Wiktionary zhwiktionary https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Thesaurus Thesaurus talk Citations Citations talk Reconstruction Reconstruction talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1509 9890482 9187655 2026-09-08T11:15:24Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9890482 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=解决}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=jiějué |ma=Zh-jiějué.ogg |c=gaai2 kyut3 |h=pfs=n:kié-kiet/s:kiái-kiat |mn=kái-koat |mn-t=goi2 guag4 |w=sz:5cia3 ciuq7 |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[疏解]]，[[處理]][[清楚]] #: {{zh-x|解決 問題}} #: {{zh-x|解決 方案}} #: {{zh-x|完美 解決}} #: {{zh-x|問題 得到 了 解決。}} #: {{zh-x|他們 為了 解決 這個 問題，嘗試 過 各種 方法。}} # {{lb|zh|euphemism}} [[殺害]]，[[殺死]] # [[消除]]，[[消滅]] #: {{zh-x|把 敵人 解決 了。}} ====同義詞==== * {{s|殺害}} {{syn-saurus|zh|殺死}} * {{s|消滅}} {{syn-saurus|zh|殲滅}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|未解決}} ====相關詞==== * {{zh-l|處理}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||かいけつ|해결|giải quyết}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[問題]]得到[[處理]]，有了[[結果]] # {{lb|zh|music}} {{w|解決}}：音樂從不[[穩定]]（[[緊張]]）[[狀態]][[進行]]到穩定狀態的[[過程]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|音樂}} * 英語：{{t+|en|resolution}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|oplossing|f}}、{{t+|nl|oplossen|n}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|purkaminen}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|résolution|f}} * 德語：{{t|de|Stimmung (Musikinstrument)|f}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|解決|tr=kaiketsu}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|разреше́ние|n}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|Beginning}} {{C|zh|謀殺|暴力}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|かい|けつ|yomi=kanon}} ===詞源=== {{compound|ja|解|tr1=kai|t1=解釋|決|tr2=ketsu|t2=決定}}。 ===發音=== * {{ja-pron|かいけつ|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|かいけつ}} # [[疏解]]，[[處理]][[清楚]] # {{lb|ja|music|sort=かいけつ}} 音樂從不[[穩定]]（[[緊張]]）[[狀態]][[進行]]到穩定狀態的[[過程]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|問題解決|もんだい かいけつ}} * {{ja-r|解決方法|かいけつ ほうほう}} * {{ja-r|解決手段|かいけつ しゅだん}} ====相關詞==== * {{ja-r|解明|かいめい}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=both|かいけつ}} # {{lb|ja|transitive}} [[疏解]]，[[處理]][[清楚]] #: {{ja-usex|[[彼ら]]は[[その]]問題を[[一日]]で'''解決した'''。|^かれら は その もんだい を いちにち で '''かいけつ した'''。|他們一天之內就'''解決'''了問題。}} # {{lb|ja|intransitive}} [[安定]]，[[穩定]] #: {{ja-usex|[[問題]]は'''解決した'''。|^もんだい は '''かいけつ した'''。|問題'''解決'''了。}} # {{lb|ja|intransitive}} 可以[[解開]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|かいけつ}} ===來源=== <references/> * {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=해결}} # {{ko-hanja form of|해결}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|giải quyết}} froibpuxdb2b7ppzeu8ogh0n9nyyyl3 4 1718 9890058 9889863 2026-09-08T06:43:09Z TongcyBot 83009 機器人：更新每日統計數據（2026-09-08） 9890058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Interwiki}} {{shortcut|WT:STAT}} ==基本資料== {| class="wikitable" ! 項目 !! 資料 |- ! MediaWiki版本 | {{CURRENTVERSION}} |- ! 詞條數量 | [[Special:Statistics|'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] |- ! 總頁面數 | {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} |- ! 已編碼的語言數量 | {{#invoke:list of languages|count}} |- ! 檔案數量 | {{NUMBEROFFILES}} |- ! 註冊用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} |- ! 活躍用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} |- ! 管理員數量 | {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} |- ! 全站頁面編輯次數 | {{NUMBEROFEDITS}} |} 其他資料請參考[[Special:Statistics]]。 ==頁面== 本表是中文维基詞典詞條数依日期到達的里程碑，以每一万个词条为单位计数。<!-- 以下內容已不再更新 * 近期統計圖表（區分機器人與一般用戶，選擇zhwiktionary_p，每日自動更新）：[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0001.php 編輯次數]{{·}}[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0002.php 新增詞條數量]--> * 目前的詞條數：'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''（{{重新整理|更新}}）。 {{Milestone}} ==与相邻语言版本的比较== 中文维基词典词条收录量为'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''，在所有语言版本的詞典中[[meta:Wiktionary#List of Wiktionaries|'''位列第4''']]。 {{autoStat | 2026-08-01 | fr | mg | zh | th | el | 6976657 | 5976939 | 2364936 | 2205125 | 1584089 | 6977221 | 5977493 | 2365491 | 2205219 | 1584112 | 6977714 | 5978144 | 2365622 | 2205252 | 1584133 | 6978477 | 5978426 | 2366265 | 2205259 | 1584143 | 6979134 | 5978989 | 2366805 | 2205215 | 1584177 | 6979546 | 5980294 | 2367347 | 2205203 | 1584196 | 6980168 | 5981376 | 2367849 | 2205229 | 1584228 | 6981051 | 5982700 | 2368430 | 2205288 | 1584324 | 6981933 | 5984045 | 2368853 | 2205379 | 1584399 | 6983324 | 5985449 | 2369257 | 2205380 | 1584456 | 6984590 | 5985754 | 2369807 | 2205385 | 1584575 | 6985339 | 5986373 | 2370253 | 2205405 | 1584589 | 6986002 | 5987712 | 2370754 | 2205421 | 1584607 | 6986432 | 5988528 | 2371334 | 2205425 | 1584623 | 6987114 | 5990673 | 2371874 | 2205581 | 1584645 | 6987854 | 5993328 | 2372343 | 2205798 | 1584658 | 6988682 | 5994632 | 2372786 | 2205800 | 1584680 | 6989271 | 5996842 | 2373286 | 2205825 | 1584711 | 6989916 | 5998135 | 2373887 | 2206063 | 1584852 | 6990575 | 6000450 | 2374445 | 2206161 | 1584930 | 6991237 | 6002461 | 2374929 | 2206225 | 1584977 | 6991602 | 6003045 | 2375611 | 2206247 | 1585014 | 6992109 | 6004036 | 2376067 | 2206306 | 1585360 | 6992455 | 6005331 | 2376577 | 2206313 | 1585746 | 6992941 | 6006942 | 2377022 | 2206322 | 1585765 | 6993240 | 6008594 | 2377598 | 2206417 | 1585782 | 6993637 | 6009897 | 2378065 | 2206510 | 1585789 | 6995158 | 6013596 | 2378414 | 2206513 | 1585810 | 6996010 | 6018377 | 2378797 | 2206515 | 1585830 | 6996576 | 6020083 | 2379364 | 2206519 | 1585851 | 6997017 | 6021549 | 2379833 | 2206519 | 1585866 | 6997535 | 6023134 | 2380192 | 2206521 | 1585904 | 6998238 | 6024873 | 2380554 | 2206523 | 1585917 | 7000127 | 6026546 | 2380887 | 2206607 | 1585946 | 7000656 | 6029380 | 2381509 | 2206651 | 1585971 | 7003003 | 6031154 | 2381927 | 2206689 | 1585985 | 7004167 | 6032755 | 2382273 | 2206693 | 1586008 | 7006837 | 6034370 | 2382636 | 2206694 | 1586076 | 7007218 | 6035533 | 2383103 | 2206700 | 1586104 | 7008103 | 6035941 | 2383540 | 2206787 | 1586119 }} * 来源：[https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/display.php?t=wt Wikistats] 统计的具体时间为当日1时（UTC）左右，近似表示前一天的数据 * 关于里程碑，参见[[Wiktionary:宣告]] ==页面访问统计== 历史数据参见：[[Wiktionary:统计/存档]] ===总页面浏览量=== {{Collapse2|header=最近一年中文維基詞典的存取量|float=right |{{Graph:PageViews| 365 | _ |scale=sqrt}} }} {{Chart | chart = ZhWiktionary_Monthly_Pageviews_Since_2016.chart | align = center | title = 中文維基詞典歷年瀏覽量 }} 数据来源：[https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wiktionary.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|table|1-year|~total|monthly Total page views] ===热词=== 页面浏览量最高的词条： {{Wiktionary:統計/熱詞 |year=2024 |month=6 |t1=尛 |cat1=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v1=5,385 |m1=82.8 |t2=。 |cat2=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v2=5,355 |m2=94.4 |t3=! |cat3=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v3=3,407 |m3=74.2 |t4=凪 |cat4=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]]|v4=3,120 |m4=62.0 |t5=雫 |cat5=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v5= 3,114 |m5=64.6 |t6=又双叒叕 |cat6=[[:Category:漢語副詞|漢語副詞]] |v6=2,528 |m6=73.4 |t7=你好 |cat7=[[:Category:漢語感嘆詞|漢語感嘆詞]] |v7=2,513 |m7=41.1 |t8=昶 |cat8=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v8=2,412 |m8=56.7 |t9=肉便器 |cat9=[[:Category:漢語名詞|漢語名詞]] |v9=2,345 |m9=78.4 |t10=辻 |cat10=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v10=2,150 |m10=71.8 }} 数据来源：[https://pageviews.toolforge.org/topviews/?project=zh.wiktionary.org&platform=all-access&date={{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}&excludes= Topviews Analysis - Most viewed pages of a project] ==收录词条== {{also|Wiktionary:统计/各语言词条}} ==参看== *[[Special:Statistics|基本统计]] [[Category:維基詞典統計]] 3nrt5nrpe1b1xk1lyxv768eea9u7lcy 0 11034 9890393 8241239 2026-09-08T08:23:05Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890393 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|frm|-}}，{{inh+|fr|fro|criembre}}、{{m|fro|criendre}}（晚期作 {{m|fro|creindre}}），{{inh+|fr|la-cla|tremō|tremere}}，源自{{der|fr|ine-pro|*trem-||顫抖}}。轉變自高盧-羅曼地區{{inh|fr|VL.|-}}方言詞形 {{m|la|*cremere}}，詞首的 ''c-'' 受凱爾特語詞根 {{m|cel-pro|*krit-}}（{{cog|br|kridien}}、{{cog|gd|crith}}）影響<ref>{{R:fr:TLFi|etym=1}}</ref>，最終源自{{der|fr|ine-pro|*krey-}}。對照類似的{{cog|oc|crénher}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|pos=v}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-craindre.ogg|音頻}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[害怕]]，[[畏懼]] # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[擔心]]，[[擔憂]] # {{lb|fr|及物}} [[敬畏]] # {{lb|fr|及物}} 對……[[敏感]]，不[[耐受]] # {{lb|fr|不及物|俚語}} [[壞事]]，[[不妙]] #: {{ux|fr|J'ai perdu mon portefeuille. — Merde, ça '''craint'''.|我把錢包弄丟了。 — 靠，這可'''不妙'''啊。}} ====用法說明==== * ''craindre que'' 後接虛擬式，在正式法语中另外帶 {{m|fr|ne}} 作为无意义或“脏话”助词，如： *: {{uxi|fr|Je crains que le lac '''ne soit''' froid.|我担心湖水很冷。}} ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|fr|avoir peur}} * {{l|fr|redouter}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|fr |chat échaudé craint l'eau froide |ne craindre ni Dieu ni diable }} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|crainte}} * {{l|fr|trembler}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} r27gfr2rgb4rzsvls8qkylxtx7g2pah 0 11538 9890438 4989906 2026-09-08T08:32:39Z Chihunglu83 87715 9890438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{minitoc}} ==意大利语== 姓名 [[Category:意大利语]] [[Category:英语名词]] {{-pt-}} 名字；名字；名称 ezmun591wytt01ql4mtpzry9b8y53j3 0 28979 9889963 5587342 2026-09-07T17:31:04Z TongcyDai 53191 9889963 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|igrzysko|-a<id:陰性名詞>|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-igrzyska.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|nv-p}} # {{lb|pl|運動}} [[運動會]]，[[比賽]] # [[節日]]，[[慶典]] ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-n|lemma=igrzysko|tantum=p}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} kc21gexhwv37aewyxktitebnhmtamen 0 29141 9889964 5587423 2026-09-07T17:31:20Z TongcyDai 53191 9889964 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|ile|-ość<ref:{{R:pl:Boryś|ile}}>|:cal|la:quantitās<ref:{{R:pl:Bańkowski}}>|etydate=1532<ref:{{R:pl:SXVI|+|54976}}>|tree=+|text=+}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg|mp=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # [[數量]]{{gl|物質的總和或總量}} #: {{cot|pl|jakość}} # {{lb|pl|proscribed}} [[數目]]，[[數量]] #: {{syn|pl|liczba}} ====用法說明==== 在正式規範中，{{m|pl|liczba}} 用於衡量可數名詞，而 {{m|pl|ilość}} 用於不可數名詞；然而人們經常將 {{m|pl|ilość}} 用於所有的名詞。 ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|ilościowy}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=副詞|ilościowo}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|csb|jilosc|bor=1}} * {{desc|zle-ort|ко́лкость|clq=1}} ** {{desc|uk|кі́лькість}} ===附記=== {{pl-freq 1990|85|30|59|10|2|186|303|149|1}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} * {{R:pl:SXVII|ILOŚĆ|33603|date=28.05.2018}} * {{R:pl:SJP1807}} * {{R:pl:SJP1861}} * {{R:pl:SJP1900||78|2}} {{C|pl|度量衡學}} ekhmo5wkbhdkehrpvwzuspqr8g49no9 0 29192 9889962 5587814 2026-09-07T17:30:56Z TongcyDai 53191 9889962 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|istota|-ny<ref:{{R:pl:Boryś|istota}} !!! {{R:pl:Mańczak|istota}} !!! {{R:pl:Bańkowski}}>|etydate=1543<ref:{{R:pl:SXVI|+|55314}}>|tree=+|text=+}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg|mp=#}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|istotniejszy|adv=istotnie}} # [[關鍵]]的{{gl|有重大影響的}} #: {{syn|pl|relewantny|ważny|znaczący}} # [[相關]]的{{gl|與當前主題有關的}} # [[主要]]的 #: {{syn|pl|główny|podstawowy}} # [[實際]]的，[[真實]]的 #: {{syn|pl|rzeczywisty|prawdziwy}} # {{lb|pl|棄用|醫學}} [[自發]]的{{gl|沒有任何明顯外部原因而發生的}} #: {{syn|pl|samoistny}} # {{lb|pl|Middle Polish|用於拉丁語翻譯}} [[本質]]的，[[基本]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|współistotny}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|istotność}} {{pl-derived verbs|-/istnieć}} ===附記=== {{pl-freq 1990|30|8|43|2|1|84|757|157|1}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} * {{R:pl:SXVII|ISTOTNY|9803|SPas|19.09.2008}} * {{R:pl:SJP1807}} * {{R:pl:SJP1861}} * {{R:pl:SJP1900||112|2}} * {{R:pl:NFJP}} gmzmph8pi3rl9sxdg51k7vu88ttczuy 0 29488 9889967 5586994 2026-09-07T17:38:17Z TongcyDai 53191 9889967 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:bor|gmh:handler|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-handlarz.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-pr|f=handlarka}} # [[商人]]，[[小販]]，[[販子]] #: {{syn|pl|kupiec}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|handlarski}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|handlarstwo}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|handlowy}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|handel|handlowiec}} {{col|pl|title=動詞|handlować}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|be|гандля́р|bor=1}} * {{desc|uk|гендля́р|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|男人|職業}} gk8kxqg16mblt0s67b2y9g62kn9mw5y 0 32951 9890410 7775666 2026-09-08T08:24:51Z Chihunglu83 87715 9890410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{minitoc}} ==英语== ===發音=== * {{enPR|sāk}}, {{IPA|en|/seɪk/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-sake.ogg|音頻（美式）}} * {{rhymes|en|eɪk}} 缘故 [[Category:英語]] [[Category:拉丁文字]] [[Category:英语名词]] ==印尼語== {{wikipedia||lang=id}} ===词源=== 来自{{bor|id|ja|-}} {{ja-r|酒|さけ}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|id|/sa.ke/}} * {{hyph|id|sa|ké}} ===名詞=== {{id-noun|pl=sake-sake}} # [[清酒]]，日本酒 ===拓展閲讀=== * {{R:KBBI Daring}} atzy3rciiv8871md7ty39swsvr12ohl 0 44762 9889927 9807395 2026-09-07T16:51:37Z TongcyDai 53191 9889927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Happy}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:happy|tree=1}} 源自{{der|en|enm|happy||幸運的，快樂的}}，可能是{{der|en|enm|happyn}}、{{m|enm|happen||幸運的，快樂的}} 的變體，可能與{{der|en|non|heppinn||幸運的，快樂的}} 相關或派生自該詞；並可能經過同化，等同於 {{af|en|hap<t:機會，運氣，好運>|-y<id:形容詞>}}。亦對照{{cog|is|heppinn||幸運的}}、{{cog|fo|heppin||幸運的，快樂的}}、{{cog|nn|heppen||幸運的}}、{{cog|sco|happin||幸運的，受祝福的}}。進一步詞源參見 {{m|en|hap}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈhæpi/|a=RP,GA,AU}} ** {{audio|en|En-uk-happy.ogg|a=RP}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-happy.wav|a=GA}} ** {{audio|en|en-us-happy.ogg|a=GA}} ** {{audio|en|en-au-happy.ogg|a=AU}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhapɪj/|a=SSB}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhape/|/ˈhapɪ/|/ˈhapi/|a=Scotland}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhɛpi/|a=NZ}} * {{hyphenation|en|hap|py}} * {{rhymes|en|æpi|s=2}} ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|er,more}} [[File:Happy men.jpg|thumb|People smile when they are '''happy'''<br/>人們'''快樂'''時會微笑]] # （源自對[[幸福]]或[[享受]]的感覺而）[[快樂]]的，[[高興]]的，[[幸福]]的；享受[[舒適]]、[[和平]]或[[寧靜]]等各種美好的事物；[[充滿]][[喜悅]]的，[[滿足]]的 #: {{syn|en|cheerful|content|delighted|elated|exultant|glad|joyful|jubilant|merry|Thesaurus:happy}} #: {{ant|en|blue|depressed|down|miserable|moody|morose|sad|unhappy|Thesaurus:sad}} #: {{ux|en|Music makes me feel '''happy'''.|音樂讓我感到'''快樂'''。}} #* {{RQ:Coverdale Bible|2 Chronicles|9|7|xcv|column=1|'''Happye''' are thy men, and '''happie''' are these thy seruantes{{…}}|t=你的屬下是'''有福的'''，你的這些僕人是'''有福的'''……}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Psalms|144|15||'''Happy''' is that people that is in such a case: yea, '''happy''' is that people, whose God is the Lord.|t=遇見這光景的百姓便為'''有福'''！有耶和華為他們的神，這百姓便為'''有福'''！{{small|（和合本）}}}} #* {{quote-book|en|1731|author=w:en:Thomas Bayes|title=Divine Benevolence|url=https://archive.org/details/DivineBenevolenceOrAnAttemptToProveThatThe/Bayes-DivineBenevolence-1731-BWOrig/page/n71/mode/2up|page=73|passage=For the moſt '''happy''' univerſe is not one that conſiſts of the greateſt poſſible number of the moſt '''happy''' beings only&nbsp;;{{…}}|location=w:en:London|t=因為最'''幸福'''的宇宙並不是僅由最大可能數量的最'''幸福'''存在所組成的宇宙；……}} #* {{RQ:Pope Essay on Man|epistle=II|page=17|passage=Whate’er the ''Paſſion'', Knowledge, Fame, or [[pelf|Pelf]],<br>Not one will change his Neighbour with himſelf.<br>The Learn’d are '''happy''', Nature to explore&nbsp;;<br>The Fool is '''happy''', that he knows no more&nbsp;;<br>The Rich are '''happy''' in the plenty given&nbsp;;<br>The Poor contents him with the Care of Heaven.|t=無論是激情、知識、名聲或財富，<br>沒有人願意與鄰居互換身份。<br>學者在探索自然中感到'''快樂'''；<br>愚者因一無所知而感到'''快樂'''；<br>富人因擁有豐盈的財富而'''快樂'''；<br>窮人因上天的眷顧而滿足。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1807||tlr=William Bridgman|chapter=That the Happy Man has Need of Worthy Friends|title=The Paraphrase of an Anonymous Greek Writer, (hitherto Published Under the Name of Andronicus Rhodius) on the {{w|lang=en|Nicomachean Ethics}} of {{w|lang=en|Aristotle}}|location=w:en:London|publisher=w:en:Charles Whittingham||section=book IX|page=415|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw_nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA415|oclc=3057125|passage=But since the '''happy''' are sufficient to themselves they have no need of friends; and hence it is said,{{pb}}“When Fortune’s goods abound, what boots a friend?“”{{pb}}Thus then it appears that the '''happy''' do not require friends.|t=但既然'''幸福的人'''能自給自足，他們就不需要朋友；因此有言道，{{pb}}「當命運賜予豐厚時，朋友又有何用？」{{pb}}由此看來，'''幸福的人'''並不需要朋友。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1829|author=w:en:Charles Knowlton|chapter=On the Passions|title=Elements of Modern Materialism: Inculcating the Idea of a Future State, in which All Will be More Happy, under whatever Circumstances They May be Placed than if They Experienced No Misery in this Life|location=[[w:en:Adams, Massachusetts|Adams]]|publisher=A. Oakey||page=324|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTM9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324|oclc=367405965|passage=While they are in this state striving perhaps to render their fellow beings more '''happy''', of whatever sect or denomination they may be, they meet with one or more persons who undertake to convert their mere cold belief in religious doctrines—which is at best little better than mere morality—into real effective religion, a religion that will move the tongue.|t=當他們處於這種狀態下，或許正努力讓同胞更加'''幸福'''，無論屬於哪個教派或宗派，他們都會遇到一兩個試圖將他們對宗教教義的冷淡信仰（這充其量只是單純的道德）轉化為真正有效的宗教，一種能感動人心的宗教的人。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1901|author=Edith Goodyear Alger|chapter=Roy’s Birthday|title=A Primer of Work and Play|location=w:en:Boston|publisher=w:en:D. C. Heath and Company||page=49|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=inu.30000114218161;orient=0;size=100;seq=57;num=49;attachment=0|oclc=2885602|passage=A '''happy''' birthday to you,<br>A '''happy''' birthday to you,<br>A '''happy''' birthday, dear Roy,<br>A '''happy''' birthday to you.|footer=<small>'''註'''：這是歌曲《{{w|祝你生日快樂}}》歌詞首次出現於印刷品中。</small>|t=祝你生日'''快樂'''，<br>祝你生日'''快樂'''，<br>生日'''快樂'''，親愛的羅伊，<br>祝你生日'''快樂'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1990|author=Peter Woods|chapter=Laughing at School|title=The '''Happiest''' Days?: How Pupils Cope With Schools|location=w:en:Basingstoke|publisher=The Falmer Press, {{w|lang=en|Taylor & Francis}}||page=182|isbn=9781850007302|passage=In different ways, therefore, for many pupils, whether they benefit greatly from the system, or just 'get by', or are 'bored stiff' by the lessons, or for the most part are completely rebellious, schooldays do often appear to be 'the '''happiest''' days'.|t=因此，對許多學生來說，無論他們是從體制中獲益良多，還是僅僅「得過且過」，或者對課程「無聊透頂」，亦或在大多數情況下完全叛逆，學生時代通常確實顯得是「最'''快樂的'''日子」。}} #* {{quote-song|en|author=w:en:Pharrell Williams|title=[[w:en:Happy (Pharrell Williams song)|Happy]]|album=[[w:en:Girl (Pharrell Williams album)|Girl]]|artist=w:en:Pharrell Williams|date=2013-11-21|passage=Because I’m '''happy'''<br>Clap along if you know what happiness is to you<br>Because I’m '''happy'''<br>Clap along if you feel like that’s what you wanna do|t=因為我很'''快樂'''<br>如果你知道幸福對你來說是什麼，就跟著拍手<br>因為我很'''快樂'''<br>如果你覺得這就是你想做的，就跟著拍手}} #* {{quote-book|en|2014|author=Erica Brown|chapter=Pondering the Afterlife|title=Happier Endings: A Meditation on Life and Death|location=w:en:New York|publisher=w:en:Simon & Schuster||page=49|isbn=9781451649222|passage=People who believe that a better life awaits us after this one would appear to have secured a '''happier''' ending, even before they come close to the end. There is little to be afraid of if you're armed with the promise of a wonderful future. Death is only a portal to greater joy.|t=那些相信死後有更好生活在等著我們的人，似乎在接近生命終點之前，就已經確保了一個更'''快樂的'''結局。如果你有美好未來的承諾作為武裝，就沒有什麼好害怕的。死亡不過是通往更大喜悅的門戶。}} # {{lb|en|指人}} [[幸運]]的，有[[福氣]]的，受到命運[[眷顧]]的 #: {{syn|en|fortunate|lucky|Thesaurus:lucky}} #: {{ant|en|unfortunate|unlucky}} #* {{quote-book|en|1661|author=w:en:Robert Boyle|chapter=The Conclusion|title=w:en:The Sceptical Chymist|location=w:en:London|publisher=J. Cadwell||page=429|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxhKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA429|oclc=4477054|passage={{...}} I think I may presume that what I have hitherto Diſcourſed will induce you to think, that Chymists have been much more '''happy''' in finding Experiments than the Cauſes of them; or in aſſigning the Principles by which they may beſt be explain’d.|t=……我想我可以冒昧地說，我剛才所講的內容將會使你認為，化學家在尋找實驗方面，比尋找實驗原因或指出能最好地解釋它們的原理方面，要'''幸運'''得多。}} #* {{RQ:Austen Northanger Abbey|I|XIV|256|passage="Historians, you think," said Miss Tilney, "are not '''happy''' in their flights of fancy. They display imagination without raising interest. {{nb...}}"|t=「你認為歷史學家，」蒂爾尼小姐說，「在他們天馬行空的想像上並不'''幸運'''。他們展現了想像力，卻沒有引起興趣。……」}} ## {{lb|en|古舊}} （死後）[[蒙]][[福]]的，[[得救]]的 ##* {{RQ:Tennyson In Memoriam|XLIII|66|passage=How fares it with the '''happy''' dead?|t='''蒙福的'''逝者境況如何？}} # [[樂意]]的，[[滿意]]的；沒有[[異議]]的 #: {{syn|en|pleased}} #: {{ant|en|disenchanted|dissatisfied}} #: {{ux|en|Are you '''happy''' to pay me back by the end of the week?|你'''樂意'''在週末前還我錢嗎？}} #: {{ux|en|Yes, I am '''happy''' with the decision.|是的，我對這個決定很'''滿意'''。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|1844|title=Patience and Perseverance|editor=[[w:en:Joseph Barker (minister)|Joseph Barker]]|journal=The Christian|location=w:en:London|publisher=[[w:en:Chapman & Hall|Chapman]]|volume=1|issue=14|page=314|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4AXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA314|oclc=8266193|passage=A Christian may be '''happier''' in low circumstances, than in high ones. He may be '''happier''' without rich friends, than with them. He may be '''happier''' in loneliness, than in a crowd of flatterers. He may be '''happier''' under reproach, than when riding on the spring-tide of popularity. He may be '''happier''' with hard work, than in a life of ease. He may be '''happier''' with coarse and scanty food, than with tables of luxury. He may be '''happier''' in sickness and persecution, than in health and quietness.|t=基督徒在低微的境況中，可能會比在高尚的境況中'''更滿足'''。他沒有富有的朋友，可能會比有富有的朋友'''更滿足'''。在孤獨中，他可能會比在奉承者的人群中'''更滿足'''。在受責備時，他可能會比在受歡迎的春潮上航行時'''更滿足'''。從事艱苦的工作，他可能會比過著安逸的生活'''更滿足'''。吃粗糙貧乏的食物，他可能會比面對奢華的餐桌'''更滿足'''。在疾病和迫害中，他可能會比在健康和平靜中'''更滿足'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|2007|author=Iver David Reingold|chapter=Substitution Reactions|title=Organic Chemistry, or, “The Happy Carbon”: An Introduction Emphasizing Biological Connections|location=w:en:Delhi|publisher=Indo American Books||page=308|isbn=9788189617394|passage=A strong acid is also a substance whose conjugate base (obviously a weak base) is quite '''happy''' with the excess electrons it got from that bond.|t=強酸也是一種物質，其共軛鹼（顯然是弱鹼）對從該鍵獲得的多餘電子相當'''滿意'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|2016|author=Imad A. Moosa|chapter=The Post-crisis Regulatory Landscape: An Overview|title=Contemporary Issues in the Post-crisis Regulatory Landscape|location=w:en:Singapore|publisher=w:en:World Scientific||page=8|isbn=9789813109285|passage=This wave of "financial innovation" led to rapid growth in subprime lending, which was enhanced on the demand side by the housing boom and general asset price bubble. While the party lasted everyone was '''happy'''. Mortgage lenders were '''happy''' to lend and keep subprime loans off their books via securitization. Issuers of ABSs were '''happy''' to get their commissions. Borrowers were '''happy''' to get loans without scrutiny. Investors were '''happy''' to acquire assets that were "risk-free" and offered a return of hundreds of basis points over that offered by US Treasuries.|t=這波「金融創新」導致次級貸款迅速增長，而房地產繁榮和總體資產價格泡沫則在需求端推波助瀾。在派對持續期間，每個人都很'''高興'''。抵押貸款機構很'''樂意'''放貸，並透過證券化將次級貸款移出資產負債表。資產支持證券（ABS）發行商很'''樂意'''獲得佣金。借款人很'''樂意'''在未經審查的情況下獲得貸款。投資者很'''樂意'''收購「無風險」且回報率比美國國債高出數百個基點的資產。}} # {{lb|en|指行為、事件、言語等}} [[適切]]的，[[恰當]]的；帶來[[好運]]的，[[幸運]]的 #: {{ant|en|inapt|unfelicitous|unfortunate|unpropitious}} #: {{co|en|'''happy''' coincidence|'''幸運的'''巧合}} #* {{quote-book|en|1792|author=James Thomson|chapter=Letter XXXI. 源自the Hon. Miss Wilton to Mr. Benfield.|title=The Denial; or, The Happy Retreat|edition=2nd corr.|location=w:en:London|volume=1||page=185|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0BWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA185|oclc=642654779|passage=The common privilege of your ſex affords you the '''happy''' opportunity of alleviating your ſorrows by communicating your ſentiments and feelings to some faithful friend; but to women, even this relief is rigidly denied, and, bound by the harſh reſtraints which the delicacy and reſerve of female natures have impoſed, I muſt bear the ſecret of my ſorrows with painful ſilence.|t=你們性別的共同特權為您提供了'''幸運的'''機會，可以透過向某個忠實的朋友傾訴自己的感觸和感受來減輕悲傷；但是對女性而言，我們卻被嚴厲地剝奪了這種慰藉，受制於女性天性中固有的矜持和保守的嚴苛限制，我必須在痛苦的沉默中默默承受悲傷的秘密。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1804|author=[James Stephen]|title=The Opportunity; or, Reasons for an Immediate Alliance with St. Domingo|location=w:en:London|publisher=w:en:Charles Whittingham||page=101|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMFeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA101|oclc=65238401|passage=You would, even by this most favourable result, be at best only replaced in the situation, and restored to the '''happy''' opportunity which you at present possess:{{…}}|t=即使在這種最有利的結果下，你充其量也只是被放回原來的位置，並恢復你目前所擁有的'''幸運'''機會：……}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Jean Baudrillard|tlr=Chris Turner|title=Cool Memories|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:en:Verso Books|year=1990|page=138|isbn=978-0-86091-500-3|passage=When happy events coincide, that is a '''happy''' coincidence. But the coincidence of baneful events is a '''happy''' coincidence too.|t=當快樂的事件巧合發生時，那是'''幸運的'''巧合。但災難性事件的巧合也是'''幸運的'''巧合。}} #* {{RQ:Fry Liar|41|passage=‘I had the '''happy''' notion of adding an egg,’ Williams shouted back. ‘It [[poach]]es in the soup. Not unlike an Italian ''[[stracciatella]]''. Singularly toothsome.{{nb...}}’|t=「我有一個加顆蛋的'''絕佳'''想法，」威廉斯大聲回應。「它會在湯裡煮成水波蛋。和義大利的『蛋花湯（stracciatella）』沒什麼不同。特別美味。……」}} #* {{quote-journal|en||date=2022-12-15|author=Samanth Subramanian|title=Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/15/dismantling-sellafield-epic-task-shutting-down-decomissioned-nuclear-site||passage=The UK’s earliest reactors – a type called Magnox – were set up to harvest plutonium for bombs; the electricity was a '''happy''' byproduct.|t=英國最早的核反應堆——一種被稱為鎂諾克斯（Magnox）的類型——是為了為炸彈收集鈽而設立的；而電力只是個'''幸運的'''副產品。}} # {{lb|en|作構詞成分}} [[動輒]]使用……的，對……過度[[狂熱]]的，[[傾向]]使用……的 #: {{ux|en|[[slaphappy|slap'''happy''']], [[trigger-happy|trigger-'''happy''']]|暈頭轉向的；動輒開槍的}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Dan Benson|chapter=Stupid Mistake #9: Following Fads vs. Staying the Course|title=12 Stupid Mistakes People Make with Their Money|location=Nashville, Tenn.|publisher=w:en:Thomas Nelson (publisher)|year=2002|page=128|isbn=978-0-8499-1681-6|passage=We live in a sue-'''happy''' society. If Santa slides off your roof and busts his tailbone, he could sue you, and probably will.|t=我們生活在一個動輒訴諸法律（sue-'''happy'''）的社會。如果聖誕老人從你家屋頂滑下來摔斷了尾骨，他可以起訴你，而且很可能真的會這麼做。}} #* {{quote-web|en|author=Jason Heller|title=[[w:en:The Darkness (band)|The Darkness]]: ''Hot Cakes'' [music review]|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-darkness-hot-cakes,84036/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824002343/http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-darkness-hot-cakes%2C84036/|archivedate=24 August 2012|work=w:en:The A.V. Club|date=21 August 2012|passage=“Baby, I was a loser / Several years on the dole / An Englishman with a very high voice / Doing rock ’n’ roll,” sings falsetto-'''happy''' frontman {{w|lang=en|Justin Hawkins}} at the start of “Every Inch Of You,” ''{{w|lang=en|Hot Cakes}}''’ opener.|t=「寶貝，我是個失敗者 / 好幾年都在領救濟金 / 一個聲音很高的英國人 / 玩著搖滾樂，」在《Hot Cakes》的開場曲〈Every Inch Of You〉開始時，這位動輒使用假音（falsetto-'''happy'''）的主唱賈斯汀·霍金斯（Justin Hawkins）唱道。}} # {{lb|en|罕用|指人|常接 {{m|en|at}} 或 {{m|en|in}}}} [[靈巧]]的，[[熟練]]的，[[得心應手]]的 #* {{quote-book|en|1761|author=Simon Wagstaff [pseudonym; w:en:Jonathan Swift]|title=w:en:A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation|location=w:en:Edinburgh|section=introduction|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/i/3lMJAAAAQAAJ|page=iii|passage=For inſtance, one lady can give an anſwer better than aſk a queſtion: one gentleman is '''happy''' at a reply; another excels in a rejoinder: one can revive a languiſhing converſation by a ſudden ſurpriſing ſentence; another is more dextrous in ſeconding; a third can fill the gap with laughing, or commending what has been ſaid.|t=例如，一位女士回答問題可能比提出問題更在行：一位紳士可能對回話很'''得心應手'''；另一位則擅長反駁：有人能用一句突如其來、令人驚訝的話語讓沉悶的對話重新活躍起來；另一個則更擅長附和；第三個人能用笑聲填補空白，或對剛剛所說的話表示讚賞。}} # {{n-g|暗示「祝您有一個快樂的……」或類似涵義；用於在節日、慶典或其他事件或活動時祝人幸福或好運的短語中。}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' birthday!|生日'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' Fourth of July!|美國國慶日'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' anniversary!|週年'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' job-hunting!|祝求職'''順利'''！}} ====用法說明==== * {{s|滿意的，喜悅的}} 用於指人、時間、時代、思想等。 * {{s|幸運的}} 用於指努力、權宜之計、預兆、冒險等。 ====其他形式==== * {{alt|en|happie||棄用}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en |belated happy birthday |dance-happy |demob-happy |fat and happy |First Happy Time |flag-happy |gate-happy |get happy |gun-happy |happification |happify |happiless |happily| you will own nothing and be happy |happiness|happy Thanksgiving |happy 4th |happy as a box of birds |happy as a clam|happy Ramadan |happy as a clam at high water |happy as a jaybird |happy as a lark |happy as a pig in mud |happy as a pig in shit|happy baby |happy as a possum up a gum tree |happy as a prince |happy as a sandboy|happy drunk |happy as Larry |happy belated birthday| happy waitress |happy birthday |happy birthday in heaven |happy bunny |happy button |happy camper |happy chappy|happy as a clam at high tide |happy clapper,happy-clappy |happycore |happy corner |happy days |happy day scenario |happy despatch |happy dispatch |happy Easter |happy ending |happy ever after |happy families |happy Fourth |happy gas |happy-go-lucky |Happy Hallow |happy Halloween |happy Hanukkah |happy hardcore |happy holidays |happy hour |happy hunting ground |happy Independence Day |happyish |Happy Jack |happy Kwanzaa |happy landing |happy landings |happy little vegemite |happy meal |happy medium |Happy Merchant |happy New Year |happy number |happyologist |happyology |happy panda |happy path |happy pill |happy place |happy puppet syndrome |happy sack |happy slap |happy slapper |happy slapping |happy snap |happy talk |Happy Time |happy to see someone |happy trail |happy trails |happy Valentine's Day |happy vowel |I hope you're happy |many happies |many happy returns |mishappiness |mishappy |nonhappy |not happy, Jan |one big happy family |overhappy |rock happy |Second Happy Time |semihappy |slap happy |slaphappy,slap-happy |snap-happy |space-happy |trigger-happy |trigger happy |you happy jiu OK }} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|tpi|hepi}} * {{desc|de|happy|bor=1}} * {{desc|cy|hapus|calq=1}} * {{desc|ja|ハッピー|tr=happī|bor=1}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{lb|en|非正式|罕用}} 快樂的[[事件]]、[[事物]]、[[人]]等。 #* {{quote-book|en|author=Lauri Coyle; w:en:Gail Hershatter; Emily Honig|chapter=‘Why Did I Put Up With It All These Years’: The Farah Strike|editor=Maxine Schwartz Seller|title=Immigrant Women|series=SUNY Series in Ethnicity and Race in American Life|edition=2nd rev.|location=Albany, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:SUNY Press|State University of New York Press]]|year=1994|page=290|isbn=978-0-7914-1903-8|passage=The strike split the Chicano community. Many workers at Farah crossed picket lines and continued to keep the plant operating. They were known as the "'''happies'''" because they wore buttons which featured a smiling face and the slogan, "I'm happy at Farah.&nbsp;…"|t=罷工分裂了奇卡諾人社區。許多在法拉（Farah）的工人越過糾察線，繼續保持工廠運轉。他們被稱為「'''快樂的人'''」，因為他們戴著印有笑臉和「我在法拉很開心」標語的徽章……}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|不及物|非正式}} 常接 {{m|en|up}}：變得[[高興]]；[[開朗]]起來，[[振作]]起來 #: {{syn|en|blithen|cheer up|chirk|liven up|perk up}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=John L. Bullion|chapter=Jokes|title=In the Boat with [[w:en:Lyndon B. Johnson|LBJ]]|location=Plano, Tex.|publisher=Republic of Texas Press|year=2001|page=294|isbn=978-1-55622-880-3|passage=Whenever I started drinking again after abstaining for any period of time, it usually was an effort to relieve stress and to "'''happy''' up."|t=每當我在禁酒一段時間後重新開始喝酒時，這通常是為了緩解壓力並「'''開心'''起來」。}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Wayne Kaatz|chapter=11|title=Stuck on Earth|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=[[w:en:Simon & Schuster|Archway Publishing]]|date=18 July 2016|isbn=978-1-4808-3280-0|passage=[H]e smiled {{...}} then asked my name. He checked it against his clipboard then sadly shook his head as if he'd been rejected himself. Told him I was looking for employment and he '''happied''' up again, able to help by directing me to apply at the front office, that the doors were on the Gower Street side.|t=他笑了……然後問我的名字。他對著剪貼板核對了一下，然後悲傷地搖了搖頭，彷彿他自己也被拒絕了一樣。告訴他我正在找工作，他又'''高興了'''起來，能夠透過指引我到前台申請來幫上忙，說門在嘉華街（Gower Street）那一側。}} # {{lb|en|及物|非正式}} 常接 {{m|en|up}}：使快樂；使[[開朗]]，使[[振奮]]，使[[活躍]] #: {{syn|en|bright|cheer up|happify|perk up|Thesaurus:gladden}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Mireille Juchau|chapter=Sanctuary|title=Burning In|location=Artarmon, N.S.W.|publisher={{w|lang=en|Giramondo Publishing}} for the Writing & Society Research Group, {{w|lang=en|University of Western Sydney}}|year=2007|page=201|isbn=978-1-920882-27-3|passage=People really didn't want their Party Motivators in their photos, anonymous dancers, '''happying''' up the place. It spooked them.|t=人們真的不希望他們的派對活躍氣氛者出現在他們的照片裡，那些不知名的舞者，把這地方弄得'''熱鬧開心'''。這讓他們感到害怕。}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Nickolas Martin|title=Ego Therapy: A Method for Healing Your Whole Self|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=Balboa Press, {{w|lang=en|Hay House}}|date=26 October 2015|isbn=978-1-5043-4282-7|passage={{...}} [[w:en:William Glasser|[William] Glasser]] would probably say that happy people are "'''happying'''" themselves by choosing behaviors that help them to feel happy (working at their relationships, engaging in productive work activities, participating in desired recreational activities, etc.).|t=……威廉·格拉瑟（William Glasser）可能會說，快樂的人正透過選擇有助於讓他們感到快樂的行為（努力經營人際關係、參與富有成效的工作活動、參加理想的休閒娛樂活動等）來「'''使自己快樂'''（happying）」。}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en|Happy (disambiguation)}} {{C|en|快樂|人格}} ==漢語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|zh|en|happy}}。 ===發音1=== {{zh-pron |c=hep1 pi2 |cat=v,c:a,c:adv }} ====動詞==== {{head|zh|動詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[娛樂]]，[[尋歡作樂]] # {{lb|zh|引申用於|_|香港粵語|_|其他地區為|_|新詞|委婉}} [[開]][[派對]]；[[做愛]] ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[#英語|快樂]]的 ====副詞==== {{head|zh|副詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[快樂]]地 ===發音2=== {{zh-pron |c=hep1 pi4 |cat=c:a,c:adv }} ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[#英語|快樂]]的；令人[[高興]]的；[[高興]]的 ====副詞==== {{head|zh|副詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[快樂]]地；令人[[高興]]地；[[高興]]地 ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Bauer 2021|page=434}} ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:bor|en:happy}} {{bor+|de|en|happy}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpi/}} * {{audio|de|De-happy.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # {{lb|de|口語|chiefly|predicative}} [[高興]]的；[[滿意]]的；一時[[快樂]]的 #* {{quote-journal|de|author=Johanna Pichler|title=Tausende protestieren gegen AfD-Parteitag: „Omas gegen rechts“ marschieren mit|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|date=2023-07-30|url=https://taz.de/!5947743/|issn=0931-9085|passage=Dass so viele Menschen gekommen sind, mache ihn „mega '''happy'''“.|t=這麼多人到來讓他「超級'''高興'''」。}} ====用法說明==== * 該德語詞是 {{m|de|froh||高興的，一時快樂的}} 的同義詞，而不是 {{m|de|glücklich||快樂的，既指一時也指生活中普遍的快樂}}。 * 在極少數情況下，此形容詞作定語時，原級 ''happy'' 通常不變格，而比較級形式則以正常方式變格。 ==中古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|enm|happi}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|enm|:af|hap|-y<id:形容詞>}} {{suffix|enm|hap|y}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|enm|/ˈhapiː/}} ===形容詞=== {{enm-adj}} # [[幸運]]的，[[繁榮]]的；受[[祝福]]的，被[[保佑]]的 ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|happy}} {{see desc}} * {{desc|yol|happie}} ====參考資料==== * {{R:MED Online|entry=happī|pos=adj. & adv|id=MED19956}} g414hqp43heujc5wagcoo54el1adnu2 9889931 9889927 2026-09-07T16:59:28Z TongcyDai 53191 9889931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Happy}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|en|:inh|enm:happy|tree=1}} 源自{{der|en|enm|happy||幸運的，快樂的}}，可能是{{der|en|enm|happyn}}、{{m|enm|happen||幸運的，快樂的}} 的變體，可能與{{der|en|non|heppinn||幸運的，快樂的}} 相關或派生自該詞；並可能經過同化，等同於 {{af|en|hap<t:機會，運氣，好運>|-y<id:形容詞>}}。亦對照{{cog|is|heppinn||幸運的}}、{{cog|fo|heppin||幸運的，快樂的}}、{{cog|nn|heppen||幸運的}}、{{cog|sco|happin||幸運的，受祝福的}}。進一步的詞源請參見 {{m|en|hap}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈhæpi/|a=RP,GA,AU}} ** {{audio|en|En-uk-happy.ogg|a=RP}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-happy.wav|a=GA}} ** {{audio|en|en-us-happy.ogg|a=GA}} ** {{audio|en|en-au-happy.ogg|a=AU}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhapɪj/|a=SSB}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhape/|/ˈhapɪ/|/ˈhapi/|a=Scotland}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈhɛpi/|a=NZ}} * {{hyphenation|en|hap|py}} * {{rhymes|en|æpi|s=2}} ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|er,more}} [[File:Happy men.jpg|thumb|People smile when they are '''happy'''<br/>人們'''快樂'''時會微笑]] # （源自對[[幸福]]或[[享受]]的感覺而）[[快樂]]的，[[高興]]的，[[幸福]]的；享受[[舒適]]、[[和平]]或[[寧靜]]等各種美好的事物；[[充滿]][[喜悅]]的，[[滿足]]的 #: {{syn|en|cheerful|content|delighted|elated|exultant|glad|joyful|jubilant|merry|Thesaurus:happy}} #: {{ant|en|blue|depressed|down|miserable|moody|morose|sad|unhappy|Thesaurus:sad}} #: {{ux|en|Music makes me feel '''happy'''.|音樂讓我感到'''快樂'''。}} #* {{RQ:Coverdale Bible|2 Chronicles|9|7|xcv|column=1|'''Happye''' are thy men, and '''happie''' are these thy seruantes{{…}}|t=你的屬下是'''有福的'''，你的這些僕人是'''有福的'''……}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Psalms|144|15||'''Happy''' is that people that is in such a case: yea, '''happy''' is that people, whose God is the Lord.|t=遇見這光景的百姓便為'''有福'''！有耶和華為他們的神，這百姓便為'''有福'''！{{small|（和合本）}}}} #* {{quote-book|en|1731|author=w:en:Thomas Bayes|title=Divine Benevolence|url=https://archive.org/details/DivineBenevolenceOrAnAttemptToProveThatThe/Bayes-DivineBenevolence-1731-BWOrig/page/n71/mode/2up|page=73|passage=For the moſt '''happy''' univerſe is not one that conſiſts of the greateſt poſſible number of the moſt '''happy''' beings only&nbsp;;{{…}}|location=w:en:London|t=因為最'''幸福'''的宇宙並不是僅由最大可能數量的最'''幸福'''存在所組成的宇宙；……}} #* {{RQ:Pope Essay on Man|epistle=II|page=17|passage=Whate’er the ''Paſſion'', Knowledge, Fame, or [[pelf|Pelf]],<br>Not one will change his Neighbour with himſelf.<br>The Learn’d are '''happy''', Nature to explore&nbsp;;<br>The Fool is '''happy''', that he knows no more&nbsp;;<br>The Rich are '''happy''' in the plenty given&nbsp;;<br>The Poor contents him with the Care of Heaven.|t=無論是激情、知識、名聲或財富，<br>沒有人願意與鄰居互換身份。<br>學者在探索自然中感到'''快樂'''；<br>愚者因一無所知而感到'''快樂'''；<br>富人因擁有豐盈的財富而'''快樂'''；<br>窮人因上天的眷顧而滿足。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1807||tlr=William Bridgman|chapter=That the Happy Man has Need of Worthy Friends|title=The Paraphrase of an Anonymous Greek Writer, (hitherto Published Under the Name of Andronicus Rhodius) on the {{w|lang=en|Nicomachean Ethics}} of {{w|lang=en|Aristotle}}|location=w:en:London|publisher=w:en:Charles Whittingham||section=book IX|page=415|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw_nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA415|oclc=3057125|passage=But since the '''happy''' are sufficient to themselves they have no need of friends; and hence it is said,{{pb}}“When Fortune’s goods abound, what boots a friend?“”{{pb}}Thus then it appears that the '''happy''' do not require friends.|t=但既然'''幸福的人'''能自給自足，他們就不需要朋友；因此有言道，{{pb}}「當命運賜予豐厚時，朋友又有何用？」{{pb}}由此看來，'''幸福的人'''並不需要朋友。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1829|author=w:en:Charles Knowlton|chapter=On the Passions|title=Elements of Modern Materialism: Inculcating the Idea of a Future State, in which All Will be More Happy, under whatever Circumstances They May be Placed than if They Experienced No Misery in this Life|location=[[w:en:Adams, Massachusetts|Adams]]|publisher=A. Oakey||page=324|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTM9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA324|oclc=367405965|passage=While they are in this state striving perhaps to render their fellow beings more '''happy''', of whatever sect or denomination they may be, they meet with one or more persons who undertake to convert their mere cold belief in religious doctrines—which is at best little better than mere morality—into real effective religion, a religion that will move the tongue.|t=當他們處於這種狀態下，或許正努力讓同胞更加'''幸福'''，無論屬於哪個教派或宗派，他們都會遇到一兩個試圖將他們對宗教教義的冷淡信仰（這充其量只是單純的道德）轉化為真正有效的宗教，一種能感動人心的宗教的人。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1901|author=Edith Goodyear Alger|chapter=Roy’s Birthday|title=A Primer of Work and Play|location=w:en:Boston|publisher=w:en:D. C. Heath and Company||page=49|pageurl=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=inu.30000114218161;orient=0;size=100;seq=57;num=49;attachment=0|oclc=2885602|passage=A '''happy''' birthday to you,<br>A '''happy''' birthday to you,<br>A '''happy''' birthday, dear Roy,<br>A '''happy''' birthday to you.|footer=<small>'''註'''：這是歌曲《{{w|祝你生日快樂}}》歌詞首次出現於印刷品中。</small>|t=祝你生日'''快樂'''，<br>祝你生日'''快樂'''，<br>生日'''快樂'''，親愛的羅伊，<br>祝你生日'''快樂'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1990|author=Peter Woods|chapter=Laughing at School|title=The '''Happiest''' Days?: How Pupils Cope With Schools|location=w:en:Basingstoke|publisher=The Falmer Press, {{w|lang=en|Taylor & Francis}}||page=182|isbn=9781850007302|passage=In different ways, therefore, for many pupils, whether they benefit greatly from the system, or just 'get by', or are 'bored stiff' by the lessons, or for the most part are completely rebellious, schooldays do often appear to be 'the '''happiest''' days'.|t=因此，對許多學生來說，無論他們是從體制中獲益良多，還是僅僅「得過且過」，或者對課程「無聊透頂」，亦或在大多數情況下完全叛逆，學生時代通常確實顯得是「最'''快樂的'''日子」。}} #* {{quote-song|en|author=w:en:Pharrell Williams|title=[[w:en:Happy (Pharrell Williams song)|Happy]]|album=[[w:en:Girl (Pharrell Williams album)|Girl]]|artist=w:en:Pharrell Williams|date=2013-11-21|passage=Because I’m '''happy'''<br>Clap along if you know what happiness is to you<br>Because I’m '''happy'''<br>Clap along if you feel like that’s what you wanna do|t=因為我很'''快樂'''<br>如果你知道幸福對你來說是什麼，就跟著拍手<br>因為我很'''快樂'''<br>如果你覺得這就是你想做的，就跟著拍手}} #* {{quote-book|en|2014|author=Erica Brown|chapter=Pondering the Afterlife|title=Happier Endings: A Meditation on Life and Death|location=w:en:New York|publisher=w:en:Simon & Schuster||page=49|isbn=9781451649222|passage=People who believe that a better life awaits us after this one would appear to have secured a '''happier''' ending, even before they come close to the end. There is little to be afraid of if you're armed with the promise of a wonderful future. Death is only a portal to greater joy.|t=那些相信死後有更好生活在等著我們的人，似乎在接近生命終點之前，就已經確保了一個更'''快樂的'''結局。如果你有美好未來的承諾作為武裝，就沒有什麼好害怕的。死亡不過是通往更大喜悅的門戶。}} # {{lb|en|指人}} [[幸運]]的，有[[福氣]]的，受到命運[[眷顧]]的 #: {{syn|en|fortunate|lucky|Thesaurus:lucky}} #: {{ant|en|unfortunate|unlucky}} #* {{quote-book|en|1661|author=w:en:Robert Boyle|chapter=The Conclusion|title=w:en:The Sceptical Chymist|location=w:en:London|publisher=J. Cadwell||page=429|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxhKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA429|oclc=4477054|passage={{...}} I think I may presume that what I have hitherto Diſcourſed will induce you to think, that Chymists have been much more '''happy''' in finding Experiments than the Cauſes of them; or in aſſigning the Principles by which they may beſt be explain’d.|t=……我想我可以冒昧地說，我剛才所講的內容將會使你認為，化學家在尋找實驗方面，比尋找實驗原因或指出能最好地解釋它們的原理方面，要'''幸運'''得多。}} #* {{RQ:Austen Northanger Abbey|I|XIV|256|passage="Historians, you think," said Miss Tilney, "are not '''happy''' in their flights of fancy. They display imagination without raising interest. {{nb...}}"|t=「你認為歷史學家，」蒂爾尼小姐說，「在他們天馬行空的想像上並不'''幸運'''。他們展現了想像力，卻沒有引起興趣。……」}} ## {{lb|en|古舊}} （死後）[[蒙]][[福]]的，[[得救]]的 ##* {{RQ:Tennyson In Memoriam|XLIII|66|passage=How fares it with the '''happy''' dead?|t='''蒙福的'''逝者境況如何？}} # [[樂意]]的，[[滿意]]的；沒有[[異議]]的 #: {{syn|en|pleased}} #: {{ant|en|disenchanted|dissatisfied}} #: {{ux|en|Are you '''happy''' to pay me back by the end of the week?|你'''樂意'''在週末前還我錢嗎？}} #: {{ux|en|Yes, I am '''happy''' with the decision.|是的，我對這個決定很'''滿意'''。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|1844|title=Patience and Perseverance|editor=[[w:en:Joseph Barker (minister)|Joseph Barker]]|journal=The Christian|location=w:en:London|publisher=[[w:en:Chapman & Hall|Chapman]]|volume=1|issue=14|page=314|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4AXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA314|oclc=8266193|passage=A Christian may be '''happier''' in low circumstances, than in high ones. He may be '''happier''' without rich friends, than with them. He may be '''happier''' in loneliness, than in a crowd of flatterers. He may be '''happier''' under reproach, than when riding on the spring-tide of popularity. He may be '''happier''' with hard work, than in a life of ease. He may be '''happier''' with coarse and scanty food, than with tables of luxury. He may be '''happier''' in sickness and persecution, than in health and quietness.|t=基督徒在低微的境況中，可能會比在高尚的境況中'''更滿足'''。他沒有富有的朋友，可能會比有富有的朋友'''更滿足'''。在孤獨中，他可能會比在奉承者的人群中'''更滿足'''。在受責備時，他可能會比在受歡迎的春潮上航行時'''更滿足'''。從事艱苦的工作，他可能會比過著安逸的生活'''更滿足'''。吃粗糙貧乏的食物，他可能會比面對奢華的餐桌'''更滿足'''。在疾病和迫害中，他可能會比在健康和平靜中'''更滿足'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|2007|author=Iver David Reingold|chapter=Substitution Reactions|title=Organic Chemistry, or, “The Happy Carbon”: An Introduction Emphasizing Biological Connections|location=w:en:Delhi|publisher=Indo American Books||page=308|isbn=9788189617394|passage=A strong acid is also a substance whose conjugate base (obviously a weak base) is quite '''happy''' with the excess electrons it got from that bond.|t=強酸也是一種物質，其共軛鹼（顯然是弱鹼）對從該鍵獲得的多餘電子相當'''滿意'''。}} #* {{quote-book|en|2016|author=Imad A. Moosa|chapter=The Post-crisis Regulatory Landscape: An Overview|title=Contemporary Issues in the Post-crisis Regulatory Landscape|location=w:en:Singapore|publisher=w:en:World Scientific||page=8|isbn=9789813109285|passage=This wave of "financial innovation" led to rapid growth in subprime lending, which was enhanced on the demand side by the housing boom and general asset price bubble. While the party lasted everyone was '''happy'''. Mortgage lenders were '''happy''' to lend and keep subprime loans off their books via securitization. Issuers of ABSs were '''happy''' to get their commissions. Borrowers were '''happy''' to get loans without scrutiny. Investors were '''happy''' to acquire assets that were "risk-free" and offered a return of hundreds of basis points over that offered by US Treasuries.|t=這波「金融創新」導致次級貸款迅速增長，而房地產繁榮和總體資產價格泡沫則在需求端推波助瀾。在派對持續期間，每個人都很'''高興'''。抵押貸款機構很'''樂意'''放貸，並透過證券化將次級貸款移出資產負債表。資產支持證券（ABS）發行商很'''樂意'''獲得佣金。借款人很'''樂意'''在未經審查的情況下獲得貸款。投資者很'''樂意'''收購「無風險」且回報率比美國國債高出數百個基點的資產。}} # {{lb|en|指行為、事件、言語等}} [[適切]]的，[[恰當]]的；帶來[[好運]]的，[[幸運]]的 #: {{ant|en|inapt|unfelicitous|unfortunate|unpropitious}} #: {{co|en|'''happy''' coincidence|'''幸運的'''巧合}} #* {{quote-book|en|1792|author=James Thomson|chapter=Letter XXXI. 源自the Hon. Miss Wilton to Mr. Benfield.|title=The Denial; or, The Happy Retreat|edition=2nd corr.|location=w:en:London|volume=1||page=185|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0BWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA185|oclc=642654779|passage=The common privilege of your ſex affords you the '''happy''' opportunity of alleviating your ſorrows by communicating your ſentiments and feelings to some faithful friend; but to women, even this relief is rigidly denied, and, bound by the harſh reſtraints which the delicacy and reſerve of female natures have impoſed, I muſt bear the ſecret of my ſorrows with painful ſilence.|t=你們性別的共同特權為您提供了'''幸運的'''機會，可以透過向某個忠實的朋友傾訴自己的感觸和感受來減輕悲傷；但是對女性而言，我們卻被嚴厲地剝奪了這種慰藉，受制於女性天性中固有的矜持和保守的嚴苛限制，我必須在痛苦的沉默中默默承受悲傷的秘密。}} #* {{quote-book|en|1804|author=[James Stephen]|title=The Opportunity; or, Reasons for an Immediate Alliance with St. Domingo|location=w:en:London|publisher=w:en:Charles Whittingham||page=101|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMFeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA101|oclc=65238401|passage=You would, even by this most favourable result, be at best only replaced in the situation, and restored to the '''happy''' opportunity which you at present possess:{{…}}|t=即使在這種最有利的結果下，你充其量也只是被放回原來的位置，並恢復你目前所擁有的'''幸運'''機會：……}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Jean Baudrillard|tlr=Chris Turner|title=Cool Memories|location=London; New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:en:Verso Books|year=1990|page=138|isbn=978-0-86091-500-3|passage=When happy events coincide, that is a '''happy''' coincidence. But the coincidence of baneful events is a '''happy''' coincidence too.|t=當快樂的事件巧合發生時，那是'''幸運的'''巧合。但災難性事件的巧合也是'''幸運的'''巧合。}} #* {{RQ:Fry Liar|41|passage=‘I had the '''happy''' notion of adding an egg,’ Williams shouted back. ‘It [[poach]]es in the soup. Not unlike an Italian ''[[stracciatella]]''. Singularly toothsome.{{nb...}}’|t=「我有一個加顆蛋的'''絕佳'''想法，」威廉斯大聲回應。「它會在湯裡煮成水波蛋。和義大利的『蛋花湯（stracciatella）』沒什麼不同。特別美味。……」}} #* {{quote-journal|en||date=2022-12-15|author=Samanth Subramanian|title=Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/15/dismantling-sellafield-epic-task-shutting-down-decomissioned-nuclear-site||passage=The UK’s earliest reactors – a type called Magnox – were set up to harvest plutonium for bombs; the electricity was a '''happy''' byproduct.|t=英國最早的核反應堆——一種被稱為鎂諾克斯（Magnox）的類型——是為了為炸彈收集鈽而設立的；而電力只是個'''幸運的'''副產品。}} # {{lb|en|作構詞成分}} [[動輒]]使用……的，對……過度[[狂熱]]的，[[傾向]]使用……的 #: {{ux|en|[[slaphappy|slap'''happy''']], [[trigger-happy|trigger-'''happy''']]|暈頭轉向的；動輒開槍的}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Dan Benson|chapter=Stupid Mistake #9: Following Fads vs. Staying the Course|title=12 Stupid Mistakes People Make with Their Money|location=Nashville, Tenn.|publisher=w:en:Thomas Nelson (publisher)|year=2002|page=128|isbn=978-0-8499-1681-6|passage=We live in a sue-'''happy''' society. If Santa slides off your roof and busts his tailbone, he could sue you, and probably will.|t=我們生活在一個動輒訴諸法律（sue-'''happy'''）的社會。如果聖誕老人從你家屋頂滑下來摔斷了尾骨，他可以起訴你，而且很可能真的會這麼做。}} #* {{quote-web|en|author=Jason Heller|title=[[w:en:The Darkness (band)|The Darkness]]: ''Hot Cakes'' [music review]|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-darkness-hot-cakes,84036/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824002343/http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-darkness-hot-cakes%2C84036/|archivedate=24 August 2012|work=w:en:The A.V. Club|date=21 August 2012|passage=“Baby, I was a loser / Several years on the dole / An Englishman with a very high voice / Doing rock ’n’ roll,” sings falsetto-'''happy''' frontman {{w|lang=en|Justin Hawkins}} at the start of “Every Inch Of You,” ''{{w|lang=en|Hot Cakes}}''’ opener.|t=「寶貝，我是個失敗者 / 好幾年都在領救濟金 / 一個聲音很高的英國人 / 玩著搖滾樂，」在《Hot Cakes》的開場曲〈Every Inch Of You〉開始時，這位動輒使用假音（falsetto-'''happy'''）的主唱賈斯汀·霍金斯（Justin Hawkins）唱道。}} # {{lb|en|罕用|指人|常接 {{m|en|at}} 或 {{m|en|in}}}} [[靈巧]]的，[[熟練]]的，[[得心應手]]的 #* {{quote-book|en|1761|author=Simon Wagstaff [pseudonym; w:en:Jonathan Swift]|title=w:en:A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation|location=w:en:Edinburgh|section=introduction|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/i/3lMJAAAAQAAJ|page=iii|passage=For inſtance, one lady can give an anſwer better than aſk a queſtion: one gentleman is '''happy''' at a reply; another excels in a rejoinder: one can revive a languiſhing converſation by a ſudden ſurpriſing ſentence; another is more dextrous in ſeconding; a third can fill the gap with laughing, or commending what has been ſaid.|t=例如，一位女士回答問題可能比提出問題更在行：一位紳士可能對回話很'''得心應手'''；另一位則擅長反駁：有人能用一句突如其來、令人驚訝的話語讓沉悶的對話重新活躍起來；另一個則更擅長附和；第三個人能用笑聲填補空白，或對剛剛所說的話表示讚賞。}} # {{n-g|暗示「祝您有一個快樂的……」或類似涵義；用於在節日、慶典或其他事件或活動時祝人幸福或好運的短語中。}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' birthday!|生日'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' Fourth of July!|美國國慶日'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' anniversary!|週年'''快樂'''！}} #: {{ux|en|'''Happy''' job-hunting!|祝求職'''順利'''！}} ====用法說明==== * {{s|滿意的，喜悅的}} 用於指人、時間、時代、思想等。 * {{s|幸運的}} 用於指努力、權宜之計、預兆、冒險等。 ====其他形式==== * {{alt|en|happie||棄用}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en |belated happy birthday |dance-happy |demob-happy |fat and happy |First Happy Time |flag-happy |gate-happy |get happy |gun-happy |happification |happify |happiless |happily| you will own nothing and be happy |happiness|happy Thanksgiving |happy 4th |happy as a box of birds |happy as a clam|happy Ramadan |happy as a clam at high water |happy as a jaybird |happy as a lark |happy as a pig in mud |happy as a pig in shit|happy baby |happy as a possum up a gum tree |happy as a prince |happy as a sandboy|happy drunk |happy as Larry |happy belated birthday| happy waitress |happy birthday |happy birthday in heaven |happy bunny |happy button |happy camper |happy chappy|happy as a clam at high tide |happy clapper,happy-clappy |happycore |happy corner |happy days |happy day scenario |happy despatch |happy dispatch |happy Easter |happy ending |happy ever after |happy families |happy Fourth |happy gas |happy-go-lucky |Happy Hallow |happy Halloween |happy Hanukkah |happy hardcore |happy holidays |happy hour |happy hunting ground |happy Independence Day |happyish |Happy Jack |happy Kwanzaa |happy landing |happy landings |happy little vegemite |happy meal |happy medium |Happy Merchant |happy New Year |happy number |happyologist |happyology |happy panda |happy path |happy pill |happy place |happy puppet syndrome |happy sack |happy slap |happy slapper |happy slapping |happy snap |happy talk |Happy Time |happy to see someone |happy trail |happy trails |happy Valentine's Day |happy vowel |I hope you're happy |many happies |many happy returns |mishappiness |mishappy |nonhappy |not happy, Jan |one big happy family |overhappy |rock happy |Second Happy Time |semihappy |slap happy |slaphappy,slap-happy |snap-happy |space-happy |trigger-happy |trigger happy |you happy jiu OK }} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|tpi|hepi}} * {{desc|de|happy|bor=1}} * {{desc|cy|hapus|calq=1}} * {{desc|ja|ハッピー|tr=happī|bor=1}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{lb|en|非正式|罕用}} 快樂的[[事件]]、[[事物]]、[[人]]等。 #* {{quote-book|en|author=Lauri Coyle; w:en:Gail Hershatter; Emily Honig|chapter=‘Why Did I Put Up With It All These Years’: The Farah Strike|editor=Maxine Schwartz Seller|title=Immigrant Women|series=SUNY Series in Ethnicity and Race in American Life|edition=2nd rev.|location=Albany, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:SUNY Press|State University of New York Press]]|year=1994|page=290|isbn=978-0-7914-1903-8|passage=The strike split the Chicano community. Many workers at Farah crossed picket lines and continued to keep the plant operating. They were known as the "'''happies'''" because they wore buttons which featured a smiling face and the slogan, "I'm happy at Farah.&nbsp;…"|t=罷工分裂了奇卡諾人社區。許多在法拉（Farah）的工人越過糾察線，繼續保持工廠運轉。他們被稱為「'''快樂的人'''」，因為他們戴著印有笑臉和「我在法拉很開心」標語的徽章……}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|不及物|非正式}} 常接 {{m|en|up}}：變得[[高興]]；[[開朗]]起來，[[振作]]起來 #: {{syn|en|blithen|cheer up|chirk|liven up|perk up}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=John L. Bullion|chapter=Jokes|title=In the Boat with [[w:en:Lyndon B. Johnson|LBJ]]|location=Plano, Tex.|publisher=Republic of Texas Press|year=2001|page=294|isbn=978-1-55622-880-3|passage=Whenever I started drinking again after abstaining for any period of time, it usually was an effort to relieve stress and to "'''happy''' up."|t=每當我在禁酒一段時間後重新開始喝酒時，這通常是為了緩解壓力並「'''開心'''起來」。}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Wayne Kaatz|chapter=11|title=Stuck on Earth|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=[[w:en:Simon & Schuster|Archway Publishing]]|date=18 July 2016|isbn=978-1-4808-3280-0|passage=[H]e smiled {{...}} then asked my name. He checked it against his clipboard then sadly shook his head as if he'd been rejected himself. Told him I was looking for employment and he '''happied''' up again, able to help by directing me to apply at the front office, that the doors were on the Gower Street side.|t=他笑了……然後問我的名字。他對著剪貼板核對了一下，然後悲傷地搖了搖頭，彷彿他自己也被拒絕了一樣。告訴他我正在找工作，他又'''高興了'''起來，能夠透過指引我到前台申請來幫上忙，說門在嘉華街（Gower Street）那一側。}} # {{lb|en|及物|非正式}} 常接 {{m|en|up}}：使快樂；使[[開朗]]，使[[振奮]]，使[[活躍]] #: {{syn|en|bright|cheer up|happify|perk up|Thesaurus:gladden}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=w:en:Mireille Juchau|chapter=Sanctuary|title=Burning In|location=Artarmon, N.S.W.|publisher={{w|lang=en|Giramondo Publishing}} for the Writing & Society Research Group, {{w|lang=en|University of Western Sydney}}|year=2007|page=201|isbn=978-1-920882-27-3|passage=People really didn't want their Party Motivators in their photos, anonymous dancers, '''happying''' up the place. It spooked them.|t=人們真的不希望他們的派對活躍氣氛者出現在他們的照片裡，那些不知名的舞者，把這地方弄得'''熱鬧開心'''。這讓他們感到害怕。}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Nickolas Martin|title=Ego Therapy: A Method for Healing Your Whole Self|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=Balboa Press, {{w|lang=en|Hay House}}|date=26 October 2015|isbn=978-1-5043-4282-7|passage={{...}} [[w:en:William Glasser|[William] Glasser]] would probably say that happy people are "'''happying'''" themselves by choosing behaviors that help them to feel happy (working at their relationships, engaging in productive work activities, participating in desired recreational activities, etc.).|t=……威廉·格拉瑟（William Glasser）可能會說，快樂的人正透過選擇有助於讓他們感到快樂的行為（努力經營人際關係、參與富有成效的工作活動、參加理想的休閒娛樂活動等）來「'''使自己快樂'''（happying）」。}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en|Happy (disambiguation)}} {{C|en|快樂|人格}} ==漢語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|zh|en|happy}}。 ===發音1=== {{zh-pron |c=hep1 pi2 |cat=v,c:a,c:adv }} ====動詞==== {{head|zh|動詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[娛樂]]，[[尋歡作樂]] # {{lb|zh|引申用於|_|香港粵語|_|其他地區為|_|新詞|委婉}} [[開]][[派對]]；[[做愛]] ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[#英語|快樂]]的 ====副詞==== {{head|zh|副詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[快樂]]地 ===發音2=== {{zh-pron |c=hep1 pi4 |cat=c:a,c:adv }} ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[#英語|快樂]]的；令人[[高興]]的；[[高興]]的 ====副詞==== {{head|zh|副詞}} # {{lb|zh|香港粵語}} [[快樂]]地；令人[[高興]]地；[[高興]]地 ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Bauer 2021|page=434}} ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:bor|en:happy}} {{bor+|de|en|happy}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpi/}} * {{audio|de|De-happy.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # {{lb|de|口語|chiefly|predicative}} [[高興]]的；[[滿意]]的；一時[[快樂]]的 #* {{quote-journal|de|author=Johanna Pichler|title=Tausende protestieren gegen AfD-Parteitag: „Omas gegen rechts“ marschieren mit|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|date=2023-07-30|url=https://taz.de/!5947743/|issn=0931-9085|passage=Dass so viele Menschen gekommen sind, mache ihn „mega '''happy'''“.|t=這麼多人到來讓他「超級'''高興'''」。}} ====用法說明==== * 該德語詞是 {{m|de|froh||高興的，一時快樂的}} 的同義詞，而不是 {{m|de|glücklich||快樂的，既指一時也指生活中普遍的快樂}}。 * 在極少數情況下，此形容詞作定語時，原級 ''happy'' 通常不變格，而比較級形式則以正常方式變格。 ==中古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|enm|happi}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|enm|:af|hap|-y<id:形容詞>}} {{suffix|enm|hap|y}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|enm|/ˈhapiː/}} ===形容詞=== {{enm-adj}} # [[幸運]]的，[[繁榮]]的；受[[祝福]]的，被[[保佑]]的 ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|happy}} {{see desc}} * {{desc|yol|happie}} ====參考資料==== * {{R:MED Online|entry=happī|pos=adj. & adv|id=MED19956}} oe7lssynyltywsu0nr48hxbjbnr1qjn 0 60656 9890380 9575961 2026-09-08T08:20:57Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Prim|prím|Prìm|prím-|přím}} ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/pɹɪm/|[pʰɹ̠̊ɪm]}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-prim.wav|音頻（英格蘭南部）}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪm|s=1}} ===詞源 1=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}} 源自 {{der|en|oc-pro|prim|t=細膩、優秀}}，源自{{der|en|fro|prim}}，{{m|fro|prin}}，源自{{lena}} {{der|en|la|primus|t=首先}}。{{doublet|en|prime}}。 ====形容詞==== {{en-adj|er}} # 拘謹的 #* {{quote-book |en |year=1986 |author=w:John le Carré |title=w:A Perfect Spy |section= |passage= God damn it, what does she want of me, this sad, beautiful bridgeplayer of the Fifth Floor, with her air of lost love and her '''prim''' carnality? After seven years of her, Brotherhood still had no idea. He'd be out touring the stations, he'd be in Bongabonga land. He'd not speak or write to her for months. Yet he'd hardly unpacked his toothbrush before she was in his arms, demanding him with her sad and hungry eyes.}} # 正式的；精確的；故作整潔或漂亮 #: {{ux|en|'''prim''' regularity; a '''prim''' person}} =====衍生術語===== * {{l|en|prim and proper}} * {{l|en|prissy}} ====動詞==== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|過時}} 矯飾地精確或恰當。 # {{lb|en|過時}} 穿著得體或舉止得體。 ===詞源 2=== 不詳；見 {{m|en|privet}}。 ====名詞==== {{en-noun|?}} # {{lb|en|植物學}} [[女貞]] 6dtiifkw29lot9aq9qoy4jl3wrtwm59 0 72801 9889999 8442558 2026-09-07T22:08:49Z Apisite 85347 /* 英語 */ 更新發音 9889999 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwʊd/|/dɛdˈwʊd/|a=RP,GA,CA}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deadwood.wav|a=US}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwɵd/|/dɛdˈwɵd/|a=SSB}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdedwʊd/|/dedˈwʊd/|a=AU!Australia,NZ}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwʉd/|/dɛdˈwʉd/|a=Scotland,NI}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛdwʊd|ʊd|s1=2|s2=1}} :'''deadwood''' #[[枯枝]] #[[无用的人或物]] [[Category:英语名词]] [[Category:待分類的英語詞]] [[Category:英語]] [[分类:拉丁文字]] ssm15jg5n6tssbn6zou5fphxhiutx5u 9890000 9889999 2026-09-07T22:09:44Z Apisite 85347 + 參見模板 9890000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|dead wood|Deadwood}} ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwʊd/|/dɛdˈwʊd/|a=RP,GA,CA}} ** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deadwood.wav|a=US}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwɵd/|/dɛdˈwɵd/|a=SSB}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdedwʊd/|/dedˈwʊd/|a=AU!Australia,NZ}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛdwʉd/|/dɛdˈwʉd/|a=Scotland,NI}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛdwʊd|ʊd|s1=2|s2=1}} :'''deadwood''' #[[枯枝]] #[[无用的人或物]] [[Category:英语名词]] [[Category:待分類的英語詞]] [[Category:英語]] [[分类:拉丁文字]] n8mjmkea84lzkq341j5t7o8x7c7llmt 0 117319 9890483 8508959 2026-09-08T11:15:37Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ + 粵語音頻鏈接 9890483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|基督敎}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|t2=基督敎|type=21}} {{zh-wp|zh|yue|lzh|gan|hak:Kî-tuk-kau|cdo:Gĭ-dók-gáu|nan:Ki-tok-kàu|wuu}} ===詞源=== {{obor|zh|ja|基督教|tr=Kirisuto-kyō}}<ref>{{cite-book|year=1984|title={{lang|zh|汉语外来词词典}}|page=148|lang=zh}}</ref>。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Jīdūjiào |c=gei1 duk1 gaau3 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-基督教.wav |c-t=gei1 uuk2 gau1 |h=pfs=Kî-tuk-kau;gd=gi1 dug5 gau4 |md=Gĭ-dók-gáu |mn=ml,tw,sg,ph:Ki-tok-kàu/ly:Ki-tu-kiàu |mn-t=gi1 dog4 ga3 |w=sh:1ci toq ciau |cat=pn }} ===專有名詞=== {{head|zh|專有名詞}} # 信仰[[耶穌基督]]為[[神]]之[[子]]與[[救世主]]（[[彌賽亞]]）的[[一神教]]，起源於[[公元]]一世紀 # {{lb|zh|特指}} [[新教]]，[[基督新教]] #* {{zh-x|中國 宗教徒 信奉 的 主要 有 佛教、道教、伊斯蘭教、天主教 和 基督教。||ref='''1997''', {{lw|zh|中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室}}、{{lw|zh|s:中国的宗教信仰自由状况|《中国的宗教信仰自由状况》白皮书}}}} #* {{zh-x|在 @1950、@1960 年代，基督教 及{kap6} 天主教 團體 積極 參與 興建 平{ping4}房 新村||C-LIT|ref='''2010''', {{lang|zh|呂大樂}}、{{lang|zh|《凝聚力量——香港非政府機構發展軌跡》}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fS6vAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53 第53頁]}} #* {{zh-x|第 十五 篇 ^林 ^精華 的〈^俄羅斯 東正教 在 ^華 傳播 三-百 年 何以 失敗：來自 文學 的 視角〉，試圖 解釋 為什麼 ^俄羅斯 東正教 比起 天主教 和 基督教 來 ^華 合法 傳教，時間 更為{wéi} 久遠，卻 一直 沒有 顯著 的 成長{zhǎng}？||M-TW|ref='''2016'''，{{lang|zh|郭承天}}，{{lang|zh|〈引言：認識耶穌，贏得基督〉}}，編者{{lang|zh|郭承天}}、{{lang|zh|周復初}}，{{lang|zh|《認識耶穌，贏得基督：中國基督教之本土與全球發展》}}，[https://books.google.com/books?id=p70uDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 第10頁]}} ====近義詞==== * {{s|一神教}} {{zh-l|基督宗教}}、{{qualifier|元代}} {{zh-l|也里可溫教}} {{zh-dial}} * {{s|教派分支}} {{syn-saurus|zh|基督新教}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|zh|基督教徒}} ====參見==== * {{zh-l|天主教}} * {{zh-l|東正教}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|一神教}} * 南非語：{{t|af|christendom}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t|sq|krishterimi|m}} {{qualifier|definite}}、{{t|sq|krishtërim|m}} {{qualifier|indefinite}} * 阿姆哈拉語：{{t|am|ክርስትና}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t+|ar|مَسِيحِيَّة|f}}、{{t|ar|نَصْرَانِيَّة|f}} * 亞拉姆語： *: 古典敘利亞語：{{t|syc|ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ|tr=mšīḥāyūṯā}} {{t|syc|ܟܪܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ}} *: 亞述新亞拉姆語：{{t|aii|ܡܫܝܼܚܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ|tr=mšīḳayuta|f}}、{{t|aii|ܟܪܣܛܝܢܘܬܐ}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t+|hy|քրիստոնեություն}} * 阿薩姆語：{{t|as|খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম}} * 阿斯圖里亞斯語：{{t+|ast|cristianismu|m}} * 阿塞拜疆語：{{t|az|xristianlıq}} * 班查語：{{t|bjn|Kerestén}}、{{t|bjn|Keréstén}}、{{t|bjn|Nasrani}} * 巴什基爾語：{{t|ba|христианлыҡ}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|kristautasun}} * 白俄羅斯語：{{t|be|хрысція́нства|n}} * 孟加拉語：{{t+|bn|খ্রিস্ট ধর্ম}} * 布列塔尼語：{{t|br|kristeniezh|f}} * 保加利亞語：{{t+|bg|христия́нство|n}} * 緬甸語：{{t|my|သိက္ခါတော်ရ}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|cristianisme|m}} * 車臣語：{{t|ce|Керста дин}} * 康沃爾語：{{t|kw|Kristoneth|m}} * 克里米亞韃靼語：{{t|crh|hristianlıq}} * 捷克語：{{t+|cs|křesťanství|n}} * 丹麥語：{{t|da|kristendom|c}} * 迪維希語：{{t|dv|މަސީހީދީން}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|christendom|n}} * 宗喀語：{{t|dz|ཡེ་ཤུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས}} * 英語：{{t+|en|Christianity}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|kristanismo}}、{{t|eo|kristismo}} * 愛沙尼亞語：{{t|et|kristlus}}、{{t|et|ristiusk}} * 法羅語：{{t|fo|kristindómur|m}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|kristinusko}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|christianisme|m}}、{{t+|fr|chrétienté|f}} * 弗留利語：{{t|fur|cristianisim}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|cristianismo|m}} * 格魯吉亞語：{{t|ka|ქრისტიანობა}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Christentum|n}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|χριστιανισμός|m}} * 古吉拉特語：{{t|gu|ખ્રિસ્તી ધર્મ}} * 希伯來語：{{t|he|נַצְרוּת|f|tr=natsrút}} * 希利蓋農語：{{t|hil|Kristohanon}} * 印地語：{{t|hi|ईसाई धर्म}}、{{t|hi|ईसाइयत}}、{{t|hi|मसीही धर्म|m}} * 匈牙利語：{{t+|hu|kereszténység}} * 冰島語：{{t|is|kristindómur|m}}、{{t+|is|kristni|f}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|Kristen}}、{{t|id|Kekristenan}}、{{t+|id|Nasrani}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|Críostaíocht|f}}、{{t|ga|Críostúlacht|f}} * 意大利語：{{t|it|cristianità|f}}、{{t+|it|cristianesimo|m}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|キリスト教|tr=キリストきょう, kirisuto-kyō}}、{{t+|ja|基督教|tr=キリストきょう, kirisuto-kyō}} * 爪哇語：{{t|jv|Kristen}} * 卡納達語：{{t+|kn|ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮ}} * 克什米爾語：{{t|ks|عِیسائیت}} * 哈薩克語：{{t|kk|христиандық}}、{{t+|kk|христиан діні}}、{{t|kk|мәсіхшілік}} * 高棉語：{{t|km|គ្រិស្តសាសនា|tr=krɨh saasnaa}} * 孔卡尼語：{{t|kok|Kristanvponn}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|그리스도교}}、{{t+|ko|기독교(基督敎)}}、{{t+|ko|크리스트교}} * 庫爾德語： *: 中庫爾德語：{{t|ckb|مەسیحییەت}} *: 北庫爾德語：{{t+|kmr|xiristiyanî}}、{{t+|kmr|mesîhîtî}} * 吉爾吉斯語：{{t|ky|машаякчылык}}、{{t|ky|христианчылык}}、{{t|ky|христианство}} * 老撾語：{{t|lo|ສາດສະໜາຄະລິດ}}、{{t|lo|ສາສນາກິດ}}、{{t|lo|ຄິດສາດສະໜາ}}、{{t|lo|ສາສະໜາພະເຢຊູ}} * 拉丁語：{{t|la|Christiānismus|m}}、{{t|la|Christiānitās|f}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|kristietība|f}} * 立陶宛語：{{t+|lt|krikščionybė|f}} *: 薩莫吉提亞語：{{t|sgs|krėkštiuonībė|f}} * 盧森堡語：{{t+|lb|Chrëschtentum}} * 馬安亞語：{{t|mhy|Karistén}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|христија́нство|n}} * 邁蒂利語：{{t|mai|ईसाई धर्म}} * 馬拉加斯語：{{t+|mg|kristianisma}} * 馬來語：{{t|ms|Kristian}}、{{t|ms|Masihi}}、{{t|ms|Nasrani}}、{{t|ms|Serani}}、{{t|ms|agama Kristian}}、{{t|ms|agama Masihi}}、{{t|ms|agama Nasrani}}、{{t|ms|agama Serani}}、{{t|ms|agama Kristian}}、{{t|ms|agama Masihi}}、{{t|ms|agama Nasrani}}、{{t|ms|agama Serani}} * 馬拉雅拉姆語：{{t+|ml|ക്രിസ്തുമതം}} * 馬爾他語：{{t|mt|kristjaniżmu|m}} * 曼島語：{{t|gv|Credjue Creestee|alt=yn Credjue Creestee}}、{{t|gv|Creestiaght|f}}, * 毛利語：{{t|mi|karaitianatanga}} * 馬拉地語：{{t|mr|ख्रिस्ती धर्म}} * 中古英語：{{t|enm|Cristendom}} * 米南佳保語：{{t|min|Karisten}} * 蒙古語： *: 西里爾字母：{{t|mn|христийн шашин}} * 尼泊爾語：{{t|ne|ईसाई धर्म}} * 尼瓦爾語：{{t|new|ख्रिस्ति धर्म}} * 諾曼語：{{t|nrf|Chrêtchienneté|f}} {{qualifier|澤西}}、{{t|nrf|Cristianème}} {{qualifier|諾曼底}} * 挪威語： *: 書面挪威語：{{t+|nb|kristendom|m}} *: 新挪威語：{{t|nn|kristendom|m}} * 奧克語：{{t|oc|cristianisme|m}} * 古英語：{{t|ang|cristendom|m}} * 奧利亞語：{{t|or|ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ଧର୍ମ}} * 奧塞梯語：{{t|os|чырыстонад}} * 普什圖語：{{t|ps|نصرانيت|m|tr=nasrāniyat}}、{{t|ps|عيسائيت|m|tr='isāyat}} * 波斯語：{{t+|fa|مسیحیت|tr=masihiyat}}、{{t+|fa|ترسایی|tr=tarsâyi}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|chrześcijaństwo|n}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|cristianismo|m}} * 旁遮普語：{{t+|pa|ਇਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|creștinism|n}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|христиа́нство|n}} * 梵語：{{t|sa|क्रैस्तमतम्}} * 桑塔利語：{{t|sat|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ}} * 蘇格蘭蓋爾語：{{t|gd|Crìosdaidheachd|f}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 西里爾字母：{{qualifier|波斯尼亞|塞爾維亞}} {{t|sh|хрѝшћа̄нство|n}}、{{qualifier|克羅地亞}} {{t|sh|кр̀шћа̄нство|n}} *: 拉丁字母：{{qualifier|波斯尼亞|塞爾維亞}} {{t|sh|hrìšćānstvo|n}}、{{qualifier|克羅地亞}} {{t|sh|kr̀šćānstvo|n}} * 西西里語：{{t|scn|cristianìsimu|m}} * 信德語：{{t|sd|مسيحيت}} * 僧加羅語：{{t|si|ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t+|sk|kresťanstvo|n}} * 斯洛文尼亞語：{{t+|sl|krščanstvo|n}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|cristianismo|m}} * 巽他語：{{t+|su|Kristen}} * 斯瓦希里語：{{t|sw|Ukristo}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|kristendom|c}} * 他加祿語：{{t|tl|Kakristuhan}}、{{t|tl|pagkamakakristo}}、{{t|tl|Pagkabinyagan}}、{{t|tl|Kristiyanismo}} * 塔吉克語：{{t|tg|дини насронӣ}}、{{t|tg|дини христианӣ}}、{{t|tg|тарсоӣ‍}}、{{t|tg|насроният}} * 泰米爾語：{{t+|ta|கிறிஸ்தவம்}} * 韃靼語：{{t|tt|христианлык}} * 泰盧固語：{{t|te|క్రైస్తవ మతం}} * 泰語：{{t+|th|ศาสนาคริสต์|tr=sàat-sà-năa krít}}、{{t|th|คริสต์ศาสนา|tr=krít sàat-sà-năa}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|Hristiyanlık}} * 土庫曼語：{{t|tk|hristiýanlyk}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t|uk|христия́нство|n}} * 烏爾都語：{{t|ur|عیسائی مذہب|m|tr=īsāī mazhab}}、{{t|ur|عیسائیت|tr=īsāiyat}} * 維吾爾語：{{t|ug|خرىستىئان دىنى}} * 烏茲別克語：{{t+|uz|xristianlik}}、{{t|uz|masihiylik}} * 越南語：{{t+|vi|Kitô giáo}}、{{t+|vi|Cơ Đốc giáo}} ({{t+|vi|基督教}}) * 沃拉普克語：{{t+|vo|krit}}、{{qualifier|古舊}} {{t|vo|rukrit}} * 威爾士語：{{t|cy|Cristnogaeth}} * 西弗里斯蘭語：{{t|fy|Kristendom}} * 西旁遮普語：{{t|pnb|مسيحيت}} * 意第緒語：{{t|yi|קריסטנטום|n}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-see|教派分支|新教}} ===參考資料=== <references/> {{zh-cat|宗教|基督教|Advanced}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=irr2,goon|sort=きりすときょう|キリスト2|きょう|ateji=1,2}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{m|ja|基督}}（{{m|ja|基利斯督|tr=kirisuto}} 的簡稱，為 {{m|ja|キリスト|tr=kirisuto}} 的{{ateji|sort=きりすと}}） + {{m|ja|教||宗教|tr=kyō}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|acc=0|dev=3|キリストきょう}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|^キリスト-きょう|hhira=キリストけう}} # {{obsolete spelling of|ja|キリスト教||[[基督教#漢語|基督教]]|sort=りすときょう}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|bor=y|zh|基督教}} * {{desc|ko|-|bor=1}} {{ko-l|^기독교|基督敎}} * {{desc|vi|-|bor=1}} {{vi-l|Cơ Đốc giáo|基督敎}} * {{desc|vi|-|cal=1}} {{vi-l|đạo Cơ Đốc|道基督}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=기독교}} # {{alt form|ko|基督敎||[[基督教#漢語|基督教]]}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===專有名詞=== {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|Cơ đốc giáo|[[基督教#漢語|基督教]]}} 2kun31zgpbldp2iip34nr9hht6b074s 4 295058 9889983 9886118 2026-09-07T20:48:13Z A2093064-bot 60065 [[User:A2093064-bot/task/2|機器人2]]：存檔1章節 9889983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|Wiktionary:RFD|Wiktionary:AFD}} {{Wiktionary:删除请求/存档}} 中文维基词典现在由[[Wiktionary:管理员|管理员]]执行删除操作，所以请把所有有待删除的页面標示{{Tl|Afd|删除原因}}，列表如最下方。快速删除請標示{{Tl|Delete|删除原因}}。請求恢復頁面也於本頁處理。所有討論通常至少進行14日，管理員現在可處理 {{#time:Y年Mj日 (D) H:i|-14 days}} (UTC) 前發起的討論。 <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">{{clickable button 2|url={{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit&section=new&preload=Template:DRItem/auto&editintro=Template:DRItemNotice}}|提出删除请求}}</div> 另见：[[:Category:快速删除候选|快速删除候选]] [[Category:维基词典站务]] == 當前的討論 == <!-- 新討論請放最下方 --> ===[[:偷冷的]]=== 有載[https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/Browse/lindict17.html 林語堂《當代漢英詞典》]及[https://www.google.com.hk/books/edition/A_Course_of_Mandarin_Lessons_Based_on_Id/0FbhVaM0AvAC?hl=zh-TW&gbpv=1&dq=%E5%81%B7%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84&pg=PA323&printsec=frontcover A Course of Mandarin Lessons, Based on Idiom]，但除此之外網絡上好像就沒有其他科搜索到的內容了。前者說是口語，後者說是 "Southern term"，那麼究竟是哪個地方的方言，有沒有更加合適的寫法，需要釐清。-——[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]（[[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]） 2025年1月18日 (六) 14:56 (UTC) :[https://toyo.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/14152 明治中期における南北官話の一考察]、[https://www.google.com.hk/books/edition/%E9%BA%A5%E6%B0%8F%E6%BC%A2%E8%8B%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8/Pj_e2d3eHTQC?hl=zh-CN&gbpv=1&dq=%22%E5%81%B7%E5%86%B7%22&pg=PA941&printsec=frontcover 麥氏漢英大辭典]。另外有近義詞[https://www.wccdaily.com.cn/shtml/hxdsb/20230823/200394.shtml 偷冷捶]（汉语方言大词典中「偷冷槌」），现代语境中「[https://www.badmintoncn.com/eqm.php?a=eqCommView&cid=839633 偷冷子抽一拍]」（大多数和[[冷不丁]]差不多）（Southern term估計還是官話範圍內） [[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]（[[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]） 2025年6月6日 (五) 07:24 (UTC) ===[[:鳥澡盆]]=== {{刪除}}理據：似乎是譯自[[birdbath]]--[[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]（[[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]） 2025年2月26日 (三) 10:00 (UTC) :[[鳥浴盆]]的hits似乎还要更多一些。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]（[[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]） 2025年2月26日 (三) 13:23 (UTC) ===[[:雷隊友]]=== {{刪除}}理據：雷+隊友--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]（[[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]） 2025年6月6日 (五) 04:57 (UTC) :搜到有些結果，不知是否能作為[[豬隊友]]的同義詞？--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]（[[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]） 2025年6月6日 (五) 06:19 (UTC) ::应该算是近义词，可能有少许差异,[https://inews.hket.com/article/1679591/%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%BD%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%E8%B1%AC%E9%9A%8A%E5%8F%8B%20VS%20%E9%9B%B7%E9%9A%8A%E5%8F%8B 我的潮語時代 豬隊友 VS 雷隊友]。 [[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]（[[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]） 2025年6月6日 (五) 06:25 (UTC) ==={{al|Appendix:簡化字總表|Wiktionary:第二次汉字简化方案（草案）|Appendix:简化字总表/第一表|Appendix:简化字总表/第二表|Appendix:简化字总表/第三表|Appendix:简化字总表/附錄}}=== {{刪除}}理據：這應該是維基文庫的收錄範圍。--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]（[[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]） 2026年3月23日 (一) 19:48 (UTC) :'''已刪'''[[Wiktionary:第二次汉字简化方案（草案）]]，整合到[[s:第二次汉字简化方案（草案）]]。其他的再看是否有更早的編修也送出。--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]]（[[User talk:TunnelESON|留言]]） 2026年6月1日 (一) 02:59 (UTC) ===[[:有關部門]]=== {{delh|k}} {{刪除}}理據：有關+部門--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]（[[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]） 2026年7月3日 (五) 07:34 (UTC) :有介绍价值。“釋義”的“而在某些情况下（如中国大陆官方的政府公文或新闻）指中国的含糊其辞的特殊部门。”不妥，大量公文和新闻并不指不可明说的“特殊部门”，仅是未指明。 [[User:YFdyh000|YFdyh000]]（[[User talk:YFdyh000|留言]]） 2026年7月19日 (日) 12:50 (UTC) ---- 已保留。缺共識。--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]]（[[User talk:TunnelESON|留言]]） 2026年9月2日 (三) 04:21 (UTC) {{delf}} ===[[:三自運動]]=== {{刪除}}理據：三自+運動。三自也已經是簡稱了。--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]（[[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]） 2026年7月3日 (五) 07:34 (UTC) 58lbf3szibwdmk52h35kas3aev65a5f 0 299802 9889932 9473562 2026-09-07T17:01:00Z TongcyDai 53191 9889932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|fröh}} ==巴伐利亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|bar|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|bar|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|bar|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。與{{cog|de|froh}} 同源。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}}亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|bar|/frɔu̯/|qq=北部}} * {{IPA|bar|/frou̯/|/ʃtroː/|qq=中部}} * {{IPA|bar|/frɔɐ̯/|qq=南部}} * {{rhymes|bar|oː|ɔu̯}} ===形容詞=== {{bar-adj}} # {{lb|bar|指生物}} [[高興]]的；（短暫）[[快樂]]的；（短暫）[[愉快]]的 # {{lb|bar|指事件}} [[歡樂]]的 # {{lb|bar|指活動}} 歡樂的；[[熱烈]]的；充滿[[活力]]的 ==德語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|de|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|de|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|de|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}} 亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁoː/}} * {{audio|de|De-froh.ogg}} * {{audio|de|De-froh2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|oː|s=1}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # {{lb|de|指生物}} [[高興]]的；（短暫）[[快樂]]的；（短暫）[[愉快]]的 {{+obj|de|:über(acc)/gen<l:higher register><關於某事物>}} #: {{uxi|de|Ich bin '''froh''' über alles, was ich erreicht habe.|我對自己所取得的一切感到'''高興'''。}} #: {{uxi|de|Du wirst deines Lebens nicht mehr '''froh'''.|你的餘生將不再'''快樂'''。}} # {{lb|de|指事件}} [[歡樂]]的 #: {{syn|de|fröhlich}} # {{lb|de|指活動}} 歡樂的；[[熱烈]]的；充滿[[活力]]的 #: {{syn|de|beherzt|fröhlich|wacker}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|指人}} {{l|de|fröhlich}}; {{l|de|glücklich}} {{qualifier|這三個形容詞在語義上有部分重疊}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|fröhlich}} * {{l|de|frohe Feiertage}} * {{l|de|frohe Ostern}} * {{l|de|frohes Schaffen}} * {{l|de|frohe Weihnachten}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:OpenThesaurus}} ==漢斯立克語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|hrx|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|hrx|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|hrx|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}} 亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== {{hrx-pr|+<hmp:Froh>}} ===形容詞=== {{head|hrx|形容詞|比較級|froher|最高級|frohest}} # [[高興]]的，[[快樂]]的，[[喜悅]]的 #: {{ux|hrx|Där is immer aarich '''froh'''.|他總是很'''高興'''。}} ====變格==== {{hrx-decl-adj|froh}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|hrx|frehlich}} * {{l|hrx|glicklich}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:hrx:Boll}} ==賓夕法尼亞德語== ===詞源=== 對照{{cog|de|froh}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|pdc|形容詞}} # [[高興]]的，[[快樂]]的，[[喜悅]]的 5a5796p7pit8bk9nl6tsg1frrf27cu5 9889957 9889932 2026-09-07T17:04:51Z TongcyDai 53191 9889957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|fröh}} ==巴伐利亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|bar|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|bar|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|bar|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。與{{cog|de|froh}} 同源。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}} 亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|bar|/frɔu̯/|qq=北部}} * {{IPA|bar|/frou̯/|/ʃtroː/|qq=中部}} * {{IPA|bar|/frɔɐ̯/|qq=南部}} * {{rhymes|bar|oː|ɔu̯}} ===形容詞=== {{bar-adj}} # {{lb|bar|指生物}} [[高興]]的；（短暫）[[快樂]]的；（短暫）[[愉快]]的 # {{lb|bar|指事件}} [[歡樂]]的 # {{lb|bar|指活動}} 歡樂的；[[熱烈]]的；充滿[[活力]]的 ==德語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|de|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|de|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|de|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}} 亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁoː/}} * {{audio|de|De-froh.ogg}} * {{audio|de|De-froh2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|oː|s=1}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # {{lb|de|指生物}} [[高興]]的；（短暫）[[快樂]]的；（短暫）[[愉快]]的 {{+obj|de|:über(acc)/gen<l:higher register><關於某事物>}} #: {{uxi|de|Ich bin '''froh''' über alles, was ich erreicht habe.|我對自己所取得的一切感到'''高興'''。}} #: {{uxi|de|Du wirst deines Lebens nicht mehr '''froh'''.|你的餘生將不再'''快樂'''。}} # {{lb|de|指事件}} [[歡樂]]的 #: {{syn|de|fröhlich}} # {{lb|de|指活動}} 歡樂的；[[熱烈]]的；充滿[[活力]]的 #: {{syn|de|beherzt|fröhlich|wacker}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|指人}} {{l|de|fröhlich}}; {{l|de|glücklich}} {{qualifier|這三個形容詞在語義上有部分重疊}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|fröhlich}} * {{l|de|frohe Feiertage}} * {{l|de|frohe Ostern}} * {{l|de|frohes Schaffen}} * {{l|de|frohe Weihnachten}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:OpenThesaurus}} ==漢斯立克語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|hrx|gmh|vrō}}，{{inh+|hrx|goh|frō}}、{{m|goh|frao}}，{{inh+|hrx|gem-pro|*frawaz||[[快速]]的，[[高興]]的}}。對照{{cog|nl|vrolijk}}（{{cog|en|frolic}} 亦派生自此）。 ===發音=== {{hrx-pr|+<hmp:Froh>}} ===形容詞=== {{head|hrx|形容詞|比較級|froher|最高級|frohest}} # [[高興]]的，[[快樂]]的，[[喜悅]]的 #: {{ux|hrx|Där is immer aarich '''froh'''.|他總是很'''高興'''。}} ====變格==== {{hrx-decl-adj|froh}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|hrx|frehlich}} * {{l|hrx|glicklich}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:hrx:Boll}} ==賓夕法尼亞德語== ===詞源=== 對照{{cog|de|froh}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|pdc|形容詞}} # [[高興]]的，[[快樂]]的，[[喜悅]]的 dc7a2gfcz1xj72zahatf8cl1wuq63cv 0 306465 9890437 8428402 2026-09-08T08:27:30Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=38|rad=女|as=04|sn=7|four=|canj=VMF|ids=⿰女不}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0256.260|dkj=06092|dj=0521.060|hdz=21030.010|uh=599A|ud=22938}} ==漢語== ===詞源1=== {{zh-forms}} ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=fǒu |c=fau2 |cat=a }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|obsolete|rare|指女性}} [[優雅]]，[[優美]] ===詞源2=== {{zh-forms}} 可能是{{zh-l|許|tr=-||t=這個}} + {{zh-l|*枚||t=量詞}}的縮約 ({{zh-ref|Qian, 2002}})。 ====發音==== {{rfp|hnm}} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|Hainanese}} {{gl|限定詞}} #* {{zh-x|妚 月 真 光|'''這'''月亮真明亮。|MN-H|ref='''1992'''年，陈鸿迈〈海口方言的“妚”〉：《语言研究》，第1期，第32頁}} # {{lb|zh|Hainanese}} {{n-g|用於人名或品質前的前綴，構成稱呼詞。}} ===詞源3=== {{zh-see|胚|v}} ===詞源4=== {{zh-see|邳|v}} ===詞源5=== {{zh-see|嬛|v}} ===來源=== * [http://www.iso10646hk.net/jp/document/download.jsp 粵拼資料庫 (iso10646hk.net) - 漢字粵語拼音表 (第一部分), p. 91] ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=女04}} # {{rfdef|ja|sort=女04}} ====讀法==== * {{ja-readings|on=ふう, はい}} hudjfu52ufmvos1mmyrb3ix3v9u5gln 0 325048 9890006 5577878 2026-09-08T02:01:00Z 苍穹一粟 112995 9890006 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鲜语== {{朝字|[[기]][[쁘]][[다]]}} {{朝鲜语罗马字表记 |文=gi.ppeu.da |马=ki.ppŭ.da |耶=ki.ppu.ta |音=kip͈ɯ̈da̠ }} {{类|朝|形}} {{语源}} ＜ [[깃브다]] {{석보상절}}。 源自 kisk-[喜] + pu[接辭] + ta[語尾]。 名詞：'''[[기쁨]]'''。 動詞：'''[[기뻐하다]]'''。 #喜欢，喜悦，高兴 #:近义词：[[즐겁다]]，[[흐뭇하다]] #:反义词：[[슬프다]]，[[괴롭다]] #::기뻐서 [[입]]을 [[다물다|다물지]] [[못하다]]　　乐得合不拢嘴 #::[[속]]으로 [[은근]]히 기쁘다　　心中暗喜 #::기뻐 [[손뼉]]을 [[치다|쳤다]]　　高兴得拍起手来 {{ko-conj/adj}} 21k1vcgg73vuhla992moo2uk3fp4ltq 10 336798 9890457 9654863 2026-09-08T09:52:52Z Fglffer 55252 9890457 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ja-verbconj-auto<!-- -->|lemma={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ja|definal|{{pagename}}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{#invoke:ja|definal|{{pagename}}}}}}<!-- -->|kana={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:ja|definal|{{pagename}}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{1|}}}}}<!-- -->|imperfective=<!-- -->|continuative=<!-- -->|terminal=る<!-- -->|attributive=る<!-- -->|hypothetical=れ<!-- -->|imperative=よ<!-- -->|imperative2=ろ<!-- -->|passive=られる<!-- -->|causative=させる<!-- -->|causative2=さす<!-- -->|potential=られる<!-- -->|potential2=れる<!-- -->|volitional=よう<!-- -->|negative=ない<!-- -->|negative2=ぬ<!-- -->|negative3=ん<!-- -->|negative_continuative=ず<!-- -->|formal=ます<!-- -->|perfective=た<!-- -->|conjunctive=て<!-- -->|hypothetical_conditional=れば<!-- -->|imp1_note=&sup1;<!-- -->|imp2_note=&sup2;<!-- -->|pont2_note=&sup3;<!-- -->|notes=<!-- --><small>&sup1; 書面命令形</small><br/><!-- --><small>&sup2; 口頭命令形</small><br/><!-- --><small>&sup3; 口語可能態</small><!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:日語動詞屈折表模板]]</noinclude> 5534lkkxpu120kn98s5vi75l1x8elzq 0 338289 9890473 6704627 2026-09-08T10:49:36Z Sayonzei 40728 9890473 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|大便}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiện.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb}} # {{lb|vi|正式}} [[排便]] #: {{syn|vi|ỉa|ị|đi ngoài|đi cầu}} ===參見=== * {{vi-l|tiểu tiện|小便}} {{c|vi|糞便}} eimrh098762b0s0y2xnejb758fjviwj 0 342383 9890431 9509629 2026-09-08T08:27:02Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890431 wikitext text/x-wiki ==保加利亞語== ===發音=== * {{bg-pr|артишо́к|a=[KK]}} ===名詞=== {{bg-noun|артишо́к|m}} # [[洋薊]] ====變格==== {{bg-ndecl|артишо́к<>}} ===來源=== * {{R:RBE}} * {{R:RBE2}} {{c|bg|薊|蔬菜}} ==俄語== ===詞源=== 來自北部{{bor|ru|it|articiocco}}，來自{{der|ru|oc-pro|archichaut}}, {{m|oc-pro|arquichaut}}，來自{{der|ru|osp|alcarchofa}}，來自{{der|ru|xaa|خرشوف|الْخَرْشُوف|tr=al-ẖaršúf}}，來自{{der|ru|ar|خرشوف|الْخُرْشُوف}}。<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:es:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{ru-IPA|артишо́к}} ===名詞=== {{ru-noun+|артишо́к}} # [[洋薊]] ====變格==== {{ru-noun-table|артишо́к}} ====派生詞==== * {{desc|az|artişok|bor=1}} * {{desc|ka|არტიშოკი|bor=1}} * {{desc|uz|artishok|bor=1}} * {{desc|yi|אַרטישאָק|bor=1}} ===來源=== <references/> {{topics|ru|薊|蔬菜}} ==烏克蘭語== ===發音=== * {{uk-IPA|артишо́к}} * {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-артишок.wav|Audio}} ===名詞=== {{uk-noun|артишо́к<genu>}} # [[洋薊]] ====變格==== {{uk-ndecl|артишо́к<genu>}} ===來源=== * {{R:uk:SUM-11}} * {{R:uk:Horokh}} {{topics|uk|薊|蔬菜}} 4i0h1xxegp6jk1n5jib1ivi920jnk26 0 388258 9890469 5240260 2026-09-08T10:47:42Z Sayonzei 40728 9890469 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== {{wp|ko:}} ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-sino|大小便}}。