Wiktionary
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https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5
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est
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{{also|Est|EST|êst|èst|ēst|-est|est.|Est.}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|2&3|et|愛沙尼亞語}}
==英语==
[[Category:英语名词]]
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ɛst/}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛst}}
#{{zhushi|旧}} 恩惠,恩典
==法語==
===詞源1===
來自{{inh|fr|fro|-}},來自{{der|fr|ang|ēast}}。
====發音====
* {{fr-IPA|este}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ɛst|s=1}}
====形容詞====
{{fr-adj|inv=1}}
# [[東]]的,[[東部]]的
====名詞====
{{fr-noun|m|-}}
# [[東]],[[東部]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|fr|Grand Est}}
* {{l|fr|heure normale de l'est}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|ast|este|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|est|bor=1}}
* {{desc|co|este|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|gl|leste|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|est|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|èst|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|este|bor=1}}, {{desc|pt|leste|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ro|est|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|este|bor=1}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|fr|orient}}, {{l|fr|levant}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|fr|la|est}},源自{{inh|fr|ine-pro|*h₁ésti}}。
====發音====
* {{fr-IPA|+|qual2=聯誦|e.t‿}}
* {{homophones|fr|ai|aie|aies|aient|ais|ait|es|hais|hait|}}
====動詞====
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|être||3|s|pres|indc}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{l|fr|c'est}}
===异序词===
* {{l|fr|set}}, {{l|fr|Ste.}}, {{l|fr|tes}}
===拓展阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
{{cln|fr|多音字}}
{{C|fr|羅經點}}
==加泰罗尼亚语==
[[Category:加泰罗尼亚语名词]]
#东
==匈牙利语==
[[Category:匈牙利语名词]]
===发音===
*{{IPA1|ˈɛʃt}}
===名词===
{{hu-decl-ek|es|t|et}}{{hu-pos-etek|est|j|jei}}
:源自 ''[[esik]]''。
#晚,晚上,夜晚
#聚会,宴会
{{clear}}
==意大利语==
[[Category:意大利语名词]]
({{gm}})
#东,东部
==拉丁语==
[[Category:拉丁语动词]]
===词源(一)===
:< 原始印欧语 ''[[*h₁ést]]''。 与梵语 [[अस्ति]]、古希腊语 ''[[ἐστί]]'' (''esti'')、古波斯语 ''[[𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹]]'' (''astiy'')、赫梯语 ''[[𒂊𒌍𒍣]]'' (''ēszi'')、古教会斯拉夫语 ''[[єстъ]]'' (''estŭ'')、哥特语 ''[[𐌹𐍃𐍄]]'' (''ist'') 同源。
====发音====
* {{la-IPA}}
====动词====
{{la-verb-form|est}}
# {{inflection of|la|sum||3|s|pres|act|ind}}{{la-conj-form-gloss|sum|3|s|pres|act|ind}}
#:::''Marcus '''est''' agricola.'' 马库斯是农民。
#:::'''''Est''' senex.'' 他年老。
#:::'''''Est''' puella in vīllā.'' 庄园里有一个女孩。
====派生词====
* [[quid est nomen tibi]]?, [[mihi nomen est]]?
===词源(二)===
:动词 ''[[edo|edō]]''(吃)的变位。
====动词====
{{la-verb-form|ēst}}
# {{inflection of|la|edō||3|s|pres|act|ind}}{{la-conj-form-gloss|edo|3|s|pres|act|ind}}
=====近义词=====
* [[edit]]
==古英语==
[[Category:古英语名词]]
===词源===
:< 原始日耳曼语 ''[[*anstiz]]'',派生自 ''[[*unnanan]]''(同意,感谢) < 原始印欧语 ''[[ān-]]''(注意;脸,嘴)。 与古萨克森语 ''[[anst]]''(恩惠)、古高地德语 ''[[anst]]''(恩惠,善举)、哥特语 ''[[ansts]]''(愉悦,恩惠)。 与古英语 ''[[unnan]]''(准许)同源。另见英语 ''[[own]]''。
===名词===
{{ang-noun|head=ēst|m|g2=f|ēste}}
{{ang-decl-noun|ēst|ēstas|ēst|ēstas|ēstes|ēsta|ēste|ēstum|注=(阳)}}
{{ang-decl-noun|ēst|ēste|ēst|ēste|ēste|ēsta|ēste|ēstum|注=(阴)}}
# 准许,恩惠,善举
# 愉悦
====近义词====
* [[ar#古英语|ār]], [[are#古英语|āre]]
==罗马尼亚语==
[[Category:罗马尼亚语名词]]
{{ro-noun-inv|g=n|def=estul|gd=estului}}
:源自法语 ''[[#法语|est]]''。
{{ro-noun|n|-}}
#东,东部
{{clear}}
==瑞典语==
[[Category:瑞典语名词]]
===发音===
* {{audio|sv|Sv-est.ogg|audio}}
===名词===
{{sv-noun-reg-er}}
''est''({{gc}})
# 爱沙尼亚人
jxyf25krwlztk1t43ju27e4de67nwza
baba
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{{also|Appendix:"baba"的變體}}
{{minitoc}}
==英語==
===詞源===
作為許多嬰兒最早能說出的話語之一,{{m|en||baba}}(如同 {{m|en|mama}}、{{m|en|papa}} 和 {{m|en|dada}})在許多語言中被用作對各個家庭成員的稱呼:
* [[父親]]:阿爾巴尼亞語、阿拉伯語、西亞美尼亞語、漢語、印地語、烏爾都語、旁遮普語、孟加拉語、希臘語、馬拉地語、馬紹爾語、明格列爾語、尼泊爾語、波斯語、斯瓦希里語、土耳其語、約魯巴語、修納語、祖魯語
* [[祖母]]:許多斯拉夫語(如保加利亞語、捷克語、俄語、塞爾維亞-克羅埃西亞語和波蘭語;{{doublet|en|bubbe|nocap=1}})、羅馬尼亞語、意第緒語、日語
* [[祖父]]:阿塞拜疆語、祖魯語(父親、祖父)
* [[嬰兒]]:南非語、僧伽羅語、匈牙利語
這些稱呼通常仍由來自這些文化的英語使用者繼續使用。在某些情況下,它們可能在深受移民社區影響的地區得到更廣泛的使用。某些語義是在原語言中這些家庭稱謂的延伸(「老婦人」源自「祖母」,「聖人」源自「父親」)。「蛋糕」的語義是透過{{der|en|fr|-}},源自{{der|en|pl|baba|t=老婦人}}。中東詞彙 ''baba''(如在 {{m|en|Ali Baba|t=阿里巴巴}} 中)則是一個愛稱,最終{{der+|en|fa|بابا|tr=bābā|t=父親}}(源自{{der|en|peo||pāpa}};與阿拉伯語詞彙 {{m|ar|أَبُو}} 和 {{m|ar|أَب}} 相對;另見 {{w|lang=en|Papak}}),並且在語言學上與常見的歐洲詞彙 {{m|und|papa}} 和 {{m|en|pope}} 相關,具有相同的[[w:en:Indo-European languages|印歐語系起源]]。漢語詞彙「baba」(意思是父親)源自 {{m|zh|爸爸}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|q1=不同讀音|/ˈbɑːbɑː/|/ˈbɑːbə/|/ˈbæbə/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-baba.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɑːbɑː|ɑːbə|æbə|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|#}}
# {{senseid|en|cake}} {{lb|en|also|不可數}} 浸泡在蘭姆酒風味[[糖漿]]中的一種[[海綿蛋糕]]
#* {{RQ:NYT|date=1 May 1994|author=Maureen B. Fant|title=CHOICE TABLES; Tastes Swing Back To Flavors of Naples|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526100547/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/01/travel/choice-tables-tastes-swing-back-to-flavors-of-naples.html?pagewanted=1|passage=The trolley of fresh local cheeses, including the region's pride, mozzarella di bufala, is as attractive as the trolley of classic Neapolitan desserts, including pastiera napolitana (a ricotta cake with orange rind), feather-light '''baba''', and, in mid-March, zeppola di San Giuseppe (whose feast day is March 19), a sweet bun filled with custard and black cherry.|t=當地新鮮起司的手推車(包含該地區引以為傲的水牛莫札瑞拉起司),就和經典拿坡里甜點的手推車一樣吸引人,其中包括 pastiera napolitana(一種帶有橙皮的里科塔起司蛋糕)、輕盈如羽毛的'''蘭姆巴巴'''(baba),以及在三月中旬會供應的 zeppola di San Giuseppe(聖若瑟節在3月19日),一種填滿卡士達和黑櫻桃的甜麵包。}}
# {{lb|en|尤用於|_|具有[[東歐]][[血統]]的人}} [[祖母]]
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1993|author=Karen Dubinsky|title=Improper Advances: Rape and Heterosexual Conflict in Ontario, 1880-1929|publisher=University of Chicago Press|passage=My '''baba''', Ksenia Dubinsky, tells me that my education makes her proud.|t=我的'''祖母'''克塞妮亞·杜賓斯基告訴我,我的教育讓她感到自豪。}}
#* '''2001''', ''Brattleboro Remembers'', edited by the Brattleboro [Vermont] Historical Society, Arcadia Publishing
#*: I walked first for my grandmother, and my mother was sorry she had missed my first steps. My '''Baba''' was so proud, my mother later told me.
#*:: 我首先為我的祖母學會了走路,我母親很遺憾錯過了我最初的腳步。我母親後來告訴我,我的'''祖母'''當時非常自豪。
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2004|title=A Woman's Europe: True Stories|editor=MaryBeth Bond|passage=As we made eye contact, I slowly began to wonder if she was '''Baba'''. I did not know my grandmother though I'd spoken with her several times on the telephone;|t=當我們四目相對時,我慢慢開始懷疑她是不是'''祖母'''。我不認識我祖母,雖然我在電話裡和她說過幾次話;}}
# {{lb|en|引申}} [[老婦人]],尤指來自東歐文化的傳統老婦人
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1914|author=Russell Sage Foundation|title=Wage-earning Pittsburgh|passage=Only two women, typical "'''babas'''" (peasant women) in the house from which I got my quilt and bedcloth, could be coaxed to pose;|t=從我拿被子和床單的那戶人家裡,只有兩位女性,也就是典型的「'''老婦人'''」(農婦),能被說服擺姿勢拍照;}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1986|author=Janice Kulyk Keefer|title=The Paris-Napoli Express|passage=Laura hadn't known that anyone's mother could look like that, like the '''babas''' you sometimes saw downtown, bandaged in kerchiefs and aprons, sitting toothless in stockinged feet on small verandahs, peeling potatoes or beets or just shaking their heads and grimacing.|t=勞拉不知道有人的母親能長成那樣,就像你偶爾在市中心看到的那些'''老婦人''',頭上包著頭巾、穿著圍裙,沒牙的嘴,穿著長襪的腳坐在小露台上,削著馬鈴薯或甜菜,或者只是搖搖頭、做著鬼臉。}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2003|title=Food Tourism Around The World: Development, Management and Markets|editors=Colin Michael Hall; Liz Sharples|passage=According to some, new volunteers are becoming more difficult to recruit and there are dark suggestions that 'money is being made on the backs of the '''babas'''', the dedicated, but ageing ladies who still spend countless hours of their time preparing foodstuffs for the occasion.|t=據某些人說,招募新的志工變得越來越困難,還有暗指說「錢都是靠這些'''老婦人'''賺來的」,這些敬業但年邁的女士們仍然花了無數的時間為這個場合準備食品。}}
# {{lb|en|尤用於|_|具有[[印度]]或[[中國]][[血統]]的人}} [[父親]],[[爸爸]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1849|author=Edward Bulwer Lytton|title=The Caxtons|passage=The first time I signed my exercise I wrote "Pisistratus Caxton" in my best round-hand. "And dey call your '''baba''' a scholar!" said the Doctor, contemptuously.|t=我第一次簽署作業時,用我最好的圓體字寫了「Pisistratus Caxton」。「而他們居然叫你的'''爸爸'''是個學者!」博士輕蔑地說。}}
#* '''1998''', ''Mulan'' (movie)
#*: "The greatest gift and honor is having you for a daughter. I've missed you so." "I've missed you too, '''baba'''."
#*:: 「最大的禮物和榮譽就是有妳這個女兒。我好想妳。」「我也很想你,'''爸爸'''。」
#* '''2002''', ''Bend It Like Beckham'' (movie)
#*: Okay. Okay. Fine, '''baba'''. Let's just do it before something else goes wrong.
#*:: 好啦。好啦。好吧,'''爸爸'''。在別的事情出錯前,我們趕快動手吧。
#* '''2003''', ''House of Sand and Fog'' (movie)
#*: "Do not be disrespectful, son. Look at me." "'''Baba''', were you a Savaki?"
#*:: 「不要無禮,兒子。看著我。」「'''爸爸''',你以前是薩瓦克(Savaki)嗎?」
# {{lb|en|印度教|伊斯蘭教|錫克教}} [[聖人]],[[精神]][[領袖]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1995|author=Hugh J.M. Johnston; Tara Singh Bains|title=The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh|passage=While I was in Port Alberni, three '''babas''' came to Canada to raise money ...|t=我在艾伯尼港時,三位'''大師'''來到加拿大募款……}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2004|author=Andrew Robinson|title=Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker|passage=But according to Ray, 'all the '''babas''' my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...|t=但根據雷的說法,「我叔叔認識的所有的'''大師'''都是真材實料的。沒有一個人被揭穿。他們都是相當謙虛的人,不像瑪哈禮希那樣愛炫耀……」}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2006|author=Suraiya Faroqhi|title=Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire|passage=Most '''babas''' had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.|t=大多數的'''大師'''很少接觸書面文化,因此在書籍和論著中沒有提及他們的名字。}}
# {{lb|en|British India}} [[嬰兒]],[[孩童]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1876|author=Sir George Otto Trevelyan|title=The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay|passage=That is to say, if I do not take care, I shall go on calling my darling ''''Baba'''' till she is as old as her mamma, and has a dozen '''Babas''' of her own.|t=也就是說,如果我不注意,我就會一直叫我的寶貝「'''寶寶'''」,直到她跟她媽媽一樣大,而且自己還有了一打的'''寶寶'''。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1904|author=Rudyard Kipling|title=Traffics and Discoveries|passage=For my child is dead—my '''baba''' is dead!|t=因為我的孩子死了——我的'''寶寶'''死了!}}
# {{n-g|在[[兒語]]中,常用於各種以 ''b'' 開頭的詞,如 ''[[bottle]]''(奶瓶)或 ''[[blanket]]''(毯子)}}
#* '''2004''', ''House'' (TV, episode 1.14)
#*: Oh, it's storytime! Let me get my '''baba'''.
#*:: 哦,聽故事的時間到了!讓我去拿我的 '''baba'''。
====派生詞彙====
{{col|en|rum baba}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|en|baba au rhum
|baba ganoush
|Baba Yaga
|babulya
|babushka
|babusia
|babusya
}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{pedia|lang=en}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aabb|ABBA|AABB|Abba|abba}}
{{C|en|糕點|孩童|女性家庭成員|領導人|男性家庭成員|男人}}
==南非語==
===發音===
{{rfp|af}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-baba.wav}}
===名詞===
{{head|af|名詞|複數|babas}}
# [[嬰兒]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|af|babetjie}}
===動詞===
{{af-verb}}
# 用[[溫柔]]的[[關愛]][[對待]],[[溺愛]]
==阿爾巴尼亞語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|sq|ota|بابا|tr=baba}},{{cog|tr|baba}}即源自於此。
====發音====
* {{IPA|sq|/baˈba/}}
* {{audio|sq|LL-Q8748 (sqi)-Arianit-baba.wav}}
====名詞====
{{sq-noun|m|head=babá|baballárë|babái}}
# [[爸爸]],[[父親]] {{c|sq|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
#: {{syn|sq|bábë|átë}}
=====變格=====
{{sq-noun-m|llarë|def=babai|defaccsg=babanë}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|sq|Baba Dimri}}
===詞源2===
{{nl}}
====發音====
* {{IPA|sq|/ˈbaba/}}
====名詞====
{{head|sq|名詞變格形|head=bába}}
# {{infl of|sq|bábë||def|nom|s|;|indef|nom//acc|p}}
==阿通語 (印度)==
===發音===
* {{IPA|aot|/baba/}}
===名詞===
{{head|aot|名詞|孟加拉文|বাবা|f1sc=Beng|cat2=以拉丁字母書寫的名詞}}
# [[父親]]
# [[伯父]],[[叔父]]
# [[兒子]]
====近義詞====
{{sense|父親}}
* {{l|aot|awa}}
* {{l|aot|wa•}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:aot:Breugel}}
{{C|aot|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
{{az-variant|баба|بابا}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|az|trk-oat|بَبَا}},為一{{onomatopoeic|az}}{{reduplication|az}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|az|[bɑˈbɑ]}}
* {{audio|az|LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zardabi Bakuvi-baba.wav|a=Baku}}
* {{audio|az|LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zexan2-baba.wav|a=Tabriz}}
* {{hyph|az|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|az|名詞|定賓格|babanı|複數|babalar}}
# [[祖父]]
#: {{cot|az|nənə}}
# {{n-g|對老人的稱呼}}
# {{tlb|az|方言|Başkeçid|Təbriz|Füzuli}} [[父親]]
#: {{syn|az|ata|dədə}}
====變格====
{{az-decl-noun|a}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:az:ADIL|page=193}}
{{C|az|男性家庭成員|雙親|人}}
==巴斯克語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|eu|euq-pro|-}},最终源自{{der|eu|la|faba}}。
===發音===
{{eu-pr|+<audio:LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-baba.wav>}}
===名詞===
{{eu-noun|in}}
# [[蠶豆]]
# [[豆]],[[四季豆]]
#: {{syn|eu|babarrun}}
# [[水泡]]
====變格====
{{eu-ndecl|in}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|eu
|baba beltz
|baba gorri
|baba handi
|baba zuri
|babak eltzetik atera
|babalarrutu
|babalasto
|babaolore
|babarrun
|babatsu
|babatu
|babazorro
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:eu:EH}}
* {{R:eu:OEH}}
{{C|eu|豆科}}
==伯塔維語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|bew|babè||雅加達市區}}
* {{alt|bew|ba|bè||簡寫}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|bew|nan-hbl|爸爸|tr=pa-pa}},可能受 {{m|bew|aba}} 形式的強化。語義2可能是{{semantic loan|bew|ar|بابا|بَابَا|t=教宗}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|bew|/baba/}}
* {{rhyme|bew|a}}
* {{hyph|bew|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|bew|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
#: {{syn|bew|abah|abi|ayah|bapa'}}
# {{lb|bew|羅馬天主教|罕用}} [[教宗]]
#: {{syn|bew|paus}}
{{C|bew|男性家庭成員|雙親|宗教職業|領導人}}
==宿霧語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ceb|poz-pro|*baqbaq}}。
{{Pigafetta}}
====發音====
* {{ceb-IPA|ba7ba}}
* {{rhymes|ceb|aʔ}}
* {{hyph|ceb|ba|ba}}
====名詞====
{{ceb-noun|bâbâ|b=+}}
# {{lb|ceb|解剖學}} [[嘴巴]]
#: {{ux|ceb|Bahoa pod og '''baba''' nimo uy!|你'''嘴巴'''好臭喔!}}
# [[出口]];[[開口]];[[孔]]
#: {{ux|ceb|Ag baba sa salog, sapa, ug suba kay gitawag nga sabang.|河床、小溪和河流的'''出口'''稱為 sabang。}}
# [[河口]]
# [[大話]];空洞的[[吹噓]]、承諾或主張
====動詞====
{{ceb-verb|bâbâ|b=+}}
# [[打]]到嘴巴,嘴巴被打到或[[受傷]]
#: {{ux|ceb|'''Baba-a''' na siya.|揍他的嘴巴。}}
#: {{ux|ceb|Dah, '''nababaan''' lagi nako og sumbag ganiha, wa man gud siyay batasan.|看吧,我剛才一拳打在他嘴上,他真的太沒教養了。}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|ceb|baba sa atay|babaan|babaon|sa baba sa buaya}}
===詞源2===
對照 {{m|ceb|abaga}}。
====發音====
* {{ceb-IPA|babá}}
* {{rhymes|ceb|a}}
* {{hyph|ceb|ba|ba}}
====動詞====
{{ceb-verb|babá|b=+}}
# [[背]];背著某人
=====引文=====
* {{see citations|ceb}}
{{C|ceb|身體部位|說話}}
==中比科爾語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|bcl|poz-pro|*babaq}},{{inh+|bcl|map-pro|*babaq}}。
====發音1====
* {{bcl-IPA|babâ}}
* {{hyph|bcl|ba|ba}}
====形容詞====
{{bcl-noun|babâ|b=+}}
# [[樓下]]的
#: {{ant|bcl|taas}}
# {{lb|bcl|非正式}} [[底部]];[[下面]]
#: {{ant|bcl|babaw}}
====名詞====
{{bcl-noun|babâ|b=+}}
# [[矮]],[[低]]{{gl|基於高度}}
#: {{ant|bcl|langkaw}}
====動詞====
{{bcl-verb|babâ|b=+|pl=baraba}}
# [[下降]]
#: {{syn|bcl|palos}}
# [[下車]],[[下船]]
#: {{syn|bcl|lusad}}
# 下[[樓]]
#: {{syn|bcl|hilig}}
# [[減少]];[[降低]]數量或測量值
#: {{syn|bcl|ina}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|bcl|hababa|magbaba|ibaba|kababan|pagbaba}}
====發音2====
* {{bcl-IPA|babà}}
* {{hyph|bcl|ba|ba}}
====名詞====
{{bcl-noun|babà|b=+}}
# {{lb|bcl|解剖學}} [[下巴]]
#: {{syn|bcl|kuko}}
===詞源2===
源自 {{m|bcl|padaba|t=愛人,愛稱}}。
====發音====
* {{bcl-IPA|babà}}
* {{hyph|bcl|ba|ba}}
====名詞====
{{bcl-noun|babà|b=+}}
# {{lb|bcl|Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon|俚語}} [[愛人]]
==克里米亞韃靼語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|crh}}
===發音===
* {{hyph|crh|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|crh|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
# [[爸爸]]
====變格====
{{crh-decl|a}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|crh|babaca|babacasına|babalıq|babasız|babasızlıq}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:crh:Luğatçıq}}
{{C|crh|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==捷克語==
{{wp|lang=cs}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|cs|bába}}
===詞源===
{{ety|cs|:inh|sla-pro:*baba|text=+|tree=1}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|cs|[ˈbaba]}}
* {{rhymes|cs|aba|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{head|cs|名詞|g=f}}
# [[老太婆]],[[醜老太婆]]
# [[懦夫]],[[膽小鬼]]
#: {{syn|cs|zbabělec}}
# {{lb|cs|非正式}} [[女孩]],[[小妞]]
====變格====
{{cs-ndecl|f}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|cs|title=形容詞|babí|babský|zbabělý}}
{{col|cs|title=名詞|bába|babí léto|bábi|babička|babizna|babka}}
{{col|cs|title=動詞|zbabět}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:cs:KNLA}}
* {{R:cs:ASSC|baba|0/155}}
* {{R:cs:IJP}}
{{C|cs|女人}}
==達加巴尼語==
===詞源===
{{unk|dag}}。
===名詞===
{{head|dag|名詞|複數|babanima}}
# {{n-g|第二首席屠夫的頭銜}}
===名詞===
{{head|dag|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|dag|babli}}{{gl|無毛家禽}}
===名詞===
{{head|dag|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|dag|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==埃維語==
===名詞===
{{head|ee|名詞}}
# [[白蟻]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:ee:Fiaga|101}}
{{c|ee|昆蟲}}
==凡那伽羅語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fng|zu|ubaba}},{{inh+|fng|bnt-pro|*bààbá}}。
===名詞===
{{head|fng|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|fng|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|fi|pl|baba}},可能透過{{der|fi|fr|-}}。
===發音===
{{fi-pronunciation}}
===名詞===
{{head|fi|名詞}}
# [[#英語|巴巴]],[[巴布卡]]{{gl|一種蛋糕}}
====變格====
{{fi-decl-kala|bab|||a}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fi:KTSK|accessdate=2023-07-02}}
{{c|fi|甜品}}
==法語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|fr|/ba.ba/}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-baba.wav|a=孚日}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-baba.wav|a=France}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|fr|pl|baba}},於18世紀由波蘭國王、[[洛林]]公爵、路易十五的岳父{{w|lang=en|Stanisław Leszczyński|斯坦尼斯瓦夫·萊什琴斯基}}引入法國宮廷。
[[File:French Baba au Rhum 1.JPG|thumb|法國的蘭姆'''巴巴''']]
====名詞====
{{head|fr|名詞|g=m|複數|babas|cat2=可數名詞}}
# [[蘭姆巴巴|巴巴]]{{gl|一種蛋糕}}
#: {{ux|inline=1|fr|[[baba au rhum|'''baba''' au rhum]]|蘭姆巴巴}}
===詞源2===
{{onomatopoeic|fr}}。
====形容詞====
{{head|fr|形容詞|複數|babas}}
# {{lb|fr|口語}} [[大吃一驚]]的,[[目瞪口呆]]的
#* {{quote-book|fr|author=w:en:Anna Gavalda|year=1999|chapter=Ambre|isbn=978-2-290-31178-3|title=Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part|passage=C'était un Argentin qui mesurait au moins deux mètres, il souriait tout les temps. J'étais '''baba''' devant ses tatouages.|t=他是個阿根廷人,身高至少有兩公尺,總是面帶微笑。我對他的刺青感到'''大吃一驚'''。}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|糕點}}
==富尤格語==
===名詞===
{{head|fuy|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
===參考資料===
* Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in ''The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide'' (2018, {{ISBN|978-3-11-028642-7}})
{{C|fuy|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==加利西亞語==
===發音===
{{gl-pr}}
* {{hyph|gl|ba|ba}}
===詞源1===
自18世紀起有記錄。源自假設的{{inh|gl|la-vul|*baba}},最終為模仿兒童說話重複音節 ''ba'' 的{{onomatopoeic|gl|title=擬聲詞}}。
====名詞====
{{head|gl|名詞|g=f|複數|babas}}
# [[口水]]
#: {{syn|gl|baballa}}
# [[黏液]]{{gl|從某些動物身體分泌出的類似黏液的物質}}
#: {{syn|gl|baballa|limo}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|gl|baballa|babar|babexar}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{gl-verb form of|babar}}
==嘎洛語==
===詞源===
可能{{bor+|grt|bn|বাবা}}。
===名詞===
{{head|grt|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|grt|paa}}
* {{l|grt|pagipa}}
* {{l|grt|apa}}
{{c|grt|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==德語==
===詞源1===
本詞可能與{{cog|en|bye-bye|t=再見}}有關,但不確定。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|/baˈbaː/|q2=Austria|[b̥aˈb̥aː]}}
* {{rhymes|de|aː|s=2}}
====感嘆詞====
{{head|de|感嘆詞}}
# {{lb|de|非正式|奧地利}} [[再見]]
=====用法說明=====
* 尤其在東奧地利,'''baba''' 是最常用的非正式道別語。
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden|baba_Abschiedsgrusz|baba (Abschiedsgruß)}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|de|tr|baba}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbaba/}}
====形容詞====
{{de-adj|predonly}}
# {{tlb|de|俚語}} [[極好]]的,[[出色]]的
#: {{syn|de|Bombe|geisteskrank}}
#: {{ux|de|Diese Jacke sieht richtig '''baba''' aus.|這件外套看起來真'''棒'''。}}
#: {{ux|de|Ich finde den Schnitt '''baba'''.|我覺得這剪裁'''好極了'''。}}
==戈瑪拉語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|gho|ber-pro|-}},{{inh+|gho|afa-pro|*ʔab-}}。
===發音===
* {{gho-IPA|baḇa}}
===名詞===
{{gho-head|名詞|g=m|pl=-}}
#{{gl|我的}} [[父親]]
#: {{syn|gho|lwalid}}
====用法說明====
在單數形式中,以 -a 或 -i 結尾的親屬稱謂若不加詞綴,則預設為第一人稱單數所有者;例如,{{m|gho|baba|t=我的父親}}。若要指代其他所有者,則必須使用特定的附著代詞。
====參見====
{{col|gho
|yemma<t:母親>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:gho:Mourigh:2015}}
{{C|gho|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==豪薩語==
===詞源1===
廣泛分佈的區域性詞彙。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ha|/bàː.bá/}}
** {{qualifier|標準卡諾豪薩語}} {{IPA|ha|[bàː.bə́]}}
====名詞====
{{ha-noun|m|bā̀ba}}
# [[父親]]
# {{n-g|對年紀與自己父親相仿的男子,或是與自己父親同名的男子的稱呼。}}
===詞源2===
{{rfe|ha}}
====發音====
* {{IPA|ha|/bàː.báː/}}
** {{qualifier|標準卡諾豪薩語}} {{IPA|ha|[bàː.báː]}}
====名詞====
{{ha-noun|m|bā̀bā|bā̀bànni}}
# [[太監]],[[閹人]]
# [[陽痿]]的男子
===詞源3===
可能是早期{{bor+|ha|kr|bawa|báwà|t=姑母}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ha|/báː.bà/}}
** {{qualifier|標準卡諾豪薩語}} {{IPA|ha|[báː.bə̀]}}
====名詞====
{{ha-noun|f|bābà}}
# [[姑母]]
====參考資料====
* {{R:WOLD|ha|4}}
===詞源4===
{{rfe|ha}}
====發音====
* {{IPA|ha|/báː.báː/}}
** {{qualifier|標準卡諾豪薩語}} {{IPA|ha|[báː.báː]}}
====名詞====
{{ha-noun|m|bābā}}
# [[木藍]],[[靛青]]{{gl|植物或其染料}}
{{c|ha|男性家庭成員|植物|染料}}
==希高農語==
===名詞===
{{head|mba|名詞}}
# [[嘴巴]]
==希利蓋農語==
===名詞===
{{hil-noun|bába,bâbâ}}
# [[嘴巴]]
{{C|hil|身體部位}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
{{onomatopoeic|hu}}。可能是{{doublet|hu|báb}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{audio|hu|Hu-baba.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|ba|ba}}
* {{rhymes|hu|bɒ|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{head|hu|名詞|複數|babák}}
# [[玩偶]],[[洋娃娃]]{{gl|人形玩具}}
# [[嬰兒]]{{gl|極為年幼的孩童,尤指從出生到學會走路期間}}
# {{lb|hu|用於屬格|民歌}} [[寶貝]],[[親愛的]]{{gl|對女友或較少見對男友的愛稱}}
#: {{syn|hu|kedves|pár|q2=也用於屬格}}
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|babá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|babá}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col4|hu
|babázik
}}
{{col4|hu|title=以此詞開頭的複合詞|collapse=n
|babaarc
|bababútor
|babacipő
|babacsörgő
|babafej
|babahajtű
|babaház
|babakelengye
|babaklinika
|babakocsi
|babamérleg
|babapiskóta
|babarózsa
|babaruha
|babaszappan
|babaszoba
}}
{{col4|hu|title=以此詞結尾的複合詞|collapse=n
|alvóbaba
|autóbaba
|cicababa
|csinibaba
|fababa
|földbaba
|gülbaba
|kabalababa
|karakterbaba
|kaucsukbaba
|kirakatbaba
|kisbaba
|lencsibaba
|öltöztetőbaba
|próbababa
|rongybaba
}}
{{col4|hu|title=詞語搭配
|[[játék]] baba
}}
===形容詞===
{{head|hu|形容詞|比較級|babább|最高級|legbabább}}
# {{lb|hu|俚語}} [[極好]]的,[[了不起]]的{{gl|異常好、令人愉悅或享受的}}
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|babá|o}}
===參考資料===
<references/>
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ErtSz}}<!--* {{R:BarcziOrszagh 1962|baba-1EFB6}} in case "Lua error: not enough memory" is displayed -->
* {{R:Nagyszotar}}
{{c|hu|家庭|玩具}}
==伊洛卡諾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ilo|poz-pro|*babaq}}。
===發音===
* {{hyph|ilo|ba|ba}}
* {{IPA|ilo|/baˈba/|[bɐˈba]}}
===副詞===
{{ilo-adv}}
# 在[[下面]]
#: {{ux|ilo|Adda idiay '''baba'''|就在'''下面'''。}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ilo|bumaba|ibaba}}
==印尼語==
{{wp|lang=id}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|id|/ˈba.ba/|q1=}}
* {{rhymes|id|ba|a|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|id|ba|ba}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|id|bew|baba}}。
====名詞====
{{id-noun}}
# [[父親]]
===詞源2===
{{rfe|id}}
====名詞====
{{id-noun}}
# {{lb|id|航海}} [[老鼠]]
===詞源3===
與{{cog|ceb|baba|babá|t=背}} 同源。
====動詞====
{{id-verb}}
# [[背]]:背著某人
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}
{{C|id|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==伊斯特拉語==
===詞源1===
{{rfe|ist}}
====名詞====
{{head|ist|名詞|g=f}}
# [[長頸瓶]],大[[瓶子]]
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ist|sh|baba}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ist|名詞|g=f}}
# [[女人]]
# [[年老]]、[[喋喋不休]]的[[女人]]
===參考資料===
* {{cite-book|author=Antonio Pellizzer|title=Vocabulario del dialetto di Rovigno d'Istria|page=79|passage=|year=1992|author2=Giovanni Pellizzer}}
* {{cite-book|author=Sandro Cergna|title=Vocabolario del dialetto di Valle d'Istria|page=34|passage=|year=2015|isbn=9789537891114}}
==日語==
===羅馬化===
{{ja-romaji}}
# {{ja-romanization of|ばば}}
==卡拜爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|kab|ber-pro|-}}。
===發音===
* {{kab-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibabaten}}
#{{gl|我的}} [[父親]]
# {{n-g|對年長男性的尊稱}}
====用法說明====
在單數形式中,以 {{m|kab||-a}} 或 {{m|kab||-i}} 結尾的親屬稱謂若不加詞綴,則預設為第一人稱單數所有者;例如,{{m|kab|baba|t=我的父親}}。若要指代其他所有者,則必須使用特定的附著代詞。
====屈折====
{{kab-infl-noun|baba|ibabaten|ibabaten}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
{{C|kab|男性家庭成員|雙親|人}}
==坎卡奈語==
===發音===
{{kne-pr|bába<n^樹>|babá<n^香草>}}
===名詞===
{{kne-noun|bába}}
# {{taxlink|Eugenia mananquil Blanco|species}} (一種果實可食用的[[桃金孃科]]樹木)
===名詞===
{{kne-noun|babá}}
# {{taxlink|Laggera alata|species}} (一種帶有粉紅花朵的常見[[菊科]][[草本植物]])
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|kne|manbaba}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kne:Vanoverbergh 1933|page=51}}
==卡舒比語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|csb|id=祖母|:inh|sla-pro:*bàba<id:祖母>|tree=1|text=+}}
===發音===
{{csb-pr}}
===名詞===
{{csb-noun|f}}
# {{lb|csb|口語|貶義}} [[女人]],[[妻子]]
# {{lb|csb|幽默}} {{syn of|csb|akùszerka<t:接生員,助產士>}}
====變格====
{{csb-decl-noun|baba|babë|babie|babã|babą|babie|babò|babë|[[babów]]/[[bôb]]|babóm|babë|babama|babach|babë}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:csb:SJP1893|baba|4}}
* {{R:csb:Sychta:1967||9|1}}
* {{R:csb:Trepczyk:1994|+}}
* {{R:csb:SPK|baba}}
* {{R:csb:ISKJ|+|63}}
==噶瑪蘭語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ckv|map-pro|*baba}}。
===動詞===
{{head|ckv|動詞}}
# [[背]](人)
#: {{ux|ckv|'''baba'''i ka!|t='''背'''起來!}}
#: {{ux|ckv|'''baba''' pa iku tu sunis ku|t=我要'''背'''我的小孩。}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|ckv
|pababa<t:騎>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ODAL}}
* {{R:ckv:Kavalan Dictionary 2006|page=74}}
==基庫尤語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|ki|baaba}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|ki|/βàːβǎꜜ/}}
: 第一個 ''a'' 發長音。<ref>{{R:Benson1964|entry=baba|p=21}}</ref>
: {{ki-tonal classes|-|2-6}}
* {{qualifier|基安布}}
:* {{qualifier|利穆魯}} {{ki-tonal classes|||rising|del=baba}}
* {{qualifier|恩迪亞}} 與 {{m|ki|rũhĩ}} 和 {{m|ki|mothiũ}} 具有相同的底層聲調模式。<ref name="rk1982">Kagaya, Ryohei (1982). "[http://hdl.handle.net/10108/21702 Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns in Three Dialects: Murang'a, Nyeri and Ndia]." In ''Journal of Asian and African Studies'', No. 24, 1–42.</ref>
* {{qualifier|涅里}} 與 {{m|ki|mothiũ}} 和 {{m|ki|ruo}} 具有相同的底層聲調模式。<ref name="rk1982" />
===名詞===
{{ki-noun|1}}
# [[我]]的[[父親]],[[爸爸]]
====參見====
* {{qualifier|你的}} {{l|ki|thoguo}};{{qualifier|他/她的}} {{l|ki|ithe}}
===參考資料===
<references />
{{C|ki|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==拉特加萊語==
===詞源===
借自一門{{bor|ltg|sla}}語言,源自{{der|ltg|sla-pro|*baba}}。{{doublet|ltg|buoba}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ltg|[ˈbaba]}} <!-- {{ltg-IPA}} -->
* {{hyph|ltg|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|ltg|名詞|g=f|指小|babeņa}}
# [[祖母]]
====變格====
{{ltg-decl-noun/4}}
====近義詞====
* {{qualifier|方言}} {{l|ltg|vace}}
====同類詞彙====
* {{l|ltg|dzeds||祖父}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ltg:Andronov:2008|page=10}}
{{c|ltg|女性家庭成員}}
==下索布語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|dsb|sla-pro|*baba}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|dsb|/ˈbaba/}}
===名詞===
{{dsb-noun|f|dim=babka}}
# [[助產士]]
# [[老婦人]]
# [[女人]]
====變格====
{{dsb-decl-noun-1|bab}}
===名詞===
{{dsb-noun|f|dim=babka}}
# [[海綿蛋糕]]
====變格====
{{dsb-decl-noun-1|bab}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:dsb:Muka}}
* {{R:dsb:Starosta}}
{{c|dsb|女人|食物|職業}}
==下塔納納語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|taa|/pæpæ/}}
===名詞===
{{head|taa|名詞|領屬形式|baba'}}
# [[食物]]
#: {{usex|taa|dene baba'|原住民食物|inline=1}}
#: {{usex|taa|ɬika baba'|狗食|inline=1}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|taa|dets'eni baba'||牛筋草}}
* {{l|taa|dzenh babe'||狐尾藻}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:taa:Kari 2024|page=69}}
{{c|taa|飲食}}
==盧歐語==
===名詞===
{{head|luo|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|luo|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==馬來語==
===發音===
{{ms-IPA|a=Baku,Johor-Riau}}
{{ms-IPA|babe|a=Johor-Riau}} {{rfv-pron|ms}}
* {{rhymes|ms|abə|bə|ə|s=2}}
===詞源1===
{{m|ms|bapa}} 的濁音化。
====名詞====
{{ms-noun|j=باب}}
# [[父親]]{{gl|男性家長}}
=====近義詞=====
* {{l|ms|bapa}} ({{l|ms|bapanda}}、{{l|ms|bapai}}、{{l|ms|bapak}}、{{l|ms|bapang}}、{{l|ms|papa}})
* {{l|ms|ayah}} ({{l|ms|ayahanda}}、{{l|ms|aya}}、{{l|ms|yah}})
* {{l|ms|abah}} ({{l|ms|aba}}、{{l|ms|bah}})
* {{l|ms|rama}}
===詞源2===
可能{{bor+|ms|fa|بابا|tr=bâbâ|nocap=1}}。參見 {{w|lang=en|Baba (honorific)}}。
====其他形式====
* {{alt|ms|babah}}
====名詞====
{{ms-noun|j=باب}}
# 殖民時期在{{w|海峽殖民地}}出生的[[歐洲人]]、[[歐亞]][[混血兒]]或[[華人]][[男子]]{{gl|與移民的華人或歐洲男子相對}}
# {{lb|ms|古舊}} {{n-g|對[[葡萄牙]][[紳士]]的尊稱}}
=====參見=====
* {{l|ms|Baba}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:PRPM}}
* {{cite-book|entryurl=https://archive.org/details/aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu/page/72/mode/2up?q=baba|entry=باب baba|title=A Malay-English dictionary|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Kelly & Walsh limited|location=Hong Kong|year=1901|pages=72-73}}
