Wiktionary zhwiktionary https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Thesaurus Thesaurus talk Citations Citations talk Reconstruction Reconstruction talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1679 9800609 9305451 2026-05-30T07:30:40Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800609 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=动词}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=dòngcí |c=dung6 ci4 |mn=tw,xm,zz:tōng-sû/qz:tǒng-sîr |h=pfs=thûng-chhṳ̀;hrs=h:tungˋ cii |px=pt,xy:dorng5 *so2 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|part of speech}} 表示某個人、某種事物的[[動作]]、[[變化]]的[[詞]]。動詞搭配[[賓語]]。 #: {{zh-x|@be 動詞|}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|動名詞|及物動詞|不及物動詞|助動詞|外動詞|他動詞|意謂動詞|內動詞|同動詞|致使動詞|情態動詞|不規則動詞|規則動詞|形容動詞|使役動詞|短語動詞}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||j=動%詞|どう%し|동사|động từ}} '''其他'''： * {{desc|za|dungswz|bor=1}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|詞類}} * 南非语：{{t+|af|werkwoord}} * 阿尔巴尼亚语：{{t+|sq|folje|f}} * 阿姆哈拉语：{{t+|am|ግሥ}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t+|ar|فِعْل|m}} *: 埃及阿拉伯语：{{t|arz|فعل|m|tr=feʿl}} * 阿拉贡语：{{t+|an|berbo}} * 亚拉姆语： *: 希伯来文：{{t|arc|מלתא|f|tr=miltā’}} *: 敘利亞文：{{t|arc|ܡܠܬܐ|f|tr=miltā’}} * 亚美尼亚语：{{t+|hy|բայ}} * 阿萨姆语：{{t|as|ক্ৰিয়া}} * 阿斯图里亚斯语：{{t+|ast|verbu}} * 艾马拉语：{{t|ay|parliri}} * 阿塞拜疆语：{{t|az|fe'l}}、{{t|az|feil}} * 巴什基尔语：{{t|ba|ҡылым}} * 巴斯克语：{{t|eu|aditz}} * 白俄罗斯语：{{t|be|дзеясло́ў|m}} * 孟加拉语：{{t|bn|ক্রিয়াপদ}}、{{t+|bn|ক্রিয়া}} * 中比科尔语：{{t|bcl|panhiro}} * 布列塔尼语：{{t+|br|verb}} * 保加利亚语：{{t+|bg|глаго́л|m}} * 缅甸语：{{t+|my|ကြိယာ}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t+|ca|verb}} * 车臣语：{{t|ce|хандош}} * 楚瓦什语：{{t|cv|глагол}} * 克里米亚鞑靼语：{{t|crh|fiil}} * 捷克语：{{t+|cs|sloveso|n}} * 丹麦语：{{t+|da|udsagnsord|n}}、{{t+|da|verbum|n}} * 迪维希语：{{t|dv|ކއަނ}} * 荷兰语：{{t+|nl|werkwoord|n}} * 英語：{{t+|en|verb}} * 厄尔兹亚语：{{t|myv|теввал}}、{{t|myv|теемавал}} * 世界语：{{t+|eo|verbo}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t+|et|tegusõna}}、{{t|et|pöördsõna}}、{{t+|et|verb}} * 埃维语：{{t|ee|dɔwɔnya}} * 法罗语：{{t+|fo|sagnorð|n}} * 芬兰语：{{t+|fi|verbi}}、{{t+|fi|teonsana}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|verbe|m}} * 加利西亚语：{{t+|gl|verbo|m}} * 格鲁吉亚语：{{t+|ka|ზმნა}} * 德语：{{t+|de|Verb|n}}、{{t+|de|Verbum|n}}、{{t+|de|Zeitwort|n}}、{{t+|de|Tätigkeitswort|n}}、{{t|de|Wandelwort|n}}、{{t+|de|Tuwort|n}}/{{t+|de|Tunwort|n}}、{{t+|de|Aussagewort}} *: 中古高地德语：{{t|gmh|wort}} *: 中古高地德语 / 早期現代高地德语：{{t|gmh|wort}} *: 古高地德语：{{t|goh|wort}} * 希腊语：{{t+|el|ρήμα|n}} *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|ῥῆμα|n}} * 格陵兰语：{{t|kl|oqaluut}} * 古吉拉特语：{{t|gu|ક્રિયાપદ}} * 豪萨语：{{t|ha|fi'ili}} * 夏威夷语：{{t|haw|haʻina}} * 希伯来语：{{t+|he|פועל|tr=pô'al|alt=פועל / פֹּעַל}} * 印地语：{{t+|hi|क्रिया|f}} * 匈牙利语：{{t+|hu|ige}} * 冰岛语：{{t+|is|sagnorð|n}}、{{t+|is|sögn|f}} * 伊多语：{{t+|io|verbo}} * 伊博语：{{t|ig|ngwaa}} * 印尼语：{{t+|id|kata kerja}}、{{t+|id|verba}} * 因特语：{{t+|ia|verbo}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t+|ga|briathar|m}} * 意大利语：{{t+|it|verbo|m}} * 日语：{{t+|ja|動詞|tr=どうし, dōshi}} * 爪哇语：{{t|jv|kriyo}} * 卡尔梅克卫拉特语：{{t|xal|үүлдәгч}} * 卡纳达语：{{t+|kn|ಕ್ರಿಯಾಪದ}} * 卡片片甘语：{{t|pam|pangdiwa}} * 克什米爾語：{{t|ks|کرٛاوُت|tr=krāvut}} * 卡舒比语：{{t|csb|czasnik|m}} * 哈萨克语：{{t+|kk|етістік}} * 高棉语：{{t|km|កិរិយាស័ព្ទ}}、{{t+|km|កិរិយា}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|동사(動詞)}} * 库尔德语： *: 中库尔德语：{{t+|ckb|کردار}} *: 北库尔德语：{{t+|kmr|lêker}} * 吉尔吉斯语：{{t+|ky|этиш}} * 老挝语：{{t+|lo|ຄຳກຳມະ}}、{{t|lo|ກິລິຍາ}} * 拉丁语：{{t+|la|verbum|n}}、{{t|la|verbum temporale|n}} * 拉脱维亚语：{{t|lv|darbības vārds|m}}、{{t|lv|verbs|m}}、{{t|lv|norisenis|m}} {{qualifier|过时}} * 利古里亚语：{{t|lij|vèrbo|m}} * 林堡语：{{t+|li|wèrkwaord|n}}、{{t|li|vèrb|n}} * 林加拉语：{{t|ln|likelelo}} * 立陶宛语：{{t+|lt|veiksmažodis|m}} * 低地德语： *: 德國低地德语：{{t|nds-de|Doonwoard}}、{{t+|nds-de|Verb}} * 马其顿语：{{t|mk|гла́гол|m}} * 马来语：{{t+|ms|kata kerja}} * 马拉雅拉姆语：{{t+|ml|ക്രിയ}} * 马耳他语：{{t+|mt|verb}} * 马拉地语：{{t|mr|क्रियापद}} * 中古英语：{{t|enm|verbe}} * 米兰德斯语：{{t|mwl|berbo|m}} * 蒙古语：{{t+|mn|үйл үг}} * 纳瓦霍语：{{t|nv|áhátʼíinii}} * 尼泊尔语：{{t+|ne|क्रिया}} * 尼瓦爾語：{{t|new|यासु}} * 诺曼语：{{t|nrf|vèrbe|m}} {{qualifier|澤西}} * 北萨米语：{{t|se|vearba}} * 挪威语：{{t+|no|verb}} *: 新挪威语：{{t+|nn|verb}} * 奥克语：{{t+|oc|vèrb|m}} * 奥吉布瓦语：{{t|oj|doodamowi-ikidowin}} * 古英语：{{t+|ang|word|n}} * 普什图语：{{t+|ps|فعل|m|tr=fe'l}} * 波斯语：{{t+|fa|فعل|tr=fe'l}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|czasownik|m-in}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t+|pt|verbo|m}} * 克丘亚语：{{t|qu|ruray rimana}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t+|ro|verb|n}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|глаго́л|m}} * 萨莫吉提亚语：{{t|sgs|veikruodis}} * 梵语：{{t+|sa|क्रिया|f}}、{{t+|sa|क्रियापद|n}} * 低地苏格兰语：{{t|sco|verb}} * 苏格兰盖尔语：{{t|gd|gnìomhair}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|sh|глагол|m}} *: 罗马字母：{{t+|sh|glagol|m}} * 西西里语：{{t+|scn|verbu|m}} * 僧伽罗语：{{t|si|ක්රියා පද}}、{{t|si|ක්රියාව}} * 斯洛伐克语：{{t+|sk|sloveso|n}} * 斯洛文尼亚语：{{t+|sl|glagol|m}} * 索马里语：{{t|so|fal}} * 索布语： *: 下索布语：{{t|dsb|werb|m}} *: 上索布语：{{t|hsb|werb|m}}、{{t|hsb|słowjeso|n}} * 南萨米语：{{t|sma|darjomebaakoe}}、{{t|sma|veerbe}} * 西班牙语：{{t+|es|verbo|m}} * 巽他语：{{t|su|kecap pagawean}} * 斯瓦希里语：{{t+|sw|kitenzi}} * 瑞典语：{{t+|sv|verb|n}} * 他加禄语：{{t+|tl|pandiwa}} * 塔吉克语：{{t+|tg|феъл}} * 泰米尔语：{{t+|ta|வினைச்சொல்}} * 鞑靼语：{{t+|tt|фигыль}} * 泰卢固语：{{t+|te|క్రియ}} * 泰语：{{t+|th|คำกริยา}}、{{t+|th|กริยา}} * 提格里尼亚语：{{t|ti|ግሲ}} * 土耳其语：{{t+|tr|fiil}}、{{t+|tr|eylem}} * 土库曼语：{{t+|tk|işlik}} * 乌克兰语：{{t+|uk|дієсло́во|n}} * 乌尔都语：{{t|ur|فعل|m|tr=fe'l}} * 维吾尔语：{{t|ug|پېئىل}} * 乌兹别克语：{{t+|uz|fe'l}} * 越南语：{{t+|vi|động từ}} ({{t|vi|verb}}) * 沃拉普克语：{{t+|vo|värb}} * 瓦隆语：{{t+|wa|viebe|m}} * 威尔士语：{{t+|cy|berf|f}} * 西弗里斯兰语：{{t+|fy|tiidwurd|n}} * 意第绪语：{{t+|yi|ווערב|m}}、{{t|yi|צײַטוואָרט|n}} * 约鲁巴语：{{t|yo|ọ̀rọ̀-ìṣe}} * 扎扎其语：{{t+|zza|fiil}}、{{t+|zza|kar}} * 壮语：{{t|za|dungswz}} * 祖鲁语：{{t+|zu|isenzo|c7|c8}} {{trans-bottom}} ====參見==== * [[:Category:動詞]] ==日語== {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} {{ja-kanjitab|どう|し|yomi=goon,kanon|clearright=y}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|どうし|acc=h|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|どうし}} # {{lb|ja|part of speech|sort=とうし'}} [[#漢語|動詞]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|自%動%詞|じ%どう%し}}：不及物動詞 * {{ja-r|他%動%詞|た%どう%し}}：及物動詞 * {{ja-r|定%動%詞|てい%どう%し}}：具體動詞 * {{ja-r|形容 動%詞|けいよう どう%し}} * {{ja-r|使%役動%詞|し%えきどう%し}} ===參見=== * {{ja-r|二%重%目的%語|に%じゅう%もくてき%ご}}：雙賓語 * {{ja-r|[[二%重%目的%語]][[を]][[取る]]動詞|に%じゅう%もくてき%ご を とる どうし}}：雙及物動詞 * {{ja-r|述%語|じゅつ%ご}}：[[表語]] ===來源=== <references/> {{topic|ja|動詞|sort=とうし'}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|rv=dongsa|hangeul=동사}} # {{hanja form of|동사|}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|động từ|}} 3v5smuv1iksahwlw9wm36zxh7vvq39t 4 1718 9800554 9799994 2026-05-30T04:59:35Z TongcyBot 83009 機器人：更新每日統計數據 (2026-05-30) 9800554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Interwiki}} {{shortcut|WT:STAT}} ==基本資料== {| class="wikitable" ! 項目 !! 資料 |- ! MediaWiki版本 | {{CURRENTVERSION}} |- ! 詞條數量 | [[Special:Statistics|'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] |- ! 總頁面數 | {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} |- ! 已編碼的語言數量 | {{#invoke:list of languages|count}} |- ! 檔案數量 | {{NUMBEROFFILES}} |- ! 註冊用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} |- ! 活躍用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} |- ! 管理員數量 | {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} |- ! 全站頁面編輯次數 | {{NUMBEROFEDITS}} |} 其他資料請參考[[Special:Statistics]]。 ==頁面== 本表是中文维基詞典詞條数依日期到達的里程碑，以每一万个词条为单位计数。<!-- 以下內容已不再更新 * 近期統計圖表（區分機器人與一般用戶，選擇zhwiktionary_p，每日自動更新）：[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0001.php 編輯次數]{{·}}[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0002.php 新增詞條數量]--> * 目前的詞條數：'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''（{{重新整理|更新}}）。 {{Milestone}} ==与相邻语言版本的比较== 中文维基词典词条收录量为'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''，在所有语言版本的詞典中[[meta:Wiktionary#List of Wiktionaries|'''位列第4''']]。 {{autoStat | 2026-05-01 | fr | mg | zh | th | el | 6910311 | 5911338 | 2317075 | 2180613 | 1578407 | 6910465 | 5911778 | 2317733 | 2180625 | 1578438 | 6910902 | 5911947 | 2318306 | 2180659 | 1578642 | 6911431 | 5912087 | 2318644 | 2180659 | 1578727 | 6911789 | 5912618 | 2319200 | 2180693 | 1578858 | 6912182 | 5912774 | 2319756 | 2180695 | 1578878 | 6912997 | 5913101 | 2320558 | 2180707 | 1578945 | 6913587 | 5914311 | 2321341 | 2180732 | 1578967 | 6914008 | 5914542 | 2321908 | 2180738 | 1578993 | 6914917 | 5914730 | 2322662 | 2180747 | 1579019 | 6915864 | 5914994 | 2323162 | 2180753 | 1579114 | 6916634 | 5915340 | 2323608 | 2180766 | 1579178 | 6916940 | 5916674 | 2323976 | 2180768 | 1579265 | 6917350 | 5917831 | 2324585 | 2180776 | 1579287 | 6917821 | 5918823 | 2325063 | 2180778 | 1579331 | 6918489 | 5920727 | 2325493 | 2180780 | 1579363 | 6919012 | 5922295 | 2325985 | 2180790 | 1579553 | 6920483 | 5922806 | 2326264 | 2180793 | 1579602 | 6921440 | 5923377 | 2326763 | 2180798 | 1579709 | 6922423 | 5924318 | 2327241 | 2180916 | 1579751 | 6922956 | 5924613 | 2327841 | 2180952 | 1579964 | 6923347 | 5924733 | 2328465 | 2180971 | 1580103 | 6923718 | 5925570 | 2329055 | 2180972 | 1580118 | 6924312 | 5926161 | 2329450 | 2180972 | 1580323 | 6925410 | 5927039 | 2329816 | 2180972 | 1580456 | 6926077 | 5927481 | 2330090 | 2180977 | 1580660 | 6926795 | 5928243 | 2330431 | 2180992 | 1580789 | 6927423 | 5928675 | 2330944 | 2180994 | 1580797 | 6928026 | 5928891 | 2331273 | 2181000 | 1580825 | 6928659 | 5929560 | 2331816 | 2181048 | 1580857 | 6929615 | 5930166 | 2332203 | 2181049 | 1580902 }} * 来源：[https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/display.php?t=wt Wikistats] 统计的具体时间为当日1时（UTC）左右，近似表示前一天的数据 * 关于里程碑，参见[[Wiktionary:宣告]] ==页面访问统计== 历史数据参见：[[Wiktionary:统计/存档]] ===总页面浏览量=== {{Collapse2|header=最近一年中文維基詞典的存取量|float=right |{{Graph:PageViews| 365 | _ |scale=sqrt}} }} {{Collapse2|header=自2016年起中文維基詞典總頁面瀏覽量（時間單位：月）|float=right |{{Graph:Chart | width = 800 | height = 300 | xAxisTitle = 時間 | yAxisTitle = 瀏覽量（次） | x = 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}} }} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ! 日期 !! 浏览量 |- | 2026-04-01 || 63,309,024 |- | 2026-03-01 || 38,336,237 |- | 2026-02-01 || 26,315,414 |- | 2026-01-01 || 50,138,160 |- | 2025-12-01 || 43,219,295 |- | 2025-11-01 || 65,887,852 |- | 2025-10-01 || 52,390,983 |- | 2025-09-01 || 37,231,311 |- | 2025-08-01 || 28,042,128 |- | 2025-07-01 || 39,017,796 |- | 2025-06-01 || 55,198,883 |- | 2025-05-01 || 45,361,042 |- | 2025-04-01 || 27,105,782 |- | 2025-03-01 || 32,703,811 |- | 2025-02-01 || 36,402,985 |- | 2025-01-01 || 35,256,147 |- | 2024-12-01 || 38,114,834 |- | 2024-11-01 || 60,141,744 |- | 2024-10-01 || 30,934,003 |- | 2024-09-01 || 42,154,325 |- | 2024-08-01 || 43,524,978 |- | 2024-07-01 || 24,446,253 |- | 2024-06-01 || 26,251,290 |- | 2024-05-01 || 31,844,500 |- | 2024-04-01 || 31,891,299 |- | 2024-03-01 || 31,116,352 |- | 2024-02-01 || 29,476,088 |- | 2024-01-01 || 23,027,727 |- | 2023-12-01 || 21,554,742 |- | 2023-11-01 || 22,153,348 |- | 2023-10-01 || 26,144,678 |- | 2023-09-01 || 17,748,912 |- | 2023-08-01 || 15,674,859 |- | 2023-07-01 || 15,511,876 |- | 2023-06-01 || 13,433,194 |- | 2023-05-01 || 13,901,295 |- | 2023-04-01 || 13,122,059 |- | 2023-03-01 || 13,610,799 |- | 2023-02-01 || 12,098,112 |- | 2023-01-01 || 14,386,645 |- | 2022-12-01 || 16,730,368 |- | 2022-11-01 || 19,967,345 |- | 2022-10-01 || 17,608,848 |- | 2022-09-01 || 14,847,453 |- | 2022-08-01 || 14,032,388 |- | 2022-07-01 || 17,298,554 |- | 2022-06-01 || 17,026,541 |- | 2022-05-01 || 14,891,967 |- | 2022-04-01 || 15,144,543 |- | 2022-03-01 || 19,016,624 |- | 2022-02-01 || 14,818,070 |- | 2022-01-01 || 13,589,392 |- | 2021-12-01 || 16,914,100 |- | 2021-11-01 || 14,140,022 |- | 2021-10-01 || 15,728,651 |- | 2021-09-01 || 16,689,908 |- | 2021-08-01 || 15,603,301 |- | 2021-07-01 || 13,497,219 |- | 2021-06-01 || 12,075399 |- | 2021-05-01 || 13,507,384 |- | 2021-04-01 || 11,036,657 |- | 2021-03-01 || 9,196,338 |- | 2021-02-01 || 9,099,531 |- | 2021-01-01 || 9,062,568 |- | 2020-12-01 || 8,511,738 |- | 2020-11-01 || 8,839,864 |- | 2020-10-01 || 7,976,343 |- | 2020-09-01 || 8,032,717 |- | 2020-08-01 || 8,952,807 |- | 2020-07-01 || 9,463,391 |- | 2020-06-01 || 8,089,314 |- | 2020-05-01 || 7,420,864 |- | 2020-04-01 || 6,028,296 |- | 2020-03-01 || 5,468,323 |- | 2020-02-01 || 6,706,817 |- | 2020-01-01 || 5,389,757 |- | 2019-12-01 || 5,924,829 |- | 2019-11-01 || 7,350,657 |- | 2019-10-01 || 8,135,613 |- | 2019-09-01 || 7,262,235 |- | 2019-08-01 || 7,077,486 |- | 2019-07-01 || 6,963,086 |- | 2019-06-01 || 6,340,229 |- | 2019-05-01 || 7,794,540 |- | 2019-04-01 || 6,536,323 |- | 2019-03-01 || 15,986,235 |- | 2019-02-01 || 11,735,279 |- | 2019-01-01 || 8,843,049 |- | 2018-12-01 || 10,399,016 |- | 2018-11-01 || 7,374,038 |- | 2018-10-01 || 8,878,639 |- | 2018-09-01 || 8,070,578 |- | 2018-08-01 || 8,907,342 |- | 2018-07-01 || 7,032,236 |- | 2018-06-01 || 6,800,241 |- | 2018-05-01 || 7,844,796 |- | 2018-04-01 || 6,478,883 |- | 2018-03-01 || 6,846,537 |- | 2018-02-01 || 7,383,846 |- | 2018-01-01 || 9,776,325 |- | 2017-12-01 || 8,297,104 |- | 2017-11-01 || 7,012,428 |- | 2017-10-01 || 8,836,025 |- | 2017-09-01 || 8,887,701 |- | 2017-08-01 || 8,753,927 |- | 2017-07-01 || 9,094,546 |- | 2017-06-01 || 7,403,015 |- | 2017-05-01 || 7,201,718 |- | 2017-04-01 || 8,952,099 |- | 2017-03-01 || 7,793,566 |- | 2017-02-01 || 7,029,498 |- | 2017-01-01 || 6,306,309 |- | 2016-12-01 || 8,479,478 |- | 2016-11-01 || 6,761,878 |- | 2016-10-01 || 7,503,416 |- | 2016-09-01 || 10,114,598 |- | 2016-08-01 || 7,707,543 |- | 2016-07-01 || 6,653,053 |- | 2016-06-01 || 8,096,248 |- | 2016-05-01 || 7,730,585 |- | 2016-04-01 || 8,941,196 |- | 2016-03-01 || 8,792,159 |- | 2016-02-01 || 10,370,374 |- | 2016-01-01 || 10,097,003 |} 数据来源：[https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wiktionary.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|table|1-year|~total|monthly Total page views] ===热词=== 页面浏览量最高的词条： {{Wiktionary:統計/熱詞 |year=2024 |month=6 |t1=尛 |cat1=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v1=5,385 |m1=82.8 |t2=。 |cat2=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v2=5,355 |m2=94.4 |t3=! |cat3=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v3=3,407 |m3=74.2 |t4=凪 |cat4=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]]|v4=3,120 |m4=62.0 |t5=雫 |cat5=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v5= 3,114 |m5=64.6 |t6=又双叒叕 |cat6=[[:Category:漢語副詞|漢語副詞]] |v6=2,528 |m6=73.4 |t7=你好 |cat7=[[:Category:漢語感嘆詞|漢語感嘆詞]] |v7=2,513 |m7=41.1 |t8=昶 |cat8=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v8=2,412 |m8=56.7 |t9=肉便器 |cat9=[[:Category:漢語名詞|漢語名詞]] |v9=2,345 |m9=78.4 |t10=辻 |cat10=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v10=2,150 |m10=71.8 }} 数据来源：[https://pageviews.toolforge.org/topviews/?project=zh.wiktionary.org&platform=all-access&date={{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}&excludes= Topviews Analysis - Most viewed pages of a project] ==收录词条== {{See|Wiktionary:统计/各语言词条}} ==参看== *[[Special:Statistics|基本统计]] [[Category:維基詞典統計]] 5srxoak7834sdmzdkye4k529e6j8aqj 0 2520 9800198 8544628 2026-05-29T17:34:23Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800198 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=èryuè |m-s=er4yue2 |dg=эр3йүә1 |c=ji6 jyut6 |ca=Yue-yi6yut6.ogg |c-t=ngei5 ngut5 |h=pfs=ngi-ngie̍t;gd=ngi4 ngiad6 |j=er3 yeh4 |mb=nī-ngṳè |md=nê-nguŏk |mn=qz,lk,km,hc:lī-ge̍rh/xm,tp,hc,ph,jj:lī-ge̍h/zz,tn,kh,pn:jī-goe̍h/mg:jī-ge̍h/tc:gī-goe̍h/sx:jī-gēr/yl:jī-gōe |mn-t=ri6 ghuêh8 |w=sh:6gni yuq |mc=y |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[公曆]]年中的第二個月，[[平年]]有28日，[[閏年]]有29日 ====同義詞==== * {{qual|湘語}} {{zh-l|二月子}}、{{zh-l|二月間子}} * {{sense|農曆}}{{zh-l|杏月}}、{{zh-l|如月}}、{{zh-l|麗月}}、{{zh-l|花月}}、{{zh-l|柳月}}、{{zh-l|仲春}}、{{zh-l|酣春}}、{{zh-l|艷春}}、{{zh-l|芳春}}、{{zh-l|早春}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|二月革命|二月二}} ====翻譯==== {{see translation subpage|名詞}} {{zh-cat|月份}} ==日語== ===詞源1=== {{ja-kanjitab|に|がつ|yomi=goon,kan}} {{suffix|ja|二|tr1=ni|月|tr2=gatsu|sort=にがつ}} ====發音==== {{ja-pron|にがつ|acc=3|acc2=0|acc_ref=NHK|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|にがつ|hhira=にぐわつ}} # [[公曆]]二月 ====參見==== * {{ja-r|二ヶ月|にヶげつ}} {{list:Gregorian calendar months/ja}} ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|sort=きさらぎ|yomi=irr}} {{rfe|ja}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|きさらぎ}} # {{alternative spelling of|ja|如月}} ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=이월}} # {{hanja form of|이월|}} tolyli3yp75casv9ngm4b37vhy1z4jx 0 9541 9800199 9800034 2026-05-29T17:56:15Z TongcyDai 53191 x 9800199 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=台湾|t2=台灣|gloss=-}} {{zh-wp|zh|yue|lzh|gan|hak:Thòi-vân|cdo:Dài-uăng|nan:Tâi-oân|wuu}} [[Image:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|thumb]] ===詞源=== 源自{{bor|zh|nl|Tayouan}}或{{m|nl|Tayowan}}或{{m|nl|Taiouwang}}。官方於1684年後才創立{{w|臺灣府}}。衍生自荷蘭語詞“[[Tayowan]]」 / 「[[Tayouan]]”（和其他變體）的音譯，也被認為是衍生自[[臺南]][[安平]]地區的[[大武壠]]部落。來自1636年後荷蘭傳教士對這族群的稱呼（[[Taiouwang]]）。其他傳統漢字音譯包括{{zh-l|*大員}}、{{zh-l|*大圓}}、{{zh-l|*臺員}}、{{zh-l|*臺圓}}。 目前對「臺灣」二字的紀錄最早可追溯自明[[崇禎]]八年（1635年）{{lw|zh|何楷}}向朝廷上的奏疏： : {{zh-x|今 欲 靖 寇氛，非 墟 其 窟 不可。其 窟 維 何？^臺灣 是 也。^臺灣 在 ^彭湖 島 外，距 ^漳、^泉 止 兩 日 夜 程，地 廣 而 腴。|如果要平定土匪，就必須摧毀他們的藏身之處。他們的藏身處在哪裡呢？就是'''臺灣'''。'''臺灣'''在澎湖島之外，距離漳州、泉州只有兩日路程，土地廣大而肥沃。|ref=Mingshi|CL|collapsed=y}} 可能衍生自{{der|zh|fos|taywan}}，為{{compound|nocat=1|fos|tayw|an|t1=[[男人]]|t2=[[地方]]標記後綴}}的組詞。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Táiwān |dg=Тэ1ван1 |c=toi4 waan1 |ca2=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-台灣.wav |c-t=hoi3 van1 |h=pfs=Thòi-vàn/Thòi-vân;hrs=h:toi van;gd=toi2 van1 |md=Dài-uăng/Dài-uàng |mn=Tâi-oân |mn-t=tai5 uêng1/tai5 uang1 |mn-t_note=tai5 uêng1 - 潮州; tai5 uang1 - 汕頭、揭陽 |mn-ta=Zh-nan-czhu, tai5 uang1.ogg |px=pt:^dai2 uang2/xy:dai2 uong2 |w=sh:6de ue |ma=Zh-Taiwan.ogg |ca=LL-Q9186-Justinrleung-臺灣.wav |mda=Cdo Dài-uăng.ogg |mna=Taiwanese-Alternation5to7Word.ogg |cat=pn }} ===專有名詞=== {{zh-proper noun}} # {{sid|zh|Q865}}{{place|zh|有限承認國家，位於<<region/東亞>>、[[太平洋]]西北側，由一個主<<島>>和167個小島嶼組成|official=中華民國|capital=臺北}} # {{sid|zh|Q22502}}{{zh-div|島}} {{place|zh|島嶼|r/東亞|位於[[中國大陸]]東南，[[日本]]西南}} #: {{zh-x|^臺灣 原住民族|}} #: {{zh-x|^臺灣 文學 專題|}} # {{sid|zh|Q32081}}{{zh-div|省}} {{lb|zh|法律}} {{place|zh|[[中華民國]]於1945年設立的<<省>>，為[[中華民國]]目前實際上設置的兩個省之一，現已[[虛級化]]}} # {{sid|zh|Q57251}}{{zh-div|省}} {{lb|zh|爭議}} [[中華人民共和國]]宣稱但未實際管理的[[省份]]，為法定的34個省級行政區之一 # {{sid|zh|Q245107}}{{zh-div|地區}} {{w|臺灣地區}}{{gl|[[臺灣]]、[[澎湖]]、[[金門]]、[[馬祖]]及中華民國政府現行統治權所及之其他地區，又稱[[臺澎金馬]]}} #* {{zh-x|^金門 ^縣 縣長{zhǎng} 星期一 呼籲 當局 允許 該 縣 直接 從 ^大陸 採購 疫苗，有 這 一 願望 的 ^臺灣 縣 市 恐怕 不止 ^金門 一 家，但 ^民進黨 當局 會否 為 保 蒼生 之 安 開口子\開 這個 開口子\口子{zi}，非常 令 人 懷疑。|ref='''2021'''年5月19日，{{lang|zh|《台湾抗疫，民进党当局太分心了》}}，{{w|环球时报}}（{{ISSN|2095-2678}}）第5360期、第14頁}} ====同義詞==== * {{s|臺灣}} {{qualifier|歷史|詩}} {{zh-l|福爾摩沙}}、{{qualifier|詩}} {{zh-l|寶島}} ====使用說明==== * 雖然在中華民國，政府部門和教育上均鼓勵使用傳統字{{zh-l|*臺}}，但另一個傳統異體字寫法{{zh-l|*台}}，在現在的臺灣和香港標準字體更為常用<ref>{{cite-journal |author=Shih Hsiu-chuan |title=Premier respects ‘choice’ on spelling |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2010/12/14/2003490913 |accessdate=2015年1月8日|date=2010年12月14日|work={{w|台北時報}}}}</ref>。 * 在泉漳話，{{zh-l|灣|tr=-}}這個字通常讀作 ''oan'' （例如：{{zh-l|海灣|tr=hái-oan}}）。讀法 ''oân'' 則是使用在地名（臺灣）的例外，源自其歷史變體{{zh-l|臺員|tr=-}}和{{zh-l|臺圓|tr=-}}。另外一個讀作 ''oân'' 的特例是高雄市地名{{zh-l|西子灣|tr=Se-á-oân}}，「灣」字讀作 ''oân'' 的來源不詳。 ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|港澳臺|臺澎金馬|臺灣海峽//台灣海峽//台湾海峡|臺灣人//台灣人//台湾人|臺灣話//台灣話//台湾话|臺灣當局//台灣當局//台湾当局|臺灣總統//台灣總統//台湾总统|臺灣黃楊//台灣黃楊//台湾黄杨|臺灣頭//台灣頭//台湾头|臺灣尾//台灣尾//台湾尾|臺灣光復節//台灣光復節//台湾光复节|臺灣環頸雉//台灣環頸雉//台湾环颈雉|憂鬱的臺灣烏龜//憂鬱的台灣烏龜//忧郁的台湾乌龟|臺灣相思//台灣相思//台湾相思|臺灣錢，淹跤目//台灣錢，淹跤目//台湾钱，淹跤目|臺灣地區//台灣地區//台湾地区|臺灣島//台灣島//台湾岛|臺灣黑熊//台灣黑熊//台湾黑熊|臺灣共和國//台灣共和國//台湾共和国|臺灣杉//台灣杉//台湾杉|臺辦|國臺辦}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||^たい%わん|^대만|Đài Loan|s=台%湾}} '''其他'''： * {{desc|bor=y|ar|تَايْوَان}} * {{desc|bor=y|hy|Թայվան}} * {{desc|bor=y|bg|Тайван}} * {{desc|bor=y|my|ထိုင်ဝမ်}} * {{desc|bor=y|ca|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|cs|Tchaj-wan}}, {{l|cs|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|nl|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|en|Taiwan}} ** {{desc|bor=y|ko|^타이완}} ** {{desc|bor=y|pt|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|fr|Taïwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|mnc|ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ}} * {{desc|bor=y|fa|تایوان|tr=Tâyvân}} * {{desc|bor=y|pl|Tajwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|ru|Тайвань}} * {{desc|bor=y|es|Taiwán}} * {{desc|bor=y|bo|ཐའེ་ཝན}} * {{desc|bor=y|tr|Tayvan}} * {{desc|bor=y|za|Daizvanh}} ====參見==== * {{zh-l|中華民國}} * {{zh-l|中華臺北}} ====來源==== <references/> {{zh-cat|臺灣|島嶼}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o|たい|わん}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|たいわん}} # {{ja-kyu sp|台湾}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===專有名詞=== {{ko-propn|hangeul=대만}} # {{hanja form of|대만|}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===專有名詞=== {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|Đài Loan|}} j5ab6nyx8zpwoslh27xf5f9m4j9rsb6 9800200 9800199 2026-05-29T17:57:31Z TongcyDai 53191 9800200 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=台湾|t2=台灣|gloss=-}} {{zh-wp|zh|yue|lzh|gan|hak:Thòi-vân|cdo:Dài-uăng|nan:Tâi-oân|wuu}} [[Image:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|thumb]] ===詞源=== 源自{{bor|zh|nl|Tayouan}}或{{m|nl|Tayowan}}或{{m|nl|Taiouwang}}。官方於1684年後才創立{{w|臺灣府}}。衍生自荷蘭語詞“[[Tayowan]]」 / 「[[Tayouan]]”（和其他變體）的音譯，也被認為是衍生自[[臺南]][[安平]]地區的[[大武壠]]部落。來自1636年後荷蘭傳教士對這族群的稱呼（[[Taiouwang]]）。其他傳統漢字音譯包括{{zh-l|*大員}}、{{zh-l|*大圓}}、{{zh-l|*臺員}}、{{zh-l|*臺圓}}。 目前對「臺灣」二字的紀錄最早可追溯自明[[崇禎]]八年（1635年）{{lw|zh|何楷}}向朝廷上的奏疏： : {{zh-x|今 欲 靖 寇氛，非 墟 其 窟 不可。其 窟 維 何？^臺灣 是 也。^臺灣 在 ^彭湖 島 外，距 ^漳、^泉 止 兩 日 夜 程，地 廣 而 腴。|如果要平定土匪，就必須摧毀他們的藏身之處。他們的藏身處在哪裡呢？就是'''臺灣'''。'''臺灣'''在澎湖島之外，距離漳州、泉州只有兩日路程，土地廣大而肥沃。|ref=Mingshi|CL|collapsed=y}} 可能衍生自{{der|zh|fos|taywan}}，為{{compound|nocat=1|fos|tayw|an|t1=[[男人]]|t2=[[地方]]標記後綴}}的組詞。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Táiwān |dg=Тэ1ван1 |c=toi4 waan1 |ca2=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-台灣.wav |c-t=hoi3 van1 |h=pfs=Thòi-vàn/Thòi-vân;hrs=h:toi van;gd=toi2 van1 |md=Dài-uăng/Dài-uàng |mn=Tâi-oân |mn-t=tai5 uêng1/tai5 uang1 |mn-t_note=tai5 uêng1 - 潮州; tai5 uang1 - 汕頭、揭陽 |mn-ta=Zh-nan-czhu, tai5 uang1.ogg |px=pt:^dai2 uang2/xy:dai2 uong2 |w=sh:6de ue |ma=Zh-Taiwan.ogg |ca=LL-Q9186-Justinrleung-臺灣.wav |mda=Cdo Dài-uăng.ogg |mna=Taiwanese-Alternation5to7Word.ogg |cat=pn }} ===專有名詞=== {{zh-proper noun}} # {{sid|zh|Q865}}{{place|zh|有限承認<<國家>>，位於<<r/東亞>>、[[太平洋]]西北側，由一個主<<島>>和167個小島嶼組成|official=中華民國|capital=臺北}} # {{sid|zh|Q22502}}{{zh-div|島}} {{place|zh|島嶼|r/東亞|位於[[中國大陸]]東南，[[日本]]西南}} #: {{zh-x|^臺灣 原住民族|}} #: {{zh-x|^臺灣 文學 專題|}} # {{sid|zh|Q32081}}{{zh-div|省}} {{lb|zh|法律}} {{place|zh|[[中華民國]]於1945年設立的<<省>>，為[[中華民國]]目前實際上設置的兩個省之一，現已[[虛級化]]}} # {{sid|zh|Q57251}}{{zh-div|省}} {{lb|zh|爭議}} [[中華人民共和國]]宣稱但未實際管理的[[省份]]，為法定的34個省級行政區之一 # {{sid|zh|Q245107}}{{zh-div|地區}} {{w|臺灣地區}}{{gl|[[臺灣]]、[[澎湖]]、[[金門]]、[[馬祖]]及中華民國政府現行統治權所及之其他地區，又稱[[臺澎金馬]]}} #* {{zh-x|^金門 ^縣 縣長{zhǎng} 星期一 呼籲 當局 允許 該 縣 直接 從 ^大陸 採購 疫苗，有 這 一 願望 的 ^臺灣 縣 市 恐怕 不止 ^金門 一 家，但 ^民進黨 當局 會否 為 保 蒼生 之 安 開口子\開 這個 開口子\口子{zi}，非常 令 人 懷疑。|ref='''2021'''年5月19日，{{lang|zh|《台湾抗疫，民进党当局太分心了》}}，{{w|环球时报}}（{{ISSN|2095-2678}}）第5360期、第14頁}} ====同義詞==== * {{s|臺灣}} {{qualifier|歷史|詩}} {{zh-l|福爾摩沙}}、{{qualifier|詩}} {{zh-l|寶島}} ====使用說明==== * 雖然在中華民國，政府部門和教育上均鼓勵使用傳統字{{zh-l|*臺}}，但另一個傳統異體字寫法{{zh-l|*台}}，在現在的臺灣和香港標準字體更為常用<ref>{{cite-journal |author=Shih Hsiu-chuan |title=Premier respects ‘choice’ on spelling |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2010/12/14/2003490913 |accessdate=2015年1月8日|date=2010年12月14日|work={{w|台北時報}}}}</ref>。 * 在泉漳話，{{zh-l|灣|tr=-}}這個字通常讀作 ''oan'' （例如：{{zh-l|海灣|tr=hái-oan}}）。讀法 ''oân'' 則是使用在地名（臺灣）的例外，源自其歷史變體{{zh-l|臺員|tr=-}}和{{zh-l|臺圓|tr=-}}。另外一個讀作 ''oân'' 的特例是高雄市地名{{zh-l|西子灣|tr=Se-á-oân}}，「灣」字讀作 ''oân'' 的來源不詳。 ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|港澳臺|臺澎金馬|臺灣海峽//台灣海峽//台湾海峡|臺灣人//台灣人//台湾人|臺灣話//台灣話//台湾话|臺灣當局//台灣當局//台湾当局|臺灣總統//台灣總統//台湾总统|臺灣黃楊//台灣黃楊//台湾黄杨|臺灣頭//台灣頭//台湾头|臺灣尾//台灣尾//台湾尾|臺灣光復節//台灣光復節//台湾光复节|臺灣環頸雉//台灣環頸雉//台湾环颈雉|憂鬱的臺灣烏龜//憂鬱的台灣烏龜//忧郁的台湾乌龟|臺灣相思//台灣相思//台湾相思|臺灣錢，淹跤目//台灣錢，淹跤目//台湾钱，淹跤目|臺灣地區//台灣地區//台湾地区|臺灣島//台灣島//台湾岛|臺灣黑熊//台灣黑熊//台湾黑熊|臺灣共和國//台灣共和國//台湾共和国|臺灣杉//台灣杉//台湾杉|臺辦|國臺辦}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||^たい%わん|^대만|Đài Loan|s=台%湾}} '''其他'''： * {{desc|bor=y|ar|تَايْوَان}} * {{desc|bor=y|hy|Թայվան}} * {{desc|bor=y|bg|Тайван}} * {{desc|bor=y|my|ထိုင်ဝမ်}} * {{desc|bor=y|ca|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|cs|Tchaj-wan}}, {{l|cs|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|nl|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|en|Taiwan}} ** {{desc|bor=y|ko|^타이완}} ** {{desc|bor=y|pt|Taiwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|fr|Taïwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|mnc|ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ}} * {{desc|bor=y|fa|تایوان|tr=Tâyvân}} * {{desc|bor=y|pl|Tajwan}} * {{desc|bor=y|ru|Тайвань}} * {{desc|bor=y|es|Taiwán}} * {{desc|bor=y|bo|ཐའེ་ཝན}} * {{desc|bor=y|tr|Tayvan}} * {{desc|bor=y|za|Daizvanh}} ====參見==== * {{zh-l|中華民國}} * {{zh-l|中華臺北}} ====來源==== <references/> {{zh-cat|臺灣|島嶼}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o|たい|わん}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|たいわん}} # {{ja-kyu sp|台湾}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===專有名詞=== {{ko-propn|hangeul=대만}} # {{hanja form of|대만|}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===專有名詞=== {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|Đài Loan|}} 2kh9upol1cgpok4dze3f3ir1yu6c85b 0 9984 9800197 8292236 2026-05-29T17:33:27Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info|㋁}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=èryuè |c=ji6 jyut6 |h=pfs=ngi-ngie̍t |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{zh-alt-form|二月}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|がつ|yomi=kan}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|にがつ}} # [[二月]] ====同義字==== * {{ja-r|如月|きさらぎ}} [[Category:日語 月份|にがつ]] 3qj687oxrtupg4mfji1hovnyi0idqlz 0 10313 9800269 8350308 2026-05-30T03:13:20Z Sayonzei 40728 9800269 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{af|fr|a-|bâtard|t2=雜種的|-ir}}，{{lit|使變雜種}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-abâtardir.wav|a=圖盧茲}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-abâtardir.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-abâtardir.wav|a=France}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-abâtardir.wav|a=奧爾日河畔布雷蒂尼}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-abâtardir.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-abâtardir.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-abâtardir.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物|rare}} 使[[退化]]；使[[衰退]]，使[[變質]] #* '''1580''', {{w|米歇爾·德·蒙田|Michel de Montaigne}}, ''[[s:fr:Essais - Livre I - Chapitre 26|Essays, Book I, CHapter 26]]'' (現代拼寫) #*: {{quote|fr|Ôtez moy la violence et la force; il n'est rien, à mon avis, qui '''abâtardisse''' et étourdisse si fort une nature bien née.|摒弃暴力和强迫；在我看来，没有什么比暴力和强迫更能'''败坏'''和麻痹善良的天性了。}} #* '''2005''', Lloyd Bradley, ''Bass culture: quand le reggae était roi'', translated by Manuel Rabasse<!--Bass culture: When reggae was king, if anybody wants to locate the original English-->, Allia, p. 366, #*: {{quote|fr|Tandis qu'il adaptait l'équipement, ajoutait—et '''abâtardissait'''—de nouveaux systèmes périphériques et bricolait les circuits pratiquement de jour en jour.}} # {{lb|fr|pronominal}} [[退化]]；[[衰退]]，[[變質]] #* {{quote-text|fr|year=1840|author=Louis René Villermé|title=Tableau de l'état physique et moral des ouvriers employés dans les manufactures de coton, de laine et de soie|page=407 |passage=On vous a dit que c'était dans les filatures que la race '''s'abâtardissait'''.|t=人们曾对你们说过：正是在纺纱厂中，人的体质和品性正在'''败坏'''。}} #* '''1995''', Léon Dion, "Propos désabusés d'un fédéraliste fatigué," in C.E.S. Franks & John Meisel (eds.), ''Canada's century : governance in a maturing society : essays in honour of John Meisel'', McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 95, #*: {{quote|fr|D'où cette conscience tragique chez nos écrivains et l'intelligentsia en général que le français est ici menacé et qu'il '''s'abâtardit''' parmi la population.|t=因此，我们的作家和知识分子普遍悲哀地意识到，法语在这里正受到威胁，并在民众中逐渐'''衰落'''。}} ====用法說明==== * 尤用於語言和文化。 ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} {{fr-conj-auto|refl=y}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|abâtardi}} * {{l|fr|abâtardissement}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} qzl99bmapkfgwwlh5obxen5m0ia6b2d 0 14290 9800304 6138402 2026-05-30T03:35:51Z Sayonzei 40728 9800304 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|fouet<t:whip>|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|fouet|-er<id:動詞>|gloss1=鞭子}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-fouetter.ogg|a=Paris}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-fouetter.wav|a=阿讓}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-fouetter.wav|a=沙威尼根}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-fouetter.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-fouetter.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-fouetter.wav|a=索曼}} * {{rhymes|fr|e}} * {{homophones|fr|fouettai|fouetté|fouettée|fouettées|fouettés|fouettez}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[鞭打]]，[[鞭笞]] # {{lb|fr|及物|不及物}} [[拍打]]，猛[[擊]] # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[攪拌]] # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[刺激]]，[[激起]] # {{lb|fr|不及物|俚語}} [[發臭]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|fr|donner le fouet}} * {{l|fr|flageller}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|fr |avoir d'autres chats à fouetter|crème fouetté|fouette-cul|fouetteur|fouetter le sang|il n'y a pas de quoi fouetter un chat }} ===參考資料=== * {{R:NPLarousse}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|暴力}} ==諾曼語== ===詞源=== {{rfe|nrf}} ===動詞=== {{nrf-verb}} # {{lb|nrf|澤西|及物}} [[鞭打]]，[[鞭笞]] mggl5j34mubpy4apbagjpwbvu3zzfmh 0 15511 9800584 4838474 2026-05-30T06:23:04Z Sayonzei 40728 9800584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|katarakt}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁakt/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakt.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|akt|s=3}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m,(e)s}} # [[瀑布]] #: {{syn|de|Wasserfall<g:m>}} # 水[[急流]] #: {{syn|de|Stromschnelle<g:f>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m,(e)s}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f,e}} # {{lb|de|醫學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|de|grauer Star<g:m>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f,e}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:Duden|Katarakt_Wasserfall}} * {{R:de:Duden|Katarakt_Augenkrankheit}} {{C|de|瀑布}} 1d3t5x47vxf8gys9gfp3lw17jsymmbk 0 16215 9800074 9785401 2026-05-29T12:01:31Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 9800074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Montenegró|Montènègro|Monténégro|Monténègrô}} {{minitoc}} ==南非語== {{wp|af:}} ===專有名詞=== {{af-proper noun}} # {{tcl|af|黑山|id=Q236|place_caplc=Podgoritsa}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|af|Montenegryn}} * {{l|af|Montenegryns}} ==巴斯克語== {{wp|eu:}} ===發音=== {{eu-pr|+<audio:LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-Montenegro.wav>}} ===專有名詞=== {{eu-proper noun|in}} # {{tcl|eu|黑山|id=Q236}} ====變格==== {{eu-ndecl|in.pr}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|eu| |montenegroar |montenegroera }} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/eu}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== {{wp|ca:}} ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA|ê}} * {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Montenegro.wav|a=Valencia}} ===專有名詞=== {{ca-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|ca|黑山|id=Q236}} ==康沃爾語== {{wp|kw:}} {{img |image1=Flag of Montenegro.svg |caption1=Baner Montenegro. |image2=Europe-Montenegro.svg |caption2=Montenegro yn Europa. }} ===詞源=== 源自{{der|kw|en|Montenegro}}，源自{{der|kw|vec|Montenegro}}，字面意思「黑色的山」 ===發音=== * {{IPA|kw|/mɔntɛˈnɛɡɹɔ/}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|kw|propn}} # {{tcl|kw|黑山|id=Q236}} ====同類詞彙==== {{list:countries in Europe/kw}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|kw |montenegrek<t:蒙特內哥羅的，黑山的><pos:a> }} ===詞首音變=== {{kw-mut}} ==克里米亞韃靼語== {{wp|crh:}} ===發音=== * {{hyph|crh|Mon|te|neg|ro}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|crh|專有名詞}} # {{tcl|crh|黑山|id=Q236}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:crh:Luğatçıq}} ==丹麥語== {{wp|da:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|da|專有名詞}} # {{tcl|da|黑山|id=Q236}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|da| |montenegriner |montenegrinsk }} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/da}} {{cln|da|外名}} ==荷蘭語== {{wp|nl:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|nl|it|Montenegro}}，仿譯自{{der|nl|sh|Cȓnā Gòra}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˌmɔn.təˈneː.ɣroː/|/-ɡroː/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-Montenegro.ogg}} * {{hyph|nl|Mon|te|ne|gro}} ===專有名詞=== {{nl-proper noun|n|adj=Montenegrijns|mdem=Montenegrijn|fdem=Montenegrijnse}} # {{tcl|nl|黑山|id=Q236}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|nl |Servië en Montenegro }} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|nl |Montenegrijn }} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/nl}} {{cln|nl|外名}} ==英語== {{Wiktionary:圖片詞典/en:map/Europe}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|en|vec|Montenegro|lit=黑色的山|pos=源自 {{com|vec|monte|negro|nocat=1}}}}，仿譯自{{m+|sh|Cȓnā Gòra|w=塞爾維亞-克羅地亞人}}，指{{w|Lovćen|lang=en|洛夫琴山}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/mɒn.tɪˈnɛɡ.ɹəʊ/|/mɒn.tɪˈneɪ.ɡɹəʊ/|a=UK}} * {{IPA|en|/ˌmɑn.təˈneɪ.ɡɹoʊ/|/ˌmɑn.tɪˈni.ɡɹoʊ/|a=US}} * {{audio|en|en-us-Montenegro.ogg|a=美國}} ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun|Montenegroes}} # {{senseid|en|Q236}}{{tcl|en|黑山|id=Q236}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|en|Montenegrin}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/en}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en}} {{cln|en|外名}} ==世界語== {{wp|eo:}} [[Image:Montenegro in its region.svg|thumb|250px|'''Montenegro''']] ===發音=== {{eo-pr|a=Eo-Montenegro.ogg;LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-Montenegro.wav;LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Montenegro.wav}} ===專有名詞=== {{eo-head}} # {{tcl|eo|黑山|id=Q236}} ====分體詞==== * {{l|eo|Podgorico}} ===參見=== {{compass|eo|ne=Serbio|nw=Bosnio kaj Hercegovino|e=Kosovo|sw=Adriatiko|se=Albanio}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:eo:PIV 2020}} * {{R:eo:ReVo}} ==愛沙尼亞語== {{wp|et:}} ===發音=== * {{et-IPA|monteˈnegro}} ===專有名詞=== {{et-proper noun|Montenegro|Montenegrot}} # {{tcl|et|黑山|id=Q236}} ====變格==== {{et-decl-pere|Montenegro|n=sg}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/et}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Sõnaveeb}} ==法羅語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|fo|vec|Montenegro||黑色的山}}，{{cal|fo|sh|Cȓnā Gòra}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{head|fo|專有名詞|g=n}} # {{tcl|fo|黑山|id=Q236}} ===參見=== * {{l|fo|Svartafjall}} ==芬蘭語== {{wp|fi:}} ===詞源=== 源自{{der|fi|vec|Montenegro}}。 ===發音=== {{fi-p|mont(:)enegro}} ===專有名詞=== {{fi-proper noun}} # {{tcl|fi|黑山|id=Q236}} ====變格==== {{fi-decl-valo|n=sg|Montenegr|||o|a}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|fi |黑山 |montenegrolainen }} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/fi}} ==加利西亞語== ===詞源1=== 源自 {{m|gl|monte}} + {{m|gl|negro}}，字面意思「黑色的山」。 ====發音==== * {{IPA|gl|[ˌmonteˈneɣɾʊ]}} ====專有名詞==== {{gl-proper noun|m}} # 加利西亞北部的一個古地區 # {{surname|gl}} ===詞源2=== {{bor+|gl|vec|Montenegro}}。 ====專有名詞==== {{gl-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|gl|黑山|id=Q236}} =====派生詞彙===== * {{l|gl|montenegrino}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:gl:DDGM}} * {{R:gl:CX}} * {{R:gl:CAG}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/mɔnteˈneːɡʁo/}} * {{audio|de|De-Montenegro.ogg|a=柏林}} ===專有名詞=== {{de-proper noun|toponym}} # {{tcl|de|黑山|id=Q236}} #: {{syn|de|Schwarzenberg<q:古舊；一戰之前>}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|Montenegriner}} * {{l|de|montenegrinisch}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/de}} {{cln|de|外名}} ==伊多語== {{wp|io:}} ===發音=== {{io-IPA}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|io|專有名詞}} # {{tcl|io|黑山|id=Q236}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/io}} ==印尼語== {{wp|id:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|id|vec|Montenegro|lit=黑色的山|pos=源自 {{com|vec|monte|negro|nocat=1}}}}，仿譯自{{m+|sh|Cȓnā Gòra|w=塞爾維亞-克羅地亞人}}，指{{w|Lovćen|lang=en|洛夫琴山}}。 ===發音=== {{id-pr|Mon.té.né.gro}} ===專有名詞=== {{id-proper noun}} # {{tcl|id|黑山|id=Q236}} ===名詞=== {{id-noun}} # [[黑山人]]，[[蒙特內哥羅人]] ===形容詞=== {{id-adj}} # [[黑山]]的，[[蒙特內哥羅]]的 ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/id}} ==意大利語== {{wp|it:}} ===發音=== {{it-pr|Montenégro<r:DiPI>}} ===專有名詞=== {{it-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|it|黑山|id=Q236}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|Serbia e Montenegro}} * {{l|it|montenegrino}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/it}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{cln|it|外名}} ==書面挪威語== {{wp|no:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|nb|專有名詞}} # {{tcl|nb|黑山|id=Q236}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|nb|Serbia og Montenegro}}、{{l|nb|Serbia}} * {{l|nb|montenegriner}} * {{l|nb|montenegrinsk}} ==新挪威語== {{wp|nn:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|nn|專有名詞}} # {{tcl|nn|黑山|id=Q236}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|nn|Serbia og Montenegro}}、{{l|nn|Serbia}} * {{l|nn|montenegrinar}} * {{l|nn|montenegrinsk}} ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|Montenêgro}} * {{rhyme|pt|eɡɾu|s=4}} * {{hyph|pt|Mon|te|ne|gro}} ===詞源1=== {{wp|pt:}} {{bor+|pt|vec|Montenegro}}。{{surf|pt|monte|negro|t1=山|t2=暗的}}。 ====專有名詞==== {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|pt|黑山|id=Q236}} =====用法說明===== {{pt-placename-without-article}} =====派生詞彙===== {{col|pt |montenegrino |montenegrense}} ====參見==== {{list:countries in Europe/pt}} ===詞源2=== {{wp|pt:+ (Faro)}} ====專有名詞==== {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{place|pt|civil parish|mun:pref/法羅|c/葡萄牙}} ===詞源3=== {{wp|pt:+ (sobrenome)}} ====專有名詞==== {{pt-proper noun|mfbysense}} # {{surname|pt}} ===詞源4=== {{wp|pt:+ (Rio Grande do Sul)}} {{ellipsis|pt|São João de Montenegro}}。{{etydate|1916}}。<ref>{{R:pt:IBGE|rs}}</ref> ====專有名詞==== {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{place|pt|市鎮|s/里約熱內盧|c/巴西}} ===參考資料=== <references/> {{cln|pt|外名}} ==撒丁語== {{wp|sc:}} ===專有名詞=== {{sc-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|sc|黑山|id=Q236}} ==西班牙語== {{wp|es:}} ===發音=== {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rodelar-Montenegro.wav<a:Spain>>}} ===專有名詞=== {{es-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|es|黑山|id=Q236}} # {{surname|es}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|es|Serbia y Montenegro|montenegrino}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/es}} {{cln|es|外名}} ==瑞典語== {{wp|sv:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|sv|/mɔntɛˈneːɡrʊ/}} * {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Montenegro.wav}} ===專有名詞=== {{sv-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|sv|黑山|id=Q236}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|sv|montenegrin}} * {{l|sv|montenegrinsk}} * {{l|sv|montenegrinska}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/sv}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:svenska.se|saol}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130212326/https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D054548/montenegro Svensk MeSH] {{cln|sv|外名}} ==他加祿語== {{wp|tl:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|tl|es|Montenegro||黑山}}。 ===發音=== {{tl-pr|Montene.gro}} ===專有名詞=== {{tl-proper noun|b=+}} # {{tcl|tl|黑山|id=Q236}} # {{surname|tl|from=西班牙語}}，菲律賓第460大的姓氏 ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|tl|monte|negro}} ==維普斯語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|vep|vec|Montenegro}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{vep-proper noun|Montenegron|Montenegrod}} # {{tcl|vep|黑山|id=Q236}} ====屈折==== {{vep-decl-ilo|n=sg|Montenegro}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|vep|Mustmägi}} ==威爾士語== {{wp|cy:}} ===專有名詞=== {{cy-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|cy|黑山|id=Q236}} ====同類詞彙==== {{list:countries in Europe/cy}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|cy|Montenegroaidd||蒙特內哥羅的，黑山的|pos=a}} * {{l|cy|Montenegroad||蒙特內哥羅人，黑山人}} {{cln|cy|外名}} alaabnda1z2klail93n5ki6x2kj8alg 0 34608 9800556 9351672 2026-05-30T05:21:03Z Chihunglu83 87715 9800556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Bandit|bändit}} ==英语== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈbændɪt/}} * {{audio|en|En-au-bandit.ogg|音頻（澳式）}} 匪盗 ==法语== n.m. 强盗，盗匪；歹徒，恶棍，无赖，坏蛋 [[Category:英語]] [[Category:拉丁文字]] [[Category:法语名词]] [[Category:英语名词]] ==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語== ===詞源=== 来自{{der|sh|it|bandito}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|sh|/bǎndiːt/}} * {{hyphenation|sh|ban|dit}} ===名詞=== {{sh-noun|bàndīt|m-an}} #强盗 ====變格==== {{sh-decl-noun |bàndīt|banditi |bandíta|bandita |banditu|banditima |bandita|bandite |bandite|banditi |banditu|banditima |banditom|banditima }} ===參考資料=== * {{R:sh:HJP|eFtvXg%3D%3D}} r36hhbyudqlbtfqw9vhxk57s9v4a2yn 0 56148 9800267 6036999 2026-05-30T03:07:25Z Sayonzei 40728 9800267 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|a-|fro:charn<t:flesh>|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|a-|fro:charn|t2=肉|-er<id:動詞>}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-acharner.ogg}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-acharner.wav|a=圖盧茲}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-acharner.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-acharner.wav|a=France}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-acharner.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-acharner.wav|a=索曼}} * {{fr-homophones-er|acharn}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|archaic}} 給（獵犬、獵鷹）以肉味，使其產生興趣和食慾 # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[煽動]]，[[激起]] {{+obj|fr|dirobj<某人或某動物，如狗> + :après/:contre/:sur<對某人/事物>}} #: {{ux|fr|On avait '''acharné''' les chiens contre le taureau.|我们'''放'''狗'''咬'''牛。}} # {{lb|fr|pronominal}} [[猛烈]][[攻擊]] {{+obj|fr|:après/:contre/:sur<某人/事物>}} #* {{quote-book |fr |year=1883 |author=w:Théodore de Banville |title=[[s:fr:La_Lanterne_magique|La Lanterne magique]] |chapter=[[s:fr:La_Lanterne_magique/74|74]] |page=[[s:fr:Page:Banville - La Lanterne magique, 1883.djvu/132|116]] |passage=Avec l’intrépidité du désespoir, Florigny lutte contre une tête de lapin qui rira bien, parce qu’elle rira la dernière, et tandis qu’il '''s’acharne''' sur elle, un grand chien funèbre et jaune, vautré sous la table, '''s’acharne''' sur ses mollets à lui, et les dévore. }} # {{lb|fr|pronominal|比喻}} [[辛勤]]，[[堅持不懈]] {{+obj|fr|:après/:contre/:sur<對某人/事物>}} # {{lb|fr|不及物|pronominal|比喻}} [[沉迷]]，[[醉心]]，[[熱衷]] {{+obj|fr|:à<對某人/事物>}} #* {{quote-book |fr |year=1837 |by=w:[[米格爾·德·塞萬提斯|Miguel de Cervantes]] |author=w:en:Louis Viardot |title=[[s:fr:L’Ingénieux_Hidalgo_Don_Quichotte_de_la_Manche|L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche]] |chapter=[[s:fr:L’Ingénieux_Hidalgo_Don_Quichotte_de_la_Manche/Première_partie/Chapitre_I|I]] |passage=Enfin, notre hidalgo '''s’acharna''' tellement à sa lecture, que ses nuits se passaient en lisant du soir au matin, et ses jours, du matin au soir. |translation=最后，我们的伊达尔戈非常'''沉迷于'''读书，他从傍晚读到早晨，从早晨读到傍晚。}} ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto|refl=yes}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|acharnement}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|chair}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|de|acharniert|der=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} jve95s2nnat6m3a0bl4te4rogekwmue 0 117255 9800110 9800051 2026-05-29T14:58:10Z Sayonzei 40728 要加就加，不要改回舊格式，搞清楚{{t+}}是怎麼用的再用 9800110 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝|lit=青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的}} ===詞源=== 縮寫自{{zh-l|青出於藍，而青於藍}}，源自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}·[[s:荀子/勸學篇|勸學]]》。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīngchūyúlán |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4 |h=pfs=chhiâng-chhut-î-lâm |mn=chheng-chhut-î-lâm/chheng-chhut-î-nâ |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # 比喻[[學生]]、[[後輩]]或[[弟子]]的學問、技術、成就超過[[老師]]或[[前輩]]。 #: {{zh-x|「這 孩子 的 棋藝 真是 '''青出於藍'''！」大家 都 這樣 稱讚 他。}} ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|後來居上}} * {{zh-l|後生可畏}} * {{zh-l|冰寒於水}} * {{zh-l|青出於藍而勝於藍}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|一代不如一代}} * {{zh-l|每況愈下}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV|青出於藍||청출어람|h=靑出於藍|thanh xuất ư lam}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|青は藍より出でて藍より青し|tr=ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi|calque=1}} 1sgj1uloy3et2k7kr3titcruyrza4mc 9800111 9800110 2026-05-29T15:03:42Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 漢語 */ 沒有既bor又calque的 9800111 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝|lit=青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的}} ===詞源=== 縮寫自{{zh-l|青出於藍，而青於藍}}，源自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}·[[s:荀子/勸學篇|勸學]]》。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīngchūyúlán |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4 |h=pfs=chhiâng-chhut-î-lâm |mn=chheng-chhut-î-lâm/chheng-chhut-î-nâ |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # 比喻[[學生]]、[[後輩]]或[[弟子]]的學問、技術、成就超過[[老師]]或[[前輩]]。 #: {{zh-x|「這 孩子 的 棋藝 真是 '''青出於藍'''！」大家 都 這樣 稱讚 他。}} ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|後來居上}} * {{zh-l|後生可畏}} * {{zh-l|冰寒於水}} * {{zh-l|青出於藍而勝於藍}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|一代不如一代}} * {{zh-l|每況愈下}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV|青出於藍||청출어람|h=靑出於藍|thanh xuất ư lam}} m0apku197es1qtlo2shm5pojnaxa7gw 9800186 9800111 2026-05-29T16:59:12Z Fglffer 55252 9800186 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝|lit=青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的}} ===詞源=== 縮寫自{{zh-l|青出於藍，而青於藍}}，源自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}·[[s:荀子/勸學篇|勸學]]》。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīngchūyúlán |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4 |h=pfs=chhiâng-chhut-î-lâm |mn=chheng-chhut-î-lâm/chheng-chhut-î-nâ |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # 比喻[[學生]]、[[後輩]]或[[弟子]]的學問、技術、成就超過[[老師]]或[[前輩]]。 #: {{zh-x|「這 孩子 的 棋藝 真是 '''青出於藍'''！」大家 都 這樣 稱讚 他。}} ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|後來居上}} * {{zh-l|後生可畏}} * {{zh-l|冰寒於水}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|一代不如一代}} * {{zh-l|每況愈下}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV|青出於藍||청출어람|h=靑出於藍|thanh xuất ư lam}} qkh6hcmcsuucsmx3j007kijbukokzwj 9800188 9800186 2026-05-29T17:01:09Z Fglffer 55252 9800188 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝|lit=青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的}} ===詞源=== 縮寫自{{zh-l|青出於藍，而青於藍}}，源自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}·[[s:荀子/勸學篇|勸學]]》。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīngchūyúlán |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4 |h=pfs=chhiâng-chhut-î-lâm |mn=chheng-chhut-î-lâm/chheng-chhut-î-nâ |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # 比喻[[學生]]、[[後輩]]或[[弟子]]的學問、技術、成就超過[[老師]]或[[前輩]]。 #: {{zh-x|「這 孩子 的 棋藝 真是 '''青出於藍'''！」大家 都 這樣 稱讚 他。}} ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|後來居上}} * {{zh-l|後生可畏}} * {{zh-l|冰寒於水}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|一代不如一代}} * {{zh-l|每況愈下}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV|青出於藍||청출어람|h=靑出於藍|thanh xuất ư lam}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===形容詞=== {{vi-adj|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|thanh xuất ư lam}} rzsde1q14m3dfllym055tsu69yg7rm8 0 138051 9800190 625238 2026-05-29T17:07:10Z Fglffer 55252 9800190 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=222|lit=年輕的一輩不如老一輩}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=一dài不rú一dài |cat=id }} ===俗語=== {{head|zh|俗語}} # 形容[[事物]]或[[情況]]愈來愈[[不好]] 78orrdsw8560epwhlfs5crnju9qv2et 4 147358 9800621 562130 2026-05-30T08:48:02Z 解浪 133639 Fix lint errors 9800621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㄱ|ㄱ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㄴ|ㄴ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㄷ|ㄷ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㄹ|ㄹ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅁ|ㅁ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅂ|ㅂ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅅ|ㅅ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅇ|ㅇ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅈ|ㅈ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅊ|ㅊ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅋ|ㅋ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅌ|ㅌ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅍ|ㅍ]] - [[Wiktionary:諺文索引/ㅎ|ㅎ]] ==[[Wiktionary:諺文索引|朝鮮語漢字音]]：ㅋ== <b id=kwae>쾌</b>: [[噲]], [[夬]], [[快]], [[獪]] 6v16sajxgcgetgxz8x06paones4ob7k 0 300961 9800120 9556037 2026-05-29T15:25:01Z Sayonzei 40728 9800120 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{af|de|Charakter|-istisch}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristisch.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # [[特徵]]的 # [[獨特]]的，[[典型]]的 ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|de|Charakter}} * {{l|de|Charakteristik}} * {{l|de|charakterisieren}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} pkzfyzi4twimfa3qenwqj364cdc8l12 0 309953 9800252 6696303 2026-05-29T22:56:39Z Fglffer 55252 9800252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=85|rad=水|as=14|sn=17|four=34132|canj=ETBO|ids=⿰氵蒙}} ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0655.300|dkj=18491|dj=1066.040|hdz=31753.010|ch=8350006.04|uh=6FDB}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=蒙|alt=靀}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=méng |c=mung4 |h=pfs=mùng |md=móng |mn=bông |w=sh:6mon |mc=y |oc=y |cat=a,v }} ===釋義=== {{head|zh|漢字}} # 下著[[小雨]]的樣子 # [[籠罩]] ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|冥濛|凌濛初|涳濛|淡濛濛|溟濛|澒濛|濛昧|濛昧不清|濛汜|濛濛|濛濛細雨|濛鬆雨|濛鴻|灰濛濛|空濛|迷濛|濛澒|濛涌}} ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=9|rs=水14}} # {{rfdef|ja|sort=水14}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=む |kanon=ぼう |kanyoon=もう |kun=うすぐら-い, くら-い, こさめ- }} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|몽}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=水14}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=水14|reading=mông}} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=水14}} ssbp5hds7eu2wg8alwpt5skmiir5v9t 0 316020 9800253 6696371 2026-05-29T22:57:39Z Fglffer 55252 9800253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=173|rad=雨|as=14|sn=22|four=|canj=MBTBO|ids=⿱雨蒙}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=1380.020|dkj=42509|dj=1889.160|hdz=64080.060|sbgy=30.06|uh=9740}} ==漢語== ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===釋義=== {{zh-see|濛|v}} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|보슬비|몽}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=雨14}} 3htnmsnn6xbasrtf48tsm6op9awdvx5 0 320116 9800270 5543100 2026-05-30T03:16:57Z Sayonzei 40728 9800270 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|fro|atisier}}，{{inh+|fr|la-vul|*attītiāre}}，{{der+|fr|la|tītiō|t=火炬}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-attiser.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-attiser.wav|a=沙威尼根}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-attiser.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-attiser.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-attiser.wav|a=聖艾蒂安}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-attiser.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物}} 把[[火]][[撥]][[旺]] # {{lb|fr|及物|比喻}} [[煽動]]，[[鼓動]]，[[激起]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|tison}} ** {{l|fr|tisonner}} *** {{l|fr|tisonnier}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|artiste}}、{{l|fr|attéris}}、{{l|fr|attires}}、{{l|fr|attirés}}、{{l|fr|restait}}、{{l|fr|stérait}}、{{l|fr|tarîtes}}、{{l|fr|tersait}}、{{l|fr|tirâtes}}、{{l|fr|traites}}、{{l|fr|traités}}、{{l|fr|triâtes}} {{C|fr|火}} nabnq2vle1sdk5exwc792evnnz24ivk 0 320375 9800695 5543255 2026-05-30T10:59:40Z Popolon 20728 /* 法语 */ 9800695 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法语== ===词源=== :拉丁语。 ===名詞=== #n.m. [[压力锅]]；[[电饭煲]] [[Category:法语名词]] gxgu3s0h6tzrlkod1hx1ohyyr0emlef 0 329266 9800614 6698850 2026-05-30T07:58:13Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800614 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|cls=[[cơn]], [[căn]]}} # [[病]] ===例=== *[[bạo bệnh]]　暴病 *[[bệnh ấu trĩ]]　幼稚病 *[[bệnh bạch cầu]]　白血病 *[[bệnh bạch điến]]　白癜风 *[[bệnh bạch hầu]]　白喉 *[[bệnh bẩm sinh]]　先天病 *[[bệnh căn]]　病根 *[[bệnh cấp tính]]　急性病 *[[bệnh chai chân]]　鸡眼 *[[bệnh chó dại]]　狂犬病 *[[bệnh chốc đầu]]　瘌痢头 *[[bệnh cùi]]　麻风 *[[bệnh đã dằn]]　病已痊愈 *[[bệnh đã nhập cốc]].　病已入骨 病入膏肓 *[[bệnh da]], [[ngoài da]]　皮肤病 *[[bệnh dại]]　狂犬病 *[[bệnh đạo ôn]]　稻瘟病 *[[bệnh đau mắt hột]]　砂眼 *[[bệnh đậu mùa]]　天花 牛痘 *[[bệnh dịch hạch]]　鼠疫 *[[bệnh dịch tả]]　霍乱 *[[bệnh gan]]　肝病 *[[bệnh ghen]]　妒忌心 *[[bệnh giang mai]]　梅毒 *[[bệnh giun đũa]]　蛔虫病 锥虫病 *[[bệnh giun kim]]　丝虫病 *[[bệnh giun móc]]　钩虫病 *[[bệnh gù]]　佝偻 *[[bệnh hành phẫu thuật]]　进行手术 *[[bệnh hay lây]]　传染病 *[[bệnh ho]]　咳嗽 *[[bệnh hoại huyết]]　坏血病 *[[bệnh hủi]]　麻风 *[[bệnh hủi]]　麻风病 *[[bệnh kiết lị]]　痢疾 *[[bệnh kín]]　暗疾 花柳 *[[bệnh kín]]　花柳病 *[[bệnh kinh niên]]　慢性病 *[[bệnh ký sinh trùng]]　寄生虫病 *[[bệnh lậu]]　淋病 *[[bệnh lây lan]]　流行病 *[[bệnh liệt dương]]　阳萎 *[[bệnh loạn sắc]]　色盲 *[[bệnh lợn đóng dấu]]　猪丹毒 *[[bệnh mẩn ngứa]]　湿疹 *[[bệnh mề đay]]　风疹块 *[[bệnh nấm da trâu]]　牛皮癣 *[[bệnh nấm ngoài da]]　癣 *[[bệnh nặng]]　重病 *[[bệnh nẻ do lạnh]]　冻疮 *[[bệnh nghề nghiệp]]　职业病 *[[bệnh nhi]]　病儿 *[[bệnh nhiễm bụi phổi]]　矽肺病 *[[bệnh nhiễm trùng máu]]　败血病 *[[bệnh nổi đơn]] (nổi mày đay)　丹毒 *[[bệnh nóng nẩy]]　急躁病 *[[bệnh phát ban]]　湿疹 湿气 *[[bệnh phù chân]]　脚气病 *[[bệnh phù thũng]]　浮肿病 *[[bệnh quan liêu]]　官僚主义 *[[bệnh sa bìu dái]], [[sa đì]]　疝气 *[[bệnh sa đì]]　小肠疝气 *[[bệnh sài uốn ván]]　破伤风 *[[bệnh sĩ]]　爱面子 *[[bệnh SIDA]]　艾滋病 *[[bệnh sởi]]　麻疹 *Bệnh sốt rét lại nổi cơn.　疟疾又发作了。 *[[bệnh sốt rét]]　疟疾 *[[bệnh sự vụ]]　事务主义 *[[bệnh sưng hòn dái]]　疝气 *[[bệnh sưng vú]]　乳腺炎 奶疮 *[[bệnh tả]]　霍乱 *[[bệnh tái phát]]　复发性疾病 *[[bệnh tâm thần]]　精神病 *[[bệnh tăng nhãn áp]]　青光眼 *[[bệnh tê liệt]]　麻痹症 *[[bệnh tê thấp]]　风湿病 *[[bệnh thần kinh]]　神经病 *[[bệnh than]]　黑热病 *[[bệnh thấp tim]]　风湿性心脏病 *[[bệnh thế]]　病势 *[[bệnh thời khí]]　时气病 *[[bệnh thũng]]　水肿 *[[bệnh thương hàn]]　伤寒病 *[[bệnh tim đau thắt]], [[tim co thắt]]　心绞痛 *[[bệnh tim la]]　花柳病 *[[bệnh tinh hồng nhiệt]]　猩红热病 *[[bệnh tình thuyên chuyển]]　病情好转 *[[bệnh tình]]　病情病况性病 *[[bệnh toi gà]]　鸡瘟 *[[bệnh tràn dịch màng phổi]]　肺水肿 *[[bệnh trạng]]　病状 病态 *[[bệnh trở]]　转症 *[[bệnh trướng bụng]]　鼓胀病 胀气 *[[bệnh tương tư]]　相思病 *[[bệnh tưởng]]　病人的思想负担 *[[bệnh uốn ván]]　破伤风 *[[bệnh vành tim]], [[bệnh động mạch vành]]　冠心病 *[[bệnh về máu]]　血液病 *[[bệnh viêm gan]] B,C　乙肝 丙肝 *[[bệnh viện tâm thần]]　精神病院 *[[bệnh vụn vặt]]　事务主义 *[[bệnh xã hội]]　社会病 *[[bệnh xá]]　医疗所 *[[bệnh xốp xương]]　骨质疏松症 *[[bệnh xương mềm]]　软骨病 *[[bệnh yếu tim]]　心衰 *[[bị bệnh lác]]　生癣 *[[buồng bệnh lây]]　隔离病房 *[[buồng bệnh thường]]　普通病房 *[[buồng khám bệnh]]　疗诊室 *[[cáo bệnh]]　告病 *[[chẩn bệnh]]　诊病 *[[chữa bệnh bằng điện]]　电疗 *[[chữa bệnh bằng ngâm bùn]]　泥疗 *[[chữa bệnh bằng nhiệt]]　热疗法 *[[chữa bệnh bằng phơi nắng]]　日光疗法 *[[chữa bệnh bằng tia phóng xạ]]　放射线疗法 *[[chữa bệnh sa]] (đỳ…)　疝气修补 *[[dịch bệnh]]　疫病 *[[điều trị khỏi bệnh]]　治好病 *[[dụng cụ chẩn đoán bệnh bằng sóng siêu âm]]　超声波诊断仪 *[[giả bệnh]]　假病 *[[giường khám bệnh]]　诊断床 *(thầy thuốc đi) [[khám bệnh]]　出诊 *[[lâm bệnh]]　患病 染病 *[[mắc phải bệnh cúm]]　患了流行性感冒 *[[người bệnh]]　病人 *[[nguyên bệnh học]]　病原学 *[[nhiễm bệnh]]　染病 *[[nhiều bệnh]], [[tập bệnh]]　多发病 *[[nổi bệnh]]　生病 *[[nung bệnh]]　疾病潜伏期 *[[ống chẩn bệnh]]　听诊器 *[[phải bệnh]]　患病 *[[phế bệnh]]　肺病 *[[phòng bệnh]]　病房 防病 *[[phòng khám bệnh]]　门诊室 诊室 *[[phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng thể dục]]　体育疗法 *[[sâu bệnh]]　病虫害 *[[tâm bệnh]]　心病 心疾 *[[tệ bệnh]]　弊病 毛病 *[[thể dục chữa bệnh]]　保健操 *[[thời bệnh]]　季节性流行病 时疫 *[[thời gian ủ bệnh]]　发病前潜伏期 *[[thông bệnh]]　通病 流弊 *[[thuốc phòng bệnh]]　预防药 *[[tí lệ phát bệnh]]　发病率 *[[trắng bệnh]]　苍白 *[[trị bệnh cứu người]]　治病救人 *[[tử bệnh]]　死症 危症 *Ung thư đang là bệnh nan y.　癌症还是一种难治之症 [[Category:待分類的越南語詞]] [[Category:越南語]] f17nql94nt2iw3udz7v9uzpwybmid0i 9800615 9800614 2026-05-30T07:59:07Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800615 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|病}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|cls=[[cơn]], [[căn]]}} # [[病]] ===例=== *[[bạo bệnh]]　暴病 *[[bệnh ấu trĩ]]　幼稚病 *[[bệnh bạch cầu]]　白血病 *[[bệnh bạch điến]]　白癜风 *[[bệnh bạch hầu]]　白喉 *[[bệnh bẩm sinh]]　先天病 *[[bệnh căn]]　病根 *[[bệnh cấp tính]]　急性病 *[[bệnh chai chân]]　鸡眼 *[[bệnh chó dại]]　狂犬病 *[[bệnh chốc đầu]]　瘌痢头 *[[bệnh cùi]]　麻风 *[[bệnh đã dằn]]　病已痊愈 *[[bệnh đã nhập cốc]].　病已入骨 病入膏肓 *[[bệnh da]], [[ngoài da]]　皮肤病 *[[bệnh dại]]　狂犬病 *[[bệnh đạo ôn]]　稻瘟病 *[[bệnh đau mắt hột]]　砂眼 *[[bệnh đậu mùa]]　天花 牛痘 *[[bệnh dịch hạch]]　鼠疫 *[[bệnh dịch tả]]　霍乱 *[[bệnh gan]]　肝病 *[[bệnh ghen]]　妒忌心 *[[bệnh giang mai]]　梅毒 *[[bệnh giun đũa]]　蛔虫病 锥虫病 *[[bệnh giun kim]]　丝虫病 *[[bệnh giun móc]]　钩虫病 *[[bệnh gù]]　佝偻 *[[bệnh hành phẫu thuật]]　进行手术 *[[bệnh hay lây]]　传染病 *[[bệnh ho]]　咳嗽 *[[bệnh hoại huyết]]　坏血病 *[[bệnh hủi]]　麻风 *[[bệnh hủi]]　麻风病 *[[bệnh kiết lị]]　痢疾 *[[bệnh kín]]　暗疾 花柳 *[[bệnh kín]]　花柳病 *[[bệnh kinh niên]]　慢性病 *[[bệnh ký sinh trùng]]　寄生虫病 *[[bệnh lậu]]　淋病 *[[bệnh lây lan]]　流行病 *[[bệnh liệt dương]]　阳萎 *[[bệnh loạn sắc]]　色盲 *[[bệnh lợn đóng dấu]]　猪丹毒 *[[bệnh mẩn ngứa]]　湿疹 *[[bệnh mề đay]]　风疹块 *[[bệnh nấm da trâu]]　牛皮癣 *[[bệnh nấm ngoài da]]　癣 *[[bệnh nặng]]　重病 *[[bệnh nẻ do lạnh]]　冻疮 *[[bệnh nghề nghiệp]]　职业病 *[[bệnh nhi]]　病儿 *[[bệnh nhiễm bụi phổi]]　矽肺病 *[[bệnh nhiễm trùng máu]]　败血病 *[[bệnh nổi đơn]] (nổi mày đay)　丹毒 *[[bệnh nóng nẩy]]　急躁病 *[[bệnh phát ban]]　湿疹 湿气 *[[bệnh phù chân]]　脚气病 *[[bệnh phù thũng]]　浮肿病 *[[bệnh quan liêu]]　官僚主义 *[[bệnh sa bìu dái]], [[sa đì]]　疝气 *[[bệnh sa đì]]　小肠疝气 *[[bệnh sài uốn ván]]　破伤风 *[[bệnh sĩ]]　爱面子 *[[bệnh SIDA]]　艾滋病 *[[bệnh sởi]]　麻疹 *Bệnh sốt rét lại nổi cơn.　疟疾又发作了。 *[[bệnh sốt rét]]　疟疾 *[[bệnh sự vụ]]　事务主义 *[[bệnh sưng hòn dái]]　疝气 *[[bệnh sưng vú]]　乳腺炎 奶疮 *[[bệnh tả]]　霍乱 *[[bệnh tái phát]]　复发性疾病 *[[bệnh tâm thần]]　精神病 *[[bệnh tăng nhãn áp]]　青光眼 *[[bệnh tê liệt]]　麻痹症 *[[bệnh tê thấp]]　风湿病 *[[bệnh thần kinh]]　神经病 *[[bệnh than]]　黑热病 *[[bệnh thấp tim]]　风湿性心脏病 *[[bệnh thế]]　病势 *[[bệnh thời khí]]　时气病 *[[bệnh thũng]]　水肿 *[[bệnh thương hàn]]　伤寒病 *[[bệnh tim đau thắt]], [[tim co thắt]]　心绞痛 *[[bệnh tim la]]　花柳病 *[[bệnh tinh hồng nhiệt]]　猩红热病 *[[bệnh tình thuyên chuyển]]　病情好转 *[[bệnh tình]]　病情病况性病 *[[bệnh toi gà]]　鸡瘟 *[[bệnh tràn dịch màng phổi]]　肺水肿 *[[bệnh trạng]]　病状 病态 *[[bệnh trở]]　转症 *[[bệnh trướng bụng]]　鼓胀病 胀气 *[[bệnh tương tư]]　相思病 *[[bệnh tưởng]]　病人的思想负担 *[[bệnh uốn ván]]　破伤风 *[[bệnh vành tim]], [[bệnh động mạch vành]]　冠心病 *[[bệnh về máu]]　血液病 *[[bệnh viêm gan]] B,C　乙肝 丙肝 *[[bệnh viện tâm thần]]　精神病院 *[[bệnh vụn vặt]]　事务主义 *[[bệnh xã hội]]　社会病 *[[bệnh xá]]　医疗所 *[[bệnh xốp xương]]　骨质疏松症 *[[bệnh xương mềm]]　软骨病 *[[bệnh yếu tim]]　心衰 *[[bị bệnh lác]]　生癣 *[[buồng bệnh lây]]　隔离病房 *[[buồng bệnh thường]]　普通病房 *[[buồng khám bệnh]]　疗诊室 *[[cáo bệnh]]　告病 *[[chẩn bệnh]]　诊病 *[[chữa bệnh bằng điện]]　电疗 *[[chữa bệnh bằng ngâm bùn]]　泥疗 *[[chữa bệnh bằng nhiệt]]　热疗法 *[[chữa bệnh bằng phơi nắng]]　日光疗法 *[[chữa bệnh bằng tia phóng xạ]]　放射线疗法 *[[chữa bệnh sa]] (đỳ…)　疝气修补 *[[dịch bệnh]]　疫病 *[[điều trị khỏi bệnh]]　治好病 *[[dụng cụ chẩn đoán bệnh bằng sóng siêu âm]]　超声波诊断仪 *[[giả bệnh]]　假病 *[[giường khám bệnh]]　诊断床 *(thầy thuốc đi) [[khám bệnh]]　出诊 *[[lâm bệnh]]　患病 染病 *[[mắc phải bệnh cúm]]　患了流行性感冒 *[[người bệnh]]　病人 *[[nguyên bệnh học]]　病原学 *[[nhiễm bệnh]]　染病 *[[nhiều bệnh]], [[tập bệnh]]　多发病 *[[nổi bệnh]]　生病 *[[nung bệnh]]　疾病潜伏期 *[[ống chẩn bệnh]]　听诊器 *[[phải bệnh]]　患病 *[[phế bệnh]]　肺病 *[[phòng bệnh]]　病房 防病 *[[phòng khám bệnh]]　门诊室 诊室 *[[phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng thể dục]]　体育疗法 *[[sâu bệnh]]　病虫害 *[[tâm bệnh]]　心病 心疾 *[[tệ bệnh]]　弊病 毛病 *[[thể dục chữa bệnh]]　保健操 *[[thời bệnh]]　季节性流行病 时疫 *[[thời gian ủ bệnh]]　发病前潜伏期 *[[thông bệnh]]　通病 流弊 *[[thuốc phòng bệnh]]　预防药 *[[tí lệ phát bệnh]]　发病率 *[[trắng bệnh]]　苍白 *[[trị bệnh cứu người]]　治病救人 *[[tử bệnh]]　死症 危症 *Ung thư đang là bệnh nan y.　癌症还是一种难治之症 j4l7ro17grnk07ft6t1uxembk9gkygo 0 334521 9800612 9042205 2026-05-30T07:57:02Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800612 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-chồng.wav|a=Ho Chi Minh City}} ===释义=== 汉字： 𠽚  𨤯   󰇇 𥔧 重 #丈夫 #叠 #垒 [[Category:待分類的越南語詞]] [[Category:越南語]] hryi600ia0n46dktykk774tg968n4kr 0 338615 9800618 6704952 2026-05-30T08:09:15Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800618 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|[[坦]], [[𡐙]], [[怛]]}} # 地，大地，土地，陆地 h7i0vurcvtvibm6glsxkyig51qxee29 0 447915 9800244 6706192 2026-05-29T22:08:27Z TongcyDai 53191 9800244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"gon"的變體}} ==越南語== {{was fwotd|vi|2026|5月|30日}} [[File:Cafe Đảo cá Koi ng10th9n2022 (Đàn cá) (27).jpg|thumb|[[越南]][[錦鯉]]池中的水[[波紋]]。]] ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|湎}} # {{lb|vi|[[液體]][[表面]]的}} [[漣漪]]，[[波紋]] # {{lb|vi|[[雲]]、[[煙]]或[[蒸汽]]的}} 一[[縷]]，一[[絲]] #: {{coi|vi|không một '''gợn''' mây|沒有'''一絲'''雲}} #* {{quote-web|vi|url=https://hanoimoi.vn/mot-goc-nhin-noi-chon-thien-mon-117377.html|work=Hà Nội mới|author=Hữu Duyên, Quang Anh|title=Một góc nhìn nơi chốn Thiền môn|passage=Bức ảnh bầu trời xanh có chút '''gợn''' mây với nhiều tông màu từ đậm tới nhạt – từ nhạt tới đậm{{nb...}}|translation=有著幾'''縷'''雲彩的藍天畫面，擁有多種色調——從深到淺，又從淺到深——{{nb...}}|year=2006}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb}} # 起[[漣漪]]；起[[波紋]] # {{lb|vi|指情緒}} [[短暫]][[顯露]] #* {{RQ:Nguyen Ngoc Tu CDBT|chapter=Cải ơi|passage=Diễm Thương lạnh lẽo cười, cái mặt nó tỉnh hết biết, kiếm tiền dễ ợt mà chẳng '''gợn''' lên chút đắc ý nào.|translation=艷商冷冷地笑著，臉上完全波瀾不驚——賺錢輕而易舉，沒有'''顯露'''出一絲得意的神色。}} 60v6l5ktw3akmjy90qco9inqffjj0lj 0 562555 9800262 5268578 2026-05-30T02:26:20Z Sayonzei 40728 9800262 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-sino|[[避妊藥]]／[[避姙藥]]}}。 ===發音=== {{ko-IPA|l=y}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hanja=[[避妊藥]]／[[避姙藥]]}} # [[避孕藥]] {{c|ko|生育控制}} r2tq89336w04fnab1gtyjyts3q3fb9p 0 580699 9800221 6774494 2026-05-29T18:46:10Z Fglffer 55252 9800221 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|yomi=kanon,goon}} {{ja-see|避妊}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=피임}} # {{hanja form of|피임|[[避孕]]}} pnblzdtkywfpg77u448xvem7nuvgi09 0 580720 9800205 8509789 2026-05-29T18:05:48Z Fglffer 55252 9800205 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=21}} [[File:Kondom.jpg|250px|thumb|避孕套]] ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=bìyùntào,er=y |c=bei6 jan6 tou3 |mn-t=bi7 hêng6 tao3/bi7 uêng6 tao3 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[避孕]]和防止[[性病]]傳播的[[薄膜]][[套子]] ====同義詞==== {{zh-dial}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|女性避孕套}} ====派生詞==== * {{desc|za|biyindau|bor=1}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|避孕及防止性病傳播的薄膜套子}} * 南非語：{{t+|af|kondoom}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t|sq|prezervativ|m}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|عَازِل ذَكَرِيّ|m}}、{{t|ar|وَاقٍ ذَكَرِيّ|m}}、{{t|ar|كُونْدُوم|m}}、{{t|ar|كَانْدُوم|m}} {{qualifier|口語|方言}}、{{t|ar|عَازِل طِبِّيّ|m}} *: 埃及阿拉伯語：{{t|arz|كوندوم|m|tr=kondom}}、{{t|arz|كاندوم|m|tr=kandom}} *: 摩洛哥阿拉伯語：{{t|ary|جلدة|f|tr=jalda}}、{{t|ary|واقي|m|tr=wāqi}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t+|hy|պահպանակ}}、{{t|hy|գանդոն}} {{qualifier|粗俗}} * 阿斯圖里亞斯語：{{t|ast|condón|m}}、{{t|ast|preservativu|m}} * 阿塞拜疆語：{{t|az|prezervativ}}、{{t|az|kondom}}、{{t|az|qoruyucu}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|kondoi}}、{{t|eu|preserbatibo}} * 白俄羅斯語：{{t|be|прэзерваты́ў|m}}、{{t|be|кандо́м|m}}、{{t|be|начэ́пнік|m}} * 孟加拉語：{{t|bn|কন্ডম}} * 布列塔尼語：{{t|br|stevell|f}}、{{t+|br|tog|m}} * 保加利亞語：{{t+|bg|кондо́м|m}}、{{t+|bg|презервати́в|m}} * 緬甸語：{{t|my|ကွန်ဒုံး}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|preservatiu|m}}、{{t+|ca|condó|m}}、{{t+|ca|condom|m}} * 康沃爾語：{{t|kw|kondom|m}} * 捷克語：{{t+|cs|kondom|m}}、{{t|cs|prezervativ|m}} * 丹麥語：{{t+|da|kondom}}、{{t|da|præservativ}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|condoom|m}}、{{t|nl|capotje|n}}、{{t+|nl|regenjasje|n}} {{qualifier|玩笑話}} * 埃爾夫達利安語：{{t|ovd|tjytågummi|n}} * 英語：{{t+|en|condom}}、{{t+|en|rubber}} {{qual|美國俚語}}、{{t+|en|johnny}}、{{t+|en|French letter}} {{qual|英國俚語}}、{{t+|en|dinger}}、{{t+|en|franger}} {{qual|澳洲俚語}}、{{t+|en|raincoat}}、{{t+|en|jimmy hat}} {{qual|俚語}}、{{t+|en|protection}} {{qual|委婉}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|kondomo}}、{{t|eo|preventilo}}、{{t|eo|penisingo}} * 愛沙尼亞語：{{t+|et|kondoom}}、{{t|et|preservatiiv}}、{{t|et|kumm}} {{qualifier|俚語}}、{{t|et|kandoss}} {{qualifier|俚語}} * 法羅語：{{t|fo|hít|f}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|kondomi}}、{{t+|fi|kortsu}} {{qualifier|口語}}、{{t+|fi|kumi}} {{qualifier|口語}}、{{t+|fi|spärdäri}} {{qualifier|俚語}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|préservatif|m}}、{{t+|fr|capote anglaise|f}}、{{t+|fr|capote|f}} {{qualifier|非正式}}、{{t+|fr|condom|m}} {{qualifier|魁北克}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|preservativo|m}}、{{t+|gl|condón|m}} {{qualifier|口語}}、{{t|gl|profiláctico|m}} * 格魯吉亞語：{{t|ka|პრეზერვატივი}}、{{t|ka|განდონი}} {{qualifier|粗俗}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Präservativ|n}}、{{t+|de|Kondom|n}}、{{t+|de|Präser|m}}、{{t+|de|Pariser|m}}、{{t+|de|Gummi|n}} {{qualifier|口語}}、{{t|de|Fuffzicher|m}} {{qualifier|東部德語|口語}}; {{t|de|Puderdose|f}} {{qualifier|奧地利|口語}} {{g|f}}; {{t|de|Verhüterli|n}} {{qualifier|瑞士|口語}}、{{t|de|Ficktüte|f}} {{qualifier|粗俗}}、{{t|de|Nahkampfsocke|f}} {{qualifier|俚語}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|προφυλακτικό|n}} * 格陵蘭語：{{t|kl|kondomi}}、{{t|kl|usuup-puua}} * 古吉拉特語：{{t|gu|નિરોધ|m}} * 希伯來語：{{t+|he|קוֹנְדּוֹם|m|tr=kondóm}} * 印地語：{{t+|hi|निरोध|m}}、{{t+|hi|कंडोम}} * 匈牙利語：{{t+|hu|óvszer}}、{{t+|hu|kondom}}、{{t|hu|koton}} {{qualifier|口語}}、{{t+|hu|gumi}} {{qualifier|口語}} * 冰島語：{{t+|is|smokkur|m}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|kondom}} * 因特語：{{t|ia|preservativo}}、{{t|ia|condom}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|coiscín|m}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|preservativo|m}}、{{t+|it|profilattico|m}}、{{t+|it|condom|m}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|コンドーム|tr=kondōmu}} * 卡爾梅克衛拉特語：{{t|xal|белгвч}} * 卡納達語：{{t|kn|ಕಾಂಡಮ್}} * 克什米爾語：{{t|ks|कंडोम}} * 卡舒比語：{{t|csb|prezerwatiwa|f}} * 哈薩克語：{{t|kk|үрпекқап}}、{{t|kk|мүшеқап}} * 高棉語：{{t|km|ស្រោមក្ត|tr=sraom kdɑɑ}}、{{t|km|អាវភ្លៀង|tr=aav pliəng}} * 朝鮮語：{{t+|ko|콘돔}} * 吉爾吉斯語：{{t|ky|презерватив}} * 老撾語：{{t|lo|ຖົງຢາງ}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|prezervatīvs|m}} * 立陶宛語：{{t|lt|prezervatyvas|m}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|кондо́м|m}}、{{t|mk|презервати́в|m}}、{{t|mk|курто́н|m}} {{qualifier|粗俗}}、{{t|mk|накурник|m}} * 馬來語：{{t|ms|kondom}} * 馬拉雅拉姆語：{{t+|ml|ഉറ}} * 馬耳他語：{{t|mt|kondo}} * 毛利語：{{t|mi|pūkoro ure}} * 馬拉地語：{{t|mr|निरोध}}、{{t|mr|कॉन्डोम}} * 蒙古語：{{t+|mn|бэлгэвч}} * 納瓦霍語：{{t|nv|akááʼ ałtsoozígíí}} * 諾曼語：{{t|nrf|capote|f}} * 北薩米語：{{t|se|kondoma}}、{{t|se|gumme}} * 挪威語：{{t|no|kondom|m|n}}、{{t|no|gummi|m|n}} {{qualifier|俚語}} * 奧克語：{{t|oc|preservatiu|m}}、{{t|oc|condòm|m}} * 奧吉布瓦語：{{t|oj|biindaʼoojigan}} * 波斯語：{{t+|fa|کاپوت|tr=kâput}}、{{t+|fa|کاندوم|tr=kândom}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|prezerwatywa|f}}、{{t+|pl|kondom|m}} {{qualifier|過時}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|preservativo|m}}、{{t+|pt|camisa-de-vênus|f}}、{{t+|pt|camisinha|f}}、{{t+|pt|capa|f}} (colloquial), {{t+|pt|jeito|m}} * 旁遮普語：{{t|pa|ਨਿਰੋਧ|m}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|prezervativ|n}} * 羅曼什語：{{t|rm|condom|m}}、{{t|rm|preservativ|m}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|презервати́в|m}}、{{t+|ru|кондо́м|m}} {{qualifier|罕用}}、{{t+|ru|гондо́н|m}} {{qualifier|粗俗}}、{{t+|ru|резинка|f}} {{qualifier|口語}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 西里爾字母：{{t|sh|ко̀ндо̄м|m}}、{{t|sh|презерва̀тӣв|m}}、{{t|sh|го̀лдӯн|m}} {{qualifier|口語}} *: 拉丁字母：{{t+|sh|kòndōm|m}}、{{t+|sh|prezervàtīv|m}}、{{t|sh|gòldūn|m}} {{qualifier|口語}} * 西西里語：{{t|scn|prisirvativu|m}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t|sk|prezervatív|m}}、{{t|sk|kondóm|m}} * 斯洛文尼亞語：{{t+|sl|kondọ̑m|m}}、{{t|sl|prezervativ|m}} * 索布語： *: 上索布語：{{t|hsb|kondom|m}}、{{t|hsb|prezerwatiw|m}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|preservativo|m}}、{{t+|es|condón|m}}、{{t+|es|profiláctico|f}}、{{t+|es|goma|f}}、{{t+|es|forro}} {{qualifier|阿根廷}} * 斯瓦希里語：{{t+|sw|kondomu|9/10}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|kondom|c}} * 他加祿語：{{t|tl|kondom}} * 塔吉克語：{{t|tg|презерватив}} * 泰盧固語：{{t|te|కండోం}}、{{t+|te|తొడుగు}}、{{t|te|నిరోధ్}} * 泰語：{{t+|th|ถุงยางอนามัย}}、{{t+|th|ถุงยาง}} * 藏語：{{t|bo|སྲུང་ཤུབས}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|prezervatif}}、{{t+|tr|kondom}} * 土庫曼語：{{t|tk|prezerwatiw}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t|uk|презервати́в|m}}、{{t|uk|кондо́м|m}} * 烏爾都語：{{t|ur|کنڈوم|tr=kaṇḍom}} * 烏茲別克語：{{t|uz|prezervativ}} * 威尼斯語：{{t+|vec|goldon|m}} * 越南語：{{t+|vi|bao cao su}}、{{t|vi|bao dương vật}}、{{t|vi|túi cao su}}、{{t+|vi|áo mưa}} * 沃拉普克語：{{t|vo|tagrodaslivil}} * 瓦隆語：{{t+|wa|capote inglesse|f}}、{{t+|wa|capote|f}}、{{t|wa|cabounete|f}} * 威爾士語：{{t+|cy|condom|m}}、{{t|cy|sach ddyrnu|f}} * 意第緒語：{{t|yi|קאַנדאַם|m}} * 壯語：{{t|za|dauqancienz}}、{{t|za|biyindau}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|生育控制}} cadmww86kcm63gtwa5z9mcfndtl4onq 0 623597 9800222 7543821 2026-05-29T18:48:41Z Fglffer 55252 重定向页面至[[否認]] 9800222 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[否認]] cr2ytn3qdywv2rokw2p4tmrf2kekrpz 0 629387 9800187 9268631 2026-05-29T16:59:46Z Fglffer 55252 9800187 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=后来居上|type=211|lit=後來的在上面}} ===詞源=== 出自《史記·卷一二〇·汲鄭列傳·汲黯》： {{zh-x|陛下 用 群臣 如 積-薪 耳，'''@後 @來''' 者 '''@居 @上'''。|陛下管理大臣們的方式，就像把柴火堆在一起，'''後來'''的人反而'''居上位'''。|ref=Shiji|collapsed=yes}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=hòuláijūshàng |c=hau6 loi4 geoi1 soeng5 |mn=xm:hō͘-lâi-ku-siōng/twk:hō͘-lâi-ki-siōng/twvk:āu-lâi-ki-siāng/twvt:āu-lâi-ku-siōng |mc=y,1,2,2 |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # 形容[[後來]]的人或事物[[超越]]原[[領先]]者 rahbowfaxu5oqrvfxmir8z6wrxmqgi1 0 629389 9800192 8136873 2026-05-29T17:12:13Z Fglffer 55252 9800192 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=后浪推前浪}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=hòulàng tuī qiánlàng |cat=id }} ===俗語=== {{head|zh|俗語}} # 形容[[人事]][[更迭]]，[[不斷]][[前進]] ====同義詞==== * {{zh-l|長江後浪推前浪}} * {{zh-l|後浪催前浪}} 9ruj86nbpgn1x110pbsxmgqo3rry0fl 0 630397 9800210 8155228 2026-05-29T18:16:52Z Fglffer 55252 9800210 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=护谟}} ===詞源=== 來自{{bor|nan-hbl|ja|-}} {{ja-r|護謨|ごむ}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |mn=hō͘-bô͘ |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[橡膠]] ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o,kanyoon|ご|む|ateji=y}} {{ja-see|ゴム}} ===來源=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0002116000|〈護^▲謨〉}} s0iqp65e84u2is3sjjj2ss2dhyicodm 0 650658 9800551 9762468 2026-05-30T04:12:36Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800551 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|cls=cái|[[𡜒]], [[𱛄]], [[𦛊]], [[𦟹]], [[腀]]}} # 意為陰戶，女性生殖器 同義詞：[[bướm]]、[[âm hộ]]、[[bào ngư]] 77i9oe6dstaqp5udez3qwd18536ukeq 0 673697 9800611 6724669 2026-05-30T07:55:30Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800611 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-vợ.wav|a=Hanoi}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-vợ.wav|a=Ho Chi Minh City}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|[[𡞕]], [[𡢼]], [[𱙳]]}} # [[妻子]] ncdwsirjh7ne5q9b0nxx3rluq3hsa2z 0 674022 9800616 6725004 2026-05-30T08:05:46Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800616 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|車|preMC=y||xa}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xe.wav|a=Hanoi}} ====名詞==== {{vi-noun|cls=[[chiếc]], [[con]], [[cỗ]]|車}} # [[車]]，[[汽車]] 06l23xv2emivfslxqmvrouynexoykfq 9800617 9800616 2026-05-30T08:06:06Z Trong Dang 120282 /* 越南語 */ 9800617 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|車|preMC=y||xa}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-xe.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|cls=[[chiếc]], [[con]], [[cỗ]]|車}} # [[車]]，[[汽車]] 1zen821bvo3y4moz96p4esmd7ro1aly 0 676294 9800191 8365874 2026-05-29T17:08:33Z Fglffer 55252 9800191 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=每下愈况}} ===詞源=== 來自《莊子．知北遊》： {{zh-x|正 獲 之 問 於 監市 履 豨 也，每.下.愈.況。|當僕人問市場管理員要如何踩踏豬來檢測肥瘦時，也是從最下方的部位檢測更明顯。|ref=Zhuangzi|collapsed=y}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=měixiàyùkuàng |c=mui5 haa6 jyu6 fong3 |cat=cy }} ===成語=== {{head|zh|成語}} # {{lb|zh|原意|比喻}} 形容從愈[[細微]]處[[考慮]]，[[道理]]愈加[[明顯]] # {{lb|zh|現今常用|通常被認為|_|nonstandard}} {{alt form|zh|每況愈下}} ====參見==== * {{zh-l|監市履狶}}{{gl|同一詞源衍生的成語}} {{Cln|zh|來自《莊子》的成語}} 8858371i72myy6wv6uzcng96npbbkag 0 677228 9800254 6852458 2026-05-29T23:00:05Z Fglffer 55252 9800254 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=迷蒙}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=míméng |cat=a }} ===形容詞=== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # 形容[[景物]][[朦朧]][[不清]] # [[糊塗]]，[[迷糊]] ====同義詞==== * {{s|朦朧不清}} {{qual|書面}} {{zh-l|空濛}} * {{s|糊塗}} {{zh-l|朦朧}}、{{zh-l|智惛}}、{{zh-l|懵懂}} 3014xwgigg43lrbyhorp75gs6bca53t 0 677230 9800265 6852460 2026-05-30T02:31:48Z Sayonzei 40728 重定向页面至[[迷濛]] 9800265 wikitext text/x-wiki #重定向 [[迷濛]] 0pqxf9bwn1n3a0pfpi22gid12eftdz2 0 716530 9800201 5139077 2026-05-29T18:02:47Z Fglffer 55252 9800201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|コム}} ==日語== ===發音=== {{ja-pron|acc=1|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}} ===詞源1=== {{ja-kanjitab|alt=護謨:obsolete}} {{wp|ja:}} {{wp|Rubber}} {{bor+|ja|nl|gom||[[膠]]}}。<ref name="DJR"></ref><ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> ====名詞==== {{ja-noun}} # [[橡膠]] #: {{ja-usex|'''ゴム'''製サンダル|'''ゴム'''-せい サンダル|'''橡膠'''涼鞋}} # {{short for|ja|消しゴム|tr=keshi-gomu||橡皮擦}} # {{short for|ja|ヘアゴム|tr=hea-gomu||髮圈}} # {{lb|ja|slang}} [[保險套]] #: {{syn|ja|コンドーム}} =====派生語彙===== * {{desc|ko|고무|bor=1}} ====參見==== * {{ja-r|ガム}} ===詞源2=== {{wp|ja:[[ゴム (イラン)|ゴム (伊朗)]]}} {{ja-kanjitab}} {{bor+|ja|fa|قم|tr=qom}}。 ====專有名詞==== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{place|ja|城市|c/伊朗|t=庫姆}} # {{place|ja|省|c/伊朗|t1=庫姆}} ===來源=== <references/> {{C|ja|Birth control}} etdcurjjsm3xv5k3h02b67c6ua8a0eo 9800202 9800201 2026-05-29T18:03:43Z Fglffer 55252 /* 日語 */ 9800202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|コム}} ==日語== ===發音=== {{ja-pron|acc=1|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}} ===詞源1=== {{ja-kanjitab|alt=護謨:obsolete}} {{wp|ja:}} {{wp|Rubber}} {{bor+|ja|nl|gom||[[膠]]}}。<ref name="DJR"></ref><ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> ====名詞==== {{ja-noun}} # [[橡膠]] #: {{ja-usex|'''ゴム'''製サンダル|'''ゴム'''-せい サンダル|'''橡膠'''涼鞋}} # {{short for|ja|消しゴム|tr=keshi-gomu||橡皮擦}} # {{short for|ja|ヘアゴム|tr=hea-gomu||髮圈}} # {{lb|ja|slang}} [[保險套]] #: {{syn|ja|コンドーム}} =====派生語彙===== * {{desc|ko|고무|bor=1}} ====參見==== * {{ja-r|ガム}} ===詞源2=== {{wp|ja:[[ゴム (イラン)|ゴム (伊朗)]]}} {{ja-kanjitab}} {{bor+|ja|fa|قم|tr=qom}}。 ====專有名詞==== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{place|ja|城市|c/伊朗|t=庫姆}} # {{place|ja|省|c/伊朗|t1=庫姆}} ===來源=== <references/> {{C|ja|生育控制}} p6mt5ery5n0zr0sb8s8rrtb71tgh31r 9800207 9800202 2026-05-29T18:09:39Z Fglffer 55252 9800207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|コム}} ==日語== ===發音=== {{ja-pron|acc=1|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}} ===詞源1=== {{ja-kanjitab|alt=護謨:obsolete}} {{wp|ja:}} {{bor+|ja|nl|gom||[[膠]]}}。<ref name="DJR"></ref><ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref> ====名詞==== {{ja-noun}} # [[橡膠]] #: {{ja-usex|'''ゴム'''製サンダル|'''ゴム'''-せい サンダル|'''橡膠'''涼鞋}} # {{short for|ja|消しゴム|tr=keshi-gomu||橡皮擦}} # {{short for|ja|ヘアゴム|tr=hea-gomu||髮圈}} # {{lb|ja|slang}} [[保險套]] #: {{syn|ja|コンドーム}} =====派生語彙===== * {{desc|ko|고무|bor=1}} ====參見==== * {{ja-r|ガム}} ===詞源2=== {{wp|ja:[[ゴム (イラン)|ゴム (伊朗)]]}} {{ja-kanjitab}} {{bor+|ja|fa|قم|tr=qom}}。 ====專有名詞==== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{place|ja|城市|c/伊朗|t=庫姆}} # {{place|ja|省|c/伊朗|t1=庫姆}} ===來源=== <references/> {{C|ja|生育控制}} 0jvxd504w81rddy8yc99m8ezq1ct9ph 0 717210 9800204 5472529 2026-05-29T18:04:51Z Fglffer 55252 9800204 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{swp|ja:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|ja|de|Kondom}}，<ref>{{R:Kojien}}</ref>來自{{bor|ja|en|condom}}，<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref>或來自{{bor|ja|fr|condom}}。<ref name="DJR"/> ===發音=== {{ja-pron|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun}} # [[保險套]] ====同義詞==== * {{ja-r|ゴム}} * {{ja-r|スキン}} * {{ja-r|ルーデサック}}；{{ja-r|サック}} * {{ja-r|^フレンチ レター}} ===來源=== <references/> {{C|ja|生育控制}} symwstqbniz7v4x3toc61f5mk327c1c 0 763097 9800559 4823029 2026-05-30T06:03:45Z Sayonzei 40728 9800559 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Auge|-n-|Krankheit}} 源自 {{af|de|Auge|-n-|Krankheit}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈʔaʊ̯ɡn̩ˌkʁaŋkhaɪ̯t]}} * {{audio|de|De-Augenkrankheit.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # {{lb|de|病理學}} [[眼病]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|de |Augenentzündung |Magenkrankheit |Darmkrankheit |Blutkrankheit |Lungenkrankheit |Hautkrankheit}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} 2jq36vjt42bjm2r7l3baa1rzwgj07p0 0 779943 9800646 4838412 2026-05-30T10:11:36Z Sayonzei 40728 9800646 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːm/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinom.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n}} # {{lb|de|病理學}} [[癌]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} nqdqxdxk07wp9kzfglyyavg8xrgl8nk 0 779946 9800639 1831264 2026-05-30T10:10:11Z Sayonzei 40728 9800639 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德语== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːs/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatös.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容词=== {{de-adj}} # [[癌变]]的，癌性的 #: {{syn|de|krebsartig|karzinomatös}} ====变格==== {{de-adecl}} ====相关词==== * {{l|de|Karzinom}} 69ny25rcphzbf81uwi6qnaaqhzweelx 9800640 9800639 2026-05-30T10:10:27Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 形容词 */ 9800640 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德语== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːs/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatös.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容词=== {{de-adj}} # [[癌变]]的，癌性的 #: {{syn|de|krebsartig|krebsig}} ====变格==== {{de-adecl}} ====相关词==== * {{l|de|Karzinom}} aqjtgcs19givgij14urjnl7i44p9tr9 0 780285 9800159 4838445 2026-05-29T15:37:30Z Sayonzei 40728 9800159 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassierer.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyph|de|Kas|sie|rer}} * {{rhymes|de|iːʁɐ|s=3}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[收银员]]；[[出纳员]] #: {{syn|de|Kassier<q:奥地利>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|de |Bankkassierer |Einzahlungskassierer |Hauptkassierer |Mautkassierer |Unterkassierer |Vereinskassierer }} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|de|Kasse}} * {{l|de|kassieren}} * {{l|de|Kassieren}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} 6zor80ckmaq7c3rziehpelwwpl2etto 0 780288 9800162 4838446 2026-05-29T15:37:58Z Sayonzei 40728 9800162 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁəʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassiererin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Kassierer}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} k5nw3400j0rq94zvnhu4rvoarm9jz2e 0 781126 9800114 4850376 2026-05-29T15:20:52Z Sayonzei 40728 9800114 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Schlaf|-los|-ig|-keit}} 源自 {{affix|de|Schlaf|-los|-ig|-keit}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈʃlaːfloːzɪçkaɪ̯t]}} * {{audio|de|De-Schlaflosigkeit.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Schlaf|lo|sig|keit}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f.sg}} # [[失眠]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f.sg}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} 8jkt8o6rnlj5v85ql3ydao650ymcdk3 0 781643 9800141 4850477 2026-05-29T15:30:24Z Sayonzei 40728 9800141 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== [[File:Med Beam Trawl 002.jpg|thumb|right|Ein Schleppnetz.]] ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|schleppen|Netz}} {{af|de|schleppen|Netz}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetz.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n}} # [[拖网]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|de|Schleppnetzfahndung|Schleppnetzfischerei|Schleppnetzantrag}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} {{C|de|捕魚}} 4o4hj6g1mihsmu73rq9oaz4bwjqn9aq 0 789442 9800627 4966435 2026-05-30T10:07:14Z Sayonzei 40728 9800627 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德语== ===词源=== {{af|de|Krebs|-artig}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪç/|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪk/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartig.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartig2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容词=== {{de-adj}} # [[癌变]]的，癌性的 #: {{syn|de|krebsig|karzinomatös}} ====变格==== {{de-adecl}} 9mebnm9v809vn76wzk6c1dqltndkshd 0 789472 9800651 4839993 2026-05-30T10:18:50Z Sayonzei 40728 9800651 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德语== ===词源=== {{af|de|Krebs|Zelle}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌt͡sɛlə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Krebszelle.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名词=== {{de-noun|f}} # [[癌细胞]] ====变格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} 7l1iy4nm3gbivct63mzxb75fqx679k9 0 791698 9800567 4833892 2026-05-30T06:17:19Z Sayonzei 40728 9800567 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Gerste|-n-|Korn}} {{affix|de|Gerste|-n-|Korn}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkorn.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,(e)s,^er}} # {{lb|de|農業}} [[大麥]][[麥粒]] # {{lb|de|醫學}} [[麥粒腫]] #* {{RQ:Mann Zauberberg|page=281|passage=Unter ihrer Schwesternhaube kam spärliches rötliches Haar hervor, ihre wasserblauen, entzündeten Augen, an deren einem zum Überfluß ein in der Entwicklung sehr weit vorgeschrittenes '''Gerstenkorn''' saß, waren unsteten Blicks, die Nase aufgeworfen, der Mund froschmäßig, außerdem mit schief vorstehender Unterlippe, die sie beim Sprechen schaufelnd bewegte.|t=稀疏的红褐色头发从护士帽下露出，她那水蓝色的、红肿的眼睛，其中一只眼睛上还长了一个'''麦粒肿'''，而且发展得非常严重，眼神有些不稳，鼻子上翘，嘴巴像青蛙一样张开，下唇歪斜地撅着，说话时还像铲子一样。}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,(e)s,^er}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} {{C|de|細菌疾病|眼睛}} rerbpkaievsrwb8vz9wolvxojofnqsi 0 794384 9800581 4834320 2026-05-30T06:21:31Z Sayonzei 40728 9800581 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===词源=== {{af|de|Glas|Auge}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasauge.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n}} # [[义眼]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n}} g2y0kvvfoohyj3expux4ofpqeieps9f 0 796115 9800589 4943972 2026-05-30T06:24:28Z Sayonzei 40728 9800589 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|de|Grauer Star}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|grau<t:grey>|Star<t:cataract><id:cataract>}} {{af|de|grau|t1=灰色|Star|id2=cataract|t2=白內障}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ɐ ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauer Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grau]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{lb|de|口語}} {{syn of|de|Katarakt|t=[[白內障]]}} #: {{cot|de|grüner Star}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|[[grau]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} o6mx1coimj58ogozw8m6a2nk052jfoz 0 803088 9800174 4854455 2026-05-29T15:49:01Z Sayonzei 40728 9800174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|taxichauffeur}} ==德語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{compound|de|Taxi|Chauffeur|t1=出租車，計程車|t2=司機}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeur.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # {{lb|de|dated}} [[出租車]]/[[計程車]][[司機]]，[[的哥]] {{qualifier|男性或未指定性別}} #: {{syn|de|Taxifahrer|Taxilenker<q:奧地利>|Taxler<q:主要用於奧地利、巴伐利亞>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} {{C|de|職業}} ==盧森堡語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{compound|lb|Taxi|Chauffeur|t1=出租車，計程車|t2=司機}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|lb|/ˈtɑksiˌʃoːfɐ/}} ===名詞=== {{lb-noun|m}} # [[出租車]]/[[計程車]][[司機]]，[[的哥]] {{qualifier|男性或未指定性別}} {{C|lb|職業}} 5amv5vfixrs7qgjyadof1xhq06wpt9c 0 803097 9800169 4854457 2026-05-29T15:40:52Z Sayonzei 40728 9800169 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Taxi<t:taxi, cab>|Fahrer<t:driver>}} 源自 {{af|de|Taxi|Fahrer|t1=出租車，計程車|t2=司機}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁəʁ/|[ˈtʰaksiˌfaːʁɐ]}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrer.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-at-Taxifahrer.ogg|a=Austria}} * {{rhymes|de|aːʁɐ|s=4}} * {{hyph|de|Ta|xi|fah|rer}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[出租車]]/[[計程車]][[司機]]，[[的哥]] {{qualifier|男性或未指定性別}} #: {{syn|de|Taxichauffeur<q:過時>|Taxilenker<q:奧地利>|Taxler<q:主要用於奧地利、巴伐利亞>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:OWID|253988}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} {{C|de|職業|人}} 2iswoa78qwvk36hcozdpp5jjkttvhz9 0 803100 9800172 4854458 2026-05-29T15:41:14Z Sayonzei 40728 9800172 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Taxifahrer|-in}} {{suffix|de|Taxifahrer|in}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁəʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrerin.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|aːʁəʁɪn|s=5}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Taxifahrer}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} {{C|de|職業}} 1tzks695h93x1en711motmo190t6m04 0 812426 9800145 4844281 2026-05-29T15:31:39Z Sayonzei 40728 9800145 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Natur|Schutzgebiet}} 源自 {{compound|de|Natur|Schutzgebiet}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːt/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebiet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,(e)s}} # [[自然保护区]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,(e)s}} fbcm7359jrhf988ck6jzlwpg5uneg5s 0 813544 9800136 4844470 2026-05-29T15:28:29Z Sayonzei 40728 9800136 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{compound|de|Netz|Werk}}。和{{cog|en|network}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁk/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerk.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,(e)s}} # [[網路]]，[[網絡]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,(e)s}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|Netzwerkkabel}} * {{l|de|Netzwerkanschluss}} * {{l|de|neuronales Netzwerk|g=n}} * {{l|de|Netzwerkverbindung}} * {{l|de|Agentennetzwerk}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|de|Fangnetz}} * {{l|de|Fischernetz}} * {{l|de|Werkstoff}} * {{l|de|Werkstatt}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{pedia|lang=de}} {{C|de|廣播|計算機|網際網路}} nhp868q9fn9q8khjyd5jfqd8kvyygbi 0 818917 9800156 5727012 2026-05-29T15:35:01Z Sayonzei 40728 9800156 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈpaʁkn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-parken.ogg}} * {{audio|de|De-Parken.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Par|ken}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n.sg}} # {{gerund of|de|parken}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n.sg}} ====下位詞==== * {{l|de|Falschparken}}、{{l|de|Schattenparken}} p1xex3oeyxh0jjq5nqn5dyhf8xpdvfb 0 825833 9800573 4847643 2026-05-30T06:18:16Z Sayonzei 40728 9800573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|pupille}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===詞源=== 源自{{der|de|la|pūpillus}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/puˈpɪlə/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Pupille.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Pupille.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # {{lb|de|解剖學}} [[瞳孔]] #: {{syn|de|Schwarzes im Auge<q:口语>}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} s0eqbhp5brstm5duyhfaftf9s9jlrae 0 828809 9800575 4848455 2026-05-30T06:19:12Z Sayonzei 40728 9800575 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Regenbogen<t:rainbow>|Haut<t:skin>}} {{compound|de|Regenbogen|Haut|gloss1=彩虹|gloss2=皮肤}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʁeːɡn̩boːɡn̩ˌhaʊ̯t/}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhaut.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Re|gen|bo|gen|haut}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f,^e}} # {{lb|de|解剖學}} [[虹膜]] #: {{syn|de|Iris}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f,^e}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} 08zb7b0ykhisq0kuigok4krz9fcnpj6 0 886170 9800622 7678249 2026-05-30T09:52:30Z Hzy980512 19278 9800622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|a caso}} ==葡萄牙语== ===词源=== {{bor+|pt|la|[[ā]] [[cāsū]]}}。 ===发音=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-acaso.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{rhymes|pt|azu|s=3}} * {{hyphenation|pt|a|ca|so}} ===副词=== {{pt-adv|hascomp=no}} # [[偶然]] # [[可能]] ===名词=== {{pt-noun|m}} # [[偶然]]；[[好运]] #: {{uxi|pt|um '''acaso''' feliz|'''幸运'''的偶然}} ====相关词汇==== * {{l|pt|por acaso}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西班牙语== ===词源=== 源自{{m|es|caso}}。 ===发音=== {{es-pr}} ===副词=== {{es-adv}} # [[可能]]；[[难道]] #: {{syn|es|quizás}} #* {{quote-video game|es|date=November 18 2022|developer=w:Game Freak|title=w:es:Pokémon Scarlet and Violet|speaker=a Team Star Grunt|passage=Será una broma, ¿no? ¿'''Acaso''' tengo cara del tutorial?|}} ====用法说明==== 见 {{m|es|quizás#用法说明|quizás}}。 ====衍生词汇==== {{col|es|por si acaso}} ====延伸阅读==== * {{R:es:DRAE}} sck6kiplldbdq8bfdv0chky9kjnxnqw 9800626 9800622 2026-05-30T09:59:30Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 副词 */ 9800626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|a caso}} ==葡萄牙语== ===词源=== {{bor+|pt|la|[[ā]] [[cāsū]]}}。 ===发音=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-acaso.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{rhymes|pt|azu|s=3}} * {{hyphenation|pt|a|ca|so}} ===副词=== {{pt-adv|hascomp=no}} # [[偶然]] # [[可能]] ===名词=== {{pt-noun|m}} # [[偶然]]；[[好运]] #: {{uxi|pt|um '''acaso''' feliz|'''幸运'''的偶然}} ====相关词汇==== * {{l|pt|por acaso}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西班牙语== ===词源=== 源自{{m|es|caso}}。 ===发音=== {{es-pr}} ===副词=== {{es-adv}} # [[可能]]；[[难道]] #: {{syn|es|quizás}} #* {{quote-video game|es|date=November 18 2022|developer=w:Game Freak|title=w:宝可梦 朱／紫|speaker=a Team Star Grunt|passage=Será una broma, ¿no? ¿'''Acaso''' tengo cara del tutorial?|t=这一定是开玩笑吧？我'''难道'''看起来像教程里那样吗？}} ====用法说明==== 见 {{m|es|quizás#用法说明|quizás}}。 ====衍生词汇==== {{col|es|por si acaso}} ====延伸阅读==== * {{R:es:DRAE}} 37wl2lduh842fdll2nwtabkwbqsow4m 0 909988 9800288 8574924 2026-05-30T03:28:08Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800288 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=初级}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=chūjí |ma=Zh-chují.ogg |c=co1 kap1 |h=pfs=n:chhû-kip/s:chhû-khip;gd=ci1 kib5 |mn=chho͘-kip/qz:chho͘-khip/zz:chhe-kip |mn-t=co1 kib4 |cat=a}} ===釋義=== # {{lb|zh|attributive}} {{rfdef|zh}} ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} * 俄语：[[первая]] [[ступень]]; [[первая]] [[инстанция]]; [[первый]], [[первичный]] {{翻译-底}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しょ|きゅう|yomi=goon,kanon}} 初級【しょきゅう】 # 初級。 初級中学 初级中学。 [[Category:日语]] ivivus2g27gelzuo6102ockxc9ocntl 0 917439 9800605 9534474 2026-05-30T07:10:32Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800605 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{was wotd|2025|4月|4日}} {{zh-forms|alt=淸明-舊字形}} ===詞源=== 來自{{och-l|清|清澈；純粹}} + {{och-l|明|明亮}}。可在《{{w|詩經}}》（(統治)有條理，整齊）、《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}》（(水) 清澈而透亮）、 《{{w|禮記}}》（未醉，平靜；(聲音) 明亮）、《{{w|逸周書}}》（(日子) 節氣之一，來自清澈、明亮的風景）、《{{w|國語 (書)|國語}}》（往東南的風）等找到相關詞語解釋。 ===發音1=== {{zh-pron |m=qīngmíng |m-s=qin1min2 |c=cing1 ming4 |h=pfs=chhîn-mìn;hrs=h:cinˋ min |mn=chheng-bêng |mn-t=cêng1 mêng5 |px=pt,xy:cing1 ming2 |w=sh:1chin min6;jx:1chin min2 |mc=y |oc=y |cat=a }} ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # [[清澈]][[明淨]] #* {{zh-x|則 湛濁 在 下 而 清明 在 上，則 足以 見 鬒眉 而 察理 矣。||CL|ref=《[[s:荀子/解蔽篇|荀子．解蔽]]》}} # [[精神]][[清朗]] #* {{zh-x|夫{fú} 人主 之 聽 治 也，清明 而 不 暗，虛心 而 弱 志。||CL|ref=《[[s:淮南子/主術訓|淮南子·卷九·主術訓]]》}} #* {{zh-x|一夕，病勢 突 覺 銳 減，嗽 亦 間 作，神志 清明 如 曩日。||CL|ref=1913年，{{w|徐枕亞}}《[[s:玉梨魂/第26章|玉梨魂·第二十六章]]》}} # [[聲音]]清澈[[響亮]] #* {{zh-x|鼓角 清明 如 戰壘，梧桐 搖\揺{yáo} 落 似 貧居。||CL|ref=唐·{{w|羊士諤}}《[[s:郡中即事三首|郡中即事三首]]》}} # {{lb|zh|政治或管理}} [[天下]][[太平]]，[[政治]]有[[法度]] #* {{zh-x|即位 三十 年，四夷 賓服，百姓 家給，政教 清明。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷022|漢書．卷二十二．禮樂志第二]]》}} =====同義詞===== * {{s|政治或管理}} {{qual|書面}} {{zh-l|道明}} =====衍生詞===== {{col3|zh|神志清明|清明河}} ===發音2=== {{zh-wp|zh|yue|hak:Chhîn-mìn|cdo:Chĭng-mìng|nan:Chheng-bêng|wuu}} {{zh-pron |m=Qīngmíng |m-s=Qin1min2 |c=cing1 ming4-2,cing1 ming4 |g=qin1 min |h=pfs=Chhiâng-miàng/Chhîn-mìn;hrs=h:ciangˋ miang;gd=qin1 min2 |j=qing1 ming1 |mb=Chéng-mêng |md=Chĭng-mìng |mn=xm,tp,sx,km,mg,hc:Chhiⁿ-miâ/qz,jj,ph,lk:Chhuiⁿ-miâ/zz:Chheⁿ-miâ/xm,kh,yl,tn,tc:Chheng-bêng |mn_note=Chhiⁿ-miâ/Chhuiⁿ-miâ/Chheⁿ-miâ - 白讀; Chheng-bêng - 文讀 |mn-t=cêng1 mêng5 |px=pt:cia1 mia2/xy:ciann1 mia2 |w=sh:1chin min6;jx:1chin min2 |x=cin1 min2 |mc=y |oc=y |cat=pn }} ====專有名詞==== {{zh-proper noun}} # [[二十四節氣]]之一，每年[[公曆]]4月4日、5日或6日 # {{zh-div|節}} [[清明節]] #* {{zh-x|清明 時節 雨 紛紛，路上 行人 欲 斷魂。|清明節的時候一直下雨，路上的行人感到十分難過。|CL|ref=唐．杜牧〈清明〉}} #* {{zh-x|寒食 清明 失 舊 期，躊躕 搔首 日 沉 西。||CL|ref=元·{{w|耶律鑄}}《[[s:清明 (耶律鑄)|清明]]》}} # {{zh-div|村}} {{place|zh|村|town/萬全|county-level city/洪湖|prefecture-level city/荊州|p/湖北|c/中國}} ====同義詞==== * {{sense|清明節}} {{zh-l|掃墳節}}；{{qual|閩南語}} {{zh-l|三日節}}、{{zh-l|三月節}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|清明菜}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||^せいめい|k=淸明|^청명|Thanh minh|^しーみー}} '''其他'''： * {{desc|id|cengbeng|bor=1}} * {{desc|za|Cingmingz|bor=1}} ====參見==== {{list:Chinese solar terms/zh}} {{C|zh|曆法|節氣|節日}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|めい|yomi=kanon}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|せいめい|acc=0}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|せいめい}} # [[二十四節氣]]之一 ===參見=== {{list:Chinese solar terms/ja}} ==沖繩語== {{ryu-kanjitab|しー|みー|yomi=o}} ===專有名詞=== {{ryu-pos|proper|しーみー}} # [[二十四節氣]]之一 ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===專有名詞=== {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|Thanh minh|[[二十四節氣]]之一}} ===參見=== {{list:Chinese solar terms/vi}} hexelldplp4izy9eykm9nj5hbefkbdh 0 932415 9800607 9130395 2026-05-30T07:18:58Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800607 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|ss=㘫界}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=jìngjiè |c=ging2 gaai3 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Luilui6666-境界.wav |h=pfs=kin-kie |mn=kéng-kài |ma=Zh-jìngjiè.ogg |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[疆界]]，[[疆域]] # [[場所]]，[[地方]] # [[情況]]，[[層次]] #: {{zh-x|沒 想到 短短 一個 月，他 的 廚藝 竟然 已 進步 到 這個 境界！}} ====同義詞==== * {{s|疆界}} {{syn-saurus|zh|疆域}} * {{s|狀況}} {{syn-saurus|zh|所達到的狀況}} ====相關詞==== * {{zh-l|境地}} * {{zh-l|意境}} {{zh-cat|Advanced}} ==日語== ===發音1=== {{ja-kanjitab|きょう|かい|yomi=goon,o}} {{ja-pron|きょうかい|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|きょうかい|hhira=きやうかい}} # [[疆界]]，[[疆域]] ===發音2=== {{ja-kanjitab|きょう|かい|k2=がい|yomi=goon,o}} {{ja-pron|きょうがい|acc=0|acc2=3|acc_ref=DJR}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|きょうがい|hhira=きやうがい}} {{lb|ja|佛教}} # [[能力]]所及的[[範圍]] # [[境遇]]，[[遭遇]]，[[處境]] ===發音3=== {{ja-kanjitab|けい|かい|yomi=kanon,o|alt=経界}} {{ja-pron|けいかい|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|けいかい}} # [[範圍]]；[[疆界]] ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=경계}} # {{hanja form of|경계}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|cảnh giới}} oo1c0ftxigrkf1ecriyo1y7fs92mpjj 0 936184 9800194 8553754 2026-05-29T17:30:01Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800194 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=军队}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=jūnduì |ma=Zh-junduì.ogg |dg=җүн1дуй3 |c=gwan1 deoi6-2 |c-t=gun1 ui5*,gun1 zui5*,gun1 dui5* |h=pfs=n:kiûn-chhui/s:kiûn-tui |mb=gé̤ng-dṳ̄ |md=gŭng-dôi |mn=ml,tw,ph:kun-tūi |mn-t=gung1 dui7 |w=sh:1ciun de |mc=y |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|collective|military}} [[武裝部隊]]的泛稱{{zh-mw|支|個}} #: {{zh-x|統率{shuài} 軍隊}} #: {{zh-x|撤回 軍隊}} ====同義詞==== {{syn-saurus|zh|軍隊}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|地方}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||ぐんたい|군대|quân đội}} {{zh-cat|Elementary}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ぐん|たい|yomi=kan,kanon}} ===發音=== * {{ja-pron|ぐんたい|acc=1|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ぐんたい}} # {{lb|ja|military|sort=ぐんたい}} [[武裝部隊]]的泛稱 ===參見=== * {{ja-r|陸軍|りくぐん}} * {{ja-r|海軍|かいぐん}} * {{ja-r|空軍|くうぐん}} ===來源=== <references/> * {{R:Shogakukan}} {{C|ja|軍事|sort=くんたい'}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=군대}} # {{hanja form of|군대}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|quân đội|}} hn3c4lejymjaqwwwazppzxzraf42l4i 0 949996 9800189 8722789 2026-05-29T17:04:50Z Fglffer 55252 9800189 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=长江后浪推前浪|type=211111}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Chángjiāng hòulàng tuī qiánlàng |c=coeng4 gong1 hau6 long6 teoi1 cin4 long6 |cat=id }} ===俗語=== {{head|zh|俗語}} # 形容[[事物]]不斷[[前進]]、[[替換]] ====同義詞==== * {{zh-l|後浪推前浪}} * {{zh-l|長江後浪催前浪}} * {{zh-l|長江後浪催前浪，一代新人換舊人}} 57t5rmnibmeeiwsi4kwt3165omrszkn 9800258 9800189 2026-05-30T02:24:44Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 漢語 */ 9800258 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=长江后浪推前浪|type=211111}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Chángjiāng hòulàng tuī qiánlàng |c=coeng4 gong1 hau6 long6 teoi1 cin4 long6 |cat=id }} ===俗語=== {{head|zh|俗語}} # 形容[[事物]]不斷[[前進]]、[[替換]] ====同義詞==== * {{zh-l|後浪推前浪}} * {{zh-l|長江後浪催前浪}} * {{zh-l|長江後浪催前浪，一代新人換舊人}} ====相關詞==== * {{zh-l|後浪}} 4duvirybvanyu1uvnguhmh3y51ewh8f 0 961587 9800195 9391759 2026-05-29T17:32:15Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日语 */ 9800195 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=12}} {{zh-wp|zh:二維空間}} ===词源=== {{wasei kango|二%次%元|に%じ%げん|二维}}。 ===发音=== {{zh-pron |m=èrcìyuán |c=ji6 ci3 jyun4 |cat=n }} ===名词=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[二维]] # {{zh-div|世界}} {{lb|zh|ACG}} [[日系]][[动画]][[作品]]内的[[虚构]][[世界]]，有时[[泛指]]任何虚构世界 #* {{zh-x|純情 企鵝 被 戴.綠帽　終於 覺悟 還是 二次元 好|ref=[http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20170524/1125188/]}} ====同类词汇==== {{top2}} * {{zh-l|零次元}} * {{zh-l|一次元}} * {{zh-l|三次元|gloss=现实世界}} * {{zh-l|四次元}} {{bottom}} ====相关词==== * {{zh-l|次元壁}} * {{zh-l|二遊}} {{C|zh|二|幾何學}} ==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|に|じ|げん|yomi=goon,kan,kanon|alt=2次元}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja|2次元}} ===词源=== {{ja-compound|二|に|次%元|-じ%げん}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|にじげん|acc=2|acc_ref=SMK5,DJR,NHK}} ===名词=== {{ja-noun|にじげん}} # [[二维]] #: {{ja-usex|'''二次元'''の平面|'''にじげん''' の へいめん|'''二维'''平面}} # {{lb|ja|引申义|网络俚语}} [[二次元#汉语|二次元]]，[[虚构]][[世界]] #: {{ja-usex|'''二次元'''の[[嫁]]|'''にじげん''' の よめ|'''二次元'''老婆}} #: {{ja-usex|'''二次元'''に恋したペンギン|'''にじげん''' に こいした ペンギン|爱上了'''二次元'''的{{w|葡萄君|企鹅}}|ref=[http://nlab.itmedia.co.jp/nl/articles/1710/14/news029.html]}} ====同类词汇==== {{top2}} * {{ja-r|零%次%元|れい%じ%げん}} * {{ja-r|一%次%元|いち%じ%げん}} * {{ja-r|2.5%次%元|にてんご%じ%げん|rom=ni-ten-go-jigen}} * {{ja-r|三%次%元|さん%じ%げん|现实世界}} * {{ja-r|四%次%元|よ%じ%げん}} {{bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> {{C|ja|二|幾何學}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=이차원}} # {{hanja form of|이차원}} qi1gyf2zyo2jc0xe921cvy3r2sczjbl 0 966536 9800678 4895310 2026-05-30T10:27:03Z Sayonzei 40728 9800678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemioterapią}} ==意大利語== {{wp|it:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|chemoterapia||不常見}} ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|chemio-|terapia}} 源自 {{af|it|chemio-|terapia}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|chèmioterapìa}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # {{lb|it|醫學}} [[化療]] ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|chemioterapico}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Collins}} * {{R:it:DiPI}} * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Garzanti}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|chemioterapìa}} * {{R:it:Treccani|chemioterapìa}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pl|chemoterapia}} ===詞源=== {{intnat|pl}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|adj=chemioterapeutyczny}} # {{lb|pl|醫學|腫瘤學}} [[化療]] ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f|tantum=s}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} ee1o9y29yv50qyfi797mnvk48uqkfrn 0 979964 9800690 5037963 2026-05-30T10:30:24Z Sayonzei 40728 9800690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|terapéutico|terapêutico}} ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|la-new|therapeuticus|t=治療}}，源自{{der|it|grc|θεραπευτικός|t=乐于侍奉的，卑躬屈膝的；彬彬有礼的；谄媚的；细心的；治疗性的，治愈性的}}，源自 {{m|grc|θεραπευτής|t=侍候他人的人}}，源自 {{m|grc|θεραπεύω|t=服從；伺候，服務；治愈}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutico}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # {{lb|it|醫學}} [[治療]]的 #: {{syn|it|terapico}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|it |terapeutica |terapeuticamente |terapia }} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Collins}} * {{R:it:DiPI}} * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Garzanti}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|terapèutico}} * {{R:it:Treccani|terapèutico}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceeioprttu|percuotiate}} 7ze2oapr4j971idwfsyghh2azhswb7j 0 983881 9800223 7781613 2026-05-29T18:51:26Z Fglffer 55252 9800223 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=否认}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=fǒurèn |ma=Zh-fourèn.ogg |c=fau2 jing6 |h=pfs=féu-ngin;hrs=h:feuˊ ngin˖ |mn=qz:hió-līn/tp,xm:hóⁿ-līn/kh,zz:hóⁿ-jīn/xm:hó͘-līn/twvk,zz:hó͘-jīn/twvk:hió-jīm |w=sz:1feu gnin6 |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] ====同義詞==== * {{zh-l|否定}} * {{zh-l|否決}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|承認}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|無可否認}} {{zh-cat|Advanced}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|yomi=on}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにん|acc=0}} {{ja-suru-acc-table|ひにん|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにん}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] ====反義詞==== * {{ja-r|是認|ぜにん}} * {{ja-r|承認|しょうにん}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|ひにん|tr=transitive}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] #: {{ja-usex|[[容疑者]][[は#詞源2|は]][[犯行]][[を#詞源2|を]]'''否認'''[[する|して]][[いる]][[。]]|ようぎしゃ は はんこう を '''ひにん''' して いる。|嫌疑人'''否認'''有嫌疑行為。}} ====活用==== {{ja-suru|ひにん}} ===來源=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0005799100}} * {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=부인}} # {{hanja form of|부인}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|phủ nhận}} 9qvy6dqw56mp2bjheb7r0uzbr3p7hq6 9800266 9800223 2026-05-30T02:33:19Z Sayonzei 40728 9800266 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=否认}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=fǒurèn |ma=Zh-fourèn.ogg |c=fau2 jing6 |h=pfs=féu-ngin;hrs=h:feuˊ ngin˖ |mn=qz:hió-līn/tp,xm:hóⁿ-līn/kh,zz:hóⁿ-jīn/xm:hó͘-līn/twvk,zz:hó͘-jīn/twvk:hió-jīm |w=sz:1feu gnin6 |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] ====同義詞==== * {{zh-l|否定}} * {{zh-l|否決}} ====反義詞==== * {{zh-l|承認}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|無可否認}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|拒絕承認}} * 南非語：{{t|af|ontken}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t+|sq|mohoj}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|نَفَى}} *: 埃及阿拉伯語：{{t|arz|انكر|tr=ankar}} *: 漢志阿拉伯語：{{t|acw|انكر|tr=ankar}}、{{t|acw|جحد|tr=jaḥad}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t+|hy|ժխտել}}、{{t+|hy|հերքել}} * 阿斯圖里亞斯語：{{t|ast|negar}} * 阿塞拜疆語：{{t|az|danmaq}}、{{t|az|inkar etmək}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|ukatu}}、{{t|eu|ezeztatu}} * 白俄羅斯語：{{t|be|адмаўля́ць|impf}} * 保加利亞語：{{t+|bg|отри́чам|impf}}、{{t+|bg|опроверга́вам|impf}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|negar}} * 科摩羅語支： *: 大科摩羅語：{{t|zdj|kadhibisha|alt=ukadhibisha}} * 捷克語：{{t+|cs|popřít}}、{{t|cs|zapřít}}、{{t+|cs|popírat |impf}}、{{t|cs|zapírat |impf}} * 丹麥語：{{t|da|benægte}}、{{t+|da|nægte}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|ontkennen}} * 英語：{{t+|en|deny}}、{{t+|en|repudiate}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|nei}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|kieltää}}、{{t+|fi|kiistää}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|nier}}、{{t+|fr|démentir}} * 弗留利語：{{t|fur|neâ}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|negar}} * 德語：{{t+|de|leugnen}}、{{t+|de|bestreiten}}、{{t+|de|dementieren}} * 哥特語：{{t|got|𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|αρνούμαι}}、{{t+|el|διαψεύδω}} *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|ἀρνέομαι}} * 希伯來語：{{t+|he|הכחיש|tr=hikhkhísh}}、{{t+|he|כָּפַר|tr=kafár}} * 匈牙利語：{{t+|hu|tagad}} * 冰島語：{{t+|is|neita}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|pungkir}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|séan}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|negare}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|否む|tr=inamu}}、{{t+|ja|打ち消す|tr=uchikesu}}、{{t+|ja|否定|tr=hitei suru|alt=否定する}} * 高棉語：{{t+|km|ប្រកែក}} * 朝鮮語：{{t+|ko|부정하다}}、{{t+|ko|부인하다}} * 拉蒂諾語：{{t|lad|inyegar}} * 拉丁語：{{t+|la|negō}}、{{t|la|abnego}}、{{t|la|denego}}、{{t|la|infitior}} * 立陶宛語：{{t|lt|neigti}} * 倫巴底語：{{t+|lmo|negà}} * 馬來語：{{t+|ms|nafi}} * 毛利語：{{t|mi|whawhati}} * 中古英語：{{t|enm|denyen}} * 挪威語： *: 書面挪威語：{{t|nb|benekte}}、{{t|nb|fornekte}} *: 新挪威語：{{t|nn|fornekte}} * 古英語：{{t|ang|wiþsacan}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|negować|impf}}、{{t+|pl|zaprzeczać|impf}}、{{t+|pl|przeczyć|impf}}、{{t+|pl|kwestionować|impf}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|negar}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|nega}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|отрица́ть|impf}}; {{t+|ru|отверга́ть|impf}}、{{t+|ru|отве́ргнуть|pf}}、{{t+|ru|опроверга́ть|impf}}、{{t+|ru|опрове́ргнуть|pf}} * 蘇格蘭蓋爾語：{{t|gd|àicheidh}}、{{t|gd|diùlt}} * 西西里語：{{t+|scn|nigari}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t|sk|popierať|impf}}、{{t|sk|poprieť|pf}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|negar}}、{{t+|es|impugnar}}、{{t|es|[[salir al paso]] [[de]]}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|förneka}} * 泰語：{{t+|th|ปฏิเสธ}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|inkâr etmek}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t|uk|запере́чувати}}、{{t|uk|відкида́ти}} * 威尼斯語：{{t|vec|negar}} * 越南語：{{t+|vi|chối}}、{{t|vi|chối bỏ}} * 沃拉普克語：{{t+|vo|noön}} * 瓦隆語：{{t+|wa|noyî}}、{{t+|wa|disminti}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|Advanced}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|yomi=on}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにん|acc=0}} {{ja-suru-acc-table|ひにん|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにん}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] ====反義詞==== * {{ja-r|是%認|ぜ%にん}} * {{ja-r|承認|しょうにん}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|ひにん|tr=transitive}} # [[拒絕]][[承認]] #: {{ja-usex|[[容%疑%者]][[は#詞源2|は]][[犯行]][[を#詞源2|を]]'''否%認'''[[する|して]][[いる]][[。]]|よう%ぎ%しゃ は はんこう を '''ひ%にん''' して いる。|嫌疑人'''否認'''有嫌疑行為。}} ====活用==== {{ja-suru|ひにん}} ===來源=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0005799100}} * {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=부인}} # {{hanja form of|부인}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|phủ nhận}} 5p41vi8z7ud5zg0sv1l7bo5bv6x3pfu 0 984162 9800216 7718794 2026-05-29T18:40:28Z Fglffer 55252 9800216 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|yomi=kanon,goon|alt=避姙:dated}} {{swp|ja:}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにん|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにん|hhira=ひにん}} # [[避孕]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|避%妊%具|ひ%にん%ぐ}} * {{ja-r|避%妊%薬|ひ%にん%やく}} * {{ja-r|避%妊リング|ひ%にん リング}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|ひにん|hhira=ひにん}} # [[避孕]] #: {{ja-usex|[[妊%娠]]を[[望む|望ま]]ないのなら'''避%妊する'''|にん%しん を のぞまない の なら '''ひ%にん する'''|如果不想懷孕，就要採用'''避孕'''措施'''}} ====活用==== {{ja-suru|ひにん}} ===來源=== <references/> :* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0005851800}} {{c|ja|生育控制|sort=ひにん}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=피임}} # {{hanja form of|피임|[[避孕]]}} o81vhpmd9h5dxnxg8haam2xk4orxm79 0 1086131 9800606 8657060 2026-05-30T07:14:23Z AromaTake 47961 調整來源參數，詳見 https://web.archive.org/web/20000526074207/https://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA000964/html/tosho.htm 9800606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=31|rad=囗|as=10|sn=13|four=|canj=WLGA|ids=⿴囗書}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0220.151|dkj=04829|dj=0452.070|hdz=10724.111|uh=5715|ud=22293}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=𱕸}} ===字源=== {{coinage|zh|杜定友|in=20世紀早期|nat=中國|occ=圖書館學家|w=zh:杜定友|nobycat=1}}，源自{{m|zh|圖}} + {{m|zh|書}} ，字形也可以拆解為{{Han compound|囗|書|ls=ic|no_och=1|no_och1=1|no_och2=1|nocap=1|t1=圍繞|t2=書本}}。 ===發音=== 其官話單音節讀音 ''tuān'' 分別取自{{m|zh|圖書館|tr='''t'''ú sh'''ū''' gu'''ǎn'''}} 三字的聲母、聲調和韻母。 {{zh-pron |m=tuān,túshūguǎn |c= |cat=n }} ====字義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|不常用}} [[圖書館]] ====使用說明==== {{lang|zh|圕}}是現代標準漢語中使用的少數{{w|合文|多音節漢字}}之一，但它從未在中國得到廣泛使用，而常被認為是日本漢字。這個漢字也的確在日本較為常出現，如用於{{ja-r|圕%[[研%究]]|^としょかん% ^けん%きゅう|gloss=圖書館研究}}<ref>{{Cite-web |title=トショカン」という文字 |url=http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA000964/html/tosho.htm |date=2000-05-26 |archivedate=2013-07-02 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130702210149/http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA000964/html/tosho.htm }}</ref><ref>[http://ksbookshelf.com/nozomu-oohara/Nikkei.htm "''Kokuji no sekai, netto ni hiraku''"]</ref> ===參考資料=== <references/> ===延伸閱讀=== * “[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3330 Polysyllabic characters in Chinese writing]”, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130816205222/http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=13 Victor Mair], ''[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log],'' August 2, 2011 * [http://www.singtaonet.com/culture/splend/t20060421_196261.html {{l|zh||“圕”字怎么念？什么意思？谁造的？}}], 2006-04-21 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=NfN0DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA170&dq=%22Du%20Dingyou%22%20%22library%22%20%22japan%22&pg=PA170#v=onepage&q=%22Du%20Dingyou%22%20%22library%22%20%22japan%22&f=false “Early 21st-Century Power Struggles of Chinese Languages Teaching in US Higher Education”, page 170], 2018 ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=囗10}} # {{lb|ja|晦澀}} [[圖書館]] ====讀音==== {{ja-readings |kanyoon=しょ<しよ |kun=としょかん-<としよくわん- }} ===替代形式=== * {{ja-r|𡆥|としょかん}} ===詞源=== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|としょかん}} 參見上方的[[圕#漢語|漢語詞源、使用說明]]章節。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|としょかん|acc=2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|としょかん|hhira=としよくわん}} # {{lb|ja|棄用}} {{abbreviation of|ja|図書館|dot=：|sort=としょかん}} [[圖書館]] #: {{ja-usex|[[w:ja:泉光|泉%光]]『[[w:ja:圕の大魔術師|'''圕'''の大%魔%術%師]]』|^いずみ% ^みつ『'''^としょかん''' の ^だい%ま%じゅつ%し』|泉光「圖書館的大魔法師」{{qualifier|2017 年漫畫}}}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===詞源=== 參見上方的[[圕#漢語|漢語詞源、使用說明]]章節。 ===名詞=== {{ko-hanja|도서관|서}}<ref>http://db.cyberseodang.or.kr/twochar/umga/data/umga_c11c.html#</ref> # {{lb|ko|棄用}} {{abbreviation of|ko|圖書館|dot=：|sort=도서관}}[[圖書館]] ===參考資料=== <references/> b6puob9h7jwc4cun81dozlcfm6a9vpy 9800608 9800606 2026-05-30T07:19:38Z AromaTake 47961 修正[[T:abbreviation of]]參數+調整連結至中文維基百科 9800608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=31|rad=囗|as=10|sn=13|four=|canj=WLGA|ids=⿴囗書}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0220.151|dkj=04829|dj=0452.070|hdz=10724.111|uh=5715|ud=22293}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=𱕸}} ===字源=== {{coinage|zh|杜定友|in=20世紀早期|nat=中國|occ=圖書館學家|w=zh:杜定友|nobycat=1}}，源自{{m|zh|圖}} + {{m|zh|書}} ，字形也可以拆解為{{Han compound|囗|書|ls=ic|no_och=1|no_och1=1|no_och2=1|nocap=1|t1=圍繞|t2=書本}}。 ===發音=== 其官話單音節讀音 ''tuān'' 分別取自{{m|zh|圖書館|tr='''t'''ú sh'''ū''' gu'''ǎn'''}} 三字的聲母、聲調和韻母。 {{zh-pron |m=tuān,túshūguǎn |c= |cat=n }} ====字義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|不常用}} [[圖書館]] ====使用說明==== {{lang|zh|圕}}是現代標準漢語中使用的少數{{w|合文|多音節漢字}}之一，但它從未在中國得到廣泛使用，而常被認為是日本漢字。這個漢字也的確在日本較為常出現，如用於{{ja-r|圕%[[研%究]]|^としょかん% ^けん%きゅう|gloss=圖書館研究}}<ref>{{Cite-web |title=トショカン」という文字 |url=http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA000964/html/tosho.htm |date=2000-05-26 |archivedate=2013-07-02 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130702210149/http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA000964/html/tosho.htm }}</ref><ref>[http://ksbookshelf.com/nozomu-oohara/Nikkei.htm "''Kokuji no sekai, netto ni hiraku''"]</ref> ===參考資料=== <references/> ===延伸閱讀=== * “[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3330 Polysyllabic characters in Chinese writing]”, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130816205222/http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?author=13 Victor Mair], ''[http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/ Language Log],'' August 2, 2011 * [http://www.singtaonet.com/culture/splend/t20060421_196261.html {{l|zh||“圕”字怎么念？什么意思？谁造的？}}], 2006-04-21 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=NfN0DwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA170&dq=%22Du%20Dingyou%22%20%22library%22%20%22japan%22&pg=PA170#v=onepage&q=%22Du%20Dingyou%22%20%22library%22%20%22japan%22&f=false “Early 21st-Century Power Struggles of Chinese Languages Teaching in US Higher Education”, page 170], 2018 ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=囗10}} # {{lb|ja|晦澀}} [[圖書館]] ====讀音==== {{ja-readings |kanyoon=しょ<しよ |kun=としょかん-<としよくわん- }} ===替代形式=== * {{ja-r|𡆥|としょかん}} ===詞源=== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|としょかん}} 參見上方的[[圕#漢語|漢語詞源、使用說明]]章節。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|としょかん|acc=2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|としょかん|hhira=としよくわん}} # {{lb|ja|棄用}} {{abbreviation of|ja|図書館|sort=としょかん}} [[圖書館]] #: {{ja-usex|[[w:zh:泉光|泉%光]]『[[w:zh:圕の大魔術師|'''圕'''の大%魔%術%師]]』|^いずみ% ^みつ『'''^としょかん''' の ^だい%ま%じゅつ%し』|泉光「圖書館的大魔法師」{{qualifier|2017 年漫畫}}}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===詞源=== 參見上方的[[圕#漢語|漢語詞源、使用說明]]章節。 ===名詞=== {{ko-hanja|도서관|서}}<ref>http://db.cyberseodang.or.kr/twochar/umga/data/umga_c11c.html#</ref> # {{lb|ko|棄用}} {{abbreviation of|ko|圖書館|sort=도서관}}[[圖書館]] ===參考資料=== <references/> j19qw92gtjhrb8ruqxjetu1q0ci5av6 0 1106379 9800180 8513436 2026-05-29T15:50:49Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800180 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=物质}} {{百科}} ===詞源=== 最晚自唐代起有書面紀錄。現代普及的用法源自{{bor|zh|ja|-}} {{ja-r|物質|ぶっしつ}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=wù質,tl=y |c=mat6 zat1 |h=pfs=vu̍t-chṳt |md=ŭk-cék |mn=bu̍t-chit |w=5veq tseq |cat=n,a }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 独立存在于人的[[意识]]之外的[[客观]]实在。例如：～运动|～不灭。 # 特指[[金钱]]、[[生活资料]]等：例如～生活|～待遇|～文明。［反义词］[[精神]]。 ===相關詞彙=== *近義詞：[[物]]｜[[物體]]｜[[物品]] *反義詞：[[精神]] *派生詞： *同音詞（現代標準漢語）： *相關詞彙： *常見詞語搭配：～[[享受]]｜～[[財富]]｜～[[生活]]｜[[化學]]～｜[[致癌]]～｜～[[需要]]｜～[[獎勵]] ===形容詞=== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|口語}} [[唯物主義]]的 ===派生詞彙=== {{col3|zh|暗物質|反物質|化學物質|控制物質|物質女|物質條件|物質文明|物質主義|致癌物質|物質波|可孕物質|引發物質|物質建設|物質不滅律|星際物質|物質生活|物質三態|礦物質|純物質|物質的量}} ===派生語彙=== {{CJKV||ぶっしつ|물질|vật chất}} ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *英语：[[objective]] [[reality]], [[matter]], [[substance]]; [[material]] *葡萄牙语：[[objetivo]], [[realidade]], [[matéria]], [[substância]] *俄语：[[материя]], [[вещество]] ([[также]] ''[[физ.]]'', ''[[хим.]]'', ''[[филос.]]''); [[материальный]], [[вещественный]] *韩语：[[물질]](物質). *越南语：[[vật chất]] (物質), [[của cải]] {{翻译-底}} {{zh-cat|物質}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ぶつ|しつ|k1=ぶっ|yomi=kanon}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ぶっしつ|acc=0|dev=3|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ぶっしつ}} # [[#漢語|物質]]；[[物質]]、[[實體]] ====派生詞彙==== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|制癌物質|せいがんぶっしつ}} * {{ja-r|発癌物質|はつがんぶっしつ}} * {{ja-r|反物質|はんぶっしつ}} * {{ja-r|物質界|ぶっしつかい}} * {{ja-r|物質主義|ぶっしつしゅぎ}} {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> :* {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=물질}} # {{hanja form of|물질}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|vật chất}} 59if78ll17u94ubda3f94v1lm31or9w 0 1113132 9800610 8300100 2026-05-30T07:41:09Z P1ayer 5118 /* 名詞 */ 內容擴充 9800610 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|t2=硃砂|alt=朱沙}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūshā |c=zyu1 saa1 |g='jy1 sa1 |h=pfs=chû-sâ |mn=qz,tw,xm:chu-se/zz:chu-see |mn-t=zu1 sa1 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 硫化物類礦物辰砂族{{w|辰砂}}，一種[[紅色]]的[[礦物]]，主要含[[硫化汞]] (HgS) # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述礦物，作為[[藥材]]有清心鎮驚、安神解毒之效 ====同義詞==== {{syn-saurus|zh|朱砂}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|紅色的硫化汞礦物}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t|ar|زِنْجَفْر|m}} * 亚美尼亚语：{{t+|hy|կինաբար}} *: 古亚美尼亚语：{{t|xcl|կինաբարիս}}、{{t|xcl|կինաբառիս}}、{{t|xcl|տինաբառիս}} * 阿萨姆语：{{t|as|হেঙুল}} * 保加利亚语：{{t|bg|киновар|m}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t+|ca|cinabri|m}} * 科普特语：{{t|cop|ⲕⲉⲛⲛⲁⲃⲉⲣⲉⲟⲥ}} * 荷兰语：{{t+|nl|vermiljoen}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t|et|kinaver}} * 芬兰语：{{t|fi|sinooperi}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|cinabre|m}} * 德语：{{t+|de|Zinnober|m}} * 希腊语： *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|τιγγάβαρι|n}} * 古吉拉特语：{{t|gu|હિંગળોક}} * 希伯来语：{{t|he|צינובר|m|tr=tsínober}} * 印地语：{{t|hi|सिंगरिफ़}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t|ga|cionnabar|m}} * 意大利语：{{t+|it|cinabro|m}} * 日语：{{t|ja|辰砂|tr=しんしゃ, shinsha}}、{{t|ja|辰沙|tr=しんしゃ, shinsha}}、{{t|ja|朱砂|tr=すさ, susa}}、{{t|ja|丹砂|tr=たんさ, tansa}}、{{t|ja|丹朱|tr=たんしゅ, tanshu}}、{{t+|ja|丹|tr=たん, tan}}、{{t+|ja|朱|tr=しゅ, shu}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|진사(辰砂)}} * 拉丁语：{{t|la|anthrax}} * 挪威语：{{t+|no|sinober|m}} * 波斯语：{{t+|fa|شنگرف|tr=šangarf}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|cynober|m}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t|pt|cinabre|m}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t+|ro|cinabru|n}}、{{t+|ro|chinovar|n}}、{{t+|ro|vermillon|n}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|ки́новарь|f}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语：{{t+|sh|cinabarit}} * 西班牙语：{{t+|es|cinabrio|m}} * 泰语：{{t+|th|ชาด}} * 土耳其语：{{t+|tr|zincifre}}、{{t+|tr|sülüğen}} * 乌克兰语：{{t+|uk|кі́нова́р|m}}、{{t|uk|цино́бра|f}} * 越南语：{{t|vi|chu sa}} * 中阿拉斯加尤皮克语：{{t|esu|al'tuutaq}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|礦物}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|しゃ|yomi=on}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|しゅしゃ}} # [[#漢語|朱砂]] ====同義詞==== * {{ja-r|辰砂|しんしゃ}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=주사}} # {{hanja form of|주사}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|chu sa}} r0wsu5ue7ere4dg57unibx5ooz87bvp 9800623 9800610 2026-05-30T09:57:17Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 日語 */ 9800623 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|t2=硃砂|alt=朱沙}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūshā |c=zyu1 saa1 |g='jy1 sa1 |h=pfs=chû-sâ |mn=qz,tw,xm:chu-se/zz:chu-see |mn-t=zu1 sa1 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 硫化物類礦物辰砂族{{w|辰砂}}，一種[[紅色]]的[[礦物]]，主要含[[硫化汞]] (HgS) # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述礦物，作為[[藥材]]有清心鎮驚、安神解毒之效 ====同義詞==== {{syn-saurus|zh|朱砂}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|紅色的硫化汞礦物}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t|ar|زِنْجَفْر|m}} * 亚美尼亚语：{{t+|hy|կինաբար}} *: 古亚美尼亚语：{{t|xcl|կինաբարիս}}、{{t|xcl|կինաբառիս}}、{{t|xcl|տինաբառիս}} * 阿萨姆语：{{t|as|হেঙুল}} * 保加利亚语：{{t|bg|киновар|m}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t+|ca|cinabri|m}} * 科普特语：{{t|cop|ⲕⲉⲛⲛⲁⲃⲉⲣⲉⲟⲥ}} * 荷兰语：{{t+|nl|vermiljoen}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t|et|kinaver}} * 芬兰语：{{t|fi|sinooperi}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|cinabre|m}} * 德语：{{t+|de|Zinnober|m}} * 希腊语： *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|τιγγάβαρι|n}} * 古吉拉特语：{{t|gu|હિંગળોક}} * 希伯来语：{{t|he|צינובר|m|tr=tsínober}} * 印地语：{{t|hi|सिंगरिफ़}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t|ga|cionnabar|m}} * 意大利语：{{t+|it|cinabro|m}} * 日语：{{t|ja|辰砂|tr=しんしゃ, shinsha}}、{{t|ja|辰沙|tr=しんしゃ, shinsha}}、{{t|ja|朱砂|tr=すさ, susa}}、{{t|ja|丹砂|tr=たんさ, tansa}}、{{t|ja|丹朱|tr=たんしゅ, tanshu}}、{{t+|ja|丹|tr=たん, tan}}、{{t+|ja|朱|tr=しゅ, shu}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|진사(辰砂)}} * 拉丁语：{{t|la|anthrax}} * 挪威语：{{t+|no|sinober|m}} * 波斯语：{{t+|fa|شنگرف|tr=šangarf}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|cynober|m}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t|pt|cinabre|m}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t+|ro|cinabru|n}}、{{t+|ro|chinovar|n}}、{{t+|ro|vermillon|n}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|ки́новарь|f}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语：{{t+|sh|cinabarit}} * 西班牙语：{{t+|es|cinabrio|m}} * 泰语：{{t+|th|ชาด}} * 土耳其语：{{t+|tr|zincifre}}、{{t+|tr|sülüğen}} * 乌克兰语：{{t+|uk|кі́нова́р|m}}、{{t|uk|цино́бра|f}} * 越南语：{{t|vi|chu sa}} * 中阿拉斯加尤皮克语：{{t|esu|al'tuutaq}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|礦物}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|しゃ|yomi=on}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|しゅしゃ|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|しゅしゃ}} # [[#漢語|朱砂]] ====同義詞==== * {{ja-r|辰砂|しんしゃ}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=주사}} # {{hanja form of|주사}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|chu sa}} gzyc15gd2blyxfv441acnh8x9ydr4x8 0 1113671 9800553 7468338 2026-05-30T04:55:24Z P1ayer 5118 內容擴充 9800553 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=猪苓}} {{zh-wp}} [[File:Polyporus umbellatus.jpg|thumb]] ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūlíng |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 多孔菌科真菌{{w|豬苓}}（{{taxlink|Polyporus umbellatus|species}}） # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述真菌的乾燥菌核，作為[[藥材]]有利水滲濕之效 nvgkwh4j85d5qdqb384jammcuha4zho 0 1114100 9800555 9234429 2026-05-30T05:02:48Z P1ayer 5118 /* 名詞 */ 內容擴充 9800555 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhúrú |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|中醫學}} 禾本科植物[[青竿竹]]（{{taxlink|Bambusa tuldoides|species}}）、[[大頭典竹]]（{{taxlink|Bambusa beecheyana|species}}）、[[淡竹]]（{{taxlink|Phyllostachys glauca|species}}）的莖稈的乾燥中間層，作為[[藥材]]有清熱化痰、除煩止嘔之效 ===參考資料=== * Nigel Wiseman, "English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Medicine", 1995. {{ISBN|7-5357-1656-3}}. t8rjy4413dwscg5pppndmd4b2l9be6f 0 1334494 9800113 7016826 2026-05-29T15:04:31Z Sayonzei 40728 9800113 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝，而胜于蓝|type=1111121|lit=青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的，而顏色比蓼藍更深}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīng chū yú lán, ér shèng yú lán |ma=LL-Q9192 (cmn)-Assassas77-青出於藍，而勝於藍.wav |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4, ji4 sing3 jyu1 laam4 |cat=prov,cy }} ===諺語=== {{head|zh|諺語}} # {{syn of|zh|青出於藍，而青於藍}} 07igjo4qydhszdkwbiv5cm31qn22u6t 0 1335708 9800694 7017342 2026-05-30T10:57:34Z Popolon 20728 /* 翻譯 */ 9800694 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{百科}} * 简体：<big>'''-{[[电]]}- -{[[饭]]}- -{[[煲]]}-'''</big> * 繁体：<big>'''-{[[電]]}- -{[[飯]]}- -{[[煲]]}-'''</big> ===讀音=== * 汉语拼音：diàn fàn bāo ===翻譯=== {{翻譯-頂}} * {{zh-tw}}：電鍋 * {{en}}：[[rice cooker]]； * {{fr}}：[[autocuiseur]]； * 加利西亚语：[[arroceira]]； {{翻譯-底}} {{CC-CEDICT}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|雨05食04火09]] cf7jtroznvbscx8pejv9kotqsjghg0y 0 1358058 9800303 6037364 2026-05-30T03:35:49Z Sayonzei 40728 9800303 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Bananax47-fouettée.wav|a=阿讓}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|fouetté}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} gcpjwnoztt1zruw5qw1agxqs034tf57 10 1369654 9800620 8356434 2026-05-30T08:47:25Z 解浪 133639 Fix lint errors 9800620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} 本模板会基于[[Module:ru-pron]]自动生成俄语词汇的音标。 {{uses lua|模块:ru-pron}} '''注意：这个模板文档尚不完整。如有问题，请联系[[User:Benwing2]]。''' ==Examples== Most of the time you can just use the regular spelling of the word, with appropriate accent marks. Use an acute accent for primary stress, and a grave accent for secondary stress. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|чи́стить}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|чи́стить}} || {{ru-IPA|чи́стить}} |- | {{l|ru|де́ться}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|де́ться}} || {{ru-IPA|де́ться}} |- | {{l|ru|счастли́вый}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|счастли́вый}} || {{ru-IPA|счастли́вый}} |- | {{l|ru|антите́ло}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|а̀нтите́ло}} || {{ru-IPA|а̀нтите́ло}} |} Use a circumflex to indicate "tertiary stress", i.e. an unstressed syllable where the vowel isn't reduced when it normally would be. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|ха́ос}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|ха́о̂с}} || {{ru-IPA|ха́о̂с}} |} Sometimes you will have to respell a word; this especially happens in borrowed words where written е is pronounced as э. In such cases, use phon=, which causes the respelled form to be displayed. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|ине́ртный|tr=inɛ́rtnyj}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|phon=инэ́ртный}} || {{ru-IPA|phon=инэ́ртный}} |- | {{l|ru|бисексуа́л|tr=bisɛksuál}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|phon=бисэксуа́л}} || {{ru-IPA|phon=бисэксуа́л}} |- | {{l|ru|почу́вствовать}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|phon=почу́ствовать}} || {{ru-IPA|phon=почу́ствовать}} |} Respelling is automatic in genitival -ого and -его, in что and related words, and in the sequences гк and гч. A list of exceptions is maintained where -ого and -его should be pronounced as-is. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|до́брого пути́}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|до́брого пути́}} || {{ru-IPA|до́брого пути́}} |- | {{l|ru|мно́го}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|мно́го}} || {{ru-IPA|мно́го}} |- | {{l|ru|будь что бу́дет}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|будь что бу́дет}} || {{ru-IPA|будь что бу́дет}} |- | {{l|ru|мя́гкий}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|мя́гкий}} || {{ru-IPA|мя́гкий}} |} Certain short words like не, ни, за, до, по, на, etc. are automatically rendered with reduced vowels and attached to the following word, as indicated by <code>‿</code> (similarly, certain words like -то are attached to the preceding word). This linking and vowel reduction won't happen if the word has a stress mark. You can force linking/reduction by explicitly joining words with <code>‿</code>. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|до свида́ния}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|до свида́ния}} || {{ru-IPA|до свида́ния}} |- | {{l|ru|не зна́ю}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|не зна́ю}} || {{ru-IPA|не зна́ю}} |- | {{l|ru|то же}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|то же}} || {{ru-IPA|то же}} |- | {{l|ru|како́й-то}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|како́й-то}} || {{ru-IPA|како́й-то}} |- | rowspan=3|{{l|ru|град идёт}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|град идёт}} || {{ru-IPA|град идёт}} |- | {{temp|ru-IPA|град‿идёт}} || {{ru-IPA|град‿идёт}} |- | {{temp|ru-IPA|гра̂д‿идёт}} || {{ru-IPA|гра̂д‿идёт}} |- | {{l|ru|ни за что́}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|ни за что́}} || {{ru-IPA|ни за что́}} |- | {{l|ru|не́ за что}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|не́‿за‿что}} || {{ru-IPA|не́‿за‿что}} |} Use ӂӂ to indicate that written зж or жж should be pronounced palatalized. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|въезжа́ть}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|въеӂӂа́ть}} || {{ru-IPA|въеӂӂа́ть}} |- | {{l|ru|сожжём}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|соӂӂём}} || {{ru-IPA|соӂӂём}} |} Commas and dashes are rendered as IPA foot boundaries. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|то́ же, что}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|то́ же, что}} || {{ru-IPA|то́ же, что}} |- | {{l|ru|век живи́ — век учи́сь}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|век живи́ — век учи́сь}} || {{ru-IPA|век живи́ — век учи́сь}} |} Gemination can be controlled explicitly using {{para|gem|y}} to force gemination, {{para|gem|n}} to force no gemination, or {{para|gem|opt}} to force optional gemination. Otherwise, sensible defaults will be used; the exact rules are described below. {|class="wikitable" ! Term !! Template call !! Output |- | {{l|ru|гру́ппа}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|гру́ппа|gem=opt}} || {{ru-IPA|гру́ппа|gem=opt}} |- | {{l|ru|оргкомите́т}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|о̀ргкомите́т|gem=y}} || {{ru-IPA|о̀ргкомите́т|gem=y}} |- | {{l|ru|аннота́ция}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|аннота́ция|gem=n}} || {{ru-IPA|аннота́ция|gem=n}} |- | {{l|ru|а́ффикс}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|а́ффикс|gem=n}} || {{ru-IPA|а́ффикс|gem=n}} |- | {{l|ru|жи́зненный}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|жи́зненный}} || {{ru-IPA|жи́зненный}} |- | {{l|ru|заключённый}} || {{temp|ru-IPA|заключённый}} || {{ru-IPA|заключённый}} |} ==Parameters== ; {{para|1}} : Word or phrase, including accent marks. If omitted, defaults to the page name (only useful when the word is one syllable or includes ё, or when {{para|phon}} is used). Can be either in Cyrillic or transliteration. ; {{para|phon}} : Phonological respelling of the word or phrase; use in place of {{para|1}}. If used, this should be Cyrillic. This is used, for example: :* When a written е is pronounced э, as in many borrowed words, such as {{mention|ru|тест||test|tr=tɛst}}; :* When a written ч is pronounced ш, e.g. in {{mention|ru|коне́чно||of course|tr=konéšno}}; :* When a written в is omitted, e.g. in {{mention|ru|почу́вствовать}}; :* When other letters are left out, as in casual pronunciations, such as of {{mention|ru|официа́льный}}. : Do not use in the following situations: :* For indicating gemination or lack thereof; :* For indicating the pronunciation of final -е; :* For г pronounced [ɣ]; :* For зж or жж pronounced palatalized (i.e. as [ʑː]), as in {{mention|ru|въезжа́ть}} or {{mention|ru|дро́жжи}}; :* For indicating the pronunciation of сч, either as [ɕː] or [ɕt͡ɕ]. : Accent marks other than primary (acute) and secondary (grave) are suppressed in the output. ; {{para|noadj}} : Suppress the default transformation of adjectival -го to -во, сегодня to севодня and сегодняшн– to севодняшн-. (Note, there are exceptions for много, немного, лого, лего, сого, ого.) ; {{para|noshto}} : Suppress the default transformation of что to што (and likewise for ничто, чтобы, чтоб). ; {{para|gem}} : If <code>y</code>, force gemination to be preserved in places it otherwise wouldn't. If <code>n</code>, force degemination in places it otherwise would be preserved. If <code>opt</code>, force optional gemination, including in places it wouldn't normally be preserved. Can also include multiple values separated by slashes, one per word. See below. ; {{para|pos}} : Part of speech code for controlling phonological outcomes that depend on the grammatical role of the word or words in question. Can also include multiple values separated by slashes, one per word. Currently used only for final unstressed -е and for words in final -ться or -дься. See below. ; {{para|raw}} : Render the result "raw", e.g. {{ru-IPA|вода́|raw=y}} instead of {{ru-IPA|вода́}}. ; {{para|ann}} : If non-empty, display a boldfaced annotation before the pronunciation. This is intended to display the spelling of the term when there are multiple pronunciations given in the pronunciation section, based off of differently-accented forms. If equal to <code>y</code>, display the result in {{para|phon}} (if specified) or {{para|1}} (although the value in {{para|phon}} is rarely what you want); accent marks other than primary (acute) and secondary (grave) are suppressed in the output. If any other non-empty value, display that value. Example: <code><nowiki>{{ru-IPA|спа́ля̣т|ann=y}}</nowiki></code> displays {{ru-IPA|спа́ля̣т|ann=y}}. ; {{para|bracket}} : Control whether brackets appear around the generated IPA. Default is yes. Use {{para|bracket|n}} to suppress the bracket. ==Part of speech codes== The value of the {{para|pos}} parameter can be either a single part of speech code or a series of such codes separated by slashes. In the former case, the same part of speech applies to all words in a multi-word phrase. In the latter case, there should be as many codes as there are words (otherwise, an error will result, tell you the expected number of words). Rules for counting unmber of words: * Both spaces and hyphens separate words. Hence ка-гэ-бэ is three words. * A comma, en dash (–) or em dash (—) counts as a word. * Two or more words joined by the ‿ sign count as a single word. As mentioned above, part of speech codes are currently only used in two circumstances: * For determining the correct pronunciation of unstressed final -е (which may be pronounced [ə], [e], [ɪ] or [ɨ], depending on part of speech and the preceding letters). * For determining the correct pronunciation of final -ться (which is pronounced unpalatalized in infinitives but palatalized in imperatives). The possible part of speech codes for final -е are: * ''omitted'' or <code>def</code> = Default ([ə] in the ending -ое, else same as <code>mid</code>) * <code>n</code> or <code>noun</code> = Neuter noun in the nominative/accusative (but not ending in adjectival -ое or -ее; those should be considered as adjectives) * <code>pre</code> = prepositional case singular * <code>dat</code> = dative case singular (treated same as prepositional) * <code>voc</code> = vocative case (currently treated as <code>mid</code>) * <code>nnp</code> = noun nominative plural in -е (гра́ждане, боя́ре, армя́не); not adjectival plurals in -ие or -ые, including adjectival nouns (да́нные, а́вторские) * <code>inv</code> = invariable noun or other word (currently treated as <code>mid</code>) * <code>a</code> or <code>adj</code> = adjective or adjectival noun (typically either neuter in -ое or -ее, or plural in -ие, -ые, or -ье, or short neuter in unpaired sibilant + -е) * <code>c</code> or <code>com</code> = comparative (typically either in -ее or sibilant + -е) * <code>adv</code> = adverb * <code>p</code> = preposition (treated same as adverb) * <code>v</code>, <code>vb</code>, <code>verb</code> = verbal ending (usually 2nd-plural in -те); not participle forms, which should be treated as adjectives * <code>pro</code> = pronoun (кое-, какие-, ваше, сколькие) * <code>num</code> = number (двое, трое, обе, четыре; currently treated as <code>mid</code>) * <code>pref</code> = prefix (treated as <code>high</code> because integral part of word) * <code>hi</code> or <code>high</code> = force high values ([ɪ] or [ɨ]) * <code>mid</code> = force mid values ([e] or [ɨ]) * <code>lo</code>, <code>low</code>, <code>schwa</code> = force low/schwa value ([ə]) The possible part of speech codes for final -ться are: * (none) = infinitive, pronounced as [t͡sːə] or [t͡sə] * <code>imp</code> = imperative, pronounced as [tʲ͡sʲsʲə] ==Special symbols== ===Accent marks=== * Indicate primary stress with an acute accent, e.g. е́ or ы́. * Indicate secondary stress with a grave accent, e.g. ѐ or ы̀. * Indicate "tertiary" stress with a circumflex or double grave accent, e.g. е̂ or ы̂ or е̏ or ы̏ (i.e. where a vowel is to be treated as stressed but should not be marked as possessing either primary or secondary stress). * Force the reduced pronunciation of a vowel that would otherwise be stressed (e.g. in a single-syllable word) with a dot above, e.g. е̇ or ы̇. * Force a semi-reduced pronunciation ([ə] or [ɐ], instead of [ɪ]) of я or palatal а with a dot below, i.e. я̣ or а̣. This should be used in noun and verb endings, i.e. third-plural -ят, dative plural -ям, instrumental plural -ями, prepositional plural -ях. ===Special consonants=== * Use h or ɣ to indicate [ɣ] (the voiced fricative pronunciation of the letter г). * Use ӂ to indicate [ʑ] (the soft pronunciation of ж, as in words like {{mention|ru|съе́зжая}}, {{mention|ru|вожжа́}} or {{mention|ru|дро́жжи}}). * Use щч or ɕч to force the pronunciation [ɕt͡ɕ]. By default, some instances of сч are pronounced [ɕt͡ɕ] and some are pronounced [ɕː]; see below. ===Special punctuation=== * Use / to force a syllable boundary before a consonant. This also forces the "long" pronunciation [t͡ss] of тс, and similarly [d͡zz] for дз, and is useful particularly when another consonant follows, because otherwise the "short" pronunciations [t͡s] and [d͡z] would be used. An example is ветслу́жба; if written вѐтслу́жба, the result is {{ru-IPA|вѐтслу́жба|raw=y}}, but if written вѐт/слу́жба, the result is {{ru-IPA|вѐт/слу́жба|raw=y}}. See below for the exact rules of when short and long pronunciations of тс and дз are used. * Use _ between consonants to prevent all assimilations between consonants, including voicing assimilation, palatalization assimilation, consonant reductions (e.g. лнц to нц, стл to сл), etc. * Use (ь) after a consonant to indicate optional palatalization of the consonant. * Use ‿ to force close juncture between words (treat the combination as a single word). Examples: {{temp|ru-IPA|не́‿за‿што}} becomes {{ru-IPA|не́‿за‿што|raw=y}} and {{temp|ru-IPA|гра̂д‿идёт}} becomes {{ru-IPA|гра̂д‿идёт|raw=y}}. * Comma and em/en dashes (– and —) are converted to foot boundaries ( | ). ==Phonological rules== The following sections detail some of the phonological rules used when generating pronunciation. ===Gemination=== Geminated consonants (including cases like зж that become geminated after assimilation) may or may not be rendered with gemination. Use {{para|gem}} to override the defaults, e.g.: # {{temp|ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=y}} becomes {{ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=y|raw=y}} # {{temp|ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=n}} becomes {{ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=n|raw=y}} # {{temp|ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=opt}} becomes {{ru-IPA|да́нный|gem=opt|raw=y}} As an exception, щ is always rendered [ɕː], and ӂӂ is always rendered [ʑː], regardless of {{para|gem}}. The same thing applies to combinations that are pronounced as щ (e.g. some сч, see above), regardless of {{para|gem}}. Optional gemination can also be forced by writing ''C(C)'', e.g. {{temp|ru-IPA|да́н(н)ый}} becomes {{ru-IPA|да́н(н)ый|raw=y}}. By default, gemination is normally preserved: * When occurring directly after the stress and between vowels, except for лл. * In the combinations йя, йе, йи, йьо, йю when occurring directly after the stress and between vowels; these are treated as containing /jj/. * When occurring at the beginning of a word in вв-, сс-, жж-, зз-, шш- and combinations pronounced the same (e.g. сз-). * Whenever the pronunciation [ɕː] (e.g. from щ and initial сч-) and [ʑː] (from ӂӂ) occurs. As mentioned above, this cannot be overridden by {{para|gem}}. * In the combinations жж and зж when occurring between vowels anywhere in a word. * In the combination нн when occurring between vowels before the stress. * In the combination сск when occurring directly after the stress. * At boundaries between certain prefixes and roots (e.g. рас-, раз-, ис-, из-, под-, от-, в-, с-, нис-, низ-, контр-; also the same when additionally prefixed by не-). By default, gemination is normally rendered as optional: * In the combination нн when occurring between vowels after but not directly after the stress: {{temp|ru-IPA|жа́ренный}} becomes {{ru-IPA|жа́ренный|raw=y}}. By default, gemination is normally not preserved in all other circumstances. Note that this includes most occurrences of gemination not between vowels, e.g. {{temp|ru-IPA|финн}} becomes {{ru-IPA|финн|raw=y}}. For multiword expressions, the value of {{para|gem}} can include multiple codes, separated by slashes. For example, <code><nowiki>{{ru-IPA|phon=по̀сттравмати́ческое стрэ́ссовое расстро́йство|gem=y/n/|pos=a}}</nowiki></code> produces {{ru-IPA|phon=по̀сттравмати́ческое стрэ́ссовое расстро́йство|gem=y/n/|pos=a|raw=y}}. There must either be only one code and no slashes (in which case that code applies to all words), or as many codes as there are words. If the default behavior is desired for a particular word, use a blank code, as in the example just given. ===Pronunciation of сч=== сч is sometimes rendered as [ɕt͡ɕ] and sometimes as [ɕː], according to the following rules: # [зж]ч and [сзшж]щ are pronounced [ɕː], like щ. # сч at the beginning of a word and in the sequences счёт and счит is pronounced [ɕː]: hence сча́стье {{ru-IPA|сча́стье|pos=n|raw=y}}, просчёт {{ru-IPA|просчёт|raw=y}}, подсчёт {{ru-IPA|подсчёт|raw=y}}, пересчи́тывать {{ru-IPA|пересчи́тывать|raw=y}}. # Other сч are pronounced [ɕt͡ɕ]. As mentioned above, this can be overridden using щч to force the pronunciation [ɕt͡ɕ], and щ to force the pronunciation [ɕː]. Hence счи́тывать must be written щчи́тывать {{ru-IPA|щчи́тывать|raw=y}}, and несча́стье must be written неща́стье {{ru-IPA|неща́стье|pos=n|raw=y}}. ===Pronunciation of тс, дз, тш, дж=== тс and дз are sometimes rendered with the "short" pronunciations [t͡s] and [d͡z], and sometimes with the "long" pronunciations [t͡ss] and [d͡zz]. тш and дж always use "long" variants. Specifically: # [дт] с and [дт] з across a word boundary use the long pronunciation, as do [дт]/с and [дт]/з with explicitly written slash. # [дт]с + vowel and [дт]з + vowel use the long pronunciation. # [дт]ьс and [дт]ьз use the long pronunciation, with palatalized [tʲ͡sʲ] and [dʲ͡zʲ]. # Word-initial отс-, подс- use the long pronunciation, because there is a morpheme boundary involved. # Other [дт]с and [дт]з use the short pronunciation. # [дт]ш and [дт]ж, including with an intervening ь, always use the long pronunciations [t͡ʂʂ] and [d͡ʐʐ] (possibly with the first part palatalized). <includeonly> [[Category:俄語發音模板|IPA]] </includeonly> jgu1mv8nzzx4w6o752nghg2b5e680k6 828 1369675 9800060 9652311 2026-05-29T11:59:37Z TongcyDai 53191 9800060 Scribunto text/plain local list_to_set = require("Module:table").listToSet local data = {} --[=[ A list of representation types (e.g. /foo/ for phonemic and [bar] for phonetic), given as a table. The key is the opening character, the first value the representation type, and the second value the closing symbol.]=] data.representation_types = { ["/"] = {"phonemic", "/"}, ["["] = {"phonetic", "]"}, ["⫽"] = {"morphophonemic", "⫽"}, ["⟨"] = {"orthographic", "⟩"}, ["-"] = {"rhyme", ""}, } --[=[ A list of convenience inputs for certain representation types. The key is the opening character, and the table is a three-item array consisting of (1) an mw.ustring.gsub pattern which is anchored to the start and end of the string, with a single capture group that excludes the characters to be substituted, (2) a corresponding replacement pattern to be used with the pattern, and (3) the replacement opening character.]=] data.representation_subs = { ["<"] = {"^<(.*)>$", "⟨%1⟩", "⟨"}, ["/"] = {"^//(.*)//$", "⫽%1⫽", "⫽"}, } --[=[ This should list the language codes of all languages that have a pronunciation page in the appendix of the form ''Appendix:LANG pronunciation'', e.g. [[Appendix:Russian pronunciation]]. For these languages, the text "key" next to the generated pronunciation links to such pages; for other languages, it links to the "LANG phonology" page in Wikipedia (which may or may not exist). [[Module:IPA]] is responsible for this linking; see format_IPA_full().]=] data.langs_with_infopages = list_to_set{ "acw", "ady", "ang", "arc", "ba", "bg", "bo", "ca", "cho", "cmn", "cs", "cv", "cy", "da", "de", "dsb", "dz", "egl", "egy", "el", "en", "enm", "eo", "es", "fa", "fi", "fo", "fr", "fy", "ga", "gd", "ghc", "gmh", "gmw-msc", "got", "he", "hi", "hrx", "hu", "hy", "id", "ii", "is", "it", "iu", "ja", "jbo", "ka", "kls", "ko", "kw", "la", "lb", "liv", "lt", "lv", "mdf", "mfe", "mic", "mk", "mns-nor", "ms", "mt", "mul", "my", "nan", "nci", "nl", "nn", "no", "nov", "nv", "pjt", "pl", "ps", "pt", "ro", "ru", "scn", "sco", "sga", "sh", "sl", "sq", "sv", "sw", "syc", "szl", "tg", "th", "tl", "tpw", "tr", "tyv", "ug", "uk", "vi", "vo", "wlm", "yi", "yrl", "yue", "zlw-mas" } --[=[ This should list the diphthongs of a language (in the form of Lua patterns), provided they do *NOT* contain semivowel symbols such as /j w ɰ ɥ/ or vowels with nonsyllabic diacritics such as /i̯ u̯/. For example, list /au/ or /aʊ/, but do not list /aw/ or /au̯/. The data in this table is used to count the number of syllables in a word. [[Module:syllables]] automatically knows how to correctly handle semivowel symbols and nonsyllabic diacritics. Any language listed here will automatically have categories of the form "LANG #-syllable words" generated. In addition, any language listed below under `langs_to_generate_syllable_count_categories` will also have such categories generated. NOTE: There are some additional languages that have these categories. For example: * Thai words have these categories added by [[Module:th-pron]].]=] data.diphthongs = { ["cs"] = { -- [[w:Czech phonology#Diphthongs]] "[aeo]u", }, ["de"] = { "a[ɪʊ]", "ɔ[ʏɪ]", }, ["en"] = { -- from [[Appendix:English pronunciation]] mostly, but /ʌɪ/ is from the OED "[aɑæeɛoɔʌ][ɪi]", "[ɑɒæo]e", "[əɐ]ʉ", "[aɒəoɔæ]ʊ", "æo", "[ɛeɪiɔʊʉ]ə", -- /iə/ is a diphthong in NZE, but a disyllabic sequence in GA. -- /ɪə/ is both a disyllabic sequence and a diphthong in old-fashioned RP. "[aʌ][ʊɪ]ə", -- May be a disyllabic sequence in some or all dialects? }, ["grc"] = { "[aeyo]i", "[ae]u", "[ɛɔa]ː[iu]", }, ["hrx"] = { "aɪ̯", "aʊ̯", "oɪ̯", "eʊ̯", }, ["is"] = { -- [[w:Icelandic phonology#Vowels]] "[aeø][iɪy]", -- Wikipedia is oddly specific about the second element: ei and ai, but øɪ. "[ao]u", }, ["it"] = { "[aeɛoɔu]i", "[aeɛioɔ]u", }, ["lb"] = { "[iu]ə", "[ɜoæɑ]ɪ", "[əæɑ]ʊ", }, ["lt"] = { "ɐɪ", "ɒʊ", "ɛɪ", "ɛʊ", "ʊɪ", "ɔɪ", "ɔʊ", -- Simple diphthongs (unstressed forms) "iɛ", "uɔ", -- Complex diphthongs "ɑˑɪ", "ɑˑʊ", "æˑɪ", "æˑʊ", "oˑɪ", -- Falling tone (acute) "ɐɪˑ", "ɒʊˑ", "ɛɪˑ", "ɛʊˑ", "ʊɪˑ", -- Rising tone (tilde) - lengthened second element -- Note: Mixed diphthongs (e.g., ɐlˑ, æˑn, ʊl, etc.) are omitted since they are inherently monosyllabic }, } --[=[ This should list any languages for which categories of the form "LANG #-syllable words", e.g. [[:Category:Russian 3-syllable words]], should be generated. Do not list languages here if they have an entry above under `data.diphthongs`; such languages are automatically added to this list.]=] local langs_to_generate_syllable_count_categories = list_to_set{ "ar", -- Arabic has diphthongs, but they are transcribed -- with semivowel symbols. "ary", -- Moroccan Arabic has diphthongs, but they are transcribed -- with semivowel symbols. "bg", -- Bulgarian has diphthongs with /j/ and marginally with /w/, -- but these are semivowels. "ca", -- Catalan has diphthongs, but they are generally transcribed using -- /w/ and /j/, so do not need to be listed (see [[w:Catalan language#Diphthongs and triphthongs]]. "eo", "es", -- Spanish has diphthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ etc. "eu", -- Basque has dipthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ and u̯. "fi", -- Finnish has diphthongs, but they are now automatically transcribed with -- the nonsyllabic diacritic "fr", -- French has diphthongs, but they are transcribed -- with semivowel symbols: [[w:French phonology#Glides and diphthongs]]. "hnn", "id", -- Indonesian has diphthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ or /j/ etc. "ka", "kne", "kmr", "ku", "la", -- All diphthongs transcribed with e̯ or /j/ etc. "mk", "ms", -- Malay has diphthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ or /j/ etc. "mt", -- Maltese has diphthongs, but they are transcribed -- with semivowel symbols. "pl", -- No diphthongs, properly speaking; sequences of a vowel and /w/ or /j/ though. "pt", -- Portuguese has diphthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ or /j/ etc. "rsk", -- No diphthongs but there are sequences of vowel and /j/ or /w/. "ru", -- No diphthongs, properly speaking; sequences of a vowel and /j/ though. "sk", -- Slovak has rising diphthongs, /i̯e, i̯a, i̯u, u̯o/, which are probably always spelled with the nonsyllabic diacritic, so do not need to be listed. "sl", -- No diphthongs, properly speaking; sequences of a vowel, /j/ and /w/ though "sq", -- [[w:Albanian language#Vowels]] doesn't mention anything about diphthongs. "szy", -- All diphthongs are transcribed with /j/ or /w/ "tl", -- Tagalog has diphthongs, but they are transcribed with i̯ or /j/ etc "tsg", "ug", -- No diphthongs. } -- Also add languages listed under `data.diphthongs`. for langcode, _ in pairs(data.diphthongs) do langs_to_generate_syllable_count_categories[langcode] = true end data.langs_to_generate_syllable_count_categories = langs_to_generate_syllable_count_categories -- Languages to use the phonetic not phonemic notation to compute syllables counts. data.langs_to_use_phonetic_notation = list_to_set{ "bg", "es", "id", "la", "lt", "mk", "ms", "rsk", "ru", } -- Non-standard or obsolete IPA symbols. data.nonstandard = { --[[ The following symbols consist of more than one character, so we can't put them in the line below. ]] "ɑ̢", "ɔ̗", "ɔ̖", "[?