{{blend|ko|대변(大便)<id:大便>|소변(小便)<id:小便>}}。 ===發音=== {{ko-IPA|l=y}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hanja=大小便}} # [[大便]]和[[小便]]；[[屎尿]] 3oqal0c8grf56etpftjyeihgcj0kbwj 0 593671 9889997 6786349 2026-09-07T22:03:59Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ 更新發音 9889997 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=cìděng |c=ci3 dang2 |mn=chhù-téng |cat=a }} ===釋義=== # ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *俄语：[[второй]] [[сорт]]; [[второсортный]] {{翻译-底}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|欠02竹06]] tfqenirjfhvl8p43h77993az76u2in7 0 598136 9890467 6790503 2026-09-08T10:47:05Z Sayonzei 40728 9890467 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===詞源=== {{blend|zh|大便|小便}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=dàxiǎobiàn |c=daai6 siu2 bin6 |mn=tw:tāi-siáu-piān/twv:tōa-sió-piān |cat=n,v }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[大便]]和[[小便]]；[[屎尿]] ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|糞便}} * {{zh-l|大小二便}} * {{zh-l|二便}} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # {{lb|zh|不及物}} [[排便]]和[[排尿]] ====近義詞==== * {{qualifier|書面}} {{zh-l|便利}} {{C|zh|糞便}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|だい|しょう|べん|yomi=o}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|だいしょうべん|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR|acc2=5|acc2_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|だいしょうべん|hhira=だいせうべん}} # [[大便]]和[[小便]]；[[屎尿]] #: {{meronyms|ja|大便|小便}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=대소변}} # {{hanja form of|대소변}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|đại tiểu tiện}} kt2jxu37yleg2cvj841cgx4coqj4zek 0 600939 9889998 6793103 2026-09-07T22:06:01Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ 更新發音 9889998 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=děngcì |c=dang2 ci3 |cat=n }} ===釋義=== # ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *俄语：1) [[порядок]], [[последовательность]]; 2) [[сортность]] {{翻译-底}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|竹06欠02]] hju487g9oxjefjsrdblp1250tsg9m9r 0 601168 9889994 6793316 2026-09-07T21:57:10Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ 更新發音 9889994 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=dī微 |c=dai1 mei4 |mn=qz:kě-bî/xm,zz:kē-bî |cat=a }} ===釋義=== # ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *俄语：1) [[тихий]], [[слабый]] ([[о]] [[голосе]]); 2) [[низкий]], [[презренный]]; [[подлый]]; [[ничтожный]] ([[о]] [[положении]] [[в]] [[обществе]]); 3) [[низкий]] [[уровень]], [[депрессия]], [[снижение]] (''[[напр.]]'' [[денежного]] [[курса]]); [[снижаться]], [[падать]] {{翻译-底}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|人05彳10]] odhy6cma6wnk5kxb3ws9f062kq5sckk 0 629713 9889981 9593605 2026-09-07T20:47:38Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9889981 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=hūxī |c=fu1 kap1 |ca=LL-Q9186-Justinrleung-呼吸.wav |h=pfs=fû-khip |md=hù-ngék |mn=ho͘-khip |mn-t=u1 kib4 |w=sh:1hu shiq |mc=y |oc=1 |ma=Zh-huxi.ogg |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[生物體]]與[[外界]][[環境]][[進行]][[氣體]][[交換]]的[[過程]] #: {{zh-x|深 呼吸|}} #: {{zh-x|調{tiáo}整 呼吸|}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 器官|}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 困難|}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 急促|}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 新鮮 空氣|}} #: {{zh-x|停止 呼吸|}} #: {{zh-x|已經 沒有 了 呼吸|}} # [[氣勢]][[盛大]] # [[瞬息]]、[[頃刻]]之間 ====同義詞==== {{syn-saurus|zh|呼吸}} {{zh-dial}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|呼吸道|呼吸窘迫|呼吸困難|呼吸器|呼吸相通|呼吸系統|呼吸與共|呼吸作用|人工呼吸|深呼吸|睡眠呼吸暫停|呼吸調節中樞|外呼吸|上呼吸道|下呼吸道|呼吸運動|內呼吸|呼吸器官|呼吸根|呼吸音|呼吸孔|呼吸吐納|光呼吸作用|有氧呼吸|肺呼吸|腹式呼吸}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||こきゅう|호흡|hô hấp}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|氣體交換}} * 南非语：{{t+|af|asem}}、{{t|af|asemhaal}} * 阿克兰语：{{t|akl|ginhawa}} * 阿尔巴尼亚语：{{t|sq|marr frymë}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t|ar|تَنَفَّسَ}} * 亚美尼亚语：{{t+|hy|շնչել}} * 阿罗马尼亚语：{{t|rup|adilju}}、{{t|rup|suflu}} * 阿萨姆语：{{t|as|উশাহ লোৱা}} * 亚述新亚拉姆语：{{t|aii|ܢܵܦ̮ܹܫ|tr=nafeš}} * 阿斯图里亚斯语：{{t|ast|respirar}} * 阿塞拜疆语：{{t+|az|nəfəs almaq}} * 白俄罗斯语：{{t|be|ды́хаць|impf}} * 中比科尔语：{{t+|bcl|hangos}} * 孟加拉语：{{t+|bn|দম নেওয়া}}、{{t|bn|শ্বাস ফেলা}} * 保加利亚语：{{t+|bg|ди́шам|impf}} * 缅甸语：{{t+|my|ရှူ}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t+|ca|respirar}}、{{t+|ca|alenar}} * 中阿特拉斯柏柏尔语：{{t|tzm|ⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵙ}} * 切罗基语：{{t|chr|ᎧᏬᎳᏕᎠ}} * 契卡索语：{{t|cic|foyopa}} * 捷克语：{{t+|cs|dýchat|impf}} * 丹麦语：{{t+|da|ånde}}、{{t|da|trække vejret}} * 荷兰语：{{t+|nl|ademen}}、{{t+|nl|ademhalen}}、{{t+|nl|asemen}}、{{t|nl|asemhalen}} * 英語：{{t+|en|breathe}} * 世界语：{{t+|eo|spiri}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t+|et|hingama}} * 法罗语：{{t+|fo|anda}} * 芬兰语：{{t+|fi|hengittää}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|respirer}}、{{t+|fr|inspirer}}、{{t+|fr|expirer}} *: 中古法语：{{t|frm|respirer}} *: 古法语：{{t|fro|respirer}} * 加利西亚语：{{t+|gl|respirar}}、{{t+|gl|bafexar}}、{{t+|gl|folguexar}}、{{t+|gl|alentar}} * 格鲁吉亚语：{{t|ka|სუნთქვა}} * 德语：{{t+|de|atmen}} * 希腊语：{{t+|el|αναπνέω}} *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|πνέω}} * 格陵兰语：{{t|kl|anersaarpoq}} * 希伯来语：{{t+|he|נָשַׁם|tr=nashám}} * 印地语：{{t|hi|सांस लेना}} * 匈牙利语：{{t+|hu|lélegzik}}、{{t|hu|levegőt vesz}}、{{t|hu|lélegzetet vesz}} * 冰岛语：{{t+|is|anda}} * 伊多语：{{t+|io|respirar}} * 印尼语：{{t+|id|bernafas}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t|ga|análaigh}}、{{t|ga|riospráid}} * 意大利语：{{t+|it|respirare}} * 伊察語：{{t|itz|mus ik’}} * 日语：{{t+|ja|呼吸|alt=呼吸する|tr=こきゅうする, kokyū suru}}、{{t|ja|息をする|tr=いきをする, iki o suru}}、{{t+|ja|吐く|tr=はく, haku}}、{{t+|ja|吸い込む|tr=すいこむ, suikomu}} {{qualifier|吸入}} * 卡舒比语：{{t|csb|dëchac}} * 哈萨克语：{{t|kk|дем алу}} * 高棉语：{{t|km|ដកដង្ហើម}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|숨쉬다}}、{{t+|ko|호흡(呼吸)하다}}、{{t|ko|[[숨]]을 [[쉬다]]}}、{{t|ko|([[공기]]를) [[마시다]]}} * 吉尔吉斯语：{{t+|ky|дем алуу}} * 老挝语：{{t|lo|ຫາຍໃຈ}} * 拉丁语：{{t|la|spiro}}、{{t|la|respiro}}、{{t|la|hālō}} * 拉脱维亚语：{{t|lv|elpot}} * 林加拉语：{{t|ln|kopema}} * 立陶宛语：{{t|lt|kvėpuoti}} * 低地德语：{{t+|nds|aten}}、{{t+|nds|aten}} * 卢森堡语：{{t|lb|ootmen}} * 马其顿语：{{t|mk|дише|impf}} * 马来语：{{t+|ms|bernafas}}、{{t+|ms|hirup}} * 瑪姆語：{{t|mam|xewil}} * 毛利语：{{t+|mi|ngā}}、{{t|mi|whakangā}}、{{t|mi|ānene}} {{qualifier|柔和地}} * 蒙古语：{{t+|mn|амьсгалах}} * 尼泊尔语：{{t|ne|सास फेर्नु}} * 诺曼语：{{t|nrf|respither}} {{qualifier|澤西}} * 北弗里斯兰语：{{qualifier|弗爾-阿姆魯姆}} {{t|frr|öösme}}、{{t|frr|locht haale}} * 北萨米语：{{t|se|vuoiŋŋadit}} * 挪威语：{{t+|no|puste}}、{{t|no|ånde}} * 奥克语：{{t+|oc|respirar}} * 教会斯拉夫语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|cu|дꙑхати|impf}} * 古英语：{{t|ang|ēþian}}、{{t|ang|orþian}} * 鄂图曼土耳其语：{{t|ota|صولومق|tr=solumak}} * 帕皮阿门托语：{{t|pap|respirá}}、{{t|pap|hala rosea}} * 普什图语：{{t+|ps|ساکښل|tr=sākӽᶕl}} * 波斯语：{{t+|fa|نفس کشیدن|tr=nafas kešidan}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|oddychać|impf}}、{{t|pl|odetchnąć|pf}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t+|pt|respirar}} * 根合巴語：{{t|kjb| jiq’a’}} * 拉帕努伊语：{{t|rap|haa}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t+|ro|respira}} * 罗曼什语：{{t|rm|respirar}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|дыша́ть|impf}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|sh|дисати|impf}}、{{t|sh|дихати|impf}} {{qualifier|卡伊方言}} *: 罗马字母：{{t+|sh|disati|impf}}、{{t|sh|dihati|impf}} {{qualifier|卡伊方言}} * 僧伽罗语：{{t|si|හුස්ම ගන්නවා}} * 斯洛伐克语：{{t|sk|dýchať|impf}} * 斯洛文尼亚语：{{t+|sl|dihati|impf}} * 索马里语：{{t|so|neefsasho}} * 索布语： *: 下索布语：{{t|dsb|dychaś|impf}} * 西班牙语：{{t+|es|respirar}} * 蘇里南湯加語：{{t|srn|bro}} * 巽他语：{{t|su|ambekan}} * 斯瓦希里语：{{t|sw|pumua|alt=-pumua}} * 瑞典语：{{t+|sv|andas}} * 他加禄语：{{t|tl|huminga}} * 塔吉克语：{{t|tg|нафас кашидан}} * 泰语：{{t+|th|หายใจ}} * 藏语：{{t|bo|དབུགས་རྒྱག}} * 土耳其语：{{t+|tr|nefes almak}}、{{t+|tr|solumak}} * 土库曼语：{{t|tk|dem almak}} * 图瓦语：{{t|tyv|тынар}} * 乌克兰语：{{t|uk|ди́хати|impf}} * 乌尔都语：{{t|ur|سانس لینا|tr=sāns lenā}} * 维吾尔语：{{t|ug|نەپەس ئالماق}}、{{t|ug|نەپەسلەنمەك}} * 乌兹别克语：{{t|uz|nafas olmoq}} * 越南语：{{t+|vi|thở}}、{{t+|vi|hô hấp}} ({{t|vi|呼吸}}) * 沃拉普克语：{{t+|vo|natemön}} * 瓦隆语：{{t+|wa|respirer}} * 威尔士语：{{t+|cy|anadlu}} * 西弗里斯兰语：{{t+|fy|sykhelje}} * 白苗语：{{t|mww|ua pa}} * 意第绪语：{{t|yi|אָטעמען}} * 泽兰语：{{t|zea|aeseme}} * 壮语：{{t|za|diemheiq}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|Elementary|Antonymous}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|こ|きゅう|yomi=on,kanon}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|こきゅう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|こきゅう|hhira=こきふ}} # [[#漢語|呼吸]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|深%呼%吸|しん%こ%きゅう}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸%音|こ%きゅう%おん}} * {{ja-r|過%呼%吸|か%こ%きゅう}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸 困難|こ%きゅう こんなん}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸%器|こ%きゅう%き}} ====參見==== * {{ja-r|吐く|はく}} * {{ja-r|息|いき}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=both|こきゅう|hhira=こきふ}} # [[#漢語|呼吸]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|こきゅう}} ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=호흡}} # {{hanja form of|호흡|}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|hô hấp|}} mm67q4fiqaobc5jal6xg702v8w7meuu 9890014 9889981 2026-09-08T06:00:51Z Fglffer 55252 9890014 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=hūxī |c=fu1 kap1 |ca=LL-Q9186-Justinrleung-呼吸.wav |h=pfs=fû-khip |md=hù-ngék |mn=ho͘-khip |mn-t=u1 kib4 |w=sh:1hu shiq |mc=y |oc=1 |ma=Zh-huxi.ogg |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[生物體]]與[[外界]][[環境]][[進行]][[氣體]][[交換]]的[[過程]] #: {{zh-x|深 呼吸}} #: {{zh-x|調{tiáo}整 呼吸}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 器官}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 困難}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 急促}} #: {{zh-x|呼吸 新鮮 空氣}} #: {{zh-x|停止 呼吸}} #: {{zh-x|已經 沒有 了 呼吸}} # [[氣勢]][[盛大]] # [[瞬息]]、[[頃刻]]之間 ====同義詞==== {{syn-saurus|zh|呼吸}} {{zh-dial}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|呼吸道|呼吸窘迫|呼吸困難|呼吸器|呼吸相通|呼吸系統|呼吸與共|呼吸作用|人工呼吸|深呼吸|睡眠呼吸暫停|呼吸調節中樞|外呼吸|上呼吸道|下呼吸道|呼吸運動|內呼吸|呼吸器官|呼吸根|呼吸音|呼吸孔|呼吸吐納|光呼吸作用|有氧呼吸|肺呼吸|腹式呼吸}} ====派生詞==== {{CJKV||こきゅう|호흡|hô hấp}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|氣體交換}} * 南非语：{{t+|af|asem}}、{{t|af|asemhaal}} * 阿克兰语：{{t|akl|ginhawa}} * 阿尔巴尼亚语：{{t|sq|marr frymë}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t|ar|تَنَفَّسَ}} * 亚美尼亚语：{{t+|hy|շնչել}} * 阿罗马尼亚语：{{t|rup|adilju}}、{{t|rup|suflu}} * 阿萨姆语：{{t|as|উশাহ লোৱা}} * 亚述新亚拉姆语：{{t|aii|ܢܵܦ̮ܹܫ|tr=nafeš}} * 阿斯图里亚斯语：{{t|ast|respirar}} * 阿塞拜疆语：{{t+|az|nəfəs almaq}} * 白俄罗斯语：{{t|be|ды́хаць|impf}} * 中比科尔语：{{t+|bcl|hangos}} * 孟加拉语：{{t+|bn|দম নেওয়া}}、{{t|bn|শ্বাস ফেলা}} * 保加利亚语：{{t+|bg|ди́шам|impf}} * 缅甸语：{{t+|my|ရှူ}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t+|ca|respirar}}、{{t+|ca|alenar}} * 中阿特拉斯柏柏尔语：{{t|tzm|ⵙⵙⵓⵏⴼⵙ}} * 切罗基语：{{t|chr|ᎧᏬᎳᏕᎠ}} * 契卡索语：{{t|cic|foyopa}} * 捷克语：{{t+|cs|dýchat|impf}} * 丹麦语：{{t+|da|ånde}}、{{t|da|trække vejret}} * 荷兰语：{{t+|nl|ademen}}、{{t+|nl|ademhalen}}、{{t+|nl|asemen}}、{{t|nl|asemhalen}} * 英語：{{t+|en|breathe}} * 世界语：{{t+|eo|spiri}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t+|et|hingama}} * 法罗语：{{t+|fo|anda}} * 芬兰语：{{t+|fi|hengittää}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|respirer}}、{{t+|fr|inspirer}}、{{t+|fr|expirer}} *: 中古法语：{{t|frm|respirer}} *: 古法语：{{t|fro|respirer}} * 加利西亚语：{{t+|gl|respirar}}、{{t+|gl|bafexar}}、{{t+|gl|folguexar}}、{{t+|gl|alentar}} * 格鲁吉亚语：{{t|ka|სუნთქვა}} * 德语：{{t+|de|atmen}} * 希腊语：{{t+|el|αναπνέω}} *: 古希臘語：{{t|grc|πνέω}} * 格陵兰语：{{t|kl|anersaarpoq}} * 希伯来语：{{t+|he|נָשַׁם|tr=nashám}} * 印地语：{{t|hi|सांस लेना}} * 匈牙利语：{{t+|hu|lélegzik}}、{{t|hu|levegőt vesz}}、{{t|hu|lélegzetet vesz}} * 冰岛语：{{t+|is|anda}} * 伊多语：{{t+|io|respirar}} * 印尼语：{{t+|id|bernafas}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t|ga|análaigh}}、{{t|ga|riospráid}} * 意大利语：{{t+|it|respirare}} * 伊察語：{{t|itz|mus ik’}} * 日语：{{t+|ja|呼吸|alt=呼吸する|tr=こきゅうする, kokyū suru}}、{{t|ja|息をする|tr=いきをする, iki o suru}}、{{t+|ja|吐く|tr=はく, haku}}、{{t+|ja|吸い込む|tr=すいこむ, suikomu}} {{qualifier|吸入}} * 卡舒比语：{{t|csb|dëchac}} * 哈萨克语：{{t|kk|дем алу}} * 高棉语：{{t|km|ដកដង្ហើម}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|숨쉬다}}、{{t+|ko|호흡(呼吸)하다}}、{{t|ko|[[숨]]을 [[쉬다]]}}、{{t|ko|([[공기]]를) [[마시다]]}} * 吉尔吉斯语：{{t+|ky|дем алуу}} * 老挝语：{{t|lo|ຫາຍໃຈ}} * 拉丁语：{{t|la|spiro}}、{{t|la|respiro}}、{{t|la|hālō}} * 拉脱维亚语：{{t|lv|elpot}} * 林加拉语：{{t|ln|kopema}} * 立陶宛语：{{t|lt|kvėpuoti}} * 低地德语：{{t+|nds|aten}}、{{t+|nds|aten}} * 卢森堡语：{{t|lb|ootmen}} * 马其顿语：{{t|mk|дише|impf}} * 马来语：{{t+|ms|bernafas}}、{{t+|ms|hirup}} * 瑪姆語：{{t|mam|xewil}} * 毛利语：{{t+|mi|ngā}}、{{t|mi|whakangā}}、{{t|mi|ānene}} {{qualifier|柔和地}} * 蒙古语：{{t+|mn|амьсгалах}} * 尼泊尔语：{{t|ne|सास फेर्नु}} * 诺曼语：{{t|nrf|respither}} {{qualifier|澤西}} * 北弗里斯兰语：{{qualifier|弗爾-阿姆魯姆}} {{t|frr|öösme}}、{{t|frr|locht haale}} * 北萨米语：{{t|se|vuoiŋŋadit}} * 挪威语：{{t+|no|puste}}、{{t|no|ånde}} * 奥克语：{{t+|oc|respirar}} * 教会斯拉夫语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|cu|дꙑхати|impf}} * 古英语：{{t|ang|ēþian}}、{{t|ang|orþian}} * 鄂图曼土耳其语：{{t|ota|صولومق|tr=solumak}} * 帕皮阿门托语：{{t|pap|respirá}}、{{t|pap|hala rosea}} * 普什图语：{{t+|ps|ساکښل|tr=sākӽᶕl}} * 波斯语：{{t+|fa|نفس کشیدن|tr=nafas kešidan}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|oddychać|impf}}、{{t|pl|odetchnąć|pf}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t+|pt|respirar}} * 根合巴語：{{t|kjb| jiq’a’}} * 拉帕努伊语：{{t|rap|haa}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t+|ro|respira}} * 罗曼什语：{{t|rm|respirar}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|дыша́ть|impf}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|sh|дисати|impf}}、{{t|sh|дихати|impf}} {{qualifier|卡伊方言}} *: 罗马字母：{{t+|sh|disati|impf}}、{{t|sh|dihati|impf}} {{qualifier|卡伊方言}} * 僧伽罗语：{{t|si|හුස්ම ගන්නවා}} * 斯洛伐克语：{{t|sk|dýchať|impf}} * 斯洛文尼亚语：{{t+|sl|dihati|impf}} * 索马里语：{{t|so|neefsasho}} * 索布语： *: 下索布语：{{t|dsb|dychaś|impf}} * 西班牙语：{{t+|es|respirar}} * 蘇里南湯加語：{{t|srn|bro}} * 巽他语：{{t|su|ambekan}} * 斯瓦希里语：{{t|sw|pumua|alt=-pumua}} * 瑞典语：{{t+|sv|andas}} * 他加禄语：{{t|tl|huminga}} * 塔吉克语：{{t|tg|нафас кашидан}} * 泰语：{{t+|th|หายใจ}} * 藏语：{{t|bo|དབུགས་རྒྱག}} * 土耳其语：{{t+|tr|nefes almak}}、{{t+|tr|solumak}} * 土库曼语：{{t|tk|dem almak}} * 图瓦语：{{t|tyv|тынар}} * 乌克兰语：{{t|uk|ди́хати|impf}} * 乌尔都语：{{t|ur|سانس لینا|tr=sāns lenā}} * 维吾尔语：{{t|ug|نەپەس ئالماق}}、{{t|ug|نەپەسلەنمەك}} * 乌兹别克语：{{t|uz|nafas olmoq}} * 越南语：{{t+|vi|thở}}、{{t+|vi|hô hấp}} ({{t|vi|呼吸}}) * 沃拉普克语：{{t+|vo|natemön}} * 瓦隆语：{{t+|wa|respirer}} * 威尔士语：{{t+|cy|anadlu}} * 西弗里斯兰语：{{t+|fy|sykhelje}} * 白苗语：{{t|mww|ua pa}} * 意第绪语：{{t|yi|אָטעמען}} * 泽兰语：{{t|zea|aeseme}} * 壮语：{{t|za|diemheiq}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|Elementary|Antonymous}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|こ|きゅう|yomi=on,kanon}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|こきゅう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|こきゅう|hhira=こきふ}} # [[生物體]]與[[外界]][[環境]][[進行]][[氣體]][[交換]]的[[過程]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|深%呼%吸|しん%こ%きゅう}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸%音|こ%きゅう%おん}} * {{ja-r|過%呼%吸|か%こ%きゅう}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸 困難|こ%きゅう こんなん}} * {{ja-r|呼%吸%器|こ%きゅう%き}} ====參見==== * {{ja-r|吐く|はく}} * {{ja-r|息|いき}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=both|こきゅう|hhira=こきふ}} # [[生物體]]與[[外界]][[環境]][[進行]][[氣體]][[交換]]的[[過程]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|こきゅう}} ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=호흡}} # {{hanja form of|호흡}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|hô hấp}} ftrjbwzr7fmmf1u80rqhqsl2pl2od62 0 632074 9890442 8156894 2026-09-08T09:04:15Z Fglffer 55252 9890442 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=换气}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=huànqì,er=y |c=wun6 hei3 |mn=tw:ōaⁿ-khì/tw:ōaⁿ-khùi |mn-t=uan7 ki3 |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # [[深呼吸]]，[[屏息]]後深吸口氣；{{lb|zh|swimming}} [[浮出]][[水面]][[呼吸]] # [[更換]][[新鮮]][[空氣]]；[[提供]]空氣 # 更換[[桶裝]][[瓦斯]] ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|換氣扇|換氣機}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|き|yomi=o}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|かんき}} # {{ja-kyu sp|換気}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=환기}} # {{hanja form of|환기}} lqmc73u1rctlqoijnc889pei4vgvfjk 0 660526 9890470 6720281 2026-09-08T10:49:05Z Sayonzei 40728 9890470 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|小便}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-tiểu tiện.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-noun}} # [[排尿]] #: {{syn|vi|tiểu|đái}} ====用法說明==== * 只用於人，一般認為比 {{m|vi|đái||拉尿}} 更禮貌。 ===參見=== * {{vi-l|đại tiện|大便}} * {{l|vi|nước đái}}；{{l|vi|nước tiểu}} 14lzvlwxldtknx69dbj1gjrm3v0cacf 0 664123 9889995 6685535 2026-09-07T22:00:45Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ 更新發音 9889995 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=lièděng |c=lyut3 dang2,lyut6 dang2 |h=pfs=lot-tén;hrs=h:lodˋ denˋ |mn=xm,tw,zz:loa̍t-téng/qz:loat-tńg/tw:loat-téng |cat=a }} ===釋義=== # ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *俄语：[[низший]] [[сорт]]; [[низкого]] [[качества]] (''[[напр.]]'' [[товары]]) ; [[неполноценный]] {{翻译-底}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|力04竹06]] ==日語== {{日語-題|[[劣]][[等]]|れっとう|ps=名·形动}} 劣等，低劣。 劣等生 (成绩不好的)劣等生。 [[Category:待分類的日語詞]] [[Category:日語]] 9dkntkcnwndcsrsgviv9cugwive6g6p 9889996 9889995 2026-09-07T22:02:40Z Apisite 85347 /* 日語 */ + ja-kanjitab 9889996 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=lièděng |c=lyut3 dang2,lyut6 dang2 |h=pfs=lot-tén;hrs=h:lodˋ denˋ |mn=xm,tw,zz:loa̍t-téng/qz:loat-tńg/tw:loat-téng |cat=a }} ===釋義=== # ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} *俄语：[[низший]] [[сорт]]; [[низкого]] [[качества]] (''[[напр.]]'' [[товары]]) ; [[неполноценный]] {{翻译-底}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|力04竹06]] ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|れつ|k1=れっ|とう|yomi=on}} {{日語-題|[[劣]][[等]]|れっとう|ps=名·形动}} 劣等，低劣。 劣等生 (成绩不好的)劣等生。 [[Category:待分類的日語詞]] [[Category:日語]] 8zz1p9j6bkmx9degajckiprgfeurm9s 0 680017 9889991 9878441 2026-09-07T21:07:03Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9889991 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===讀音=== {{zh-pron |m=mùcái |c=muk6 coi4 |h=pfs=muk-chhòi;hrs=h:mug cai |mn=bo̍k-châi/twv:bo̍k-chhâi |mn-t=bhag8 cai5 |px=pt,xy:borh7 zai2 |w=sh:8moq ze;sz:8moq 3ze2 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== # {{rfdef|zh}} {{zh-mw|m:塊}} {{syn-saurus|zh|木材}} ===翻譯=== {{翻译-顶}} * 俄语：1) [[строевой]] [[лес]]; [[деловая]] [[древесина]], [[пиломатериалы]]; 2) [[древесина]], [[ксилема]]; [[древесный]] {{翻译-底}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|もく|ざい|yomi=goon}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|もくざい}} # 木材，木料，原木。 fhldx094csi81y1qebnf7njxt82fizh 0 735976 9890416 8462102 2026-09-08T08:25:25Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890416 wikitext text/x-wiki ==阿塞拜疆語== {{az-variant|сабун|صابون}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|az|ar|صَابُون}}，源自{{der|az|la|sapo}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|az|/saˈbun/}} * {{hyph|az|sa|bun}} * {{audio|az|LL-Q9292 (aze)-Azerbaijani audiorecordings-sabun.wav|音頻}} ===名詞=== {{az-noun}} # [[肥皂]] ====變格==== {{az-decl-noun|u|c}} {{C|az|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==巴厘語== ===羅馬化=== {{ban-rom}} # {{romanization of|ban|ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄}} ==布基語== ===詞源=== 源自[[wikipedia:Early_Modern_Spanish|Early Modern]] {{der|bkd|es|jabón}}，{{der|bkd|osp|xabon}}，{{der|bkd|la|sāpōnem}}，{{m|la|sāpō}} 的單數賓格，源自{{der|bkd|gem-pro|*saipǭ}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|bkd|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|bkd|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==克里米亞韃靼語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|crh|sabın|sapun}} ===詞源=== 最终源自{{der|crh|ar|صَابُون}}，源自{{der|crh|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== * {{hyph|crh|sa|bun}} ===名詞=== {{head|crh|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] ====變格==== {{crh-decl|a}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Useinov-Mireev 2002}} * {{R:crh:Luğatçıq}} {{C|crh|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==伊班語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|iba|ms|sabun}}，源自{{bor|iba|ar|صَابُون}} 或{{bor|iba|pt|sabão}}，兩者都源自{{der|iba|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|iba|/sabʊn/}} * {{hyph|iba|sa|bun}} ===名詞=== {{head|iba|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|iba|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==印尼語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|id|ms|sabun}}，源自{{der|id|ar|صَابُون}}<ref>{{cite-book|author=Erwina Burhanuddin|author2=Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan|author3=R.B. Chrismanto|title=Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia|trans-title=Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian|year=1993|publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|location=Jakarta|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29420936|isbn=979-459-296-X|oclc=29420936}}</ref>或{{der|id|pt|sabão}}，兩者都源自{{der|id|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|id|/ˈsabʊn/}} * {{audio|id|LL-Q9240 (ind)-Xbypass-sabun.wav|音頻}} * {{rhymes|id|bʊn|ʊn|n|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|id|sa|bun}} ===名詞=== {{id-noun|pl=duplication}} # [[肥皂]] ====帶後綴的詞==== {{der4|id| | bersabun | menyabun | menyabuni | menyabunkan | penyabunan }} ====複合詞==== {{der4|id| | sabun batangan | sabun bubuk | sabun cair | sabun colek | sabun cuci | sabun cukur | sabun harum | sabun karbol | sabun keras | sabun mandi | sabun wangi }} ===參考資料=== <references/> ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:KBBI Daring}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|id|asbun}} {{C|id|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==爪哇語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|jv|ar|صَابُون||肥皂}} 或{{der|jv|pt|sabão}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|jv|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|jv|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==噶瑪蘭語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ckv|nan-hbl-TW|-}} {{zh-l|雪文|sap-bûn}}。最终源自{{der|ckv|la|sāpōnem}}，{{m|la|sāpō}} 的賓格。 ===名詞=== {{head|ckv|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|ckv|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==馬京達瑙語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|mdh|ar|صَابُون}}，源自{{der|mdh|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== {{IPA|mdh|/saːbʊn/}} ===名詞=== {{mdh-noun|j=سابن}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|mdh|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==馬來語== {{wikipedia|lang=ms}} [[Image:Baby-Soap-Tindi-Ringuva.jpg|thumb|sabun]] ===詞源=== {{bor+|ms|ar|صَابُون}}，最终源自{{der|ms|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ms|/sabon/|a=Johor-Selangor}} * {{IPA|ms|/sabʊn/|a=Riau-Lingga}} * {{rhymes|ms|abon|bon|on}} * {{audio|ms|Ms-MY-sabun.ogg|音頻（馬來西亞）}} ===名詞=== {{ms-noun|j=سابون}} # [[肥皂]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|iba|sabun}} * {{desc|id|sabun}} * {{desc|bor=1|ban|ᬲᬩᬸᬦ᭄|tr=sabun}} * {{desc|bor=1|lnd|sabun}} * {{desc|bor=1|mak|sabung}} ** {{desc|bor=1|dwu|jaabu}} * {{desc|bor=1|hnm|差文}} * {{desc|bor=1|unc=1|nan-hbl|-}} {{desctree|zh|notext=1|雪文|tr=sap-bûn}} * {{desc|bor=1|su|sabun}} * {{desc|bor=1|nan-tws|雪文|tr=sab⁴ bhung⁵}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:PRPM}} {{C|ms|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==卑南語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|pyu|nan-hbl-TW|-}} {{zh-l|雪文|sap-bûn}}。最终源自{{der|pyu|la|sāpōnem}}，{{m|la|sāpō}} 的賓格。 ===名詞=== {{head|pyu|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|pyu|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==土耳其語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|tr|ota|صابون|tr=sabun}}，源自{{der|tr|ar|صَابُون}}，源自{{der|tr|la|sapō}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|tr|/sɑˈbun/}} * {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-sabun.wav|音頻}} * {{hyphenation|tr|sa|bun}} ===名詞=== {{tr-noun|u|lar}} # [[肥皂]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|bor=1|ady|сабын}} * {{desc|bor=1|kbd|сабын}} * {{desc|bor=1|kjh|сабын}} {{C|tr|衛生|盥洗用品}} ==亞坎語== ===名詞=== {{head|yka|名詞}} # [[肥皂]] {{C|yka|衛生|盥洗用品}} ojk6v0tn4psoko8sgnv7oaaxx027owv 0 894987 9890400 9010455 2026-09-08T08:23:56Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Fortaleza}} ==加利西亚语== ===词源=== 源自古加利西亚语和{{inh|gl|roa-opt|fortaleza}}（13世纪的《{{w|en:Cantigas de Santa Maria|圣母玛利亚歌集}}》），源自{{der|gl|oc-pro|-}}和{{der|gl|pro|fortalessa}}或{{bor|gl|fro|forteresce}}，源自{{der|gl|LL.|fortalitia|t=城堡}}，源自{{der|gl|la|fortis|t=强大的}}。 ===发音=== * {{IPA|gl|/foɾtaˈleθa/}} ===名词=== {{gl-noun|f}} # [[城堡]] # [[强壮]]，[[坚韧]]，[[刚毅]] ====相关词汇==== * {{l|gl|casa forte}} * {{l|gl|forte}} ===参考=== * {{R:DDGM}} * "[http://sli.uvigo.es/xelmirez/xelmirez.php?pescuda=+fort%5Beai%5D%5Blr%5De%5Bzst%C3%A7c%5D&corpus=xelmirez fortaleza]" in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: ''Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval''. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016. * {{R:DDLG}} * {{R:TILG}} * {{R:TLPGP}} ==葡萄牙语== ===词源=== 源自{{inh|pt|roa-opt|fortaleza}}，源自{{der|pt|oc-pro|-}} and {{der|pt|pro|fortalessa}}，源自{{der|pt|LL.|fortalitia|t=fortress}}，源自{{der|pt|la|fortis|t=strong}}。 ===发音=== * {{IPA|pt|/ˌfoʁ.taˈle.zɐ/|a=Brazil}} * {{homophones|pt|Fortaleza}} ===名词=== {{pt-noun|f}} # [[城堡]]，[[要塞]] #: {{syn|pt|fortificação|forte}} # {{lb|pt|比喻|指心裡上的}} [[防御]][[阵线]]，[[防御]][[工事]] #: {{syn|pt|baluarte}} # [[坚韧]]，[[刚毅]] #: {{syn|pt|força|firmeza}} # [[强壮]]，[[坚硬]] #: {{syn|pt|força|[[muque]] {{qual|俚语}}}} ==西班牙语== [[File:Civitella_del_Tronto_(file_6).jpg|thumb|{{lang|es|fortaleza}}<br>城堡]] ===词源=== 源自{{der|es|oc-pro|-}}和{{der|es|pro|fortalessa}}，源自{{der|es|LL.|fortalitia|t=城堡}}，源自{{der|es|la|fortis|t=强壮的}}。 ===发音=== {{es-pr}} * {{rhymes|es|eθa}} * {{hyph|es|for|ta|le|za}} ===名词=== {{es-noun|f}} # [[坚韧]]，[[刚毅]] # [[强度]]，[[力量]] #: {{syn|es|fuerza}} # [[坚固]]，[[稳固]] # [[城堡]]，[[要塞]] ====相关词汇==== * {{l|es|fortalecer}} * {{l|es|fuerte}} g3teh7mktddae3q48hgat76khvks01y 0 898398 9890405 9036092 2026-09-08T08:24:28Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890405 wikitext text/x-wiki ==阿斯圖里亞斯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ast|LL.|minuo|minuāre}}，{{inh+|ast|la-cla|minuō|minuere}}。 ===動詞=== {{ast-verb-ar|mengu}} # [[減少]]；[[縮小]]；[[減弱]] ====變位==== {{ast-conj-ar|mengu||mengü}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|ast|mengua}} ====參見==== * {{l|ast|amenorgar}} * {{l|ast|reducir}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|es|LL.|minuo|minuāre}}，{{inh+|es|la-cla|minuō|minuere}}。 ===發音=== {{es-pr}} ===動詞=== {{es-verb-auto}} # {{lb|es|不及物}} 月相[[虧]]、[[缺]] # {{lb|es|不及物}} [[減少]]；[[縮小]]；[[減弱]] #: {{syn|es|disminuir}} ====變位==== {{es-conj-auto}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|es|menguante}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DCECH|menguar|38|vol=Me-Re}} * {{R:es:DRAE}} b0ztgug1tve2lcez0v4vhuuqiv0i0fw 0 898448 9890407 9036107 2026-09-08T08:24:34Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890407 wikitext text/x-wiki ==葡萄牙語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{suffix|pt|merenda|ar|alt1=merenda|gloss1=點心，零食}}。 ===發音=== {{pt-IPA}} ===動詞=== {{pt-verb}} # 吃[[零食]] #: {{syn|pt|lanchar}} ====變位==== {{pt-conj}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|es|osp|merendar}}，源自{{inh|es|LL.|merendo|merendāre|遲吃午餐|pos=罕用}}，{{inh+|es|la-cla|merenda||下午茶時間吃的午餐}}，源自 {{m|la|mereō||掙得，賺得}}。 ===發音=== {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-merendar.wav;音頻（哥倫比亞）>}} ===動詞=== {{es-verb-auto|<ie>}} # 吃[[零食]]，吃（午後）[[點心]] # 吃[[午餐]] # {{lb|es|非正式}} [[打敗]]，[[擊敗]] # {{lb|es|非正式}} [[得手]]，[[獲得]] ====變位==== {{es-conj-auto|<ie>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|es|merendero}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|es|merienda}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} 56qvsnug613hg544o5sm65i1ffr220s 0 900062 9890001 7722280 2026-09-08T00:25:08Z Chihunglu83 87715 9890001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"pava"的變體}} ==西班牙语== [[Category:西班牙语]] [[Category:西班牙语名词]] f. 雌吐绶鸡，咖啡壶 pbo6uw0g35jbppg38wcgcbceoqiximi 0 908058 9890484 9809255 2026-09-08T11:19:23Z Apisite 85347 /* 漢語 */ + 湘語 - 衡陽話 9890484 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===詞源 1=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=zhòngyào |m-s=zong4yao4 |c=zung6 jiu3 |c-t=zuung5 yau1 |h=pfs=chhung-yeu;hrs=h:chung˖ rhauˇ;gd=cung4 yau4 |md=dê̤ṳng-iéu |mn=xm,zz,tw,sg:tiōng-iàu/qz,ph:tiǒng-iàu |mn-t=dong6 iou3/dong6 iao3 |mn-t_note=dong6 iou3 - 潮州; dong6 iau3 - 汕頭、揭陽、朝陽 |px=pt:doeng5 *ieo4/xy:dyoeng5 *ieo4 |w=sh:6zon iau5 |x-h=zeng5 iau |ma=y |cat=a }} ====形容詞==== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # [[重大]]而[[緊要]] #: {{zh-x|重要 環節|}} #: {{zh-x|重要 問題|}} #: {{zh-x|重要 人物|}} #: {{zh-x|重要 發現|}} #: {{zh-x|重要 意義|}} #: {{zh-x|作 重要 講話|}} #: {{zh-x|保命 更 重要。|}} #: {{zh-x|我 還有 一 件 很 重要 的 事情 要 告訴{su} 你。}} #: {{zh-x|重要 的 話 要 說 三 遍。}} =====同義詞===== {{syn-saurus|zh|重要}} =====衍生詞===== {{col3|zh|重要性|重要分子|至關重要}} =====派生詞===== {{CJKV||j=重%要|じゅう%よう|중요|trọng yếu}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top}} * 南非語：{{t+|af|belangrik}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t+|sq|rëndësishëm}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|مُهِمّ}} *: 埃及阿拉伯語：{{t|arz|مهم|m|tr=muhimm}} *: 漢志阿拉伯語：{{t|acw|مُهِم|tr=muhimm}} * 阿拉貢語：{{t|an|important}} * 亞拉姆語：{{t|arc|חסינא|m|tr=ħasīna}} *: 亞述新亞拉姆語：{{t|aii|ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ|m|tr=ānanqāyā}}、{{t|aii|ܐܵܠܨܵܝܵܐ|m|tr=ālṣāyā}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t+|hy|կարեւոր}} * 阿斯圖里亞斯語：{{t|ast|importante}} * 阿塞拜疆語：{{t+|az|mühüm}}、{{t+|az|vacib}}、{{t|az|önəmli}}、{{t+|az|əhəmiyyətli}} * 巴厘語：{{t|ban|mabuat}}、{{t|ban|gati}} * 巴什基爾語：{{t|ba|мөһим}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|garrantzitsu}} * 白俄羅斯語：{{t|be|ва́жны}} * 孟加拉語：{{t+|bn|গুরুত্বপূর্ণ}} * 保加利亞語：{{t+|bg|ва́жен}} * 緬甸語：{{t+|my|အရေးကြီး}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|important}} * 捷克語：{{t+|cs|důležitý}} * 丹麥語：{{t+|da|vigtig}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|belangrijk}} * 埃及語：{{t-egy|wr|h=wr:r}} * 英語：{{t+|en|important}}、{{t+|en|significant}}、{{t+|en|major}} * 世界語：{{t+|eo|grava}} * 愛沙尼亞語：{{t+|et|tähtis}}、{{t+|et|oluline}} * 埃斯特雷馬杜拉語：{{t|ext|emportanti}} * 法羅語：{{t|fo|umráðandi}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|tärkeä}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|important}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|importante}} * 格魯吉亞語：{{t|ka|მნიშვნელოვანი}} * 德語：{{t+|de|wichtig}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|σημαντικός}} * 海地克里奧爾語：{{t|ht|enpòtan}} * 希伯來語：{{t+|he|חָשׁוּב|tr=khashúv}} * 印地語：{{t|hi|महत्वपूर्ण}}、{{t|hi|अहम}} * 匈牙利語：{{t+|hu|fontos}} * 冰島語：{{t+|is|mikilvægur}} * 伊多語：{{t+|io|importanta}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|penting}} * 英格里亞語：{{t|izh|vaažnoi}} * 因特語：{{t|ia|importante}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|tábhachtach}}、{{t|ga|mórluachach}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|importante}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|重要|tr=jūyō}}、{{t+|ja|大切|tr=taisetsu}} * 卡納達語：{{t+|kn|ಮುಖ್ಯ}} * 哈薩克語：{{t+|kk|маңызды}} * 高棉語：{{t+|km|សំខាន់|tr=somkən}} * 朝鮮語：{{t+|ko|중요하다}} * 庫爾德語： *: 中庫爾德語：{{t+|ckb|گرنگ}} *: 北庫爾德語：{{t+|kmr|giring}}、{{t+|kmr|fer}} * 吉爾吉斯語：{{t+|ky|маанилүү}}、{{t|ky|олуттуу}} * 老撾語：{{t|lo|ສຳຄັນ}} * 拉丁語：{{t+|la|gravis}}、{{t+|la|magnus}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|svarīgs}}、{{t|lv|nozīmīgs}} * 立陶宛語：{{t+|lt|svarbus}} * 路易斯安那克里奧爾法語：{{t|lou|importan}}、{{t|lou|gro}} * 盧森堡語：{{t+|lb|wichteg}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|ва́жен}}、{{t|mk|зна́чаен}} * 馬來語：{{t|ms|penting}} * 馬拉雅拉姆語：{{t|ml|അതിപ്രധാനമായ}}、{{t|ml|മുഖ്യമായ}}、{{t|ml|ഗൗരവമുള്ള}}、{{t|ml|ഉയര്‍ന്ന പദവിയിലുള്ള}} * 馬爾他語：{{t|mt|importanti}} * 毛利語：{{t|mi|tiketike}}、{{t|mi|matua}}、{{t|mi|hira}}、{{t|mi|mātuatua}}、{{t|mi|pūwhero}} {{qualifier|人的級別}}、{{t|mi|pūwhewhero}} {{qualifier|人的級別}} * 米蘭德斯語：{{t|mwl|amportante}} * 蒙古語：{{t+|mn|чухал}} * 納瓦霍語：{{t|nv|tsʼídá bíhólníihgo}} * 尼泊爾語：{{t|ne|महत्वपूर्ण}} * 諾曼語：{{t|nrf|împortant}} * 挪威語：{{t+|no|alvorlig}}、{{t+|no|betydelig}}、{{t+|no|viktig}} * 奧克語：{{t+|oc|important}} * 古英語：{{t|ang|hefiġ}} * 奧利亞語：{{t|or|ଗୁରୁତ୍ବପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ}} * 波斯語：{{t+|fa|مهم|tr=mohemm}} * 門諾低地德語：{{t|pdt|wichtich}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|ważny|m}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|importante}} * 旁遮普語：{{t|pa|ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|important}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|ва́жный}}、{{t+|ru|зна́чимый}} * 薩摩亞語：{{t|sm|tāua}} * 梵語：{{t+|sa|गुरु}}、{{t|sa|अत्यावश्यक}} * 蘇格蘭蓋爾語：{{t|gd|cudromach}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 西里爾字母：{{t|sh|важан}} *: 拉丁字母：{{t+|sh|važan}} * 僧加羅語：{{t|si|වැදගත්}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t+|sk|dôležitý}} * 斯洛文尼亞語：{{t|sl|pomémben}}、{{t|sl|važen}} * 索布語： *: 下索布語：{{t|dsb|wažny}} *: 上索布語：{{t|hsb|wažny}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|importante}} * 斯瓦希里語：{{t+|sw|muhimu}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|viktig}}、{{t+|sv|betydelsefull}} * 他加祿語：{{t|tl|mahalagá}} * 塔吉克語：{{t|tg|муҳим}} * 泰米爾語：{{t+|ta|முக்கியம்}}、{{t+|ta|பிரதானம்}}、{{t+|ta|பாரதூரம்}} * 泰盧固語：{{t+|te|ముఖ్యమైన}} * 德頓語：{{t|tet|importante}} * 泰語：{{t+|th|สำคัญ}}、{{t+|th|เอ้|tr=ây}} * 藏語：{{t|bo|གལ་ཆེན་པོ}} * 湯加語：{{t|to|mahuʻinga}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|önemli}}、{{t+|tr|mühim}} * 土庫曼語：{{t|tk|dahylly}}、{{t|tk|möhüm}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t+|uk|важли́вий}}、{{t|uk|значни́й}}、{{t+|uk|важни́й}} * 烏爾都語：{{t|ur|اہم|tr=aham}} * 烏茲別克語：{{t+|uz|muhim}} * 越南語：{{t+|vi|quan trọng}}、{{t+|vi|trọng yếu}} * 沃拉普克語：{{t+|vo|veütik}} * 瓦隆語：{{t+|wa|impôrtant}}、{{t+|wa|consecant}} * 威爾士語：{{t+|cy|pwysig}} * 西弗里斯蘭語：{{t|fy|wichtich}} * 意第緒語：{{t|yi|וויכטיק}}、{{t|yi|חשובֿ|tr=khoshev}} * 扎扎其語：{{t|zza|mihim}} {{trans-bottom}} ===詞源 2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |c=zung6 jiu3 |cat=conj }} ====連詞==== {{head|zh|連詞}} # {{lb|zh|粵語}} {{&lit|zh|重|要}}而、亦 #: {{zh-x|佢 成{seng4}日 遲 返 都 不特只，仲\'''重''' '''要''' 做 咩 都 做 錯 嗮。|他不僅總是遲到，'''而且'''做什麼事都搞砸。|C}} =====使用說明===== 通常寫成{{zh-m|[[仲]][[要]]}}。 {{zh-cat|Beginning}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=on|じゅう|よう}} ===詞源=== {{IPAchar|/djuːeu/}} → {{IPAchar|/d͡ʑuːeu/}} → {{IPAchar|/d͡ʑuːjoː/}} 來自{{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=じゅうよう}}組詞{{m|zh|重要|tr=drjowng^X ʔjiew^H}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|じゅうよう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===形容詞=== {{ja-adj|infl=na|じゅうよう|hhira=ぢゆうえう}} # [[#漢語|重要]] #: {{ja-usex|[[あの]][[テスト]]は'''重%要'''[[だ]]。|^あの テスト は '''じゅう%よう''' だ。|這個測驗很'''重要'''。}} ====活用==== {{ja-na|じゅうよう}} ====同義詞==== * {{ja-r|大%切|たい%せつ}} * {{ja-r|肝%腎|かん%じん}} * {{ja-r|肝%要|かん%よう}} ====反義詞==== * {{ja-r|些%細|さ%さい}} * {{ja-r|軽%微|けい%び}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|じゅうよう|hhira=ぢゆうえう}} # [[#漢語|重要]] ===來源=== <references/> :* {{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}} :* {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=중요}} # {{hanja form of|중요|}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab}} ===形容詞=== {{vi-adj|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|trọng yếu|}} 0iz556yz7kymh59mamfalvkdmhy7x5g 0 911784 9889911 9889878 2026-09-07T13:23:52Z Fglffer 55252 /* 名詞 */ 9889911 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=下层}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=xiàcéng |c=haa6 cang4 |mn=qz:hǎ-chân/tw,xm:hā-chân/zz:hēe-chân/qz:ě-chân/xm:ē-chân/zz:ēe-chân |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 較[[低階]]的[[層級]] # [[組織]][[底層]] ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|夏家店下層文化}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|か|そう|yomi=o}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|かそう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|かそう}} # 較[[低階]]的[[層級]] # [[重疊]][[物品]]的[[底部]] ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=하층}} # {{hanja form of|하층}} mu749h6axwyrnavx4r8tmyni4sz5lpp 0 914350 9890007 5154732 2026-09-08T02:37:40Z 苍穹一粟 112995 9890007 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しん|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== 變自{{m|ja|信ずる|tr=shinzuru}}。<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/> ===發音=== {{ja-pron|しんじる|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-acc-table|verb-ichidan|しんじる|acc=3|て-form-acc=1}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb|しんじる|type=2|tr=trans}} # [[相信]] #: {{ja-usex|[[地%球]]は[[丸い]][[もの]]だ[[とは]]'''信じ'''られていなかった。|ち%きゅう は まるい もの だ と は '''しんじ'''られて いなかった。|人們曾經不'''相信'''地球是圓的。}} # [[信賴]] #: {{syn|ja|[[信頼]]する|tr=shinrai suru}} #: {{ja-usex|[[人]]を'''信じる'''|ひと を '''しんじる'''|'''信賴'''一個人}} # [[信仰]] {{gloss|[[宗教]]等}} #: {{ja-usex|[[キリスト教]]を'''信じる'''|キリスト きょう を '''しんじる'''| '''信仰'''基督教}} #: {{ja-usex|[[私]]は[[神]]を'''信じない'''。|わたし は かみ を '''しんじない'''。|我'''不信'''神。}} ====活用==== {{ja-ichi|しんじ}} {{ja-conj-ex|しんじ|i}} ====派生詞==== * {{ja-r|信じ込む|しんじこむ}} * {{ja-r|信じられない|しんじられない}} * {{ja-r|耳を信じて目を疑う|みみ を しんじて め を うたがう}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} :* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0003601500}} [[Category:日语]] imu96jnlen22u1igixvdzo8oijwz5p1 9890455 9890007 2026-09-08T09:50:31Z Fglffer 55252 9890455 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しん|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== 變自{{m|ja|信ずる|tr=shinzuru}}。<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/> {{ja-from-irreg-s-iru}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|しんじる|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-acc-table|verb-ichidan|しんじる|acc=3|て-form-acc=1}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb|しんじる|type=2|tr=trans}} # [[相信]] #: {{ja-usex|[[地%球]]は[[丸い]][[もの]]だ[[とは]]'''信じ'''られていなかった。|ち%きゅう は まるい もの だ と は '''しんじ''' られて いなかった。|人們曾經不'''相信'''地球是圓的。}} #* {{RQ:ja:AB|000074/files/427_19793}} #*: {{ja-usex|桜の樹の[[下]]には[[屍%体]]が[[埋まる|埋まって]] いる！これは'''信じて'''いいこと[[なんだ]]よ。|^さくら の き の した に は し%たい が うまって いる！ ^これ は '''しんじて''' い.い こと なんだ よ。|櫻花樹下埋著屍體！這是你該'''相信'''的事。}} # [[信賴]] #: {{syn|ja|[[信頼]]する|tr=shinrai suru}} #: {{ja-usex|[[人]]を'''信じる'''|ひと を '''しんじる'''|'''信賴'''一個人}} # [[信仰]] #: {{ja-usex|[[キリスト教]]を'''信じる'''|キリスト きょう を '''しんじる'''| '''信'''基督教}} #: {{ja-usex|[[私]]は[[神]]を'''信じない'''。|わたし は かみ を '''しんじない'''。|我不'''信'''神。}} ====活用==== {{ja-ichi|しんじ}} {{ja-conj-ex|しんじ|i}} ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|信じ込む|しんじこむ}} * {{ja-r|信じられない|しんじられない}} * {{ja-r|耳を信じて目を疑う|みみ を しんじて め を うたがう}} ===來源=== {{reflist}} :* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0003601500}} 4wimrqaluzrj96aaehyppx77h6w9afe 9890456 9890455 2026-09-08T09:50:46Z Fglffer 55252 9890456 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しん|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== 變自{{m|ja|信ずる|tr=shinzuru}}。<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/> ===發音=== {{ja-pron|しんじる|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR}} {{ja-acc-table|verb-ichidan|しんじる|acc=3|て-form-acc=1}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb|しんじる|type=2|tr=trans}} # [[相信]] #: {{ja-usex|[[地%球]]は[[丸い]][[もの]]だ[[とは]]'''信じ'''られていなかった。|ち%きゅう は まるい もの だ と は '''しんじ''' られて いなかった。|人們曾經不'''相信'''地球是圓的。}} #* {{RQ:ja:AB|000074/files/427_19793}} #*: {{ja-usex|桜の樹の[[下]]には[[屍%体]]が[[埋まる|埋まって]] いる！これは'''信じて'''いいこと[[なんだ]]よ。|^さくら の き の した に は し%たい が うまって いる！ ^これ は '''しんじて''' い.い こと なんだ よ。|櫻花樹下埋著屍體！這是你該'''相信'''的事。}} # [[信賴]] #: {{syn|ja|[[信頼]]する|tr=shinrai suru}} #: {{ja-usex|[[人]]を'''信じる'''|ひと を '''しんじる'''|'''信賴'''一個人}} # [[信仰]] #: {{ja-usex|[[キリスト教]]を'''信じる'''|キリスト きょう を '''しんじる'''| '''信'''基督教}} #: {{ja-usex|[[私]]は[[神]]を'''信じない'''。|わたし は かみ を '''しんじない'''。|我不'''信'''神。}} ====活用==== {{ja-ichi|しんじ}} {{ja-conj-ex|しんじ|i}} ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|信じ込む|しんじこむ}} * {{ja-r|信じられない|しんじられない}} * {{ja-r|耳を信じて目を疑う|みみ を しんじて め を うたがう}} ===來源=== {{reflist}} :* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0003601500}} 9bexx3oxv6yexb3s4nykurysfnxi989 0 925654 9890443 7759253 2026-09-08T09:05:08Z Fglffer 55252 9890443 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|き|yomi=o}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|かんき|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|かんき}} # [[通風]] ====衍生詞==== * {{l/ja|換気扇}} ===Verb=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|かんき}} # [[通風]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|かんき}} ===來源=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0001077400}} m5jitm954par1k3325uuuo3qc67t2xf 9890477 9890443 2026-09-08T10:54:32Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 日語 */ 9890477 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|き|yomi=o}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|かんき|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|かんき}} # [[通風]] ====衍生詞==== * {{ja-r|換%気%扇|かん%き%せん}} ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|かんき}} # [[通風]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|かんき}} ===來源=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0001077400}} mlcjelavqaep646gpp6yy5k14svnru6 0 938052 9890445 8234476 2026-09-08T09:15:44Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 語源2 */ 9890445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|元氣}} ==日语== ===語源1=== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|げん|き}} ====發音==== {{ja-pron|げんき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|げんき}} # [[精神]]，[[精力]] #: {{ja-x|'''元%気'''を出せ|'''げん%き''' を だせ|打起'''精神'''来}} # [[健康]] #: {{ja-x|お'''元%気'''ですか。|お-'''げん%き''' ですか。|您身體好嗎？}} ====形容詞==== {{ja-adj|infl=na|げんき}} # 有[[精神]]的，[[精力]][[充沛]]的，有[[朝氣]]的 # [[身體]][[結實]]的，[[健康]]的，[[硬朗]]的 =====活用===== {{ja-na|げんき}} {{ja-conj-bungo|げんき|adj-nar}} ===語源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k,kanon|もと|き}} ====發音==== {{ja-pron|もとき}} ====專有名詞==== {{ja-pos|proper|もとき}} # {{given name|ja|男性|sort=もとき}} ===參考資料=== <references/> bws0yltuncfsm3slqceapaelbnnlnft 0 953575 9890384 9015934 2026-09-08T08:22:18Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|alcuño}} ==因特語== ===其他形式=== * {{l|ia|alicuno}} ===代詞=== {{head|ia|代詞}} # [[某人]] ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|VL.|*alicūnus}}，{{inh+|it|la-cla|aliquis|aliquem|某人，某事物}} + {{m|la|unus|ūnum|一}}。<ref>{{cite-book|it|last=Patota|first=Giuseppe|title=Lineamenti di grammatica storica dell'italiano|year=2002|publisher=il Mulino|location=Bologna|isbn=88-15-08638-2|page=140}}</ref> 同源詞包括{{cog|fr|aucun}}、{{cog|es|alguno}}、{{cog|gl|algún}}、{{cog|pt|algum}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|alcùno}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # {{lb|it|in the plural}} [[一些]]，[[若干]] #: {{syn|it|qualche}} # {{qualifier|用於否定句}} [[毫不]] #: {{syn|it|nessuno}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aclnou|Lucano|culona|lucano}} ixtaawjpw5cywy0u45ucxr2cx5ci1us 0 974169 9890059 4916767 2026-09-08T06:44:55Z Sayonzei 40728 9890059 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{af|it|dis-|attivare}} ===發音=== {{it-pr}}<!-- with [z] --> ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ì}} # [[去掉]][[雷管]] #: {{syn|it|disinnescare|disarmare}} # 使[[失效]]，使無法[[運行]] #: {{syn|it|disabilitare}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ì}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|it|attivare}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|disattivazione}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiirsttv|disattiverà}} 2scnq7zcs16gn47gae4g30tf6euphrh 0 974312 9890080 4917248 2026-09-08T06:49:41Z Sayonzei 40728 9890080 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|incantare}} 源自 {{af|it|dis-|incantare}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物|literally}} 使從[[魔法]]中[[解脫]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻}} 使[[醒悟]]，使不再有[[幻想]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disincantato}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeiinnrst|disincanterà|incardinaste}} rjo539sqqngzu5kwx6ezddx0mdy1428 0 974314 9890083 4917249 2026-09-08T06:50:20Z Sayonzei 40728 9890083 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disincantare}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # [[擺脫]][[魔法]]的 # [[醒悟]]的 sy1nsuxz4ejqn1ef3anhrhgog4n2637 0 974316 9890088 4917250 2026-09-08T06:51:18Z Sayonzei 40728 9890088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|disincantò}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|disincànto}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|m}} # [[幻滅]] ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|s|pres|indc}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdiinnost|discantino|incistando|nasconditi}} 8zql4wj89z15ss8jxzryp5qi6ebk6k9 0 974618 9890395 7624551 2026-09-08T08:23:16Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890395 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|destruggere}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|VL.|*destrugō|*destrugere}}，{{inh+|it|la-cla|dēstruō}}，源自 {{m|la|de-|dē-}} + {{m|la|struō||建築，修建}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|distrùggere<audio:LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-distruggere.wav>}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\ù,distrùssi,distrùtto}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[摧毀]]，[[破壞]] #: {{ant|it|costruire}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\\@}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|distruggersi}} * {{l|it|distrutto}} * {{l|it|distruzione}} c9kfohh0doevcn86f2p6not47954f22 0 978077 9890420 9104264 2026-09-08T08:25:45Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890420 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|VL.|*expaventō|*expaventāre}}，派生自{{der|it|la-cla|expaveō}} 的現在分詞。對照{{cog|es,pt,oc,ca|espantar}}、{{cog|ca,oc|espaventar}}；{{cog|fr|épouvanter}}；{{cog|scn|scantari}}；亦參見{{cog|ro|înspăimânta}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|+<audio:LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-spaventare.wav>}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/è}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[嚇唬]]，使[[害怕]]，使[[驚恐]] #: {{syn|it|[[fare]] [[spavento]]|[[mettere]] [[paura]]|[[incutere]] [[timore]]|intimorire|spaurire}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/è}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col3|it |spaventarsi |spaventapasseri |spaventato |spaventevole |spavento |spaventoso }} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|es|aspaventar|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaeenprstv|presentava|spaventerà}} a9bb4g8zbukzgzibtwn67myo4tmyijw 0 978222 9890422 7571635 2026-09-08T08:25:54Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890422 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== {{wikipedia|lang=it}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|LL.|-}}複數{{m|la|speciēs||商品，製品}}，來自{{bor|it|la-cla|-}}單數{{m|la|speciēs||種類，特性，類型}}。{{doublet|it|specie}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|spètsie}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f-p}} # [[香料]] #: {{syn|it|droghe|g1=f-p}} ====使用說明==== * 常見的非正式上下文，也使用單數形{{m|it|spezia||香料}}。 *: {{ux|it|La curcuma è una '''spezia''' molto impiegata nella cucina indiana.|薑黃是印度菜中最廣泛使用的'''香料'''。}} ====衍生詞==== {{col5 |it|portaspezie |speziale |speziare |speziato |spezieria }} ====派生詞==== * {{desc|el|Σπέτσες|t=斯佩察島}} {{C|it|香料和香草}} gfeztqrpi3o53chqnw1xid20kwqe42a 0 980686 9890426 9020978 2026-09-08T08:26:38Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890426 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|VL.|*traxino|*traxīnāre}}，源自 {{m|VL.|*tragino|*tragīnāre}}，源自 {{m|la|*tragere}}，{{inh+|it|la-cla|trahō|trahere}}。對照{{cog|fr|traîner}}、{{cog|es|trajinar}}。參見同源對似詞 {{doublet|it|notext=1|trainare}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ì}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[拖]]，[[拉]]，[[拽]]，[[曳]] #: {{syn|it|condurre|tirare|strascicare}} # {{lb|it|及物}} 把不願行動的人[[強行]]拖走、拉走 #: {{syn|it|trasportare}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ì}} ====派生詞彙==== {{hcol3}} * {{l|it|strascinare}} * {{l|it|trascinarsi}} * {{l|it|trascinamento}} * {{l|it|trascinante}} * {{l|it|trascinatore}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|trainare}} * {{l|it|trarre}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaceinrrst|cinerastra|incastrare|incastrerà|rincaraste|rintascare|scartinare|scartinerà|trascinerà}} 6uvkx21u4a0hzom24rw7fwxjydcrm9d 0 990792 9889924 9177991 2026-09-07T16:39:24Z Fglffer 55252 /* 漢語 */ 9889924 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=跃进}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=yuèjìn |c=joek6 zeon3 |mn=qz,xm:io̍k-chìn/zz:ia̍k-chìn/xm,zz:iāu-chìn |px=pt:oeh7 zing4/xy:yoeh7 zing4 |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} {{tlb|zh|intransitive}} # {{lb|zh|literally}} [[跳躍]][[前進]]，[[快速]]前進 #* {{zh-x|一見 短-袖子，立刻 想到 白-臂膊，立刻 想到 全-裸體，立刻 想到 生殖器，立刻 想到 性交，立刻 想到 雜交，立刻 想到 私生子。中國人 的 想像 惟 在 這 一層 能夠 如此 躍進。|ref={{w|魯迅}}《{{w|而已集}}·[[s:小雜感|小雜感]]》}} # {{lb|zh|figuratively}} [[改善]] ====同義詞==== * {{sense|前進}} {{syn-saurus|zh|往前走}} * {{sense|改善}} {{syn-saurus|zh|改善}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|大躍進|躍進橋}} {{zh-cat|Intermediate}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|やく|しん|yomi=on}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|やくしん|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|やくしん}} # 大[[進步]]，大[[突破]] ===動詞=== {{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|やくしん}} # 大[[進步]]，大[[突破]] ====活用==== {{ja-suru|やくしん}} ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=약진}} # {{hanja form of|약진}} o4itezzrnfztweeieerxoq4oc0kdpsa 0 993436 9889990 8511047 2026-09-07T21:00:58Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9889990 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=列车}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=lièchē |c=lit6 ce1 |mn=lia̍t-chhia |mn-t=liag8 cia1 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[眾多]]的[[車陣]] # 用[[火車頭]]拖動[[車廂]]，[[連接]]成一列的[[火車]] #: {{zh-x|旅客 列車|}} ====使用說明==== * {{lang|zh|列車}}有時會用來取代{{lang|zh|火車}}，因為隨著科技發展，已不再用蒸汽來當動力。但這個詞只指{{lang|zh|火車}}本身，而非運輸方式。以下的術語無法被取代： ** {{zh-x|火車 票|}} ** {{zh-x|火車 站|}} ** {{zh-x|坐 火車|}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|列車長|列車員|貨物列車|子彈列車}} ====參見==== * {{zh-l|地鐵}} * {{zh-l|動車}} * {{zh-l|高鐵}} * {{zh-l|火車}} * {{zh-l|鐵路}} {{zh-cat|Intermediate|鐵路運輸}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|れつ|k1=れっ|しゃ|yomi=kanon,on}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|れっしゃ|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=1|acc2_ref=DJR,NHK}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|れっしゃ}} # {{lb|ja|railroads|sort=れっしゃ}} 用[[火車頭]]拖動[[車廂]]，[[連接]]成一列的[[火車]] ====上位語==== * {{ja-r|電%車|でん%しゃ}}：電力火車 * {{ja-r|汽%車|き%しゃ}}：蒸汽火車 * {{ja-r|気%動%車|き%どう%しゃ}}：柴油火車 ===來源=== <references /> * {{R:Shogakukan}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=열차}} # {{hanja form of|열차|}} nybjh68y7ktxllrzlh3qx81yvtftz32 0 1023270 9890408 8085757 2026-09-08T08:24:42Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890408 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加利西亞語== ===詞源=== {{dercat|gl|ine-pro}} {{inh+|gl|roa-opt|minguar}}（13世紀，《{{w2|en|Cantigas de Santa Maria|聖母瑪利亞頌歌}}》），{{inh+|gl|LL.|minuo|minuāre}}，{{inh+|gl|la-cla|minuō|minuere}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|gl|[miŋˈɣwaɾ]}} ===動詞=== {{gl-verb}}<br> {{gl-reinteg-verb}} # {{lb|gl|不及物}} [[月虧]]，[[月]][[缺]] # [[減少]]，[[縮小]] ====變位==== {{gl-conj}} {{gl-reinteg-conj}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:gl:DDGM}} * {{R:gl:CX}} * {{R:gl:DDLG}} * {{R:gl:TILG}} * {{R:gl:Estraviz}} * {{R:TLPGP}} ==葡萄牙語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pt|mingar}} * {{alt|pt|mingoar||棄用}} ===詞源=== {{dercat|pt|ine-pro}} {{inh+|pt|roa-opt|minguar}}，{{inh+|pt|LL.|minuo|minuāre}}，{{inh+|pt|la-cla|minuō|minuere}}。對照{{cog|gl|minguar}}、{{cog|es|menguar}}。 ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|br=+|pt=mingu.ar,+}} * {{hyphenation|pt|min|guar}} ===動詞=== {{pt-verb}} # {{lb|pt|不及物}} [[月虧]]，[[月]][[缺]] #: {{ant|pt|crescer}} # [[減少]]，[[縮小]] #: {{syn|pt|diminuir}} ====變位==== {{pt-conj}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|pt|míngua}} * {{l|pt|minguante}} * {{l|pt|quarto minguante}} fspskmzb4wby8ab750pj8ety90ufuxb 0 1036056 9889937 6039633 2026-09-07T17:02:16Z TongcyDai 53191 9889937 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohe.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} ==漢斯立克語== ===發音=== {{hrx-pr|+<hmp:Frohe>}} ===詞源1=== {{inh+|hrx|gmh|vrāgen}}，{{inh+|hrx|goh|frāgēn}}、{{m|goh|frahen|frahēn/frāhēn}}，{{inh+|hrx|gmw-pro|*frāgēn}}。和{{cog|de|fragen}}同源。 ====動詞==== {{head|hrx|動詞}} # [[問]] #: {{ux|hrx|Kann-ich dich etwas '''frohe'''?|我可以'''問'''你一件事嗎？}} =====變位===== {{hrx-conj-regular|froh|hon}} ===詞源2=== {{nonlemma}} ====形容詞==== {{head|hrx|形容詞變格形}} # {{infl of|hrx|froh||wk|m//f//n|nom//acc|p|;|wk|m|acc|s|;|wk|m//f//n|dat|s//p|;|str|f|nom|s|;|str|m//f//n|nom//acc//dat|p|;|str|m//f|acc|s}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:hrx:Boll|60|2}} 231rscvp65mfqbimp5uab0pgqhevvh7 0 1048353 9889907 8297878 2026-09-07T12:52:05Z Fglffer 55252 9889907 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=12}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=qiūlǎohǔ |c=cau1 lou5 fu2 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # [[秋季]]（中國民間原指[[立秋]]後）出現的[[炎熱]][[天氣]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|秋季出現的炎熱天氣}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|صَيْف هِنْدِيّ}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|uda txiki}}、{{t|eu|San Martin hegoak}}、{{t|eu|San Martinetako uda txiki}} * 白俄羅斯語：{{t|be|бабі́на ле́та}} * 保加利亞語：{{t|bg|циганско лято|n}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t|ca|estiuet de Sant Martí}} * 捷克語：{{t+|cs|babí léto|n}}、{{t|cs|indiánské léto|n}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|nazomer|m}} * 英語：{{t+|en|Indian summer}}、{{t+|en|St. Luke's summer}} {{qual|十月出現者}}、{{t+|en|St. Martin's summer}} {{qual|十一月出現者}} * 厄爾茲亞語：{{t|myv|сово}} * 法羅語：{{t|fo|heystlýkka|f}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|intiaanikesä}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|été de la Saint-Martin|m}} {{qualifier|十一月出現者}}、{{t+|fr|été des Indiens|m}}、{{t+|fr|été indien|m}} {{qualifier|主要用於加拿大；法國較少用}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Altweibersommer|m}} * 希臘語：{{t|el|γαϊδουροκαλόκαιρο|n}} * 希伯來語：{{t|he|קיץ אינדיאני}} * 匈牙利語：{{t+|hu|vénasszonyok nyara}}、{{t+|hu|indián nyár}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|samhradh beag|m}} * 意大利語：{{t|it|estate di San Martino|m}} {{qualifier|十一月出現者}}、{{t|it|estate indiana|f}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|小春|tr=[[こはる]], [[koharu]]}}、{{t+|ja|小春日和|tr=[[こはるびより]], [[koharu-biyori]]}} * 哈薩克語：{{t|kk|қоңыр күз}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|인디언 서머}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|atvasara|f}} * 立陶宛語：{{t|lt|bobų vasara}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|ци́ганско ле́то|n}}、{{t|mk|ѓу́пско ле́то|n}} * 諾曼語：{{t|nrf|p'tit êté|m}} {{qual|澤西}} * 挪威語： *: 書面挪威語：{{t|nb|sensommer|m}} * 波斯語：{{t|fa|گرمای پاییزه}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|babie lato|n}}、{{t|pl|złota jesień|f}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t|pt|veranico|m}}、{{t|pt|verão de São Martinho|m}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t|ro|vară indiană|f}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|ба́бье ле́то|n}}、{{t+|ru|инде́йское ле́то|n}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 拉丁字母：{{t|sh|bablje ljeto}}、{{t|sh|Miholjsko ljeto}}、{{t|sh|Martinjsko ljeto}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|veranillo|m}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|indiansommar|c}}、{{t+|sv|brittsommar}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|pastırma yazı}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t+|uk|бабине літо}} * 威爾士語：{{t|cy|Haf Bach Mihangel}} {{trans-bottom}} {{zh-cat|氣象學}} 7gbb1y790elldzjrdcm2w7zha2nyima 0 1077928 9889988 8511405 2026-09-07T20:50:36Z Jiba1219 110530 /* 日語 */ 9889988 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=语族}} {{zh-wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=yǔzú |c=jyu5 zuk6 |md=ngṳ̄-cŭk |mn=xm,tp:gú-cho̍k/qz:gír-cho̍k/zz,kh:gí-cho̍k |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|linguistics}} [[語言]][[系屬]][[分類]]，在[[語系]]之下、[[語支]]之上 #: {{zh-x|斯拉夫.語族|}} #: {{zh-x|閃米特.語族|}} #* {{zh-x|語族 和 民族 是 兩 個 不同 的 概念，有-著[着]{zhe} 本質 的 區別。||ref={{lw|zh|s:新疆的若干历史问题|新疆的若干历史问题|pref=《|suf=》}}}} ====衍生詞==== {{col3|zh|突厥語族|苗瑤語族|漢語族|藏緬語族|斯拉夫語族|羅曼語族|日耳曼語族}} ==日語== {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} {{ja-kanjitab|ご|ぞく|yomi=goon}} ===發音=== * {{ja-pron|ごぞく|acc=1|acc_ref=NHK}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ごぞく}} # {{lb|ja|linguistics|sort=ごぞく}} [[語系]] ====下位詞==== * {{ja-r|語派|ごは|語族}} * {{ja-r|語%群|ご%ぐん}} ===來源=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab|}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=어족}} # {{hanja form of|어족|[[語系]]}} ==越南語== {{vi-hantutab|}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} # {{han tu form of|ngữ tộc|語族}} 37o7m6dggtfajhtc6twgi6wjg4qivoh 0 1127553 9890465 8347969 2026-09-08T10:44:12Z Sayonzei 40728 9890465 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-native|ss|오좀〮|wòcwóm}} ===發音=== {{ko-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun}} # [[尿]] #: {{syn|ko|소변(小便)|요(尿)}} #: {{uxi|ko|'''오줌''' [[누다]]|排'''尿'''}} #: {{uxi|ko|[[한차례]] '''오줌'''을 [[싸다|쌌다]]|撒了一泡'''尿'''}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|ko|오줌검사(檢査)|오줌싸개|오줌통|똥오줌}} {{C|ko|體液}} ou0wa87bt5rzvl25sdu7ff6xy42gfra 0 1138878 9890377 5621030 2026-09-08T08:12:33Z Fglffer 55252 9890377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=38|rad=女|as=03|sn=6|four=|canj=VNO|ids=⿰女久}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0256.041|dkj=06048|dj=0518.070|hdz=21027.030|uh=597A}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|alt=𡚰}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=jiǔ |c=gau2 |mc= |oc= |ma= |cat=pn,n }} ===釋義=== {{head|zh|漢字}} # [[古代]][[女子]][[人名]] # [[寡婦]]在[[丈夫]]死後[[守貞]] r05hmglotjydimqw8g1gyel8ke1fdpx 0 1142795 9890002 9843234 2026-09-08T01:49:55Z ~2026-48563-60 135106 /* 漢字 */ 9890002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} 幹幹 ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} ====相關字==== * {{l|mul|[[榦]]}}（異體字） ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g= |h=pfs= |j= |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |w=sh:5koe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |cat=n,v,a,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} jii4yorfkqiasck6yxnwbtix4mrk9v6 9890003 9890002 2026-09-08T01:50:55Z ~2026-48563-60 135106 /* 漢字 */ 9890003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} 幹你娘 ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} ====相關字==== * {{l|mul|[[榦]]}}（異體字） ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g= |h=pfs= |j= |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |w=sh:5koe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |cat=n,v,a,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} 37ezbf621s64qoi397dfc78a7wc3wej 9890004 9890003 2026-09-08T01:57:09Z ~2026-48563-60 135106 /* 漢字 */ 9890004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} 幹你娘 ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} 我是動感超人 ====相關字==== * {{l|mul|[[榦]]}}（異體字） ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g= |h=pfs= |j= |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |w=sh:5koe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |cat=n,v,a,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} js5x3ilu2yx5ra2y1gxueej3qjp40xy 9890005 9890004 2026-09-08T01:58:06Z ~2026-48563-60 135106 /* 相關字 */ 9890005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} 幹你娘 ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} 我是動感超人 ====相關字==== * {{l|mul|[[幹]]}}（異體字） ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g= |h=pfs= |j= |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |w=sh:5koe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |cat=n,v,a,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} rd7exe43uf4lkbq39pihyla07as8ux6 9890012 9890005 2026-09-08T05:56:19Z Fglffer 55252 9890012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g= |h=pfs= |j= |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |w=sh:5koe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |cat=n,v,a,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} o4vucax20ptvi8pertnoz2etpmy9hxy 9890379 9890012 2026-09-08T08:14:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9890379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=51|rad=干|as=10|sn=13|four=48441|canj=JJOMJ|ids=⿰𠦝𫢉}} ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿨擀澣檊𩼛𭗠𦼮簳}} ====來源==== {{Han ref|kx=0341.090|dkj=09183|dj=0650.010|hdz=10409.090|ch=00004840006.010|sbgy=0401.270|uh=5E79}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=干|alt=榦,龫,𫢉}} ===字源=== {{Han etym}} {{Han compound|倝|干|c1=s|c2=p|ls=psc}}。 ===詞源1=== 粗俗用語的義項是從{{der|cmn|nan|-}} {{zh-m|姦|kàn}}（閩南語中「{{lang|zh|姦}}」與「{{lang|zh|幹}}」同音）進入官話。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=gàn |ma=y |m-s= |c=gon3 |c-t= |g=gon4 |h=pfs=kon;hrs=h:gonˇ;gd=gon4 |j=gan3 |mb=gāng |md=gáng/guāng |md_note=gáng - 文讀; guāng - 白讀 |mn=kàn |mn-t=gang3 |px=pt,xy:gang4 |w=sh,cm,cs,cz,hn,hy,jd,jx,ks,sj:5koe;xs:5kae;hz:5kaen;hn,tx,yx:5ke;sx:3keen;nb:5ki;zs:5kien;jj:5koen |w-j=5kan,5koe |x=gan4 |mc=y |oc=1,y |cat=n,v,interj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-o}} [[築牆]]時[[支撐]]在牆兩端的[[木材]] # 事物的[[主要]]、[[中心]][[部分]] #: {{zh-x|樹幹|}} #: {{zh-x|軀幹|}} #: {{zh-x|幹道|}} # {{lb|zh|引申}} [[核心]]；[[本質]] # {{lb|zh|解剖學}} {{syn of|zh|脅}} # {{lb|zh|colloquial}} [[做]] #: {{zh-x|你 在 幹 什麼？|}} # [[工作]]，[[從事]] #: {{zh-x|幹活|工作，勞動}} #: {{zh-x|你 是 幹 什麼 的？|}} # [[事情]]，[[事務]] #: {{zh-x|有 何 貴幹|您有什麼'''事情'''嗎？}} # [[效果]]，[[用處]] # {{lb|zh|歷史}} [[地位]][[低下]]的[[官吏]] # {{zh-short|幹部}} #: {{zh-x|高幹 子弟|高級'''幹部'''的子女}} # [[主管]] # [[建立]]，[[求取]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[肏]]，[[性交]]；也作[[詈語]]使用 #: {{zh-x|幹恁娘！|'''肏'''你媽！|MN}} #: {{zh-x|幹.你.媽！|}} #* {{zh-x|^@金 ^@榮 只 一口 咬定 說：「方才 明明 的 撞見 他 兩 個 在 後院子{zi} 里 親嘴 摸 屁股，一對一 肏，撅 草根兒{r} 抽 長短，誰 長 誰 先 幹。」|ref=Hongloumeng}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar}} [[殺害]] #: {{zh-x|幹掉 他！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[偷竊]] #: {{zh-x|誰 幹 走 了 我 的 筆？！|}} # {{lb|zh|vulgar|主要|Taiwan}} [[指責]] #: {{zh-x|公 幹|'''被'''眾人'''指責'''}} # {{zh-o}} {{zh-alt-form|扞}} =====近義詞===== * {{s|做}} {{syn-saurus|zh|做}} * {{s|肏}} {{zh-dial|肏}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|幹不來|幹不了|幹部|幹部學校|幹校|幹才|幹道|幹得過兒|幹掉|幹活|幹家|幹架|幹將|幹勁|幹警|幹練|幹流|幹路;主要道路|幹嘛|幹嗎|幹渠|幹什麼|幹事|幹頭兒|幹線|幹仗|幹細胞|樹幹|三門幹部|不幹|主幹|主幹家庭|井幹|儲備幹部|充能幹|公幹|勾幹|單幹|單幹戶|央浼營幹|夯幹|實幹|幹上了|幹了|幹人|幹吏|幹員|幹家做活|幹家緣|幹得了|幹得來|幹濟|幹營生|幹父之蠱|幹略|幹當|幹的停當|幹線公車|幹缺|幹蠱|幹辦|幹頭|幹麼:gànmá|府幹|強幹|強幹弱枝|彊幹弱枝|才幹|才能幹濟|打幹|材幹|枝幹|楨幹|沒幹|沒幹頭|沒梢幹|洗手不幹|營幹|盲幹|硬幹|管幹|精幹|精明幹練|精明強幹|精明能幹|總幹事|能幹|腦幹|苦幹|薄幹|蠻幹|詞幹|謀幹|貴幹|趲幹|軀幹|軀幹骨|配水幹管|里幹事|韓幹畫馬|領導幹部|骨幹|高幹|埋頭苦幹|交感神經幹|交感幹|頭臂幹|頭臂動脈幹|對著幹}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=hán |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{zh-alt-form|韓}}（“[[井]]邊的[[圍欄]]”） ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日语== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=5|rs=十11}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |goon=かん |kanon=かん |kun=みき-, から- }} ===詞源1=== <div style="float:right;"> [[Image:Yellow birch trunk.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|幹}} (''miki'')：[[樹幹]]]] </div> {{ja-kanjitab|みき|yomi=k}} 原為{{compound|ja|sort=みき|身|tr1=mi|t1=身體|木|tr2=ki|t2=樹木}}的組詞。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref><ref name="DJS">{{R:Daijisen}}</ref> 最早的引用見於1726年。<ref name="KDJ"/> ====發音==== {{ja-pron|みき|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK|acc2=0|acc2_ref=NHK}} ====名詞==== {{ja-noun|みき}} # {{defdate|自1726年}} [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] ===詞源2=== {{ja-kanjitab|から|yomi=k}} {{ja-see|柄}} ===詞源3=== {{ja-kanjitab|かん|yomi=on}} 源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かん|-}} {{ltc-l|幹}}。 ====發音==== {{ja-pron|かん}} ====詞綴==== {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} # [[樹幹]]；[[莖幹]] # [[主幹]]，[[主要]][[部分]] # [[才能]]，[[能力]] =====組詞===== {{der-top}} * {{ja-r|幹細胞|かんさいぼう}} * {{ja-r|新幹線|しんかんせん}}：[[日本]]的[[高速]][[鐵路]] * {{ja-r|脳幹|のうかん}}：[[腦幹]] {{der-bottom}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|hangeul=[[간]]|rv=gan|mr=kan}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=干10}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=干10 |hanviet=can, cán, hàn |nom=cán }} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=干10}} qi9r7g26xr4uixepq20hkr75rh68i3o 0 1143636 9889922 9889891 2026-09-07T14:41:15Z Sayonzei 40728 取消[[Special:Contributions/021346032104156666666666666nn|021346032104156666666666666nn]] ([[User talk:021346032104156666666666666nn|对话]])的编辑；更改回[[Special:Contributions/Stang|Stang]]的最后一个版本 9249592 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=shǎbī |cat=n,a }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{euphemistic form of|zh|傻屄}} ===形容詞=== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{euphemistic form of|zh|傻屄}} 7sotmznyxrv28r6u15jmuzjlm5qj4nt 0 1181864 9890378 5656688 2026-09-08T08:14:09Z Fglffer 55252 9890378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=38|rad=女|as=3|sn=6|four=|canj=|ids=⿺久女}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0256.041|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=216B0}} ==漢語== {{zh-see|奺}} rm8yl1qn5b7c1itxyryeyh8koq4io3c 0 1339102 9890466 8348807 2026-09-08T10:45:48Z Sayonzei 40728 9890466 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鲜语== ===詞源=== {{af|ko|똥|오줌|t1=屎|t2=尿}} ===發音=== {{ko-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun}} # [[屎尿]]，[[大小便]] {{c|ko|糞便}} tkzhbuvgjwikuxb1cge2yavuyfcfb0g 0 1349812 9890479 6729335 2026-09-08T10:57:26Z Sayonzei 40728 9890479 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|tin|đồn}}。{{piecewise doublet|vi|truyền tin}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # [[傳聞]]，[[謠言]]，[[流言蜚語]] ib1jrng4w7jb4jgvfjfb1qvndoned46 4 1352129 9890460 9882947 2026-09-08T10:04:20Z Apisite 85347 /* 外文詞彙 */ 9890460 wikitext text/x-wiki 這裡是中文維基詞典的條目請求頁面。如果您有詞條想創建，可以在這裡提出。 ==中文詞彙== {{Subpagelist}} ==外文詞彙== * 列入請求時請註明語種。 # {{l|en|photobiomodulation}} - 英語 # {{l|en|religiophobia}} - 英語 # {{l|en|artwashing}} - 英語 # {{l|en|Stellaland}} - 英語 # {{l|en|adynaton}} - 英語 # {{l|en|nullifidian}} - 英語 # {{l|en|Sona}}（人工語言） - 英語 # {{l|grc|ἔαρ}} - 古希臘語 # {{l|la|fēlēs}} - 拉丁語 # {{l|la|cunīculus}} - 拉丁語 # {{l|lv|briesmas}} - 拉脫維亞語 # {{l|wa|negociåcion}} - 瓦隆語 # {{l|sk|nebezpečenstvo}} - 斯洛伐克語 # {{l|ko|감축하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|개방하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|거부하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|경멸하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|계산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|고찰하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|과장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|교체하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|구제하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|권장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|귀가하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|규명하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|근접하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|기도하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|남용하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|냉각하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|노동하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|누출하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|능욕하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|단절하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|대기하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|도약하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|둔갑하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|득세하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|말소하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|매각하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|면도하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|목격하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|묘사하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|무리하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|미화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|반사하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|배열하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|범람하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|변화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|보상하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|부정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|비판하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|사양하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|생산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|서술하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|세수하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|소통하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|쇄신하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|예견하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|외면하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|요약하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|우선하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|원망하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|인지하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|자만하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|정정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|주차하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|증명하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|진화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|측정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|파산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|편집하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|폐기하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|포장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|해방하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|향유하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|허가하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|현존하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|호출하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|화해하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|회전하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|휴식하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|흡입하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ar|لَغْم}} - 阿拉伯語 # {{l|el|νάρκη}} - 希臘語 # {{l|et|kaevandus}} - 愛沙尼亞語 # {{l|el|θλίβω}} - 希臘語 # {{l|ca|trist}} - 加泰羅尼亞語 [[Category:請求]] eldtpw2zadgjx6dlsf4nfa117qd0kio 9890461 9890460 2026-09-08T10:07:44Z Apisite 85347 /* 外文詞彙 */ 9890461 wikitext text/x-wiki 這裡是中文維基詞典的條目請求頁面。如果您有詞條想創建，可以在這裡提出。 ==中文詞彙== {{Subpagelist}} ==外文詞彙== * 列入請求時請註明語種。 # {{l|en|photobiomodulation}} - 英語 # {{l|en|sleeper issue}} - 英語<!---英文版亦需此內容---> # {{l|en|religiophobia}} - 英語 # {{l|en|artwashing}} - 英語 # {{l|en|Stellaland}} - 英語 # {{l|en|adynaton}} - 英語 # {{l|en|nullifidian}} - 英語 # {{l|en|Sona}}（人工語言） - 英語 # {{l|grc|ἔαρ}} - 古希臘語 # {{l|la|fēlēs}} - 拉丁語 # {{l|la|cunīculus}} - 拉丁語 # {{l|lv|briesmas}} - 拉脫維亞語 # {{l|wa|negociåcion}} - 瓦隆語 # {{l|sk|nebezpečenstvo}} - 斯洛伐克語 # {{l|ko|감축하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|개방하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|거부하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|경멸하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|계산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|고찰하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|과장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|교체하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|구제하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|권장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|귀가하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|규명하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|근접하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|기도하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|남용하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|냉각하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|노동하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|누출하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|능욕하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|단절하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|대기하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|도약하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|둔갑하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|득세하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|말소하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|매각하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|면도하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|목격하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|묘사하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|무리하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|미화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|반사하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|배열하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|범람하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|변화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|보상하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|부정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|비판하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|사양하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|생산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|서술하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|세수하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|소통하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|쇄신하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|예견하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|외면하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|요약하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|우선하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|원망하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|인지하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|자만하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|정정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|주차하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|증명하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|진화하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|측정하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|파산하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|편집하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|폐기하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|포장하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|해방하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|향유하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|허가하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|현존하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|호출하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|화해하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|회전하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|휴식하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ko|흡입하다}} - 朝鮮語 # {{l|ar|لَغْم}} - 阿拉伯語 # {{l|el|νάρκη}} - 希臘語 # {{l|et|kaevandus}} - 愛沙尼亞語 # {{l|el|θλίβω}} - 希臘語 # {{l|ca|trist}} - 加泰羅尼亞語 [[Category:請求]] 2y5ld1zv2l0r3pgmjs2y3yyq5ckdovv 828 1365079 9889920 9740436 2026-09-07T14:25:28Z TongcyDai 53191 9889920 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local add_indefinite_article = require(en_utilities_module).add_indefinite_article local full_link = require("Module:links").full_link local get_lang_by_name = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName local insert = table.insert local pattern_escape = m_str_utils.pattern_escape local plain_gsub = m_str_utils.plain_gsub local pluralize_pos = require("Module:headword").pluralize_pos local pos_lemma_or_nonlemma = require("Module:headword").pos_lemma_or_nonlemma local serial_comma_join = require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin local tag_text = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text local umatch = mw.ustring.match local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["詞源"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源分類。", umbrella_parents = "綜合元分類", -- English: Fundamental parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["重疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}用詞中完全重疊（AABB）的[[疊詞]]。", breadcrumb = "AABB式", parents = {"疊詞"}, } labels["換韻重疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that underwent [[reduplication]] with only a change in a vowel sound.", -- 舊版無此項，暫譯 breadcrumb = "換韻", parents = {"疊詞"}, } labels["逆構詞"] = { description = "假定某詞的規則形式並移除原詞的一部分而得到的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["混成詞"] = { description = "其他詞合併而得來的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中借自其他語言的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["詞語誤用"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from misuses or misapplications of other terms.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["新創詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms coined by an identifiable person, organization or other such entity.", parents = {"依出處分類的詞"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "依出處分類的詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, } labels["並列對詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of a pair of terms joined by a [[coordinating conjunction]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列三詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of three terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列四詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of four terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列五詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of five terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["名詞派生詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自名詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["動詞派生詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自動詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["同源對似詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that trace their etymology from ultimately the same source as other terms in the same language, but by different routes, and often with subtly or substantially different meanings.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["拉長形式"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms where one or more letters or sounds is repeated for emphasis or effect.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["名祖"] = { description = "由真實或虛構人物的名字派生出來的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["通用商標"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from [[trademark]]s, [[brand]]s and company names which have become [[genericized]]; that is, fallen into common usage in the target market's [[vernacular]], even when referring to other competing brands.", parents = {"詞源", "商標"}, } labels["幽靈詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that were originally erroneous or fictitious, published in a reference work as if they were genuine as a result of typographical error, misreading, or misinterpretation, or as [[:w:Fictitious entry|fictitious entries]], jokes, or hoaxes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["字母讀音詞"] = { -- English: gramograms description = "{{{langname}}} [[gramogram]]s &ndash; terms that are partially or completely spelled with [[homophone|homophonous]] letters.", parents = {"畫謎"}, } labels["疊音脫落詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that underwent [[haplology]]: thus, their origin involved a loss or omission of a repeated sequence of sounds.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["諧音翻譯"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that were borrowed by matching the etymon phonetically, without regard for the sense; compare [[phono-semantic matching]] and [[Hobson-Jobson]].", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["混合詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words formed by elements of different linguistic origins.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["繼承詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中繼承自本語言更早期形式的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["國際詞"] = { description = "也出現於大量其他語言，且詞源均相似的{{{langname}}}借詞。", additional = "收錄於本分類中的詞語最好屬於直接詞源無法確定的詞。收錄於本分類的詞使用[[Template:internationalism]]，詳情參見該模板。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["法律對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} legal [[doublet]]s &ndash; a legal doublet is a standardized phrase commonly used in legal documents, proceedings etc. which includes two words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"並列對詞"}, } labels["法律三詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} legal [[triplet]]s &ndash; a legal triplet is a standardized phrase commonly used in legal documents, proceedings etc which includes three words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"並列三詞"}, } labels["大語言模型新創詞"] = { -- English: LLM coinages description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been coined by {{w|large language models}} rather than humans.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["對舉"] = { -- English: merisms description = "{{{langname}}} [[merism]]s &ndash; terms that are [[coordinate]]s that, combined, are a synonym for a totality.", parents = {"並列對詞"}, } labels["轉喻"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose origin involves calling a thing or concept not by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["新詞"] = { description = "最近才開始興起的{{{langname}}}詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["臨時語"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been invented for a single occasion.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["數字諧音詞"] = { -- English: number homophones description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are partially or completely spelled with [[homophone|homophonous]] numbers.", parents = {"畫謎", "數字拼寫詞"}, } labels["數字縮略詞"] = { -- English: numerical contractions description = "{{{langname}}} numerical contractions. In these, the number either denotes omitted characters ({{m+|en|globalization}} → {{m|en|g11n}}) or duplication ({{m+|kne|Kankanaey}} → {{m|kne|Kan2aey}}).", parents = {"縮略詞", "畫謎", "數字拼寫詞"}, } labels["擬聲詞"] = { description = "發音似其所指代的事物的{{{langname}}}詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["分段同源對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[Appendix:Glossary#piecewise doublet|piecewise doublets]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } -- Pseudo-loans loop for _, ism_and_langname in ipairs({ {"anglicisms", "English", "英語"}, {"Arabisms", "Arabic", "阿拉伯語"}, {"Gallicisms", "French", "法語"}, {"Germanisms", "German", "德語"}, {"Hispanisms", "Spanish", "西班牙語"}, {"Italianisms", "Italian", "義大利語"}, {"Latinisms", "Latin", "拉丁語"}, {"Japonisms", "Japanese", "日語"}, }) do local ism, langname, zh_langname = unpack(ism_and_langname) labels["偽" .. zh_langname .. "借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that appear to be " .. langname .. ", but are not used or have an unrelated meaning in " .. langname .. " itself.", parents = {"偽借詞"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "偽借詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, } end labels["異分析詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have interacted with another word in such a way that the boundary between the words has been modified.", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["畫謎"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[rebus]]es &ndash; terms that are partially or completely represented by images, symbols or numbers, often as a form of wordplay.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["重構詞語"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are not directly attested, but have been reconstructed through other evidence.", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["重疊並列對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated pairs.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列對詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列三詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated triples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列三詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列四詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated quadruples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列四詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列五詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated quintuples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列五詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中通過詞根或詞幹的重複構造出的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["返璞詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that serve as new unique names for older objects or concepts whose previous names became ambiguous.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["詞根"] = { description = "Basic morphemes from which {{{langname}}} words are formed.", parents = {"詞源", "詞素"}, } labels["梵語構詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms coined from [[tatsama]] [[word]]s and/or [[affix]]es.", parents = {"詞源", "派生自梵語的詞"}, } labels["音象徵詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that use {{w|sound symbolism}} to express ideas but which are not necessarily strictly speaking [[onomatopoeic]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["字母拼讀詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} initialisms in which the letter names are spelled out.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["拼寫發音"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose pronunciation was historically or presently affected by their spelling.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["首音互換詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms in which the initial sounds of component parts have been exchanged, as in \"crook and nanny\" for \"nook and cranny\".", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["分類學名祖"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from names of real or fictitious people, used for [[taxonomy]].", parents = {"名祖"}, } labels["依出處分類的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自某部著作或某人作品中新創造的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["無中生有的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms fabricated ''[[ex nihilo]]'', i.e. made up entirely rather than being derived from an existing source.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["含有化石化格詞尾的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms which preserve case morphology which is no longer analyzable within the contemporary grammatical system or which has been entirely lost from the language.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生自電話區號的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from [[area code]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依字型產生的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from the shape of letters. This can include terms derived from the shape of any letter in any alphabet.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依詞根分類的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源的詞根分類。", parents = {"詞源", {name = "詞根", sort = " "}}, } labels["依詞分類的詞"] = { -- English: terms by word description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the word they originate from.