* {{cite-book|entryurl=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-60272771/view?partId=nla.obj-435847204#page/n68/mode/1up/search/baba|entry=baba|title=A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Salavopoulos & Kinderlis|location=Mytilene, Greece|year=1932|volume=II|pages=59}}
{{C|ms|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==曼薩卡語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|msk|poz-pro|*babaq}}。
====副詞====
{{head|msk|副詞}}
# 在[[下面]]
===詞源2===
{{inh+|msk|poz-pro|*baqbaq}}。
====名詞====
{{head|msk|名詞}}
# [[嘴巴]]
===詞源3===
{{inh+|msk|poz-pro|*baba}},對照{{cog|ms|bawa}}。
====動詞====
{{head|msk|動詞}}
# [[攜帶]],[[背]]
==馬紹爾語==
===詞源===
源自兒語;許多其他語言中也存在類似形式,例如{{cog|en|papa}} 和{{cog|cmn|爸爸|tr=bàba||父親,爸爸}}。
===發音===
{{mh-ipa-rows|bahbah}}
===名詞===
{{mh-head|名詞}} {{tlb|mh|口語}}
# [[父親]],[[爸爸]]
#: {{syn|mh|jem-}}
# {{lb|mh|呼格}} [[爸爸]] {{qualifier|用來稱呼自己的父親}}
====用法說明====
這是一個口語和親暱的稱謂,比較不可讓渡且更正式的 {{m|mh|jema-||父親}}。
===參考資料===
* {{R:mh:MEOD|MED2B.htm#baba}}
* {{R:mh:Naan|page=918}}
{{C|mh|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==馬特爾語==
===名詞===
{{head|mfh|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
#: {{ux|mfh|La katskats tasàk à kəslah iyaw aŋatà à ahəŋ la '''baba''' aŋatà gà, tanəfà Yesu. (Mata 4:22)|他們立刻捨了船,別了'''父親''',跟從了耶穌。(《馬太福音》4:22)}}
{{C|mfh|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==姆瓦尼語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|wmw|wawa}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|wmw|bnt-pro|*bààbá}}。
===名詞===
{{wmw-noun|1a}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|wmw|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==那加克里奧爾語==
===詞源===
{{dercat|nag|inc-ash|inh=1}}
{{inh+|nag|as|বাবা}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nag|/ba.ba/}}
===名詞===
{{head|nag|名詞}}
# [[父親]],[[爸爸]]
#: {{syn|nag|bap}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:nag:Shreedar}}
{{C|nag|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==納普語==
===名詞===
{{head|npy|名詞}}
# [[門]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:npy:Mondolu:2011|page=9}}
{{C|npy|建築學}}
==內法語==
===詞源===
{{dercat|nef|inc-ash}}
源自{{der|nef|as|বাবা}}。
===名詞===
{{head|nef|名詞}}
# [[父親]],[[爸爸]]
{{C|nef|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==恩加魯馬語==
===名詞===
{{head|nrl|名詞}}
# [[水]]
# [[雨]],[[雨水]]
===參考資料===
* ''[//books.google.com/books?id=b2ZkAAAAMAAJ Aboriginal Languages of the Pilbara: Ngarluma]'' (1990); [https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/languages/language/194 HG]
{{C|nrl|水|大氣現象}}
==恩康亞語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|nko|/babaʔ/}}
===名詞===
{{head|nko|名詞|複數|ababa}}
# [[白蟻]]
{{c|nko|昆蟲}}
==古捷克語==
===發音===
* {{zlw-ocs-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{zlw-ocs-noun|f}}
# {{alternative form of|zlw-ocs|bába}}
====變格====
{{zlw-ocs-ndecl|f}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zlw-ocs:Gebauer}}
==古波蘭語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|zlw-opl|id=祖母|:inh|sla-pro:*bàba<id:祖母>|tree=1|text=+}} {{etydate|1393}}。
===發音===
* {{zlw-opl-IPA}}
* {{hmp|zlw-opl|Baba}}
===名詞===
{{zlw-opl-noun|f|adj=babin}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|見於|_|大波蘭|Łęczyca|馬佐夫舍}} [[祖母]],[[外祖母]]{{gl|父母的母親}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:HubeZb|67|1393|Meczko bliszszi po swe '''babe''' ku te dzedzine|Miec(z)ko bliższy po swe '''babie''' ku te dziedzinie|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:HubeZb|49|1401|Yacoszmi Yana s W[o]yczechem o yego '''babi''' pusczinø|Jakośmy Jana z W[o]jciechem ujednali o jego '''baby''' puścinę|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Piek VI|224|1404|Vichna zaplaczila swim szestrzeniczam{{...}} szeszczdzeszanth grziwen posagu po gich '''babe'''|Wichna zapłaciła swym siestrzenicam{{...}} sześćdziesiąt grzywien posagu po jich '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Kal|243|1407|Iaco Micolay sabiw Catherzinina '''baba''' y wrzuczil sza w yey possag|Jako Mikołaj zabiw Katerzynina '''babę''' i wrzucił sie w jej posag|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:HubeZb|56|1411|Yego '''baba''' s tego clenota visla|Jego '''baba''' z tego klenota wyszła|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:RTH|VI|25|1411|Yego '''baba''' s tego clenotha iest|Jego '''baba''' z tego klenota jest|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:StPPP|VII|478|1411|Iego '''baba''' s tego clenota uisla y nassey krwe yest|Jego '''baba''' z tego klenota wyszła i naszej krwie jest|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:TPaw|V|II38|1418|Maczey y *Margorzantha poszwaly Greta y Lena po szmercy Margorzacyne gich '''baby'''|Maciej i Margorzanta pozwali Greta i Lena po śmierci Margorzacinie jich '''baby'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:AKPr|VIIIa|155|1421|Thych dzeczy '''baba''' seczdzesanth grzywen wnosla u Lubczą grossow|Tych dzieci '''baba''' sześćdziesiąt grzywien wniosła u Lubca grosow|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:StPPP|VII|362|1441|Post auam al. '''babye'''|Post auam al. '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Kozier|I|34|1448|Post matrem patris al. po '''babye'''|Post matrem patris al. po '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Kozier|I|34|1448|Post matrem matris{{...}} al. po '''babye'''|Post matrem matris{{...}} al. po '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:MonIur|III|176|1449|Post auam eiusdem filie vlg. po '''babye'''|Post auam eiusdem filie vlg. po '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:AGZ|VI|110|1469|Iure propinquitatis post manum mortuam nobilis Iachne olim ave al. po '''babye'''{{...}} filii sui Stanislai|Iure propinquitatis post manum mortuam nobilis Iachne olim ave al. po '''babie'''{{...}} filii sui Stanisław|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:MiesHer|XIV|131|1453-1471|Post awam vlg. po '''babye'''|Post awam vlg. po '''babie'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:ZapWarsz|1433|1474|Jacowa nye wzyąla ssta kop{{...}} po '''babye''' Vychnye|Jakowa nie wzięła sta kop{{...}} po '''babie''' Wichnie|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:ZapWarsz|1207|1478|Jakom ya nye pomloczyl dwv brogv{{...}} anym przedal krowy {{...}}, any {{...}} ovyecz, kthorich brogow y krowj, y ovyecz polovicza sluzy{{...}} na nye yako y na czya po '''babye''' gych ny[e]gdy Machnye blyskosczya|Jakom ja nie pomłodził dwu brogu{{...}} anim przedał krowy {{...}}, ani {{...}} owiec, ktorych brogow i krowy, i owiec połowica służy{{...}} na nie jako i na cię po '''babie''' jich ni[e]gdy Machnie błyskoszczą|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:ZapWarsz|1208|1478|Jacom ya nye pozal gwaltem zytha y psenicze y yaczmyenyv any ovscha na wyenye olim Jachny '''baby''' gych{{...}}, anym thego wyozl w dom swoy w wasznosczy na gych czyansch{{...}} yako dwye kopye po '''baby[e]''' gych|Jakom ja nie pożął gwałtem żyta i pszenice i jęczmieniu ani owsa nie wienie olim Jachny '''baby''' jich{{...}}, anim tego wiozł w dom swoj w ważność na jich część{{...}} jako dwie kopie po '''babi[e]''' jich|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:MW|45b|Iesztesczie pana y boga naszego Jesu Crista ieden dziadem, druga '''babø'''|Jesteście Pana i Boga naszego Jezu Krysta jeden dziadem, druga '''babą'''|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:ZapWarsz|1632|1488|Jako my tho wyemy, ysze Barbara thako yesth blysska kv pvsczynye po Gedwidze '''babye''' yako y Anna|Jako my to wiemy, iże Barbara tako jest błyska ku puścinie po Gewidze '''babie''' jako i Anna|-}}
## {{lb|zlw-opl|hapax}} {{def-uncertain|zlw-opl|nh=1}}
##* {{RQ:zlw-opl:AGZ|XII|347|1472|Que sibi cessit post matrem suam al. po '''babye'''|Que sibi cessit post matrem suam al. po '''babie'''|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|見於|_|大波蘭}} [[老奶奶]]{{gl|任何老婦人}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:BZ|Gen|18, 13|Dopyoro bødø rodzycz, yusz bødøczi '''babø''' (num vere paritura sum anus)?|Dopioro będę rodzić już będęcy '''babą'''?|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:BZ|Ruth|1, 13|Bo aczbich mogla tey to noci poczøcz sini y porodzicz, a wi chcyele czekacz, doiød bi nye wirozli z dzecynskich lyat, drzewyey bødzeta '''babye''', nyszly swadzbi s nymy doczekacye|Bo aczbych mogła tej to nocy począć syny i porodzić a wy chciele czekać, dojąd by nie wyrośli z dziecińskich lat, drzewiej będzieta '''babie''', niżli swadźby s nimi doczekacie|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:WokLub|11r|c. 1500|Anus eyn weyp vel culus; versus: dum se curuat anus '''bąba''', retro sibi sibilat anus - posterior pars alterius rzycz|Anus eyn weyp vel culus; versus: dum se curuat anus '''baba''', retro sibi sibilat anus - posterior pars alterius rzyć|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|見於|_|小波蘭}} [[女人]]
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:R|XXII|55|1447|*'''Babia''' mulier|'''Baba''' mulier|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Park|404|'''Babø''' bik bodze|'''Babę''' byk bodzie|-}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:AKPr|X|347|1412|'''Baba''' stara|'''Baba''' stara|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|hapax}} [[助產士]]
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Rozm|63|Vyschedl barzo rącze, chczącz vezvacz k temv baby albo panye|Wyszedł barzo rącze, chcąc wezwać ku temu '''baby''' albo panie|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|hapax}} [[梨]],[[西洋梨]]{{gl|{{taxfmt|Pyrus communis|species}}}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:Rost|206|1472|'''Baba''' pira|'''Baba''' pira|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|見於|_|Łęczyca|使用複數|constellation|hapax}} [[昴星團]]
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:R|XXII|22|1466|'''Baby''' pliades|'''Baby''' pliades|-}}
# {{lb|zlw-opl|hapax}} {{n-g|專有名詞 Bala 的訛誤。}}
#* {{RQ:zlw-opl:BZ|Gen|35, 22|Spal z zonø otcza swego, ktoreyze to '''Baba''' rzekla|Spał z żoną otca swego, ktorejże to '''Baba''' rzeczono|-}}
====變格====
{{zlw-opl-decl-noun
|baba|babie|-
|baby|-|-
|-|-|-
|babę|-|baby
|babą|-|-
|babie|-|-
|-|-|-}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|zlw-opl|title=名詞|babica|babimór|babina|babizna|babka|wieszcza baba|prababa|morzybaba}}
{{col|zlw-opl|title=專有名詞|Baba|Babirad|Babik|Babiuch|Babusz}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|zlw-opl|title=形容詞|babczany}}
{{col|zlw-opl|title=名詞|babczyzna}}
{{col|zlw-opl|title=專有名詞|Babczyca|Babic|Babicski|Babi Dyjabeł|Babiński|Babka|Babko|Baboszewski|Babski|Babszyński}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pl|baba|id=女人|alts=1}}
* {{desc|szl|baba}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pl:Boryś}}
* {{R:pl:Mańczak}}
* {{R:pl:Bańkowski}}
* {{R:pl:Sławski}}
* {{R:pl:WSEHJP}}
* {{R:pl:Bruckner}}
* {{R:zlw-opl:SSP1953||49|2}}
* {{R:zlw-opl:SPJSP||138}}
* {{R:zlw-opl:BLŚP|+|761}}
* {{R:zlw-opl:Rozariusze|+|761}}
{{C|zlw-opl|年齡|女性家庭成員|女人|果實|健康照護職業|產科學}}
==峇峇娘惹印尼語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|pea|bew|baba}}。
===名詞===
{{head|pea|名詞}}
# 對華人男性的問候語
==普提語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|bnt-phu|bnt-pro|*-bába}}。
===動詞===
{{head|bnt-phu|動詞|head=-baba}}
# 嘗起來[[苦]]
====屈折====
{{rfinfl|bnt-phu|動詞}}
==波蘭語==
{{wp|lang=pl}}
{{multiple images
| image1 = Martina Warren, Lisa, Shay Laren, Crystal Klein at Luke Ford's 40th birthday party.jpg
| caption1 = {{lang|pl|baby}} ({{sno|pl|女人}})
| image2 = Božićni kuglov.jpg
| caption2 = {{lang|pl|baba}} ({{sno|pl|巴布卡}})
| image3 = Delmag Mäkler mit Ex-Ramme 3.jpg
| caption3 = {{lang|pl|baba}} ({{sno|pl|打樁機}})
}}
===發音===
{{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-baba.wav|mp=#|kuj=#|suw=#|prz=#|krk=#|sad=#|BG=#|kli=#|pod=#|las=#|sbl=#|MB=#|koc=#|pdl=#|CGP=#|kie=#|EL=#|zyw=#|MD=#|sie=#|WL=#|kra=#|ekr=#|skur=#|low=#|nbl=#|mas=raw:[ˈbæ.bæ],#|ost=#|war=#|NGP=#}}
===詞源1===
{{etymon|pl|id=女人|:inh|zlw-opl:baba<id:祖母>|tree=1|text=+}}
====其他形式====
* {{alt|pl|boba<t:一種帽子>||中大波蘭|弗熱希尼亞縣|波茲南}}
====名詞====
{{pl-noun|f|dim=babka,babcia|aug=babsko,babisko|adj=babi,babski}}
# {{senseid|pl|女人}} {{lb|pl|口語|有時|貶義|或|方言|Kujawy|拉傑尤夫|Suwałki|奧古斯圖夫|Bory Tucholskie|Northern Borderlands|Southern Borderlands|Kociewie|Zagórze|Kielce|Ostróda|Warmia|Masuria|Northern Greater Poland}} [[女人]],[[老太婆]],[[醜老婦]]{{gl|女性;通常指惹麻煩或年老的人}}
## {{lb|pl|口語|或|方言|Przemyśl|桑河|Western Kraków|松奇|Łącko|扎布熱日|Babia Góra|斯卡維察|Kliszczak|奧謝萊茨|Podhale|斯卡瓦|扎科帕內|Lasovia|塔爾諾布熱格|Kujawy|伊諾弗羅茨瓦夫|Standard Kurpie|Łowicz|Far Masovian|Northern Borderlands|Southern Borderlands|Zagórze|Kielce|Masuria|Northern Greater Poland}} [[女人]];[[妻子]];[[女朋友]]{{gl|女性伴侶,尤指已婚的}}
## {{lb|pl|兒語|或|方言|Northern Borderlands|Southern Borderlands|Warmia|Masuria}} [[祖母]],[[外祖母]]{{gl|父母的母親}}
##: {{syn|pl|babcia|babka|babunia}}
## {{lb|pl|口語|貶義}} 女[[教師]]
##: {{syn|pl|nauczycielka}}
## 村婦{{gl|來自村莊的女人}}
##: {{syn|pl|chłopka|wieśniaczka}}
## 鄉村女販{{gl|來自村莊賣東西的女人}}
## {{lb|pl|Standard Kurpie|用於民間故事}} [[老巫婆]]{{gl|邪惡的女性角色}}
## {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} 穀物婆婆{{gl|化身為老婦人的惡魔,用來嚇唬小孩不要走進穀物地裡}}
## {{lb|pl|Kociewie|棄用}} 巫婆{{gl|黑水橋上格日貝克地區一個不具名的神話女性人物,所有第一次去奧謝的人都必須親吻她的臀部}}
## {{lb|pl|棄用}} 老巫婆;[[女巫]],[[施咒者]]
##: {{syn|pl|czarownica|wiedźma}}
## {{lb|pl|棄用|或|方言|Ostróda|Warmia|Masuria|Northern Greater Poland}} 女[[乞丐]]{{gl|乞討的女人}}
##: {{cot|pl|dziad}}
## {{lb|pl|棄用|或|方言|Podhale|Western Kraków|Southern Borderlands|卡緬涅茨-波多利斯基|德羅霍貝奇|Near Masovian|維拉努夫|產科學|Zagórze}} [[助產士]]
##: {{syn|pl|akuszerka|położna}}
## {{lb|pl|棄用}} 女[[雇工]];女[[工人]]
## {{lb|pl|棄用}} 女[[皮條客]]
##: {{syn|pl|stręczycielka}}
## {{lb|pl|棄用}} 女性[[雪人]]
##: {{syn|pl|bałwanica}}
## {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語|或|方言|Zagórze}} {{syn of|pl|znachorka|t=女郎中}}
## {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語}} {{syn of|pl|płaczka|t=[[哀悼者]]}}
## {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語|國際象棋}} [[王后]]
##: {{syn|pl|dama|hetman|królowa}}
## {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語}} [[神像]]{{gl|代表神靈的女性形狀柱子,崇拜的對象}}
# {{lb|pl|貶義}} [[娘娘腔]]{{gl|性格軟弱或怯懦的男性}}
# {{senseid|pl|巴布卡}} [[巴布卡]]{{gl|一種圓底截錐形的蛋糕,在特定的大模具中烘烤而成}}
#: {{syn|pl|babka}}
# {{senseid|pl|打樁機}} {{lb|pl|工程學}} [[打樁機]]{{gl|液壓錘}}
## {{lb|pl|Western Lublin|Janów Lubelski County|Podlachian|蒂科欽|Central Greater Poland|Kalisz}} 打樁木,推動木{{gl|用於打樁、榨油等的厚木塊}}
# {{lb|pl|Western Kraków|平丘夫|Kociewie|文茨科維|Near Masovian|緬濟熱茨}} 大[[束]],大[[捆]]
#: {{hyper|pl|snop}}
# {{lb|pl|Podlachian|蒂科欽}} 煤孔{{gl|火爐上用來倒入煤炭以便更快加熱房間的孔}}
# {{lb|pl|Kujawy}} [[星星]]{{gl|發光的天體}}
#: {{syn|pl|gwiazda}}
# {{lb|pl|Podlachian|蒂科欽|Western Kraków|魯達瓦|Far Masovian|切哈努夫|Eastern Kraków|塔爾努夫|Northern Greater Poland|用於複數|星座}} [[昴星團]]
#: {{syn|pl|Plejady}}
# {{lb|pl|Podlachian|蒂科欽}} 老而粗的[[松樹]]
#: {{hyper|pl|sosna}}
# {{lb|pl|Podlachian|蒂科欽|Łowicz|茲瓦庫夫-博羅維|茲瓦庫夫-科希切爾尼|Masuria|紡織}} {{n-g|紡車部件}}{{gl|紡車中連接在凳子螺絲上的短而厚的木圓盤}}
# {{lb|pl|Suwałki|奧古斯圖夫省}} 杜父魚屬({{taxlink|Cottus|genus}})的各種淡水[[杜父魚]]
#: {{syn|pl|głowacz}}
# {{lb|pl|Łowicz}} 煙囪側道{{gl|磚砌煙囪中的側邊通道}}
# {{lb|pl|Southern Borderlands}} 聖誕草束{{gl|平安夜放在地板上的稻草束}}
#: {{hyper|pl|wiązka}}
# {{lb|pl|Southern Borderlands}} [[鈍端]]{{gl|雞蛋較寬的一端}}
# {{lb|pl|Kociewie|Ostróda}} [[末端]]{{gl|最後一捆穀物}}
#: {{syn|pl|pępek}}
# {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} [[末端]]{{gl|最後一叢馬鈴薯}}
# {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} 嬉鬧{{gl|把玩穀物設備}}
# {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} [[雨雲]]{{gl|烏雲}}
# {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} 漁網[[絞盤]]{{gl|用於將漁網拉出水面的手動絞盤}}
#: {{hyper|pl|kołowrót}}
# {{lb|pl|Central Greater Poland|克韋茨科}} 堆垛中心{{gl|穀物或乾草堆的結構元素;堆垛內部的中心部分}}
# {{lb|pl|Masuria}} [[馬鈴薯餅]]{{gl|用馬鈴薯製成的烘焙食品}}
# {{lb|pl|Warmia}} 巫婆{{gl|主顯節前參加挨家挨戶儀式的偽裝者}}
# {{lb|pl|Ostróda}} [[條子]]{{gl|一束未紡的纖維}}
#: {{syn|pl|kądziel}}
# {{lb|pl|Masuria|斯科魯普基}} 擣衣杵{{gl|在河裡或池塘裡洗衣服用的棍子}}
#: {{syn|pl|kijanka}}
# {{lb|pl|Masuria|拉斯基-維爾凱|埃烏克縣}} [[稻草人]]
#: {{syn|pl|strach}}
# {{lb|pl|Warmia|Masuria}} {{n-g|一種[[舞蹈]],被認為是最[[著名]]的}}
# {{lb|pl|Northern Greater Poland|主要|用於複數}} 排煙口{{gl|天花板上讓煙霧排入煙囪的孔}}
# {{lb|pl|Northern Greater Poland}} 氣穴{{gl|薄冰下的空氣}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|木材放運}} 親吻木塊{{gl|雕刻成人頭形狀的木塊,由首次協助新放運工放運的工人交給新放運工親吻}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|或|方言|Krajna|Wyrzysk County|Far Masovian|切哈努夫|Bory Tucholskie|Masuria|Northern Greater Poland|捕魚}} 曳繩桶{{gl|一種中間穿有木桿的窄桶,捕魚時用來捲繞曳繩,之後放在冰上的雪橇上}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|運動}} 起始柱{{gl|開始槌球遊戲的木柱}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|工程學}} 夯實塊{{gl|帶手柄的橡木塊,鋪設石頭、在路面上鋪礫石等時用於夯實}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|藝術}} 繪畫墊{{gl|手工印花帆布時塗抹顏料用的皮革墊}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|或|方言|Central Greater Poland|Kielce|奧波奇諾縣|Eastern Lublin|Żywiec|Podlachia|緬濟熱茨|Far Masovian|切哈努夫|Sieradz|維隆|拉多姆斯科|Suwałki|奧古斯圖夫省|Podhale}} 塞子{{gl|用於塞住火爐或煙囪空腔的碎布束或木板}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|或|Standard Kurpie}} [[鼻屎]]
#: {{syn|pl|babok}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用}} 乾草障礙物{{gl|用作阻擋危險通道的乾草束}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用}} 帽模{{gl|用於熨燙和塑造帽子形狀的木製模具}}
#: {{hyper|pl|forma}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|帆船航行}} 船鉤
# {{lb|pl|棄用}} [[車前草]]{{gl|車前屬({{taxlink|Plantago|genus}})的任何植物}}
#: {{syn|pl|babka}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|或|方言|Biecz|Ropczyce-Sędziszów County|Podlachian|蒂科欽|Northern Greater Poland}} {{n-g|一種呈球根狀的[[梨]]}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|帆船航行}} 死結{{gl|桅杆扭絞處上木筏工人無法解開的結}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|帆船航行}} 木筏防護束{{gl|放置在河流危險處以防止木筏擱淺的稻草束}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|礦業}} {{syn of|pl|posułt}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|狩獵}} [[松鴉]]{{gl|{{taxlink|Garrulus glandarius|species}}}}
#: {{syn|pl|sójka}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|狩獵}} {{n-g|一種野[[鴨]]}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用|學生俚語|遊戲}} [[皮球]]
# {{lb|pl|棄用}} [[鵜鶘]]{{gl|鵜鶘科({{taxlink|Pelecanidae|family}})海鳥}}
#: {{syn|pl|pelikan}}
# {{lb|pl|棄用}} [[金槍魚]],[[鮪魚]]{{gl|金槍魚屬({{taxlink|Thunnus|genus}})魚類}}
#: {{syn|pl|tuńczyk}}
# {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語}} 鞭笞台
# {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語}} {{n-g|一種[[大砲]];[[火砲]]}}
#: {{hyper|pl|armata|działo}}
=====變格=====
{{pl-decl-noun-f}}
標準庫爾皮:
{{pl-skur-decl-noun-f|ba|b|hard}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|pl|title=名詞|Baba Jaga|baba-chłop|babochłop|babiarz|babie lato|babimór|babina|babizna|babiniec|baboholik|babol|babon|babstwo|babsztyl|babula|babus|babusia|chłopobaba|babka|rżana baba|herod-baba}}
{{col|pl|title=短語|masz babo placek|dziad swoje, baba swoje|baba z wozu, koniom lżej|gdzie diabeł nie może, tam babę pośle|nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosię|jak się chłop z babą nie wyśpi, to jej żaden garniec na blasze nie pasuje}}
{{pl-derived verbs|impf_first=1|babieć/zbabieć}}
{{pl-derived verbs|-/chôdzić pô babach<q:方言>}}
=====相關詞彙=====
{{col|pl|title=形容詞|babczany|babciny|babciowy|babkowaty}}
{{col|pl|title=副詞|babsko}}
{{col|pl|title=名詞|babeczka|babinka|babkowate|babskość|babuleńka|babulina|babulinka|babulka|babunia|babuśka|ciuciubabka|babka bycza|babka lancetowata|babka piaskowa|cioteczna babka|stryjeczna babka|ślepa babka}}
===詞源2===
{{etymon|pl|id=宗教|:bor|tr:baba<id:父親><ref:{{R:pl:WSWO}} !!! {{R:pl:USJP}}>|tree=1|text=+}} {{etydate|1633|20世紀}}。<ref>{{R:pl:SXVII|BABA|1295|PK|18.07.2022}}</ref><ref>{{R:pl:SJPD|baba II}}</ref>
====名詞====
{{pl-noun|f}}
# [[巴爾巴爾]],草原石人{{gl|用於祭祀或精神活動的石像}}
# {{lb|pl|中古波蘭語}} [[監獄]];[[地牢]]
=====變格=====
{{pl-decl-noun-f}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* 現代標準波蘭語:
** {{R:pl:WSJP||50227}}
** {{R:pl:PWN}}
** {{R:pl:SGJP|+|7670}}
** {{R:pl:SPP||22}}
* 中古波蘭語:
** {{R:pl:SGJP|+|7670}}
** {{R:pl:SXVI|+|5907}}
* 歷史詞典:
** {{R:pl:SJP1807}}
** {{R:pl:SJP1861}}
** {{R:pl:SJP1900||77|1}}
* 方言詞典:
** {{R:pl:SGP1900||27|1}}
** {{R:pl:Świderska:1929||344}}
** {{R:pl:Tomaszewski:1930||104}}
** {{R:pl:Sychta:1980||7|1}}
** {{R:pl:SgOWiM||137|1}}
** {{R:pl:Kobylińska:2001||2}}
** {{R:pl:Paryl:2004|baba I-VI|22}}
** {{R:pl:Cygan:2018||32}}
** {{R:pl:Gadomski:2022||52}}
** {{R:pl:Donder|bäbä|11}}
** {{R:pl:SGBorowiackiej}}
** {{R:pl:SWDM}}
** {{R:pl:Kobus:Wilkosz:2024||51}}
{{C|pl|年齡|農業|糕點|雲|松柏|鴉科動物|舞蹈|鴨|女性家庭成員|女人|纖維|健康照護職業|洗衣|男人|神話生物|產科學|地點|車前科植物|仁果|馬鈴薯|監獄|賣淫|房間|鯖亞目|鮋形目|海鳥|灌木|恆星|運動器材|工具|武器}}
==葡萄牙語==
===詞源1===
源自假設的{{inh|pt|la-vul|*baba}},最終為模仿兒童說話重複音節 ''ba'' 的{{onomatopoeic|pt|title=擬聲詞}}。對照{{cog|fr|bave}}。
====發音====
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|abɐ|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|ba|ba}}
====名詞====
{{head|pt|名詞|g=f|複數|babas|cat2=可數名詞}}
# [[口水]],[[流涎]]
# {{lb|pt|巴西|粗俗}} [[尿道球腺液]];[[射精前液]]
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|pt|baba de camelo|babar|baboso}}
===詞源2===
{{ety|pt|nl=1}}
====動詞====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|babar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}
{{C|pt|體液}}
==拉達農語==
===名詞===
{{head|btn|名詞}}
# [[嘴巴]]
==羅馬尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|ro|[ˈba.ba]}}
===名詞===
{{head|ro|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|ro|babă||def|s}}
==撒拉語==
{{Wiktionary:圖片詞典/slr:family}}
===詞源===
和{{cog|az|baba|t=祖父}} 同源。
===發音===
* {{IPA|slr|/pɑbɑ/|a=青海循化; 新疆伊犁}}
===名詞===
{{head|slr|名詞}}
# [[祖父]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|slr|ata-baba|t=祖先}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:slr:Lianyun|page=126|baba}}
* {{R:slr:Lianyun1992|page=25}}
* {{R:slr:Yakup|page=52}}
* {{R:slr:MaChengjun|page=30|baba}}
{{C|slr|男性家庭成員}}
==森哈加語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sjs|ber-pro|-}},{{inh+|sjs|afa-pro|*ʔab-}}。
===發音===
* {{sjs-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{sjs-head|名詞|g=m|pl=-}}
#{{gl|我的}} [[父親]]
#: {{syn|sjs|lwalid}}
#: {{uxa|sjs|Aryaz-iyya d '''baba'''.|t=這男人是我的'''父親'''。}}
====用法說明====
在單數形式中,以 {{m|sjs||-a}} 或 {{m|sjs||-i}} 結尾的親屬稱謂若不加詞綴,則預設為第一人稱單數所有者;例如,{{m|sjs|baba|t=我的父親}}。若要指代其他所有者,則必須使用特定的附著代詞。
====參見====
{{col|sjs
|yemma<t:母親>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sjs:Webonary}}
* {{R:sjs:Gutova:2021}}
{{c|sjs|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*baba}}。{{etydate|15世紀}}。<ref>{{R:sh:ERHJ|baba|35}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/bâba/}}
* {{hyph|sh|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|bȁba|f|aug=babetina}}
# {{lb|sh|regional}} [[祖母]],[[奶奶]]
#: {{coi|sh|Da je (moja) '''baba''' muško, zvala bi se Duško.|t=如果我的'''祖母'''是男人,她的名字就會是杜什科。}}(關於不可能條件的押韻表達)
# {{lb|sh|通常|貶義}} [[老婦人]],[[老太婆]]
# {{lb|sh|貶義}} [[女性]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|bȁba|babe
|babe|bȃbā
|babi|babama
|babu|babe
|babo|babe
|babi|babama
|babom|babama
}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|祖母}} {{l|sh|baka|báka}}、{{l|sh|nena}}
===參考資料===
<references/>
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sh:HJP|e1lvWg%3D%3D}}
{{C|sh|女性家庭成員|女人}}
==修納語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sn|bnt-pro|*bààbá}}。
===名詞===
{{sn-noun|babá|1a}}
# [[父親]]
# {{lb|sn|基督教}} [[神父]]{{gl|祭司}}
#: {{syn|sn|fata}}
{{C|sn|男性家庭成員|雙親|宗教職業}}
==西里西亞語==
{{was fwotd|szl|2026|7月|25日}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|szl|id=女人|:inh|zlw-opl:baba<id:祖母>|tree=1|text=+}}
===發音===
{{szl-pr|a=LL-Q30319 (szl)-Vxern-#.wav}}
===名詞===
{{szl-noun|f}}
# {{lb|szl|有時|貶義}} [[女人]];[[老婦]]{{gl|女性,尤指年長者}}
#: {{syn|szl|kobiyta|niywiasta|żyńskŏ<q:切申>}}
# [[妻子]];[[女朋友]]{{gl|浪漫關係中的女性伴侶}}
#: {{syn|szl|moja|ślubnŏ|żōna}}
# [[助產士]]
#: {{syn|szl|hebama}}
# [[祖母]],[[奶奶]]{{gl|父母的母親}}
# 女[[乞丐]]{{gl|乞討的女人}}
# 女[[庸醫]]{{gl|醫術不精的女醫生}}
# 女[[草藥師]]{{gl|使用草藥治病的女人}}
# 女[[媒人]]{{gl|撮合男女的女人}}
# {{w|長葉車前}}{{gl|{{taxlink|Plantago lanceolata|species}}}}
# [[打樁機]]{{gl|將長木梁等樁打入地下的機器}}
# {{lb|szl|貶義}} [[娘娘腔]],[[懦夫]]{{gl|性格軟弱或膽小的男性}}
# [[巴布卡]]{{gl|一種蛋糕}}
# [[稻草人]];女性[[假人]]
# [[西洋梨]]{{gl|{{taxlink|Pyrus communis|species}}}}
#: {{syn|szl|babka}}
# 大[[木槌]]
# 從[[烤爐]]通向[[煙囪]]的[[管道]]
# {{lb|szl|礦業}} [[採礦]]用[[錘子]]
# 將[[煙]][[排放]]到[[煙囪]]的[[爐床]][[頂蓋]]
# 形狀[[凸出]]、呈[[球形]]的[[煙囪]]
# {{lb|szl|鍛造}} 用來[[敲打]][[大鐮]]或[[鐮刀]]的小[[鐵砧]]
#: {{syn|szl|babka}}
# {{lb|szl|農業}} 靠在一起,且頂部由另一束[[穀物]]覆蓋的穀物堆
====變格====
{{szl-decl-noun|baba|baby|babie|babã|babōm|babie|babo|baby|[[bŏb]]/[[babōw]]|babōm|baby|[[babami]]/[[babōma]]|babach|baby}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:szl:dykcjonorz}}
* {{R:szl:silling}}
* {{R:szl:SGG|+|234}}
* {{R:szl:ZPJŚ|+|62}}
* {{R:szl:DPŚ||1|b}}
* {{R:szl:Podgórscy:2008|+|28}}
* {{R:szl:Wencel:2023|+|32}}
* {{R:szl:Przywara:1900}}
{{C|szl|年齡|建築要素|鍛造|糕點|女性家庭成員|女人|健康照護職業|機械|男人|產科學|車前科植物|工具}}
==斯洛伐克語==
===詞源===
{{ety|sk|:inh|sla-pro:*baba|text=+|tree=1}}
===發音===
* {{sk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{sk-noun|f}}
# {{lb|sk|口語}} [[老婦人]]
# {{lb|sk|口語}} [[女孩]]
# {{lb|sk|過時}} [[助產士]]
# {{lb|sk|過時}} [[洋娃娃]]
#: {{syn|sk|bábika}}
# {{lb|sk|過時}} [[木偶]]
#: {{syn|sk|maňuška}}
# {{lb|sk|過時}} [[薯餅]]
#: {{syn|sk|zemiaková placka|zemiaková baba}}
====變格====
{{sk-ndecl|f}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sk|babský|pos=adj}}
* {{l|sk|babsky|pos=adv}}
* {{l|sk|babisko}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sk:SDK}}
{{C|sk|玩具|女人}}
==斯洛文尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sl|sla-pro|*baba}}。{{etydate|16世紀}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|sl|/bàːba/}}
===名詞===
{{head|sl|名詞|g=f}}
# [[老婦人]],[[老太婆]]
====變格====
{{sl-decl-noun-f|báb}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sl|babica|bábica}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Fran}}
{{C|sl|女人}}
==斯洛溫語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|zlw-slv|id=祖母|:inh|sla-pro:*bàba<id:祖母>|tree=1|text=+}}
===發音===
{{zlw-slv-pr}}
===名詞===
{{zlw-slv-noun|f|dim=babjina|aug=babjiszczô|aug2=babskô|adj=babjy|poss=babjyn}}
# [[老婦人]]
# {{lb|zlw-slv|貶義}} [[女人]],[[娘們]]
# [[母]][[動物]]
====變格====
{{zlw-slv-decl-noun|baba|babë|babjê|babã|babõ|babjê||babjê||babôma||babôma|||babë|bob|babóm|babë|babamy|babach}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|zlw-slv|title=形容詞|babskjy}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|zlw-slv|title=名詞|babjynka}}
{{zlw-slv-derived verbs|impf_first=1|babjoc/zbabjoc}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zlw-slv:SW|bãbă|10}}
{{C|zlw-slv|動物|女人}}
==南基瓦伊語==
===名詞===
{{head|kjd|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
===參考資料===
* Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in ''The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide'' (2018, {{ISBN|978-3-11-028642-7}})
{{C|kjd|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==南恩德貝勒語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|nr|bnt-pro|*-bába}}。
===動詞===
{{head|nr|名詞|head=-bába}}
# [[苦]]的
====屈折====
{{rfinfl|nr|動詞}}
==西班牙語==
===詞源===
源自假設的{{inh|es|la-vul|*baba|t=流口水,兒語}},最終為模仿兒童說話重複音節 ''ba'' 的{{onomatopoeic|es|title=擬聲詞}}。
===發音===
{{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Marreromarco-baba.wav<a:Venezuela>>}}
===名詞===
{{head|es|名詞|g=f|複數|babas|cat2=不可數名詞}}
# [[口水]],[[流涎]]
#: {{ux|es|La chacha lavaba, y mientras lavaba, la '''baba''' se le caía.|t=女傭在洗衣服,一邊洗一邊流'''口水'''。}}
# [[黏液]]
# {{lb|es|委內瑞拉}} 小[[短吻鱷]],小[[凱門鱷]],小[[鱷魚]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col|es|de baba|caérsele la baba}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|es|babear|babero|baboso|babosa}}
====參見====
* {{l|es|cieno}}
* {{l|es|lama}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
==斯瓦希里語==
{{wp|lang=sw}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sw|bnt-pro|*bààbá}}。可能受到{{bor|sw|ar|بابا|tr=bābā}} 和{{bor|sw|fa|بابا|tr=bâbâ}} 的強化。
===發音===
* {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-baba.flac|a=Kenya}}
===名詞===
{{sw-noun|n}}
# [[父親]]{{gl|男性家長}}
====同類詞彙====
* {{l|sw|mama}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sw|baba mkwe|t=岳父;公公}}
* {{l|sw|baba wa kambo|t=繼父}}
* {{l|sw|ubaba}}
{{c|sw|雙親|男性家庭成員}}
==史瓦濟語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ss|bnt-pro|*-bába}}。
===動詞===
{{head|ss|動詞|head=-bába}}
# {{lb|ss|不及物}} 嘗起來[[苦]]
====屈折====
{{rfinfl|ss|動詞}}
==他加祿語==
===詞源1===
{{ety|tl|id=低|:inh|poz-pro:*babaq<ety:inh<map-pro:*babaq<t:下表面,在……下面,底部>>>|text=++|tree=1}} 和{{cog|ms|bawah|t=在……下,在……下面}} 同源。
====發音====
{{tl-pr|babà<t:下巴;低>|babâ<t:下降;下車/下船;樓下;減少;當季採果>}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|babà|b=+}}
# [[低]];[[低矮]]
# {{lb|tl|解剖學}} [[下巴]]
#: {{syn|tl|q=Marinduque|sihang}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|alog na ang baba|ngalumbaba|ibaba|pangangalumbaba|salumbaba|kababaan|babaan|bumaba|kababaang-loob|kababaan ng loob|mababa|mababang-loob|magpakababa|napakababa|pababain|pagpapababa|pagpapakababa|pinakamababa|ibong mababa ang lipad|kalapating mababa ang lipad|mababain|pakababain|kalumbaba|mababa ang luha|mababang kapulungan|mababang paaralan|ambaba}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|babâ|b=+}}
# [[下降]];[[下去]]
#: {{syn|tl|lapag|lunsad|lusong|panaog|q4=指樓梯}}
# [[下車]],[[下馬]];[[下來]] {{q|從車輛或動物上}}
# [[下台]];[[退位]];[[辭職]]
#: {{syn|tl|bitiw|abdika|dimiti}}
# [[樓下]];[[地下室]]
#: {{syn|tl|ibaba|lapag}}
# [[減少]];[[降低]] {{q|數量或測量值}}
# [[當季]][[採摘]][[水果]]
# [[放下]][[電話]];[[掛斷]]電話
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|babaan|bumaba|ibaba|ibinaba|ipababa|magbaba|magpababa|magpakumbaba|pababa|paibaba|pababain|pakumbaba|pagbaba|pagbaba-pagtaas|tagababa|pagbababa|talababa|pangayumbaba|baba sandata}}
===詞源2===
{{ety|tl|id=背|:inh|poz-pro:*baba<ety:inh<map-pro:*baba<t:背(人)>>>|text=++|tree=1}} 和{{cog|ms|bawa|t=攜帶}} 同源。
====發音====
{{tl-pr|babá<n^背><a^被背著的>|+<n^{{qualifier|棄用}} 裝載上船>}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|babá|b=+}}
# [[背]]
# [[動物]]的[[交配]]
#: {{syn|tl|kasta}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|pagbababa|babahin|babhin|bumaba|kababa|babahan|mababahan|magbaba|maba|palababahan|ibaba}}
=====參見=====
{{col3|tl|pasan}}
====形容詞====
{{tl-adj|babá|b=+}}
# 被[[背]]著的
#: {{ux|tl|'''Baba''' ko siya.|t=我正'''背'''著他。}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|b=+}} {{tlb|tl|棄用}}
# 將人[[裝載]]上[[船]]
#: {{syn|tl|pagsakay|paglulan}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|mamaba|mapababa|babahan|babahin}}
===詞源3===
====發音====
{{tl-pr|babâ}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|babâ|b=+}} {{tlb|tl|棄用}}
# {{n-g|貝貝因字母 {{l|tl|ᜊ}} 的名稱,對應 "ba"}}
====參見====
{{col3|tl|ba}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1860}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1613}}
** page 2: “Abajar) Baba [(pc)] lo q̃ eſta alto”
** page 99: “B) Baba (pc) aſi llaman eſtos [a nueſtra]. B. nombrandola .{{!}}。babayaon .{{!}}。{{tl-bay sc|ba|disp=1}}。baba ang maſoſonor dito. B. [eſta que] aqui ſe a de ſeguir. Pero ſi la eſcriven o pronunçian es [ſimplemente]. B. vſanla ſiempre conſonante como noſotros q̃ yere en la bocal como, bata, bang̃is, bago, &c.”