ƍσƺƪƞƛłščžǰǧǯẋⱻʚω∅ØȣᴀᴇⱻQKPT]" } -- See valid IPA characters at [[Module:IPA/data/symbols]]. data.phonemes = {} data.phonemes["dz"] = { "m", "n", "ŋ", "p", "t", "ʈ", "k", "pʰ", "tʰ", "ʈʰ", "kʰ", "t͡s", "t͡ɕ", "t͡sʰ", "t͡ɕʰ", "w", "s", "z", "ɬ", "l", "r", "ɕ", "ʑ", "j", "h", "ɑ", "e", "i", "o", "u", "ɑː", "eː", "ɛː", "iː", "oː", "øː", "uː", "yː", "ɑ˥", "e˥", "i˥", "o˥", "u˥", "ɑː˥", "eː˥", "ɛː˥", "iː˥", "oː˥", "øː˥", "uː˥", "yː˥", "m˥", "n˥", "ŋ˥", "p˥", "k˥", "k̚˥", "w˥", "l˥", "r˥", "ɕ˥", "j˥", ")˥", "ɑ˩", "e˩", "i˩", "o˩", "u˩", "ɑː˩", "eː˩", "ɛː˩", "iː˩", "oː˩", "øː˩", "uː˩", "yː˩", "m˩", "n˩", "ŋ˩", "p˩", "k˩", "k̚˩", "w˩", "l˩", "r˩", "ɕ˩", "j˩", ")˩", ".", ",", "-", } data.phonemes["eo"] = { "a", "b", "d", "d͡ʒ", "d͡z", "e", "f", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "r", "s", "t", "t͡s", "t͡ʃ", "u", "u̯", "v", "w", "x", "z", "ɡ", "ʃ", "ʒ", "ˈ", ".", " ", "-", "u̯", "i̯" } data.phonemes["hy"] = { "ɑ", "b", "ɡ", "d", "e", "z", "ə", "tʰ", "ʒ", "i", "l", "χ", "t͡s", "k", "h", "d͡z", "ʁ", "t͡ʃ", "m", "j", "n", "ʃ", "ɔ", "t͡ʃʰ", "p", "d͡ʒ", "r", "s", "v", "t", "ɾ", "t͡sʰ", "v", "pʰ", "kʰ", "o", "f", "ŋɡ", "ŋk", "ŋχ", "u", "œ", "ʏ", "ˈ", "ˌ", ".", " ", "ː", } data.phonemes["nl"] = { "m", "n", "ŋ", "p", "b", "t", "d", "k", "ɡ", "f", "v", "s", "z", "ʃ", "ʒ", "x", "ɣ", "ɦ", "ʋ", "l", "j", "r", "ɪ", "ʏ", "ɛ", "ə", "ɔ", "ɑ", "i", "iː", "y", "yː", "u", "uː", "eː", "øː", "oː", "ɛː", "œː", "ɔː", "aː", "ɛi̯", "œy̯", "ɔi̯", "ɑu̯", "ɑi̯", "iu̯", "yu̯", "ui̯", "eːu̯", "oːi̯", "aːi̯", "ˈ", "ˌ", ".", " ", "-", } data.phonemes["mt"] = { "m", "n", "p", "t", "k", "ʔ", "b", "d", "ɡ", "t͡s", "t͡ʃ", "d͡z", "d͡ʒ", "f", "s", "ʃ", "ħ", "v", "z", "ʒ", "ɣ", "l", "j", "w", "r", "ɪ", "ɛ", "ɔ", "a", "u", "ɛˤ", "ɔˤ", "aˤ", "əˤ", "ɛˤː", "ɔˤː", "aˤː", "əˤː", "ɪˤː", "iː", "ɪː", "ɛː", "ɔː", "aː", "uː", "ˈ", "ˌ", ".", " ", "‿", "-" } return data j7glgpflo0wkrvrln6uil24xhdxsz7r 828 1369677 9800088 9274485 2026-05-29T12:06:04Z TongcyDai 53191 9800088 Scribunto text/plain local data = {} --[=[ Valid IPA symbols. Currently almost all values of "title" and "link" keys are just the comments that were used in [[Module:IPA]]. The "link" fields should be checked (those that start with an uppercase letter are checked). ]=] --[=[ local phones = {} -- Vowels. phones["i"] = { close = true, front = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["e"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, front = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɛ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, front = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["æ"] = { ["near-open"] = true, front = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["a"] = { open = true, front = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["y"] = { close = true, front = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ø"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, front = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["œ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, front = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɶ"] = { open = true, front = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɪ"] = { ["near-close"] = true, ["near-front"] = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ʏ"] = { ["near-close"] = true, ["near-front"] = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɨ"] = { close = true, central = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ᵻ"] = { ["near-close"] = true, central = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɘ"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, central = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɜ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, central = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɝ"] = { rhotic = true, ["open-mid"] = true, central = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ə"] = { mid = true, central = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɚ"] = { rhotic = true, mid = true, central = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɐ"] = { ["near-open"] = true, central = true, vowel = true, } phones["ʉ"] = { close = true, central = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ᵿ"] = { ["near-close"] = true, central = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɵ"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, central = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɞ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, central = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ʊ"] = { ["near-close"] = true, ["near-back"] = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɯ"] = { close = true, back = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɤ"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, back = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ʌ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, back = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɑ"] = { open = true, back = true, unrounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["u"] = { close = true, back = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["o"] = { ["close-mid"] = true, back = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɔ"] = { ["open-mid"] = true, back = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } phones["ɒ"] = { open = true, back = true, rounded = true, vowel = true, } -- Nasals. phones["m"] = { voiced = true, bilabial = true, nasal = true, } phones["ɱ"] = { voiced = true, labiodental = true, nasal = true, } phones["n"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, nasal = true, } phones["ɳ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, nasal = true, } phones["ɲ"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, nasal = true, } phones["ŋ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, nasal = true, } phones["𝼇"] = { voiced = true, velodorsal = true, nasal = true, } phones["ɴ"] = { voiced = true, uvular = true, nasal = true, } -- Plosives. phones["p"] = { voiceless = true, bilabial = true, plosive = true, } phones["b"] = { voiced = true, bilabial = true, plosive = true, } phones["t"] = { voiceless = true, alveolar = true, plosive = true, } phones["d"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, plosive = true, } phones["ʈ"] = { voiceless = true, retroflex = true, plosive = true, } phones["ɖ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, plosive = true, } phones["c"] = { voiceless = true, palatal = true, plosive = true, } phones["ɟ"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, plosive = true, } phones["k"] = { voiceless = true, velar = true, plosive = true, } phones["ɡ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, plosive = true, } phones["𝼃"] = { voiceless = true, velodorsal = true, plosive = true, } phones["𝼁"] = { voiced = true, velodorsal = true, plosive = true, } phones["q"] = { voiceless = true, uvular = true, plosive = true, } phones["ɢ"] = { voiced = true, uvular = true, plosive = true, } phones["ꞯ"] = { voiceless = true, ["upper-pharyngeal"] = true, plosive = true, } phones["𝼂"] = { voiced = true, ["upper-pharyngeal"] = true, plosive = true, } phones["ʡ"] = { epiglottal = true, plosive = true, } phones["ʔ"] = { glottal = true, plosive = true, } -- Fricatives. phones["ɸ"] = { voiceless = true, bilabial = true, fricative = true, } phones["β"] = { voiced = true, bilabial = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʍ"] = { voiceless = true, ["labial-velar"] = true, fricative = true, } phones["f"] = { voiceless = true, labiodental = true, fricative = true, } phones["v"] = { voiced = true, labiodental = true, fricative = true, } phones["θ"] = { voiceless = true, dental = true, ["non-sibilant"] = true, fricative = true, } phones["ð"] = { voiced = true, dental = true, ["non-sibilant"] = true, fricative = true, } phones["s"] = { voiceless = true, alveolar = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["z"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɬ"] = { voiceless = true, alveolar = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɮ"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʃ"] = { voiceless = true, postalveolar = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʒ"] = { voiced = true, postalveolar = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʂ"] = { voiceless = true, retroflex = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʐ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ꞎ"] = { voiceless = true, retroflex = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["𝼅"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɕ"] = { voiceless = true, ["alveolo-palatal"] = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʑ"] = { voiced = true, ["alveolo-palatal"] = true, sibilant = true, fricative = true, } phones["ç"] = { voiceless = true, palatal = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʝ"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, fricative = true, } phones["𝼆"] = { voiceless = true, palatal = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɧ"] = { voiceless = true, ["palatal-velar"] = true, fricative = true, } phones["x"] = { voiceless = true, velar = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɣ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, fricative = true, } phones["𝼄"] = { voiceless = true, velar = true, lateral = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʩ"] = { voiceless = true, velopharyngeal = true, fricative = true, } phones["χ"] = { voiceless = true, uvular = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʁ"] = { voiced = true, uvular = true, fricative = true, } phones["ħ"] = { voiceless = true, pharyngeal = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʕ"] = { voiced = true, pharyngeal = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʜ"] = { voiceless = true, epiglottal = true, fricative = true, } phones["ʢ"] = { voiced = true, epiglottal = true, fricative = true, } phones["h"] = { voiceless = true, glottal = true, fricative = true, } phones["ɦ"] = { voiced = true, glottal = true, fricative = true, } -- Approximants. phones["ʋ"] = { voiced = true, labiodental = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɥ"] = { voiced = true, ["labial–palatal"] = true, approximant = true, } phones["w"] = { voiced = true, ["labial–velar"] = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɹ"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, approximant = true, } phones["ꭨ"] = { ["velarized or pharyngealized"] = true, voiced = true, alveolar = true, approximant = true, } phones["l"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, lateral = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɫ"] = { ["velarized or pharyngealized"] = true, voiced = true, alveolar = true, lateral = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɻ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɭ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, lateral = true, approximant = true, } phones["j"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, approximant = true, } phones["ʎ"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, lateral = true, approximant = true, } phones["ɰ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, approximant = true, } phones["ʟ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, lateral = true, approximant = true, } -- Flaps. phones["ⱱ"] = { voiced = true, labiodental = true, flap = true, } phones["ɾ"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, flap = true, } phones["ɺ"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, lateral = true, flap = true, } phones["ɽ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, flap = true, } phones["𝼈"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, lateral = true, flap = true, } -- Trills. phones["ʙ"] = { voiced = true, bilabial = true, trill = true, } phones["r"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, trill = true, } phones["𝼀"] = { voiceless = true, velopharyngeal = true, trill = true, } phones["ʀ"] = { voiced = true, uvular = true, trill = true, } phones["ᴙ"] = { voiced = true, pharyngeal = true, trill = true, } -- Clicks. phones["ʘ"] = { bilabial = true, click = true, } phones["ǀ"] = { dental = true, click = true, } phones["ǃ"] = { alveolar = true, click = true, } phones["𝼊"] = { retroflex = true, click = true, } phones["ǂ"] = { palatal = true, click = true, } phones["ʞ"] = { velar = true, click = true, } phones["ǁ"] = { lateral = true, click = true, } -- Implosives. phones["ɓ"] = { voiced = true, bilabial = true, implosive = true, } phones["ɗ"] = { voiced = true, alveolar = true, implosive = true, } phones["ᶑ"] = { voiced = true, retroflex = true, implosive = true, } phones["ʄ"] = { voiced = true, palatal = true, implosive = true, } phones["ɠ"] = { voiced = true, velar = true, implosive = true, } phones["ʛ"] = { voiced = true, uvular = true, implosive = true, } -- Percussives. phones["ʬ"] = { bilabial = true, percussive = true, } phones["ʭ"] = { bidental = true, percussive = true, } phones["¡"] = { sublaminal = true, ["lower-alveolar"] = true, percussive = true, } ]=] local u = require("Module:string/char") data[1] = { -- PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- nasal ["m"] = { title = "bilabial nasal", link = "w:Bilabial nasal", }, ["ɱ"] = { title = "labiodental nasal", link = "w:Labiodental nasal", }, ["n"] = { title = "alveolar nasal", link = "w:Alveolar nasal", }, ["ɳ"] = { title = "retroflex nasal", link = "w:Retroflex nasal", }, ["ɲ"] = { title = "palatal nasal", link = "w:Palatal nasal", }, ["ŋ"] = { title = "velar nasal", link = "w:Velar nasal", }, ["ɴ"] = { title = "uvular nasal", link = "w:Uvular nasal", }, -- plosive ["p"] = { title = "voiceless bilabial plosive", link = "w:Voiceless bilabial stop", }, ["b"] = { title = "voiced bilabial plosive", link = "w:Voiced bilabial stop", }, ["t"] = { title = "voiceless alveolar plosive", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar stop", }, ["d"] = { title = "voiced alveolar plosive", link = "w:Voiced alveolar stop", }, ["ʈ"] = { title = "voiceless retroflex plosive", link = "w:Voiceless retroflex stop", }, ["ɖ"] = { title = "voiced retroflex plosive", link = "w:Voiced retroflex stop", }, ["c"] = { title = "voiceless palatal plosive", link = "w:Voiceless palatal stop", }, ["ɟ"] = { title = "voiced palatal plosive", link = "w:Voiced palatal stop", }, ["k"] = { title = "voiceless velar plosive", link = "w:Voiceless velar stop", }, ["ɡ"] = { title = "voiced velar plosive", link = "w:Voiced velar stop", }, ["q"] = { title = "voiceless uvular plosive", link = "w:Voiceless uvular stop", }, ["ɢ"] = { title = "voiced uvular plosive", link = "w:Voiced uvular stop", }, ["ʡ"] = { title = "epiglottal plosive", link = "w:Epiglottal stop", }, ["ʔ"] = { title = "glottal stop", link = "w:Glottal stop", }, -- fricative ["ɸ"] = { title = "voiceless bilabial fricative", link = "w:Voiceless bilabial fricative", }, ["β"] = { title = "voiced bilabial fricative", link = "w:Voiced bilabial fricative", }, ["f"] = { title = "voiceless labiodental fricative", link = "w:Voiceless labiodental fricative", }, ["v"] = { title = "voiced labiodental fricative", link = "w:Voiced labiodental fricative", }, ["θ"] = { title = "voiceless dental fricative", link = "w:Voiceless dental fricative", }, ["ð"] = { title = "voiced dental fricative", link = "w:Voiced dental fricative", }, ["s"] = { title = "voiceless alveolar fricative", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar fricative", }, ["z"] = { title = "voiced alveolar fricative", link = "w:Voiced alveolar fricative", }, ["ʃ"] = { title = "voiceless postalveolar fricative", link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant", }, ["ʒ"] = { title = "voiced postalveolar fricative", link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant", }, ["ʂ"] = { title = "voiceless retroflex fricative", link = "w:Voiceless retroflex sibilant", }, ["ʐ"] = { title = "voiced retroflex fricative", link = "w:Voiced retroflex sibilant", }, ["ɕ"] = { title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant", }, ["ʑ"] = { title = "voiced alveolo-palatal fricative", link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant", }, ["ç"] = { title = "voiceless palatal fricative", link = "w:Voiceless palatal fricative", }, ["ʝ"] = { title = "voiced palatal fricative", link = "w:Voiced palatal fricative", }, ["x"] = { title = "voiceless velar fricative", link = "w:Voiceless velar fricative", }, ["ɣ"] = { title = "voiced velar fricative", link = "w:Voiced velar fricative", }, ["χ"] = { title = "voiceless uvular fricative", link = "w:Voiceless uvular fricative", }, ["ʁ"] = { title = "voiced uvular fricative", link = "w:Voiced uvular fricative", }, ["ħ"] = { title = "voiceless pharyngeal fricative", link = "w:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative", }, ["ʕ"] = { title = "voiced pharyngeal fricative", link = "w:Voiced pharyngeal fricative", }, ["ʜ"] = { title = "voiceless epiglottal fricative", link = "w:Voiceless epiglottal fricative", }, ["ʢ"] = { title = "voiced epiglottal fricative", link = "w:Voiced epiglottal fricative", }, ["h"] = { title = "voiceless glottal fricative", link = "w:Voiceless glottal fricative", }, ["ɦ"] = { title = "voiced glottal fricative", link = "w:Voiced glottal fricative", }, -- approximant ["ʋ"] = { title = "labiodental approximant", link = "w:Labiodental approximant", }, ["ɹ"] = { title = "alveolar approximant", link = "w:Alveolar approximant", }, ["ɻ"] = { title = "retroflex approximant", link = "w:Retroflex approximant", }, ["j"] = { title = "palatal approximant", link = "w:Palatal approximant", }, ["ɰ"] = { title = "velar approximant", link = "w:Velar approximant", }, -- tap, flap ["ⱱ"] = { title = "labiodental tap", link = "w:Labiodental flap", }, ["ɾ"] = { title = "alveolar flap", link = "w:Alveolar flap", }, ["ɽ"] = { title = "retroflex flap", link = "w:Retroflex flap", }, -- trill ["ʙ"] = { title = "bilabial trill", link = "w:Bilabial trill", }, ["r"] = { title = "alveolar trill", link = "w:Alveolar trill", }, ["ʀ"] = { title = "uvular trill", link = "w:Uvular trill", }, ["ᴙ"] = { title = "epiglottal trill", link = "w:Epiglottal trill", }, -- lateral fricative ["ɬ"] = { title = "voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", }, ["ɮ"] = { title = "voiced alveolar lateral fricative", link = "w:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative", }, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE --["ɬ̢"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless retroflex lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3 --["ʎ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless palatal lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3 --["ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless velar lateral fricative"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE --["ʟ̝"] = {title = "voiced velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiced velar lateral fricative"}, -- lateral approximant ["l"] = { title = "alveolar lateral approximant", link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant", }, ["ɭ"] = { title = "retroflex lateral approximant", link = "w:Retroflex lateral approximant", }, ["ʎ"] = { title = "palatal lateral approximant", link = "w:Palatal lateral approximant", }, ["ʟ"] = { title = "velar lateral approximant", link = "w:Velar lateral approximant", }, -- lateral flap ["ɺ"] = { title = "alveolar lateral flap", link = "w:Alveolar lateral flap", }, --["ɭ̆"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE --["ɺ˞"] = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE -- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- clicks ["ʘ"] = { title = "bilabial click", link = "w:Bilabial clicks", }, ["ǀ"] = { title = "dental click", link = "w:Dental clicks", }, ["ǃ"] = { title = "postalveolar click", link = "w:Alveolar clicks", }, ["𝼊"] = { title = "subapical retroflex", link = "w:Retroflex clicks", }, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA ["ǂ"] = { title = "palatal click", link = "w:Palatal clicks", }, ["ǁ"] = { title = "alveolar lateral click", link = "w:Lateral clicks", }, -- implosives ["ɓ"] = { title = "voiced bilabial implosive", link = "w:Voiced bilabial implosive", }, ["ɗ"] = { title = "voiced alveolar implosive", link = "w:Voiced alveolar implosive", }, -- NOT IN X-SAMPA ["ᶑ"] = { title = "retroflex implosive", link = "w:Voiced retroflex implosive", }, ["ʄ"] = { title = "voiced palatal implosive", link = "w:Voiced palatal implosive", }, ["ɠ"] = { title = "voiced velar implosive", link = "w:Voiced velar implosive", }, ["ʛ"] = { title = "voiced uvular implosive", link = "w:Voiced uvular implosive", }, -- ejectives ["ʼ"] = { title = "ejective", link = "w:Ejective consonant", }, -- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS ["ʍ"] = { title = "voiceless labial-velar fricative", link = "w:Voiceless labio-velar approximant", }, ["w"] = { title = "labial-velar approximant", link = "w:Labio-velar approximant", }, ["ɥ"] = { title = "labial-palatal approximant", link = "w:Labialized palatal approximant", }, ["ɧ"] = { title = "voiceless palatal-velar fricative", link = "w:Sj-sound", }, -- should be handled in [[Module:IPA]] and not through this table -- BRACKETS --[[ -- ["//"] = { title = "morphophonemic", link = "w:morphophonemic", }, ["/"] = { title = "phonemic", link = "w:phonemic", }, ["["] = { title = "phonetic", link = "w:phonetic", }, ["["] = { title = "phonetic", link = "w:phonetic", }, ["〈"] = { title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", }, ["〉"] = { title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", }, ["⟨"] = { title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", }, ["⟩"] = { title = "orthographic", link = "w:orthographic", }, ]] -- VOWELS -- close ["i"] = { title = "close front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close front unrounded vowel", }, ["y"] = { title = "close front rounded vowel", link = "w:Close front rounded vowel", }, ["ɨ"] = { title = "close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close central unrounded vowel", }, ["ʉ"] = { title = "close central rounded vowel", link = "w:Close central rounded vowel", }, ["ɯ"] = { title = "close back unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close back unrounded vowel", }, ["u"] = { title = "close back rounded vowel", link = "w:Close back rounded vowel", }, -- near close ["ɪ"] = { title = "near-close near-front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel", }, ["ʏ"] = { title = "near-close near-front rounded vowel", link = "w:Near-close near-front rounded vowel", }, ["ᵻ"] = { title = "near-close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:Near-close central unrounded vowel", }, -- (alternative) --TOMOVE --[[ ["ɪ̈"] = { title = "near-close central unrounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central unrounded vowel", }, ]] ["ᵿ"] = { title = "near-close central rounded vowel", link = "w:Near-close central rounded vowel", }, --[[ (alternative) TOMOVE ["ʊ̈"] = { title = "near-close central rounded vowel", link = "w:near-close central rounded vowel", }, ]] ["ʊ"] = { title = "near-close near-back rounded vowel", link = "w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel", }, --close mid ["e"] = { title = "close-mid front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel", }, ["ø"] = { title = "close-mid front rounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid front rounded vowel", }, ["ɘ"] = { title = "close-mid central unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid central unrounded vowel", }, ["ɵ"] = { title = "close-mid central rounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid central rounded vowel", }, ["ɤ"] = { title = "close-mid back unrounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel", }, ["o"] = { title = "close-mid back rounded vowel", link = "w:Close-mid back rounded vowel", }, -- mid ["ə"] = { title = "schwa", link = "w:Schwa", }, ["ɚ"] = { title = "schwa+r", link = "w:R-colored vowel", }, -- open mid ["ɛ"] = { title = "open-mid front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel", }, ["œ"] = { title = "open-mid front rounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid front rounded vowel", }, ["ɜ"] = { title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel", }, ["ɝ"] = { title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel+r", link = "w:R-colored vowel", }, ["ɞ"] = { title = "open-mid central rounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid central rounded vowel", }, ["ʌ"] = { title = "open-mid back unrounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel", }, ["ɔ"] = { title = "open-mid back rounded vowel", link = "w:Open-mid back rounded vowel", }, -- near open ["æ"] = { title = "near-open front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Near-open front unrounded vowel", }, ["ɐ"] = { title = "near-open central vowel", link = "w:Near-open central vowel", }, -- open ["a"] = { title = "open front unrounded vowel", link = "w:Open front unrounded vowel", }, ["ɶ"] = { title = "open front rounded vowel", link = "w:Open front rounded vowel", }, ["ɑ"] = { title = "open back unrounded vowel", link = "w:Open back unrounded vowel", }, ["ɒ"] = { title = "open back rounded vowel", link = "w:Open back rounded vowel", }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS ["ˈ"] = {title = "primary stress", link = "w:Stress (linguistics)", XSAMPA = "\""}, --[[ ["???"] = { title = "extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead", link = "w:extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead", XSAMPA = "" }, --TOMOVE:3 ]] ["ˌ"] = { title = "secondary stress", link = "w:Secondary stress", }, ["ː"] = { title = "long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", }, ["ˑ"] = { title = "half long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", }, ["̆"] = { title = "extra-short", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", }, --[[ ["%."] = { title = "syllable break", link = "w:syllable break", }, ]] --TOMOVE ["‿"] = { title = "linking mark (absence of a break)", link = "w:Tie (typography)#International_Phonetic_Alphabet", }, [" "] = { title = "separator", link = "w:separator", }, -- TONE -- level tones ["˥"] = { title = "top", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["˦"] = { title = "high", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["˧"] = { title = "mid", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["˨"] = { title = "low", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["˩"] = { title = "bottom", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["̋"] = { title = "extra high tone", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["́"] = { title = "high tone", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["̄"] = { title = "mid tone", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["̀"] = { title = "low tone", link = "w:Tone letter", }, ["̏"] = { title = "extra low tone", link = "w:Tone letter", }, -- tone terracing ["ꜛ"] = { title = "upstep", link = "w:Upstep", }, ["ꜜ"] = { title = "downstep", link = "w:Downstep", }, -- contour tones ["̌"] = { title = "rising tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["̂"] = { title = "falling tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷄"] = { title = "high rising tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷅"] = { title = "low rising tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷇"] = { title = "high falling tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷆"] = { title = "low falling tone", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷈"] = { title = "rising falling tone (peaking)", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, ["᷉"] = { title = "dipping", link = "w:Tone (linguistics)", }, -- [extrapolated from the chart -- please confirm] -- intonation ["|"] = { title = "minor (foot) group", link = "w:Prosodic unit", }, ["‖"] = { title = "major (intonation) group", link = "w:Prosodic unit", }, ["↗"] = { title = "global rise", link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)", }, ["↘"] = { title = "global fall", link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)", }, -- DIACRITICS -- syllabicity & releases ["̩"] = { title = "syllabi ", link = "w:Syllabic consonant", withdescender = "̍" }, -- (or "_=" ["̯"] = { title = "non-syllabic", link = "w:Semivowel", withdescender = "̑" }, ["ʰ"] = { title = "aspirated", link = "w:Aspirated consonant", }, ["ⁿ"] = { title = "nasal release", link = "w:Nasal release", }, ["ˡ"] = { title = "lateral release", link = "w:Lateral release (phonetics)", }, ["̚"] = { title = "no audible release", link = "w:No audible release", }, -- phonation ["̥"] = { title = "voiceless", link = "w:Voicelessness", withdescender = "̊" }, ["̬"] = { title = "voiced", link = "w:Voice (phonetics)", }, ["̤"] = { title = "breathy voice", link = "w:Breathy voice", }, ["̰"] = { title = "creaky voice", link = "w:Creaky voice", }, ["᷽"] = { title = "strident", link = "w:Strident vowel", }, -- primary articulation ["̪"] = { title = "dental", link = "w:Dental consonant", }, ["̺"] = { title = "apical", link = "w:Apical consonant", }, ["̻"] = { title = "laminal", link = "w:Laminal consonant", }, ["̟"] = { title = "advanced", link = "w:Relative articulation#Advanced_and_retracted", withdescender = "˖" }, ["̠"] = { title = "retracted", link = "w:Relative articulation#Retracted", withdescender = "˗" }, ["̼"] = { title = "linguolabial", link = "w:Linguolabial consonant", }, ["̈"] = { title = "centralized", link = "w:Relative articulation#Centralized_vowels", XSAMPA = "_\"" }, ["̽"] = { title = "mid-centralized", link = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized_vowel", }, ["̞"] = { title = "lowered", link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered", withdescender = "˕" }, ["̝"] = { title = "raised", link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered", withdescender = "˔" }, ["͡"] = { title = "coarticulated", link = "w:Co-articulated consonant", }, ["͈"] = { title = "strong articulation", link = "w:Fortis and lenis", }, -- secondary articulation ["ʷ"] = { title = "labialized", link = "w:Labialization", }, ["ʲ"] = { title = "palatalized", link = "w:Palatalization (phonetics)", }, ["ˠ"] = { title = "velarized", link = "w:Velarization", }, ["ˤ"] = { title = "pharyngealized", link = "w:Pharyngealization", }, -- also see _e ["ɫ"] = { title = "velarized alveolar lateral approximant", link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant", }, ["̴"] = { title = "velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5", link = "w:Velarization", }, ["̹"] = { title = "more rounded", link = "w:Roundedness", }, ["̜"] = { title = "less rounded", link = "w:Roundedness", }, ["̃"] = { title = "nasalization", link = "w:Nasalization", }, ["˞"] = { title = "rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants", link = "w:R-colored vowel", }, ["̘"] = { title = "advanced tongue root", link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root", }, ["̙"] = { title = "retracted tongue root", link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root", }, } data[2] = { -- TODO --["%("] = {}, --["%)"] = {}, ["ːː"] = { title = "extra long", link = "w:Length (phonetics)", }, ["r̥"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar trill", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar trill"}, ["ɬ’"] = {title = "alveolar lateral ejective fricative", link = "w:Alveolar lateral ejective fricative"}, } data[3] = { ["t͡s"] = {title = "voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar affricate"}, ["d͡z"] = {title = "voiced alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolar affricate"}, ["t͡ʃ"] = {title = "voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", descender = true}, ["d͡ʒ"] = {title = "voiced palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate"}, ["ʈ͡ʂ"] = {title = "voiceless retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiceless retroflex affricate", descender = true}, ["ɖ͡ʐ"] = {title = "voiced retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiced retroflex affricate, descender = true"}, ["t͡ɕ"] = {title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate"}, ["d͡ʑ"] = {title = "voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate"}, ["c͡ç"] = {title = "voiceless palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palatal affricate, descender = true"}, ["ɟ͡ʝ"] = {title = "voiced palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced palatal affricate, descender = true"}, ["k͡x"] = {title = "voiceless velar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar affricate"}, ["ɡ͡ɣ"] = {title = "voiced velar affricate", link = "w:Voiced velar affricate, descender = true"}, } data[4] = { ["ǃ͡qʼ"] = {title = "alveolar linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks, descender = true"}, ["ǁ͡χʼ"] = {title = "lateral linguo-glottalic affricate (homorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks", descender = true}, } data[5] = { ["k͡ʟ̝̊"] = {title = "voiceless velar lateral affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar lateral affricate"}, ["ᶢǀ͡qʼ"] = {title = "voiced dental linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"}, ["ǂ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "palatal linguo-glottalic affricate (heterorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"}, } data[6] = { ["k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ"] = {title = "velar lateral ejective affricate", link = "w:Velar lateral ejective affricate"}, ["ᶢʘ͡kxʼ"] = {title = "voiced labial linguo-glottalic affricate", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"}, } data.separator_escapes = { ["⁽"] = "(", ["⁾"] = ")", ["₍"] = "(", ["₎"] = ")", ["ˈ"] = "\1", ["ˌ"] = "\2", ["ː"] = ":", ["ˑ"] = ";", } -- acute and grave tone marks local diacritics = u( -- grave, acute, circumflex, tilde, macron, breve 0x300, 0x301, 0x302, 0x303, 0x304, 0x306, -- diaeresis, ring above, double acute, caron, vertical line above, double grave, left tack 0x308, 0x30A, 0x30B, 0x30C, 0x30D, 0x30F, 0x318, -- right tack, left angle, left half ring below, up tack below, down tack below, plus sign below 0x319, 0x31A, 0x31C, 0x31D, 0x31E, 0x31F, -- minus sign below, rhotic hook below, dot below, diaeresis below, ring below, vertical line below, bridge below 0x320, 0x322, 0x323, 0x324, 0x325, 0x329, 0x32A, -- caron below, inverted breve below 0x32C, 0x32F, -- tilde below, combining tilde overlay, right half ring below, inverted bridge below, square below, seagull below, x above 0x330, 0x334, 0x339, 0x33A, 0x33B, 0x33C, 0x33D, -- grave tone mark, acute tone mark, bridge above, equals sign below, double vertical line below 0x340, 0x341, 0x346, 0x347, 0x348, -- left angle below, not tilde above, homothetic above, almost equal above, left right arrow below 0x349, 0x34A, 0x34B, 0x34C, 0x34D, -- upwards arrow below, left arrowhead below, right arrowhead below 0x34E, 0x354, 0x355, -- double rightwards arrow below, combining Latin small letter a 0x362, 0x361, -- macron–acute, grave–macron, macron–grave, acute–macron, grave–acute–grave, acute–grave–acute 0x1DC4, 0x1DC5, 0x1DC6, 0x1DC7, 0x1DC8, 0x1DC9) data.diacritics = diacritics data.vowels = "iyɨʉɯuɪᵻʏʊᵿeøɘɵɤoəɚɛœɜɝɞʌɔæɐaɶɑɒäëïöüÿ" local tones = "˥˦˧˨˩꜒꜓꜔꜕꜖꜈꜉꜊꜋꜌꜍꜎꜏꜐꜑¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰" data.tones = tones local superscripts = u(0xA0) .. " ⁰¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹ᵃ𐞃ᵄᵅᶛᵇ𐞄𐞅ᶜᶝᵈᶞ𐞋𐞌𐞍ᵉᵊᵋ𐞎ᶟᵌ𐞏𐞑ᶠᶢ𐞒𐞓𐞔ˠʰ𐞕𐞖ʱ𐞗ⁱᶦᶤʲᶨᶡ𐞘ᵏˡᶫꭞ𐞛ᶩ𐞞𐞠𐞡ᵐᶬⁿᶰᶮᶯᵑᵒ𐞢ꟹ𐞣ᵓᶱᵖᶲ𐞥ʳ𐞪ʴ𐞦𐞧ʵ𐞨𐞩ʶˢᶳᶴᵗ𐞯ᵘᶶᶣᵚᶭᶷᵛᶹ𐞰ᶺʷꭩˣʸ𐞲ᶻᶼᶽᶾˀˤ𐞳𐞴𐞶𐞷𐞸𐞹𐞵ᵝᶿᵡ˞⁻𐞁𐞂" data.superscripts = superscripts -- An array of patterns of valid character sequences. data.valid = { "⁽[" .. superscripts .. "]+⁾", "[ %(%)%%<>{|}%-→~⁓%.◌abcdefhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz¡àáâãāăēäæçèéêëĕěħìíîïĩīĭĺḿǹńňðòóôõöōŏőœøŕùúûüũūŭűýÿŷŋ" .. "ǀǁǂǃǎǐǒǔřǖǘǚǜǟǣǽǿȁȅȉȍȕȫȭȳɐɑɒɓɔɕɖɗɘəɚɛɜɝɞɟɠɡɢɣɤɥɦɧɨɪᵻɫɬɭɮɯɰɱɲɳɴɵɶɸɹɺ𝼈ɻɽɾʀʁʂʃʄʈʉʊᵿʋṽʌʍʎ𝼆ʏʐʑʒʔʕʘʞʙʛʜʝʟʡʢ𝼊ʬʭ" .. "ʼˈˌːˑˣ˔˕ˬ͗˭ˇ˖β͜θχᴙᶑ᷽ḁḛḭḯṍṏṳṵṹṻạẹẽịọụỳỵỹ‖․‥…‿↑↓↗↘ⱱꜛꜜꟸ𝆏𝆑˗ˋˊ–⸨⸩⁽⁾" .. diacritics .. tones .. superscripts .. "]+" } -- Character sequences which are valid only in a particular language. -- These can be either a single pattern (as a string), or an array of patterns (as a table). data.per_lang_valid = { ["egy"] = "V+", -- V for uncertain vowel ["okm"] = "[LHR!WT]+", -- irregular verb morphophonemes } -- Characters to add VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (U+FE0E) after. -- These are characters with emoji variants that are used by default by some clients. -- Adding VS15 after them instructs them to draw the characters as text instead. data.add_vs15 = "↗↘" data.invalid = { ["!"] = "ǃ", ["ꜝ"] = "ꜜ", ["ꜞ"] = "ꜛ", ["ꜟ"] = "ꜛ", ["'"] = "ˈ", ["’"] = "ʼ", [":"] = "ː", -- Confusable Latin letters ["B"] = "ʙ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["G"] = "ɢ", ["Ɠ"] = "ʛ", ["H"] = "ʜ", ["ı"] = "ɪ", ["I"] = "ɪ", ["L"] = "ʟ", ["N"] = "ɴ", ["Œ"] = "ɶ", ["Q"] = "ꞯ", ["R"] = "ʀ", ["∫"] = "ʃ", ["⨎"] = "ǂ", -- due to confusion with obsolete 𝼋 below ["ß"] = "β", ["ẞ"] = "β", ["Y"] = "ʏ", ["Ə"] = "ə", ["ǝ"] = "ə", ["Ɂ"] = "ʔ", ["ɂ"] = "ʔ", ["ˁ"] = "ˤ", -- Confusable Greek letters ["α"] = "ɑ", ["γ"] = "ɣ", ["δ"] = "ð", ["ε"] = "ɛ", ["Η"] = "ʜ", ["η"] = "ŋ", ["ι"] = "ɪ", ["λ"] = "ʎ", ["υ"] = "ʋ", ["Ψ"] = "𝼊", ["ψ"] = "𝼊", ["Φ"] = "ɸ", ["ϕ"] = "ɸ", ["ꭓ"] = "χ", -- Actually Latin, since IPA uses the Greek letter(!) -- Confusable Cyrillic letters ["ӕ"] = "æ", ["Ә"] = "ə", ["ә"] = "ə", ["В"] = "ʙ", ["в"] = "ʙ", ["е"] = "e", ["З"] = "ɜ", ["з"] = "ɜ", ["Ѕ"] = "s", ["ѕ"] = "s", ["і"] = "i", ["ј"] = "j", ["Н"] = "ʜ", ["н"] = "ʜ", ["О"] = "o", ["о"] = "o", ["р"] = "p", ["с"] = "c", ["у"] = "y", ["Ү"] = "ʏ", ["ү"] = "ʏ", ["Ф"] = "ɸ", ["ф"] = "ɸ", ["х"] = "x", ["Һ"] = "h", ["һ"] = "h", ["Я"] = "ᴙ", ["я"] = "ᴙ", ["Ѱ"] = "𝼊", ["ѱ"] = "𝼊", ["Ѵ"] = "ⱱ", ["ѵ"] = "ⱱ", ["Ҁ"] = "ʕ", ["ҁ"] = "ʕ", -- Palatalization ["ᶀ"] = "bʲ", ["ꞔ"] = "cʲ", ["ᶁ"] = "dʲ", ["ȡ"] = "d̠ʲ", ["d̂"] = "d̠ʲ", ["ᶂ"] = "fʲ", ["ᶃ"] = "ɡʲ", ["ꞕ"] = "hʲ", ["ᶄ"] = "kʲ", ["ᶅ"] = "lʲ", ["ȴ"] = "l̠ʲ", ["l̂"] = "l̠ʲ", ["𝼓"] = "ɬʲ", ["ᶆ"] = "mʲ", ["ᶇ"] = "nʲ", ["ȵ"] = "n̠ʲ", ["n̂"] = "n̠ʲ", ["𝼔"] = "ŋʲ", ["ᶈ"] = "pʲ", ["ᶉ"] = "rʲ", ["𝼕"] = "ɹʲ", ["𝼖"] = "ɾʲ", ["ᶊ"] = "sʲ", ["𝼞"] = "ɕ", ["𐞺"] = "ᶝ", ["ᶋ"] = "ʃʲ", ["ʆ"] = "ʃʲ", ["ƫ"] = "tʲ", ["ȶ"] = "t̠ʲ", ["t̂"] = "t̠ʲ", ["ᶌ"] = "vʲ", ["ᶍ"] = "xʲ", ["ᶎ"] = "zʲ", ["𝼘"] = "ʒʲ", ["ʓ"] = "ʒʲ", -- Retroflex ["𝼝"] = "ʈ͡ʂ", ["𝼥"] = "ɖ", ["𝼦"] = "ɭ", ["𝼧"] = "ɳ", ["𝼨"] = "ɽ", ["𝼩"] = "ʂ", ["𝼪"] = "ʈ", -- Rhotic vowels ["ᶏ"] = "a˞", ["ᶐ"] = "ɑ˞", ["ᶒ"] = "e˞", ["ə˞"] = "ɚ", ["ᶕ"] = "ɚ", ["ᶓ"] = "ɛ˞", ["ɜ˞"] = "ɝ", ["ᶔ"] = "ɝ", ["ᶖ"] = "i˞", ["𝼚"] = "ɨ˞", ["𝼛"] = "o˞", ["ᶗ"] = "ɔ˞", ["ᶙ"] = "u˞", -- Syllabic fricatives ["ɿ"] = "z̩", ["ʅ"] = "ʐ̩", ["ʮ"] = "z̩ʷ", ["ʯ"] = "ʐ̩ʷ", -- Clicks ["ʗ"] = "ǃ", ["𝼋"] = "ǂ", ["ʇ"] = "ǀ", ["ʖ"] = "ǁ", ["‼"] = "𝼊", -- Voiceless implosives ["ƈ"] = "ʄ̊", ["ƙ"] = "ɠ̊", ["ƥ"] = "ɓ̥", ["ʠ"] = "ʛ̥", ["ƭ"] = "ɗ̥", ["𝼉"] = "ᶑ̥", -- Monographs ["ꜰ"] = "ɸ", ["ɩ"] = "ɪ", ["ɼ"] = "r̝", ["ᴜ"] = "ʊ", ["ɷ"] = "ʊ", ["𐞤"] = "ᶷ", ["ƛ"] = "t͡ɬ", ["ƻ"] = "d͡z", ["ƾ"] = "t͡s", -- Digraphs ["ȸ"] = "b̪", ["ʣ"] = "d͡z", ["ʥ"] = "d͡ʑ", ["ꭦ"] = "ɖ͡ʐ", ["ʤ"] = "d͡ʒ", ["𝼒"] = "d͡ʒʲ", ["𝼙"] = "d͡ᶚ", ["ʪ"] = "ɬ͡s", ["ʫ"] = "ɮ͡z", ["ȹ"] = "p̪", ["ʦ"] = "t͡s", ["ʨ"] = "t͡ɕ", ["ꭧ"] = "ʈ͡ʂ", ["ʧ"] = "t͡ʃ", ["𝼗"] = "t͡ʃʲ", ["𝼜"] = "t͡ᶘ", -- Deprecated or confusable diacritics ["̫"] = "ʷ", ["͂"] = "̃", ["᫇"] = "ʷ", ["⸋"] = "̚", ["̱"] = "̠", -- COMBINING MACRON BELOW (U+0331) -> COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW (U+0320) -- Precomposed characters with deprecated or confusable diacritics; the left is a precomposed -- version of a lowercase letter with COMBINING MACRON BELOW and the right is the equivalent -- using COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW ["ḇ"] = "b̠", ["ḏ"] = "d̠", ["ẖ"] = "h̠", ["ḵ"] = "k̠", ["ḻ"] = "l̠", ["ṉ"] = "n̠", ["ṟ"] = "r̠", ["ṯ"] = "t̠", ["ẕ"] = "z̠", } return data 8x872iec1dh4h0gdlleo671vcnykg1g 828 1369679 9800089 7653608 2026-05-29T12:06:49Z TongcyDai 53191 9800089 Scribunto text/plain local U = require("Module:string/char") local gmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local data = { -- not in official X-SAMPA; from http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA ["b\\"] = { "ⱱ" }, ["b_<"] = { "ɓ" }, ["d`"] = { "ɖ", has_descender = true }, ["d_<"] = { "ɗ" }, -- not in official X-SAMPA; Wikipedia-specific ["d`_<"] = { "ᶑ", has_descender = true }, ["g"] = { "ɡ", has_descender = true }, ["g_<"] = { "ɠ", has_descender = true }, ["h\\"] = { "ɦ" }, ["j\\"] = { "ʝ", has_descender = true }, ["l`"] = { "ɭ", has_descender = true }, ["l\\"] = { "ɺ" }, ["n`"] = { "ɳ", has_descender = true }, ["p\\"] = { "ɸ", has_descender = true }, ["r`"] = { "ɽ", has_descender = true }, ["r\\"] = { "ɹ" }, ["r\\`"] = { "ɻ", has_descender = true }, ["s`"] = { "ʂ", has_descender = true }, ["s\\"] = { "ɕ" }, ["t`"] = { "ʈ" }, ["v\\"] = { "ʋ" }, ["x\\"] = { "ɧ", has_descender = true }, ["z`"] = { "ʐ", has_descender = true }, ["z\\"] = { "ʑ" }, ["A"] = { "ɑ" }, ["B"] = { "β", has_descender = true }, ["B\\"] = { "ʙ" }, ["C"] = { "ç", has_descender = true }, ["D"] = { "ð" }, ["E"] = { "ɛ" }, ["F"] = { "ɱ", has_descender = true }, ["G"] = { "ɣ", has_descender = true }, ["G\\"] = { "ɢ" }, ["G\\_<"] = { "ʛ" }, ["H"] = { "ɥ", has_descender = true }, ["H\\"] = { "ʜ" }, ["I"] = { "ɪ" }, ["I\\"] = { "ɪ̈" }, ["J"] = { "ɲ", has_descender = true }, ["J\\"] = { "ɟ" }, ["J\\_<"] = { "ʄ", has_descender = true }, ["K"] = { "ɬ" }, ["K\\"] = { "ɮ", has_descender = true }, ["L"] = { "ʎ" }, ["L\\"] = { "ʟ" }, ["M"] = { "ɯ" }, ["M\\"] = { "ɰ", has_descender = true }, ["N"] = { "ŋ", has_descender = true }, ["N\\"] = { "ɴ" }, ["O"] = { "ɔ" }, ["O\\"] = { "ʘ" }, ["P"] = { "ʋ" }, ["Q"] = { "ɒ" }, ["R"] = { "ʁ" }, ["R\\"] = { "ʀ" }, ["S"] = { "ʃ", has_descender = true }, ["T"] = { "θ" }, ["U"] = { "ʊ" }, ["U\\"] = { "ʊ̈" }, ["V"] = { "ʌ" }, ["W"] = { "ʍ" }, ["X"] = { "χ", has_descender = true }, ["X\\"] = { "ħ" }, ["Y"] = { "ʏ" }, ["Z"] = { "ʒ", has_descender = true }, ["\""] = { "ˈ" }, ["%"] = { "ˌ" }, -- not in official X-SAMPA; from http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA ["%\\"] = { "ᴙ" }, ["'"] = { "ʲ", is_diacritic = true }, [":"] = { "ː", is_diacritic = true }, [":\\"] = { "ˑ", is_diacritic = true }, ["@"] = { "ə" }, ["@`"] = { "ɚ" }, ["@\\"] = { "ɘ" }, ["{"] = { "æ" }, ["}"] = { "ʉ" }, ["1"] = { "ɨ" }, ["2"] = { "ø" }, ["3"] = { "ɜ" }, ["3`"] = { "ɝ" }, ["3\\"] = { "ɞ" }, ["4"] = { "ɾ" }, ["5"] = { "ɫ" }, ["6"] = { "ɐ" }, ["7"] = { "ɤ" }, ["8"] = { "ɵ" }, ["9"] = { "œ" }, ["&"] = { "ɶ" }, ["?"] = { "ʔ" }, ["?\\"] = { "ʕ" }, ["<\\"] = { "ʢ" }, [">\\"] = { "ʡ" }, ["^"] = { "ꜛ" }, ["!"] = { "ꜜ" }, -- not in official X-SAMPA ["!!"] = { "‼" }, ["!\\"] = { "ǃ" }, ["|\\"] = { "ǀ", has_descender = true }, ["||"] = { "‖", has_descender = true }, ["|\\|\\"] = { "ǁ", has_descender = true }, ["=\\"] = { "ǂ", has_descender = true }, -- linking mark, liaison ["-\\"] = { "‿", is_diacritic = true }, -- coarticulated; not in official X-SAMPA ["__"] = { U(0x361) }, -- fortis, strong articulation; not in official X-SAMPA ["_:"] = { U(0x348) }, ["_\""] = { U(0x308), is_diacritic = true }, -- advanced ["_+"] = { U(0x31F), with_descender = "˖", is_diacritic = true }, -- retracted ["_-"] = { U(0x320), with_descender = "˗", is_diacritic = true }, -- rising tone ["_/"] = { U(0x30C), is_diacritic = true }, -- voiceless ["_0"] = { U(0x325), with_descender = U(0x30A), is_diacritic = true }, -- syllabic ["="] = { U(0x329), with_descender = U(0x30D), is_diacritic = true }, -- syllabic ["_="] = { U(0x329), with_descender = U(0x30D), is_diacritic = true }, -- strident: not in official X-SAMPA; from http://www.kneequickie.com/kq/Z-SAMPA ["_%\\"] = { U(0x1DFD) }, -- ejective ["_>"] = { "ʼ", is_diacritic = true }, -- pharyngealized ["_?\\"] = { "ˤ", is_diacritic = true }, -- falling tone ["_\\"] = { U(0x302), is_diacritic = true }, -- non-syllabic ["_^"] = { U(0x32F), is_diacritic = true }, -- no audible release ["_}"] = { U(0x31A), is_diacritic = true }, -- r-coloring (colouring), rhotacization ["`"] = { U(0x2DE), is_diacritic = true }, -- nasalization ["~"] = { U(0x303), is_diacritic = true }, -- advanced tongue root ["_A"] = { U(0x318), is_diacritic = true }, -- apical ["_a"] = { U(0x33A), is_diacritic = true }, -- extra-low tone ["_B"] = { U(0x30F), is_diacritic = true }, -- low rising tone ["_B_L"] = { U(0x1DC5), is_diacritic = true }, -- less rounded ["_c"] = { U(0x31C), is_diacritic = true }, -- dental ["_d"] = { U(0x32A), is_diacritic = true }, -- velarized or pharyngealized (dark) ["_e"] = { U(0x334), is_diacritic = true }, -- downstep ["<F>"] = { "↘" }, -- falling tone ["_F"] = { U(0x302), is_diacritic = true }, -- velarized ["_G"] = { "ˠ", is_diacritic = true }, -- high tone ["_H"] = { U(0x301), is_diacritic = true }, -- high rising tone ["_H_T"] = { U(0x1DC4), is_diacritic = true }, -- aspiration ["_h"] = { "ʰ", is_diacritic = true }, -- voiced aspiration (= breathy voice) ["_h\\"] = { "ʱ", is_diacritic = true }, -- palatalization ["_j"] = { "ʲ", is_diacritic = true }, -- creaky voice, laryngealization, vocal fry ["_k"] = { U(0x330), is_diacritic = true }, -- low tone ["_L"] = { U(0x300), is_diacritic = true }, -- lateral release ["_l"] = { "ˡ", is_diacritic = true }, -- mid tone ["_M"] = { U(0x304), is_diacritic = true }, -- laminal ["_m"] = { U(0x33B), is_diacritic = true }, -- linguolabial ["_N"] = { U(0x33C), is_diacritic = true }, -- nasal release ["_n"] = { "ⁿ", is_diacritic = true }, -- more rounded ["_O"] = { U(0x339), is_diacritic = true }, -- lowered ["_o"] = { U(0x31E), with_descender = "˕", is_diacritic = true }, -- retracted tongue root ["_q"] = { U(0x319), is_diacritic = true }, -- global rise ["<R>"] = { "↗" }, -- rising tone ["_R"] = { U(0x30C), is_diacritic = true }, -- rising falling tone ["_R_F"] = { U(0x1DC8), is_diacritic = true }, -- raised ["_r"] = { U(0x31D), is_diacritic = true }, -- extra-high tone ["_T"] = { U(0x30B), is_diacritic = true }, -- breathy voice, murmured voice, murmur, whispery voice ["_t"] = { U(0x324), is_diacritic = true }, -- voiced ["_v"] = { U(0x32C), is_diacritic = true }, -- labialized ["_w"] = { "ʷ", is_diacritic = true }, -- extra-short ["_X"] = { U(0x306), is_diacritic = true }, -- mid-centralized ["_x"] = { U(0x33D), is_diacritic = true }, ["__T"] = { "˥" }, ["__H"] = { "˦" }, ["__M"] = { "˧" }, ["__L"] = { "˨" }, ["__B"] = { "˩" }, -- not X-SAMPA; for convenience ["0"] = { "◌" }, -- dotted circle } local identical = "acehklmnorstuvwxz" for char in gmatch(identical, ".") do data[char] = { char } end local identical_with_descender = "jpqy" for char in gmatch(identical_with_descender, ".") do data[char] = { char, has_descender = true } end return data p0gn9v8sbr593yt8qtxqarpn9qmicgp 0 1402034 9800218 8341247 2026-05-29T18:43:43Z Fglffer 55252 9800218 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|やく|yomi=kanon,goon,on}} {{swp|ja:避妊#薬品の使用}} ===詞源=== {{ja-com|避%妊|ひ%にん|t1=避孕|薬|やく|t2=藥}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにんやく|acc=2|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにんやく}} # [[避孕藥]] #: {{hypo|ja|経口避妊薬<tr:keikō hinin'yaku>|殺精子剤<tr:satsuseishizai>}} ===來源=== <references/> {{C|ja|生育控制|藥}} j5984b9b0yo3fcwsgt0sy052sf2kfn0 0 1409024 9800185 7880280 2026-05-29T15:59:07Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800185 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{DEFAULTSORT:いちりんしゃ}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} {{ja-kanjitab|いち|りん|しゃ|yomi=goon,o,o}} ===其他寫法=== * {{ja-l|1輪車}} ===讀音=== {{ja-pron|いちりんしゃ|acc=3}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|いちりんしゃ}} # [[獨輪車]] #* {{quote-book|ja|1930|{{w|黑岛传治}}|{{lang|ja|武装せる市街}}||}} #*: {{ja-usex|五%六%台の'''一%輪%車'''|ご%-ろく%だい の '''いち%りん%しゃ'''|五六輛'''獨輪車'''}} ==朝鮮語== #{{Lang|ko|'''[[일륜차]]'''}}〈{{Lang|ko|一輪車}}〉的漢字表記。 [[Category:待分類的朝鮮語詞]] [[分类:朝鲜语汉字词|중국어]] f7mn6svq27nihnlv33ub6kzjoatkxz5 0 1619591 9800360 8304505 2026-05-30T03:43:16Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info|㋂}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=sānyuè |c=saam1 jyut6 |h=pfs=sâm-ngie̍t |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{zh-alt-form|三月}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|がつ|yomi=kan}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|さんがつ}} # [[三月]] ====同義字==== * {{ja-r|弥%生|や%よい}} [[Category:日語 月份|さんがつ]] skd7hpt6rs625v8i1w42evls03bz2vo 828 1629826 9800215 9766382 2026-05-29T18:30:39Z TongcyDai 53191 9800215 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local force_cat = false -- set to true for testing local m_placetypes = require("Module:place/placetypes") local m_links = require("Module:links") local memoize = require("Module:memoize") local m_strutils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") -- Chinese localization data (zh_name, zh_suffix, qualifiers, extra-info labels, etc.) local m_zh_data = require("Module:place/data") local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local form_of_module = "Module:form of" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local parse_interface_module = "Module:parse interface" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local parameter_utilities_module = "Module:parameter utilities" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local zhlang = require(languages_module).getByCode("zh") local rmatch = m_strutils.match local rfind = m_strutils.find local ulen = m_strutils.len local split = m_strutils.split local dump = mw.dumpObject local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize local extend = m_table.extend local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local internal_error = m_placetypes.internal_error local process_error = m_placetypes.process_error local placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data -- Shorthand for the ZH localization string table. local zh_strings = m_zh_data.zh_strings --[==[ ZH fork of [[Module:place]] (enwikt). Architecture and data structures are identical to the English version; only the display-formatting functions are changed to produce Chinese-language definitions. Key structural differences from enwikt: * Old-style holonyms are reversed (big→small containment order) and joined with 、/和 rather than "in X, Y". * Sentence pattern: 位於[holonyms]的[placetype] (or [holonyms]的[placetype] for "of"-type placetypes). * No articles (a/an/the) in generated text. * Pref/suf holonym affixes append the Chinese zh_suffix instead of English "placetype of X". * Translations are joined with "，" (full-width comma); parenthetical glosses use （）. * Extra-info labels (capital, largest city, etc.) come from Module:place/data zh_extra_info_labels. * sentence_style is always true for ZH (extra info uses "。" separator, not ";"). ]==] --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed form-of directives, used for former names, official names, abbreviations, etc. of places. The key is the form-of directive and the value is an object with the following properties: * `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the key is used as the text. If the value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see comment at top of file) and should return the text to be displayed. * `type_prefix`: The prefix used to generate the placetype for looking up the appropriate category or categories in the placetype data structure. Can be omitted if there are no categories associated with the directive. * `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`. * `cat`: Additional category or categories to add the term to, whenever this particular directive is used. * `default_foreign`: If specified, the default language of terms given along with this directive is the language in {{para|1}}; otherwise it is English. ]==] export.all_form_of_directives = { ["former name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["fmr of"] = {alias_of = "former name of"}, ["ancient name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["former official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["former long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["official nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["former nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["derogatory name for"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#derogatory|derogatory]] name for", type_prefix = "DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR"}, ["synonym of"] = {text = "+"}, ["syn of"] = {alias_of = "synonym of"}, ["abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["abbr of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["abbrev of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["initialism of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#initialism|initialism]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:initialisms", default_foreign = true}, ["init of"] = {alias_of = "initialism of"}, ["acronym of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#acronym|acronym]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:acronyms", default_foreign = true}, ["syllabic abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#syllabic abbreviation|syllabic abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:syllabic abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["sylabbr of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["sylabbrev of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["ellipsis of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#ellipsis|ellipsis]] of", type_prefix = "ELLIPSIS_OF", cat = "cln:ellipses", default_foreign = true}, ["ellip of"] = {alias_of = "ellipsis of"}, ["clipping of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|clipping]] of", type_prefix = "CLIPPING_OF", cat = "cln:clippings", default_foreign = true}, ["clip of"] = {alias_of = "clipping of"}, ["alternative form of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt form"] = {alias_of = "alternative form of"}, ["alternative spelling of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt spell"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["alt sp"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["dated form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] form of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated form"] = {alias_of = "dated form of"}, ["dated spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] spelling of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated spell"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["dated sp"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["archaic form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] form of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch form"] = {alias_of = "archaic form of"}, ["archaic spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] spelling of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch spell"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["arch sp"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["obsolete form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] form of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs form"] = {alias_of = "obsolete form of"}, ["obsolete spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] spelling of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs spell"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, ["obs sp"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, } local function get_seat_text(overall_place_spec) local placetype = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes[1] if placetype == "county" or placetype == "counties" then return "county seat" elseif placetype == "parish" or placetype == "parishes" then return "parish seat" elseif placetype == "borough" or placetype == "boroughs" then return "borough seat" else return "seat" end end --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed arguments containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest city, modern name, official name, etc., along with associated properties; displayed in the order given. See enwikt [[Module:place]] for full documentation of each field. ]==] export.extra_info_args = { {arg = "modern", text = "+", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "now", text = "now,", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "full", text = "in full,", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "short", text = "short form", conjunction = "or"}, {arg = "abbr", text = "abbreviation", conjunction = "or"}, {arg = "former", text = "formerly,"}, {arg = "official", text = "official name", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "capital", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "largest city", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "caplc", text = "capital and largest city", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "seat", text = get_seat_text, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "shire town", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "headquarters", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "center", text = "administrative center", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "centre", text = "administrative centre", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, } export.extra_info_arg_map = {} for _, spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do export.extra_info_arg_map[spec.arg] = spec end ----------- Wikicode utility functions -- Return a wikilink link {{l|language|text}} local function link(text, langcode, id) if not langcode then return text end return m_links.language_link( -- l10n, avoid simp/trad or applying special fonts { term = text, alt = text, lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode, true, "allow etym"), id = id } ) end ---------- Basic utility functions -- Add the page to a tracking "category". To see the pages in the "category", -- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on "What links here". local function track(page) require(debug_track_module)("place/" .. page) return true end local function ucfirst_all(text) if text:find(" ") then local parts = split(text, " ", true) for i, part in ipairs(parts) do parts[i] = m_strutils.ucfirst(part) end return concat(parts, " ") else return m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end end local function lc(text) return mw.getContentLanguage():lc(text) end ---------- Argument parsing functions and utilities -- Split an argument on comma, but not comma followed by whitespace. local function split_on_comma(val) if val:find(",") then return require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(val) else return {val} end end -- Split an argument on slash, but not slash occurring inside of HTML tags like </span> or <br />. local function split_on_slash(arg) if arg:find("<") then local m_parse_utilities = require(parse_utilities_module) -- We implement this by parsing balanced segment runs involving <...>, and splitting on slash in the remainder. -- The result is a list of lists, so we have to rejoin the inner lists by concatenating. local segments = m_parse_utilities.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg, "<", ">") local slash_separated_groups = m_parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs(segments, "/") for i, group in ipairs(slash_separated_groups) do slash_separated_groups[i] = concat(group) end return slash_separated_groups else return split(arg, "/", true) end end -- Implement "implications", i.e. where the presence of a given holonym causes additional holonym(s) to be added. -- Implications apply only to categorization. local function handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, implication_data) for i, desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if desc.holonyms then local new_holonyms = {} for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do insert(new_holonyms, holonym) local imp_data = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym.placetype, function(pt) local implication = implication_data[pt] and implication_data[pt][holonym.unlinked_placename] if implication then return implication end end) if imp_data then for _, holonym_to_add in ipairs(imp_data) do local split_holonym = split_on_slash(holonym_to_add) if #split_holonym ~= 2 then internal_error("Invalid holonym in implications: %s", holonym_to_add) end local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename = unpack(split_holonym, 1, 2) local new_holonym = { placetype = holonym_placetype, unlinked_placename = holonym_placename } insert(new_holonyms, new_holonym) m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(desc, new_holonym) end end end desc.holonyms = new_holonyms end end end -- Split a holonym (e.g. "continent/Europe" or "country/en:Italy" or "in southern" or "r:suf/O'Higgins" or -- "c/Austria,Germany,Czech Republic") into its components. Return a list of holonym objects (see top of file). Note -- that if there isn't a slash in the holonym (e.g. "in southern"), the `placetype` field of the holonym will be nil. -- Placetype aliases (e.g. "r" for "region") and placename aliases (e.g. "US" or "USA" for "United States") will be -- expanded. local function split_holonym(raw) local no_display, combined_holonym = raw:match("^(!)(.*)$") no_display = not not no_display combined_holonym = combined_holonym or raw local suppress_comma, combined_holonym_without_comma = combined_holonym:match("^(%*)(.*)$") suppress_comma = not not suppress_comma combined_holonym = combined_holonym_without_comma or combined_holonym local holonym_parts = split_on_slash(combined_holonym) if #holonym_parts == 1 then -- `unlinked_placename` should not be used. return {{display_placename = combined_holonym, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma}} end -- Rejoin further slashes in case of slash in holonym placename, e.g. Admaston/Bromley. local placetype = holonym_parts[1] local placename = concat(holonym_parts, "/", 2) -- Check for modifiers after the holonym placetype. local split_holonym_placetype = split(placetype, ":", true) placetype = split_holonym_placetype[1] local affix_type local saw_also local saw_the for i = 2, #split_holonym_placetype do local modifier = split_holonym_placetype[i] if modifier == "also" then if saw_also then error(("Modifier ':also' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_also = true elseif modifier == "the" then if saw_the then error(("Modifier ':the' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_the = true elseif modifier == "pref" or modifier == "Pref" or modifier == "suf" or modifier == "Suf" or modifier == "noaff" then if affix_type then error(("Affix-type modifier ':%s' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(modifier, combined_holonym)) end affix_type = modifier else error(("Unrecognized holonym placetype modifier '%s', should be one of " .. "'pref', 'Pref', 'suf', 'Suf', 'noaff', 'also' or 'the'"):format(modifier)) end end placetype = m_placetypes.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local holonyms = split_on_comma(placename) local pluralize_affix = #holonyms > 1 local affix_holonym_index = (affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref") and 1 or affix_type == "noaff" and 0 or #holonyms for i, placename in ipairs(holonyms) do -- Check for langcode before the holonym placename, but don't get tripped up by Wikipedia links, which begin -- "[[w:...]]" or "[[wikipedia:]]". local langcode, placename_without_langcode = rmatch(placename, "^([^%[%]]-):(.*)$") if langcode then placename = placename_without_langcode end placename = m_placetypes.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) holonyms[i] = { placetype = placetype, display_placename = placename, unlinked_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(placename), langcode = langcode, affix_type = i == affix_holonym_index and affix_type or nil, pluralize_affix = i == affix_holonym_index and pluralize_affix, suppress_affix = i ~= affix_holonym_index, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma, continue_cat_loop = saw_also, force_the = i == 1 and saw_the, } end return holonyms end local get_param_mods = memoize(function() local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) return m_param_utils.construct_param_mods { {group = {"link", "q", "l", "ref"}}, {param = "eq"}, {param = "conj", set = {["and"] = true, ["or"] = true, ["and/or"] = true}, overall = true}, } end) local function parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(term, paramname, default_lang) local function generate_obj(raw_term, parse_err) local obj = require(parameter_utilities_module).generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix { term = raw_term, parse_err = parse_err, parse_lang_prefix = true, } obj.lang = obj.lang or default_lang return obj end return require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(term, { paramname = paramname, param_mods = get_param_mods(), generate_obj = generate_obj, splitchar = ",", outer_container = {}, }) end local function parse_form_of_directive(arg, lang, form_of_overridden_args) local form_of_directive, raw_terms = arg:match("^@([a-z -]+):(.*)$") if not form_of_directive then error("Misformatted @-directive: " .. dump(arg) .. " (directive name must be lowercase English letters and spaces, e.g. @official name of:比利時)") end if not export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] then local known_directives = {} for k, _ in pairs(export.all_form_of_directives) do insert(known_directives, '"' .. k .. '"') end table.sort(known_directives) error(("Unrecognized form-of directive %s in @-directive %s; recognized directives are %s"):format( dump(form_of_directive), dump(arg), concat(known_directives, ", "))) end local spec = export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] local canonical_directive = form_of_directive if spec.alias_of then canonical_directive = spec.alias_of spec = export.all_form_of_directives[canonical_directive] if not spec then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is not a directive", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) elseif spec.alias_of then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is also an alias", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) end end local default_foreign = spec.default_foreign local directive_param = "@" .. form_of_directive if form_of_overridden_args and form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive] then raw_terms = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_value local new_directive = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_directive local new_spec = export.all_form_of_directives[new_directive] if not new_spec then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in unrecognized replacement directive '@%s'"): format(new_directive)) end if new_spec.alias_of then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in replacement directive alias '@%s', " .. "should be canonical"):format(new_directive)) end if new_directive ~= canonical_directive then directive_param = directive_param .. (" (replaced with @%s)"):format(new_directive) canonical_directive = new_directive spec = new_spec end default_foreign = true end local terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(raw_terms, directive_param, default_foreign and lang or zhlang) return { directive = canonical_directive, terms = terms.terms, conj = terms.conj, spec = spec, } end -- Parse an argument containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest -- city, modern name, official name, etc. `args` is the value from the parsed argument structure and can be either nil, -- a string or a list. `spec` is the extra info spec corresponding to the type of extra info. Each value in `args` can -- be a comma-separated list of terms with inline modifiers attached. local function parse_extra_info_arg(args, spec, default_lang) if not args then return nil end if type(args) ~= "table" then args = {args} end if not args[1] then return nil end local terms = nil local conj for i, arg in ipairs(args) do local this_terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(arg, spec.arg .. (i == 1 and "" or i), default_lang) local thisconj = this_terms.conj if not conj then conj = thisconj elseif thisconj and conj ~= thisconj then error(("Two different conjunctions '%s' and '%s' specified for |%s=; you only need to specify the " .. "conjunction once"):format(conj, thisconj)) end if not terms then terms = this_terms.terms else m_table.extend(terms, this_terms.terms) end end return { spec = spec, terms = terms, conj = conj, } end --[==[ Parse a "new-style" place description, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Return value is a place description object as documented at the top of the file. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.parse_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local placetypes = {} local segments = split(text, "<<(.-)>>") local retval = {holonyms = {}, order = {}} local form_of_directives_already_present = form_of_directives and not not form_of_directives[1] for i, segment in ipairs(segments) do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = segment}) elseif segment:find("@") then if not form_of_directives then error(("Form-of directive '%s' not allowed in this context"):format(segment)) elseif form_of_directives_already_present then error(("Saw form-of directive '%s' in new-style place desc followed by direct (separate-parameter) form-of directives; not allowed"):format( segment)) elseif placetypes[1] or retval.holonyms[1] then error(("Form-of directive '%s' must come first, before placetypes and holonyms"):format(segment)) else local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(segment, lang, form_of_overridden_args) if not retval.order[1] or retval.order[1].type ~= "raw" or retval.order[2] then internal_error("`retval.order` should have a single raw element: %s", retval.order) end form_of_directive.pretext = retval.order[1].value retval.order[1] = nil insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) end elseif segment:find("/") then local holonyms = split_holonym(segment) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then if not holonym.no_display then if j == #holonyms then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = zh_strings.and_conj}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = zh_strings.enum_sep}) end end holonym.needs_article = true end insert(retval.holonyms, holonym) if not holonym.no_display then insert(retval.order, {type = "holonym", value = #retval.holonyms}) end m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(retval, holonym) end else local treat_as, display = segment:match("^(..-):(.+)$") if treat_as then segment = treat_as else display = segment end -- see if the placetype segment is just qualifiers local only_qualifiers = true local split_segments = split(segment, " ", true) for _, split_segment in ipairs(split_segments) do if m_placetypes.placetype_qualifiers[split_segment] == nil then only_qualifiers = false break end end insert(placetypes, {placetype = segment, only_qualifiers = only_qualifiers}) if only_qualifiers then insert(retval.order, {type = "qualifier", value = display}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "placetype", value = display}) end end end if not form_of_directives_already_present and form_of_directives and form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = "" end local final_placetypes = {} for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do if i > 1 and placetypes[i - 1].only_qualifiers then final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] = final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] .. " " .. placetypes[i].placetype else insert(final_placetypes, placetypes[i].placetype) end end retval.placetypes = final_placetypes return retval end --[==[ Parse one or more "new-style" place descriptions, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Multiple descriptions are separated by two semicolons in a row. Return value is a list of place description objects as documented at the top of the file. ]==] local function parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local separate_specs = split(text, ";(;[^ ]*)") local descs = {} for i = 1, #separate_specs do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(descs, export.parse_new_style_place_desc(separate_specs[i], lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args)) form_of_directives = nil else descs[#descs].separator = separate_specs[i] end end return descs end --[=[ Process numeric and "extra info" arguments into an overall place spec, as described at the top of the file. ]=] local function parse_overall_place_spec(data) local args, from_tcl, extra_info_overridden_set, form_of_overridden_args = data.args, data.from_tcl, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.form_of_overridden_args local descs = {} local this_desc -- Index of separate (semicolon-separated) place descriptions within `descs`. local desc_index = 1 -- Index of separate holonyms within a place description. 0 means we've seen no holonyms and have yet to process -- the placetypes that precede the holonyms. 1 means we've seen no holonyms but have already processed the -- placetypes. local holonym_index = 0 local in_place_desc = false local form_of_directives = {} -- ZH: use Chinese semicolon and space characters for multi-description joiners. local function set_desc_joiner(desc, separator) if separator == ";" then this_desc.joiner = zh_strings.semicolon -- "；" instead of "; " this_desc.include_following_article = true elseif separator == ";;" then this_desc.joiner = " " else local joiner = separator:sub(2) if rfind(joiner, "^%a") then this_desc.joiner = " " .. joiner .. " " elseif joiner == "," then -- ZH: ASCII comma → full-width ，（無空格） this_desc.joiner = zh_strings.trans_sep else this_desc.joiner = joiner .. " " end end end for _, arg in ipairs(args[2]) do if arg:find("^@") then if not (desc_index == 1 and holonym_index == 0) then error("@-directives cannot follow place descriptions") end local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(arg, args[1], form_of_overridden_args) if form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directive.pretext = ", " else form_of_directive.pretext = "" end insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) elseif arg == ";" or arg:find("^;[^ ]") then if not this_desc then error("Saw semicolon joiner without preceding place description") end set_desc_joiner(this_desc, arg) desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 in_place_desc = false else if arg:find("<<") then if in_place_desc then error("New-style place description must come first or following a separator (semicolon or similar), not directly following another description") end in_place_desc = true local this_descs = parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(arg, args[1], form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) for j, desc in ipairs(this_descs) do this_desc = desc if holonym_index > 0 then desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 end if j < #this_descs then set_desc_joiner(this_desc, this_desc.separator) end descs[desc_index] = this_desc last_was_new_style = true holonym_index = #this_desc.holonyms + 1 end else -- Old-style arguments can directly follow a new-style argument; they become additional holonyms -- tacked onto the end of the holonym list, and are displayed old-style except that there is no -- prefix before the first one following the new-style argument. in_place_desc = true if holonym_index == 0 then local entry_placetypes = split_on_slash(arg) this_desc = {placetypes = entry_placetypes, holonyms = {}} descs[desc_index] = this_desc holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 else local holonyms = split_holonym(arg) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then -- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. Not for the first one because e.g. -- {{place|en|city|s/Arizona|c/United States}} should not display as "a city in Arizona, the -- United States". The overall first holonym in the place description gets an article if -- needed regardless of our setting here. holonym.needs_article = true -- Insert "and" before the last holonym. if j == #holonyms then this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = { -- Use the no_display value from the first holonym; it should be the same for all -- holonyms. `unlinked_placename` should not be used. display_placename = "and", no_display = holonyms[1].no_display } holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = holonym m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(this_desc, this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]) holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end end end end if form_of_directives[1] and not form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = (args.def and args.def ~= "-" or not args.def and descs[1]) and "：" or "" end -- Tracking code (unchanged from enwikt). for _, desc in ipairs(descs) do for _, entry_placetype in ipairs(desc.placetypes) do local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(entry_placetype, "no canon qualifiers") for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) track("entry-placetype/" .. bare_placetype) if this_qualifier then track("entry-qualifier/" .. this_qualifier) end end end for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do if holonym.placetype then track("holonym-placetype/" .. holonym.placetype) end end end local extra_info = {} for _, extra_info_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do local extra_info_terms = parse_extra_info_arg(args[extra_info_spec.arg], extra_info_spec, from_tcl and extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_spec.arg] and args[1] or zhlang) if extra_info_terms then insert(extra_info, extra_info_terms) end end return { lang = args[1], args = args, directives = form_of_directives, descs = descs, extra_info = extra_info, } end -------- Definition-generating functions -- Return a string with the wikilinks to the ZH translations of the word. -- ZH: joins multiple translations with "，" (full-width comma) instead of ", ". local function get_translations(transl, ids) local ret = {} for i, t in ipairs(transl) do local arg_transls = split_on_comma(t) local arg_ids = ids[i] if arg_ids then arg_ids = split_on_comma(arg_ids) if #arg_transls ~= #arg_ids then error(("Saw %s translation%s in t%s=%s but %s ID%s in tid%s=%s"):format( #arg_transls, #arg_transls > 1 and "s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, t, #arg_ids, #arg_ids > 1 and "'s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, ids[i])) end end for j, arg_transl in ipairs(arg_transls) do insert(ret, link(arg_transl, "zh", arg_ids and arg_ids[j] or nil)) end end return concat(ret, zh_strings.trans_sep) -- "，" instead of ", " end -- Chinese has no articles; these stubs keep the call-sites intact. local function get_placename_article(decorated_placename, placetypes, placename, suppress_holonym_use_the_check) return nil end local function get_holonym_article(decorated_placename, place_desc, holonym_index) return nil end -- Convert a holonym into display format. For ZH: -- * No article prepended (Chinese has no articles). -- * Both prefix and suffix affix types append the zh_suffix (e.g. "州", "省") directly to the linked name, -- instead of the English "placetype of placename" / "placename placetype" construction. -- * Display handlers are applied unchanged (they may add text based on the holonym's surrounding context). local function format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, needs_article) local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] if holonym.no_display then return "" end -- needs_article and force_the are not used in Chinese. local output = holonym.display_placename local placetype = holonym.placetype local affix_type_pt_data, affix_type, affix_is_prefix, affix, prefix, suffix, no_affix_strings local pt_equiv_for_affix_type, already_seen_affix, need_affix local affix_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix -- Implement display handlers (unchanged from enwikt). local display_handler = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].display_handler end) if display_handler then output = display_handler(placetype, output) end if not holonym.suppress_affix then -- Affix detection logic is unchanged from enwikt; only the rendering differs below. affix_type_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix_type = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and cdpt.affix_type and cdpt or nil end ) affix_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and (cdpt.affix_type or cdpt.affix or cdpt.prefix or cdpt.suffix) and cdpt or nil end ) if affix_type_pt_data then affix_type = affix_type_pt_data.affix_type need_affix = true end if affix_pt_data then prefix = affix_pt_data.prefix or affix_pt_data.affix suffix = affix_pt_data.suffix or affix_pt_data.affix need_affix = true end no_affix_strings = affix_pt_data and affix_pt_data.no_affix_strings or affix_type_pt_data and affix_type_pt_data.no_affix_strings if holonym.affix_type and placetype then affix_type = holonym.affix_type prefix = prefix or placetype suffix = suffix or placetype need_affix = true end if need_affix then affix_is_prefix = affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref" if affix_is_prefix then affix = prefix else affix = suffix end if not affix then if not pt_equiv_for_affix_type then internal_error("Something wrong, `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` not set processing holonym: %s", holonym) end affix = pt_equiv_for_affix_type.placetype if not affix then internal_error("Something wrong, no affix could be located in `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` for " .. "holonym %s: %s", holonym, pt_equiv_for_affix_type) end end no_affix_strings = no_affix_strings or lc(affix) -- ZH: skip pluralize_affix (Chinese doesn't pluralize) end end -- ZH: resolve zh_suffix for the affix placetype before linking. local zh_sfx_to_append = nil if need_affix then local _, zh_sfx = m_zh_data.get_zh_placetype_props(affix, m_placetypes) if zh_sfx then local zh_sfx_str = m_zh_data.format_zh_name(zh_sfx) -- Check if zh_suffix already present in the unlinked output. local unlinked = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(output) if not unlinked:find(zh_sfx_str, 1, true) then zh_sfx_to_append = zh_sfx_str end end end output = link(output, holonym.langcode or placetype and "zh" or nil) -- ZH: for both pref and suf, append zh_suffix directly after the linked name. -- (EN prefix construction "placetype of placename" is not used in Chinese.) if zh_sfx_to_append then output = output .. zh_sfx_to_append end -- No article for Chinese. return output end -- Format holonyms for a ZH old-style place description. -- Collects all holonyms, filters "and"/"or" connectors, reverses for big→small containment order, -- groups consecutive same-type holonyms (peer locations), then joins with ZH enumeration (、/和). -- Returns the concatenated holonym string, e.g. "美國賓夕法尼亞州", "波蘭、白俄羅斯和烏克蘭". local function format_holonyms_zh(place_desc) local holonyms = place_desc.holonyms if not holonyms or #holonyms == 0 then return "" end -- Collect non-"and"/"or"/"的" holonym items with their original indices. -- A raw "的" holonym (from |的| in the template, like enwikt's |of|) signals possessive preposition; -- filter it from display since format_old_style_place_desc_for_display already appends de_particle. local items = {} local has_de_joiner = false for i, h in ipairs(holonyms) do if not h.no_display then local dname = h.display_placename if dname ~= "and" and dname ~= "or" then if not h.placetype and dname == zh_strings.de_particle then has_de_joiner = true else insert(items, {holonym_index = i, placetype = h.placetype}) end end end end -- Separate trailing raw text (items after the last structural holonym) from non-trailing. -- Trailing raw text should NOT be reversed; it is appended after the full description with ，. local last_structural_idx = 0 for i = #items, 1, -1 do if items[i].placetype then last_structural_idx = i break end end local non_trailing = {} local trailing_texts = {} for i = 1, #items do if i <= last_structural_idx then insert(non_trailing, items[i]) else insert(trailing_texts, holonyms[items[i].holonym_index].display_placename) end end -- Reverse non-trailing for big→small order. local reversed = {} for i = #non_trailing, 1, -1 do insert(reversed, non_trailing[i]) end -- Group consecutive items with the same placetype (peers like multiple countries). -- Raw-text holonyms (no placetype) break any current structural group. local groups = {} local i = 1 while i <= #reversed do local item = reversed[i] if not item.placetype then -- Raw text (e.g. "南部", "東北部") forms its own singleton group. local h = holonyms[item.holonym_index] insert(groups, {type = "raw", text = h.display_placename}) i = i + 1 else -- Structural holonym: collect consecutive ones of the same placetype. local group = {type = "structural", items = {item}} local pt = item.placetype i = i + 1 while i <= #reversed do local next_item = reversed[i] if next_item.placetype == pt then insert(group.items, next_item) i = i + 1 else break end end insert(groups, group) end end -- Format each group and assemble. local parts = {} for _, group in ipairs(groups) do if group.type == "raw" then insert(parts, group.text) else local formatted = {} for _, item in ipairs(group.items) do insert(formatted, format_holonym(place_desc, item.holonym_index, false)) end if #formatted == 1 then insert(parts, formatted[1]) elseif #formatted == 2 then insert(parts, formatted[1] .. zh_strings.and_conj .. formatted[2]) else local last = table.remove(formatted) insert(parts, concat(formatted, zh_strings.enum_sep) .. zh_strings.and_conj .. last) end end end return concat(parts), has_de_joiner, trailing_texts end -- Get the Chinese display name for a single (possibly qualified) placetype. -- Strips qualifiers, looks up zh_name via m_zh_data, and prepends translated qualifier text. -- `first_holonym_placetype` enables context-sensitive names (e.g. capital city → 首都/省會/首府). local function get_zh_placetype_name(placetype, first_holonym_placetype) local resolved_pt = m_placetypes.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local zh_name, _, zh_by_holonym = m_zh_data.get_zh_placetype_props(resolved_pt, m_placetypes) if zh_name then local resolved = m_zh_data.resolve_zh_name(zh_name, zh_by_holonym, first_holonym_placetype) return m_zh_data.format_zh_name(resolved) end -- Fallback to English name; add tracking for missing zh_data entries. track("missing-zh-placetype/" .. tostring(placetype)) return placetype end -- Format a single entry placetype (possibly with qualifiers) for ZH display. -- Strips qualifiers from the placetype, translates each qualifier via zh_qualifiers, -- and prepends them to the Chinese placetype name (with wikilink markup applied). local function format_one_zh_placetype(pt, first_holonym_placetype) -- Try progressive qualifier splits; use the first that has a zh_name entry. local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(pt) local qualifier_prefix = "" for _, sp in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_pt = unpack(sp, 1, 3) -- Accumulate qualifier strings. local q_str = "" if prev_qualifier then q_str = (m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers[prev_qualifier] or prev_qualifier) .. (m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers[this_qualifier] or (this_qualifier or "")) elseif this_qualifier then q_str = m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers[this_qualifier] or this_qualifier end local zh_n = m_placetypes.get_zh_placetype_display_form(bare_pt, first_holonym_placetype) if zh_n then -- Found a known ZH entry; return qualifier + linked display form. return q_str .. zh_n end qualifier_prefix = q_str end -- Fallback: translate the full (possibly unrecognized) placetype; link if known. return qualifier_prefix .. (m_placetypes.get_zh_placetype_display_form(pt, first_holonym_placetype) or get_zh_placetype_name(pt, first_holonym_placetype)) end -- Build the ZH entry placetype description from the `placetypes` list. -- Handles "and"/"or" splitting (e.g. "城市/and/市鎮" → "城市和市鎮"), -- multiple placetypes without and/or (joined with "、...