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["出自虛構作品的詞"] = { description = "源自虛構作品的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", breadcrumb = "虛構作品", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "fiction"}}, } for _, data in ipairs { {source="Dickensian works", name="查爾斯·狄更斯作品", desc="the works of [[w:Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]]", topic_parent="Charles Dickens"}, {source="DC Comics", name="DC漫畫", desc="[[w:DC漫畫|DC漫畫]]"}, {source="Doraemon", name="哆啦A夢", desc="[[w:Fujiko F. Fujio|Fujiko F. Fujio]]'s ''[[w:Doraemon|Doraemon]]''", displaytitle="《哆啦A夢》"}, {source="Dragon Ball", name="七龍珠", desc="[[w:Akira Toriyama|Akira Toriyama]]'s ''[[w:Dragon Ball|Dragon Ball]]''", displaytitle="《七龍珠》"}, {source="Duckburg and Mouseton", name="Duckburg and Mouseton", desc="[[w:The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s [[w:Duck universe|Duckburg]] and [[w:Mickey Mouse universe|Mouseton]] universe", topic_parent="Disney"}, {source="Futurama", name="飛出個未來", desc="the animated television series ''{{w|Futurama}}''", displaytitle = "《飛出個未來》"}, {source="Harry Potter", name="《哈利波特》", desc="英國作家[[w:J·K·罗琳|J·K·羅琳]]虛構作品《[[w:哈利·波特|-{zh-hans:哈利·波特; zh-hant:哈利波特}-》", displaytitle="《哈利波特》", topic_parent="Harry Potter"}, {source="Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies", name="Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies", desc="''{{w|Looney Tunes}}'' and/or ''{{w|Merrie Melodies}}'', by {{w|Warner Bros. Animation}}", displaytitle = "''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies''"}, {source="Nineteen Eighty-Four", name="《一九八四》", desc="英國作家[[w:乔治·奥威尔|-{zh-hans:乔治·奥威尔; zh-hant:喬治·歐威爾}-]]虛構作品《[[w:一九八四|一九八四]]》", displaytitle="《一九八四》"}, {source="Seinfeld", name="歡樂單身派對", desc="the American television sitcom ''{{w|Seinfeld}}'' (1989–1998)", displaytitle="《歡樂單身派對》"}, {source="Seussian works", name="蘇斯博士作品", desc="the works of [[w:Dr. Seuss|Dr. Seuss]]"}, {source="South Park", name="南方四賤客", desc="the animated television series ''[[w:South Park|South Park]]''", displaytitle="《南方四賤客》"}, {source="Star Trek", name="《星際爭霸戰》", desc="美國電視影集《[[w:星際爭霸戰|-{zh-hans:星际旅行：原初系列; zh-hant:星際爭霸戰}-]]》", displaytitle="《星際爭霸戰》", topic_parent="Star Trek"}, {source="Star Wars", name="《星際大戰》", desc="美國系列電影《[[w:星際大戰|-{zh-hans:星球大战; zh-hant:星際大戰}-]]》", displaytitle="《星際大戰》", topic_parent="Star Wars"}, {source="The Simpsons", name="《辛普森家庭》", desc="美國動畫《[[w:辛普森一家|-{zh-hans:辛普森一家; zh-hant:辛普森家庭}-]]》", displaytitle="《辛普森家庭》", topic_parent="The Simpsons", sort="Simpsons"}, {source="Tolkien's legendarium", name="托爾金虛構作品", desc="英國作家[[w:J·R·R·托爾金|J·R·R·托爾金]]所著古典奇幻作品", topic_parent="J. R. R. Tolkien"}, } do -- Logic adapted for Chinese naming local label_name = "出自" .. data.name .. "的詞" local parents = {{name = "出自虛構作品的詞", sort = data.sort or data.source}} local umbrella_parents = {"詞源子分類"} if data.topic_parent then insert(parents, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:" .. data.topic_parent, raw = true}) insert(umbrella_parents, {name = data.topic_parent, raw = true}) end labels["出自" .. data.name .. "的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自" .. data.desc .. "的詞語。", breadcrumb = data.displaytitle or data.name, parents = parents, umbrella = { parents = umbrella_parents, displaytitle = data.displaytitle and "出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞（依語言分類）" or nil, breadcrumb = data.displaytitle and "出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞", }, displaytitle = data.displaytitle and "{{{langname}}}出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞" or nil, } end labels["出自希臘神話的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from Greek mythology which have acquired an idiomatic meaning.", breadcrumb = "希臘神話", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Greek mythology"}}, } labels["派生自職業的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自職業名稱的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生詞"] = { -- English: terms derived from other languages description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自其他語言的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["出自《聖經》的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自《[[聖經]]》的詞語。", breadcrumb = {name = "《聖經》", nocap = true}, parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Bible"}}, } labels["出自伊索寓言的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from [[Aesop]]'s Fables.", breadcrumb = "伊索寓言", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Aesop's Fables"}}, } labels["派生自地名的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自真實或虛構地名的詞語。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["源自羅馬拼音文字遊戲的詞"] = { -- English: terms derived through romanized wordplay description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived through romanized wordplay.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依字型產生的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms making reference to character shapes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生自體育的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from sports.", breadcrumb = "體育", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "sports"}}, } labels["派生自棒球的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from baseball.", breadcrumb = "棒球", parents = {{name = "派生自體育的詞", sort = "baseball"}}, } labels["含有印度-雅利安語贅綴的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms extended with particular [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affixes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms consisting of both a lemma and non-lemma form, of different origins.", breadcrumb = "lemma and non-lemma form", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["有多個詞源的詞"] = { description = "起源於多個源頭的{{{langname}}}詞語。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["terms with multiple lemma etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} lemmas that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple lemmas", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["terms with multiple non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} non-lemma forms that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple non-lemma forms", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["詞源不明的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose etymologies have not yet been established.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "unknown etymology"}}, } labels["合寫詞"] = { -- English: univerbations description = "{{{langname}}} terms that result from the agglutination of two or more words.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["訛變詞"] = { -- English: words derived through corruption description = "{{{langname}}} words that result from a non-specific or sporadic change.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "corruption"}}, } labels["換位詞"] = { -- English: words derived through metathesis description = "{{{langname}}} words that were created through [[metathesis]] from another word.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "metathesis"}}, } labels["發生語義轉變的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic shift]].", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "semantic shift"}}, } labels["詞義擴大的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic]] [[broadening]].", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "semantic broadening"}}, } labels["詞義縮小的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic]] [[narrowing]].", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "semantic narrowing"}}, } labels["褒義詞"] = { -- English: words that have undergone amelioration description = "{{{langname}}} words that have gained a positive [[connotation]] over time.", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "amelioration"}}, } labels["貶義詞"] = { -- English: words that have undergone pejoration description = "{{{langname}}} words that have gained a negative [[connotation]] over time.", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "pejoration"}}, } labels["源自民俗的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have an etymology rooted in folklore.", breadcrumb = "民俗", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "folklore"}, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:民俗", raw = true}}, umbrella_parents = {{name = "詞源子分類", raw = true}, {name = "民俗", raw = true, sort = " "}} } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for _, data in pairs(labels) do -- NOTE: umbrella.parents overrides umbrella_parents if both are given. if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["詞源子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their etymologies, such as types of compounds or borrowings.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["借詞子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to borrowed terms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "借詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["繼承詞子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to inherited terms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "繼承詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["印度-雅利安語贅綴"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms extended with particular [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affixes.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["Multiple etymology subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms with multiple etymologies.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["回借詞"] = { description = "Categories with terms in specific languages that were borrowed from a second language that previously borrowed the term from the first language.", additional = "A well-known example is {{m+|en|salaryman}}, a term borrowed from Japanese which in turn was borrowed from the English words [[salary]] and [[man]].\n\n{{{umbrella_msg}}}", parents = "詞源子分類", } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function get_source(source_name, allow_family, name_type) local source = get_lang_by_name(source_name, nil, true, allow_family) if source == nil then return nil end -- Check that the source name matches the expected form (e.g. getCanonicalName, getDisplayForm etc). if source[name_type](source) == source_name then return source end end local function get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) if source:getCode() == "ine-pro" and term_type:find("^詞根$") then return "[[w:原始印歐語詞根|原始印歐語" .. term_type .. "]]" end -- 調整中文顯示格式 return "[[w:" .. source:getWikipediaArticle() .. "|" .. source:getCanonicalName() .. "]]" .. term_type end local function get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) -- HACK! Map 'taxonomic names', as generated by [[Module:etymology]], back to its canonical name -- before calling getByCanonicalName(). We need a more general solution here. local source_desc if source_name == "taxonomic names" then source_name = "taxonomic name" source_desc = "[[w:taxonomic nomenclature|taxonomic names]]" end local source = get_source(source_name, true, "getDisplayForm") if source == nil then return end source_desc = source_desc or source:makeCategoryLink() if source:hasType("family") then source_desc = source_desc .. "中的一種" -- Chinese adjustment: one of the ... end return source, source_desc end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- word handlers ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE word word' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler. local function lang_is_semitic(lang) return lang:inFamily("sem") end -- 處理：[[:Category:詞源屬於原始閃米特語詞*bayt-的阿拉伯語詞]] -- Handler for [[:Category:Arabic terms belonging to the Proto-Semitic word *bayt-]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, labelpref, word_and_id = data.label:match("^詞源屬於(.+)(詞)(.+)的詞$") if not word_and_id then return end -- 在中文標籤中，labelpref (如 "word") 已經被整合在正則表達式中， -- 但為了邏輯一致性，我們這裡檢查 source_name 是否有效 local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local word, id = word_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not word then word = word_and_id end local is_semitic = lang_is_semitic(data.lang) local word_desc = is_semitic and "[[w:Semitic word|詞]]" or "詞" local parents = {} if id then -- e.g. 詞源屬於原始閃米特語詞*bayt-的詞 (noun) insert(parents, {name = "詞源屬於" .. source_name .. labelpref .. word .. "的詞", sort = id}) end insert(parents, {name = "依" .. source_name .. "詞分類的詞", sort = word_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]" local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]" -- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style words) local word_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(word, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(word_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local linked_word = data.lang and full_link({ term = word, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or word if num_sep > 0 then insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "字母詞", sort = word_and_id}) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, word, tag_text(word, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(word, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that belong to the " .. word_desc .. " " .. linked_word .. ".", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, } end) -- Handler for [[:Category:Arabic terms by Proto-Semitic word]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^依(.+)詞分類的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local parents = {"詞源"} -- In [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian word]], -- don't add parent [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian]]. if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then parents[2] = "派生自" .. source:getDisplayForm() .. "的詞" end return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "詞") .. " they originate from.", parents = parents, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Root handlers ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE root ROOT' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler. -- Handler for e.g. [[:Category:Yola terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)]] -- Replaces the former [[Module:category tree/PIE root cat]], [[Module:category tree/root cat]] and [[Template:PIE word cat]]. insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, term_type, term_and_id -- 匹配中文格式：來自SOURCETERM的(詞根|詞|詞語) for _, tt in ipairs{"詞根", "詞語", "詞"} do source_name, term_and_id = data.label:match("^來自(.+)" .. tt .. "(.+)的詞$") if source_name then term_type = tt break end end if not source_name then return end local term, id = term_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not term then term = term_and_id end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end -- 對應 labels 中的 "依詞根分類的詞" 等 local parents = { { name = "依" .. source_name .. term_type .. "分類的詞", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)), } } local umbrella_parents = { { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. term_type .. "的詞", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)), } } if id then insert(parents, { name = "來自" .. source_name .. term_type .. term .. "的詞", sort = " " }) insert(umbrella_parents, { name = "來自" .. source_name .. term_type .. term .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, term, tag_text(term, source, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(term, source, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") local term_page, alt_form -- 檢查是否為閃米特語族 if term_type == "詞根" and source:inFamily("sem") then term_page = ("Appendix:%s詞根/%s"):format(source:getCanonicalName(), term) -- l10n: 詞根附錄子頁面命名 alt_form = term else term_page = term end return { description = "{{{langname}}}中最終源自" .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) .. " " .. full_link({ term = term_page, alt = alt_form, lang = source, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") .. "的詞。", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = umbrella_parents, } } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local labelpref, root_and_id = data.label:match("^(詞根為)(.+)的詞$") if not root_and_id then return end local root, id = root_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not root then root = root_and_id end -- See if the language is Semitic. local fam = data.lang local is_semitic = false while true do if not fam then break end if fam:getCode() == "qfa-not" then break end if fam:getCode() == "sem" then is_semitic = true break end fam = fam:getFamily() end local root_desc = is_semitic and "[[w:閃米特語詞根|詞根]]" or "詞根" local parents = {} if id then insert(parents, {name = labelpref .. root .. "的詞", sort = id}) -- 注意中文後綴 end insert(parents, {name = "依詞根分類的詞", sort = root_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]" local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]" -- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style roots) local root_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(root, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(root_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local root_page, alt_form if is_semitic then root_page = ("Appendix:%s詞根/%s"):format(data.lang:getCanonicalName(), root) alt_form = root else root_page = root end local linked_root = data.lang and full_link( { term = root_page, alt = alt_form, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or root_page if num_sep > 0 then insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "字母詞根", sort = root_and_id}) end -- Italicize the root/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, root, tag_text(root, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(root, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = "本分類列出由" .. root_desc .. " " .. linked_root .. " 構成的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^依(.+)詞根分類的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local parents = {"詞源"} -- In [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian root]], -- don't add parent [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian]]. if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then insert(parents, "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞") end return { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源的" .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "詞根") .. "分類。", parents = parents, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local root_shape, additional -- 適應中文命名：直接判斷是否為「不規則形狀詞根」，或者擷取「(...)形詞根」的前綴 if data.label == "不規則形狀詞根" then root_shape = "不規則" else root_shape = data.label:match("^(.+)形詞根$") end if not root_shape then return elseif data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then additional = [=[ * '''e''' 代表詞根的元音。 * '''C''' 代表任何塞音或 ''s''。 * '''R''' 代表任何響音。 * '''H''' 代表任何喉音。 * '''M''' 代表在響音之前的 ''m'' 或 ''w''。 * '''s''' 代表在塞音旁邊的 ''s''。]=] end if root_shape == "不規則" then return { breadcrumb = "不規則", description = "{{{langname}}}形狀違反{{w|原始印歐語詞根#詞根的形狀|已知詞根形狀規則}}的詞根。", additional = additional, parents = {{name = "依形狀分類的詞根", sort = "*"}}, umbrella = false, } end return { breadcrumb = root_shape, description = "形狀為 ''" .. root_shape .. "'' 的{{{langname}}}詞根。", additional = additional, parents = {{name = "依形狀分類的詞根", sort = root_shape}}, umbrella = false, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- Derived/inherited/borrowed handlers -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms derived from SOURCE", where SOURCE is a language, etymology language -- or family (e.g. "Indo-European languages"), along with corresponding umbrella categories of the form -- "Terms derived from SOURCE". insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^派生自(.+)的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end -- Compute description. local desc = "起源於" .. source_desc .. "的{{{langname}}}詞彙。" local additional if source:hasType("family") then additional = "理想情況下，本分類應僅含有其他分類。如果詞條歸屬的子分類不明確，也可將之歸類於此。" .. "如果您知道本分類内的詞條派生自何種語言，請直接編輯相應的詞條。" end -- Compute parents. local derived_from_variety_of_self = false local parent local sortkey = source:getDisplayForm() if source:hasType("etymology-only") then -- By default, `parent` is the source's parent. parent = source:getParent() -- Check if the source is a variety (or subvariety) of the language. if data.lang and source:hasParent(data.lang) then derived_from_variety_of_self = true end -- If the language is the direct parent of the source or the parent is "und", then we use the family of the source as `parent` instead. if data.lang and (parent:getCode() == data.lang:getCode() or parent:getCode() == "und") then parent = source:getFamily() end -- Regular language or family. else local fam = source:getFamily() if fam then parent = fam end end -- If `parent` does not exist, is the same as `source`, or would be "isolate languages" or "not a family", then we discard it. if (not parent) or parent:getCode() == source:getCode() or parent:getCode() == "qfa-iso" or parent:getCode() == "qfa-not" or parent:getCode() == "qfa-unc" then parent = nil derived_from_variety_of_self = false -- Otherwise, get the display form. else parent = parent:getDisplayForm() end parent = parent and "派生自" .. parent .. "的詞" or "派生詞" local parents = {{name = parent, sort = sortkey}} if derived_from_variety_of_self then insert(parents, "Category:Categories for terms in a language derived from a term in a subvariety of that language") end -- Compute umbrella parents. local cat_name = source:getCode() == "mul-tax" and "Taxonomic names" or source:getCategoryName() if source:hasType("etymology-only") then require("Module:category tree/lects").export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(cat_name) end local umbrella_parents = { (source:hasType("family") or source:getCode() == "mul-tax") and {name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = " "} or {name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = "派生自"} } -- Breadcrumb logic local breadcrumb = source_name -- if source:hasType("family") and breadcrumb:find(" languages$") then -- local truncated_breadcrumb = breadcrumb:gsub(" languages$", "") -- if not get_lang_by_name(truncated_breadcrumb, nil, "allow etym") then -- breadcrumb = truncated_breadcrumb -- end -- end return { description = desc, additional = additional, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { description = "收錄起源於" .. source_desc .. "的詞語的分類。", parents = umbrella_parents, }, } end) -- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms inherited/borrowed from SOURCE" local function inherited_borrowed_handler(etymtype, zh_etymtype) return function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^源自(.+)的" .. zh_etymtype .. "$") if not source_name then return end local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end return { description = "{{{langname}}}中源自" .. source_desc .. "的" .. zh_etymtype .. "。", breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { {name = zh_etymtype, sort = source_name}, {name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", sort = " "}, }, umbrella = { parents = { { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }, etymtype == "inherited" and { name = "繼承詞子分類", sort = source_name } or "借詞子分類", } }, } end end insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("borrowed", "借詞")) insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("inherited", "繼承詞")) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Borrowing subtype handlers ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- General handler for specific borrowing subtypes local function borrowing_subtype_handler(dest, source_name, parent_cat, spec) local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end local dest_name = dest and dest:getCanonicalName() or "未知" local additional, umbrella_additional if spec.additional then if dest then additional = spec.additional(source, dest) else umbrella_additional = spec.umbrella_additional(source) end else if not spec.categorizing_templates then error("Internal error: Must specify either `categorizing_templates` or the combination of `additional` and `umbrella_additional` in each borrowing subtype spec") end local extra_templates = {} local extra_template_text for i, template in ipairs(spec.categorizing_templates) do if i > 1 then insert(extra_templates, ("{{tl|%s|...}}"):format(template)) end end if #extra_templates > 0 then extra_template_text = (" (或 %s，使用相同語法)"):format( serial_comma_join(extra_templates, {conj = "or"})) else extra_template_text = "" end if dest then additional = ("若要將詞條歸入本分類，請使用 {{tl|%s|%s|%s|<var>源詞</var>}}%s，" .. "其中 <code><var>源詞</var></code> 是該詞借自%s的詞彙。"):format( spec.categorizing_templates[1], dest:getCode(), source:getCode(), extra_template_text, source_name) else additional = ("若要將詞條歸入特定語言的子分類，請使用 " .. "{{tl|%s|<var>目標語言代碼</var>|%s|<var>源詞</var>}}%s，其中 <code><var>目標語言代碼</var></code> " .. "是該詞所屬語言的代碼（參見[[Wiktionary:語言列表]]），而 " .. "<code><var>源詞</var></code> 則是借自%s的詞彙。"):format(spec.categorizing_templates[1], source:getCode(), extra_template_text, source_name) end end return { description = "{{{langname}}}" .. spec.from_source_desc:gsub("SOURCE", source_desc):gsub("DEST", dest_name), additional = additional, breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { { name = parent_cat, sort = source_name }, { name = "源自" .. source_name .. "的借詞", sort = " " }, }, umbrella = { additional = umbrella_additional, parents = { { name = "源自" .. source_name .. "的借詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }, "借詞子分類", } }, } end -- Specs describing types of borrowings. -- Keys converted to Chinese to match `labels`. local borrowing_specs = { ["古典借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的古典借詞，即直接從另一語言中整合過來，而非經過一般的語言接觸直接借來的詞。", umbrella_desc = "源自另一語言的古典借詞。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"lbor", "learned borrowing"}, }, ["半接觸借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[semi-learned borrowing|半接觸借詞]]，即借自SOURCE（一種[[古典語言]]）到DEST（一種現代語言），並根據發音變化或與其他[[繼承]]詞類比調整了詞形的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[semi-learned borrowing|半接觸借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"slbor", "semi-learned borrowing"}, }, ["形譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的形譯詞，即所借用的是其書體而非其發音的詞。", umbrella_desc = "形譯詞，即所借用的是其書體而非其發音的詞。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"obor", "orthographic borrowing"}, }, ["非同化借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[loanword|非同化借詞]]，即不符合DEST詞法、句法、音系和/或語音組合規則的借詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[loanword|非同化借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"ubor", "unadapted borrowing"}, }, ["同化借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[loanword|同化借詞]]，即添加了詞綴以符合DEST通常詞法規則的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[loanword|同化借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, additional = function(source, dest) return ("若要將詞條歸入本分類，請使用 {{tl|af|%s|3=type=adap|4=%s:<var>source_term</var>|5=-<var>affix</var>}} " .. "(或 {{tl|af|%s|3=type=abor|4=...}}，使用相同語法)，其中 <code><var>source_term</var></code> 是 " .. "該詞借自%s的詞彙，而 <code><var>affix</var></code> " .. "則是用來調整%s詞彙的%s詞綴。例如 " .. "{{m+|pl|adresować||to address}} 就會使用 {{tl|af|pl|3=type=adap|4=fr:adresser|5=-ować}} 來表示 " .. "它是由 {{m+|fr|adresser}} 加上波蘭語動詞詞綴 " .. "{{m|pl|-ować}} 構成的。"):format(dest:getCode(), source:getCode(), dest:getCode(), source:getCanonicalName(), dest:getCanonicalName(), source:getCanonicalName()) end, umbrella_additional = function(source) return ("若要將詞條歸入特定語言的子分類，請使用 {{tl|af|<var>destcode</var>|3=type=adap|4=%s:<var>source_term</var>|5=-<var>affix</var>}} " .. "(或 {{tl|af|<var>destcode</var>|3=type=abor|4=...}}，使用相同語法)，其中 " .. "<code><var>destcode</var></code> 是目標語言代碼（參見 " .. "[[Wiktionary:語言列表]])；<code><var>source_term</var></code> 是該詞借自%s的詞彙" .. "；而 <code><var>affix</var></code> 則是用來調整%s詞彙的目標語言詞綴。 " .. "例如 {{m+|pl|adresować||to address}} " .. "就會使用 {{tl|af|pl|3=type=adap|4=fr:adresser|5=-ować}} 來表示 " .. "它是由 {{m+|fr|adresser}} 加上波蘭語動詞詞綴 {{m|pl|-ować}} 構成的。"):format( source:getCode(), source:getCanonicalName(), source:getCanonicalName()) end, }, ["意譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#意譯|意譯詞]]，即其釋義借自SOURCE詞彙的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#意譯|意譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", categorizing_templates = {"sl", "semantic loan"}, }, ["部分仿譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#部分仿譯|部分仿譯詞]]，這些詞的詞形部分由逐詞翻譯得來，部分直接借來。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#部分仿譯|部分仿譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", label_pattern = "^源自(.+)的部分仿譯詞$", categorizing_templates = {"pcal", "pclq", "partial calque"}, }, ["仿譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#仿譯|仿譯詞]]，即逐詞翻譯自SOURCE表達方式的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#仿譯|仿譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", label_pattern = "^源自(.+)的仿譯詞$", categorizing_templates = {"cal", "clq", "calque"}, }, ["音義兼譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:Glossary#phono-semantic matching|音義兼譯詞]]，即在音譯的同時照顧到詞義的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:Glossary#phono-semantic matching|音義兼譯詞]]。", categorizing_templates = {"psm", "phono-semantic matching"}, }, ["偽借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:Glossary#pseudo-loan|偽借詞]]，即看似源自SOURCE，但在SOURCE本語言中不存在或意義不同的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:Glossary#pseudo-loan|偽借詞]]。", categorizing_templates = {"pl", "pseudo-loan"}, }, } for bortype, spec in pairs(borrowing_specs) do labels[bortype] = { description = "{{{langname}}}" .. spec.umbrella_desc, parents = {spec.umbrella_parent or "借詞"}, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } if not spec.uses_subtype_handler then -- 如果沒有指定 label_pattern，則自動生成 local label_pattern = spec.label_pattern or "^源自(.+)的" .. pattern_escape(bortype) .. "$" insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match(label_pattern) if source_name then return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, bortype, spec) end end) end end -- 處理通用格式：[[:Category:源自英語的古典借詞]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, borrowing_type = data.label:match("^源自(.+)的(.+)$") if borrowing_type then local spec = borrowing_specs[borrowing_type] if spec then return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, borrowing_type, spec) end end end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- Indo-Aryan extension handlers ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- FIXME: Put this in a family-specific module. insert(handlers, function(data) local labelpref, extension = data.label:match("^(含有印度%-雅利安語贅綴(.+)的詞)$") if not extension then return end local lang_inc_ash = require("Module:languages").getByCode("inc-ash") local linked_term = full_link({lang = lang_inc_ash, term = extension}, "term") local tagged_term = tag_text(extension, lang_inc_ash, nil, "term") return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms extended with the [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affix " .. linked_term .. ".", displaytitle = "{{{langname}}} " .. labelpref .. tagged_term, breadcrumb = tagged_term, parents = {{name = "含有印度-雅利安語贅綴的詞", sort = extension}}, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, parents = "印度-雅利安語贅綴", displaytitle = "含有印度-雅利安語贅綴" .. tagged_term .. "的詞", } } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- Coined-by handlers ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(handlers, function(data) local coiner = data.label:match("^由(.+)所創造的新詞$") if not coiner then return end -- Sort by last name per request from [[User:Metaknowledge]] -- 中文姓名排序可能較複雜，暫時直接使用全名或嘗試提取最後一部分 local last_name = umatch(coiner, ".-%s(%S+)$") return { description = "{{{langname}}}中由" .. coiner .. "所創造的新詞。", breadcrumb = coiner, parents = {{ name = "新創詞", sort = last_name and last_name .. ", " .. coiner or coiner, }}, umbrella = false, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Multiple etymology handlers ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(handlers, function(data) local pos = data.label:match("^有多個(.+)詞源的詞$") if not pos then return end local plpos = pluralize_pos(pos) local postype = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(plpos) if not postype then return end return { description = "起源於多個源頭的{{{langname}}}" .. plpos .. "。", umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language", breadcrumb = "多個" .. plpos, parents = {{ -- 假設 pos 是 "名詞"，postype 可能是 "lemma" -- 這裡需要注意中文的 pluralize_pos 表現 name = postype == "lemma" and "terms with multiple lemma etymologies" or "terms with multiple non-lemma form etymologies", -- 需要確認上層分類名稱是否要中文化，暫時保留英文 Key 或需同步修改 sort = pos, }}, } end) -- 處理：兼有名詞和動詞詞源的詞 insert(handlers, function(data) local pos1, pos2 = data.label:match("^兼有(.+)和(.+)詞源的詞$") if not pos1 then return end local pos1type = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(pluralize_pos(pos1)) local pos2type = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(pluralize_pos(pos2)) if not (pos1type and pos2type) then return end return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms consisting of " .. add_indefinite_article(pos1) .." of one origin and " .. add_indefinite_article(pos2) .. " of a different origin.", umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language", breadcrumb = pos1 .. "和" .. pos2, parents = {{ name = pos1type == pos2type and "terms with multiple " .. pos1type .. " etymologies" or "terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies", sort = pos1 .. " " .. pos2, }}, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Borrowed-back handlers -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:英語回借詞]]. L10N labels["回借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中借自其他語言中某個借自{{{langname}}}的詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源", "借詞"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for umbrella metacategories of the form e.g. [[:Category:派生自原始印度-伊朗語詞根的詞]] -- and [[:Category:派生自原始印歐語詞的詞]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local source_name, terms_type for _, tt in ipairs{"詞根", "詞", "詞語"} do source_name = data.category:match("^派生自(.+)" .. tt .. "的詞$") if source_name then terms_type = tt break end end if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end return { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms derived from particular " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, terms_type) .. ".", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", { name = terms_type == "詞根" and "詞根" or "詞元", is_label = true, lang = source:getCode(), sort = " " }, { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " .. terms_type }, }, } end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} kkouz57rnu8k671g3ckk24813wwh9uw 9889921 9889920 2026-09-07T14:25:53Z TongcyDai 53191 9889921 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} local handlers = {} local raw_handlers = {} local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local add_indefinite_article = require(en_utilities_module).add_indefinite_article local full_link = require("Module:links").full_link local get_lang_by_name = require("Module:languages").getByCanonicalName local insert = table.insert local pattern_escape = m_str_utils.pattern_escape local plain_gsub = m_str_utils.plain_gsub local pluralize_pos = require("Module:headword").pluralize_pos local pos_lemma_or_nonlemma = require("Module:headword").pos_lemma_or_nonlemma local serial_comma_join = require("Module:table").serialCommaJoin local tag_text = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text local umatch = mw.ustring.match local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- labels["詞源"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源分類。", umbrella_parents = "綜合元分類", -- English: Fundamental parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["重疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}用詞中完全重疊（AABB）的[[疊詞]]。", breadcrumb = "AABB式", parents = {"疊詞"}, } labels["換韻重疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that underwent [[reduplication]] with only a change in a vowel sound.", -- 舊版無此項，暫譯 breadcrumb = "換韻", parents = {"疊詞"}, } labels["逆構詞"] = { description = "假定某詞的規則形式並移除原詞的一部分而得到的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["混成詞"] = { description = "其他詞合併而得來的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中借自其他語言的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["詞語誤用"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from misuses or misapplications of other terms.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["新創詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms coined by an identifiable person, organization or other such entity.", parents = {"依出處分類的詞"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "依出處分類的詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, } labels["並列對詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of a pair of terms joined by a [[coordinating conjunction]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列三詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of three terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列四詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of four terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["並列五詞"] = { description = "Terms in {{{langname}}} consisting of five terms joined by one or more [[coordinating conjunction]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["名詞派生詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自名詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["動詞派生詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自動詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["同源對似詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that trace their etymology from ultimately the same source as other terms in the same language, but by different routes, and often with subtly or substantially different meanings.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["拉長形式"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms where one or more letters or sounds is repeated for emphasis or effect.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["名祖"] = { description = "由真實或虛構人物的名字派生出來的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["通用商標"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from [[trademark]]s, [[brand]]s and company names which have become [[genericized]]; that is, fallen into common usage in the target market's [[vernacular]], even when referring to other competing brands.", parents = {"詞源", "商標"}, } labels["幽靈詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that were originally erroneous or fictitious, published in a reference work as if they were genuine as a result of typographical error, misreading, or misinterpretation, or as [[:w:Fictitious entry|fictitious entries]], jokes, or hoaxes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["字母讀音詞"] = { -- English: gramograms description = "{{{langname}}} [[gramogram]]s &ndash; terms that are partially or completely spelled with [[homophone|homophonous]] letters.", parents = {"畫謎"}, } labels["疊音脫落詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that underwent [[haplology]]: thus, their origin involved a loss or omission of a repeated sequence of sounds.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["諧音翻譯"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that were borrowed by matching the etymon phonetically, without regard for the sense; compare [[phono-semantic matching]] and [[Hobson-Jobson]].", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["混合詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words formed by elements of different linguistic origins.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["繼承詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中繼承自本語言更早期形式的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["國際詞"] = { description = "也出現於大量其他語言，且詞源均相似的{{{langname}}}借詞。", additional = "收錄於本分類中的詞語最好屬於直接詞源無法確定的詞。收錄於本分類的詞使用[[Template:internationalism]]，詳情參見該模板。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["法律對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} legal [[doublet]]s &ndash; a legal doublet is a standardized phrase commonly used in legal documents, proceedings etc. which includes two words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"並列對詞"}, } labels["法律三詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} legal [[triplet]]s &ndash; a legal triplet is a standardized phrase commonly used in legal documents, proceedings etc which includes three words that are near synonyms.", parents = {"並列三詞"}, } labels["大語言模型新創詞"] = { -- English: LLM coinages description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been coined by {{w|large language models}} rather than humans.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["對舉"] = { -- English: merisms description = "{{{langname}}} [[merism]]s &ndash; terms that are [[coordinate]]s that, combined, are a synonym for a totality.", parents = {"並列對詞"}, } labels["轉喻"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose origin involves calling a thing or concept not by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["新詞"] = { description = "最近才開始興起的{{{langname}}}詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["臨時語"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have been invented for a single occasion.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["數字諧音詞"] = { -- English: number homophones description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are partially or completely spelled with [[homophone|homophonous]] numbers.", parents = {"畫謎", "數字拼寫詞"}, } labels["數字縮略詞"] = { -- English: numerical contractions description = "{{{langname}}} numerical contractions. In these, the number either denotes omitted characters ({{m+|en|globalization}} → {{m|en|g11n}}) or duplication ({{m+|kne|Kankanaey}} → {{m|kne|Kan2aey}}).", parents = {"縮略詞", "畫謎", "數字拼寫詞"}, } labels["擬聲詞"] = { description = "發音似其所指代的事物的{{{langname}}}詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["分段同源對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are [[Appendix:Glossary#piecewise doublet|piecewise doublets]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } -- Pseudo-loans loop for _, ism_and_langname in ipairs({ {"anglicisms", "English", "英語"}, {"Arabisms", "Arabic", "阿拉伯語"}, {"Gallicisms", "French", "法語"}, {"Germanisms", "German", "德語"}, {"Hispanisms", "Spanish", "西班牙語"}, {"Italianisms", "Italian", "義大利語"}, {"Latinisms", "Latin", "拉丁語"}, {"Japonisms", "Japanese", "日語"}, }) do local ism, langname, zh_langname = unpack(ism_and_langname) labels["偽" .. zh_langname .. "借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that appear to be " .. langname .. ", but are not used or have an unrelated meaning in " .. langname .. " itself.", parents = {"偽借詞"}, umbrella_parents = {name = "偽借詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, } end labels["異分析詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have interacted with another word in such a way that the boundary between the words has been modified.", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["畫謎"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} [[rebus]]es &ndash; terms that are partially or completely represented by images, symbols or numbers, often as a form of wordplay.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["重構詞語"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that are not directly attested, but have been reconstructed through other evidence.", parents = {"詞源"} } labels["重疊並列對詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated pairs.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列對詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列三詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated triples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列三詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列四詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated quadruples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列四詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["重疊並列五詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} reduplicated coordinated quintuples.", breadcrumb = "重疊", parents = {"並列五詞", "疊詞"}, } labels["疊詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中通過詞根或詞幹的重複構造出的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["返璞詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that serve as new unique names for older objects or concepts whose previous names became ambiguous.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["詞根"] = { description = "Basic morphemes from which {{{langname}}} words are formed.", parents = {"詞源", "詞素"}, } labels["梵語構詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms coined from [[tatsama]] [[word]]s and/or [[affix]]es.", parents = {"詞源", "派生自梵語的詞"}, } labels["音象徵詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that use {{w|sound symbolism}} to express ideas but which are not necessarily strictly speaking [[onomatopoeic]].", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["字母拼讀詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} initialisms in which the letter names are spelled out.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["拼寫發音"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose pronunciation was historically or presently affected by their spelling.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["首音互換詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms in which the initial sounds of component parts have been exchanged, as in \"crook and nanny\" for \"nook and cranny\".", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["分類學名祖"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from names of real or fictitious people, used for [[taxonomy]].", parents = {"名祖"}, } labels["依出處分類的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自某部著作或某人作品中新創造的詞。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["無中生有的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms fabricated ''[[ex nihilo]]'', i.e. made up entirely rather than being derived from an existing source.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["含有化石化格詞尾的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms which preserve case morphology which is no longer analyzable within the contemporary grammatical system or which has been entirely lost from the language.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生自電話區號的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from [[area code]]s.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依字型產生的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from the shape of letters. This can include terms derived from the shape of any letter in any alphabet.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依詞根分類的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源的詞根分類。", parents = {"詞源", {name = "詞根", sort = " "}}, } labels["依詞分類的詞"] = { -- English: terms by word description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the word they originate from.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["出自虛構作品的詞"] = { description = "源自虛構作品的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", breadcrumb = "虛構作品", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "fiction"}}, } for _, data in ipairs { {source="Dickensian works", name="查爾斯·狄更斯作品", desc="the works of [[w:Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]]", topic_parent="Charles Dickens"}, {source="DC Comics", name="DC漫畫", desc="[[w:DC漫畫|DC漫畫]]"}, {source="Doraemon", name="哆啦A夢", desc="[[w:Fujiko F. Fujio|Fujiko F. Fujio]]'s ''[[w:Doraemon|Doraemon]]''", displaytitle="《哆啦A夢》"}, {source="Dragon Ball", name="七龍珠", desc="[[w:Akira Toriyama|Akira Toriyama]]'s ''[[w:Dragon Ball|Dragon Ball]]''", displaytitle="《七龍珠》"}, {source="Duckburg and Mouseton", name="Duckburg and Mouseton", desc="[[w:The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s [[w:Duck universe|Duckburg]] and [[w:Mickey Mouse universe|Mouseton]] universe", topic_parent="Disney"}, {source="Futurama", name="飛出個未來", desc="the animated television series ''{{w|Futurama}}''", displaytitle = "《飛出個未來》"}, {source="Harry Potter", name="《哈利波特》", desc="英國作家[[w:J·K·罗琳|J·K·羅琳]]虛構作品《[[w:哈利·波特|-{zh-hans:哈利·波特; zh-hant:哈利波特}-》", displaytitle="《哈利波特》", topic_parent="Harry Potter"}, {source="Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies", name="Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies", desc="''{{w|Looney Tunes}}'' and/or ''{{w|Merrie Melodies}}'', by {{w|Warner Bros. Animation}}", displaytitle = "''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies''"}, {source="Nineteen Eighty-Four", name="《一九八四》", desc="英國作家[[w:乔治·奥威尔|-{zh-hans:乔治·奥威尔; zh-hant:喬治·歐威爾}-]]虛構作品《[[w:一九八四|一九八四]]》", displaytitle="《一九八四》"}, {source="Seinfeld", name="歡樂單身派對", desc="the American television sitcom ''{{w|Seinfeld}}'' (1989–1998)", displaytitle="《歡樂單身派對》"}, {source="Seussian works", name="蘇斯博士作品", desc="the works of [[w:Dr. Seuss|Dr. Seuss]]"}, {source="South Park", name="南方四賤客", desc="the animated television series ''[[w:South Park|South Park]]''", displaytitle="《南方四賤客》"}, {source="Star Trek", name="《星際爭霸戰》", desc="美國電視影集《[[w:星際爭霸戰|-{zh-hans:星际旅行：原初系列; zh-hant:星際爭霸戰}-]]》", displaytitle="《星際爭霸戰》", topic_parent="Star Trek"}, {source="Star Wars", name="《星際大戰》", desc="美國系列電影《[[w:星際大戰|-{zh-hans:星球大战; zh-hant:星際大戰}-]]》", displaytitle="《星際大戰》", topic_parent="Star Wars"}, {source="The Simpsons", name="《辛普森家庭》", desc="美國動畫《[[w:辛普森一家|-{zh-hans:辛普森一家; zh-hant:辛普森家庭}-]]》", displaytitle="《辛普森家庭》", topic_parent="The Simpsons", sort="Simpsons"}, {source="Tolkien's legendarium", name="托爾金虛構作品", desc="英國作家[[w:J·R·R·托爾金|J·R·R·托爾金]]所著古典奇幻作品", topic_parent="J. R. R. Tolkien"}, } do -- Logic adapted for Chinese naming local label_name = "出自" .. data.name .. "的詞" local parents = {{name = "出自虛構作品的詞", sort = data.sort or data.source}} local umbrella_parents = {"詞源子分類"} if data.topic_parent then insert(parents, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:" .. data.topic_parent, raw = true}) insert(umbrella_parents, {name = data.topic_parent, raw = true}) end labels["出自" .. data.name .. "的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自" .. data.desc .. "的詞語。", breadcrumb = data.displaytitle or data.name, parents = parents, umbrella = { parents = umbrella_parents, displaytitle = data.displaytitle and "出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞（依語言分類）" or nil, breadcrumb = data.displaytitle and "出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞", }, displaytitle = data.displaytitle and "{{{langname}}}出自" .. data.displaytitle .. "的詞" or nil, } end labels["出自希臘神話的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived from Greek mythology which have acquired an idiomatic meaning.", breadcrumb = "希臘神話", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Greek mythology"}}, } labels["派生自職業的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自職業名稱的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生詞"] = { -- English: terms derived from other languages description = "{{{langname}}}中派生自其他語言的詞彙。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["出自《聖經》的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自《[[聖經]]》的詞語。", breadcrumb = {name = "《聖經》", nocap = true}, parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Bible"}}, } labels["出自伊索寓言的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from [[Aesop]]'s Fables.", breadcrumb = "伊索寓言", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "Aesop's Fables"}}, } labels["派生自地名的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中出自真實或虛構地名的詞語。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["源自羅馬拼音文字遊戲的詞"] = { -- English: terms derived through romanized wordplay description = "{{{langname}}} terms derived through romanized wordplay.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["依字型產生的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms making reference to character shapes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["派生自體育的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from sports.", breadcrumb = "體育", parents = {{name = "依出處分類的詞", sort = "sports"}}, } labels["派生自棒球的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that originate from baseball.", breadcrumb = "棒球", parents = {{name = "派生自體育的詞", sort = "baseball"}}, } labels["含有印度-雅利安語贅綴的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms extended with particular [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affixes.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms consisting of both a lemma and non-lemma form, of different origins.", breadcrumb = "lemma and non-lemma form", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["有多個詞源的詞"] = { description = "起源於多個源頭的{{{langname}}}詞語。", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["terms with multiple lemma etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} lemmas that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple lemmas", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["terms with multiple non-lemma form etymologies"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} non-lemma forms that are derived from multiple origins.", breadcrumb = "multiple non-lemma forms", parents = {"有多個詞源的詞"}, } labels["詞源不明的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose etymologies have not yet been established.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "unknown etymology"}}, } labels["合寫詞"] = { -- English: univerbations description = "{{{langname}}} terms that result from the agglutination of two or more words.", parents = {"詞源"}, } labels["訛變詞"] = { -- English: words derived through corruption description = "{{{langname}}} words that result from a non-specific or sporadic change.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "corruption"}}, } labels["換位詞"] = { -- English: words derived through metathesis description = "{{{langname}}} words that were created through [[metathesis]] from another word.", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "metathesis"}}, } labels["發生語義轉變的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic shift]].", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "semantic shift"}}, } labels["詞義擴大的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic]] [[broadening]].", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "semantic broadening"}}, } labels["詞義縮小的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} words that show senses explained by [[semantic]] [[narrowing]].", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "semantic narrowing"}}, } labels["褒義詞"] = { -- English: words that have undergone amelioration description = "{{{langname}}} words that have gained a positive [[connotation]] over time.", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "amelioration"}}, } labels["貶義詞"] = { -- English: words that have undergone pejoration description = "{{{langname}}} words that have gained a negative [[connotation]] over time.", parents = {{name = "發生語義轉變的詞", sort = "pejoration"}}, } labels["源自民俗的詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that have an etymology rooted in folklore.", breadcrumb = "民俗", parents = {{name = "詞源", sort = "folklore"}, {name = "{{{langcode}}}:民俗", raw = true}}, umbrella_parents = {{name = "詞源子分類", raw = true}, {name = "民俗", raw = true, sort = " "}} } -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. for _, data in pairs(labels) do -- NOTE: umbrella.parents overrides umbrella_parents if both are given. if not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類" end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["詞源子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms categorized by their etymologies, such as types of compounds or borrowings.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["借詞子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to borrowed terms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "借詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["繼承詞子分類"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to inherited terms.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "繼承詞", is_label = true, sort = " "}, {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["印度-雅利安語贅綴"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms extended with particular [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affixes.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["Multiple etymology subcategories by language"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to terms with multiple etymologies.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", {name = "詞源子分類", sort = " "}, }, } raw_categories["回借詞"] = { description = "Categories with terms in specific languages that were borrowed from a second language that previously borrowed the term from the first language.", additional = "A well-known example is {{m+|en|salaryman}}, a term borrowed from Japanese which in turn was borrowed from the English words [[salary]] and [[man]].\n\n{{{umbrella_msg}}}", parents = "詞源子分類", } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function get_source(source_name, allow_family, name_type) local source = get_lang_by_name(source_name, nil, true, allow_family) if source == nil then return nil end -- Check that the source name matches the expected form (e.g. getCanonicalName, getDisplayForm etc). if source[name_type](source) == source_name then return source end end local function get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) if source:getCode() == "ine-pro" and term_type:find("^詞根$") then return "[[w:原始印歐語詞根|原始印歐語" .. term_type .. "]]" end -- 調整中文顯示格式 return "[[w:" .. source:getWikipediaArticle() .. "|" .. source:getCanonicalName() .. "]]" .. term_type end local function get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) -- HACK! Map 'taxonomic names', as generated by [[Module:etymology]], back to its canonical name -- before calling getByCanonicalName(). We need a more general solution here. local source_desc if source_name == "taxonomic names" then source_name = "taxonomic name" source_desc = "[[w:taxonomic nomenclature|taxonomic names]]" end local source = get_source(source_name, true, "getDisplayForm") if source == nil then return end source_desc = source_desc or source:makeCategoryLink() if source:hasType("family") then source_desc = source_desc .. "中的一種" -- Chinese adjustment: one of the ... end return source, source_desc end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- word handlers ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE word word' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler. local function lang_is_semitic(lang) return lang:inFamily("sem") end -- 處理：[[:Category:詞源屬於原始閃米特語詞*bayt-的阿拉伯語詞]] -- Handler for [[:Category:Arabic terms belonging to the Proto-Semitic word *bayt-]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, labelpref, word_and_id = data.label:match("^詞源屬於(.+)(詞)(.+)的詞$") if not word_and_id then return end -- 在中文標籤中，labelpref (如 "word") 已經被整合在正則表達式中， -- 但為了邏輯一致性，我們這裡檢查 source_name 是否有效 local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local word, id = word_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not word then word = word_and_id end local is_semitic = lang_is_semitic(data.lang) local word_desc = is_semitic and "[[w:Semitic word|詞]]" or "詞" local parents = {} if id then -- e.g. 詞源屬於原始閃米特語詞*bayt-的詞 (noun) insert(parents, {name = "詞源屬於" .. source_name .. labelpref .. word .. "的詞", sort = id}) end insert(parents, {name = "依" .. source_name .. "詞分類的詞", sort = word_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]" local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]" -- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style words) local word_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(word, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(word_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local linked_word = data.lang and full_link({ term = word, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or word if num_sep > 0 then insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "字母詞", sort = word_and_id}) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, word, tag_text(word, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(word, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms that belong to the " .. word_desc .. " " .. linked_word .. ".", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, } end) -- Handler for [[:Category:Arabic terms by Proto-Semitic word]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^依(.+)詞分類的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local parents = {"詞源"} -- In [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian word]], -- don't add parent [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian]]. if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then parents[2] = "派生自" .. source:getDisplayForm() .. "的詞" end return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms categorized by the " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "詞") .. " they originate from.", parents = parents, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Root handlers ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handlers for 'terms derived from the SOURCE root ROOT' must go *BEFORE* the -- more general 'terms derived from SOURCE' handler. -- Handler for e.g. [[:Category:Yola terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)]] -- Replaces the former [[Module:category tree/PIE root cat]], [[Module:category tree/root cat]] and [[Template:PIE word cat]]. insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, term_type, term_and_id -- 匹配中文格式：來自SOURCETERM的(詞根|詞|詞語) for _, tt in ipairs{"詞根", "詞語", "詞"} do source_name, term_and_id = data.label:match("^來自(.+)" .. tt .. "(.+)的詞$") if source_name then term_type = tt break end end if not source_name then return end local term, id = term_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not term then term = term_and_id end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end -- 對應 labels 中的 "依詞根分類的詞" 等 local parents = { { name = "依" .. source_name .. term_type .. "分類的詞", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)), } } local umbrella_parents = { { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. term_type .. "的詞", sort = (source:makeSortKey(term)), } } if id then insert(parents, { name = "來自" .. source_name .. term_type .. term .. "的詞", sort = " " }) insert(umbrella_parents, { name = "來自" .. source_name .. term_type .. term .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }) end -- Italicize the word/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, term, tag_text(term, source, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(term, source, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") local term_page, alt_form -- 檢查是否為閃米特語族 if term_type == "詞根" and source:inFamily("sem") then term_page = ("Appendix:%s詞根/%s"):format(source:getCanonicalName(), term) alt_form = term else term_page = term end return { description = "{{{langname}}}中最終源自" .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, term_type) .. " " .. full_link({ term = term_page, alt = alt_form, lang = source, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") .. "的詞。", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = umbrella_parents, } } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local labelpref, root_and_id = data.label:match("^(詞根為)(.+)的詞$") if not root_and_id then return end local root, id = root_and_id:match("^(.+) %((.-)%)$") if not root then root = root_and_id end -- See if the language is Semitic. local fam = data.lang local is_semitic = false while true do if not fam then break end if fam:getCode() == "qfa-not" then break end if fam:getCode() == "sem" then is_semitic = true break end fam = fam:getFamily() end local root_desc = is_semitic and "[[w:閃米特語詞根|詞根]]" or "詞根" local parents = {} if id then insert(parents, {name = labelpref .. root .. "的詞", sort = id}) -- 注意中文後綴 end insert(parents, {name = "依詞根分類的詞", sort = root_and_id}) local separators = "־ %-" local separator_c = "[" .. separators .. "]" local not_separator_c = "[^" .. separators .. "]" -- remove any leading or trailing separators (e.g. in PIE-style roots) local root_no_prefix_suffix = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(root, separator_c .. "$", ""), "^" .. separator_c, "") local num_sep = mw.ustring.len(mw.ustring.gsub(root_no_prefix_suffix, not_separator_c, "")) local root_page, alt_form if is_semitic then root_page = ("Appendix:%s詞根/%s"):format(data.lang:getCanonicalName(), root) alt_form = root else root_page = root end local linked_root = data.lang and full_link( { term = root_page, alt = alt_form, lang = data.lang, gloss = id, id = id }, "term") or root_page if num_sep > 0 then insert(parents, {name = "" .. (num_sep + 1) .. "字母詞根", sort = root_and_id}) end -- Italicize the root/word in the title. local function displaytitle(title, lang) return plain_gsub(title, root, tag_text(root, lang, nil, "term")) end local breadcrumb = tag_text(root, data.lang, nil, "term") .. (id and " (" .. id .. ")" or "") return { description = "本分類列出由" .. root_desc .. " " .. linked_root .. " 構成的{{{langname}}}詞彙。", displaytitle = displaytitle, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = false, } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^依(.+)詞根分類的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end local parents = {"詞源"} -- In [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms by Proto-Indo-Iranian root]], -- don't add parent [[:Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian]]. if not data.lang or data.lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then insert(parents, "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞") end return { description = "{{{langname}}}詞彙，依其起源的" .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, "詞根") .. "分類。", parents = parents, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } end) insert(handlers, function(data) local root_shape, additional -- 適應中文命名：直接判斷是否為「不規則形狀詞根」，或者擷取「(...)形詞根」的前綴 if data.label == "不規則形狀詞根" then root_shape = "不規則" else root_shape = data.label:match("^(.+)形詞根$") end if not root_shape then return elseif data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then additional = [=[ * '''e''' 代表詞根的元音。 * '''C''' 代表任何塞音或 ''s''。 * '''R''' 代表任何響音。 * '''H''' 代表任何喉音。 * '''M''' 代表在響音之前的 ''m'' 或 ''w''。 * '''s''' 代表在塞音旁邊的 ''s''。]=] end if root_shape == "不規則" then return { breadcrumb = "不規則", description = "{{{langname}}}形狀違反{{w|原始印歐語詞根#詞根的形狀|已知詞根形狀規則}}的詞根。", additional = additional, parents = {{name = "依形狀分類的詞根", sort = "*"}}, umbrella = false, } end return { breadcrumb = root_shape, description = "形狀為 ''" .. root_shape .. "'' 的{{{langname}}}詞根。", additional = additional, parents = {{name = "依形狀分類的詞根", sort = root_shape}}, umbrella = false, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- Derived/inherited/borrowed handlers -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms derived from SOURCE", where SOURCE is a language, etymology language -- or family (e.g. "Indo-European languages"), along with corresponding umbrella categories of the form -- "Terms derived from SOURCE". insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^派生自(.+)的詞$") if not source_name then return end local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end -- Compute description. local desc = "起源於" .. source_desc .. "的{{{langname}}}詞彙。" local additional if source:hasType("family") then additional = "理想情況下，本分類應僅含有其他分類。如果詞條歸屬的子分類不明確，也可將之歸類於此。" .. "如果您知道本分類内的詞條派生自何種語言，請直接編輯相應的詞條。" end -- Compute parents. local derived_from_variety_of_self = false local parent local sortkey = source:getDisplayForm() if source:hasType("etymology-only") then -- By default, `parent` is the source's parent. parent = source:getParent() -- Check if the source is a variety (or subvariety) of the language. if data.lang and source:hasParent(data.lang) then derived_from_variety_of_self = true end -- If the language is the direct parent of the source or the parent is "und", then we use the family of the source as `parent` instead. if data.lang and (parent:getCode() == data.lang:getCode() or parent:getCode() == "und") then parent = source:getFamily() end -- Regular language or family. else local fam = source:getFamily() if fam then parent = fam end end -- If `parent` does not exist, is the same as `source`, or would be "isolate languages" or "not a family", then we discard it. if (not parent) or parent:getCode() == source:getCode() or parent:getCode() == "qfa-iso" or parent:getCode() == "qfa-not" or parent:getCode() == "qfa-unc" then parent = nil derived_from_variety_of_self = false -- Otherwise, get the display form. else parent = parent:getDisplayForm() end parent = parent and "派生自" .. parent .. "的詞" or "派生詞" local parents = {{name = parent, sort = sortkey}} if derived_from_variety_of_self then insert(parents, "Category:Categories for terms in a language derived from a term in a subvariety of that language") end -- Compute umbrella parents. local cat_name = source:getCode() == "mul-tax" and "Taxonomic names" or source:getCategoryName() if source:hasType("etymology-only") then require("Module:category tree/lects").export.register_likely_lect_parent_cat(cat_name) end local umbrella_parents = { (source:hasType("family") or source:getCode() == "mul-tax") and {name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = " "} or {name = cat_name, raw = true, sort = "派生自"} } -- Breadcrumb logic local breadcrumb = source_name -- if source:hasType("family") and breadcrumb:find(" languages$") then -- local truncated_breadcrumb = breadcrumb:gsub(" languages$", "") -- if not get_lang_by_name(truncated_breadcrumb, nil, "allow etym") then -- breadcrumb = truncated_breadcrumb -- end -- end return { description = desc, additional = additional, breadcrumb = breadcrumb, parents = parents, umbrella = { description = "收錄起源於" .. source_desc .. "的詞語的分類。", parents = umbrella_parents, }, } end) -- Handler for categories of the form "LANG terms inherited/borrowed from SOURCE" local function inherited_borrowed_handler(etymtype, zh_etymtype) return function(data) local source_name = data.label:match("^源自(.+)的" .. zh_etymtype .. "$") if not source_name then return end local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end return { description = "{{{langname}}}中源自" .. source_desc .. "的" .. zh_etymtype .. "。", breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { {name = zh_etymtype, sort = source_name}, {name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", sort = " "}, }, umbrella = { parents = { { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }, etymtype == "inherited" and { name = "繼承詞子分類", sort = source_name } or "借詞子分類", } }, } end end insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("borrowed", "借詞")) insert(handlers, inherited_borrowed_handler("inherited", "繼承詞")) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Borrowing subtype handlers ------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- General handler for specific borrowing subtypes local function borrowing_subtype_handler(dest, source_name, parent_cat, spec) local source, source_desc = get_source_and_source_desc(source_name) if not source then return end local dest_name = dest and dest:getCanonicalName() or "未知" local additional, umbrella_additional if spec.additional then if dest then additional = spec.additional(source, dest) else umbrella_additional = spec.umbrella_additional(source) end else if not spec.categorizing_templates then error("Internal error: Must specify either `categorizing_templates` or the combination of `additional` and `umbrella_additional` in each borrowing subtype spec") end local extra_templates = {} local extra_template_text for i, template in ipairs(spec.categorizing_templates) do if i > 1 then insert(extra_templates, ("{{tl|%s|...}}"):format(template)) end end if #extra_templates > 0 then extra_template_text = (" (或 %s，使用相同語法)"):format( serial_comma_join(extra_templates, {conj = "or"})) else extra_template_text = "" end if dest then additional = ("若要將詞條歸入本分類，請使用 {{tl|%s|%s|%s|<var>源詞</var>}}%s，" .. "其中 <code><var>源詞</var></code> 是該詞借自%s的詞彙。"):format( spec.categorizing_templates[1], dest:getCode(), source:getCode(), extra_template_text, source_name) else additional = ("若要將詞條歸入特定語言的子分類，請使用 " .. "{{tl|%s|<var>目標語言代碼</var>|%s|<var>源詞</var>}}%s，其中 <code><var>目標語言代碼</var></code> " .. "是該詞所屬語言的代碼（參見[[Wiktionary:語言列表]]），而 " .. "<code><var>源詞</var></code> 則是借自%s的詞彙。"):format(spec.categorizing_templates[1], source:getCode(), extra_template_text, source_name) end end return { description = "{{{langname}}}" .. spec.from_source_desc:gsub("SOURCE", source_desc):gsub("DEST", dest_name), additional = additional, breadcrumb = source_name, parents = { { name = parent_cat, sort = source_name }, { name = "源自" .. source_name .. "的借詞", sort = " " }, }, umbrella = { additional = umbrella_additional, parents = { { name = "源自" .. source_name .. "的借詞", is_label = true, sort = " " }, "借詞子分類", } }, } end -- Specs describing types of borrowings. -- Keys converted to Chinese to match `labels`. local borrowing_specs = { ["古典借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的古典借詞，即直接從另一語言中整合過來，而非經過一般的語言接觸直接借來的詞。", umbrella_desc = "源自另一語言的古典借詞。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"lbor", "learned borrowing"}, }, ["半接觸借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[semi-learned borrowing|半接觸借詞]]，即借自SOURCE（一種[[古典語言]]）到DEST（一種現代語言），並根據發音變化或與其他[[繼承]]詞類比調整了詞形的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[semi-learned borrowing|半接觸借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"slbor", "semi-learned borrowing"}, }, ["形譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的形譯詞，即所借用的是其書體而非其發音的詞。", umbrella_desc = "形譯詞，即所借用的是其書體而非其發音的詞。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"obor", "orthographic borrowing"}, }, ["非同化借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[loanword|非同化借詞]]，即不符合DEST詞法、句法、音系和/或語音組合規則的借詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[loanword|非同化借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, categorizing_templates = {"ubor", "unadapted borrowing"}, }, ["同化借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[loanword|同化借詞]]，即添加了詞綴以符合DEST通常詞法規則的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[loanword|同化借詞]]。", uses_subtype_handler = true, additional = function(source, dest) return ("若要將詞條歸入本分類，請使用 {{tl|af|%s|3=type=adap|4=%s:<var>source_term</var>|5=-<var>affix</var>}} " .. "(或 {{tl|af|%s|3=type=abor|4=...}}，使用相同語法)，其中 <code><var>source_term</var></code> 是 " .. "該詞借自%s的詞彙，而 <code><var>affix</var></code> " .. "則是用來調整%s詞彙的%s詞綴。例如 " .. "{{m+|pl|adresować||to address}} 就會使用 {{tl|af|pl|3=type=adap|4=fr:adresser|5=-ować}} 來表示 " .. "它是由 {{m+|fr|adresser}} 加上波蘭語動詞詞綴 " .. "{{m|pl|-ować}} 構成的。"):format(dest:getCode(), source:getCode(), dest:getCode(), source:getCanonicalName(), dest:getCanonicalName(), source:getCanonicalName()) end, umbrella_additional = function(source) return ("若要將詞條歸入特定語言的子分類，請使用 {{tl|af|<var>destcode</var>|3=type=adap|4=%s:<var>source_term</var>|5=-<var>affix</var>}} " .. "(或 {{tl|af|<var>destcode</var>|3=type=abor|4=...}}，使用相同語法)，其中 " .. "<code><var>destcode</var></code> 是目標語言代碼（參見 " .. "[[Wiktionary:語言列表]])；<code><var>source_term</var></code> 是該詞借自%s的詞彙" .. "；而 <code><var>affix</var></code> 則是用來調整%s詞彙的目標語言詞綴。 " .. "例如 {{m+|pl|adresować||to address}} " .. "就會使用 {{tl|af|pl|3=type=adap|4=fr:adresser|5=-ować}} 來表示 " .. "它是由 {{m+|fr|adresser}} 加上波蘭語動詞詞綴 {{m|pl|-ować}} 構成的。"):format( source:getCode(), source:getCanonicalName(), source:getCanonicalName()) end, }, ["意譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#意譯|意譯詞]]，即其釋義借自SOURCE詞彙的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#意譯|意譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", categorizing_templates = {"sl", "semantic loan"}, }, ["部分仿譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#部分仿譯|部分仿譯詞]]，這些詞的詞形部分由逐詞翻譯得來，部分直接借來。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#部分仿譯|部分仿譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", label_pattern = "^源自(.+)的部分仿譯詞$", categorizing_templates = {"pcal", "pclq", "partial calque"}, }, ["仿譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:術語表#仿譯|仿譯詞]]，即逐詞翻譯自SOURCE表達方式的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:術語表#仿譯|仿譯詞]]。", umbrella_parent = "詞源", label_pattern = "^源自(.+)的仿譯詞$", categorizing_templates = {"cal", "clq", "calque"}, }, ["音義兼譯詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:Glossary#phono-semantic matching|音義兼譯詞]]，即在音譯的同時照顧到詞義的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:Glossary#phono-semantic matching|音義兼譯詞]]。", categorizing_templates = {"psm", "phono-semantic matching"}, }, ["偽借詞"] = { from_source_desc = "源自SOURCE的[[Appendix:Glossary#pseudo-loan|偽借詞]]，即看似源自SOURCE，但在SOURCE本語言中不存在或意義不同的詞。", umbrella_desc = "[[Appendix:Glossary#pseudo-loan|偽借詞]]。", categorizing_templates = {"pl", "pseudo-loan"}, }, } for bortype, spec in pairs(borrowing_specs) do labels[bortype] = { description = "{{{langname}}}" .. spec.umbrella_desc, parents = {spec.umbrella_parent or "借詞"}, umbrella_parents = "詞源子分類", } if not spec.uses_subtype_handler then -- 如果沒有指定 label_pattern，則自動生成 local label_pattern = spec.label_pattern or "^源自(.+)的" .. pattern_escape(bortype) .. "$" insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name = data.label:match(label_pattern) if source_name then return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, bortype, spec) end end) end end -- 處理通用格式：[[:Category:源自英語的古典借詞]] insert(handlers, function(data) local source_name, borrowing_type = data.label:match("^源自(.+)的(.+)$") if borrowing_type then local spec = borrowing_specs[borrowing_type] if spec then return borrowing_subtype_handler(data.lang, source_name, borrowing_type, spec) end end end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- Indo-Aryan extension handlers ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- FIXME: Put this in a family-specific module. insert(handlers, function(data) local labelpref, extension = data.label:match("^(含有印度%-雅利安語贅綴(.+)的詞)$") if not extension then return end local lang_inc_ash = require("Module:languages").getByCode("inc-ash") local linked_term = full_link({lang = lang_inc_ash, term = extension}, "term") local tagged_term = tag_text(extension, lang_inc_ash, nil, "term") return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms extended with the [[Indo-Aryan]] [[pleonastic]] affix " .. linked_term .. ".", displaytitle = "{{{langname}}} " .. labelpref .. tagged_term, breadcrumb = tagged_term, parents = {{name = "含有印度-雅利安語贅綴的詞", sort = extension}}, umbrella = { no_by_language = true, parents = "印度-雅利安語贅綴", displaytitle = "含有印度-雅利安語贅綴" .. tagged_term .. "的詞", } } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- Coined-by handlers ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(handlers, function(data) local coiner = data.label:match("^由(.+)所創造的新詞$") if not coiner then return end -- Sort by last name per request from [[User:Metaknowledge]] -- 中文姓名排序可能較複雜，暫時直接使用全名或嘗試提取最後一部分 local last_name = umatch(coiner, ".-%s(%S+)$") return { description = "{{{langname}}}中由" .. coiner .. "所創造的新詞。", breadcrumb = coiner, parents = {{ name = "新創詞", sort = last_name and last_name .. ", " .. coiner or coiner, }}, umbrella = false, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Multiple etymology handlers ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- insert(handlers, function(data) local pos = data.label:match("^有多個(.+)詞源的詞$") if not pos then return end local plpos = pluralize_pos(pos) local postype = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(plpos) if not postype then return end return { description = "起源於多個源頭的{{{langname}}}" .. plpos .. "。", umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language", breadcrumb = "多個" .. plpos, parents = {{ -- 假設 pos 是 "名詞"，postype 可能是 "lemma" -- 這裡需要注意中文的 pluralize_pos 表現 name = postype == "lemma" and "terms with multiple lemma etymologies" or "terms with multiple non-lemma form etymologies", -- 需要確認上層分類名稱是否要中文化，暫時保留英文 Key 或需同步修改 sort = pos, }}, } end) -- 處理：兼有名詞和動詞詞源的詞 insert(handlers, function(data) local pos1, pos2 = data.label:match("^兼有(.+)和(.+)詞源的詞$") if not pos1 then return end local pos1type = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(pluralize_pos(pos1)) local pos2type = pos_lemma_or_nonlemma(pluralize_pos(pos2)) if not (pos1type and pos2type) then return end return { description = "{{{langname}}} terms consisting of " .. add_indefinite_article(pos1) .." of one origin and " .. add_indefinite_article(pos2) .. " of a different origin.", umbrella_parents = "Multiple etymology subcategories by language", breadcrumb = pos1 .. "和" .. pos2, parents = {{ name = pos1type == pos2type and "terms with multiple " .. pos1type .. " etymologies" or "terms with lemma and non-lemma form etymologies", sort = pos1 .. " " .. pos2, }}, } end) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Borrowed-back handlers -------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:英語回借詞]]. L10N labels["回借詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}中借自其他語言中某個借自{{{langname}}}的詞的詞。", parents = {"詞源", "借詞"}, } ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW HANDLERS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Handler for umbrella metacategories of the form e.g. [[:Category:派生自原始印度-伊朗語詞根的詞]] -- and [[:Category:派生自原始印歐語詞的詞]]. insert(raw_handlers, function(data) local source_name, terms_type for _, tt in ipairs{"詞根", "詞", "詞語"} do source_name = data.category:match("^派生自(.+)" .. tt .. "的詞$") if source_name then terms_type = tt break end end if not source_name then return end local source = get_source(source_name, false, "getCanonicalName") if not source then return end return { description = "Umbrella categories covering terms derived from particular " .. get_source_and_type_desc(source, terms_type) .. ".", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "綜合元分類", { name = terms_type == "詞根" and "詞根" or "詞元", is_label = true, lang = source:getCode(), sort = " " }, { name = "派生自" .. source_name .. "的詞", is_label = true, sort = " " .. terms_type }, }, } end) return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories, HANDLERS = handlers, RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers} rrmba1rek0sss850dndmtwz94po6tix 10 1365330 9890458 9678947 2026-09-08T09:55:17Z Fglffer 55252 9890458 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{inflection-table-top|palette=red|tall=yes|title={{lang|ja|{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{lemma}}}{{#if:{{{suru|}}}|[[する]]|{{{terminal}}}}}}}}} 的活用形（參見[[Appendix:日語動詞]]）}} ! colspan="4" class="outer" | [[Appendix:日語術語表#活用形|活用形]] |- ! style="width:40%" | {{l|ja|未然形}} {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{imperfective}}}|{{{imperfective2|}}}|{{{imperfective3|}}}}} |- !{{l|ja|連用形}} {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{continuative}}}|{{{continuative2|}}}|{{{continuative3|}}}}} |- ! {{l|ja|終止形}} {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{terminal}}}|{{{terminal2|}}}|{{{terminal3|}}}}} |- ! 連體形<br/>（{{l|ja|連体形}}） {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{attributive}}}|{{{attributive2|}}}|{{{attributive3|}}}}} |- ! 假定形<br/>（{{l|ja|仮定形}}） {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{hypothetical}}}|{{{hypothetical2|}}}|{{{hypothetical3|}}}}} |- ! {{l|ja|命令形}} {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{imperative}}}|{{{imperative2|}}}|{{{imperative3|}}}|note1={{{imp1_note|}}}|note2={{{imp2_note|}}}}} |- ! colspan="4" class="outer" | 常用構式 |- ! 被動 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{passive}}}|{{{passive2|}}}|{{{passive3|}}}}} |- ! 使役 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{causative}}}|{{{causative2|}}}|{{{causative3|}}}}} |- ! 可能 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{potential}}}|{{{potential2|}}}|{{{potential3|}}}|note2={{{pont2_note|}}}}} |- ! 意志 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{volitional}}}|{{{volitional2|}}}|{{{volitional3|}}}}} |- ! 否定 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{negative}}}|{{{negative2|}}}|{{{negative3|}}}}} |- ! 否定連用 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{negative_continuative}}}|{{{negative_continuative2|}}}|{{{negative_continuative3|}}}}} |- ! 敬體 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{formal}}}|{{{formal2|}}}|{{{formal3|}}}}} |- ! 完成 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{perfective}}}|{{{perfective2|}}}|{{{perfective3|}}}}} |- ! 接續 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{conjunctive}}}|{{{conjunctive2|}}}|{{{conjunctive3|}}}}} |- ! 條件 {{ja-verbconj-row|lemma={{{lemma}}}|kana={{{kana}}}|{{{hypothetical_conditional}}}|{{{hypothetical_conditional2|}}}|{{{hypothetical_conditional3|}}}}} {{inflection-table-bottom|notes={{{notes|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> lgs1lrp1m8cbdayx597u6n8ndrpihzi 10 1365331 9890459 9654868 2026-09-08T09:56:33Z Fglffer 55252 9890459 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>||<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{lemma}}}{{{1}}}}}{{{note1|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{lemma}}}{{{2}}}}}{{{note2|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{lemma}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span> {{#if:{{{kana|}}}|{{!}} {{!}} <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{kana}}}{{{1}}}}}{{{note1|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{kana}}}{{{2}}}}}{{{note2|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{#invoke:ja|rm_spaces_hyphens|{{{kana}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span>}} | <span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn">{{xlit|ja|sc=Hrkt|{{#ifeq:{{{kana|}}}||{{{lemma|}}}|{{{kana|}}}}}.{{{1}}}}}{{{note1|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{xlit|ja|sc=Hrkt|{{#ifeq:{{{kana|}}}||{{{lemma|}}}|{{{kana|}}}}}.{{{2}}}}}{{{note2|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<br/><!-- -->{{xlit|ja|sc=Hrkt|{{#ifeq:{{{kana|}}}||{{{lemma|}}}|{{{kana|}}}}}.{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></span></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:日語動詞屈折表模板]]</noinclude> n87s170sh4iri0oz7j2wgazvzzqfz9b 828 1373314 9889894 9854977 2026-09-07T12:18:49Z TongcyDai 53191 9889894 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local yodated_v = "ЯяЮюЁё" local vowels = "үҮұҰеЕэЭәӘөӨАаоОЫыІі" .. "اىوۇە" .. yodated_v local consonants = "БбВвГгҒғДдЖжЗзЙйКкҚқЛлМмНнҢңПпРрСсТтФфХхҺһЦцЧчШшЩщЪъЬь" .. "بپتجچحدرزسشعفقكگڭلمنۆھ" local semiv = "УуИи" .. "يۋ" .. "IiyUuw" -- these letters act irregularly so deal with them separately local U = mw.ustring.char local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local hamzah = U(0x674) -- Kazakh High Hamza local sukuun = U(0x652) -- sukuun is not used in Kazakh arabic orthography, its only used here to supress vowel fronting when respelling terms in quotation templates local tt = {} tt["Cyrl"] = { ["ү"]="ü",["Ү"]="Ü",["т"]="t",["Т"]="T",["һ"]="h",["Һ"]="H",["р"]="r",["Р"]="R" ,["ф"]="f",["Ф"]="F",["ш"]="š",["Ш"]="š",["н"]="n",["Н"]="N",["п"]="p",["П"]="P" ,["й"]="y",["Й"]="Y",["л"]="l",["Л"]="L",["з"]="z",["З"]="Z",["е"]="e",["Е"]="E" ,["г"]="g",["Г"]="G",["б"]="b",["Б"]="B",["у"]="uw",["У"]="Uw",["с"]="s",["С"]="S" ,["х"]="x",["Х"]="X",["ы"]="ı",["Ы"]="I",["м"]="m",["М"]="M",["о"]="o",["О"]="O" ,["и"]="ıy",["И"]="Iy",["ж"]="j",["Ж"]="J",["к"]="k",["К"]="K",["д"]="d",["Д"]="D" ,["в"]="v",["В"]="V",["а"]="a",["А"]="A",["ң"]="ŋ",["Ң"]="Ŋ",["ә"]="ä",["Ә"]="Ä" ,["ұ"]="u",["Ұ"]="U",["қ"]="q",["Қ"]="Q",["ғ"]="ğ",["Ғ"]="Ğ" ,["і"]="i",["І"]="İ",["ө"]="ö",["Ө"]="Ö" --mostly in loanwords from Russian ,["ё"]="yo",["Ё"]="Yo",["ц"]="c",["Ц"]="C",["ч"]="č",["Ч"]="Č",["щ"]="šč",["Щ"]="Šč" ,["ъ"]="ʺ",["Ъ"]="ʺ",["ь"]="ʹ",["Ь"]="ʹ",["э"]="è",["Э"]="È",["ю"]="yuw",["Ю"]="Yuw" ,["я"]="ya",["Я"]="Ya"}; tt["Arab"] = { -- consonants ["م"] = "m", ["ن"] = "n", ["د"] = "d", ["ت"] = "t", ["ب"] = "b", ["پ"] = "p", ["ف"] = "f", ["ق"] = "q", ["ك"] = "k", ["ڭ"] = "ŋ", ["گ"] = "g", ["ع"] = "ğ", ["ھ"] = "h", ["ح"] = "x", ["چ"] = "č", ["ج"] = "j", ["ز"] = "z", ["س"] = "s", ["ش"] = "š", ["ر"] = "r", ["ل"] = "l", ["ي"] = "ıy", ["ۋ"] = "uw", ["ۆ"] = "v", -- vowels ["ا"] = "a", ["ە"] = "e", ["ى"] = "ı", ["و"] = "o", ["ۇ"] = "u", [hamzah] = "", [sukuun] = "", -- punctuation ["؟"]