** page 101: “Bajo) Baba (pc) no alto, mababa, ad) cualquier coſa baja”
** page 103: “Barba) Baba (pp) la carne [y no] el pelo o barba ſin pelo [como la] dela muger”
** page 147: “Carga) Baba (pc) de alguna coſa”
** page 147: “Cargar) Baba (pc) enlas eſpaldas algo”
** page 359: “Humillarſe) Baba (pp) y ſujetarſe [en lo] interior”
** page 398: “Lleuar) Baba [(pc) en barco] a alguna perſona”
** page 405: “Mano) Baba (pp) tener pueſta en la mejilla”
** page 414: “Melancolico) Baba [(pp)] eſtar pueſta la mano en la mejilla”
* {{R:map:ACD|babaq1}}
* {{R:map:ACD|baba1}}
{{C|tl|貝貝因字母名稱}}
==泰諾語==
===名詞===
{{head|tnq|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|tnq|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|rif|aba}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|-}},{{inh+|rif|afa-pro|*ʔab-}}。
===發音===
{{rif-pr}}
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibabaten}}
#{{gl|我的}} [[父親]]
#: {{syn|sjs|lwalid}}
====用法說明====
在單數形式中,以 -a 或 -i 結尾的親屬稱謂若不加詞綴,則預設為第一人稱單數所有者;例如,{{m|rif|yemma||我的母親}}。若要指代其他所有者,則必須使用特定的附著代詞。
====屈折====
{{rif-infl-noun|baba|ibabaten|ibabaten}}
====參見====
{{col4|rif
|yemma<t:母親>
|mmi<t:兒子>
|yeǧi<t:女兒>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R|rif|Serhoual:2002}}
* {{R|rif|Abarrou:2024}}
{{C|rif|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==特爾納特語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|tft|[ˈba.ba]}}
===名詞===
{{head|tft|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
#: {{syn|tft|aba}}
====參考資料====
* Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.
{{C|tft|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==茨瓦納語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|tn|bnt-pro|*-bába}}。
===動詞===
{{head|tn|動詞|head=-bába}}
# {{lb|tn|不及物}} 嘗起來[[熱]]的,[[辣]]的
# {{lb|tn|不及物}} 嘗起來[[苦]]的
# {{lb|tn|不及物}} [[發癢]]
==通布卡語==
===動詞===
{{tum-verb|kubaba}}
# [[生孩子]],[[分娩]]
# [[生育]]{{gl|指男性}}
# [[背]],在背上[[攜帶]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|tum|babika|-babika|被生出}}
* {{l|tum|babiwa|-babiwa|被生出}}
* {{l|tum|cibabiro||子宮}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:tum:Turner:1996|page=4}}
==土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|tr|id=父親|:inh|ota:بابا<tr:baba>}}
{{inh+|tr|ota|بابا}}。最早見於13世紀。尼尚揚(Nişanyan)認為,目前的詞是許多語言中常見的{{onomatopoeic|tr|title=擬聲詞}}的結果。(在這方面,亦對照 {{m|mul|papa}} 和 {{m|mul|mama}} 作為父親和母親的跨語言現象。)
與以下詞彙同源:
{{cog|alt|баабый|t=小嬰兒}}、{{m|alt|папа}},
{{cog|kk|баба}},
{{cog|ba|баба}},
{{cog|uz|bobo}}、{{m|uz|buva}},
{{cog|ug|بابا|tr=baba}}、{{m|ug|بوۋا|tr=bowa}},
{{cog|tk|baba}},
{{cog|az|baba||祖父}}等。
===發音===
* {{tr-IPA}}
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-baba.wav}}
* {{hyph|tr|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|tr|名詞|定賓格|babayı|複數|babalar}}
# [[父親]]
# {{lb|tr|Bektashism}} [[聖人]]
# {{lb|tr|俚語}} [[犯罪]][[頭目]]
# {{lb|tr|俚語}} [[陰莖]],[[雞巴]]
# {{lb|tr|Bursa}} [[圓環]]
# {{ellipsis of|tr|iskele babası|t=繫船柱}}
====變格====
{{tr-infl-noun-v|a|poss=1|pred=1}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|tr|Âdem baba
|ağababa
|ana baba
|Arap Baba
|baba adam
|baba bucağı
|baba evi
|baba hindi
|baba mirası
|baba nasihati
|baba ocağı
|Baba Oruç
|baba tatlısı
|baba yadigârı
|baba yurdu
|babaanne
|babacan
|babayiğit
|ballıbaba
|büyük baba
|dağ babası
|dedebaba
|devlet baba
|efendibaba
|Gani Baba
|Gül Baba
|Haçkalı Baba
|iskele babası
|kayın baba
|Mimi Baba
|Noel baba
|paşa baba
|Şam Baba
|Somuncu Baba
|üvey baba
}}
====參見====
{{tr-family}}
===形容詞===
{{head|tr|形容詞}}
# {{lb|tr|俚語}} [[一流]]的,[[高]][[品質]]的,非常好的
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|de|baba|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:TDK}}
* {{R:tr:Aktunç|page=55a}}
* {{R:tr:Devellioğlu|page=62a}}
* {{R:tr:Püsküllüoğlu:2021|page=35}}
{{C|tr|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==土庫曼語==
{{tk-variant|c=баба|l=baba|a=بابا}}
===詞源===
{{rfe|tk}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|tk|/baːˈba/|[bɑ̝ːˈbɑ̝]|[-ˈβɑ̝]}}
* {{hyph|tk|bā|ba}}
===名詞===
{{head|tk|名詞}}
# [[外祖父]]
# 對老人的稱呼
====變格====
{{tk-decl-noun-auto|a|v}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|tk|babadaş<t:遠親>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tk:Enedilim}}
* {{R:tk:webonary}}
{{C|tk|男性家庭成員}}
==上索布語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|hsb|sla-pro|*bàba}}。
===發音===
* {{hsb-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|hsb|aba|s=2}}
* {{hyph|hsb|ba|ba}}
* {{hyph|hsb|caption=音節化|ba|ba}}
===名詞===
{{hsb-noun|f|dim=babka}}
# [[助產士]]{{gl|接生並幫助產婦的女人}}
# [[圓環蛋糕]],咕咕霍夫蛋糕
# [[老婦人]]{{gl|年長的女人}}
====變格====
{{hsb-ndecl|f}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:hsb:Mudra}}
* {{R:hsb:Soblex}}
{{C|hsb|女性家庭成員|食物|職業|懷孕|女人}}
==文達語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ve|bnt-pro|*bààbá}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ve|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|ve|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==瓦賈里語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|wbv|/papa/}}
===名詞===
{{head|wbv|名詞}}
# [[水]](不包含海水),[[雨]]
{{C|wbv|水|大氣現象}}
==西馬基安語==
===詞源===
與表禮貌的 {{m|mqs|yaya||母親}} 一起,可能借自{{der|mqs|tft|baba||父親}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mqs|/ˈba.ba/}}
===名詞===
{{head|mqs|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
====用法說明====
詞彙 {{m|mqs||baba}} 用於稱呼自己的父親,而詞彙 {{m|mqs|fao}} 則用於指代父親。
===參考資料===
* {{R:mqs:Voorhoeve:1982}}
{{C|mqs|男性家庭成員|雙親}}
==沃伊伍龍語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|wyi|bâboop}}<ref name="aov">https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/The_aborigines_of_Victoria_-_with_notes_relating_to_the_habits_of_the_natives_of_other_parts_of_Australia_and_Tasmania_%28IA_b24885228_0002%29.pdf</ref>
* {{alt|wyi|babeb}}<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250626233330/https://victoriancollections.net.au/media/collectors/52f0758a9821f40464f742c1/items/56c6908e400d0c3518d14c34/item-media/56d647b42162f11c3801984c/original.pdf</ref>
* {{alt|wyi|papa}}<ref>https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/f4512721-7645-4722-90b8-168541d38240/content</ref>
* {{alt|wyi|baban|gloss=母親}}<ref>https://djirri-djirri.com.au/</ref><ref name="aov"/><ref name="bj85">B. J. Blake, Woiwurrung: The Melbourne Language, 1991, pg85</ref>
* {{alt|wyi|pa-pa}}<ref name="aov"/>
* {{alt|wyi|babep|gloss=母親}}<ref name="bj85"/>
===名詞===
{{head|wyi|名詞}}
# [[母親]]<ref>https://deadlystory.com/page/aboriginal-country-map/Aboriginal_Country_Completed/Wurundjeri/Wurundjeri_Language</ref>
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|wyi|ba-bourn marnang|gloss=拇指}}
* {{l|wyi|bababi-djinang|gloss=大腳趾}}
===參考資料===
<references />
{{C|wyi|女性家庭成員|雙親}}
==約魯巴語==
===詞源1===
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bà.bá/}}
====名詞====
{{head|yo|名詞|head=bàbá}}
# [[父親]],[[爸爸]]
#: {{syn|yo|baba|àbá|iba|bàá|bà}}
# 對[[年長]][[男子]]、男性[[親屬]]或地位較高男子的[[尊稱]]或[[愛稱]]
# 從事特定[[職業]]的男子的[[頭銜]]{{gl|例如 {{l|yo|baba-alagbẹdẹ|bàbá-alágbẹ̀dẹ|鐵匠}}}}
=====用法說明=====
雖然 '''bàbá''' 通常與 '''baba''' 同義,但 bàbá 的定義更為嚴格。
=====同類詞彙=====
* {{l|yo|iya|ìyá|母親}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|yo
|bàbábàbá<t:祖父>
|bàbá-ìyá<t:外祖父>
|bàbá-àgbà<t:祖父;外祖父>
|Ikú bàbá-yèyé!<t:對奧約國王(Alaafin of Oyo)的歡呼>
}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bā.bā/}}
====名詞====
{{head|yo|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
#: {{syn|yo|baba|alt1=bàbá}}
# [[睿智]]的[[老人]],[[智者]],[[長者]]
#: {{syn|yo|baba|alt1=bàbá}}
# 受[[尊崇]]的或[[資深]]的[[領袖]]或[[實體]]
#: {{ux|inline=1|yo|ògòǹgò, '''baba''' ẹyẹ|鴕鳥,所有鳥類中最'''受尊崇的'''}}
# [[男性]][[祖先]]
#: {{syn|yo|baba-nla|alt1=baba-ńlá}}
# 屬於 {{l|yo|orukọ amutọrunwa|orúkọ àmútọ̀runwá}} 類的[[名字]][[前綴]],賦予被認為是男性祖先[[轉世]]的孩子(例如 {{l|yo|Babajide|Babájídé}}、{{l|yo|Babatunde|Babátúndé}})。
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|yo
|Balógun
|baálẹ̀
|baálé<t:一家之主>
|babaláwo<t:伊法(Ifa)祭司>
|baba-ńlá<t:男性祖先>
|babababa<t:祖父;外祖父>
|Baba-ìṣègùn<t:城鎮的首席治療師>
|Baba-ìyajì<t:奧約王室的王子>
|Babájídé
|baba-kékeré<t:叔伯>
|baba-nígbẹ̀ẹ́jọ́<t:教父>
|Babánùmí
|Babárímisá
|Babátúndé
|babalórìṣà<t:奧里沙(Orisha)祭司>
}}
===詞源3===
[[Image:020210821 150925 Copper cookware, early 20th century, bourgeois kitchen, Galicia, Sanok.jpg|thumb|right|Àwọn nǹkan oní'''bàbà''']]
{{chemical element box|yo}}
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bà.bà/}}
====名詞====
{{head|yo|名詞|head=bàbà}}
# [[銅]]{{gl|化學元素,Cu,原子序數29}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|yo|babaganran|bàbàganran|青銅}}
===詞源4===
[[Image:A Ghanaian Barber.jpg|thumb|right|'''Bábà''']]
{{bor+|yo|en|barber}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bá.bà/}}
====名詞====
{{head|yo|名詞|head=bábà}}
# [[理髮師]]
#: {{syn|yo|onigbajamọ|alt1=onígbàjámọ̀|agẹrun|gẹrun-gẹrun}}
===詞源5===
[[Image:Sorghum bicolor.JPG|thumb|right|'''Bàbà''']]
可能源自詞源3({{m|yo|baba|bàbà|銅}}),指高粱類似銅的顏色。
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bà.bà/}}
====名詞====
{{head|yo|名詞|head=bàbà}}
# [[高粱]],[[黍]]{{gl|特指二色高粱({{taxlink|Sorghum bicolor|species}})}}
#: {{syn|yo|ọka baba|alt1=ọkà bàbà|jero|alt2=jéró}}
# [[暗]][[紅色]],與高粱的顏色相比
#: {{syn|yo|ẹpọn|alt1=ẹpọ́n}}
===詞源6===
形容詞語義派生自擬態詞語義。
====發音====
* {{IPA|yo|/bà.bà/|/bá.bá/}}
====擬態詞====
{{head|yo|擬態詞|head=bàbà}} 或 {{head|yo|擬態詞|head=bábá}}
# {{lb|yo|指物體}} [[快速]]地[[盤旋]]
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|yo|ra baba|rá bàbà|盤旋}}
====形容詞====
{{head|yo|形容詞|head=bábá}}
# [[大量]]的,[[豐富]]的
#: {{ux|inline=1|yo|'''bábá''' owó|'''大量'''的錢}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|yo|ibaaba|ìbàábá|保密,隱私}}
{{c|yo|男性家庭成員|男人|雙親|職業|穀物|植物|顏色}}
==祖魯語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|zu|bnt-pro|*-bába}}。
====動詞====
{{head|zu|動詞|head=-bába}}
# {{lb|zu|不及物}} 嘗起來[[熱]]的,[[辣]]的
# {{lb|zu|不及物}} 嘗起來[[苦]]的
=====屈折=====
{{zu-infl-verb|H}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====名詞====
{{head|zu|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|zu|ubaba||simple|s}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zu:ZED||3.9|pos=v.}}
* {{R:zu:ZED||3-5.4|pos=voc. interj.}}
iluv0jid1y34n4i8wqs576kqdpke089
Wiktionary:统计
4
1718
9935760
9934661
2026-10-01T02:17:06Z
TongcyBot
83009
機器人:更新每日統計數據(2026-10-01)
9935760
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Interwiki}}
{{shortcut|WT:STAT}}
==基本資料==
{| class="wikitable"
! 項目 !! 資料
|-
! MediaWiki版本
| {{CURRENTVERSION}}
|-
! 詞條數量
| [[Special:Statistics|'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']]
|-
! 總頁面數
| {{NUMBEROFPAGES}}
|-
! 已編碼的語言數量
| {{#invoke:list of languages|count}}
|-
! 檔案數量
| {{NUMBEROFFILES}}
|-
! 註冊用戶數
| {{NUMBEROFUSERS}}
|-
! 活躍用戶數
| {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}
|-
! 管理員數量
| {{NUMBEROFADMINS}}
|-
! 全站頁面編輯次數
| {{NUMBEROFEDITS}}
|}
其他資料請參考[[Special:Statistics]]。
==頁面==
本表是中文维基詞典詞條数依日期到達的里程碑,以每一万个词条为单位计数。<!-- 以下內容已不再更新
* 近期統計圖表(區分機器人與一般用戶,選擇zhwiktionary_p,每日自動更新):[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0001.php 編輯次數]{{·}}[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0002.php 新增詞條數量]-->
* 目前的詞條數:'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''({{重新整理|更新}})。
{{Milestone}}
==与相邻语言版本的比较==
中文维基词典词条收录量为'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''',在所有语言版本的詞典中[[meta:Wiktionary#List of Wiktionaries|'''位列第4''']]。
{{autoStat
| 2026-09-01
| fr | mg | zh | th | el
| 6997535 | 6023134 | 2380192 | 2206521 | 1585904
| 6998238 | 6024873 | 2380554 | 2206523 | 1585917
| 7000127 | 6026546 | 2380887 | 2206607 | 1585946
| 7000656 | 6029380 | 2381509 | 2206651 | 1585971
| 7003003 | 6031154 | 2381927 | 2206689 | 1585985
| 7004167 | 6032755 | 2382273 | 2206693 | 1586008
| 7006837 | 6034370 | 2382636 | 2206694 | 1586076
| 7007218 | 6035533 | 2383103 | 2206700 | 1586104
| 7008103 | 6035941 | 2383540 | 2206787 | 1586119
| 7008906 | 6036586 | 2383959 | 2206792 | 1586128
| 7009409 | 6038227 | 2384261 | 2206803 | 1586142
| 7009787 | 6039498 | 2384800 | 2206835 | 1596586
| 7010299 | 6040280 | 2385265 | 2206838 | 1611050
| 7010652 | 6041105 | 2385801 | 2206852 | 1611062
| 7010891 | 6042008 | 2386137 | 2206856 | 1611079
| 7011114 | 6042770 | 2386453 | 2206890 | 1611165
| 7011512 | 6043840 | 2386815 | 2206977 | 1611178
| 7011875 | 6044192 | 2387177 | 2207036 | 1611191
| 7012192 | 6044642 | 2387486 | 2207045 | 1616152
| 7012627 | 6046884 | 2387788 | 2207045 | 1616861
| 7013224 | 6047546 | 2388205 | 2207131 | 1621664
| 7013869 | 6048082 | 2388988 | 2207162 | 1621699
| 7014495 | 6048392 | 2389021 | 2207187 | 1621721
| 7015177 | 6048873 | 2389437 | 2207217 | 1621746
| 7015484 | 6051500 | 2390060 | 2207218 | 1621762
| 7016417 | 6058398 | 2390641 | 2207222 | 1621777
| 7017175 | 6064817 | 2391068 | 2207245 | 1626804
| 7018084 | 6066870 | 2391703 | 2207247 | 1642410
| 7018560 | 6068253 | 2392193 | 2207247 | 1652475
| 7019074 | 6069355 | 2392720 | 2207247 | 1662451
| 7019522 | 6071464 | 2392934 | 2207248 | 1677499
| 7019915 | 6074591 | 2393234 | 2207248 | 1677514
}}
* 来源:[https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/display.php?t=wt Wikistats] 统计的具体时间为当日1时(UTC)左右,近似表示前一天的数据
* 关于里程碑,参见[[Wiktionary:宣告]]
==页面访问统计==
历史数据参见:[[Wiktionary:统计/存档]]
===总页面浏览量===
{{Collapse2|header=最近一年中文維基詞典的存取量|float=right
|{{Graph:PageViews| 365 | _ |scale=sqrt}}
}}
{{Chart
| chart = ZhWiktionary_Monthly_Pageviews_Since_2016.chart
| align = center
| title = 中文維基詞典歷年瀏覽量
}}
数据来源:[https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wiktionary.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|table|1-year|~total|monthly Total page views]
===热词===
页面浏览量最高的词条:
{{Wiktionary:統計/熱詞
|year=2024 |month=6
|t1=尛 |cat1=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v1=5,385 |m1=82.8
|t2=。 |cat2=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v2=5,355 |m2=94.4
|t3=! |cat3=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v3=3,407 |m3=74.2
|t4=凪 |cat4=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]]|v4=3,120 |m4=62.0
|t5=雫 |cat5=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v5= 3,114 |m5=64.6
|t6=又双叒叕 |cat6=[[:Category:漢語副詞|漢語副詞]] |v6=2,528 |m6=73.4
|t7=你好 |cat7=[[:Category:漢語感嘆詞|漢語感嘆詞]] |v7=2,513 |m7=41.1
|t8=昶 |cat8=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v8=2,412 |m8=56.7
|t9=肉便器 |cat9=[[:Category:漢語名詞|漢語名詞]] |v9=2,345 |m9=78.4
|t10=辻 |cat10=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v10=2,150 |m10=71.8
}}
数据来源:[https://pageviews.toolforge.org/topviews/?project=zh.wiktionary.org&platform=all-access&date={{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}&excludes= Topviews Analysis - Most viewed pages of a project]
==收录词条==
{{also|Wiktionary:统计/各语言词条}}
==参看==
*[[Special:Statistics|基本统计]]
[[Category:維基詞典統計]]
lmxtukzogqq14nhg7you211ckfwu4f9
Wiktionary:啤酒馆
4
2340
9934825
9934761
2026-09-30T12:48:35Z
Public class
107487
/* "syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字 */ 回复
9934825
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Auto-archive
| archive_after_last_comment = 60
| archive_to_subpage = %Y档案
}}
{{/header}}
{{Easy Archive|to=Wiktionary:啤酒馆/{{CURRENTYEAR}}档案}}
<!-- 请于此线以下讨论,请不要移除上面的模板。谢谢。 -->
== Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Dear community members,
Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context.
If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories.
Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]].
More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]].
For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org.
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== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''
Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br>
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''
The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.
For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
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== Lua错误 ==
*請協助修正,詳見:[https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?limit=500&search=Lua%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF&title=Special:Search&profile=default&ns0=1]
[[User:P1ayer|P1ayer]]([[User talk:P1ayer|留言]]) 2026年8月20日 (四) 00:45 (UTC)
:造成錯誤的原因太多了,沒辦法一次處理過來。如果能指明具體模板模組參數太舊、需要批量更新,這個我可以幫忙。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年8月26日 (三) 17:30 (UTC)
== 台灣分會2026年8月對話時間 ==
<div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 1px solid #b29bd7; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;">
<div style="flex: 1;">
<div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div>
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年8月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''8/28 (五) 19:00'''舉行,<br>
參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br>
協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br>
本月討論主題將討論今年的'''維基愛古蹟'''活動,這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加!
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|留言]]) 2026年8月28日 (五) 11:03 (UTC)
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 1rem;">
[[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]]
</div>
</div>
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== [[Template:reflist]] ==
英語維基詞典於近日進行了全站替換,將 {{code|<nowiki><references/></nowiki>}} 更新為 {{tl|reflist}},理由包括更方便抓漏報錯、語法更乾淨、與維基百科接軌等。詳情請見[[:en:Wiktionary:Beer_parlour/2026/August#Mass-addition_of_reflist]]。
為保持與 enwt 的同步及後續模組更新的相容性,本站將跟進此項變更。在此通知社群:未來在建立新條目或維護既有頁面時,請統一改用 {{tl|reflist}} 來整理參考文獻。若對此項作業有任何技術疑慮或意見,請於數日內於本討論串提出;若無異議,變更作業將如期展開。感謝!<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年8月29日 (六) 06:50 (UTC)
== 台灣分會2026年9月對話時間 ==
<div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 1px solid #b29bd7; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;">
<div style="flex: 1;">
<div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div>
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年9月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''9/20 (日) 14:00'''舉行,<br>
參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br>
協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br>
本月討論主題將討論下半年開跑的'''志工招募計畫''',這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加!
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|留言]]) 2026年9月15日 (二) 04:39 (UTC)
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 1rem;">
[[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]]
</div>
</div>
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== 伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式 ==
<section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks">
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|閱讀本消息的其他語言版本]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
[[foundation:|維基媒體基金會]]即將切换数据中心之间的路由。 这项举措能够确保维基百科以及其他的维基媒体项目可以在经受灾害冲击时依然维持线上运作。
所有流量将在'''{{#time:Y年n月j日|2026-09-23|zh}}'''进行切换。 本次測試將會在'''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''開始。
因[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]]系统限制,切换期间将短期无法进行编辑。 我們在此對您的不便致以歉意,並努力將其影響減至最低。
每一個維基將會在此行動發生的30分鐘之前顯示一個通告。 該通告將持續顯示,直到行動結束。
您可以幫忙[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate 翻譯或校對]通告文字。
'''期间您可以阅读但暂时无法编辑所有的维基。'''
* {{#time:Y年n月j日|2026-09-23|zh}},您大約有一个小时的时间不能进行编辑。
* 届时编辑条目或保存更改时将出现错误信息。 我们希望过程中没有编辑丢失,但无法确保。 如果您看到错误消息,请耐心等待一切恢复正常, 然后保存您的编辑。 保存前请先另行复制一份您的修改,以防万一。
'''其他影響''':
* 后台作业变慢,有些可能被丢弃。 紅鏈可能無法像平時一樣即時更新。 如果您建立了一个新条目,而该条目的名称此前已经在其他页面显示为红色的内部链接,则该链接需要更长的时间才会被更新为蓝色。 一些长时间运行的脚本将停止。
* 我們預期代碼部署將如同往常一般進行。 不過,部分個案代碼可能因操作需要而暫時凍結。
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]]會暫停服務,為時約90分鐘。
如有必要,此项目有可能推迟。 您可以[[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|在wikitech.wikimedia.org阅读计划]]。 任何變化都將會在這份计划书中更新。
'''请把这个通知分享给您的社区。'''</div><section end="server-switch"/>
[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 2026年9月15日 (二) 12:58 (UTC)
<!-- 信息由 User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 -->
== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''
Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/>
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).
We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/>
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]
The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''.
Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]
Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 2026年9月25日 (五) 12:48 (UTC)
<!-- 信息由 User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31081007 -->
== "syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字 ==
<nowiki>{{ant|zh|一竅不通}}</nowiki> 現在只顯示繁體字。 [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 09:07 (UTC)
:@[[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]] 可能是 [[Module:Links]] 的問題? [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 09:53 (UTC)
::* [[Module:Languages]] 第 1721 行需要將 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function Language:generateForms(text, sc)</syntaxhighlight> 更新成 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function Language:generateAlternants(text, sc)</syntaxhighlight>
::* 以及 [[Module:Links]] 第 1206 行需要將 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">data[param] = lang:generateForms(data[param])</syntaxhighlight> 更新成 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">data[param] = lang:generateAlternants(data[param])</syntaxhighlight>
::我沒有權限更改,請管理員更新一下代碼。 [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 12:48 (UTC)
cystu9dpzpmkkkd5pvv4apbiuz8mvy8
9934827
9934825
2026-09-30T12:50:23Z
Public class
107487
/* "syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字 */
9934827
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Auto-archive
| archive_after_last_comment = 60
| archive_to_subpage = %Y档案
}}
{{/header}}
{{Easy Archive|to=Wiktionary:啤酒馆/{{CURRENTYEAR}}档案}}
<!-- 请于此线以下讨论,请不要移除上面的模板。谢谢。 -->
== Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Dear community members,
Greetings from the EWOC Newsletter team and the education team at Wikimedia Foundation. We are very excited to share that we on tenth years of Education Newsletter ([[m:Education/News|This Month in Education]]) invite you to join us by [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|subscribing to the newsletter on your talk page]] or by [[m:Education/News/Newsroom|sharing your activities in the upcoming newsletters]]. The Wikimedia Education newsletter is a monthly newsletter that collects articles written by community members using Wikimedia projects in education around the world, and it is published by the EWOC Newsletter team in collaboration with the Education team. These stories can bring you new ideas to try, valuable insights about the success and challenges of our community members in running education programs in their context.
If your affiliate/language project is developing its own education initiatives, please remember to take advantage of this newsletter to publish your stories with the wider movement that shares your passion for education. You can submit newsletter articles in your own language or submit bilingual articles for the education newsletter. For the month of January the deadline to submit articles is on the 20th January. We look forward to reading your stories.
Older versions of this newsletter can be found in the [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|complete archive]].
More information about the newsletter can be found at [[m:Education/News/Publication Guidelines|Education/Newsletter/About]].
For more information, please contact spatnaik{{@}}wikimedia.org.
------
<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[User:ZI Jony|<span style="color:#8B0000">'''ZI Jony'''</span>]] [[User talk:ZI Jony|<sup><span style="color:Green"><i>(Talk)</i></span></sup>]], {{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>#time:l G:i, d F Y|}} (UTC)</div></div>
</div>
<!-- 信息由 User:ZI Jony@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/Awareness_of_Education_Newsletter/List_of_Village_Pumps&oldid=21244129 -->
== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''
Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br>
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''
The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.
For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
</div>
<!-- 信息由 User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 -->
== Lua错误 ==
*請協助修正,詳見:[https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?limit=500&search=Lua%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF&title=Special:Search&profile=default&ns0=1]
[[User:P1ayer|P1ayer]]([[User talk:P1ayer|留言]]) 2026年8月20日 (四) 00:45 (UTC)
:造成錯誤的原因太多了,沒辦法一次處理過來。如果能指明具體模板模組參數太舊、需要批量更新,這個我可以幫忙。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年8月26日 (三) 17:30 (UTC)
== 台灣分會2026年8月對話時間 ==
<div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 1px solid #b29bd7; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;">
<div style="flex: 1;">
<div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div>
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年8月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''8/28 (五) 19:00'''舉行,<br>
參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br>
協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br>
本月討論主題將討論今年的'''維基愛古蹟'''活動,這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加!