和"), -- and context-sensitive names via first_holonym_placetype. local function get_zh_entry_placetype_desc(placetypes, first_holonym_placetype) local is_ignorable = m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable -- Find last and/or position. local and_or_pos for i, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do if pt == "and" or pt == "or" then and_or_pos = i end end if and_or_pos then -- Split into group before and group after the conjunction. local group1, group2 = {}, {} for i = 1, and_or_pos - 1 do if not is_ignorable(placetypes[i]) then insert(group1, format_one_zh_placetype(placetypes[i], first_holonym_placetype)) end end for i = and_or_pos + 1, #placetypes do if not is_ignorable(placetypes[i]) then insert(group2, format_one_zh_placetype(placetypes[i], first_holonym_placetype)) end end local conj_str = placetypes[and_or_pos] == "or" and "或" or zh_strings.and_conj local all = {} for _, v in ipairs(group1) do insert(all, v) end for _, v in ipairs(group2) do insert(all, v) end if #all == 0 then return "" end if #all == 1 then return all[1] end local last = table.remove(all) return concat(all, zh_strings.enum_sep) .. conj_str .. last else -- No explicit and/or: collect all non-ignorable placetypes. local formatted = {} for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do if not is_ignorable(pt) then insert(formatted, format_one_zh_placetype(pt, first_holonym_placetype)) end end if #formatted == 0 then return "" end if #formatted == 1 then return formatted[1] end local last = table.remove(formatted) return concat(formatted, zh_strings.enum_sep) .. zh_strings.and_conj .. last end end -- Return the ZH description of a placetype for use in new-style <<placetype>> segments. local function get_placetype_description(placetype, first_holonym_placetype) return format_one_zh_placetype(placetype, first_holonym_placetype) end -- Return the ZH description of a qualifier for use in new-style <<qualifier>> segments. local function get_qualifier_description(qualifier) -- Trim to just the qualifier word (split_qualifiers_from_placetype requires a trailing non-qualifier word). local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(qualifier .. " foo") local sp = splits[#splits] local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier = unpack(sp, 1, 2) if this_qualifier then local q = m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers[this_qualifier] or this_qualifier if prev_qualifier then return (m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers[prev_qualifier] or prev_qualifier) .. q end return q end return qualifier end -- Format a set of form-of directive terms (unchanged from enwikt, only conjunction uses zh_strings). local function format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl) local formatted_terms = {} local placetypes if not overall_place_spec.descs[2] then placetypes = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes else placetypes = {} for _, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do m_table.extend(placetypes, desc.placetypes) end end for _, termobj in ipairs(directive_terms.terms) do local placename_article if not termobj.alt and termobj.term and not termobj.term:find("%[%[") then placename_article = get_placename_article(termobj.term, placetypes) end local linked_term = m_links.full_link(termobj, "term", nil, "show qualifiers") linked_term = "<span class='form-of-definition-link'>" .. linked_term .. "</span>" if termobj.eq then linked_term = linked_term .. " (= " .. m_links.full_link {term = termobj.eq, lang = zhlang} .. ")" end if placename_article then linked_term = placename_article .. " " .. linked_term end insert(formatted_terms, linked_term) end local spec = directive_terms.spec local text = spec.text if type(text) == "function" then text = text(overall_place_spec) end if text == "+" then text = directive_terms.directive end -- Look up Chinese translation; all non-"+" directives also get translated. local zh_text = m_zh_data.zh_form_of_directive_labels[directive_terms.directive] if zh_text then text = zh_text end if ucfirst then text = m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end if not from_tcl then local tracking_prefix = "form-of/" .. directive_terms.directive track(tracking_prefix) local langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() local full_langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getFullCode() track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. langcode) if full_langcode ~= langcode then track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. full_langcode) end if full_langcode ~= "zh" then track(tracking_prefix .. "/non-chinese") end end return (require(form_of_module).format_form_of { text = text, lemmas = m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = directive_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or zh_strings.and_conj}), lemma_classes = false, }) end -- Format extra-info terms (capital, largest city, modern name, etc.) for ZH. -- * Labels come from m_zh_data.zh_extra_info_labels; capital/caplc use zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type, -- resolved first by entry placetype (國家→首都, 省→省會…), then by holonym placetype as fallback. -- * Separator: "。" + label in sentence style; "；" + label otherwise. -- * Multiple terms joined with 、/和 instead of serial comma. -- * auto_plural is skipped (Chinese doesn't pluralize). local function format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style) local formatted_terms = {} for _, termobj in ipairs(extra_info_terms.terms) do insert(formatted_terms, m_links.full_link(termobj, nil, nil, "show qualifiers")) end local spec = extra_info_terms.spec -- Resolve ZH label: look up by spec.arg, then spec.text as fallback. local zh_label = m_zh_data.zh_extra_info_labels[spec.arg] if not zh_label then -- Try spec.text as the lookup key (e.g. "capital and largest city"). local spec_text = spec.text if type(spec_text) == "function" then spec_text = spec_text(overall_place_spec) end zh_label = m_zh_data.zh_extra_info_labels[spec_text] or spec_text or spec.arg end -- Context-sensitive capital label (首都/省會/首府/縣治…) for `capital=` and `caplc=`. -- Priority: entry placetype (alias-resolved) → holonym placetype → keep existing zh_label. -- For caplc, appends "和最大城市" to the resolved capital label. if spec.arg == "capital" or spec.arg == "caplc" then local cap_label = nil local desc1 = overall_place_spec.descs and overall_place_spec.descs[1] -- 1. Entry placetype (e.g. 國家→country→首都, 省→province→省會) if desc1 then for _, raw_pt in ipairs(desc1.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(raw_pt) and raw_pt ~= "and" and raw_pt ~= "or" then cap_label = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(raw_pt, function(pt) return m_zh_data.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type[pt] end) if cap_label then break end end end end -- 2. Holonym placetype fallback (previous behaviour) if not cap_label and desc1 and desc1.holonyms then for _, h in ipairs(desc1.holonyms) do if h.placetype then cap_label = m_zh_data.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type[h.placetype] if cap_label then break end end end end if cap_label then zh_label = spec.arg == "caplc" and (cap_label .. "和最大城市") or cap_label end end local text = zh_label if spec.with_colon then text = text .. "：" -- full-width colon end if sentence_style and spec.match_sentence_style then text = "。" .. text else text = zh_strings.semicolon .. text end -- Join terms with ZH enumeration. local conj = extra_info_terms.conj or zh_strings.and_conj local joined if #formatted_terms == 0 then joined = "" elseif #formatted_terms == 1 then joined = formatted_terms[1] elseif #formatted_terms == 2 then joined = formatted_terms[1] .. conj .. formatted_terms[2] else local last = table.remove(formatted_terms) joined = concat(formatted_terms, zh_strings.enum_sep) .. conj .. last end return text .. joined end -- Format an old-style place description for ZH display. -- Chinese pattern: [位於|""][holonym_string][的][zh_placetype_name] -- * Holonyms are reversed (big→small), grouped, and joined with 、/和. -- * "位於" is prepended for "in"-type placetypes; omitted for "of"-type (e.g. capitals). -- * args.a (article override) is used as a prefix to the placetype name. local function format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, desc_index, with_article, ucfirst_flag) local placetypes = place_desc.placetypes -- Determine the entry placetype (last non-ignorable, non-conjunction item) for preposition lookup. local entry_placetype_for_prep = nil for i = #placetypes, 1, -1 do local pt = placetypes[i] if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(pt) and pt ~= "and" and pt ~= "or" then entry_placetype_for_prep = pt break end end -- Determine first structured holonym placetype for context-sensitive zh_name lookups. local first_holonym_placetype = nil if place_desc.holonyms then for _, h in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if h.placetype then first_holonym_placetype = h.placetype break end end end -- Build the Chinese placetype description (possibly with qualifiers and multiple types). local zh_pt_name = get_zh_entry_placetype_desc(placetypes, first_holonym_placetype) -- Handle args.a (article override): used as a direct prefix in Chinese, e.g. a=盎格魯撒克遜 → "盎格魯撒克遜王國". if with_article and desc_index == 1 and args.a then zh_pt_name = args.a .. zh_pt_name end -- Build holonym string (reversed, grouped, ZH-joined). -- has_de_joiner is true when a bare |的| token was in the holonym list (like enwikt's |of|). local holonym_str, has_de_joiner, trailing_texts = "", false, {} if place_desc.holonyms and #place_desc.holonyms > 0 then holonym_str, has_de_joiner, trailing_texts = format_holonyms_zh(place_desc) end -- Determine preposition style ("in" → 位於…的; "of" → …的 with no 位於). -- An explicit |的| joiner in the template overrides to possessive (no 位於). local use_wei_yu = true if has_de_joiner then use_wei_yu = false elseif entry_placetype_for_prep then local prep = m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype_for_prep) if prep == "of" then use_wei_yu = false end end -- Assemble final string. local result if holonym_str ~= "" then if use_wei_yu then result = zh_strings.in_preposition .. holonym_str .. zh_strings.de_particle .. zh_pt_name else result = holonym_str .. zh_strings.de_particle .. zh_pt_name end else result = zh_pt_name end if #trailing_texts > 0 then result = result .. zh_strings.trans_sep .. concat(trailing_texts, zh_strings.trans_sep) end return result end --[==[ Get the full gloss (Chinese description) of a new-style place description. New-style place descriptions are specified with a single string containing raw text interspersed with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>`. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, with_article) local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end -- args.a not used in Chinese (no article system). local first_holonym_placetype = nil if place_desc.holonyms then for _, h in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if h.placetype then first_holonym_placetype = h.placetype break end end end local max_holonym = 0 for _, order in ipairs(place_desc.order) do local segment_type, segment = order.type, order.value if segment_type == "raw" then ins(segment) elseif segment_type == "placetype" then ins(get_placetype_description(segment, first_holonym_placetype)) elseif segment_type == "qualifier" then ins(get_qualifier_description(segment)) elseif segment_type == "holonym" then ins(format_holonym(place_desc, segment, false)) if segment > max_holonym then max_holonym = segment end else internal_error("Unrecognized segment type %s", segment_type) end end if place_desc.holonyms and max_holonym < #place_desc.holonyms then local holonym_no_prefix = true for holonym_index = max_holonym + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do -- Append remaining holonyms with a space prefix (no "in"/"of" for new-style). ins(" " .. format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, false)) holonym_no_prefix = false end end return concat(parts) end -- Return a string with the gloss (the description of the place itself, as opposed to translations). -- `sentence_style` controls whether extra-info uses "。" (sentence) or "；" (semicolon) separation. local function get_display_form(data) local overall_place_spec, ucfirst, sentence_style, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = data.overall_place_spec, data.ucfirst, data.sentence_style, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.from_tcl local args = overall_place_spec.args local parts = {} local function ins(txt) table.insert(parts, txt) end if overall_place_spec.directives and overall_place_spec.directives[1] then for i, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do ins(directive_terms.pretext) if directive_terms.pretext ~= "" then ucfirst = false end if not args.def or args.def == "-" then ins(format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl)) ucfirst = false if i == #overall_place_spec.directives and directive_terms.posttext then ins(directive_terms.posttext) end end end end if args.def == "-" then return concat(parts) end if args.def then if args.def:find("<<") then local def_desc = export.parse_new_style_place_desc(args.def, args[1]) ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display({}, def_desc, false)) else ins(args.def) end else local include_article = true for n, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do if desc.order then ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n == 1)) else ins(format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n, include_article, ucfirst)) end if desc.joiner then ins(desc.joiner) end include_article = desc.include_following_article ucfirst = false end end local addl = args.addl if addl then if addl:find("^[;:]") then ins(addl) elseif addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. addl:sub(2)) else ins("，" .. addl) end end for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do if not drop_extra_info or extra_info_terms.spec.display_even_when_dropped or extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_terms.spec.arg] then ins(format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style)) end end return concat(parts) end -- Return the definition line. -- ZH: sentence_style is always true; ucfirst is always false (no case in Chinese); -- parentheses around glosses are full-width （）. local function get_def(data) local overall_place_spec, from_tcl, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, translation_follows = data.overall_place_spec, data.from_tcl, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.translation_follows local args = overall_place_spec.args local sentence_style = true -- always sentence style in Chinese local ucfirst = false -- Chinese has no case if #args.t > 0 then local gloss = get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = false, sentence_style = false, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } if from_tcl and not args.tcl_nolc then gloss = m_strutils.lcfirst(gloss) end if translation_follows then return (gloss == "" and "" or gloss .. "：") .. get_translations(args.t, args.tid) else return get_translations(args.t, args.tid) .. (gloss == "" and "" or zh_strings.paren_open .. gloss .. zh_strings.paren_close) end else return get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = ucfirst, sentence_style = sentence_style, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } end end ---------- Functions for the category wikicode -- The code in this section finds the categories to which a given place belongs. See enwikt [[Module:place]] -- for detailed documentation of the algorithm. --[=[ Find the appropriate category specs for a given place description and placetype. See enwikt [[Module:place]] for detailed documentation. ]=] local function find_placetype_cat_specs(data) local entry_placetype, place_desc, first_holonym_index, overriding_holonym, from_demonym = data.entry_placetype, data.place_desc, data.first_holonym_index, data.overriding_holonym, data.from_demonym local form_of_directive = data.form_of_directive local function fetch_cat_specs(holonym_to_match, index, no_fallback) local holonym_placetype = holonym_to_match.placetype if not holonym_placetype then return nil end local holonym_placename = holonym_to_match.unlinked_placename if not holonym_placename then internal_error("Missing unlinked_placename in holonym (index %s): %s", index, holonym_to_match) end local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return m_placetypes.political_division_cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_pt, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end local cat_handler, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data and entry_placetype_data.cat_handler then return entry_placetype_data.cat_handler end end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_handler then local cat_specs = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end if not no_fallback then local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data then return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return entry_placetype_data[equiv_holonym_pt .. "/*"] end) end end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end return nil end if overriding_holonym then local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(overriding_holonym, nil) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = overriding_holonym, } end else -- First pass: no fallback (exact entry placetype match only). for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i, "no_fallback") if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end -- Second pass: with fallback. for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end end return nil end -- Turn a list of category specs (see comment at section top) into the corresponding categories -- (minus the language code prefix). local function cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data) local all_cats = {} local cat_specs, entry_placetype, triggering_holonym, triggering_holonym_index = cat_data.cat_specs, cat_data.entry_placetype, cat_data.triggering_holonym, cat_data.triggering_holonym_index if triggering_holonym then for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then -- ZH: 1-char zh_name → "的" + name (e.g. "的省"); 2+ chars → no "的" (e.g. "城市"). local zh_raw = m_placetypes.get_zh_placetype_name(entry_placetype) local de = zh_raw and m_placetypes.zh_cat_de(zh_raw) or zh_strings.de_particle local zh_str = zh_raw and m_zh_data.format_zh_name(zh_raw) or entry_placetype cat = "+++" .. de .. zh_str else cat = cat_spec end if cat:find("%+%+%+") then local group, key, spec, container_trail = m_placetypes.find_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = triggering_holonym_index, place_desc = place_desc, } if group then cat = cat:gsub("%+%+%+", m_strutils.replacement_escape(m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))) insert(all_cats, cat) else mw.log(("Unable to insert category for cat spec '%s' because holonym '%s/%s' did not match a " .. "known location"):format(cat, triggering_holonym.placetype, triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename)) track("cant-match-holonym-for-category-spec") end else insert(all_cats, cat) end end else for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then -- ZH: bare placetype category (e.g. "城市") cat = get_zh_placetype_name(entry_placetype) else cat = cat_spec if cat:find("%+%+%+") then internal_error("Category %s contains +++ but there is no holonym to substitute", cat) end end insert(all_cats, cat) end end return all_cats end -- Return the categories (without initial lang code) that should be added to the entry, given the place description -- and a particular entry placetype. local function get_placetype_cats(place_desc, entry_placetype, from_demonym, form_of_directive) local cats = {} local first_holonym_index = 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do local cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } if not cat_data then break end local triggering_holonym = cat_data.triggering_holonym if not triggering_holonym then internal_error("find_placetype_cat_specs should have returned a triggering holonym: %s", cat_data) end extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data)) first_holonym_index = cat_data.triggering_holonym_index local equiv_triggering_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(triggering_holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true}) for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_triggering_placetypes) do local other_holonyms_of_same_type = place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[equiv.placetype] if other_holonyms_of_same_type then for _, other_placename_of_same_type in ipairs(other_holonyms_of_same_type) do if other_placename_of_same_type ~= triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename then local overriding_holonym = { placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, unlinked_placename = other_placename_of_same_type, } local other_cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, overriding_holonym = overriding_holonym, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } if other_cat_data then extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, other_cat_data)) end end end end end first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do if place_desc.holonyms[first_holonym_index].continue_cat_loop then break end first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 end end if cats[1] then return cats end local entry_pt_default, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(pt) return m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt] and m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt].default end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive}) if entry_pt_default then return cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, { cat_specs = entry_pt_default, entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, }) end return {} end --[==[ Iterate through each type of place and return a list of the categories that need to be added to the entry. See enwikt [[Module:place]] for detailed documentation. ]==] function export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec, from_demonym) local cats = {} local place_descriptions = overall_place_spec.descs handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, m_placetypes.cat_implications) m_placetypes.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descriptions) if overall_place_spec.directives then for _, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do local spec_cats = directive_terms.spec.cat if spec_cats then if type(spec_cats) == "string" then spec_cats = {spec_cats} end for _, spec_cat in ipairs(spec_cats) do insert(cats, spec_cat) end end if directive_terms.spec.type_prefix then for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype, from_demonym, directive_terms.spec.type_prefix)) end end end end end end if not from_demonym then local bare_categories = m_placetypes.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec) extend(cats, bare_categories) end for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if not from_demonym then for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype)) end end end extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, "*", from_demonym)) end if args.cat then for _, cat in ipairs(args.cat) do local split_cats = split_on_comma(cat) extend(cats, split_cats) end end return cats end -- Return the category wikicode for a list of categories. -- ZH: uses `lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cat` format for regular categories (same as cln: format in enwikt), -- matching zhwikt's convention of "漢語 XX" category names instead of "zh:XX". local function format_cats(lang, cats, sort_key) local full_cats = {} local langname = lang:getFullName() for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do local cln_cat = cat:match("^cln:(.*)$") if cln_cat then insert(full_cats, langname .. " " .. cln_cat) else -- ZH: use langname prefix instead of langcode:cat insert(full_cats, langname .. " " .. cat) end end return require(utilities_module).format_categories(full_cats, lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat or m_placetypes.get_force_cat()) end ----------- Main entry point --[==[ Implementation of {{tl|place}}. Meant to be callable from another module. See enwikt [[Module:place]] for full documentation of the `data` argument fields. ]==] function export.format(data) local template_args = data.template_args local list_param = {list = true} local boolean_param = {type = "boolean"} local params = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, [2] = {required = true, list = true}, ["t"] = list_param, ["tid"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["cat"] = list_param, ["nocat"] = boolean_param, ["nocap"] = boolean_param, ["sort"] = true, ["pagename"] = true, -- for testing or documentation purposes ["a"] = true, ["addl"] = true, ["def"] = true, -- params that are only used when transcluding using {{tcl}}/{{transclude}}, to transmit information to {{tcl}}. ["tcl"] = true, ["tcl_t"] = list_param, ["tcl_tid"] = list_param, ["tcl_nolb"] = true, ["tcl_nolc"] = boolean_param, ["tcl_noextratext"] = boolean_param, } -- add "extra info" parameters for _, extra_arg_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do params[extra_arg_spec.arg] = list_param end if template_args.def == "" then error("Cannot currently pass def= as an empty parameter; use def=- if you want to suppress the definition display") end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(template_args, params) if args.a then track("a") end data.args = args local overall_place_spec = parse_overall_place_spec(data) data.overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec return get_def(data) .. ( args.nocat and "" or format_cats(args[1], export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec), args.sort)) end --[==[ Actual entry point of {{tl|place}}. ]==] function export.show(frame) return export.format { template_args = frame:getParent().args, } end return export cyxf7ogd6qgww6jugsjbffw7n0hwqbf 828 1629828 9800213 9790150 2026-05-29T18:30:02Z TongcyDai 53191 9800213 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[==[ Chinese localization data for [[Module:place]]. Fields per placetype entry: zh_name -- Chinese display name in definition sentences (string or {string,...}) zh_suffix -- Chinese suffix for :pref/:suf holonym modifiers; if nil, falls back to zh_name zh_name_by_holonym_type -- context-sensitive Chinese name keyed by the first holonym's placetype; -- used when the correct term depends on what the place is capital/seat of zh_preposition -- "in" (→ 位於…的) or "of" (→ …的); nil means inherit from enwikt `preposition` field -- Only needed when the Chinese preposition differs from the English one. Multiple-regional-variant names are stored as arrays {"primary", "alt1", "alt2",...}. - The first element is the canonical/primary form used in categories. - All elements are displayed, joined with "/" in holonym context. For zh_suffix with regional variants, use the same array convention. ]==] -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Placetype qualifier translations -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Maps English qualifier words (as canonicalized in placetype_qualifiers) to -- their Chinese equivalents. Used when displaying qualified placetypes such as -- "前城市"、"古代王國" etc. export.zh_qualifiers = { -- Historicity ["former"] = "前", ["ancient"] = "古代", ["medieval"] = "中世紀", ["historical"] = "歷史上的", ["extinct"] = "已消亡的", ["abandoned"] = "廢棄的", ["deserted"] = "廢棄的", ["ruined"] = "廢墟", -- Hypothetical ["fictional"] = "虛構的", ["mythological"]= "神話中的", -- Size ["small"] = "小", ["large"] = "大", ["major"] = "主要的", ["minor"] = "次要的", ["tiny"] = "微小的", ["huge"] = "龐大的", -- Coastal/water ["coastal"] = "沿海", ["inland"] = "內陸", ["maritime"] = "濱海", ["riverine"] = "沿河", -- Direction (adjectival use before holonym) ["northern"] = "北部", ["southern"] = "南部", ["eastern"] = "東部", ["western"] = "西部", ["central"] = "中部", ["northeastern"]= "東北部", ["northwestern"]= "西北部", ["southeastern"]= "東南部", ["southwestern"]= "西南部", -- Status ["autonomous"] = "自治", ["independent"] = "獨立的", ["unincorporated"] = "非建制", ["incorporated"] = "建制", ["rural"] = "農村", ["urban"] = "城市", ["suburban"] = "郊區", ["industrial"] = "工業", -- Terrain ["mountainous"] = "山地", ["volcanic"] = "火山", ["peninsular"] = "半島", ["insular"] = "島嶼", -- Habitation / access ["landlocked"] = "內陸", ["uninhabited"] = "無人", ["overseas"] = "海外", -- Historical register ["traditional"] = "傳統", -- Legal/political status ["planned"] = "計劃性", ["de facto"] = "事實上的", ["de jure"] = "法理上的", } -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Extra-info label translations -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Maps the enwikt extra-info parameter names to Chinese display labels. -- Used when appending "首都：X"、"最大城市：X" etc. to definitions. export.zh_extra_info_labels = { ["capital"] = "首都", -- overridden for non-country holonyms; see zh_capital_label_by_holonym ["largest city"] = "最大城市", ["capital and largest city"] = "首都和最大城市", ["official"] = "官方名稱", ["modern"] = "現代名稱", ["full"] = "全稱", ["seat"] = "治所", ["county seat"] = "縣治", ["borough seat"] = "區治", ["parish seat"] = "教區治所", ["shire town"] = "郡鎮", } -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Form-of directive label translations -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Maps English @-directive canonical keys to Chinese display text. -- Used in format_form_of_directive; text is appended to the lemma link: -- [[比利時]]的官方名稱：... -- All values begin with 的 because zhwikt's Module:form of puts lemmas before text. export.zh_form_of_directive_labels = { ["official name of"] = "的官方名稱", ["former name of"] = "的舊名", ["ancient name of"] = "的古名", ["former official name of"] = "的前官方名稱", ["long form of"] = "的全稱", ["former long form of"] = "的前全稱", ["nickname for"] = "的別稱", ["official nickname for"] = "的官方別稱", ["former nickname for"] = "的前別稱", ["derogatory name for"] = "的貶稱", ["synonym of"] = "的同義詞", ["abbreviation of"] = "的縮寫", ["initialism of"] = "的首字母縮略詞", ["acronym of"] = "的頭字語", ["syllabic abbreviation of"] = "的音節縮略", ["ellipsis of"] = "的省略形式", ["clipping of"] = "的截略形式", ["alternative form of"] = "的替代形式", ["alternative spelling of"] = "的替代拼寫", ["dated form of"] = "的舊式寫法", ["dated spelling of"] = "的舊式拼寫", ["archaic form of"] = "的古式寫法", ["archaic spelling of"] = "的古式拼寫", ["obsolete form of"] = "的廢棄形式", ["obsolete spelling of"] = "的廢棄拼寫", } -- Context-sensitive label for `capital=` parameter, keyed by entry placetype. -- When a capital-bearing placetype is identified, we look up the holonym type -- to determine the correct Chinese term for the capital. Falls back to "首都". export.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type = { ["country"] = "首都", ["constituent country"]= "首都", ["state"] = "首府", ["province"] = "省會", ["territory"] = "首府", ["region"] = "首府", ["administrative region"] = "首府", ["autonomous region"] = "首府", ["county"] = "縣治", ["district"] = "區治", ["department"] = "省治", ["prefecture"] = "縣治", } -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Special-syntax string translations -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Miscellaneous fixed strings used in building definition sentences. export.zh_strings = { in_preposition = "位於", -- prepended for "in" placetypes -- "of" placetypes use no prepositional prefix; holonym directly precedes 的 de_particle = "的", -- possessive/locative particle and_conj = "和", -- final conjunction in enumerations enum_sep = "、", -- enumeration separator (replaces serial comma) multi_name_sep = "/", -- separator for regional name variants (e.g. 格魯吉亞/喬治亞) trans_sep = "，", -- separator for multiple t1/t2 translations paren_open = "（", paren_close = "）", semicolon = "；", -- multiple-description join (replaces "; ") former_name_of = "的舊稱", -- @former name of:X → "X的舊稱" } -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Placetype data (zh_ fields) -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Keys match the canonical English placetype keys in enwikt's placetype_data. -- Entries without zh_name will be looked up recursively through enwikt's -- `fallback` chain until a zh_name is found; if none found, the English name -- is displayed and a tracking category is added. export.zh_placetype_data = { -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Top-level polities -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["country"] = { zh_name = "國家", zh_suffix = "國", }, ["city-state"] = { zh_name = "城邦", }, ["polity"] = { zh_name = "政治實體", }, ["empire"] = { zh_name = "帝國", zh_suffix = "帝國", }, ["kingdom"] = { zh_name = "王國", zh_suffix = "王國", }, ["republic"] = { zh_name = "共和國", zh_suffix = "共和國", }, ["federation"] = { zh_name = "聯邦", zh_suffix = "聯邦", }, ["confederation"] = { zh_name = "邦聯", zh_suffix = "邦聯", }, ["monarchy"] = { zh_name = "君主國", }, ["principality"] = { zh_name = "公國", zh_suffix = "公國", }, ["duchy"] = { zh_name = "公國", zh_suffix = "公國", }, ["caliphate"] = { zh_name = "哈里發國", }, ["khanate"] = { zh_name = "汗國", zh_suffix = "汗國", }, ["emirate"] = { zh_name = "酋長國", zh_suffix = "酋長國", }, ["bailiwick"] = { zh_name = "行政管轄區", }, ["captaincy"] = { zh_name = "都督區", }, ["microstate"] = { zh_name = "微型國家", }, ["unrecognized country"] = { zh_name = "未獲承認的國家", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Constituent / pseudo-countries -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["constituent country"] = { -- England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland within the UK zh_name = "構成國", zh_suffix = "構成國", }, ["autonomous community"] = { -- Spain zh_name = "自治區", zh_suffix = "自治區", }, ["autonomous republic"] = { zh_name = "自治共和國", zh_suffix = "自治共和國", }, ["special administrative region"] = { -- China: Hong Kong, Macau zh_name = "特別行政區", zh_suffix = "特別行政區", }, ["dependent territory"] = { zh_name = "屬地", }, ["overseas territory"] = { zh_name = "海外屬地", }, ["Crown dependency"] = { zh_name = "王室屬地", }, ["crown dependency"] = { zh_name = "王室屬地", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- First-level administrative divisions -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["state"] = { zh_name = "州", zh_suffix = "州", }, ["province"] = { zh_name = "省", zh_suffix = "省", zh_name_by_holonym_type = { ["empire"] = "行省", }, }, ["provinces and autonomous regions"] = { -- Combined cat_as used for China's provinces + ARs (mirrors enwikt cat_as grouping). zh_name = "省和自治區", }, ["counties and county-level cities"] = { zh_name = "縣和縣級市", }, ["states and union territories"] = { zh_name = "邦和聯邦直轄區", }, ["states and FCT"] = { zh_name = "州和聯邦首都轄區", }, ["provinces and territories"] = { zh_name = "省和地區", }, ["states and territories"] = { zh_name = "州和地區", }, ["metropolitan regions"] = { zh_name = "大區", }, ["constituent countries"] = { zh_name = "構成國", }, ["territory"] = { zh_name = "地區", zh_suffix = "地區", }, ["region"] = { zh_name = "地區", -- fallback; specific regions use location data (e.g. 法國大區) zh_suffix = "地區", }, ["administrative region"] = { zh_name = "行政區", zh_suffix = "行政區", }, ["autonomous region"] = { zh_name = "自治區", zh_suffix = "自治區", }, ["autonomous oblast"] = { zh_name = "自治州", zh_suffix = "自治州", }, ["autonomous okrug"] = { zh_name = "自治區", zh_suffix = "自治區", }, ["autonomous province"] = { zh_name = "自治省", zh_suffix = "自治省", }, ["autonomous prefecture"] = { zh_name = "自治州", zh_suffix = "自治州", }, ["autonomous territory"] = { zh_name = "自治領地", }, ["autonomous territorial unit"] = { -- Moldova (Gagauzia, Transnistria) zh_name = "自治地域單位", }, ["federal subject"] = { -- Russia zh_name = "聯邦主體", }, ["voivodeship"] = { -- Poland zh_name = "省", zh_suffix = "省", }, ["oblast"] = { -- Russia/Ukraine zh_name = "州", zh_suffix = "州", }, ["okrug"] = { zh_name = "區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["krai"] = { -- Russia zh_name = "邊疆區", zh_suffix = "邊疆區", }, ["raion"] = { -- Ukraine/Russia zh_name = "區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["department"] = { -- France and other countries zh_name = "省", zh_suffix = "省", }, ["governorate"] = { zh_name = "省", zh_suffix = "省", }, ["canton"] = { -- Switzerland, Luxembourg etc. zh_name = "州", zh_suffix = "州", }, ["division"] = { zh_name = "省", zh_suffix = "省", }, ["periphery"] = { -- Greece zh_name = "大區", zh_suffix = "大區", }, ["collectivity"] = { -- France overseas zh_name = "集體", }, ["commonwealth"] = { -- Puerto Rico zh_name = "自由邦", }, ["constituent republic"] = { -- Yugoslavia/Russia zh_name = "加盟共和國", zh_suffix = "共和國", }, ["colony"] = { zh_name = "殖民地", }, ["viceroyalty"] = { zh_name = "副王轄地", }, ["regency"] = { zh_name = "縣", zh_suffix = "縣", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Second-level and lower administrative divisions -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["county"] = { zh_name = "縣", zh_suffix = "縣", }, ["district"] = { zh_name = "區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["municipality"] = { zh_name = "市鎮", zh_suffix = "市鎮", }, ["commune"] = { zh_name = "市鎮", }, ["comune"] = { -- Italy/Switzerland zh_name = "市鎮", }, ["borough"] = { zh_name = "區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["metropolitan borough"] = { zh_name = "都會區", zh_suffix = "都會區", }, ["London borough"] = { zh_name = "倫敦區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["royal borough"] = { zh_name = "皇家自治市", }, ["county borough"] = { zh_name = "郡市", zh_suffix = "郡市", }, ["parish"] = { zh_name = "教區", zh_suffix = "教區", }, ["civil parish"] = { zh_name = "教區", zh_suffix = "教區", }, ["council area"] = { -- Scotland zh_name = "議會地區", zh_suffix = "議會地區", }, ["prefecture"] = { -- Japan: 縣（ken）; France: 省治城市（handled by capital city logic） zh_name = "都道府縣", zh_suffix = "縣", }, ["prefecture-level city"] = { -- China zh_name = "地級市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["county-level city"] = { -- China zh_name = "縣級市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["subprovincial city"] = { -- China zh_name = "副省級市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["direct-administered municipality"] = { -- China (Beijing, Shanghai, etc.) zh_name = "直轄市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["special municipality"] = { -- Taiwan (Taipei, New Taipei etc.) zh_name = "直轄市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["county-administered city"] = { -- Taiwan zh_name = "縣轄市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["special ward"] = { -- Tokyo zh_name = "特別區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["municipal district"] = { zh_name = "市轄區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["subdistrict"] = { zh_name = "街道", zh_suffix = "街道", }, ["township"] = { zh_name = "鄉", zh_suffix = "鄉", }, ["rural township"] = { -- Taiwan zh_name = "鄉", zh_suffix = "鄉", }, ["urban township"] = { zh_name = "鎮", zh_suffix = "鎮", }, ["mountain indigenous township"] = { -- Taiwan zh_name = "山地原住民鄉", zh_suffix = "鄉", }, ["mountain indigenous district"] = { -- Taiwan zh_name = "山地原住民區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["community development block"] = { -- India zh_name = "社區發展區", }, ["union territory"] = { -- India zh_name = "聯合地區", }, ["hromada"] = { -- Ukraine zh_name = "社區", zh_suffix = "社區", }, ["urban hromada"] = { zh_name = "城市社區", zh_suffix = "社區", }, ["rural hromada"] = { zh_name = "農村社區", zh_suffix = "社區", }, ["settlement hromada"] = { zh_name = "聚落社區", zh_suffix = "社區", }, ["regional unit"] = { -- Greece zh_name = "地區單位", zh_suffix = "地區", }, ["regional county municipality"] = { -- Quebec zh_name = "地區縣市", }, ["regional district"] = { -- Canada zh_name = "地區區", }, ["regional municipality"] = { zh_name = "地區市", }, ["local government area"] = { -- Australia zh_name = "地方政府區", }, ["local government district"] = { zh_name = "地方政府區", }, ["arrondissement"] = { zh_name = "區", zh_suffix = "區", }, ["cercle"] = { -- Mali zh_name = "縣", }, ["geopolitical zone"] = { -- Nigeria zh_name = "地緣政治區", }, ["enclave"] = { zh_name = "飛地", }, ["exclave"] = { zh_name = "外飛地", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Capitals and seats -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["capital city"] = { -- Default for most contexts; see zh_name_by_holonym_type for overrides zh_name = "首府", zh_name_by_holonym_type = { ["country"] = "首都", ["constituent country"] = "首都", ["microstate"] = "首都", ["city-state"] = "首都", ["state"] = "首府", ["territory"] = "首府", ["region"] = "首府", ["administrative region"] = "首府", ["autonomous region"] = "首府", ["province"] = "省會", ["autonomous province"] = "省會", ["county"] = "縣治", ["district"] = "區治", ["department"] = "省治", ["prefecture"] = "縣治", ["municipality"] = "市治", }, }, ["capital"] = { -- Alias for capital city; same logic zh_name = "首府", zh_name_by_holonym_type = { ["country"] = "首都", ["constituent country"] = "首都", ["state"] = "首府", ["territory"] = "首府", ["region"] = "首府", ["province"] = "省會", ["county"] = "縣治", ["district"] = "區治", ["department"] = "省治", }, }, ["state capital"] = { zh_name = "首府", }, ["provincial capital"] = { zh_name = "省會", }, ["regional capital"] = { zh_name = "首府", }, ["district capital"] = { zh_name = "區治", }, ["departmental capital"] = { zh_name = "省治", }, ["national capital"] = { zh_name = "首都", }, ["administrative capital"] = { zh_name = "行政首都", }, ["legislative capital"] = { zh_name = "立法首都", }, ["judicial capital"] = { zh_name = "司法首都", }, ["royal capital"] = { zh_name = "王都", }, ["co-capital"] = { zh_name = "共同首都", }, ["largest city"] = { zh_name = "最大城市", }, ["caplc"] = { zh_name = "首都和最大城市", }, ["non-city capital"] = { zh_name = "首府", }, ["county seat"] = { zh_name = "縣治", }, ["county town"] = { zh_name = "縣城", }, ["borough seat"] = { zh_name = "區治", }, ["parish seat"] = { zh_name = "教區治所", }, ["shire town"] = { zh_name = "郡鎮", }, ["administrative center"] = { zh_name = "行政中心", }, ["administrative centre"] = { zh_name = "行政中心", }, ["administrative headquarters"] = { zh_name = "行政總部", }, ["French prefecture"] = { -- A city that is the administrative capital of a French department zh_name = "省府", zh_name_by_holonym_type = { ["department"] = "省府", }, }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Cities and urban settlements -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["city"] = { zh_name = "城市", zh_suffix = "市", }, ["town"] = { zh_name = "鎮", zh_suffix = "鎮", }, ["village"] = { zh_name = "村", zh_suffix = "村", }, ["hamlet"] = { zh_name = "小村", }, ["locality"] = { zh_name = "村落", }, ["settlement"] = { zh_name = "聚落", }, ["populated place"] = { zh_name = "居民點", }, ["neighborhood"] = { zh_name = "街區", }, ["neighbourhood"] = { zh_name = "街區", }, ["suburb"] = { zh_name = "郊區", }, ["community"] = { zh_name = "社區", }, ["urban area"] = { zh_name = "城市地區", }, ["residential area"] = { zh_name = "住宅區", }, ["housing estate"] = { zh_name = "住宅區", }, ["planned community"] = { zh_name = "計劃社區", }, ["administrative village"] = { zh_name = "行政村", zh_suffix = "村", }, ["barangay"] = { -- Philippines zh_name = "里", }, ["barrio"] = { zh_name = "里", }, ["kibbutz"] = { zh_name = "集體農場", }, ["ghost town"] = { zh_name = "鬼城", }, ["unincorporated community"] = { zh_name = "非建制社區", }, ["census-designated place"] = { zh_name = "人口普查指定地區", }, ["military base"] = { zh_name = "軍事基地", }, ["research station"] = { zh_name = "研究站", }, ["home rule city"] = { zh_name = "自治市", }, ["federal district"] = { zh_name = "聯邦特區", zh_suffix = "特區", }, ["independent city"] = { zh_name = "獨立市", }, ["autonomous city"] = { zh_name = "自治市", }, ["port city"] = { zh_name = "港市", }, ["port town"] = { zh_name = "港鎮", }, ["market town"] = { zh_name = "市集鎮", }, ["resort town"] = { zh_name = "度假鎮", }, ["new town"] = { zh_name = "新市鎮", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Geographic / natural features -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["continent"] = { zh_name = "大洲", zh_suffix = "大洲", }, ["大陸"] = { zh_name = "大陸", zh_suffix = "大陸", }, ["continental region"] = { zh_name = "大洲地區", }, ["supercontinent"] = { zh_name = "超大陸", }, ["continents and continental regions!"] = { zh_name = "大洲和大洲地區", }, ["ocean"] = { zh_name = "大洋", zh_suffix = "大洋", }, ["sea"] = { zh_name = "海", zh_suffix = "海", }, ["inland sea"] = { zh_name = "內陸海", }, ["marginal sea"] = { zh_name = "邊緣海", }, ["river"] = { zh_name = "河", zh_suffix = "河", }, ["河流"] = { zh_name = "河流", zh_suffix = "河", }, ["lake"] = { zh_name = "湖", zh_suffix = "湖", }, ["reservoir"] = { zh_name = "水庫", zh_suffix = "水庫", }, ["stream"] = { zh_name = "溪", zh_suffix = "溪", }, ["creek"] = { zh_name = "溪", zh_suffix = "溪", }, ["bay"] = { zh_name = "灣", zh_suffix = "灣", }, ["gulf"] = { zh_name = "海灣", zh_suffix = "海灣", }, ["fjord"] = { zh_name = "峽灣", }, ["strait"] = { zh_name = "海峽", zh_suffix = "海峽", }, ["channel"] = { zh_name = "水道", zh_suffix = "水道", }, ["inlet"] = { zh_name = "海灣", zh_suffix = "灣", }, ["arm"] = { zh_name = "海灣", }, ["island"] = { zh_name = "島嶼", zh_suffix = "島", }, ["islet"] = { zh_name = "小島", zh_suffix = "島", }, ["island group"] = { zh_name = "群島", }, ["archipelago"] = { zh_name = "群島", zh_suffix = "群島", }, ["列島"] = { zh_name = "列島", zh_suffix = "列島", }, ["atoll"] = { zh_name = "環礁", zh_suffix = "環礁", }, ["peninsula"] = { zh_name = "半島", zh_suffix = "半島", }, ["spit"] = { zh_name = "沙嘴", }, ["cape"] = { zh_name = "角", zh_suffix = "角", }, ["headland"] = { zh_name = "岬角", }, ["mountain"] = { zh_name = "山", zh_suffix = "山", }, ["hill"] = { zh_name = "丘", zh_suffix = "丘", }, ["mountain range"] = { zh_name = "山脈", zh_suffix = "山脈", }, ["mountain pass"] = { zh_name = "山口", }, ["plateau"] = { zh_name = "高原", zh_suffix = "高原", }, ["valley"] = { zh_name = "谷", zh_suffix = "谷", }, ["glen"] = { zh_name = "峽谷", }, ["volcano"] = { zh_name = "火山", zh_suffix = "火山", }, ["forest"] = { zh_name = "林地", zh_suffix = "林", }, ["moor"] = { zh_name = "荒原", }, ["desert"] = { zh_name = "沙漠", zh_suffix = "沙漠", }, ["beach"] = { zh_name = "海灘", zh_suffix = "海灘", }, ["bodies of water!"] = { zh_name = "水體", }, ["spring"] = { zh_name = "泉", zh_suffix = "泉", }, ["hot spring"] = { zh_name = "溫泉", zh_suffix = "溫泉", }, ["tributary"] = { zh_name = "支流", }, ["distributary"] = { zh_name = "分流", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Geographic / cultural regions (non-admin) -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["geographic and cultural area"] = { zh_name = "地理文化區域", }, ["geographic region"] = { zh_name = "地理區域", }, ["historical region"] = { zh_name = "歷史地區", }, ["historic region"] = { zh_name = "歷史地區", }, ["cultural region"] = { zh_name = "文化地區", }, ["subregion"] = { zh_name = "次地區", }, ["macroregion"] = { zh_name = "大區域", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Man-made structures -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["airport"] = { zh_name = "機場", }, ["port"] = { zh_name = "港口", }, ["bridge"] = { zh_name = "橋", }, ["road"] = { zh_name = "道路", }, ["highway"] = { zh_name = "公路", }, ["motorway"] = { zh_name = "高速公路", }, ["street"] = { zh_name = "街道", }, ["building"] = { zh_name = "建築物", }, ["university"] = { zh_name = "大學", }, ["park"] = { zh_name = "公園", }, ["national park"] = { zh_name = "國家公園", }, ["metro station"] = { zh_name = "地鐵站", }, ["temple"] = { zh_name = "廟宇", }, ["castle"] = { zh_name = "城堡", }, -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Misc / hypothetical -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ["fictional location"] = { zh_name = "虛構地點", }, ["mythological location"] = { zh_name = "神話地點", }, ["star"] = { zh_name = "恆星", }, ["space station"] = { zh_name = "太空站", }, -- Former-place grouping categories (mirrors enwikt bare_category_parent chain) ["former countries and country-like entities"] = { zh_name = "前國家和類國家實體", }, ["former polities"] = { zh_name = "前政治實體", }, } -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper: look up zh_name for a placetype via fallback chain -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Looks up zh_name (and optionally zh_name_by_holonym_type) for a given -- placetype, recursively following the enwikt fallback chain if needed. -- Returns zh_name (string or table), zh_suffix (string or table or nil), -- zh_name_by_holonym_type (table or nil). -- `m_pt` should be the enwikt place-placetypes module (for fallback data). function export.get_zh_placetype_props(placetype, m_pt) local visited = {} local current = placetype while current and not visited[current] do visited[current] = true local zh = export.zh_placetype_data[current] if zh and zh.zh_name then return zh.zh_name, zh.zh_suffix, zh.zh_name_by_holonym_type end -- Follow enwikt fallback if m_pt then local ptdata = m_pt.placetype_data[current] if ptdata and ptdata.fallback then current = ptdata.fallback -- Strip FORMER/ANCIENT prefixes from synthetic fallbacks like "FORMER settlement" current = current:match("^FORMER (.+)$") or current:match("^ANCIENT (.+)$") or current else break end else break end end return nil, nil, nil end -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper: resolve zh_name given holonym context -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Given the zh_name (possibly a table of variants) and zh_name_by_holonym_type, -- and the holonym's placetype, return the appropriate Chinese name string. -- If multiple variants, returns the array (caller joins with zh_strings.multi_name_sep). function export.resolve_zh_name(zh_name, zh_name_by_holonym_type, holonym_placetype) if zh_name_by_holonym_type and holonym_placetype then local override = zh_name_by_holonym_type[holonym_placetype] if override then return override end end return zh_name end -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper: format zh_name for display (join variants with "/") -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- function export.format_zh_name(zh_name_or_array) if type(zh_name_or_array) == "table" then return table.concat(zh_name_or_array, export.zh_strings.multi_name_sep) end return zh_name_or_array or "" end return export jc9e8gszwzawqlbh7k7umbl2tthz5ag 10 1696637 9800100 6322725 2026-05-29T13:31:15Z TongcyDai 53191 9800100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:quote|call_template |template=cite-book |ja |author=角悠介 |title=ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 |trans-title=新快譯羅姆（吉普賽）語 |entry={{lang|rom|{{{1|{{pagename}}}}}}} |publisher=白水社 |location=東京 |year=2018 |isbn=978-4-560-08735-0 |pageparam=page |allowparams=1 }}<noinclude>{{reference template cat|rom}}</noinclude> cfc3165gsvnct1m82i5ii234jgp0m0p 10 1786566 9800097 7099285 2026-05-29T13:29:12Z TongcyDai 53191 TongcyDai移动页面[[Template:R:Courthiade]]至[[Template:R:Courthiade:2009]] 7099285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cite-book |author=Marcel Courthiade |editor=Melinda Rézműves |chapter={{{chapter|}}} |trans-chapter={{{trans-chapter|}}} |entry={{{entry|}}} |title=Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög |trans-title=My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek |location=Budapest |publisher=Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher |year=2009 |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |lang=匈牙利語；英語 |isbn=978-963-85408-6-7}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{reference template cat|rom}}</noinclude> b0optesrn4vaa4b5x5arx57tv138w64 9800099 9800097 2026-05-29T13:30:04Z TongcyDai 53191 9800099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{cite-book |author=Marcel Courthiade |editor=Melinda Rézműves |chapter={{{chapter|}}} |trans-chapter={{{trans-chapter|}}} |entry={{{entry|}}} |title=Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög |trans-title=我的第一本歐洲-羅姆語字典：羅姆語、匈牙利語、英語、法語、西班牙語、德語、烏克蘭語、羅馬尼亞語、克羅埃西亞語、斯洛伐克語、希臘語 |location=布達佩斯 |publisher=Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher |year=2009 |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |worklang=hu, en |isbn=978-963-85408-6-7}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{reference template cat|rom}}</noinclude> opnep0bxp11tt9luy47y9rmtw59e8tb 2 2129326 9800305 9799771 2026-05-30T03:35:55Z Sayonzei 40728 9800305 wikitext text/x-wiki 精製鳥飼料：[[User:KotoriBot]] ==列表== ===法語=== *一個-er結尾的第一類法語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''40'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|fr|acharner|abâtardir|attiser|tisonner|émoustiller|enfiévrer|fouetter}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|fr|retransmigrer|redésentrelacer|retransfigurer|réobséder|désobséder|désamocher|réamocher|rebuissonner|débuissonner|recolmater|décolmater|désaffréter|redélester|réindividuer|recharrier|recémenter|décémenter|réabsolutiser|désabsolutiser|désacadémiser|désaccastiller|réaccompagner|désaccompagner|réagrémenter|désagrémenter|désalambiquer|désanalphabétiser|désanathématiser|réapostropher|réajourner|désajourner|redétremper|redogmatiser|dédogmatiser|réextirper|réintituler|resolutionner|resouscrire|resulfater|désulfater|réagenouiller|désagenouiller|débouillir|désaccomplir|réaccomplir|réaccoutrer}}--> ===加泰=== *一個-ar結尾的普通加泰羅尼亞語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''44'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|ca|}} ===葡加利=== *一個-ar結尾的普通葡萄牙語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''53'''個新詞條；但需注意，過去分詞可能不在accel範圍內。<br> :{{col3|pt|}}<!--明日：--> ===西=== *一個-ar結尾的普通西班牙語動詞（連同本體、不含合詞）理論上可產出'''58'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|es|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|es|}}--> ===德語=== :{{col3|de|}} ===拉丁語=== :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> ===意大利語=== :{{col3|it|}}<!--明日：--> ===俄語=== :{{col3|ru|}} :{{col3|ru|}} c1d5unwj1tq4ew6e3sumy883wyvc3a1 828 2155768 9800249 8573606 2026-05-29T22:49:13Z Fglffer 55252 9800249 Scribunto text/plain local u = require("Module:string utilities").char local range = {} range.kanji = u(0x2E80) .. "-" .. u(0x2FDF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs u(0x4E00) .. "-" .. u(0x9FFF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs u(0x3400) .. "-" .. u(0x4DBF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A u(0xF900) .. "-" .. u(0xFAFF) .. -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs u(0x20000) .. "-" .. u(0x2A6DF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B u(0x2A700) .. "-" .. u(0x2EE5F) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C-F & I u(0x2F800) .. "-" .. u(0x2FA1F) .. -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement u(0x30000) .. "-" .. u(0x323AF) .. -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C-F & I u(0x323B0) .. "-" .. u(0x3347F) -- CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J range.kana_combining_characters = u(0x3099) .. "-" .. u(0x309C) .. -- Hiragana u(0xFF9E) .. u(0xFF9F) .. -- Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms u(0x0305) .. u(0x0323) -- Combining Diacritical Marks range.kana_overlap = range.kana_combining_characters .. "〰-〵" .. -- CJK Symbols and Punctuation "ー" -- Katakana local hiragana_exclusive = "ぁ-ゖゝゞ" .. -- Hiragana "𛀁𛀆𛄟" .. -- Kana Supplement + Kana Extended-A "𛄲𛅐-𛅒" -- Small Kana Extension range.hiragana = range.kana_overlap .. hiragana_exclusive local katakana_exclusive = "ァ-ヺヽヾ" .. -- Katakana "ㇰ-ㇿ" .. -- Katakana Phonetic Extensions u(0xFF66) .. "-" .. u(0xFF9D) .. -- Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms "𚿰-𚿾" .. -- Kana Extended-B "𛀀𛄠-𛄢" .. -- Kana Supplement + Kana Extended-A "𛅕𛅤-𛅧" -- Small Kana Extension range.katakana = range.kana_overlap .. katakana_exclusive range.hentaigana = "𛀂-𛀅𛀇-𛄞" -- Kana Supplement + Kana Extended-A range.kana = range.kana_overlap .. hiragana_exclusive .. katakana_exclusive .. range.hentaigana -- Note: not other sutegana like っ, as they aren't submoraic. range.submoraic_kana = "ぁぃぅぇぉゃゅょゎ" .. -- Hiragana "ァィゥェォャュョヮ" .. -- Katakana "ｧ-ｮ" .. -- Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms "𛅐𛅑𛅒𛅤𛅥𛅦" -- Small Kana Extension range.vowels = { a = "ぁあかがさざただなはばぱまゃやらゎわァアカガサザタダナハバパマャヤラヮワヷ", i = "ぃいきぎしじちぢにひびぴみ𛀆り𛅐ゐィイキギシジチヂニヒビピミ𛄠リ𛅤ヰヸ", u = "ぅうゔくぐすずつづぬふぶぷむゅゆる𛄟ゥウヴクグスズツヅヌフブプムュユル𛄢", e = "ぇえけげせぜてでねへべぺめ𛀁れ𛅑ゑェエ𛀀ケゲセゼテデネヘベペメ𛄡レ𛅥ヱヹ", o = "ぉおこごそぞとどのほぼぽもょよろ𛅒をォオコゴソゾトドノホボポモョヨロ𛅦ヲヺ", n = "んン" } range.ideograph = "〃々-〇〱-〵〻〼" .. -- CJK Symbols and Punctuation "㈠-㉟㊀-㋿" .. -- Enclosed CJK Letters and Months "㍘-㏿" .. -- CJK Compatibility "🈂-🋿" -- Enclosed Ideographic Supplement range.kana_graph = "ゟヿ" .. -- Hiragana + Katakana "㌀-㍗" .. -- CJK Compatibility "🈀🈁" -- Enclosed Ideographic Supplement range.punctuation = "　-。〈-】〔-〟〽" .. -- CJK Symbols and Punctuation "゠・" .. -- Katakana "！-／：-＠［-｀｛-･￠-￮" -- Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms range.latin = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters() range.numbers = "0-9" .. -- Basic Latin "０-９" -- Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms return range 0akj99anu5qmk1fqilaviguuvbb3wyu 0 2343932 9800196 9391567 2026-05-29T17:32:29Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9800196 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=èrcìyuán |c=ji6 ci3 jyun4 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{alt form|zh|二次元}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じ|げん|yomi=kan,kanon}} {{ja-see|二次元}} 1khhaqny2mvrct5g2csi2958gr6m8of 10 2478090 9800593 8296345 2026-05-30T06:26:05Z Sayonzei 40728 9800593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:quote|call_template |template=cite-web |nodate=1 |entryurl=https://sozluk.gov.tr/?ara={{urlencode:{{{1|{{pagename}}}}}}} |entry={{{2|{{{1|{{pagename}}}}}}}} |work=土耳其語辭典 |publisher=Türk Dil Kurumu (土耳其語言學會) |allowparams=1,2 }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{refcat}}</noinclude> 5w8kx1hpuinbj6v4qnj6moc1r1xvmz6 0 3055815 9800193 9421537 2026-05-29T17:24:02Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 9800193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿻㗊⿻十乚text.png|24px|⿻㗊⿻十乚|link=⿻㗊⿻十乚]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿻㗊⿻十乚text.png|24px|⿻㗊⿻十乚|link=⿻㗊⿻十乚]]|rn=30|rad=口|as=12|sn=15|ids=⿻㗊⿻十乚}} ====參考資料==== *{{cite-web|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A2004|entry=[[File:⿻㗊⿻十乚text.png|15px|⿻㗊⿻十乚|link=]]字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com|accessdate=29-05-2026}} ==壯語== ===字源=== {{m|mul|sc=Hani|器}}的書法體。 ===名詞=== {{head|za|名詞|head=[[File:⿻㗊⿻十乚text.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿻㗊⿻十乚|link=]]}} # {{za-sawndip form of|aen}} tr09tnr13xwqef5b7q4018apolun4o6 0 3202628 9800255 9799995 2026-05-29T23:35:50Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 名詞 */ 9800255 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== ===其他形式=== * {{ja-r|ファンミ}} {{qual|簡稱}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|ja|en|fanmeeting}}。 ===發音=== {{Ja-pron|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|[[ファン]][[ミーティング]]}} # {{lb|ja|韓國偶像粉絲圈}} [[粉絲]][[見面會]] ===參考資料=== <references/> ese7bescuqwm4ym7e1cif6hc9oa0d4q 0 3228389 9800229 9422537 2026-05-29T19:36:57Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* 漢字 */ 9800229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|𳅃|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=27|rad=厂|as=54|sn=56|four=|canj=|ids=⿸厂⿲⿳有有有⿳有有有⿳有有有}} [[File:U32501.svg|thumb|150px|「𲔁」，著名日語地名漢字]] ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|uh=32501}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{huge|{{Lang|ja|𲔁}}|220%}} （{{w|表外漢字}}） ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} hnoyebiocr0wclu18u5lx0c5xfsnllw 9800231 9800229 2026-05-29T19:39:18Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 9800231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=27|rad=厂|as=54|sn=56|four=|canj=|ids=⿸厂⿲⿳有有有⿳有有有⿳有有有}} [[File:U32501.svg|thumb|150px|「𲔁」，著名日語地名漢字]] ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|uh=32501}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{huge|{{Lang|ja|𲔁}}|220%}} （{{w|表外漢字}}） ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} aqplkgfk0mrair7no2pny30bbb964or 9800250 9800231 2026-05-29T22:51:41Z Fglffer 55252 9800250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=27|rad=厂|as=54|sn=56|four=|canj=|ids=⿸厂⿳⿲有有有⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:U32501.svg|thumb|150px|「{{m|mul|𲔁}}」著名日語地名漢字]] ====來源==== {{Han ref|uh=32501}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=厂54}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的[[地名]][[漢字]] ====讀法==== {{ja-readings|kun=あまのはしだて}} d7jjbabn39nxkeyxda3v2v6pibo0y1w 0 3231524 9800211 9422538 2026-05-29T18:21:57Z Fglffer 55252 9800211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=162|rad=辵|as=36|sn=40|four=|canj=|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱日昌}} [[File:𳅃centered.png|thumb|150px|「𳅃」，著名日語地名漢字]] ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|uh=33143}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=辵36}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|はしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} 62wz5rzytnvapusbdm5pje4kgz51xs9 9800230 9800211 2026-05-29T19:37:48Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* 日語 */ 9800230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=162|rad=辵|as=36|sn=40|four=|canj=|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱日昌}} [[File:𳅃centered.png|thumb|150px|「𳅃」，著名日語地名漢字]] ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|uh=33143}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{huge|{{Lang|ja|𳅃}}|220%}} （{{w|表外漢字}}） ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|はしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} bv0q5pju0j1kwoak6r6myw0yqqvyrne 9800251 9800230 2026-05-29T22:53:17Z Fglffer 55252 9800251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=162|rad=辵|as=36|sn=40|four=|canj=|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱日昌}} [[File:𳅃centered.png|thumb|150px|「{{m|mul|𳅃}}」著名日語地名漢字]] ====來源==== {{Han ref|uh=33143}} *{{cite-web|date=09-09-2025|entryurl=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-17.0/U170-323B0.pdf|entry=CJK Extension J|title=CJK Extension J|work=Unicode 17.0}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=辵36}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|はしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的[[地名]][[漢字]] ====讀法==== {{ja-readings|kun=はしだて-}} 0a5k1lrrjjl76mscqiqmv677zfzdjon 10 3325537 9800109 9581415 2026-05-29T13:36:35Z TongcyDai 53191 9800109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:en-headword|show}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{hwcat}}</noinclude> a3088xonqxt8cqi1bajo0hfuwyfjtm6 828 3437750 9800214 9790151 2026-05-29T18:30:28Z TongcyDai 53191 9800214 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing local m_locations = require("Module:place/locations") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_table = require("Module:table") local m_strutils = require("Module:string utilities") local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" -- Chinese localization data (zh_name, zh_suffix, qualifiers, extra-info labels, etc.) local m_zh_data = require("Module:place/data") local dump = mw.dumpObject local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error export.internal_error = internal_error local process_error = m_locations.process_error export.process_error = process_error local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst local ulower = m_strutils.lower local rmatch = m_strutils.match local split = m_strutils.split --[==[ intro: This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to [[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}. In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions: # `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to "type-raising" operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and fallbacks. # `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico). Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}. ]==] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Basic utilities -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]]. ]==] function export.get_force_cat() return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat end -- Add the page to a tracking "category". To see the pages in the "category", -- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on "What links here". local function track(page) require(debug_track_module)("place/" .. page) return true end function export.remove_links_and_html(text) text = m_links.remove_links(text) return text:gsub("<.->", "") end --[==[ Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -> ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x, and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is returned. ]==] function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype) if not placetype then return nil end if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] end local retval = require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype) if retval == placetype then return nil end return retval end -- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first -- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost -- always correct. function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst) local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype] if ptdata and ptdata.plural then placetype = ptdata.plural else placetype = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype) end if do_ucfirst then return ucfirst(placetype) else return placetype end end --[==[ Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified, we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match that occurred, one of `"direct"` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `"direct-category"` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `"plural"` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version of the plural passed-in `placetype`. ]==] function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category) local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype] if ptdata then return placetype, ptdata, "direct" end if from_category then ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. "!"] if ptdata then return placetype .. "!", ptdata, "direct-category" end end local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype) if sg_placetype then ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype] if ptdata then return sg_placetype, ptdata, "plural" end end return nil end --[==[ Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes. ]==] function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) return placetype == "and" or placetype == "or" or placetype:find("^%(") end function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype end --[==[ Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil. ]==] function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key) -- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype -- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in -- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice. placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) if export.placetype_data[placetype] then return export.placetype_data[placetype][key] else return nil end end --[==[ Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list { {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e. # the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil); # a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil); # the "reduced placetype" on the right. Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified. For example, given the placetype `"small beachside unincorporated community"`, the return value will be { { {nil, nil, "small beachside unincorporated community"}, {nil, "small", "beachside unincorporated community"}, {"small", "[[beachfront]]", "unincorporated community"}, {"small [[beachfront]]", "[[unincorporated]]", "community"}, }} Here, `"beachside"` is canonicalized to `"[[beachfront]]"` and `"unincorporated"` is canonicalized to `"[[unincorporated]]"`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`. On the other hand, if given `"small former haunted community"`, the return value will be { { {nil, nil, "small former haunted community"}, {nil, "small", "former haunted community"}, {"small", "former", "haunted community"}, }} because `"small"` and `"former"` but not `"haunted"` are recognized as qualifiers. Finally, if given `"former adr"`, the return value will be { { {nil, nil, "former adr"}, {nil, "former", "administrative region"}, }} because `"adr"` is a recognized placetype alias for `"administrative region"`. ]==] function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers) local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}} local prev_qualifier = nil while true do local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match("^(.-) (.*)$") if qualifier then local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier] if canon == nil then break end local new_qualifier = qualifier if type(canon) == "table" then canon = canon.link end if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then if canon == true then new_qualifier = "[[" .. qualifier .. "]]" else new_qualifier = canon end end insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)}) prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier placetype = reduced_placetype else break end end return splits end --[==[ Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first entry if it exists in `placetype_data`. '''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c) "type-raising" qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization). If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of `iterate_matching_holonym_location()`. For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn: ``` {qualifier = nil, placetype="left tributary"} {qualifier = "left", placetype="tributary"} {qualifier = "left", placetype="river"} ``` and the return value will be { { {qualifier = "left", placetype="tributary"}, {qualifier = "left", placetype="river"}, }} The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the ''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next. Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality, often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are: ``` {qualifier = nil, placetype="small rural fraziones"} {qualifier = nil, placetype="small rural frazione"} {qualifier = "small", placetype="rural fraziones"} {qualifier = "small", placetype="rural frazione"} {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="fraziones"} {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="frazione"} {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="hamlet"} {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="village"} ``` The return value ends up as {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="frazione"}, {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="hamlet"}, {qualifier = "small [[rural]]", placetype="village"}, }} Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers, they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around `rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both fallbacks end up being returned. `no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym. See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example, `"overseas territory"` has a fallback `"dependent territory"`, and `"overseas"` is also a recognized qualifier. When `no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `"overseas territory"` followed by `"territory"` with the incorrect effect of classifying an `"overseas territory"` of the United Kingdom such as `"Gibraltar"` under [[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].) As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`, because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway. `no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them. `from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked. `form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches. `no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`. `register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g. known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now; fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.] ]==] function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props) local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former local form_of_directive if props then no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former = props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category, props.register_former_as_non_former form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive end local equivs = {} -- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is -- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If -- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by -- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version -- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as -- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into -- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}}, -- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up -- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]]. local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix) local function insert_equiv(pt) if form_of_prefix then -- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have -- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end -- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined -- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of -- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively. insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. " " .. pt) else insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt}) end end -- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks. local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category) if ptdata then insert_equiv(canon_placetype) if no_fallback then return end local first_placetype = #equivs + 1 local prev_placetype = nil while true do local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype] if not pt_value then internal_error("Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`", canon_placetype, prev_placetype) end if pt_value.fallback then insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback) local last_placetype = #equivs if last_placetype - first_placetype >= 10 then local fallback_loop = {} for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype) end internal_error("Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s", table.concat(fallback_loop, " -> ")) end prev_placetype = canon_placetype canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback else break end end end end -- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a -- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no -- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that -- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for -- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a -- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather -- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`. local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype) if form_of_directive then -- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of -- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by -- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of -- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for -- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.) insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive) if not no_fallback then local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype) local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. "_type") or export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "class") end ) if not directive_type then local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs, function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end ) if pt_data then internal_error("For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data " .. 'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is "class"; ' .. "placetypes searched are %s", reduced_placetype, form_of_directive, form_of_directive .. "_type", reduced_placetype_equivs) else -- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general. end elseif directive_type ~= "!" then insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive) end end else insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype) end end -- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left -- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers). local splits if no_split_qualifiers then splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}} else splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype) end for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) -- If a special "former" qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and -- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for -- "inherently former" placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing -- placetypes, and handle accordingly. local unlinked_this_qualifier if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find("%[") then unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier) else unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier end local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "inherently_former") end, {no_check_for_inherently_former = true}) end -- If a special "former" qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal -- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified -- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped -- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval` -- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes -- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the -- "former" qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a -- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like -- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and -- don't enter anything into `equivs`. if former_qualifiers then -- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no. local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, { no_check_for_inherently_former = true }) local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "former_type") or export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "class") end ) if not former_type then local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs, function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end ) if pt_data then internal_error("For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; " .. "placetypes searched are %s", reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs) else -- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples. track("bad-former-placetype") track("bad-former-placetype/" .. reduced_placetype) --process_error("For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type " .. -- "qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s", reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs)) end elseif former_type ~= "!" then -- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible -- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially. for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. " " .. reduced_placetype) end for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. " " .. former_type) end -- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`. if register_former_as_non_former then process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype) end -- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do -- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup. if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. " " .. former_qualifier .. " place") end end -- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for -- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and -- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence. break end end -- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs -- (e.g. 