="?", ["،"]=",", ["؛"]=";", ["ـ"]="-" } local function vowelfronting(text) text = gsub(text, "ا", "ä") text = gsub(text, "ە", "e") text = gsub(text, "ى", "i") text = gsub(text, "ي", "iy") text = gsub(text, "و", "ö") text = gsub(text, "ۇ", "ü") text = gsub(text, "ۋ", "üw") text = gsub(text, "Я", "Йә") text = gsub(text, "я", "йә") text = gsub(text, "Ё", "Йө") text = gsub(text, "ё", "йө") return text end function export.tr(text, lang, sc) if type(text) == "table" then options = {} text, script = text.args[1], text.args[2] end if (sc == "Cyrl") then text = gsub(text, '([юЮ])', function(c) local yodated = { ["ю"]="йу",["Ю"]="Йу"} return yodated[c] end) text = gsub(text, "([АОҰЭЯЁЮЕЪЬаоұэяёюеьъ][́̀]?)([ЕеЭэ])", function(a, e) local iotated = { ['е'] = 'йе', ['Е'] = 'ЙЕ', ['э'] = 'е', ['Э'] = 'Е', -- yodate it now bc removing it later fixes issues } return a .. iotated[e] end) -- add vowel local frontv = { ['И'] = 'İy', ['и'] = 'iy', ['У'] = 'Üw', ['у'] = 'üw', } local backv = { ['И'] = 'Iy', ['и'] = 'ıy', ['У'] = 'Uw', ['у'] = 'uw', } local defaultv = { ['И'] = 'İy', ['и'] = 'iy', ['У'] = 'Uw', ['у'] = 'uw', } text = gsub(text, '([^' .. consonants .. semiv .. '])([Уу])', function(v, s) local semiv = { ['У'] = 'W', ['у'] = 'w', } return v .. semiv[s] end) text = gsub(text, '^([Уу])([^' .. consonants .. '])', function(s, v) local semiv = { ['У'] = 'W', ['у'] = 'w', } return semiv[s] .. v end) -- match the fronting of the following vowel, if there is one text = gsub(text, '([ИиУу])([' .. vowels ..'])', function(s, v) if mw.ustring.match(v, '[үҮеЕэЭәӘөӨІі]') then return frontv[s] .. v else return backv[s] .. v end end) -- otherwise, match the fronting of the previous vowel text = gsub(text, '([' .. vowels .. "КкГгҚқҒғ][" .. consonants .. semiv .. ']*)([ИиУу])', function(v, s) if mw.ustring.match(v, '[үҮеЕэЭәӘөӨІіГгКк]') then return v .. frontv[s] else if mw.ustring.match(v, '[ұҰАаоОЫыҒғҚқ]') then return v .. backv[s] else return v .. defaultv[s] end end end) --[=[ EXCEPTION Каир = Kair this only ever happens in Russian loanwords so we wont bother with vowel harmony ]=] text = gsub(text, '([' .. vowels .. '])([Ии])([' .. consonants .. '])', function(v, s, c) local semiv = { ['И'] = 'İ', ['и'] = 'i', } return v .. semiv[s] .. c end) text = gsub(text, "([İiIı])[Yy]([ЯяЮюЁёЭэ])", "%1%2") text = gsub(text, "[Йй]([эЭ])", "%1") if mw.ustring.match(text, "[" .. vowels .. "ГгКк][" .. consonants .. semiv .. "]*[ЯяЮюЁё]") then text = gsub(text, "(" .. "[үҮеЕэЭәӘөӨІіГгКк]" .. "[" .. consonants .. semiv .. "ÎîÛû]*[ЯяЮюЁё])", vowelfronting) else text = gsub(text, "(" .. "[ЯяЮюЁё]" .. "[" .. consonants .. semiv .. "ÎîÛû]*" .. "[үҮеЕэЭәӘөӨІіГгКк])", vowelfronting) end end if (sc == "Arab") then -- mark fronting text = gsub(text, U(0x621), hamzah) --[=[ Many government sources in China and Kazakhstan use regular hamza so we'll allow it here; But ideally, it should be replaced in entries. ]=] text = gsub(text, "([" .. vowels .. consonants .. semiv .. "?]+)([ەكگ])", hamzah .. "%1%2") text = gsub(text, "([^" .. vowels .. consonants .. semiv .. "]+)([ەكگ])", "%1" .. hamzah .. "%2") text = gsub(text, "^([ەكگ])", hamzah .. "%1") -- change ۋي in open syllables text = gsub(text, "([^" .. consonants .. semiv .. "])([ۋي])([" .. vowels .. "])", function(c, s, v) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'w', ['ي'] = 'y', } return c .. addv[s] .. v end) text = gsub(text, "([" .. vowels .. "])([ۋي])", function(v, s) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'w', ['ي'] = 'y', } return v .. addv[s] end) text = gsub(text, "^([ۋي])([^" .. consonants .. semiv .. "])", function(s, c) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'w', ['ي'] = 'y', } return addv[s] .. c end) --[=[text = gsub(text, "([" .. consonants .. semiv .. "])([ۋي])([" .. consonants .. semiv .. "])", function(c, s, v) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'û', ['ي'] = 'î', } return c .. addv[s] .. v end) text = gsub(text, "([^" .. vowels .. consonants .. semiv .. "])([ۋي])([" .. consonants .. semiv .. "])", function(c, s, v) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'û', ['ي'] = 'î', } return c .. addv[s] .. v end) text = gsub(text, "^([ۋي])([" .. consonants .. "])", function(s, v) local addv = { ['ۋ'] = 'û', ['ي'] = 'î', } return addv[s] .. v end)]=] -- vowel harmony text = gsub(text, "(" .. hamzah .. "[" .. consonants .. vowels .. semiv .. "îû]+)", vowelfronting) -- ق and ع break vowel harmony text = gsub(text, "([قع])([äiöü])", function(c, v) local defronted = { ['ä'] = 'a', ['i'] = 'ı', ['ö'] = 'o', ['ü'] = 'u', } return c .. defronted[v] end) text = gsub(text, "([äiöü])([قع])", function(v, c) local defronted = { ['ä'] = 'a', ['i'] = 'ı', ['ö'] = 'o', ['ü'] = 'u', } return defronted[v] .. c end) end return mw.ustring.toNFC(mw.ustring.gsub(text, '.', tt[sc])) end return export mqfa4usxiapkyp8k3sfb7q5b11dx5l8 828 1373380 9889897 8354170 2026-09-07T12:22:25Z TongcyDai 53191 9889897 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local data = {} data["Arab"] = { -- consonants ["م"] = "m", ["ن"] = "n", ["د"] = "d", ["ت"] = "t", ["ب"] = "b", ["پ"] = "p", ["ف"] = "f", ["ق"] = "q", ["ك"] = "k", ["ڭ"] = "ng", ["گ"] = "g", ["غ"] = "gh", ["ھ"] = "h", ["خ"] = "x", ["چ"] = "ch", ["ج"] = "j", ["ژ"] = "zh", ["ز"] = "z", ["س"] = "s", ["ش"] = "sh", ["ر"] = "r", ["ل"] = "l", ["ئ"] = "'", ["ي"] = "y", ["ۋ"] = "w", -- vowels ["ا"] = "a", ["ە"] = "e", ["ې"] = "ë", ["ى"] = "i", ["و"] = "o", ["ۆ"] = "ö", ["ۇ"] = "u", ["ۈ"] = "ü", -- punctuation ["؟"]="?", ["،"]=",", ["؛"]=";", ["ـ"]="-" } data["Cyrl"] = { ["А"] = "A", ["Б"] = "B", ["В"] = "W", ["Г"] = "G", ["Ғ"] = "Gh", ["Д"] = "D", ["Е"] = "Ë", ["Ә"] = "E", ["Ж"] = "Zh", ["Җ"] = "J", ["З"] = "Z", ["И"] = "I", ["Й"] = "Y", ["К"] = "K", ["Қ"] = "Q", ["Л"] = "L", ["М"] = "M", ["Н"] = "N", ["Ң"] = "Ng", ["О"] = "O", ["Ө"] = "Ö", ["П"] = "P", ["Р"] = "R", ["С"] = "S", ["Т"] = "T", ["У"] = "U", ["Ү"] = "Ü", ["Ф"] = "F", ["Х"] = "X", ["Һ"] = "H", ["Ч"] = "Ch", ["Ш"] = "Sh", ["Ю"] = "Yu", ["Я"] = "Ya", ["Э"] = "É", ["а"] = "a", ["б"] = "b", ["в"] = "w", ["г"] = "g", ["ғ"] = "gh", ["д"] = "d", ["е"] = "ë", ["ә"] = "e", ["ж"] = "zh", ["җ"] = "j", ["з"] = "z", ["и"] = "i", ["й"] = "y", ["к"] = "k", ["қ"] = "q", ["л"] = "l", ["м"] = "m", ["н"] = "n", ["ң"] = "ng", ["о"] = "o", ["ө"] = "ö", ["п"] = "p", ["р"] = "r", ["с"] = "s", ["т"] = "t", ["у"] = "u", ["ү"] = "ü", ["ф"] = "f", ["х"] = "x", ["һ"] = "h", ["ч"] = "ch", ["ш"] = "sh", ["ю"] = "yu", ["я"] = "ya", ["э"] = "é", } function export.tr(text, lang, sc) if not sc then sc = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang):findBestScript(text):getCode() end if sc ~= "Arab" and sc ~= "Cyrl" then return nil end -- remove initial hamza text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "^\216\166(.)", "%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "%s\216\166(.)", " %1") -- add apostrophe in some cases text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([اەوۇۆۈېىаәоуөүеиАӘОУӨҮЕИ])([ڭң])([اەوۇۆۈېىаәоуөүеи])", "%1'%2%3") -- V'ngV text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([نн])([گغгғ])", "%1'%2") -- n'g, n'gh text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([ڭزسңзс])([ھһ])", "%1'%2") -- ng'h, z'h, s'h text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '.', data[sc]) return text end return export tervtjmdrlewstvas97y401u0ghjeux 828 1378237 9889895 8797853 2026-09-07T12:21:21Z TongcyDai 53191 9889895 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("hi") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Deva") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_a = require("Module:accent qualifier") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local find = m_str_utils.find local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local u = m_str_utils.char local correspondences = { ["ṅ"] = "ŋ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["c"] = "t͡ʃ", ["j"] = "d͡ʒ", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["ṭ"] = "ʈ", ["ḍ"] = "ɖ", ["ṇ"] = "ɳ", ["t"] = "t̪", ["d"] = "d̪", ["y"] = "j", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "ʋ", ["ś"] = "ʃ", ["ṣ"] = "ʂ", ["ź"] = "ʒ", ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["h"] = "ɦ", ["ṛ"] = "ɽ", ["ẓ"] = "ʒ", ["ḷ"] = "l", ["ḻ"] = "l", ["ġ"] = "ɣ", ["q"] = "q", ["x"] = "x", ["ṉ"] = "n", ["ṟ"] = "ɾ", ["a"] = "ə", ["ā"] = "ɑː", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["ī"] = "iː", ["o"] = "oː", ["e"] = "eː", ["u"] = "ʊ", ["ū"] = "uː", ["ŏ"] = "ɔ", ["ĕ"] = "æ", ["ẽ"] = "ẽː", ["ũ"] = "ʊ̃", ["õ"] = "õː", ["ã"] = "ə̃", ["ā̃"] = "ɑ̃ː", ["ĩ"] = "ɪ̃", ["ī̃"] = "ĩː", ["ॐ"] = "oːm", ["ḥ"] = "(ɦ)", ["'"] = "(ʔ)", } local perso_arabic = { ["x"] = "kh", ["ġ"] = "g", ["q"] = "k", ["ź"] = "z", ["z"] = "j", ["f"] = "ph", ["'"] = "", } local urdu = { ["ṣ"] = "ʃ", ["ṇ"] = "n", } local deccani = { ["q"] = "x", } local lengthen = { ["a"] = "ā", ["i"] = "ī", ["u"] = "ū", } local vowels = "aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃ː" local vowel = "[aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃]ː?" local weak_h = "([gjdḍbṛnm])h" local aspirate = "([kctṭp])" local syllabify_pattern = "([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)([^" .. vowels .. "%.%-]+)([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)" local function find_consonants(text) local current = "" local cons = {} for cc in gcodepoint(text .. " ") do local ch = u(cc) if find(current .. ch, "^[kgṅcjñṭḍṇtdnpbmyrlvśṣshqxġzžḻṛṟfθṉḥ]$") or find(current .. ch, "^[kgcjṭḍtdpbṛ]h$") then current = current .. ch else table.insert(cons, current) current = ch end end return cons end local function syllabify(text) for count = 1, 2 do text = gsub(text, syllabify_pattern, function(a, b, c) b_set = find_consonants(b) table.insert(b_set, #b_set > 1 and 2 or 1, ".") return a .. table.concat(b_set) .. c end) text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(?=" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.") end for count = 1, 2 do text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.%2") end -- syllabification corrections -- ([^.]) is added in front, just in case one of the (unlikely) clusters -- would occur after a blank space (temporarily reformatted as '..') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([kqgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśzź])', '%1%2%3.%4') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([qgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)ṣ', '%1%2%3.ṣ') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.khṣ', '%1kh.ṣ') -- not kṣ/क्ष text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([xġfnɳmzźyrlv])([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([sśṣ])([gjḍdbġsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3') return text end local identical = "knlsfzθ" for character in gmatch(identical, ".") do correspondences[character] = character end local function transliterate(text) return (lang:transliterate(text)) end function export.link(term) return require("Module:links").full_link{ term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc } end function export.toIPA(text, style) text = gsub(text, '॰', '-') local translit = text if lang:findBestScript(text):isTransliterated() then translit = transliterate(text) end if not translit then error('The term "' .. text .. '" could not be transliterated.') end if style == "nonpersianized" then translit = gsub(translit, "[xġqźzf']", perso_arabic) end if style == "dakhini" then translit = gsub(translit, "[q]", deccani) end -- force final schwa for Hindi translit = gsub(translit, "a~$", "ə") if style == "desanskritize" then translit = gsub(translit, "(...)ə$", "%1ɑ(ː)") translit = gsub(translit, "[ṣṇ]", urdu) end -- vowels translit = gsub(translit, "͠", "̃") translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)i', 'ɛ%1ː') translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)u', 'ɔ%1ː') translit = gsub(translit, "%-$", "") translit = gsub(translit, "^%-", "") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ$", "r") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ(" .. vowel .. ")", "r%1") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ", "ri") translit = gsub(translit, ",", "") translit = gsub(translit, " ", "..") translit = syllabify(translit) translit = gsub(translit, "%.ː", "ː.") translit = gsub(translit, "%.̃", "̃") translit = gsub(translit, aspirate .. "h", '%1ʰ') translit = gsub(translit, weak_h, '%1ʱ') local result = gsub(translit, ".", correspondences) -- remove final schwa (Pandey, 2014) -- actually weaken result = gsub(result, "(...)ə$", "%1ᵊ") result = gsub(result, "(...)ə ", "%1ᵊ ") result = gsub(result, "(...)ə%.?%-", "%1ᵊ-") -- formatting result = gsub(result, "%.?%-", ".") result = gsub(result, "%.%.", " ") result = gsub(result, "ː̃", "̃ː") result = gsub(result, "ː%.̃", "̃ː.") result = gsub(result, "%.$", "") -- ñ result = gsub(result, "d͡ʒɲ", "@@@@") -- protect the jñ sequence result = gsub(result, "ɲ", "n") -- replace all remaining ñ result = gsub(result, "@@@@", "d͡ʒɲ") -- restore -- i and u lengthening result = gsub(result, "ʊ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "u%1ː%2") result = gsub(result, "ɪ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "i%1ː%2") -- deaffricate first affricate in geminates result = gsub(result, "t͡ʃ(%.?)t͡ʃ", "t̪%1t͡ʃ") result = gsub(result, "d͡ʒ(%.?)d͡ʒ", "d̪%1d͡ʒ") -- silent h in 'lh-', 'vh-' (Ohala 1983, p.45) result = gsub(result, "^([lʋ])ɦ", "%1") result = gsub(result, "([ .])([lʋ])ɦ", "%1%2") result = gsub(result, "ɛː(%.?)j", function(a) local res = "ə̯i" res = res .. a .. "j" return res end) result = gsub(result, "ɔː(%.?)ʋ", function(a) local res = "ə̯u" res = res .. a .. "ʋ" return res end) return result end function export.narrow_IPA(ipa) -- what /ɑ/ and /ə/ really are ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɑ', 'ä') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ə', 'ɐ') -- uvular /x/, /ɣ/ ?? -- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'x', 'χ') -- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɣ', 'ʁ') -- jña rule ipa = gsub(ipa, 'd͡ʒɲ', 'ɡj') -- retroflex s rules ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ(%.?)([^ʈɖ.])', 'ʃ%1%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ$', 'ʃ') -- nasal allophones ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ŋ(%.?)([qχʁ])', 'ɴ%1%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n%.j', 'ɲ.j') ipa = gsub(ipa, '[nɳ](%.?)ʃ', 'ɲ%1ʃ') -- this nasal is likely more front than before /j/, but not doing a too narrow transcription seems preferable ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n(%.?)([td])̪', 'n̪%1%2̪') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'm(%.?)f', 'ɱ%1f') -- nasals induce nasalization ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(ː?)([nɳɲŋɴmɱ])', '%1̃%2%3') -- cc, jj ipa = gsub(ipa, 't̪(%.?)t͡ʃ', 't̚%1t͡ʃ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'd̪(%.?)d͡ʒ', 'd̚%1d͡ʒ') -- syllable boundary consonants ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡ])%.([kɡ])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ʈɖ])%.([ʈɖ])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([td]̪?)%.([tdn])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([pb])%.([pb])', '%1̚.%2') -- aspiration rules ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ([%. ])', 'ɛɦ%1') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ$', 'ɛɦ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦɐ', 'ɛ.ɦɛ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%(ɦ%)', 'ɛ(ɦ)') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊɦ%.', 'ɔɦ.') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊ%.ɦɐ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦʊ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(̃?)(ː?)ɦ', '%1%2%3ʱ') -- v/w ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡŋtdɲʈɖɳnpbm]̪?%.?)ʋ', '%1w') -- geminate /ɾ/ is trill ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾ%.ɾ", "r.r") -- for onomatopeic words ending on -र्र ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾɾ", "rː") -- final geminates often pronounced as singletons ipa = gsub(ipa, "([kɡʈɖɳtdnpbml]̪?)%1", "%1(ː)") -- final cc, jj ipa = gsub(ipa, "t̚t͡ʃ", "(t̚)t͡ʃ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "d̚d͡ʒ", "(d̚)d͡ʒ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɪ%.j", "i.j") ipa = gsub(ipa, " ", "‿") return ipa end function export.make(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else p = { pagetitle } end for _, Hindi in ipairs(p) do local persianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "persianized") local nonpersianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "nonpersianized") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. persianized .. "/" }) local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(persianized) if narrow ~= persianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end if persianized ~= nonpersianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. nonpersianized .. "/" }) local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(nonpersianized) if narrow ~= nonpersianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end end end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"Standard Hindi"}) .. " " .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end function export.make_ur(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Aran") local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else error("No transliterations given.") end for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do Urdu = lang:transliterate(Urdu) or Urdu local desanskritize = export.toIPA(Urdu, "desanskritize") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. desanskritize .. "/" }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"ur"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end function export.make_deccani(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Aran") local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else error("No transliterations given.") end for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do local dakhini = export.toIPA(Urdu, "dakhini") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. dakhini .. "/" }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"Deccani"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end return export miu86o88edw9h56vl7eq9x8nt691ajr 9889896 9889895 2026-09-07T12:21:57Z TongcyDai 53191 9889896 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("hi") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Deva") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_a = require("Module:accent qualifier") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local find = m_str_utils.find local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local u = m_str_utils.char local correspondences = { ["ṅ"] = "ŋ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["c"] = "t͡ʃ", ["j"] = "d͡ʒ", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["ṭ"] = "ʈ", ["ḍ"] = "ɖ", ["ṇ"] = "ɳ", ["t"] = "t̪", ["d"] = "d̪", ["y"] = "j", ["r"] = "ɾ", ["v"] = "ʋ", ["ś"] = "ʃ", ["ṣ"] = "ʂ", ["ź"] = "ʒ", ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["h"] = "ɦ", ["ṛ"] = "ɽ", ["ẓ"] = "ʒ", ["ḷ"] = "l", ["ḻ"] = "l", ["ġ"] = "ɣ", ["q"] = "q", ["x"] = "x", ["ṉ"] = "n", ["ṟ"] = "ɾ", ["a"] = "ə", ["ā"] = "ɑː", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["ī"] = "iː", ["o"] = "oː", ["e"] = "eː", ["u"] = "ʊ", ["ū"] = "uː", ["ŏ"] = "ɔ", ["ĕ"] = "æ", ["ẽ"] = "ẽː", ["ũ"] = "ʊ̃", ["õ"] = "õː", ["ã"] = "ə̃", ["ā̃"] = "ɑ̃ː", ["ĩ"] = "ɪ̃", ["ī̃"] = "ĩː", ["ॐ"] = "oːm", ["ḥ"] = "(ɦ)", ["'"] = "(ʔ)", } local perso_arabic = { ["x"] = "kh", ["ġ"] = "g", ["q"] = "k", ["ź"] = "z", ["z"] = "j", ["f"] = "ph", ["'"] = "", } local urdu = { ["ṣ"] = "ʃ", ["ṇ"] = "n", } local deccani = { ["q"] = "x", } local lengthen = { ["a"] = "ā", ["i"] = "ī", ["u"] = "ū", } local vowels = "aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃ː" local vowel = "[aāiīuūoǒŏěĕʊɪɔɔ̃ɛeæãā̃ẽĩī̃õũū̃]ː?" local weak_h = "([gjdḍbṛnm])h" local aspirate = "([kctṭp])" local syllabify_pattern = "([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)([^" .. vowels .. "%.%-]+)([" .. vowels .. "]̃?)" local function find_consonants(text) local current = "" local cons = {} for cc in gcodepoint(text .. " ") do local ch = u(cc) if find(current .. ch, "^[kgṅcjñṭḍṇtdnpbmyrlvśṣshqxġzžḻṛṟfθṉḥ]$") or find(current .. ch, "^[kgcjṭḍtdpbṛ]h$") then current = current .. ch else table.insert(cons, current) current = ch end end return cons end local function syllabify(text) for count = 1, 2 do text = gsub(text, syllabify_pattern, function(a, b, c) b_set = find_consonants(b) table.insert(b_set, #b_set > 1 and 2 or 1, ".") return a .. table.concat(b_set) .. c end) text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(?=" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.") end for count = 1, 2 do text = gsub(text, "(" .. vowel .. ")(" .. vowel .. ")", "%1.%2") end -- syllabification corrections -- ([^.]) is added in front, just in case one of the (unlikely) clusters -- would occur after a blank space (temporarily reformatted as '..') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([kqgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśzź])', '%1%2%3.%4') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([qgcjṭḍtdpb])(h?)ṣ', '%1%2%3.ṣ') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.khṣ', '%1kh.ṣ') -- not kṣ/क्ष text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([xġfnɳmzźyrlv])([kqgcjṭḍtdpbxġfnɳmsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3') text = gsub(text, '([^.])%.([sśṣ])([gjḍdbġsśṣzźh])', '%1%2.%3') return text end local identical = "knlsfzθ" for character in gmatch(identical, ".") do correspondences[character] = character end local function transliterate(text) return (lang:transliterate(text)) end function export.link(term) return require("Module:links").full_link{ term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc } end function export.toIPA(text, style) text = gsub(text, '॰', '-') local translit = text if lang:findBestScript(text):isTransliterated() then translit = transliterate(text) end if not translit then error('The term "' .. text .. '" could not be transliterated.') end if style == "nonpersianized" then translit = gsub(translit, "[xġqźzf']", perso_arabic) end if style == "dakhini" then translit = gsub(translit, "[q]", deccani) end -- force final schwa for Hindi translit = gsub(translit, "a~$", "ə") if style == "desanskritize" then translit = gsub(translit, "(...)ə$", "%1ɑ(ː)") translit = gsub(translit, "[ṣṇ]", urdu) end -- vowels translit = gsub(translit, "͠", "̃") translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)i', 'ɛ%1ː') translit = gsub(translit, 'a(̃?)u', 'ɔ%1ː') translit = gsub(translit, "%-$", "") translit = gsub(translit, "^%-", "") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ$", "r") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ(" .. vowel .. ")", "r%1") translit = gsub(translit, "ŕ", "ri") translit = gsub(translit, ",", "") translit = gsub(translit, " ", "..") translit = syllabify(translit) translit = gsub(translit, "%.ː", "ː.") translit = gsub(translit, "%.̃", "̃") translit = gsub(translit, aspirate .. "h", '%1ʰ') translit = gsub(translit, weak_h, '%1ʱ') local result = gsub(translit, ".", correspondences) -- remove final schwa (Pandey, 2014) -- actually weaken result = gsub(result, "(...)ə$", "%1ᵊ") result = gsub(result, "(...)ə ", "%1ᵊ ") result = gsub(result, "(...)ə%.?%-", "%1ᵊ-") -- formatting result = gsub(result, "%.?%-", ".") result = gsub(result, "%.%.", " ") result = gsub(result, "ː̃", "̃ː") result = gsub(result, "ː%.̃", "̃ː.") result = gsub(result, "%.$", "") -- ñ result = gsub(result, "d͡ʒɲ", "@@@@") -- protect the jñ sequence result = gsub(result, "ɲ", "n") -- replace all remaining ñ result = gsub(result, "@@@@", "d͡ʒɲ") -- restore -- i and u lengthening result = gsub(result, "ʊ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "u%1ː%2") result = gsub(result, "ɪ(̃?)(ɦ?)$", "i%1ː%2") -- deaffricate first affricate in geminates result = gsub(result, "t͡ʃ(%.?)t͡ʃ", "t̪%1t͡ʃ") result = gsub(result, "d͡ʒ(%.?)d͡ʒ", "d̪%1d͡ʒ") -- silent h in 'lh-', 'vh-' (Ohala 1983, p.45) result = gsub(result, "^([lʋ])ɦ", "%1") result = gsub(result, "([ .])([lʋ])ɦ", "%1%2") result = gsub(result, "ɛː(%.?)j", function(a) local res = "ə̯i" res = res .. a .. "j" return res end) result = gsub(result, "ɔː(%.?)ʋ", function(a) local res = "ə̯u" res = res .. a .. "ʋ" return res end) return result end function export.narrow_IPA(ipa) -- what /ɑ/ and /ə/ really are ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɑ', 'ä') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ə', 'ɐ') -- uvular /x/, /ɣ/ ?? -- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'x', 'χ') -- ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɣ', 'ʁ') -- jña rule ipa = gsub(ipa, 'd͡ʒɲ', 'ɡj') -- retroflex s rules ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ(%.?)([^ʈɖ.])', 'ʃ%1%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʂ$', 'ʃ') -- nasal allophones ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ŋ(%.?)([qχʁ])', 'ɴ%1%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n%.j', 'ɲ.j') ipa = gsub(ipa, '[nɳ](%.?)ʃ', 'ɲ%1ʃ') -- this nasal is likely more front than before /j/, but not doing a too narrow transcription seems preferable ipa = gsub(ipa, 'n(%.?)([td])̪', 'n̪%1%2̪') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'm(%.?)f', 'ɱ%1f') -- nasals induce nasalization ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(ː?)([nɳɲŋɴmɱ])', '%1̃%2%3') -- cc, jj ipa = gsub(ipa, 't̪(%.?)t͡ʃ', 't̚%1t͡ʃ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'd̪(%.?)d͡ʒ', 'd̚%1d͡ʒ') -- syllable boundary consonants ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡ])%.([kɡ])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ʈɖ])%.([ʈɖ])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([td]̪?)%.([tdn])', '%1̚.%2') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([pb])%.([pb])', '%1̚.%2') -- aspiration rules ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ([%. ])', 'ɛɦ%1') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐɦ$', 'ɛɦ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦɐ', 'ɛ.ɦɛ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%(ɦ%)', 'ɛ(ɦ)') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊɦ%.', 'ɔɦ.') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ʊ%.ɦɐ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ') ipa = gsub(ipa, 'ɐ%.ɦʊ', 'ɔ.ɦɔ') ipa = gsub(ipa, '([ɐäɪiʊueɛoɔæ])(̃?)(ː?)ɦ', '%1%2%3ʱ') -- v/w ipa = gsub(ipa, '([kɡŋtdɲʈɖɳnpbm]̪?%.?)ʋ', '%1w') -- geminate /ɾ/ is trill ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾ%.ɾ", "r.r") -- for onomatopeic words ending on -र्र ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɾɾ", "rː") -- final geminates often pronounced as singletons ipa = gsub(ipa, "([kɡʈɖɳtdnpbml]̪?)%1", "%1(ː)") -- final cc, jj ipa = gsub(ipa, "t̚t͡ʃ", "(t̚)t͡ʃ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "d̚d͡ʒ", "(d̚)d͡ʒ") ipa = gsub(ipa, "ɪ%.j", "i.j") ipa = gsub(ipa, " ", "‿") return ipa end function export.make(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else p = { pagetitle } end for _, Hindi in ipairs(p) do local persianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "persianized") local nonpersianized = export.toIPA(Hindi, "nonpersianized") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. persianized .. "/" }) local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(persianized) if narrow ~= persianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end if persianized ~= nonpersianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. nonpersianized .. "/" }) local narrow = export.narrow_IPA(nonpersianized) if narrow ~= nonpersianized then table.insert(results, { pron = "[" .. narrow .. "]" }) end end end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"標準印地語"}) .. " " .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end function export.make_ur(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Aran") local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else error("No transliterations given.") end for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do Urdu = lang:transliterate(Urdu) or Urdu local desanskritize = export.toIPA(Urdu, "desanskritize") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. desanskritize .. "/" }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"ur"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end function export.make_deccani(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local pagetitle = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ur") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Aran") local p, results = {}, {}, {} if args[1] then for index, item in ipairs(args) do table.insert(p, (item ~= "") and item or nil) end else error("No transliterations given.") end for _, Urdu in ipairs(p) do local dakhini = export.toIPA(Urdu, "dakhini") table.insert(results, { pron = "/" .. dakhini .. "/" }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, {"Deccani"}) .. ' ' .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = results } end return export r5nklqf69xj199p48kirnou7hqx0r83 0 1384366 9889982 7587229 2026-09-07T20:48:11Z Jiba1219 110530 9889982 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ご|y=goon}} ===詞源=== {{suffix|ja|アイルランド|語|t1=愛爾蘭|sort=あいるらんどご}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|アイルランドご}} # [[愛爾蘭語]] [[Category:日語 語言|あいるらんどご]] qb3niqirmzs1ob61w1l38pkgzdcltai 0 1385370 9889971 8798957 2026-09-07T17:40:45Z TongcyDai 53191 9889971 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{calque|pl|ko|조선민주주의인민공화국}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|[&R,-: ]|a=Pl-Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna.wav}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|pl|朝鮮民主主義人民共和國|id=Q423}} #: {{syn|pl|Korea Północna}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-phrase|adj-f|f|adj-f|tantum=s}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} tbt838isc45i0lvx7rjc3zm8jzb0x7j 0 1393199 9890427 8352407 2026-09-08T08:26:42Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|veri|véri}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{dercat|ca|itc-pro|ine-pro}} {{inh+|ca|la-eme|venīnum}}，源自{{inh|ca|la-cla|venēnum}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|m}} # [[毒]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|ca|metzina|g=f}} dweobd55xx8uvq3rgzmle8wrnmnapik 10 1394834 9889926 8339563 2026-09-07T16:41:31Z TongcyDai 53191 9889926 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:quote|quote_t|type=journal}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{quote-journal|en|author=Justin Chang|authorlink=Justin Chang|title=The Day He Arrives [film review]|url=https://variety.com/2011/film/markets-festivals/the-day-he-arrives-1117945326/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628015008/https://variety.com/2011/film/markets-festivals/the-day-he-arrives-1117945326/|archivedate=28 June 2017|magazine=[[w:en:Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=25 May 2011|issn=0042-2738|oclc=960911146|passage=The outline could apply to most of the self-effacing, increasingly inward-looking comedies written and directed by [[w:en:Hong Sang-soo|Hong Sang-soo]], and it certainly describes "[[w:en:The Day He Arrives|The Day He Arrives]]," an agreeably meandering exercise that brings some clever French New Wave '''fillips''' and structural repetitions to Hong's characteristically boozy party.}}<!-- -->{{documentation}}</noinclude> misbqzom6w48vhjr4n36cd0jw1v5akk 10 1406902 9889925 7473586 2026-09-07T16:40:22Z TongcyDai 53191 9889925 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:quote|cite_t|type=journal}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{cite-journal|en|author=Justin Chang|authorlink=Justin Chang|title=The Day He Arrives [film review]|url=https://variety.com/2011/film/markets-festivals/the-day-he-arrives-1117945326/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628015008/https://variety.com/2011/film/markets-festivals/the-day-he-arrives-1117945326/|archivedate=28 June 2017|magazine=[[w:Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=25 May 2011|issn=0042-2738|oclc=960911146|passage=The outline could apply to most of the self-effacing, increasingly inward-looking comedies written and directed by [[w:Hong Sang-soo|Hong Sang-soo]], and it certainly describes "[[w:The Day He Arrives|The Day He Arrives]]," an agreeably meandering exercise that brings some clever French New Wave '''fillips''' and structural repetitions to Hong's characteristically boozy party.}}<!-- -->{{documentation}}</noinclude> f9bhxh83etlrhra1ocqo342eivrwzc0 0 1410807 9890397 8103491 2026-09-08T08:23:29Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890397 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法语== ===词源=== 源自{{der|fr|oc-pro|-}} {{m|oc|entamenar}}，源自{{der|fr|la|intaminare}}，源自{{der|fr|la|in-}} + {{m|la|tangere}} + {{m|la|-are}}。 ===发音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-entamer.ogg|音频}} ===动词=== {{fr-verb}} # [[切入]]，[[切]]进 #: {{uxi|fr|'''entamer''' la peau|'''割到'''皮肤里}} # [[切下]] {{gl|一小片东西}} #: {{uxi|fr|'''entamer''' un pain, un melon, un pâté|'''切下'''一片面包，一片瓜，一片馅饼}} # {{lb|fr|card games}} [[先手]] # {{lb|fr|figurative}} [[消耗]] {{gl|积蓄等}}；[[损伤]]，[[损毁]] {{gl|信誉等}} #* '''2024''' (13 February), Nicolas Revise, "[https://www.lapresse.ca/international/etats-unis/2024-02-13/victoire-democrate-a-une-legislative-a-new-york-pour-remplacer-george-santos.php Victoire démocrate à une législative à New York pour remplacer George Santos]", ''La Presse'': #*: {{quote|fr|Avec cette victoire du démocrate centriste Tom Suozzi contre la républicaine Mazi Pilip, [...] les démocrates '''entament''' encore un peu plus la très mince majorité du Parti républicain de Donald Trump à la Chambre [...]|}} # {{lb|fr|figurative}} [[开始]]，[[着手]]于 #: {{syn|fr|commencer}} #* {{quote-book|fr|year=1954|author=w:en:Françoise Sagan|title=Bonjour Tristesse|passage=Comme elle ne me prêtait pas attention, je m'installai tranquillement sur une marche avec une tasse de café et une orange et '''entamai''' les délices du matin : je mordais une orange, un jus sucré giclait dans ma bouche ; une gorgée de café noir brûlant, aussitôt, et à nouveau la fraîcheur du fruit.|t=As she was paying no attention to me, I installed myself tranquilly on a step with a cup of coffee and an orange and began my morning ritual: I bit into an orange, a sugary juice spurting into my mouth; a swallow of burning hot black coffee, immediately after, and then again the freshness of the fruit.}} #* {{R:xaa:ELA|II|page=172 footnote 232|instead=1|lang=fr|passage=Malgré l’absence de traces du mot grec dans les dictionnaires du copte, on peut suspecter […] que les Arabes aient trouvé ces notions et les mots correspondants pendant leur longue occupation de l’Égypte avant d’'''entamer''' la conquête de l’Ouest.|t=Notwithstanding the absence of any trace of the Greek word in the Coptic dictionaries one can assume that the Arabs have found these notions and corresponding words during their long occupation of Egypt before '''going over''' to the conquest of the West.}} ====变位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ====相关词汇==== * {{l|fr|rentamer}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} ===异序词=== * {{l|fr|rentame}}、{{l|fr|rentamé}} igd1azecd1aix2gz82a1uwoslpbhyny 828 1426193 9889898 7602965 2026-09-07T12:23:18Z TongcyDai 53191 9889898 sanitized-css text/css /** Note: this file is not currently used; see [[MediaWiki talk:Gadget-LanguagesAndScripts.css]]. **/ /* Default style for headwords. */ strong.headword { } /* Default style for mentions outside of "form of" definitions. See [[Wiktionary:Votes/2007-10/style for mentioned terms]] */ .mention { font-style: italic; } /* "Empty" script, used for languages with no script set. This is the same as Latn in practice, but allows tagging and formatting of such cases. */ .None, .Imag, .Morse, .Semap, .Zyyy { } /* Latin This is the default script, so it has no definitions. */ .Latn { } /* This is needed to overcome the "smartness" of certain web browsers */ .Latn[lang=ja], .Latn[lang=ko], .Latn[lang=zh] { font-family: inherit; } /* Latin Fraktur */ .Latf { font-family: UnifrakturMaguntia, UnifrakturCook, Unifraktur, 'Code2001', Tahoma, 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } /* Navajo */ .nv-Latn { font-family: Calibri, 'Aboriginal Sans', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif !important; } /* Pitjantjatjara (ḻ ṉ ṟ ṯ and capitals) */ .pjt-Latn { font-family: 'Microsoft Sans Serif', Tahoma, 'Code2000', sans-serif; } /* Latin extended */ /* no styles for .unicode, .Unicode */ /* Aghwan */ .Aghb { font-family: OptimaModoki, 'Noto Sans Caucasian Albanian', sans-serif; } .Aghb, .Aghb * { font-style: normal; } /* Arabic */ .Arab, .fa-Arab, .glk-Arab, .kk-Arab, .ks-Arab, .ku-Arab, .mzn-Arab, .ota-Arab, .pa-Arab, .ps-Arab, .sd-Arab, .tt-Arab, .ug-Arab, .ur-Arab, .ms-Arab { font-family: 'Iranian Sans', 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; font-size: 133%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } /* no italics, no bold */ .Arab, .Arab *, .fa-Arab, .fa-Arab *, .glk-Arab, .glk-Arab *, .kk-Arab, .kk-Arab *, .ks-Arab, .ks-Arab *, .ku-Arab, .ku-Arab *, .mzn-Arab, .mzn-Arab *, .ota-Arab, .ota-Arab *, .pa-Arab, .pa-Arab *, .ps-Arab, .ps-Arab *, .sd-Arab, .sd-Arab *, .tt-Arab, .tt-Arab *, .ug-Arab, .ug-Arab *, .ur-Arab, .ur-Arab *, .ms-Arab, .ms-Arab * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } /* Persian, Kashmiri, Ottoman Turkish */ .fa-Arab, .ks-Arab, .ota-Arab { font-family: 'Iranian Sans', 'Geeza Pro', Tahoma, sans-serif; } /* Kurdish, Punjabi Shahmukhi, Urdu */ .ku-Arab, .pa-Arab, .ur-Arab { font-family: Tahoma, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'UT Cairo', 'UT Naskh', sans-serif; } /* Pashto */ .ps-Arab { font-family: Pokhto, 'Pashto Kror Asiatype', 'Iranian Sans', sans-serif; } /* Sindhi */ .sd-Arab { font-family: 'MB Sindhi', Tahoma, 'MBSarang Sattar', 'MB Bhitai Sattar', 'MB Lateefi', 'Ayaz Gul', 'Iranian Sans', sans-serif; } /* Uyghur */ .ug-Arab { font-family: 'UKIJ Tuz', 'Microsoft Uighur', Scheherazade, 'Iranian Sans', 'Code2000', sans-serif; } /* Imperial Aramaic */ .Armi { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Aramaic Imperial Yeb', 'Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic', sans-serif; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Armi, .Armi * { font-style: normal; } /* Armenian */ .Armn { font-family: Mshtakan, Arial, 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, 'Arian AMU', 'DejaVu Sans', sans-serif; } /* no italics */ .Armn, .Armn * { font-style: normal; } /* Avestan */ .Avst { font-family: Avestan, Ahuramzda, 'Noto Sans Avestan', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: none; /* Avestan language */ } /* no italics */ .Avst, .Avst * { font-style: normal; } .Avst:lang(pal) { /* Pazend (Middle Persian in Avestan script) */ font-variant-ligatures: normal; } /* Balinese */ .Bali { font-family: 'Noto Sans Balinese', sans-serif; } .Bali, .Bali * { font-style: normal; } /* Bamum */ .Bamu { font-family: 'Noto Sans Bamum', sans-serif; } .Bamu, .Bamu * { font-style: normal; } /* Batak */ .Batk { font-family: Batak-Unicode, sans-serif; } .Batk, .Batk * { font-style: normal; } /* Bengali */ .Beng { font-family: 'Bangla Sangam MN', UniBangla, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Code2000', Likhan, 'UT Bengali Dhaka', Vrinda, sans-serif; font-size: 130%; } .Beng, .Beng * { font-style: normal; } .as-Beng { font-family: 'Bangla Sangam MN', UniBangla, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Code2000', Likhan, 'UT Bengali Dhaka', Vrinda, sans-serif; font-size: 130%; } .as-Beng, .as-Beng * { font-style: normal; } /* Zhuyin (Bopomofo) */ .Bopo { font-family: MOESongUN, DFKai-SB, 'Microsoft Yahei', 'Microsoft Jhenghei', 'Source Han Sans TC', 'Source Han Sans TW', 'Noto Sans CJK TC', sans-serif; } .Bopo, .Bopo * { font-style: normal; } /* Brahmi */ .Brah { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Noto Sans Brahmi'; } .Brah, .Brah * { font-style: normal; } /* Braille */ .Brai { font-size: 150%; } .Brai, .Brai * { font-style: normal; } /* Buginese */ .Bugi { font-family: Saweri, sans-serif; } .Bugi, .Bugi * { font-style: normal; } /* Buhid */ .Buhd, .Buhd * { font-style: normal; } /* Chakma */ .Cakm { font-family: RibengUni, sans-serif; } .Cakm, .Cakm * { font-style: normal; } /* Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics */ .Cans { font-family: 'Euphemia UCAS', Euphemia, 'Aboriginal Sans', OskiBlackfoot, 'Code2000', 'Everson Mono Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 110%; } .Cans, .Cans * { font-style: normal; } /* Carian, Italic, Linear B, Lycian, Lydian */ .Cari, .Ital, .Linb, .Lyci, .Lydi { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Aegean, 'Noto Sans Carian', 'Noto Sans Old Italic', 'Noto Sans Linear B', 'Noto Sans Lycian', 'Noto Sans Lydian', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Cari, .Cari *, .Ital, .Ital *, .Linb, .Linb *, .Lyci, .Lyci *, .Lydi, .Lydi * { font-style: normal; } /* Cham */ .Cham { font-family: 'Code2000', 'JG ChamCambodia', sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; } .Cham, .Cham * { font-style: normal; } /* Cherokee */ .Cher { font-family: Digohweli, 'Aboriginal Sans', 'Code2000', Marin, 'Rotinonhsonni Sans', 'Everson Mono Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 110%; } .Cher, .Cher * { font-style: normal; } /* Coptic */ .Copt { font-family: Quivira, 'New Athena Unicode', 'Code2000', sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; } .Copt, .Copt * { font-style: normal; } /* Cypriot */ .Cprt { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Aegean, sans-serif; font-size: 1.15em; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Cprt, .Cprt * { font-style: normal; } /* Cyrillic */ .Cyrl, .Cyrs { font-family: Helvetica, Geneva, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Code2000', sans-serif; } .Cyrl, .Cyrl * { font-style: normal; } /* Old Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic) */ .Cyrs { font-family: BukyVede, 'Kliment Std', 'RomanCyrillic Std', Menaion, 'Menaion Medieval', Lazov, Dilyana, 'Hirmos Ponomar', 'Hirmos Ponomar TT', 'Fedorovsk Unicode', 'Fedorovsk Unicode TT', 'Code2000', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Lucida Grande', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Cyrs, .Cyrs * { font-style: normal; } /* Devanagari */ .Deva { font-family: 'Adobe Devanagari', 'Noto Serif Devanagari', Utsaah, 'Devanagari MT', Raghu, Gargi, JanaSanskrit, JanaHindi, Siddhanta, sans-serif; font-size: 120%; } i.Deva { font-style: normal; } /* Dhives Akuru */ .Diak { font-size: 110%; } .Diak, .Diak * { font-style: normal; } /* Deseret */ .Dsrt { font-family: 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Code2001', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Everson Mono', sans-serif; } .Dsrt, .Dsrt * { font-style: normal; } /* Demotic (Egyptian) */ .Egyd, .Egyd * { font-style: normal; } /* Egyptian hieroglyphs */ .Egyp { font-family: 'Noto Sans Egyptian Hieroglyphs', Abydos, Aegyptus, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; font-size: 150%; } .Egyp, .Egyp * { font-style: normal; } /* Ethiopic (Ge'ez) */ .Ethi { font-family: 'Abyssinica SIL', Nyala, 'Code2000', 'Ethiopia Jiret', 'GF Zemen Unicode', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Visual Geez Unicode', 'Visual Geez Unicode Agazian', 'Visual Geez Unicode Title', sans-serif; font-size: 120%; } .Ethi, .Ethi * { font-style: normal; } /* Georgian */ .Geor { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Arial Unicode MS', Sylfaen, sans-serif; } .Geor, .Geor * { font-style: normal; } /* Glagolitic */ .Glag { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', BukyVede, Dilyana, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; } .Glag, .Glag * { font-style: normal; } /* Gothic */ .Goth { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Code2001', Skeirs, 'MPH 2B Damase', sans-serif; } .Goth, .Goth * { font-style: normal; } b.Goth, strong.Goth { font-size: larger; } /* Greek */ .Grek, .Polyt, .polytonic { font-family: Athena, Gentium, 'Gentium Plus', 'Palatino Linotype', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Code2000', sans-serif; } .Grek, .Grek *, .Polyt, .Polyt *, .polytonic, .polytonic * { font-style: normal; } /* Polytonic Greek */ .Polyt, .polytonic { font-family: 'New Athena Unicode', 'DejaVu Sans', Athena, Gentium, 'Gentium Plus', 'Palatino Linotype', Times, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Code2000', sans-serif; } /* Gujarati */ .Gujr { font-family: 'Gujarati Sangam MN', 'Gujarati MT', Shruti, 'Lucida Grande', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Visual Geez Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Gujr, .Gujr * { font-style: normal; } /* Gurmukhi */ .Guru { font-family: 'Gurmukhi MN', 'Gurmukhi MT', 'UT Punjabi Amritsar', 'Lucida Grande', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Visual Geez Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Guru, .Guru * { font-style: normal; } /* Chinese (Han) */ /* Hani: generic */ /* Hans: simplified */ /* Hant: traditional */ .Hani, .Hans { font-family: 'PingFang SC', DengXian, 'Source Han Sans SC', 'Source Han Sans CN', 'Noto Sans CJK SC', 'Microsoft Yahei', SimHei, SimSun, NSimSun, SimSun-ExtB, Song, 'Heiti SC', HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif; } .Hant { font-family: 'PingFang TC', 'Source Han Sans TC', 'Source Han Sans TW', 'Noto Sans CJK TC', 'Microsoft Jhenghei', PMingLiU, PMingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, Ming, 'Heiti TC', HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif; } .Hani, .Hans, .Hant { font-size: 1.2em; } .Hani, .Hani * :not(:lang(vi)), .Hans, .Hans *, .Hant, .Hant * { font-style: normal; } big.Hani, strong.Hani, b.Hani, b .Hani, big.Hans, strong.Hans, b.Hans, b .Hans, big.Hant, strong.Hant, b.Hant, b .Hant { font-size: 137%; } .Hani b, .Hans b, .Hant b { font-size: 125%; } :lang(ko).Hani { font-family: 'Noto Sans CJK KR', 'Spoqa Han Sans', Gulim, Dotum, 'Malgun Gothic', 'Apple SD Gothic Neo', 'Source Han Sans KR', 'MS PGothic', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif; } :lang(vi).Hani { font-family: 'Nom Na Tong', 'HAN NOM A', 'HAN NOM B', Sun-ExtA, Sun-ExtB, Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H, Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB, HanaMinA, HanaMinB, HanaMin, 'PingFang TC', MingLiU, MingLiU-ExtB, 'MingLiU_HKSCS', 'MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB', SimSun, SimSun-ExtB, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', sans-serif; font-weight: 800; /* CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C and Extension D (U+2A700..U+2B734, U+2B740..U+2B81F) font-family: Sun-ExtB, 'MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB', Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB, HanaMinB, sans-serif; **/ } /* Hanunoo */ .Hano { font-family: Quivira, 'MPH 2B Damase', sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; } .Hano, .Hano * { font-style: normal; } /* Hebrew */ .Hebr { font-family: 'SBL Hebrew', 'Adobe Hebrew', Narkisim, Miriam, Kinryu, 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Condensed', 'DejaVu Sans Light', 'Arial Hebrew', Arial, serif; font-size: 115%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Hebr, .Hebr * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } big.Hebr, strong.Hebr, b.Hebr, b .Hebr { font-size: 144%; } .Hebr b { font-size: 125%; } /* Hiragana: see .Jpan */ /* Javanese */ .Java { font-family: 'Tuladha Jejeg', 'Javanese Text', adjisaka, 'Noto Sans Javanese', sans-serif; } .Java, .Java * { font-style: normal; } /* Japanese scripts .Hira = Hiragana .Kana = Katakana (used for Ainu language) .Jpan = Hiragana + Katakana + Kanji */ .Hira, .Jpan, .Kana { font-family: 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', Osaka, 'Yu Gothic', Meiryo, 'Source Han Sans J', 'Source Han Sans JP', 'Noto Sans CJK JP', 'Droid Sans Japanese', 'MS PGothic', 'MS Gothic', 'MS PMincho', 'MS Mincho', HanaMinA, HanaMinB, sans-serif; font-size: 110%; } .Hira, .Hira *, .Jpan, .Jpan *, .Kana, .Kana * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } big.Hira, big.Jpan, big.Kana, strong.Hira, strong.Jpan, strong.Kana, b.Hira, b.Jpan, b.Kana, b .Hira, b .Jpan, b .Kana { font-size: 137%; /* Fonts are really big in Japan */ } .Hira b, .Jpan b, .Kana b { font-size: 125%; } /* Kayah Li, Ol Chiki, Rejang */ .Kali, .Olck { font-family: 'Code2000', sans-serif; } .Kali, .Kali *, .Olck, .Olck *, .Rjng, .Rjng * { font-style: normal; } /* Katakana (Ainu language): see .Jpan */ /* Kharoshthi */ .Khar { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'MPH 2B Damase', sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Khar, .Khar * { font-style: normal; } /* Khmer */ .Khmr { font-family: 'Khmer OS', 'Khmer OS Content', 'Leelawadee UI', 'Noto Sans Khmer', 'Code2000', 'Khmer Mondulkiri U OT ls', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Khmr, .Khmr * { font-style: normal; } /* Kannada */ .Knda { font-family: 'Kannada Sangam MN', JanaKannada, Tunga, Kedage, RaghuKannada, Sampige, 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Code2000', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Knda, .Knda * { font-style: normal; } /* Korean */ .Kore, .Hang { font-family: 'Apple SD Gothic Neo', 'Malgun Gothic', Dotum, Gulim, 'NanumBarunGothic YetHangul', NanumBarunGothic, UnDotum, 'Source Han Sans K', 'Source Han Sans KR', 'Noto Sans CJK KR', NanumGothic, 'NanumMyeongjo YetHangul', NanumMyeongjo, Batang, UnBatang, sans-serif; font-size: 120%; } .Kore, .Kore *, .Hang, .Hang * { font-style: normal; } /* Old Korean */ .CGK { font-family: '은 자모 바탕', UnJamoBatang, '은 바탕', UnBatang, 'Code2002', 'Code2001', 'Code2000', serif; } /* Kaithi */ .Kthi { font-family: 'Noto Sans Kaithi', sans-serif; } .Kthi, .Kthi * { font-style: normal; } /* Lanna */ .Lana { font-family: 'Talom', 'SYYDAI01', 'Lamphun', 'A Tai Tham KH New V3', 'A Tai Tham KH New', 'A Tai Tham KH', 'Tai Tham LN', 'Lanna Alif', sans-serif; } .Lana, .Lana * { font-style: normal; } /* Lao */ .Laoo { font-family: 'Phetsarath OT', 'Saysettha OT', 'JG Basic Lao Opentype', 'JG Basic2 Lao Opentype', 'JG LaoTimes Opentype', 'Phagnoum Lao Unicode Opentype', 'JG Lao Old Arial Opentype', DokChampa, 'Code2000', 'JG Lao Classic Opentype', 'Alice0 Unicode', 'Alice1 Unicode', 'Alice2 Unicode', 'Alice3 Unicode', 'Alice4 Unicode', 'Alice5 Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Laoo, .Laoo * { font-style: normal; } /* Lepcha */ .Lepc { font-family: 'Noto Sans Lepcha', Mingzat, sans-serif; } .Lepc, .Lepc * { font-style: normal; } /* Limbu */ .Limb { font-family: 'Code2000', 'MPH 2B Damase', sans-serif; } .Limb, .Limb * { font-style: normal; } /* Lisu */ .Lisu { font-family: 'Noto Sans Lisu', sans-serif; } .Lisu, .Lisu * { font-style: normal; } /* Mandaic */ .Mand { font-family: 'Noto Sans Mandaic', sans-serif; } .Mand, .Mand * { font-style: normal; } /* Manichaean */ .Mani, .Mani * { font-style: normal; } /* Meroitic cursive */ .Merc { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Aegyptus, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; } .Merc, .Merc * { font-style: normal; } /* Meroitic hieroglyphs */ .Mero { font-family: Aegyptus, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; } .Mero, .Mero * { font-style: normal; } /* Malayalam */ .Mlym { font-family: 'Malayalam Sangam MN', Kartika, 'Code2000', 'Lucida Grande', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', 'Bitstream Vera', 'Visual Geez Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Mlym, .Mlym * { font-style: normal; } /* Classical Mongolian */ .Mong { font-family: 'Mongolian Baiti', sans-serif; font-size: 140%; writing-mode: vertical-lr; } .Mong, .Mong * { font-style: normal; } /* Manchu */ .mnc-Mong { font-family: 'Mongolian Baiti', sans-serif; font-size: 140%; writing-mode: vertical-lr; } .mnc-Mong, .mnc-Mong * { font-style: normal; } /* Meitei Mayek */ .Mtei { font-family: 'Eeyek Unicode', 'Noto Sans Meetei Mayek', sans-serif; } .Mtei, .Mtei * { font-style: normal; } /* Burmese */ .Mymr { font-family: TharLon, Padauk, 'Myanmar Text', 'Myanmar3', 'Myanmar2', 'Myanmar1', ParabaikSans, 'MyMyanmar sans-serif'; font-size: 130%; } .Mymr, .Mymr * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } big.Mymr, strong.Mymr, b.Mymr, b .Mymr { font-size: 162%; } .Mymr b { font-size: 130%; } /* North Arabian */ .Narb { font-family: 'Noto Sans Old North Arabian', sans-serif; } .Narb, .Narb * { font-style: normal; } /* N'ko */ .Nkoo, .Nkoo * { font-style: normal; } /* Ogham */ .Ogam { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Beth-Luis-Nion, Pollach, 'Maigh Nuad', 'Craobh Ruadh', 'Everson Mono Ogham', Cog, Crosta, 'TITUS Ogham', 'Ragnarok Ogham', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Ogam, .Ogam * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } big.Ogam, strong.Ogam, b.Ogam, b .Ogam { font-size: 156%; } .Ogam b { font-size: 125%; } /* Orkhon Runes */ .Orkh { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Orkun, 'Old Turkic', sans-serif; } .Orkh, .Orkh * { font-style: normal; } /* Odia */ .Orya { font-family: 'Oriya Sangam MN', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Orya, .Orya * { font-style: normal; } /* Osmanya */ .Osma, .Osma * { font-style: normal; } /* Palmyrene */ .Palm, .Palm * { font-family: 'Noto Sans Palmyrene'; } /* Phags-pa */ .Phag { font-family: 'BabelStone Phags-pa Book', 'Microsoft PhagsPa', sans-serif; writing-mode: vertical-lr; } .Phag, .Phag * { font-style: normal; } /* Inscriptional Pahlavi */ .Phli { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi', Shapour, 'ZH Mono', sans-serif; } .Phli, .Phli * { font-style: normal; } /* Book Pahlavi */ .Phlv, .Phlv * { font-style: normal; } /* Phoenician */ .Phnx { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'ALPHABETUM Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', Aegean, 'Code2001', 'Free Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Phnx, .Phnx * { font-style: normal; } /* Pollard */ .Plrd, .Plrd * { font-style: normal; } /* Parthian */ .Prti { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian', 'ZH Mono', sans-serif; } .Prti, .Prti * { font-style: normal; } /* Rejang */ .Rjng, .Rjng * { font-family: 'Noto Sans Rejang', 'Code2000', sans-serif; } /* Runic (Germanic) */ .Runr { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Junicode, 'Free Mono', 'Caslon Roman', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Code2000', 'Everson Mono', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', sans-serif; font-size: 130%; } .Runr, .Runr * { font-style: normal; } /* Samaritan */ .Samr { font-family: 'Noto Sans Samaritan', Quivira, 'Everson Mono', Unifont, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Samr, .Samr * { font-style: normal; } /* South Arabian */ .Sarb { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Qataban, 'Noto Sans Old South Arabian', sans-serif; } .Sarb, .Sarb * { font-style: normal; } /* Saurashtra */ .Saur { font-family: Pagul, sans-serif; } .Saur, .Saur * { font-style: normal; } /* SignWriting */ .Sgnw, .Sgnw * { font-style: normal; } /* Shavian */ .Shaw { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Code2001', 'Everson Mono', sans-serif; } .Shaw, .Shaw * { font-style: normal; } /* Sharada */ .Shrd, .Shrd * { font-style: normal; } /* Sinhalese */ .Sinh { font-family: 'Sinhala Sangam MN', KaputaUnicode, KandyUnicode, Dinamina, DinaminaUniWeb, Potha, Madhura, sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Sinh, .Sinh * { font-style: normal; } /* Sorang Sompeng */ .Sora, .Sora * { font-style: normal; } /* Sundanese */ .Sund { font-family: 'Sundanese Unicode', sans-serif; } .Sund, .Sund * { font-style: normal; } /* Syloti Nagri */ .Sylo { font-family: 'Noto Sans Syloti Nagri', sans-serif; } .Sylo, .Sylo * { font-style: normal; } /* Syriac */ .Syrc { font-family: 'Estrangelo Edessa', 'San Francisco', 'Code2000', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', 'Bitstream Vera', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; } .Syrc, .Syrc * { font-style: normal; } /* Tagbanwa */ .Tagb { font-family: Quivira, Tagbanwa, sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; } .Tagb, .Tagb * { font-style: normal; } /* Tai Le */ .Tale { font-family: 'Microsoft Tai Le', 'Tai Le Valentinium', 'MPH 2B Damase', sans-serif; } .Tale, .Tale * { font-style: normal; } /* New Tai Lue */ .Talu { font-family: 'Noto Sans New Tai Lue', 'Microsoft New Tai Lue', 'Dai Banna SIL Book', 'Husb_New_Tai_Lue_WB', sans-serif; } .Talu, .Talu * { font-style: normal; } /* Tamil */ .Taml { font-family: 'Tamil Sangam MN', InaiMathi, Vijaya, Akshar, JanaTamil, 'Code2000', ETTamilNew, 'Lohit Tamil', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Free Serif', Latha, sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Taml, .Taml * { font-style: normal; } /* Tangut */ .Tang { font-family: 'BabelStone Tangut Wenhai', 'Tangut N4694', 'Tangut Yinchuan', 'New Tangut', 'New Tangut Std', 'Tangut TWU', 'Babelstone Tangut Wenhai', sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; text-orientation: upright; } .Tang, .Tang * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } /* Tai Viet */ .Tavt { font-family: 'Tai Heritage Pro', 'Noto Sans Tai Viet', sans-serif; } .Tavt, .Tavt * { font-style: normal; } /* Telugu */ .Telu { font-family: 'Telugu Sangam MN', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Telu, .Telu * { font-style: normal; } /* Tifinagh (Berber) */ .Tfng { font-family: 'Hapax Berbère', Ebrima, 'Code2000', DejaVu, sans-serif; font-size: 120%; } .Tfng, .Tfng * { font-style: normal; } /* Tagalog */ .Tglg{ font-family: 'Noto Sans Tagalog', sans-serif; } .Tglg, .Tglg * { font-style: normal; } /* Thaana */ .Thaa, .Thaa * { font-style: normal; } /* Thai */ .Thai { font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Code2000', sans-serif; font-size: 125%; } .Thai, .Thai * { font-style: normal; } /* Tibetan */ .Tibt, .xzh-Tibt { font-family: 'Noto Sans Tibetan', Jomolhari-ID, 'Tibetan Machine Uni', 'Tibetan Machine Web', Jomolhari, 'Microsoft Himalaya', sans-serif; font-size: 180%; } .Tibt, .Tibt *, .xzh-Tibt, .xzh-Tibt * { font-style: normal; } .Tibt.mention { font-size: 160%; } /* Zhang-Zhung */ .xzh-Tibt { font-family: 'BabelStone Tibetan sMar-chen', sans-serif; } /* Ugaritic */ .Ugar { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Aegean, 'Code2001', sans-serif; } .Ugar, .Ugar * { font-style: normal; } /* Vai */ .Vaii { font-family: Ebrima, 'Code2000', sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; } .Vaii, .Vaii * { font-style: normal; } /* Old Persian cuneiform */ .Xpeo { font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', Aegean, Xerxes, 'Code2001', sans-serif; } .Xpeo, .Xpeo * { font-style: normal; } /* Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform */ .Xsux { font-family: Akkadian, FreeIdgSerif, CuneiformComposite, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; /* Neo-Assyrian form */ /* font-family: FreeIdgSerif, Akkadian, CuneiformComposite, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; */ /* Old Assyrian form */ /* font-family: Akkadian, CuneiformComposite, FreeIdgSerif, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; /* /* Neo-Sumerian form */ /* font-family: Akkadian, CuneiformComposite, FreeIdgSerif, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; /* /* Classical Sumerian form */ font-size: 125%; } .Xsux, .Xsux * { font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } /* Specify Hittite fonts */ :lang(hit).Xsux { font-family: UllikummiA, Akkadian, FreeIdgSerif, CuneiformComposite, 'Segoe UI Historic', sans-serif; } /* Yi */ .Yiii, .Yiii * { font-style: normal; } /* Mathematical notation */ .Zmth, .Zmth * { font-style: normal; } /* Symbols */ .Zsym { font-family: Symbola, sans-serif; font-size: 150%; } .Zsym, .Zsym * { font-style: normal; } /* Rumi (Malay) numerals */ .Rumin, .Ruminumerals { font-size:1.2em; } /* Multilingual writing systems and notations */ /* English Phonemic Representation (AHD) */ .enPR { font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Grande', Gentium, 'Gentium Plus', 'Gentium Alternative', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Code2000', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; } /* International Phonetic Alphabet */ .IPA, .IPAchar { font-family: Gentium, 'Gentium Plus', GentiumAlt, 'DejaVu Sans', 'Segoe UI', 'Lucida Grande', 'Charis SIL', 'Doulos SIL', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Code2000', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; font-size: 110%; } .IPA, .IPA *, .Ipach, .Ipach *, .IPAchar, .IPAchar * { font-style: normal; } /* Musical notation */ .Music, .musical { font-family: Musica, 'Musical Symbols', Euterpe, sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em; } .Music, .Music *, .musical, .musical * { font-style: normal; } kxzdbd40non290pvapbohxl5j0uj926 828 1427686 9889912 7598276 2026-09-07T13:26:50Z TongcyDai 53191 9889912 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local pos_functions = {} local require = require local require_when_needed = require("Module:require when needed") -- Modules local m_debug_track = require("Module:debug/track") local m_head = require("Module:headword") local m_params = require("Module:parameters") -- Utilities local u = require_when_needed("Module:string/char") local PAGENAME = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename -- Languages local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ms") local langname = lang:getCanonicalName() local script = lang:findBestScript(PAGENAME) -- Latn or Arab local function track(page) return m_debug_track("ms-headword/" .. page) end function export.show(frame) local iparams = { [1] = {required = true}, } local params = { ["head"] = {list = true, disallow_holes = true}, ["j"] = {list = true, disallow_holes = true}, ["id"] = true, ["sort"] = true, ["var"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["nolinkhead"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["json"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["pagename"] = true, -- for testing } local par_args = frame:getParent().args -- Process frame arguments i.e. {{#invoke:ms-headword|show|arguments}} local iargs = m_params.process(frame.args, iparams) local poscat = iargs[1] -- Append additional params in pos_functions to global params in export.show -- Necessary before processing parent args as each part of speech has their own parameters -- See pos_functions["adjectives"] for example if pos_functions[poscat] then local posparams = pos_functions[poscat].params if type(posparams) == "function" then posparams = posparams(lang) end for key, val in pairs(posparams) do params[key] = val end end -- Process frame parent arguments i.e. {{ms-head|arguments}} local args = m_params.process(par_args, params) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local head = args.head and args.head[1] or PAGENAME local var = args.var if var == nil then var = script:getCode() == "Arab" end local data = { lang = lang, pos_category = poscat, categories = {}, heads = args.head, inflections = {}, pagename = pagename, id = args.id, sort_key = args.sort, is_suffix = false, translits = { "-" }, var = var, } if (mw.ustring.find(PAGENAME, "اء[وي]")) then head = mw.ustring .gsub(PAGENAME, "(ا)(ء)([وي])", "%1^%2%3") -- superscript hamza end if args["ku"] ~= nil or args["mu"] ~= nil or args["nya"] ~= nil then track("clean up kumunya") end if args["r"] ~= nil then track("clean up r") end local function any_match(pattern) if head and mw.ustring.find(head, pattern) then return true end for _, v in ipairs(args["j"]) do if v and mw.ustring.find(v, pattern) then return true end end return false end if any_match("[كڬگ]") then track("incorrect Jawi spelling") error("Please use ک in place of ك and ݢ in place of ڬ and گ.") end -- special marks: ZWSP (200B), ZWNJ (200C), ZWJ (200D), LRM (200E), RLM (200F) local special_marks = "[" .. u(0x200B) .. "-" .. u(0x200F) .. "]" if any_match(special_marks) then track("incorrect Jawi spelling") error("Please remove ZWSP, ZWNJ, ZWJ, LRM, and RLM from title/headword.") end local letter_replacements = { ["M"] = "m", ["N#"] = "ng", ["R#"] = "r" } local pattern_replacements = { } function export.affixation(text, affix) local first_consonant = "" if affix == "-" then text = text .. "-" .. text elseif mw.ustring.match(affix, "^%-.+%-$") then first_consonant = mw.ustring.match(text, "^[^aeiou]+") text = first_consonant .. mw.ustring.sub(affix, 2, -2) .. mw.ustring.sub(text, mw.ustring.len(first_consonant) + 1, -1) else text = gsub(affix, "%-", "#" .. text) text = gsub(text, "N([^aeiou]*)([aeiou])([^aeiou]*)$", "nge%1%2%3") text = gsub(text, "meN#p", "memp") for pattern, replacement in pairs(pattern_replacements) do text = gsub(text, pattern, replacement) end text = gsub(text, "[MNR]#?", letter_replacements) text = gsub(text, "#", "") end return text end local jawi = { label = "爪夷文拼寫" } for _, term in ipairs(args["j"]) do if term then table.insert(jawi, { term = term }) end end if #jawi > 0 then table.insert(data.inflections, jawi) end if script:getCode() == "Arab" then -- l10n: 對應 enwt 的 "Malay terms in Arabic script"，zhwt 文字分類作「以X書寫的Y詞」 table.insert(data.categories, "以阿拉伯文書寫的馬來語詞") end if pos_functions[poscat] and pos_functions[poscat].func then pos_functions[poscat].func(args, data) end return m_head.full_headword(data) end -- l10n: pos_functions 的鍵即 zhwt 模板傳入的漢語詞類名，也直接成為 data.pos_category pos_functions["名詞"] = { params = { [1] = {list = true}, ["pl"] = {alias_of = 1, list = true}, }, func = function(args, data) -- Main code for noun plurality local jawi = data.var local pl1 = args[1][1] -- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------- local function insert_plural(tbl, ...) for _, v in ipairs(...) do table.insert(tbl, v) end return tbl end local function make_default_plural(pagename, jawi) local plural = {} local jawi_letter = "ابتةثجچحخدذرزسشصضطظعغڠفڤقکݢلمنوۏهءيىڽ" -- Auto-detect full reduplication if pagename:match("^([a-zA-Z" .. jawi_letter .. "]+)%-%1$") then table.insert( plural, "[[" .. pagename .. "]]" ) return plural end local subwords = mw.text.split(pagename, "%s") local firstword = subwords[1] local plural_entry = "[[" .. firstword .. "]]-[[" .. firstword .. "]]" local plural_entry2_latn = "[[" .. firstword .. "]][[2#" .. langname .. "|²]]" local plural_entry2_j = "[[" .. firstword .. "]][[ـ٢|٢]]" if #subwords > 1 then -- Concatenate all the remaining subwords (from 2 onward) for i = 2, #subwords do plural_entry = plural_entry .. " [[" .. subwords[i] .. "]]" if jawi then plural_entry2_j = plural_entry2_j .. " [[" .. subwords[i] .. "]]" else plural_entry2_latn = plural_entry2_latn .. " [[" .. subwords[i] .. "]]" end end end table.insert( plural, plural_entry ) if not jawi then table.insert( plural, plural_entry2_latn ) end if jawi then table.insert( plural, plural_entry2_j ) -- add "2" only first word end return plural end ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Unknown or uncertain and requests if pl1 == "req" then -- l10n: 對應 "Requests for plural forms in LANG entries" table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "詞條複數形式請求") elseif pl1 == "?" then -- l10n: 對應 "LANG nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals" table.insert(data.categories, "有未知或不確定複數的" .. langname .. "名詞") -- Uncountable and semi-countable elseif pl1 == "-" then table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "不可數名詞") table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#uncountable|不可數]]"}) elseif pl1 == "u" then local pl_countable = {label = "通常[[Appendix:Glossary#uncountable|不可數]]"} local pl_plural = {label = "複數"} table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "可數名詞") table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "不可數名詞") pl_plural = insert_plural(pl_plural, make_default_plural(data.pagename, jawi)) table.insert(data.inflections, pl_countable) table.insert(data.inflections, pl_plural) elseif pl1 == "~" then local pl_countable = {label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#countable|可數]]和[[Appendix:Glossary#uncountable|不可數]]"} local pl_plural = {label = "複數"} table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "可數名詞") table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "不可數名詞") pl_plural = insert_plural(pl_plural, make_default_plural(data.pagename, jawi)) table.insert(data.inflections, pl_countable) table.insert(data.inflections, pl_plural) elseif pl1 == "pt" or pl1 == "p" then error(langname .. " doesn't have plurale tantum, please delete the causing parameter.") elseif pl1 == "st" or pl1 == "s" then error(langname .. " doesn't have singulare tantum, please replace the causing parameter with |-.") elseif pl1 == "1" then error("The parameter |pl=1 is invalid. Please specify the plurality with an existing value.") else -- Countable local pl = {label = "複數"} if not pl1 or pl1 == "+" then pl = insert_plural(pl, make_default_plural(data.pagename, jawi)) elseif pl1 == "a" then pl = insert_plural(pl, make_default_plural(data.pagename, jawi)) table.insert(pl, "[[para]] " .. data.pagename) elseif pl1 == "*" then table.insert(pl, data.pagename) elseif pl1 == "*+" then table.insert(pl, data.pagename) pl = insert_plural(pl, make_default_plural(data.pagename, jawi)) else for _, i in ipairs(args[1]) do local exclude = { a = true, u = true, req = true, ["+"] = true, ["~"] = true, ["-"] = true, ["*"] = true, ["*+"] = true, } -- Incase first argument is used not as the first argument -- (e.g. {{ms-noun|custom-plural|a}}) if not exclude[i] then table.insert(pl, i) end end end table.insert(data.inflections, pl) end end } -- Generally, proper nouns don't have plural unless in certain cases -- e.g. Muslim -> Muslimin pos_functions["專有名詞"] = { params = { [1] = {list = true}, -- allow custom plural ["pl"] = {alias_of = 1, list = true}, }, func = function(args, data) local pl1 = args[1] local pl = { label = "複數" } if #pl1 ~= 0 then for _, v in ipairs(pl1) do table.insert(pl, v) end table.insert(data.inflections, pl) end end } pos_functions["動詞"] = { params = { [1] = { list = true }, active = { list = true }, bare = { list = true }, passive = { list = true }, }, func = function(args, data) local base = data.pagename local jawi = data.var local utf = mw.ustring local equivalent_letters = { k = "ک", t = "ت", s = "س", p = "ڤ", } -- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------- local function starts_with(s, prefix) return utf.sub(s, 1, utf.len(prefix)) == prefix end local function first_n(s, n) return utf.sub(s, 1, n) end local function rest_from(s, n) return utf.sub(s, n + 1) end local function is_equiv(first, target) return first == target or first == equivalent_letters[target] end local function is_vowel_char(ch) return ch:match('[aiueoاويى]') ~= nil end local function vowel_count(s) local count = 0 for ch in utf.gmatch(s, '.') do if is_vowel_char(ch) then count = count + 1 if count > 1 then return count end end end return count end local function make_form(prefix_latin, prefix_jawi, use_jawi, rest) if use_jawi then return prefix_jawi .. (rest or base) else return prefix_latin .. (rest or base) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------- if args[1] and args[1][1] == "b" then -- Default base forms local default_active_latin = "me" .. base local default_passive_latin = "di" .. base local default_active_jawi = "م" .. base local default_passive_jawi = "د" .. base local active_form = jawi and default_active_jawi or default_active_latin local passive_form = jawi and default_passive_jawi or default_passive_latin -- If base has more than 1 vowel, use 'meng'/'مڠ' forms local vcount = vowel_count(base) if vcount == 1 then -- For bases with exactly one vowel: use 'menge' / 'مڠ' + base if jawi then active_form = "مڠ" .. base else active_form = "menge" .. base end else local first_two = first_n(base, 2) local first = first_n(base, 1) -- Mapping for special two-letter onsets local two_map = { ["sy"] = { latin = "men", jawi = "من", strip = false }, ["pl"] = { latin = "mem", jawi = "مم", strip = false }, ["ڤل"] = { latin = "mem", jawi = "مم", strip = false }, ["pr"] = { latin = "mem", jawi = "مم", strip = false }, ["ڤر"] = { latin = "mem", jawi = "مم", strip = false }, ["tr"] = { latin = "men", jawi = "من", strip = false }, ["تر"] = { latin = "men", jawi = "من", strip = false }, ["kl"] = { latin = "meng", jawi = "مڠ", strip = false }, ["کل"] = { latin = "meng", jawi = "مڠ", strip = false }, ["kr"] = { latin = "meng", jawi = "مڠ", strip = false }, ["کر"] = { latin = "meng", jawi = "مڠ", strip = false }, ["kh"] = { latin = "meng", jawi = "مڠ", strip = false }, } if two_map[first_two] then local m = two_map[first_two] active_form = make_form(m.latin, m.jawi, jawi) else -- Single-letter rules and character-class rules if is_equiv(first, "k") then -- drop first letter and use meng / مڠ + rest if jawi then active_form = "مڠ" .. rest_from(base, 1) else active_form = "meng" .. rest_from(base, 1) end elseif is_equiv(first, "t") then if jawi then active_form = "من" .. rest_from(base, 1) else active_form = "men" .. rest_from(base, 1) end elseif is_equiv(first, "s") then if jawi then active_form = "مڽ" .. rest_from(base, 1) else active_form = "meny" .. rest_from(base, 1) end elseif is_equiv(first, "p") then if jawi then active_form = "مم" .. rest_from(base, 1) else active_form = "mem" .. rest_from(base, 1) end else if first:match("[cjdzچجدزش]") then active_form = make_form("men", "من", jawi) elseif first:match("[bfvبفۏ]") then active_form = make_form("mem", "مم", jawi) elseif first:match("[ghݢݢحخهة]") then active_form = make_form("meng", "مڠ", jawi) elseif is_vowel_char(first) then active_form = make_form("meng", "مڠ", jawi) else -- fallback: default 'me' form active_form = jawi and ("م" .. base) or ("me" .. base) end end end end args.active = { active_form } args.passive = { passive_form } elseif args[1] and args[1][1] == "a" then if #args[1] > 2 then error("This template doesn't use argument |3=") elseif #args[1] < 2 then error("Please enter the bare form of the verb.") end local default_passive_latin = "di" .. args[1][2] local default_passive_jawi = "د" .. args[1][2] local passive_form = jawi and default_passive_jawi or default_passive_latin args.bare = { args[1][2] } args.passive = { passive_form } else -- still, if active provided but passive missing, generate passive if args.active and args.active[1] and (not args.passive or not args.passive[1]) then args.passive = { jawi and ("د" .. base) or ("di" .. base) } end end if args.active and args.active[1] then args.active.label = "主動" table.insert(data.inflections, args.active) end if args.bare and args.bare[1] then args.bare.label = "原形" table.insert(data.inflections, args.bare) end if args.passive and args.passive[1] then args.passive.label = "第三人稱被動" table.insert(data.inflections, args.passive) end end } pos_functions["動詞變位形式"] = pos_functions["動詞"] pos_functions["形容詞"] = { params = { [1] = { list = true }, -- allow |~|, |-|, |?|, |+|, |e| comparative = { alias_of = 1, list = false }, superlative = { list = true }, equative = { list = true }, }, func = function(args, data) local base = data.pagename local jawi = data.var local first = mw.ustring.sub(base, 1, 1) local eq_enable = false -- Comperative & Superlative local periphrastic = { comp_latn = "[[lebih]] " .. base, sup_latn = "[[paling]] " .. base, comp_j = "[[لبيه]] " .. base, sup_j = "[[ڤاليڠ]] " .. base, } -- Equative is non-periphrastic (seBASE) local equative = { latn = "se" .. base, jawi = "[[س]]" .. base, } -- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------- local function eq_check(tbl) local found = false for i = #tbl, 1, -1 do -- iterate backwards when removing if tbl[i] == "e" then table.remove(tbl, i) found = true end end return tbl, found end ------------------------------------------------------------------ args[1], eq_enable = eq_check(args[1]) -- 1) “?” → no inflections, but add request category and stop. if args[1][1] == "?" then table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "形容詞詞條屈折請求") return end -- 2) “-” → just “not comparable” and stop. if args[1][1] == "-" then table.insert(data.inflections, { label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#not comparable|不可比較]]" }) table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "無比較級形容詞") return end -- 3) “~” → insert the note, but then fall through to normal comp/sup. if args[1][1] == "~" then table.insert(data.inflections, { label = "通常[[Appendix:Glossary#not comparable|不可比較]]" }) end -- 4) Comparative: always show (default) if args[1][1] == nil or args[1][1] == "+" then if jawi then args.comparative = { periphrastic.comp_j } args.superlative = { periphrastic.sup_j } else args.comparative = { periphrastic.comp_latn } args.superlative = { periphrastic.sup_latn } end -- If "+" flag, additionally show morphological superlative if args[1][1] == "+" then local is_r = (first == "r" or first == "ر") local morph = jawi and (is_r and "ت" or "تر") or (is_r and "te" or "ter") -- First show periphrastic form (Jawi or Latin), then synthetic form args.superlative = { jawi and periphrastic.sup_j or periphrastic.sup_latn, morph .. base } end end -- 5) Equative: only when e is called if eq_enable then args.equative = { jawi and equative.jawi or equative.latn } else args.equative = nil end -- 6) emit in order if args.comparative and args.comparative[1] then args.comparative.label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#comparative|比較級]]" table.insert(data.inflections, args.comparative) end if args.superlative and args.superlative[1] then args.superlative.label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#superlative|最高級]]" table.insert(data.inflections, args.superlative) end if args.equative and args.equative[1] then args.equative.label = "[[Appendix:Glossary#equative|同級]]" table.insert(data.inflections, args.equative) end end, } -- l10n: enwt 的 classifiers 在 zhwt 一律作「量詞」（見 Module:headword/data 的 lemmas 清單） pos_functions["量詞"] = { params = { [1] = { list = true }, -- allow |+| or custom singular }, func = function(args, data) local base = data.pagename local jawi = data.var -- Helpers ------------------------------------------------------- local function alt_sing(tbl) if #tbl == 0 then return false end if #tbl == 1 and tbl[1] == "+" then return false end return true end local function plus_sign(tbl) for _, v in ipairs(tbl) do if v == "+" then return true end end return false end ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- decide what form(s) to emit local sing_forms = {label = "單數"} -- if nothing explicit was passed, or "+" is called, auto‑generate if #args[1] == 0 or plus_sign(args[1]) then if jawi then table.insert(sing_forms, "سي" .. base) else table.insert(sing_forms, "se" .. base) end end -- If there's alternative singular form -- {e.g. {{ms-classifier|sorang}} if alt_sing(args[1]) then for _, v in ipairs(args[1]) do table.insert(sing_forms, v) end end -- emit an inflection labeled “singular” table.insert(data.inflections, sing_forms) table.insert(data.categories, langname .. "量詞") end } return export 2898uac1fedpqujc48djne09k7pigi1 828 1427997 9889918 7876021 2026-09-07T14:24:14Z TongcyDai 53191 页面内容被替换为“return require("Module:roots")” 9889918 Scribunto text/plain return require("Module:roots") aw7nuem1odrzl9a0ukjfaj2q24kiw7m 0 1453600 9890381 8227302 2026-09-08T08:22:05Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890381 wikitext text/x-wiki ==黎語== ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|lic|hnm|中國|tr=dong1 gog7}}。 ===發音=== {{lic-pron}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|lic|專有名詞}} # {{place|lic|t=中國|國家|continent/亞洲}} 5vcejr4pwcatat8fc0zkym2c9tie377 0 1453608 9890383 8342497 2026-09-08T08:22:13Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890383 wikitext text/x-wiki ==黎語== ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|lic|hnm|-}} {{zh-l|*海南}}。 ===發音=== {{lic-pron}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|lic|專有名詞}} # [[海南]] k93to9jg7gekw3srps8kf1o73aixgjo 0 1454785 9890402 9708971 2026-09-08T08:24:10Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|-iet}} ==黎語== ===發音=== {{lic-pron}} ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|lic|hnm|-}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|lic|名詞}} # [[乙]] ===數詞=== {{head|lic|數詞}} # [[一]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:lic:JCJC}} ==拉脫維亞語== ===詞源=== 不定式和現在時源自{{etyl|bat-pro|lv}} {{l|ine-bsl-pro|*eitei}}，源自{{etyl|ine-pro|lv}} {{l|ine-pro|*h₁ey-}} (古現在時{{l|ine-pro|*eimu}}, {{l|ine-pro|*iemu}} 等被{{l|ine-pro|*h₁ey-}}的派生詞取代)。過去式源自{{etyl|bat-pro|lv}} {{l|ine-bsl-pro|*gā-}}，源自{{etyl|ine-pro|lv}} {{l|ine-pro|*gʷeh₂-||來}}，參見同源的{{cog|lt|góti||快走}}, {{cog|en|come}}。 ===發音=== * {{lv-IPA|iɛ̂t|broken}}, {{lv-IPA|iɛ̄t|level}} {{audio|lv|lv-riga-iet.ogg}} ===動詞=== {{head|lv|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|lv|[[iet]]||第三人稱|s|現在|直陳}} # {{inflection of|lv|[[iet]]||第三人稱|p|現在|直陳}} # {{qualifier|+ 助詞 ''{{l|lv|lai}}''}} {{inflection of|lv|[[iet]]||第三人稱|s|imp}} # {{qualifier|+ 助詞 ''{{l|lv|lai}}''}} {{inflection of|lv|[[iet]]||第三人稱|p|imp}} {{lv-verb|intr|no|eju|ej|iet|gāju}} # [[去]]，[[走]]，[[行走]] #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' kājām|走路'''去'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|lēni, ātri '''iet'''|慢，快'''走'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' streidzīgā gaitā|匆忙'''去'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' lieliem soļiem|大步'''走'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' pa ceļu, cauri mežam|'''走'''在路上，穿過森林|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' no istabas ārā|'''走'''出房間|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' taisni uz priekšu|直'''走'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' sešus kilometrus stundā|以6千米每小時的速度'''行走'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' rikšos, rikšiem|（馬）慢'''跑'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' soļos, soļiem|（馬）鬆開韁繩'''走'''|inline=1}} # 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{{lb|lv|口語|一般用{{l|lv|braukt}}}} （乘坐交通工具）去 #: {{ux|lv|nākošajā reisā laikam '''iesim''' uz Kubu|下次旅行，我們可能去古巴|inline=1}} # 經常性地去 #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' darbā, skolā|'''去'''上班，上學|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' savās gaitās|'''走'''自己的路|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|+ {{l|lv|ceļu}} “路”}} 往某方向去 #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' tālu ceļu|'''走'''上長路|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' savu, citu ceļu|'''走'''自己的，別人的路|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' taisnu ceļu'|誠實做事|lit='''走'''正直的路|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|腿，腳}} [[移動]] #: {{ux|lv|kad jau nav galvas, tad '''neiet''' arī kājas|沒有頭的時候，腳也不會走|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|skatities, jauni puiši, kā meitām kājas '''gāja'''|男孩子們，看看女孩子的腿是怎樣走的|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|一般用第三人稱；指鳥、魚}} [[飛行]]，[[游動]] #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' siļķu bari|一群鯡魚正在'''游動'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|vai tu dzirdi, vai tu dzirdi, šonakt zosis projām '''iet'''|你聽到了嗎，你聽到了嗎，今夜鵝群要飛走了|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|動詞不定式}} {{non-gloss definition|加強動詞語氣。}} #: {{ux|lv|bijis skatīties mēnesi... cik naivi meli! kur tas dzirdēts, ka '''ietu''' kāds celties augšā no siltas gultas, lai ārā, saltumā, blenztu uz mēnesi?|我看見了月亮……多麼愚蠢的謊言！有誰聽過有人會從溫暖的床上起來，到寒涼的外面去看月亮？|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''ej''' nu sazini|'''去'''弄明白|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''ej''' nu sazini, kas dažreiz ir laime, kas nelaime!|'''去'''弄懂什麼是幸福，什麼是不幸！|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|車輛}} [[行駛]]，[[前往]]；[[開出]] #: {{syn|lv|aiziet}} #: {{ux|lv|vilciens '''iet''' ātri|火車'''走得'''快|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|lidmašīna līdz galvaspilsētai '''iet''' vienu stundu|飛機在一小時內能'''到'''首都|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|kapteiņa Vasnieka kuģis neies jūrā, jo kapteinis izguļ paģiras|Vasnieks 船長的船不會下海，因為他喝醉了|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|vilciens '''ies''' pēc 10 minūtēm|火車將在10分鐘後'''開出'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|motorlaiva uz Pērnavu '''gāja''' rīta pusē|前往帕爾努的摩托艇早上'''開走了'''|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|物體}} [[移動]] #: {{ux|lv|baļķi '''iet''' pa upi|木材在河上'''漂動'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|vējā smiltis '''iet''' pa gaisu|風吹起沙，在空中'''飄散'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|bumba '''iet''' pāri laukuma sānu līnijai|球飛過了場地的邊線|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱，指機械，尤指時鐘}} [[運作]] #: {{ux|lv|pulkstenis '''iet''' precīzi|時鐘'''走得'''準|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|pulkstenis '''iet''' par ātru|時鐘'''走'''快了|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|pulkstenis '''iet''' par lēnu|時鐘'''走'''慢了|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|traktors '''iet''' kā pulkstenis|拖拉機像時鐘一樣'''運轉'''|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱，指時間段、生命}} [[經過]]，[[流逝]] #: {{ux|lv|stundas '''iet'''|時間'''流逝'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz pavasara pusi|已經快要到仲春了|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|pulkstenis iet uz '''vieniem'''|快要到一點了|lit=時鐘快要轉到一點了|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|kā saule riet un mēness riet, tā mūžs uz beigu stundu iet|如同日落月升，生命也將走到盡頭}} #: {{ux|lv|bet nu, kad mūžs jau '''gājis''' otrā pusē, / aizvien biežak Tebra prātā nāk|but now that life has already '''gone''' to the other side (more than half of my life has passed), Tebra comes to (my) mind increasingly more often|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|一般用第三人稱，指自然現象}} [[移動]] #: {{ux|lv|mākoņi '''iet'''|雲'''飄動'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|mēness '''iet'''|月亮在逐漸'''移動'''|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|ledus '''iet'''|冰（被水流衝擊）'''漂動'''|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱}} [[最終]]變得，最終將會 #: {{ux|lv|no kopēja izvesto preču daudzuma apmēram 11 procenti '''iet''' eksportam|大約11%的產品會用作出口|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|ražošanas procesā daļa materiālu '''iet''' atkritumos|生產的過程中，一部分材料會被浪費掉|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|pavasarī dzīvniekiem '''iet''' nost vecā spalvā|春天，動物的舊皮毛會脫落|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|pārsauļotā āda vēlāk '''iet''' nost|然後，被曬傷的皮膚會脫落|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|一些事件、過程}} 變得，成為 #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' vairumā|增加|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' mazumā|減少|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz augšu|提升|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz leju|變差|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' plašumā|擴展|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz labo pusi|變好|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz slikto pusi|變壞|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz beigām|完成|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' uz galu|完成|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' savu gaitu|獨立完成|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|elle '''iet''' vaļā|壞事發生得快|lit=地獄是肆意'''行走'''的|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱}} 通過……實現 #: {{ux|lv|visi norēķini '''iet''' caur krājkasi|所有的支付都通過儲蓄銀行|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|formalitātes es paguvu jau nokārtot; vajadzīgs vēl tikai jūsu paraksts... oficiāli automašīna, protams, '''iet''' caur komisijas veikalu|我已經把手續都辦齊了，只差您的簽名……當然，正式來說，車會通過經銷商取得|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱}} 放進 #: {{ux|lv|skapis '''neiet''' istabā iekšā|衣櫃放不進房間裡|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|nagla viegli '''iet''' sienā|釘子很容易就打進了墻裡|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|mucā '''iet''' 100 litru|這桶能裝入100升的東西|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|vai jaunie cimdi '''iet''' rokā?|新手套合你的手嗎？