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|留言]]) 2026年8月28日 (五) 11:03 (UTC)
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 1rem;">
[[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]]
</div>
</div>
<!-- 信息由 User:NHC@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wikimedia_Taiwan_Office_Time/List&oldid=30591377 -->
== [[Template:reflist]] ==
英語維基詞典於近日進行了全站替換,將 {{code|<nowiki><references/></nowiki>}} 更新為 {{tl|reflist}},理由包括更方便抓漏報錯、語法更乾淨、與維基百科接軌等。詳情請見[[:en:Wiktionary:Beer_parlour/2026/August#Mass-addition_of_reflist]]。
為保持與 enwt 的同步及後續模組更新的相容性,本站將跟進此項變更。在此通知社群:未來在建立新條目或維護既有頁面時,請統一改用 {{tl|reflist}} 來整理參考文獻。若對此項作業有任何技術疑慮或意見,請於數日內於本討論串提出;若無異議,變更作業將如期展開。感謝!<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2026年8月29日 (六) 06:50 (UTC)
== 台灣分會2026年9月對話時間 ==
<div style="padding: 1.2rem 1rem; background: #f8f5ff; border: 1px solid #b29bd7; margin:1em 0; font-size: 1.08em; display: flex; align-items: center;">
<div style="flex: 1;">
<div style="font-size:x-large; padding-bottom:5px;">'''社群疑難雜症找協會!'''</div>
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan|台灣維基媒體協會]]2026年9月的[[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikimedia Taiwan Office Time|對話時間]],訂於台灣時間'''9/20 (日) 14:00'''舉行,<br>
參與連結為 https://meet.google.com/qiv-ctih-sse 。<br>
協會到底在做什麼?如果你覺得協會存在感超低,有事都找不到人,把握這次的對話機會!這是一個定期舉辦的服務時段,由協會秘書長親自主持,有問題馬上解決。協會會分享目前進行中的專案與計劃,也邀請社群朋友分享想法、反映需求,彼此開講、一起討論。<br>
本月討論主題將討論下半年開跑的'''志工招募計畫''',這是將是讓你深入了解協會運作並參與交流的絕佳機會!快來一起參加!
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|留言]]) 2026年9月15日 (二) 04:39 (UTC)
</div>
<div style="margin-left: 1rem;">
[[File:Wikimedia Taiwan.svg|160px|alt=|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Taiwan]]
</div>
</div>
<!-- 信息由 User:NHC@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wikimedia_Taiwan_Office_Time/List&oldid=30591377 -->
== 伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式 ==
<section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks">
[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|閱讀本消息的其他語言版本]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
[[foundation:|維基媒體基金會]]即將切换数据中心之间的路由。 这项举措能够确保维基百科以及其他的维基媒体项目可以在经受灾害冲击时依然维持线上运作。
所有流量将在'''{{#time:Y年n月j日|2026-09-23|zh}}'''进行切换。 本次測試將會在'''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''開始。
因[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]]系统限制,切换期间将短期无法进行编辑。 我們在此對您的不便致以歉意,並努力將其影響減至最低。
每一個維基將會在此行動發生的30分鐘之前顯示一個通告。 該通告將持續顯示,直到行動結束。
您可以幫忙[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate 翻譯或校對]通告文字。
'''期间您可以阅读但暂时无法编辑所有的维基。'''
* {{#time:Y年n月j日|2026-09-23|zh}},您大約有一个小时的时间不能进行编辑。
* 届时编辑条目或保存更改时将出现错误信息。 我们希望过程中没有编辑丢失,但无法确保。 如果您看到错误消息,请耐心等待一切恢复正常, 然后保存您的编辑。 保存前请先另行复制一份您的修改,以防万一。
'''其他影響''':
* 后台作业变慢,有些可能被丢弃。 紅鏈可能無法像平時一樣即時更新。 如果您建立了一个新条目,而该条目的名称此前已经在其他页面显示为红色的内部链接,则该链接需要更长的时间才会被更新为蓝色。 一些长时间运行的脚本将停止。
* 我們預期代碼部署將如同往常一般進行。 不過,部分個案代碼可能因操作需要而暫時凍結。
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]]會暫停服務,為時約90分鐘。
如有必要,此项目有可能推迟。 您可以[[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|在wikitech.wikimedia.org阅读计划]]。 任何變化都將會在這份计划书中更新。
'''请把这个通知分享给您的社区。'''</div><section end="server-switch"/>
[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 2026年9月15日 (二) 12:58 (UTC)
<!-- 信息由 User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 -->
== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''
Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/>
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).
We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/>
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]
The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''.
Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]
Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 2026年9月25日 (五) 12:48 (UTC)
<!-- 信息由 User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki 发送,使用的列表为 https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31081007 -->
== "syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字 ==
<nowiki>{{ant|zh|一竅不通}}</nowiki> 現在只顯示繁體字。 [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 09:07 (UTC)
:@[[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]] 可能是 [[Module:Links]] 的問題? [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 09:53 (UTC)
::* [[Module:Languages]] 第 1721 行需要將 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function Language:generateForms(text, sc)</syntaxhighlight> 更新成 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">function Language:generateAlternants(text, sc)
local generate_alternants = self._data.generate_alternants
if generate_alternants == nil then
return {text}
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
return require("Module:" .. generate_alternants).generateAlternants(text, self, sc)
end
</syntaxhighlight>
::* 以及 [[Module:Links]] 第 1206 行需要將 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">data[param] = lang:generateForms(data[param])</syntaxhighlight> 更新成 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">data[param] = lang:generateAlternants(data[param])</syntaxhighlight>
::我沒有權限更改,請管理員更新一下代碼。 [[User:Public class|Public class]]([[User talk:Public class|留言]]) 2026年9月30日 (三) 12:48 (UTC)
57mlpe7he66erx3r21sekhas2wlom6u
jargon
0
2614
9935226
9165011
2026-09-30T16:16:27Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935226
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|Jargon}}
==英語==
===發音===
* {{a|en|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/}}
* {{a|en|GA}} {{IPA|en|/ˈdʒɑɹ.ɡən/}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-jargon.ogg|音頻 (標準英式)}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)ɡən|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|en|jar|gon}}
===詞源1===
源自{{inh|en|enm|jargoun}}、{{m|enm|jargon}},源自{{etyl|fro|en}} {{m|fro|jargon}},{{m|fro|gargon}}、{{m|fro|gargun||談話,對話}}的變體。
====名詞====
{{en-noun|~}}
# [[土語]],[[方言]]
# [[行話]],[[黑話]],[[專業]][[術語]]
#* {{RQ:Macaulay History of England|volume=I|chapter=I|page=11|passage=They [the Normans] abandoned their native speech, and adopted the French tongue, in which Latin was the predominant element. They speedily raised their new language to a dignity and importance which it had never before possessed. They found it a barbarous '''jargon'''; they fixed it in writing; and they employed it in legislation, in poetry, and in romance.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Ian Hodder|title=Archaeological Theory Today|year=2014|passage=In fact all the competing theories have developed their own specialized '''jargons''' and have a tendency to be difficult to penetrate.}}
# {{lb|en|不可數}} [[胡話]]
=====近義詞=====
* {{sense|行話,黑話}} {{l|en|argot}}, {{l|en|cant}}, {{l|en|intalk}}
* {{l|en|vernacular}}
=====派生詞=====
{{rel-top3|派生詞}}
* {{l|en|jargonaut}}
* {{l|en|jargoneer}}
{{rel-mid3}}
* {{l|en|jargonist}}
* {{l|en|jargonistic}}
{{rel-mid3}}
* {{l|en|jargonization}}
* {{l|en|jargonize}}
{{rel-bottom}}
====動詞====
{{en-verb}}
# [[胡言亂語]]
#* {{RQ:Carlyle French Revolution|volume=III|book=III|chapter=Fatherland in Danger|page=184|passage=Prussian Trenck, the poor subterranean Baron, '''jargons''' and jangles in an unmelodious manner.}}
#* {{RQ:Longfellow Tales of a Wayside Inn|poem=The Poet’s Tale. The Birds of Killingworth.|page=195|passage=[T]he noisy jay, / '''Jargoning''' like a foreigner at his food; {{...}}}}
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{en-noun|~}}
# {{alternative form of|en|jargoon|t=[[黃]][[鋯石]]}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{pedia|lang=en}}
* {{projectlink|1911|Jargon}}
* {{R:Keywords|page=174}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|nl|fro|jargon|t=談話,對話}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/jɑrˈɣɔn/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-jargon.ogg|Audio}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|jar|gon}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|n|-s|+}}
# [[行話]]
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fi|en|jargon}}。
===發音===
{{fi-pronunciation}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# [[行話]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-risti|jargon|||a|i=0}}
==法語==
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
===詞源1===
源自{{inh|fr|fro|jargon}}、{{m|fro|gargun||鳥嘰喳的叫聲}},源自詞根 *''garg'',表示喉嚨發出的聲音。參見{{m|fr|gargouille}}、{{m|fr|gargariser}}、{{m|fr|gargoter}}。
詞首音 /ʒ/ 是 /g/ 的軟化,類似{{m|fr|jambe}}。
====名詞====
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[行話]]
# 難[[懂]]的話
=====派生詞=====
* {{l|fr|jargonner}}
* {{l|fr|jargonnesque}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|žargon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|jargon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|jargon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eo|ĵargono}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Jargon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|zsargon}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|жаргон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|żargon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|jargão}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|жарго́н|g=m}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|жа̀рго̄н|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|žàrgōn|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|es|jerga|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|jargong}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|jargon}}
{{bottom}}
===詞源2===
源自{{bor|fr|it|giargone}}。{{doublet|fr|zircon}}。
====名詞====
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[黃]][[鋯石]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|ca|jargó|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|jargoon|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Jargon|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|γιαρκόν|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|жарго́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|жаргон|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|žargon|sclang=1}}, {{l|sh|jargon}}
* {{desc|es|jergón|bor=1}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
{{topics|fr|寶石}}
==中古英語==
===名詞===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{alternative form of|enm|jargoun}}
==古法語==
===名詞===
{{fro-noun|m}}
# [[談話]],[[對話]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|fr|jargon}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ro|fr|jargon}}。
===名詞===
{{ro-noun|n|jargoane}}
# [[行話]]
====變格====
{{ro-noun-n|pl=jargoane}}
==土耳其語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|tr|fr|jargon}}。
===名詞===
{{tr-noun|u|lar}}
# [[行話]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|tr|argo}}
==沃拉普克語==
===名詞===
{{head|vo|名詞}}
# [[胡話]]
# [[行話]]
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{{also|Lynx}}
==英語==
[[Image:Linces12.jpg|thumb|''[[Lynx pardinus]]'']]
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===詞源===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*lewk-}}
{{inh+|en|enm|lynx}}、{{m|enm|linx}}、{{m|enm|lenx}}、{{m|enm|lynce}},來自{{der|en|la|lynx}},來自{{der|en|grc|λύγξ}},來自{{der|en|ine-pro|*lewk-||白,光,明亮}},因為貓的眼睛會發亮,能在黑暗中看見東西。中世紀時,這種動物在英國滅絕,因此導致{{cog|en|los}}、{{m|en|loz|t=猞猁}}沒有繼續使用;{{cog|enm|lusk|t=猞猁}},來自{{cog|ang|lox|t=猞猁}}。
===發音===
* {{enPR|lĭngks}}、{{IPA|en|/lɪŋks/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-lynx.ogg|音頻 (美國)}}
* {{homophones|en|links}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪŋks|s=1}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|*|+}}
# [[猞猁]]
====下位語====
* [[bobcat]]
* [[Canada lynx]]
* [[Eurasian lynx]]
* [[Iberian lynx]]
====衍生詞====
{{der2|en
|Canada lynx|Canadian lynx|green lynx spider|Issoire lynx|lynx spider|lynx-eyed|red lynx
|desert lynx
|African lynx
|Eurasian lynx
|Iberian lynx
|{{vern|Persian lynx}}
|{{vern|jungle lynx}}|common lynx|European lynx|marsh lynx
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{specieslite|i=1|Lynx}}
{{C|en|貓科動物}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|nl|dum|linx}},來自{{der|nl|la|lynx}},來自{{der|nl|grc|λύγξ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/lɪŋks/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-lynx.ogg|audio}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|lynx}}
* {{rhyme|nl|ɪŋks}}
* {{homophone|nl|links}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}
# [[猞猁]]
====同義詞====
* {{l|nl|los}} {{qualifier|過時}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|nl|Canadese lynx}}
* {{l|nl|Europese lynx}}
* {{l|nl|Iberische lynx}}
* {{l|nl|pardellynx}}
* {{l|nl|rode lynx}}
* {{l|nl|Spaanse lynx}}
* {{l|nl|woestijnlynx}}
{{C|nl|貓科動物}}
==法語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fr|la|-}},來自{{uder|fr|grc|λύγξ}}。{{doublet|fr|once}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-lynx.ogg|audio}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[猞猁]]
#: {{syn|fr|loup-cervier}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|fr
|lynx boréal
|lynx commun
|lynx d'Eurasie
|lynx ibérique
|lynx pard
|lynx pardelle
|lynx d'Europe
|lynx d'Espagne
|lynx du Canada
|lynx roux
|œil de lynx}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|la|grc|λύγξ}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|lynx<3>|g=m|g2=f}}
# [[猞猁]]
#: {{ux|la|Colla '''lyncum'''.|'''猞猁'''的脖子。}}
#* {{w|賀拉斯}}《[[w:en:Odes (Horace)|頌詩集]]》([http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0893,001:2:13 拉丁語原文,附英語翻譯])
#*: ''Quin et Prometheus et Pelopis parens''
#*: ''dulci laborem decipitur sono''
#*: ''nec curat Orion leones''
#*: ''aut timidos agitare '''lyncas'''''
#*:: Prometheus too and Pelops' sire
#*:: In listening lose the sense of woe;
#*:: Orion hearkens to the lyre,
#*:: And lets the '''lynx''' and lion go.
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|lynx<3>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|la-vul|*luncea}}
====派生詞====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|ast|lince|bor=1}}
* {{desc|br|lińs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|linx|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dum|linx|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nl|lynx}}
* {{desctree|enm|lynx|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|linko|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|once}}
** {{desc|pt|onça|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|lynx|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|linx|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|linç|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|lince|bor=1}}
* {{desc|io|linco|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ia|lynce|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ga|lincse|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|lonza}};{{desc|it|lince|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|oc|linx|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|lince|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|qu|linsi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sc|linci|lintze}}
* {{desc|gd|lioncs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|scn|linci|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|lince|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sw|linksi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|lenze|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cy|lyncs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fy|lynks|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|貓科動物}}
==中古英語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|enm|linx|lenx}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|enm|la|lynx}},來自{{der|enm|grc|λύγξ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|enm|/links/|[liŋks]}}
===名詞===
{{enm-noun|lenxis|pl2=lynces}}
# [[猞猁]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|en|lynx}}
* {{desc|sco|lynx}} {{qual|棄用}}
====來源====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=linx |pos=n |id=MED25695 |accessdate=2018-08-24}}
{{C|enm|貓科動物}}
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==[[意大利语]]==
星星、星
[[Category:意大利语]]
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*h₂eHs-}}
来自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*stērolā}},來自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₂stḗr}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|stēlla}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|stēlla<1>}}
# 星星
====Inflection====
{{la-ndecl|stēlla<1>}}
====派生詞語====
{{col3|la
|Stēlla
|stēllāris
|stēllātus
|stēllifer
|stēlliger
|stēlliō
|stēllō
|stēllimicāns
|stēllula}}
====相關詞語====
* {{l|la|stēllāns}}
* {{l|la|stēllāre}}
* {{l|la|stēllātūra}}
====派生语汇====
{{des-top}}
* {{desc|da|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|egl|strèla}}
* {{desc|en|stella|bor=1}}, {{desc|en|Stella|nolang=1}}
* {{desctree|eo|stelo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fo|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|is|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ia|stella|bor=1}}
* 意大利-达尔马提亚语:
** {{desc|co|[[stella]], [[stedda]], [[stidda]]|bor=1}}
** {{desc|dlm|[[stala]], [[stalla]]}}
** {{desc|ist|stila}}
** {{desc|it|stella|bor=1}}, {{desc|it|Stella|nolang=1}}
** {{desctree|nap|stella|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|scn|stidda|bor=1}}
* 納瓦拉-阿拉貢語:
** {{desc|an|estrela}}
* {{desctree|fro|estoile}}
* 古萊昂語:
** {{desc|ast|estrella}}
** {{desc|ext|estrella}}
** {{desc|roa-leo|estrella}}
** {{desc|mwl|streilha}}
* {{desctree|pro|stella|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|roa-opt|estrela}}
* {{desctree|osp|estrella}}
* {{desc|pms|[[stèila]], [[steila]]}}
* 巴尔干拉丁语:
** {{desc|rup|[[steauã]], [[steauo]], [[stiau]]}}
** {{desc|ruo|ste}}
** {{desc|ruq|steau̯ă}}
** {{desc|ro|stea}}
* 雷托-羅曼語:
** {{desc|fur|stele}}
** {{desc|lld|stëila}}
** {{desc|rm|[[staila]], [[steila]], [[stéla]]}}
* 萨丁尼亚语:
** 坎皮達諾:{{desc|sc|steddu|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|stella|nolang=1|bor=1}}
** 加盧拉:{{desc|sc|stedda|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|istella|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|stella|nolang=1|bor=1}}
** 洛古多羅:{{desc|sc|isteddu|nolang=1}}
** 努奧羅:{{desc|sc|isteddu|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|istella|nolang=1}}
** 薩薩里:{{desc|sc|isthella|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|sthella|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|Estela|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|Stella|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|stéła}}
* {{desc|vo|stel|bor=1}}
{{des-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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{{also|Gravis}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|gravar}}
==捷克語==
===名詞===
{{cs-noun|m-in}}
# [[重音符]],[[抑音符]]{{gloss|變音符號「`」}}
#: {{syn|cs|obrácená čárka}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KNLA}}
* {{R:ASCS}}
==世界語==
===動詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{eo-form of|grav|is}}
==芬蘭語==
===發音===
{{fi-p|gra(:)vis}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# [[重音符]],[[抑音符]]{{gloss|變音符號「`」}}
====變格====
{{fi-decl-vastaus|gravi|a}}
==法語==
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA|pos=v}}
===動詞===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gravir||1|s|pres|indc}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gravir||2|s|pres|indc}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gravir||1|s|phis}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gravir||2|s|phis}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gravir||2|s|impr}}
===分詞===
{{head|fr|過去分詞變格形}}
# {{masculine plural past participle of|fr|gravir|nocat=1}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|givras}}
==拉丁語==
===替代形式===
* {{alter|la|grauis}}
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*gʷreh₂-}}
繼承自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*gʷréh₂us}},在拉丁-法利希語從薩貝里克語分裂出來之後的某個時候變成了 i-詞幹形容詞。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|head=gravis|page=272}}</ref>和{{cog|grc|βαρύς}}、{{cog|got|𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃|t=重}}、{{cog|fa|گران|tr=gerân}}、{{cog|sa|गुरु|tr=gurú}} 同源。參見 {{cog|la|brūtus}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-gravis.ogg|音頻(古典)}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|gravis|comp=gravior|sup=gravissimus|adv=graviter}}
# [[重]]的
# [[困難]]的,[[麻煩]]的
# [[嚴重]]的
# (味道)[[強烈]]的,[[惡臭]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|gravis}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|la
|accentus gravis
|gravēdō
|gravidus
|gravitās
|gravitūdō
|gravō
|gravis onus
|cithara gravis}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|greu}}
* {{desc|fur|grevi}}, {{l|fur|grivi}}
* {{desc|it|greve}}
* {{desctree|it|grave|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lld|grief}}
* {{desc|frm|grave|lbor=1}}
** {{desc|en|grave|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|grave}}
* {{desc|fro|greve}}
* {{desc|fro|grief}}, {{l|fro|gref}} {{qualifier|或源自 {{m|fro|grever}},源自拉丁語 {{m|la|gravō}}}}
** {{desc|fr|grief}}
** {{desc|dum|grief|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|nl|grief}}
** {{desc|enm|greef|bor=1}}, {{l|enm|gref}}
*** {{desc|en|grief}}
* {{desc|pro}}
** {{desc|ca|greu}}
** {{desc|oc|grèu}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|grave}}
** {{desc|pt|grave}}
* {{desc|osp|grave}}; {{l|osp|grieve}} {{qualifier|源自通俗拉丁語}}
** {{desc|es|grave}}
* {{desc|ro|greu}}; {{desc|ro|grav|bor=1|nolang=1}} {{qualifier|亦源自法語}}
* {{desc|rm|greav}}, {{l|rm|greiv}}, {{l|rm|grev}}
* {{desc|scn|gravi}}
* {{desc|sv|grav|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|greve}}, {{l|vec|gref}}, {{l|vec|grevo}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*moljes}},詞源不明;有人认为可能來自{{m|la|mollior}},{{m|la|mollis||柔軟的,溫柔的}}的比较级,而也有人认为可能類似於{{m|la|mulgere}},因此意为“产奶者”。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|mulier/mulier<3>|g=f}}
# 女人,妻子
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|mulier/mulier<3>}}
====派生詞語====
{{col4|la
|muliebris
|muliebritās
|muliebriter
|muliebrōsus
|mulierārius
|muliercula
|mulierculārius
|mulieritās
|mulierō
|mulierōsitās
|mulierōsus
}}
====派生语汇====
{{top4}}
* 巴尔干-罗曼语:
** {{desc|rup|muljari}}, {{l|rup|muljeari}}, {{l|rup|muyieri}}
** {{desc|ruo|muľerĕ}}
** {{desc|ruq|mul'ari}}
** {{desc|ro|muiere}}
* 达尔马提亚语:
** {{desc|dlm|mojer|nolang=1}}, {{l|dlm|molier}}, {{l|dlm|mulir}}
* 意大利-罗曼语:
** {{desc|it|moglie}}, </br>{{l|it|mogliera}} {{qual|塞內塞}}, </br>{{l|it|muglieri}} {{qual|古盧凱塞}}
** {{desc|nap|mugliera}}
** {{desc|scn|mugghieri}}
* 薩丁尼亞語:
** {{desc|sc-sro|mulleri}}
** {{desc|sc-src|muzere}}
* 帕達尼亞语:
** {{desc|egl|mujer}}, {{l|egl|mujera}}
** {{desc|fur|muîr}}
** {{desc|ist|muier}}
** 古{{desc|lij|moier}}
** 古{{desc|lmo|muglier}}
*** {{desc|lmo|mié}}
*** {{desc|rm|muglier|bor=1|unc=1}} <!-- 'Probably', per the FEW entry. -->
** {{desc|pms|mujé}}
** {{desc|vec|mojer}}, {{l|vec|mojere}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語:
** 古法兰克普罗旺斯语:[[moillier]], [[muillier]]
*** {{desc|frp|muillier}}
** {{desc|fro|muiler}}, {{l|fro|moylier}}, {{l|fro|muillier}}, {{l|fro|mulier}}, {{l|fro|moillier}}
*** {{desc|frm|muillier}}, {{l|frm|molier}} {{qual|只出現过一次}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desc|roa-oca|muy(l)ler}}, {{l|roa-oca|muller}}, {{l|roa-oca|muyer}}, {{l|roa-oca|muler}}<ref>https://dcvb.iec.cat/results.asp?word=muller</ref>
*** {{desc|ca|muller}}
** {{desc|pro|molher}}
*** {{desc|oc|molhèr}}
*** {{desc|frm|moulhé|bor=1}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語:
** {{desc|an|muller}}
** {{desc|ast|muyer}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|moller}}
*** {{desc|gl|mulher}}, {{l|gl|muller}}
*** {{desc|pt|mulher}}
** {{desc|osp|mugier}}, {{l|osp|muger}}
*** {{desc|lad|מוּז׳יר|tr=mujer}}
*** {{desc|es|mujer}}
* 借词:
** {{desc|en|mulier|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
g5dndji1dvay26k7w54f5liyu0arwmg
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{{also|Silva|silvă}}
==英语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|en|la|silva}}。{{doublet|en|selva}}。
===名词===
{{en-noun|s|silvae}}
# {{lb|en|林業}} [[森林]]里的[[树]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1909|title=The Trees of California|author=Willis Linn Jepson|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=JP4ovM_oa38C&pg=PA13|page=13
|passage=The most interesting and striking features of the '''silva''' of California relate to its composition, the geographical distribution of the species and their biological history.}}
====其他形式====
* {{l|en|sylva}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|en|sylvan}} {{qual|更多相关词汇见该词条}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ailsv|Alvis|Livas|Salvi|Slavi|Sliva|Vasil|Vials|Vilas|vails|valis|vials|vilas}}
==加利西亚语==
[[File:Brambles eastwards outside the Woodland Trust wood Theydon Bois Essex England.JPG|thumb|Silvas]]
===词源===
源自古加利西亚语/{{inh|gl|roa-opt|silva}},源自{{der|gl|la|silva|t=森林}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|gl|/ˈsilβa̝/}}
===名词===
{{gl-noun|f}}
# [[黑莓]][[灌木]]
#* '''1460''', José Antonio Souto Cabo (ed.), ''Crónica de Santa María de Íria''. Santiago: Ediciós do Castro, page 101:
#*: ''vijã grande[s] lumes de candeas arder de noyte et de dia en huũ monte muy espeso de muytas aruores et '''siluas''', a oyto mjlias de Yria''
#*:: they saw large candle fires, burning day and night, in a very close forest, of trees and '''bambles''', eight milles from Iria
#* '''1884''', Marcial Valladares Núñez, ''Diccionario gallego-castellano'', s.v. ''silva'':
#*: ''Tente, '''silva'''; non me prendas, que n'estou n'a miña tèrra'' (传统歌曲)
# {{lb|gl|古旧}} [[森林]]
====相关词汇====
{{top4}}
* {{l|gl|Silva}}
* {{l|gl|silva madre}}
* {{l|gl|Silvaboa}}
* {{l|gl|Silvachá}}
* {{l|gl|Silvadrosa}}
* {{l|gl|Silvaescura}}
* {{l|gl|Silval}}
* {{l|gl|silvar}}
* {{l|gl|Silvar}}
* {{l|gl|Silvares}}
* {{l|gl|Silvarredonda}}
* {{l|gl|silveira}}
* {{l|gl|Silveira}}
* {{l|gl|Silveira Vella}}
* {{l|gl|Silvela}}
* {{l|gl|Silvosa}}
* {{l|gl|Silvoso}}
* {{l|gl|Silvouta}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:gl:DDGM|silua}}
* {{R:gl:CX|silua}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}
==拉丁语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|sylva}}
===词源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*sel-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*swel-||柴,木,梁,板,框,架,门}}。同源词有{{cog|grc|ὕλη||木材}}和{{cog|ang|syl||窗台,框架}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-silva.ogg|(古典)音频}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|silva<1>}}
# [[森林]]
# [[果园]],[[树林]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|silva<1>}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col5|la
| Silvānus
| silvāticus
| silvēscō
| silvestris
| silvicaedus
| silvicola
| silvicolens
| silvicomus
| silvicultrīx
| silvifragus
| silviger
| silvōsus
| silvula
| Silvia
| Silvius
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|selva|silva}}
* {{desc|ca|selva}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|silva|sylva}}
* {{desc|fr|sylve}}
* 帕達尼亞語:
** {{desc|fur|selve}}
** {{desc|rgn|sèiba|siba|sélva}}
* {{desc|gl|silva}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|ia|silva}}
* {{desc|it|selva}}
* {{desc|oc|selva}}
* {{desc|pt|silva}}、{{desctree|pt|selva|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ro|silvă}}
* {{desctree|es|selva}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
{{C|la|自然|地方}}
==葡萄牙语==
[[File:Rubus_fructicosus_owoce_646.jpg|thumb|silvas]]
===发音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{homophones|pt|Silva}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|sil|va}}
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|pt|roa-opt|silva}},源自{{der|pt|la|silva}},源自{{der|pt|ine-pro|*swel-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*sel-||山,森林}}。对比同源对似词{{doublet|pt|notext=1|selva}}和同源词{{cog|gl|silva}}。
{{IPAchar|/i/}}难以解释。语文学家{{w|lang=en|Leite de Vasconcelos}}认为该词并非直接借自拉丁语,而用和{{m|la|ligneus}}、{{m|la|pīneus}}一样的后缀构造了一个词{{m|la|[[spīna]] *silvea}},其中浊音后闭塞元音会导致重音所在的元音升调,如同{{m|pt|marisma}}和{{m|pt|sirgo}}两词内。<ref>1920, Leite de Vasconcellos, ''Revista Lusitana'', volume 23, page 188</ref>.
====名词====
{{pt-noun|f}}
# [[树莓]][[灌木]],带刺的灌木
#: {{syn|pt|espinheiro|sarça}}
# {{lb|pt|尤指}} [[黑莓]] {{gloss|''Rubus fruticosus''}}
#: {{syn|pt|amoreira|amora-silvestre|amoreira-silvestre}}
===词源 2===
====动词====
{{head|pt|動詞}}
# {{pt-verb-form-of|silvar|a}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
==罗马尼亚语==
===名词===
{{head|ro|名詞變格形|g=f}}
# {{inflection of|ro|silvă||def|s|nom}}
o868soywtd5sym8c9gvxc0zhwydan0y
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==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|la|sanguen}}
===發音===
* {{a|la|Classical}}:
** {{la-IPA|sanguīs|eccl=0|accent=保守}}
** {{la-IPA|eccl=0|accent=正規化}}
* {{la-IPA|cl=0}}
* 注:原本為長音的尾元音,在六步格詩歌中受類比影響,有時也作短元音。
===名詞===
{{la-noun|sanguis/sanguin<3>|g=m}}
# [[血]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|sanguis/sanguin<3>|title=古典拉丁語:[[Appendix:拉丁語第三類變格|第三類變格]]名詞}}
{{la-ndecl|sanguis<3.abl-e-occ-i>|title=後期通俗拉丁語:[[Appendix:拉丁語第三類變格|第三類變格]]名詞}}
====派生詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|exsanguis}}/{{l|la|exanguis}}
* {{l|la|sanguinārius}}
* {{l|la|sanguineus}}
* {{l|la|sanguinō}}
* {{l|la|sanguinolentus}}
* {{l|la|sanguinōsus}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
源自古典拉丁語賓格 {{m|la||sanguinem}}:
{{top2}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|sangre}}
** {{desc|ast|sangre}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|sangue|sangre}}
*** {{desc|fax|sangri}}
*** {{desc|gl|sangue}}
*** {{desc|pt|sangue}}
** {{desc|osp|sangne|sangre}}
*** {{desc|lad|sangre}} {{qualifier|拉丁字母}}
*** {{desc|es|sangre}}
**** {{desc|pap|sanger|sangro}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|-}}
**: {{desc|sc-sro|sàmbini|sànguni}}
**: {{desc|sc-src|sambene|sambine}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|ia|sanguine|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
源自通俗拉丁語賓格 {{m|la||sanguem}}:
{{top2}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|sãndzi|sãndze|sendzi}}
** {{desc|ruo|sănze}}
** {{desc|ruq|sǫnzi}}
** {{desc|ro|sânge}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|suang|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|sangui|sangue}}
**: {{desc|sdn|sangu}}
**: {{desc|sdc|sangu}}
** {{desc|it|sangue}}
** {{desc|nap|sango|sanco}} {{qualifier|大部分方言}}
**: Cieti: {{l|nap|sangio}}
**: San Valentino: {{l|nap|sanghe}}
**: Silano: {{l|nap|sangiuo}}
** 古{{desc|scn|sangui}}
*** {{desc|scn|sangu|sancu}}
* 北意大利語支:
** 高盧-大利語支:
*** {{desc|egl|sangeu|sanguv|sango|sanco}}
*** {{desc|lld|sango|sanc}}
*** {{desc|lij|sanghe|sangue}}
*** {{desc|lmo|sangu|sancu|sanc}}
*** {{desc|pms|sango|sanco|sanc}}
** {{desc|fur|sanc|sang}}
** 古{{desc|vec|sango}}、{{l|vec|sangue}}
*** {{desc|vec|sangue}}
** {{desc|rm|sang|saung}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fro|sanc}}
*** {{desc|fr|sang}}
**** {{desc|gcf|san}}
**** {{desc|ht|san}}
**** {{desc|eo|sango|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|io|sango|bor=1}}
** {{desc|wa|sonk}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|sang}}
** {{desc|oc|sang}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* Adams, James Noel. 2010. ''An anthology of informal Latin''. Cambridge University Press. Pages 406–407.
* {{R:roa:AIS|il sangue|88}}
* {{R:itc:EDL|sanguīs|537}}
* {{R:FEW|11|178|sanguis}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
{{C|la|體液|液體}}
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==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
[[File:EmissionNebula NGC6357.jpg|thumb|An emission nebula]]
===詞源===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*nebʰ-}}
{{bor+|en|la|nebula||小雲,薄霧}}。與{{cog|grc|νεφέλη||雲}}、{{cog|de|Nebel||薄霧,星雲}}、{{cog|non|nifl}}、{{cog|pl|niebo||天空}}、{{cog|ru|не́бо||天空}}同族。
===發音===
* {{enPR|neb'jə-lə}}、{{IPA|en|/ˈnɛbjʊlə/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-nebula.ogg|a=US}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|nebulae|s|nebulæ<l:archaic>}}
# {{lb|en|astronomy}} [[星雲]]
#: {{hypo|en|emission nebula|pulsar wind nebula|supernova remnant}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=2012|author=Chinle Miller|title=In Mesozoic Lands: The Mesozoic Geology of Arches and Canyonlands National Parks|chapter=|url=|page=|text=Approximately 5 billion years ago, our solar '''nebula''' was formed as gravitational forces pulled interstellar gas and dust into a swirling mass around out newly formed sun.|edition=Kindle}}
# {{lb|en|archaic|medicine}} [[翳]]
# {{lb|en|obsolete|medicine}} [[尿液]][[混濁]]
====衍生詞====
{{col|en
|Crab Nebula
|dark nebula
|diffuse nebula
|emission nebula
|planetary nebula
|preplanetary nebula
|protoplanetary nebula
|pulsar wind nebula
|reflection nebula
|solar nebula
|stellar nebula
}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|en|nebulosity}}
* {{l|en|nebulous}}
* {{l|en|nebular}}
====參見====
* {{l|en|plerion}}
* {{l|en|nova remnant}}
* {{l|en|supernova remnant}}
* {{l|en|Herbig-Haro object}}
* {{l|en|Bok globule}}
* {{l|en|interstellar cloud}}
* {{l|en|intergalactic cloud}}
* {{l|en|high velocity cloud}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=abelnu|Buelna|Nabeul|unable|unbale}}
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
{{der|fi|la|nebula}}。
===發音===
{{fi-p}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# {{synonym of|fi|tähtisumu}}
====變格====
{{fi-decl-kulkija|nebul|a}}
==因特語==
===名詞===
{{ia-noun|s}}
# [[霧]],[[薄霧]]
# {{lb|ia|pathology}} [[翳]]
==意大利語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|it|la|nebula}}。繼承了{{doublet|it|nebbia}}。
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# {{lb|it|archaic}} [[霧]],[[薄霧]]
# [[星雲]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|it|nebbia}}
* {{l|it|nebulizzare}}
* {{l|it|nebulosa}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*neβelā}},來自{{der|la|ine-pro|*nébʰos||雲}}。與{{cog|grc|νέφος}}、{{m|grc|νεφέλη}}、{{cog|goh|nebul}}、{{cog|sa|tr=nábhas|नभस्|}}、{{cog|cu|небо}}同源。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|page=404|head=nebula}}</ref>請注意,儘管發音和語意相似,但與{{m|la|nūbēs|t=雲}}無關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|nebula}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|nebula<1>}}
# [[霧]]
# [[雲]]
# [[蒸氣]]
# [[星雲]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|nebula<1>}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|la|cālīgō}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|la|nebulōsus}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|negurã|negure}}
* {{desc|ca|neula}}
* {{desc|frp|niola}}
** {{desc|fr|nieule}}或{{l|fr|nieulle}} {{qual|方言}}、{{l|fr|niolu}}、{{l|fr|niolerie}}
* {{desc|gl|nebra}}
* {{desc|it|nebbia}}
* {{desc|oc|nèbla}}
* {{desctree|roa-opt|nevoa}}
* {{desc|ro|negură}}
* {{desc|rm|nebla|neabla}}
* {{desc|sc|nébida|neula}}
* {{desc|scn|negghia|nìvula}}
* {{desc|es|niebla}}、{{desc|es|neblina|nolang=1|der=1}}
* {{desc|vec|nebia|nibia}}
* 借用:
** {{desc|en|nebula|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|nebula|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|nébula|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{reflist}}
{{C|la|天氣}}
736r9v6kzyj0sqnyv1oqia0k9dk326x
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{{also|Caelum}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-caelum.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===詞源1===
[[Image:Sky_with_puffy_clouds.JPG|thumb|caelum (天空)]]
不確定;可能{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*kailom}}(性別部分轉換為陽性),{{inh+|la|ine-pro||*kóh₂i-lom|全部,完整}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*koh₂i-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*kéy-}},表示“完整”,與 {{m|la|templum||部分}} 相對,與{{cog|la|caelebs}}、{{m|la|sincērus}}、{{m|la|caerimōnia}}、{{cog|ru|це́лый||全部,完整}}、{{cog|en|whole}}、{{m|en|holy}} 同源。可能與{{cog|osc|𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀||一種建築}} 同源。性別自中性至陽性的轉換不規則。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=80-81|head=caelum}}</ref>
====其他寫法====
* {{alter|la|caelus||acl|較罕用}}
* {{alter|la|cael||acl|和其他縮略形式共同見於昆图斯·恩纽斯的 {{w|lang=en|Annales (Ennius)|Annales}}}}
* {{alter|la|cælum}}
* {{alter|la|coelum|cœlum||med|new|非常常見}}
* {{alter|la|cēlum||med}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|((caelum<2.sg>,caelī<2>))|g=n|g2=m|footnote=單數是陽性時,作 ''[[caelus]]''。基督教時代之前,複數形式罕用且僅見於詩歌語,但在教會拉丁語中較常見,複數一般是陽性的。}}
# [[天空]]
# [[大氣]];[[天氣]];[[氣候]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|caelum<2>|footnote=單數是陽性時,作 ''[[caelus]]''。基督教時代之前,複數形式罕用且僅見於詩歌語,但在教會拉丁語中較常見,複數一般是陽性的。}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{der4|la
|caeles
|caelestīnus
|caelestis
|caelicola
|caelicus
|caelifer
|caelifluus
|caeligenus
|caeliger
|caeliloquus
|caelipotēns
|caelitēs
|caelitus
|caeruleus
}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|tser|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ruo|țer}}
** {{desc|ruq|țer|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ro|cer}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|cil|alts=1|nolang=1}}
* 伊斯特拉語:
** {{l|ist|sìil}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|celu}}
** {{desc|it|cielo}}
*** {{desc|eo|ĉielo|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|lmo|ciel|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pms|cel|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nap|cielo|cielu}}
** {{desc|scn|celu}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|fur|cîl}}
** {{desc|lld|ciël}}
** {{desc|lij|çê}}
** {{desc|rm|tschiel|alts=1}}
** {{desc|vec|çiél|siél|zhiélo}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|cièl|ceu}}
** {{desctree|fro|ciel}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|cielo}}
** {{desc|ca|cel}}
** {{desctree|pro|cel}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|chelu|celu}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ext|cielu}}
** {{desc|roa-ole|}}
*** {{desc|ast|cielu}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|ceu|cielu}}
*** {{desc|mwl|cielo}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|ceo}}
** {{desctree|osp|cielo}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|qiell}}
** {{desc|bor=1|eu|zeru}}
{{bottom}}
====參考資料====
{{reflist}}
===詞源2===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*kh₂eyd-}}
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*kaid(s)lom}},源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*kh₂eyd-||切,割,砍,劈}}(與 {{m|la|caedō||切割}} 同源)。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=79-80|head=caedō, -ere}}</ref>
====其他寫法====
* {{alter|la|cēlum||pcl}}
* {{alter|la|coelum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|caelum<2>}}
# [[鑿子]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|caelum<2>}}
=====相關詞彙=====
{{top3}}
* {{l|la|caedēs}}
* {{l|la|caedō}}
* {{l|la|caeduus}}
* {{l|la|caelāmen}}
* {{l|la|caelātor}}
* {{l|la|caelātūra}}
* {{l|la|caelō}}
* {{l|la|caesa}}
* {{l|la|caesim}}
* {{l|la|caesiō}}
* {{l|la|caesor}}
* {{l|la|caespes}}
* {{l|la|caesum}}
* {{l|la|caesūra}}
* {{l|la|caesus}}
{{bottom}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|en|Caelum|bor=1}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:la:L&S|<sup>1</sup>caelum|caelum1}}
* {{R:la:L&S|<sup>2</sup>caelum|caelum2}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot|1 caelum|caelum}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot|2 caelum|caelum}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{reflist}}
{{C|la|大氣|天氣|工具}}
6ke6gzjb837944b6pw7v6gx2rzsvh2b
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*h₃reǵ-}}
{{m|la|regō}}的完成式被動分詞。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|rēctus}}
===分詞===
{{la-part|rēctus|comp=rēctior|sup=rēctissimus|adv=rēctē}}
# 直的,直接的,正確的,適當的
====屈折====
{{la-adecl|rēctus}}
====派生语汇====
{{des-top}}
* {{desc|ca|recte}}
* {{desc|en|recta|bor=1}}, {{desc|en|rectus|nolang=1}}, {{desc|en|recto|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|fur|ret}}
* {{desc|it|retto}}, {{desc|it|nolang=1|ritto}}, {{desc|it|recto|nolang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|reyto}}
* {{desc|pt|reto}}
* {{desc|es|recto}}
{{des-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:la:Francese}}
[[cat:含有後綴-us的拉丁語詞]]
le2nsl6x0qvdpnutv8sddp1zvlfxvxo
ciao
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==英语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|en|it|ciao||你好;再见}},源自{{der|en|vec|ciao||您好;再见;(我是)您的侍从}},源自{{cog|vec|s-ciao}} / {{m|vec|s-ciavo||侍从,奴隶}},源自{{der|en|la-med|sclavus||斯拉夫人;奴隶}},亦与{{cog|it|schiavo}}、{{cog|en|Slav}}、{{m|en|slave}}和古威尼斯语 ''S-ciavón''(“斯拉夫人”)有关,源自{{cog|la|Sclavonia||斯洛文尼亚}}。与{{cog|vi|chào||你好;再见}}无关。
===发音===
* {{IPA|en|/tʃaʊ/}}
* {{rhymes|en|aʊ|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|chow}}
===叹词===
{{en-interj}}
# [[你好]]
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:hello}}
# [[再见]],[[拜拜]]
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:goodbye}}
===名词===
{{en-noun}}
# (使用这个单词的)[[问候语]]
#* '''2010''', Robert V. Camuto, ''Palmento: A Sicilian Wine Odyssey'' (page 16)
#*: {{...}} he excused himself, disappearing in a cloud of '''ciaos''' and operatic Italian.