'fictional *' -> 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping. if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then insert(equivs, { qualifier=prev_qualifier, placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] }) -- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the -- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the -- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as -- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found. break end -- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined -- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype. -- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts -- the full placetype into `equivs`. local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype) -- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced -- placetypes to avoid the "overseas territory treated as a territory" issue describe above. if no_fallback then local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category) if canon_placetype then break end end end -- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g. -- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype -- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g. -- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like -- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}}; -- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it. if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. " place") end return equivs end function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only) for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do local retval = fun(equiv.placetype) if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then return retval, equiv end end return nil, nil end --[==[ Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false}); but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value. FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil}, the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value. ]==] function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props) if not placetype then return fun(nil), nil end return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun, props and props.continue_on_nil_only) end --[==[ Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows: # See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article). This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than "`the"`. # Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that `"the"` should be used. # Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the` (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`). # Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `"an"` for words beginning with a vowel and `"a"` otherwise. If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case. ]==] function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst) local art local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match("^(.-) (.*)$") if qualifier then local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier] if type(canon) == "table" then art = canon.article end end if art == false then return art end if art == nil then local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "entry_placetype_use_the") end) if placetype_use_the then art = "the" else art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, "entry_placetype_indefinite_article") if not art then art = require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype) end end end if ucfirst then art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art) end return art end --[==[ Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories (e.g. `city >in< France` but `country >of< South America`). The preposition defaults to `"in"` if not specified. ]==] function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype) local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "preposition") end ) return pt_prep or "in" end --[==[ Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's `holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding to the holonym "c/Italy", a key "country" with the list value {"Italy"} will be added to the place desc's `holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the end of the value's list. ]==] function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym) if not holonym.placetype then return end -- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do -- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the "do other holonyms of the same placetype" algorithm to do holonyms -- of different types just because they have the same fallback. local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true}) local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do local placetype = equiv.placetype if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {} end if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename} else insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename) end end end --[=[ Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category (otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype). ]=] local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror) if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then if noerror then return "[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: " .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. "]" else process_error("Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: " .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype) end end if link == nil then internal_error("Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given", sg_placetype) elseif link == true then if orig_placetype then return ("[[%s|%s]]"):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype) else return ("[[%s]]"):format(sg_placetype) end elseif link == false then process_error("Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use", sg_placetype) elseif link == "w" then return ("[[w:%s|%s]]"):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype) elseif link == "separately" then if orig_placetype then local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, " ") local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, " ") if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then internal_error("Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s " .. "has different number of words", orig_placetype, sg_placetype) else for i = 1, #sg_words do if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then sg_words[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(sg_words[i]) else sg_words[i] = ("[[%s|%s]]"):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i]) end end return concat(sg_words, " ") end else return (sg_placetype:gsub("([^ ]+)", "[[%1]]")) end elseif link:find("^%+") then link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial + return ("[[%s|%s]]"):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype) elseif not orig_placetype then return link else return require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link) end end --[==[ Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `"top-level"` (for top-level categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `"noncity"` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or `"city"` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the "full" variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is prepended with `"names of"`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be disallowed. ]==] function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror) local from_category = not not category_type local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category) if canon_placetype then local raw_link local function is_linked_string(str) return type(str) == "string" and str:find("%[%[") end if category_type then local fetched_full local function fetch_maybe_full(prop) local retval = ptdata["full_" .. prop] if retval ~= nil then if return_full then return retval, true else internal_error("Saw full_" .. prop .. "=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle", retval) end end return ptdata[prop], false end local function maybe_prefix(str) if return_full and not fetched_full then return "names of " .. str else return str end end -- Careful with `false` as possible value. if category_type == "top-level" then raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("category_link_top_level") elseif category_type == "noncity" then raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("category_link_before_noncity") elseif category_type == "city" then raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("category_link_before_city") else internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be "top-level", "noncity" or "city"', category_type) end if type(raw_link) == "string" then return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata elseif raw_link ~= nil then return raw_link, ptdata end raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("category_link") if raw_link == false then return raw_link, ptdata end if is_linked_string(raw_link) then return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata end if ptmatch == "plural" then raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("plural_link") if raw_link == false then return raw_link, ptdata end if is_linked_string(raw_link) then return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata end end if raw_link == nil then raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full("link") end if raw_link == false then return raw_link, ptdata end return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype, placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata else if ptmatch == "plural" then raw_link = ptdata.plural_link if raw_link == false then process_error("Placetype %s cannot appear plural", placetype) end if is_linked_string(raw_link) then return raw_link, ptdata end end if raw_link == nil then raw_link = ptdata.link end return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype, placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata end end return nil end local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype) for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype end local all_display_aliases_found = {} local all_others_found = {} for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location { placetypes = equiv_placetypes, placename = placename, alias_resolution = "display", } do if spec.alias_of and spec.display then insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full}) else insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec}) end end if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then return placename elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then internal_error("Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: " .. "all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s", placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found, all_others_found) elseif all_others_found[1] then internal_error("Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: " .. "all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s", placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found, all_others_found) else local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1]) local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key) return as_full and full or elliptical end end --[==[ If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged. Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`, `country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as `United States`. '''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed. For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to `Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!) to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to `North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the <<capital city>> of the <<c/Republic of Macedonia>>}} would wrongly display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and consistency. ]==] function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) -- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link. -- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will -- be empty. local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, "^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$") if link then if linktext ~= "" then local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext) return "[[" .. link .. "|" .. alias .. "]]" else local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link) return "[[" .. alias .. "]]" end else return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) end end --[==[ Generate the "prefixed" version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key. ]==] function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec) if spec.the then return "the " .. key else return key end end -- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary. export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location --[=[ Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If `first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`. ]=] function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms) local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index return function(place_desc, index) while true do index = index + 1 local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index] -- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also` -- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym -- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with -- `:also`. if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index > first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then return nil end -- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip. if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then return index, this_holonym end end end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0 end --[==[ If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data` are: * `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with `iterate_matching_location()`. * `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym. * `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.) * `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches. Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for `iterate_matching_location`. ]==] function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc = data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location { placetypes = holonym_placetype, placename = holonym_placename, } return function() while true do local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator() if not group then return nil end local container_trail = {} -- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same -- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container -- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city -- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of -- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark, -- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New -- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough, -- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If -- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location. -- -- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any -- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any -- containing location. local containers_mismatch = false for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do insert(container_trail, containers) local match_at_level = false local mismatch_at_level = false for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then -- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same -- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in -- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this. -- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua else local holonym_matches_at_level = false local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false for _, container in ipairs(containers) do if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename = m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key) local placetypes = container.spec.placetype if type(placetypes) ~= "table" then placetypes = {placetypes} end local placetype_equivs = {} for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt)) end local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs( placetype_equivs, function(placetype) return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and (other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename) end ) if this_holonym_matches then holonym_matches_at_level = true break end local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs( placetype_equivs, function(placetype) return other_holonym.placetype == placetype end ) if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then -- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this -- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when -- we resolve the alias. for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = other_holonym_index, place_desc = place_desc, } do local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename = m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key) if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then -- Alias matched when resolved. this_holonym_matches = true break end end if this_holonym_matches then -- Alias matched above when resolved. holonym_matches_at_level = true break else -- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch. holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true end end end end if holonym_matches_at_level then match_at_level = true break end if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then mismatch_at_level = true end end end if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then containers_mismatch = true break end end if not containers_mismatch then return group, key, spec, container_trail end end end end --[==[ If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like `iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g. {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}. ]==] function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) local all_found = {} for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail}) end if not all_found[1] then return nil elseif all_found[2] then local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype if type(holonym_placetype) == "table" then holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, ",") end local found_keys = {} for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found) insert(found_keys, key) end error(("Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the " .. "containing holonyms: %s"):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys))) else return unpack(all_found[1]) end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Placename and placetype data -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ var: This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which applies to categorization and other processes but not to display. The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as "country", "state", "province" and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g. "census-designated place") can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype. Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. "d", which could variously be interpreted as "department", "district" or "division"). ]==] export.placetype_aliases = { ["acomm"] = "autonomous community", ["adr"] = "administrative region", ["adterr"] = "administrative territory", -- Pakistan ["aobl"] = "autonomous oblast", ["aokr"] = "autonomous okrug", ["ap"] = "autonomous province", ["apref"] = "autonomous prefecture", ["aprov"] = "autonomous province", ["ar"] = "autonomous region", ["arch"] = "archipelago", ["arep"] = "autonomous republic", ["aterr"] = "autonomous territory", ["atu"] = "autonomous territorial unit", ["bor"] = "borough", ["c"] = "country", ["can"] = "canton", ["carea"] = "council area", ["cc"] = "constituent country", ["cdblock"] = "community development block", ["cdep"] = "Crown dependency", ["CDP"] = "census-designated place", ["cdp"] = "census-designated place", ["clcity"] = "county-level city", ["co"] = "county", ["cobor"] = "county borough", ["colcity"] = "county-level city", ["coll"] = "collectivity", ["comm"] = "community", ["cont"] = "continent", ["contr"] = "continental region", ["contregion"] = "continental region", ["cpar"] = "civil parish", ["damun"] = "direct-administered municipality", ["dep"] = "dependency", ["department capital"] = "departmental capital", ["dept"] = "department", ["depterr"] = "dependent territory", ["dist"] = "district", ["distmun"] = "district municipality", ["div"] = "division", ["emp"] = "empire", ["fpref"] = "French prefecture", ["gov"] = "governorate", ["govnat"] = "governorate", ["home-rule city"] = "home rule city", ["home-rule municipality"] = "home rule municipality", ["inner-city area"] = "inner city area", ["ires"] = "Indian reservation", ["isl"] = "island", ["lbor"] = "London borough", ["lga"] = "local government area", ["lgarea"] = "local government area", ["lgd"] = "local government district", ["lgdist"] = "local government district", ["metbor"] = "metropolitan borough", ["metcity"] = "metropolitan city", ["metmun"] = "metropolitan municipality", ["mtn"] = "mountain", ["mun"] = "municipality", ["mundist"] = "municipal district", ["nonmetropolitan county"] = "non-metropolitan county", ["obl"] = "oblast", ["okr"] = "okrug", ["p"] = "province", ["par"] = "parish", ["parmun"] = "parish municipality", ["pen"] = "peninsula", ["plcity"] = "prefecture-level city", ["plcolony"] = "Polish colony", ["pref"] = "prefecture", ["prefcity"] = "prefecture-level city", ["preflcity"] = "prefecture-level city", ["prov"] = "province", ["r"] = "region", ["range"] = "mountain range", ["rcm"] = "regional county municipality", ["rcomun"] = "regional county municipality", ["rdist"] = "regional district", ["rep"] = "republic", ["rhrom"] = "rural hromada", ["riv"] = "river", ["rmun"] = "regional municipality", ["robor"] = "royal borough", ["romp"] = "Roman province", ["runit"] = "regional unit", ["rurmun"] = "rural municipality", ["s"] = "state", ["sar"] = "special administrative region", ["shrom"] = "settlement hromada", ["spref"] = "subprefecture", ["sprefcity"] = "sub-prefectural city", ["sprovcity"] = "subprovincial city", ["submet city"] = "sub-metropolitan city", ["submetropolitan city"] = "sub-metropolitan city", ["sub-prefecture-level city"] = "sub-prefectural city", ["sub-provincial city"] = "subprovincial city", ["sub-provincial district"] = "subprovincial district", ["terr"] = "territory", ["terrauth"] = "territorial authority", ["twp"] = "township", ["twpmun"] = "township municipality", ["uauth"] = "unitary authority", ["ucomm"] = "unincorporated community", ["udist"] = "unitary district", ["uhrom"] = "urban hromada", ["uterr"] = "union territory", ["utwpmun"] = "united township municipality", ["val"] = "valley", ["vdc"] = "village development committee", ["vil"] = "village", ["voi"] = "voivodeship", ["wcomm"] = "Welsh community", -- Chinese capital/seat types ["首都"] = "capital", ["省會"] = "provincial capital", ["首府"] = "regional capital", ["縣治"] = "county seat", -- Chinese placetype name aliases (map to English equivalents so they inherit preposition, display handler, etc.) ["國家"] = "country", ["構成國"] = "constituent country", ["大洲"] = "continent", ["大洲地區"] = "continental region", ["洲"] = "continent", ["帝國"] = "empire", ["共和國"] = "republic", ["邦"] = "state", ["州"] = "state", ["省"] = "province", ["郡"] = "county", ["縣"] = "county", ["城市"] = "city", ["市"] = "city", ["區"] = "district", ["鄉"] = "township", ["鎮"] = "town", ["村"] = "village", ["社區"] = "community", ["島"] = "island", ["島嶼"] = "island", ["群島"] = "archipelago", ["半島"] = "peninsula", ["山"] = "mountain", ["山脈"] = "mountain range", ["河"] = "river", ["谷"] = "valley", ["山谷"] = "valley", ["特別行政區"] = "special administrative region", ["直轄市"] = "direct-administered municipality", ["地級市"] = "prefecture-level city", ["縣級市"] = "county-level city", ["副省級市"] = "subprovincial city", ["副地級市"] = "sub-prefectural city", ["市轄區"] = "municipal district", ["自治區"] = "autonomous region", ["自治省"] = "autonomous province", ["自治州"] = "autonomous prefecture", ["自治共和國"] = "autonomous republic", ["自治市"] = "borough", ["屬地"] = "dependent territory", ["海外領地"] = "dependent territory", ["領地"] = "territory", ["聯邦屬地"] = "union territory", ["皇家屬地"] = "Crown dependency", ["教區"] = "parish", ["堂區"] = "parish", ["民政教區"] = "civil parish", ["廣域市"] = "metropolitan city", ["非建制地區"] = "unincorporated community", ["人口普查指定地區"] = "census-designated place", ["印第安保留地"] = "Indian reservation", ["羅馬行省"] = "Roman province", ["行省"] = "province", ["單一管理區"] = "unitary authority", ["地方行政區"] = "local government area", -- Additional polities ["城邦"] = "city-state", ["王國"] = "kingdom", ["聯邦"] = "federation", ["邦聯"] = "confederation", ["君主國"] = "monarchy", ["公國"] = "principality", ["汗國"] = "khanate", ["酋長國"] = "emirate", ["微型國家"] = "microstate", ["殖民地"] = "colony", ["聯邦主體"] = "federal subject", ["自由邦"] = "commonwealth", ["加盟共和國"] = "constituent republic", ["聯邦特區"] = "federal district", ["獨立市"] = "independent city", -- Admin divisions ["都道府縣"] = "prefecture", ["議會地區"] = "council area", ["都會區"] = "metropolitan borough", ["郡市"] = "county borough", -- Settlements ["聚落"] = "settlement", ["村落"] = "locality", ["居民點"] = "populated place", ["街區"] = "neighborhood", ["郊區"] = "suburb", ["鬼城"] = "ghost town", -- Geographic features ["大洋"] = "ocean", ["海"] = "sea", ["湖"] = "lake", ["灣"] = "bay", ["海灣"] = "gulf", ["峽灣"] = "fjord", ["海峽"] = "strait", ["水道"] = "channel", ["水庫"] = "reservoir", ["溪"] = "stream", ["泉"] = "spring", ["溫泉"] = "hot spring", ["支流"] = "tributary", ["火山"] = "volcano", ["高原"] = "plateau", ["沙漠"] = "desert", ["海灘"] = "beach", ["丘"] = "hill", ["山口"] = "mountain pass", ["岬角"] = "headland", ["角"] = "cape", ["沙嘴"] = "spit", ["環礁"] = "atoll", ["小島"] = "islet", -- Geographic/cultural regions ["地理文化區域"] = "geographic and cultural area", ["地理區域"] = "geographic region", ["歷史地區"] = "historical region", ["文化地區"] = "cultural region", -- Man-made structures ["機場"] = "airport", ["港口"] = "port", ["公路"] = "highway", ["高速公路"] = "motorway", ["公園"] = "park", ["國家公園"] = "national park", ["大學"] = "university", ["城堡"] = "castle", } local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = "the"} local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false} --[==[ var: These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype `large city` will be displayed as `large <nowiki>[[city]]</nowiki>` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`, the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating `inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`. ]==] export.placetype_qualifiers = { -- generic qualifiers ["huge"] = false, ["tiny"] = false, ["large"] = false, ["big"] = false, ["mid-size"] = false, ["mid-sized"] = false, ["small"] = false, ["sizable"] = false, ["important"] = false, ["long"] = false, ["short"] = false, ["major"] = false, ["minor"] = false, ["high"] = false, ["tall"] = false, ["low"] = false, ["left"] = false, -- left tributary ["right"] = false, -- right tributary ["modern"] = false, -- for use in opposition to "ancient" in another definition -- "former" qualifiers ["abandoned"] = true, ["ancient"] = true, ["deserted"] = true, ["extinct"] = true, ["former"] = false, ["historic"] = "historical", ["historical"] = true, ["medieval"] = true, ["mediaeval"] = true, ["ruined"] = true, ["traditional"] = true, -- sea qualifiers ["coastal"] = true, ["inland"] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]] ["maritime"] = true, ["overseas"] = true, ["seaside"] = true, ["beachfront"] = true, ["beachside"] = true, ["riverside"] = true, -- lake qualifiers ["freshwater"] = true, ["saltwater"] = true, ["endorheic"] = true, ["oxbow"] = true, ["ox-bow"] = "[[oxbow]]", -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link ["tidal"] = true, -- land qualifiers ["hilltop"] = true, ["hilly"] = true, ["insular"] = true, ["peninsular"] = true, ["chalk"] = true, ["karst"] = true, ["limestone"] = true, ["mountainous"] = true, ["mountaintop"] = true, ["alpine"] = true, ["volcanic"] = true, -- for an island -- political status qualifiers ["autonomous"] = true, ["incorporated"] = true, ["special"] = true, ["unincorporated"] = true, ["coterminous"] = true, -- monetary status/etc. qualifiers ["fashionable"] = true, ["wealthy"] = true, ["affluent"] = true, ["declining"] = true, -- city vs. rural qualifiers ["urban"] = true, ["suburban"] = true, ["exurban"] = true, ["outlying"] = true, ["remote"] = true, ["rural"] = true, ["outback"] = true, ["inner"] = false, ["inner-city"] = true, ["central"] = false, ["outer"] = false, -- land use qualifiers ["residential"] = true, ["agricultural"] = true, ["business"] = true, ["commercial"] = true, ["industrial"] = true, -- business use qualifiers ["railroad"] = true, ["railway"] = true, ["farming"] = true, ["fishing"] = true, ["mining"] = true, ["logging"] = true, ["cattle"] = true, -- tourism use qualifiers ["resort"] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne ["spa"] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne ["ski"] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne -- religious qualifiers ["holy"] = true, ["sacred"] = true, ["religious"] = true, ["secular"] = true, -- qualifiers for nonexistent places ["claimed"] = false, ["fictional"] = true, ["legendary"] = true, ["mythical"] = true, ["mythological"] = true, -- directional qualifiers ["northern"] = false, ["southern"] = false, ["eastern"] = false, ["western"] = false, ["north"] = false, ["south"] = false, ["east"] = false, ["west"] = false, ["northeastern"] = false, ["southeastern"] = false, ["northwestern"] = false, ["southwestern"] = false, ["northeast"] = false, ["southeast"] = false, ["northwest"] = false, ["southwest"] = false, -- seasonal qualifiers ["summer"] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital' ["winter"] = true, -- legal status qualifiers -- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter "de-facto" and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]]. ["official"] = true, ["unofficial"] = true, ["de facto"] = true, -- 'de facto capital' ["de-facto"] = "[[de facto]]", -- [[de-facto]] is a red link ["de jure"] = true, -- 'de jure capital' ["de-jure"] = "[[de jure]]", -- [[de-jure]] is a red link -- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state' -- misc. qualifiers ["planned"] = true, ["chartered"] = true, ["landlocked"] = true, ["uninhabited"] = true, -- superlative qualifiers ["first"] = no_link_def_article, ["second"] = no_link_def_article, -- for "second largest" etc. ["third"] = no_link_def_article, ["fourth"] = no_link_def_article, ["last"] = no_link_def_article, ["only"] = no_link_def_article, ["sole"] = no_link_def_article, ["main"] = no_link_def_article, ["largest"] = no_link_def_article, ["biggest"] = no_link_def_article, ["smallest"] = no_link_def_article, ["shortest"] = no_link_def_article, ["longest"] = no_link_def_article, ["tallest"] = no_link_def_article, ["highest"] = no_link_def_article, ["lowest"] = no_link_def_article, ["leftmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["rightmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["innermost"] = no_link_def_article, ["outermost"] = no_link_def_article, ["northernmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["southernmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["westernmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["easternmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["northwesternmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["southwesternmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["northeasternmost"] = no_link_def_article, ["southeasternmost"] = no_link_def_article, -- several/various ["several"] = no_link_no_article, ["various"] = no_link_no_article, ["numerous"] = no_link_no_article, ["multiple"] = no_link_no_article, ["many"] = no_link_no_article, ["other"] = no_link_no_article, } --[==[ var: In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`. ]==] export.former_qualifiers = { ["abandoned"] = {"FORMER"}, ["ancient"] = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, ["former"] = {"FORMER"}, ["extinct"] = {"FORMER"}, ["historic"] = {"FORMER"}, ["historical"] = {"FORMER"}, ["medieval"] = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, ["mediaeval"] = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, ["ruined"] = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, ["traditional"] = {"FORMER"}, } --[==[ var: In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`. ]==] export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = { ["fictional"] = "fictional location", ["legendary"] = "mythological location", ["mythical"] = "mythological location", ["mythological"] = "mythological location", -- For e.g. Taiwan as a "claimed province" of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands -- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are -- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital. ["claimed"] = "claimed political division", } --[==[ var: Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse mapping also exists. ]==] export.placetype_to_capital_cat = { ["autonomous community"] = "autonomous community capitals", ["canton"] = "cantonal capitals", ["comarca"] = "comarca capitals", ["country"] = "national capitals", -- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US. ["county"] = "county capitals", ["department"] = "departmental capitals", ["district"] = "district capitals", ["division"] = "division capitals", ["emirate"] = "emirate capitals", ["governorate"] = "governorate capitals", ["hromada"] = "hromada capitals", ["krai"] = "krai capitals", ["metropolitan city"] = "metropolitan city capitals", ["municipality"] = "municipal capitals", ["oblast"] = "oblast capitals", ["okrug"] = "okrug capitals", ["prefecture"] = "prefectural capitals", ["province"] = "provincial capitals", ["raion"] = "raion capitals", ["regency"] = "regency capitals", ["region"] = "regional capitals", ["regional unit"] = "regional unit capitals", ["republic"] = "republic capitals", ["state"] = "state capitals", ["territory"] = "territorial capitals", ["voivodeship"] = "voivodeship capitals", } --[==[ var: This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always "the"). '''NOTE''': There are multiple ways that placenames can come to be preceded by "the": # Listed here. # Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial "the". All such placenames are added to this map by the code just below the map. # The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data. # A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename. Note that "the" is added only before the first holonym in a place description. ]==] export.placename_article = { -- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]]. ["archipelago"] = { ["Cyclades"] = "the", ["Dodecanese"] = "the", }, ["country"] = { ["Holy Roman Empire"] = "the", }, ["empire"] = { ["Holy Roman Empire"] = "the", }, ["island"] = { ["North Island"] = "the", ["South Island"] = "the", }, ["region"] = { ["Balkans"] = "the", ["Russian Far East"] = "the", ["Caribbean"] = "the", ["Caucasus"] = "the", ["Middle East"] = "the", ["New Territories"] = "the", ["North Caucasus"] = "the", ["South Caucasus"] = "the", ["West Bank"] = "the", ["Gaza Strip"] = "the", }, ["valley"] = { ["San Fernando Valley"] = "the", }, } --[==[ var: Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key "*" applies to all holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply. ]==] export.placename_the_re = { -- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers -- because they have holonym_use_the = true. ["*"] = {"^Isle of ", " Islands$", " Mountains$", " Empire$", " Country$", " Region$", " District$", "^City of "}, ["bay"] = {"^Bay of "}, ["lake"] = {"^Lake of "}, ["country"] = {"^Republic of ", " Republic$"}, ["republic"] = {"^Republic of ", " Republic$"}, ["region"] = {" [Rr]egion$"}, ["river"] = {" River$"}, ["local government area"] = {"^Shire of "}, ["county"] = {"^Shire of "}, ["Indian reservation"] = {" Reservation", " Nation"}, ["tribal jurisdictional area"] = {" Reservation", " Nation"}, } --[==[ var: If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes. ]==] export.cat_implications = { ["region"] = { ["東歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["中歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["西歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["南歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["北歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["東北歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["東南歐"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["北高加索"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["南高加索"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["南亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["東亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["中亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["西亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["東南亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["北亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["安納托利亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["小亞細亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["美索不達米亞"] = {"continent/亞洲"}, ["北非"] = {"continent/非洲"}, ["中非"] = {"continent/非洲"}, ["西非"] = {"continent/非洲"}, ["東非"] = {"continent/非洲"}, ["南非"] = {"continent/非洲"}, ["中美洲"] = {"continent/中美洲"}, ["加勒比地區"] = {"continent/北美洲"}, ["玻里尼西亞"] = {"continent/大洋洲"}, ["密克羅尼西亞"] = {"continent/大洋洲"}, ["美拉尼西亞"] = {"continent/大洋洲"}, ["西伯利亞"] = {"country/俄羅斯", "continent/亞洲"}, ["俄羅斯遠東地區"] = {"country/俄羅斯", "continent/亞洲"}, ["南威爾士"] = {"constituent country/威爾士", "continent/歐洲"}, ["巴爾幹半島"] = {"continent/歐洲"}, ["約旦河西岸"] = {"country/巴勒斯坦", "continent/亞洲"}, ["加薩"] = {"country/巴勒斯坦", "continent/亞洲"}, ["加薩走廊"] = {"country/巴勒斯坦", "continent/亞洲"}, } } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Category and display handlers -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function export.zh_cat_de(zh_name_raw) local canonical = type(zh_name_raw) == "table" and zh_name_raw[1] or zh_name_raw if not canonical then return "" end if mw.ustring.len(canonical) == 1 then return export.zh_strings.de_particle end -- "X和Y" compound names (e.g. 縣和縣級市) need 的 when X is single char if mw.ustring.match(canonical, "^.和") then return export.zh_strings.de_particle end return "" end local zh_cat_de = export.zh_cat_de local function city_type_cat_handler(data) local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, "generic_before_non_cities") if not generic_before_non_cities then internal_error("city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`" .. " setting", entry_placetype) end local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype) local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then local zh_name_raw = export.get_zh_placetype_name(entry_placetype) local zh_entry_name = zh_name_raw and export.format_zh_name(zh_name_raw) or plural_entry_placetype local de = zh_cat_de(zh_name_raw) local retcats = {export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec) .. de .. zh_entry_name} if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec) .. de .. zh_entry_name) end end return retcats end end local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city) local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc = data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc -- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned -- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in -- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital -- category/categories we add below. local retcats if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename retcats = city_type_cat_handler { entry_placetype = "city", holonym_placetype = h_placetype, holonym_placename = h_placename, holonym_index = h_index, place_desc = place_desc, } if retcats then break end end end if not retcats then retcats = {} end -- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we -- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State -- capitals of the United States'. Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory' -- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's -- an entry for 'autonomous community'). -- ZH: look up Chinese capital label by holonym placetype ("首都", "省會", "首府", etc.) local zh_capital_name = export.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type[holonym_placetype] if not zh_capital_name then zh_capital_name = export.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type[holonym_placetype:gsub("^.* ", "")] end local de = zh_capital_name and (mw.ustring.len(zh_capital_name) == 1 and export.zh_strings.de_particle or "") or export.zh_strings.de_particle if zh_capital_name then local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false if holonym_index then -- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern -- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels. local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype, holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename, holonym_index = h_index, place_desc = place_desc, } if matching_group then matching_holonym_index = h_index break end end end if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do -- ZH: "美國的首都" (location_key + 的 + zh_capital_name) insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec) .. de .. zh_capital_name) inserted_specific_variant_cat = true end end elseif matching_holonym_index then -- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the -- divtypes of the location we found. local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec) return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt) local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt) local saw_matching_div if spec.divs then local divs = spec.divs if type(divs) ~= "table" then divs = {divs} end for _, div in ipairs(divs) do if type(div) ~= "table" then div = {type = div} end if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then saw_matching_div = true break end end end if saw_matching_div then insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec) .. de .. zh_capital_name) return true end return false end) end if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then inserted_specific_variant_cat = true elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do local saw_no_container_cat = false for _, container in ipairs(containers) do if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then inserted_specific_variant_cat = true break end saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat end if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then break end end end end else -- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for -- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing. -- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to -- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab. -- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely. local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec) .. de .. zh_capital_name) inserted_specific_variant_cat = true end end end if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then insert(retcats, zh_capital_name) end else -- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; fall back to generic capital label. insert(retcats, "首都") end return retcats end --[=[ This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used in two ways: # To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym. # To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments, administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]). This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston` as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and [[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]], [[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`). Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function `augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered. The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding language code). ]=] local function generic_place_cat_handler(data) local from_demonym = data.from_demonym local retcats = {} local function insert_retkey(key, spec) if from_demonym then insert(retcats, key) else -- ZH: "法國地點" (location_key + 地點) insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec) .. "地點") end end local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) if group then if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then -- This applies to continents and continental regions. insert_retkey(key, spec) end -- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in -- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when -- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom'). if not spec.no_container_cat then for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do local stop_adding_containers = false for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec) end if container.spec.no_container_cat then stop_adding_containers = true end end if stop_adding_containers then break end end end return retcats end end --[==[ Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and categorizes appropriately. ]==] function export.political_division_cat_handler(data) if data.from_demonym then return end local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) if group then local divlists = {} if spec.divs then insert(divlists, spec.divs) end if spec.addl_divs then insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs) end for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do if type(divlist) ~= "table" then divlist = {divlist} end for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do if type(div) == "string" then div = {type = div} end local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type local prep = div.prep or "of" local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type if type(cat_as) ~= "table" then cat_as = {cat_as} end if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then internal_error("Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in " .. "`placetype_data`", sgdiv, key, spec) end if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then local retcats = {} for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do if type(pt_cat) == "string" then pt_cat = {type = pt_cat} end local cat_key = pt_cat.type local zh_n_raw = export.get_zh_placetype_name(cat_key, data.holonym_placetype) if not zh_n_raw then local sg = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(cat_key) if sg then zh_n_raw = export.get_zh_placetype_name(sg, data.holonym_placetype) end end local zh_n = zh_n_raw and export.format_zh_name(zh_n_raw) or cat_key insert(retcats, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec) .. zh_cat_de(zh_n_raw or zh_n) .. zh_n) end return retcats end end end end end --[==[ This is used to add pages to "bare" categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is intended for Newark, New Jersey). ]==] function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec) local bare_cats = {} local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {} for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {} for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true}) for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype) end end end end local function check_term(term) -- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones. term = term:gsub("%[%[w:", "[["):gsub("%[%[wikipedia:", "[[") term = export.remove_links_and_html(term) term = term:gsub("^the ", "") for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do -- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as -- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}. for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], holonym_placename = term, place_desc = place_desc, } do insert(bare_cats, key) end end end -- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)? -- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There -- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the -- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The -- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English -- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't -- know how often this situation occurs. check_term(args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename) for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do check_term(t) end local function check_termobj_list(terms) for _, term in ipairs(terms) do if term.eq then check_term(term.eq) end if term.alt or term.term then check_term(term.alt or term.term) end end end for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do local arg = extra_info_terms.arg if arg == "modern" or arg == "now" or arg == "full" or arg == "short" then check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms) end end for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do check_termobj_list(directive.terms) end return bare_cats end --[==[ This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example, given the following: `# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.` We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]]. To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms. ]==] function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs) for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do if place_desc.holonyms then -- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their -- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also` -- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a -- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with -- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy -- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's -- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g. -- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the -- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If -- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude -- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`), -- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar -- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration -- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end. for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i] if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = i, place_desc = place_desc, } if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then local augmented_holonyms = {} for j = 1, i do insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j]) end for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do local any_no_auto_augment_container = false for _, container in ipairs(containers) do any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or container.spec.no_auto_augment_container local containing_type = container.spec.placetype if type(containing_type) == "table" then -- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant. containing_type = containing_type[1] end local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename = m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key) -- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them. local new_holonym = { -- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to -- set display_placename. placetype = containing_type, -- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical -- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We -- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to -- convert key to placename and back to key. unlinked_placename = full_container_placename, -- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified -- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms -- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but -- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like -- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here, -- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and -- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from -- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to -- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match -- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented -- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later -- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise -- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented -- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given -- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype. -- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets -- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near -- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by -- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from -- the placetype `city` of Birmingham). augmented_from_holonym = holonym, } insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym) -- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc. export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym) end if any_no_auto_augment_container then break end end for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j]) end place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms end end end end end end -- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political -- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city -- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows: -- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if -- the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that -- categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]]. -- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called -- using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g. -- [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling "neighbourhoods" because we're in India.) -- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set. -- If so, it's "city-like" and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if -- we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize -- town as "city-like" and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note "in" not "of", and -- note the spelling "neighborhoods" because we're in the US.) -- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're -- called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or -- (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no -- categorization. local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data) local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail) if data.entry_placetype == "suburb" then return "Suburbs" else -- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container. local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do local must_outer_break = false for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling must_outer_break = true break end end if must_outer_break then break end end end return uses_british_spelling and "Neighbourhoods" or "Neighborhoods" end end -- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire, -- etc.) local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data) if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. " of " .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)} end -- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like -- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.) local has_neighborhoods local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype if entry_placetype == "neighborhood" or entry_placetype == "neighbourhood" or entry_placetype == "suburb" then has_neighborhoods = true else -- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like. has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, "has_neighborhoods") end, {continue_on_nil_only = true}) end if has_neighborhoods then -- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written -- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}} -- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as "Neighborhoods in POLDIV". We need -- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that -- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously -- we skipped the first/current holonym.) for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc, data.holonym_index) do local other_holonym_data = { holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = other_holonym_index, place_desc = data.place_desc, } local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data) if group and not spec.is_former_place then return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and " of " or " in ") .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)} end end end end function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings) local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)) if type(already_seen_strings) ~= "table" then already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings} end for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then return true end end return false end -- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as "Metropolitan Borough of " to the display -- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already. -- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or -- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym -- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that -- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the -- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix. local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings) if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then return holonym_placename end if holonym_placename:find("%[%[") then return prefix .. " " .. holonym_placename end return prefix .. " [[" .. holonym_placename .. "]]" end -- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as " parish" to the display form of holonyms. -- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes. local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link) if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then return holonym_placename end if holonym_placename:find("%[%[") then return holonym_placename .. " " .. suffix end if include_suffix_in_link then return "[[" .. holonym_placename .. " " .. suffix .. "]]" else return "[[" .. holonym_placename .. "]] " .. suffix end end -- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed -- with "borough". local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename) if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then -- Hack: don't display "borough" after the names of NYC boroughs return holonym_placename end return suffix_display_handler("borough", holonym_placename) end local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename) -- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. "County [[Cork]]". if m_locations.ireland_counties["County " .. unlinked_placename .. ", Ireland"] or m_locations.northern_ireland_counties["County " .. unlinked_placename .. ", Northern Ireland"] then return prefix_display_handler("County", holonym_placename) end -- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. "[[Chiayi]] County". if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. " County, Taiwan"] then return suffix_display_handler("County", holonym_placename) end -- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. "[[Cluj]] County". if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. " County, Romania"] then return suffix_display_handler("County", holonym_placename) end -- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county. -- Others are displayed as-is. return holonym_placename end -- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. "[[Fukushima]] Prefecture". -- Others are displayed as e.g. "[[Fthiotida]] prefecture". local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename) local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. " Prefecture, Japan"] and "Prefecture" or "prefecture" return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename) end -- Display handler for provinces of Bulgaria, Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized -- provinces are displayed as e.g. "[[Gyeonggi]] Province" or "[[Antalya]] Province". Others are displayed as-is. local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename) if m_locations.bulgaria_provinces[unlinked_placename .. "Province, Bulgaria"] or m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, Iran"] or m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, Laos"] or m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, North Korea"] or m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, South Korea"] or m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, Thailand"] or m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, Turkey"] or m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. " Province, Vietnam"] then return suffix_display_handler("Province", holonym_placename) end return holonym_placename end -- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as "[[Kano]] State". Others are displayed as-is. local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename) if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. " State, Nigeria"] then return suffix_display_handler("State", holonym_placename) end return holonym_placename end -- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]]. local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename) return suffix_display_handler("Voivodeship", holonym_placename, nil, "include_suffix_in_link") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Placetype data -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ var: Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value is a table of properties. The `"*"` key is special and is used for adding "generic" categories of the form `Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]). Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `"country/*"`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special (such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]]. There are several recognized property keys, of various types: 1. The following link-related property keys are recognized: * `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two <<islands>>`) and may occur in categories). The possible values are: *# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `<nowiki>[[city]]</nowiki>`, which is converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a two-part raw link e.g. `<nowiki>[[city|cities]]</nowiki>`. *# `"w"`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g. `<nowiki>[[w:census town|census town]]</nowiki>`, or `<nowiki>[[w:census town|census towns]]</nowiki>` if the placetype is given plural. *# `"+..."`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies `"+w:cercles of Mali"`, a two-part link `<nowiki>[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]</nowiki>` will be generated, or `<nowiki>[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]</nowiki>` if plural `cercles` is specified. *# `"separately"`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `"separately"`, it will be linked as `<nowiki>[[administrative]] [[territory]]</nowiki>`, or as `<nowiki>[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]</nowiki>` if plural `administrative territories` is given. *# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.) *# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such. * `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays as `<nowiki>[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]</nowiki>`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses `link = <nowiki>"[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]"</nowiki>` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with `plural_link = <nowiki>"[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]"</nowiki>`. * `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it, spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which just generates a link `<nowiki>[[polity]]</nowiki>` or plural `<nowiki>[[polity|polities]]</nowiki>`, but specifies a separate `category_link = <nowiki>"[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]"</nowiki>`, which clarifies in the category description what a polity is. * `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides `category_link` for this type of category. * `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for this type of category. * `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:<ol> <li>`link = true`</li> <li>`category_link = <nowiki>"[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]"</nowiki>`</li> <li>`category_link_before_city = <nowiki>"[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions"</nowiki>`</li> </ol> This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just `<nowiki>[[neighborhood]]</nowiki>`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as `<nowiki>[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...</nowiki>` and a category like `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as `<nowiki>[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...</nowiki>`. * `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message. * `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message. 2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized: * `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets `preposition = "of"`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi` (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]]. 3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes: * `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`, `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent; for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = "kibbutzim"`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`). 4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those categories: * `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are: *# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire. *# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement. *# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a settlement, such as wards and barangays. *# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood. *# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital any more. *# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc. *# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university, metro station, park or the like. *# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`, etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes. *# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype. * `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc. qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class` is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data` for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the "former" qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing. * `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`, using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]]. * `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent` just above). * `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of `bare_category_parent` if it is a string. * `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the implementation is the same. * `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`, `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields: ** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user); ** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed; ** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME: we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms); ** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]]; ** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}. * `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `; see the section just above on `cat_handler`. 5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized: * `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `"in"`. * `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division. * `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities. 6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype: * `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values are: *# `"pref"` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly follows an entry placetype); *# `"Pref"` (same as `"pref"` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple); *# `"suf"` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`); *# `"Suf"` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `"suf"` but the placetype is capitalized). * `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym. Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype `administrative region` specifies `suffix = "region"`. * `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym. * `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take precedence. * `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies `affix_type = "Suf"` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies `no_affix_strings = "okrug"` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified, without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word. * `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym). Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym. 7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms of the specified placetype. * `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `"the"` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. * `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype (usually `"a"`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article `"an"`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`"a"` or `"an"` depending on whether the placetype begins with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype specified. * `holonym_use_the`: Use `"the"` before holonyms of this placetype. '''NOTE:''' # The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which must have either `link` or `category_link` specified. # Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this placetype. # It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs. ]==] export.placetype_data = { --[=[ If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim): 1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line entries. 2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces. 3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence: :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one command.) 4. Execute the following to sort: :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[")(.*?)(".*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //' Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort "hill station" before "hill" and "county borough" before "county" because the space after e.g. "hill station" sorts before the quotation mark after e.g. "hill". The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r. ]=] ["*"] = { link = false, cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler, }, ["administrative atoll"] = { -- Maldives link = "+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["administrative capital"] = { link = "w", fallback = "capital city", }, ["administrative center"] = { link = "w", fallback = "non-city capital", }, ["administrative centre"] = { link = "w", fallback = "administrative center", }, ["administrative county"] = { link = "w", fallback = "county", }, ["administrative district"] = { link = "w", fallback = "district", }, ["administrative headquarters"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "administrative centre", }, ["administrative region"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", suffix = "region", -- but prefix is still "administrative region (of)" fallback = "region", class = "subpolity", }, ["administrative seat"] = { link = "w", fallback = "administrative centre", }, ["administrative territory"] = { link = "separately", preposition = "of", suffix = "territory", -- but prefix is still "administrative territory (of)" fallback = "territory", class = "subpolity", }, ["administrative unit"] = { -- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about "administrative units". In Albania, "administrative unit" is an -- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term -- "commune". In Pakistan, "administrative unit" is a collective term used to refer to all the different types -- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two "disputed territories", i.e. Azad -- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need -- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes. link = "w", class = "subpolity", }, ["administrative village"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", }, ["aimag"] = { -- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province; -- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district. link = "w", fallback = "prefecture", }, ["airport"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {true}, }, ["alliance"] = { link = true, fallback = "confederation", }, ["archipelago"] = { link = true, fallback = "island", }, ["列島"] = { link = true, fallback = "archipelago", }, ["area"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", -- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former -- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'. class = "subpolity", former_type = "geographic region", cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler, }, ["arm"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "natural feature", default = {"海"}, }, ["arrondissement"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions -- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following. class = "subpolity", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["associated province"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "province", }, ["atoll"] = { -- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to -- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`. link = true, class = "natural feature", bare_category_parent = "islands", default = {true}, }, ["autonomous city"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", fallback = "city", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["autonomous community"] = { -- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from "community" link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous island"] = { -- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives. link = "+w:autonomous islands of Comoros", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous oblast"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", no_affix_strings = "oblast", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous okrug"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", no_affix_strings = "okrug", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous prefecture"] = { link = true, fallback = "prefecture", }, ["autonomous province"] = { link = "w", fallback = "province", }, ["autonomous region"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", fallback = "administrative region", -- "administrative region" sets an affix of "region" but we want to display as "Tibet Autonomous Region" -- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'. affix = "autonomous region", }, ["autonomous republic"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous territorial unit"] = { -- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria. link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["autonomous territory"] = { link = "w", fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["bailiwick"] = { -- Jersey, etc. link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["barangay"] = { -- Philippines link = true, class = "settlement", -- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use -- some of the properties of a neighborhood. fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["barrio"] = { -- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines link = true, -- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city. -- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct. fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["basin"] = { link = true, fallback = "lake", }, ["bay"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["beach"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"water"}, default = {true}, }, ["beach resort"] = { link = "w", fallback = "resort town", }, ["bishopric"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["bodies of water!"] = { -- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to -- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue. category_link = "[[body of water|bodies of water]]", class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms", "ecosystems", "water"}, }, ["borough"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", display_handler = borough_display_handler, has_neighborhoods = true, -- "former borough" could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to -- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this -- properly. class = "subpolity", -- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger. }, ["borough seat"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", }, ["branch"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "river", }, ["bridge"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {"具名橋樑"}, }, ["building"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {"具名建築物"}, }, ["built-up area"] = { link = "w", fallback = "area", }, ["burgh"] = { link = true, fallback = "borough", }, ["business park"] = { link = true, fallback = "park", }, ["caliphate"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["canton"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["cape"] = { link = true, fallback = "headland", }, ["capital"] = { link = true, fallback = "capital city", }, ["capital city"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country", entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", bare_category_parent = "cities", cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler, default = {true}, -- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}} -- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't -- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne. fallback = "city", }, ["caplc"] = { link = "[[首都]]和[[最大城市]]", plural_link = false, fallback = "capital city", }, ["captaincy"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, }, ["caravan city"] = { link = "w", fallback = "city", class = "settlement", inherently_former = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, }, ["castle"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["cathedral city"] = { link = true, fallback = "city", }, ["cattle station"] = { -- Australia link = true, fallback = "farm", }, ["census area"] = { link = true, affix_type = "Suf", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "non-admin settlement", }, ["census-designated place"] = { -- United States link = true, class = "non-admin settlement", }, ["census division"] = { -- Canada link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["census town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["central business district"] = { link = true, fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["cercle"] = { -- Mali link = "+w:cercles of Mali", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["ceremonial county"] = { link = true, fallback = "county", }, ["chain of islands"] = { link = true, plural = "chains of islands", plural_link = "[[chain]]s of [[island]]s", fallback = "island", }, ["channel"] = { link = true, fallback = "strait", }, ["charter community"] = { -- Northwest Territories, Canada link = "w", fallback = "village", }, ["city"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler, default = {true}, }, ["city-state"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", ["continent/*"] = {"城邦", "+++城市", "+++國家", "首都"}, default = {"城邦", "城市", "國家", "首都"}, }, ["civil parish"] = { -- Mostly England; similar to municipalities link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "subpolity", }, ["claimed political division"] = { link = true, class = "subpolity", default = {true}, }, ["co-capital"] = { link = true, fallback = "capital city", }, ["coal city"] = { link = "+w:coal town", fallback = "city", }, ["coal town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["collectivity"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", -- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities) class = "subpolity", }, ["colony"] = { link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["comarca"] = { -- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of -- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it -- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district. link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["commandery"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, }, ["commonwealth"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico class = "subpolity", }, ["commune"] = { link = true, fallback = "municipality", }, ["community"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[community|communities]] of all sizes", fallback = "village", }, ["community development block"] = { -- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be -- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now link = "w", affix_type = "suf", no_affix_strings = "block", class = "subpolity", }, ["comune"] = { -- Italy, Switzerland link = true, fallback = "municipality", }, ["condominium"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["confederacy"] = { link = true, fallback = "confederation", }, ["confederation"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["constituency"] = { -- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["constituent country"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["constituent part"] = { link = "separately", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["constituent republic"] = { -- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. link = "separately", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["counties and county-level cities!"] = { -- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China. category_link = "[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]", class = "subpolity", }, ["continent"] = { link = true, category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category class = "natural feature", default = {"大洲和大洲地區"}, }, ["大陸"] = { fallback = "continent", }, ["continental region"] = { link = "separately", category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category class = "geographic region", fallback = "continent", }, ["continents and continental regions!"] = { category_link = "[[大洲]]以及大洲等級的[[地區]]（如[[玻里尼西亞]]）", class = "geographic region", }, ["council area"] = { link = true, -- in Scotland; similar to a county preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["country"] = { link = true, class = "polity", ["continent/*"] = {"+++國家", "國家"}, default = {true}, }, ["country-like entities!"] = { category_link = "[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]", class = "polity", }, ["county"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", display_handler = county_display_handler, class = "subpolity", }, ["county borough"] = { link = true, -- in Wales; similar to a county preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", fallback = "borough", class = "subpolity", }, ["county seat"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", }, ["county town"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "town", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", }, ["county-administered city"] = { -- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city. -- NOT anything like a "county-level city" in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city. link = "w", fallback = "city", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", }, ["county-controlled city"] = { -- Taiwan link = "w", fallback = "county-administered city", }, ["county-level city"] = { -- PR China link = "w", fallback = "prefecture-level city", }, ["crater lake"] = { link = true, fallback = "lake", }, ["creek"] = { link = true, fallback = "stream", }, ["Crown colony"] = { link = "+crown colony", fallback = "crown colony", }, ["crown colony"] = { link = true, fallback = "colony", }, ["Crown dependency"] = { link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["crown dependency"] = { link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["cultural area"] = { link = "w", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["cultural region"] = { link = "w", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["delegation"] = { -- Tunisia link = "+w:delegations of Tunisia", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["department"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["departmental capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["dependency"] = { link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["dependent territory"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", former_type = "dependent territory", bare_category_parent = "political divisions", ["country/*"] = {true}, default = {true}, }, ["desert"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"ecosystems"}, default = {true}, }, ["deserted mediaeval village"] = { link = "w", fallback = "deserted medieval village", }, ["deserted medieval village"] = { link = "w", fallback = "ANCIENT settlement", }, ["direct-administered municipality"] = { -- China link = "+w:direct-administered municipalities of China", fallback = "municipality", }, ["direct-controlled municipality"] = { -- several countries link = "w", fallback = "municipality", }, ["distributary"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "river", }, ["district"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", -- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to -- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class -- is "settlement" or "subpolity". class = "subpolity", cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler, -- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries. }, ["districts and autonomous regions!