|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|zābaki '''neiet''' kājās|我的腳穿不進這靴子|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|mētelis tikko '''iet''' mugurā|這外套我剛剛夠穿|lit=這外套剛剛好貼著我的背|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱，指郵件}} [[寄送]] #: {{ux|lv|telegrammas '''iet''' ātri|電報送得快|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|vēstule '''ies''' pāris dienu|信要幾天才能送到|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱，指消息}} [[傳播]] #: {{ux|lv|par viņiem rakstīja frontes avīzes, bet pirmajās līnijās no mutes mutē '''gāja''' viņu leģendārā slava|知名的報社寫過關於他的報道，但他的傳奇故事是口口相傳的|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|'''iet''' runa|謠言散佈開來|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|道路、門}} [[位於]] #: {{ux|lv|redzi tur pretī, augšā tos stabus? aiz tiem '''iet''' lielceļš|你看見那些桿子了嗎？後面就是公路|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|tālu aiz siliem un gāršām ceļš '''iet''' augšā un lejā pa senjūras krastu|針葉林的那頭，道路在古老的海邊上下起伏|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|robeža '''iet''' taisni starp abām dzīvojamām ēkām|邊界穿過兩棟樓之間|inline=1}} #: {{ux|lv|durvis pa kreiso roku ved sānu istabā, otras durvis dibenā '''iet''' uz āru|左手邊的門是進偏房的，右手邊的門是出去的|inline=1}} # {{lb|lv|第三人稱，指電影、戲劇}} [[上演]] #: {{ux|lv|“šodien kinoteatrī '''iet''' “Parmas klosteris,”” viņa ierunājās sērīgi... “bet mēs jau netiekam...”|“今天《帕爾馬修道院》'''要上映'''了，”她有點失望地說道，……“但我們趕不上（去看）……”|inline=1}} ====變位==== {{lv-conj-table|{{l|lv|eju}}|{{l|lv|ej}}|{{l|lv|iet}}|{{l|lv|ejam}}|{{l|lv|ejat}}|{{l|lv|gāju}}|{{l|lv|gāji}}|{{l|lv|gāja}}|{{l|lv|gājām}}|{{l|lv|gājāt}}|{{l|lv|iešu}}|{{l|lv|iesi}}|{{l|lv|ies}}|{{l|lv|iesim}}|{{l|lv|iesit}},<br />{{l|lv|iesiet}}|{{l|lv|ej}}|{{l|lv|ejiet}}|{{l|lv|ejot}}|{{l|lv|iešot}}|{{l|lv|ietu}}|{{l|lv|jāiet}}|{{l|lv|jāejot}}|{{l|lv|ejošs}}|{{l|lv|iedams}}|{{l|lv|ejot}}|{{l|lv|ejam}}|gājis|{{l|lv|ejams}}|{{l|lv|iets}}|{{l|lv|iešana}}|width=470}} ====派生詞==== : 帶前綴動詞： {{top4}} * {{l|lv|aiziet}} * {{l|lv|apiet}} * {{l|lv|atiet}} {{mid4}} * {{l|lv|ieiet}} * {{l|lv|iziet}} * {{l|lv|noiet}} {{mid4}} * {{l|lv|paiet}} * {{l|lv|pāriet}} * {{l|lv|pieiet}} {{mid4}} * {{l|lv|saiet}} * {{l|lv|uziet}} {{bottom}} : 其他派生詞： * {{l|lv|gājējs}}, {{l|lv|gājēja}} * {{l|lv|gājiens}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|lv|eja}} * {{l|lv|iela}} [[Category:拉脫維亞語不規則動詞]] ==中古荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自{{l|dum|iewet}}，源自{{inh|dum|odt|*iowiht}} ← {{l|odt|ne}} << {{der|dum|gem-pro|*ne}} + {{l|odt|io}} + {{l|odt|*wiht}} << {{cog|gem-pro|*wihtą||事物}}。 ===代詞=== {{head|dum|代詞}} # 某[[事物]] ====其他寫法==== * {{l|dum|iewet}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|li|get}} ===副詞=== {{head|dum|副詞}} # 在任何程度上，以任何方式 # [[有點]]，[[稍微]] # [[有時]]，[[可能]] ====其他寫法==== * {{l|dum|iewet}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:VMNW|ID15582|iewet|I}} * {{R:VMNW|ID74582|iewet|II}} * {{R:MNW|18886|I}} ==威爾士語== ===詞源=== 借自方言{{bor|cy|enm|ȝet}}, {{l|enm|ȝeat||大門}}，源自{{der|cy|ang|ġeat}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|cy|/jɛt/}} ===名詞=== {{cy-noun|f|ietau|pl2=ietiau}} # [[大門]] ===詞首音變=== {{cy-mut-auto}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:cy:GPC|iet}} p9dh8kz5vr5pnoa9lf2oq6unalkv8of 0 1455004 9890390 8342501 2026-09-08T08:22:50Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890390 wikitext text/x-wiki ==黎語== ===發音=== {{lic-pron}} ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|lic|hnm|-}}{{zh-l|半}}。 ===數詞=== {{head|lic|數詞}} # [[半]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:lic:JCJC}} bajxsvfq6zq9nskx31mt4yhmhzr5zlu 0 1455010 9890394 8342502 2026-09-08T08:23:10Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890394 wikitext text/x-wiki ==黎語== ===發音=== {{lic-pron}} ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|lic|hnm|-}}{{zh-l|點}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|lic|名詞}} # 點，點鐘 ===動詞=== {{head|lic|動詞}} # [[點]]（[[菜]]） ===參考資料=== * {{R:lic:JCJC}} nnhvpe282zmj65qxi4v8kcfeetxcvv2 0 1488877 9890440 9842287 2026-09-08T08:48:05Z Chihunglu83 87715 9890440 wikitext text/x-wiki ==捷克語== {{wp|cs:}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|cs|/pstrux/}} * {{audio|cs|LL-Q9056 (ces)-Ghost4Man-{{PAGENAME}}.wav}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-an}} # [[尊魚]]，[[鱒魚]] 42cku6zdxe7jkuw1o6lw778ajovf352 0 1492068 9890429 5982799 2026-09-08T08:26:52Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890429 wikitext text/x-wiki ==瑞典語== ===詞源=== 借自北{{bor|sv|it|articiocco}}，派生自{{der|sv|oc-pro|[[archichaut]]、[[arquichaut]]}}，派生自{{der|sv|osp|alcarchofa}}，派生自{{der|sv|xaa|اَلْخَرْشُوف|tr=alẖaršúf(a)}}，派生自{{der|sv|ar|اَلْخُرْشُوف}}，{{mention|ar|خُرْشُوف}} 的定形<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref>。 ===名詞=== {{sv-noun|c}} # {{synonym of|sv|kronärtskocka}} # {{synonym of|sv|jordärtskocka}} ====變格==== {{sv-infl-noun-c-or|ärtskock}} ===參考資料=== <references/> saagw8a737ichjhf0irmhu6ih0prxoo 0 1503780 9890406 9717503 2026-09-08T08:24:33Z Chihunglu83 87715 9890406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Pis|PiS|piś|piš|piș|-pis|pi·š|Piś}} {{minitoc}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{ISO 639|3}} ===參見=== * {{langcat}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|pi}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=ips|IPS|IPs|ISP|Isp|PSI|SPI|iPS|isp|psi|sip}} ==阿爾巴尼亞語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|sq|/pis/}} ===形容詞=== {{sq-adj}} # [[髒]]的 ==阿塞拜疆語== {{az-variant|c=пис|r=pis|a=پیس}} ===詞源=== 可能源自{{der|az|fa|پیس|t=沾有污漬的，起皺紋的，得麻風病的}} {{古}}<ref>http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=pis</ref>，參見{{cog|tr|pis|t=髒的}}, {{cog|kmr|pîs|t=髒的}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|az|[pis]}} ===形容詞=== {{az-adj}} # [[壞]]的 #: {{uxi|az|[[vəziyyət|Vəziyyətimiz]] [[çox]] '''pis'''dir.|我們的處境很'''糟'''。}} #: {{syn|az|yaman}} # [[下流]]的 #: {{uxi|az|[[gecə|Gecə]] [[yatmaq|yatmamışdan]] [[əvvəl]] '''pis-pis''' [[kino|kinolara]] [[baxmaq|baxıblar]] [[yəqin]].|他們睡前一定是在看'''黃色'''電影。}} ====派生詞==== * {{l|az|pislik}} * {{l|az|pisləmək}} * {{l|az|pisləşmək|t=變差，惡化}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|az|yaxşı}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== 源自{{l|ca|pisar}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|m}} # [[樓層]] # [[公寓]] # {{lb|ca|疊人塔}} [[層]] ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:IEC2}} * {{R:GDLC}} * {{R:DNV}} * {{R:DCVB}} ==丹麥語== ===感嘆詞=== {{head|da|感嘆詞}} # [[靠]]，[[肏]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|da|satans}} ===名詞=== {{da-noun}} # {{lb|da|粗俗}} [[尿]] # {{lb|da|粗俗|俚語}} 低價[[啤酒]] ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/pɪs/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-pis.ogg|音頻}} * {{rhymes|nl|ɪs}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|m|-|-}} # {{lb|nl|粗俗}} [[尿]] # {{lb|nl|粗俗|俚語}} 低價[[啤酒]] ===動詞=== {{head|nl|動詞變位形式}} # {{nl-verb form of|p=1|n=sg|t=pres|m=ind|pissen}} # {{nl-verb form of|m=imp|pissen}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-pis.ogg|音頻}} ===詞源1=== 源自{{inh|fr|fro|pis}}, {{l|fro|peis}} ← {{inh|fr|la|pēius}} ← {{l|la|pēior}}。對比{{l|fr|pire}}。 ====副詞==== {{fr-adv}} # 更[[差]]的是 =====派生詞===== {{der3|fr| |de mal en pis |de pis en pis |dire pis que pendre de |en mettant les choses au pis |pis-aller |tant pis }} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|pire}} ===詞源2=== 源自{{inh|fr|fro|piz}}, {{l|fro|peiz||胸部}}，繼承自{{inh|fr|la|pectus}}，源自{{inh|fr|itc-pro|*pektos}}，源自{{der|fr|ine-pro|*peg||胸部}}。 ====名詞==== {{fr-noun|m|pis}} # [[乳房]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|poitrine}} ===詞源3=== {{l|fr|puis}}的詞中略音形。 ====其他寫法==== * {{l|fr|pi}} ====連詞==== {{head|fr|連詞}} # {{lb|fr|魁北克|阿凱迪亞|路易斯安那法語|密蘇里|口語}} [[而且]] #* {{quote-book|fr|year=1996|author=[[w:en:Chrystine Brouillet|Chrystine Brouillet]]|title=C'est pour mieux t'aimer, mon enfant|isbn=2-89021-276-9|page=78|passage="Je suis habituée, protesta-t-elle. '''Pis''' j'ai pas besoin d'un père pour me faire la morale." — ''I'm used to it, she protested. And I don't need a father to lecture me''}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|psi}}, {{l|fr|spi}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:TLFi}} ==幾內亞比紹克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|pov|pt|peixe}}。與{{cog|kea|pexi}}同源。 ===名詞=== {{head|pov|名詞}} # [[魚]] ==愛爾蘭語== [[File:Pisum sativum green.jpg|thumb|piseanna]] ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|ga|LL.|pisa}}，{{der|ga|la|pisum||豌豆}}的變體，源自{{der|ga|grc|πίσον}}，{{l|grc|πίσος}}的變體。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ga|/pʲɪʃ/}} ===名詞=== {{ga-noun|f|~e|~eanna}} # [[豌豆]] ====變格==== {{ga-decl-f2|p|is|ise|pl=iseanna}} ===詞首音變=== {{ga-mut}} [[Category:愛爾蘭語 蔬菜]] ==立陶宛語== ===動詞=== {{head|lt|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|lt|pisti||3|s|fut}} # {{infl of|lt|pisti||3|p|fut}} ==中古英語== ===名詞=== {{head|enm|名詞}} # {{alt form|enm|pisse}} ==諾曼語== ===名詞=== {{head|nrf|名詞複數形式|g=m-p}} # {{plural of|nrf|pi}} ==古英語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|ang|la|pēnsus}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|pīs}} ===形容詞=== {{ang-adj|head=pīs}} # [[重]]的 ====變格==== {{ang-adecl|pīs}} ====派生詞==== * {{l|ang|pīsian}} * {{l|ang|pīslīċ}} * {{l|ang|pīslīċe}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ang:BT|pīs|ref=025241}} ==西班牙語== ===發音=== {{es-pr}} ===名詞=== {{es-noun|m|pis}} # [[尿]] ==托克皮辛語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|tpi|en|fish}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|tpi|名詞}} # [[魚]] #* {{RQ:Buk Baibel|Jenesis|1|21|passage=Orait God i mekim kamap ol traipela '''pis''' na snek bilong solwara, na ol arapela kain samting bilong solwara, na ol kain kain pisin.}} ==土耳其語== ===詞源=== 可能源自{{der|tr|fa|پیس|t=沾有污漬的，起皺紋的，得麻風病的}} {{古}}<ref>http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=pis</ref>，參見{{cog|az|pis|t=骯髒的}}, {{cog|kmr|pîs|t=髒的}}, {{cog|hy|փիս}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|tr|/pis/}} ===形容詞=== {{tr-adj}} # [[髒]]的 ====近義詞==== * {{l|tr|kirli}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ac5jvbcsn2ntwiw7y053z0d8cjmsj8a 828 1527752 9889899 6068249 2026-09-07T12:24:06Z TongcyDai 53191 9889899 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local map = { ["ا"] = "a", ["ب"] = "b", ["پ"] = "p", ["ت"] = "t", ["ج"] = "ǧ", ["چ"] = "č", ["خ"] = "x", ["د"] = "d", ["ر"] = "r", ["ز"] = "z", ["ژ"] = "ž", ["س"] = "s", ["ش"] = "š", ["غ"] = "ġ", ["ف"] = "f", ["ق"] = "q", ["ك"] = "k", ["گ"] = "g", ["ݣ"] = "ñ", ["ل"] = "l", ["م"] = "m", ["ن"] = "n", ["ھ"] = "h", ["و"] = "o", ["ۇ"] = "u", ["ې"] = "e", ["ی"] = "i", ["ي"] = "y", ["ۆ"] = "ö", ["ۈ"] = "ü", ["ۋ"] = "v", } function export.tr(text, _lang, _sc) if type(text) ~= "string" or text == "" then return nil end -- Remove initial hamza (ئ) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "^ئ", "") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "(%s)ئ", "%1") -- 1-to-1 character mapping text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, ".", map) return text end return export hlbeuxnvdcarhjjz51wew0ulixunkx7 0 1530659 9889966 8799813 2026-09-07T17:36:07Z TongcyDai 53191 9889966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|istotą}} ==古波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|zlw-opl|:inh|sla-pro:*jьstota<ety:af<sla-pro:*jьstъ<alt:*jistъ>><sla-pro:*-ota>>|etydate=c,1450|tree=+|text=+}} {{surf|zlw-opl|isty|-ota}}。 ===發音=== * {{zlw-opl-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{zlw-opl-noun|f}} # {{lb|zlw-opl|law}} [[確認]]{{gl|證明、聲明或強化法律行為，提交聲明，證明活動}} #* {{RQ:zlw-opl:PF|IV|570|c. 1450|'''Gystoti''' experimentum|'''Jistoty''' experimentum|-}} # {{lb|zlw-opl|law}} [[資格]][[證明]][[文件]] #* {{RQ:zlw-opl:StPPP|II|3839|1466|Pecunie sibi debuntur, ostendat aliquod jus al. *'''gistota[thy]''', quam super eandem domum habet|Pecunie sibi debuntur, ostendat aliquod jus al. '''jistotę[thy]''', quam super eandem domum habet|-}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|pl|istota}} * {{desc|szl|istota}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:pl:Boryś}} * {{R:pl:Mańczak}} * {{R:pl:Bańkowski}} * {{R:pl:Sławski}} * {{R:zlw-opl:SPJSP}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:istota|tree=+|text=+}} {{surf|pl|isty|-ota}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-#.ogg|mp=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|dim=istotka}} # {{lb|pl|可數}} [[生物]]{{gl|有生命的有機體}} # {{lb|pl|可數}} [[存在]]物{{gl|具有人類或動物特徵的虛構事物}} # {{lb|pl|不可數}} [[本質]]{{gl|事物最重要及最根本的部分}} #: {{syn|pl|ekstrakt|esencja|rdzeń|sól|substancja}} # {{lb|pl|不可數|書面}} [[實質]]，[[存在]]{{gl|構成某人或某物的總體特徵}} # {{lb|pl|不可數|棄用}} [[確信]]{{gl|信仰的確切性}} #: {{syn|pl|pewność}} # {{lb|pl|不可數|棄用|除固定短語外|醫學}} [[物質]]{{gl|構成身體的部分}} # {{lb|pl|可數|Middle Polish}} [[基礎]] #: {{syn|pl|fundament}} # {{lb|pl|不可數|Middle Polish}} [[安全]]，[[保證]]，[[擔保]]；[[可靠性]]；[[保護]] ## {{lb|pl|可數|Middle Polish}} 提供上述安全保證的[[文件]] ## {{lb|pl|可數|Middle Polish|law}} {{n-g|某種類型的[[保證]]或[[擔保]]}} # {{lb|pl|不可數|Middle Polish}} [[存在]] #: {{syn|pl|istnienie}} # {{lb|pl|可數|Middle Polish}} [[財產]]，[[地產]] #: {{syn|pl|majątek|mienie}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|istotny}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|istota biała|istota szara|istota rzeczy}} {{col|pl|title=助詞|w istocie|w istocie rzeczy}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=副詞|istotnie}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|istotność}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|zle-ort|истота|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP||12516}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} * {{R:pl:SXVI|+|55309}} * {{R:pl:SXVII|ISTOTA|9802|SPas|19.09.2008}} * {{R:pl:SJP1807}} * {{R:pl:SJP1861}} * {{R:pl:SJP1900||112|2}} {{C|pl|哲學}} 1jj2u1zn0xgk2v0qtd30zty5qlqlqoi 0 1610973 9890464 7880546 2026-09-08T10:33:09Z Jiba1219 110530 9890464 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{DEFAULTSORT:あもく}} {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=o,goon|あ|もく}} ===字源=== {{pre|sort=もく|ja|亜|目|tr1=a|t1=[[sub-]]|tr2=moku|t2=[[order]]}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あもく|acc=1}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あもく}} # {{lb|ja|分類學}} [[亞目]] sfqods81hkkilp7s4a2il8ybmrkfoa9 0 1633985 9890462 7986335 2026-09-08T10:08:07Z Jiba1219 110530 9890462 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|あ|えん|く|じゃく|せき|yomi=o2,goon,kan,kanon}} ===詞源=== 複合詞，源自 {{ja-compound|亜%鉛|あ%えん|孔%雀%石|く%じゃく%せき}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あえんくじゃくせき}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あえんくじゃくせき|hhira=あえんくじやくせき}} # {{lb|ja|mineral|sort=あえんくじゃくせき}} [[鋅孔雀石]]；[[斜方]][[綠銅鋅礦]] 5e3t14mih897gpwv6kn5a1x8cysntdt 0 1634138 9889970 7983417 2026-09-07T17:40:36Z TongcyDai 53191 9889970 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=朝鲜民主主义人民共和国|type=245}} {{zh-wp}} [[Image:Flag of North Korea.svg|200px|thumb|]] ===詞源=== {{obor|zh|ko|-}} {{m|ko|^조선민주주의인민공화국 (朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=Cháoxiǎn Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó,Cháoxiān Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó,2nb=臺灣 |c=ciu4 sin1 man4 zyu2 zyu2 ji6 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3,ziu1 sin1 man4 zyu2 zyu2 ji6 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3 |mn=qz:Tiâu-sián# Bîn-chú-chú-gī# Lîn-bîn# Kiōng-hô͘-kok/tp,xm:Tiâu-sián# Bîn-chú-chú-gī# Lîn-bîn# Kiōng-hô-kok/kh,zz:Tiâu-sián# Bîn-chú-chú-gī# Jîn-bîn# Kiōng-hô-kok |cat=pn }} ===專有名詞=== {{zh-proper noun}} # {{senseid|zh|Q423}}{{place|en|@official name of:朝鮮,北韓|國家|r/東亞}} ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|id=Q423|東亞國家}} * 南非语：{{t|af|Demokratiese Volksrepubliek van Korea|f}} * 阿尔巴尼亚语：{{t|sq|Republika Popullore Demokratike e Koresë}} * 阿姆哈拉语：{{t|am|የኮርያ ሕዝቦች ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ}} * 阿拉伯语：{{t|ar|جُمْهُورِيَّة كُورِيَا اَلدِّيمُقْرَاطِيَّة اَلشَّعْبِيَّة|f|tr=jumhūriyyat kōriyā d-dimuqrāṭiyya š-šaʿbiyya}} * 巴什基尔语：{{t|ba|Корея Халыҡ-Демократик Республикаһы}} * 巴伐利亚语：{{t|bar|Demokratische Volksrepublik Korea|f}} * 白俄罗斯语：{{t|be|Карэ́йская Наро́дна-Дэмакраты́чная Рэспу́бліка|f}} * 孟加拉语：{{t|bn|গণতান্ত্রিক গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী কোরিয়া}} * 保加利亚语：{{t|bg|Коре́йска наро́дно-демократи́чна репу́блика|f}}、{{t|bg|КНДР|f}} * 缅甸语：{{t|my|ကိုရီးယားဒီမိုကရက်တစ် ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ}} * 加泰罗尼亚语：{{t|ca|República Popular Democràtica de Corea|f}} * 捷克语：{{t+|cs|Korejská lidově demokratická republika|f}}、{{t+|cs|KLDR|f}} * 丹麦语：{{t|da|Den Demokratiske Folkerepublik Korea}} * 荷兰语：{{t|nl|Democratische Volksrepubliek Korea|f}} * 英語：{{t+|en|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}}、{{t+|en|DPRK}}、{{t+|en|DPR Korea}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 世界语：{{t|eo|Korea Demokratia Popola Respubliko}} * 爱沙尼亚语：{{t+|et|Korea Rahvademokraatlik Vabariik}}、{{t|et|Korea RDV}} {{qual|簡稱}}、{{t|et|KRDV}} {{qualifier|簡稱|罕用}} * 芬兰语：{{t+|fi|Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta}}、{{t|fi|KDKT}} {{qualifier|簡稱|罕用}} * 法语：{{t+|fr|République populaire démocratique de Corée|f}}、{{t+|fr|RPDC}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 格鲁吉亚语：{{t|ka|კორეის სახალხო დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა}} * 德语：{{t+|de|Demokratische Volksrepublik Korea|f}} * 希腊语：{{t|el|Λαοκρατική Δημοκρατία της Κορέας}} * 夏威夷语：{{t|haw|Lepupalika Kemokalaka ʻo Kōlea o nā Kānaka}} * 希伯来语：{{t|he|הרפובליקה הדמוקרטית העממית של קוריאה}} * 印地语：{{t|hi|कोरिया जनवादी लोकतांत्रिक गणराज्य|sc=Deva}} * 匈牙利语：{{t+|hu|Koreai Népi Demokratikus Köztársaság}} * 冰岛语：{{t|is|Alþýðulýðveldið Kórea}} * 爱尔兰语：{{t|ga|Daon-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach na Cóiré|f}} * 意大利语：{{t|it|Repubblica Democratica Popolare di Corea|f}} * 日语：{{t+|ja|朝鮮民主主義人民共和国|tr=Chōsen Minshushugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku}} * 卡片片甘语：{{t|pam|Demokratikung Pangmaldang Republika ning Korea}}、{{t|pam|Demokratikong Pangmadlang Republika ng Korea}} * 卡舒比语：{{t|csb|Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùblika|f}} * 哈萨克语：{{t|kk|Корей Халықтық-Демократиялық Республикасы}} * 高棉语：{{t|km|[[សាធារណរដ្ឋ]][[ប្រជា]][[មានិត]][[ប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ]][[កូរ៉េ]]|tr=saathiərĕəʼnaʼrŏət prɑciə miənɨt prɑciəthipaʼtay kouree}} * 朝鲜语：{{t+|ko|^조선민주주의인민공화국(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)}} * 拉蒂诺语： *: 希伯來文：{{t|lad|הרפובליקה פופולר דמוקראתיקה דה קוריאה|f}} *: 罗马字母：{{t|lad|Repuvlika Popular Demokratika de Korea|f}} * 老挝语：{{t|lo|ສາທາລະນະ​ລັດ ປະຊາທິປະ​ໄຕ ​ເກົາຫຼີ}} * 拉丁语：{{t|la|Res Publica Popularis Democratica Coreana|f}} * 拉脱维亚语：{{t|lv|Korejas Tautas Demokrātiskā Republika|f}} * 立陶宛语：{{t|lt|Korėjos Liaudies Demokratinė Respublika}} * 卢森堡语：{{t|lb|Demokratesch Volleksrepublik Korea}} * 马其顿语：{{t|mk|Демо́кратска На́родна Репу́блика Коре́ја|f}} * 马拉加斯语：{{t|mg|Repoblika demôkratika entim-bahoakan'i Kôrea}} * 马来语：{{t|ms|Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea}} * 马耳他语：{{t|mt|Repubblika Demokratika tal-Poplu tal-Korea}} * 马拉地语：{{t|mr|कोरियाचे जनतेचे लोकशाही प्रजासत्ताक}} * 蒙古语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|mn|Бүгд Найрамдах Ардчилсан Солонгос Ард Улс}}、{{t|mn|БНАСАУ}} * 纳瓦霍语：{{t|nv|Náhookǫsjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí}} * 尼泊尔语：{{t|ne|प्रजातान्त्रिक जनवादी गणतन्त्र कोरिया}} * 挪威语： *: 书面挪威语：{{t|nb|Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Korea|m}} *: 新挪威语：{{t|nb|Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Korea|m}} * 波兰语：{{t+|pl|Koreańska Republika Ludowo-Demokratyczna|f}}、{{t+|pl|KRLD|f}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 葡萄牙语：{{t|pt|República Democrática Popular da Coreia|f}} * 罗马尼亚语：{{t|ro|Republica Populară Democratică a Coreei|f}} * 俄语：{{t+|ru|Коре́йская Наро́дно-Демократи́ческая Респу́блика|f}}、{{t+|ru|КНДР|f}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 低地苏格兰语：{{t|sco|Democratic Fowkrepublic o Korea}} * 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语： *: 西里尔字母：{{t|sh|Демо̀кратска̄ На́родна̄ Репу̀блика Коре́ја|f}} *: 罗马字母：{{t|sh|Demòkratskā Národnā Repùblika Koréja|f}} * 西里西亞語：{{t|szl|Koryjańsko Republika Ludowo-Dymokratyczno|f}}、{{t|szl|KRLD|f}} * 僧伽罗语：{{t|si|කොරියානු ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී මහජන ජනරජය}} * 斯洛伐克语：{{t|sk|Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika|f}} * 斯洛文尼亚语：{{t|sl|Demokrátična ljúdska repúblika Korêja|f}} * 索布语： *: 下索布语：{{t|dsb|Korejska ludowo-demokratiska republika|f}} *: 上索布语：{{t|hsb|Korejska ludowa demokratiska republika|f}} * 西班牙语：{{t|es|República Popular Democrática de Corea|f}}、{{t|es|RPDC|f}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 斯瓦希里语：{{t|sw|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea}} * 瑞典语：{{t|sv|Demokratiska Folkrepubliken Korea|c}} * 他加禄语：{{t|tl|Demokratikong Republikang Popular ng Korea}} * 泰米尔语：{{t|ta|கொரியா ஜனநாயக மக்கள் குடியரசு}} * 泰语：{{t|th|[[สาธารณรัฐ]][[ประชาธิปไตย]][[ประชาชน]][[เกาหลี]]|tr=sǎa-taa-rá-ná-rát bprà-chaa-tí-bpà-dtai bprà-chaa-chon gao-lǐi}} * 乌克兰语：{{t|uk|Коре́йська Наро́дно-Демократи́чна Респу́бліка|f}} * 乌尔都语：{{t|ur|جمہوری عوامی جمہوریہ کوریا}} * 乌兹别克语：{{t|uz|Koreya Xalq Demokratik Respublikasi}} * 越南语：{{t+|vi|Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên}}、{{t+|vi|CHDCND Triều Tiên}} {{qual|簡稱}} * 威尔士语：{{t|cy|Gweriniaeth Pobl Ddemocrataidd Corea}} * 意第绪语：{{t|yi|דעמאָקראַטישע מענטשנ'ס רעפּובליק פֿון קאָרעע|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{c|zh|北韓|亞洲國家}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ちょう|せん|みん|しゅ|しゅ|ぎ|じん|みん|きょう|わ|こく|yomi=kanon2,goon,kanon4,goon,kanon,goon,o}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|ちょうせんみんしゅしゅぎじんみんきょうわこく}} # {{ja-kyujitai spelling of|朝鮮民主主義人民共和国}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===專有名詞=== {{ko-propn|hangeul=조선민주주의인민공화국}} # {{hanja form of|조선민주주의인민공화국|}} jkjxv1u82fy6z9qrkc4b6td0tk42k4j 0 1685805 9890432 8342771 2026-09-08T08:27:07Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890432 wikitext text/x-wiki ==泰語== ===替代形式=== * {{qualifier|廢棄}} {{l|th|กาลำ}} ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|th|hnm|芥藍|tr=gai6 lam2}}或借自{{bor|th|fa|کلم|tr=kalam}}<ref>Jimmy G. Harris (1986). “[https://web.archive.org/web/20210121193523/https://www.culi.chula.ac.th/publicationsonline/files/article/YQ5l8rZJeQThu44425.pdf The Persian Connection: Four Loanwords in Siamese]”. ''PASAA'', Vol. XVI, No. 1.</ref>。{{doublet|th|คะน้า}}。 ===發音=== {{th-pron|กะ-หฺล่ำ}} ===名詞=== {{th-noun}} # [[甘藍]]，一類[[十字花科]][[植物]] ====派生詞彙==== * {{sense|[[抱子甘藍]]}} {{th-l|กะหล่ำดาว}}, {{th-l|กะหล่ำหัวลำต้น}} * {{sense|[[高麗菜]]}} {{th-l|กะหล่ำใบ}}, {{th-l|กะหล่ำปลี}} * {{sense|[[花椰菜]]}} {{th-l|กะหล่ำดอก}}, {{th-l|กะหล่ำต้น}} * {{sense|[[苤藍]]}} {{th-l|กะหล่ำปม}} ===參考資料=== <references/> dqnq1btz5la0ruhkj8a58s3iyibt52m 0 1685806 9890433 8342772 2026-09-08T08:27:11Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890433 wikitext text/x-wiki ==泰語== [[File:QingQilin.jpg|thumb|一座麒麟的雕像]] ===替代形式=== * {{qualifier|廢棄}} {{l|th|กีเลน}} ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|th|hnm|麒麟|tr=hi2 lin2}}。 ===發音=== {{th-pron|กิ-เลน}} ===名詞=== {{th-noun}} # [[麒麟]] h4gn18kpmtfuwn9zb4fjk8cpu6439ao 0 1685820 9890434 8342773 2026-09-08T08:27:16Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890434 wikitext text/x-wiki ==泰語== ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|th|hnm|玩|tr=nguan5}}。對照{{cog|vi|ngoạn}}。 ===發音=== {{th-pron}} ===副詞=== {{th-adv|-}} # [[忙著]]、[[專心]]於 2obh3k6rclxahhhovrkfo3il0kypnhu 0 1685822 9890435 8342774 2026-09-08T08:27:20Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890435 wikitext text/x-wiki ==泰語== [[File:Chan-ap - 2016-08-14 - 001.jpg|thumb|在曼谷出售的 จันอับ]] ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|th|hnm|餞盒|tr=zin3 ab8}}。 ===發音=== {{th-pron|จัน-อับ}} ===名詞=== {{th-noun}} # 傳統上在宗教場合食用的中國[[甜食]]，包括 {{th-l|ข้าวพอง}}、{{th-l|ขี้แมว}}、{{th-l|งาตัด}}、{{th-l|ถั่วตัด}} 等等。 0r65txnqmyw4rne954mwcvhjqbcz4n1 0 1744865 9889892 7048234 2026-09-07T12:13:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9889892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info|ﯬ}} {{character info|ﯭ}} ==維吾爾語== ===發音=== * {{sense|字母名稱}} {{IPA|ug|/ɛ/}} * {{sense|音素}} {{IPA|ug|/ɛ/}} ===字母=== {{letter|ug}} # {{Arab-def|ug|字母|2|prec=ئا|foll=ب}} ====形式==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! 詞尾2 !! 詞尾1 !! 獨立 !! 詞首 |- style="font-size:300%; text-align:center; line-height:100%; font-family: Scheherazade, Lateef, 'Times New Roman';" | ـئە || ـە || ە || ئە |} ====用法說明==== * 在{{w|傳統維文}}中，如果單詞以元音開頭，則元音字母前總會加上一個[[海姆宰]]，如 {{l|ug|ئېغىز}}。若兩個元音之間沒有輔音時，它們之間也會以海姆宰隔開，如 {{l|ug|سائەت}}。 nsc1l1va8ufwarjq6pccum93stf11gf 828 1757142 9889993 7464551 2026-09-07T21:16:07Z Cewbot 61744 [[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration|同步通用頁面]]: [[w:zh:Module:Error/doc]] [[w:zh:Special:PermanentLink/94122292|2026-08-31]] (輔助理解用的模板說明文件) 9889993 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><!-- 本頁面複製自[[w:zh:Module:Error/doc]]，由機器人定期更新。請直接編輯原維基項目頁面，或自設定頁面[[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration]]去除本頁面之後再編輯。 --></noinclude>{{Module rating|release}}{{Module rating|protected}}{{high-use|86549}} 本模块用于生成class属性为error的错误提示，可用于{{tl|error}}，用法详见模板说明。 c69t0yayuakjm65impexzs5t0iav49m 0 1784553 9890029 9486140 2026-09-08T06:33:16Z Sayonzei 40728 9890029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Woźniak}} ==英語== ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|en|pl|Woźniak}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun|Wozniaks}} # {{surname|en|from=波蘭語}} ===統計數據=== * 根据2010年美国的统计，姓氏 ''Wozniak'' 的使用人数在美国位列第4156，共有8526人使用，其中白人（96.27%）最多。 ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:en:DAFN}} ==葡萄牙語== ===詞源=== 借自{{bor|pt|pl|Woźniak}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{pt-proper noun|mfbysense}} # {{surname|pt|from=波蘭語}} 0efdgheu0s6fjd11rt7gcrdrdif32z6 0 1796479 9890385 7111743 2026-09-08T08:22:23Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890385 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|aperiō}} ===動詞=== {{la-verb|4|aperiō|aperu|apert}} # 打開，揭開 # 展示，證明 # 解釋 ====屈折==== {{la-conj|4|aperiō|aperu|apert}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|la|operiō}} ====派生詞語==== {{col4|la |apertibilis |apertiō |apertīvus |apertō |apertor |apertūra |apertus |aprīcus |adaperiō |exaperiō |interaperiō |subaperiō}} ====派生语汇==== * {{desc|rup|apir|alts=1}}, {{desc|rup|apiriri|nolb=1}} * 高卢-意大利语 ** {{desc|lmo|dervì|der=1}} ** {{desc|pms|deurbe|der=1}} * 意大利-达尔马提亚语 ** {{desc|dlm|aprer|alts=1}} ** {{desc|it|aprire}} ** {{desc|nap|arapì|alts=1}} ** {{desc|scn|ràpiri}} * 雷托-罗曼语 ** {{desc|fur|avierzi|alts=1}}, {{desc|fur|vierzi|alts=1|nolb=1}} ** {{desc|rm|avrir|alts=1}}, {{l|rm|earver}}, {{l|rm|rivir}} ** {{desc|rm|duvrir|der=1}}, {{l|rm|darveir}}, {{l|rm|drivir}} * {{desc|sc|abbèrrere}}, {{desc|sc|abèrriri|nolb=1}}, {{desc|sc|apèrrere|nolb=1}} * {{desc|vec|vèrzar|alts=1}} * {{desc|VL.|*operīre}} {{qual|< {{m|la|aperīre|pos=現在时主動不定式}}}} ** {{desc|frp|uvrir}} ** {{desctree|fro|ovrir}} ** {{desc|pro|obrir}}, {{desc|pro|ubrir|nolb=1}} *** {{desc|ca|obrir}} *** {{desc|oc|-}} ***: {{desc|oc-gas|aubrir}}, {{l|oc|obrir}}, {{l|oc|orbir}} ***: {{desc|oc-lan|obrir}}, {{l|oc|ubrir}} *** {{desc|oc|-|der=1}} {{qual|前加''d-''}} ***: {{desc|oc-gas|daubrir}}, {{l|oc|draubir}} ***:: {{desc|oc-ara|daurir}} ***: {{desc|oc-lan|durbir}} ***: {{desc|oc-lim|deibrir}}, {{l|oc|dreibir}}, {{l|oc|drubir}}, {{l|oc|dubrir}} ***: {{desc|oc-pro|drubir}}, {{l|oc|durbir}} ** 西伊比利亚语 *** {{desc|an|ubrir}} *** {{desc|ast|abrir}} *** {{desctree|roa-opt|abrir}} *** {{desc|es|abrir}} {{cln|la|含有前綴ab-的詞}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:Francese}} 9wqykkrxwujno2l9bywqmorkgl7rrzd 0 1881335 9890485 8307315 2026-09-08T11:30:13Z TongcyDai 53191 /* 詞源2 */ 9890485 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=猫娘}} ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{zh-pron |mn=qz,xm:niau-niû |mn-t=ngiou1 niê5/ngiao1 nio5 |mn-t_note=ngiou1 niê5 - 潮州; ngiao1 nio5 - 汕頭、澄海、揭陽 |cat=n }} ====名詞==== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|潮州話|在|_|泉州話|&|廈門話|_|過時}} [[母貓]] =====近義詞===== {{zh-dial|母貓}} ===詞源2=== {{zh-wp|zh:貓人}} {{obor|zh|ja|-}} {{ja-r|猫娘|ねこむすめ}}。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=māoniáng |c=maau1 noeng4 |cat=n }} ====名詞==== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|新詞|ACG}} 哺乳動物[[貓]]的[[女性]][[擬人]]化，亦可視為具有貓的特徵、行為的[[亞人]]。最主要的辨識特徵有貓[[耳]]、貓[[尾]]等。 ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|有貓特徵的亞人}} * 英語：{{t+|en|katulino}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|katulino}} * 芬蘭語：{{t|fi|kissatyttö}} * 法語：{{t|fr|fille-chat|f}} * 德語：{{t|de|Katzenmädchen|n}} * 匈牙利語：{{t|hu|macskalány|s}}、{{t|hu|cicalány|s}} * 日語：{{t|ja|猫娘|tr=nekomusume}}、{{t+|ja|猫耳|tr=nekomimi}} {{qualifier|轉喻}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|고양이귀}} * 波蘭語：{{t|pl|dziewczyna-kot|f}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t|pt|catgirl|f}} * 俄語：{{t|ru|девушка-кошка|f}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|neko|mfbysense}}、{{t|es|chica gata|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{C|zh|日本虛構作品}} ccnrmrufklgtb5cn1f70e8vv6z9bm8c 10 1892334 9889980 7237447 2026-09-07T20:13:42Z Xiplus 25402 已保护“[[Template:Alt form of]]”：​高風險模板：501引用​（[编辑权限=仅允许自动确认用户]（无限期）​[移动权限=仅允许自动确认用户]（无限期）） 7237447 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Template:alternative form of]] 6c3v0txa1bxuumqi7p8yuu7yg9cfboa 0 1908609 9889965 8749233 2026-09-07T17:32:12Z TongcyDai 53191 9889965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ość|osc|OSC|-osc|-ość|-ôsc}} ==古波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|zlw-opl|id=-ness|:inh|sla-pro:*-ostь<id:性質|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{zlw-opl-IPA}} ===後綴=== {{head|zlw-opl|後綴|g=f}} # {{non-gloss definition|置於形容詞後，組成表示抽象概念（尤其是感覺）的名詞。}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|zlw-opl}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|pl|-ość}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|id=-ness|:inh|zlw-opl:-ość<id:-ness>|text=+|tree=1}} {{dbt|pl|-oza}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf--ość.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-KaMan--ość.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Gower--ość.wav|hh=ość|mp=#}} ===後綴=== {{head|pl|後綴|g=f|指小|[[-ka|-ostka]]}} # {{non-gloss definition|置於形容詞後，組成表示抽象概念（尤其是感覺）的名詞。}} #: {{suffixusex|pl|dostępny|dostępność}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|pl}} ====參見==== * {{l|pl|-ota}}、{{l|pl|-stwo}} kmpo58q6jome8wyka2pvpdu8rksttxh 0 1915201 9890439 7271018 2026-09-08T08:33:39Z Sayonzei 40728 /* 詞源 */ 9890439 wikitext text/x-wiki ==奧塞梯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|os|xln|}}，{{inh+|os|xsc-sar-pro|}}，{{inh+|os|ira-pro|*kŕ̥miš}}（對照{{cog|ae-yng|𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬃‎}}、{{cog|fa|کرم|tr=kerm||蠕蟲}}），{{inh+|os|iir-pro|*kŕ̥miš}}（對照{{cog|sa|कृमि|tr=kṛ́mi|t=蠕蟲}}），{{inh+|os|ine-pro|*kʷŕ̥mis}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|os|名詞|tr=kalm}} # [[蛇]] # [[蠕蟲]] {{c|os|蛇|蠕蟲}} kss59osrcgmsizhm6fo9abnp3cvulg1 0 1989396 9890423 9860314 2026-09-08T08:26:04Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|tálio}} ==世界语== {{wikipedia|lang=eo}} ===发音=== {{eo-pr|a=LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-talio.wav}} ===词源 1=== 借自{{bor|eo|pl|talia}}、{{bor|eo|fr|taille}} 等。 ====名词==== {{eo-head}} # {{lb|eo|解剖学}} [[腰]] ===词源 2=== {{elements|lang=eo|Tl|hidrargo|Hg|plumbo|Pb}} ====名词==== {{eo-head}} # [[鉈]] #: {{syn|eo|taliumo}} {{Universala Vortaro}} ==加利西亚语== {{wikipedia|lang=gl}} {{elements|lang=gl|Tl|mercurio|Hg|chumbo|Pb}} ===名词=== {{gl-noun|m|-}} # [[鉈]] ==伊多語== {{wikipedia|lang=io}} {{elements|lang=io|Tl|merkurio|Hg|plombo|Pb}} ===发音=== {{io-IPA}} ===名词=== {{io-noun|-}} # [[鉈]] ==拉丁语== ===词源 1=== 源自{{m|la|tālis}}。 ====名词==== {{la-noun|tāliō<3>|g=f}} # 對[[傷害]]的[[同等]][[懲罰]]；[[同態]][[復仇]] =====变格===== {{la-ndecl|tāliō<3>}} =====派生語彙===== * {{desc|fr|talion|bor=1}} ** {{desc|en|talion|bor=1}} * {{desc|it|taglione|bor=1|unc=1}} * {{desc|oc|talion|bor=1}} * {{desc|pt|talião|bor=1}} ===词源 2=== 見於晚期拉丁語及通俗拉丁語。源自{{suffix|la|talea|ō}}。 ====其他形式==== * {{l|la|taleō}} ====动词==== {{la-verb|1+|taliō}} # [[切]]，[[割]] # [[修剪]][[樹枝]] =====變位===== {{la-conj|1+|taliō}} =====衍生词汇===== * {{l|la|intertaliō}} * {{l|la|taliatura}} =====派生語彙===== {{top2}} * 東羅曼語支 ** {{desc|rup|talj|taljari|alts=1}} ** {{desc|ruq|taľ|taľare}} ** {{desc|ro|tăia}} * 意大利-達爾馬提亞語支 ** {{desc|dlm|taljur}} ** {{desc|ist|talgià}} ** {{desctree|it|tagliare}} ** {{desc|scn|tagghiari}} * {{desctree|fro|taillier}} * 高盧-意大利語支 ** {{desc|egl|tajär}} ** {{desc|lij|tagiâ}} ** {{desc|lmo|tajâ}} ** {{desc|pms|tajé}} * {{desc|pro}} ** {{desc|ca|tallar}} ** {{desc|oc|talhar}} **: {{desc|oc-pro|talhar}} * {{desc|pms|tajé}} * 萊托-羅曼語支 ** {{desc|fur|taiâ}} ** {{desc|rm|tagliar|taglier|tagler}} * {{desc|vec|tajar}} * 西伊比利亞語支 ** {{desc|ast|tallar|tayar}} ** {{desc|roa-opt|tallar}} *** {{desc|gl|tallar}} *** {{desc|pt|talhar}} ** {{desc|es|tajar}} {{bottom}} ===参考资料=== * {{R:la:L&S}} * {{R:la:du Cange}} * {{R:la:du Cange|taliare}} * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} * {{R:Smith's Antiquities}} ==波兰语== ===发音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名词=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|pl|talia||voc|s}} ==西班牙语== {{elements|lang=es|Tl|mercurio|Hg|plomo|Pb}} ===词源=== 源自{{der|es|grc|θαλλός||綠色的嫩芽}} {{suffix|es||io}}，指其綠色的發射光譜線。 ===发音=== {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-talio.wav>}} * {{audio|es|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-talio.wav|音频}} ===名词=== {{es-noun|m|-}} # [[鉈]] ====相关词汇==== * {{l|es|tallo}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} * {{pedia|lang=es}} 91ko5ia3jj2qtwxf3wmk9zqonr49uee 0 2063735 9889987 7459009 2026-09-07T20:50:11Z Jiba1219 110530 9889987 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{DEFAULTSORT:みなみあじあごぞく}} {{ja-kanjitab|みなみ|ご|yomi=k,goon2|ぞく|sort=みなみあじあごぞく}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|南アジア|^みなみ ^アジア|語%族|ご%ぞく|t1=[[南亞]]|t2=[[語系]]，[[語族]]}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|^みなみ ^アジア ごぞく}} # {{synonym of|ja|オーストロアジア語族|t=南亞語系}} {{c|ja|語言}} r6uih32rywmuyfisv2bevyqxv9f2hy9 2 2129326 9890084 9889513 2026-09-08T06:50:30Z Sayonzei 40728 9890084 wikitext text/x-wiki 精製鳥飼料：[[User:KotoriBot]] ==列表== ===法語=== *一個-er結尾的第一類法語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''40'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|fr|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|fr|retransmigrer|redésentrelacer|retransfigurer|réobséder|désobséder|désamocher|réamocher|rebuissonner|débuissonner|recolmater|décolmater|désaffréter|redélester|réindividuer|recharrier|recémenter|décémenter|réabsolutiser|désabsolutiser|désacadémiser|désaccastiller|réaccompagner|désaccompagner|réagrémenter|désagrémenter|désalambiquer|désanalphabétiser|désanathématiser|réapostropher|réajourner|désajourner|redétremper|redogmatiser|dédogmatiser|réextirper|réintituler|resolutionner|resouscrire|resulfater|désulfater|réagenouiller|désagenouiller|débouillir|désaccomplir|réaccomplir|réaccoutrer|hâbler}}--> ===加泰=== *一個-ar結尾的普通加泰羅尼亞語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''44'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|ca|}} ===葡加利=== *一個-ar結尾的普通葡萄牙語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''53'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|pt|}}<!--明日：--> ===西=== *一個-ar結尾的普通西班牙語動詞（連同本體、不含合詞）理論上可產出'''58'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|es|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|es|}}--> ===德語=== :{{col3|de|}} ===拉丁語=== :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> ===意大利語=== :{{col3|it|destruggere|diseccitare|disaffezionare|disancorare|disattivare|disattrezzare|disastrare|disincantare}}<!--明日：--> ===俄語=== :{{col3|ru|}} :{{col3|ru|}} 31pz8d4oumz6y1tc8ndtxoag91igca3 0 2136909 9890398 7559272 2026-09-08T08:23:34Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890398 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|fr|escofier||阿登}} ===詞源=== 源自{{uder|fr|oc-pro|escoufia}}，可能源自{{uder|fr|LL.|cofia}}（有“斬首”之義），借自{{uder|fr|gem|-}}；參見 [[coif]]。 ===發音=== * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-escoffier.wav|音頻}} ===動詞=== {{fr-verb}} # {{lb|fr|古舊}} [[殺]] ====變位==== {{fr-conj-auto}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|死亡}} p6r724mdu10ku5v1eim9dj2idi89o97 0 2150605 9890414 8461138 2026-09-08T08:25:07Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890414 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{root|it|ine-pro|*peys-}} {{inh+|it|VL.|*pīnsiō|*pīnsiāre}}，{{der+|it|la-cla|pīnsus}}，{{m|la|pīnsō||擊打}} 的完成被動分詞。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|pigiàre|piʒàre<pre:{{a|it|Tuscan gorgia}}>}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ì-}} {{tlb|it|及物}} # [[按]] # [[踩]]（葡萄） ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ì-}} ====派生詞彙==== {{der4|it |pigiamento |pigiata |pigiato |pigiatore |pigiatrice |pigiatura |pigino |pigio }} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aegiipr|Piegari|pigerai|pregiai|ripiega}} c1wwh8jqk4eisy138y3ccm0nob5kb5k 0 2163859 9890401 7625881 2026-09-08T08:24:01Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Identität}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|ca|VL.|identitas|identitātem}}，源自{{der|ca|la-cla|idem||相同的}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ca|at|s=4}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|f}} # [[身份]] #: {{quote|ca|un grup selecte de poetes que pretengueren defensar la pròpia '''identitat''' {{...}}|一群自称捍卫自己'''身份'''的诗人{{...}}}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} * {{R:ca:DCVB}} {{C|ca|執法}} ==奧克語== ===發音=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-identitat.wav|音頻}} ===名詞=== {{oc-noun|f}} # [[身份]] ====相關詞彙==== {{rel3|oc |identificar }} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:DGLO|340}} {{c|oc|執法}} juhn9rhjlh6saxt57ledn60ncscemgv 0 2172753 9890430 9853692 2026-09-08T08:26:57Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890430 wikitext text/x-wiki ==標話== ===動詞=== {{head|byk|動詞}} # {{lb|byk|詩洞}} [[拿]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:map:ABVD|lang=Biao (Shidong)|id=751}} ==臨高語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|onb|qfa-onb-pro|*ȵaːmᴬ¹||玩}}。 ===發音=== * {{onb-pron|Lincheng=y|Bolian=y|Huangtong=y}} ===動詞=== {{head|onb|動詞}} # [[玩]]，[[弄]] # 從事[[體育]]或[[娛樂]]活動 ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|hnm|bor=1|unc=1|-}} {{zh-l|弄|tr=-}} f7f6qaijc58l1ehvbmovzxbmev17ztt 0 2173309 9890403 8342504 2026-09-08T08:24:15Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890403 wikitext text/x-wiki ==臨高語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|onb|hnm|-}} {{zh-l|假|tr=-}}。 ===發音=== * {{onb-pron|Lincheng=y|Bolian=y|Dongying=y}} ===形容詞=== {{head|onb|形容詞}} # [[假]]的 ivlzpiprq6r4nj8z6ty8a727ymslz4i 0 2199927 9890399 8011033 2026-09-08T08:23:46Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890399 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|ca|espantar||標準|非古舊}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|ca|VL.|*expaventō|*expaventāre}}，派生自{{inh|ca|la-cla|expaveō}} 的現在主動分詞，源自 {{m|la|pavor|t=恐懼}}。對照{{cog|fr|épouvanter}}、{{cog|it|spaventare}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ca|a(ɾ)|s=4}} ===動詞=== {{ca-verb}} # {{lb|ca|古舊}} [[嚇唬]] # {{lb|ca|古舊}} [[嚇跑]] ====變位==== {{ca-conj}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|ca|espaventar-se}} ==奧克語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|oc|espantar}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|oc|VL.|*expaventāre}}，{{m|la|*expaventō}} 的現在主動不定式，派生自古典{{inh|oc|la|expaveō}} 的現在主動分詞，源自 {{m|la|pavor|t=恐懼}}。對照{{cog|fr|épouvanter}}、{{cog|it|spaventare}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-espaventar.wav|音頻 (貝亞恩)}} ===動詞=== {{oc-verb|espavent|ar}} # [[嚇唬]]；[[恐嚇]] #: {{syn|oc|esglasiar}} ====變位==== {{oc-conj-ar|espavent}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|oc|paur}} sj3dsbyd1ukk86dcj1fbdtzdv0uqv2a 0 2203375 9889909 9605370 2026-09-07T12:53:28Z TongcyDai 53191 9889909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|دنیا}} ==阿拉伯語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|ar|id=世界|أَدْنَى<id:較近>|tree=1|title=دُنْيَا}} 源自詞根{{ar-root|د ن و}}或{{ar-root|د ن ي}}。{{m|ar|أَدْنَى||下部的，低處的}}的陰性絕對最高級。{{m|ar|دُنيَا||世界}}本義可能為“下部，低處”（與天堂相對）；對比{{cog|en|here below}}。 ===發音=== * {{ar-pr|دُنْيَا}} ===形容詞=== {{ar-adj-fem|دُنْيَا}} # {{feminine singular of|ar|أَدْنَى||下部的，低處的}} ===名詞=== {{ar-noun|دُنْيَا|f|d=دُنْيَيَان|pl=دُنًا|pl2=دُنًى|pl3=دُنْيَيَات}} # [[今世]] #* {{RQ:Qur’an|3|145|passage=وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ '''ٱلدُّنْيَا''' نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا وَمَن يُرِدْ ثَوَابَ ٱلْآخِرَةِ نُؤْتِهِ مِنْهَا{{nbsp}}ۚ وَسَنَجْزِي ٱلشَّاكِرِينَ|subst=مِنْهَا{{nbsp}}ۚ/مِنْهَا|t=誰想獲得'''今世的'''報酬，我給誰'''今世的'''報酬；誰想獲得後世的報酬，我給誰後世的報酬。我將報酬感謝的人。}} # [[世界]]；[[塵世]] ====變格==== {{ar-decl-noun|دُنْيَا|pl=دُنًا|pl2=دُنًى|pl3=دُنْيَيَات}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|ar|آخِرة}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|ar|دُنْيَوِيّ}} ====派生語彙==== {{top2}} * {{desc|afb|دنيا|tr=dinya}} * {{desc|acw|دُنيا|tr=dunya}} * {{desc|mt|dinja}} * {{desc|ary|دنيا|tr=dunya, dinya}} * {{desc|apc|دني|tr=dini|alts=1}} * {{desc|fa-cls|دنیا|tr=dunyā|bor=1}} {{see desc}} * {{desc|dbq|dúnyà|bor=1}} * {{desc|btx|doni|bor=1}} * {{desc|ha|duniya|bor=1}} * {{desc|id|dunia|bor=1}} * {{desc|jv|donya|bor=1}} * {{desc|kab|ddunit|bor=1}} * {{desc|lki|دنیا|bor=1}} * {{desc|ms|dunia|bor=1}} * {{desc|min|dunia|bor=1}} * {{desc|kmr|dinya|bor=1}} * {{desc|ota|دنیا|tr=dunyā|ts=dünya|bor=1}} {{see desc}} * {{desc|sas|dunie|bor=1}} * {{desc|so|dunida|bor=1}} * {{desc|su|dunya|bor=1}} * {{desc|sw|dunia|bor=1}} * {{desc|shi|ddunit|bor=1}} * {{desc|yo|duniyan|bor=1}} {{bottom}} ;來自{{m|ar||الدُّنْيَا}}： {{top2}} * {{desc|aa|addunyá|bor=1}} * {{desc|om|addunyaa|bor=1}} * {{desc|ssy|udduuniya|bor=1}} * {{desc|so|addúun|bor=1}} {{bottom}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ar:Wehr-4|دنو}} ==保加爾語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|xbo|ar|دُنْيَا}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|xbo|名詞|tr=dönyā}} # {{lb|xbo|伏爾加保加爾語}} [[世界]] ===參考資料=== * ''New Volga Bulgarian Inscriptions F. S. Hakimjanov, page 174'' [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23657681?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A693603d927bf1da41b4df01181d0a37b&seq=9#page_scan_tab_contents] ==古吉拉特語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|gu|fa-cls|دنیا|tr=dunyā}}，源自{{der|gu|ar|دُنْيَا}}，或直接源自阿拉伯語 ===名詞=== {{gu-noun|g=f|tr=dunyā|mgu=દુનિયા}} {{lb|gu|Lisan ud-Dawat}} # [[世界]]，[[宇宙]] ==摩洛哥阿拉伯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ary|ar|دُنْيَا}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ary|/dun.ja/|/din.ja/}} * {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Fenakhay-دنيا.wav|音頻}} ===名詞=== {{ary-noun|g=f|head=دُنيا|tr=dunya|head2=دِنيا|tr2=dinya|pl=دُنيات|pltr=dunyāt|pl2=دِنيات|pl2tr=dinyāt}} # [[世界]] #: {{syn|ary|عالم|tr=ʕālam}} #: {{ux|ary|هاد الراجل هو أسرع واحد فهاد الدنيا|tr=hād er-rājel huwwa ʔasraʕ wāḥed f-hād ed-dunya|t=这个人是'''世界'''上跑得最快的人。}} # 用於指代天氣或狀況。 #: {{uxi|ary|الدنيا مغيمة غدا|tr=ed-dunya mḡayyma ḡadda|t=明天多雲。}} #: {{uxi|ary|الدنيا عامرة اليوم فهاد المحال|tr=ed-dunya ʕāmra f-hād el-maḥāl|t=這家商店今天很擁擠。}} ==南黎凡特阿拉伯語== {{ajp-root|د ن و}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|ajp|ar|دُنْيَا}}。等價於{{m|ajp|أدنى|tr=ʔadna|t=低處的，下部的}}的陰性絕對最高級。 ===發音=== * {{ajp-IPA|dinya<p:ˈdɪn.ja>}} * {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-دنيا.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}} ===名詞=== {{ajp-noun|g=f|tr=dinya}} # [[世界]] #: {{syn|ajp|عالم|tr=ʕālam}} # [[今世]]（與後世相對） #: {{ant|ajp|آخرة|tr=ʔāḵre}} # 用於指代天氣或狀況。 ====用法說明==== * 描述天氣時，{{l-self|ajp|[[دنيا|الدنيا]]|tr=id-dinya}}後接名詞而非形容詞。 *: {{ux|ajp|[[دنيا|الدنيا]] [[شوب]].|tr='''id-dinya''' šōb.|t=（外面）好熱。|lit='''世界'''好熱。}} * 使用動詞時可以省略{{l-self|ajp|[[دنيا|الدنيا]]|tr=id-dinya}}，但動詞保持第三人稱陰性單數形式。 *: {{ux|ajp|([[دنيا|الدنيا]]) [[عم]] [[شتى|بتشتي]].|tr=('''id-dinya''') ʕam bitšatti.|t=外面在下雨。}} {{c|ajp|宗教|天氣}} 5lh7yokln82l9upag6agw7jn6n4b39y 0 2203379 9889906 7824930 2026-09-07T12:51:37Z TongcyDai 53191 9889906 wikitext text/x-wiki ==卡拜爾語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|kab|ddunnit}} ===詞源=== 源自{{bor|kab|ar|دُنْيَا}}的早期借詞。{{dbt|kab|ddenya}}。 ===發音=== * {{kab-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{kab-noun|f|pl=-}} # [[世界]]，[[地球]] #: {{syn|kab|ddenya|amaḍal}} # [[凡世]]，[[塵世]]；此生的[[生活]] #: {{syn|kab|ddenya}} #: {{ant|kab|laxert}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:kab:Amawal}} * {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}} ==里菲安語== ===名詞=== {{rif-noun|f|pl=-}} # {{alt form|rif|ddunect}} ==施盧赫語== ===詞源=== {{ety|shi|:inh|shi-med:الدّونيت<tr:eddunit>|tree=+|text=:ar}} ===發音=== * {{shi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{shi-noun|f|pl=-}} # [[塵世]]，我們[[現在]][[生活]]的[[世界]]（與[[天堂]]或[[來生]]相對） #: {{ant|shi|lixrt}} #: {{uxa|shi|ايمّيم وايدا ن الدّونيت، ميش يوالاتيد [[alili|وليلي]]، نغ يرا الرّوح ا يفّوغ، آوينك س لقبرِ.|tr=immim wayda n ddunit, mic iwala t id-i ulili, nɣ ira rruḥ a iffuɣ, awin k s lqbr-i.|這世界上的財物是甜蜜的，但它們留下了夾竹桃的味道；因為靈魂必須離開這個較低的世界，然後你被抬到你的墳墓。}} # 世間的[[物品]] ====屈折==== {{shi-infl-noun|ddunit}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|shi |bu ddunit<t:富人> |ḥubbu ddunit<t:物質主義的> }} ===參見=== {{col|shi |tudrt<t:生活> }} ===參考資料=== * {{R:shi:DBTF|I|page=705a}} 5mkksmsvdnec2uy8wkfqtlxqrr2mt3o 0 2230798 9889989 7861357 2026-09-07T20:51:09Z Jiba1219 110530 9889989 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|あ|うん|こ|きゅう|yomi=o3,kanon}} ===读音=== {{ja-pron|あうん の こきゅう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}} ===短语=== {{ja-pos|phrase|あうん の こきゅう}} # {{lb|ja|idiomatic}} [[心有灵犀]]，[[心心相印]] ====同义词==== * {{ja-r|阿%吽%之%息|あ%うん%の%いき}} * {{ja-r|以%心%伝%心|い%しん%でん%しん}} ===参考文献=== <references/> nq5o74x6radqb9w8v919tnazag9rxp2 0 2250176 9889904 9508582 2026-09-07T12:31:17Z TongcyDai 53191 9889904 wikitext text/x-wiki ==旁遮普語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|pa|fa-cls|شاباش|tr=šābāš}}，源自{{m|fa|شاد|tr=šād||快樂的}} + {{m|fa|باش|tr=bāš||是|pos=命令式}}。對照{{cog|hi|शाबाश}}、{{cog|gu|શાબાશ}}、{{cog|bn|শাবাশ}}、{{cog|mr|शाबास}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|pa|/ʃäː.bäːʃᵊ/|a=}} ===感嘆詞=== {{pa-head|intj|sha=شاباش}} # [[好樣的]] #: {{syn|pa|ਵਾਹਵਾ|ਬੱਲੇ|ਅਸ਼ਕੇ|ਮਰਹਬਾ}} ===名詞=== {{pa-noun|f|sha=شاباش}} # [[讚揚]]，[[鼓勵]]，[[認可]] #: {{syn|pa|ਵਾਹਵਾ}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pa:Punjabi University}} i3azs14ki6hxufxvnv2soc9y5c6iv58 0 2250177 9889905 9508298 2026-09-07T12:31:46Z TongcyDai 53191 9889905 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波斯語== ===詞源=== 源自短語{{m|fa||شاد باش|tr=šâd bâš|t=好樣的，做得好|lit=開心起來吧}}，源自{{m|fa|شاد||快樂|tr=šâd}} + {{m|fa|باش||是|tr=bâš}}。 ===發音=== {{fa-IPA|šā`bāš}} ===感嘆詞=== {{fa-regional|شاباش|شاباش|шобош}} {{head|fa|感嘆詞|tr=šâbâš}} # [[好樣的]]！ ===名詞=== {{head|fa|名詞|tr=šâbâš}} # 在[[婚禮]]上或[[扔]]給[[歌手]]的[[錢]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|hy|շաբաշ|bor=1}} * {{desc|as|চাবাচ|bor=1}} * {{desc|az|şabaş|bor=1}} * {{desc|bn|শাবাশ|tr=śabaś|bor=1}} * {{desc|ka|შაბაში|bor=1}} * {{desc|gu|શાબાશ|bor=1}} * {{desc|mr|शाबास|bor=1}} * {{desc|ota|شاباش|tr=şabaş|bor=1}} * 旁遮普語： *: 古木基文：{{l|pa|ਸ਼ਾਬਾਸ਼|tr=śābāś}} *: 沙穆基文：{{l|pnb|شاباش|tr=śābāś}} * 印度斯坦語： *: {{desctree|hi|शाबाश|bor=1}} *: {{desc|ur|شاباش|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fa:Steingass|page=720}} ==旁遮普語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|pa|fa-cls|شاباش|tr=šābāš}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|pa|/ʃäː.bäːʃᵊ/|a=}} ===感嘆詞=== {{pa-head|intj|gur=ਸ਼ਾਬਾਸ਼|tr=śābāś}} # [[好樣的]] ==烏爾都語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ur|fa-cls|شاباش|tr=šābāš}}。 ===發音=== * {{ur-IPA|śābāś}} * {{rhyme|ur|ɑːʃ|s=2}} ===感嘆詞=== {{ur-head|intj|tr=śābāś|hi=शाबाश}} # [[好樣的]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|ur|شاد باش|tr=śād-bāś|t=祝你永遠幸福}} * {{l|ur|شاباشی|tr=śābāśī|t=讚美，讚揚}} * {{l|ur|شاد باد|tr=śād bād}} gl2qn3kee6anj9b8vm4xs7zsn7qeuia 0 2334519 9889985 7984781 2026-09-07T20:48:45Z Jiba1219 110530 9889985 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じん|y=kanon}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|^アイルランド||人|じん|t1=愛爾蘭}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|^アイルランド-じん}} # [[愛爾蘭]]人 {{c|ja|國籍}} 9xb3bg3vmm0cv6zzotvdgvfhem9tk6k 0 2334545 9889986 7984816 2026-09-07T20:49:34Z Jiba1219 110530 9889986 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{wikipedia|lang=ja|sc=Jpan}} {{ja-kanjitab|ご|yomi=goon}} ===詞源=== {{suffix|ja|アヴァル|語|t2=語言|sort=あヴぁるご}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|アヴァルご}} # [[阿瓦爾語]] {{c|ja|語言}} qj4279lfyhy8inx5u02jeppj21lprci 0 2334680 9890382 7984973 2026-09-08T08:22:09Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890382 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== {{wikipedia|lang=it}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|ML.|Gallicia}}，源自{{der|it|la-cla|Gallaecia}}，源自 {{m|la|Gallaecī|pos=該地的一個凱爾特部落}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{it-proper noun|f}} # {{place|it|自治區|c/西班牙|t=加利西亞}} ===專有名詞=== {{it-proper noun|mfbysense}} # {{surname|it}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|galiziano}} * {{l|it|galliciano}} {{cln|it|外名}} axwcyyy2zeabjw5kwcp6rud2qw9w1ex 0 2340260 9890425 7992346 2026-09-08T08:26:33Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|tastaré}} ==意大利語== ===詞源=== 可能{{inh+|it|VL.|*tastāre}}，源自 {{m|la||taxitāre}}，{{der|it|LL.|taxō|taxāre}} 的反覆體，源自{{der|it|la-cla|tangō||觸摸}}。對照{{cog|ca,oc,vec|tastar}}；{{cog|fro|taster}}；{{cog|fur|tastâ}}；{{cog|scn|tastari}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[感受]] # {{lb|it|及物}} [[摸索]] # {{lb|it|及物}} 通過手的感覺或工具來[[探測]]、[[檢查]] # {{lb|it|及物|Tuscan}} [[品嘗]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|tasteggiare}} * {{l|it|tastiera}} * {{l|it|tasto}} * {{l|it|tastamento}} * {{l|it|tastoni}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaerstt|restata|starate|taraste|tasterà}} 9j67wbf5ccj5isl9pqeglbfvp7dyncy 0 2340350 9890424 8011365 2026-09-08T08:26:23Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|t-astar}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ca|roa-oca|tastar}}，可能源自{{inh|ca|VL.|*tasto|*tastāre}}，源自 {{m|la||*taxitāre}}，基於{{inh|ca|LL.|taxo|taxāre}}，{{inh+|ca|la-cla|tango|tangere|t=觸摸}}。對照{{cog|oc|tastar}}、{{cog|it|tastare}}、{{cog|fro|taster}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{homophones|ca|tastà|testà|testar}} * {{rhymes|ca|a(ɾ)|s=2}} ===動詞=== {{ca-verb}} # {{lb|ca|及物}} [[品嘗]] # {{lb|ca|及物}} [[嘗試]]，[[體驗]] # {{lb|ca|不及物}} 有（……的）[[味道]] ====變位==== {{ca-conj}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|ca|gustar}} ====派生詞彙==== {{der2|ca |tastanejar |tastador}} ====參見==== * {{l|ca|provar}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} * {{R:ca:DCVB}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|ca|tarats|tàtars}} ==新挪威語== ===名詞=== {{head|nn|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|nn|tast||indefinite|p}} ==奧克語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|oc|pro|tastar}}，源自{{inh|oc|VL.|*tastāre}}，源自 {{m|la|*taxitāre}}，{{inh|oc|LL.|taxāre}} 的反覆體，{{m|la|taxō}} 的現在主動不定式，源自古典{{inh|oc|la|tangō|t=觸摸}}。對照{{cog|ca|tastar}}、{{cog|it|tastare}}、{{cog|fro|taster}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-tastar.wav|音頻}} ===動詞=== {{oc-verb|tast|ar}} # [[品嘗]] ====變位==== {{oc-conj-ar|tast}} ====參見==== * {{l|oc|gost}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|es|VL.|*taxitāre}}。對照{{cog|it|tastare}}、{{cog|fr|tâter}}。 ===動詞=== {{es-verb-auto}} # {{lb|es|棄用}} [[觸摸]] # {{lb|es|棄用}} 用[[顎]]去[[嘗]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} ==威尼斯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|vec|VL.|*tastāre}} < {{m|la|*taxitāre}}，{{inh|vec|LL.|taxāre}} 的反覆體，{{m|la|taxō}} 的現在主動不定式，源自古典{{inh|vec|la|tangō|t=觸摸}}。對照{{cog|oc|tastar}}、{{cog|it|tastare}}、{{cog|fro|taster}}。 ===動詞=== {{head|vec|動詞}} # {{lb|vec|及物}} [[觸摸]] # {{lb|vec|及物}} [[品嘗]] ====變位==== {{vec-conj-auto}} tf99ywnbutzizsgsigyfoscxg4attav 0 2383741 9890418 8056572 2026-09-08T08:25:34Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890418 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{lbor|it|LL.|sitibundus}}、{{der+|it|la-cla|sitiō||口渴}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|sitibóndo}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} {{tlb|it|literary}} # [[口渴]]的 #: {{syn|it|assetato|setoso|q2=棄用，罕用|siziente|q3=書面}} # {{lb|it|比喻}} [[渴望]]的 ====相關詞彙==== {{col5|it |assetato |sete |sitire |siziente |sizio}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} og6ha0dg77v7so7jauo840j7zlc7dwu 0 2385561 9890396 8058590 2026-09-08T08:23:22Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|edulcoraré}} ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|fr|édulcorer}}，源自{{der|it|ML.|ēdulcōrō|ēdulcōrāre}}，源自{{der|it|LL.|dulcor|dulcārī|甜，甜味}}，源自{{der|it|la-cla|dulcis||甜的}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ù}} # {{lb|it|及物}} 使變[[甜]] #: {{syn|it|addolcire|dolcificare}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ù}} ====派生詞彙==== {{hcol3}} * {{l|it|edulcorante}} * {{l|it|edulcorato}} * {{l|it|edulcorazione}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdeelorru|edulcorerà}} ==羅馬尼亞語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|ro|edulcora|-re}}。 ===名詞=== {{ro-noun|f|edulcorări}} # 變[[甜]] # [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] ====變格==== {{ro-noun-f-e|edulcorăr}} ==西班牙語== ===動詞=== {{head|es|動詞變位形式}} # {{es-verb form of|edulcorar}} 8p1g8p8u4e2e2m56qsmcied6ho93dop 0 2385974 9890411 8060269 2026-09-08T08:24:52Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890411 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|mugnere||古舊}} ===詞源=== {{root|it|ine-pro|*h₂melǵ-}} {{inh+|it|VL.|mungere}}，{{inh+|it|la-cla|mulgeō|mulgēre|t=擠奶}}，最终源自{{der|it|ine-pro|-}}詞根 {{m|ine-pro|*h₂melǵ-}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|mùngere}} * {{audio|it|LL-Q652 (ita)-LangPao-mungere.wav|音頻}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\\@}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[擠奶]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻}} [[盜竊]]，[[偷]] #: {{syn|it|sfruttare|spremere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\\@}} ====派生詞彙==== {{hcol}} * {{l|it|mungitrice|g=f||擠奶機；擠奶女工}} * {{l|it|mungitore|g=m||擠奶工}} * {{l|it|mungitura|g=f||擠奶}} * {{l|it|smungere}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} {{C|it|酪農業}} 495n7lirpmq2z02q97nyrnzkwzvo36l 0 2443466 9890409 8226715 2026-09-08T08:24:46Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890409 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ca|LL.|minuo|minuāre}}，{{inh+|ca|la-cla|minuō|minuere}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{homophones|ca|minvà}} * {{rhymes|ca|a(ɾ)|s=2}} ===動詞=== {{ca-verb}} # {{lb|ca|ambitransitive}} [[減少]] # {{lb|ca|不及物|指月亮}} [[虧]]，能看到的部分減少 ====變位==== {{ca-conj}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|ca|disminuir}}、{{l|ca|decréixer}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|ca|créixer}} ====派生詞彙==== {{der3|ca |minva |minvada |minvament |minvant |minvell |minvós}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} 76af1ynqybqvv4h65bjk3cczuwn9q98 0 2470181 9890389 8283581 2026-09-08T08:22:46Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890389 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|oc-pro|baderno}}，受到了{{der|it|fr|baderne}} 的強化；最終可能源自{{der|it|la|perna||腳後跟，鞋跟}}。 ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # {{lb|it|航海}} 包在[[船]][[柱]]之間的舊[[繩索]]纖維，或用作[[護舷]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|ota|بادرنه|tr=baderne|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabdenr|badarne}} ==葡萄牙語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|pt|it|-}}人名 {{m|it|Baderna}}，參考意大利舞者{{w2|en|Marietta Baderna|瑪麗埃塔·巴德納}}（1828–1892）的狂熱愛好者。 ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|badérna}} ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|f}} # {{lb|pt|巴西}} [[暴動]]，[[混亂]]，[[騷動]] #: {{syn|pt|furdúncio}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|pt|baderneiro}} nirmyvbu06n47wirx2u4zr21tozu9wo 0 2519418 9890391 8372396 2026-09-08T08:22:54Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890391 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|it|LL.||cernĭtu(m)}}（對比{{cog|la-cla|crētus}}），{{m|la|cernō}} 的完成被動分詞。{{surf|it|cernere|-ita}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|cèrnita,cernìta}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # [[選擇]]，[[揀選]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Collins}} * {{R:it:DiPI}} * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Garzanti}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|cèrnita}} * {{R:it:Treccani|cèrnita}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aceinrt|canteri|carenti|cartine|centrai|cintare|cinterà|citarne|crenati|cretina|entraci|incerta|narteci|natrice|recanti|recinta|trincea}} c58bofhj8cnzu9wjc612lz3t0kkc4o3 0 2531121 9890436 8385986 2026-09-08T08:27:25Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：nan-hnm→hnm 9890436 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |cat=n }} {{rfp|hnm}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|Hainanese}} [[伯母]] ====近義詞==== {{zh-dial|伯母}} jba8aodcmzwztvnh5z82kuc8z11iuhn 0 2631446 9890421 8537459 2026-09-08T08:25:50Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|La Spezia}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|spètsia}} ===詞源1=== {{back-formation|it|spezie||香料}}，源自{{bor|it|LL.|-}}複數 {{m|la|speciēs||商品，製品}}，源自{{bor|it|la-cla|-}}單數 {{m|la|speciēs||種類，特性，類型}}，按照通用的陰性單數-複數模式 ''-a''/''-e'' 而造。 ====名詞==== {{it-noun|f}} # {{lb|it|非正式}} {{singular of|it|spezie}} #: {{syn|it|droga|g1=f}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|speziare||3|s|pres|ind|;|2|s|imp}} exl5p9rivl9brw3qblu49ghggdnwcv8 0 2636350 9890428 8545140 2026-09-08T08:26:47Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|vrillé}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|en|fr|vrille}}。 ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{lb|en|航空}} [[尾旋]] #: {{syn|en|tailspin}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|nl|fr|vrille}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈvri.jə/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-vrille.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|vril|le}} * {{rhymes|nl|ijə}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-s|-}} # {{lb|nl|航空}} [[尾旋]] #: {{syn|nl|tolvlucht}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|fr|fro|veille|verille, ve(d)ille}}，{{inh+|fr|VL.||*vĭtīcula}}，{{inh+|fr|LL.||vītīcula}}，{{inh+|fr|la-cla|vītĭcula}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-vrille.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|f}} # {{lb|fr|植物學}} [[卷鬚]] # {{lb|fr|科技}} [[螺旋鑽]] # [[螺旋]] # {{lb|fr|航空}} [[尾旋]] # {{lb|fr|過時|口語}} [[女同性戀]] ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|partir en vrille}} * {{l|fr|vrillage}} * {{l|fr|vriller}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|vis}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|livrel}} {{C|fr|工具}} h1zivom9c413i7o3zvj6ntbs6iutn7e 0 2647139 9890413 8560697 2026-09-08T08:25:01Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890413 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ca|la|pignorō|pignorāre|t=抵押}}，{{der|ca|la-cla|pignerō}} 的異體。半接觸借詞 {{doublet|ca|pignorar}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} ===動詞=== {{ca-verb|root=ó}} # {{lb|ca|及物}} 對……處以[[罰款]] #: {{syn|ca|multar}} ====變位==== {{ca-conj}} ====派生詞彙==== {{der3|ca|empenyorar|penyorada|penyorament}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} s134kwjeem5eo0nskc8kknwaep8woal 0 2709705 9890387 9168563 2026-09-08T08:22:36Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890387 wikitext text/x-wiki ==荷蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=nl}} ===詞源=== 借自北{{bor|nl|it|articiocco}}，源自{{der|nl|oc-pro|archichaut}}、{{m|oc-pro|arquichaut}}，源自{{der|nl|osp|alcarchofa}}，源自{{der|nl|xaa|خرشوف|الْخَرْشُوف|tr=al-ẖaršúf}}，源自{{der|nl|ar|خرشوف|الْخُرْشُوف}}。<ref>{{cite-book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:es:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˌɑr.tiˈʃɔk/}} * {{audio|nl|nl-artisjok.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|ar|ti|sjok}} * {{rhyme|nl|ɔk}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|m|-en|+}} # {{c|nl|薊|蔬菜}} [[菜薊]]，[[朝鮮薊]]（{{taxfmt|Cynara scolymus|species}}）{{defdate|自16世紀起}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|af|artisjok}} ===參考資料=== <references/> pzljxgkep98u8i06xs5facqjs2kn9e3 0 2709715 9890388 9588880 2026-09-08T08:22:41Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890388 wikitext text/x-wiki ==書面挪威語== {{wikipedia|lang=no}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|nb|artiskokk}} ===詞源=== 源自北{{bor|nb|it|articiocco}}，源自{{der|nb|oc-pro|archichaut}}、{{m|oc-pro|arquichaut}}，源自{{der|nb|osp|alcarchofa}}，源自{{der|nb|xaa|خرشوف|الْخَرْشُوف|tr=al-ẖaršúf}}，源自{{der|nb|ar|خرشوف|الْخُرْشُوف}}。<ref>{{cite-book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:es:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref> ===名詞=== {{nb-noun-m1}} # [[菜薊]]，[[朝鮮薊]] ===參考資料=== <references/> * {{R:nb:OB}} {{C|nb|植物|蔬菜}} ==新挪威語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|nn|artiskokk}} ===詞源=== 源自北{{bor|nn|it|articiocco}}，源自{{der|nn|oc-pro|archichaut}}、{{m|oc-pro|arquichaut}}，源自{{der|nn|osp|alcarchofa}}，源自{{der|nn|xaa|اَلْخَرْشُوف|tr=alẖaršúf(a)}}，源自{{der|nn|ar|اَلْخُرْشُوف}}，{{m|ar|خُرْشُوف}} 的定指形式。<ref>{{cite-book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:es:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref> ===名詞=== {{nn-noun-m1}} # [[菜薊]]，[[朝鮮薊]] ===參考資料=== <references/> * {{R:nn:OB}} {{C|nn|植物|蔬菜}} 8rjk1hbghui6wz80yzi0v0gd9uw54pu 0 2709727 9890386 8636860 2026-09-08T08:22:30Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890386 wikitext text/x-wiki ==匈牙利語== {{wikipedia|lang=hu}} [[File:CDC_artichoke.jpg|thumb|articsóka]] ===詞源=== 源自北{{bor|hu|it|articiocco}}，源自{{der|hu|oc-pro|archichaut}}、{{m|oc-pro|arquichaut}}，源自{{der|hu|osp|alcarchofa}}，源自{{der|hu|xaa|خرشوف|الْخَرْشُوف|tr=al-ẖaršúf}}，源自{{der|hu|ar|خرشوف|الْخُرْشُوف}}。<ref>{{cite-book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64azgEs5tpEC|title=The Romance Languages|page=282|first=W. D.|last=Elcock|year=1960}}: "Borrowed directly from the Qairawān–Sicily region, without the article, the same Arabic word appears in Italian as carciofo; the Spanish form penetrated, however, into Provence, where it became archichaut, arquichaut, and thence into northern Italy as articiocco".</ref><ref>{{R:es:DRAE|alcachofa}}</ref>受到匈牙利語 {{m|hu|csóka}} 的影響。<ref>{{R:Zaicz 2006}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|hu|ar|ti|csó|ka}} * {{rhymes|hu|kɒ|s=4}} ===名詞=== {{hu-noun|pl=articsókák}} # [[菜薊]]，[[朝鮮薊]] ====變格==== {{hu-infl-nom|articsóká|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|articsóká}} ===參考資料=== <references/> ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ErtSz}} * {{R:Nagyszotar}} {{c|hu|蔬菜}} s04prco9342dhyayvlrsnh7gj7deosd 0 2733061 9890404 9630070 2026-09-08T08:24:21Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：prv→oc-pro 9890404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|mascá|mascâ|mască}} ==加利西亞語== ===動詞=== {{head|gl|動詞變位形式}} # {{gl-verb form of|mascar}} ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|la|mascha|mascara|*mascra}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|la|gmw-pro|*maskā|t=網格，網孔}}，源于将网状网眼戴在脸上作为口罩过滤空气的做法，可防止烟尘和灰尘颗粒进入肺部。和{{cog|de|Larve}} 或 {{m|de|Fratze}} 等類似，這種令人感到可怕的樣子衍生出了“幽靈”，繼而是“女巫”的意思，儘管早在主義項進入拉丁語之前，次級衍生出的義項可能就已經被借入拉丁語了。 帶 ''-r-'' 後綴的異體，可能來自 {{af|gmw-pro|*maskā|*-þr|*-ā|nocat=1}}，在{{cog|ang|mæsċre}} 中已經簡化，据推测也被借入拉丁语，以解释{{cog|it|maschera}}，因為輔音簇的發音問題而插入了這個音，並可能與拉丁-羅曼語族後綴 {{m|la|-āria}} 聯繫起來，有的說法還引證了{{cog|fro|mascurer}}、{{m|fro|maschurer|t=把（臉）弄黑}}、{{cog|oc|mascarar}}、{{cog|ca|mascarar}}、{{cog|wa|maxhurer}}，派生自 {{m|fro|mascher|t=重擊}} 和{{cog|ar|مَسْخَرَة|t=小丑、傻瓜、笑柄、任何荒谬的东西}} ← {{m|ar|سَخِرَ|t=嘲笑}}。 ===名詞=== {{la-noun|masca<1>}} {{defdate|最早見於643年}}<ref>{{R:de:EWbD|Maske}}</ref> # [[女巫]] #* {{quote-book|la|year=643|title={{w|羅薩里敕令|Edictum Rothari}}|section=197|passage=De crimen nefandum. Si quis mundium de puella libera aut muliere habens eamque strigam, quod est '''mascam''', clamaverit, excepto pater aut frater, ammittat mundium ipsius, ut supra, et illa potestatem habeat vult ad parentes, vult curtem regis cum rebus suis propriis se commendare, qui mundium eius in potestatem debeat habere. Et si vir ille negaverit, hoc crimen non dixissit, liceat eum se pureficare et mundium, sicut habuit, habere, si se pureficaverit.}} #* {{quote-book|la|year=643|title={{w|羅薩里敕令|Edictum Rothari}}|section=376|passage=Nullus presumat aldiam alienam aut ancillam quasi strigam, quem dicunt '''mascam''', occidere, quod christianis mentibus nullatenus credendum est nec possibilem, ut mulier hominem vivum intrinsecus possit comedere. Si quis de cetero talem inlecitam et nefandam rem penetrare presumpserit: si aldiam occiderit, conponat pro statum eius solidos LX, et insuper addat pro culpa solidos centum, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius aldia fuerit. Si autem ancilla fuerit, conponat pro statum eius, ut supra constitutum est, si ministiriales aut rusticana fuerit; et insuper pro culpa solidos LX, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius ancilla fuerit. Si vero iudex huic opus malum penetrare iusserit, ipse de suo proprio pena suprascripta conponat.}} # [[幽靈]]；[[夢魘]] # [[面具]] ====變格==== {{la-ndecl|masca<1>}} ====派生語彙==== * 意大利-達爾馬提亞語支 ** {{desc|it|maschera}} {{see desc}} ** {{desc|scn|màscara}} * {{desc|pro|masca}} ** {{desc|oc|masca}} ** {{desc|pro|mascoto|der=1}} *** {{desc|oc-pro|mascota}} **** {{desc|fr|mascotte|bor=1}} {{see desc}} *** {{desc|gl|mascoto|bor=1}} * {{desc|vec|máscara}} ====參考資料==== <references/> * {{R:la:du Cange}} ==奧克語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|oc|pro|mascoto}}，源自{{der|oc|ML.|masca||幽靈；夢魘}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav}} ===名詞=== {{oc-noun|f}} # [[女巫]] # [[面具]] ====近義詞==== * {{sense|女巫}} {{l|oc|fachilhièra}}、{{l|oc|bruèissa}} * {{sense|面具}} {{l|oc|masqueta}} ==古高地德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|goh|māsca|maska|māska}} ===詞源=== {{dercat|goh|gem-pro|inh=1}} {{inh+|goh|gmw-pro|*maskā|t=網孔}}。 ===名詞=== {{goh-noun|f}} # [[網孔]]，[[網格]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|gmh|masche}} ** {{desc|de|Masche}} ** {{desc|lb|Masch}} ==葡萄牙語== ===動詞=== {{head|pt|動詞變位形式}} # {{pt-verb form of|mascar}} ==羅馬尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ro|fr|masquer}}。 ===動詞=== {{ro-verb|conj=1|maschează|mascat}} # 用[[面具]][[遮蓋]] # [[偽裝]]；[[掩蓋]]；[[隱藏]] ====變位==== {{ro-conj-a-ez}} ==西班牙語== ===動詞=== {{head|es|動詞變位形式}} # {{es-verb form of|mascar}} g4sdcztcpsdsdvnl044ilbzga2q4gjw 0 2740618 9890419 8677405 2026-09-08T08:25:39Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890419 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|subbollire||不常見}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|LL.|subbulliō|subbullīre|t=微微煮沸}}，{{der+|it|la-cla|bulliō||煮}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/@}} # {{lb|it|不及物|不常見}} 慢慢[[煮沸]] {{+aux|it|avere}} # {{lb|it|比喻}} [[醞釀]]（感情、情緒） ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/@}} ====相關詞彙==== {{rel2|it |bollire |subbuglio}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} 0ngg8b3ozuhg7iq2tcg2bpeu5qh99t8 0 2753809 9890392 8694012 2026-09-08T08:23:00Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890392 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{lbor|it|LL.|coadūnō|coadūnāre|t=聯結，聯合}}，{{der+|it|la-cla|adūnō|adūnāre|聯合，統一}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ù}} # {{tlb|it|literary|及物}} [[聚集]]，[[集合]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ù}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} ==拉丁語== ===動詞=== {{head|la|動詞變位形式|head=coadūnāre}} # {{inflection of|la|coadūnō||pres|actv|inf|;|2|s|pres|pasv|imp//ind}} 5zyc6nf27cuzk3hsice9zki6wt3ge2y 0 2764904 9890417 8706828 2026-09-08T08:25:30Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890417 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{root|it|ine-pro|*(s)kreybʰ-}} {{inh+|it|LL.|scrīptōrium||書桌；書房}}，{{der+|it|la-cla|scrīptus}}，{{m|la|scrībō||寫}} 的完成時被動分詞。{{doublet|it|scrittorio}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|scrittóio}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|m}} # {{lb|it|不常見}} [[書房]] # {{lb|it|古舊|or|Tuscan}} [[辦公室]] #: {{syn|it|ufficio}} # {{lb|it|家具}} [[書桌]]，[[寫字檯]] #: {{syn|it|scrivania}} # {{lb|it|historical}} ## [[書桌]] ## 一種[[便攜]]的[[凳子]]，可用來寫字 ## 裝書寫[[工具]]的[[盒子]] ====相關詞彙==== {{rel4|it|scritto|scrittore|scrittorio|scrittura}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Trec}} 7rlk45yi8w8ohccye99cylguoziagkg 0 2903430 9890415 9631342 2026-09-08T08:25:13Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|reprobó|réprobo}} ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== {{bor+|it|LL.|reprobus||錯誤的，虛假的}}，{{der+|it|la-cla|probus||誠實的}}。 ====發音==== {{it-pr|rèprobo}} ====形容詞==== {{it-adj}} # [[邪惡]]的，[[無賴]]的 ====名詞==== {{it-noun|m|f=+}} # [[混球]]，[[混帳]] ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:it:Trec}} ===詞源2=== {{nonlemma}} ====發音==== {{it-pr|repròbo,rèprobo<qual:拉丁化>}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|it|reprobare||1|s|pres|ind}} ==拉丁語== ===詞源=== 記錄於晚期拉丁語，源自 {{prefix|la|re|probō}}。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|reprobō}} ===動詞=== {{la-verb|1+|reprobō}} # 不[[贊同]] # [[拒絕]] # [[譴責]] ====變位==== {{la-conj|1+|reprobō}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|reprove|reprobate}} * {{desc|fr|réprouver}} * {{desc|it|riprovare}} * {{desc|pt|reprovar}} * {{desc|es|reprobar}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:L&S}} * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} 3a70ck6ygnjo4kdwpgjf54uqsqtj0as 828 2954936 9889903 9051284 2026-09-07T12:27:30Z TongcyDai 53191 9889903 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local U = m_str_utils.char local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local export = {} -- uncommon diacritics local fatHataan = U(0x64B) -- فَتْحَۃً diacritic local highhmz = U(0x654) -- ہَمزَہ diacritic local zwnj = U(0x200C) -- ZWNJ (zero-width non-joiner) local ghunna = U(0x658) -- نُونِ غُنَّہ diacritic local dagger_alif = U(0x670) -- اَلِف خَنْجَرِیَّۃ diacritic -- common diacritics local zabar = U(0x64E) -- زَبَر diacritic local zer = U(0x650) -- زیر diacritic local pesh = U(0x64F) -- پیش diacritic local tashdid = U(0x651) -- تَشْدِيد, also called شَدَّۃ local jazm = "ْ" -- diacritic also سُکُون local tt = { -- ا ["آ"] = "ā", -- الِف مَدَّه ["أ"] = "a", -- اَلِف ہَمزَہ ["ا"] = "a", -- اَلِف -- ٮ ["ب"] = "b", -- بے ["ٻ"] = "ḇ", -- ٻے (Sindhi/Saraiki implosive) ["ڀ"] = "bh", -- ڀے (Sindhi aspirate) ["پ"] = "p", -- پے ["ت"] = "t", -- تے ["ٹ"] = "ṭ", -- ٹے (modern retroflex) ["ٿ"] = "ṭ", -- ٿے (old retroflex) ["ث"] = "s̱", -- ثے -- ح ["ج"] = "j", -- جِيم ["چ"] = "c", -- چے ["ڇ"] = "ch", -- ڇے (Sindhi aspirate) ["ڄ"] = "c", -- ڄے (Sindhi/Saraiki implosive) ["ڃ"] = "ñ", -- ڃے (Sindhi nasal) ["ح"] = "ḥ", -- بَڑِی حے ["خ"] = "x", -- خے --د ["د"] = "d", -- دال ["ݙ"] = "ḏ", -- ݙال (Saraiki implosive) ["ڈ"] = "ḍ", -- ڈال (modern retroflex) ["ڐ"] = "ḍ", -- ڐال (old retroflex) ["ڌ"] = "ḍh", -- ڌال (Sindhi retroflex aspirate) ["ڏ"] = "ḏ", -- ڏال (Sindhi implosive) ["ڊ"] = "ḍ", -- ڊال (Sindhi retroflex) ["ڍ"] = "dh", -- ڍال (Sindhi aspirate) ["ذ"] = "ẕ", -- ذال -- ر ["ر"] = "r", -- رے ["ڑ"] = "ṛ", -- ڑے (modern retroflex) ["ڙ"] = "ṛ", -- ڙے (old retroflex) ["ز"] = "z", -- زے ["ژ"] = "ž", -- ژے -- س ["س"] = "s", -- سِین ["ش"] = "ś", -- شِین -- ص ["ص"] = "ṣ", -- صاد ["ض"] = "ẓ", -- ضاد -- ط ["ط"] = "t̤", -- طوے ["ظ"] = "z̤", -- ظوے -- ع ء ["ع"] = "'", -- عَین ["ء"] = "'", -- ہَمزَہ ["غ"] = "ġ", -- غَین -- ف ق ["ف"] = "f", -- فے ["ڦ"] = "ph", -- ڦے (Sindhi aspirate) ["ق"] = "q", -- قاف -- ک ["ک"] = "k", -- کاف ["ك"] = "k", -- كاف (Arabic variant) ["ڪ"] = "k", -- ڪاف (Sindhi Kufic variant) ["گ"] = "g", -- گاف ["ڳ"] = "g̠", -- ڳاف (Sindhi/Saraiki implosive) ["ڱ"] = "ṅ", -- ڱاف (Sindhi nasal) -- ل م ["لؕ"] = "ḷ", -- اڑلام (Punjabi retroflex) ["ل"] = "l", -- لام ["م"] = "m", -- مِیم -- ں ["ں"] = "ṉ", -- نُون غُنَّہ ["ن"] = "n", -- نُون ["ڻ"] = "ṇ", -- ڻُون (Sindhi retroflex) ["ݨ"] = "ṇ", -- اڑنون (Punjabi retroflex) -- و ["و"] = "v", -- واؤ ["ؤ"] = "v", -- واوِ مَہْمُوز -- ہ ["ہ"] = "h", -- چھوٹِی ہے ["ه"] = "h", -- چھوٹِی هے (Persian/Arabic variant) ["ۀ"] = "h", -- ہے یے) بَڑِی یے مَہْمُوز) (in izafat) ["ة"] = "h", -- تاء مَرْبُوطَة ["ۃ"] = "h", -- تاء مَرْبُوطَۃ ["ھ"] = "h", -- دو چَشْمِی ہے -- ی ["ی"] = "y", -- یے ["ى"] = "y", -- اَلِف مَقْصُورَۃ (Arabic) ["ي"] = "y", -- يے (Arabic variant) ["ئ"] = "y", -- يے ہَمزَہ ["ے"] = "e", -- بَڑِی یے ["ۓ"] = "e", -- بَڑِی یے مَہْمُوز -- common diacritics [zabar] = "", -- زَبَر diacritic [zer] = "", -- زیر diacritic [pesh] = "", -- پیش diacritic [tashdid] = "", -- تَشْدِيد, also called شَدَّۃ [jazm] = "", -- also سُکُون - no vowel -- uncommon diacritics [zwnj] = "-", -- ZWNJ (zero-width non-joiner) [highhmz] = "", -- ہَمزَہ diacritic [fatHataan] = "", -- فَتْحَۃً diacritic [ghunna] = "", -- نُونِ غُنَّہ diacritic [dagger_alif] = "", -- اَلِف خَنْجَرِیَّۃ diacritic -- ligatures ["ﻻ"] = "la", ["ﷲ"] = "alah", -- kashida ["ـ"] = "-", -- کَشِیدَہ, no sound -- numerals ["۱"] = "1", ["۲"] = "2", ["۳"] = "3", ["۴"] = "4", ["۵"] = "5", ["۶"] = "6", ["۷"] = "7", ["۸"] = "8", ["۹"] = "9", ["۰"] = "0", -- punctuation (leave on separate lines) ["؟"] = "?", -- question mark ["،"] = ",", -- comma ["؛"] = ";", -- semicolon ["«"] = '“', -- quotation mark ["»"] = '”', -- quotation mark ["٪"] = "%", -- percent ["؉"] = "‰", -- per mille ["٫"] = ".", -- decimals ["٬"] = ",", -- thousand } function export.tr(text, lang, sc) -- If the script is not Aran, do not transliterate if sc ~= "Aran" then return end -- Transliterate characters text = gsub(text, '.', tt) return text end return export sdlftqd6i5lenjt5kw3bepgiecl3ik4 0 3002455 9890412 9106515 2026-09-08T08:24:57Z TongcyBot 83009 更新過時語言代碼：CL.→la-cla 9890412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|OEF}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 擬聲詞，類似於{{cog|en|oof}}、{{cog|de|uff}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-oef.ogg}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|nl|感嘆詞}} # {{lb|nl|onomatopoeia}} 表示[[厭惡]]、[[疲倦]]或[[解脫]] ==古法語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|fro|of}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|fro|VL.|*ovum|(*)ŏvum}}，{{inh+|fro|la-cla|ōvum}}。 ===名詞=== {{fro-noun|m}} # [[蛋]]，[[卵]] #* {{quote-text|fro|year=c. 1170|author=w:[[克雷蒂安·德·特魯瓦|Christian of Troyes]]|title=w:en:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion |passage=Qu'il n'a laissié vaillant .i. '''oef''' |translation=他連一顆'''蛋'''都沒留下}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fro|oevé}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|roa-fcm|ûe}} * {{desctree|frm|œuf}} * {{desc|nrf|oeu|œu}} * {{desc|pcd|uë}} * {{desc|wa|oû}} c9ree9lc6go05vibdpbtfkagzhas91u 0 3025120 9890441 9139761 2026-09-08T08:56:30Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 9890441 wikitext text/x-wiki ==​詹普巴爾普古語== ===名詞=== {{head|djr|名詞}} # [[年]] ===參考資料=== * M.P. Wilkinson, ''Djambarrpuyŋu: A Yolŋu Variety of Northern Australia'' (1991), p. 393 * Margit Bowler and Vanya Kapitonov, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090825/https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/grads/margitbowler/Bowler%26Kapitonov-2018-Towards%20a%20typology%20of%20quantification%20in%20Australian%20languages-LongHandout.pdf#page=17 Towards a typology of quantification in Australian languages]'' (2018), p. 17 hvw81896dr76d31bgqtm87bb11ygxpv 828 3142457 9890463 9288808 2026-09-08T10:22:21Z Fglffer 55252 9890463 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_ja = require("Module:ja") local m_links = require("Module:links") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ja") local romaji = require("Module:Hrkt-translit").tr local ja_shift = require("Module:ja-shift").shift local ja_onbin = require("Module:ja-shift").onbin local ugsub = require("Module:string utilities").gsub function export.jaconj(frame) local params = { [1] = {}, -- Stem. For irregular verbs: "suru", "kuru", etc. [2] = {}, -- For godan: final kana, for ichidan: "ichi" ["head"] = {}, ["ou"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like 問う, 請う and 恋う ["hv"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like なさる ["sk"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For irregular single-kanji suru verbs } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {rows = {"dic", "pas", "cau", "pot", "per", "con", "hyp", "vol", "imp", "cps", "rpt", "des", "pro"}, forms = {}, cascade= {}, entry = {}} local head = args["head"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if head == "ja-conj-ex" then args[1] = "もや" args[2] = "す" head = "燃やす" end local sk = args["sk"] == true and true or false local headstem = head:sub(1, -4) -- Remove last kana if args[1] == nil then error("Parameter 1= is not set.") end if args[2] == nil then if args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "する" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "くる" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= is not set. It can only be left blank if parameter 1= is 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end elseif args[2] ~= "ichi" and args[2] ~= "i" then if (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) > 0) and (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "A")) == 1) and args[2] ~= "suru" and args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "zuru" and args[2] ~= "ずる" and args[2] ~= "kuru" and args[2] ~= "くる" and args[2] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= must consist of a single hiragana character, if not 'ichi/i', 'suru/する', 'zuru/ずる' or 'kuru/くる/来る'.") end end args[1] = args[1]:gsub("_", " ") local grade = args[2] == "i" and "ichi" or args[2] grade = args[2] == nil and args[1] or grade -- Irregular verbs grade = grade == "する" and "suru" or grade grade = (grade == "来る" or grade == "くる") and "kuru" or grade -- Suru-tsu verbs (check if final character of stem is "っ") if args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" and args[1]:sub(-3, -1) == "っ" then grade = "suru-tsu" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove 'する' if already present else headstem = head end -- Single-kanji suru verbs elseif (args["sk"] == true and (args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する")) or ((args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" and head:sub(1, -7):sub(1, -4) == "") and ugsub(head:sub(1, -7), "[A-Za-z0-9_.ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ]", "") ~= "" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "" sk = true -- Zuru verbs elseif (args[2] == "zuru" or args[2] == "ずる") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "ずる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "zuru" -- Noun + suru verbs elseif args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" then grade = "suru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) .. " " -- Remove 'する' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " する" else headstem = head .. " " head = head .. " する" end -- ? + kuru verbs elseif args[2] == "kuru" or args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" then grade = "kuru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "来る" or head:sub(-6, -1) == "くる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove '来る' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " 来る" else error("Missing「来る」in head= or page name.") end end local headkanji = headstem:gsub(" ", "") local headkanjikana = args[1] if (string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ. _-]", "")) > 0) and args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 1= must consist of hiragana or katakana characters only, if it is not set to 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) == 0 and string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) == 0 and args[2] ~= nil then if args[1] .. args[2] ~= head then error("Hiragana readings for 1= and 2= do not correspond to head= or the page title.") end end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ]", "")) > 0 then local savedkana = {} for _, character in ipairs(splitByKana(args[1]:gsub(".", ""))) do headkanji = string.gsub(headkanji, character, function(kana) table.insert(savedkana, kana) return "" end) end for _, character in ipairs(savedkana) do headkanjikana = headkanjikana:gsub(character, "") end -- Isolate kanji end local ou = (head == "問う" or head == "請う" or head == "恋う" or args["ou"] == true) and true or false local honorific_verbs = {"いらっしゃる", "おっしゃる", "くださる", "ござる", "なさる"} local hv = (contains(honorific_verbs, args[1] .. grade) or args["hv"] == true) and true or false sk = args["sk"] == false and false or sk ou = args["ou"] == false and false or ou hv = args["hv"] == false and false or hv for key, row in pairs(data.rows) do data.forms[row] = autoConjugate(args[1], args[2], row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) for ckey, crow in pairs(data.forms[row]) do data.cascade[row .. "." .. tostring(ckey)] = crow end end return export.make_table(data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) end function export.make_table(data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) local result = {} local content = [=[ {| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher wikitable" style="margin: 0; margin-top: 2px; text-align: center; width: 100%; border-top: 0" rules="all" ! class="vsToggleElement" colspan="3" style="font-size:97.5%; background-color: var(--wikt-palette-magenta-3, #eaecf0); text-align:left; padding: 2px 2px 2px 10px" | 「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">@HEADWORD</span>」（@ROMA，@ANNOTATION）的擴展變位表 |- ! colspan="3" style="padding: 12px 0 12px 0; @FONTSIZE" | （參見[[Appendix:日語動詞]]和[[w:活用 (日語)|日語動詞變位]]） |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連用形|連用形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.mas} |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連體形|連體形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.pln} |- ! | ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | て形 | | {con.pln} | | {con.neg} |- ! colspan="3" style="padding: 10px 0 10px 0; @BACKGROUND1; @FONTSIZE" | 非過去式 <span class="Jpan" lang="ja" style="font-size: 95%">/</span> 未完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 過去式 / 完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {per.pln} | | {per.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {per.pol} | | {per.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pas.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pas.pln} | | {pas.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pas.pol} | | {pas.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {cau.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cau.pln}<br>縮約形：{cau.srt} | | {cau.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cau.pol} | | {cau.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {cau.per} | | {cau.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {cau.ppr} | | {cau.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 可能態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pot.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pot.pln} | | {pot.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pot.pol} | | {pot.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pot.per} | | {pot.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pot.ppr} | | {pot.ppn} @RANUKI ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 命令法 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#命令形|命令形]] / 強硬指示 | | @IMPERATIVE | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 其他命令構式 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 敬語請求 | | {imp.kud} | | {imp.nkd} @NASAI ! | 禁止形 / 不要〜 | | — | | {imp.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 意志形 / 推量形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {vol.pln} | | — |- ! | 敬語 | | {vol.pol} | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 條件形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 假定形 / 暫定形 | | {hyp.pln} | | {hyp.neg}<br>口語：{hyp.ngc} |- ! | [[たら#詞源1|たら形]] | | {hyp.tar} | | {hyp.nta} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | @CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cps.pln} | | {cps.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cps.pol} | | {cps.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {cps.per} | | {cps.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {cps.ppr} | | {cps.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 希求形（[[たい#後綴|たい形]]） |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {des.pln} | | {des.neg} |- ! | colspan="2" | 關於其他希求形，參見[[たい#Inflection|<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">たい</span>#Inflection]]。 |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 進行動作和現在狀態（[[いる|ている形]]） |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pro.pln}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.srt} | | {pro.neg}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.pst} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pro.pol} | | {pro.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pro.per} | | {pro.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pro.ppr} | | {pro.ppn} |- ==== |- ! colspan="2" | 其他形式和構式 @ARCHAICNEGATIVES ! | 否定連用形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.fng} |- ! | （〜<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">[[ずに|に]]</span>）：不〜地 |- ! | 代表形 / 列舉例 | | {dic.exa} |- ==== @FOOTNOTES ]=] local imperativeForms = (grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or grade == "zuru") and "書面語：{imp.wri},<br>口語：{imp.spo}" or "{imp.pln}" if sk == true then imperativeForms = "{imp.pln},<br>書面語：{imp.wri}<br>口語：{imp.spo}" end local annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]]=] if grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "i" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "e" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#下一段活用|下一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "kuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|カ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-っする</span>類]=] elseif grade == "zuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]「上一段活用」，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ずる/-じる</span>類]=] elseif sk == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-する</span>類]=] elseif head == "行く" and args[1] == "い" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「行く」→「行った」、「行って」]=] elseif hv == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，特殊敬語類：<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. args[1] .. args[2] .. '</span> → <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. args[1] .. 'い' .. '</span>)' elseif ou == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「-ou」→「-outa」、「-oute」]=] end if grade == "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", [=[ |- ! colspan="3" style="padding: 12px 0 12px 0; @BACKGROUND1; @FONTSIZE" | [[ら抜き言葉|ら抜き]]可能形 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {rpt.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {rpt.pln} | | {rpt.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {rpt.pol} | | {rpt.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {rpt.per} | | {rpt.