#* '''2007''', Darwin Porter, Danforth Prince, ''Bahamas For Dummies'' (page 196)
#*: You hear more '''ciaos''' than hellos. Guests play bocce ball on the beach and dine on Italian and some Bahamian cuisine. Because of its strong Continental overlay, the cuisine is better here than at your typical Grand Bahama hotel.
====用法说明====
在美国和英国,一些人认为''ciao''带有炫耀语气。
===延伸阅读===
* {{pedia|lang=en}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acio|Coia|ICAO}}
{{cln|en|問候|告別}}
==巴伐利亚语==
===叹词===
{{head|bar|感嘆詞}}
# {{lb|bar|萨帕达}} [[你好]]
===参考资料===
* Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201023025421/http://www.lusern.it/documenti/Centro_documentazione/libri-depliant-att--didattica-relazioni-etc-/libri/le-nostre-parole-luserna.pdf Ünsarne Börtar], Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.
==法语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|fr|tchao}}
===词源===
源自{{etyl|it|fr}} {{m|it|ciao||你好;再见}},源自{{der|fr|vec|ciao||您好;再见;(我是)您的侍从}},源自{{cog|vec|s-ciao}} / {{m|vec|s-ciavo||侍从,奴隶}},源自{{etyl|la-med|fr}} {{m|la|sclavus||斯拉夫人,奴隶}},亦与意大利语{{m|it|schiavo}}、{{m+|it|Slav}}、{{m|it|slave}}和古威尼斯语 ''S-ciavón''(“斯拉夫人”)同源,源自{{m+|la|Sclavonia||斯洛文尼亚}}。
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA|tchao|tchaw}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-ciao.wav}}
===叹词===
{{fr-intj}}
# [[你好]]
# [[再见]]
====近义词====
* {{l|fr|adieu}}
* {{l|fr|au revoir}}
* {{l|fr|salut}}
* {{l|fr|tschüs}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
==德语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|tschau}}
===词源===
源自{{bor|de|it|ciao}},源自{{der|de|vec|ciao}},最终源自{{der|de|la|sclavus}}。{{doublet|de|Sklave|Slawe}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|[t͡ʃaʊ̯]}}
* {{audio|de|De-ciao.ogg}}
===叹词===
{{head|de|感嘆詞}}
# [[你好]]
# [[再见]]
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
==因特語==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ia|it|ciao|t=你好;再见}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ia|/ˈt͡ʃao/}}
===感嘆詞===
{{head|ia|感嘆詞}}
# [[你好]]
# [[再见]]
====近义词====
* {{l|ia|adeo}}
==意大利语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|it|vec|s-ciao}}、{{m|vec|sciavo||奴隶}}(尤用于短语{{m|vec||s-ciao vostro}},字面意思为“(我是)您的奴隶”,然而实际上意为“为您效劳”或“您的侍从”),源自{{der|it|la-med|sclavus||奴隶}}(其亦派生出标准意大利语{{m|it|schiavo}})。威尼斯语原发音作{{IPAchar|/stʃaʊ/|lang=vec}}。发展和使用类似于南部德语和中部欧洲语言中的{{m|de|servus}}。
===发音===
{{it-pr|ciào<audio:It-ciao.ogg>}}
===叹词===
{{head|it|感嘆詞}}
# [[你好]]
#: {{syn|it|[[salve]] {{qual|正式}}|buongiorno}}
# [[再见]]
#: {{syn|it|[[arrivederla]] {{qual|正式}}|arrivederci|[[ci vediamo]] {{qual|口语}}}}
#* '''Early 1940s''', written by an unknown Italian partisan, [[w:en:Bella ciao|''Bella Ciao'']] (''Goodbye, beautiful!''):
#*: {{quote|it|È questo il fiore del partigiano,<br> o bella, '''ciao'''! bella, '''ciao'''! bella, '''ciao''', '''ciao''', '''ciao'''!<br> È questo il fiore del partigiano,<br> morto per la libertà!|This is the flower of the partisan,<br> Oh beautiful, '''goodbye'''! Beautiful, '''goodbye'''! Beautiful, '''goodbye''', '''goodbye''', '''goodbye'''!<br> This is the flower of the partisan,<br> Who died for freedom!}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|it|ciao ciao}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|gsw|tschau|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bar|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|ча́о}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|čau}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eo|ĉaŭ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|tjo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|tšau}}、{{l|et|tsau}}、{{l|et|tšauki}}、{{l|et|tsauki}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fr|ciao}}、{{l|fr|tchao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|tschau}}、{{l|de|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|csaó}}、{{l|hu|csá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ia|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|チャオ|tr=chao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|čau}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|чао}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mt|ċaw}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nb|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nn|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|ciao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|tchau|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|ча́о}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ћао}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ćao}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|čau}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|čáo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|chao}}、{{l|es|chau}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|ча́о}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{pedia|lang=it}}
* {{pedia|lang=en}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acio|Caio}}
==书面挪威语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|nb|it|ciao}},源自{{der|nb|vec|sciavo||奴隶}},源自{{der|nb|la-med|sclavus||奴隶}},源自{{der|nb|la-lat|Sclavus||斯拉夫人}}(因为斯拉夫人在中世纪常被奴役),源自{{der|nb|gkm|Σκλάβος}},源自{{der|nb|sla-pro|*slověninъ}}。{{doublet|nb|slave|slaver}}。
===叹词===
{{head|nb|感嘆詞}}
# {{l|en|ciao}}
==新挪威语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|nn|it|ciao}},源自{{der|nn|vec|sciavo||奴隶}},源自{{der|nn|la-med|sclavus||奴隶}}。源自{{der|nn|la-lat|Sclavus||斯拉夫人}},源自{{der|nn|gkm|Σκλάβος}},源自{{der|nn|sla-pro|*slověninъ}},因为斯拉夫人在中世纪常被奴役。{{doublet|nn|slave|slavar}}。
===叹词===
{{head|nn|感嘆詞}}
# [[你好]]
# [[再见]]
====近义词====
* {{m|nn|adjø}}
* {{m|nn|farvel}}
==罗马尼亚语==
{{wikipedia|lang=ro}}
===词源===
借自{{bor|ro|it|ciao}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ro|/ˈt͡ʃau/}}
===叹词===
{{head|ro|感嘆詞|head=ciao!}}
# [[你好]]
# [[再见]]
==西班牙语==
===叹词===
{{head|es|感嘆詞}}
# {{alternative spelling of|es|chau}}
l4muro3zjf8zukc7qfnapa5ttvyaw5q
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{{also|fourché}}
==英语==
[[File:Cross-Fourchee-Heraldry.svg|right|thumb|A cross fourche(e).]]
===词源===
借自{{bor|en|fr|fourché}}。{{doublet|en|furcate|fork}}。
===形容词===
{{en-adj|-}}
# {{lb|en|heraldry}} [[末端]][[分岔]]的
====其他形式====
* [[fourchee]], [[fourchée]], [[fourché]], [[fourchy]]
===参考资料===
* {{R:Webster 1913|fourche}}
==法语==
===词源===
{{inh+|fr|fro|furche}}、{{m|fro|forche}},源自{{inh|fr|la|furca|t=杈子}}。
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-fourche.wav|音频}}
===名词===
{{fr-noun|f}}
# [[长柄叉]],[[杈子]]
# [[分岔]],[[岔路口]]
# ([[发梢]]的)[[分叉]]
# (自行车等的)[[车叉]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fr|fourche à vanner}}
* {{l|fr|fourchette}}
* {{l|fr|passer sous les fourches caudines}}
====派生語彙====
*{{desc|fr|nolang=1|fourché}}
** {{desc|bor=1|en|fourche(e)}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|自行車部件|自行車|毛髮|工具}}
75n7dm81vzyzktckrklrlofh3tjqd5k
fraise
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==法语==
[[File:FraiseFruitPhoto.jpg|thumb|Une '''fraise'''.|upright=1.0]]
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-fraise.ogg|音频}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ɛz}}
===词源 1===
早先为{{mention|und|*fraige}},源自{{inh|fr|la|frāga}},{{mention|la|frāgum}}的复数形式。
====名词====
{{fr-noun|f}}
# [[草莓]]
# (用削尖木桩制成的)防御围栏
# {{文}}[[乳头]]
#* '''1797''', {{w|萨德侯爵}}, 《于丽埃特》,第一册:
#*: Les doigts de notre charmante supérieure chatouillaient les '''fraises''' de mon sein, et sa langue frétillait dans ma bouche.
#*: “我们迷人的上司的指尖逗痒了我胸上的'''乳头''',他的舌头在我的嘴里乱搅。”
#* '''2001''', Dominique Leroy, ''Hic et Hec'', p. 53:
#*: un corset négligemment noué par une échelle de rubans gris de lin renfermait à demi la neige élastique de son sein, son mouchoir transparent, dérangé par les mouvements de la nuit, laissait voir une '''fraise''' vermeille [...].
=====后代词汇=====
* {{desc|ar|فريز|tr=frēz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|fraise|bor=1}}
* {{desc|km|ហ្វ្រែហ្ស៍|bor=1}}
====后代词汇====
* {{desc|km|ហ្វ្រែហ្ស៍}}
[[File:Кінцеві фрези.JPG|thumb|Des '''fraises'''.|upright=1.0]]
===词源 2===
与{{mention|fr|fraiser}}相关联,或可能源自{{der|fr|la-vul|*fresāre}},源自{{der|fr|la|fresum}}{{mention|la|frendō}}的过去分词,或源自一个衍生词干{{mention|la||*fresa}}。对比{{cog|it|-}}和{{cog|es|fresa}}。
===名词===
{{fr-noun|f}}
# (牛的)隔膜
# {{史}} [[翎颌]],[[飞边]]
# [[铣刀]]
====后代词汇====
* {{desc|ar|فَرَّاز|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|frees|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|fraise|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Fräse|bor=1}}
** {{desc|be|фрэ́за|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cs|fréza|bor=1}}, {{l|cs|frézka}}
** {{desc|bg|фре́за|bor=1}}, {{l|bg|фрез}}
** {{desc|mk|фреза|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|фре́за|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|fréza|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sk|fréz|bor=1}}, {{l|sk|fréza}}, {{l|sk|frézka}}
** {{desc|sl|frẹ̄za|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uk|фре́за|bor=1}}
** {{desc|der=1|de|Fräser}}
** {{desctree|der=1|de|Fräsmaschine}}
* {{desc|pl|frez|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|fresa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|freză|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|фреза́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|fresa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|fräs|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|فرازه|tr=freze|bor=1}}
====动词====
{{head|fr|动词变位形式}}
#'''[[fraiser]]'''''的变位''
## ''第三人称单数直陈式现在时变位''
## ''第二人称单数命令式''
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
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{{also|gaufré}}
==法语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fr}}
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-gaufre.ogg|gaufre}}
===词源 1===
源自{{der|fr|fro|walfre}},源自{{der|fr|frk|*wafel}} or {{der|fr|dum|wafel}},源自{{der|fr|gem-pro|*wēbilǭ}}、{{m|gem-pro|*wēbilō}},可能与{{der|fr|ine-pro|*webʰ-|t=编,织}}有关。对比{{cog|en|waffle}}。
====名词====
{{fr-noun|f}}
# {{senseid|fr|蜂巢}} [[蜂巢]]
# [[蜂窝饼]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|fr|gaufrette}}
* {{l|fr|moule à gaufres}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|en|gauffre|bor=1}}、{{desc|en|gopher|unc=1|nolang=1}}
===词源 2===
源自路易斯安纳或{{der|fr|fr-CA|-}},源自{{m|fr|gaufre|id=蜂窝|t=蜂窝}},据说指它们的洞。
====其他形式====
* {{alt|fr|gauphre}}
====名词====
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[囊鼠]]
#: {{syn|fr|géomys}}
===词源 3===
{{nonlemma}}
====动词====
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|gaufrer||1//3|s|pres|ind//sub|;|2|s|impr}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|食物|嚙齒類}}
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{{also|Uva|UvA|UVA|ùva|uvä|üvä}}
==英語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|en|la|ūva||葡萄}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈjuː.və/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-uva.wav|音頻(南英格蘭)}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːvə|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|uvae|uvæ|pl2qual=棄用}}
# {{lb|en|植物學}} 一類[[水果]],個頭小、汁或肉多、皮薄、內有幾粒種子(如[[葡萄]])
====派生詞彙====
{{col|en|uva ursi}}
{{Webster 1913}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=auv|AUV|UAV|vau}}
{{c|en|果實}}
==阿斯圖里亞斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ast|la|ūva}}。
===發音===
{{ast-IPA}}
* {{hyph|ast|u|va}}
===名詞===
{{ast-noun|f|uves}}
# [[葡萄]]
{{c|ast|果實|葡萄藤}}
==加利西亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|uva}},{{inh+|gl|la|ūva}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|gl|[ˈuβɐ]}}
===名詞===
{{gl-noun|f}}
# [[葡萄]]
#: {{syn|gl|bago}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|gl|úvula}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:gl:DDGM|uua}}
* {{R:gl:CX|uvas}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}
{{C|gl|果實|葡萄藤}}
==意大利語==
[[Image:Wine grapes03.jpg|thumb|right]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|it|la|ūva}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|ùva<audio:It-l'uva.ogg>}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# [[葡萄]]
# {{lb|it|collective}} [[葡萄]]
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|it|uvetta}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel3|it|ugola|uvaccia|uva da tavola|uvaceo|uvaggio|uva passa|uva spina|uva sultanina|uva ursina|uvea|uveite|uvifero|uvina}}
====參見====
* {{l|it|vino}}
* {{l|it|vite}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{pedia|lang=it}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=auv|vau}}
{{C|it|果實|葡萄藤}}
==拉丁語==
[[image:Crimson seedless on the vine.jpg|thumb|ūvae (葡萄)]]
===詞源===
一些說法認為源自 {{m|la|ūmeō}},亦有認為源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*h₁eyHw-|t=紫杉、柳树、葡萄、藤蔓}},與{{cog|grc|ὄα||欧亚花楸,''[[Sorbus domestica]]''}}、{{cog|gem-pro|*īhwaz|*ī(h)waz}}、{{cog|sla-pro|*jь̀va|t=柳樹}} 同源。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ūva|ann=1}}
** {{audio|la|la-cls-uva.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
* {{la-IPA|ūvā|ann=1}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|ūva<1>}}
# {{lb|la|literally}}
## [[葡萄]]
## {{lb|la|collective}} [[葡萄]]
# {{lb|la|轉義}}
## 葡萄[[串]]
## [[葡萄藤]]
## {{lb|la|植物學}} [[串]],[[簇]] {{qualifier|形容葡萄以外的植物}}
## {{lb|la|動物學}} [[群]] {{qualifier|指蜂群一類的}}
## {{lb|la|解剖學}} [[軟腭]],[[懸雍垂]]
====屈折====
{{la-ndecl|ūva<1>}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|ūvula||pos=指小詞}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|ūvēns}}
* {{l|la|ūvēscō}}
* {{l|la|ūvidus}}
* {{l|la|ūvifer}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|auã}}
* {{desc|ast|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|co|uva}}
* {{desc|dlm|joiva}}
* {{desc|en|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|uvo}}
* {{desc|fr|uve}}
* {{desc|fur|ue}}、{{desc|fur|uve|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|gl|uva}}
* {{desc|it|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pms|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|uva}}
* {{desc|ro|auă}}
* {{desc|rm|iva}}、{{desc|rm|ieuva|nolang=1}}、{{desc|rm|uia|nolang=1}}、{{desc|rm|iua|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|sc|úa}}
* {{desc|scn|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|uva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|ua}}、{{desc|vec|ùa|nolang=1}}、{{desc|vec|ova|nolang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:grc:LSJ|o)/a1|ὄα}}
* {{R:ine:IEW}}
{{c|la|果實|葡萄藤}}
==皮埃蒙特語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|pms|üva}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|pms|/ˈyva/}}
===名詞===
{{head|pms|名詞|g=f|複數|uve}}
# [[葡萄]]
{{c|pms|果實}}
==葡萄牙語==
{{wikipedia|lang=pt}}
[[File:Cacho de uvas da Casta Verdelho.JPG|thumb|250px|uvas]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|uva}},{{inh+|pt|la|ūva}}。同源詞包括{{cog|gl,es,it|uva}}、{{cog|ro|auă}}。
===發音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhyme|pt|uvɐ}}
* {{hyph|pt|u|va}}
===名詞===
{{pt-noun|f}}
# [[葡萄]]
# {{lb|pt|引申}} 葡萄[[串]]
#: {{syn|pt|cacho}}
# {{lb|pt|Brazil|比喻|口語}} [[好看]]的東西或人
====派生詞彙====
{{der4|pt|uveira|uva-do-japão|uva passa|uva-itália|uva-tinta|uva-da-praia|uva-de-urso|uva-de-amur|uva-da-serra|uva-do-mato|uva-espim|uva-do-monte|uva-da-américa|uva-do-canadá|uva-tintureira|uva-dos-passarinhos|uva-de-cão|uva-de-rato|uva-branca|uva-bordô|uva-de-gato|uva-rosê|uva-crespa|uva-de-cheiro|uva-do-inverno|uval|uvaça|uvalha|uvada|uva-de-mesa|muita parra e pouca uva|uva-do-mar|pôr as uvas em pisa a alguém|uva de enforcado|uva-brava|uva-de-espinho|uva-de-gentio|uva-de-mato-grosso|uva-rubi}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel4|pt|úvula|videira}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|apy|uwa|bor=1}}
===名詞===
{{pt-noun|m}}
# [[葡萄]]色 {{gl|暗紫紅色}}
===形容詞===
{{pt-adj|pl=uva}}
# [[葡萄]]色的
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pt:Aulete}}
* {{R:pt:Dicio}}
* {{R:pt:Dicionário Informal}}
* {{R:pt:Infopédia}}
* {{R:pt:Michaelis}}
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}
{{C|pt|果實|葡萄藤|顏色}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===名詞===
{{sh-noun form}}
# {{inflection of|sh|uvo||gen|s}}
==西班牙語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|es|la|ūva}}。
===發音===
{{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-uva.wav;音頻(哥倫比亞)>}}
===名詞===
{{es-noun|f}}
# [[葡萄]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col|es|azúcar de uva|como una uva|dar las uvas|de uvas a peras|estar de mala uva|estar hecho una uva|mala uva|no entrar por uvas|nos van a dar las uvas|uva camarona|uva espina|uvas de la suerte|uva de gato|de pura uva|hilo de uvas|uva de anís|uvas de mar|uva de perro|uva de raposa|uva de playa}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|es|úvula}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
{{C|es|果實|葡萄藤}}
sgu7uh6tad27zwrfe9ltkptsvlhpig4
Herz
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==德语==
[[File:Heart frontally PDA.jpg|230px|thumb|Modell eines menschlichen ''Herzens'']]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|Herze|Hertz||棄用}}
===词源===
继承自{{inh|de|gmh|herze}},继承自{{inh|de|goh|herza}},继承自{{inh|de|gmw-pro|*hertā}},继承自{{inh|de|gem-pro|*hertô||心臟}},源自{{der|de|ine-pro|*ḱḗr||心臟}}。与{{cog|nl|hart}}、{{cog|en|heart}}、{{cog|da|hjerte}}、{{cog|got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉}}同源。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/hɛrts/|[hɛʁt͡s]|[hɛɐ̯t͡s]}}
* {{audio|de|De-Herz.ogg|a=德國}}
* {{audio|de|De-at-Herz.ogg|a=奧地利}}
* {{homophones|de|Hertz}}
* {{audio|de|De-Herz2.ogg}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|n,ens:es[非常罕用].weak.dat:en:-|dim=chen,lein,ken[(亦) Ruhrpöttisch]}}
# [[心]],[[心脏]]
#: {{uxi|de|aus tiefstem '''Herzen''' danken|发自'''内心'''地感谢}}
#: {{uxi|de|etw. auf dem '''Herzen''' haben|'''心'''上有事}}
# [[心形]]
# {{lb|de|poker}} [[紅心]](♥)
# [[甜心]]
====變格====
标准:
{{de-decl-noun-n|ens|en}}
口语:
{{de-decl-noun-n|es|en|ds=Herz|notes=本变格在医学书籍中有出现,但十分少见。}}
====用法====
* '''Herz''' 是德語中變格高度不規則的名詞,也是唯一遵守此種規則的詞。
** '''Herz''' 的屬格單數形式是''des Herzens''。按照一般規則的''des Herzes''形式罕見,且被認為不正規。
** '''Herz''' 的與格單數形式''dem Herzen''為古舊形式,但是仍用在現代德語的一些固定句式,例如:''im Herzen''(精神上),''von Herzen''(發自內心),''zu Herzen''(深入內心),''Operation am offenen Herzen''(開心手術),''mit halbem Herzen''(心不在焉)等等。<br>一般不帶後綴的與格形式''dem Herz''用在撲克牌術語中,以及片語''mit Herz''(好心)。<br>其他情況,兩種與格形式都可使用,一般認為''dem Herz''為口語形式;而''dem Herzen''為書面形式。
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|n,ens:es[罕用].weak.dat:en:-[用於牌組或愛稱,其他情況下為非正式用語]}}
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* {{l|de|Athletenherz}}
* {{l|de|beherzt}}
* {{l|de|Bruderherz}}
* {{l|de|Hand aufs Herz}}
* {{l|de|Herz-Jesu-Bild}}
* {{l|de|herzallerliebst}}
* {{l|de|herzbewegend}}
* {{l|de|Herzblatt}}
* {{l|de|Herzblut}}
* {{l|de|Herzbube}}
* {{l|de|Herzchen}}
* {{l|de|Herzchirurgie}}
{{mid3}}
* {{l|de|Herzdame}}
* {{l|de|herzhaft}}
* {{l|de|herzig}}
* {{l|de|Herzinfarkt}}
* {{l|de|Herzinsuffizienz}}
* {{l|de|Herzkammer}}
* {{l|de|Herzklaps}}
* {{l|de|Herzkönig}}
* {{l|de|Herzkrankheit}}
* {{l|de|herzlich}}
* {{l|de|herzlos}}
* {{l|de|Herzrhythmusstörung}}
{{mid3}}
* {{l|de|Herzschild}}
* {{l|de|Herzschlag}}
* {{l|de|Herzstillstand}}
* {{l|de|Herzton}}
* {{l|de|Herzversagen}}
* {{l|de|kaltherzig}}
* {{l|de|Schwesterherz}}
* {{l|de|Sportherz}}
* {{l|de|Sportlerherz}}
* {{l|de|von ganzem Herzen}}
* {{l|de|zu Herzen nehmen}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mk|херц|bor=1|g=m}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|хе̏рц|sclang=1|g=m}}
*: {{desc|sh|hȅrc|sclang=1|g=m}}
===参见===
* {{l|de|Kardia}}
{{table:suits/de}}
{{table:German suits/de}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
{{C|de|器官|解剖學|情緒}}
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fovea
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{{also|fovéa}}
==英语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|en|la|fovea|t=洞,坑}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfəʊ.vi.ə/}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊviə}}
===名词===
{{en-noun|s|foveae|foveæ}}
# {{lb|en|解剖学}} ([[骨头]]或[[器官]]的)[[凹]]
# {{lb|en|解剖学}} ([[视网膜]]的)[[中央凹]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|en|foveate}}
* {{l|en|parafoveal}}
* {{l|en|postfoveal}}
* {{l|en|pseudofovea}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|en|foveal}}
==芬兰语==
===发音===
{{fi-pronunciation}}
===名词===
{{fi-noun}}
# {{lb|fi|解剖学}} ([[骨头]]或[[器官]]的)[[凹]]
# {{lb|fi|解剖学}} ([[视网膜]]的)[[中央凹]]
====变格====
{{fi-decl-kulkija|fove|a}}
==意大利语==
===词源===
源自{{der|it|la|fovea}}。
===发音===
* {{it-IPA|fòvea}}
===名词===
{{wikipedia|lang=it}}
{{it-noun|f}}
# {{lb|it|解剖学}} ([[骨头]]或[[器官]]的)[[凹]]
#: {{syn|it|fossetta}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|it|foveale}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:it:Treccani}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*bʰow-|t=pit, hole}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|fovea<1>}}
# (地上的)[[洞]],[[洼]],[[坑]]
# [[陷阱]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|fovea<1>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|foveālis}} {{qual|文艺复兴拉丁语}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2}}
* {{desc|ast|foya}}、{{l|ast|fueyu}}
* {{desc|ca|foia}}、{{desc|ca|fòvea|bor=1|nolang=1}}、{{desc|ca|bòfia|der=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|fovea}}
* {{desc|fr|fovéa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|foxo}}
* {{desc|it|fovea}}
* {{desc|pt|fojo}}、{{l|pt|fóvea}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*fowyā|bor=1}}
** {{desc|kw|fow}}
** {{desc|wlm|ffeu}}
*** {{desc|cy|ffau}}
* {{desc|es|hoya}}、{{l|es|hoyo}}、{{l|es|fóvea}}
{{col-bottom}}
===参考===
* {{R:la:L&S|fŏvĕa|fovea}}
* {{R:la:du Cange|FOVEA1|1. FOVEA}}
* {{R:la:du Cange|FOVEA2|2. FOVEA}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis|fovea}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot|fŏvĕa|p=684/2}}
* {{R:la:OLD|1|fouea|729/1}}
* {{R:la:MLLM 1976|fovea|450/1}}
{{topics|la|圈套}}
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conflict
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{{also|Conflict}}
==英語==
{{wp}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|en|la|cōnflīctus}},源自{{pre|la|com-|flīctus|t1=共同、一起|nocat=1}} ({{m|la|conflīgō||碰撞、衝突}} 的過去分詞),源自{{pre|la|com-|flīgō|t1=共同、一起|t2=打擊|nocat=1}} (也就是英語前綴 {{af|en|con-}})。
===發音===
* {{a|en|名詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/|a=RP,Northern England,Wales}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔn.flɪkt/|a=SSB,Scotland,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-noun.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.fləkt/|[ˈkʰɔ̟n.fləkt]|~|[ˈkʰɞ̠n-]|a=NZ}}
* {{a|en|動詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|a=RP,SSB,Northern England,Scotland,Wales,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-verb.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈfləkt/|a=NZ}}
** {{rhymes|en|ɪkt|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|con|flict}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~}}
# <span id="N1">[[衝突]];[[爭執]];[[武力]][[對抗]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|The '''conflict''' between the government and the rebels began three years ago.|t=政府與叛軍之間的衝突起始於三年前。}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-07-19|author=[http://www.theguardian.com/profile/marktran Mark Tran]
|volume=189|issue=6|page=1|magazine=w:The Guardian Weekly
|title=[http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jul/12/war-denying-children-education Denied an education by war]
|passage=One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of '''conflict''' on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools{{...}}as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.}}
# <span id="N2">不[[相容]],[[牴觸]],[[矛盾]];([[時間]]或[[行程]]) [[衝突]],[[撞期]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|I wanted to attend the meeting but there's a '''conflict''' in my schedule that day.|我原本想參加會議,但那天我的行程撞期了。}}
# <span id="N3">(戲劇、小說中的) [[矛盾]]、[[衝突]]</span>
====派生詞====
{{col|en|anticonflict|conflictarian|conflictful|conflictive|conflictless|conflictory|conflictual|cyberconflict|deconflict|metaconflict|nonconflict|postconflict|preconflict|unconflict|conflict zone|conflict-free|conflictional|conflicted|conflict out|edit conflict|A-type conflict|C-type conflict|armed conflict|conflict of interest|conflict thesis|conflict training|conflict-ridden|external conflict|internal conflict|role conflict|social conflict paradigm|conflict diamond|conflict resolution|parent-offspring conflict}}
====後代詞====
* {{desc|he|קוֹנְפְלִיקְט|bor=1}}
===動詞===
{{en-verb}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} <span id="V1">與……[[牴觸]];相[[矛盾]];不[[一致]]</span>
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Jan Morris|title=Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East by Scott Anderson, review: A skilful account of T. E. Lawrence and his role in the painful birth of an emerging Middle East [print version: A rock in Arabia's shifting sands, 1 March 2014, p. R26]|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/10664897/Lawrence-in-Arabia-War-Deceit-Imperial-Folly-and-the-Making-of-the-Modern-Middle-East-by-Scott-Anderson-review.html|work={{w|The Daily Telegraph}} (Review)|date=2 March 2014|passage=[[w:T. E. Lawrence|[T. E.] Lawrence]] said that in the end he felt himself to be fighting not for the imperial British but for the rebellious Arabs. All too often he '''conflicted''' with British bureaucratic fustiness.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} <span id="V2">(時間或行程) 衝突,撞期</span>
#: {{ux|en|Your conference call '''conflicts''' with my older one: please reschedule.|你的電話會議跟我的舊行程'''撞期'''了,請重新安排時間。}}
#: {{ux|en|It appears that our schedules '''conflict'''.|看來我們的行程'''撞期'''了。}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|en|conflicted}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
{{cln|en|多音詞}}
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{{also|Conflict}}
==英語==
{{wp|en:}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|en|la|cōnflīctus}},源自{{pre|la|com-|flīctus|t1=共同、一起|nocat=1}}({{m|la|conflīgō||碰撞、衝突}} 的過去分詞),源自{{pre|la|com-|flīgō|t1=共同、一起|t2=打擊|nocat=1}}(前者也就是英語前綴 {{af|en|con-}} 的來源)。
===發音===
* {{a|en|名詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/|a=RP,Northern England,Wales}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔn.flɪkt/|a=SSB,Scotland,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-noun.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.fləkt/|[ˈkʰɔ̟n.fləkt]|~|[ˈkʰɞ̠n-]|a=NZ}}
* {{a|en|動詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|a=RP,SSB,Northern England,Scotland,Wales,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-verb.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈfləkt/|a=NZ}}
** {{rhymes|en|ɪkt|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|con|flict}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~}}
# <span id="N1">[[衝突]];[[爭執]];[[武力]][[對抗]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|The '''conflict''' between the government and the rebels began three years ago.|t=政府與叛軍之間的'''衝突'''起始於三年前。}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-07-19|author=[http://www.theguardian.com/profile/marktran Mark Tran]
|volume=189|issue=6|page=1|magazine=w:en:The Guardian Weekly
|title=[http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jul/12/war-denying-children-education Denied an education by war]
|passage=One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of '''conflict''' on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools{{...}}as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.|t='''冲突'''对教育的一个特别有害但却常常被忽视的影响是,针对学校的袭击事件激{{...}},儿童、教师或学校建筑都成为袭击目标。家长们害怕送孩子上学。女孩尤其容易遭受性暴力。}}
# <span id="N2">不[[相容]],[[牴觸]],[[矛盾]];([[時間]]或[[行程]]) [[衝突]],[[撞期]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|I wanted to attend the meeting but there's a '''conflict''' in my schedule that day.|我原本想參加會議,但那天我的行程'''撞期'''了。}}
# <span id="N3">(戲劇、小說中的) [[矛盾]]、[[衝突]]</span>
====派生詞====
{{col|en|anticonflict|conflictarian|conflictful|conflictive|conflictless|conflictory|conflictual|cyberconflict|deconflict|metaconflict|nonconflict|postconflict|preconflict|unconflict|conflict zone|conflict-free|conflictional|conflicted|conflict out|edit conflict|A-type conflict|C-type conflict|armed conflict|conflict of interest|conflict thesis|conflict training|conflict-ridden|external conflict|internal conflict|role conflict|social conflict paradigm|conflict diamond|conflict resolution|parent-offspring conflict}}
====後代詞====
* {{desc|he|קוֹנְפְלִיקְט|bor=1}}
===動詞===
{{en-verb}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} <span id="V1">與……[[牴觸]];相[[矛盾]];不[[一致]]</span>
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Jan Morris|title=Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East by Scott Anderson, review: A skilful account of T. E. Lawrence and his role in the painful birth of an emerging Middle East [print version: A rock in Arabia's shifting sands, 1 March 2014, p. R26]|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/10664897/Lawrence-in-Arabia-War-Deceit-Imperial-Folly-and-the-Making-of-the-Modern-Middle-East-by-Scott-Anderson-review.html|work={{w|每日電訊報|The Daily Telegraph}} (Review)|date=2 March 2014|passage=[[w:en:T. E. Lawrence|[T. E.] Lawrence]] said that in the end he felt himself to be fighting not for the imperial British but for the rebellious Arabs. All too often he '''conflicted''' with British bureaucratic fustiness.|t={{w|T·E·勞倫斯|劳伦斯}}说,最终他觉得自己不是在为英帝国主义而战,而是在为反抗的阿拉伯人而战。他常常与英国官僚主义的陈腐作风'''发生冲突'''。}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|指時間或行程}} <span id="V2">[[衝突]],[[撞期]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|Your conference call '''conflicts''' with my older one: please reschedule.|你的電話會議跟我的舊行程'''撞期'''了,請重新安排時間。}}
#: {{ux|en|It appears that our schedules '''conflict'''.|看來我們的行程'''撞期'''了。}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|en|conflicted}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
{{cln|en|多音詞}}
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{{also|Conflict}}
==英語==
{{wp|en:}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|en|la|cōnflīctus}},源自{{pre|la|com-|flīctus|t1=共同、一起|nocat=1}}({{m|la|conflīgō||碰撞、衝突}} 的過去分詞),源自{{pre|la|com-|flīgō|t1=共同、一起|t2=打擊|nocat=1}}(前者也就是英語前綴 {{af|en|con-}} 的來源)。
===發音===
* {{a|en|名詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/|a=RP,Northern England,Wales}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɔn.flɪkt/|a=SSB,Scotland,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-noun.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈkɒn.fləkt/|[ˈkʰɔ̟n.fləkt]|~|[ˈkʰɞ̠n-]|a=NZ}}
* {{a|en|動詞}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|a=RP,SSB,Northern England,Scotland,Wales,AU}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈflɪkt/|/ˈkɑn.flɪkt/|a=GA}}
*** {{audio|en|en-us-conflict-verb.ogg|a=US}}
** {{IPA|en|/kənˈfləkt/|a=NZ}}
** {{rhymes|en|ɪkt|s=2}}
* {{hyph|en|con|flict}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~}}
# <span id="N1">[[衝突]];[[爭執]];[[武力]][[對抗]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|The '''conflict''' between the government and the rebels began three years ago.|t=政府與叛軍之間的'''衝突'''起始於三年前。}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2013-07-19|author=[http://www.theguardian.com/profile/marktran Mark Tran]
|volume=189|issue=6|page=1|magazine=w:en:The Guardian Weekly
|title=[http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jul/12/war-denying-children-education Denied an education by war]
|passage=One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of '''conflict''' on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools{{...}}as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parents fear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.|t='''冲突'''对教育的一个特别有害但却常常被忽视的影响是,针对学校的袭击事件激{{...}},儿童、教师或学校建筑都成为袭击目标。家长们害怕送孩子上学。女孩尤其容易遭受性暴力。}}
# <span id="N2">不[[相容]],[[牴觸]],[[矛盾]];([[時間]]或[[行程]]) [[衝突]],[[撞期]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|I wanted to attend the meeting but there's a '''conflict''' in my schedule that day.|我原本想參加會議,但那天我的行程'''撞期'''了。}}
# <span id="N3">(戲劇、小說中的) [[矛盾]]、[[衝突]]</span>
====派生詞====
{{col|en|anticonflict|conflictarian|conflictful|conflictive|conflictless|conflictory|conflictual|cyberconflict|deconflict|metaconflict|nonconflict|postconflict|preconflict|unconflict|conflict zone|conflict-free|conflictional|conflicted|conflict out|edit conflict|A-type conflict|C-type conflict|armed conflict|conflict of interest|conflict thesis|conflict training|conflict-ridden|external conflict|internal conflict|role conflict|social conflict paradigm|conflict diamond|conflict resolution|parent-offspring conflict}}
====後代詞====
* {{desc|he|קוֹנְפְלִיקְט|bor=1}}
===動詞===
{{en-verb}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} <span id="V1">與……[[牴觸]];相[[矛盾]];不[[一致]]</span>
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Jan Morris|title=Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East by Scott Anderson, review: A skilful account of T. E. Lawrence and his role in the painful birth of an emerging Middle East [print version: A rock in Arabia's shifting sands, 1 March 2014, p. R26]|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/10664897/Lawrence-in-Arabia-War-Deceit-Imperial-Folly-and-the-Making-of-the-Modern-Middle-East-by-Scott-Anderson-review.html|work={{w|每日電訊報|The Daily Telegraph}} (Review)|date=2 March 2014|passage=[[w:en:T. E. Lawrence|[T. E.] Lawrence]] said that in the end he felt himself to be fighting not for the imperial British but for the rebellious Arabs. All too often he '''conflicted''' with British bureaucratic fustiness.|t={{w|T·E·勞倫斯|劳伦斯}}说,最终他觉得自己不是在为英帝国主义而战,而是在为反抗的阿拉伯人而战。他常常与英国官僚主义的陈腐作风'''发生冲突'''。}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive|指時間或行程}} <span id="V2">[[衝突]],[[撞期]]</span>
#: {{ux|en|Your conference call '''conflicts''' with my older one: please reschedule.|你的電話會議跟我的舊行程'''撞期'''了,請重新安排時間。}}
#: {{ux|en|It appears that our schedules '''conflict'''.|看來我們的行程'''撞期'''了。}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|en|conflicted}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
{{cln|en|多音詞}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|nl|la|cōnflīctus}}({{m|la|confligere||一起擊打}} 的過去分詞),源自 {{m|la|com-||一起}}( [[con-]] 的一種變形)+ {{m|la|fligere||擊打}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/kɔnˈflɪkt/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-conflict.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|con|flict}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɪkt|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|n|-en|+}}
# [[衝突]]
# [[抵觸]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col|nl
|belangenconflict
|conflictdiamant
|conflicthaard
|conflicthantering
|conflictmineraal
|conflictsituatie
|conflictstof
}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|nl|conflictueus}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|af|konflik}}
* {{desc|id|konflik|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fy|konflikt|bor=1}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{ety|ro|:lbor|la:conflictus|text=+|tree=1}}
===名詞===
{{ro-noun|n|conflicte}}
# [[衝突]]
# [[抵觸]]
====變格====
{{ro-noun-n}}
m21ifvumi70lfz2rutnxsjnpbbxhlnj
caries
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{{also|cariés|caríes|cáries|cariës}}
==英语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|en|la|caries}}。
===发音1===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɛə.ɹiːz/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈkɛ.ɹiz/|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛəɹiz|s=2}}
* {{homophone|en|carries|karris|aa=Mmmm,happy-tensing}}
* {{hyphenation|en|car|ies}}
====名词====
{{en-noun|-|*}}
# [[蛀牙]],[[龋齿]];[[骨疽]]
=====近义词=====
* {{l|en|cavity}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|en|dental caries}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|en|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|en|cary||s-verb-form}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aceirs|Serica|ericas}}
{{C|en|牙科學}}
==法语==
===发音===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-caries.wav|音频}}
===名词===
{{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=f}}
# {{plural of|fr|carie}}
===动词===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|carier||2|s|pres|ind//sub}}
===异序词===
* {{l|fr|aciers}}
* {{l|fr|casier}}
* {{l|fr|craies}}
* {{l|fr|créais}}
* {{l|fr|écrias}}
* {{l|fr|sciera}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{affix|la|careō|-iēs|t1=缺少|id2=名詞}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|cariēs}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|cariēs<5>}}
# [[腐蚀]],[[侵蚀]],[[腐败]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|cariēs<5>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|cariōsus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|qere}}
* {{desc|ca|quera}}、{{desc|ca|càries|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|caries|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|carie}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|it|carie}}
* {{desc|pt|cárie}}
* {{desc|ro|car|carie}}
* {{desc|scn|cari}}
* {{desc|es|caries|quera}}
{{bottom}}
===参见===
* {{l|la|carius}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:itc:EDL|page=93}}
==西班牙语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|es|la|caries}}。
===发音===
{{es-pr}}
===名词===
{{es-noun|f}}
# {{lb|es|牙科学}} [[蛀牙]],[[龋齿]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|es|anticaries}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
t5yg8zogp3tgasq8h4lxut4fflmslmj
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{{also|chequé|chèque}}
==英語==
{{wiki|lang=en}}
[[Image:Sample cheque.jpeg|right|thumb|A [[crossed cheque]] (see top left corner), in this case payable only to a bank account]]
===替代寫法===
* {{l|en|check}} {{qualifier|美國}}
===詞源===
{{m|en|check}}的變體,受到{{m|en|exchequer}}的影響。
===發音===
* {{enPR|chĕk}}, {{IPA|en|/t͡ʃɛk/}}
* {{audio|en|EN-AU ck1 cheque.ogg|音頻 (澳洲)}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɛk|s=1}}
* {{homophones|en|check|Czech}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# {{lb|en|Australia|Canada|India|New Zealand|UK}} [[支票]]
#: {{ux|en|I was not carrying cash, so I wrote a '''cheque''' for the amount.|我没有带现金,所以我写了一张'''支票'''。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1848|author={{w|約翰·史都華·密爾|John Stuart Mill}}|title={{w|lang=en|Principles of Political Economy}}|trans-title=政治經濟學原理|pageurl=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=zUsPAQAAMAAJ&q=%22cheque%22%7C%22cheques%22+-intitle:%22cheque%7Ccheques%22+-inauthor:%22%22&dq=%22cheque%22%7C%22cheques%22+-intitle:%22cheque%7Ccheques%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nr4iT-enNoq6iQeIzN3VBA&redir_esc=y|page=62|year_published=1920
|passage=They do not, however, all deal with the same banker, and when A gives a '''cheque''' to B, B usually pays it not into the same but into some other bank.|translation=然而,他们并不都与同一家银行打交道,当 A 给 B 一张'''支票'''时,B 通常不是将'''支票'''存入同一家银行,而是存入另一家银行。}}
#* '''1999''', Sam Seunarine, ''Office Procedures for the Caribbean'', 2nd edition, reprinted 2001, [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=WiaqNjTQmskC&pg=PA126&dq=%22cheque%22|%22cheques%2f2+-intitle:%22cheque|cheques%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-cMiT8KvMZOjiQfxyLGZBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22cheque%22|%22cheques%22%20-intitle%3A%22cheque|cheques%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false page 126],
#*: {{quote|en|Sometimes abbreviations are used (which would be explained on the statement) and only the last three figures of the '''cheque''' number may be given. ‘Sundries’ are cash or '''cheques''' paid into the account.|有时会使用缩写(会在声明中解释),并且只能提供'''支票'''号码的最后三位数字。“杂项”是指存入账户的现金或'''支票'''。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=Eric Tyson|author2=Tony Martin|title=Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=_rGzk5Y5bO8C&pg=PT243&dq=%22cheque%22%7C%22cheques%22+-intitle:%22cheque%7Ccheques%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=P8ciT9mfM6KQiAeaucnRBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22cheque%22%7C%22cheques%22%20-intitle%3A%22cheque%7Ccheques%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false
|passage=You can avoid dealing with paper '''cheques''' — written or printed — by paying your bills online.