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal. category_link = "[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s", class = "subpolity", }, ["districts and autonomous territorial units!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova. category_link = "[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s", class = "subpolity", }, ["district capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["district headquarters"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "administrative centre", }, ["district municipality"] = { -- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in -- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods. link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", no_affix_strings = {"district", "municipality"}, fallback = "municipality", class = "subpolity", }, ["division"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["division capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["dome"] = { link = true, fallback = "mountain", }, ["dormant volcano"] = { link = true, fallback = "volcano", }, ["duchy"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["emirate"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates). fallback = "polity", }, ["empire"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["enclave"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity. class = "subpolity", }, ["entity"] = { -- Bosnia and Herzegovina link = "+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["escarpment"] = { link = true, fallback = "mountain", }, ["ethnographic region"] = { -- used in Lithuania link = "+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["exclave"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity. class = "subpolity", }, ["external territory"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["farm"] = { link = true, class = "non-admin settlement", default = {"農牧場"}, }, ["farms and ranches!"] = { category_link = "[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es", class = "non-admin settlement", }, ["federal city"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", fallback = "city", }, ["federal district"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City) has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", }, ["federal subject"] = { -- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais, -- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts). link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["federal territory"] = { link = "w", fallback = "territory", }, ["fictional location"] = { link = "separately", former_type = "!", class = "hypothetical location", bare_category_parent = "places", default = {true}, }, ["First Nations reserve"] = { -- Canada link = "w", -- Wikipedia uses "Indian reserve"; presumably that is the legal term fallback = "Indian reserve", class = "subpolity", }, ["fjord"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["footpath"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["forest"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"ecosystems", "forestry"}, default = {true}, }, ["fort"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["fortress"] = { link = true, -- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts -- fortresses -> fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly. plural = "fortresses", fallback = "building", }, ["frazione"] = { link = "w", fallback = "hamlet", }, ["freeway"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["French prefecture"] = { link = "w", entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", }, ["geographic and cultural area"] = { link = "+w:cultural area", -- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format -- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and -- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`. generic_before_non_cities = "of", preposition = "of", class = "geographic region", bare_category_parent = "places", ["country/*"] = {true}, ["constituent country/*"] = {true}, ["continent/*"] = {true}, default = {true}, }, ["geographic area"] = { link = "+w:geographic region", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["geographic region"] = { link = "w", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["geographical area"] = { link = "w", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["geographical region"] = { link = "w", fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["geopolitical zone"] = { -- Nigeria link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["gewog"] = { -- Bhutan link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["ghost town"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", class = "non-admin settlement", bare_category_parent = "former settlements", cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler, default = {true}, }, ["glen"] = { link = true, fallback = "valley", }, ["governorate"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["greater administrative region"] = { -- China (former division) link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, }, ["gromada"] = { -- Poland (former division) link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, }, ["group of islands"] = { link = true, plural = "groups of islands", plural_link = "[[group]]s of [[island]]s", fallback = "island group", }, ["gulf"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", holonym_use_the = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["hamlet"] = { link = true, fallback = "village", }, ["harbor city"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "city", }, ["harbor town"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "town", }, ["harbour city"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "city", }, ["harbour town"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "town", }, ["headland"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, }, ["headquarters"] = { link = "w", fallback = "administrative centre", }, ["heath"] = { link = true, fallback = "moor", }, ["hemisphere"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, fallback = "continental region", }, ["highway"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["hill"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, }, ["hill station"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["hill town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["historic region"] = { -- provided only for the link link = "+w:historical region", fallback = "FORMER geographic region", }, ["historical county"] = { -- needed for historical counties of England/etc. link = "+w:historic county", fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["historical region"] = { -- provided only for the link link = "w", fallback = "FORMER geographic region", }, ["home rule city"] = { link = "w", fallback = "city", }, ["home rule municipality"] = { link = "w", fallback = "municipality", }, ["hot spring"] = { link = true, fallback = "spring", }, ["house"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["housing estate"] = { -- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing) link = true, -- not exactly the case but approximately fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["hromada"] = { -- Ukraine link = "w", disallow_in_entries = "Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'", disallow_in_holonyms = "Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["inactive volcano"] = { link = "w", fallback = "dormant volcano", }, ["independent city"] = { link = true, fallback = "city", }, ["independent town"] = { link = "+independent city", fallback = "town", }, ["Indian reservation"] = { link = "w", -- In the US. Also known as "Native American reservation" or "domestic dependent nation", and the reservations -- themselves often use the term "nation" in their official name (e.g. the "Navajo Nation"). But Wikipedia puts -- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is, -- so this must still be the legal term. preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", default = {true}, }, ["Indian reserve"] = { link = "w", -- In Canada. "First Nations reserve" sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses "Indian reserve"; presumably that -- is still the legal term. preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", default = {true}, }, ["inland sea"] = { -- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier link = true, fallback = "sea", }, ["inner city area"] = { link = true, fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["island"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, }, ["island country"] = { -- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'. link = "w", fallback = "country", }, ["island group"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "island", }, ["island municipality"] = { link = "w", fallback = "municipality", }, ["islet"] = { link = "w", fallback = "island", }, ["Israeli settlement"] = { link = "w", class = "settlement", default = {true}, }, ["judicial capital"] = { link = "w", fallback = "capital city", }, ["khanate"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["kibbutz"] = { link = true, plural = "kibbutzim", class = "non-admin settlement", default = {true}, }, ["kingdom"] = { link = true, fallback = "monarchy", }, ["krai"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["lake"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["landforms!"] = { category_link = "[[landform]]s", bare_category_parent = "places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"地球"}, }, ["largest city"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, fallback = "city", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["league"] = { link = true, fallback = "confederation", }, ["legislative capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["library"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["lieutenancy area"] = { -- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia: -- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does -- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of -- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate -- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on -- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern -- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3] link = "w", fallback = "ceremonial county", }, ["local authority district"] = { link = "w", fallback = "local government district", }, ["local government area"] = { -- Australia link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["local council"] = { -- Malta; similar to municipalities link = "+w:local councils of Malta", preposition = "of", fallback = "municipality", }, ["local government district"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", affix = "district", class = "subpolity", }, ["local government district with borough status"] = { link = "w", plural = "local government districts with borough status", plural_link = "[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", affix = "district", class = "subpolity", }, ["local urban district"] = { link = "w", fallback = "unincorporated community", }, ["locality"] = { link = "+w:locality (settlement)", -- not necessarily true, but usually is the case fallback = "village", }, ["London borough"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "pref", affix = "borough", fallback = "local government district with borough status", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["macroregion"] = { link = true, fallback = "region", }, ["man-made structures!"] = { category_link = "[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["manor"] = { -- FIXME: or is this more like a farm? link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["marginal sea"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "sea", }, ["market city"] = { link = "+market town", fallback = "city", }, ["market town"] = { link = true, fallback = "town", }, ["massif"] = { link = true, fallback = "mountain", }, ["megacity"] = { link = true, fallback = "city", }, ["metro station"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", }, ["metropolitan borough"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = {"borough", "city"}, fallback = "local government district", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["metropolitan city"] = { -- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities. link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = {"metropolitan", "city"}, class = "subpolity", }, ["metropolitan county"] = { link = true, fallback = "county", }, ["metropolitan municipality"] = { -- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between -- provinces and municipalities. -- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level. link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", no_affix_strings = {"metropolitan", "municipality"}, fallback = "municipality", class = "subpolity", }, ["microdistrict"] = { -- residential complex in post-Soviet states link = true, fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["micronations!"] = { -- FIXME, merge with microstate category_link = "[[micronation]]s", bare_category_parent = "countries", }, ["microstate"] = { link = true, fallback = "country", }, ["military base"] = { link = "w", class = "settlement", -- or "man-made structure"? default = {true}, }, ["minster town"] = { -- England link = "separately", fallback = "town", }, ["monarchy"] = { link = true, fallback = "polity", }, ["moor"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms", "ecosystems"}, default = {true}, }, ["moorland"] = { link = true, fallback = "moor", }, ["motorway"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["mountain"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, }, ["mountain indigenous district"] = { -- Taiwan link = "+w:district (Taiwan)", fallback = "district", }, ["mountain indigenous township"] = { -- Taiwan link = "+w:township (Taiwan)", fallback = "township", }, ["mountain pass"] = { link = true, -- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts -- passes -> passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly. plural = "mountain passes", class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"mountains"}, default = {true}, }, ["mountain range"] = { link = true, fallback = "mountain", }, ["mountainous region"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "region", }, ["mukim"] = { -- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["municipal district"] = { link = "w", -- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods. -- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms. preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = "district", fallback = "municipality", }, ["municipality"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "subpolity", }, ["municipality with city status"] = { link = "w", plural = "municipalities with city status", plural_link = "[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]", fallback = "municipality", }, ["museum"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["mythological location"] = { link = "separately", former_type = "!", class = "hypothetical location", bare_category_parent = "places", default = {true}, }, ["named bridges!"] = { category_link = "notable [[bridge]]s", bare_category_parent = "man-made structures", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bridges"}, }, ["named buildings!"] = { category_link = "notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s", bare_category_parent = "man-made structures", addl_bare_category_parents = {"buildings"}, }, ["named roads!"] = { category_link = "notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures", bare_category_parent = "man-made structures", addl_bare_category_parents = {"roads"}, }, ["national capital"] = { link = "w", fallback = "capital city", }, ["national park"] = { link = true, fallback = "park", }, ["natural features!"] = { category_link = "[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["neighborhood"] = { -- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which -- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the -- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word "neighbo(u)hoods" in the -- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses "neighborhoods" or "neighbourhoods". -- (In general it can't, because other things like "urban areas", "districts", "subdivisions" and the like also -- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.) link = true, -- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]]. generic_before_non_cities = "in", generic_before_cities = "of", -- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the -- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form -- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get "... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]". category_link = "[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]", category_link_before_city = "[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions", -- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`, -- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings -- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in -- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY` -- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but -- generates "of" before cities and "in" before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.) preposition = "of", class = "non-admin settlement", cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler, }, ["neighbourhood"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]", category_link_before_city = "[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions", fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["new area"] = { -- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size) link = "w", preposition = "in", class = "subpolity", --? }, ["new town"] = { link = true, fallback = "town", }, ["non-city capital"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", cat_handler = function(data) return capital_city_cat_handler(data, "non-city") end, -- FIXME, do we need the following? default = {true}, }, ["non-metropolitan county"] = { link = "w", fallback = "county", }, ["non-metropolitan district"] = { link = "w", fallback = "local government district", }, ["non-sovereign kingdom"] = { -- especially in Africa and Asia link = "+w:non-sovereign monarchy", generic_before_non_cities = "in", class = "subpolity", ["country/*"] = {true}, ["continent/*"] = {true}, default = {true}, }, ["non-sovereign monarchy"] = { link = "w", fallback = "non-sovereign kingdom", }, ["oblast"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["oblasts and autonomous republics!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine. category_link = "[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s", class = "subpolity", }, ["ocean"] = { link = true, holonym_use_the = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"seas", "bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["okrug"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["overseas collectivity"] = { link = "w", fallback = "collectivity", }, ["overseas department"] = { link = "w", fallback = "department", }, ["overseas territory"] = { link = "w", fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["parish"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["parish municipality"] = { -- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them. link = "+w:parish municipality (Quebec)", preposition = "of", fallback = "municipality", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["parish seat"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", class = "capital", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["park"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {true}, }, ["pass"] = { link = "+mountain pass", -- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts -- passes -> passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly. plural = "passes", fallback = "mountain pass", }, ["path"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["peak"] = { link = true, fallback = "mountain", }, ["peninsula"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, }, ["periphery"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["places!"] = { generic_before_non_cities = "in", generic_before_cities = "in", class = "generic place", category_link = "[[place]]s of all sorts", -- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and -- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is -- "{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s." where the "names of" -- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in -- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]]. category_link_top_level = "[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s", bare_category_parent = "names", }, ["planned community"] = { -- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does. link = true, class = "settlement", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["plateau"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true}, -- FIXME: Should generate both "Plateaus" and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category }, ["Polish colony"] = { link = "w", affix_type = "suf", affix = "colony", fallback = "village", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["political divisions!"] = { category_link = "[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["polity"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]", class = "polity", bare_category_parent = "places", default = {true}, }, ["populated place"] = { link = "+w:populated place", -- not necessarily true, but usually is the case fallback = "village", }, ["port"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {true}, }, ["port city"] = { -- FIXME: should categorize into "Ports" as well as "Cities" link = true, fallback = "city", }, ["port town"] = { -- FIXME: should categorize into "Ports" as well as "Towns" link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["prefecture"] = { -- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France. -- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function. link = true, preposition = "of", display_handler = prefecture_display_handler, class = "subpolity", }, ["prefecture-level city"] = { -- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves. link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["preserved county"] = { -- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more -- "principal areas" (styled as "counties" or "county boroughs"), of which there are 22. link = "w", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, }, ["primary area"] = { -- a grouping of "districts" (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden link = "+w:sv:primärområde", fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["principality"] = { link = true, fallback = "monarchy", }, ["promontory"] = { link = true, fallback = "headland", }, ["protectorate"] = { link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["province"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", display_handler = province_display_handler, class = "subpolity", }, ["provinces and autonomous regions!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China. category_link = "[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s", class = "subpolity", }, ["provinces and territories!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan. category_link = "[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]", class = "subpolity", }, ["provincial capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["raion"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["ranch"] = { link = true, fallback = "farm", }, ["range"] = { -- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range? link = true, holonym_use_the = true, class = "natural feature", }, ["regency"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["region"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", -- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area' fallback = "geographic and cultural area", -- "former region" is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region class = "geographic region", }, ["regional capital"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "capital city", }, ["regional county municipality"] = { -- Quebec link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Suf", no_affix_strings = {"municipality", "county"}, fallback = "municipality", }, ["regional district"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = "district", fallback = "district", }, ["regional municipality"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = "municipality", fallback = "municipality", }, ["regional unit"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", class = "subpolity", }, ["registration county"] = { -- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical -- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information). link = "w", fallback = "county", }, ["republic"] = { -- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. "Republics" in general are sovereign but we use "country" in that case. link = true, fallback = "constituent republic", }, ["research base"] = { link = "+w:research station", fallback = "research station", }, ["research station"] = { link = "w", class = "non-admin settlement", -- or "man-made structure"? default = {true}, }, ["reservoir"] = { link = true, fallback = "lake", }, ["residential area"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["resort city"] = { link = "w", fallback = "city", }, ["resort town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["river"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", holonym_use_the = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler, ["continent/*"] = {true}, default = {true}, }, ["river island"] = { link = "w", fallback = "island", }, ["河流"] = { link = true, fallback = "river", }, ["road"] = { link = true, class = "man-made structure", default = {"具名道路"}, }, ["Roman province"] = { -- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire' link = "w", default = {"羅馬帝國行省"}, class = "subpolity", }, ["royal borough"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = {"royal", "borough"}, fallback = "local government district with borough status", has_neighborhoods = true, }, ["royal burgh"] = { link = true, fallback = "borough", }, ["royal capital"] = { link = "w", fallback = "capital city", }, ["rural committee"] = { -- Hong Kong; a group of villages link = "w", affix_type = "Suf", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", }, ["rural community"] = { -- New Brunswick link = "+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities", fallback = "municipality", }, ["rural hromada"] = { link = "w", affix_type = "suf", fallback = "hromada", }, ["rural municipality"] = { link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "Pref", no_affix_strings = "municipality", fallback = "municipality", has_neighborhoods = true, --? }, ["rural township"] = { -- Taiwan link = "+w:rural township (Taiwan)", fallback = "township", }, ["sanctuary"] = { link = true, fallback = "temple", }, ["satrapy"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", inherently_former = {"ANCIENT", "FORMER"}, }, ["sea"] = { link = true, holonym_use_the = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["seaport"] = { link = true, fallback = "port", }, ["seat"] = { link = true, fallback = "administrative centre", }, ["self-administered area"] = { -- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones) link = "+w:self-administered zone", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["self-administered division"] = { -- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division) link = "w", fallback = "self-administered area", }, ["self-administered zone"] = { -- Myanmar (five of them) link = "w", fallback = "self-administered area", }, ["separatist state"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "unrecognized country", }, ["settlement"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s", bare_category_parent = "places", -- not necessarily true, but usually is the case fallback = "village", }, ["settlement hromada"] = { link = "w", affix_type = "suf", fallback = "hromada", }, ["sheading"] = { -- Isle of Man link = true, fallback = "district", }, ["sheep station"] = { -- Australia link = true, fallback = "farm", }, ["shire"] = { link = true, fallback = "county", }, ["shire county"] = { link = "w", fallback = "county", }, ["shire town"] = { link = true, fallback = "county seat", }, ["ski resort city"] = { link = true, fallback = "city", }, ["ski resort town"] = { link = true, fallback = "town", }, ["spa city"] = { link = "+w:spa town", fallback = "city", }, ["spa town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["space station"] = { link = true, fallback = "research station", }, ["special administrative region"] = { -- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a -- "special administrative region"; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia -- has similar "special regions" of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three "special -- administrative areas" link = "+w:special administrative regions of China", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", has_neighborhoods = true, --? -- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves -- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing suffix = "", }, ["special collectivity"] = { link = "w", fallback = "collectivity", }, ["special municipality"] = { -- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands link = "w", fallback = "municipality", }, ["special ward"] = { -- Tokyo link = true, fallback = "municipality", }, ["spit"] = { link = true, fallback = "peninsula", }, ["spring"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", default = {true}, }, ["star"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", default = {true}, }, ["state"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", -- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign -- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various "ancient states" of East Asia). former_type = "polity", }, ["states and territories!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia. category_link = "[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]", class = "subpolity", }, ["states and union territories!"] = { -- This and other similar "combined placetypes" are for use in the plural when grouping first-level -- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India. category_link = "[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]", class = "subpolity", }, ["state capital"] = { link = true, fallback = "capital city", }, ["state park"] = { link = true, fallback = "park", }, ["state-level new area"] = { -- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size) link = "w", fallback = "new area", }, ["statistical region"] = { -- Slovenia link = true, fallback = "administrative region", }, ["statutory city"] = { link = "w", fallback = "city", }, ["statutory town"] = { link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["strait"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"bodies of water"}, default = {true}, }, ["stream"] = { link = true, fallback = "river", }, ["street"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["strip"] = { link = true, fallback = "geographic region", }, ["strip of land"] = { link = true, plural = "strips of land", plural_link = "[[strip]]s of [[land]]", fallback = "geographic region", }, ["sub-metropolitan city"] = { link = "+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities", fallback = "city", }, ["sub-prefectural city"] = { link = "w", fallback = "subprovincial city", }, ["subdistrict"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, --? -- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler class = "subpolity", default = {true}, }, ["subdivision"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", -- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler class = "subpolity", cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler, }, ["submerged ghost town"] = { -- FIXME: Consider just having "submerged" as a qualifier. link = true, fallback = "ghost town", }, ["subnational kingdom"] = { link = "+w:subnational monarchy", fallback = "non-sovereign kingdom", }, ["subnational monarchy"] = { link = "w", fallback = "non-sovereign kingdom", }, ["subprefecture"] = { link = true, affix_type = "suf", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["subprovince"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["subprovincial city"] = { link = "w", -- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities fallback = "prefecture-level city", }, ["subprovincial district"] = { link = "w", -- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["subregion"] = { link = true, fallback = "geographic region", }, ["suburb"] = { link = true, -- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form -- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago', -- where we'd get "[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]". category_link = "[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]", category_link_before_city = "[[suburb]]s", -- See comments under "neighborhood" for the following three settings. They are used by -- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories -- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a -- given page), which hardcodes "in" for non-cities and "of" for cities. (FIXME: Change this.) generic_before_non_cities = "in", generic_before_cities = "of", preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, --? class = "non-admin settlement", --? cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler, }, ["suburban area"] = { link = "w", fallback = "suburb", }, ["subway station"] = { link = "w", fallback = "metro station", }, ["sum"] = { -- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia), -- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion). link = "+w:sum (administrative division)", -- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use "county" but that has a display handler -- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug). fallback = "division", }, ["supercontinent"] = { link = true, fallback = "continent", }, ["tehsil"] = { link = true, affix_type = "suf", no_affix_strings = {"tehsil", "tahsil"}, class = "subpolity", }, ["temple"] = { link = true, fallback = "building", }, ["territorial authority"] = { link = "w", fallback = "district", }, ["territory"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["theme"] = { link = "+w:theme (Byzantine district)", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["town"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler, default = {true}, }, ["town with bystatus"] = { -- can't use templates in links currently link = "w", plural = "towns with bystatus", plural_link = "[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]", fallback = "town", }, ["township"] = { link = true, has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", --? default = {true}, }, ["township municipality"] = { -- Quebec link = "+w:township municipality (Quebec)", preposition = "of", fallback = "municipality", has_neighborhoods = true, --? }, ["traditional county"] = { link = true, fallback = "county", }, ["traditional region"] = { -- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'. -- provided only for the link link = "w", fallback = "FORMER geographic region", }, ["trail"] = { link = true, fallback = "road", }, ["treaty port"] = { link = "w", fallback = "city", class = "settlement", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, }, ["tributary"] = { link = true, preposition = "of", fallback = "river", }, ["underground station"] = { link = "w", fallback = "metro station", }, ["unincorporated area"] = { link = "w", -- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere. fallback = "unincorporated community", }, ["unincorporated community"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", class = "non-admin settlement", }, ["unincorporated territory"] = { link = "w", fallback = "territory", }, ["union territory"] = { -- India link = true, preposition = "of", entry_placetype_indefinite_article = "a", class = "subpolity", }, ["unitary authority"] = { -- UK, New Zealand link = true, entry_placetype_indefinite_article = "a", fallback = "local government district", }, ["unitary district"] = { link = "w", entry_placetype_indefinite_article = "a", fallback = "local government district", }, ["united township municipality"] = { -- Quebec link = "+w:united township municipality (Quebec)", entry_placetype_indefinite_article = "a", fallback = "township municipality", has_neighborhoods = true, --? }, ["university"] = { link = true, entry_placetype_indefinite_article = "a", class = "man-made structure", default = {true}, }, ["unrecognised country"] = { link = "w", fallback = "unrecognized country", }, ["unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!"] = { category_link = "[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}", bare_category_parent = "country-like entities", }, ["unrecognized country"] = { link = "w", class = "polity", default = {"未受國際普遍承認國家"}, }, ["unrecognised state"] = { link = "w", fallback = "unrecognized country", }, ["unrecognized state"] = { link = "w", fallback = "unrecognized country", }, ["urban area"] = { link = "separately", fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["urban hromada"] = { link = "w", affix_type = "suf", fallback = "hromada", }, ["urban service area"] = { -- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger -- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]). link = "w", fallback = "city", }, ["urban township"] = { link = "w", fallback = "township", }, ["urban-type settlement"] = { -- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states, -- had an administrative function. link = "w", fallback = "town", }, ["valley"] = { link = true, class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms", "water"}, default = {true}, }, ["viceroyalty"] = { -- in essence, a type of colony link = true, fallback = "dependent territory", }, ["village"] = { link = true, generic_before_non_cities = "in", category_link = "[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s", class = "settlement", cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler, default = {true}, }, ["village development committee"] = { -- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit link = "+w:village development committee (Nepal)", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, fallback = "village", }, ["village municipality"] = { -- Quebec link = "+w:village municipality (Quebec)", preposition = "of", fallback = "municipality", has_neighborhoods = true, --? }, ["voivodeship"] = { -- Poland link = true, display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ["volcano"] = { link = true, plural = "volcanoes", class = "natural feature", addl_bare_category_parents = {"landforms"}, default = {true, "山"}, }, ["ward"] = { link = true, class = "settlement", -- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods. fallback = "neighborhood", }, ["watercourse"] = { link = true, fallback = "channel", }, ["Welsh community"] = { -- Wales link = "w", preposition = "of", affix_type = "suf", affix = "community", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", }, ["zone"] = { -- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India link = "+w:zone#Place names", preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", }, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Categories for former places -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ["ANCIENT capital"] = { link = false, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", -- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still -- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category. default = {"古代定居點", "歷史首府"}, }, ["ANCIENT non-admin settlement"] = { link = false, class = "non-admin settlement", fallback = "ANCIENT settlement", }, ["ANCIENT settlement"] = { link = false, has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", default = {"古代定居點"}, }, ["ancient settlements!"] = { category_link = "former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]", bare_category_parent = "former settlements", }, ["FORMER capital"] = { link = false, entry_placetype_use_the = true, preposition = "of", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "capital", default = {"歷史首府"}, }, ["former capitals!"] = { category_link = "former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s", bare_category_parent = "settlements", }, ["former counties and county-level cities!"] = { -- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China category_link = "no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "counties and county-level cities", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER county"] = { -- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["FORMER county-level city"] = { -- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["former countries and country-like entities!"] = { category_link = "已不存在的[[國家]]和類似國家的[[政治實體]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "國家和類國家實體", bare_category_parent = "former polities", }, ["FORMER country"] = { link = false, class = "polity", default = {"Former countries and country-like entities"}, }, ["former dependent territories!"] = { category_link = "[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "dependent territories", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER dependent territory"] = { link = false, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", default = {"Former dependent territories"}, }, ["former districts!"] = { -- For categorizing former districts of China category_link = "no-longer-existing [[district]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "districts", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER district"] = { -- For categorizing former districts of China link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["FORMER geographic region"] = { link = false, fallback = "geographic and cultural area", }, ["FORMER man-made structure"] = { link = false, class = "man-made structure", default = {"Former man-made structures"}, }, ["former man-made structures!"] = { category_link = "man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "man-made structures", bare_category_parent = "former places", }, ["former municipalities!"] = { -- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands category_link = "no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "municipalities", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER municipality"] = { -- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["FORMER natural feature"] = { link = false, class = "natural feature", default = {"Former natural features"}, }, ["former natural features!"] = { category_link = "natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "natural features", bare_category_parent = "former places", }, ["FORMER non-admin settlement"] = { link = false, class = "non-admin settlement", fallback = "FORMER settlement", }, ["former places!"] = { category_link = "[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "former", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["former political divisions!"] = { category_link = "[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "political divisions", bare_category_parent = "former places", }, ["former polities!"] = { category_link = "[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist", bare_category_breadcrumb = "polities", bare_category_parent = "former places", }, ["FORMER polity"] = { link = false, class = "polity", default = {"Former polities"}, }, ["former prefectures!"] = { -- For categorizing former prefectures of China category_link = "no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "prefectures", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER prefecture"] = { -- For categorizing former prefectures of China link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["former provinces!"] = { -- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc. category_link = "no-longer-existing [[province]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "provinces", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER province"] = { -- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire link = false, fallback = "FORMER subpolity", }, ["former region"] = { -- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region. link = "separately", preposition = "of", inherently_former = {"FORMER"}, class = "subpolity", }, ["FORMER settlement"] = { link = false, has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", default = {"Former settlements"}, }, ["former settlements!"] = { category_link = "[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified", bare_category_breadcrumb = "settlements", bare_category_parent = "former political divisions", }, ["FORMER subpolity"] = { link = false, preposition = "of", class = "subpolity", default = {"Former political divisions"}, }, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- form-of categories -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Abbreviations ---------- ["abbreviations of counties!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "counties", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of places", }, ["abbreviations of departments!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "departments", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of districts!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ??? full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "districts", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of divisions!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "divisions", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of former countries!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of former places", }, ["abbreviations of former places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "abbreviations", bare_category_parent = "former places", addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = "abbreviations of places", sort = "former"}}, }, ["abbreviations of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "abbreviations", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["abbreviations of political divisions!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "political divisions", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of places", }, ["abbreviations of prefectures!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "prefectures", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of provinces!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "provinces", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of provinces and territories!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "provinces and territories", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of regions!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "regions", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of states!"] = { -- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "states", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of states and territories!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "states and territories", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of states and union territories!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "states and union territories", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["abbreviations of territories!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "territories", bare_category_parent = "abbreviations of political divisions", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家縮寫"}, }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF county"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF department"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF district"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF division"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country"] = { link = false, default = {"前國家縮寫"}, }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place"] = { link = false, default = {"前地名縮寫"}, }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名縮寫"}, }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF province"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF region"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF state"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity"] = { link = false, default = {"政治區劃縮寫"}, }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF territory"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ["ABBREVIATION_OF union territory"] = { link = false, fallback = "ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity", }, ---------- Archaic forms ---------- ["archaic forms of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "archaic forms", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名古式寫法"}, }, ---------- Clippings ---------- ["clippings of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "clippings", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["CLIPPING_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名截略形式"}, }, ---------- Dated forms ---------- ["dated forms of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "dated forms", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["DATED_FORM_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名舊式寫法"}, }, ---------- Derogatory names ---------- ["derogatory names for cities!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "cities", bare_category_parent = "derogatory names for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"nicknames for cities"}, }, ["derogatory names for continents!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "continents", bare_category_parent = "derogatory names for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"nicknames for continents"}, }, ["derogatory names for countries!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "derogatory names for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"nicknames for countries"}, }, ["derogatory names for places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "derogatory names", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", }, ["derogatory names for states!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "states", bare_category_parent = "derogatory names for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"nicknames for states"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital"] = { link = false, default = {"城市貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city"] = { link = false, default = {"城市貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent"] = { link = false, default = {"大洲貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city"] = { -- "metropolitan city" doesn't fall back to "city" link = false, default = {"城市貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city"] = { -- "prefecture-level city" doesn't fall back to "city" but things like "county-level city" and -- "subprovincial city" fall back to "prefecture-level city" link = false, default = {"城市貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state"] = { link = false, default = {"州貶稱"}, }, ["DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town"] = { link = false, default = {"城市貶稱"}, }, ---------- Ellipses ---------- ["ellipses of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "ellipses", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["ELLIPSIS_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名省略形式"}, }, ---------- Former long-form names ---------- ["former long-form names of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "former long-form names of places", addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = "former names of countries", sort = "long-form"}}, }, ["former long-form names of places!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "long-form", bare_category_parent = "former names of places", }, ["FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家前全稱"}, }, ["FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名前全稱"}, }, ---------- Former names ---------- ["former names of capitals!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "capitals", bare_category_parent = "former names of settlements", }, ["former names of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "former names of places", }, ["former names of places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "former names", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["former names of political divisions!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "political divisions", bare_category_parent = "former names of places", }, ["former names of polities!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "polities", bare_category_parent = "former names of places", }, ["former names of settlements!"] = { full_category_link = "[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name", bare_category_breadcrumb = "settlements", bare_category_parent = "former names of political divisions", }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF capital"] = { link = false, default = {"首都舊名"}, }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家舊名"}, }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名舊名"}, }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF polity"] = { link = false, default = {"政治實體舊名"}, }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF region"] = { link = false, fallback = "FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity", }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF settlement"] = { link = false, default = {"聚落舊名"}, }, ["FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity"] = { link = false, default = {"政治區劃舊名"}, }, ---------- Former nicknames ---------- ["former nicknames for cities!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})", bare_category_breadcrumb = "cities", bare_category_parent = "former nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"nicknames for cities"}, }, ["former nicknames for places!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "former", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = "former names of places", sort = "nicknames"}}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital"] = { link = false, default = {"城市前別稱"}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city"] = { link = false, default = {"城市前別稱"}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city"] = { -- "metropolitan city" doesn't fall back to "city" link = false, default = {"城市前別稱"}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名前別稱"}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city"] = { -- "prefecture-level city" doesn't fall back to "city" but things like "county-level city" and -- "subprovincial city" fall back to "prefecture-level city" link = false, default = {"城市前別稱"}, }, ["FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town"] = { link = false, default = {"城市前別稱"}, }, ---------- Former official names ---------- ["former official names of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "former official names of places", addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = "former names of countries", sort = "official"}}, }, ["former official names of places!"] = { full_category_link = "no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "official", bare_category_parent = "former names of places", }, ["FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家前官方名稱"}, }, ["FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名前官方名稱"}, }, ---------- Long-form names ---------- ["long-form names of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "long-form names of places", }, ["long-form names of places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "long-form names", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["LONG_FORM_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家全稱"}, }, ["LONG_FORM_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名全稱"}, }, ---------- Nicknames ---------- ["nicknames for cities!"] = { full_category_link = "[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "cities", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"cities"}, }, ["nicknames for continents!"] = { full_category_link = "[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "continents", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"continents"}, }, ["nicknames for countries!"] = { full_category_link = "[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"countries"}, }, ["nicknames for places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "places", bare_category_parent = "nicknames", addl_bare_category_parents = {"places"}, }, ["nicknames for states!"] = { -- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States full_category_link = "[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "states", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", addl_bare_category_parents = {"states"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR capital"] = { link = false, default = {"城市別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR city"] = { link = false, default = {"城市別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR continent"] = { link = false, default = {"大洲別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city"] = { -- "metropolitan city" doesn't fall back to "city" link = false, default = {"城市別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city"] = { -- "prefecture-level city" doesn't fall back to "city" but things like "county-level city" and -- "subprovincial city" fall back to "prefecture-level city" link = false, default = {"城市別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR state"] = { link = false, default = {"州別稱"}, }, ["NICKNAME_FOR town"] = { link = false, default = {"城市別稱"}, }, ---------- Obsolete forms ---------- ["obsolete forms of places!"] = { full_category_link = "{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "obsolete forms", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名廢棄形式"}, }, ---------- Official names ---------- ["official names of countries!"] = { full_category_link = "[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "official names of places", }, ["official names of former countries!"] = { full_category_link = "[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "countries", bare_category_parent = "official names of former places", }, ["official names of former places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]", bare_category_breadcrumb = "official names", bare_category_parent = "former places", addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = "official names of places", sort = "former"}}, }, ["official names of places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "official names", bare_category_parent = "places", }, ["OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country"] = { link = false, default = {"國家官方名稱"}, }, ["OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country"] = { link = false, default = {"前國家官方名稱"}, }, ["OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place"] = { link = false, default = {"前地名官方名稱"}, }, ["OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名官方名稱"}, }, ---------- Official nicknames ---------- ["official nicknames for places!"] = { full_category_link = "[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "official", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for places", }, ["official nicknames for states!"] = { -- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States full_category_link = "[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s", bare_category_breadcrumb = "official", bare_category_parent = "nicknames for states", addl_bare_category_parents = {"states"}, }, ["OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place"] = { link = false, default = {"地名官方別稱"}, }, ["OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state"] = { link = false, default = {"州官方別稱"}, }, } export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {} for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do if spec.plural then export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- ZH: Chinese localization functions -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Get the Chinese display name for a placetype, resolving through the enwikt fallback chain. `holonym_placetype` (optional string) provides context for placetypes like `capital city` whose Chinese term depends on the containing administrative level (country → 首都, province → 省會, state → 首府, etc.). Returns two values: zh_name (string or array of regional variants), zh_suffix (string, array, or nil). Returns nil, nil if no Chinese data is available for the placetype or any of its fallbacks. ]==] -- Maps Chinese alias input → override display name. When a user enters a zh alias -- that differs from the canonical zh_name, the alias itself is shown (categories -- and logic still follow the canonical placetype). export.zh_placetype_display_overrides = { } function export.get_zh_placetype_name(placetype, holonym_placetype) local display_override = export.zh_placetype_display_overrides[placetype] placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local zh_name, zh_suffix, zh_by_holonym = m_zh_data.get_zh_placetype_props(placetype, export) if zh_name then local resolved = display_override or m_zh_data.resolve_zh_name(zh_name, zh_by_holonym, holonym_placetype) return resolved, zh_suffix end return nil, nil end --[==[ Get only the Chinese suffix for a placetype. Used when rendering holonym `:pref`/`:suf` modifiers in Chinese: the suffix is appended directly to the holonym name (e.g. `s:suf/New York` → 紐約州; `c:pref/Georgia` → 格魯吉亞國). Returns a string, an array of regional variants, or nil if no suffix is defined. ]==] function export.get_zh_placetype_suffix(placetype) placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local _, zh_suffix = m_zh_data.get_zh_placetype_props(placetype, export) return zh_suffix end --[==[ Chinese placetype "pluralization" — a no-op, since Chinese has no grammatical plural. Accepts and returns a string or an array (for multi-variant names) unchanged. Provided so that call sites shared with the English path can call a uniform function. ]==] function export.pluralize_zh_placetype(zh_name) return zh_name end --[==[ Get the entry preposition for Chinese display: "in" or "of". Identical to `get_placetype_entry_preposition` in semantics; the Chinese rendering maps these to different constructions: "in" → 位於 [holonyms] 的 [placetype] "of" → [holonyms] 的 [placetype] (no 位於 prefix) ]==] export.get_zh_entry_preposition = export.get_placetype_entry_preposition -- Re-export Chinese data tables so that [[Module:place]] only needs to require -- this module rather than both this module and [[Module:place/zh-data]] separately. export.zh_strings = m_zh_data.zh_strings export.zh_qualifiers = m_zh_data.zh_qualifiers export.zh_extra_info_labels = m_zh_data.zh_extra_info_labels export.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type = m_zh_data.zh_capital_label_by_holonym_type export.format_zh_name = m_zh_data.format_zh_name --[==[ Build wikilink markup for a Chinese placetype display name. `zh_name`: formatted string (output of format_zh_name). `link`: the `link` field value from placetype_data for the canonical placetype. Link semantics: true → [[zh_name]] (local zhwikt entry) "w" → [[w:zh_name|zh_name]] (Chinese Wikipedia) "+w:..." → [[w:zh_name|zh_name]] (Chinese Wikipedia; English target discarded) "separately" → [[zh_name]] (no zh_name_parts; whole name linked) "[[...]]..." → returned as-is (pre-formed Chinese link string) false/nil → zh_name (no link) ]==] local function make_zh_placetype_link(zh_name, link) if not link or link == false then return zh_name elseif link == true then return ("[[%s]]"):format(zh_name) elseif link == "w" then return ("[[w:%s|%s]]"):format(zh_name, zh_name) elseif link == "separately" then return ("[[%s]]"):format(zh_name) elseif type(link) == "string" and link:find("^%+") then -- "+w:SOMETHING" — English article name irrelevant for Chinese; link to Chinese Wikipedia return ("[[w:%s|%s]]"):format(zh_name, zh_name) elseif type(link) == "string" and link:find("[[", 1, true) then return link end end --[==[ Get the Chinese display form for a placetype, with wikilink markup applied. Like `get_zh_placetype_name` but wraps the result in the appropriate wikilink based on the placetype's `link` field. Returns nil if no Chinese data is available. ]==] function export.get_zh_placetype_display_form(placetype, holonym_placetype) local zh_name, _ = export.get_zh_placetype_name(placetype, holonym_placetype) if not zh_name then return nil end local formatted = m_zh_data.format_zh_name(zh_name) local sg_pt = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_pt] local link = ptdata and ptdata.link return make_zh_placetype_link(formatted, link) end return export ir4qrqnwy6heniff2wjaf03wiwrremk 0 3443013 9800090 9764836 2026-05-29T12:09:51Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 9800090 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== {{wp|da:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|da|專有名詞}} # {{place|da|國家|r/東南歐|t=北馬其頓}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/da}} ==瑞典語== {{wp|sv:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|sv|/ˈnuːrdmakaˌduːnɪɛn/}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|sv|專有名詞}} # {{place|sv|國家|r/東南歐|t=北馬其頓}} ====參見==== {{list:countries in Europe/sv}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:Utrikes namnbok|12}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260108014208/https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D018843/republic-of-north-macedonia Svensk MeSH] {{cln|sv|外名}} 867ok8k592jmphvblkq9szsljmzevkh 0 3443014 9800091 9764838 2026-05-29T13:07:58Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 9800091 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== {{wp|da:}} ===專有名詞=== {{da-proper noun}} # {{place|da|城邦|r/南歐|t=梵蒂岡}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col2|da|Vatikan|vatikansk}} ===參見=== {{list:countries in Europe/da}} ==書面挪威語== {{wp|no:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|nb|專有名詞}} # {{place|nb|城邦|r/南歐|t=梵蒂岡}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|nb|Vatikanet}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|nb|vatikansk}} ==新挪威語== {{wp|nn:}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|nn|專有名詞}} # {{place|nn|城邦|r/南歐|t=梵蒂岡}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|nn|Vatikanet}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|nn|vatikansk}} ==瑞典語== {{wp|sv:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|sv|/vatɪˈkɑːnˌstɑːtɛn/}} ===專有名詞=== {{sv-proper noun|c}} # {{place|sv|城邦|r/南歐|t=梵蒂岡}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|sv|Vatikanen}} * {{l|sv|vatikansk}} ====參見==== {{list:countries in Europe/sv}} ===參考資料=== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007093834/https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D014671/vatican-city Svensk MeSH] iu5w6jjy2mx4w7iam25uda27q4fm3nu 828 3469093 9800232 9799971 2026-05-29T20:13:23Z Xiplus 25402 已保护“[[Module:R:Wörterbuchnetz]]”：​高風險模板：675引用​（[编辑权限=仅允许自动确认用户]（无限期）​[移动权限=仅允许自动确认用户]（无限期）） 9799971 Scribunto text/plain -- Generates reference links for woerterbuchnetz.de, -- a collection of mostly German-language related dictionaries hosted by the -- Trier Center for Digital Humanities (https://tcdh.uni-trier.de/) -- Based on Module:R:Grimm by JohnC5 local export = {} local dictionaries = { Adelung = { title = "Grammatisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart (Ausgabe letzter Hand, Leipzig 1793–1801)" }, BMZ = { title = "Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch von Benecke, Müller, Zarncke" }, DWB = { title = "''[[w:德語詞典|Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm]]'', 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961." }, DWB2 = { title = "''[[w:德語詞典|Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm]]'', Neubearbeitung (A–F)." }, ElsWB = { title = "Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten" }, FindeB = { title = "Findebuch zum mittelhochdeutschen Wortschatz" }, GWB = { title = "Goethe-Wörterbuch" }, Hederich = { title = "Gründliches mythologisches Lexikon von Benjamin Hederich (1770)" }, Herder = { title = "Herders Conversations-Lexikon (1. Auflage, 1854–1857)" }, Lexer = { title = "Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch von Matthias Lexer" }, LmL = { title = "Lexicon musicum Latinum medii aevi" }, LothWB = { title = "Wörterbuch der deutsch-lothringischen Mundarten" }, MLW = { title = "Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch" }, Meyers = { title = "[[w:邁耶百科詞典|Meyers Großes Konversationslexikon]] (6. Auflage, 1905–1909)" }, PfWB = { title = "Pfälzisches Wörterbuch" }, RhWB = { title = "Rheinisches Wörterbuch" }, RhWBN = { title = "Nachträge zum Rheinischen Wörterbuch" }, UWB = { title = "Uigurisches Wörterbuch" }, WWB = { title = "Westfälisches Wörterbuch" }, Wander = { title = "Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexicon von Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander" } } local encoding_table = { ['ä']='ae', ['ö']='oe', ['ü']='ue', ['Ä']='Ae', ['Ö']='Oe', ['Ü']='Ue', ['ß']='sz', ['-']='_' } function export.show(frame) local module_parameters = require("Module:parameters") -- templates can specify a default dictionary to be used, but make it overridable local frame_args = module_parameters.process(frame.args, { ["dictionary"] = {} }) local params = { [1] = { alias_of = "url_code" }, [2] = { alias_of = "headword" }, ["url_code"] = { }, ["headword"] = { default = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename }, ["dictionary"] = {}, ["w"] = { alias_of = "headword" } } local args = module_parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params) local dictionary = args['dictionary'] or frame_args['dictionary'] if not dictionary then error('The parameter "dictionary" is required') end local dictionary_data = dictionaries[dictionary] if not dictionary_data then error("Unknown dictionary "..dictionary) end local headword = args.headword local url_code = args.url_code or mw.ustring.gsub(headword,'[äöüÄÖÜß-]', encoding_table) local dictionary_title = dictionary_data.title local url = "https://woerterbuchnetz.de/?sigle="..dictionary.."&lemma="..url_code local linked_headword = "[" .. url .. " " ..headword.."]" return '“' .. linked_headword .. '”' .. ' in ' .. dictionary_title end return export c3tzeb2aciyxbggjugl4wiav12e74w6 14 3469134 9800061 2026-05-29T12:00:09Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469135 9800062 2026-05-29T12:00:15Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469136 9800063 2026-05-29T12:00:21Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469137 9800064 2026-05-29T12:00:28Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469138 9800065 2026-05-29T12:00:38Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469139 9800066 2026-05-29T12:00:43Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469140 9800067 2026-05-29T12:00:50Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469141 9800068 2026-05-29T12:00:57Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469142 9800069 2026-05-29T12:01:03Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469143 9800070 2026-05-29T12:01:09Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469144 9800071 2026-05-29T12:01:15Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469145 9800072 2026-05-29T12:01:21Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469146 9800073 2026-05-29T12:01:28Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469147 9800075 2026-05-29T12:01:34Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3469148 9800076 2026-05-29T12:01:35Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[nʲɛ.bʲɛ.pʲrʲɪ.sʲɪ.kʲɪʃʲ.kʲɛ.ko.puːsʲ.tʲɛˈlʲæʊ.jɛnʲ.tʲʃʲʊo.sʲʊo.sʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{infl of|lt|nebeprisikiškiakopūsteliaujantis||pron|loc|m|p}}」的新頁面 9800076 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[nʲɛ.bʲɛ.pʲrʲɪ.sʲɪ.kʲɪʃʲ.kʲɛ.ko.puːsʲ.tʲɛˈlʲæʊ.jɛnʲ.tʲʃʲʊo.sʲʊo.sʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{infl of|lt|nebeprisikiškiakopūsteliaujantis||pron|loc|m|p}} 3rilnlysx7w7qlqn1tz0f025f2y9awv 0 3469149 9800077 2026-05-29T12:01:36Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[nʲɛ.bʲɛ.pʲrʲɪ.sʲɪ.kʲɪʃʲ.kʲɛ.ko.puːsʲ.tʲɛˈlʲæʊ.sʲɛnʲ.tʲʃʲʊo.sʲʊo.sʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{infl of|lt|nebeprisikiškiakopūsteliausiantis||pron|loc|m|p}}」的新頁面 9800077 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[nʲɛ.bʲɛ.pʲrʲɪ.sʲɪ.kʲɪʃʲ.kʲɛ.ko.puːsʲ.tʲɛˈlʲæʊ.sʲɛnʲ.tʲʃʲʊo.sʲʊo.sʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{infl of|lt|nebeprisikiškiakopūsteliausiantis||pron|loc|m|p}} i8ht4tojl7up9paees936txcvz5l79x 14 3469150 9800078 2026-05-29T12:01:39Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469151 9800079 2026-05-29T12:01:45Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469152 9800080 2026-05-29T12:01:51Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469153 9800081 2026-05-29T12:01:56Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469154 9800082 2026-05-29T12:02:02Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3469155 9800083 2026-05-29T12:03:19Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuodɐʋʊsʲʊosʲʊosʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p|head=ejakuliúodavusiuosiuose}} # {{infl of|lt|ejakuliuodavęs||pron|loc|m|p}}」的新頁面 9800083 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuodɐʋʊsʲʊosʲʊosʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p|head=ejakuliúodavusiuosiuose}} # {{infl of|lt|ejakuliuodavęs||pron|loc|m|p}} 37zf9qvntmmwczcfpk97nmczlcw1kpj 0 3469156 9800084 2026-05-29T12:03:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuodɐʋʲæːs]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞|head=ejakuliúodavęs}} # {{participle of|lt|ejakuliuoti||freq|past|act}} ====變格==== {{lt-dalyvis-past-active|ejakuliuodav}}」的新頁面 9800084 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuodɐʋʲæːs]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞|head=ejakuliúodavęs}} # {{participle of|lt|ejakuliuoti||freq|past|act}} ====變格==== {{lt-dalyvis-past-active|ejakuliuodav}} 0v1f6sx9d9467eoy4jafz9dpu8r8c4j 0 3469157 9800085 2026-05-29T12:03:54Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuojɛnʲtʲʃʲʊosʲʊosʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p|head=ejakuliúojančiuosiuose}} # {{infl of|lt|ejakuliuojantis||pron|loc|m|p}}」的新頁面 9800085 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuojɛnʲtʲʃʲʊosʲʊosʲɛ]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞變格形|g=m-p|head=ejakuliúojančiuosiuose}} # {{infl of|lt|ejakuliuojantis||pron|loc|m|p}} hs6b0po7x2n13ce6wjl77n2gwvpphve 0 3469158 9800086 2026-05-29T12:03:57Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuojɛnʲtʲɪs]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞|head=ejakuliúojantis}} # {{participle of|lt|ejakuliuoti||pres|act}} ====變格==== {{lt-dalyvis-pres-active|ejakuliuoj}}」的新頁面 9800086 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuojɛnʲtʲɪs]}} ===分詞=== {{head|lt|分詞|head=ejakuliúojantis}} # {{participle of|lt|ejakuliuoti||pres|act}} ====變格==== {{lt-dalyvis-pres-active|ejakuliuoj}} q1vhzs0mo2mge6i4cn7scoqsuot4lmb 0 3469159 9800087 2026-05-29T12:04:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuotʲɪ]}} ===動詞=== {{lt-verb|head=ejakuliúoti|ejakuliúoja|ejakuliãvo}} # {{lb|lt|不及物}} [[射精]] # {{lb|lt|及物}} [[射出]]{{gl|精液等}} ====變位==== {{lt-conj-1|ejakuliuoj|ejakuliav|ejakuliuo}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|lt|ejakuliacija}} {{C|lt|性}}」的新頁面 9800087 wikitext text/x-wiki ==立陶宛語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|lt|[ɛjɛkʊˈlʲuotʲɪ]}} ===動詞=== {{lt-verb|head=ejakuliúoti|ejakuliúoja|ejakuliãvo}} # {{lb|lt|不及物}} [[射精]] # {{lb|lt|及物}} [[射出]]{{gl|精液等}} ====變位==== {{lt-conj-1|ejakuliuoj|ejakuliav|ejakuliuo}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|lt|ejakuliacija}} {{C|lt|性}} 48i2c1h2vsd9tmkq93qq2td71nsk9n5 10 3469160 9800092 2026-05-29T13:24:16Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「西里西亞語正字法基於拉丁字母。