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {rpt.ppr} | | {rpt.ppn} |- ]=]) else content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", '|- ') end if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", "標準形：{cps.mas}<br>口語形：{cps.mcl}@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT") else content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", '{cps.mas}') end if grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "kuru" or isGodan(grade) then if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! style="padding: @PADDING; width: 50%; @FONTSIZE" | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}&nbsp;⁴ |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | 口語或方言<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;³') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! style="padding: @PADDING; width: 50%; @FONTSIZE" | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | 口語或方言<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;²') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') end end else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", '|- ') end if ((head == "なさる" or head == "為さる") and hv == true) then content = content:gsub("@NASAI", '|- ') else content = content:gsub("@NASAI", [=[ |- ! | [[なさい#日語|''-nasai'']] form | | {imp.pol} | | — |- ]=]) end if #data.cascade["pro.srt"] > 1 then content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br><br>''contracted forms:''<br>") else content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br>''contraction:''") end content = content:gsub("@BACKGROUND1", "background-color: var(--background-color-interactive--hover)") local fn_causative = [=[在日常用語中，[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用動詞]]的使役被動語態中，「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">せら</span>」縮短為「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">さ</span>」：<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">{cps.epl}</span> → <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">{cps.col}</span>.]=] local fn_archaic = '古體形式，現多用於固定短語、書面語和正式談話。' if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ Informal alternative in conversational speech.<br>² Alternative colloquial form in the Kansai dialect.<br>³ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>⁴ ' .. fn_archaic) else if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>² ' .. fn_archaic) else content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_archaic) end end if (grade == "kuru" and headstem == "来") or (grade == "suru" and headstem == "為") or (grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "kuru")) or (args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言") then content = content:gsub("@PADDING", '20px 10px 20px 10px') else content = content:gsub("@PADDING", '10px 10px 10px 10px') end if grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content = content:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "[[する]]") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content = content:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来る") else content = content:gsub("@HEADWORD", head) end content = content:gsub("@IMPERATIVE", imperativeForms) content = content:gsub("@ANNOTATION", '類別：' .. annotation) content = content:gsub("@FONTSIZE", 'font-size: 97.5%%') if headstem ~= args[1] and args[2] ~= nil and grade ~= "suru" and grade ~= "kuru" and grade ~= "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(args[1] .. args[2], "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "る", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "する", "jp") .. "''") else content = content:gsub("@ROMA", "''" .. romaji(head, "jp") .. "''") end table.insert(result, content) result = string.gsub(table.concat(result), "{([^|}]+)}", function(code) if data.cascade[code] == nil then error("Form code {" .. code .. "} not defined.") end data.entry[code] = map(data.cascade[code], function(i) if code == "cps.col" or code == "cps.epl" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja" style="font-size: 95%">' .. i:gsub("-", "") .. '</span>' end local translit = "" if grade == "suru" and (args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "suru") then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp') elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana .. "す", 'jp'):sub(1, -3)) -- Less final letters 'su' else translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana, 'jp')):gsub(romaji(headstem, 'jp'), romaji(args[1], 'jp')) end local iruby = nil if (grade == "kuru" and headstem == "来") or (grade == "suru" and headstem == "為") then iruby = '<ruby>' .. headstem .. '<rt>' .. i:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "kuru") then local corresponding_kuru_form = autoConjugate("kuru", nil, code:sub(1, 3), "kuru", "来", "来る", false, false, false)[code:sub(5, 7)][1] iruby = headstem .. '<ruby>来<rt>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. "来" .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if i:sub(1, 3) == "言" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby elseif i:sub(1, 3) == "ゆ" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>ゆ</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji end end local jplinks = {} -- Suffixes and standalone words link to their own pages local count = 0 for w in i:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do count = count + 1 if (code ~= "dic.mas" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") or w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] or (grade == "kuru" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来"))) or ((grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru")) and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "")) then -- The stem should not be hyperlinked. if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif (code == "pas.mas" or code == "cau.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "cps.mas") and count == 1 then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and ((code ~= "pas.mas" and w == data.cascade["pas.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cau" and ((code ~= "cau.mas" and w == data.cascade["cau.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させ" or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and ((code ~= "pot.mas" and w == data.cascade["pot.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and ((code ~= "cps.mas" and w == data.cascade["cps.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させられ" or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "しさせられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させられ")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "rpt" and ((code ~= "rpt.mas" and w == data.cascade["rpt.mas"][1]:gsub("-", ""))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" and (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "さ") then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code == "hyp.neg" or code == "hyp.nta" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.tar" and count == 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.ngc" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and (count > 1 and (code ~= "cps.mas" and w == "させられ")) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif isGodan(grade) and code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) .. "され" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "て" or w == "ず" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "に" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#分詞|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "して" or w == "した" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#動詞|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "な" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#詞源4|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "させ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:させる#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "られ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:られる#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "れ" and count > 1 and (code == "pas.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "rpt.mas") then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:れる#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "り" and count > 1 and code == "dic.exa" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たり#分詞|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "る" and count > 1 and code == "pro.srt" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:てる#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ない" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pro" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:いない#詞源2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ぬ" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ぬ#詞源2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ん" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ん#詞源2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 and code == "dic.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:し#詞源7|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "ら" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たら#詞源1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif (w =="える" or w =="え") and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and (grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true) then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:得る|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cau.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#詞源1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "され" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and grade == "suru" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:される|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cps.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#後綴|' .. w .. ']]') elseif code == "dic.pln" and w == mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. w .. "'''") else table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. "'''") end else if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#日語|' .. w .. ']]') else table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#日語|' .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. ']]') end end end if code == "dic.fng" and not (args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言") then if isGodan(grade) then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;²' else return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;¹' end elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if translit:sub(1, 3) == "yut" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;¹]=] elseif translit:sub(1, 3) == "yū" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;²]=] elseif code == "dic.fng" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;⁴' end end return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>' end) return table.concat(data.entry[code], "<br>") end) result = mw.text.split(result, '\n====\n') result = m_inflection_table.make_box({ palette = "magenta", flow = 'vertical', title = content_title, }, m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", }, result[1] .. '\n') .. m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", notes = result[3], }, result[2] .. '\n') .. '\n') return result end function autoConjugate(stem, args2, row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) local conj = "—" if args2 == nil then headstem = "" end if row == "dic" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "う-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り", "ゆった-り", "ゆうた-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } elseif row == "dic" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "っ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "います" }, png = { headstem .. "いません" }, mas = { headstem .. "い" }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Dictionary / Imperfective / Non-past elseif row == "dic" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せん" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せ-ず", headstem .. "しず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こない" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "き" }, fng = { headstem .. "こ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "き-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "こ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "こ-ん" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "さない", headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "さ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "さ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "さ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずる", headstem .. "じる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ" }, fng = { headstem .. "ぜ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "じ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "ぜ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "ぜ-ん" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem }, fng = { headstem .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "-ん" }, } or { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Passive elseif row == "pas" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "しられ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Causative elseif row == "cau" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "しさす" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "こさす" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "じさす" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "す" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Potential elseif row == "pot" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "できる" }, neg = { headstem .. "できない" }, pol = { headstem .. "でき-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "でき-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "でき" }, con = { headstem .. "でき-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "でき-ない で", "でき-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "でき-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "でき-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "でき-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "でき-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "し-える", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "し-え", headstem .. "し-られ-ない" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, con = { headstem .. "こられ-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "こられ-ない で", "こられ-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せる", headstem .. "し-える" }, neg = { headstem .. "せ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-せ", headstem .. "し-え" }, per = { headstem .. "せ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "る" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e")}, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Ranuki potential (ichidan only) elseif row == "rpt" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective for exceptions elseif row == "per" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うた" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い-ません でした" }, } return conj elseif row == "per" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a"), "ゆった", "ゆうた" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif row == "per" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "った" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective elseif row == "per" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "した" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きた" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じた" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "た" }, neg = { headstem .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- -te form for exceptions elseif row == "con" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-ない で", headstem .. "わ-なくて" }, } return conj elseif row == "con" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e"), "ゆって", "ゆうて" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } elseif row == "con" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-ない で", headstem .. "か-なくて" }, } return conj -- -te form elseif row == "con" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない で", headstem .. "しなくて" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-ない で", "こ-なくて" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない で", headstem .. "じなくて" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て" }, neg = { headstem .. "-ない で", headstem .. "-なくて" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } return conj -- Conditional for exceptions elseif row == "hyp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "う-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj elseif row == "hyp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら", "ゆった-ら", "ゆうた-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } elseif row == "hyp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "っ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Conditional elseif row == "hyp" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "こなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "こ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "き-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "こなかったら" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば", headstem .. "せば" }, neg = { headstem .. "さなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "さ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "じなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "じ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "じ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "じなかったら" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "れば" }, neg = { headstem .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "なかったら" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Volitional elseif row == "vol" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "こ-ましょう" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ましょう" } } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "そう", headstem .. "-しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ましょう" } } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "よう" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ましょう" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ましょう" } } return conj -- Imperative for exceptions elseif row == "imp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "うて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください", "ゆって ください", "ゆうて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } elseif row == "imp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "って ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "い" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Imperative elseif row == "imp" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" then return { wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こい" }, pol = { headstem .. "きなさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "くる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "きて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "こない で ください" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せ" }, wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { wri = { headstem .. "ぜよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "じろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "ずる な", headstem .. "じる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "じて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "じない で ください" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { wri = { headstem .. "よ" }, spo = { headstem .. "ろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "る な" }, kud = { headstem .. "て ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "-ない で ください" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Causative passive elseif row == "cps" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } if isGodan(grade) then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, mcl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } end return conj -- Desiderative elseif row == "des" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "し-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-たく ない" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "き-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "き-たく ない" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "い-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-いたく ない" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じ-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-たく ない" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-たく ない" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たく ない" }, } return conj -- -te iru form for exceptions elseif row == "pro" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "うて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "うて います" }, png = { headstem .. "うて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "うて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "うて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "う-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "うて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "うて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "うて いません でした"}, } return conj elseif row == "pro" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる", "ゆって いる", "ゆうて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない", "ゆって いない", "ゆうて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います", "ゆって います", "ゆうて います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません", "ゆって いません", "ゆうて いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた", "ゆって いた", "ゆうて いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった", "ゆって いなかった", "ゆうて いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る", "ゆって-る", "ゆうて-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない", "ゆって-ない", "ゆうて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました", "ゆって いました", "ゆうて いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした", "ゆって いません でした", "ゆうて いません でした" }, } elseif row == "pro" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "って いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "って います" }, png = { headstem .. "って いません" }, per = { headstem .. "って いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "って いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "っ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "って-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "って いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "って いません でした"}, } return conj -- -te iru form elseif row == "pro" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "して いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "して います" }, png = { headstem .. "して いません" }, per = { headstem .. "して いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "して いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "し-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "して-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "して いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "して いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "きて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "きて います" }, png = { headstem .. "きて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "きて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "きて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "き-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "きて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "きて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "きて いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じて います" }, png = { headstem .. "じて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "じて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "じて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "じ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "じて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "じて いません でした"}, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "て いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "て います" }, png = { headstem .. "て いません" }, per = { headstem .. "て いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "て いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "-て-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "て いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "て いません でした"}, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした" }, } return conj end return conj end function map(tbl, f) local t = {} for k,v in pairs(tbl) do t[k] = f(v) end return t end function get_nth(sentence, n) local words = {} for word in sentence:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do words[#words + 1] = word end return words[n] end function splitByKana(text) local s = {} for i=1, #text, 3 do s[#s+1] = text:sub(i, i + 2) end return s end function isGodan(grade) return (string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "")) == 0 and string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "A")) == 3) end function contains(tab, val) for index, value in ipairs(tab) do if value == val then return true end end return false end return export bguk5d3z2uummwdm0dcsnvfd5iatgux 9890478 9890463 2026-09-08T10:55:16Z Fglffer 55252 9890478 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_ja = require("Module:ja") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_inflection_table = require("Module:inflection-table") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ja") local romaji = require("Module:Hrkt-translit").tr local ja_shift = require("Module:ja-shift").shift local ja_onbin = require("Module:ja-shift").onbin local ugsub = require("Module:string utilities").gsub function export.jaconj(frame) local params = { [1] = {}, -- Stem. For irregular verbs: "suru", "kuru", etc. [2] = {}, -- For godan: final kana, for ichidan: "ichi" ["head"] = {}, ["ou"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like 問う, 請う and 恋う ["hv"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like なさる ["sk"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For irregular single-kanji suru verbs } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {rows = {"dic", "pas", "cau", "pot", "per", "con", "hyp", "vol", "imp", "cps", "rpt", "des", "pro"}, forms = {}, cascade= {}, entry = {}} local head = args["head"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if head == "ja-conj-ex" then args[1] = "もや" args[2] = "す" head = "燃やす" end local sk = args["sk"] == true and true or false local headstem = head:sub(1, -4) -- Remove last kana if args[1] == nil then error("Parameter 1= is not set.") end if args[2] == nil then if args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "する" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "くる" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= is not set. It can only be left blank if parameter 1= is 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end elseif args[2] ~= "ichi" and args[2] ~= "i" then if (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) > 0) and (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "A")) == 1) and args[2] ~= "suru" and args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "zuru" and args[2] ~= "ずる" and args[2] ~= "kuru" and args[2] ~= "くる" and args[2] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= must consist of a single hiragana character, if not 'ichi/i', 'suru/する', 'zuru/ずる' or 'kuru/くる/来る'.") end end args[1] = args[1]:gsub("_", " ") local grade = args[2] == "i" and "ichi" or args[2] grade = args[2] == nil and args[1] or grade -- Irregular verbs grade = grade == "する" and "suru" or grade grade = (grade == "来る" or grade == "くる") and "kuru" or grade -- Suru-tsu verbs (check if final character of stem is "っ") if args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" and args[1]:sub(-3, -1) == "っ" then grade = "suru-tsu" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove 'する' if already present else headstem = head end -- Single-kanji suru verbs elseif (args["sk"] == true and (args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する")) or ((args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" and head:sub(1, -7):sub(1, -4) == "") and ugsub(head:sub(1, -7), "[A-Za-z0-9_.ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ]", "") ~= "" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "" sk = true -- Zuru verbs elseif (args[2] == "zuru" or args[2] == "ずる") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "ずる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "zuru" -- Noun + suru verbs elseif args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" then grade = "suru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) .. " " -- Remove 'する' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " する" else headstem = head .. " " head = head .. " する" end -- ? + kuru verbs elseif args[2] == "kuru" or args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" then grade = "kuru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "来る" or head:sub(-6, -1) == "くる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove '来る' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " 来る" else error("Missing「来る」in head= or page name.") end end local headkanji = headstem:gsub(" ", "") local headkanjikana = args[1] if (string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム. _-]", "")) > 0) and args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 1= must consist of hiragana or katakana characters only, if it is not set to 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞむ]", "")) == 0 and string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) == 0 and args[2] ~= nil then if args[1] .. args[2] ~= head then error("Hiragana readings for 1= and 2= do not correspond to head= or the page title.") end end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム]", "")) > 0 then local savedkana = {} for _, character in ipairs(splitByKana(args[1]:gsub(".", ""))) do headkanji = string.gsub(headkanji, character, function(kana) table.insert(savedkana, kana) return "" end) end for _, character in ipairs(savedkana) do headkanjikana = headkanjikana:gsub(character, "") end -- Isolate kanji end local ou = (head == "問う" or head == "請う" or head == "恋う" or args["ou"] == true) and true or false local honorific_verbs = {"いらっしゃる", "おっしゃる", "くださる", "ござる", "なさる"} local hv = (contains(honorific_verbs, args[1] .. grade) or args["hv"] == true) and true or false sk = args["sk"] == false and false or sk ou = args["ou"] == false and false or ou hv = args["hv"] == false and false or hv for key, row in pairs(data.rows) do data.forms[row] = autoConjugate(args[1], args[2], row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) for ckey, crow in pairs(data.forms[row]) do data.cascade[row .. "." .. tostring(ckey)] = crow end end return export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) end function export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) local result = {} local content_title = '「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">@HEADWORD</span>」（@ROMA，@ANNOTATION）的擴展變位表' local content = [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" |（參見[[Appendix:日語動詞]]和[[w:活用 (日語)|日語動詞變位]]） |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連用形|連用形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.mas} |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連體形|連體形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.pln} |- ! | ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | て形 | | {con.pln} | | {con.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 非過去式 / 未完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 過去式 / 完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pas.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {cau.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cau.pln}<br>縮約形：{cau.srt} | | {cau.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cau.pol} | | {cau.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 可能態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pot.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pot.pln} | | {pot.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pot.pol} | | {pot.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pot.per} | | {pot.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pot.ppr} | | {pot.ppn} @RANUKI ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 命令法 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#命令形|命令形]] / 強硬指示 | | @IMPERATIVE | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 其他命令構式 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 敬語請求 | | {imp.kud} | | {imp.nkd} @NASAI ! | 禁止形 / 不要〜 | | — | | {imp.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 意志形 / 推量形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {vol.pln} | | — |- ! | 敬語 | | {vol.pol} | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 條件形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 假定形 / 暫定形 | | {hyp.pln} | | {hyp.neg}<br>口語：{hyp.ngc} |- ! | [[たら#詞源1|たら形]] | | {hyp.tar} | | {hyp.nta} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | @CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cps.pln} | | {cps.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cps.pol} | | {cps.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {cps.per} | | {cps.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {cps.ppr} | | {cps.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 希求形（[[たい#後綴|たい形]]） |- ! ! |肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {des.pln} | | {des.neg} |- ! | colspan="2" | 關於其他希求形，參見[[たい#Inflection|<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">たい</span>#屈折變化]]。 |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 進行動作和現在狀態（[[いる|ている形]]） |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pro.pln}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.srt} | | {pro.neg}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.pst} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pro.pol} | | {pro.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pro.per} | | {pro.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pro.ppr} | | {pro.ppn} |- ==== |- ! colspan="2" | 其他形式和構式 @ARCHAICNEGATIVES ! | 否定連用形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.fng} |- ! | (〜<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">[[ずに|に]]</span>)：不〜地 |- ! | 代表形 / 列舉例 | | {dic.exa} |- ==== @FOOTNOTES ]=] local imperativeForms = (grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or grade == "zuru") and "書面語：{imp.wri},<br>口語：{imp.spo}" or "{imp.pln}" if sk == true then imperativeForms = "{imp.pln},<br>書面語：{imp.wri}<br>口語：{imp.spo}" end local annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]]=] if grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "i" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "e" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#下一段活用|下一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "kuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|カ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-っする</span>類]=] elseif grade == "zuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]「上一段活用」，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ずる/-じる</span>類]=] elseif sk == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-する</span>類]=] elseif head == "行く" and args[1] == "い" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「行く」→「行った」、「行って」]=] elseif hv == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，特殊敬語類：<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. args[1] .. args[2] .. '</span> → <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. args[1] .. 'い' .. '</span>)' elseif ou == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「-ou」→「-outa」、「-oute」]=] end if grade == "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | [[ら抜き言葉|ら抜き]]可能形 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {rpt.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {rpt.pln} | | {rpt.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {rpt.pol} | | {rpt.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {rpt.per} | | {rpt.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {rpt.ppr} | | {rpt.ppn} |- ]=]) else content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", '|- ') end if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", "標準形：{cps.mas}<br>口語形：{cps.mcl}@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT") else content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", '{cps.mas}') end if grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "kuru" or isGodan(grade) then if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}&nbsp;⁴ |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | Colloquial or dialectal <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;³') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | Archaic or classical negative | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 |- ! | 口語或方言<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;²') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') end end else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", '|- ') end if ((head == "なさる" or head == "為さる") and hv == true) then content = content:gsub("@NASAI", '|- ') else content = content:gsub("@NASAI", [=[ |- ! | [[なさい#日語|なさい形]] | | {imp.pol} | | — |- ]=]) end if #data.cascade["pro.srt"] > 1 then content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br><br>縮約形：<br>") else content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br>簡稱：") end local fn_causative = [=[在日常用語中，[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用動詞]]的使役被動語態中，「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">せら</span>」縮短為「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">さ</span>」：{cps.epl} → {cps.col}。]=] local fn_archaic = '古體形式，現多用於固定短語、書面語和正式談話。' if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ 口語中的非正式替代說法。<br>² 關西方言中的另一種口語形式。<br>³ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>⁴ ' .. fn_archaic) else if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>² ' .. fn_archaic) else content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_archaic) end end if grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "[[する]]") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来る") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", head) end content = content:gsub("@IMPERATIVE", imperativeForms) content_title = content_title:gsub("@ANNOTATION", '類別：' .. annotation) if headstem ~= args[1] and args[2] ~= nil and grade ~= "suru" and grade ~= "kuru" and grade ~= "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. args[2], "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "る", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "する", "jp") .. "''") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(head, "jp") .. "''") end table.insert(result, content) result = string.gsub(table.concat(result), "{([^|}]+)}", function(code) if data.cascade[code] == nil then error("Form code {" .. code .. "} not defined.") end data.entry[code] = map(data.cascade[code], function(i) if code == "cps.col" or code == "cps.epl" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja" >' .. i:gsub("-", "") .. '</span>' end local translit = "" if grade == "suru" and (args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "suru") then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp') elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana .. "す", 'jp'):sub(1, -3)) -- Less final letters 'su' else translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana, 'jp')):gsub(romaji(headstem, 'jp'), romaji(args[1], 'jp')) end local iruby = nil if (grade == "kuru" and headstem == "来") or (grade == "suru" and headstem == "為") then iruby = '<ruby>' .. headstem .. '<rt>' .. i:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "kuru") then local corresponding_kuru_form = autoConjugate("kuru", nil, code:sub(1, 3), "kuru", "来", "来る", false, false, false)[code:sub(5, 7)][1] iruby = headstem .. '<ruby>来<rt>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. "来" .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if i:sub(1, 3) == "言" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby elseif i:sub(1, 3) == "ゆ" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>ゆ</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji end end local jplinks = {} -- Suffixes and standalone words link to their own pages local count = 0 for w in i:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do count = count + 1 if (code ~= "dic.mas" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") or w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] or (grade == "kuru" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来"))) or ((grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru")) and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "")) then -- The stem should not be hyperlinked. if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif (code == "pas.mas" or code == "cau.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "cps.mas") and count == 1 then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and ((code ~= "pas.mas" and w == data.cascade["pas.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cau" and ((code ~= "cau.mas" and w == data.cascade["cau.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させ" or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and ((code ~= "pot.mas" and w == data.cascade["pot.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and ((code ~= "cps.mas" and w == data.cascade["cps.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させられ" or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "しさせられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させられ")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "rpt" and ((code ~= "rpt.mas" and w == data.cascade["rpt.mas"][1]:gsub("-", ""))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" and (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "さ") then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code == "hyp.neg" or code == "hyp.nta" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.tar" and count == 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.ngc" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and (count > 1 and (code ~= "cps.mas" and w == "させられ")) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif isGodan(grade) and code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) .. "され" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "て" or w == "ず" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "に" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "して" or w == "した" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Verb|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "な" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Etymology 4|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "させ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:させる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "られ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:られる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "れ" and count > 1 and (code == "pas.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "rpt.mas") then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:れる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "り" and count > 1 and code == "dic.exa" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たり#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "る" and count > 1 and code == "pro.srt" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:てる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ない" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pro" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:いない#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ぬ" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ぬ#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ん" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ん#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 and code == "dic.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:し#Etymology 7|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "ら" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たら#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif (w =="える" or w =="え") and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and (grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true) then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:得る|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cau.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "され" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and grade == "suru" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:される|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cps.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif code == "dic.pln" and w == mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. w .. "'''") else table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. "'''") end else if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. w .. ']]') else table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. ']]') end end end if code == "dic.fng" and not (args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言") then if isGodan(grade) then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;²' else return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;¹' end elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if translit:sub(1, 3) == "yut" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;¹]=] elseif translit:sub(1, 3) == "yū" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;²]=] elseif code == "dic.fng" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;⁴' end end return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>' end) return table.concat(data.entry[code], "<br>") end) result = mw.text.split(result, '\n====\n') result = m_inflection_table.make_box({ palette = "magenta", flow = 'vertical', title = content_title, }, m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", }, result[1] .. '\n') .. m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", notes = result[3], }, result[2] .. '\n') .. '\n') return result end function autoConjugate(stem, args2, row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) local conj = "—" if args2 == nil then headstem = "" end if row == "dic" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "う-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り", "ゆった-り", "ゆうた-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } elseif row == "dic" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "っ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "います" }, png = { headstem .. "いません" }, mas = { headstem .. "い" }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Dictionary / Imperfective / Non-past elseif row == "dic" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せん" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せ-ず", headstem .. "しず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こない" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "き" }, fng = { headstem .. "こ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "き-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "こ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "こ-ん" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "さない", headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "さ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "さ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "さ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずる", headstem .. "じる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ" }, fng = { headstem .. "ぜ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "じ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "ぜ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "ぜ-ん" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem }, fng = { headstem .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "-ん" }, } or { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Passive elseif row == "pas" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "しられ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Causative elseif row == "cau" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "しさす" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "こさす" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "じさす" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "す" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Potential elseif row == "pot" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "できる" }, neg = { headstem .. "できない" }, pol = { headstem .. "でき-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "でき-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "でき" }, con = { headstem .. "でき-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "でき-ない で", "でき-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "でき-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "でき-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "でき-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "でき-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "し-える", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "し-え", headstem .. "し-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, con = { headstem .. "こられ-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "こられ-ない で", "こられ-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せる", headstem .. "し-える" }, neg = { headstem .. "せ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-せ", headstem .. "し-え" }, per = { headstem .. "せ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "る" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e")}, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Ranuki potential (ichidan only) elseif row == "rpt" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective for exceptions elseif row == "per" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うた" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い-ません でした" }, } return conj elseif row == "per" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a"), "ゆった", "ゆうた" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif row == "per" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "った" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective elseif row == "per" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "した" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きた" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じた" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "た" }, neg = { headstem .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- -te form for exceptions elseif row == "con" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-ない で", headstem .. "わ-なくて" }, } return conj elseif row == "con" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e"), "ゆって", "ゆうて" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } elseif row == "con" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-ない で", headstem .. "か-なくて" }, } return conj -- -te form elseif row == "con" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない で", headstem .. "しなくて" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-ない で", "こ-なくて" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない で", headstem .. "じなくて" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て" }, neg = { headstem .. "-ない で", headstem .. "-なくて" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } return conj -- Conditional for exceptions elseif row == "hyp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "う-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj elseif row == "hyp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら", "ゆった-ら", "ゆうた-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } elseif row == "hyp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "っ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Conditional elseif row == "hyp" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "こなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "こ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "き-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "こなかったら" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば", headstem .. "せば" }, neg = { headstem .. "さなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "さ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "じなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "じ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "じ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "じなかったら" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "れば" }, neg = { headstem .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "なかったら" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Volitional elseif row == "vol" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ましょう" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ましょう" } } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "そう", headstem .. "-しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ましょう" } } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "よう" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ましょう" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ましょう" } } return conj -- Imperative for exceptions elseif row == "imp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "うて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください", "ゆって ください", "ゆうて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } elseif row == "imp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "って ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "い" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Imperative elseif row == "imp" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" then return { wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こい" }, pol = { headstem .. "きなさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "くる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "きて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "こない で ください" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せ" }, wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { wri = { headstem .. "ぜよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "じろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "ずる な", headstem .. "じる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "じて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "じない で ください" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { wri = { headstem .. "よ" }, spo = { headstem .. "ろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "る な" }, kud = { headstem .. "て ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "-ない で ください" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Causative passive elseif row == "cps" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } if isGodan(grade) then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, mcl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } end return conj -- Desiderative elseif row == "des" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "し-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-たく ない" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "き-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "き-たく ない" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "い-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-いたく ない" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じ-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-たく ない" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-たく ない" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たく ない" }, } return conj -- -te iru form for exceptions elseif row == "pro" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "うて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "うて います" }, png = { headstem .. "うて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "うて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "うて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "う-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "うて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "うて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "うて いません でした"}, } return conj elseif row == "pro" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる", "ゆって いる", "ゆうて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない", "ゆって いない", "ゆうて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います", "ゆって います", "ゆうて います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません", "ゆって いません", "ゆうて いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた", "ゆって いた", "ゆうて いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった", "ゆって いなかった", "ゆうて いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る", "ゆって-る", "ゆうて-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない", "ゆって-ない", "ゆうて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました", "ゆって いました", "ゆうて いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした", "ゆって いません でした", "ゆうて いません でした" }, } elseif row == "pro" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "って いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "って います" }, png = { headstem .. "って いません" }, per = { headstem .. "って いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "って いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "っ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "って-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "って いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "って いません でした"}, } return conj -- -te iru form elseif row == "pro" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "して いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "して います" }, png = { headstem .. "して いません" }, per = { headstem .. "して いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "して いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "し-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "して-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "して いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "して いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "きて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "きて います" }, png = { headstem .. "きて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "きて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "きて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "き-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "きて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "きて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "きて いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じて います" }, png = { headstem .. "じて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "じて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "じて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "じ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "じて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "じて いません でした"}, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "て いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "て います" }, png = { headstem .. "て いません" }, per = { headstem .. "て いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "て いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "-て-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "て いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "て いません でした"}, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした" }, } return conj end return conj end function map(tbl, f) local t = {} for k,v in pairs(tbl) do t[k] = f(v) end return t end function get_nth(sentence, n) local words = {} for word in sentence:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do words[#words + 1] = word end return words[n] end function splitByKana(text) local s = {} for i=1, #text, 3 do s[#s+1] = text:sub(i, i + 2) end return s end function isGodan(grade) return (string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "")) == 0 and string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "A")) == 3) end function contains(tab, val) for index, value in ipairs(tab) do if value == val then return true end end return false end return export 44u7oq779mhmdqccpkxvyl9ee2mfli5 9890480 9890478 2026-09-08T10:58:27Z Fglffer 55252 9890480 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_ja = require("Module:ja") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_inflection_table = require("Module:inflection-table") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ja") local romaji = require("Module:Hrkt-translit").tr local ja_shift = require("Module:ja-shift").shift local ja_onbin = require("Module:ja-shift").onbin local ugsub = require("Module:string utilities").gsub function export.jaconj(frame) local params = { [1] = {}, -- Stem. For irregular verbs: "suru", "kuru", etc. [2] = {}, -- For godan: final kana, for ichidan: "ichi" ["head"] = {}, ["ou"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like 問う, 請う and 恋う ["hv"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like なさる ["sk"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For irregular single-kanji suru verbs } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {rows = {"dic", "pas", "cau", "pot", "per", "con", "hyp", "vol", "imp", "cps", "rpt", "des", "pro"}, forms = {}, cascade= {}, entry = {}} local head = args["head"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if head == "ja-conj-ex" then args[1] = "もや" args[2] = "す" head = "燃やす" end local sk = args["sk"] == true and true or false local headstem = head:sub(1, -4) -- Remove last kana if args[1] == nil then error("Parameter 1= is not set.") end if args[2] == nil then if args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "する" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "くる" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= is not set. It can only be left blank if parameter 1= is 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end elseif args[2] ~= "ichi" and args[2] ~= "i" then if (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) > 0) and (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "A")) == 1) and args[2] ~= "suru" and args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "zuru" and args[2] ~= "ずる" and args[2] ~= "kuru" and args[2] ~= "くる" and args[2] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= must consist of a single hiragana character, if not 'ichi/i', 'suru/する', 'zuru/ずる' or 'kuru/くる/来る'.") end end args[1] = args[1]:gsub("_", " ") local grade = args[2] == "i" and "ichi" or args[2] grade = args[2] == nil and args[1] or grade -- Irregular verbs grade = grade == "する" and "suru" or grade grade = (grade == "来る" or grade == "くる") and "kuru" or grade -- Suru-tsu verbs (check if final character of stem is "っ") if args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" and args[1]:sub(-3, -1) == "っ" then grade = "suru-tsu" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove 'する' if already present else headstem = head end -- Single-kanji suru verbs elseif (args["sk"] == true and (args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する")) or ((args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" and head:sub(1, -7):sub(1, -4) == "") and ugsub(head:sub(1, -7), "[A-Za-z0-9_.ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ]", "") ~= "" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "" sk = true -- Zuru verbs elseif (args[2] == "zuru" or args[2] == "ずる") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "ずる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "zuru" -- Noun + suru verbs elseif args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" then grade = "suru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) .. " " -- Remove 'する' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " する" else headstem = head .. " " head = head .. " する" end -- ? + kuru verbs elseif args[2] == "kuru" or args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" then grade = "kuru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "来る" or head:sub(-6, -1) == "くる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove '来る' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " 来る" else error("Missing「来る」in head= or page name.") end end local headkanji = headstem:gsub(" ", "") local headkanjikana = args[1] if (string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム. _-]", "")) > 0) and args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 1= must consist of hiragana or katakana characters only, if it is not set to 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞむ]", "")) == 0 and string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) == 0 and args[2] ~= nil then if args[1] .. args[2] ~= head then error("Hiragana readings for 1= and 2= do not correspond to head= or the page title.") end end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム]", "")) > 0 then local savedkana = {} for _, character in ipairs(splitByKana(args[1]:gsub(".", ""))) do headkanji = string.gsub(headkanji, character, function(kana) table.insert(savedkana, kana) return "" end) end for _, character in ipairs(savedkana) do headkanjikana = headkanjikana:gsub(character, "") end -- Isolate kanji end local ou = (head == "問う" or head == "請う" or head == "恋う" or args["ou"] == true) and true or false local honorific_verbs = {"いらっしゃる", "おっしゃる", "くださる", "ござる", "なさる"} local hv = (contains(honorific_verbs, args[1] .. grade) or args["hv"] == true) and true or false sk = args["sk"] == false and false or sk ou = args["ou"] == false and false or ou hv = args["hv"] == false and false or hv for key, row in pairs(data.rows) do data.forms[row] = autoConjugate(args[1], args[2], row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) for ckey, crow in pairs(data.forms[row]) do data.cascade[row .. "." .. tostring(ckey)] = crow end end return export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) end function export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) local result = {} local content_title = '「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">@HEADWORD</span>」（@ROMA，@ANNOTATION）的擴展變位表' local content = [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" |（參見[[Appendix:日語動詞]]和[[w:活用 (日語)|日語動詞活用]]） |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連用形|連用形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.mas} |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連體形|連體形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.pln} |- ! | ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | て形 | | {con.pln} | | {con.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 非過去式 / 未完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 過去式 / 完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pas.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {cau.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cau.pln}<br>縮約形：{cau.srt} | | {cau.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cau.pol} | | {cau.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 可能態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pot.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pot.pln} | | {pot.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pot.pol} | | {pot.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pot.per} | | {pot.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pot.ppr} | | {pot.ppn} @RANUKI ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 命令法 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#命令形|命令形]] / 強硬指示 | | @IMPERATIVE | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 其他命令構式 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 敬語請求 | | {imp.kud} | | {imp.nkd} @NASAI ! | 禁止形 / 不要〜 | | — | | {imp.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 意志形 / 推量形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {vol.pln} | | — |- ! | 敬語 | | {vol.pol} | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 條件形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 假定形 / 暫定形 | | {hyp.pln} | | {hyp.neg}<br>口語：{hyp.ngc} |- ! | [[たら#詞源1|たら形]] | | {hyp.tar} | | {hyp.nta} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | @CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cps.pln} | | {cps.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cps.pol} | | {cps.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {cps.per} | | {cps.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {cps.ppr} | | {cps.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 希求形（[[たい#後綴|たい形]]） |- ! ! |肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {des.pln} | | {des.neg} |- ! | colspan="2" | 關於其他希求形，參見[[たい#活用|<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">たい</span>#活用]]。 |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 進行動作和現在狀態（[[いる|ている形]]） |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pro.pln}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.srt} | | {pro.neg}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.pst} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pro.pol} | | {pro.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pro.per} | | {pro.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pro.ppr} | | {pro.ppn} |- ==== |- ! colspan="2" | 其他形式和構式 @ARCHAICNEGATIVES ! | 否定連用形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.fng} |- ! | (〜<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">[[ずに|に]]</span>)：不〜地 |- ! | 代表形 / 列舉例 | | {dic.exa} |- ==== @FOOTNOTES ]=] local imperativeForms = (grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or grade == "zuru") and "書面語：{imp.wri},<br>口語：{imp.spo}" or "{imp.pln}" if sk == true then imperativeForms = "{imp.pln},<br>書面語：{imp.wri}<br>口語：{imp.spo}" end local annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]]=] if grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "i" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "e" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#下一段活用|下一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "kuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|カ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-っする</span>類]=] elseif grade == "zuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]「上一段活用」，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ずる/-じる</span>類]=] elseif sk == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-する</span>類]=] elseif head == "行く" and args[1] == "い" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「行く」→「行った」、「行って」]=] elseif hv == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，特殊敬語類：<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. args[1] .. args[2] .. '</span> → <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. args[1] .. 'い' .. '</span>)' elseif ou == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「-ou」→「-outa」、「-oute」]=] end if grade == "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | [[ら抜き言葉|ら抜き]]可能形 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {rpt.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {rpt.pln} | | {rpt.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {rpt.pol} | | {rpt.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {rpt.per} | | {rpt.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {rpt.ppr} | | {rpt.ppn} |- ]=]) else content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", '|- ') end if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", "標準形：{cps.mas}<br>口語形：{cps.mcl}@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT") else content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", '{cps.mas}') end if grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "kuru" or isGodan(grade) then if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}&nbsp;⁴ |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | Colloquial or dialectal <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;³') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | Archaic or classical negative | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 |- ! | 口語或方言<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;²') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') end end else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", '|- ') end if ((head == "なさる" or head == "為さる") and hv == true) then content = content:gsub("@NASAI", '|- ') else content = content:gsub("@NASAI", [=[ |- ! | [[なさい#日語|なさい形]] | | {imp.pol} | | — |- ]=]) end if #data.cascade["pro.srt"] > 1 then content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br><br>縮約形：<br>") else content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br>簡稱：") end local fn_causative = [=[在日常用語中，[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用動詞]]的使役被動語態中，「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">せら</span>」縮短為「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">さ</span>」：{cps.epl} → {cps.col}。]=] local fn_archaic = '古體形式，現多用於固定短語、書面語和正式談話。' if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ 口語中的非正式替代說法。<br>² 關西方言中的另一種口語形式。<br>³ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>⁴ ' .. fn_archaic) else if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>² ' .. fn_archaic) else content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_archaic) end end if grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "[[する]]") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来る") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", head) end content = content:gsub("@IMPERATIVE", imperativeForms) content_title = content_title:gsub("@ANNOTATION", '類別：' .. annotation) if headstem ~= args[1] and args[2] ~= nil and grade ~= "suru" and grade ~= "kuru" and grade ~= "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. args[2], "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "る", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "する", "jp") .. "''") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(head, "jp") .. "''") end table.insert(result, content) result = string.gsub(table.concat(result), "{([^|}]+)}", function(code) if data.cascade[code] == nil then error("Form code {" .. code .. "} not defined.") end data.entry[code] = map(data.cascade[code], function(i) if code == "cps.col" or code == "cps.epl" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja" >' .. i:gsub("-", "") .. '</span>' end local translit = "" if grade == "suru" and (args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "suru") then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp') elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana .. "す", 'jp'):sub(1, -3)) -- Less final letters 'su' else translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana, 'jp')):gsub(romaji(headstem, 'jp'), romaji(args[1], 'jp')) end local iruby = nil if (grade == "kuru" and headstem == "来") or (grade == "suru" and headstem == "為") then iruby = '<ruby>' .. headstem .. '<rt>' .. i:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "kuru") then local corresponding_kuru_form = autoConjugate("kuru", nil, code:sub(1, 3), "kuru", "来", "来る", false, false, false)[code:sub(5, 7)][1] iruby = headstem .. '<ruby>来<rt>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. "来" .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if i:sub(1, 3) == "言" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby elseif i:sub(1, 3) == "ゆ" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>ゆ</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji end end local jplinks = {} -- Suffixes and standalone words link to their own pages local count = 0 for w in i:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do count = count + 1 if (code ~= "dic.mas" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") or w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] or (grade == "kuru" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来"))) or ((grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru")) and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "")) then -- The stem should not be hyperlinked. if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif (code == "pas.mas" or code == "cau.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "cps.mas") and count == 1 then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and ((code ~= "pas.mas" and w == data.cascade["pas.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cau" and ((code ~= "cau.mas" and w == data.cascade["cau.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させ" or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and ((code ~= "pot.mas" and w == data.cascade["pot.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and ((code ~= "cps.mas" and w == data.cascade["cps.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させられ" or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "しさせられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させられ")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "rpt" and ((code ~= "rpt.mas" and w == data.cascade["rpt.mas"][1]:gsub("-", ""))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" and (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "さ") then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code == "hyp.neg" or code == "hyp.nta" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.tar" and count == 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.ngc" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and (count > 1 and (code ~= "cps.mas" and w == "させられ")) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif isGodan(grade) and code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) .. "され" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "て" or w == "ず" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "に" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "して" or w == "した" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Verb|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "な" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Etymology 4|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "させ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:させる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "られ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:られる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "れ" and count > 1 and (code == "pas.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "rpt.mas") then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:れる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "り" and count > 1 and code == "dic.exa" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たり#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "る" and count > 1 and code == "pro.srt" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:てる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ない" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pro" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:いない#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ぬ" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ぬ#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ん" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ん#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 and code == "dic.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:し#Etymology 7|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "ら" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たら#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif (w =="える" or w =="え") and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and (grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true) then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:得る|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cau.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "され" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and grade == "suru" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:される|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cps.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif code == "dic.pln" and w == mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. w .. "'''") else table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. "'''") end else if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. w .. ']]') else table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. ']]') end end end if code == "dic.fng" and not (args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言") then if isGodan(grade) then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;²' else return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;¹' end elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if translit:sub(1, 3) == "yut" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;¹]=] elseif translit:sub(1, 3) == "yū" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;²]=] elseif code == "dic.fng" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;⁴' end end return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>' end) return table.concat(data.entry[code], "<br>") end) result = mw.text.split(result, '\n====\n') result = m_inflection_table.make_box({ palette = "magenta", flow = 'vertical', title = content_title, }, m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", }, result[1] .. '\n') .. m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", notes = result[3], }, result[2] .. '\n') .. '\n') return result end function autoConjugate(stem, args2, row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) local conj = "—" if args2 == nil then headstem = "" end if row == "dic" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "う-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り", "ゆった-り", "ゆうた-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } elseif row == "dic" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "っ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "います" }, png = { headstem .. "いません" }, mas = { headstem .. "い" }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Dictionary / Imperfective / Non-past elseif row == "dic" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せん" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せ-ず", headstem .. "しず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こない" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "き" }, fng = { headstem .. "こ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "き-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "こ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "こ-ん" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "さない", headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "さ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "さ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "さ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずる", headstem .. "じる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ" }, fng = { headstem .. "ぜ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "じ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "ぜ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "ぜ-ん" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem }, fng = { headstem .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "-ん" }, } or { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Passive elseif row == "pas" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "しられ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Causative elseif row == "cau" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "しさす" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "こさす" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "じさす" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "す" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Potential elseif row == "pot" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "できる" }, neg = { headstem .. "できない" }, pol = { headstem .. "でき-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "でき-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "でき" }, con = { headstem .. "でき-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "でき-ない で", "でき-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "でき-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "でき-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "でき-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "でき-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "し-える", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "し-え", headstem .. "し-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, con = { headstem .. "こられ-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "こられ-ない で", "こられ-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せる", headstem .. "し-える" }, neg = { headstem .. "せ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-せ", headstem .. "し-え" }, per = { headstem .. "せ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "る" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e")}, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Ranuki potential (ichidan only) elseif row == "rpt" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective for exceptions elseif row == "per" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うた" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い-ません でした" }, } return conj elseif row == "per" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a"), "ゆった", "ゆうた" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif row == "per" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "った" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective elseif row == "per" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "した" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きた" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じた" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "た" }, neg = { headstem .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- -te form for exceptions elseif row == "con" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-ない で", headstem .. "わ-なくて" }, } return conj elseif row == "con" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e"), "ゆって", "ゆうて" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } elseif row == "con" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-ない で", headstem .. "か-なくて" }, } return conj -- -te form elseif row == "con" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない で", headstem .. "しなくて" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-ない で", "こ-なくて" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない で", headstem .. "じなくて" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て" }, neg = { headstem .. "-ない で", headstem .. "-なくて" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } return conj -- Conditional for exceptions elseif row == "hyp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "う-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj elseif row == "hyp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら", "ゆった-ら", "ゆうた-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } elseif row == "hyp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "っ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Conditional elseif row == "hyp" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "こなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "こ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "き-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "こなかったら" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば", headstem .. "せば" }, neg = { headstem .. "さなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "さ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "じなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "じ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "じ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "じなかったら" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "れば" }, neg = { headstem .