|t=您可以通过在线支付账单来避免处理纸质'''支票'''——无论是手写的还是印刷的。}}
#* '''2009''', R. Rajesh, T. Sivagnanasithi, ''Banking Theory Law & Practice'', Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=PHCQsprFST4C&pg=PA206&dq=%22cheque%22|%22cheques%22+-intitle:%22cheque|cheques%22+-inauthor:%22%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nr4iT-enNoq6iQeIzN3VBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22cheque%22|%22cheques%22%20-intitle%3A%22cheque|cheques%22%20-inauthor%3A%22%22&f=false page 206],
#*: {{quote|en|The daily '''cheque''' clearings began around 1770 when bank clerks met at the Five Bells (a tavern in Lombard Street in the City of London) to exchange all their '''cheques''' in one place and settle the balances in cash.|每日'''支票'''结算始于1770年左右,当时银行职员在 Five Bells(伦敦金融城倫巴底街的一家小酒馆)会面,在一个地方兑换所有支票并以现金结算余额。}}
====衍生詞====
{{der4|en|bank cheque|blank cheque|{{l|en|cheque book}}, {{l|en|chequebook}}|cheque, please|bounced cheque|crossed cheque|paycheque|rain cheque|traveller's cheque|cheque card|cross cheque|e-cheque|pay cheque|rubber cheque}}
====派生詞====
{{col-top|4}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|çek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|am|ቼክ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|شِيك|tr=šēk, šīk}}
* {{desc|bor=1|afb|چيك|tr=cek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|չեկ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ast|cheque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|çek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|чэк}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|চেক}}
* {{desc|bor=1|br|chekenn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|my|ချက်}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|xec}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|šek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|check}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|cheque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|tšekk}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|sekki|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fr|chèque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|cheque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ჩეკი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Scheck}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|צֵ׳ק|tr=chéq|שֵׁיְק|tr2=shéq}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hi|चेक}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|csekk}}
* {{desc|bor=1|is|tékki}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|seic}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lo|ເຊັກ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|čeks}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|čekis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|cek}}
** {{desc|id|cek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mr|चेक|sc=Deva}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mn|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nrf|chèque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|çek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|sjekk}}
* {{desc|bor=1|oc|chèc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|چک|tr=ček}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|czek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|cheque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|cec}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|чек}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ček}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|šek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|ček}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|cheque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sw|cheki}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|check}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tg|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|te|చెక్కు}}
* {{desc|bor=1|th|เช็ค}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|çek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|çek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|чек}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ur|چیک|tr=cek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|chek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vi|séc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cy|siec}}
{{col-bottom}}
===形容詞===
{{en-adj|-}}
# {{obsolete form of|en|chequy}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1722|author=Alexander Nisbet|title=A System of Heraldry Speculative and Practical |page=335
|text=George PARK of FULFORDLIES, descended of the Family of Parkswells, carries Or, a Fesse Cheque, Gules and Argent; between Three Bucks Heads cabossed, all within a Border of the 2d; Motto, Providentia me committo.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1779|author=Hugh Clark|author2=Thomas Wormull|title=The Peerage of the Nobility of England, Scotland, and Ireland|page=137
|text=Arms. Argent, a chevron '''cheque''', gules, and of the field, between three bugle horns, sable , garnished of the second, plate 40.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1797|author=Thomas Langley|title=The History and Antiquities of the Hundred of Desborough, and Deanery of Wycombe, in Buckinghamshire: Including the Borough Towns of Wycombe and Marlow, and Sixteen Parishes|page=442
|text=Parted per pale gules and or, a lion rampant intercharged inter 3 fleurs de lys. 2. A saltire cheque gules and or inter 3 escallop shells gules. 2 Argent, within a bordure azure, semé de fleur de lis or, parted per chevron ermine{{nb...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1820|author=John Chambers|title=A General History of Worcester|page=148
|text=... : several escutcheons of arms are dispersed about her, and her kirtle, or inward drapery thus blazoned; Or. a fret gules, and others on her mantle, Or. '''cheque''', gules, and azure, a talbot is couchant at her feet.}}
===來源===
* {{R:BBS}}
* {{R:Etymonline|entry=check}}
{{C|en|銀行業}}
==阿斯圖里亞斯語==
===名詞===
{{ast-noun|m}}
# [[支票]]
{{C|ast|銀行業}}
==荷蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=nl}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|nl|en|cheque}},來自{{der|nl|enm|chek}},源自{{der|nl|fro|eschec}},來自{{der|nl|la-med|scaccus}},來自{{der|nl|ar|شَاه}},源自{{der|nl|fa|شاه||國王|tr=šâh}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ʃɛk/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-cheque.ogg|Audio}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|che|que}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɛk}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|m|-s|-je}}
# [[支票]]
# [[代金券]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|nl|bankcheque}}
* {{l|nl|betaalcheque}}
* {{l|nl|chequeboek}}
* {{l|nl|chequeverkeer}}
- 代金券
* {{l|nl|cadeaucheque}}
* {{l|nl|dienstencheque}}
* {{l|nl|ecocheque}}
* {{l|nl|maaltijdcheque}}
* {{l|nl|waardecheque}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|nl|schaak}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|srn|tyèk|bor=1}}
** {{desc|jvn|tyèg|bor=1}}
{{C|nl|銀行業}}
==加利西亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|gl|en|cheque}}。
===名詞===
{{gl-noun|m}}
# [[支票]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|gl|chequeira}}
* {{l|gl|cheque en branco}}
{{C|gl|銀行業}}
==中古英語==
===名詞===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{alt form|enm|chek}}
==葡萄牙語==
{{wikipedia|lang=pt}}
===發音===
{{pt-IPA|chéque}}
* {{rhymes|pt|ɛki|q1=巴西|ɛkɨ|q2=巴西|s=2}}
* {{homophones|pt|xeque}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|che|que}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|pt|en|cheque}},來自{{der|pt|fro|eschec}},來自{{der|pt|la-med|scaccus}},來自{{der|pt|ar|شَاه}},來自{{der|pt|fa|شاه||國王,沙阿|tr=šâh}},來自{{der|pt|pal|𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠|tr=šāh|sc=Phli}},來自{{der|pt|peo|𐏋|tr=xšāyaθiya||國王|sc=Xpeo}},來自{{der|pt|iir-pro|*ksayati||統治,擁有權力}},來自{{der|pt|ine-pro|*tke-||獲得權力,獲得控制}}。與{{m|pt|xeque}}同源。
====名詞====
{{pt-noun|m}}
# [[支票]]
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|checar}}
{{C|pt|銀行業}}
==西班牙語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|es|en|cheque}}。{{doublet|es|jaque}}。
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===名詞===
{{es-noun|m}}
# [[支票]]
====衍生詞====
{{col-auto|es
|chequera
|cheque en blanco
|cheque regalo
}}
===副詞===
{{es-adv}}
# {{lb|es|Honduras}} [[好]],[[很]]好,[[不錯]]
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|checar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
{{C|es|銀行業}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|до́ма}}
===副詞===
{{be-adv|до́ма}}
# [[在家]]
====參見====
* {{l|be|дадо́му}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
和其他斯拉夫語族語言一樣,重音很可能原在詞根上。重新分析作{{m|bg|дом||房子}}的定受格單數;因此重音在結尾上。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|дома́|a=LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дома.wav}}
===副詞===
{{bg-adv|дома́|-}}
# ([[在]])[[家]]
#: {{uxi|bg|[[у]] '''дома́''' [[съм]]|我'''在家'''}}
#: {{uxi|bg|[[дойда|ела́]] [[у]] '''дома́'''|到家}}
#: {{uxi|bg|'''дома́''' [[да]] [[ида|и́дем]]|q=詩歌|回家吧}}
====使用說明====
* 使用時通常會加上介詞(經常使用{{m|bg|у}},有時用{{m|bg|до}});不使用介詞的通常是古舊、詩歌或方言用法。
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*doma}},來自{{m|sla-pro|*domъ}}。對照{{m|mk|дом|gloss=[[家]]}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===副詞===
{{mk-adv|-}}
# [[在家]]
# 在[[家庭]]中
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f}}
# {{lb|mk|colloquially}} [[家]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|дом|n=sg}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===副詞===
{{cu-adv}}
# [[在家]]
====變格====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|до́ма}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|до̏ма|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|dȍma|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
{{bottom}}
==俄語==
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|до́ма|ann=y}}
* {{ru-IPA|дома́|ann=y}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-дома.ogg|a=до́ма}}
===副詞===
{{ru-adv|до́ма}}
# [[在家]]
#* {{quote-book|ru|text=— [[вот|Вот]], Ле́ночка, — [[сказать|сказа́ла]] [[тётя]], — [[я]] [[уходить|ухожу́]], [[а]] [[ты]] [[оставаться|остава́йся]] '''до́ма''' [[и]] [[быть|будь]] [[умница|у́мницей]].|t=- 所以,列諾其卡, - 姑姑說道, - 我要過去,但你得乖乖留'''在家裡'''。|author=Daniil Kharms|title=Рассказы для детей|trans-title=為孩子而寫的故事}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun form|до́ма|m-in}}
# {{inflection of|ru|дом||gen|s}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun form|дома́|m-in-p}}
# {{inflection of|ru|дом||nom//acc|p}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/dôma/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|до|ма}}
===副詞===
{{sh-adv|до̏ма}}
# [[在家]]
# [[向]]家,[[朝]]家
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==拉丁語==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
===詞源===
来自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*argentom}},來自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|argentum<2>}}
# 銀
# 錢
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|argentum<2>}}
====派生詞語====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|argentāria||銀行櫃員}}
* {{l|la|argentārium}}
* {{l|la|argentārius||銀行家}}
* {{l|la|argentātus}}
* {{l|la|argenteus}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|argentīfodīna}}
* {{l|la|Argentīnus}}
* {{l|la|argentōsus}}
* {{l|la|argentum vīvum||水銀}}
{{bottom}}
====派生语汇====
{{top4}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語:
** {{desc|rup|arzintu}}
** {{desc|ro|argint}}
** → 古{{desc|sq|rgjand}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|arziant|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語:
** {{desc|co|argentu}}
** {{desc|sdn|algentu}}
** {{desc|it|argento|alts=1}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|sq|argjend}}
** {{desc|scn|argentu}}
* 帕達尼亞語:
** {{desc|lij|argénto}}
** {{desc|lmo|arsgent|arzent}}
** {{desc|pms|argent}}
** {{desc|fur|arint}}
** {{desc|rm|argient|alts=1}}
** {{desc|vec|arxento}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desctree|fro|argent}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desc|ca|argent}}
** {{desc|oc|argent}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語:
** {{desc|an|archent}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|arento}}
** {{desc|osp|ariento}}
* 薩丁尼亞語:
** {{desc|sc|arghentu|nolang=1}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|gl|arxento}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ms|argentum}}
** {{desc|bor=1|pt|argento}}
** {{desc|bor=1|es|argento}}
{{bottom}}
====另見====
* {{l|la|argilla}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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{{also|Plumbum}}
==拉丁語==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
{{elements|la|Pb|thallium|Tl|bisemutum|Bi}}
===詞源===
和{{der|la|grc|μόλυβδος||鉛}} 相關。可能{{bor+|la|ett|-}}、{{der|la|xib|-}}或其他前印歐語時期的地中海{{der|la|qfa-sub|-}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|plumbum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|plumbum<2>}}
# [[鉛]]{{gloss|金屬}}
# [[鉛球]]
# {{lb|la|poetic}} [[鉛管]]
# {{lb|la|新拉丁語}} [[鉛筆]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|plumbum<2>}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|鉛球}} {{l|la|plumbea}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|plumbum album}}
* {{l|la|plumbum nigrum}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col4|la
|plumbāgō
|plumbārium
|plumbārius
|plumbātūra
|plumbātus
|plumbea
|plumbeum
|plumbeus
|plumbō
|plumbōsus
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|pliumbu|pljumbu}}
** {{desc|ro|plumb}}
* 意大利羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|piombu}}
** {{desc|it|piombo}}
** {{desc|nap|chiummo}}
** {{desc|scn|chiummu}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|egl|piòmb}}
** {{desc|fur|plomp|plomb}}
** {{desc|lij|cióngio}}
** {{desc|lmo|piomb|piom}}
** {{desc|pms|piomb}}
** {{desc|rgn|piòmb}}
** {{desc|rm|plum|plùn|g2=m|plùm|g3=m|plom|g4=m}}
** {{desc|vec|piònbo}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|pllomb}}
** {{desctree|frm|plomb}}
*** {{desc|fr|plomb}} {{desc|fr|plombe|der=1|nolang=1}}
**** {{desc|de|Plombe|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|enm|plumbe|plumme}}
***** {{desc|en|plumb}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|plomo|plom}}
**: 里瓦戈爾薩方言:{{l|an|pllom}}
** {{desc|ca|plom}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|unc=1|ast|plomu|plombu}}
*** {{desc|es|plomo|bor=1|unc=1}} {{qualifier|也可以來自阿拉貢語或早期的半借詞}}
** {{desc|oc|plomb}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|gl|chumbo}}
** {{desc|pt|chumbo}} {{desc|pt|prumo|slb=1|nolang=1}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|peumu|piumbu|piumu|plumbu}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|sq|plumb|bor=1}}
** {{desc|li|plómb|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|plwm|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
{{C|la|化學元素|金屬|建築材料}}
==馬來語==
{{elements|ms|Pb|talium|Tl|timah wurung|Bi}}
===其他形式===
* {{l|ms|pelambam}}
* {{l|ms|ڤلومبوم|sc=Arab}}
* {{l|ms|ڤلمبم|sc=Arab}}
===詞源===
源自{{uder|ms|la|plumbum}},和{{cog|grc|μόλυβδος}} 相關。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|[plumbom]|[plumbəm]|[plambəm]}}
* {{rhymes|ms|umbom|bom|om}}
===名詞===
{{head|ms|名詞|Jawi spelling|ڤلومبوم}}
# [[鉛]]{{gloss|金屬}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|ms|timah hitam}} / {{l|ms|تيمه هيتم|sc=Arab}}
* {{l|ms|timbel}} / {{l|ms|تيمبل|sc=Arab}}
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{{also|республіка|рэспубліка}}
== 巴什基爾語 ==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ba|ru|респу́блика}},來自{{der|ba|la|rēspūblica}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[rʲis.ˈpub.lʲi.kä]}}
* {{hyphenation|ba|рес|пуб|ли|ка}}
===名詞===
{{ba-noun}}
# [[共和國]]
#: {{ux|ba|Иртәгә, туғыҙынсы ғинуарҙа, '''республикала''' яуым-төшөм көтөлмәй.|translation=明天,1月9日,在(巴什科爾托斯坦)'''共和國'''預計不會降雨。|q=來自廣播天氣預報。}}
====變格====
{{ba-noun-v|а}}
== 布里亞特語 ==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|bua|ru|респу́блика}},來自{{der|bua|la|rēspūblica}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|bua|/rʲes.pʊːb.li.ka/|[rʲɪs.pʰʊːb.lʲɪ.kʰɐ]}}
* {{hyph|bua|рес|пуб|ли|ка}}
===名詞===
{{head|bua|名詞}}
# [[共和國]]
#: {{uxi|bua|[[Буряад Республика|Буряад '''Республика''']]|布里亞特'''共和國'''}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|bua|名詞}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|bua|бүгэдэ найрамдаха улас}}
====上位語====
* {{l|bua|гүрэн|t=國家}}
* {{l|bua|улас|t=國家;人}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|bua|республиканец|t=共和國|pos=名詞}}
* {{l|bua|республиканска|t=共和國的|pos=形容詞}}
===參見===
* {{l|bua|монархи|t=君主國}}
==哈薩克語==
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
{{kk-regional|республика|رەسپۋبليكا}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|респу́блика}},來自{{der|kk|la|rēspūblica}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kk|/res.púwb.lij.kɑ/}}
* {{hyph|kk|рес|пуб|ли|ка}}
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[共和國]]
#: {{uxi|kk|[[Қазақстан Республикасы|Қазақстан '''Республикасы''']]|哈薩克斯坦'''共和國'''}}
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|а|а}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|kk|республикалық}}
* {{l|kk|республикашыл}}
== 哈卡斯語 ==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kjh|ru|респу́блика}};源頭來自{{der|kjh|la|rēspūblica}}。
===名詞===
{{head|kjh|名詞}}
# [[共和國]]
====變格====
{{rfinfl|kjh|名詞}}
== 茲梁科米語 ==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kpv|ru|республика}}。
===發音===
* {{kpv-IPA|респу́блика}}
* {{hyph|kpv|рес|пуб|ли|ка}}
===名詞===
{{head|kpv|名詞}}
# [[共和國]]
====變格====
{{kpv-decl-noun}}
===來源===
* {{R:kpv:Beznosikova:2000|page=558}}
{{C|kpv|政府體制}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ky|ru|респу́блика}},來自{{der|ky|la|rēspūblica}}。
===名詞===
{{ky-noun}}
# [[共和國]]
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ky|республикачы}}
* {{l|ky|республикалык}}
* {{l|ky|республикачыл}}
* {{l|ky|Кыргыз Республикасы}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|la|rēspūblica}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|респу́блика}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-республика.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|респу́блика}}
# [[共和國]]
#: {{uxi|ru|[[самопровозглашённый|самопровозглашённая]] '''респу́блика'''|自行宣稱的'''共和國'''}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|респу́блика}}
{{ru-noun-table|респу́блика|old=1}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|республика́нец}}
* {{l|ru|республика́нский}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|az|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|az|республика|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|respublika|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bua|республика|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|რესპუბლიკა|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|رەسپۋبليكا|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|республика|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kjh|республика|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kpv|республика|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ky|республика|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tuw-sol|rēspublik|der=1}}
* {{desc|sah|республика|bor=1}}, {{desc|sah|өрөспүүбүлүкэ|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|-}}
*: {{desc|tyv|respuʙlik|sc=Latn|der=1|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|tyv|республика|bor=1|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uz|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|республика|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|respublika|sclang=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|ru|Речь Посполи́тая|g=f|t={{lang|pl|Rzeczpospolita}},波蘭–立陶宛聯邦}}
== 雅庫特語 ==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|sah|ru|респу́блика}},來自{{der|sah|la|rēspūblica}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sah|/ɾes.puːb.li.ka/|[ɾe̞s.puːb.li̞.kä]}}
* {{hyph|sah|рес|пуб|ли|ка}}
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# {{topic|sah|政府體制}} {{alt form|sah|өрөспүүбүлүкэ|t=共和國|nocap=1}}
#: {{uxi|sah|[[Саха Республиката|Саха '''Республиката''']]|薩哈(雅庫特)'''共和國''' (1991–?)}}
#: {{uxi|sah|[[Саха Советскай Социалистическай Республиката|Саха Советскай Социалистическай '''Республиката''']]|雅庫特-薩哈蘇維埃社會主義自治'''共和國''' (1990–1991)}}
#: {{uxi|sah|[[Саха Автономнай Советскай Социалистическай Республиката|Саха Автономнай Советскай Социалистическай '''Республиката''']]|雅庫特蘇維埃社會主義自治'''共和國''' (1922–1990)}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|sah|名詞}}
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телевизор
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{{also|телевізор}}
==巴什基爾語==
[[Image:Tvwithantenna.jpg|thumb|350px|Телевизор.]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|ba|ru|телеви́зор||電視機}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[tʲi.lʲi.ˈvʲi.zɯ̞r]}}
* {{hyphenation|ba|те|ле|ви|зор}}
===名詞===
{{ba-noun}}
# [[電視]],[[電視機]]
#: {{ux|ba|Минең '''телевизор''' ҡарарға ваҡытым юҡ.|translation=我沒時間看'''電視'''。}}
====變格====
{{ba-ndecl-c|ы|р}}
{{C|ba|電視}}
==保加利亞語==
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|телеви́зор|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|телеви́зор|m}}
# [[電視機]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|телеви́зор<(v)>}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{C|bg|電視}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|телевизор|تەلەۆيزور}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|телеви́зор}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[電視機]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|о|р}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|kk|теледидар}}
{{C|kk|電視}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|mk}}
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|телеви́зор}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-телевизор.wav}}
* {{hyph|mk|те|ле|ви|зор}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m|head=телеви́зор|телеви́зори|adj=телеви́зорски|dim=телеви́зорче|aug=телеви́зориште}}
# [[電視]],[[電視機]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m|||телевизоре}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|mk|телевизија|g=f}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠲᠧᠯᠧᠸᠢᠽᠣᠷ|телевизор}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|телеви́зор|g=m-in-s}},來自{{der|mn|en|televisor|g=s}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mn|[tʰe̝ɮ.w̜iˑ.t͜sɘ̆r]}}
* {{hyph|mn|те|ле|ви|зор}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# [[電視]],[[電視機]]
====變格====
{{rfinfl|mn|名詞}}
===參見===
* {{l|mn|телевиз||電視}}
{{topics|mn|電視}}
==俄語==
{{wiki|lang=ru}}
[[Image:Braun HF 1.jpg|thumb|250px]]
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|телеви́зор}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-телевизор.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|телеви́зор}}
# [[電視]],[[電視機]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|телеви́зор}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|телеви́дение}}
* {{l|ru|телевизио́нный}}
* {{l|ru|телеви́зорный}}
* {{l|ru|те́лик}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|az|телевизор|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|televizor|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ba|телевизор|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|تەلەۋيزور|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|телевизор|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|телевизор|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲᠧᠯᠧᠸᠢᠽᠣᠷ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sjd|телевизэр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|телевизор|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|televizor|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|yi|טעלעוויזאָר|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|電視}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{m|sh|телеви́зија}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/telěʋiːzor/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|те|ле|ви|зор}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|телѐвӣзор|m-in}}
# [[電視]],[[電視機]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|телевизор|телевизори
|телевизора|телевизора
|телевизору|телевизорима
|телевизор|телевизоре
|телевизоре|телевизори
|телевизору|телевизорима
|телевизором|телевизорима
}}
===來源===
* {{R:sh:HJP|f19mXBd8}}
{{C|sh|電視}}
qxsvqx0i4cygzg42jbiuxa0xhxbezer
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{{also|isəm}}
==伊洛卡諾語==
===發音===
* {{ilo-IPA|a=Amianan}}
* {{ilo-IPA|isëm|a=Abagatan}}
* {{hyph|ilo|i|sem}}
===名詞===
{{ilo-noun|isëm|b=+}}
# [[微笑]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col|ilo|isman|umisem|naisem}}
==卡拜爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|kab|ber-pro|-}}。
===發音===
* {{kab-IPA}}
===詞源===
可能{{inh+|kab|ber-pro|*iʔsǝm}},{{inh+|kab|afa-pro|*sim-}}。
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ismawen}}
# [[名字]]
====屈折====
{{kab-infl-noun|yisem|ismawen|yismawen}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
==馬爾他語==
{{mt-root|s-m-j}}
===詞源===
{{ety|mt|:inh|ar:اِسْم|text=+|tree=1}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|mt|/ˈɪ.sɛm/}}
* {{audio|mt|LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-isem.wav|a=Gozo}}
* {{rhymes|mt|ɪsɛm|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{mt-noun|g=m|p=ismijiet}}
# [[名字]]
#: {{uxa|mt|L-akkużati għamlu użu minn '''ismijiet''' foloz.|被告使用了假'''名'''。}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|mt|jisem}}
===參見===
* {{l|mt|[[x'jismek]]?}}
* {{l|mt|[[jisimni]]...}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
可能{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|*iʔsǝm}},{{inh+|rif|afa-pro|*sim-}}。
===發音===
* {{rif-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ismawen}}
# [[名字]]
# {{lb|rif|by extension}} [[命名]][[日]]
====屈折====
{{rif-infl-noun|yisem|ismawen|yismawen}}
===參考資料===
* {{R|rif|Serhoual:2002}}
* {{R|rif|Abarrou:2024}}
{{c|rif|專名學}}
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==保加利亞語==
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|тра́ктор|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|тра́ктор|m|adj=тра́кторен}}
# {{lb|bg|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|тра́ктор<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:RBE2}}
{{C|bg|交通工具}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|трактор|تراكتور}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|тра́ктор}},來自{{der|kk|en|tractor}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kk|[ˈtraktər]}}
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# {{lb|kk|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|о|р}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|kk|тракторлық}}
* {{l|kk|тракторшы}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m|adj=тракторски|dim=тракторче}}
# {{lb|mk|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m|||тракторе}}
{{topics|mk|交通工具}}
==蒙古語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|mn|ru|тра́ктор}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA|трактәр}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ}}
# {{lb|mn|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
{{topics|mn|交通工具}}
==俄語==
[[Image:Güldner 14 PS.jpg|thumb|]]
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|тра́кторъ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|en|tractor}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|тра́ктор}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-трактор.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|тра́ктор|or|c||(1)|adj=тра́кторный}}
# {{lb|ru|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|тра́ктор|or|c||(1)}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|трактори́ст}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|տրակտոր|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|traktor|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zh|-|der=1}}
*: {{desc|yue|-}} {{zh-l|拖拉機|tr=to1 laai1 gei1}}
*: {{desc|dng|туәлаҗи}}
*: {{desc|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|拖拉機}}
*: {{desc|nan|-}} {{zh-l|拖拉機|tr=thoa-la-ki / tho-la-ki}}
** {{desc|pcc|toylayjiy|bor=1}}
** {{desc|my|ထော် လာဂျီ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|khb|ᦷᦒᧈᦟᦱᧈᦋᦲᧈ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bo|ཐོ་ལ་ཅི|bor=1}}
** {{desc|za|dohlahgih|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|dng|трактор}}
* {{desc|ka|ტრაქტორი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|traktora|alts=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|трактор|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|뜨락또르|bor=1}} {{i|北韓}}
* {{desc|ky|трактор|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|трактор|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|трактор|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|traktor|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|تراكتور|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|traktor|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|交通工具}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|тра̏ктор|m-in}}
# {{lb|sh|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|трактор|трактори
|трактора|трактора
|трактору|тракторима
|трактор|тракторе
|тракторе|трактори
|трактору|тракторима
|трактором|тракторима
}}
{{topics|sh|交通工具}}
==烏克蘭語==
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|тра́ктор}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-трактор.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|тра́ктор<c>|dim=тракторе́ць}}
# {{lb|uk|agriculture}} [[拖拉機]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|тра́ктор<c>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|交通工具}}
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{{亦|Love|løve|lőve|lové}}
==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/lʌv/|a=RP,GA}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-love.ogg|音頻 (RP)}}
* {{audio|en|En-us-love.ogg|音頻(通用美式)}}
* {{IPA|en|/lʊv/|a=北英格蘭,Ireland}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌv}}
===詞源(一)===
源自{{etyl|enm}} {{term|love|lang=enm}}、{{term|luve|lang=enm}},源自{{etyl|ang}} {{term|lufu||愛情、感情、願望|lang=ang}},源自{{proto|Germanic|lubō|愛|lang=en}},源自{{proto|Indo-European|lewbʰ-||leubʰ-|愛、關愛、願望|lang=en}}。與{{etyl|ofs|-}} {{term|luve||愛|lang=ofs}}、{{etyl|goh|-}} {{term|luba||愛|lang=goh}}同源。與古英語 {{term|leof|lēof|親愛的,心愛的|lang=ang}}、{{term|liefan|līefan|准許、贊許|lang=ang}}、{{etyl|la|-}} {{term|libet|libet|lang=la}}、{{term|lubo|lubō|取悅|lang=la}}、阿爾巴尼亞語 {{term|lyp||請求、乞求|lang=sq}}、{{term|lips||被需要的、被求的|lang=sq}}亦同源。
====名詞====
{{en-noun|~}}
#愛,熱愛
#愛好,癖好
#愛情,戀愛
#(稱呼)愛人,親愛的
#情人,情婦
#性愛,性關係
#惹人喜愛的人或物
#(''Love'')愛神
====動詞====
{{en-verb}}
#愛,熱愛
#愛,戀愛
#愛好,喜歡,(''would love to'')想要做…
#讚美,稱讚
#撫愛
===詞源(二)===
源自{{etyl|enm}} {{term|loven|lang=enm}}、{{term|lovien|lang=enm}},源自{{etyl|ang}} {{term|lofian||稱讚、讚揚、評估|lang=ang}},源自{{proto|Germanic|lubōnan|稱讚、起誓|lang=en}},源自{{proto|Indo-European|leubʰ-|喜歡、喜愛、渴求|lang=en}}。與{{etyl|sco|-}} {{term|love|lang=sco}}、{{term|lofe||稱讚、尊重|lang=sco}}、{{etyl|nl|-}} {{term|loven||稱讚|lang=nl}}、{{etyl|de|-}} {{term|loben||稱讚|lang=de}}、{{etyl|sv|-}} {{term|lova||保證、發誓|lang=sv}}、{{etyl|is|-}} {{term|lofa||保證|lang=is}}同源。另見 {{l|en|lofe}}。
====動詞====
{{en-verb}}
#{{及物|舊|方}} 稱讚,表揚
#{{及物|舊|方}} 估價,評價
===詞源(三)===
源自短語 {{term||Neither for love nor for money|lang=en}},意為“無、無任何東西”。
====名詞====
{{en-noun|-}}
#{{體}} 零分
{{挪威語|動}}
#[[答应]],[[保證]]
[[Category:待分類的英語詞]]
[[分類:英语动词]]
[[分類:英语名词]]
==捷克語==
===發音===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|cs|lo|ve}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|cs|rom|love}}。
====名詞====
{{cs-noun|f-p|indecl=1}}
# {{lb|cs|俚語}} [[錢]]
#: {{syn|cs|prachy}}
=====變格=====
{{cs-decl-noun-pl|love|love|love|love|love|love|love}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====名詞====
{{head|cs|名詞變格形|g=m}}
# {{inflection of|cs|lov||voc|s}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KNLA}}
{{C|cs|貨幣}}
==丹麥語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|da|/ˈlɔːvə/|[ˈlɔːʋə]|[ˈlɔːʊ]}}
===詞源1===
源自{{der|da|gml|lōve}},源自{{der|da|gem-pro|*galaubô}},和{{cog|de|Glaube}} 同源。
====名詞====
{{head|da|名詞|g=c}}
# {{lb|da|棄用}} [[信任]],[[信念]]
#: 僅用於短語 {{l|da|på tro og love||鄭重地}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:DDO|love,1}}
===詞源2===
源自{{der|da|non|lofa}},{{inh+|da|gem-pro|*galubōną|*(ga)lubōną}},和{{cog|sv|lova||承諾;讚揚}}、{{cog|de|loben||讚揚}}、{{m|de|geloben||發誓}}、{{cog|nl|loven||讚揚}} 同源。
====動詞====
{{head|da|動詞|過去式|lovede|過去分詞|lovet}}
# [[承諾]]
# {{lb|da|solemn}} [[讚揚]]
=====屈折=====
{{da-conj|lov||er|ede|h|et}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:DDO|love,2}}
* {{R:DDO|love,3}}
===詞源3===
See {{nonlemma}}
====名詞====
{{head|da|名詞變格形|g=c}}
# {{inflection of|da|lov||indef|p|nocat=1}}
==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-love.ogg|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{head|nl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{nl-verb form of|n=sg|t=pres|m=subj|loven}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|nl|velo|voel}}
==法語==
===發音===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-love.wav|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|lover||1|//3|s|pres|indc//subj|;|2|s|impr}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|fr|vélo|vole|volé}}
==弗留利語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fur|la|lupa}},{{m|la|lupus}} 的陰性。對照{{cog|vec|lova}}、{{cog|fr|louve}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|fur}}
===名詞===
{{fur-noun|f|pl=lovis}}
# [[母狼]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fur|lôf}}
{{c|fur|犬科動物|雌性動物}}
==漢斯立克語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|hrx|/ˈloːvə/}}
===動詞===
{{head|hrx|動詞}}
# [[讚揚]]
===延伸閱讀===
* [https://hunsriqueanoriograndense.wordpress.com/dicionario-werterbuch/ 漢斯立克語線上詞典]
==伊納里薩米語==
{{number box|smn|10}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|smn|smi-pro|*lokē}}
===數詞===
{{head|smn|數詞}}
# [[十]]
====屈折====
{{rfinfl|smn|數詞}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:smn:NDS-smnfin}}
* {{R:Álgu|38171}}
{{cln|smn|基數詞}}
==中古荷蘭語==
===名詞===
{{head|dum|名詞變格形|head=lōve}}
# {{inflection of|dum|lof||dat|s}}
==書面挪威語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|nb|non|lofa}}。
===動詞===
{{head|nb|動詞|祈使語氣|lov|現在時|lover|過去簡單式和過去分詞|lova|或|lovet|現在分詞|lovende}}
# [[讚揚]]
===動詞===
{{head|nb|動詞|祈使語氣|lov|現在時|lover|simple past|lova|或|lovet|或|lovte|或|lovde|過去分詞|lova|或|lovet|或|lovt|或|lovd|現在分詞|lovende}}
# to [[承諾]]
#: {{lb|nb|作為形容詞}} {{ux|nb|det '''lovede''' land|'''應許'''之地}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|nb|løfte}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nb:OB}}
{{c|nb|情緒}}
==新挪威語==
===動詞===
{{head|nn|動詞|現在時|lovar|或|lover|過去時|lova|或|lovde|過去分詞|lova|或|lovt|或|lovd|現在分詞|lovande|祈使語氣|lov}}
# {{alternative form of|nn|lova}}
===名詞===
{{nn-noun-m1}}
# {{alternative form of|nn|lóve}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|nn|a=elov|vole}}
==羅姆語==
===名詞===
{{head|rom|名詞}}
# {{plural of|rom|lovo}}
# [[錢]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|fr|lové|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|lóvé|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|lovea|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|лавэ́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sco|lowie|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|ло́ва|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|lóva|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|lóve|bor=1}}
{{c|rom|貨幣}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===名詞===
{{sh-noun form}}
# {{inflection of|sh|lov||voc|s}}
===動詞===
{{sh-verb form}}
# {{inflection of|sh|loviti||3|p|pres}}
c696gvc296vomqw36mr3r20mg3vifcn
friend
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==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en|Friendship}}
===词源===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*preyH-}}
源自{{inh|en|enm|frend}}、{{m|enm|freend}},源自{{inh|en|ang|frēond||朋友|lit=所愛之人}},源自{{inh|en|gmw-pro|*friund}},源自{{inh|en|gem-pro|*frijōndz||愛人,朋友}},源自{{der|en|ine-pro|*preyH-||喜歡,愛}},等同於{{suffix|enm|free|and|alt2=nd}}。
與{{cog|stq|Fjund}}、{{m|stq|Früünd|t=朋友}}、{{cog|fy|freon}}、{{m|fy|froen}}、{{m|fy|freondinne||朋友}}、{{cog|nl|vriend||朋友}}、{{cog|nds|Frund}}、{{m|nds|Fründ||朋友,親屬}}、{{cog|lb|Frënd|t=朋友}}、{{cog|de|Freund||朋友}}、{{cog|da|frænde||親屬}}、{{cog|sv|frände||親屬}}、{{cog|is|frændi||親屬}}、{{cog|got|𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃||朋友}}同源。參見{{m|en|free}}。
其他同源詞也包括{{cog|ru|приятель||朋友}}、{{cog|sa|प्रिय|tr=priyá-||鐘愛的}}。
===發音===
* {{a|en|RP|GA}} {{enPR|frĕnd}}、{{IPA|en|/fɹɛnd/|[fɹ̥end̥]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-friend.ogg|音頻(美式)}}
* {{audio|en|En-uk-friend.ogg|音頻(英式)}}
* {{IPA|en|/frɪnd/|a=現用於方言}}}<ref>{{R:Bingham IP|75}}</ref>
* {{rhymes|en|ɛnd|s=1}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# [[朋友]]
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|en
|a friend in need is a friend indeed
|best friend|befriend
|bosom friend
|boyfriend
|boy-friend
|boy friend
|circle of friends
|close friend
|fair-weather friend
|false friend
|feathered friend
|four-legged friend
|friendom
|friendhood
|friendish
|friendless
|friendly
|friend of Bill W.