尚未發現更早的文字。更多資訊請參閱維基百科上的「{{w|Silesian_language#Writing_system|西里西亞語字母}}」一文；有關字形本身的發展，請參閱 {{m|mul|{{pagename}}}}。<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>」的新頁面 9800092 wikitext text/x-wiki 西里西亞語正字法基於拉丁字母。尚未發現更早的文字。更多資訊請參閱維基百科上的「{{w|Silesian_language#Writing_system|西里西亞語字母}}」一文；有關字形本身的發展，請參閱 {{m|mul|{{pagename}}}}。<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 77ma8skmnepy1t7wk3djsly7mr8hca9 9800093 9800092 2026-05-29T13:25:19Z TongcyDai 53191 9800093 wikitext text/x-wiki 西里西亞語正字法基於拉丁字母。尚未發現更早的文字。更多資訊請參閱維基百科上的「{{w|Silesian_language#Writing_system|西里西亞語字母}}」一文；有關字形本身的發展，請參閱 {{m|mul|{{pagename}}}}。<noinclude> {{documentation}}{{tcat|etym}} </noinclude> 9pdrmexqba7rjihjcxx0rp0z4rhlioq 14 3469161 9800094 2026-05-29T13:25:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3469162 9800095 2026-05-29T13:25:55Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also/a|Ã|-ã}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA|語音學}} 鼻音化的{{w|lang=en|open front unrounded vowel|開前不圓唇元音}} # {{lb|mul|ISO}} 用於轉寫印度文字的 [[अँ]]（或等效字母） ===參見=== {{mul-script/Latn-list}} ==英語== ===字母=== {{letter|en}} {{tlb|en|棄用}} # {{lb|en|EME}} 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]，用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #…」的新頁面 9800095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/a|Ã|-ã}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA|語音學}} 鼻音化的{{w|lang=en|open front unrounded vowel|開前不圓唇元音}} # {{lb|mul|ISO}} 用於轉寫印度文字的 [[अँ]]（或等效字母） ===參見=== {{mul-script/Latn-list}} ==英語== ===字母=== {{letter|en}} {{tlb|en|棄用}} # {{lb|en|EME}} 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]，用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''commãd'' — command #: ''hãmer'' — hammer ==卡舒比語== ===詞源=== {{csb-ety-letter}} ===字母=== {{letter|csb}} # {{Latn-def|csb|letter|3|}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/csb}} ==中古法語== ===字母=== {{letter|frm}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]。用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''chãter'' ({{l|frm|chanter}}) ― 唱歌 #: ''chãp'' ({{l|frm|champ}}) ― 田野 ==古法語== ===字母=== {{letter|fro}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]。用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''chãter'' ({{l|fro|chanter}}) ― 唱歌 #: ''chãp'' ({{l|fro|champ}}) ― 田野 ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{qualifier|音位}} {{pt-IPA}} ===字母=== {{letter|pt}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]] #* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|5|page=231|text=― Harry, você n'''ã'''o pode mencionar uma coisa dessas numa carta! [...] ― Tudo bem, tudo bem, ent'''ã'''o n'''ã'''o vou contar a ele, tampouco!|t=——哈利，你不能在信裡提這種事！[...] ——好吧，好吧，那我也就不告訴他了。}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西里西亞語== ===詞源=== {{szl-ety-letter}} ===字母=== {{letter|szl}} # {{Latn-def|szl|letter|2}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/szl}} ==斯洛文尼亞語== ===其他形式=== * {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|洛加爾轉寫}}}} {{l|sl|ą}} ===詞源=== 帶波浪號（{{l|sl|̃|◌̃}}）的字母 {{l|sl|a}}，表示[[鼻元音]]。 ===發音=== * {{qualifier|語音}}: {{IPA|sl|[ã]}} ===符號=== {{head|sl|符號}} # {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|拉莫夫什轉寫}}}} 方言[[語音]][{{IPAlink|ã}}]的[[語音轉寫|轉寫]] ===參見=== * {{l|sl|a}} * {{l|sl|à}} * {{l|sl|á}} * {{l|sl|ä}} * {{l|sl|å}} * {{l|sl|ḁ}} * {{l|sl|ā}} * {{l|sl|ą}} * {{l|sl|ȁ}} * {{l|sl|ȃ}} * {{l|sl|ȧ}} ===參考資料=== * {{cite-book|sl|last=Kenda-Jež |first=Karmen |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Fonetična trankripcija |trans-title=語音轉寫 |url=https://fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122221458/https://www.fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archivedate=January 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]], Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |pages=27–30 }} ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|Vi nga tone.ogg}} ===字母=== {{letter|vi}} # {{ng|帶[[波浪號]]的字母 {{l|vi|a}}}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/vi}} ==薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語== ===代詞=== {{head|ctz|代詞|cat2=人稱代詞}} # [[他]]、[[她]]、[[它]] {{qualifier|第三人稱單數代詞}} coad6fdlj3sg7906rnjvck9uvslibwa 9800096 9800095 2026-05-29T13:26:44Z TongcyDai 53191 9800096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/a|Ã|-ã}} {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA|語音學}} 鼻音化的{{w|開前不圓唇元音}} # {{lb|mul|ISO}} 用於轉寫印度文字的 [[अँ]]（或等效字母） ===參見=== {{mul-script/Latn-list}} ==英語== ===字母=== {{letter|en}} {{tlb|en|棄用}} # {{lb|en|EME}} 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]，用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''commãd'' — command #: ''hãmer'' — hammer ==卡舒比語== ===詞源=== {{csb-ety-letter}} ===字母=== {{letter|csb}} # {{Latn-def|csb|letter|3|}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/csb}} ==中古法語== ===字母=== {{letter|frm}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]。用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''chãter'' ({{l|frm|chanter}}) ― 唱歌 #: ''chãp'' ({{l|frm|champ}}) ― 田野 ==古法語== ===字母=== {{letter|fro}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]]。用於替換字串 ''an'' 或 ''am'' #: ''chãter'' ({{l|fro|chanter}}) ― 唱歌 #: ''chãp'' ({{l|fro|champ}}) ― 田野 ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{qualifier|音位}} {{pt-IPA}} ===字母=== {{letter|pt}} # 帶[[波浪號]]的字母 [[a]] #* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|5|page=231|text=― Harry, você n'''ã'''o pode mencionar uma coisa dessas numa carta! [...] ― Tudo bem, tudo bem, ent'''ã'''o n'''ã'''o vou contar a ele, tampouco!|t=——哈利，你不能在信裡提這種事！[...] ——好吧，好吧，那我也就不告訴他了。}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西里西亞語== ===詞源=== {{szl-ety-letter}} ===字母=== {{letter|szl}} # {{Latn-def|szl|letter|2}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/szl}} ==斯洛文尼亞語== ===其他形式=== * {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|洛加爾轉寫}}}} {{l|sl|ą}} ===詞源=== 帶波浪號（{{l|sl|̃|◌̃}}）的字母 {{l|sl|a}}，表示[[鼻元音]]。 ===發音=== * {{qualifier|語音}}: {{IPA|sl|[ã]}} ===符號=== {{head|sl|符號}} # {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|拉莫夫什轉寫}}}} 方言[[語音]][{{IPAlink|ã}}]的[[語音轉寫|轉寫]] ===參見=== * {{l|sl|a}} * {{l|sl|à}} * {{l|sl|á}} * {{l|sl|ä}} * {{l|sl|å}} * {{l|sl|ḁ}} * {{l|sl|ā}} * {{l|sl|ą}} * {{l|sl|ȁ}} * {{l|sl|ȃ}} * {{l|sl|ȧ}} ===參考資料=== * {{cite-book|sl|last=Kenda-Jež |first=Karmen |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Fonetična trankripcija |trans-title=語音轉寫 |url=https://fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122221458/https://www.fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archivedate=January 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]], Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |pages=27–30 }} ==越南語== ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|Vi nga tone.ogg}} ===字母=== {{letter|vi}} # {{ng|帶[[波浪號]]的字母 {{l|vi|a}}}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/vi}} ==薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語== ===代詞=== {{head|ctz|代詞|cat2=人稱代詞}} # [[他]]、[[她]]、[[它]] {{qualifier|第三人稱單數代詞}} mt8rmvend8coj55adqekb6av1grj18v 10 3469163 9800098 2026-05-29T13:29:12Z TongcyDai 53191 TongcyDai移动页面[[Template:R:Courthiade]]至[[Template:R:Courthiade:2009]] 9800098 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:R:Courthiade:2009]] hsikglqzhumnrbw8wayi16ozezy9pmm 0 3469164 9800101 2026-05-29T13:34:39Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also/a|Ä|ӓ|ɐ̤|-ä}} {{character info}} {{minitoc}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA}} 有時用於轉寫{{w|開央不圓唇元音}}，因為 {{angbr IPA|a}} 在官方標準中為開前元音 # {{lb|mul|烏拉爾音標}} {{w|開前不圓唇元音}}（IPA：{{IPAfont|[æ]}}） # {{lb|mul|上標 {{angbr IPA|ᵃ̈}}|UPA}} 極短或稍縱即逝的 ''ä'' # {{lb|mul|actuarial notation}} [[期初年金]] #: {{uxi|mul|…」的新頁面 9800101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/a|Ä|ӓ|ɐ̤|-ä}} {{character info}} {{minitoc}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA}} 有時用於轉寫{{w|開央不圓唇元音}}，因為 {{angbr IPA|a}} 在官方標準中為開前元音 # {{lb|mul|烏拉爾音標}} {{w|開前不圓唇元音}}（IPA：{{IPAfont|[æ]}}） # {{lb|mul|上標 {{angbr IPA|ᵃ̈}}|UPA}} 極短或稍縱即逝的 ''ä'' # {{lb|mul|actuarial notation}} [[期初年金]] #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_n̅{{!}}}}|n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x:n̅{{!}}}}|目前 x 歲者的 n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x}}|目前 x 歲者的終身期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|<math>_{k|}{\ddot{a}}_{x:\overline{n|}}^{(m)}</math>|目前 x 歲者的 k 年延期終身期初年金，按 m 期複利}} ==英語== ===符號=== {{en-head|sym}} # {{lb|en|辭書學}} {{ng|用於表示 {{w|lang=en|lexical set#English|PALM}} 元音的字典音標}} ==丁卡語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|din|/a̤/}} ===字母=== {{letter|din}} # {{Latn-def|din|letter}} ==埃爾夫達利安語== ===名詞=== {{ovd-noun|f}} # [[島嶼]] ====屈折==== {{ovd-decl-blank-full<!-- -->|title=''ä''<!-- -->|g=feminine<!-- -->|nsi=ä<!-- -->|asi=ä<!-- -->|dsi=ä<!-- -->|gsi=—<!-- -->|nsd=enę<!-- -->|asd=enę<!-- -->|dsd=e'n<!-- -->|gsd=—<!-- -->|npi=äer<!-- -->|api=äer<!-- -->|dpi=äum<!-- -->|gpi=—<!-- -->|npd=äär<!-- -->|apd=äär<!-- -->|dpd=äum(e)<!-- -->|gpd=—<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{cln|ovd|irregular nouns}}<!-- --><noinclude> {{C|ovd|地形}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|et|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{et-IPA/old|ää}} ===字母=== {{letter|et}} # {{Latn-def|et|letter|28|ää}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/et}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|fi|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{s|語音}} {{IPA|fi|/æ/}} * {{audio|fi|Fi-ä.ogg|text=[[ää]], [[häkä]], [[sää]], [[määräys]], [[ää]]}} ===字母=== {{letter|fi}} # {{Latn-def|fi|letter|27|ää}} ====用法說明==== 在有技術限制的情況下，''ä'' 應以 ''a'' 表示（不應如德語般使用 ''ae''）。 ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/fi}} ==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,-:s,-:s}} # {{alt form|de|Ä}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,-:s,-:s}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:de:Duden|ae_Buchstabe}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} ==立窩尼亞語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{liv-IPA|æ}} ===字母=== {{letter|liv}} # {{Latn-def|liv|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/liv}} ==北弗里斯蘭語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|frr|[ɛ]|qq=短元音}} * {{IPA|frr|[ɛː]|qq=長元音，拼作 ''ää''}} ===字母=== {{letter|frr}} # {{lb|frr|Föhr-Amrum|Mooring}} {{Latn-def|frr|letter}} ====用法說明==== * 在弗爾-阿姆魯姆弗里斯蘭語中，單獨的 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 僅出現在詞尾。在其他位置，{{IPAchar|[ɛ]}} 用 ⟨{{l|frr|e}}⟩ 表示。 * 莫靈弗里斯蘭語使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 來表示所有的 {{IPAchar|[ɛ]}}，單獨的字母 ⟨{{l|frr||e}}⟩ 則專門用於弱化元音 {{IPAchar|[ə]}} 和 {{IPAchar|[ɐ]}}。 * 敘爾特弗里斯蘭語完全不使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩。在該方言中，長元音 {{IPAchar|[ɛː]}} 僅出現在 ⟨{{l|frr|r}}⟩ 之前，並用 ⟨{{l|frr|[[ē]]}}⟩、⟨{{l|frr|a|ai}}⟩ 或 ⟨{{l|frr|a|ia}}⟩ 表示。 ===參見=== * {{sense|北弗里斯蘭語字母}} {{l|frr|[[a]], [[ä]], [[å]], [[ā]], [[b]], [[c]], [[d]], [[đ]], [[e]], [[ē]], [[f]], [[g]], [[h]], [[i]], [[j]], [[k]], [[l]], [[m]], [[n]], [[o]], [[ö]], [[p]], [[r]], [[s]], [[t]], [[u]], [[ü]], [[v]], [[w]] ([[q]], [[x]], [[y]], [[z]])}} ==羅姆語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|rom|/ɨ/|q1=<ref>{{R:Courthiade|chapter=DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"|page=499}}</ref>|/ə/|q2=<ref>{{R:NERG|ä|page=16}}</ref>}} ===字母=== {{letter|rom}} # {{lb|rom|International Standard}} {{ng|用於表示方言中的[[央化]][[元音]]}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/rom}} ===參考資料=== <references /> ==斯科爾特薩米語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sms|/a/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sms}} # {{Latn-def|sms|letter|36}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sms}} ==斯洛伐克語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sk|/ɛ/|/ɛɐ̯/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sk}} # {{Latn-def|sk|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sk}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sk:SDK}} ==斯洛文尼亞語== ===詞源1=== 源自{{der|sl|de|ä}} 及其對應發音。部分使用者仍保持此發音，但大多數使用者已將其本土化，無論初始發音為何，皆發作長半閉元音。 ====發音1==== * {{qualifier|音位}}：{{IPA|sl|/éː/|/èː/|[ɛ́ː]}} * {{qualifier|字母名稱|通用}}：{{sl-IPA|preglašéni ā}} ({{l|sl|preglašeni a}}) * {{qualifier|字母名稱|受教育者}}：{{sl-IPA|ē}} * {{rhymes|sl|ɛː}} * {{homophones|sl|e}} =====字母===== {{letter|sl}} # 斯洛文尼亞語的附加字母，主要見於源自[[德語]]的[[借詞]] =====名詞===== {{sl-noun|ä|m-in}} # {{qualifier|受教育者}} {{ng|[[Appendix:Latin script|拉丁字母]] '''''[[Ä]]'''''／'''''[[ä]]''''' 的名稱}} ====用法說明==== 使用 {{l|sl|preglašeni a}} 作為字母名稱比使用此名稱更為常見。 ====變格==== * 整體上更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-m|ä|ä-j}} * 與定形容詞連用時更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-table2|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|title=陽性無生命，無詞尾}} ====發音2==== * {{qualifier|語音}} {{IPA|sl|[æ]}} =====符號===== {{head|sl|符號}} # {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|SNPT}}}} 方言[[語音]] [{{IPAlink|æ}}] 的[[語音轉寫|轉寫]] ===詞源2=== 帶分音符（{{l|sl|¨}}）的字母 {{l|sl|a}}，表示[[央化]]。 ====發音==== * {{qualifier|雷西亞方言}} {{IPA|sl|/ɐ/}} ====字母==== {{letter|sl}} # {{Latn-def|sl|letter|2|alphvar=Resian}} ===參見=== * {{l|sl|a}} * {{l|sl|à}} * {{l|sl|á}} * {{l|sl|ã}} * {{l|sl|å}} * {{l|sl|ā}} * {{l|sl|ą}} * {{l|sl|ȁ}} * {{l|sl|ȃ}} * {{l|sl|ȧ}} ===參考資料=== * {{cite-book|sl|last=Kenda-Jež |first=Karmen |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Fonetična trankripcija |trans-title=語音轉寫 |url=https://fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122221458/https://www.fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archivedate=January 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]], Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |pages=27–30 }} * {{cite-book|last=Steenwijk|first=Han|title=Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë|publisher=CLEUP|year=1994|location=Padua|worklang=it, sl}} ==南塔穹語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|tce|/ə/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tce}} # {{Latn-def|tce|letter}} ==瑞典語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|sv|æ|aͤ||古舊}} * {{alt|sv|ā||手寫}} ===發音=== ; 字母名稱 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/}} * {{audio|mul|Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg}} ; 音位 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/|/æ/|/ɛː/|/ɛ/}} ===詞源1=== [[File:Äng, 1777 typography.jpg|thumb|1777年的單詞 {{m|sv|aͤng|tr=[[äng]]|t=草地}}，當時仍在使用現已廢棄的變體 aͤ。]] 最初是 A 和 E 的連字。在16世紀，該字母開始被寫成 A 上方帶一個小寫字母 e（分別為 Aͤ 和 aͤ）。到了18世紀最初的幾十年間，開始出現使用變音符號（umlaut）的寫法。 ====字母==== {{letter|sv}} # [[瑞典語]]字母表的倒數第二個字母，發長音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æː/}}，發短音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æ/}}。在瑞典語中部方言中，這些音位已部分與長音 {{IPAchar|/eː/}} 及短音 {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}} 合併 =====變格===== {{sv-infl-noun-n-n|2=äe|3=ä}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|sv|動詞變位形式}} # {{lb|sv|口語|網路用語|text messaging}} {{pronunciation spelling of|sv|är}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sv:SO}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sv}} ==特里貝語== ===名詞=== {{head|tfr|名詞}} # [[斧頭]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:Gamarra & Villagra 1980|page=92}} ==土庫曼語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|tk|/æ/|/æː/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tk}} # {{Latn-def|tk|letter|6|ä}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/tk}} ==沃拉普克語== ===前綴=== {{head|vo|前綴}} # {{n-g|用於構成[[未完成時]]的[[動詞]][[前綴]]}} ==威爾士語== ===發音=== * {{s|音位}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈaː/|/ˌa/|}} ===字母=== {{letter|cy}} # {{ng|帶標記的字母 A，表示其與相鄰元音分開的音節發音}} mwrgq1b9p3nu60zaza6f53d1t0ohs7c 9800102 9800101 2026-05-29T13:35:11Z TongcyDai 53191 9800102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/a|Ä|ӓ|ɐ̤|-ä}} {{character info}} {{minitoc}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA}} 有時用於轉寫{{w|開央不圓唇元音}}，因為 {{angbr IPA|a}} 在官方標準中為開前元音 # {{lb|mul|烏拉爾音標}} {{w|開前不圓唇元音}}（IPA：{{IPAfont|[æ]}}） # {{lb|mul|上標 {{angbr IPA|ᵃ̈}}|UPA}} 極短或稍縱即逝的 ''ä'' # {{lb|mul|actuarial notation}} [[期初年金]] #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_n̅{{!}}}}|n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x:n̅{{!}}}}|目前 x 歲者的 n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x}}|目前 x 歲者的終身期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|<math>_{k|}{\ddot{a}}_{x:\overline{n|}}^{(m)}</math>|目前 x 歲者的 k 年延期終身期初年金，按 m 期複利}} ==英語== ===符號=== {{en-head|sym}} # {{lb|en|辭書學}} {{ng|用於表示 {{w|lang=en|lexical set#English|PALM}} 元音的字典音標}} ==丁卡語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|din|/a̤/}} ===字母=== {{letter|din}} # {{Latn-def|din|letter}} ==埃爾夫達利安語== ===名詞=== {{ovd-noun|f}} # [[島嶼]] ====屈折==== {{ovd-decl-blank-full<!-- -->|title=''ä''<!-- -->|g=feminine<!-- -->|nsi=ä<!-- -->|asi=ä<!-- -->|dsi=ä<!-- -->|gsi=—<!-- -->|nsd=enę<!-- -->|asd=enę<!-- -->|dsd=e'n<!-- -->|gsd=—<!-- -->|npi=äer<!-- -->|api=äer<!-- -->|dpi=äum<!-- -->|gpi=—<!-- -->|npd=äär<!-- -->|apd=äär<!-- -->|dpd=äum(e)<!-- -->|gpd=—<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{cln|ovd|不規則名詞}}<!-- --><noinclude> {{C|ovd|地形}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|et|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{et-IPA/old|ää}} ===字母=== {{letter|et}} # {{Latn-def|et|letter|28|ää}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/et}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|fi|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{s|語音}} {{IPA|fi|/æ/}} * {{audio|fi|Fi-ä.ogg|text=[[ää]], [[häkä]], [[sää]], [[määräys]], [[ää]]}} ===字母=== {{letter|fi}} # {{Latn-def|fi|letter|27|ää}} ====用法說明==== 在有技術限制的情況下，''ä'' 應以 ''a'' 表示（不應如德語般使用 ''ae''）。 ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/fi}} ==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,-:s,-:s}} # {{alt form|de|Ä}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,-:s,-:s}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:de:Duden|ae_Buchstabe}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} ==立窩尼亞語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{liv-IPA|æ}} ===字母=== {{letter|liv}} # {{Latn-def|liv|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/liv}} ==北弗里斯蘭語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|frr|[ɛ]|qq=短元音}} * {{IPA|frr|[ɛː]|qq=長元音，拼作 ''ää''}} ===字母=== {{letter|frr}} # {{lb|frr|Föhr-Amrum|Mooring}} {{Latn-def|frr|letter}} ====用法說明==== * 在弗爾-阿姆魯姆弗里斯蘭語中，單獨的 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 僅出現在詞尾。在其他位置，{{IPAchar|[ɛ]}} 用 ⟨{{l|frr|e}}⟩ 表示。 * 莫靈弗里斯蘭語使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 來表示所有的 {{IPAchar|[ɛ]}}，單獨的字母 ⟨{{l|frr||e}}⟩ 則專門用於弱化元音 {{IPAchar|[ə]}} 和 {{IPAchar|[ɐ]}}。 * 敘爾特弗里斯蘭語完全不使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩。在該方言中，長元音 {{IPAchar|[ɛː]}} 僅出現在 ⟨{{l|frr|r}}⟩ 之前，並用 ⟨{{l|frr|[[ē]]}}⟩、⟨{{l|frr|a|ai}}⟩ 或 ⟨{{l|frr|a|ia}}⟩ 表示。 ===參見=== * {{sense|北弗里斯蘭語字母}} {{l|frr|[[a]], [[ä]], [[å]], [[ā]], [[b]], [[c]], [[d]], [[đ]], [[e]], [[ē]], [[f]], [[g]], [[h]], [[i]], [[j]], [[k]], [[l]], [[m]], [[n]], [[o]], [[ö]], [[p]], [[r]], [[s]], [[t]], [[u]], [[ü]], [[v]], [[w]] ([[q]], [[x]], [[y]], [[z]])}} ==羅姆語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|rom|/ɨ/|q1=<ref>{{R:Courthiade|chapter=DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"|page=499}}</ref>|/ə/|q2=<ref>{{R:NERG|ä|page=16}}</ref>}} ===字母=== {{letter|rom}} # {{lb|rom|International Standard}} {{ng|用於表示方言中的[[央化]][[元音]]}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/rom}} ===參考資料=== <references /> ==斯科爾特薩米語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sms|/a/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sms}} # {{Latn-def|sms|letter|36}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sms}} ==斯洛伐克語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sk|/ɛ/|/ɛɐ̯/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sk}} # {{Latn-def|sk|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sk}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sk:SDK}} ==斯洛文尼亞語== ===詞源1=== 源自{{der|sl|de|ä}} 及其對應發音。部分使用者仍保持此發音，但大多數使用者已將其本土化，無論初始發音為何，皆發作長半閉元音。 ====發音1==== * {{qualifier|音位}}：{{IPA|sl|/éː/|/èː/|[ɛ́ː]}} * {{qualifier|字母名稱|通用}}：{{sl-IPA|preglašéni ā}} ({{l|sl|preglašeni a}}) * {{qualifier|字母名稱|受教育者}}：{{sl-IPA|ē}} * {{rhymes|sl|ɛː}} * {{homophones|sl|e}} =====字母===== {{letter|sl}} # 斯洛文尼亞語的附加字母，主要見於源自[[德語]]的[[借詞]] =====名詞===== {{sl-noun|ä|m-in}} # {{qualifier|受教育者}} {{ng|[[Appendix:Latin script|拉丁字母]] '''''[[Ä]]'''''／'''''[[ä]]''''' 的名稱}} ====用法說明==== 使用 {{l|sl|preglašeni a}} 作為字母名稱比使用此名稱更為常見。 ====變格==== * 整體上更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-m|ä|ä-j}} * 與定形容詞連用時更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-table2|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|title=陽性無生命，無詞尾}} ====發音2==== * {{qualifier|語音}} {{IPA|sl|[æ]}} =====符號===== {{head|sl|符號}} # {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|SNPT}}}} 方言[[語音]] [{{IPAlink|æ}}] 的[[語音轉寫|轉寫]] ===詞源2=== 帶分音符（{{l|sl|¨}}）的字母 {{l|sl|a}}，表示[[央化]]。 ====發音==== * {{qualifier|雷西亞方言}} {{IPA|sl|/ɐ/}} ====字母==== {{letter|sl}} # {{Latn-def|sl|letter|2|alphvar=Resian}} ===參見=== * {{l|sl|a}} * {{l|sl|à}} * {{l|sl|á}} * {{l|sl|ã}} * {{l|sl|å}} * {{l|sl|ā}} * {{l|sl|ą}} * {{l|sl|ȁ}} * {{l|sl|ȃ}} * {{l|sl|ȧ}} ===參考資料=== * {{cite-book|sl|last=Kenda-Jež |first=Karmen |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Fonetična trankripcija |trans-title=語音轉寫 |url=https://fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122221458/https://www.fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archivedate=January 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]], Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |pages=27–30 }} * {{cite-book|last=Steenwijk|first=Han|title=Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë|publisher=CLEUP|year=1994|location=Padua|worklang=it, sl}} ==南塔穹語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|tce|/ə/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tce}} # {{Latn-def|tce|letter}} ==瑞典語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|sv|æ|aͤ||古舊}} * {{alt|sv|ā||手寫}} ===發音=== ; 字母名稱 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/}} * {{audio|mul|Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg}} ; 音位 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/|/æ/|/ɛː/|/ɛ/}} ===詞源1=== [[File:Äng, 1777 typography.jpg|thumb|1777年的單詞 {{m|sv|aͤng|tr=[[äng]]|t=草地}}，當時仍在使用現已廢棄的變體 aͤ。]] 最初是 A 和 E 的連字。在16世紀，該字母開始被寫成 A 上方帶一個小寫字母 e（分別為 Aͤ 和 aͤ）。到了18世紀最初的幾十年間，開始出現使用變音符號（umlaut）的寫法。 ====字母==== {{letter|sv}} # [[瑞典語]]字母表的倒數第二個字母，發長音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æː/}}，發短音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æ/}}。在瑞典語中部方言中，這些音位已部分與長音 {{IPAchar|/eː/}} 及短音 {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}} 合併 =====變格===== {{sv-infl-noun-n-n|2=äe|3=ä}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|sv|動詞變位形式}} # {{lb|sv|口語|網路用語|text messaging}} {{pronunciation spelling of|sv|är}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sv:SO}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sv}} ==特里貝語== ===名詞=== {{head|tfr|名詞}} # [[斧頭]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:Gamarra & Villagra 1980|page=92}} ==土庫曼語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|tk|/æ/|/æː/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tk}} # {{Latn-def|tk|letter|6|ä}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/tk}} ==沃拉普克語== ===前綴=== {{head|vo|前綴}} # {{n-g|用於構成[[未完成時]]的[[動詞]][[前綴]]}} ==威爾士語== ===發音=== * {{s|音位}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈaː/|/ˌa/|}} ===字母=== {{letter|cy}} # {{ng|帶標記的字母 A，表示其與相鄰元音分開的音節發音}} 6nesj5nodwxf6x15q58jjlv6j7nulf6 9800106 9800102 2026-05-29T13:35:32Z TongcyDai 53191 9800106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/a|Ä|ӓ|ɐ̤|-ä}} {{character info}} {{minitoc}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|IPA}} 有時用於轉寫{{w|開央不圓唇元音}}，因為 {{angbr IPA|a}} 在官方標準中為開前元音 # {{lb|mul|烏拉爾音標}} {{w|開前不圓唇元音}}（IPA：{{IPAfont|[æ]}}） # {{lb|mul|上標 {{angbr IPA|ᵃ̈}}|UPA}} 極短或稍縱即逝的 ''ä'' # {{lb|mul|actuarial notation}} [[期初年金]] #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_n̅{{!}}}}|n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x:n̅{{!}}}}|目前 x 歲者的 n 年期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|{{math|ä_x}}|目前 x 歲者的終身期初年金}} #: {{uxi|mul|<math>_{k|}{\ddot{a}}_{x:\overline{n|}}^{(m)}</math>|目前 x 歲者的 k 年延期終身期初年金，按 m 期複利}} ==英語== ===符號=== {{en-head|符號}} # {{lb|en|辭書學}} {{ng|用於表示 {{w|lang=en|lexical set#English|PALM}} 元音的字典音標}} ==丁卡語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|din|/a̤/}} ===字母=== {{letter|din}} # {{Latn-def|din|letter}} ==埃爾夫達利安語== ===名詞=== {{ovd-noun|f}} # [[島嶼]] ====屈折==== {{ovd-decl-blank-full<!-- -->|title=''ä''<!-- -->|g=feminine<!-- -->|nsi=ä<!-- -->|asi=ä<!-- -->|dsi=ä<!-- -->|gsi=—<!-- -->|nsd=enę<!-- -->|asd=enę<!-- -->|dsd=e'n<!-- -->|gsd=—<!-- -->|npi=äer<!-- -->|api=äer<!-- -->|dpi=äum<!-- -->|gpi=—<!-- -->|npd=äär<!-- -->|apd=äär<!-- -->|dpd=äum(e)<!-- -->|gpd=—<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{cln|ovd|不規則名詞}}<!-- --><noinclude> {{C|ovd|地形}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|et|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{et-IPA/old|ää}} ===字母=== {{letter|et}} # {{Latn-def|et|letter|28|ää}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/et}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|fi|Ä}}。 ===發音=== * {{s|語音}} {{IPA|fi|/æ/}} * {{audio|fi|Fi-ä.ogg|text=[[ää]], [[häkä]], [[sää]], [[määräys]], [[ää]]}} ===字母=== {{letter|fi}} # {{Latn-def|fi|letter|27|ää}} ====用法說明==== 在有技術限制的情況下，''ä'' 應以 ''a'' 表示（不應如德語般使用 ''ae''）。 ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/fi}} ==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,-:s,-:s}} # {{alt form|de|Ä}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,-:s,-:s}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:de:Duden|ae_Buchstabe}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} ==立窩尼亞語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{liv-IPA|æ}} ===字母=== {{letter|liv}} # {{Latn-def|liv|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/liv}} ==北弗里斯蘭語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|frr|[ɛ]|qq=短元音}} * {{IPA|frr|[ɛː]|qq=長元音，拼作 ''ää''}} ===字母=== {{letter|frr}} # {{lb|frr|Föhr-Amrum|Mooring}} {{Latn-def|frr|letter}} ====用法說明==== * 在弗爾-阿姆魯姆弗里斯蘭語中，單獨的 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 僅出現在詞尾。在其他位置，{{IPAchar|[ɛ]}} 用 ⟨{{l|frr|e}}⟩ 表示。 * 莫靈弗里斯蘭語使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩ 來表示所有的 {{IPAchar|[ɛ]}}，單獨的字母 ⟨{{l|frr||e}}⟩ 則專門用於弱化元音 {{IPAchar|[ə]}} 和 {{IPAchar|[ɐ]}}。 * 敘爾特弗里斯蘭語完全不使用 ⟨{{l|frr||ä}}⟩。在該方言中，長元音 {{IPAchar|[ɛː]}} 僅出現在 ⟨{{l|frr|r}}⟩ 之前，並用 ⟨{{l|frr|[[ē]]}}⟩、⟨{{l|frr|a|ai}}⟩ 或 ⟨{{l|frr|a|ia}}⟩ 表示。 ===參見=== * {{sense|北弗里斯蘭語字母}} {{l|frr|[[a]], [[ä]], [[å]], [[ā]], [[b]], [[c]], [[d]], [[đ]], [[e]], [[ē]], [[f]], [[g]], [[h]], [[i]], [[j]], [[k]], [[l]], [[m]], [[n]], [[o]], [[ö]], [[p]], [[r]], [[s]], [[t]], [[u]], [[ü]], [[v]], [[w]] ([[q]], [[x]], [[y]], [[z]])}} ==羅姆語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|rom|/ɨ/|q1=<ref>{{R:Courthiade|chapter=DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"|page=499}}</ref>|/ə/|q2=<ref>{{R:NERG|ä|page=16}}</ref>}} ===字母=== {{letter|rom}} # {{lb|rom|International Standard}} {{ng|用於表示方言中的[[央化]][[元音]]}} ====參見==== {{list:Latin script letters/rom}} ===參考資料=== <references /> ==斯科爾特薩米語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sms|/a/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sms}} # {{Latn-def|sms|letter|36}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sms}} ==斯洛伐克語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|sk|/ɛ/|/ɛɐ̯/}} ===字母=== {{letter|sk}} # {{Latn-def|sk|letter|3}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sk}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sk:SDK}} ==斯洛文尼亞語== ===詞源1=== 源自{{der|sl|de|ä}} 及其對應發音。部分使用者仍保持此發音，但大多數使用者已將其本土化，無論初始發音為何，皆發作長半閉元音。 ====發音1==== * {{qualifier|音位}}：{{IPA|sl|/éː/|/èː/|[ɛ́ː]}} * {{qualifier|字母名稱|通用}}：{{sl-IPA|preglašéni ā}} ({{l|sl|preglašeni a}}) * {{qualifier|字母名稱|受教育者}}：{{sl-IPA|ē}} * {{rhymes|sl|ɛː}} * {{homophones|sl|e}} =====字母===== {{letter|sl}} # 斯洛文尼亞語的附加字母，主要見於源自[[德語]]的[[借詞]] =====名詞===== {{sl-noun|ä|m-in}} # {{qualifier|受教育者}} {{ng|[[Appendix:Latin script|拉丁字母]] '''''[[Ä]]'''''／'''''[[ä]]''''' 的名稱}} ====用法說明==== 使用 {{l|sl|preglašeni a}} 作為字母名稱比使用此名稱更為常見。 ====變格==== * 整體上更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-m|ä|ä-j}} * 與定形容詞連用時更常見 {{sl-decl-noun-table2|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|ä|title=陽性無生命，無詞尾}} ====發音2==== * {{qualifier|語音}} {{IPA|sl|[æ]}} =====符號===== {{head|sl|符號}} # {{qualifier|{{w|lang=en|Slovene_national_phonetic_transcription|SNPT}}}} 方言[[語音]] [{{IPAlink|æ}}] 的[[語音轉寫|轉寫]] ===詞源2=== 帶分音符（{{l|sl|¨}}）的字母 {{l|sl|a}}，表示[[央化]]。 ====發音==== * {{qualifier|雷西亞方言}} {{IPA|sl|/ɐ/}} ====字母==== {{letter|sl}} # {{Latn-def|sl|letter|2|alphvar=Resian}} ===參見=== * {{l|sl|a}} * {{l|sl|à}} * {{l|sl|á}} * {{l|sl|ã}} * {{l|sl|å}} * {{l|sl|ā}} * {{l|sl|ą}} * {{l|sl|ȁ}} * {{l|sl|ȃ}} * {{l|sl|ȧ}} ===參考資料=== * {{cite-book|sl|last=Kenda-Jež |first=Karmen |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Fonetična trankripcija |trans-title=語音轉寫 |url=https://fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122221458/https://www.fran.si/150/sla-slovenski-lingvisticni-atlas-1/datoteke/SLA1_Foneticna-transkripcija.pdf |archivedate=January 22, 2022 |accessdate=March 19, 2022 |publisher=Znanstvenoraziskovalni center [[SAZU]], Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša |pages=27–30 }} * {{cite-book|last=Steenwijk|first=Han|title=Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë|publisher=CLEUP|year=1994|location=Padua|worklang=it, sl}} ==南塔穹語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|tce|/ə/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tce}} # {{Latn-def|tce|letter}} ==瑞典語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|sv|æ|aͤ||古舊}} * {{alt|sv|ā||手寫}} ===發音=== ; 字母名稱 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/}} * {{audio|mul|Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg}} ; 音位 * {{IPA|sv|/æː/|/æ/|/ɛː/|/ɛ/}} ===詞源1=== [[File:Äng, 1777 typography.jpg|thumb|1777年的單詞 {{m|sv|aͤng|tr=[[äng]]|t=草地}}，當時仍在使用現已廢棄的變體 aͤ。]] 最初是 A 和 E 的連字。在16世紀，該字母開始被寫成 A 上方帶一個小寫字母 e（分別為 Aͤ 和 aͤ）。到了18世紀最初的幾十年間，開始出現使用變音符號（umlaut）的寫法。 ====字母==== {{letter|sv}} # [[瑞典語]]字母表的倒數第二個字母，發長音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æː/}}，發短音時讀作 {{IPAchar|/æ/}}。在瑞典語中部方言中，這些音位已部分與長音 {{IPAchar|/eː/}} 及短音 {{IPAchar|/ɛ/}} 合併 =====變格===== {{sv-infl-noun-n-n|2=äe|3=ä}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|sv|動詞變位形式}} # {{lb|sv|口語|網路用語|text messaging}} {{pronunciation spelling of|sv|är}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sv:SO}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/sv}} ==特里貝語== ===名詞=== {{head|tfr|名詞}} # [[斧頭]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:Gamarra & Villagra 1980|page=92}} ==土庫曼語== ===發音=== * {{qualifier|音位}} {{IPA|tk|/æ/|/æː/}} ===字母=== {{letter|tk}} # {{Latn-def|tk|letter|6|ä}} ===參見=== {{list:Latin script letters/tk}} ==沃拉普克語== ===前綴=== {{head|vo|前綴}} # {{n-g|用於構成[[未完成時]]的[[動詞]][[前綴]]}} ==威爾士語== ===發音=== * {{s|音位}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈaː/|/ˌa/|}} ===字母=== {{letter|cy}} # {{ng|帶標記的字母 A，表示其與相鄰元音分開的音節發音}} s2110qtexaxf11il5olxv25pnbqz63d 14 3469165 9800103 2026-05-29T13:35:18Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469166 9800104 2026-05-29T13:35:26Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469167 9800105 2026-05-29T13:35:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469168 9800107 2026-05-29T13:35:38Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469169 9800108 2026-05-29T13:35:44Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3469170 9800112 2026-05-29T15:04:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝，而青于蓝}} ===詞源=== 出自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}》： : {{zh-x|君子 曰 ：學 不可 以 已。'''青'''，取 之 '''於 藍'''，'''而 青 於 藍'''；冰，水 為{wéi} 之，而 寒 於 水。|君子說：學習不可停止。'''青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的，而顏色比蓼藍更深'''；冰是用水凍成的，而溫度比水更寒冷。|ref=Xunzi|collapsed=y}} ===發…」的新頁面 9800112 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=青出于蓝，而青于蓝}} ===詞源=== 出自《{{w|荀子 (書)|荀子}}》： : {{zh-x|君子 曰 ：學 不可 以 已。'''青'''，取 之 '''於 藍'''，'''而 青 於 藍'''；冰，水 為{wéi} 之，而 寒 於 水。|君子說：學習不可停止。'''青色是從蓼藍裡提煉出來的，而顏色比蓼藍更深'''；冰是用水凍成的，而溫度比水更寒冷。|ref=Xunzi|collapsed=y}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qīng chū yú lán, ér qīng yú lán |c=cing1 ceot1 jyu1 laam4, ji4 cing1 jyu1 laam4 |cat=prov }} ===諺語=== {{head|zh|諺語}} # 比喻[[學生]]、[[後輩]]或[[弟子]]的學問、技術、成就超過[[老師]]或[[前輩]]。 ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|青出於藍，而勝於藍}} * {{zh-l|青出於藍，更勝於藍}} * {{zh-l|青出於藍}} * {{zh-l|青過於藍}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|calque=1|ja|青は藍より出でて藍より青し|tr=ao wa ai yori idete ai yori aoshi}} eh8dfl2uhrgs9o5jzaxngt9byol7evs 0 3469171 9800115 2026-05-29T15:21:58Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{af|de|Schicht|Arbeiter}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=+}} # [[輪班]][[工人]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}}」的新頁面 9800115 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{af|de|Schicht|Arbeiter}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=+}} # [[輪班]][[工人]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} c4vc9zd4otz5pw1tvf30gqjw4dj8a6c 0 3469172 9800116 2026-05-29T15:23:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeitern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schichtarbeiter||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800116 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeitern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schichtarbeiter||dat|p}} 8nr1e562l8vexr4hfkx2peywi05un3t 0 3469173 9800117 2026-05-29T15:23:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯təʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiterin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Schichtarbeiter}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}}」的新頁面 9800117 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯təʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiterin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Schichtarbeiter}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} 6ep40qbysubf77fezyvvre1e88pod8j 0 3469174 9800118 2026-05-29T15:23:35Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiters.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schichtarbeiter||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800118 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯tɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiters.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schichtarbeiter||gen|s}} 24eu9xpvxyypj0g01fh7obhwfyzrg90 0 3469175 9800119 2026-05-29T15:23:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯təʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiterinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Schichtarbeiterin}}」的新頁面 9800119 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪçtʔaʁˌbaɪ̯təʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schichtarbeiterinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Schichtarbeiterin}} d02pmbfxfm000gqqtolthjkg387x8yt 0 3469176 9800121 2026-05-29T15:25:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|charakteristisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800121 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|charakteristisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} hb00e3pqn6n4y6jatd4fmq1yzdpfym4 0 3469177 9800122 2026-05-29T15:25:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800122 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} tarapm978v8kgfll4vdx72utlbp8rmb 0 3469178 9800123 2026-05-29T15:25:48Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800123 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} 9d1gjod51h4el5952vwg795ivp5ftun 0 3469179 9800124 2026-05-29T15:25:49Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristische.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800124 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristische.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} 2in1hqn4bydllqdc854sk6l40uvos72 0 3469180 9800125 2026-05-29T15:25:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristisches.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800125 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristisches.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} bpewl4stxvj2jnyprrbdo4feik2u17m 0 3469181 9800126 2026-05-29T15:26:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800126 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} pcmscq2jqpmfxmupxmbwodiyvjy4tj7 0 3469182 9800127 2026-05-29T15:26:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischeren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800127 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischeren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} prpj43rhmuzoojwvw5cxu8t5h97e38t 0 3469183 9800128 2026-05-29T15:26:13Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800128 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} stuv4l6o38lmbo6700wvsq4sn5y63tp 0 3469184 9800129 2026-05-29T15:26:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800129 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} 1aqhctp06pvzyv0cuhhndsfsioxm7nt 0 3469185 9800130 2026-05-29T15:26:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischeres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800130 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischeres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} 4tlswtfgn2m7rgnrp34reyz4gah6kv0 0 3469186 9800131 2026-05-29T15:26:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|charakteristisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800131 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|charakteristisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} 3hu5tmx06xgclaligb7wtb7dqb948bo 0 3469187 9800132 2026-05-29T15:26:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800132 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} antensjmyfj32n1g5hcjk1t97fke2d9 0 3469188 9800133 2026-05-29T15:26:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800133 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} fs3n6d9wzwjmbn0ra3bqiobzfng6i4e 0 3469189 9800134 2026-05-29T15:26:44Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800134 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} kyegwl4mcvix98piseojzf419zt7xya 0 3469190 9800135 2026-05-29T15:26:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}}」的新頁面 9800135 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁaktəˈʁɪstɪʃstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-charakteristischstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|charakteristisch}} kw4hrcd2z55treg02m6fue0d1oya0uv 0 3469191 9800137 2026-05-29T15:28:31Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerkes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800137 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerkes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||gen|s}} fcu9tud6sokm64tsqhb6gpct2u3zju5 0 3469192 9800138 2026-05-29T15:28:33Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁks/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerks.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800138 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁks/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerks.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||gen|s}} s85tf7nidvxyhogahni1erj2x7vkyi0 0 3469193 9800139 2026-05-29T15:28:37Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerke.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=p}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800139 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerke.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=p}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||nom//acc//gen|p}} lgyzk408ssjhy6iv7wdq7u8kliw5ryn 0 3469194 9800140 2026-05-29T15:28:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerken.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerken2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800140 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈnɛt͡sˌvɛʁkn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerken.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Netzwerken2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{inflection of|de|Netzwerk||dat|p}} geg45kg03b7osfetxheusw0he5oewo8 0 3469195 9800142 2026-05-29T15:30:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡sə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetze.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||nom//gen//acc|p|;|dat|s}}」的新頁面 9800142 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡sə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetze.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||nom//gen//acc|p|;|dat|s}} i0zmfv3ha65s4z78o3o35980cabiw98 0 3469196 9800143 2026-05-29T15:30:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡sn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetzen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800143 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡sn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetzen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||dat|p}} qb0eh5q3ae08wsy6k4nvwwpnj55burp 0 3469197 9800144 2026-05-29T15:30:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡səs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetzes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800144 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃlɛpˌnɛt͡səs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schleppnetzes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Schleppnetz||gen|s}} ebmguxxyocakybs4om6336gb2zfrdlg 0 3469198 9800146 2026-05-29T15:32:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːt͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebiets.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800146 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːt͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebiets.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||gen|s}} nthjnbl64hcr09y307laiu9iolqd8mw 0 3469199 9800147 2026-05-29T15:32:02Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebiete.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||nom//gen//acc|p|;|dat|s}}」的新頁面 9800147 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebiete.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||nom//gen//acc|p|;|dat|s}} 38qfl3t6l7iq38jy72wtzdt1ctexnt3 0 3469200 9800148 2026-05-29T15:32:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebieten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800148 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebieten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||dat|p}} 2reakrxoaafm9pt81be41tt3k3kjhoz 0 3469201 9800149 2026-05-29T15:32:17Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebietes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800149 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/naˈtuːɐ̯ʃʊt͡sɡəˌbiːtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Naturschutzgebietes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Naturschutzgebiet||gen|s}} sd3uipzd4stnshmnftyzvfczd59a1s2 0 3469202 9800150 2026-05-29T15:34:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Falschparken|-er}} 源自 {{af|de|Falschparken|-er}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃpaʁkɐ]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparker.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ker}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[违章]][[停车]]者 ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}}」的新頁面 9800150 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Falschparken|-er}} 源自 {{af|de|Falschparken|-er}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃpaʁkɐ]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparker.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ker}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[违章]][[停车]]者 ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} 3d38wrsiqc2pduh9k1zwlsv3efoj71m 0 3469203 9800151 2026-05-29T15:34:17Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|falsch|Parken}} 源自 {{compound|de|falsch|Parken}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃpaʁkn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparken.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparken2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ken}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n.sg}} # [[违章]][[停车]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n.sg}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|de|Falschparker}}、{{l|de|Falschparkerin}} * {{l|de|Ausparken}}…」的新頁面 9800151 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|falsch|Parken}} 源自 {{compound|de|falsch|Parken}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃpaʁkn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparken.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparken2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ken}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n.sg}} # [[违章]][[停车]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n.sg}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|de|Falschparker}}、{{l|de|Falschparkerin}} * {{l|de|Ausparken}}、{{l|de|Einparken}}、{{l|de|Schattenparken}}、{{l|de|Zuparken}} 4zcm6vwo26qhp1sg3z6j8ni15o6uzn9 0 3469204 9800152 2026-05-29T15:34:33Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkn̩s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkens.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkens2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Falschparken||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800152 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkn̩s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkens.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkens2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Falschparken||gen|s}} fzg1cwd45lw36v84qq2wxcbtjk73gcy 0 3469205 9800153 2026-05-29T15:34:34Z Sayonzei 40728 創建德語「[[Falschparker]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9800153 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkɐs/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Falschparkers.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Falschparker||gen|s}} nfxbs2zqlvw42btjufc92gbio13a0y7 0 3469206 9800154 2026-05-29T15:34:37Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃˌpaʁkəʁɪn]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkerin.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ke|rin}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # {{female equivalent of|de|Falschparker}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}}」的新頁面 9800154 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfalʃˌpaʁkəʁɪn]}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkerin.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|Falsch|par|ke|rin}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # {{female equivalent of|de|Falschparker}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} 60jztvogrowxql54qf2ldp4yofhnp38 0 3469207 9800155 2026-05-29T15:34:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkɐn/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Falschparkern.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Falschparker||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800155 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkɐn/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Falschparkern.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Falschparker||dat|p}} a0xhkmb88gbau7bnptu7k66ovnwxle2 0 3469208 9800157 2026-05-29T15:35:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Falschparkerinnen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkerinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Falschparkerin}}」的新頁面 9800157 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfalʃˌpaʁkəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Falschparkerinnen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Falschparkerinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Falschparkerin}} kk3tsfs1y220qgk7ltgo7hbhciwdb5r 0 3469209 9800158 2026-05-29T15:35:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈpaʁkn̩s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Parkens.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Parkens2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Parken||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800158 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈpaʁkn̩s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Parkens.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Parkens2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Parken||gen|s}} 4osenmkyufecdjet14zhpocl6j7dib2 0 3469210 9800160 2026-05-29T15:37:32Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁɐs/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassierers.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassierers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Kassierer||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800160 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁɐs/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassierers.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassierers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Kassierer||gen|s}} 7riw55b8fhg70mzed4esy5ep1499r5g 0 3469211 9800161 2026-05-29T15:37:33Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁɐn/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassierern.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassierern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Kassierer||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800161 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁɐn/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassierern.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassierern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Kassierer||dat|p}} hrgpo9netqd98ag6r6prdxmo17iknwj 0 3469212 9800163 2026-05-29T15:38:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassiererinnen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassiererinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Kassiererin}}」的新頁面 9800163 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaˈsiːʁəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Kassiererinnen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Kassiererinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Kassiererin}} mmtsjyi392pcbk03sexsleljzmfpxhw 0 3469213 9800164 2026-05-29T15:39:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|synchron<t:synchronous>|Sprecher<t:speaker>}} {{compound|de|synchron|Sprecher|t1=同时的，同步的|t2=说话者}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecher.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[配音]][[演员]]，[[声优]] #: {{syn|de|Synchronschauspieler}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|de|Synchronstimme|sync…」的新頁面 9800164 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|synchron<t:synchronous>|Sprecher<t:speaker>}} {{compound|de|synchron|Sprecher|t1=同时的，同步的|t2=说话者}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecher.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m|f=in}} # [[配音]][[演员]]，[[声优]] #: {{syn|de|Synchronschauspieler}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|de|Synchronstimme|synchronisieren|Nachrichtensprecher}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:Duden}} {{c|de|職業}} l3eca53777fmnuj4ce5ya2y1a40t1p9 0 3469214 9800165 2026-05-29T15:39:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Synchronsprecher|-in}} {{af|de|Synchronsprecher|-in}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçəʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecherin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{female equivalent of|de|Synchronsprecher}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}}」的新頁面 9800165 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Synchronsprecher|-in}} {{af|de|Synchronsprecher|-in}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçəʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecherin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{female equivalent of|de|Synchronsprecher}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} rndbj7yqc29exjsr82mppuqfz70iy07 0 3469215 9800166 2026-05-29T15:39:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprechers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Synchronsprecher||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800166 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprechers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Synchronsprecher||gen|s}} taa0165xg9j5ztonvdmekgv40jzchxb 0 3469216 9800167 2026-05-29T15:39:28Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprechern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Synchronsprecher||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800167 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprechern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Synchronsprecher||dat|p}} 5b423iuzagwb4latd09qb6tl86v0zxi 0 3469217 9800168 2026-05-29T15:39:36Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecherinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Synchronsprecherin}}」的新頁面 9800168 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/zʏnˈkʁoːnˌʃpʁɛçəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Synchronsprecherinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Synchronsprecherin}} kn2mbdt9zb8dttk6l0m3xkq71ymnuss 0 3469218 9800170 2026-05-29T15:40:54Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Taxifahrer||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800170 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrers.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Taxifahrer||gen|s}} 5lgbulted7rwm9cdzclewt5d0re37n7 0 3469219 9800171 2026-05-29T15:40:56Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Taxifahrer||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800171 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Taxifahrer||dat|p}} ht6g4zk7dzvqos4rg8mzlssav9wb86o 0 3469220 9800173 2026-05-29T15:41:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrerinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|aːʁəʁɪnən|s=6}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Taxifahrerin}}」的新頁面 9800173 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiˌfaːʁəʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxifahrerinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|aːʁəʁɪnən|s=6}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Taxifahrerin}} qvqf85fxtx20fivoqmmtwksr2akaze4 0 3469221 9800175 2026-05-29T15:49:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurs.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800175 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurs.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||gen|s}} 1ktif1tvkw766imbty6gjuahgom4ohw 0 3469222 9800176 2026-05-29T15:49:23Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeure.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||nom//gen//acc|p}}」的新頁面 9800176 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeure.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||nom//gen//acc|p}} oplvn2wsouuqizjhh7xyeqtulj0bl95 0 3469223 9800177 2026-05-29T15:49:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeuren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800177 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeuren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Taxichauffeur||dat|p}} o917gra3v2drh1u1qsqow1bb7f3c1u7 0 3469224 9800178 2026-05-29T15:50:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Taxichauffeur}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}}」的新頁面 9800178 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁɪn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurin.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f|m=+}} # {{femeq|de|Taxichauffeur}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} epjhjpxr49qbjgmuqydcg2f4vwny7kx 0 3469225 9800179 2026-05-29T15:50:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Taxichauffeurin}}」的新頁面 9800179 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtaksiʃɔˌføːʁɪnən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Taxichauffeurinnen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Taxichauffeurin}} 6u9lp94ws763wjk0u65v41somm7cyru 0 3469226 9800181 2026-05-29T15:53:34Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Taxichauffeur}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{compound|nl|taxi|chauffeur}} 的組詞。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈtɑk.si.ʃoːˌføːr/|/ˈtɑk.si.ʃɑu̯ˌføːr/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-taxichauffeur.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|ta|xi|chauf|feur}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|m|-s|+|f=taxichauffeuse}} # [[出租車]]/[[計程車]][[司機]]，[[的哥]]」的新頁面 9800181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Taxichauffeur}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{compound|nl|taxi|chauffeur}} 的組詞。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈtɑk.si.ʃoːˌføːr/|/ˈtɑk.si.ʃɑu̯ˌføːr/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-taxichauffeur.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|ta|xi|chauf|feur}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|m|-s|+|f=taxichauffeuse}} # [[出租車]]/[[計程車]][[司機]]，[[的哥]] hdfacc0sped7zx9n42k9vh0c9nvrt3g 0 3469227 9800182 2026-05-29T15:53:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-taxichauffeurs.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|taxichauffeur}}」的新頁面 9800182 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-taxichauffeurs.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|taxichauffeur}} cmrvbt37uw5edg7r3puqrobcz9yy09k 0 3469228 9800183 2026-05-29T15:53:56Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:User:Sayonzei/nl-dim|taxichauffeur}}」的新頁面 9800183 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun-dim}} # {{diminutive of|nl|taxichauffeur}} okkdlxy8jn36weub44p5ekhgi1wy4re 0 3469229 9800184 2026-05-29T15:54:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:User:Sayonzei/nl-pl|taxichauffeurtje}}」的新頁面 9800184 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|audio}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{nl-noun form of|pl|taxichauffeurtje}} 15m1cz7uwyswekxcepbhoqhngiv3d76 0 3469230 9800203 2026-05-29T18:04:25Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 建立「⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾」的中文維基詞典條目，𳅃的錯字，日本地名字 9800203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==Translingual== ===Han character=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====References==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====References==== <references/> 6huw1o4fieu1e4ca05w5bhu9ptx7ty9 9800206 9800203 2026-05-29T18:07:05Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 加class=skin-invert-image為了修改深色顯示 9800206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==Translingual== ===Han character=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====References==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====References==== <references/> bnkvqjj7b57ruw9imlw2mcyd9h9oafo 9800208 9800206 2026-05-29T18:11:37Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* Translingual */ 翻譯 9800208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====References==== <references/> 31ds7cj1m5eyx19gja7dz70d06mlpiq 9800209 9800208 2026-05-29T18:12:17Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* References */ 9800209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====參考資料==== <references/> n0b2ckrv24d4ubun51k71575dssd36i 9800212 9800209 2026-05-29T18:22:34Z Fglffer 55252 9800212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====參考資料==== <references/> tok54kwbrik799t3kmyb5bc24rlxj61 9800225 9800212 2026-05-29T19:09:07Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 9800225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====參考資料==== <references/> r4sjtggsdbnaqyczusf7bbs7aj0mxej 9800228 9800225 2026-05-29T19:30:52Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* 日本語 */ 9800228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|“[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|17px|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]”[[𳅃]]的普及錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}.<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====參考資料==== <references/> 1bh5sqfd6nvka5x0eqebe45k8lampow 9800247 9800228 2026-05-29T22:28:55Z Fglffer 55252 9800247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𳅃|𲔁|[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rn=162|rad=辵|as=35|sn=38|ids=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾,⿺辶⿳⿲日日日⿲日日日⿲日日巾}} [[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾centered.png|thumb|150px|「{{m|mul|𳅃}}」的常見錯別字<ref>{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%BA%E8%BE%B6%E2%BF%B2%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%98%8C%E2%BF%B1%E6%98%8C%E5%B7%BE|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools||accessdate=29-05-2026}}</ref>]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|date=21-09-2025|entryurl=http://yedict.com/zscontent.asp?uni=1A1617|entry=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]] 字的【字海】释义|work=Yedict.com}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。<ref>{{R:Wasei Kanji 2014|2455}}</ref> ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|rs=辵35|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textclear.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=]]|proper|はしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的[[地名]][[漢字]] ====讀法==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=はしだて}} ====參考資料==== <references/> b2f1vdrdsnqvm5va8y3ap1scr748f8x 0 3469231 9800217 2026-05-29T18:40:59Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9800217 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-see|否認|非人|避妊}} 80hc10i9zljrsf8scfj499wdymv97wx 0 3469232 9800219 2026-05-29T18:44:06Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9800219 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-see|避妊薬}} tiobfjp8do16abatmfrc3g4apa7j89l 0 3469233 9800220 2026-05-29T18:44:53Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9800220 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|やく|yomi=kanon,goon,on}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにんやく}} # {{ja-kyu sp|避妊薬}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=피임약}} # {{hanja form of|피임약|避孕藥}} 9z3hejti6qwto4mzlcqn3nb5ltz6v98 2 3469234 9800224 2026-05-29T19:04:35Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「朋友們好👋 這是使用者[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]的中文維基詞典首頁，因為[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]字未收錄Unicode，我用「鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ」為替代。 （[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]字念：ㄓㄥ/zheng1。意為草木過於旺…」的新頁面 9800224 wikitext text/x-wiki 朋友們好👋 這是使用者[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]的中文維基詞典首頁，因為[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]字未收錄Unicode，我用「鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ」為替代。 （[[File:⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱textclear.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿱鬱⿰鬱鬱|link=]]字念：ㄓㄥ/zheng1。意為草木過於旺盛） 我對生僻字非常感興趣 因為我是美國人，我的中文偶爾會有錯誤的，請隨時提問任何錯誤。 ^_^ 9wd16457vme8a2lvegrspjp0pv2wv4j 0 3469235 9800226 2026-05-29T19:25:48Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 建立「⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈」日本地名字的字條，（𲔁的異體字） 9800226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𲔁|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]}} ===跨語言=== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rn=27|rad=厂|as=36|sn=38|ids=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈,⿸厂⿱⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈centered.png|thumb|150px|「[[𲔁]]」的異體字]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B8%E5%8E%82%E2%BF%B1%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88|entry=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=06-05-2026}} ==日本語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}. ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rs=厂36|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} gb5eb5bodx4wvm2re7pbm53rxr9t17o 9800227 9800226 2026-05-29T19:30:15Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 /* 日本語 */ 9800227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𲔁|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]}} ===跨語言=== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rn=27|rad=厂|as=36|sn=38|ids=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈,⿸厂⿱⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈centered.png|thumb|150px|「[[𲔁]]」的異體字]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B8%E5%8E%82%E2%BF%B1%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88|entry=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=06-05-2026}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}. ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rs=厂36|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} 0whew9rr57r9pztakqo5p2ly4kp111k 9800233 9800227 2026-05-29T21:15:05Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 9800233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𲔁|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]}} ===跨語言=== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rn=27|rad=厂|as=36|sn=38|ids=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈,⿸厂⿱⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈centered.png|thumb|150px|「[[𲔁]]」的異體字]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B8%E5%8E%82%E2%BF%B1%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88|entry=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=29-05-2026}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}. ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rs=厂36|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 義同：{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀音==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} ihsga4pe55f38to7gncdup625esfp8i 9800246 9800233 2026-05-29T22:26:24Z Fglffer 55252 9800246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𲔁|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]}} ===跨語言=== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rn=27|rad=厂|as=36|sn=38|ids=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈,⿸厂⿱⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈centered.png|thumb|150px|「{{m|mul|𲔁}}」的異體字]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B8%E5%8E%82%E2%BF%B1%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88|entry=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=29-05-2026}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rs=厂36|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的地名漢字 ====讀法==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} 1ffpxas1002q4esz08nerqdwwpue0f4 9800248 9800246 2026-05-29T22:29:02Z Fglffer 55252 9800248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{see also|𲔁|𳅃|[[File:⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾textblueclear.png|21px|class=skin-invert-image|⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾|link=⿺辶⿲⿱日昌⿱日昌⿱昌巾]]}} {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]}} ===跨語言=== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rn=27|rad=厂|as=36|sn=38|ids=⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈,⿸厂⿱⿲有有有⿲有有有}} [[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈centered.png|thumb|150px|「{{m|mul|𲔁}}」的異體字]] ====參考資料==== <references/> *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B8%E5%8E%82%E2%BF%B1%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88%E2%BF%B0%E6%9C%89%F0%B0%97%88|entry=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈textblue.png|18px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]​​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=29-05-2026}} ==日語== ===字源=== {{ja-etym-kokuji}}。 ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|40px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|rs=厂36|grade= |shin= |kyu= }} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|head=[[File:⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈text.png|20px|class=skin-invert-image|⿸厂⿱⿰有𰗈⿰有𰗈|link=]]|proper|あまのはしだて}} # 用於{{ja-r|天橋%立|あまのはし%だて|t={{w|天橋立}}}}的[[地名]][[漢字]] ====讀法==== * {{ja-readings|on=|kun=あまのはしだて}} 5112pk91j5qln900yo9s5gz9y4ly0sp 0 3469236 9800234 2026-05-29T21:45:03Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語== ===名詞=== {{head|azd|名詞}} # [[星星]] {{c|azd|天文學}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===名詞=== {{head|et|名詞變格形}} # {{noun form of|et|sita||ade|s}} ==皮皮爾語== {{was fwotd|ppl|2026|5月|29日}} ===詞源=== 對照{{cog|nci|citlālin||星星}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ppl|/ˈsiːtal/|a=standard}} ===名詞=== {{ppl-noun|head=sītal|pl=sītalmet|p2=sijsītal}} # [[星星]] #: {{ux|ppl|…」的新頁面 9800234 wikitext text/x-wiki ==東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語== ===名詞=== {{head|azd|名詞}} # [[星星]] {{c|azd|天文學}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===名詞=== {{head|et|名詞變格形}} # {{noun form of|et|sita||ade|s}} ==皮皮爾語== {{was fwotd|ppl|2026|5月|29日}} ===詞源=== 對照{{cog|nci|citlālin||星星}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ppl|/ˈsiːtal/|a=standard}} ===名詞=== {{ppl-noun|head=sītal|pl=sītalmet|p2=sijsītal}} # [[星星]] #: {{ux|ppl|Ka tayua muitat ne '''sijsital''' ka nejnemit tik ne ilwikak|夜晚，'''星星'''看起來好像在天空中移動}} ===延伸閱讀=== * Campbell, L. (1985). ''The Pipil Language of El Salvador''. Mouton De Gruyter. * Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. ''Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao''. {{c|ppl|天體}} mz80b35jfq7so6ezzva44efp6xbjeb3 14 3469237 9800235 2026-05-29T21:45:51Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469238 9800236 2026-05-29T21:45:56Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469239 9800237 2026-05-29T21:46:04Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469240 9800238 2026-05-29T21:46:12Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469241 9800239 2026-05-29T21:46:18Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469242 9800240 2026-05-29T21:46:25Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469243 9800241 2026-05-29T21:46:33Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3469244 9800242 2026-05-29T21:46:45Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9800242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 4 3469245 9800243 2026-05-29T22:05:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{FWOTD|ppl|sital|名詞|2026|5月|29日| # [[星星]] }}」的新頁面 9800243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FWOTD|ppl|sital|名詞|2026|5月|29日| # [[星星]] }} 1xkjdezvq1fwmxjsa7bdxo97llzqi8q 4 3469246 9800245 2026-05-29T22:09:09Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{FWOTD|vi|gợn|名詞|2026|5月|30日| # {{lb|vi|[[液體]][[表面]]的}} [[漣漪]]，[[波紋]] # {{lb|vi|[[雲]]、[[煙]]或[[蒸汽]]的}} 一[[縷]]，一[[絲]] '''{{l|vi|gợn}}''' 動詞 # 起[[漣漪]]；起[[波紋]] }}」的新頁面 9800245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{FWOTD|vi|gợn|名詞|2026|5月|30日| # {{lb|vi|[[液體]][[表面]]的}} [[漣漪]]，[[波紋]] # {{lb|vi|[[雲]]、[[煙]]或[[蒸汽]]的}} 一[[縷]]，一[[絲]] '''{{l|vi|gợn}}''' 動詞 # 起[[漣漪]]；起[[波紋]] }} ckqsjsu3ji7kxhr5ecvo1hmchtttaew 0 3469247 9800256 2026-05-30T01:13:52Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|34px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]|rn=193|rad=鬲|as=17|sn=29|ids=⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉}} File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂…」的新頁面 9800256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|34px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]|rn=193|rad=鬲|as=17|sn=29|ids=⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉}} [[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉centered.png|thumb|150px|"[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]"[[𩱬]]與[[淋]]的異體字]] ====參考資料==== *{{R:twedu|A02226-002}} *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B3%E2%BF%B4%F0%A6%A5%91%E6%9E%97%E5%86%96%E2%BF%B3%E4%B8%80%E2%BF%B4%E3%80%A2%E4%BA%8C%E2%BF%B5%E5%86%82%F0%A2%86%89|entry=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉textblue.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉|link=]]​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=17-05-2026}} ==漢語== ===釋義=== {{zh-see|𩱬|v}} {{zh-see|淋|v}} t5zd8zdlkn96vmeypteg7scc3k3syex 9800257 9800256 2026-05-30T01:17:32Z 鬱鬱鬱ㄓㄥ 129813 9800257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wrongtitle|title=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|34px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|head=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|24px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]|rn=193|rad=鬲|as=17|sn=29|ids=⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉}} [[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉centered.png|thumb|150px|"[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉text.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉]]"[[𩱬]]與[[淋]]的異體字]] ====參考資料==== *{{R:twedu|A02226-002}} *{{cite-web|entryurl=https://zi.tools/zi/%E2%BF%B3%E2%BF%B4%F0%A6%A5%91%E6%9E%97%E5%86%96%E2%BF%B3%E4%B8%80%E2%BF%B4%E3%80%A2%E4%BA%8C%E2%BF%B5%E5%86%82%F0%A2%86%89|entry=[[File:⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉textblue.png|16px|class=skin-invert-image|⿳⿴𦥑林冖⿳一⿴〢二⿵冂𢆉|link=]]​|work=zi.tools|accessdate=29-05-2026}} ==漢語== ===釋義=== {{zh-see|𩱬|v}} {{zh-see|淋|v}} 178c02tdb0fhb8sqhc5pqkt6cp5bt8c 0 3469248 9800259 2026-05-30T02:24:57Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kondomu}} ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|コンドーム}}」的新頁面 9800259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kondomu}} ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|コンドーム}} 7ts84s91qdcnl4otpygga6ir8bss4i7 10 3469249 9800260 2026-05-30T02:25:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{#invoke:bej-pronunciation|IPA}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>」的新頁面 9800260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:bej-pronunciation|IPA}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> q2xyb9ih3muu5piowtrmzpugpvp48v2 0 3469250 9800261 2026-05-30T02:25:54Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|hinín}} ==貝扎語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|bej|cus-pro|}}，{{inh+|bej|afa-pro|*ḥinu}}。 ===發音=== * {{bej-IPA|hinín}} ===代詞=== {{head|bej|代詞|head=hinín|賓格|hinín|單數|áni|所有格|-n}} # [[我們]] ====參見==== {{bej-personal pronouns}} ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|ひにん}}」的新頁面 9800261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|hinín}} ==貝扎語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|bej|cus-pro|}}，{{inh+|bej|afa-pro|*ḥinu}}。 ===發音=== * {{bej-IPA|hinín}} ===代詞=== {{head|bej|代詞|head=hinín|賓格|hinín|單數|áni|所有格|-n}} # [[我們]] ====參見==== {{bej-personal pronouns}} ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|ひにん}} dq8dan01hcjhsmlks9aldbeiuiuotl2 828 3469251 9800263 2026-05-30T02:26:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「local export = {} local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_table = require("Module:table") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("bej") local U = mw.ustring.char local rsub = mw.ustring.gsub local rlower = mw.ustring.lower local rfind = mw.ustring.find local raised = U(0x031D) local consonants = "bpmwfdtɖʈznɲŋɳrlkɡhxjsvʃʷɣʤʔ̠" local C = "[" .. consonants .. "]" local vowels = "aeiou" local V = "[" .. vowels .. "…」的新頁面 9800263 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_table = require("Module:table") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("bej") local U = mw.ustring.char local rsub = mw.ustring.gsub local rlower = mw.ustring.lower local rfind = mw.ustring.find local raised = U(0x031D) local consonants = "bpmwfdtɖʈznɲŋɳrlkɡhxjsvʃʷɣʤʔ̠" local C = "[" .. consonants .. "]" local vowels = "aeiou" local V = "[" .. vowels .. "]" local function track(page) require("Module:debug").track("bej-IPA/" .. page) return true end local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar) while true do local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar) if new_term == term then return term end term = new_term end end local trigraphs = { ["nth"] = "ɳʈ", ["ndh"] = "ɳɖ", } local digraphs = { ["aa"] = "aː", ["ee"] = "eː", ["ii"] = "iː", ["oo"] = "oː", ["uu"] = "uː", ["áá"] = "áː", ["éé"] = "éː", ["íí"] = "íː", ["óó"] = "óː", ["úú"] = "úː", ["áa"] = "áː", ["ée"] = "éː", ["íi"] = "íː", ["óo"] = "óː", ["úu"] = "úː", ["aá"] = "áː", ["eé"] = "éː", ["ií"] = "íː", ["oó"] = "óː", ["uú"] = "úː", ["dh"] = "ɖ", ["gh"] = "ɣ", ["gw"] = "ɡʷ", ["nj"] = "ɲd͡ʒ", ["nk"] = "ŋk", ["ng"] = "ŋɡ", ["kw"] = "kʷ", ["sh"] = "ʃ", ["th"] = "ʈ", ["kh"] = "x", } local function flatmap(items, fun) local new = {} for _, item in ipairs(items) do local results = fun(item) mw.logObject(results, "results") for _, result in ipairs(results) do table.insert(new, result) end mw.logObject(new, "new") end return new end local phon = { ["'"] = "ʔ", ["a"] = "a", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["b"] = "b", ["d"] = "d", ["f"] = "f", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "h", ["j"] = "d͡ʒ", ["k"] = "k", ["l"] = "l", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["r"] = "r", ["s"] = "s", ["t"] = "t", ["w"] = "w", ["y"] = "j", [":"] = "ː", ["?"] = "ʔ" } function export.phonemic(text, post) text = rlower(text) text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #") text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##" -- basic phonology for digraph, replacement in pairs(digraphs) do text = rsub(text, digraph, replacement) end text = rsub(text, ".", phon) text = rsub(text, "^ˈ%-", "-") text = rsub(text, "(" .. C .. "*[áéíóú])", "ˈ%1") if not rfind(text, "ˈ") then text = rsub(text, text, "ˈ" .. text) end text = rsub(text, "á", "a") text = rsub(text, "é", "e") text = rsub(text, "í", "i") text = rsub(text, "ó", "o") text = rsub(text, "ú", "u") text = rsub(text, "'", "ˈ") text = rsub(text, "-", "") local variants = {text} local function flatmap_and_sub_pre(from, to1, to2) variants = flatmap( variants, function(item) if rfind(item, from) then local retval = {rsub_repeatedly(item, from, to1)} if to2 then m_table.insertIfNot(retval, rsub_repeatedly(item, from, to2)) end return retval else return {item} end end ) end flatmap_and_sub_pre("#", "") return variants end function export.IPA(frame) local terms = {} args = frame:getParent().args local currentTitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename for _, term in ipairs(args) do if term == currentTitle then track("redundant") end table.insert(terms, term) end if #terms == 0 then terms = {currentTitle} end local results = {} for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local phonemic = export.phonemic(term) for _, variant in ipairs(phonemic) do table.insert(results, {pron = "/" .. variant .. "/"}) end end return "*" .