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "なかったら" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Volitional elseif row == "vol" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ましょう" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ましょう" } } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "そう", headstem .. "-しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ましょう" } } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "よう" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ましょう" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ましょう" } } return conj -- Imperative for exceptions elseif row == "imp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "うて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください", "ゆって ください", "ゆうて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } elseif row == "imp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "って ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "い" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Imperative elseif row == "imp" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" then return { wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こい" }, pol = { headstem .. "きなさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "くる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "きて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "こない で ください" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せ" }, wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { wri = { headstem .. "ぜよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "じろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "ずる な", headstem .. "じる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "じて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "じない で ください" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { wri = { headstem .. "よ" }, spo = { headstem .. "ろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "る な" }, kud = { headstem .. "て ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "-ない で ください" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Causative passive elseif row == "cps" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } if isGodan(grade) then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, mcl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } end return conj -- Desiderative elseif row == "des" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "し-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-たく ない" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "き-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "き-たく ない" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "い-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-いたく ない" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じ-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-たく ない" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-たく ない" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たく ない" }, } return conj -- -te iru form for exceptions elseif row == "pro" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "うて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "うて います" }, png = { headstem .. "うて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "うて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "うて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "う-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "うて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "うて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "うて いません でした"}, } return conj elseif row == "pro" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる", "ゆって いる", "ゆうて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない", "ゆって いない", "ゆうて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います", "ゆって います", "ゆうて います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません", "ゆって いません", "ゆうて いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた", "ゆって いた", "ゆうて いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった", "ゆって いなかった", "ゆうて いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る", "ゆって-る", "ゆうて-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない", "ゆって-ない", "ゆうて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました", "ゆって いました", "ゆうて いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした", "ゆって いません でした", "ゆうて いません でした" }, } elseif row == "pro" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "って いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "って います" }, png = { headstem .. "って いません" }, per = { headstem .. "って いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "って いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "っ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "って-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "って いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "って いません でした"}, } return conj -- -te iru form elseif row == "pro" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "して いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "して います" }, png = { headstem .. "して いません" }, per = { headstem .. "して いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "して いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "し-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "して-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "して いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "して いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "きて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "きて います" }, png = { headstem .. "きて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "きて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "きて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "き-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "きて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "きて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "きて いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じて います" }, png = { headstem .. "じて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "じて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "じて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "じ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "じて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "じて いません でした"}, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "て いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "て います" }, png = { headstem .. "て いません" }, per = { headstem .. "て いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "て いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "-て-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "て いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "て いません でした"}, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした" }, } return conj end return conj end function map(tbl, f) local t = {} for k,v in pairs(tbl) do t[k] = f(v) end return t end function get_nth(sentence, n) local words = {} for word in sentence:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do words[#words + 1] = word end return words[n] end function splitByKana(text) local s = {} for i=1, #text, 3 do s[#s+1] = text:sub(i, i + 2) end return s end function isGodan(grade) return (string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "")) == 0 and string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "A")) == 3) end function contains(tab, val) for index, value in ipairs(tab) do if value == val then return true end end return false end return export 2go6dg5ktit2sha9wnpy7w5v5phh1mx 9890481 9890480 2026-09-08T11:00:46Z Fglffer 55252 9890481 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_ja = require("Module:ja") local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_inflection_table = require("Module:inflection-table") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("ja") local romaji = require("Module:Hrkt-translit").tr local ja_shift = require("Module:ja-shift").shift local ja_onbin = require("Module:ja-shift").onbin local ugsub = require("Module:string utilities").gsub function export.jaconj(frame) local params = { [1] = {}, -- Stem. For irregular verbs: "suru", "kuru", etc. [2] = {}, -- For godan: final kana, for ichidan: "ichi" ["head"] = {}, ["ou"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like 問う, 請う and 恋う ["hv"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For exceptions like なさる ["sk"] = {type = "boolean", default = nil}, -- For irregular single-kanji suru verbs } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local data = {rows = {"dic", "pas", "cau", "pot", "per", "con", "hyp", "vol", "imp", "cps", "rpt", "des", "pro"}, forms = {}, cascade= {}, entry = {}} local head = args["head"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename if head == "ja-conj-ex" then args[1] = "もや" args[2] = "す" head = "燃やす" end local sk = args["sk"] == true and true or false local headstem = head:sub(1, -4) -- Remove last kana if args[1] == nil then error("Parameter 1= is not set.") end if args[2] == nil then if args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "する" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "くる" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= is not set. It can only be left blank if parameter 1= is 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end elseif args[2] ~= "ichi" and args[2] ~= "i" then if (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) > 0) and (string.len(args[2]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "A")) == 1) and args[2] ~= "suru" and args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "zuru" and args[2] ~= "ずる" and args[2] ~= "kuru" and args[2] ~= "くる" and args[2] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 2= must consist of a single hiragana character, if not 'ichi/i', 'suru/する', 'zuru/ずる' or 'kuru/くる/来る'.") end end args[1] = args[1]:gsub("_", " ") local grade = args[2] == "i" and "ichi" or args[2] grade = args[2] == nil and args[1] or grade -- Irregular verbs grade = grade == "する" and "suru" or grade grade = (grade == "来る" or grade == "くる") and "kuru" or grade -- Suru-tsu verbs (check if final character of stem is "っ") if args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" and args[1]:sub(-3, -1) == "っ" then grade = "suru-tsu" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove 'する' if already present else headstem = head end -- Single-kanji suru verbs elseif (args["sk"] == true and (args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する")) or ((args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" and head:sub(1, -7):sub(1, -4) == "") and ugsub(head:sub(1, -7), "[A-Za-z0-9_.ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾ]", "") ~= "" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "" sk = true -- Zuru verbs elseif (args[2] == "zuru" or args[2] == "ずる") and head:sub(-6, -1) == "ずる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) grade = "zuru" -- Noun + suru verbs elseif args[2] == "suru" or args[2] == "する" then grade = "suru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "する" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) .. " " -- Remove 'する' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " する" else headstem = head .. " " head = head .. " する" end -- ? + kuru verbs elseif args[2] == "kuru" or args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" then grade = "kuru" if head:sub(-6, -1) == "来る" or head:sub(-6, -1) == "くる" then headstem = head:sub(1, -7) -- Remove '来る' if already present head = head:sub(1, -7) .. " 来る" else error("Missing「来る」in head= or page name.") end end local headkanji = headstem:gsub(" ", "") local headkanjikana = args[1] if (string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム. _-]", "")) > 0) and args[1] ~= "suru" and args[1] ~= "kuru" and args[1] ~= "来る" then error("Parameter 1= must consist of hiragana or katakana characters only, if it is not set to 'suru' or 'kuru'.") end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞむ]", "")) == 0 and string.len(args[1]:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞ]", "")) == 0 and args[2] ~= nil then if args[1] .. args[2] ~= head then error("Hiragana readings for 1= and 2= do not correspond to head= or the page title.") end end if string.len(headkanji:gsub("[ぁ-ゖゝゞァ-ヶヽヾむム]", "")) > 0 then local savedkana = {} for _, character in ipairs(splitByKana(args[1]:gsub(".", ""))) do headkanji = string.gsub(headkanji, character, function(kana) table.insert(savedkana, kana) return "" end) end for _, character in ipairs(savedkana) do headkanjikana = headkanjikana:gsub(character, "") end -- Isolate kanji end local ou = (head == "問う" or head == "請う" or head == "恋う" or args["ou"] == true) and true or false local honorific_verbs = {"いらっしゃる", "おっしゃる", "くださる", "ござる", "なさる"} local hv = (contains(honorific_verbs, args[1] .. grade) or args["hv"] == true) and true or false sk = args["sk"] == false and false or sk ou = args["ou"] == false and false or ou hv = args["hv"] == false and false or hv for key, row in pairs(data.rows) do data.forms[row] = autoConjugate(args[1], args[2], row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) for ckey, crow in pairs(data.forms[row]) do data.cascade[row .. "." .. tostring(ckey)] = crow end end return export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) end function export.make_table(frame, data, headstem, headkanji, headkanjikana, args, head, grade, ou, hv, sk) local result = {} local content_title = '「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">@HEADWORD</span>」（@ROMA，@ANNOTATION）的擴展變位表' local content = [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" |（參見[[Appendix:日語動詞]]和[[w:活用 (日語)|日語動詞活用]]） |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連用形|連用形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.mas} |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#連體形|連體形]] | colspan="2" | {dic.pln} |- ! | ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | て形 | | {con.pln} | | {con.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 非過去式 / 未完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 過去式 / 完成體 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pas.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {dic.pln} | | {dic.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {dic.pol} | | {dic.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {cau.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cau.pln}<br>縮約形：{cau.srt} | | {cau.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cau.pol} | | {cau.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pas.per} | | {pas.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pas.ppr} | | {pas.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 可能態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {pot.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pot.pln} | | {pot.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pot.pol} | | {pot.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pot.per} | | {pot.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pot.ppr} | | {pot.ppn} @RANUKI ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 命令法 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | [[Appendix:日語術語表#命令形|命令形]] / 強硬指示 | | @IMPERATIVE | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 其他命令構式 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 敬語請求 | | {imp.kud} | | {imp.nkd} @NASAI ! | 禁止形 / 不要〜 | | — | | {imp.neg} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 意志形 / 推量形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {vol.pln} | | — |- ! | 敬語 | | {vol.pol} | | — |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 條件形 |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 假定形 / 暫定形 | | {hyp.pln} | | {hyp.neg}<br>口語：{hyp.ngc} |- ! | [[たら#詞源1|たら形]] | | {hyp.tar} | | {hyp.nta} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 使役被動態 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | @CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {cps.pln} | | {cps.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {cps.pol} | | {cps.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {cps.per} | | {cps.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {cps.ppr} | | {cps.ppn} |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 希求形（[[たい#後綴|たい形]]） |- ! ! |肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {des.pln} | | {des.neg} |- ! | colspan="2" | 關於其他希求形，參見[[たい#活用|<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">たい</span>#活用]]。 |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | 進行動作和現在狀態（[[いる|ている形]]） |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {pro.pln}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.srt} | | {pro.neg}@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS {pro.pst} |- ! | 敬語 | | {pro.pol} | | {pro.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {pro.per} | | {pro.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {pro.ppr} | | {pro.ppn} |- ==== |- ! colspan="2" | 其他形式和構式 @ARCHAICNEGATIVES ! | 否定連用形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.fng} |- ! | (〜<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">[[ずに|に]]</span>)：不〜地 |- ! | 代表形 / 列舉例 | | {dic.exa} |- ==== @FOOTNOTES ]=] local imperativeForms = (grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or grade == "zuru") and "書面語：{imp.wri},<br>口語：{imp.spo}" or "{imp.pln}" if sk == true then imperativeForms = "{imp.pln},<br>書面語：{imp.wri}<br>口語：{imp.spo}" end local annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]]=] if grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "i" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "ichi" and romaji(args[1]:sub(-3), 'jp'):sub(-1) == "e" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#下一段活用|下一段活用]]]=] elseif grade == "kuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|カ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]]=] elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-っする</span>類]=] elseif grade == "zuru" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#上一段活用|上一段活用]]「上一段活用」，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ずる/-じる</span>類]=] elseif sk == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#カ行変格活用|サ行變格活用]] + [[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]，特殊單漢字<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-する</span>類]=] elseif head == "行く" and args[1] == "い" then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「行く」→「行った」、「行って」]=] elseif hv == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，特殊敬語類：<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. args[1] .. args[2] .. '</span> → <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. args[1] .. 'い' .. '</span>)' elseif ou == true then annotation = [=[[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用]]「五段活用」，不規則音便形：「-ou」→「-outa」、「-oute」]=] end if grade == "ichi" then content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", [=[ |- ! colspan="3" class="outer" | [[ら抜き言葉|ら抜き]]可能形 |- ! | 動詞詞幹 | colspan="2" | {rpt.mas} |- ! ! | 肯定 ! | 否定 |- ! | 常體 | | {rpt.pln} | | {rpt.neg} |- ! | 敬語 | | {rpt.pol} | | {rpt.png} |- ! | 過去式 | | {rpt.per} | | {rpt.prn} |- ! | 敬語過去式 | | {rpt.ppr} | | {rpt.ppn} |- ]=]) else content = content:gsub("@RANUKI", '|- ') end if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", "標準形：{cps.mas}<br>口語形：{cps.mcl}@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT") else content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESTEM", '{cps.mas}') end if grade == "ichi" or grade == "suru" or grade == "kuru" or isGodan(grade) then if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}&nbsp;⁴ |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | Colloquial or dialectal <span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;³') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", [=[ |- ! | 古語或文語否定形 | rowspan="2" | {dic.arn}@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT |- ! | 古語連體否定形 |- ! | 口語或方言<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">-ん</span>否定形 | | {dic.cln} |- ]=]) if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@CAUSATIVEPASSIVESUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;²') else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICSUPERSCRIPT", '&nbsp;¹') end end else content = content:gsub("@ARCHAICNEGATIVES", '|- ') end if ((head == "なさる" or head == "為さる") and hv == true) then content = content:gsub("@NASAI", '|- ') else content = content:gsub("@NASAI", [=[ |- ! | [[なさい#日語|なさい形]] | | {imp.pol} | | — |- ]=]) end if #data.cascade["pro.srt"] > 1 then content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br><br>縮約形：<br>") else content = content:gsub("@PROGRESSIVECONTRACTIONS", "<br>簡稱：") end local fn_causative = [=[在日常用語中，[[Appendix:日語動詞#五段活用|五段活用動詞]]的使役被動語態中，「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">せら</span>」縮短為「<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">さ</span>」：{cps.epl} → {cps.col}。]=] local fn_archaic = '古體形式，現多用於固定短語、書面語和正式談話。' if args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ 口語中的非正式替代說法。<br>² 關西方言中的另一種口語形式。<br>³ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>⁴ ' .. fn_archaic) else if isGodan(grade) then content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_causative .. '<br>² ' .. fn_archaic) else content = content:gsub("@FOOTNOTES", '¹ ' .. fn_archaic) end end if grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "[[する]]") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来る") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@HEADWORD", head) end content = content:gsub("@IMPERATIVE", imperativeForms) content_title = content_title:gsub("@ANNOTATION", '類別：' .. annotation) if headstem ~= args[1] and args[2] ~= nil and grade ~= "suru" and grade ~= "kuru" and grade ~= "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. args[2], "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "ichi" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "る", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "くる" or args[2] == "kuru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "kuru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("くる", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru") then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1], "jp") .. " " .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji("する", "jp") .. "''") elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(args[1] .. "する", "jp") .. "''") else content_title = content_title:gsub("@ROMA", " ''" .. romaji(head, "jp") .. "''") end table.insert(result, content) result = string.gsub(table.concat(result), "{([^|}]+)}", function(code) if data.cascade[code] == nil then error("Form code {" .. code .. "} not defined.") end data.entry[code] = map(data.cascade[code], function(i) if code == "cps.col" or code == "cps.epl" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja" >' .. i:gsub("-", "") .. '</span>' end local translit = "" if grade == "suru" and (args[2] ~= "する" and args[2] ~= "suru") then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp') elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana .. "す", 'jp'):sub(1, -3)) -- Less final letters 'su' else translit = romaji(i:gsub("-", ""), 'jp'):gsub(headkanji, romaji(headkanjikana, 'jp')):gsub(romaji(headstem, 'jp'), romaji(args[1], 'jp')) end local iruby = nil if (grade == "kuru" and headstem == "来") or (grade == "suru" and headstem == "為") then iruby = '<ruby>' .. headstem .. '<rt>' .. i:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif grade == "kuru" and (args[2] == "来る" or args[2] == "kuru") then local corresponding_kuru_form = autoConjugate("kuru", nil, code:sub(1, 3), "kuru", "来", "来る", false, false, false)[code:sub(5, 7)][1] iruby = headstem .. '<ruby>来<rt>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(1, 3) .. '</rt></ruby>' .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. "来" .. corresponding_kuru_form:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if i:sub(1, 3) == "言" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>い</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby elseif i:sub(1, 3) == "ゆ" then iruby = '<ruby>言<rt>ゆ</rt></ruby>' .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji, +ruby i = headstem .. i:sub(4) -- Remove first character, + kanji end end local jplinks = {} -- Suffixes and standalone words link to their own pages local count = 0 for w in i:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do count = count + 1 if (code ~= "dic.mas" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") or w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] or (grade == "kuru" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "来"))) or ((grade == "suru" and (args[2] == "する" or args[2] == "suru")) and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "")) then -- The stem should not be hyperlinked. if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif (code == "pas.mas" or code == "cau.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "cps.mas") and count == 1 then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and ((code ~= "pas.mas" and w == data.cascade["pas.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "され")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cau" and ((code ~= "cau.mas" and w == data.cascade["cau.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させ" or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and ((code ~= "pot.mas" and w == data.cascade["pot.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "られ" or (grade == "zuru" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "ぜ")) or (sk == true and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せ") or (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "せられ"))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and ((code ~= "cps.mas" and w == data.cascade["cps.mas"][1]:gsub("-", "")) or (w == data.cascade["dic.mas"][1] .. "させられ" or (grade == "suru-tsu" and (w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "しさせられ" or w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "させられ")))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "rpt" and ((code ~= "rpt.mas" and w == data.cascade["rpt.mas"][1]:gsub("-", ""))) then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" and (grade == "suru-tsu" and w == headstem:gsub(" ", "") .. "さ") then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, w) else table.insert(jplinks, get_nth(iruby, count)) end elseif code == "hyp.neg" or code == "hyp.nta" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.tar" and count == 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code == "hyp.ngc" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and (count > 1 and (code ~= "cps.mas" and w == "させられ")) then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif isGodan(grade) and code:sub(1, 3) == "cps" and w == headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a", true) .. "され" then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "て" or w == "ず" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "に" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "して" or w == "した" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Verb|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "な" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Etymology 4|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "させ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:させる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "られ" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:られる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "れ" and count > 1 and (code == "pas.mas" or code == "pot.mas" or code == "rpt.mas") then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:れる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "り" and count > 1 and code == "dic.exa" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たり#Particle|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "る" and count > 1 and code == "pro.srt" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:てる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ない" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pro" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:いない#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ぬ" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ぬ#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w =="ん" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "dic" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:ん#Etymology 2|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 and code == "dic.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:し#Etymology 7|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "し" and count > 1 then table.insert(jplinks, w) elseif w == "ら" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "hyp" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:たら#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif (w =="える" or w =="え") and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pot" and (grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true) then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:得る|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cau.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Etymology 1|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "され" and count > 1 and code:sub(1, 3) == "pas" and grade == "suru" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:される|' .. w .. ']]') elseif w == "せ" and count > 1 and code == "cps.mas" then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:せる#Suffix|' .. w .. ']]') elseif code == "dic.pln" and w == mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename then if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. w .. "'''") else table.insert(jplinks, "'''" .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. "'''") end else if iruby == nil then table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. w .. ']]') else table.insert(jplinks, '[[:' .. w .. '#Japanese|' .. get_nth(iruby, count) .. ']]') end end end if code == "dic.fng" and not (args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言") then if isGodan(grade) then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;²' else return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;¹' end elseif args[1] == "い" and grade == "う" and headstem == "言" then if translit:sub(1, 3) == "yut" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;¹]=] elseif translit:sub(1, 3) == "yū" then return [=[<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">]=] .. table.concat(jplinks) .. [=[</span> <span >[]=] .. translit .. [=[]</span>&nbsp;²]=] elseif code == "dic.fng" then return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>&nbsp;⁴' end end return '<span class="Jpan" lang="ja">' .. table.concat(jplinks) .. '</span> <span >[' .. translit .. ']</span>' end) return table.concat(data.entry[code], "<br>") end) result = mw.text.split(result, '\n====\n') result = m_inflection_table.make_box({ palette = "magenta", flow = 'vertical', title = content_title, }, m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", }, result[1] .. '\n') .. m_inflection_table.make_table({ palette = "magenta", title = "-", notes = result[3], }, result[2] .. '\n') .. '\n') return result end function autoConjugate(stem, args2, row, grade, headstem, head, ou, hv, sk) local conj = "—" if args2 == nil then headstem = "" end if row == "dic" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "う-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り", "ゆった-り", "ゆうた-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } elseif row == "dic" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "っ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj elseif row == "dic" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "います" }, png = { headstem .. "いません" }, mas = { headstem .. "い" }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Dictionary / Imperfective / Non-past elseif row == "dic" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せん" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "せ-ず", headstem .. "しず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "せ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "せ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こない" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "き" }, fng = { headstem .. "こ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "き-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "こ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "こ-ん" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "する" }, neg = { headstem .. "さない", headstem .. "しない" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し" }, fng = { headstem .. "さ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "し-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "さ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "さ-ん" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずる", headstem .. "じる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ" }, fng = { headstem .. "ぜ-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "じ-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "ぜ-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "ぜ-ん" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem }, fng = { headstem .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. "-たり" }, arn = { headstem .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. "-ん" }, } or { pln = { head }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") }, fng = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ず" }, exa = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-り" }, arn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ぬ" }, cln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-ん" }, } return conj -- Passive elseif row == "pas" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "しられ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "され-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Causative elseif row == "cau" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "しさす" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "こさす" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "じさす" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "させる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ" }, srt = { headstem .. "さす" }, per = { headstem .. "させ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "す" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Potential elseif row == "pot" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "できる" }, neg = { headstem .. "できない" }, pol = { headstem .. "でき-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "でき-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "でき" }, con = { headstem .. "でき-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "でき-ない で", "でき-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "でき-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "でき-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "でき-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "でき-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "せられる", headstem .. "し-える", headstem .. "しられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない", headstem .. "しられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます", headstem .. "しられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません", headstem .. "しられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "せ-られ", headstem .. "し-え", headstem .. "し-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "せられ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た", headstem .. "しられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった", headstem .. "しられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました", headstem .. "しられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした", headstem .. "しられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-られ" }, con = { headstem .. "こられ-て" }, cng = { headstem .. "こられ-ない で", "こられ-なくて" }, per = { headstem .. "こられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せる", headstem .. "し-える" }, neg = { headstem .. "せ-ない", headstem .. "し-え-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "せ-ます", headstem .. "し-え-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "せ-ません", headstem .. "し-え-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-せ", headstem .. "し-え" }, per = { headstem .. "せ-た", headstem .. "し-え-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "せ-なかった", headstem .. "し-え-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "せ-ました", headstem .. "し-え-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "せ-ません でした", headstem .. "し-え-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じられる", headstem .. "ぜられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じられ-ない", headstem .. "ぜられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じられ-ます", headstem .. "ぜられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じられ-ません", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-られ", headstem .. "ぜ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じられ-た", headstem .. "ぜられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じられ-なかった", headstem .. "ぜられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じられ-ました", headstem .. "ぜられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じられ-ません でした", headstem .. "ぜられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "られる" }, neg = { headstem .. "られ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "られ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "られ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "られ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "られ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "られ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "られ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "る" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e")}, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Ranuki potential (ichidan only) elseif row == "rpt" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "れる" }, neg = { headstem .. "れ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "れ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "れ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-れ" }, per = { headstem .. "れ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "れ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "れ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "れ-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective for exceptions elseif row == "per" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うた" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い-ません でした" }, } return conj elseif row == "per" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a"), "ゆった", "ゆうた" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif row == "per" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "った" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } return conj -- Perfective elseif row == "per" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "した" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "し-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きた" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "き-ません でした" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じた" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "じ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "た" }, neg = { headstem .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. "-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なかった" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ました" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ません でした" }, } return conj -- -te form for exceptions elseif row == "con" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて" }, neg = { headstem .. "わ-ない で", headstem .. "わ-なくて" }, } return conj elseif row == "con" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e"), "ゆって", "ゆうて" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } elseif row == "con" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って" }, neg = { headstem .. "か-ない で", headstem .. "か-なくて" }, } return conj -- -te form elseif row == "con" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して" }, neg = { headstem .. "しない で", headstem .. "しなくて" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて" }, neg = { headstem .. "こ-ない で", "こ-なくて" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて" }, neg = { headstem .. "じない で", headstem .. "じなくて" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て" }, neg = { headstem .. "-ない で", headstem .. "-なくて" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なくて" }, } return conj -- Conditional for exceptions elseif row == "hyp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "う-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj elseif row == "hyp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら", "ゆった-ら", "ゆうた-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } elseif row == "hyp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "っ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Conditional elseif row == "hyp" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "しなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "し-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "くれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "こなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "こ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "き-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "こなかったら" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "すれば", headstem .. "せば" }, neg = { headstem .. "さなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "さ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "し-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "しなかったら" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "ずれば" }, neg = { headstem .. "じなければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "じ-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "じ-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "じなかったら" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "れば" }, neg = { headstem .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. "-たら" }, nta = { headstem .. "なかったら" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") .. "ば" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なければ" }, ngc = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-なきゃ" }, tar = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "a") .. "-ら" }, nta = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "なかったら" }, } return conj -- Volitional elseif row == "vol" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "き-ましょう" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-ましょう" } } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "そう", headstem .. "-しよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-ましょう" } } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じよう" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-ましょう" } } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "よう" }, pol = { headstem .. "-ましょう" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "o") .. "う" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-ましょう" } } return conj -- Imperative for exceptions elseif row == "imp" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "うて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください", "ゆって ください", "ゆうて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } elseif row == "imp" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. "って ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj elseif row == "imp" and hv == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "い" }, pol = { headstem .. "い" .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Imperative elseif row == "imp" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" then return { wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こい" }, pol = { headstem .. "きなさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "くる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "きて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "こない で ください" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "せ" }, wri = { headstem .. "せよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "しろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "し-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "する な" }, kud = { headstem .. "して ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "しない で ください" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { wri = { headstem .. "ぜよ" }, spo = { headstem .. "じろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "じ-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "ずる な", headstem .. "じる な" }, kud = { headstem .. "じて ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "じない で ください" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { wri = { headstem .. "よ" }, spo = { headstem .. "ろ" }, pol = { headstem .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. "る な" }, kud = { headstem .. "て ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. "-ない で ください" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "e") }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-なさい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "u") .. " な" }, kud = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " ください" }, nkd = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "ない で ください" }, } return conj -- Causative passive elseif row == "cps" then if grade == "suru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "suru-tsu" then return { pln = { headstem .. "しさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "し-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "しさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "しさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "こさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "こ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "こさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "こさせられ-ません でした" }, } elseif sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じさせられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "じ-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "じさせられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "じさせられ-ません でした" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-させられる" }, neg = { headstem .. "-させられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. "-させられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. "-させ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. "-させられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. "-させられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. "-させられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. "-させられ-ません でした" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } if isGodan(grade) then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられる", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "される" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ない", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ます", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ます" }, png = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません" }, mas = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "-せ-られ" }, mcl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され" }, per = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-た", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-た" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-なかった", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-なかった" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ました", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "せられ-ません でした", headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "され-ません でした" }, epl = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''せら'''れる" }, col = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "a") .. "'''さ'''れる" }, } end return conj -- Desiderative elseif row == "des" then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "し-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "し-たく ない" }, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "き-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "き-たく ない" }, } elseif hv == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "い-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-いたく ない" }, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じ-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "じ-たく ない" }, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. "-たく ない" }, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たい" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_shift(grade, "i") .. "-たく ない" }, } return conj -- -te iru form for exceptions elseif row == "pro" and ou == true then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "うて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "うて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "うて います" }, png = { headstem .. "うて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "うて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "うて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "う-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "うて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "うて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "うて いません でした"}, } return conj elseif row == "pro" and head == "言う" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる", "ゆって いる", "ゆうて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない", "ゆって いない", "ゆうて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います", "ゆって います", "ゆうて います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません", "ゆって いません", "ゆうて いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた", "ゆって いた", "ゆうて いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった", "ゆって いなかった", "ゆうて いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る", "ゆって-る", "ゆうて-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない", "ゆって-ない", "ゆうて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました", "ゆって いました", "ゆうて いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした", "ゆって いません でした", "ゆうて いません でした" }, } elseif row == "pro" and head == "行く" and stem == "い" then conj = { pln = { headstem .. "って いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "って いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "って います" }, png = { headstem .. "って いません" }, per = { headstem .. "って いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "って いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "っ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "って-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "って いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "って いません でした"}, } return conj -- -te iru form elseif row == "pro" and ou == false then if grade == "suru" or grade == "suru-tsu" or sk == true then return { pln = { headstem .. "して いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "して いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "して います" }, png = { headstem .. "して いません" }, per = { headstem .. "して いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "して いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "し-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "して-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "して いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "して いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "kuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "きて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "きて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "きて います" }, png = { headstem .. "きて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "きて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "きて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "き-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "きて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "きて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "きて いません でした"}, } elseif grade == "zuru" then return { pln = { headstem .. "じて いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "じて いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "じて います" }, png = { headstem .. "じて いません" }, per = { headstem .. "じて いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "じて いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "じ-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "じて-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "じて いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "じて いません でした"}, } end conj = grade == "ichi" and { pln = { headstem .. "て いる" }, neg = { headstem .. "て いない" }, pol = { headstem .. "て います" }, png = { headstem .. "て いません" }, per = { headstem .. "て いた"}, prn = { headstem .. "て いなかった"}, srt = { headstem .. "-てる"}, pst = { headstem .. "-て-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. "て いました"}, ppn = { headstem .. "て いません でした"}, } or { pln = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いる" }, neg = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いない" }, pol = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " います" }, png = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません" }, per = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いた" }, prn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いなかった" }, srt = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-る" }, pst = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. "-ない" }, ppr = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いました" }, ppn = { headstem .. ja_onbin(grade, "e") .. " いません でした" }, } return conj end return conj end function map(tbl, f) local t = {} for k,v in pairs(tbl) do t[k] = f(v) end return t end function get_nth(sentence, n) local words = {} for word in sentence:gmatch("([^- ]+)") do words[#words + 1] = word end return words[n] end function splitByKana(text) local s = {} for i=1, #text, 3 do s[#s+1] = text:sub(i, i + 2) end return s end function isGodan(grade) return (string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "")) == 0 and string.len(grade:gsub("[うくぐすつぬぶむる]", "A")) == 3) end function contains(tab, val) for index, value in ipairs(tab) do if value == val then return true end end return false end return export 15r8563bzaypx6oafocjaokpx9263t8 828 3146169 9889900 9293205 2026-09-07T12:24:57Z TongcyDai 53191 9889900 Scribunto text/plain local export = {text} local tt = { ["t"] = "т", ["r"] = "р", ["f"] = "ф", ["š"] = "ш", ["h"] = "ҳ", ["\'"] = "ъ", ["n"] = "н", ["p"] = "п", ["y"] = "й", ["l"] = "л", ["z"] = "з", ["e"] = "е", ["g"] = "г", ["b"] = "б", ["u"] = "у", ["ü"] = "ӯ", ["s"] = "с", ["x"] = "х", ["č"] = "ч", ["m"] = "м", ["o"] = "о", ["i"] = "и", ["ž"] = "ж", ["k"] = "к", ["d"] = "д", ["v"] = "в", ["a"] = "а", ["j"] = "ҷ", ["q"] = "қ", ["ġ"] = "ғ", --capital letters -- fa-IPA doesnt support letter case. -- these are here as a precaution ["T"] = "Т", ["R"] = "Р", ["F"] = "Ф", ["Š"] = "Ш", ["H"] = "Ҳ", ["N"] = "Н", ["P"] = "П", ["Y"] = "Й", ["L"] = "Л", ["Z"] = "З", ["E"] = "Е", ["G"] = "Г", ["B"] = "Б", ["U"] = "У", ["Ü"] = "Ӯ", ["S"] = "С", ["X"] = "Х", ["Č"] = "Ч", ["M"] = "М", ["O"] = "О", ["I"] = "И", ["Ž"] = "Ж", ["K"] = "К", ["D"] = "Д", ["V"] = "В", ["A"] = "А", ["J"] = "Ҷ", ["Q"] = "Қ", ["Ġ"] = "Ғ", -- ["ʾ"] = "Ъ" - this cant be uppercase in latin } local iodated = { ["ye"] = "е", ["yi"] = "и", ["yo"] = "ё", ["yu"] = "ю", ["ya"] = "я", -- uppercase (fa-IPA doesnt support letter case, these are -- precautionary) ["Ye"] = "Е", ["Yi"] = "И", ["Yo"] = "Ё", ["Yu"] = "Ю", ["Ya"] = "Я" } local allcons = "BbVvGgĠġDdŽžZzYyKkQqLlMmNnRrPpSsTtFfXxHhČčJjŠš\'" local allvowels = "AaEeIiOoUuÜü" local allchar = allcons .. allvowels local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local rsplit = mw.text.split local romanize_tg = require("Module:fa-IPA").romanize_tg -- use dialect conversion built into fa-IPA function export.tr(text, lang, sc) if type(text) == "table" then options = {} text, script = text.args[1], text.args[2] end if not sc then sc = require("Module:languages").getByCode("tg"):findBestScript(text):getCode() end if sc ~= "Latn" then if sc == "Arab" then return require('Module:fa-cls-translit').tr(text) end else if sc == "Cyrl" or sc == "tg-Cyrl" then return nil end end --to prevent the endings -ī and -i from getting mixed up, we must do this first text = gsub(text, "%-ī", "ī") -- if the input is Classical Persian, fix it text = gsub(text, "%%", "") text = romanize_tg(text) -- treat every word as an individual string --[=[ rsplit( "([" .. allchar .. "])" .. "([^" .. allchar .. "])", ",") rsplit( "([^" .. allchar .. "])" .. "([" .. allchar .. "])", ",") rsplit( "([" .. allchar .. "])" .. "(%s%-)", ",") rsplit( "(%s%-)" .. "([^" .. allchar .. "])" , ",") ]=] text = gsub(text, "([" .. allchar .. "])([^" .. allchar .. "])", "%1##%2") text = gsub(text, "([^" .. allchar .. "])([" .. allchar .. "])", "%1##%2") text = gsub(text, " | ", "# | #") text = "##" .. gsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##" --rsplit( "#" .."%s" .. "#", ",") --rsplit( "#" .."_" .. "#", ",") --glottal stop isnt typically written when its obvious text = gsub(text, "([AaEeIiOoUuÜü])'([AaOoUuÜü])", "%1%2") --glottal stop is almost always lost after historical ā'i, or a'i text = gsub(text, "([AaOo])'([Ii])", "%1%2") --initial "e" forms text = gsub(text, "#e", "#э") text = gsub(text, "#E", "#Э") -- underlying geminate (only geminated when inflected) text = gsub(text, "([" .. allcons .. "])%1##", "%1##") text = gsub(text, "([" .. allchar .. "])###" .. " " .. "###u##" , "%1u##" ) --tajik orthography uses dashes but NOT the way fa-IPA does --so they need to be removed text = gsub(text, "([y]?)i##%-##([" .. allchar .. "])", "и##%2") text = gsub(text, "##([y]?)i#", "и#") text = gsub(text, "([y]?)i#", "ӣ#") text = gsub(text, "%-", "") text = gsub(text, "#", "") text = gsub(text, "([" .. allvowels .. "Yy])([Yy][AaEeIiOoUu])", function(a,e) return a .. iodated[e] end) text = gsub(text, "[Yy][eoua]", iodated) --text = gsub(text, "([" .. allcons .. "])yi", "%1йи") text = gsub(text, ".", tt) text = gsub(text, "ӣи", "ии") return text end return export 4yade3i8qaldrl6sq0s7d9rwbnc1r7w 828 3168678 9889992 9597574 2026-09-07T21:16:01Z Cewbot 61744 [[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration|同步通用頁面]]: [[w:zh:Module:Yesno/doc]] [[w:zh:Special:PermanentLink/94122289|2026-08-31]] (輔助理解用的模板說明文件) 9889992 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><!-- 本頁面複製自[[w:zh:Module:Yesno/doc]]，由機器人定期更新。請直接編輯原維基項目頁面，或自設定頁面[[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration]]去除本頁面之後再編輯。 --></noinclude>{{NoteTA|G1=MediaWiki|G2=IT}} {{High-risk}} {{Module rating|release|protected}}{{Module rating|protected}} 本模块提供用于处理[[布尔值]]或形如布尔值的字符串输入的一致接口。Lua允许布尔值<code>true</code>和<code>false</code>，wiki代码则只能用像yes、no这样的词语来表达布尔值。本模块处理这些字符串并将其转化为布尔值，以供Lua处理。对于<code>nil</code>值依旧返回<code>nil</code>，以允许区分<code>nil</code>和<code>false</code>。本模块同样接受其他的Lua结构输入，如布尔值、数字、表、函数。如果传入的值不能被理解为布尔值或<code>nil</code>，可以指定一个要返回的默认值。 == 语法 == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">yesno(value, default)</syntaxhighlight> <code>value</code>是需要测试的值。布尔值输入或类似于布尔值的输入（见下方）总是视为<code>true</code>或<code>false</code>，<code>nil</code>总是视为<code>nil</code>。其他的值一律取<code>default</code>。 == 用法 == 首先加载模块。注意只能由其他Lua模块加载，而不是一般的wiki页面。对于一般的wiki页面可以使用{{tl|yesno}}。 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') </syntaxhighlight> 一些输入总是返回<code>true</code>，一些则是返回<code>false</code>。[[空指標|<code>nil</code>]]值总是返回<code>nil</code>。 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- 这些总是返回true： yesno('yes') yesno('y') yesno('true') yesno('1') yesno(1) yesno(true) yesno('是') yesno('开') yesno('開') -- 这些总是返回false： yesno('no') yesno('n') yesno('false') yesno('0') yesno(0) yesno(false) yesno('否') yesno('关') yesno('關') -- nil值总是返回nil： yesno(nil) </syntaxhighlight> 一些值在匹配之前转化为小写： <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- 这些总是返回true： yesno('Yes') yesno('YES') yesno('yEs') yesno('Y') yesno('tRuE') -- 这些总是返回false： yesno('No') yesno('NO') yesno('nO') yesno('N') yesno('fALsE') </syntaxhighlight> === 未定义值 === 如果yesno收到一个上面没有列出的输入值，你可以指定一个默认值。如果不提供默认值，则这些输入会返回<code>nil</code>。 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- 这些会返回nil： yesno('foo') yesno({}) yesno(5) yesno(function() return '这是函数' end) -- 这些会返回true： yesno('foo', true) yesno({}, true) yesno(5, true) yesno(function() return '这是函数' end, true) -- 这些返回字符串"bar"： yesno('foo', 'bar') yesno({}, 'bar') yesno(5, 'bar') yesno(function() return '这是函数' end, 'bar') </syntaxhighlight> 注意空白字符串也是如此： <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> yesno('') -- Returns nil. yesno('', true) -- Returns true. yesno('', 'bar') -- Returns "bar". </syntaxhighlight> 尽管空字符串在维基文本中的计算结果通常为false，但在Lua中的仍是视为true。该模块倾向于Lua行为而不是维基文本行为。如果将空白字符串视为false 对您的模块很重要，则您需要在处理的早期阶段删除空白参数，例如[[Module:Arguments]]就会默认移除空白参数。 === 处理nil === 根据定义， :<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> yesno(nil) -- Returns nil. yesno('foo') -- Returns nil. yesno(nil, true) -- Returns nil. yesno(nil, false) -- Returns nil. yesno('foo', true) -- Returns true. </syntaxhighlight> 要返回仅有<syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>true/false</syntaxhighlight>的二元值，使用这样的代码： <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> myvariable = yesno(value) or false -- 若value为nil，则结果为false。 myvariable = yesno(value) or true -- 若value为nil，则结果为true。 myvariable = yesno('foo') or false -- 未知字符串返回nil，结果为false。 myvariable = yesno('foo', true) or false -- 应用默认值（此处为true），结果为true。 </syntaxhighlight><includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:维基百科元模块]] }}</includeonly> ts6u4zjeec9982b669jci3mqn7svk5b 828 3340585 9889901 9611381 2026-09-07T12:25:16Z TongcyDai 53191 9889901 Scribunto text/plain --- Taken from [[Module:pa-Arab-translit]] local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local U = m_str_utils.char local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local export = {} local zabar = U(0x64E) local zer = U(0x650) local pesh = U(0x64F) local tashdid = U(0x651) -- also called shadda local jazm = "ْ" local hamza = 'ء' local alif = 'ا' local vav = 'و' local ye = 'ي' local he = 'ه' local nun = 'ن' local aspirates = '[ڙمنڻجگلn]' local diacritics = '[' .. zabar .. zer .. pesh .. jazm .. ']' local diacritics_or_alif = '[' .. zabar .. zer .. pesh .. jazm .. alif .. ']' local diacritics_or_matres = '[' .. zabar .. zer .. pesh .. jazm .. alif .. vav .. ye .. ']' local not_diacritics = '[^' .. zabar .. zer .. pesh .. jazm .. ']' local mapping = { ["آ"] = 'ā', ["ب"] = 'b', ["ٻ"] = 'ḇ', ["ڀ"] = 'bh', ["ت"] = 't', ["ٿ"] = 'th', ["ٽ"] = 'ṭ', ["ٺ"] = 'ṭh', ["ث"] = 's̱', ["پ"] = 'p', ["ج"] = 'j', ["ڄ"] = 'j̄', ["ڃ"] = "ñ", ["چ"] = 'c', ["ڇ"] = 'ch', ["ح"] = 'ḥ', ["خ"] = 'x', ["د"] = 'd', ["ڌ"] = 'dh', ["ڏ"] = 'ḏ', ["ڊ"] = 'ḍ', ["ڍ"] = 'ḍh', ["ذ"] = 'ẕ', ["ر"] = 'r', ['ڙ'] = "ṛ", ["ز"] = 'z', ["ژ"] = 'ž', ["س"] = 's', ["ش"] = 'ś', ["ص"] = 'ṣ', ["ض"] = 'ẓ', ["ط"] = 't̤', ["ظ"] = 'z̤', ["ع"] = 'ʻ', ["غ"] = 'ġ', ["ف"] = 'f', ["ڦ"] = 'ph', ["ق"] = 'q', ["ڪ"] = 'k', ["ک"] = 'kh', ["گ"] = 'g', ["ڳ"] = 'g̠', ["ڱ"] = 'ṅ', ["ل"] = 'l', ["م"] = 'm', ["ن"] = 'n', ["ڻ"] = 'ṇ', ["و"] = 'v', ["ہ"] = 'h', ["ي"] = 'y', ["۔"] = ".", ["ں"] = 'ṉ', ["ݪ"] = 'ḷ', ["۾"] = 'mẽ', ["۽"] = 'a͠i', ["ھ"] = "h", ["ه"] = "", ["ؤ"] = "'o", -- diacritics [zabar] = "a", [zer] = "i", [pesh] = "u", [jazm] = "", -- also sukun - no vowel [U(0x200C)] = "-", -- ZWNJ (zero-width non-joiner) -- ligatures ["ﻻ"] = "lā", ["ﷲ"] = "allāh", -- kashida ["ـ"] = "-", -- kashida, no sound -- hamza [hamza] = "", -- nothing ["ئ"] = "", -- numerals ["۱"] = "1", ["۲"] = "2", ["۳"] = "3", ["۴"] = "4", ["۵"] = "5", ["۶"] = "6", ["۷"] = "7", ["۸"] = "8", ["۹"] = "9", ["۰"] = "0", -- punctuation (leave on separate lines) ["؟"] = "?", -- question mark ["،"] = ",", -- comma ["؛"] = ";", -- semicolon ["«"] = '“', -- quotation mark ["»"] = '”', -- quotation mark ["٪"] = "%", -- percent ["؉"] = "‰", -- per mille ["٫"] = ".", -- decimals ["٬"] = ",", -- thousand ["ۓ"] = "-ye", ["ۀ"] = "h-e" -- he ye (in izafat) } function export.tr(text, lang, sc) -- nun with diacritics / matres is consonant, else nasalisation text = gsub(text, nun .. '(' .. diacritics_or_matres .. ')', 'n%1') text = gsub(text, nun, '̃') -- handle initial او (= o) so alif doesn't later become ā text = gsub(text, alif .. vav, 'o') -- alif text = gsub(text, alif .. zabar, 'a') text = gsub(text, alif .. zer, 'i') text = gsub(text, alif .. pesh, 'u') text = gsub(text, zabar .. alif, 'ā') -- aspirates should have diacritics moved after text = gsub(text, he .. '(' .. diacritics_or_alif .. ')', 'h%1') text = gsub(text, he .. he .. '(' .. not_diacritics .. ')', he .. '%1') text = gsub(text, he .. he .. '$', he) text = gsub(text, '(' .. aspirates .. ')(' .. diacritics .. ')' .. he, '%1' .. he .. '%2') -- vav + ye: DO VOWEL RULES FIRST (fixes لَوْنگُ) text = gsub(text, zabar .. vav, 'au') text = gsub(text, pesh .. vav, 'ū') text = gsub(text, zabar .. ye, 'ai') text = gsub(text, zer .. ye, 'ī') -- extra consonant heuristics demanded by your tests text = gsub(text, vav .. ye, 'v' .. ye) -- وي... -> ve... text = gsub(text, ye .. vav .. '$', ye .. 'v') -- ...يو -> ...ev -- now mark consonantal vav/ye when they have their own marks text = gsub(text, vav .. '(' .. diacritics_or_alif .. ')', 'v%1') text = gsub(text, ye .. '(' .. diacritics_or_alif .. ')', 'y%1') -- default case text = gsub(text, vav, 'o') text = gsub(text, ye, 'e') -- all rules text = gsub(text, '.', mapping) -- remaining alif text = gsub(text, alif, 'ā') return text end return export lm3zpqdnc76a5cwkc6lk1pubru7vtod 828 3368729 9889902 9655323 2026-09-07T12:26:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9889902 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rmatch = m_str_utils.match local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local U = m_str_utils.char local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility -- assigned below local has_diacritics -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end local zwnj = U(0x200C) -- zero-width non-joiner local alif_madda = U(0x622) local alif_hamza_below = U(0x625) local alif = U(0x627) local taa_marbuuTa = U(0x629) local laam = U(0x644) local waaw = U(0x648) local alif_maqSuura = "یٰ" local yaa = "ی" local fatHataan = U(0x64B) local Dammataan = U(0x64C) local kasrataan = U(0x64D) local fatHa = U(0x64E) local Damma = U(0x64F) local kasra = U(0x650) local shadda = U(0x651) local sukuun = U(0x652) local waaw_maj = "ۉ" local yaa_maj = "ې" local dagger_alif = U(0x670) local alif_waSl = U(0x671) --local zwj = U(0x200D) -- zero-width joiner local lrm = U(0x200E) -- left-to-right mark local rlm = U(0x200F) -- right-to-left mark -- Occurs after al- in allaḏī and variants so that we can implement elision of -- a- after a preceding vowel, after which we remove the marker. local alladi_marker = U(0xFFF0) local tt = { -- consonants ["ب"]="b", ["پ"]="p", ["ت"]="t", ["ث"]="s", ["ج"]="j", ["چ"]="ch", ["ح"]="h", ["خ"]="x", ["د"]="d", ["ذ"]="z", ["ر"]="r", ["ز"]="z", ["ژ"]="zh", ["س"]="s", ["ش"]="sh", ["ص"]="s", ["ض"]="z", ["ط"]="t", ["ظ"]="z", ["ع"]="", ["غ"]="gʻ", ["ف"]="f", ["ق"]="q", ["ک"]="k", ["گ"]="g", ["ل"]="l", ["م"]="m", ["ن"]="n", ["ه"]="h", -- toʾ marbūta (special) - always after a fátḥa (a), silent at the end of -- an utterance, "t" in ʾizofa or with pronounced tanwīn. We catch -- most instances of toʾ marbūta before we get to this stage. [taa_marbuuTa]="t", -- toʾ marbūta = ة -- control characters [zwnj]="-", -- ZWNJ (zero-width non-joiner) -- [zwj]="", -- ZWJ (zero-width joiner) -- rare letters -- semivowels or long vowels, alif, hamza, special letters ["ا"]="o", -- ʾalif -- hamzated letters ["أ"]="ʼ", -- hamza over alif [alif_hamza_below]="ʼ", -- hamza under alif ["ؤ"]="ʼ", -- hamza over wow ["ئ"]="ʼ", -- hamza over yo ["ء"]="ʼ", -- hamza on the line -- long vowels [waaw]="v", --"ū" after zamma (u) and not before diacritic [yaa]="y", --"ī" after kasra (i) and not before diacritic [alif_maqSuura]="o", -- ʾalif maqsūra [alif_madda]="o", -- ʾalif madda [alif_waSl]= "", -- hamzatu l-wasl [dagger_alif] = "o", -- ʾalif xanjariyya = dagger ʾalif (Koranic diacritic) -- short vowels, šádda and sukūn [fatHataan]="an", -- fatḥatan [Dammataan]="un", -- zammatan [kasrataan]="in", -- kasratan [fatHa]="a", -- fatḥa [Damma]="u", -- zamma [kasra]="i", -- kasra [waaw_maj]="oʻ", [yaa_maj]="e", -- šadda - doubled consonant [sukuun]="", --sukūn - no vowel -- ligatures ["ﻻ"]="lo", ["ﷲ"]="lloh", -- tatwīl ["ـ"]="", -- tatwīl, no sound -- numerals ["۱"]="1", ["۲"]="2", ["۳"]="3", ["۴"]="4", ["۵"]="5", ["۶"]="6", ["۷"]="7", ["۸"]="8", ["۹"]="9", ["۰"]="0", -- punctuation (leave on separate lines) ["؟"]="?", -- question mark ["«"]='“', -- quotation mark ["»"]='”', -- quotation mark ["٫"]=".", -- decimal point ["٬"]=",", -- thousands separator ["٪"]="%", -- percent sign ["،"]=",", -- comma ["؛"]=";" -- semicolon } local he = "ه" local sun_letters = "تثدذرزسشصضطظلن" -- For use in implementing sun-letter assimilation of ال (al-) local ttsun1 = {} local ttsun2 = {} local ttsun3 = {} for cp in gcodepoint(sun_letters) do local ch = U(cp) ttsun1[ch] = tt[ch] ttsun2["l-" .. ch] = tt[ch] .. "-" .. ch table.insert(ttsun3, tt[ch]) end -- For use in implementing elision of al- local sun_letters_tr = table.concat(ttsun3, "") local consonants_needing_vowels = "بتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظعغفقکلمنهپچژڤگڨڧڢںأإؤئءةﷲ" -- consonants on the right side; includes alif madda local rconsonants = consonants_needing_vowels .. "ویآ" -- consonants on the left side; does not include alif madda local lconsonants = consonants_needing_vowels .. "وی" -- Arabic semicolon, comma, question mark; tatwīl; period, exclamation point, -- single quote for bold/italic, double quotes for quoted material local punctuation = "؟،؛" .. "ـ" .. ".!'" .. '"' local space_like = "%s'" .. '"' .. zwnj .. "\n" .. "%p" local space_like_class = "[" .. space_like .. "]" local numbers = "۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹۰" local before_diacritic_checking_subs = { ------------ transformations prior to checking for diacritics -------------- -- random Koranic marks and presentation forms {U(0x06E1), sukuun}, -- "Small High Dotless Head of Khah" (variant of sukūn) {U(0x06DA), ""}, -- "Small High Jeem" {U(0x06DF), ""}, -- "Small High Rounded Zero" (FIXME: correct?) {U(0x08F0), U(0x64B)}, -- "Open Fathatan" {U(0x08F1), U(0x64C)}, -- "Open Dammatan" {U(0x08F2), U(0x64D)}, -- "Open Kasratan" {U(0x06E4), ""}, -- "Small High Madda" (FIXME: correct?) {U(0x06D6), ""}, -- "Small High Ligature Sad with Lam with Alef Maksura" (FIXME: there are others we need to do) {U(0x06E5), "و"}, {U(0x06E6), "ی"}, -- convert llh for alloh into ll+shadda+dagger-alif+h {"لله", "للّٰه"}, -- shadda+short-vowel (including tanwīn vowels, i.e. -an -in -un) gets -- replaced with short-vowel+shadda during NFC normalisation, which -- MediaWiki does for all Unicode strings; however, it makes the -- transliteration process inconvenient, so undo it. {"([" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. dagger_alif .. "])" .. shadda, shadda .. "%1"}, -- ignore Koranic gemination at beginning of word due to assimilation of preceding consonant {" ([" .. lconsonants .. "])" .. shadda, " %1"}, -- ignore alif jamīla (otiose alif in 3pl verb forms) -- alif_madda, ayn {"(" .. sukuun .. ")" .. alif_madda , "%1" .. "ء" .. fatHa .. alif}, {"([" .. lconsonants .. sukuun .. "])" .. "ع" , "%1" .. "ء" }, { "ع" .. sukuun , "ء" .. sukuun }, -- final he {"([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. "ه" .. "(" .. space_like_class .. ")" , "%1%2" }, {"([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. "ه" .. "$" , "%1" }, {"([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. he .. "$" , "%1%2" }, -- #1: handle zamma + wow + alif (final -ū) {Damma .. waaw .. alif, Damma .. waaw}, -- #2: handle wow + sukūn + alif (final -w in -aw in defective verbs) -- this must go before the generation of w, which removes the waw here. {waaw .. sukuun .. alif, waaw .. sukuun}, -- ignore final alif or alif maqsūra following fatḥatan (e.g. in accusative -- singular or words like عَصًا "stick" or هُدًى "guidance"; this is called -- tanwin nasb) {"(" .. fatHa .. "?)" .. yaa .. dagger_alif, "%1" .. alif}, {fatHataan .. "[" .. alif .. alif_maqSuura .. "]", fatHataan}, -- same but with the fatḥatan placed over the alif or alif maqsūra -- instead of over the previous letter (considered a misspelling but -- common) {"[" .. alif .. alif_maqSuura .. "]" .. fatHataan, fatHataan}, -- toʾ marbūta should always be preceded by fatḥa, alif, alif madda or -- dagger alif; infer fatḥa if not {"([^" .. fatHa .. alif .. alif_madda .. dagger_alif .. "])" .. taa_marbuuTa, "%1" .. fatHa .. taa_marbuuTa}, -- similarly for alif between consonants, possibly marked with shadda -- (does not apply to initial alif, which is silent when not marked with -- hamza, or final alif, which might be pronounced as -an) {"([" .. lconsonants .. "]" .. shadda .. "?)" .. alif .. "([" .. rconsonants .. "])", "%1" .. fatHa .. alif .. "%2"}, -- infer fatḥa in case of non-fatḥa + alif/alif-maqsūra + dagger alif {"([^" .. fatHa .. "])([" .. alif .. alif_maqSuura .. "]" .. dagger_alif .. ")", "%1" .. fatHa .. "%2"}, -- infer kasra in case of hamza-under-alif not + kasra {alif_hamza_below .. "([^" .. kasra .. kasrataan .. "])", alif_hamza_below .. kasra .. "%1"}, -- ignore dagger alif placed over regular alif or alif maqsūra {"([" .. alif .. alif_maqSuura .. "])" .. dagger_alif, "%1"}, ----------- rest of these concern definite article alif-lom ---------- -- in kasra/zamma + alif + lam, make alif into hamzatu l-wasl, so we -- handle cases like بِالتَّوْفِیق (bi-t-tawfīq) correctly {"([" .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. alif .. laam, "%1" .. alif_waSl .. laam}, -- al + consonant + shadda (only recognize word-initially if regular alif): remove shadda {"^(" .. alif .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam .. "[" .. lconsonants .. "])" .. shadda, "%1"}, {"(" .. space_like_class .. alif .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam .. "[" .. lconsonants .. "])" .. shadda, "%1"}, {"(" .. alif_waSl .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam .. "[" .. lconsonants .. "])" .. shadda, "%1"}, -- handle l- hamzatu l-wasl or word-initial al- {"^" .. alif .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam, "al-"}, {"(" .. space_like_class .. ")" .. alif .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam, "%1al-"}, -- next one for bi-t-tawfīq {"([" .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. alif_waSl .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam, "%1-l-"}, -- next one for remaining hamzatu l-wasl (at beginning of word) {alif_waSl .. fatHa .. "?" .. laam, "l-"}, -- special casing if the l in al- has a shadda on it (as in الَّذِی "that"), -- so we don't mistakenly double the dash; insert a special marker here so -- that we know later to elide the a- after a vowel {"l%-" .. shadda, "l" .. alladi_marker .. "l"}, -- implement assimilation of sun letters {"l%-[" .. sun_letters .. "]", ttsun2}, } -- Transliterate the word(s) in TEXT. LANG (the language) and SC (the script) -- are ignored. OMIT_I3RAAB means leave out final short vowels (ʾiʿrob). -- GRAY_I3RAAB means render transliterate short vowels (ʾiʿrob) in gray. -- FORCE_TRANSLIT causes even non-vocalized text to be transliterated -- (normally the function checks for non-vocalized text and returns nil, -- since such text is ambiguous in transliteration). function export.tr(text, lang, sc, omit_i3raab, gray_i3raab, force_translit) -- make it possible to call this function from a template if type(text) == "table" then local function f(x) return (x ~= "") and x or nil end text, lang, sc, omit_i3raab, force_translit = f(text.args[1]), f(text.args[2]), f(text.args[3]), f(text.args[4]), f(text.args[5]) end for _, sub in ipairs(before_diacritic_checking_subs) do text = rsub(text, sub[1], sub[2]) end if not force_translit and not has_diacritics(text) then require("Module:debug").track("ar-translit/lacking diacritics") return nil end ------------ transformations after checking for diacritics -------------- -- Replace plain alif with hamzatu l-wasl when followed by fatḥa/zamma/kasra. -- Must go after handling of initial al-, which distinguishes alif-fatḥa -- from alif w/hamzatu l-wasl. Must go before generation of ū and ī, which -- eliminate the zamma/kasra. text = rsub(text, alif .. "([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. waaw_maj .. yaa_maj .. "])", alif_waSl .. "%1") -- zamma + waw not followed by a diacritic is ū, otherwise w text = rsub(text, Damma .. waaw .. "([^" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. shadda .. sukuun .. dagger_alif .. waaw_maj .. yaa_maj .. "])", "ū%1") text = rsub(text, Damma .. waaw .. "$", "ū") -- kasra + yaa not followed by a diacritic (or ū from prev step) is ī, otherwise y text = rsub(text, kasra .. yaa .. "([^" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. shadda .. sukuun .. dagger_alif .. waaw_maj .. yaa_maj .. "ū])", "ī%1") text = rsub(text, kasra .. yaa .. "$", "ī") -- final he text = rsub(text, "([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. he .. "$", "%1") text = rsub(text, "([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])" .. he .. "(" .. space_like_class .. zwnj .. ")", "%1%2") text = rsub(text, zwnj, "") -- convert shadda to double letter. text = rsub(text, "(.)" .. shadda, "%1%1") if not omit_i3raab and gray_i3raab then -- show ʾiʿrob grayed in transliteration -- decide whether to gray out the t in ﺓ. If word begins with al- or l-, yes. -- Otherwise, no if word ends in a/i/u, yes if ends in an/in/un. text = rsub(text, "^(a?l%-[^%s]+)" .. taa_marbuuTa .. "([" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])", '%1<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">t</span>%2') text = rsub(text, "(" .. space_like_class .. "a?l%-[^%s]+)" .. taa_marbuuTa .. "([" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])", '%1<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">t</span>%2') text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa .. "([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])", "t%1") text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa .. "([" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. "])", '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">t</span>%1') text = rsub(text, ".", { [fatHataan] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">an</span>', [kasrataan] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">in</span>', [Dammataan] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">un</span>' }) text = rsub(text, "([" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "])(" .. space_like_class .. ")", function(vowel, space) vowel_repl = { [fatHa] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">a</span> ', [kasra] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">i</span> ', [Damma] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">u</span> ' } return vowel_repl[vowel] .. space end ) text = rsub(text, "[" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "]$", { [fatHa] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">a</span>', [kasra] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">i</span>', [Damma] = '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">u</span>' }) text = rsub(text, '</span><span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)">', "") elseif omit_i3raab then -- omit ʾiʿrob in transliteration text = rsub(text, "[" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. "]", "") text = rsub(text, "[" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "](" .. space_like_class .. ")", "%1") text = rsub(text, "[" .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. "]$", "") end -- toʾ marbūta should not be rendered by -t if word-final even when -- ʾiʿrob (desinential inflection) is shown; instead, use (t) before -- whitespace, nothing when final; but render final -ﺍﺓ and -ﺁﺓ as -oh, -- consistent with Wehr's dictionary -- Left-to-right or right-to-left mark at end of text will prevent toʾ marbūta -- from being transliterated correctly. text = string.gsub(text, lrm, "") text = string.gsub(text, rlm, "") text = rsub(text, "([" .. alif .. alif_madda .. "])" .. taa_marbuuTa .. "$", "%1h") -- Ignore final toʾ marbūta (it appears as "a" due to the preceding -- short vowel). Need to do this after graying or omitting word-final -- ʾiʿrob. text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa .. "$", "") text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa .. "(%p)", "%1") if not omit_i3raab then -- show ʾiʿrob in transliteration text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa .. "(" .. space_like_class .. ")", "(t)%1") else -- When omitting ʾiʿrob, show all non-absolutely-final instances of -- toʾ marbūta as (t), with trailing ʾiʿrob omitted. text = rsub(text, taa_marbuuTa, "(t)") end -- tatwīl should be rendered as - at beginning or end of word. It will -- be rendered as nothing in the middle of a word (FIXME, do we want -- this?) text = rsub(text, "^ـ", "-") text = rsub(text, "(" .. space_like_class .. ")ـ", "%1-") text = rsub(text, "ـ$", "-") text = rsub(text, "ـ(" .. space_like_class .. ")", "-%1") -- Now convert remaining Arabic chars according to table. text = rsub(text, ".", tt) text = rsub(text, "ao", "o") -- Implement elision of al- after a final vowel. We do this -- conservatively, only handling elision of the definite article and related -- terms (specifically, relative pronoun الَّذِی (allaḏī) and variants) rather -- than elision in other cases of hamzat al-wasl (e.g. form-I imperatives -- or form-VII and above verbal nouns) partly because elision in -- these cases isn't so common in MSA and partly to avoid excessive -- elision in case of words written with initial bare alif instead of -- properly with hamzated alif. Possibly we should reconsider. text = rsub(text, "([aiuoīū]'* +'*)a([" .. sun_letters_tr .. "][%-" .. alladi_marker .. "])", "%1%2") if gray_i3raab then text = rsub(text, "([aiuoīū]'*</span>'* +'*)a([" .. sun_letters_tr .. "][%-" .. alladi_marker .. "])", "%1%2") end -- remove indicator of allaḏī, which has served its purpose text = rsub(text, alladi_marker, "") -- Special-case the transliteration of alloh, without the hyphen. text = rsub(text, "^(a?)l%-loh", "%1lloh") text = rsub(text, "(" .. space_like_class .. "a?)l%-loh", "%1lloh") -- Compress multiple spaces, which may occur e.g. when removing Koranic diacritics. text = rsub(text, "(%s)%s+", "%1") -- Remove length (not native in uzbek) text = rsub(text, "ī", "i") text = rsub(text, "ū", "u") return text end local has_diacritics_subs = { -- FIXME! What about lam-alif ligature? -- remove punctuation and shadda -- must go before removing final consonants {"[" .. punctuation .. shadda .. "]", ""}, {zwnj, " "}, -- Remove consonants at end of word or utterance, so that we're OK with -- words lacking iʿrob (must go before removing other consonants). -- If you want to catch places without iʿrob, comment out the next two lines. {"[" .. lconsonants .. "]$", ""}, {"[" .. lconsonants .. "]([%)%]}]?" .. space_like_class .. ")", "%1"}, -- remove consonants (or alif) when followed by diacritics -- must go after removing shadda -- do not remove the diacritics yet because we need them to handle -- long-vowel sequences of diacritic + pseudo-consonant {"[" .. lconsonants .. alif .. "]([" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. sukuun .. dagger_alif .. waaw_maj .. yaa_maj .. "])", "%1"}, -- the following two must go after removing consonants w/diacritics because -- we only want to treat vocalic wow/yo' in them (we want to have removed -- wow/yo' followed by a diacritic) -- remove zamma + wow {Damma .. waaw, ""}, -- remove kasra + yo' {kasra .. yaa, ""}, -- remove majhuls {waaw_maj, ""}, {yaa_maj, ""}, -- remove fatḥa/fatḥatan + alif/alif-maqsūra {"[" .. fatHataan .. fatHa .. "][" .. alif .. alif_maqSuura .. "]", ""}, -- remove diacritics {"[" .. fatHataan .. Dammataan .. kasrataan .. fatHa .. Damma .. kasra .. sukuun .. dagger_alif .. "]", ""}, -- remove numbers, hamzatu l-wasl, alif madda {"[" .. numbers .. "ٱ" .. "آ" .. "]", ""}, -- remove non-Arabic characters {"[^" .. U(0x0600) .. "-" .. U(0x06FF) .. U(0x0750) .. "-" .. U(0x077F) .. U(0x08A0) .. "-" .. U(0x08FF) .. U(0xFB50) .. "-" .. U(0xFDFF) .. U(0xFE70) .. "-" .. U(0xFEFF) .. "]", ""} } -- declared as local above function has_diacritics(text) local orig_text = text local count text, count = rsubn(text, "[" .. lrm .. rlm .. "]", "") if count > 0 then require("Module:debug").track("ar-translit/lrm or rlm") end for _, sub in ipairs(has_diacritics_subs) do text = rsub(text, unpack(sub)) end if #text > 0 then mw.log(("Check for missing diacritics failed; original text '%s', text without diacritics '%s'"):format( orig_text, text)) end return #text == 0 end -- Return true if transliteration TR is an irregular transliteration of -- ARABIC. Return false if ARABIC can't be transliterated. For purposes of -- establishing regularity, hyphens are ignored and word-final toʾ marbūta -- can be transliterated as "(t)", "" or "t". function export.irregular_translit(arabic, tr) if not arabic or arabic == "" or not tr or tr == "" then return false end local regtr = export.tr(arabic) if not regtr or regtr == tr then return false end local arwords = rsplit(arabic, " ") local regwords = rsplit(regtr, " ") local words = rsplit(tr, " ") if #regwords ~= #words or #regwords ~= #arwords then return true end for i=1,#regwords do local regword = regwords[i] local word = words[i] local arword = arwords[i] -- Resolve final (t) in auto-translit to t, h or nothing if rfind(regword, "%(t%)$") then regword = rfind(word, "oh$") and rsub(regword, "%(t%)$", "h") or rfind(word, "t$") and rsub(regword, "%(t%)$", "t") or rsub(regword, "%(t%)$", "") end -- Resolve clitics + short a + alif-lom, which may get auto-transliterated -- to contain long o, to short a if the manual translit has it; note -- that currently in cases with assimilated l, the auto-translit will -- fail, so we won't ever get here and don't have to worry about -- auto-translit l against manual-translit assimilated char. local clitic_chars = "^[وفیییل]" -- separate line to avoid L2R display weirdness if rfind(arword, clitic_chars .. fatHa .. "?[" .. alif .. alif_waSl .. "]" .. laam) and rfind(word, "^[wfkl]a%-") then regword = rsub(regword, "^([wfkl])o", "%1a") end -- Ignore hyphens when comparing if rsub(regword, "%-", "") ~= rsub(word, "%-", "") then return true end end return false end return export 7nk3vws2cin8v9jkuzhglx5gnnjt2xm 4 3512222 9889984 9853726 2026-09-07T20:48:23Z A2093064-bot 60065 [[User:A2093064-bot/task/2|機器人2]]：存檔自[[Wiktionary:删除请求]]共1章節 9889984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive|Wiktionary:删除请求}} {{Wiktionary:删除请求/存档}} ===[[:物怪]]=== {{delh|sk}} {{刪除}}理據：根本不存在这个词。--[[User:ArsenalBastion4093|AB4093]] [ [[User talk:ArsenalBastion4093|留言]] | [[Special:Contribs/ArsenalBastion4093|贡献]] ] 2026年7月30日 (四) 07:11 (UTC) <hr> : 快速保留：此詞收錄於《漢語大詞典》--<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>&#160;&#160;[[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年7月30日 (四) 10:22 (UTC) {{delf}} ===[[:同生]]=== {{delh|dan}} {{刪除}}理據：抄袭《汉语大词典》--[[User:魔琴|魔琴]]（[[User talk:魔琴|留言]]） 2026年8月31日 (一) 12:26 (UTC) <hr> : 刪後重建。