|friend of mine
|friend of ours
|friendship
|friend with benefits
|Friends
|friends in high places
|friends list
|friendsome
|friend zone
|girlfriend
|girl-friend
|girl friend
|good friend
|half-friend
|identification friend or foe
|lady friend
|man's best friend
|nonfriend
|old friend
|penfriend
|pen-friend
|pen friend
|say hello to my little friend
|schoolfriend
|with friends like that, who needs enemies
|just friends
|more than friends
|unfriend
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|yue|-}} {{l|zh|friend|tr=fen{{sup|1}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|frendi|}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|frȅnd|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|фре̏нд|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:OneLook}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=definr|Friden|finder|frined|redfin|refin'd|refind}}
{{cln|en|愛稱}}
{{c|en|人}}
rbkddaetntj9jarwbmiejri6cacbj5a
fjord
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{{also|Fjord|fjørð|fjörð|fjǫrð}}
==英语==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
{{Commons}}
===词源===
[[File:Fjord1.JPG|thumb|{{lang|en|A fjord in [[Aurland]], [[Sogn og Fjordane]], [[Norway]]}}]]
{{root|en|ine-pro|*per- (行進)|*-tus}}
{{ubor|en|no|fjord}},源自{{der|en|non|fjǫrðr}},源自{{der|en|gem-pro|*ferþu}}、{{m|gem-pro|*ferþuz|t=水湾,峡湾}},<ref>{{R:OED Online|entry=fiord, fjord|part of speech=n|id=70499|date=1896|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref>源自{{der|en|ine-pro|*pértus|t=交叉口}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*per-|t=前}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-tus|pos=从动词词根构成动作名词的后缀}}。{{doublet|en|firth|ford|port}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈfiːɔːd/|/fiˈɔːd/|/fjɔːd/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/fiˈɔɹd/|/fjɔɹd/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-fjord.ogg|(美国)音频}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-fjord.ogg|(澳洲)音频}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔː(ɹ)d|s=1}}
* {{hyphenation|en|fjord}}
===名词===
{{en-noun}}
# [[峡湾]]
#* {{quote-book|en|author=T. D. W[hatley]|chapter=Section II. Norway.|title=A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries,{{nb...|with a Minute Description of Copenhagen, Stockholm, St. Petersburg, and Moscow. With a Map and Plans.}}|location=London|publisher=[[w:en:John Murray (publisher)|John Murray]],{{nb...|Albemarle Street.}}; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong|year=1839|page=73|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=37lDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA73|oclc=720138447|passage=About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the '''fjord''' which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the "border stream" never to return.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Harriet Martineau|chapter=The Water Sprites’ Doings.|title=Feats on the Fiord. A Tale|series=The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly|seriesvolume=3|location=London|publisher=[[w:en:Charles Knight (publisher)|Charles Knight & Co.]],{{nb...|Ludgate Street.}}|year=1841|pages=123–124|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ0zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123|oclc=173287509|passage=At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the '''fiord''' were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the '''fiord''', for some chance of seeing the boat.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days)|location=London|publisher=[[w:en:Sampson Low|Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited]]{{nb...|St. Dunstan’s House, Fetter Lane, E.C.}}|month=August|year=1894|page=46|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ui0BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA46|oclc=460479093|passage=Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne '''fjord''' is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the "glacial epoch," thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out '''fjords''' to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine '''fjords''', and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:en:Ralph Stockman Tarr|Ralph S[tockman] Tarr]]|chapter=General Physiography|title=The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska|series={{w|United States Geographical Survey}}, [[w:en:United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]], Professional Paper|seriesvolume=64|section=part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology)|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[w:en:United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]]|year=1909|page=15|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbUPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA15|oclc=1053092385|passage=Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled '''fiord'''. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Richard A. Hebert|chapter=Hancock County|title=Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Edward Gardner Lewis|Lewis Historical Publishing Company]]|year=1951|volume=II|section=part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine)|page=281|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1g8hAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA281|oclc=|passage=In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural '''fjord''' on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|chapter=Description of the Environment|title=Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86|location=[Washington, D.C.|publisher=Alaska Planning Group, {{w|lang=en|National Park Service}}, [[w:en:United States Department of the Interior|Department of the Interior]]]|month=December|year=1973|section=section II.A.1 (Physical Environment)|page=51|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ek3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA52|oclc=966751967|passage=The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual '''fjords''' vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the '''fjords''' [...].}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=M. E. Inall; P. A. Gillibrand|chapter=The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review|editors=J. A. Howe; W. E. N. Austin; M. Forwick; M. Paetzel|title=Fjord Systems and Archives|series=Geographical Society Special Publication|seriesvolume=no. 344|location=London|publisher=[[w:en:Geological Society of London|The Geological Society]]|year=2010|page=17|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTOvGGUYNokC&pg=PA17|isbn=978-1-86239-312-7|passage=Why should the flow of water within a '''fjord''' be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on '''fjords''' as archives of Holocene climate change.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=J. N. Moum; W. D. Smyth|chapter=Upper Ocean Mixing|editors=J. Kirk Cochran; Henry J. Bokuniewicz; Patricia L. Yager|title=Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences|location=London; San Diego, Calif.|publisher=w:Academic Press|year=2019|volume=I (Marine Biogeochemistry)|page=75|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2-SDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA75|isbn=978-0-12-813081-0|passage='''Fiords''' are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the '''fiords''', often leading to strong stratification. '''Fiords''' with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the '''fiord''', mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.}}
====其他形式====
* {{alter|en|fiord||现主要用于新西兰}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3|en
|fjorded
|fjord horse
|fjordic
|fjording
|fjordlike
}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|en|fjard}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|フィヨルド|tr=fiyorudo}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
{{C|en|水體|地形|水}}
==捷克语==
{{wikipedia|lang=cs}}
{{commons|lang=cs}}
===词源===
{{bor+|cs|non|fjǫrðr}}。
===发音===
* {{cs-IPA}}
===名词===
{{cs-noun|m-in}}
# [[峡湾]]
====变格====
{{cs-ndecl|m}}
{{C|cs|水體}}
==丹麦语==
{{wikipedia|lang=da}}
{{Commons|lang=da}}
===词源===
源自{{der|da|gmq-oda||fiorth}},源自{{der|da|non|fjǫrðr|t=峡湾}},源自{{der|da|gem-pro|*ferþuz|t=峡湾}},源自{{der|da|ine-pro|*pértus|t=交叉口}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|da|[ˈfjoɐ̯ˀ]}}
* {{rhymes|da|oːɐ̯|s=1}}
* {{homophones|da|fjor}}
===名词===
{{da-noun|en|e}}
# [[峡湾]]
====屈折====
{{da-noun-infl|en|e}}
{{C|da|水體}}
==荷兰语==
{{wikipedia|lang=nl}}
{{Commons|lang=nl}}
===词源===
借自{{bor|nl|no|fjord}},源自{{der|nl|non|fjǫrðr}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|nl|/fjɔrt/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-fjord.ogg|音频}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|fjord}}
* {{rhyme|nl|ɔrt}}
===名词===
{{nl-noun|m|-en|+}}
# [[峡湾]]
# {{w|挪威峡湾马}}
#: {{syn|nl|fjordenpaard}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der2|nl
|fjordenkust
|fjordenpaard
}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|nl|voord}}
{{C|nl|水體}}
==法语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fr}}
{{Commons|lang=fr}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|fr|fiord}}
[[Image:Fjord1.JPG|thumb|fjord]]
===词源===
{{bor+|fr|no|fjord}},源自{{der|fr|non|fjǫrðr}}。{{doublet|fr|port}}。
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA|fiorde|fior}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-Paris--fjord.ogg|(法国巴黎)音频}}
* {{IPA|fr|/fjɔʁ/|/fjɔː(ʁ)/|a=Quebec}}
===名词===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[峡湾]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|fiord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|fiyort}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vi|phi-oóc}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|水體}}
==匈牙利语==
{{wikipedia|lang=hu}}
{{Commons|lang=hu}}
===发音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{audio|hu|Hu-fjord.ogg|音频}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|fjord}}
* {{rhymes|hu|ord|s=1}}
[[Image:Gilsfjörður-Iceland-20030529.jpg|thumb|fjord]]
===名词===
{{hu-noun|ok}}
# [[峡湾]]
====变格====
{{hu-infl-nom|fjordo|o}}{{hu-pos-otok|fjord|j|jai}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Bakos 1989}}
{{topics|hu|水體}}
==书面挪威语==
{{wikipedia|lang=no}}
{{commons|lang=no}}
[[Image:Sognefjord, Norway.jpg|thumb|fjord]]
===词源===
源自{{der|nb|da|fjord}},源自{{der|nb|gmq-oda|fiorth}},源自{{der|nb|non|fjǫrðr}},源自{{der|nb|gem-pro|*ferþuz|t=峡湾}},源自{{der|nb|ine-pro|*pértus|t=交叉口}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|nb|/fjuːr/|[fjuːɾ]}}
{{rfap|nb}}
===名词===
{{nb-noun-m1}}
# [[峡湾]]
====用法说明====
用作峡湾名时作 -'''fjorden'''。
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|nb
|fjordarm
|fjordhest
|fjordsjø
|Oslofjorden
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|fiord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|fjord}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|en|fjord}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|fr|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ფიორდი}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|de|Fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|fiordo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|fiord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|fiorde}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|фьорд}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|фјо̏рд}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|fjȍrd}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|fiordo}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
{{R:nb:OB}}
{{C|nb|水體}}
==新挪威语==
{{wikipedia|lang=nn}}
{{commons|lang=nn}}
===词源===
源自{{der|nn|non|fjǫrðr}},源自{{der|nn|gem-pro|*ferþuz|t=峡湾}},源自{{der|nn|ine-pro|*pértus|t=交叉口}}。与{{cog|en|firth}}有关。
===发音===
* {{IPA|nn|/fjuːr/}}
* {{IPA|nn|/fjuːɽ/|a=thick l}}
* {{IPA|nn|[fjo̞ːɾˠ]|a=Sunnmøre}}
{{rfap|nn}}
===名词===
{{nn-noun-m1}}
# [[峡湾]]
====用法说明====
用作峡湾名时作 -'''fjorden'''。
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|nn
|fjordarm
|fjordhest
|fjordsjø
|Oslofjorden
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|fiord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|fjord}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|en|fjord}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|fr|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ფიორდი}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|de|Fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|fiordo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|fiord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|fiorde}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|фьорд}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|фјо̏рд}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|fjȍrd}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|fjord}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|fiordo}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
{{R:nn:OB}}
{{C|nn|水體}}
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
{{wikipedia|lang=sh}}
{{Commons|lang=sh}}
===词源===
源自{{der|sh|no|fjord}},源自{{der|sh|non|fjǫrðr}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sh|/fjôrd/}}
===名词===
{{sh-noun|fjȍrd|m-in}}
# [[峽灣]]
====变格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|fjȍrd|fjòrdovi
|fjorda|fjòrdōvā
|fjordu|fjordovima
|fjord|fjordove
|fjorde|fjordovi
|fjordu|fjordovima
|fjordom|fjordovima
}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sh:HJP|fFlmXxk%3D}}
{{C|sh|水體}}
==斯洛伐克语==
{{wikipedia|lang=sk}}
{{Commons|lang=sk}}
===词源===
{{der+|sk|non|fjǫrðr}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sk|/ˈfjɔrt/}}
===名词===
{{sk-noun|m-in|gen=fjordu|pl=fjordy|genpl=fjordov|decl=dub}}
# [[峡湾]]
====变格====
{{sk-ndecl|m-in|g=u}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sk:SDK}}
{{C|sk|水體}}
==瑞典语==
{{wikipedia|lang=sv}}
{{Commons|lang=sv}}
===词源===
{{root|sv|ine-pro|*per-|id=行進}}
源自{{inh|sv|gmq-osw|fiordher}},源自{{inh|sv|non|fjǫrðr}},源自{{inh|sv|gmq-pro|*ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ}},源自{{inh|sv|gem-pro|*ferþuz|t=峡湾}},源自{{inh|sv|ine-pro|*pértus|t=交叉口}}。{{doublet|sv|fjärd}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sv|/ˈfjuːrd/|[ˈfjuːɖ]|/ˈfjoːrd/|[ˈfjoːɖ]}}
===名词===
{{sv-noun|c}}
# [[峡湾]]
====变格====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sv|fjärd}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:svenska.se|saob}}
* {{R:Etymonline}}
{{C|sv|水體}}
afznrs6fpgb337ig9f3f8rv016veeqk
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{{also|Japaõ}}
==葡萄牙語==
===替代形式===
* {{l|pt|Iapam}} {{qualifier|廢棄}}
* {{l|pt|Japam}} {{qualifier|廢棄}}
* {{l|pt|Japaõ}} {{qualifier|廢棄}}
===詞源===
源自{{etyl|ms|pt}} {{mention|ms|Jepang}},源自{{mention|ms|Jepun}},派生自{{der|pt|nan|-}}{{mention|nan|日本|tr=Ji̍t-pún}}。
===發音===
* {{a|pt|Portugal}} {{IPA|pt|/ʒɐ.ˈpɐ̃w̃/}}
* {{a|pt|Brazil}} {{IPA|pt|/ʒa.ˈpɐ̃w̃/}}
===專有名詞===
{{pt-proper noun|m}}
# [[日本]]
====引文====
{{seeCites|pt}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|pt|japonês}}
* {{l|pt|japonesar}}
* {{l|pt|japónico}}
* {{l|pt|japonismo}}
* {{l|pt|japonizar}}
====派生詞====
借詞也可能源自{{cog|nl|Japan}}。
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|اليابان|tr=al-yābān}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|Japan}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|en|Japan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|Jaapan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|Japani}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|fr|Japon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Japan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|is|Japan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|יפן|tr=yapan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|Japán}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|Japāna}} {{i|perhaps via another European borrowing}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|Japan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|Japonia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|Јапан|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|Japan|sclang=1}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|es|Japón}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|Japan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fy|Japan}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|be|ru|аку́ла}},見下方。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|аку́ла}}
{{rfap|be}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|аку́ла<anml>}}
# [[鯊魚]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|аку́ла<anml>}}
===來源===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|bg|ru|аку́ла}},見下方。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|аку́ла|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|аку́ла|f}}
# [[鯊魚]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|аку́ла<(v)>}}
{{C|bg|魚}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|акула|اكۋلا}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|аку́ла}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[鯊魚]]
====變格====
{{kk-decl-noun
|акула|акулалар
|акуланың|акулалардың
|акулаға|акулаларға
|акуланы|акулаларды
|акулада|акулаларда
|акуладан|акулалардан
|акуламен|акулалармен
}}
{{C|kk|魚}}
==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|а́ккула||方言 (北部)}}
===詞源===
現今形式的直接來源起於18世紀,當時作{{m|ru|а́ккула}}和{{m|ru|аку́л}},而在一可追溯至16世紀晚期或17世紀早期的來源中,衍生詞{{m|ru|акулий}}則是用於指從小頭睡鯊提煉出的魚油。
Anikin 認為不是直接借自明顯有差異的{{der|ru|non|hákarl}}(可參見該處的詞源),他認為可能是經由{{bor|ru|smi}}而來。
對照{{cog|no|håkall|pos=方言}}、{{cog|sms|akkli}}、{{cog|sjd|а̄һклэӈӈк}}、{{cog|se|áhkạlakkis|t=小頭睡鯊}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|аку́ла}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-акула.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|аку́ла|a=an|adj=аку́лий|dim=аку́лка}}
# [[鯊魚]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|аку́ла|a=an}}
{{ru-noun-table|аку́ла|a=an|old=1}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|akula|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|ակուլա|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|акула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|аку́ла|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|аку́ла|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|акула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|აკულა|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|akula|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|акула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|акула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|ајкула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|а̏јкула|sclang=1|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ȁjkula|sclang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|акула|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|akula|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|аку́ла|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ئاكۇلا|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|akula|bor=1}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|акулёнок}}
{{topics|ru|魚}}
==韃靼語==
{{tt-variant|z=akula}}
===名詞===
{{head|tt|名詞}}
# [[鯊魚]]
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|uk|ru|аку́ла}},見上方。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|аку́ла}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-акула.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|аку́ла<anml>}}
# [[鯊魚]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|аку́ла<anml>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|魚}}
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{{also|Appendix:"ari"的變體}}
{{minitoc}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==阿爾巴尼亞語==
{{wikipedia|sq:+u}}
[[File:Ours brun parcanimalierpyrenees 2.jpg|thumb|Një ari]]
===詞源===
{{etymon|sq|id=bear|:inh|sqj-pro:*artsa<id:bear>|tree=1}}
逆構自複數 {{m|sq|arinj}},這個複數形式繼承自古阿爾巴尼亞語 ''ar'',*''arth'' 的縮短,-''th'' 被誤當成指小後綴,源自{{der|sq|sqj-pro|*artsa}},源自{{der|sq|ine-pro|*h₂ŕ̥tḱos}}。<ref>Vladimir Orel, ''Albanian Etymological Dictionary'', s.v. "ari" (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 8-9.</ref>輔音簇 ''tḱ'' 在原始阿爾巴尼亞語中規則脫落了其中的 ''t''。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sq|/aˈɾi/}}
{{rfap|sq}}
===名詞===
{{sq-noun|m|arinj|ariu|arinjtë}}
# [[熊]]
====變格====
{{sq-noun-m|nj|u|ë}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sq|arushë}}
* {{l|sq|arushan}}
* {{l|sq|arushkë}}
* {{l|sq|ari polar}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sq:FGJSH:2006}}
* {{R:sq:FGJSSH:1980}}
{{c|sq|熊科動物|哺乳動物}}
==巴厘語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|ban|/ari/|}}
* {{hyphenation|ban|a|ri}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ban|jv|ꦲꦫꦶ|tr={{l|jv|ari}}|t=兄弟姊妹}},源自{{der|ban|kaw|[[ari]], [[aḍi]]}},源自{{der|ban|poz-pro|*huaji}},源自{{der|ban|map-pro|*Suaji}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ban|名詞|巴厘文|ᬳᬭᬶ}}
# [[弟弟]][[妹妹]]
===詞源2===
源自{{der|ban|sa|हरि|t=毗濕奴-黑天的名字}}。
====專有名詞====
{{head|ban|專有名詞|巴厘文|ᬳᬭᬶ}}
# [[毗濕奴]]
===詞源3===
{{bor+|ban|kaw|ari|t=敵人}},源自{{der|ban|sa|अरि|t=敵人}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ban|名詞|巴厘文|ᬅᬭᬶ}}
# [[終末]],[[末尾]]
# [[敵人]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KBB|ari}}
==巴斯克語==
===發音===
{{eu-pr}}
===名詞===
{{eu-noun|in}}
# {{lb|eu|rare}} [[活動]],[[活躍]]
#: {{syn|eu|jardun}}
====用法說明====
常用於助動詞 {{m|eu|ari izan}},作為進行體的標誌。
====變格====
{{eu-ndecl|in}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|eu|ari izan|aritu}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:eu:EH}}
* {{R:eu:OEH}}
==伯塔維語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|bew|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|bew|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|bew|map-pro|*waʀi}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|bew|/ari/}}
** {{audio|bew|LL-Q33014 (bew)-Bang Ilok (Bangrapip)-ari.wav|Audio|a=Bekasi}}
* {{rhyme|bew|i}}
* {{hyph|bew|a|ri}}
===名詞===
{{head|bew|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
#: {{syn|bew|sari}}
# [[時間]][[段]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col|bew
|gini ari
|kapan ari
|seari
|searian
|seari-ari
|seari-arian
|tèmpo ari}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|bew
|mataari
|sari
|tengari}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:bew:Chaer:2009|page=17}}
{{C|bew|時間|時間單位}}
==博羅洛語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|bor|/ˈaːɾii̥/}}
===名詞===
{{head|bor|名詞}}
# [[月亮]]
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{ca-adj}}
# [[雅利安]]的
===名詞===
{{ca-noun|m|f=+}}
# [[雅利安人]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
{{C|ca|民族名稱}}
==宿霧語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ceb|ali||祈使語氣}}
===詞源===
與 {{m|ceb|diri||這裡}} 和 {{m|ceb|kari||這個}} 來自同一詞根。類似的發展可對照 {{m|ceb|anhi}}、{{m|ceb|anha}}、{{m|ceb|adto}}。
===發音===
* {{hyph|ceb|a|ri}}
* {{ceb-IPA|arí}}
===動詞===
{{ceb-verb|arí|b=+}}
# [[來]],[[過來]] {{qualifier|到靠近說話者的地方}}
#: {{syn|ceb|anhi}}
#: {{ux|ceb|'''Paaria''' si Jun-jun diri karon dayon.|讓君君現在就'''過來'''這邊。}}
====用法說明====
* 有些方言會用 {{m|ceb|adto}}。
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ceb|moari|mang-ari|iari|arihon}}
==丹尼語==
===代詞===
{{head|dny|代詞|g=m|陰性|aru}}
# [[這個]]
===代詞===
{{head|dny|代詞}}
# [[我們]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:Dicionário deni-português}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
{{clipping|hu|aranyos||可愛的}} + {{af|hu|-i|pos1=指小}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|hu|ri}}
===形容詞===
{{hu-adj|bb}}
# {{lb|hu|口語}} [[可愛]]的
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|ari|o}}
==伊巴洛伊語==
===名詞===
{{head|ibl|名詞}}
# [[國王]]
==伊班語==
===詞源===
對照{{cog|ms|dari}}。
===介詞===
{{head|iba|介詞}}
# [[自]],[[從]]
==冰島語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|is|non|ari}},{{inh+|is|gem-pro|*arô}},{{inh+|is|ine-pro|*h₃érō}}。原始日耳曼語保留了零階後綴 ''-n''。此詞形是古諾爾斯語規則化為 ''an''-詞幹陽性名詞的結果。對照同樣是繼承詞,但規則化作 ''u''-詞幹的 {{m|is|örn}}(類似 {{m|is|björn}})。
===發音===
* {{IPA|is|/ˈaːrɪ/}}
* {{rhymes|is|aːrɪ|s=2}}
* {{homophones|is|Ari}}
===名詞===
{{is-noun|@@}}
# {{lb|is|poetic}} [[鷹]]
#: {{syn|is|örn}}
====變格====
{{is-ndecl|m}}
==伊洛卡諾語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ilo|tl|hari}},最终源自{{der|ilo|kaw|haji}},源自{{cog|poz-pol-pro|*qariki}}。對照{{cog|pam|ari}}、{{cog|cyo|adi}}、{{cog|bcl|hadi}}、{{cog|ceb|hari}}、{{cog|war|hadi}}、{{cog|msk|ari}}、{{cog|jv|ꦲꦗꦶ}}、{{cog|ms|aji}}、{{cog|mi|ariki}}。
===發音===
* {{ilo-IPA}}
* {{hyph|ilo|a|ri}}
===名詞===
{{ilo-noun|ári|b=+}}
# [[國王]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ilo|agari}}
==印尼語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|id|/ˈa.ri/}}
* {{rhymes|id|a|ri|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|id|a|ri}}
===詞源1===
{{rfe|id}}
====名詞====
{{head|id|名詞}}
# [[馬廄]]
====動詞====
{{head|id|動詞|主動|mengari|被動|diari}}
# {{lb|id|及物}} [[束縛]]
#: {{syn|id|tambat}}
===詞源2===
{{rfe|id}}
====名詞====
{{head|id|名詞}}
# [[薄片]],[[薄層]]
===詞源3===
{{unk|id}},可能{{lbor|id|sa|हरि|t=蛇}}。
====名詞====
{{head|id|名詞}}
# {{ellipsis of|id|ular ari|t=一種蛇}}
===詞源4===
受到{{bor|id|bew|ari||日,天}} 的影響。
====名詞====
{{head|id|名詞}} {{tlb|id|方言|Jakarta}}
# {{alt form|id|hari|t=日,天}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|id
|seari-arian
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}
==伊拉努語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ill|phi-pro|*huaji}},{{inh+|ill|poz-pro|*huaji}},{{inh+|ill|map-pro|*Suaji}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ill|名詞}}
# [[弟弟]],[[妹妹]]
{{C|ill|家庭成員}}
==意大利語==
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|arare||2|s|pres|indc|;|1//2//3|s|pres|subj|;|3|s|impr}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=air|-irà|RAI|Rai|ira|rai|ria|rià}}
==日語==
===羅馬化===
{{ja-romaji}}
# {{ja-romanization of|あり}}
==爪哇語==
===羅馬化===
{{jv-rom}}
# {{romanization of|jv|ꦲꦫꦶ}}
==加勞語==
===名詞===
{{head|kyj|名詞}}
# [[國王]]
==肯達揚語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|knx|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|knx|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|knx|map-pro|*waʀi}}。
===名詞===
{{head|knx|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
{{C|knx|時間|時間單位}}
==克寧賈爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|knl|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|knl|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|knl|map-pro|*waʀi}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|knl|/a.ɣi/}}
* {{audio|knl|LL-Q6389309 (knl)-Mario Manggit (Neyana999)-ari.wav}}
===名詞===
{{head|knl|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
{{C|knl|時間|時間單位}}
==拉脫維亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|lv|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|lv|art||2|s|過去|ind}}
==馬迪語==
===詞源===
和{{cog|lgg|àrḯ}} 同源。
===發音===
* {{mhi-IPA|ãrí}}
* {{hyph|mhi|a|ri}}
===名詞===
{{mhi-noun|ãrí}}
# [[血液]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:mhi:Blackings & Fabb:2003|page=45}}
{{C|mhi|體液}}
==望加錫語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|mak|/ˈari/|[ˈa.ri]}}
* {{hyphenation|mak|a|ri}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|mak|poz-ssw-pro|*adi|t=}}、{{der|mak|poz-pro|*huaji|t=}}、{{der|mak|map-pro|*Suaji|t=弟弟,妹妹}}。
====名詞====
{{mak-noun}}
# [[弟弟]],[[妹妹]]
#: {{syn|mak|andiʼ<qq:Lakiung>}}
===詞源2===
對照{{cognate|jv|ꦲꦫꦶ|tr=ari|t=休息,停止,停留}}。
====詞根====
{{mak-root}}
# {{ng|表示休息或停止的词根}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|mak|title=帶詞綴形式
| ammari
| pammari
| ariang
| ari-ariang
| paari
}}
{{col|mak|title=複合詞
| bosi-ari-ari
}}
===延伸閱讀===
{{R:mak:Cense:1979}}
==馬來語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ms|jv|ari}},源自{{der|ms|kaw|aḍi}},源自{{der|ms|poz-pro|*huaji}},源自{{der|ms|map-pro|*Suaji}}。
===發音===
{{ms-IPA|a=SV,AV,Baku}}
* {{rhymes|ms|ri|i|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ms|a|ri}}
===名詞===
{{ms-noun|j=اري}}
# {{alt form of|ms|adik|from=爪哇}}
==曼薩卡語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|msk|poz-pro}},對比{{cog|mi|ariki}}。
===名詞===
{{head|msk|名詞|head=arì}}
# [[國王]]
{{C|msk|領導人}}
==毛利語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mi|poz-pol-pro|*qali|t=裸露的,暴露的,清晰可见的}}。和{{cog|rar|ari|t=(水)闪闪发光的}}同源。
===發音===
* {{mi-IPA|ari|stress='-}}
===動詞===
{{mi-verb}}
# {{lb|mi|stative}} [[清晰]],[[明顯]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|mi|whakaari}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Te Aka 3}}
==米南佳保語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|min|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|min|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|min|map-pro|*waʀi}}。與{{cog|ms|hari}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{head|min|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|min|matoari}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:min:PPPB 1985|24}}
{{C|min|時間|時間單位}}
==莫基爾語==
{{number box|mkj|2}}
===數詞===
{{head|mkj|數詞}}
# [[二]](用於數數)
===參考資料===
* Harrison, Sheldon P., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv9zck9g Mokilese Reference Grammar], University of Hawaii Press 1977
==穆阿朗語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mtd|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|mtd|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|mtd|map-pro|*waʀi}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mtd|/a.ɣi/}}
===名詞===
{{head|mtd|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
{{C|mtd|時間|時間單位}}
==古爪哇語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|kaw|poz-pro|*huaji-q}},對比{{cog|ms|adik}}。
====名詞====
{{head|kaw|名詞}}
# [[弟弟]],[[妹妹]]
=====其他形式=====
* {{l|kaw|aḍi}}
* {{l|kaw|hari}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col4|kaw|
| aṅari
}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|jv|ari}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ban|ari}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|kaw|sa|अरि|t=敵人}}。
====名詞====
{{head|kaw|名詞}}
# [[敵人]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|ban|ari}}
===詞源3===
====助詞====
{{head|kaw|助詞}}
# {{n-g|強調助詞}}
===詞源4===
{{rfe|kaw}}
====動詞====
{{head|kaw|動詞}}
# {{alt sp|kaw|[[harih]], [[arih]], [[hari]], [[ari]]|t=抚慰}}
===詞源5===
{{rfe|kaw}}
====動詞====
{{head|kaw|動詞}}
# [[停止]]
=====其他形式=====
* {{l|kaw|antĕn}}
* {{l|kaw|antun}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col4|kaw|
| umari
| mari
| māri
| tan ari
| tan āri
| aṅareni
| mareni
| aṅaryakĕn
| maryakĕn
| inaryakĕn
| kāri
| kari
| pakari
| kinaryakĕn
| amāryani
| amāryakĕn
}}
==古諾爾斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|non|gem-pro|*arô}},{{inh+|non|ine-pro|*h₃érō||eagle}}。
===名詞===
{{non-noun|m|ara|arar}}
# [[鷹]]
#: {{syn|non|ǫrn}}
#* {{Q|non|year=936|Egill Skallagrímsson|Hǫfuðlausn|10|7–8|quote=trað nipt Nara · náttverð '''ara'''|t=纳尔弗的亲戚 [指赫尔] 践踏了'''雄鹰'''的夜间食物 [指屍體]}}
====變格====
{{non-decl-m-an|ar|ǫr}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|is|ari}}
* {{desc|nn|are}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:non:Zoega}}
{{C|non|鳥|猛禽}}
==克丘亞語==
===連詞===
{{head|qu|連詞}}
# [[然後]]
===名詞===
{{head|qu|名詞}}
# [[邊緣]]
# [[尖利]]
====變格====
{{qu-noun-v}}{{qu-poss-v}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|ro|[arʲ]}}
===動詞===
{{head|ro|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|ro|ara||2|s|pres|ind//sub}}
==塞貝魯昂語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sbx|poz-mly-pro|*ari}},{{inh+|sbx|poz-pro|*waʀi}},{{inh+|sbx|map-pro|*waʀi}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sbx|/a.ɣi/}}
===名詞===
{{head|sbx|名詞}}
# [[日]],[[天]]
{{C|sbx|時間|時間單位}}
==巽他語==
{{su-set|le=dupi|lo=ari}}
===介詞===
{{head|su|介詞|巽他文|ᮃᮛᮤ}}
# [[對於]],[[關於]]
#: {{uxi|su|'''Ari''' imahna Nénéng di palih mana|Neneng 家在哪裡?|lit='''對於''' Neneng 的家,在哪個方向?}}
# [[如果]]
#: {{syn|su|lamun}}
#: {{uxi|su|Paingan wé geus euweuh '''ari''' ku manéh dihakan kabéh mah!|怪不得一点都没有了,是你吃光了!}}
# 在……的[[時候]] {{n-g|(一般後接{{l|su|kecap panganteur|表始動詞}})}}
#: {{syn|su|pas}}
#: {{uxi|su|'''Ari''' gék, gubrag ngajengkang|我剛一坐下,就往後摔倒了}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KSun1985}}
* "ARI", in {{R:Coolsma}}
==斯瓦希里語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|sw|ar}}。
===發音===
* {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-ari.flac|a=Kenya}}
===名詞===
{{sw-noun|n}}
# [[渴望]];[[熱情]]
==他加祿語==
===詞源1===
====發音====
{{tl-pr|arì}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|arì|b=+}}
# [[財產]],[[資產]]
#: {{syn|tl|propyedad}}
# {{lb|tl|euphemistic}} [[私處]]
#: {{syn|tl|maselang bahagi|punong-katawan<q:棄用>|talapak<q:棄用>}}
# {{lb|tl|rare}} [[對待]];[[考慮]],[[顧及]]
#: {{syn|tl|turing}}
# {{lb|tl|possibly|棄用}} [[擁有]],[[佔有]]
# {{lb|tl|棄用}} [[據為己有]]
#: {{syn|tl|kuha|angkin}}
# {{lb|tl|棄用}} 將某物視為好或壞
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|ari-arian|ariin|may-ari|paari|pag-aari|pagkamay-ari|pagmamay-ari|mag-ari}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|tl|ms|jadi||變成,成為}},Zorc (1979) 認為源自{{uder|tl|sa|जाति||出生}}。對照{{cog|agv|adi}}。{{dbt|tl|dati|hati|Henesis|yari}}。
====發音====
{{tl-pr|arì}}
====形容詞====
{{tl-adj|arì|b=+}} {{tlb|tl|now|方言}}
# {{lb|tl|Batangas}} [[能夠]]的;[[可能]]的;可[[接受]]的,[[允許]]的
#: {{syn|tl|maari|maaari|puwede|posible}}
#: {{ux|tl|Ikaw ga ay '''ari'''ng pumasok dine?|你可以進去嗎?}}
# {{lb|tl|Marinduque}} [[合身]]的
#: {{syn|tl|kasiya|bagay}}
#: {{ux|tl|'''Ari''' baga sa paa mo?|'''合'''脚吗?}}
=====用法說明=====
* {{s|能夠的,可能的}} 在标准他加禄语中不再单独使用,除非用于派生词。
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|maaari|di-maaari|di-naari}}
===詞源3===
====發音====
{{tl-pr|arí,aré<q:口語>}}
====代詞====
{{tl-pron|arí|b=+}} {{tlb|tl|chiefly|Batangas|Mindoro|Marinduque}}
# [[這個]]
#: {{syn|tl|ito|q1=馬尼拉|iri|q2=呂宋中部}}
#: {{ux|tl|Ano ga '''ari'''?|'''這'''是什麼?}}
=====其他形式=====
* {{alt|tl|are}}
====參見====
{{tl-dem pronouns}}
===詞源4===
====發音====
{{tl-pr|arî}}
====名詞====
{{tl-noun|arî|b=+}} {{tlb|tl|棄用}}
# 以[[嘲讽]]、[[嬉闹]]或[[戏谑]]的方式表达对某事物的[[欣赏]]
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|tl|mapaari|paari}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Pambansang Diksiyonaryo}}
* {{R:Diccionario tagálog-hispano}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1860}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala}}
* {{R:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1613}}
** page 25: “Admirarſe) Ari (pc) de algo por burla, retoço, o ẽſado”
** page 96: “Ay) Ari (pc) admirandoſe, pero con burla, ſiburlandole aprietan lamano, o dan otro dolor”
** page 342: “Hacienda) Ari (pp) o ajuar de caſa”
** page 440: “Natura) Ari (pp) del hombre o dela muger”
** page 492: “Poſeer) Ari (pp) algo con propiedad”
** page 572: “Tenerlo) Ari (pp) por bueno or malo”
** page 571: “Tener) Ari (pp) cualquier coſa”
** page 578: “Tomar) Ari (pp) por ſuyo lo q̃ no lo es”
* {{R:CEDOF|1|21}}
{{C|tl|生殖器}}
==里菲安語==
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|*ăʔrəβ}}。
====動詞====
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[寫]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[銘刻]],[[記錄]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[撰寫]],[[起草]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[報名]],[[註冊]]
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} 寫著
=====變位=====
{{rif-conj|ari|uri/a|uri|ttari|ttiri}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|tira|t=書寫;文字;文本}}
===詞源2===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|*aβV̆ri}}。
====名詞====
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=-}}
# [[细茎针草]]
=====變格=====
{{rif-infl-noun|wari}}
{{c|rif|草}}
==施盧赫語==
===發音===
* {{shi-IPA}}
===詞源1===
{{etystub|shi}} {{senseno|shi|memorize}} {{semantic loan|shi|ar|حَفِظَ}}。
====動詞====
{{shi-head|動詞|cont=ttari}}
#(主)[[保護]],[[護佑]]
#: {{syn|shi|ḥfḍ}}
#: {{uxa|shi|آد اغ '''ياري''' ربّي، '''ياري''' كُن!|tr=ad ax yari ṛbbi, yari kʷn!|t=愿主保佑我们,也保佑你们!}}
#: {{uxa|shi|'''يوري'''يِّ ربّي زغ غايانّ.|tr='''yuri''' yyi ṛbbi zɣ ɣayann.|t=主保护我免遭那样的事。}}
# {{senseid|shi|memorize}} [[牢記]],[[銘記]]
===詞源2===
{{rfe|shi}}
====動詞====
{{shi-head|動詞|cont=ttari|vn=tamarayt}}
# [[代替]]某人
#: {{uxa|shi|'''يوري'''يِّ ورڭاز اد غ تيضاف.|tr=yuri yyi urgaz ad x tiḍaf|t=那个人取代了我的警卫职责。}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|shi|amaray<t:替代者>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:shi:DBTF|I|page=384a}}
==特爾納特語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|tft|/ˈʔa.ɾi/}}
===動詞===
{{tft-verb}}
# {{lb|tft|不及物}} [[哭]]
====變位====
{{tft-conj}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:tft:Hayami-Allen:2001}}
==烏茲別克語==
{{uz-variant|c=ари|r=ari|a=اری}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|uz|trk-pro|*ārï|t=蜂}}。對照{{cog|tr|arı}} 和{{cog|tk|ary}}。
===名詞===
{{uz-noun}}
# [[蜂]]
====變格====
{{uz-decl-noun}}
{{C|uz|昆蟲}}
n7ddgk3c9hx7whewx79w22ltiz7sh6q
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[[Template:Auto-archive|歸檔封存作業]]: [[Wiktionary:机器人]] → [[Wiktionary:机器人/申请存档]]: 移除 1 議題: [[#User:DelintBot]]
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{{方針列表}}
[[File:Wiktionary Bots.png|230px|right]]
<div>
歡迎來到'''Wiktionary:机器人''',您可以在這裏就机器人運作提問。如果您的問題是關于維基詞典運作中的一般問題,請訪問[[Wiktionary:啤酒馆|啤酒館]]。如果您的問題是關于某個詞的,請訪問[[Wiktionary:茶室|茶室]]。多谢您的合作!