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end return export is07mbtm9m98v02rkmuxbtmi5ms0mvb 0 3469252 9800264 2026-05-30T02:30:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|ぐ|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== {{ja-com|避%妊|ひ%にん|具|ぐ|t1=避孕|t2=工具}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにんぐ|acc=2|acc_ref=DJR,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにんぐ}} # [[避孕]][[工具]] ===參考資料=== <references/> {{c|ja|生育控制}}」的新頁面 9800264 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひ|にん|ぐ|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== {{ja-com|避%妊|ひ%にん|具|ぐ|t1=避孕|t2=工具}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひにんぐ|acc=2|acc_ref=DJR,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひにんぐ}} # [[避孕]][[工具]] ===參考資料=== <references/> {{c|ja|生育控制}} 1gve2sw03fg4sk2t8td681itf66bdno 0 3469253 9800268 2026-05-30T03:07:44Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|acharné}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-acharne.wav|a=沙威尼根}} ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|acharner||1//3|s|pres|ind//sub|;|2|s|impr}} ==拉丁語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|la|grc|ἀχᾰρνώς}}、{{m|grc|ἄχᾰρνος}}、{{m|grc|ἀχᾰ́ρνᾱς||某種海魚}}。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|acharnē}} ===名詞=== {{la-noun|acharnē<1…」的新頁面 9800268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|acharné}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-acharne.wav|a=沙威尼根}} ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|acharner||1//3|s|pres|ind//sub|;|2|s|impr}} ==拉丁語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|la|grc|ἀχᾰρνώς}}、{{m|grc|ἄχᾰρνος}}、{{m|grc|ἀχᾰ́ρνᾱς||某種海魚}}。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|acharnē}} ===名詞=== {{la-noun|acharnē<1>}} # 一種[[海魚]] ====變格==== {{la-ndecl|acharnē<1>}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:L&S}} * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} {{C|la|魚}} aym4b6ataca2uiiu9bkljxsnsh3gjpd 0 3469254 9800271 2026-05-30T03:17:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|attise}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|attiser}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|testai}} * {{l|fr|tétais}}」的新頁面 9800271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|attise}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|attiser}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|testai}} * {{l|fr|tétais}} a74qfwphhdrhy17152d62dpvunoh7jj 0 3469255 9800272 2026-05-30T03:17:17Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-attisée.wav|a=沙威尼根}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|attisé}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800272 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-attisée.wav|a=沙威尼根}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|attisé}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} qk8zp9q54hik9mfpfbnzx88vg0ulmvr 0 3469256 9800273 2026-05-30T03:17:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|attises}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|attisé}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|testais}}」的新頁面 9800273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|attises}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|attisé}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|testais}} edxash30h2i4iay8thnqwvhuqi9pibs 0 3469257 9800274 2026-05-30T03:17:21Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|attisé}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|assiette}}」的新頁面 9800274 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|attisé}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|assiette}} f5y2y6ex41g0i9yaxioqiy99ugy7gb3 0 3469258 9800275 2026-05-30T03:22:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===詞源=== {{lit|在阳台上过圣诞节，在燃烧的木柴旁过复活节}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-Noël au balcon, Pâques au tison.wav|a=索曼}} ===諺語=== {{fr-proverb}} # 如果[[聖誕節]]天氣[[溫暖]]，[[復活節]]就會天氣[[寒冷]]」的新頁面 9800275 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{lit|在阳台上过圣诞节，在燃烧的木柴旁过复活节}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-Noël au balcon, Pâques au tison.wav|a=索曼}} ===諺語=== {{fr-proverb}} # 如果[[聖誕節]]天氣[[溫暖]]，[[復活節]]就會天氣[[寒冷]] 8jhnfvl2nhh4crsdkxeopbi5d482t8e 0 3469259 9800276 2026-05-30T03:24:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|paques|paqués|pâques}} ==勃艮第語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|roa-brg|fro|pasques}}、{{m|fro|pasches}}，{{inh+|roa-brg|la|pascha}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|roa-brg|名詞|g=f|複數|Pâques}} # [[復活節]] ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|frm|Pasques}}，{{inh+|fr|fro|pasques}}、{{m|fro|pasches}}，{{inh+|fr|la|pascha}}（受 {{m|la|pascuum|pascuum, pascua|放牧}} 的影響），源自{{der|fr|grc|πάσχα}}，源自{{der|f…」的新頁面 9800276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|paques|paqués|pâques}} ==勃艮第語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|roa-brg|fro|pasques}}、{{m|fro|pasches}}，{{inh+|roa-brg|la|pascha}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|roa-brg|名詞|g=f|複數|Pâques}} # [[復活節]] ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|frm|Pasques}}，{{inh+|fr|fro|pasques}}、{{m|fro|pasches}}，{{inh+|fr|la|pascha}}（受 {{m|la|pascuum|pascuum, pascua|放牧}} 的影響），源自{{der|fr|grc|πάσχα}}，源自{{der|fr|arc|tr=pasḥa}}，源自{{der|fr|he|פסחא|tr=pasḥa}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Pâques.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-Pâques.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-Pâques.wav|a=里昂}} ===專有名詞=== {{fr-proper noun|m,f-p}} # [[復活節]] #: {{uxi|fr|Joyeuses '''Pâques''' !|'''復活節'''快樂！}} ====用法說明==== 除非用形容词进一步限定，否则默认为阳性。 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|lapin de Pâques}} * {{l|fr|lundi de Pâques||復活節星期一}} * {{l|fr|dimanche de Pâques||復活節星期日}} * {{l|fr|œuf de Pâques||復活節彩蛋}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|Pâque||逾越節}} * {{l|fr|Pâque russe||俄羅斯復活節，東正教復活節}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|ht|Pak}} * {{desc|bor=1|ln|Páke}} * {{desc|bor=1|fa|عید پاک|tr='eyd-e pâk}} ===參見=== * {{l|fr|vendredi saint}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{cln|fr|派生自教會拉丁語的詞}} {{C|fr|基督教}} ==諾曼語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|nrf|Paak||Sark}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|nrf|fro|pasques}}、{{m|fro|pasches}}，源自{{der|nrf|la|pascha}}，源自{{der|nrf|grc|πάσχα}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|nrf|Jer-Pâques.ogg}} {{qualifier|澤西}} ===專有名詞=== {{nrf-proper noun|f-p}} # {{lb|nrf|法國|澤西}} [[復活節]] #* {{quote-book|nrf |year=1903 |author=Edgar MacCulloch |title=Guernsey Folk Lore |chapter=Proverbs, Weather Sayings, etc. |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924029911710/page/532/mode/1up?view=theater |page=532 |text='''Pâques''' Martine&mdash;guerre, peste, ou famine. |t=三月的'''复活节'''预示着战争、瘟疫或饥荒。}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|nrf|Jouaiyeux Pâques}} {{c|nrf|曆法|基督教}} pu0zbj9w87a2ddi4s2qwiniyb72g8fg 0 3469260 9800277 2026-05-30T03:25:09Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== {{wp|fr:}} ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-œuf de Pâques.wav|a=奧爾日河畔布雷蒂尼}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[復活節彩蛋]]」的新頁面 9800277 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== {{wp|fr:}} ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-œuf de Pâques.wav|a=奧爾日河畔布雷蒂尼}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[復活節彩蛋]] d56npv08wslyuay1v002c33cx7g071v 0 3469261 9800278 2026-05-30T03:25:22Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|eux de pâques}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{plural of|fr|œuf de Pâques}}」的新頁面 9800278 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|eux de pâques}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{plural of|fr|œuf de Pâques}} rh0old5ttnz26qj7coseexhb4kc9buz 0 3469262 9800279 2026-05-30T03:26:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Tison|Tisoň}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|fro|tisun}}，{{inh+|fr|la|tītiō|tītiōnem}}。和{{cog|es|tizón}}、{{cog|ca|tió}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-tison.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-tison.wav|a=孚日}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[燃燒]]的[[木頭]]；[[餘燼]] #* {{quote-book |fr |year=1857 |author=w:夏爾·波德萊爾|Charles Baudelai…」的新頁面 9800279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Tison|Tisoň}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|fro|tisun}}，{{inh+|fr|la|tītiō|tītiōnem}}。和{{cog|es|tizón}}、{{cog|ca|tió}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-tison.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-tison.wav|a=孚日}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[燃燒]]的[[木頭]]；[[餘燼]] #* {{quote-book |fr |year=1857 |author=w:[[夏爾·波德萊爾|Charles Baudelaire]] |title=Les Fleurs du mal |chapter=La Muse vénale |chapterurl={{fullurl:s:fr:Les_Fleurs_du_mal/1857/La_Muse_vénale}} |passage=Ô muse de mon cœur, amante des palais, / Auras-tu quand Janvier lâchera ses Borées, / Durant les noirs ennuis des neigeuses soirées, / Un '''tison''' pour chauffer tes deux pieds violets ? |translation=哦，我心中的缪斯，你这宫殿的爱侣， / 当一月放出寒冷的北风之时， / 在那些雪夜阴郁而漫长的烦闷中， / 你可还会有一块'''炭火'''，来温暖你那双冻得发紫的脚？}} #* {{RQ:Flaubert Bovary|passage=Elle contemplait les écaillures de la muraille, deux '''tisons''' fumant bout à bout, et une longue araignée qui marchait au-dessus de sa tête, dans la fente de la poutrelle.|t=她凝视着墙壁上剥落的灰泥、两截首尾相接冒着烟的'''余烬'''，以及一只长脚蜘蛛——它正在她头顶上方的梁木裂缝里缓缓爬行。}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|Noël au balcon, Pâques au tison}} * {{l|fr|tisonner}} * {{l|fr|tisonnier}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|attiser}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|oints}} {{C|fr|火}} t9ionhat71sa4cj2rhrzi99uhbuhx4t 0 3469263 9800280 2026-05-30T03:26:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Tisons}} ==法語== ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|tison}}」的新頁面 9800280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Tisons}} ==法語== ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|tison}} a67qbzlvi0bqst2di8tvsq2dul3voau 0 3469264 9800281 2026-05-30T03:26:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|tisonner|-ier}} 源自 {{af|fr|tisonner|-ier}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-Paris--tisonnier.ogg|a=Paris}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[撥火棍]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|工具}}」的新頁面 9800281 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|tisonner|-ier}} 源自 {{af|fr|tisonner|-ier}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-Paris--tisonnier.ogg|a=Paris}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[撥火棍]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|工具}} k99q4o0wc66zqan7n5sudnvh6dcsdok 0 3469265 9800282 2026-05-30T03:26:44Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|tisonnier}}」的新頁面 9800282 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|tisonnier}} 4ofd5egfj53weid80rohty7vzd1ygxu 0 3469266 9800283 2026-05-30T03:27:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|tison|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|tison|-er<id:動詞>}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-tisonner.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-tisonner.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-tisonner.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[撥火]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱…」的新頁面 9800283 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|tison|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|tison|-er<id:動詞>}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-tisonner.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-tisonner.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-tisonner.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[撥火]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 3i4asclm4e7l11fmyruavwn9p5auv6v 0 3469267 9800284 2026-05-30T03:27:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|tisonne}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-tisonné.wav|a=圖盧茲}} ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|tisonner}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|tisonne}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-tisonné.wav|a=圖盧茲}} ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|tisonner}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 5s3txg43jrqn4n9shsg944b6b71o002 0 3469268 9800285 2026-05-30T03:27:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|tisonné}}」的新頁面 9800285 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|tisonné}} 3cxb46h9rjtmysx8gqmmjegggvcr2ye 0 3469269 9800286 2026-05-30T03:27:52Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|tisonnes}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|tisonné}}」的新頁面 9800286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|tisonnes}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|tisonné}} atuvo2t0d3bo3or8l45ot7faa45g99p 0 3469270 9800287 2026-05-30T03:27:55Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|tisonné}}」的新頁面 9800287 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|tisonné}} iai8zw2t94ntfy4bphvpti5hlqo2u8d 0 3469271 9800289 2026-05-30T03:29:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|fr|é-|moustille|-er}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-émoustiller.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-émoustiller.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # 使[[興奮]] # [[刺激]]，[[激發]]，[[激起]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800289 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|fr|é-|moustille|-er}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-émoustiller.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-émoustiller.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # 使[[興奮]] # [[刺激]]，[[激發]]，[[激起]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 8dszm34f9jgk7qpxx51e0zlicxpysu0 0 3469272 9800290 2026-05-30T03:29:50Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|émoustille}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-émoustillé.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-émoustillé.wav|a=孚日}} ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|émoustiller}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|émoustille}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-émoustillé.wav|a=瓦萊}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-émoustillé.wav|a=孚日}} ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|émoustiller}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} kl1t0zcotxqikzlddnkbvtsnysv44bd 0 3469273 9800291 2026-05-30T03:30:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-émoustillant.wav|a=索曼}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|fr|émoustiller}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # [[刺激]]的，[[挑逗]]的，[[誘人]]的 #: {{nearsyn|fr|excitant}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800291 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-émoustillant.wav|a=索曼}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|fr|émoustiller}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # [[刺激]]的，[[挑逗]]的，[[誘人]]的 #: {{nearsyn|fr|excitant}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} ri9h3xqdmwuuk4lv9vdhyrc85twatpg 0 3469274 9800292 2026-05-30T03:30:12Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|émoustillé}}」的新頁面 9800292 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|émoustillé}} a0j8r1ekpj4g50wfhrgtaiq9pbvio2o 0 3469275 9800293 2026-05-30T03:30:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|émoustilles}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|émoustillé}}」的新頁面 9800293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|émoustilles}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|émoustillé}} 00u304amxwtcn2xza4adka69f7toobt 0 3469276 9800294 2026-05-30T03:30:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|émoustillé}}」的新頁面 9800294 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|émoustillé}} pl2oxlvv6f67piyfbkw9anr8rs78il4 0 3469277 9800295 2026-05-30T03:30:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|émoustillant}}」的新頁面 9800295 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|émoustillant}} tazl22tkrb3sflgg89lap2vpm3b90l4 0 3469278 9800296 2026-05-30T03:30:30Z Sayonzei 40728 創建法語「[[émoustillant]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9800296 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|émoustillant}} myptdh4booei493byay5tbyhobcji5s 0 3469279 9800297 2026-05-30T03:30:32Z Sayonzei 40728 創建法語「[[émoustillant]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9800297 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|émoustillant}} ly1nz4g10kbo18gdeiw2y4pir9rkab9 0 3469280 9800298 2026-05-30T03:31:28Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|en-|fièvre|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|en-|fièvre|-er<id:動詞>}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-enfiévrer.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-enfiévrer.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # 使[[發燒]] # 使[[激動]]，使[[興奮]]，使[[狂熱]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800298 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|en-|fièvre|-er<id:verbal>}} 源自 {{af|fr|en-|fièvre|-er<id:動詞>}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-enfiévrer.wav|a=里昂}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-enfiévrer.wav|a=索曼}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # 使[[發燒]] # 使[[激動]]，使[[興奮]]，使[[狂熱]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} mz98a4v8t7iy76efhr06hyfbt41fwet 0 3469281 9800299 2026-05-30T03:31:35Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|enfièvre}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|enfiévrer}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # [[激動]]的，[[興奮]]的，[[狂熱]]的 ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}}」的新頁面 9800299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|enfièvre}} ==法語== ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|enfiévrer}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # [[激動]]的，[[興奮]]的，[[狂熱]]的 ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} q63pny385jwnfkmozqmzkm2x8kypli3 0 3469282 9800300 2026-05-30T03:32:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|enfiévré}}」的新頁面 9800300 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|enfiévré}} 2xsxuftvinugnxiholyl0x7yst4n7yr 0 3469283 9800301 2026-05-30T03:32:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|enfièvres}} ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|enfiévré}}」的新頁面 9800301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|enfièvres}} ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|enfiévré}} 34mglwlxs5km6qfxjew3g9kh9xc2ywe 0 3469284 9800302 2026-05-30T03:32:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|enfiévré}}」的新頁面 9800302 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|enfiévré}} rxg00zr4b8335melfqbwganzobenb6v 0 3469285 9800306 2026-05-30T03:39:48Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|fouette}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:bor|fr:fouetté<t:被鞭打>|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈfwɛteɪ/|/fwɛˈteɪ/|a=UK}} {{qualifier|或按法語發音}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{lb|en|芭蕾舞}} 挥鞭转（舞者先单脚站立，另一条腿向外伸出，然后像鞭子一样迅速收回，使身体完成旋转的动作） #* {{quote-book|en|year=2023|author=w:en:Brandon Taylor (writer)|Brandon T…」的新頁面 9800306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|fouette}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:bor|fr:fouetté<t:被鞭打>|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈfwɛteɪ/|/fwɛˈteɪ/|a=UK}} {{qualifier|或按法語發音}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{lb|en|芭蕾舞}} 挥鞭转（舞者先单脚站立，另一条腿向外伸出，然后像鞭子一样迅速收回，使身体完成旋转的动作） #* {{quote-book|en|year=2023|author=[[w:en:Brandon Taylor (writer)|Brandon Taylor]]|title={{w|lang=en|The Late Americans}}|publisher=Jonathan Cape|page=143|passage=Sometimes, when they were drinking, Goran would get up from the floor and do a pirouette or a '''fouetté''', for a moment so graceful and beautiful that it hurt to look at him.|t=有时，当他们喝酒时，戈兰会从地板上站起来，做一个旋转或'''挥鞭转'''，那一刻如此优雅美丽，让人不忍直视。}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-fouetté.wav|a=奧爾日河畔布雷蒂尼}} ===分詞=== {{fr-past participle}} # {{past participle of|fr|fouetter}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # 被[[鞭打]]的 # [[打發]]的（指奶油） # 佈滿似[[鞭痕]]的細小[[紋路]]的（尤用于花朵和水果） ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 99d3w2rynnw1nkm8yqmv4807m3eoxjz 0 3469286 9800307 2026-05-30T03:39:50Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|fouettes}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|fouetté}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-fouettés.wav|a=里昂}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|fouetté}}」的新頁面 9800307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|fouettes}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|fouetté}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-fouettés.wav|a=里昂}} ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|fouetté}} 0y7uikqugr3jpaqimv4z3zc3mvqnlpv 0 3469287 9800308 2026-05-30T03:40:21Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|fouetté}} #* {{quote-text|fr|year=1785|author=Donatien Alphonse François de Sade|title=[[s:fr:Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome - XXXVI|Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage]] |passage=Il n'encule que des filles de quinze ans, mais après les avoir au préalable '''fouettées''' à tour de bras. Il moleste et pince les fesses et le…」的新頁面 9800308 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===分詞=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|fouetté}} #* {{quote-text|fr|year=1785|author=Donatien Alphonse François de Sade|title=[[s:fr:Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome - XXXVI|Les 120 journées de Sodome, ou l'École du libertinage]] |passage=Il n'encule que des filles de quinze ans, mais après les avoir au préalable '''fouettées''' à tour de bras. Il moleste et pince les fesses et le trou du cul une heure, puis il encule pendant qu'on le fouette à tour de bras. |translation=他只强奸十五岁的女孩，但会先用鞭子抽打她们的手臂。他会打捏她们的屁股和肛门一个小时，然后在她们手臂被鞭打的时候强奸她们。}} cpaqlj00jwzkc04b0jqb8gw0ew3u6hd 0 3469288 9800309 2026-05-30T03:42:22Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9800309 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|abâtardir||3|s|futr}} sc11nlqyu2o2fys2u95u40gs6q827xo 0 3469289 9800310 2026-05-30T03:42:23Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9800310 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|abâtardir||1|s|futr}} ddnfy0ebzspmfcwrhk3ztnvw2jfdsab 0 3469290 9800311 2026-05-30T03:42:24Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9800311 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|abâtardir||3|p|cond}} fp29makkt89a2as9ctn52a1wf89bdoa 0 3469291 9800312 2026-05-30T03:42:25Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9800312 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-abâtardirais.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Toulouse>>)}} ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # 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{{plural of|de|Sehstörung}}」的新頁面 9800564 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈzeːˌʃtøːʁʊŋən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Sehstörungen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Sehstörung}} 2vdo7c5do3if6i5ykljk2519k1gu54q 0 3469535 9800565 2026-05-30T06:15:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{af|de|Schilddrüse|-n-|Erkrankung}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪltdʁyːzn̩ʔɛɐ̯ˌkʁaŋkʊŋ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schilddrüsenerkrankung.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # [[甲狀腺]][[疾病]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}}」的新頁面 9800565 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{af|de|Schilddrüse|-n-|Erkrankung}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪltdʁyːzn̩ʔɛɐ̯ˌkʁaŋkʊŋ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schilddrüsenerkrankung.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f}} # [[甲狀腺]][[疾病]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f}} h0qjy2wydtrepvmpt0720jlhiyylyoz 0 3469536 9800566 2026-05-30T06:15:52Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪltdʁyːzn̩ʔɛɐ̯ˌkʁaŋkʊŋən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schilddrüsenerkrankungen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Schilddrüsenerkrankung}}」的新頁面 9800566 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʃɪltdʁyːzn̩ʔɛɐ̯ˌkʁaŋkʊŋən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Schilddrüsenerkrankungen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Schilddrüsenerkrankung}} nxqdz8sxtcchte7ex7jppv4f1rve93h 0 3469537 9800568 2026-05-30T06:17:22Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁnəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkornes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||gen}}」的新頁面 9800568 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁnəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkornes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||gen}} ovfgtr3w1as4nek6kp41ztdy8piofk7 0 3469538 9800569 2026-05-30T06:17:24Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁns/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkorns.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||gen}}」的新頁面 9800569 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁns/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkorns.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||gen}} pf4sifzgls2rvq02gikzlqeh8qdl0q2 0 3469539 9800570 2026-05-30T06:17:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁnə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkorne.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||dat}}」的新頁面 9800570 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkɔʁnə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkorne.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||dat}} 7yfsvxtbxvq68ja2b4r4n44vybqgizk 0 3469540 9800571 2026-05-30T06:17:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkœʁnɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkörner.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Gerstenkorn||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800571 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkœʁnɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkörner.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Gerstenkorn||nom//acc//gen|p}} i9fn5r9k0xc451d592028cgkt2akgo1 0 3469541 9800572 2026-05-30T06:17:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkœʁnɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkörnern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800572 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡɛʁstn̩ˌkœʁnɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Gerstenkörnern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Gerstenkorn||dat|p}} hbgj484zpdqhtekkr395g23zog6likg 0 3469542 9800574 2026-05-30T06:18:20Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|pupillen}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/puˈpɪlən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Pupillen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Pupillen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhyme|de|ɪlən|s=3}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Pupille}}」的新頁面 9800574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|pupillen}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/puˈpɪlən/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Pupillen.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Pupillen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhyme|de|ɪlən|s=3}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Pupille}} i6hia5c7c5s613qquj2291ejitxgij8 0 3469543 9800576 2026-05-30T06:19:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʁeːɡn̩boːɡn̩ˌhɔɪ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäute.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäute2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Regenbogenhaut||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800576 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʁeːɡn̩boːɡn̩ˌhɔɪ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäute.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäute2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Regenbogenhaut||nom//acc//gen|p}} aitb86kvt13wmx55uf47shdalqvir2r 0 3469544 9800577 2026-05-30T06:19:33Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʁeːɡn̩boːɡn̩ˌhɔɪ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäuten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäuten2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Regenbogenhaut||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800577 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʁeːɡn̩boːɡn̩ˌhɔɪ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäuten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Regenbogenhäuten2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Regenbogenhaut||dat|p}} 57kpz58t2deic2d2ggp6hxjximttu6n 0 3469545 9800578 2026-05-30T06:20:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔap͡fl̩s/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augapfels.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augapfels.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800578 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔap͡fl̩s/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augapfels.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augapfels.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||gen|s}} ef0fk5ew5kv67tu9vw0cmmtnqxb9v77 0 3469546 9800579 2026-05-30T06:20:44Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Augapfel}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔɛp͡fəl/|/-ʔɛp͡fl̩/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augäpfel.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augäpfel.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Augapfel}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔɛp͡fəl/|/-ʔɛp͡fl̩/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augäpfel.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augäpfel.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||nom//acc//gen|p}} i0oh95arjpohziev45if01t3lljjhb0 0 3469547 9800580 2026-05-30T06:20:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔɛp͡fl̩n/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augäpfeln.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augäpfeln.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800580 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯kˌʔɛp͡fl̩n/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Augäpfeln.wav}} * {{audio|de|De-Augäpfeln.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Augapfel||dat|p}} nd8yusv9x58lw39c5ibaiaz2ow0ekoy 0 3469548 9800582 2026-05-30T06:21:35Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasauges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Glasauge||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800582 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasauges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Glasauge||gen|s}} k2cey0i64ovjvzxhmzk3nbrhotp9djh 0 3469549 9800583 2026-05-30T06:21:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡn̩/|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡŋ̍/}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasaugen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasaugen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Glasauge}}」的新頁面 9800583 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡn̩/|/ˈɡlaːsˌʔaʊ̯ɡŋ̍/}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasaugen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Glasaugen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Glasauge}} c0wb3e4aarvnwezv4f8jkfnsu4o71hv 0 3469550 9800585 2026-05-30T06:23:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Kataraktes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800585 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Kataraktes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||gen|s}} qwrmfmwdc3eg7j4nmu92ow3nqo0sllz 0 3469551 9800586 2026-05-30T06:23:08Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁakt͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakts.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800586 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁakt͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakts.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||gen|s}} 57ltkidt97qmw8yuv09rf5ab6luavpk 0 3469552 9800587 2026-05-30T06:23:10Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800587 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Katarakt||nom//acc//gen|p}} no9vcr3awiuikkv2gki0fo954pffaku 0 3469553 9800588 2026-05-30T06:23:12Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{infl of|de|Katarakt||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800588 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kataˈʁaktn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Katarakten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{infl of|de|Katarakt||dat|p}} 1qrdaz0o7aq36ny5nvmkyvlpq8d9ga8 0 3469554 9800590 2026-05-30T06:24:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|de|Grüner Star}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|grün<t:green>|Star<t:cataract><id:cataract>}} {{af|de|grün|t1=綠色|Star|id2=cataract|t2=白內障}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ɐ ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grüner Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grün]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{lb|de|口語}} {{syn of|de|Glaukom|t=[[青光眼]]}} #: {{cot|de|grauer Star}} ====變格==== {{…」的新頁面 9800590 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|de|Grüner Star}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|grün<t:green>|Star<t:cataract><id:cataract>}} {{af|de|grün|t1=綠色|Star|id2=cataract|t2=白內障}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ɐ ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grüner Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grün]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{lb|de|口語}} {{syn of|de|Glaukom|t=[[青光眼]]}} #: {{cot|de|grauer Star}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|[[grün]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} 2pg1ybky1rz3o8dpmnrmyptea2g3mjf 0 3469555 9800591 2026-05-30T06:24:43Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grau|Grau]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{alt case form of|de|grauer Star}}」的新頁面 9800591 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grau|Grau]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{alt case form of|de|grauer Star}} l9n4tk1qn84s6nmbxtdi8tl2fn42ve5 0 3469556 9800592 2026-05-30T06:25:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grün|Grün]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{alt case form of|de|grüner Star}}」的新頁面 9800592 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===名詞=== {{de-noun|[[grün|Grün]]er<+> [[Star]]<m.sg>}} # {{alt case form of|de|grüner Star}} 4lnhzxcwbg3s845xxnf3zzgccv9eb8k 0 3469557 9800594 2026-05-30T06:26:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Katarakt}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # [[瀑布]] # [[阻尼器]] ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|m}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|cs |katarakta<g:f> }} {{C|cs|水}} ==丹麥語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|da|la|cataracta}}，源自{{der|da|grc|καταρράκτης}}。 ===名詞=== {{da-noun|en|er}} # [[瀑布]] # {{lb|da|眼科學|病理學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|da|grå stær}} ====…」的新頁面 9800594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Katarakt}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # [[瀑布]] # [[阻尼器]] ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|m}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|cs |katarakta<g:f> }} {{C|cs|水}} ==丹麥語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|da|la|cataracta}}，源自{{der|da|grc|καταρράκτης}}。 ===名詞=== {{da-noun|en|er}} # [[瀑布]] # {{lb|da|眼科學|病理學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|da|grå stær}} ====變格==== {{da-decl|en|er}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:DDO}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|pl|katarakta||gen|p}} ==土耳其語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|tr|fr|cataracte|t=瀑布；白內障}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|tr|/ka.ta.ɾakt/}} ===名詞=== {{tr-noun|ı|lar}} # {{lb|tr|病理學}} [[白內障]] ====變格==== {{tr-infl-noun-c|ı|poss=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:tr:TDK}} 4j2shxgm1aad58phdzi7qswcy842zl7 0 3469558 9800595 2026-05-30T06:26:57Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kataraktą}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|f}} # [[白內障]] #: {{syn|cs|šedý zákal}} ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|cs |katarakt<g:m> }} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:cs:PSJC}} * {{R:cs:SSJC}} {{C|cs|病理學}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== < {{der|fi|la|cataracta}} ===發音=== {{fi-p}} ===名詞=== {{fi-noun}} # {{lb|fi|醫學}} {{synonym of|fi|harmaakaihi}} ====…」的新頁面 9800595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kataraktą}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|f}} # [[白內障]] #: {{syn|cs|šedý zákal}} ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|cs |katarakt<g:m> }} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:cs:PSJC}} * {{R:cs:SSJC}} {{C|cs|病理學}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== < {{der|fi|la|cataracta}} ===發音=== {{fi-p}} ===名詞=== {{fi-noun}} # {{lb|fi|醫學}} {{synonym of|fi|harmaakaihi}} ====變格==== {{fi-decl-kala|katarakt|||a}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:lbor|la:cataracta|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-katarakta.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # [[瀑布]] # {{lb|pl|眼科學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|pl|zaćma}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f|katarak|t}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|疾病種類|眼睛|瀑布}} nt36p42wpgxg3sg4rt7kzijlmjbg2j9 0 3469559 9800596 2026-05-30T06:27:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|cs|病理學}} [[白內障]] ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|šedý<+> zákal<m>}} {{C|cs|眼科學}}」的新頁面 9800596 wikitext text/x-wiki ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|cs|病理學}} [[白內障]] ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|šedý<+> zákal<m>}} {{C|cs|眼科學}} b3tbsnr2at7qo8w95jdnzr4fn72mqs4 0 3469560 9800597 2026-05-30T06:27:13Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|zaćmą}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:deverbal|zaćmić|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|za.|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-zaćma.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|眼科學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|pl|katarakta}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=名詞|ćma|zaćmienie}} {{col|pl|title=動詞|ćmić|zaćmić}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}}」的新頁面 9800597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|zaćmą}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:deverbal|zaćmić|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|za.|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-zaćma.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|眼科學}} [[白內障]] #: {{syn|pl|katarakta}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=名詞|ćma|zaćmienie}} {{col|pl|title=動詞|ćmić|zaćmić}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} of0yp9k32obvmgeptnnk01zt0mkj0jr 0 3469561 9800598 2026-05-30T06:28:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|stars|starš}} ==英語== {{wp|en:An-Najm}} ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun}} # {{w|星宿章}}（[[古蘭經]]第53章） ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=arsst|srats|Srtas|Srtas.|sarts|trass|tsars}} {{C|en|古蘭經}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʃtaːɐ̯s/|/staːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Stars.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Stars2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Star|…」的新頁面 9800598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|stars|starš}} ==英語== {{wp|en:An-Najm}} ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun}} # {{w|星宿章}}（[[古蘭經]]第53章） ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=arsst|srats|Srtas|Srtas.|sarts|trass|tsars}} {{C|en|古蘭經}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʃtaːɐ̯s/|/staːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Stars.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-Stars2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Star||gen|s|gloss=星星}} # {{inflection of|de|Star||gen|s|;|p|gloss=明星，名流}} d2ij7fgweup84k2szhin9vxen0x8uof 0 3469562 9800599 2026-05-30T06:28:56Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ən ˈʃtaːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauen Stars.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str//wk//mix|gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800599 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ən ˈʃtaːɐ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauen Stars.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str//wk//mix|gen|s}} 54dzvgobpiceu08t549aad5j9b05spx 0 3469563 9800600 2026-05-30T06:28:59Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯əm ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauem Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str|dat|s}}」的新頁面 9800600 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯əm ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauem Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str|dat|s}} ejitz46vi6o171tii0fnn6ey5m7nxux 0 3469564 9800601 2026-05-30T06:29:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ən ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauen Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str|acc|s|;|wk//mix|dat//acc|s}}」的新頁面 9800601 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ən ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-grauen Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||str|acc|s|;|wk//mix|dat//acc|s}} kn86w62gybfu1cqwivr1rk05ia2agcp 0 3469565 9800602 2026-05-30T06:29:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ə ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-graue Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||wk|nom|s}}」的新頁面 9800602 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌɡʁaʊ̯ə ˈʃtaːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-graue Star.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|grauer Star||wk|nom|s}} bay6npnqcemsqtbpiat1p6kde98msz7 0 3469566 9800603 2026-05-30T06:29:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁaʊ̯əm/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Jeuwre-grauem.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|grau}}」的新頁面 9800603 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁaʊ̯əm/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Jeuwre-grauem.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|grau}} cut561up5l1dkl3eqgm5s4ka5hxhxie 0 3469567 9800604 2026-05-30T06:29:20Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Graue}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁaʊ̯ə/}} * {{audio|de|De-graue.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-graue2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|grauen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|grau}}」的新頁面 9800604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Graue}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁaʊ̯ə/}} * {{audio|de|De-graue.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-graue2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|grauen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|grau}} swy5uj4r7vao2be0rlupsvkp4zz4kig 0 3469568 9800613 2026-05-30T07:57:33Z P1ayer 5118 新詞條 9800613 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=21}} {{zh-wp}} [[File:Ardisia crenata6.jpg|thumb]] ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūshāgēn |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 報春花科植物{{w|朱砂根}}（{{taxlink|Ardisia crenata|species}}），[[灌木]] #: {{syn|zh|萬兩}} # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述植物的乾燥根，作為[[藥材]]有行血祛風、解毒消腫之效 ml2ax7m47ranfsoc9jlibnvie0nkzd5 0 3469569 9800619 2026-05-30T08:17:51Z P1ayer 5118 新詞條 9800619 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} {{zh-wp}} [[File:Gleditsia sinensis0.jpg|thumb]] ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūyázào |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 豆科植物{{zh-alt-name|皂莢|{{taxlink|Gleditsia sinensis|species}}}} # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述植物的乾燥不育[[果實]]，作為[[藥材]]有通竅、滌痰、搜風、殺蟲之效 t36jv08o24867e8nud9lgknfst0h1j3 9800624 9800619 2026-05-30T09:58:15Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 漢語 */ 9800624 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=猪牙皂}} {{zh-wp}} [[File:Gleditsia sinensis0.jpg|thumb]] ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhūyázào |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 豆科植物{{zh-alt-name|皂莢|{{taxlink|Gleditsia sinensis|species}}}} # {{lb|zh|TCM}} 上述植物的乾燥不育[[果實]]，作為[[藥材]]有通竅、滌痰、搜風、殺蟲之效 7td0ee6go9miv7xy56s14q7jet7vlip 0 3469570 9800625 2026-05-30T09:58:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|pt|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|pt|acaso}}」的新頁面 9800625 wikitext text/x-wiki ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|pt|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|pt|acaso}} kz20q717ohlr0whn11nqo24pfmfqfpz 0 3469571 9800628 2026-05-30T10:07:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德语== ===词源=== {{af|de|Krebs|-ig}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪç/|/ˈkʁeːpsɪk/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsig.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsig2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容词=== {{de-adj}} # [[癌变]]的，癌性的 #: {{syn|de|krebsartig|karzinomatös}} ====变格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面 9800628 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德语== ===词源=== {{af|de|Krebs|-ig}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪç/|/ˈkʁeːpsɪk/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsig.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsig2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容词=== {{de-adj}} # [[癌变]]的，癌性的 #: {{syn|de|krebsartig|karzinomatös}} ====变格==== {{de-adecl}} 0ei8gpkvoch3cshi86fx8z5aofzvppk 0 3469572 9800629 2026-05-30T10:09:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartiger.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}}」的新頁面 9800629 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartiger.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}} nkor55uaaxsj3exue3v365t2ejuiqcs 0 3469573 9800630 2026-05-30T10:09:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}}」的新頁面 9800630 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}} rr0slibjvlghgej4amvtsky1bsos9in 0 3469574 9800631 2026-05-30T10:09:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}}」的新頁面 9800631 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartigen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}} jprdtclfa5yvvxw894vbstco71siim0 0 3469575 9800632 2026-05-30T10:09:12Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartige.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}}」的新頁面 9800632 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartige.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}} swze1lgp1v5gwfmun1ssqhtdcfebvy2 0 3469576 9800633 2026-05-30T10:09:13Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartiges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}}」的新頁面 9800633 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌʔaːɐ̯tɪɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsartiges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsartig}} 15plq223lwm3omlaif0tsxr53koo8en 0 3469577 9800634 2026-05-30T10:09:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsiger.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}}」的新頁面 9800634 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsiger.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}} o2bvmqj9kmfbi4zdgsjv7hlwik0qtov 0 3469578 9800635 2026-05-30T10:09:43Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}}」的新頁面 9800635 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}} sbhuhu6x5id4wgpview9qvxuxdl4110 0 3469579 9800636 2026-05-30T10:09:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}}」的新頁面 9800636 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsigem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}} l52tgegzv1iis2000jh93e6q0hbdixk 0 3469580 9800637 2026-05-30T10:09:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsige.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}}」的新頁面 9800637 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsige.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}} eus3rxun1kql5p81apdktku2jiy05rd 0 3469581 9800638 2026-05-30T10:09:50Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsiges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}}」的新頁面 9800638 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsɪɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-krebsiges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|krebsig}} 77jtsiriiwqmka7hwpup8mv3pzqtso6 0 3469582 9800641 2026-05-30T10:10:59Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöser.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}}」的新頁面 9800641 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöser.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}} iuq47u1fly2kp2my96eq5skb6l0es8v 0 3469583 9800642 2026-05-30T10:11:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatösem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}}」的新頁面 9800642 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatösem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}} nxnpytsn9fmr2btu56o4m2uoo3i5hbe 0 3469584 9800643 2026-05-30T10:11:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatösen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}}」的新頁面 9800643 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatösen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}} 36uwxou7y9z21e6lrt7bx77rg252ipl 0 3469585 9800644 2026-05-30T10:11:09Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzə/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöse.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}}」的新頁面 9800644 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzə/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöse.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}} j041wh5q2nwj3u0sy7277jpdqnm31xt 0 3469586 9800645 2026-05-30T10:11:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöses.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}}」的新頁面 9800645 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡sinomaˈtøːzəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-karzinomatöses.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|karzinomatös}} bd00a3b4nqi8npjbbt6oc3v4byeqk7w 0 3469587 9800647 2026-05-30T10:11:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːms/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinoms.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9800647 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːms/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinoms.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||gen|s}} skyem6zvxpbxk65wova1ot5ia84e0or 0 3469588 9800648 2026-05-30T10:11:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːmə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinome.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||nom//acc//gen|p}}」的新頁面 9800648 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːmə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinome.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||nom//acc//gen|p}} 2i0ue9usag6q03xlmhiihqdmsu99bao 0 3469589 9800649 2026-05-30T10:11:43Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːmən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinomen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9800649 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/kaʁt͡siˈnoːmən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Karzinomen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{inflection of|de|Karzinom||dat|p}} f21ufuxrb3rl6w84wprgm83puvep4se 0 3469590 9800650 2026-05-30T10:12:02Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Veraenderungen}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɛɐ̯ˈʔɛndəʁʊŋən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Veränderungen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Veränderung}}」的新頁面 9800650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Veraenderungen}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɛɐ̯ˈʔɛndəʁʊŋən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Veränderungen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Veränderung}} je404bkxc5c8ic8e4u32pzohl7mtifq 0 3469591 9800652 2026-05-30T10:19:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌt͡sɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Krebszellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Krebszelle}}」的新頁面 9800652 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈkʁeːpsˌt͡sɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Krebszellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Krebszelle}} fmbrv68ei6q4g2hplk69lopuc3lanr5 0 3469592 9800653 2026-05-30T10:19:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçemoteʁaˌpiːən/|/ˌçemoteʁaˈpiːən/|/ˈkemoteʁaˌpiːən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemotherapien.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Chemotherapie}}」的新頁面 9800653 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçemoteʁaˌpiːən/|/ˌçemoteʁaˈpiːən/|/ˈkemoteʁaˌpiːən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemotherapien.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Chemotherapie}} d7q4co3hfopo5bytxkd36d9trjz2ne2 0 3469593 9800654 2026-05-30T10:19:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Chemotherapie}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{prefix|nl|chemo|therapie}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moː.teː.raːˌpi/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemotherapie.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|che|mo|the|ra|pie}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-en|-}} # [[化疗]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|nl|chemokuur}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|nl|chemo}}」的新頁面 9800654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Chemotherapie}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{prefix|nl|chemo|therapie}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moː.teː.raːˌpi/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemotherapie.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|che|mo|the|ra|pie}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-en|-}} # [[化疗]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|nl|chemokuur}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|nl|chemo}} gbssf54v8nnsdu99yq9il2cxc96u0xn 0 3469594 9800655 2026-05-30T10:19:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemotherapieën.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemotherapie}}」的新頁面 9800655 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemotherapieën.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemotherapie}} redp4zmcg9uokpnnulhj0ahqhoxbko4 0 3469595 9800656 2026-05-30T10:20:24Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{pre|nl|chemo|kuur}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moːˌkyːr/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuur.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|che|mo|kuur}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} # [[化疗]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|nl|chemotherapie}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|nl|chemo}}」的新頁面 9800656 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{pre|nl|chemo|kuur}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moːˌkyːr/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuur.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|che|mo|kuur}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} # [[化疗]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|nl|chemotherapie}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|nl|chemo}} 8kpk91xeofge116a89uvlnjzcle98s7 0 3469596 9800657 2026-05-30T10:20:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuren.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemokuur}}」的新頁面 9800657 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuren.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemokuur}} ncxb6a2w4p998fjvf3jk8mskxmrt6hp 0 3469597 9800658 2026-05-30T10:20:28Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuurtje.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun-dim}} # {{diminutive of|nl|chemokuur}}」的新頁面 9800658 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuurtje.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun-dim}} # {{diminutive of|nl|chemokuur}} f2pil4ifvi1wnkj8e11x7212uoalv15 0 3469598 9800659 2026-05-30T10:20:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuurtjes.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemokuurtje}}」的新頁面 9800659 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemokuurtjes.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|chemokuurtje}} mhlfjdim26cjzdgdz2655ywla422jje 0 3469599 9800660 2026-05-30T10:21:23Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemo-|Chemo}} ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈkiːməʊ/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈkimoʊ/|a=GenAm}} * {{audio|en|En-us-chemo.oga|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|iːməʊ|s=2}} ===名詞=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰew-}} {{en-noun|~}} # {{lb|en|非正式}} {{clipping of|en|chemotherapy}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|chemobrain|chemofog}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|非正式|及物}} [[化疗]] #* {{quote-text|en|year=2015|author…」的新頁面 9800660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemo-|Chemo}} ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈkiːməʊ/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈkimoʊ/|a=GenAm}} * {{audio|en|En-us-chemo.oga|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|iːməʊ|s=2}} ===名詞=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰew-}} {{en-noun|~}} # {{lb|en|非正式}} {{clipping of|en|chemotherapy}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|chemobrain|chemofog}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|非正式|及物}} [[化疗]] #* {{quote-text|en|year=2015|author=Charley Fish|title=Insuring Death |passage=We '''chemoed''' the tumor in the leg down by 92 percent, and the fourteen in her lungs vanished.|t=我们'''通过化疗'''使她腿上的肿瘤缩小了92%，肺部的14个肿瘤也消失了。}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehmo|Moche|moche|ochem}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{m|nl|chemokuur}} 和 {{m|nl|chemotherapie}} 的缩略，源自前缀 {{m|nl|chemo-}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moː/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemo.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|che|mo}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-'s|+}} # {{lb|nl|荷蘭|非正式}} [[化疗]] #: {{syn|nl|chemokuur|chemotherapie}} 1nbh8ptf3bt64pcfeexxy6fw1pky4os 0 3469600 9800661 2026-05-30T10:21:36Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:User:Sayonzei/nl-pl|chemo}}」的新頁面 9800661 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|audio}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{nl-noun form of|pl|chemo}} o4qa1z1l6dmbv3rxfzhhkpaaqvshsls 0 3469601 9800662 2026-05-30T10:21:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|chemo}} ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||s-verb-form}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehmos|moches|schmoe|secohm}}」的新頁面 9800662 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|chemo}} ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||s-verb-form}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehmos|moches|schmoe|secohm}} mbnzouh1ha5g53htop068d9ik703x13 0 3469602 9800663 2026-05-30T10:21:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||ing-form}}」的新頁面 9800663 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||ing-form}} grdd787bq5n1xigo8ojcwoaa4rp2nob 0 3469603 9800664 2026-05-30T10:21:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||ed-form}}」的新頁面 9800664 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|chemo||ed-form}} kgrdp9o692mhgeeoieapx7ng7cgs2ji 0 3469604 9800665 2026-05-30T10:22:13Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemo|chemo-}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçeːmo/}} * {{IPA|de|/ˈkemo/|a=Austria}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemo.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f,s}} # {{lb|de|非正式}} {{clipping of|de|Chemotherapie|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f,s}}」的新頁面 9800665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemo|chemo-}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçeːmo/}} * {{IPA|de|/ˈkemo/|a=Austria}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemo.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|f,s}} # {{lb|de|非正式}} {{clipping of|de|Chemotherapie|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|f,s}} 99uzhnep8szcqc78ilauek5nf74b6ih 0 3469605 9800666 2026-05-30T10:22:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçeːmos/|/ˈkemos/}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemos.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Chemo||p}}」的新頁面 9800666 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçeːmos/|/ˈkemos/}} * {{audio|de|De-Chemos.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Chemo||p}} neezcawvw1akbnq5s0njs6v4hoi9yy3 0 3469606 9800667 2026-05-30T10:23:31Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemo|Chemo}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|en|:der|la-new:chēmīa|tree=1}} {{dercat|en|la-med|ar|grk-pro}}{{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰew-}} {{back-formation|en}}，源自{{der|en|la-new|chēmicus||煉金術的；化學的}} 和 {{m|la-new|chēmia||化學}}，最終源自{{der|en|grc|-}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/kimoʊ/|/kɛmoʊ/|a=US}} ===前綴=== {{en-prefix}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixse…」的新頁面 9800667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemo|Chemo}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|en|:der|la-new:chēmīa|tree=1}} {{dercat|en|la-med|ar|grk-pro}}{{root|en|ine-pro|*ǵʰew-}} {{back-formation|en}}，源自{{der|en|la-new|chēmicus||煉金術的；化學的}} 和 {{m|la-new|chēmia||化學}}，最終源自{{der|en|grc|-}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/kimoʊ/|/kɛmoʊ/|a=US}} ===前綴=== {{en-prefix}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|en}} ===參見=== * {{alt|en|chemi-}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehmo|Moche|moche|ochem}} ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈxeː.moː/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-chemo-.ogg}} ===前綴=== {{head|nl|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|nl}} ==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|de|chemi-}} * {{alt|de|chem-||元音前}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{m|de|Chemie}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈçemo/}} * {{audio|de|De-chemo-.ogg|a=柏林}} ===前綴=== {{head|de|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|de}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:Duden}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|pl|id=chemistry|:der|grc:χυμεία<id:alchemy>|tree=1|text=+}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-chemo-.wav}} ===前綴=== {{head|pl|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 #: {{prefixusex|pl|autotrofia|chemoautotrofia}} ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|pl}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} 9912i958ofss8cnam2x2mbs1pfic168 0 3469607 9800668 2026-05-30T10:23:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== {{etymon|en|chemo-}} ===前綴=== {{head|en|前綴}} # {{alternative form of|en|chemo-}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|en |chemiluminescence |chemisorb |chemisorption |chemist |chemistry }} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehim|Chiem|chime|hemic|miche}} ==德語== ===前綴=== {{head|de|前綴}} # {{alt form|de|chemo-}} ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|de}}」的新頁面 9800668 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== {{etymon|en|chemo-}} ===前綴=== {{head|en|前綴}} # {{alternative form of|en|chemo-}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|en |chemiluminescence |chemisorb |chemisorption |chemist |chemistry }} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehim|Chiem|chime|hemic|miche}} ==德語== ===前綴=== {{head|de|前綴}} # {{alt form|de|chemo-}} ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|de}} 301shpogkyy700hbnerardk9ow0e19d 0 3469608 9800669 2026-05-30T10:24:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chem|chem.|Chem.}} ==英語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|en|chemo-#詞源|chemo- § 詞源}}。 ===前綴=== {{en-prefix}} # {{alternative form of|en|chemo-}} {{lb|en|元音前}} ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|en}} ==卡維拉語== ===前綴=== {{head|chl|前綴}} # [[我們]]（加在動詞前，表示其主語） # 我們的（加在名詞前，表示其所有者）」的新頁面 9800669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chem|chem.|Chem.}} ==英語== ===詞源=== 參見 {{m|en|chemo-#詞源|chemo- § 詞源}}。 ===前綴=== {{en-prefix}} # {{alternative form of|en|chemo-}} {{lb|en|元音前}} ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|en}} ==卡維拉語== ===前綴=== {{head|chl|前綴}} # [[我們]]（加在動詞前，表示其主語） # 我們的（加在名詞前，表示其所有者） jqqponiuflw8dtvrupqoz50mvey35z3 0 3469609 9800670 2026-05-30T10:25:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chem|Chem.|chem-}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{en-noun|-}} # {{abbreviation of|en|chemistry}}。 ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{abbreviation of|en|chemical}}。 ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehm|Emch|Mech|Mech.|mech|mech.}} ==法語== ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m|-}} # {{abbreviation of|fr|chemin}}」的新頁面 9800670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chem|Chem.|chem-}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{en-noun|-}} # {{abbreviation of|en|chemistry}}。 ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{abbreviation of|en|chemical}}。 ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=cehm|Emch|Mech|Mech.|mech|mech.}} ==法語== ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m|-}} # {{abbreviation of|fr|chemin}} k36hk2yh80h624ss6sgqqwnqshpu0z5 0 3469610 9800671 2026-05-30T10:25:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===前綴=== {{head|fr|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|fr}}」的新頁面 9800671 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===前綴=== {{head|fr|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== {{prefixsee|fr}} ewh73a9ytej5ahddvtwoz3tyliigna7 0 3469611 9800672 2026-05-30T10:25:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemio}} ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|chemi-|chemo-}} ===前綴=== {{head|it|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=cehimo|chiome}}」的新頁面 9800672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemio}} ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|chemi-|chemo-}} ===前綴=== {{head|it|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=cehimo|chiome}} h67kwiif3sew7b1ved9lihr0oop8mz7 0 3469612 9800673 2026-05-30T10:25:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|quimio|químio}} ==葡萄牙語== ===前綴=== {{head|pt|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|pt|químico}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西班牙語== ===前綴=== {{head|es|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{prefixsee|es}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}}」的新頁面 9800673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|quimio|químio}} ==葡萄牙語== ===前綴=== {{head|pt|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|pt|químico}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西班牙語== ===前綴=== {{head|es|前綴}} # [[化學]]的；[[化學品]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{prefixsee|es}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} kp4x3qw5r5z8124819k7n7lfsob9o2i 0 3469613 9800674 2026-05-30T10:26:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|quimio-|químio}} ==加利西亞語== ===詞源=== {{clipping|gl|quimioterapia}}。 ===名詞=== {{gl-noun|f}} # {{lb|gl|口語}} [[化療]] ==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{es-noun|f}} # {{lb|es|口語}} {{clipping of|es|quimioterapia|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}}」的新頁面 9800674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|quimio-|químio}} ==加利西亞語== ===詞源=== {{clipping|gl|quimioterapia}}。 ===名詞=== {{gl-noun|f}} # {{lb|gl|口語}} [[化療]] ==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{es-noun|f}} # {{lb|es|口語}} {{clipping of|es|quimioterapia|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} 0hiocolecohcz3hcsps6d6grswhxv1y 0 3469614 9800675 2026-05-30T10:26:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemio-}} ==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f|#}} # [[化療]] #: {{syn|it|chemioterapia}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=cehimo|chiome}}」的新頁面 9800675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemio-}} ==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f|#}} # [[化療]] #: {{syn|it|chemioterapia}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=cehimo|chiome}} 5l97ik8id58ec5w99evhouewwp4x8dw 0 3469615 9800676 2026-05-30T10:26:32Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|es|名詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{plural of|es|quimio}}」的新頁面 9800676 wikitext text/x-wiki ==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|es|名詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{plural of|es|quimio}} tqvrh1q1janijmio8i3yw731kb1r626 0 3469616 9800677 2026-05-30T10:26:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|quimio-|quimio}} ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|f}} # {{lb|pt|口語}} {{clipping of|pt|quimioterapia|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Priberam}} * {{R:pt:Infopédia}}」的新頁面 9800677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|quimio-|quimio}} ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|f}} # {{lb|pt|口語}} {{clipping of|pt|quimioterapia|nodot=1}}：[[化療]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Priberam}} * {{R:pt:Infopédia}} p4t5u482u591n57tdfc1zd6jy0u1jmp 0 3469617 9800679 2026-05-30T10:27:21Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|chemoterapią}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg|hh=hemoterapia}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|adj=chemoterapeutyczny}} # {{alt form of|pl|chemioterapia}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f|tantum=s}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==斯洛伐克語== ===發音=== * {{sk-IPA|t=loan|r=1|h=1}} ===名詞=== {{sk-noun|f|adj=chemoterapeutický}} # {{lb|sk|醫學}} [[化療]] ====變格==== {{sk-ndecl|f|n=s…」的新頁面 9800679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|chemoterapią}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg|hh=hemoterapia}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|adj=chemoterapeutyczny}} # {{alt form of|pl|chemioterapia}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f|tantum=s}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==斯洛伐克語== ===發音=== * {{sk-IPA|t=loan|r=1|h=1}} ===名詞=== {{sk-noun|f|adj=chemoterapeutický}} # {{lb|sk|醫學}} [[化療]] ====變格==== {{sk-ndecl|f|n=sg}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:sk:SDK}} ao101t0mdcgcgx9fepkhijq9ejza761 0 3469618 9800680 2026-05-30T10:27:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|chèmioterapìe}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{plural of|it|chemioterapia}}」的新頁面 9800680 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|chèmioterapìe}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{plural of|it|chemioterapia}} bug0o118d2j9c2nfr38lrx8s707z5ep 0 3469619 9800681 2026-05-30T10:27:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pl|chemoterapeutyczny}} ===詞源=== {{intnat|pl}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Jest Spoczko-#.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=chemioterapeutycznie}} # {{lb|pl|relational|醫學|腫瘤學}} [[化療]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=名詞|chemioterapia}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}}」的新頁面 9800681 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pl|chemoterapeutyczny}} ===詞源=== {{intnat|pl}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Jest Spoczko-#.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=chemioterapeutycznie}} # {{lb|pl|relational|醫學|腫瘤學}} [[化療]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=名詞|chemioterapia}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 9m6qg6ivjeuzf1e824alyx3b4ldse48 0 3469620 9800682 2026-05-30T10:28:08Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|chemoterapico||不常見}} ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|chemio-|terapico}} 源自 {{af|it|chemio-|terapico}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # [[化療]]的 ===名詞=== {{it-noun|m}} # {{lb|it|藥理學}} 化療[[藥物]]，化學治療劑 ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|chemioterapia}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Garzanti}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|chemio…」的新頁面 9800682 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|chemoterapico||不常見}} ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|chemio-|terapico}} 源自 {{af|it|chemio-|terapico}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # [[化療]]的 ===名詞=== {{it-noun|m}} # {{lb|it|藥理學}} 化療[[藥物]]，化學治療劑 ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|chemioterapia}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Garzanti}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|chemioteràpico}} * {{R:it:Treccani|chemioteràpico}} 0rw2ki937dyf0x2yiljyvfr1uz23f1j 0 3469621 9800683 2026-05-30T10:28:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||f|s}}」的新頁面 9800683 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||f|s}} aqls5zbbnpgihue6zi7h5dvwos8ihzi 0 3469622 9800684 2026-05-30T10:28:15Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||m|p}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|chemioterapico}}」的新頁面 9800684 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||m|p}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|chemioterapico}} r1hnrdrwmy4uw2y0egna60j9pt8h85r 0 3469623 9800685 2026-05-30T10:28:17Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||f|p}}」的新頁面 9800685 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|chemioterapico||f|p}} c7jk2bi5z3zjkvkml2dyf3wrl1p5qhi 0 3469624 9800686 2026-05-30T10:28:38Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|terapia|-ico}} 源自 {{af|it|terapia|-ico}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|teràpico}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # {{lb|it|醫學}} [[治療]]的 #: {{syn|it|terapeutico}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceioprt|Ipocràte|capiterò|copriate|erpicato|paretico|proteica|recapito|recapitò}}」的新頁面 9800686 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|terapia|-ico}} 源自 {{af|it|terapia|-ico}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|teràpico}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # {{lb|it|醫學}} [[治療]]的 #: {{syn|it|terapeutico}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceioprt|Ipocràte|capiterò|copriate|erpicato|paretico|proteica|recapito|recapitò}} 23i7lhcrpunrp0b4lij4elztsoj3s85 0 3469625 9800687 2026-05-30T10:28:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||f|s}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaceiprt|capitare|capiterà|capriate|capterai|carpiate|erpicata|paretica|recapita}}」的新頁面 9800687 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||f|s}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaceiprt|capitare|capiterà|capriate|capterai|carpiate|erpicata|paretica|recapita}} 8uccip4rmydaaelesz383z341vqm6ea 0 3469626 9800688 2026-05-30T10:28:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||m|p}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceiiprt|crepitai|erpicati|paretici|piacerti|piretica|recapiti}}」的新頁面 9800688 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||m|p}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceiiprt|crepitai|erpicati|paretici|piacerti|piretica|recapiti}} 6nevl5r9lsthjt2rnvqnvfvk8zsubj5 0 3469627 9800689 2026-05-30T10:28:43Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||f|p}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceehiprt|paretiche}}」的新頁面 9800689 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapico||f|p}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceehiprt|paretiche}} tmy35l456lmp15tbkb4dgftpyh0tq4p 0 3469628 9800691 2026-05-30T10:30:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|terapéutica|terapêutica}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutica}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||f|s}}」的新頁面 9800691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|terapéutica|terapêutica}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutica}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||f|s}} 5t106dyhr96ep1wsoz5fo4pxosgcviu 0 3469629 9800692 2026-05-30T10:30:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutici}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||m|p}}」的新頁面 9800692 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutici}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||m|p}} hsxjhe5xoxheanfoer4pxe4n39wjsnl 0 3469630 9800693 2026-05-30T10:30:29Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutiche}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||f|p}}」的新頁面 9800693 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|terapèutiche}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|it|terapeutico||f|p}} nek3ohcxm99z0udshj24lua1zfyyqvb