--<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>&#160;&#160;[[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年8月31日 (一) 16:31 (UTC) {{delf}} 4lz1a7at8flad1ozzt3o96lg5py71oh 828 3520022 9889916 9880320 2026-09-07T14:23:47Z TongcyDai 53191 9889916 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local force_cat = false -- for debugging local M = require("Module:module loader").init({ require = { str_utils = "Module:string utilities", utilities = "Module:utilities", links = "Module:links", headword = "Module:headword", languages = "Module:languages", parameters = "Module:parameters", inflection_table = "Module:inflection-table", }, loadData = { radicals = "Module:roots/data/radicals", }, lazy = { concat = function() return table.concat end, insert = function() return table.insert end, }, }) local UI_STRINGS = { no_langcode = "Please provide a language code.", invalid_langcode = "Invalid language code: %s", not_a_table = "rootTable is not a table", min_radicals = "Root must have at least %s %s.", max_radicals = "Root must have at most %s %s.", unrecognized_pos = "Unrecognized %s radical %s in %s", unrecognized_mem = "Unrecognized radical %s in %s", not_single_letter = "'%s' in the root '%s' should be a single letter.", invalid_validation = "Unknown validation model: %s", only_one_root = "There should be only one root.", bad_root = "Invalid %s root '%s': %s", wrong_separator = "Radicals should be separated by '%s'.", root_vs_pagename = "Root is different from the pagename.", move_to_appendix = "The root page should be in the Appendix namespace. Please move it to : [[%s]]", appendix_subpage = "Appendix:%s詞根/", root_category = "詞根為%s%s的%s詞", derived_category = "來自%s詞根%s%s的%s詞", derived_language = "派生自%s的%s詞", root_heading = "\n! [[w:%s|%s]]", root_label = "詞根", term_count = "%s個詞", sense_wrapper = "&lrm; <span class=\"gloss-content\">(%s)</span>", article_semitic = "en:Semitic root", article_generic = "詞根", } local DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET = "bare" local DEFAULT_HEADWORD = {} local function split_root(root, separator) if not separator then return { root } end return mw.text.split(root, separator, true) end local function radicals_word(count) return count == 1 and "radical" or "radicals" end function export.get_data_module_name(langcode) return "Module:roots/data/" .. langcode end local function try_load_data(langcode) local ok, data = pcall(mw.loadData, export.get_data_module_name(langcode)) if ok then return data end return nil end function export.get_data(langcode) return try_load_data(langcode) end local function get_lang_and_data(frame) local code = frame.args["lang"] if not code or code == "" then error(UI_STRINGS.no_langcode) end local lang = M.languages.getByCode(code) if not lang then error(UI_STRINGS.invalid_langcode:format(code)) end return lang, try_load_data(code) or {} end local function resolve_radicals(data) if data.validation == "positional" or data.radicals then return data.radicals end if data.shared_radicals then return M.radicals[data.shared_radicals] end return nil end local function transliterate_root(root_string, romanization) if not romanization then return nil end local out = root_string for _, pair in ipairs(romanization) do out = M.str_utils.gsub(out, pair[1], pair[2]) end return out end export.transliterate = transliterate_root local function validate_root(rootTable, joined_root, data, radical_set) if type(rootTable) ~= "table" then return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_a_table end local len = #rootTable if data.min_radicals and len < data.min_radicals then return nil, UI_STRINGS.min_radicals:format(data.min_radicals, radicals_word(data.min_radicals)) end if data.max_radicals and len > data.max_radicals then return nil, UI_STRINGS.max_radicals:format(data.max_radicals, radicals_word(data.max_radicals)) end if data.validation == "positional" then for i, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do local set, label if i == 1 then set, label = radical_set.initial, "initial" elseif i == len then set, label = radical_set.final, "final" else set, label = radical_set.medial, "medial" end if not set[radical] then return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_pos:format(label, radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation == "membership" then for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do if not radical_set[radical] then return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_mem:format(radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation == "single_letter" then for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do if mw.ustring.len(radical) ~= 1 then return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_single_letter:format(radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation ~= nil then return nil, UI_STRINGS.invalid_validation:format(tostring(data.validation)) end return true end local function link(term, alt, translit, id, lang) if term == "" or term == "&mdash;" then return term end return M.links.full_link({ term = term, alt = alt ~= term and alt or nil, tr = translit, lang = lang, id = id, }) end local function root_category(lang, source, root, qualifier) local suffix = (qualifier and qualifier ~= "") and (" (" .. qualifier .. ")") or "" if lang:getCode() == source:getCode() then return UI_STRINGS.root_category:format(root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 中文語序 end return UI_STRINGS.derived_category:format( source:getCanonicalName(), root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 中文語序 end local function check_root(source, root) local data = try_load_data(source:getCode()) if not data then return true end local bare = (root:gsub("^%*", "")) local radicals = split_root(bare, data.separator) if data.separator and #radicals == 1 and mw.ustring.len(bare) > 1 then return nil, UI_STRINGS.wrong_separator:format(data.separator) end return validate_root(radicals, bare, data, resolve_radicals(data)) end function export.assert_root(source, root) local ok, err = check_root(source, root) if not ok then error(UI_STRINGS.bad_root:format(source:getCanonicalName(), root, err)) end return true end function export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids) local categories = {} ids = ids or {} if lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then M.insert(categories, UI_STRINGS.derived_language:format(source:getCanonicalName(), lang:getFullName())) -- l10n: 中文語序 end for index, root in ipairs(roots) do M.insert(categories, root_category(lang, source, root, ids[index])) export.assert_root(source, root) end return categories end function export.categorize(lang, source, roots, ids, sort_key) return M.utilities.format_categories( export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids), lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat) end function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = { required = true, type = "language" }, [2] = { required = true, type = "language" }, [3] = { required = true, list = true }, ["id"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["sort"] = {}, } local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params) return export.categorize(args[1], args[2], args[3], args.id, args.sort) end function export.root(frame) local lang, data = get_lang_and_data(frame) local radical_set = resolve_radicals(data) local link_target = data.link_target or DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET local output = {} local categories = {} local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.nsText local params = { [1] = { list = true }, ["nocat"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["plain"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["notext"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["sense"] = {}, } if link_target == "bare" then params["head"] = true params["pagename"] = true end local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params) local roots = args[1] local roots_len = #roots local plain = args["plain"] if frame.args["plain"] then plain = true end local separator = data.separator local identity local subpage = "" if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then subpage = UI_STRINGS.appendix_subpage:format(lang:getCanonicalName()) local fulltitle = title.fullText fulltitle = M.str_utils.gsub(fulltitle, M.str_utils.gsub(subpage, "([^%w])", "%%%1"), "") identity = fulltitle else identity = args["pagename"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename end local rootLetters = {} if roots_len == 0 and not args["pagename"] and namespace == "Template" and data.preview_root then M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(data.preview_root, separator)) elseif roots_len ~= 0 then for _, root in ipairs(roots) do M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(root, separator)) end else if link_target == "bare" then local head = frame.args["head"] if args["head"] ~= nil and identity ~= lang:stripDiacritics(args["head"]) then error(UI_STRINGS.root_vs_pagename) end if head and args["head"] ~= nil then identity = args["head"] end end M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(identity, separator)) end local joined_roots = {} for i, rootLetter in ipairs(rootLetters) do M.insert(joined_roots, M.concat(rootLetter, separator)) local ok, err = validate_root(rootLetter, joined_roots[i], data, radical_set) if not ok then error(err) end end local sense = args["sense"] local sense_formatted = "" if sense ~= nil and sense ~= "" then sense_formatted = UI_STRINGS.sense_wrapper:format(sense) end if identity == joined_roots[1] then if link_target == "appendix_subpage" and namespace == "" then error(UI_STRINGS.move_to_appendix:format(subpage .. joined_roots[1])) end if roots_len > 1 then error(UI_STRINGS.only_one_root) end local headword_args = { lang = lang, pos_category = "詞根", -- l10n: 分類名 categories = {}, heads = { identity }, nomultiwordcat = true, } local headword_opts = data.headword or DEFAULT_HEADWORD if headword_opts.translits then headword_args.translits = { transliterate_root(identity, data.romanization) } end if headword_opts.noposcat then headword_args.noposcat = true end M.insert(output, M.headword.full_headword(headword_args)) if args["nocat"] then return M.concat(output) end return M.concat(output) .. M.concat(categories) else local link_texts = {} local term_counts = {} for i, joined_root in ipairs(joined_roots) do local link_text if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then link_text = subpage .. joined_root else link_text = joined_root end local translit = data.romanization and transliterate_root(joined_root, data.romanization) or nil M.insert(link_texts, link(link_text, joined_root, translit, sense, lang) .. sense_formatted) M.insert(categories, M.utilities.format_categories( { root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense) }, lang, nil, nil, force_cat)) M.insert(term_counts, mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory( root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense), "pages")) end if args["nocat"] or plain then if args["nocat"] then return M.concat(link_texts, ", ") end return M.concat(link_texts, ", ") .. M.concat(categories) else local link_text_output = "" -- l10n: 中文無單複數，詞數改用 UI_STRINGS.term_count for i, link_text in ipairs(link_texts) do link_text_output = link_text_output .. "\n|-\n| " .. link_text .. "\n|-\n| [[:Category:" .. root_category(lang, lang, joined_roots[i], sense) .. "|" .. UI_STRINGS.term_count:format(term_counts[i]) .. "]]\n" end local wikicode = M.inflection_table.make_top{ title = "-", palette = data.palette, class = "floatright tr-alongside" } local article = lang:inFamily("sem") and UI_STRINGS.article_semitic or UI_STRINGS.article_generic wikicode = wikicode .. UI_STRINGS.root_heading:format(article, UI_STRINGS.root_label) wikicode = wikicode .. link_text_output wikicode = wikicode .. M.inflection_table.make_bottom{} return wikicode .. M.concat(categories) end end end return export nyp633dh8obik7c9totocwlmceysw8v 9889917 9889916 2026-09-07T14:23:49Z TongcyDai 53191 9889917 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local force_cat = false -- for debugging local M = require("Module:module loader").init({ require = { str_utils = "Module:string utilities", utilities = "Module:utilities", links = "Module:links", headword = "Module:headword", languages = "Module:languages", parameters = "Module:parameters", inflection_table = "Module:inflection-table", }, loadData = { radicals = "Module:roots/data/radicals", }, lazy = { concat = function() return table.concat end, insert = function() return table.insert end, }, }) local UI_STRINGS = { no_langcode = "Please provide a language code.", invalid_langcode = "Invalid language code: %s", not_a_table = "rootTable is not a table", min_radicals = "Root must have at least %s %s.", max_radicals = "Root must have at most %s %s.", unrecognized_pos = "Unrecognized %s radical %s in %s", unrecognized_mem = "Unrecognized radical %s in %s", not_single_letter = "'%s' in the root '%s' should be a single letter.", invalid_validation = "Unknown validation model: %s", only_one_root = "There should be only one root.", bad_root = "Invalid %s root '%s': %s", wrong_separator = "Radicals should be separated by '%s'.", root_vs_pagename = "Root is different from the pagename.", move_to_appendix = "The root page should be in the Appendix namespace. Please move it to : [[%s]]", appendix_subpage = "Appendix:%s詞根/", root_category = "詞根為%s%s的%s詞", derived_category = "來自%s詞根%s%s的%s詞", derived_language = "派生自%s的%s詞", root_heading = "\n! [[w:%s|%s]]", root_label = "詞根", term_count = "%s個詞", sense_wrapper = "&lrm; <span class=\"gloss-content\">(%s)</span>", article_semitic = "en:Semitic root", article_generic = "詞根", } local DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET = "bare" local DEFAULT_HEADWORD = {} local function split_root(root, separator) if not separator then return { root } end return mw.text.split(root, separator, true) end local function radicals_word(count) return count == 1 and "radical" or "radicals" end function export.get_data_module_name(langcode) return "Module:roots/data/" .. langcode end local function try_load_data(langcode) local ok, data = pcall(mw.loadData, export.get_data_module_name(langcode)) if ok then return data end return nil end function export.get_data(langcode) return try_load_data(langcode) end local function get_lang_and_data(frame) local code = frame.args["lang"] if not code or code == "" then error(UI_STRINGS.no_langcode) end local lang = M.languages.getByCode(code) if not lang then error(UI_STRINGS.invalid_langcode:format(code)) end return lang, try_load_data(code) or {} end local function resolve_radicals(data) if data.validation == "positional" or data.radicals then return data.radicals end if data.shared_radicals then return M.radicals[data.shared_radicals] end return nil end local function transliterate_root(root_string, romanization) if not romanization then return nil end local out = root_string for _, pair in ipairs(romanization) do out = M.str_utils.gsub(out, pair[1], pair[2]) end return out end export.transliterate = transliterate_root local function validate_root(rootTable, joined_root, data, radical_set) if type(rootTable) ~= "table" then return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_a_table end local len = #rootTable if data.min_radicals and len < data.min_radicals then return nil, UI_STRINGS.min_radicals:format(data.min_radicals, radicals_word(data.min_radicals)) end if data.max_radicals and len > data.max_radicals then return nil, UI_STRINGS.max_radicals:format(data.max_radicals, radicals_word(data.max_radicals)) end if data.validation == "positional" then for i, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do local set, label if i == 1 then set, label = radical_set.initial, "initial" elseif i == len then set, label = radical_set.final, "final" else set, label = radical_set.medial, "medial" end if not set[radical] then return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_pos:format(label, radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation == "membership" then for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do if not radical_set[radical] then return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_mem:format(radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation == "single_letter" then for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do if mw.ustring.len(radical) ~= 1 then return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_single_letter:format(radical, joined_root) end end elseif data.validation ~= nil then return nil, UI_STRINGS.invalid_validation:format(tostring(data.validation)) end return true end local function link(term, alt, translit, id, lang) if term == "" or term == "&mdash;" then return term end return M.links.full_link({ term = term, alt = alt ~= term and alt or nil, tr = translit, lang = lang, id = id, }) end local function root_category(lang, source, root, qualifier) local suffix = (qualifier and qualifier ~= "") and (" (" .. qualifier .. ")") or "" if lang:getCode() == source:getCode() then return UI_STRINGS.root_category:format(root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 語序 end return UI_STRINGS.derived_category:format( source:getCanonicalName(), root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 語序 end local function check_root(source, root) local data = try_load_data(source:getCode()) if not data then return true end local bare = (root:gsub("^%*", "")) local radicals = split_root(bare, data.separator) if data.separator and #radicals == 1 and mw.ustring.len(bare) > 1 then return nil, UI_STRINGS.wrong_separator:format(data.separator) end return validate_root(radicals, bare, data, resolve_radicals(data)) end function export.assert_root(source, root) local ok, err = check_root(source, root) if not ok then error(UI_STRINGS.bad_root:format(source:getCanonicalName(), root, err)) end return true end function export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids) local categories = {} ids = ids or {} if lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then M.insert(categories, UI_STRINGS.derived_language:format(source:getCanonicalName(), lang:getFullName())) -- l10n: 語序 end for index, root in ipairs(roots) do M.insert(categories, root_category(lang, source, root, ids[index])) export.assert_root(source, root) end return categories end function export.categorize(lang, source, roots, ids, sort_key) return M.utilities.format_categories( export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids), lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat) end function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = { required = true, type = "language" }, [2] = { required = true, type = "language" }, [3] = { required = true, list = true }, ["id"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true }, ["sort"] = {}, } local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params) return export.categorize(args[1], args[2], args[3], args.id, args.sort) end function export.root(frame) local lang, data = get_lang_and_data(frame) local radical_set = resolve_radicals(data) local link_target = data.link_target or DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET local output = {} local categories = {} local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.nsText local params = { [1] = { list = true }, ["nocat"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["plain"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["notext"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["sense"] = {}, } if link_target == "bare" then params["head"] = true params["pagename"] = true end local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params) local roots = args[1] local roots_len = #roots local plain = args["plain"] if frame.args["plain"] then plain = true end local separator = data.separator local identity local subpage = "" if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then subpage = UI_STRINGS.appendix_subpage:format(lang:getCanonicalName()) local fulltitle = title.fullText fulltitle = M.str_utils.gsub(fulltitle, M.str_utils.gsub(subpage, "([^%w])", "%%%1"), "") identity = fulltitle else identity = args["pagename"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename end local rootLetters = {} if roots_len == 0 and not args["pagename"] and namespace == "Template" and data.preview_root then M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(data.preview_root, separator)) elseif roots_len ~= 0 then for _, root in ipairs(roots) do M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(root, separator)) end else if link_target == "bare" then local head = frame.args["head"] if args["head"] ~= nil and identity ~= lang:stripDiacritics(args["head"]) then error(UI_STRINGS.root_vs_pagename) end if head and args["head"] ~= nil then identity = args["head"] end end M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(identity, separator)) end local joined_roots = {} for i, rootLetter in ipairs(rootLetters) do M.insert(joined_roots, M.concat(rootLetter, separator)) local ok, err = validate_root(rootLetter, joined_roots[i], data, radical_set) if not ok then error(err) end end local sense = args["sense"] local sense_formatted = "" if sense ~= nil and sense ~= "" then sense_formatted = UI_STRINGS.sense_wrapper:format(sense) end if identity == joined_roots[1] then if link_target == "appendix_subpage" and namespace == "" then error(UI_STRINGS.move_to_appendix:format(subpage .. joined_roots[1])) end if roots_len > 1 then error(UI_STRINGS.only_one_root) end local headword_args = { lang = lang, pos_category = "詞根", -- l10n: 分類名 categories = {}, heads = { identity }, nomultiwordcat = true, } local headword_opts = data.headword or DEFAULT_HEADWORD if headword_opts.translits then headword_args.translits = { transliterate_root(identity, data.romanization) } end if headword_opts.noposcat then headword_args.noposcat = true end M.insert(output, M.headword.full_headword(headword_args)) if args["nocat"] then return M.concat(output) end return M.concat(output) .. M.concat(categories) else local link_texts = {} local term_counts = {} for i, joined_root in ipairs(joined_roots) do local link_text if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then link_text = subpage .. joined_root else link_text = joined_root end local translit = data.romanization and transliterate_root(joined_root, data.romanization) or nil M.insert(link_texts, link(link_text, joined_root, translit, sense, lang) .. sense_formatted) M.insert(categories, M.utilities.format_categories( { root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense) }, lang, nil, nil, force_cat)) M.insert(term_counts, mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory( root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense), "pages")) end if args["nocat"] or plain then if args["nocat"] then return M.concat(link_texts, ", ") end return M.concat(link_texts, ", ") .. M.concat(categories) else local link_text_output = "" -- l10n: 中文無單複數，詞數改用 UI_STRINGS.term_count for i, link_text in ipairs(link_texts) do link_text_output = link_text_output .. "\n|-\n| " .. link_text .. "\n|-\n| [[:Category:" .. root_category(lang, lang, joined_roots[i], sense) .. "|" .. UI_STRINGS.term_count:format(term_counts[i]) .. "]]\n" end local wikicode = M.inflection_table.make_top{ title = "-", palette = data.palette, class = "floatright tr-alongside" } local article = lang:inFamily("sem") and UI_STRINGS.article_semitic or UI_STRINGS.article_generic wikicode = wikicode .. UI_STRINGS.root_heading:format(article, UI_STRINGS.root_label) wikicode = wikicode .. link_text_output wikicode = wikicode .. M.inflection_table.make_bottom{} return wikicode .. M.concat(categories) end end end return export 3buk08niruz98wkwy6c4xxfc6j4kw4n 828 3520047 9889919 9869502 2026-09-07T14:24:41Z TongcyDai 53191 9889919 Scribunto text/plain local initial = { ["א"] = true, ["ב"] = true, ["ג"] = true, ["ד"] = true, ["ה"] = true, ["הּ"] = false, ["ו"] = true, ["ז"] = true, ["ח"] = true, ["ט"] = true, ["י"] = true, ["כ"] = true, ["ל"] = true, ["מ"] = true, ["נ"] = true, ["ס"] = true, ["ע"] = true, ["פ"] = true, ["צ"] = true, ["ק"] = true, ["ר"] = true, ["שׁ"] = true, ["שׂ"] = true, ["ת"] = true, } local medial = { ["א"] = true, ["ב"] = true, ["ג"] = true, ["ד"] = true, ["ה"] = true, ["הּ"] = false, ["ו"] = true, ["ז"] = true, ["ח"] = true, ["ט"] = true, ["י"] = true, ["כ"] = true, ["ל"] = true, ["מ"] = true, ["נ"] = true, ["ס"] = true, ["ע"] = true, ["פ"] = true, ["צ"] = true, ["ק"] = true, ["ר"] = true, ["שׁ"] = true, ["שׂ"] = true, ["ת"] = true, } local final = { ["א"] = true, ["ב"] = true, ["ג"] = true, ["ד"] = true, ["ה"] = false, ["הּ"] = true, ["ו"] = false, ["ז"] = true, ["ח"] = true, ["ט"] = true, ["י"] = true, ["ך"] = true, ["ל"] = true, ["ם"] = true, ["ן"] = true, ["ס"] = true, ["ע"] = true, ["ף"] = true, ["ץ"] = true, ["ק"] = true, ["ר"] = true, ["שׁ"] = true, ["שׂ"] = true, ["ת"] = true, } return { script = "Hebr", separator = "־", min_radicals = 2, validation = "positional", radicals = { initial = initial, medial = medial, final = final, }, romanization = { { "־", "-" }, { "א", "ʾ" }, { "ב", "b" }, { "ג", "g" }, { "ד", "d" }, { "הּ", "h" }, { "ה", "h" }, { "ו", "w" }, { "ז", "z" }, { "ח", "ḥ" }, { "ט", "ṭ" }, { "י", "y" }, { "[כך]", "k" }, { "ל", "l" }, { "[מם]", "m" }, { "[נן]", "n" }, { "ס", "s" }, { "ע", "ʿ" }, { "[פף]", "p" }, { "[ץצ]", "ṣ" }, { "ק", "q" }, { "ר", "r" }, { "שׁ", "š" }, { "שׂ", "s" }, { "ת", "t" }, }, link_target = "bare", headword = { translits = true, noposcat = false }, palette = "red", preview_root = "כ־ת־ב", } n6wkpm3e5heaxcbu2qdha3oz5t71pg5 0 3530528 9889893 2026-09-07T12:14:56Z TongcyDai 53191 重定向页面至[[ى]] 9889893 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ى]] {{R character variation}} j1skjikc0y2h87goh49ix1sj27atcgs 0 3530529 9889908 2026-09-07T12:52:40Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==施盧赫語== ===詞源=== {{ety|shi|:bor|ar:دُنْيَا|tree=+|nocat=+}} 源自{{bor|shi|ar|دُنْيَا}} 的早期借詞。 ===名詞=== {{shi-noun|head=الدّونيت|f|tr=ddunit}} {{tlb|shi|Medieval}} # {{alt form of|shi|ddunit|from=Medieval}} ## [[塵世]]，[[現在]][[生活]]的[[世界]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:shi:Levi-Provencal}}」的新頁面 9889908 wikitext text/x-wiki ==施盧赫語== ===詞源=== {{ety|shi|:bor|ar:دُنْيَا|tree=+|nocat=+}} 源自{{bor|shi|ar|دُنْيَا}} 的早期借詞。 ===名詞=== {{shi-noun|head=الدّونيت|f|tr=ddunit}} {{tlb|shi|Medieval}} # {{alt form of|shi|ddunit|from=Medieval}} ## [[塵世]]，[[現在]][[生活]]的[[世界]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:shi:Levi-Provencal}} r5a0fk4or30fm0oo3u8v5rc2hgmb1eq 0 3530530 9889910 2026-09-07T13:21:25Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|ادني|أذني}} ==阿拉伯語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|ar|id=較近|دَنِيّ<id:近>|title=أَدْنَى|tree=1}} {{m|ar|دَنِيّ||[[近]]的，[[低]]的，[[卑賤]]的}}的{{ar-elative}}，源自詞根{{ar-root|د ن و}}與{{ar-root|د ن ي}}。 ===形容詞=== {{ar-adj|أَدْنَى|f=دُنْيَا|pl=أَدْنَوْن,أَدَانٍ|fpl=دُنْيَيَات,دُنًى,دُنًا}} # {{infl of|ar|دَنِيّ||…」的新頁面 9889910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ادني|أذني}} ==阿拉伯語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|ar|id=較近|دَنِيّ<id:近>|title=أَدْنَى|tree=1}} {{m|ar|دَنِيّ||[[近]]的，[[低]]的，[[卑賤]]的}}的{{ar-elative}}，源自詞根{{ar-root|د ن و}}與{{ar-root|د ن ي}}。 ===形容詞=== {{ar-adj|أَدْنَى|f=دُنْيَا|pl=أَدْنَوْن,أَدَانٍ|fpl=دُنْيَيَات,دُنًى,دُنًا}} # {{infl of|ar|دَنِيّ||elad|t=[[近]]的，[[低]]的，[[卑賤]]的}}： ## 更[[近]]的；最[[近]]的 ##: {{uxa|ar|الشَّرْق الْأَدْنَى|t=[[近東]]，與{{m|ar|الشَّرْق الْأَقْصَى|t=遠東}}相對}} ##: {{ant|ar|أَقْصَى}} ## 更[[低]]的；最[[低]]的 ## 更[[低微]]的；最[[低微]]的 ## 較不[[重要]]的；最不[[重要]]的 ## 更[[合適]]的；最[[合適]]的 ## 較[[小]]的；最[[小]]的 ##* {{RQ:Qur'an|32|21|passage=وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ '''الأَدْنَى''' دُونَ الْعَذَابِ الأَكْبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ|t=在最大的刑罰之前，我必使他們嘗一點較'''輕'''（較'''近'''）的刑罰，以便他們悔悟。}} ## [[次等]]的，[[劣等]]的 ##* {{RQ:Qur'an|2|61|passage=أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ؟|t=難道你們要以較'''次等'''的換取較好的嗎？}} ====變格==== {{ar-decl-adj|أَدْنَى|f=دُنْيَا|pl=أَدْنَوْن|pl2=أَدَانٍ|fpl=دُنْيَيَات|fpl2=دُنًى|fpl3=دُنًا}} ==南黎凡特阿拉伯語== {{ajp-root|د ن و}} ===詞源=== {{ety|ajp|:inh|ar:أَدْنَى|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{ajp-IPA|ʔadna<p:ˈʔad.na>}} * {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-أدنى.wav|a=Ramallah}} ===形容詞=== {{ajp-adj|tr=ʔadna|f=دنيا|ftr=dunya}} # 更[[低]]的；最[[低]]的；[[最低]]的，[[最小]]的 #: {{ant|ajp|أعلى|tr=ʔaʕla}} #: {{uxa|ajp|[[حد|الحدّ]] [[أدنى|الأدنى]] [[ل]][[دفع|لدفع]] [[خمسين]] [[دينار]].|tr=il-ḥadd il-'''ʔadna''' lad-dafeʔ ḵamsīn dīnār|t='''最低'''付款額為五十第納爾。|lit=付款的'''最低'''限度為五十第納爾。}} # 更[[近]]的；最[[近]]的 #: {{ant|ajp|أقصى|tr=ʔaqṣa}} {{cln|ajp|相對最高級形容詞}} e22spffd70k2pe0o5u7jse9fs14nhbm 14 3530531 9889914 2026-09-07T13:47:17Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530532 9889915 2026-09-07T13:47:22Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530533 9889923 2026-09-07T15:09:02Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=打后}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |c=daa2 hau6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|粵語|數字、日期等}} [[之後]]」的新頁面 9889923 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=打后}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |c=daa2 hau6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|粵語|數字、日期等}} [[之後]] p029s55uqdsgta1sjyf8tm01ucoja35 14 3530534 9889928 2026-09-07T16:52:09Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530535 9889929 2026-09-07T16:53:08Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpiɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-happyer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|happy}}」的新頁面 9889929 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpiɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-happyer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|happy}} 7f04iyp249j3btgbhvnjgrjaru9gufe 0 3530536 9889930 2026-09-07T16:53:15Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpistn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-happysten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|happy}}」的新頁面 9889930 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈhɛpistn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-happysten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|happy}} kdovjfpxs1xk3q0ujb34v0xphmreva3 0 3530537 9889933 2026-09-07T17:01:26Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-froher.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|froh}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889933 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-froher.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|froh}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} 67z15p5jr5dukkhwl4xqhps00tz9f2x 0 3530538 9889934 2026-09-07T17:01:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889934 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} nbdfb1wrh2xb4f88l4krxupghkr78nk 0 3530539 9889935 2026-09-07T17:01:31Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889935 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} 7hus25cyyq6z88uzsjwjo1oi30vr5vw 0 3530540 9889936 2026-09-07T17:01:34Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889936 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} m36q995n604y6frnovji7wj1iafjqns 14 3530541 9889938 2026-09-07T17:02:26Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530542 9889939 2026-09-07T17:02:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530543 9889940 2026-09-07T17:02:38Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530544 9889941 2026-09-07T17:02:46Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-froherer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889941 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-froherer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} ll7z1zihxtf27mgl71rxei2khzf9mb3 0 3530545 9889942 2026-09-07T17:02:48Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889942 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} jjasouwxp3ulrvqvr7pplvruendj2em 0 3530546 9889943 2026-09-07T17:02:49Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-froherem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889943 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-froherem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} 9kp6iuzxs8i8vehtqz19j291tdg4xjd 0 3530547 9889944 2026-09-07T17:02:51Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889944 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} bneg5ontldsqy0pbid7460lcu2fe52e 0 3530548 9889945 2026-09-07T17:02:52Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889945 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} qez9pqonqjq76t8q627th9jjmzr8leh 0 3530549 9889946 2026-09-07T17:02:55Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889946 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} r5zv4mef8bp1ofsg3xrt4z5b8myrx47 0 3530550 9889947 2026-09-07T17:02:57Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohsten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-am frohsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|froh}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889947 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohsten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-am frohsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|froh}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} o4ofp7jcjz0exi04k2mopgza2cndsgi 9889949 9889947 2026-09-07T17:03:44Z TongcyDai 53191 9889949 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohsten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-am frohsten.ogg|a=柏林|q=am frohsten}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|froh}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} 2o708vvghsvya5m8yaes2kewzn3yke7 0 3530551 9889948 2026-09-07T17:03:06Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohester.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|ster}}」的新頁面 9889948 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohester.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|ster}} 8zlpzr93v2ktdh3yyzxrowpgaz5tl1g 0 3530552 9889950 2026-09-07T17:03:51Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889950 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} arkijie7rmwu4ggsiq1pbi5q93b79um 0 3530553 9889951 2026-09-07T17:03:53Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889951 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} rzvt6zjr21z21v1980ug8i9mh7usi62 0 3530554 9889952 2026-09-07T17:03:54Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|ste}}」的新頁面 9889952 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-froheste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|ste}} 4nr402kgfdue212arpkfok0df09wl7m 0 3530555 9889953 2026-09-07T17:04:00Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}}」的新頁面 9889953 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh}} epwd6d8z2shc10pf5cbst7p94iuccrt 0 3530556 9889954 2026-09-07T17:04:02Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohestem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|stem}}」的新頁面 9889954 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁoːəstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frohestem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|froh|stem}} qlyej3m3qc2fvo4takbohwft3ei0dmd 14 3530557 9889955 2026-09-07T17:04:21Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530558 9889956 2026-09-07T17:04:29Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530559 9889958 2026-09-07T17:09:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==冰島語== ===詞源=== 可能源自{{onomatopoeic|is|title=感嘆詞}}，源自詞根 {{m|is|*hi-}}（見於{{cog|da|forhippet|t=渴望達成某事}}、{{m|da|hige|t=強烈希望}}、{{cog|nn|heppen}}、{{m|nn|forhippen}}、{{m|nn|hike}} 的第二成分）。亦與{{cog|sv|häpen}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{is-IPA}} ===形容詞=== {{is-adj|@@}} # [[幸運]]的 ====變格==== {{is-adecl|comp}}」的新頁面 9889958 wikitext text/x-wiki ==冰島語== ===詞源=== 可能源自{{onomatopoeic|is|title=感嘆詞}}，源自詞根 {{m|is|*hi-}}（見於{{cog|da|forhippet|t=渴望達成某事}}、{{m|da|hige|t=強烈希望}}、{{cog|nn|heppen}}、{{m|nn|forhippen}}、{{m|nn|hike}} 的第二成分）。亦與{{cog|sv|häpen}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{is-IPA}} ===形容詞=== {{is-adj|@@}} # [[幸運]]的 ====變格==== {{is-adecl|comp}} frvelrk7e7qbd50cur4lxye7j9l9ovm 9889959 9889958 2026-09-07T17:10:42Z TongcyDai 53191 9889959 wikitext text/x-wiki ==冰島語== ===詞源=== 可能源自{{onomatopoeic|is|title=感嘆詞}}，源自詞根 {{m|is|*hi-}}（見於{{cog|da|forhippet|t=渴望達成某事}}、{{m|da|hige|t=強烈希望}}、{{cog|nn|heppen}}、{{m|nn|forhippen}}、{{m|nn|hike}}）。亦與{{cog|sv|häpen}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{is-IPA}} ===形容詞=== {{is-adj|@@}} # [[幸運]]的 ====變格==== {{is-adecl|comp}} bkfgbhdgvtf7ai2623jhlq3uzu1yva8 9889960 9889959 2026-09-07T17:10:54Z TongcyDai 53191 9889960 wikitext text/x-wiki ==冰島語== ===詞源=== 可能源自{{onomatopoeic|is|title=感嘆詞}}，源自詞根 {{m|is|*hi-}}（見於{{cog|da|forhippet|t=渴望達成某事}}、{{m|da|hige|t=強烈希望}}、{{cog|nn|heppen}}、{{m|nn|forhippen}}、{{m|nn|hike}}）。亦與{{cog|sv|häpen}} 同源。 ===發音=== * {{is-IPA}} ===形容詞=== {{is-adj|@@}} # [[幸運]]的，[[好運]]的 ====變格==== {{is-adecl|comp}} 0stw3wzfbgo8d8nv6y38lwj3g89i5ar 0 3530560 9889961 2026-09-07T17:14:09Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|froh}} ==中部法蘭克尼亞語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|gmw-cfr|freh||Moselle Franconian}} * {{alt|gmw-cfr|frieh||南|_|Moselle Franconian}} * {{alt|gmw-cfr|frööch||西|_|Ripuarian}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|gmw-cfr|goh|fruoi}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|gmw-cfr|/fʀøː/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|gmw-cfr|形容詞|陽性|fröhe|陰性|fröh|比較級|fröher|or|fröhter|最高級|et [[fröhste]]|or|fröhtste}} # {{lb|gmw-cfr|Ripu…」的新頁面 9889961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|froh}} ==中部法蘭克尼亞語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|gmw-cfr|freh||Moselle Franconian}} * {{alt|gmw-cfr|frieh||南|_|Moselle Franconian}} * {{alt|gmw-cfr|frööch||西|_|Ripuarian}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|gmw-cfr|goh|fruoi}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|gmw-cfr|/fʀøː/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|gmw-cfr|形容詞|陽性|fröhe|陰性|fröh|比較級|fröher|or|fröhter|最高級|et [[fröhste]]|or|fröhtste}} # {{lb|gmw-cfr|Ripuarian|_|的多數方言}} [[早]]的 ceu4yd0232tiro1adsed1ej4bzqnasn 14 3530561 9889968 2026-09-07T17:38:49Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530562 9889969 2026-09-07T17:38:54Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530563 9889972 2026-09-07T17:41:01Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3530564 9889973 2026-09-07T17:41:08Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530565 9889974 2026-09-07T17:50:42Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|ء ل ب}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|تَأَلَّبَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|V.nopass}} # [[聚集]]，[[集結]]，[[集合]] ====變位==== {{ar-conj|V.nopass}}」的新頁面 9889974 wikitext text/x-wiki ==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|ء ل ب}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|تَأَلَّبَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|V.nopass}} # [[聚集]]，[[集結]]，[[集合]] ====變位==== {{ar-conj|V.nopass}} er3vn4v563ezycicpwi18ctgljp00qb 14 3530566 9889975 2026-09-07T17:50:51Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530567 9889976 2026-09-07T17:51:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|و ء ر}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|اِسْتَوْأَرَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|X}} # 感到[[害怕]]，[[驚恐]]萬分 ====變位==== {{ar-conj|X}}」的新頁面 9889976 wikitext text/x-wiki ==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|و ء ر}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|اِسْتَوْأَرَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|X}} # 感到[[害怕]]，[[驚恐]]萬分 ====變位==== {{ar-conj|X}} nf8p4ro7w4jbdr1jej5rydqbyr4hleo 14 3530568 9889977 2026-09-07T17:51:45Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530569 9889978 2026-09-07T17:52:38Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|و ب خ}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|وَبَّخَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|II.pass}} # [[責備]]，[[責罵]]，[[訓斥]]，[[斥責]] ====變位==== {{ar-conj|II.pass}} ====參考資料==== * {{R:ar:Almaany}}」的新頁面 9889978 wikitext text/x-wiki ==阿拉伯語== {{ar-rootbox|و ب خ}} ===發音=== {{ar-pr|وَبَّخَ}} ===動詞=== {{ar-verb|II.pass}} # [[責備]]，[[責罵]]，[[訓斥]]，[[斥責]] ====變位==== {{ar-conj|II.pass}} ====參考資料==== * {{R:ar:Almaany}} 7vnblmofadib2cf7poe4c9ywnfse0tf 14 3530570 9889979 2026-09-07T17:52:49Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9889979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3530571 9890008 2026-09-08T05:45:37Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9890008 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=21|1=-}} {{wp}} ===詞源=== 來自{{der|zh|fr|sous-vide}} + {{zh-m|法|方式，方法}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=shūféifǎ |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|Taiwan}} 一種[[通過]]用較低[[溫度]][[長時間]][[加熱]]的[[烹飪]][[方法]] {{C|zh|烹飪}} ak6fsrxe4gol4a9s4sg81wg3paq3cax 9890009 9890008 2026-09-08T05:46:06Z Fglffer 55252 9890009 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|type=21|1=-}} {{wp}} ===詞源=== 來自{{der|zh|fr|sous-vide}} + {{zh-m|法|t=方式，方法}}。 ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=shūféifǎ |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|Taiwan}} 一種[[通過]]用較低[[溫度]][[長時間]][[加熱]]的[[烹飪]][[方法]] {{C|zh|烹飪}} 0rft2dfbq7jhab1zmlvkodgqyrbrziz 0 3530572 9890010 2026-09-08T05:52:27Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9890010 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=社经}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=shèjīng |cat=a }} ===形容詞=== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|attributive}} {{zh-short-comp|社會|經濟}} fepbwk0q2oc37lmv3df0kllzkzodssm 9890011 9890010 2026-09-08T05:53:40Z Fglffer 55252 9890011 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=社经}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=shèjīng |cat=a }} ===形容詞=== {{head|zh|形容詞}} # {{lb|zh|attributive}} {{zh-short-comp|社會經濟}} 6t4xaa2auy8cfa6twvgmsnrni582r9a 0 3530573 9890013 2026-09-08T05:58:52Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9890013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ごぎゅう}} ==日語== {{ja-see-kango|呼吸|故宮|狐裘|胡弓|故旧|孤笈}} g16e1mb4bkcxyumgbpph4vibogpej7a 0 3530574 9890015 2026-09-08T06:04:13Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9890015 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-see|阿吽の呼吸}} 0ekquqvh83id4zwbiims9xexlhfdu8y 0 3530575 9890016 2026-09-08T06:23:44Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|handlarz|-ka|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-handlarka.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{female equivalent of|pl|handlarz}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|handlarski|handlarstwo|handel|handlować|handlowiec|handlowy}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}}」的新頁面 9890016 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|handlarz|-ka|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-handlarka.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{female equivalent of|pl|handlarz}} ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-f}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|handlarski|handlarstwo|handel|handlować|handlowiec|handlowy}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 91b2errdmw9tzdwuoqeoxooh3qyzjdy 0 3530576 9890017 2026-09-08T06:25:08Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-20]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|20}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在20歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U21}}」的新頁面 9890017 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-20]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|20}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在20歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U21}} 3rw78z8gfuj5q7ycru4zybyjo7dyenq 0 3530577 9890018 2026-09-08T06:25:13Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-21]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|21}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在21歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20}}」的新頁面 9890018 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-21]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|21}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在21歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20}} tns2erz4wunqrzqzyset0r9fmccil8f 0 3530578 9890019 2026-09-08T06:25:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|u19}} ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-19]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|19}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在19歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|u19}} ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-19]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|19}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在19歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U20|U21}} azb28e2jjixfoe73fa7eapfxdqgu0k2 0 3530579 9890020 2026-09-08T06:26:32Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|u18|Ü18}} ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-18]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|18}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|mostly|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在18歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U19|U20|U21}} ==英語== ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{init of|en|[[under]] 18 (years of age)|t=18歲以下的}}。 #: {{…」的新頁面 9890020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|u18|Ü18}} ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-18]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|18}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|mostly|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在18歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U19|U20|U21}} ==英語== ===形容詞=== {{en-adj|-}} # {{init of|en|[[under]] 18 (years of age)|t=18歲以下的}}。 #: {{ux|en|a '''U18''' sports team|'''18歲以下'''運動隊}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # 18歲以下的人 #: {{ux|en|There is a separate competition for '''U18'''s.|'''18歲以下的選手'''有另外一場比賽。}} 115ly4pb0xqb9iwwzn4z4d5hq44oari 0 3530580 9890021 2026-09-08T06:26:48Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-17]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|17}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在17歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890021 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-17]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|17}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在17歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U18|U19|U20|U21}} 1d3jv60hglbli3zycuhx69rr3qcspi6 0 3530581 9890022 2026-09-08T06:26:53Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-16]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|16}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在16歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890022 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-16]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|16}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在16歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} 0mazqa6mc7ts3mdgbpm25mxc38m0mf0 0 3530582 9890023 2026-09-08T06:27:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-15]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|15}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在15歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890023 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-15]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|15}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在15歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U14|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} ouuwdfukccqf9ruw0n6spuuh5beeu9h 0 3530583 9890024 2026-09-08T06:27:10Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-14]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|14}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在14歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890024 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-14]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|14}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在14歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U13|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} 7zle94wnajwvfjal14p66igohve8jrp 0 3530584 9890025 2026-09-08T06:27:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-13]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|13}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在13歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890025 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-13]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|13}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在13歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U12|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} p6cb6d2bykeqfwjxguoz3ct8tgmwxtp 0 3530585 9890026 2026-09-08T06:27:31Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-12]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|12}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在12歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890026 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-12]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|12}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在12歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U11|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} gjfvqz0ngnt79k8832fb6lv50vxck5b 0 3530586 9890027 2026-09-08T06:27:36Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-11]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|11}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在11歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890027 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-11]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|11}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在11歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U10|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} 23qq1lby1q9ggn58hrxp610w617ioxs 0 3530587 9890028 2026-09-08T06:27:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-10]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|10}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在10歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}}」的新頁面 9890028 wikitext text/x-wiki ==跨語言== ===其他形式=== * [[U-10]] ===詞源=== {{abbrev|mul|{{l|en|under}} {{l|mul|10}}}}。源自{{der|mul|en|-}}。 ===形容詞=== {{head|mul|形容詞}} # {{label|mul|sports}} 參賽選手年齡在10歲以下的 ====同類詞彙==== {{col|mul|U11|U12|U13|U14|U15|U16|U17|U18|U19|U20|U21}} 5667k87orlcdmhb4vq7f5uzuml8bna8 0 3530588 9890030 2026-09-08T06:33:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===專有名詞=== {{head|en|專有名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|Wozniak}}」的新頁面 9890030 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===專有名詞=== {{head|en|專有名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|Wozniak}} p8b8n4up5aqp900e6831bqhp2r2gxi2 0 3530589 9890031 2026-09-08T06:33:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|destrùggere}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{lb|it|及物|古舊}} {{alt form|it|distruggere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}}」的新頁面 9890031 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|destrùggere}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{lb|it|及物|古舊}} {{alt form|it|distruggere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}} bri1909rwr9i6eeewwk5b67a918efko 0 3530590 9890032 2026-09-08T06:34:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|destruggere}}」的新頁面 9890032 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|destruggere}} 6cnzbdq9zbrr8wio7vj2ieqcuvpaah9 0 3530591 9890033 2026-09-08T06:34:09Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|destruggere}}」的新頁面 9890033 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|destruggere}} sqprjyb5b901wof9vvkaqtbaijk4974 0 3530592 9890034 2026-09-08T06:36:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|eccitare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|eccitare}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/è}} # {{lb|it|及物|物理學}} 使變為非激活態 ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/è}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|diseccitazione}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=accdeeiirst|accideresti|disecciterà}}」的新頁面 9890034 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|eccitare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|eccitare}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/è}} # {{lb|it|及物|物理學}} 使變為非激活態 ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/è}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|diseccitazione}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=accdeeiirst|accideresti|disecciterà}} 9wfg9ipg1riljkxdc4zkwmsr9bj27gr 0 3530593 9890035 2026-09-08T06:37:00Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|diseccitare}}」的新頁面 9890035 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|diseccitare}} m71er811dysgzd3kgtpk5bvfzg9tqn2 0 3530594 9890036 2026-09-08T06:37:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|diseccitare}}」的新頁面 9890036 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|diseccitare}} s08gva5h0uhofjfdnykteerdgj275a8 0 3530595 9890037 2026-09-08T06:37:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|diseccitato}}」的新頁面 9890037 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|diseccitato}} llmr1ccnsoyp3r485r8k7z8twg2wtbj 0 3530596 9890038 2026-09-08T06:37:20Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|diseccitato}}」的新頁面 9890038 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|diseccitato}} j4tpej3au8cm3x2ryc7yf0jiezqwtcv 0 3530597 9890039 2026-09-08T06:37:21Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|diseccitare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|diseccitato}}」的新頁面 9890039 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|diseccitare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|diseccitato}} 5k410celab4fv7mznytfr67wzlsk4lz 0 3530598 9890040 2026-09-08T06:37:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|diseccitante}}」的新頁面 9890040 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|diseccitante}} tiwvlxsz3kjfnaz7d7exu910qrwztp8 0 3530599 9890041 2026-09-08T06:38:53Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|affezionare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|affezionare}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|disaffetsionàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[失去]][[感情]] # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[疏遠]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezionarsi}} * {{l|it|disaffezione}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeffiinorsz|disaffezionerà}}」的新頁面 9890041 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|affezionare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|affezionare}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|disaffetsionàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[失去]][[感情]] # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[疏遠]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezionarsi}} * {{l|it|disaffezione}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeffiinorsz|disaffezionerà}} 0cqijumiytlvfy1aefj9icpuisbmgtu 0 3530600 9890042 2026-09-08T06:39:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disaffezionare}}」的新頁面 9890042 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disaffezionare}} e42owuaemi8xbrrqjhhcx2ptu3xhc1k 0 3530601 9890043 2026-09-08T06:39:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # {{reflexive of|it|disaffezionare}} # [[失去]][[感情]] # 與……[[疏遠]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezione}}」的新頁面 9890043 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # {{reflexive of|it|disaffezionare}} # [[失去]][[感情]] # 與……[[疏遠]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezione}} eerhnvb04le3kfp8hitnozycqdy0jyf 0 3530602 9890044 2026-09-08T06:39:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disaffezionante}}」的新頁面 9890044 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disaffezionante}} 2kby70yc0iihadc4935x7fqiujmntdc 0 3530603 9890045 2026-09-08T06:39:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 失去[[好感]]的 # [[疏遠]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezionatamente}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disaffezionare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeffiinoostz|defosfatazioni}}」的新頁面 9890045 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 失去[[好感]]的 # [[疏遠]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|disaffezionatamente}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disaffezionare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeffiinoostz|defosfatazioni}} 3ti9z2dhbhhyf8ljc5qvg3kwqb9a647 0 3530604 9890046 2026-09-08T06:39:57Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disaffezionato}}」的新頁面 9890046 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disaffezionato}} oglksvnvkmgq1avdntwp16c0f6eivj5 0 3530605 9890047 2026-09-08T06:40:00Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disaffetsionàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disaffezionato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disaffetsiónati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disaffezionarsi||2|s|impr}}」的新頁面 9890047 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disaffetsionàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disaffezionato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disaffetsiónati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disaffezionarsi||2|s|impr}} kjqu7wbal2inx1urtcrjmx4tjl8hhwl 0 3530606 9890048 2026-09-08T06:40:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disaffezionare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disaffezionato}}」的新頁面 9890048 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disaffezionare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disaffezionato}} etsh5s1hcpwqq3avccui4mihi7kdz6i 0 3530607 9890049 2026-09-08T06:40:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # [[失去]][[好感]]」的新頁面 9890049 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # [[失去]][[好感]] 2whghdi8i617ozz4sak433y255ragq3 0 3530608 9890050 2026-09-08T06:40:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{plural of|it|disaffezione}}」的新頁面 9890050 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{plural of|it|disaffezione}} pny8npveadvdf59vfcvodg24n3y5ilu 0 3530609 9890051 2026-09-08T06:42:00Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|ancorare<t:锚定，系泊>}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|ancorare|gloss2=锚定，系泊}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物|航海}} [[起錨]] # {{lb|it|及物|經濟學}} 使[[貨幣]]與另一種貨幣或金本位[[脫鉤]] # {{lb|it|及物}} [[解除]][[束縛]] # {{lb|it|及物}} [[斷連]]，[[解耦]] # {{lb|it|及物|計算機}} [[脫離]][[對接]] ====變位==== {{it-c…」的新頁面 9890051 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|ancorare<t:锚定，系泊>}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|ancorare|gloss2=锚定，系泊}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物|航海}} [[起錨]] # {{lb|it|及物|經濟學}} 使[[貨幣]]與另一種貨幣或金本位[[脫鉤]] # {{lb|it|及物}} [[解除]][[束縛]] # {{lb|it|及物}} [[斷連]]，[[解耦]] # {{lb|it|及物|計算機}} [[脫離]][[對接]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeinorrs|disancorerà}} ab4r4w7cgedqis2t9bnb5kqs88uza1o 0 3530610 9890052 2026-09-08T06:42:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disancorare}}」的新頁面 9890052 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disancorare}} auaawjc8ta6xh8pkjrki71nznyo6z9s 0 3530611 9890053 2026-09-08T06:42:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disancorare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdinoorst|scoordinata}}」的新頁面 9890053 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disancorare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdinoorst|scoordinata}} q9m8kj6yw5hojuk5egf22nw9m3n18bs 0 3530612 9890054 2026-09-08T06:42:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disancorante}}」的新頁面 9890054 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disancorante}} 8u52w5fva3d0hthgk10gvvnmzbtl53f 0 3530613 9890055 2026-09-08T06:42:27Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disancorato}}」的新頁面 9890055 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disancorato}} 1pjk527s18qg3tdkybe3lrulsy02w0w 0 3530614 9890056 2026-09-08T06:42:28Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disancorato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdiinorst|incordatasi}}」的新頁面 9890056 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disancorato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdiinorst|incordatasi}} rx38rq1ccwivfmxt6uh7ali54i65cnh 0 3530615 9890057 2026-09-08T06:42:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disancorato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeinorst|astraendoci|considerata|sindacatore|stenocardia}}」的新頁面 9890057 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disancorato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeinorst|astraendoci|considerata|sindacatore|stenocardia}} a0oxi2tm3wq9fm90f72dwwe5gd5ssct 0 3530616 9890060 2026-09-08T06:44:58Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disattivare}}」的新頁面 9890060 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disattivare}} 33hjhmkrgylm7hsmb50p94w3ildu1zw 0 3530617 9890061 2026-09-08T06:45:36Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disattivare}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # [[去掉]][[雷管]]的，去掉[[引信]]的，無法[[引爆]]的 # [[失效]]的，被[[禁用]]的，無法[[運行]]的」的新頁面 9890061 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disattivare}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # [[去掉]][[雷管]]的，去掉[[引信]]的，無法[[引爆]]的 # [[失效]]的，被[[禁用]]的，無法[[運行]]的 mvadjm6luyczq1aldh0om16t1a3ywi0 0 3530618 9890062 2026-09-08T06:45:38Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disattivante}}」的新頁面 9890062 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disattivante}} tgn18mtzcxeor1lth7en67zpaj89muw 0 3530619 9890063 2026-09-08T06:45:50Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disattivato}}」的新頁面 9890063 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disattivato}} lhay4pzy3px6sgod99my25lb73vo0lw 0 3530620 9890064 2026-09-08T06:45:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disattivato}}」的新頁面 9890064 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disattivato}} 5z1qq48e9lga7fwn55ttx0yy94zglc6 0 3530621 9890065 2026-09-08T06:45:53Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disattivare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disattivato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiistttv|deattivasti}}」的新頁面 9890065 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disattivare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disattivato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiistttv|deattivasti}} ms20i3ce2yial3cajb2cwh2xnqq3hpz 0 3530622 9890066 2026-09-08T06:46:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|attrezzare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|attrezzare}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|[tts]}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/é}} # {{lb|it|及物|航海}} [[拆卸]]（船上的）[[裝備]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/é}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeirrsttzz|disattrezzerà}}」的新頁面 9890066 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-|attrezzare}} 源自 {{prefix|it|dis|attrezzare}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|[tts]}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/é}} # {{lb|it|及物|航海}} [[拆卸]]（船上的）[[裝備]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/é}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeirrsttzz|disattrezzerà}} 2kjq42jcrfwao6oeedot2vjnx6ixq20 0 3530623 9890067 2026-09-08T06:46:41Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disattrezzare}}」的新頁面 9890067 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disattrezzare}} ow5kzdoprh38qhmn0abdjv4sfjo2n6n 0 3530624 9890068 2026-09-08T06:46:43Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disattrezzare}}」的新頁面 9890068 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disattrezzare}} sm3fvlt4gao5rry9nqk1q93c8b0bo6q 0 3530625 9890069 2026-09-08T06:46:58Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disattrezzante}}」的新頁面 9890069 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disattrezzante}} rnxf25ost8s68hbk6cy6ef67fm185ce 0 3530626 9890070 2026-09-08T06:47:00Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disattrezzato}}」的新頁面 9890070 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disattrezzato}} anrogunjof94qee3oae97cmm06b0dth 0 3530627 9890071 2026-09-08T06:47:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disattrezzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiirstttzz|derattizzasti}}」的新頁面 9890071 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disattrezzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiirstttzz|derattizzasti}} 6evbutrfdsxh24iy5cl846cokcor7tr 0 3530628 9890072 2026-09-08T06:47:02Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disattrezzare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disattrezzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeirstttzz|derattizzaste}}」的新頁面 9890072 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disattrezzare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disattrezzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeeirstttzz|derattizzaste}} ts7hmcver3x600786xpiaiyycvmhh2j 0 3530629 9890073 2026-09-08T06:47:36Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|disastro|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|disastro|-are}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物|不常見}} [[摧毀]]，[[破壞]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|disastrato}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeirrsst|disastrerà|disserrata|ritardasse}}」的新頁面 9890073 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|disastro|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|disastro|-are}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à}} # {{lb|it|及物|不常見}} [[摧毀]]，[[破壞]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|disastrato}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeirrsst|disastrerà|disserrata|ritardasse}} me1o338kr31tvw497t915n5jthj0tkq 0 3530630 9890074 2026-09-08T06:47:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disastrare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeinrsstt|instradaste}}」的新頁面 9890074 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disastrare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeinrsstt|instradaste}} e87zup5xi6nipz4texpc81qwcfqu7yt 0 3530631 9890075 2026-09-08T06:48:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disastrato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaadirsstt|attardassi}}」的新頁面 9890075 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disastrato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aaadirsstt|attardassi}} g3xivsvsg9cwcl3iaavad2gaev2sfz1 0 3530632 9890076 2026-09-08T06:48:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disastrante}}」的新頁面 9890076 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disastrante}} i9l5vqi8ribb82pt7xa2fl7oeqb42e4 0 3530633 9890077 2026-09-08T06:48:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|disastrato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadiirsstt|istradasti}}」的新頁面 9890077 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|disastrato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadiirsstt|istradasti}} 172xq6tvdji4e7hp9mncphp7l6r4uod 0 3530634 9890078 2026-09-08T06:48:10Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====形容詞==== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disastrato}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disastrato}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeirsstt|dissertata|estradasti|istradaste}}」的新頁面 9890078 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====形容詞==== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disastrato}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disastrato}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeirsstt|dissertata|estradasti|istradaste}} tvqnqkm6rvpiciqaf6i6wz2mhnv8g0i 0 3530635 9890079 2026-09-08T06:48:46Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==弗留利語== ===名詞=== {{fur-noun|m}} # [[災難]] ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|disastro}} ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|s|pres|ind|;|1//2//3|s|pres|sub|;|3|s|imp}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiirsst|sardisti|tradissi}}」的新頁面 9890079 wikitext text/x-wiki ==弗留利語== ===名詞=== {{fur-noun|m}} # [[災難]] ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|^à}} ===名詞=== {{head|it|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|it|disastro}} ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|s|pres|ind|;|1//2//3|s|pres|sub|;|3|s|imp}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiirsst|sardisti|tradissi}} qfkcayioq0pkq06pombbj2y8em6xk9y 0 3530636 9890081 2026-09-08T06:49:53Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disincantare}}」的新頁面 9890081 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disincantare}} 2fnfqh2k8pw7eyoit4va2zttxc5jdv3 0 3530637 9890082 2026-09-08T06:50:04Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disincantante}}」的新頁面 9890082 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disincantante}} 42sme0oro2bn9nruac1g88yh2w5zb5k 0 3530638 9890085 2026-09-08T06:50:32Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disincantato}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disincantato}}」的新頁面 9890085 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disincantato}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disincantato}} i9tg5vnzyr3vb7ck2d1msb17nlj9qs7 0 3530639 9890086 2026-09-08T06:50:33Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disincantato}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disincantato}}」的新頁面 9890086 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disincantato}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disincantato}} 19poecw7r8748on98if1jb6tvw7txiv 0 3530640 9890087 2026-09-08T06:50:37Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====形容詞==== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disincantato}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disincantato}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}}」的新頁面 9890087 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====形容詞==== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disincantato}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disincantato}} ===詞源2=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} q5l2vxasd6iu5fg67lgranpa0nvh3wh 0 3530641 9890089 2026-09-08T06:52:46Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890089 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|p|pres|subj|;|3|p|impr}} 9i106ihl2gxp40zvccqss21zugblpjr 0 3530642 9890090 2026-09-08T06:52:47Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890090 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1//2//3|s|pres|subj|;|3|s|impr}} 7oe39y8k73ef5714hehbkens0dkt0ad 0 3530643 9890091 2026-09-08T06:52:48Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890091 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|s|pres|indc}} m6izba3k57ttdd3q2cwb0lyydbmsqe5 0 3530644 9890092 2026-09-08T06:52:51Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890092 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|p|phis}} 2gwt5nuxaw9hq31d4qe4muibvnnyxjf 0 3530645 9890093 2026-09-08T06:52:52Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890093 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動名詞}} # {{gerund of|it|destruggere}} 30rns9smgrbqloz42a9wa895wl10vx4 0 3530646 9890094 2026-09-08T06:52:53Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890094 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|s|futr}} c5kjid9527owatgxpcsdlfx5nffha3u 0 3530647 9890095 2026-09-08T06:52:55Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890095 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|p|futr}} g28kkijuc1qxlo9d0pbj0erflyi7tt5 0 3530648 9890096 2026-09-08T06:52:57Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890096 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|s|cond}} d8ylwz4cjnwsda1sqxyd5wyqm57fwcr 0 3530649 9890097 2026-09-08T06:52:58Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890097 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|p|cond}} 5tbymte4u5so7neuba347ar4373n5o9 0 3530650 9890098 2026-09-08T06:53:00Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890098 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|s|cond}} 2rqwhv3ysc849fsnohi104xau10bmhy 0 3530651 9890099 2026-09-08T06:53:01Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890099 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|p|cond}} st8ld5r9qey03s0jgisuigu9a9wby0d 0 3530652 9890100 2026-09-08T06:53:02Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890100 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|p|futr}} bh2brdzd62hhay9wo1r7lglgan2pgsv 0 3530653 9890101 2026-09-08T06:53:05Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890101 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|p|cond}} 8uflbraifqtmmkbu5q4ckbkwcsonb7t 0 3530654 9890102 2026-09-08T06:53:06Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890102 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|s|cond}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeeggirrssttu|distruggereste}} a9uk4ui6henfom6gyuijjlgqqnk5w5i 0 3530655 9890103 2026-09-08T06:53:07Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890103 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|p|futr}} lhjn3cwhjcvg5acci828mf27cn0m2uu 0 3530656 9890104 2026-09-08T06:53:09Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890104 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|s|futr}} hbhqvki9oh587tpnn4g43lkn4vy4sx6 0 3530657 9890105 2026-09-08T06:53:12Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890105 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|s|futr}} l7aq7s8lxk6a8z82sc4b43q4fv1i3bv 0 3530658 9890106 2026-09-08T06:53:13Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890106 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|s|impf|subj}} 6uwupxr309ztzr4pebqopfev6sb6hcw 0 3530659 9890107 2026-09-08T06:53:14Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890107 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|p|impf|subj}} 3zl11uil5czj98qxs1xqqy14l4j17at 0 3530660 9890108 2026-09-08T06:53:17Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890108 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1//2|s|impf|subj}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeggirssstu|distruggesse}} hqsto9gsnfanqqztxgb4oh36lrjkpcj 0 3530661 9890109 2026-09-08T06:53:18Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890109 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|p|impf|subj}} qpok7rb2e5tmsj5ucufggii2ov0juq7 0 3530662 9890110 2026-09-08T06:53:20Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890110 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|p|phis|;|2|p|impf|subj}} 1u5lkukep1z9h4bbnf1ia8pnumveyqw 0 3530663 9890111 2026-09-08T06:53:21Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890111 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|s|phis}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeggirssttu|distruggeste}} f94oq1irur54c4unwv69rae650zchrt 0 3530664 9890112 2026-09-08T06:53:23Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890112 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} pc01no8g1xbqd53lg6npnbj3arlzsat 0 3530665 9890113 2026-09-08T06:53:24Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890113 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|s|impf|indc}} qlonbrr9yr97rh2n6n4ivgbwz75oqjw 0 3530666 9890114 2026-09-08T06:53:26Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890114 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||1|p|impf|indc}} b5eiskgncxzata5uui8o80g4smazbmh 0 3530667 9890115 2026-09-08T06:53:28Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890115 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||3|p|impf|indc}} 716vbnhf8cdlnt3ntxe6fdy25qji5sp 0 3530668 9890116 2026-09-08T06:53:29Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890116 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|destruggere||2|p|impf|indc}} tcsxlqnk1t8hdwos3elwjb0jrsvia2t 0 3530669 9890117 2026-09-08T06:53:31Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890117 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # 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{{inflection of|it|disancorare||1|p|futr}} ns3owe0msfd89sv8jr9k3d0535ydrlx 0 3530739 9890187 2026-09-08T06:55:27Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890187 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||2|p|cond}} k5ya8i18dkdhyb28yrxbj1tyd8carzp 0 3530740 9890188 2026-09-08T06:55:29Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890188 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||2|s|cond}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdeeiinorrsst|riconsideraste}} m53j2xl5935gdk3g06bm1quzqfil3u7 0 3530741 9890189 2026-09-08T06:55:31Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890189 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||2|p|futr}} rd1qs1ybzg4pneaei7tro5xt1sfpm2f 0 3530742 9890190 2026-09-08T06:55:32Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890190 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disancorare||3|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeinorrs|disancorare}} qc8zzch18e5yij619o0kg4tnzrm7btv 0 3530743 9890191 2026-09-08T06:55:33Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890191 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # 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{{inflection of|it|disastrare||3|s|cond}} e4q3xtve2nxrd7vywv7bjhmjr4jynhv 0 3530772 9890220 2026-09-08T06:56:20Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890220 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||1|s|cond}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeiirrsst|disserriate|disserterai|sdraieresti}} q116d76amen8aojxiilrdelewx0yj71 0 3530773 9890221 2026-09-08T06:56:22Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890221 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||1|p|cond}} pyucuh2ux50litiaonnoezpj708iuiw 0 3530774 9890222 2026-09-08T06:56:24Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890222 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||1|p|futr}} ge5j1a226nqkqxsrx2p9vt3l2cipnf9 0 3530775 9890223 2026-09-08T06:56:26Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890223 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|p|cond}} 1ih2ad27ffanxpqv0bbagprlwzsj6ua 0 3530776 9890224 2026-09-08T06:56:27Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890224 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|s|cond}} odv99is3aqws62i8akldo88ty284cze 0 3530777 9890225 2026-09-08T06:56:29Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890225 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||2|p|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeeirrsstt|estraderesti|istradereste}} sbttvu5vvgc00r3ehkdb461an5zue4v 0 3530778 9890226 2026-09-08T06:56:30Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890226 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||3|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeirrsst|disastrare|disserrata|ritardasse}} o0wjbnsv5vtufngtu62k0dgygx76i0t 0 3530779 9890227 2026-09-08T06:56:31Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890227 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disastrare||1|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiorrsst|disserrato|sorradesti|tradissero}} 1c9tb26zd7lv82x9lb3wmplnl8x2g86 0 3530780 9890228 2026-09-08T06:56:34Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890228 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # 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{{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|s|phis}} 36ztb1wfnzv7s1gzjnptk65d346m89l 0 3530904 9890352 2026-09-08T07:00:09Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890352 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|s|impf|indc}} kornojtdd4kno92wp2mt82j0vfg7bya 0 3530905 9890353 2026-09-08T07:00:12Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890353 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|p|impf|indc}} gud5e0uki3i5go4ed34buqx1xeikkkg 0 3530906 9890354 2026-09-08T07:00:13Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890354 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|p|impf|indc}} 2d7fm0m3oyh2qq7apqe7k18q7dafek3 0 3530907 9890355 2026-09-08T07:00:14Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890355 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|impf|indc}} qidbxv6522hw0sgzerpn9r7zp8xs8n8 0 3530908 9890356 2026-09-08T07:00:16Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890356 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|s|impf|indc}} a4jz6qxb3z8z1q6k33opuur2lux5uk2 0 3530909 9890357 2026-09-08T07:00:18Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890357 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|s|impf|indc}} t7fdqbjx2owo0vww97xntiujwf7lqdg 0 3530910 9890358 2026-09-08T07:00:19Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890358 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeiiinnrst|incardinatesi}} qrv5qv58rf2c9pbrabszozncr1vvuu2 0 3530911 9890359 2026-09-08T07:00:21Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890359 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|p|futr}} pdi21em38jt2nhnswoc6kl84vmpkvow 0 3530912 9890360 2026-09-08T07:00:23Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890360 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|s|cond}} j1rafg9w6imlahme6qzks9vzno6n05v 0 3530913 9890361 2026-09-08T07:00:24Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890361 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|p|cond}} 4i0rc69k0h4ditkpyl2ve4s7432475q 0 3530914 9890362 2026-09-08T07:00:26Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890362 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|s|cond}} 1jev2wbu5cy4uml0vjcflllx7fqz5wm 0 3530915 9890363 2026-09-08T07:00:28Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890363 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|p|cond}} 71rxnknwhfnvcxo9oxghby9thbuttjo 0 3530916 9890364 2026-09-08T07:00:29Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890364 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|p|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdeeiimnnorst|intersecandomi}} pu5sz19hy62zvp4jem7n2rslq3alcly 0 3530917 9890365 2026-09-08T07:00:31Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890365 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|cond}} gb9dnyoxowkhan4czop947nf252c30b 0 3530918 9890366 2026-09-08T07:00:32Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890366 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|s|cond}} f9txcgawpv7mviyofru12usmokzc8ol 0 3530919 9890367 2026-09-08T07:00:34Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890367 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|futr}} i1og4q9a5u4i22ur9q82ralg8jibfqb 0 3530920 9890368 2026-09-08T07:00:36Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890368 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aacdeiinnrst|disincantare|incardinaste}} 7662k2yqjlp9edhfp52opslqsvwifg5 0 3530921 9890369 2026-09-08T07:00:37Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890369 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdeiinnorst|sincerandoti}} 69cr3jrrva15b0qe7blnr4py3cq3xnf 0 3530922 9890370 2026-09-08T07:00:39Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890370 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|s|pres|indc|;|1//2//3|s|pres|subj|;|3|s|impr}} 1c1hnl6i9jq3l8si3h6vo3y3crozk1b 0 3530923 9890371 2026-09-08T07:00:41Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890371 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||1|p|pres|ind//sub|;|1|p|impr}} pag8yolwo514i73ys3b66ayx8xkgwn2 0 3530924 9890372 2026-09-08T07:00:42Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890372 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||2|p|pres|subj}} elvj4rb22v79ld80a8wpufa8n2kito2 0 3530925 9890373 2026-09-08T07:00:44Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890373 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|p|pres|subj|;|3|p|impr}} 18d88lhk4zmsh303vdkeog76bna46or 0 3530926 9890374 2026-09-08T07:00:46Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9890374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|disincanto}} ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disincantare||3|s|phis}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=acdiinnost|discantino|incistando|nasconditi}} p4siv01qmcdu3tzybp5mmdl70fhcv5s 0 3530927 9890375 2026-09-08T07:02:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-see-kango|列車|劣者}}」的新頁面 9890375 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-see-kango|列車|劣者}} pb9gz3itcnkbs58xzbyjvjppxhwkbv5 0 3530928 9890376 2026-09-08T07:02:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|れっしゃ}}」的新頁面 9890376 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|れっしゃ}} le9ubdifa2ktmphktj48y491prq97kw 0 3530929 9890444 2026-09-08T09:08:42Z Fglffer 55252 新詞條 9890444 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-see|語族}} jiusuynen7fv9ah53vf20lfwj9u6lix 0 3530930 9890446 2026-09-08T09:30:40Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[herbata]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890446 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|herbata||nom//acc//voc|p|;|gen|s}} ohxj2oq7cc5ea17gn305ejt5whov8d4 0 3530931 9890447 2026-09-08T09:30:44Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[herbata]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890447 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|herbata||dat//loc|s}} guwcxqasg7jrfey9m2vypuwn52yvcnx 0 3530932 9890448 2026-09-08T09:30:48Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[herbata]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890448 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|herbata||acc|s}} 8glfw96rk9kmk5yixvkubyms7tkq6ju 0 3530933 9890449 2026-09-08T09:30:51Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[herbata]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890449 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|herbata||ins|s}} bx0st90u6rfjexoi7j3fj180mhv55wv 0 3530934 9890450 2026-09-08T09:33:34Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[praktyka]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890450 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|praktyka||nom//acc//voc|p|;|gen|s}} j4dq6qu6b59nw4klvrchqg3mp913ftl 0 3530935 9890451 2026-09-08T09:33:36Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[praktyka]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890451 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|praktyka||dat//loc|s}} f0gt8if9va0cb1no6q7x0o5xcvzt1er 0 3530936 9890452 2026-09-08T09:33:39Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[praktyka]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890452 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|praktyka||acc|s}} s70hyit5n3ai5c8mec6v7pxumtrvd5h 0 3530937 9890453 2026-09-08T09:33:41Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[praktyka]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890453 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|praktyka||ins|s}} 9vrjqrof7zdf7wg65ah8yxbxa9w1gu3 0 3530938 9890454 2026-09-08T09:33:45Z Chihunglu83 87715 創建波蘭語「[[praktyka]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9890454 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|pl|praktyka||gen|p}} 5eqn0vtd2r8xvxpf2xxrgx5o3xlavuo 0 3530939 9890468 2026-09-08T10:47:25Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|大小便}}，{{blend|vi|đại tiện|tiểu tiện}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiểu tiện.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|head=[[đại]] [[tiểu tiện]]}} # {{lb|vi|正式}} [[排便]]和[[排尿]] {{c|vi|身體機能|糞便|體液}}」的新頁面 9890468 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== {{vi-etym-sino|大小便}}，{{blend|vi|đại tiện|tiểu tiện}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đại tiểu tiện.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb|head=[[đại]] [[tiểu tiện]]}} # {{lb|vi|正式}} [[排便]]和[[排尿]] {{c|vi|身體機能|糞便|體液}} og6pgag7k4p49p5m1i864azddm3ah43 0 3530940 9890471 2026-09-08T10:49:08Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|nước|đái}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|口語|非正式}} [[尿]] #: {{syn|vi|nước tiểu}}」的新頁面 9890471 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|nước|đái}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|口語|非正式}} [[尿]] #: {{syn|vi|nước tiểu}} 2fo7zbu5ilijedgcxvq329rubz3pqyr 0 3530941 9890472 2026-09-08T10:49:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|nước|tiểu}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|正式|or|euphemistic}} [[尿]] #: {{syn|vi|nước đái}}」的新頁面 9890472 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|nước|tiểu}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|正式|or|euphemistic}} [[尿]] #: {{syn|vi|nước đái}} 2okn4zz0j9ld31t7ih9btiabunayami 0 3530942 9890474 2026-09-08T10:51:06Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|đi|ngoài|t1=去|t2=外面}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đi ngoài.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb}} # {{lb|vi|euphemistic}} [[解大手]]，[[拉屎]] #: {{syn|vi|đi tiêu}} #: {{ux|vi|'''đi ngoài''' ra nước|'''去洗手間'''拉稀<br>[注：可能是 {{m|vi||đi ra nước ngoài|t=出國}} 的雙關語]}}」的新頁面 9890474 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|đi|ngoài|t1=去|t2=外面}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} * {{audio|vi|LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-đi ngoài.wav|a=Hanoi}} ===動詞=== {{vi-verb}} # {{lb|vi|euphemistic}} [[解大手]]，[[拉屎]] #: {{syn|vi|đi tiêu}} #: {{ux|vi|'''đi ngoài''' ra nước|'''去洗手間'''拉稀<br>[注：可能是 {{m|vi||đi ra nước ngoài|t=出國}} 的雙關語]}} 75j6b4oi4hudklfhhihofkdgb5cz9am 0 3530943 9890475 2026-09-08T10:53:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|đái|tháo|đường|t1=拉尿|t2=從體內大量排出|t3=糖}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|疾病}} [[糖尿病]] #: {{syn|vi|tiểu đường}}」的新頁面 9890475 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{com|vi|đái|tháo|đường|t1=拉尿|t2=從體內大量排出|t3=糖}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|疾病}} [[糖尿病]] #: {{syn|vi|tiểu đường}} d6uto0fa0900wqzuplxzqavwqeokxgf 0 3530944 9890476 2026-09-08T10:53:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|vi|tiểu|đường|t1=排尿|t2=糖}}，可能{{cal|vi|zh|糖尿病}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|疾病}} [[糖尿病]] #: {{syn|vi|đái tháo đường}}」的新頁面 9890476 wikitext text/x-wiki ==越南語== {{wp|vi:}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|vi|tiểu|đường|t1=排尿|t2=糖}}，可能{{cal|vi|zh|糖尿病}}。 ===發音=== {{vi-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{vi-noun}} # {{lb|vi|疾病}} [[糖尿病]] #: {{syn|vi|đái tháo đường}} qyo4ni2kaewencshpis8f3zmdz78yuf