和大廈]]，佔地三公畝。原本喺海邊[[石排灣]]，[[填海]]而遠離海面。佢上面確有幾嚿大石。而傍邊有路上[[蒲窩青少年中心]]。下面路邊有廟仔。山上有幾檯椅。上去就梯級好多<ref>{{引網|url=http://pof.org.hk/accessibility-search-detail.php?id=10131|title=堅毅忍者 障殘人士國際互助協會 {{!}} People of fortitude Intermation Mutual-aid Association for the Disabled|website=pof.org.hk|language=zh-Hant|access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>。蒲窩青少年中心會址，喺正舊時[[香港仔差館]]。 == 語源 == 香港仔大石角休憩花園，英文Aberdeen Boulder's Corner Rest Garden。原本係海邊一角。 == 史 == 原本喺海邊幾嚿石，形成入海轉角。香港[[開埠]]，好快北面灘頭有聚居，叫石排灣。一九八四年十月八號，市政局法定為[[公眾遊樂場地]]<ref>{{引網|url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/1984/ln359!en|title=LN359/84|url-status=live}}</ref>。 == 攷 == {{reflist}} {{coord|display=title|format=dms}} [[Category:香港仔]] 3gbcx7y4r8ztm34jwqixbykfgm3iws5 0 370367 2416410 2026-06-05T03:29:00Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416410 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[香港仔大石角休憩花園]] r7cb5brma2ma2sdlw7vfg6v9h56yv4m 0 370368 2416513 2026-06-05T11:19:05Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416513 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[香港仔大道]] ql82xf61b9kifp8536l472uyfwn87s5 0 370369 2416514 2026-06-05T11:28:21Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416514 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[自僱]] 60y2ilshoxwgrecdfhgh3lxzcbm3pyj 0 370370 2416515 2026-06-05T11:28:54Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416515 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[紫色散文]] kapnmokxw7bavgvkx208z2xajw5bdqe 0 370371 2416517 2026-06-05T11:49:37Z HenryLi 14 跳 2416517 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[香港仔水塘道]] puj3cxhslrscji745x79f2q76s7l4yd