爲了大家方便閱讀,請在問題或答案之後簽名:打四個波浪號(<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>)。保存頁面之後,計算機會自動顯示出名字和時間。
维基词典的机器人主要用于自动处理一些繁琐的格式或数据。机器人可以用来创建条目,修改或破坏条目,因此我们需要谨慎的使用它。一个好的机器人对维基詞典计划能带来很大的帮助。但是由于系统本身并没有设计机器人,因此再好的机器人也可能带有某些缺点。
*'''中文 (zh)''': 本wiki允许[[m:bot policy#Global_bots|全局机器人]]和[[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|自动批准的机器人]]。这类机器人请不要在這裡申请。其他机器人的申请请到'''[[#新机器人注册]]'''提出。
* '''英文 (en)''': Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below.
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if:|;}}">'''直接寫個[//zh.wiktionary.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wiktionary:机器人&action=edit§ion=3 新提議]</div>
</div>
== 当前的准则 ==
在当前的状况下,一个机器人的制造者需要遵循下列准则,以证明它所负有的责任:
#机器人必须是'''有用的'''
#机器人必须是'''无害的'''
#机器人絕'''不能对服务器造成影响'''
#使用机器人必须被'''批准'''
在使用一个机器人之前你必须获得管理员的许可,并且通告大家他不是一个真实的人(您可以在用户页上注明)。另外,使用一个机器人时,请为这个机器人单独注册一个用户名,并且最好在用户名中用“bot”来表示这个用户是一个机器人。例如申请一个用户名为'''User:WiktionaryBot'''。
在当前的系统中,一个已注册的机器人所作的修改在[[Special:Recentchanges|最近更改]]中默认是隐藏的,其他用户不会看到。如果您想看到机器人所作的修改,可以使用[{{fullurl:Special:最近更改|hidehumans=1&hideWikibase=1&urlversion=2}} 這個連結]来查看。
'''请在获得社群的批准后,至[[:m:Steward requests/Bot status]]申請機器人權限。'''
== 已注册的机器人 ==
當前全部機器人自動列表,請參看[[Special:用户列表/bot]]
<pre>
#[[User:机器人帐户名|机器人帐户名]] (操作:[[User:用户名|用户名]][[User_talk:用户名|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]])
</pre>
#[[User:A2093064-bot|A2093064-bot]] (操作:[[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]][[User_talk:Xiplus|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]])
#[[User:JackBot|JackBot]] (操作:[[meta:User:JackPotte|JackPotte]])
#[[User:OctraBot|OctraBot]] (操作:[[User:Octahedron80|Octahedron80]])
#[[User:TongcyBot|TongcyBot]] (操作:[[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]][[User_talk:TongcyDai|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]])
#[[User:CrowleyBot|CrowleyBot]] (操作:[[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]][[User_talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]])
#[[User:KotoriBot|KotoriBot]] (操作:[[User_talk:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]])
# [[User:Cewbot|Cewbot]](操作者:[[User:Kanashimi|Kanashimi]])
=== 已除權的機器人 ===
#[[User:RobotGMwikt|RobotGMwikt]] (操作:[[User:GerardM|GerardM]][[User_talk:GerardM|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]][http://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:GerardM&action=edit§ion=new <sup>+</sup>])
#[[User:PiBot|PiBot]] (操作:[[User:Shibo77|Shibo77]][[User_talk:Shibo77|<sup><small>对话页</small></sup>]][http://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Shibo77&action=edit§ion=new <sup>+</sup>])
#[[User:OKBot|OKBot]] (操作:[[:ar:User:OsamaK]])
#[[User:SpaceBirdyBot|SpaceBirdyBot]] (操作:[[:is:Notandi:Spacebirdy]])
#[[User:VolkovBot|VolkovBot]] (操作:[[:ru:User:Volkov]])
#[[User:SieBot|SieBot]] (操作:[[:commons:User:Siebrand]])
#[[User:Luckas-bot|Luckas-bot]] (操作:[[:pt:User:Luckas Blade]])
#[[User:lccfbot|lccfbot]] (操作:[[User:Lccf]])
#[[USer:Wjcdbot|Wjcdbot]] (操作:[[User:Wjcd]])
#[[User:KamikazeBot|KamikazeBot]] (操作:[[User:Karol007]])
#[[User:MenasimBot|MenasimBot]] (操作:[[:en:User:Menasim]])
除 PiBot, Lccfbot, Wjcdbot 外,其餘均為僅用於添加跨語言連結的機械人。
由於大批量導入工作的完成,以及2017年以後不再需要向詞條手動添加跨語言鏈接,上述機器人已久無使用需要,已於2018年除權。
[[Category:维基词典|机]]
[[Category:維基詞典方針]]
== 机器人提议 ==
如果您希望那些功能机器人的实现会对维基词典有助,可以在下面提出,大家也可以讨论是否支持这种机器人的出现,机器人的制造者们也有可能会考虑去实现您的设想。舊的討論請參見[[Wiktionary:机器人/提议存档]]。
== 机器人申請 ==
* [[Wiktionary:机器人/申请存档|申请存档]]
<pre>
# {{支持}}~~~~ # {{中立}}~~~~ # {{反对}}~~~~
</pre>
<!-- 請在本列以下申請。Please apply below this line. -->
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=== [[User:PiBot|PiBot]] ===
*[[User:PiBot|PiBot]] (操作:[[User:Shibo77|Shibo77]]) --[[User:Shibo77|Shibo77]] 18:51 2006年4月9日 (UTC)
#{{支持}}[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 15:21 2006年4月11日 (UTC)
#{{支持}}[[User:Shizhao|Shizhao]] 01:51 2006年4月12日 (UTC)
#{{支持}} --[[User:Connel MacKenzie|Connel MacKenzie]] 17:27 2006年4月12日 (UTC)
#{{支持}} [[User:Weihao.chiu|Weihao.chiu]] 10:29 2006年4月13日 (UTC)
=== [[User:OKBot|OKBot]] ===
*[[User:OKBot|OKBot]],[[:ar:User:OsamaK|OsamaK]]操作的跨語言機器人,應[[User_talk:Jusjih#User:OKBot|來函]]請求。
#{{支持}}[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年5月18日 (日) 20:58 (UTC)
#{{支持}}--[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2008年5月20日 (二) 15:05 (UTC)
**已經許可使用機器人。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年5月26日 (一) 03:03 (UTC)
===[[User:SpaceBirdyBot]]
===
Hello, I am running my Bot [[User:SpaceBirdyBot]] as interwikibot on [[:is:Special:Contributions/SpaceBirdyBot|is.wikt]] (and de,es,pt,ga,af,fo,nah,scn,nl,sv,ro) lately because not all links are catched by the current active bots there. If You are interested I can set my bot to run here also.
I am using SVN pywikipedia (latest) and run it using <pre>interwiki.py -wiktionary -autonomous -force -noauto -nobacklink -noshownew -neverlink:fur,ilo,nov,sco</pre>
* Botmaster: [[:is:Notandi:Spacebirdy]]
* Bot's name:[[User:SpaceBirdyBot]]
* List of bot flags on other Wiktionarys:af,ar,co,ca,oc,da,de,el,es,it,is,pt,ga,gd,af,fo,nah,scn,nl,sv,ro,yi,zh-min-nan,...
* Purpose:interwiki
* Technical details:svn pywikipediabot, latest versions
Best regards, --[[User:Spacebirdy|小鳥]] [[User_talk:Spacebirdy|<sub>(:> )=|</sub>]] 2008年6月22日 (日) 00:27 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人。[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年6月23日 (一) 01:07 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。--[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2008年6月25日 (三) 16:08 (UTC)
Any progress here, please advise what I should do, thanks, --[[User:Spacebirdy|小鳥]] [[User_talk:Spacebirdy|<sub>(:> )=|</sub>]] 2008年7月3日 (四) 10:43 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年7月4日 (五) 19:51 (UTC)
=== Bot flag request for [[User:VolkovBot|VolkovBot]] ===
Hello! I'd like to request a flag for this bot --[[User:Volkov|Volkov]] 2008年6月23日 (一) 07:12 (UTC)
* Botmaster: [[:ru:User:Volkov]] ([[:ru:User talk:Volkov|talk]])
* Bot's name: [[User:VolkovBot]] ([[Special:Contributions/VolkovBot|contributions]])
* List of botflags on other wiktionaries: [[:af:User:VolkovBot|af]], [[:ang:User:VolkovBot|ang]], [[:ar:User:VolkovBot|ar]], [[:bg:User:VolkovBot|bg]], [[:cs:User:VolkovBot|cs]], [[:de:User:VolkovBot|de]], [[:el:User:VolkovBot|el]], [[:en:User:VolkovBot|en]], [[:es:User:VolkovBot|es]], [[:et:User:VolkovBot|et]], [[:fr:User:VolkovBot|fr]], [[:ga:User:VolkovBot|ga]], [[:gd:User:VolkovBot|gd]], [[:gl:User:VolkovBot|gl]], [[:he:User:VolkovBot|he]], [[:io:User:VolkovBot|io]], [[:is:User:VolkovBot|is]], [[:it:User:VolkovBot|it]], [[:ja:User:VolkovBot|ja]], [[:ko:User:VolkovBot|ko]], [[:li:User:VolkovBot|li]], [[:lt:User:VolkovBot|lt]], [[:nah:User:VolkovBot|nah]], [[:nl:User:VolkovBot|nl]], [[:oc:User:VolkovBot|oc]], [[:pt:User:VolkovBot|pt]], [[:ro:User:VolkovBot|ro]], [[:ru:User:VolkovBot|ru]], [[:simple:User:VolkovBot|simple]], [[:sr:User:VolkovBot|sr]], [[:sv:User:VolkovBot|sv]], [[:ta:User:VolkovBot|ta]], [[:te:User:VolkovBot|te]], [[:tr:User:VolkovBot|tr]], [[:uk:User:VolkovBot|uk]], [[:vi:User:VolkovBot|vi]], [[:zh-min-nan:User:VolkovBot|zh-min-nan]]
* Purpose: interwiki
* Technical details: use pywikipedia framework; also flagged on many wikipedia projects
#{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人權限。沒有機器人權限,近期變動都被淹没了。[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年6月24日 (二) 01:15 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。--[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2008年6月25日 (三) 16:08 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年7月4日 (五) 19:51 (UTC)
=== [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] ===
Hi, I request a bot bit for [[User:SieBot|SieBot]].
* Botmaster : [[User:Siebrand|Siebrand]]
* Bot's name : [[User:SieBot|SieBot]]
* List of botflags on others Wikipedias: Almost every Wikipedia (some 25 missing). See [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=SieBot current list of user status and edits]
* Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia)
* Technical details : [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] is an interwiki bot starting at any Wikipedia. The bot uses the pywikipedia framework and runs day and night in autonomous mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts. It has made over 5 million edits since it started. [[User:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 2008年6月26日 (四) 22:50 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人權限,在許多其它維基網站有機器人權限。[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年6月28日 (六) 00:59 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年7月13日 (日) 00:55 (UTC)
=== [[User:Luckas-bot|Luckas-bot]] ===
Hi, I request a bot bit for [[User:Luckas-bot|Luckas-bot]].
* Botmaster : [[:pt:User:Luckas Blade|Luckas Blade]]
* List of botflags on others Wiktionaries: [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=Luckas-bot current list of user status and edits]
* Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia)
* Technical details : The bot uses the pywikipedia framework. --[[User:Luckas Blade|Luckas Blade]] 2008年11月20日 (四) 20:21 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人權限,在許多其它維基網站有機器人權限。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年11月24日 (一) 02:53 (UTC)
#{{支持}}[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2008年11月25日 (二) 02:22 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2008年11月29日 (六) 02:06 (UTC)
=== [[User:RoggBot|RoggBot]] ===
Hi, I request a bot bit for [[User:RoggBot|RoggBot]].
* Botmaster : [[:ru:User:Roggy|Roggy]]
* List of botflags on others Wiktionaries: 6 item currently [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=RoggBot current list of user status and edits] - 2-3 week old.
* Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia)
* Technical details : The bot uses the pywikipedia framework (Python).
: In last day only with manually confirmation.
: - There is many lacked interwiki entry (plus Errors in Capitalization).--[[User:Roggy|Roggy]] 2009年1月18日 (日) 11:41 (UTC)
#'''意見''': Please make a few edits to show us, but not too many. I cannot approve your bot without your demonstration. Thanks.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2009年1月23日 (五) 02:30 (UTC)
#:{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人權限,在許多其它維基網站有機器人權限。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2009年1月26日 (一) 02:00 (UTC)
#:{{支持}}。--[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2009年1月28日 (三) 14:09 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2009年2月4日 (三) 01:55 (UTC)
===[[User:Interwicket]]
===
Bot flag request
* '''Owner/runner:''' [[:en:User:Robert Ullmann]]
* '''Language/platform:''' Python, part of "wikipedia framework", MW API
* '''Code:''' [[:en:User:Interwicket/code]]
* '''Status/edits on wikts:''' [[:en:User:Interwicket/FL status]]
Bot is written to use the Mediawiki API, which is much more effective than the wikipedia pybot framework; it does use the framework module for language links, to stay up with changes in wikt policies (that are included there, some are not!).
It's primary function is to keep all the en.wikt links up to date, here it will be adding reciprocal links to the en.wikt when a link is added there; it is generally a good idea to keep these symmetrical. This is part of a project to develop interwiki code specifically for the wiktionaries. It also adds any other valid links it has found and removes any known to be invalid.
There are two functions: one builds an index of all of the wikts (without reading any pages, it uses the MW API to read the indexes), and then checks every en.wikt entry to correct the iwikis (again, without reading any pages except the ones being changed). While doing this, if it adds a link to another wikt, it will add the corresponding link there (here). The other function follows "recent changes" on all of the wikts, and adds needed links to the en.wikt, and likewise the corresponding link. While en.wikt policy is to link to redirects, in no case does Interwicket add links from another wikt to a redirect in the en.wikt.
It has done a number of [[Special:Contributions/Interwicket|tests here]], in a test mode where it makes edits only once every few hours (on average). [[User:Robert Ullmann|Robert Ullmann]] 2009年1月30日 (五) 11:23 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。此用戶想要申請跨語言鏈接機器人權限,在許多其它維基網站有機器人權限。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2009年2月4日 (三) 02:00 (UTC)
#{{支持}}--[[User:Rspd|Rspd]] 2009年2月7日 (六) 23:45 (UTC)
:'''任用完成。 Appointed.'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2009年2月9日 (一) 00:52 (UTC)
=== [[User:SinicaBot|SinicaBot]] ===
Hi, I request a bot for [[User:SinicaBot|SinicaBot]].
* Botmaster : [[:ru:User:lccf|lccf]]
* Purpose: 中研院的資訊所電腦系統與通訊實驗室,想自動丟一些中文古體字資料產生新頁面,例如[[參|這類網頁]]。
* Technical details : The bot uses the PHP curl lib.
--[[User:Lccf|Lccf]] 2010年5月10日 (一) 06:56 (UTC)
=== [[User:Wikiabot|Wikiabot]] ===
*請球准許機器人運作之權限。
*申請者:[[User:Bayowiki]]
*目的:自動歡迎新用戶、定期清空[[Wiktionary:沙盒]]
*補充說明:這個帳戶是全自動程序。
#{{意見}}:請在機器人用戶頁面標示使用者,以及示範一些編輯,才能考慮。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2010年9月15日 (三) 00:44 (UTC)
:已被封禁。--[[User:UAL55|UAL55]] 2010年11月3日 (三) 09:31 (UTC)
=== [[User:lccfbot|lccfbot]] ===
*請球准許機器人運作之權限。
*申請者:[[User:lccf]]
*目的:針對Alexbot之前上傳的漢字異體字相關資料繼續做維護更新
目前想呈現的格式版本類似如下
<br>http://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%8A
<br>http://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B7%8B
主要目的就是想把一些字與他有哪些異體字的關係,加在目前存在的頁面段落
*{{意見}},希望做出示範編輯。--[[User:Hoyojo|Hoyojo]] 2010年8月23日 (一) 09:00 (UTC)
*{{意見}}:請使用編輯摘要。這邊討論請簽名。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2010年9月15日 (三) 00:48 (UTC)
<br>
目前使用編輯摘要:修改==異體字==段落,也就是目前機器人程式會去做異體字這個段落的內容修改
[[User:Lccf|Lccf]] 2010年9月15日 (三) 05:32 (UTC)
:'''已經批准機器人'''。--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2010年9月16日 (四) 01:33 (UTC)
=== [[User:Wjcdbot|Wjcdbot]]
===
*用途:批量创建新条目
*范例:可见[http://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE/Wjcdbot]
单字的越南语条目都会在创建后一一手动修改,修改为[[bù]]的样式。其他条目都会自动修改,修改为[[bộ hành]]的样式。请批准机器人,谢谢。[[User:Wjcdbot|Wjcdbot]] 2010年10月1日 (五) 07:07 (UTC)
*:'''已經批准機器人'''--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2010年10月17日 (日) 02:47 (UTC)
=== [[User:MalafayaBot]] ===
As this wiki allows global bots and my bot [[User:MalafayaBot]] is a global bot, I'm starting operation here and would like to introduce it here. It will update interwikis on pages. For any 意見s regarding its use, please contact me on my talk page. Thanks, [[User:Malafaya|Malafaya]] 2011年3月12日 (六) 13:11 (UTC)
:既然您已經有全域機器人,不必在此申請,何況全域機器人編輯沒有淹沒最近更改,除非您要申請特定目的的機器人。 Since you already have a global bot, you need not apply here, as the edits of the global bot dies not flood the recent edits, unless you would like to apply for a bot with specific purpose.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] 2011年7月19日 (二) 10:25 (UTC)
=== [[User:JackBot]] ===
Ni hao, [[User talk:JackPotte|Teles]] has asked to me to ask for the flag, in order to repair the double redirections silently. My bot has [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=JackBot almost one million of editions]. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] 2011年7月14日 (四) 11:55 (UTC)
:Done --[[User:Bencmq|Bencmq]] 2011年10月13日 (四) 14:31 (UTC)
::Thank you so much for this action, and to have warned me on my page. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] 2011年10月13日 (四) 14:58 (UTC)
===[[User:MenasimBot]]
===
Hi, I'd like to ask for bot status for this account. It's a regular interwiki bot that works on several wikipedia projects and on ar wiktionary and is working on fr wiktionary without flag yet. --[[User:MenasimBot|MenasimBot]]([[User talk:MenasimBot|留言]]) 2012年3月28日 (三) 05:12 (UTC)
:Temporarily blocked before any decision is made. Please, no automatic edits whilst unflagged. [[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|留言]]) 2012年3月31日 (六) 09:27 (UTC)
#{{支持}}機器人權限,但未授權之前繼續禁封。[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]]([[User talk:Jusjih|留言]]) 2012年3月31日 (六) 17:32 (UTC)
:Bot status granted. [[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|讨论]]) 2012年8月12日 (日) 07:49 (UTC)
[[User:SBD PM|张雨涵]] 2013年5月2日 12:14 (UTC+2)
:{{支持}}先提醒用户并赐予用户一周的反应时间(如修改、删除等)。
===[[User:YS-Bot]]
===
I hereby request the Bot flag for User:YS-Bot for the following purpose: Interwiki. I work with the latest version of pywikipedia/interwiki.py. The bot does ignore redirects and delete deadlinks. If you need some test edits, just tell me. Best regards --[[User:Yoursmile|Yoursmile]]([[User talk:Yoursmile|讨论]]) 2012年8月12日 (日) 07:37 (UTC)
:Need some test edits to be convinced that everything goes well. 50 edits should be sufficient. [[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|讨论]]) 2012年8月12日 (日) 07:45 (UTC)
::I did some test edits. Like you can see they are most German interwiki-links. If you need more information, just tell me. Best regards --[[User:Yoursmile|Yoursmile]]([[User talk:Yoursmile|讨论]]) 2012年8月12日 (日) 08:53 (UTC)
*{{支持}} 似無問題 (appears to be nonproblematic)。[[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|讨论]]) 2012年8月12日 (日) 11:10 (UTC)
* 四日無反對意見,已授權。Bot status granted. [[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|讨论]]) 2012年8月16日 (四) 10:17 (UTC)
===[[User:Makecat-bot|Makecat-bot]]
===
目前以全域机器人身份维护跨语言链接。计划半自动地清理词条,包括链接、模板等。自动移除不必要的<nowiki>__NOEDITSECTION__</nowiki>(好像之前机器人没有做完)。--[[User:Makecat|Makecat]]([[User talk:Makecat|讨论]]) 2013年1月23日 (三) 07:40 (UTC)
:{{支持}}。不過有一些可能屬於個人性的習慣希望被繼續採用:以#而非*開始定義;用===形容詞===等代替{{Tl|-a-}};鏈接中文解釋“射出”而非“射出的”。還有可能需要更多的測試編輯。[[User:Wjcd|Wjcd]]([[User talk:Wjcd|讨论]]) 2013年1月23日 (三) 07:51 (UTC)
::那就先做去除“NOEDITSECTION”。--[[User:Makecat|Makecat]]([[User talk:Makecat|讨论]]) 2013年1月23日 (三) 08:47 (UTC)
===[[User:TongcyBot|TongcyBot]]
===
*機器人名稱:[[User:TongcyBot]]([[User talk:TongcyBot|talk]])
*操作者:[[User:TongcyDai]]([[User talk:TongcyDai|talk]])
*用途:使用AWB在本地頁面大量添加模板(如{{tl|character info/new}})、分類等。
以上。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2019年10月30日 (三) 05:34 (UTC)
*{{傾向支持}}。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|讨论]]) 2019年10月30日 (三) 06:26 (UTC)
*{{ping|TongcyDai}}添加{{tl|character info/new}}的範圍是所有一個字的中文字嗎?會添加其他模板和分類為何?--[[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2019年10月31日 (四) 01:31 (UTC)
**{{noping|Xiplus}}感謝您的提問。
**#原則上所有單個字元(佔有Unicode一個碼位)的詞條都可以加入該模板,包括但不限於CJK表意字符、各文字的字母、特殊符號等等。
**#中文維基詞典還缺少很多其他文字字的頁面,獲得機器人權限後可以快速創建詞條將他們有系統地補全。
**#關於「分類」,我的想法是希望重新為一些詞條做分類。例如[[precociously]]一字,其現有的分類包括[[:Category:英語|Category:英語]]、[[:Category:拉丁文字|Category:拉丁文字]],而該詞在英語維基詞典的分類則是[[:en:Category:English lemmas]]、[[:en:Category:English adverbs]]和[[:en:Category:English words suffixed with -ly]]。前兩個分類在中文詞典中也有對應頁面,但可以看見其包含的頁面非常少,顯示中文維基詞典的分類法有很大的缺失。我希望在獲得機器人權限後可以協助改善這個問題,然而這部分只是構想,暫時沒有明確的執行方法。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2019年10月31日 (四) 14:02 (UTC)
:::*{{ping|TongcyDai}}第1點沒有問題:第2點建立頁面進行前請先說明一下頁面包含哪些資料、資料的來源,不然像之前其他機器人大量建立的錯誤頁面到現在都還沒清理完;第3點想請比較熟悉的[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]確認一下。--[[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2019年11月2日 (六) 03:42 (UTC)
::::*{{noping|Xiplus}}不知道單就第一點申請機器人能不能過關?關於第二點,我會參考[[w:Unicode區段|各Unicode區段]](以及其原始文檔)和其他語言維基詞典現有的內容作為參考資料;另外,不知道您說的錯誤頁面是指哪些頁面,有沒有辦法用機器人一次處理?<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2019年11月2日 (六) 07:24 (UTC)
:::::*{{noping|TongcyDai}}第一點我認為可以,第二點您可以先建立少數幾個頁面讓大家看看,出錯的機器人有[[Wiktionary:茶室#Special:最少修订页面的附有引號條目|1]] [[Wiktionary:啤酒馆/2018档案#请求修复_Wjcdbot_的部分误编辑|2]]。--[[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2019年11月2日 (六) 07:43 (UTC)
::::*關於第3點,個人認為單靠機器人添加分類可能無法完成。像前述的分類中,[[:en:Category:English lemmas]]、[[:en:Category:English adverbs]]這類詞性分類,在enwikt是靠header模板完成(如{{tl|head}}、{{tl|en-noun}}),而[[:en:Category:English words suffixed with -ly]]這種則由{{tl|suffix}}、{{tl|affix}}、{{tl|compound}}等模板實現;還有主題分類模板{{tl|label}}等等。enwikt上多樣分類的添加基本上是<u>模組套模板</u>的形式才能呈現,而不是僅僅手動/自動添加(比如,現在已經基本不會看到enwikt的詞條底部堆了一大堆category)。個人感覺完善分類還是更應當依靠模組和模板。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|讨论]]) 2019年11月2日 (六) 07:45 (UTC)
::::::*{{noping|Xiplus}}如[[ಹ]]、[[ꔀ]]。畢竟只是單一字元嘛,都不會是太複雜的頁面的。(分類出錯的情況要再研究就是了,應該很快就能修復。)上述錯誤頁面我也不知道怎處理{{block|技術低落}}QAQ<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2019年11月2日 (六) 08:09 (UTC)
::::::*{{ping|Sayonzei}}感謝您撥冗回覆。那麼這部分就暫時先擱著吧。中文維基感覺還是挺紊亂的,也許等到某天有了統一格式之後問題自然就解決了(?)<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2019年11月2日 (六) 08:13 (UTC)
*{{ping|TongcyDai}}已授予機器人權限,您可以開始進行第一項的任務了。--[[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2019年11月11日 (一) 00:12 (UTC)
:*{{noping|Xiplus}},感謝您,機器人已開始工作。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[U:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[UT:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]]
===[[User:CrowleyBot|CrowleyBot]]
===
*機器人名稱:[[User:CrowleyBot]](请直接在本人处留言)
*操作者:[[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]]([[User talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|讨论]])
*用途:修复[[:Category:使用不推薦使用的模板的Undetermined頁面]]中rhymes模板造成的问题。该分类中还有其他页面同样为老旧lang参数造成,暂时不考虑。该分类总页面数~1200
*源代码:还在写,上次35笔半自动作业的见[[User:Qnm/task/1/1.py]]。python-mwclient + '''wikitextparser'''
*技术细节:wikitextparser可以获取结构化页面信息,然后捕捉所有名称符合<code>r'[Rr]hymes{0,1}\s*'</code>的模板,然后有几种情况:
#<code><nowiki>{{rhymes|word}} -> 按章节标题(使用wikitextparser的ancestors)补足第二项,或试图用enwikt的对应内容补充,或不动</nowiki></code>
#<code><nowiki>{{rhymes|[[word]]|lang=en}}或{{rhymes|lang=en|''[[word]]''}}之类 -> {{rhymes|en|word}}</nowiki></code>
#<code><nowiki>{{rhymes|en|word}}不动</nowiki></code>
*机器人需要IPBE。--[[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]]([[User talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|讨论]]) 2021年3月27日 (六) 12:13 (UTC)
*:請各做數筆編輯作為範例,再請@[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]看看有無問題。 [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年3月27日 (六) 12:48 (UTC)
*::{{ping|Sayonzei|Xiplus}}前100项中,没有遇到仅一个参数的情况(1),而(2)(3)大致得到处理,惟没有遇到<code><nowiki>''[[word]]''</nowiki></code>的复杂情况。请求扩大测试范围至前600笔。 [[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]]([[User talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|讨论]]) 2021年3月28日 (日) 05:06 (UTC)
*:::我覺得沒有問題。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|讨论]]) 2021年3月28日 (日) 06:33 (UTC)
*:另一些涉及lang的任务已测试约70笔。[[User:CrowleyBot/task/2]]
*:现暂时不去补足缺失的语言参数,因为有许多标题是{{tl|-en-}}形式,目前是打算直接展开再搞(仅碰缺少lang的页面)。展开标题的好处是方便从en搬东西。 [[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]]([[User talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|讨论]]) 2021年3月31日 (三) 09:53 (UTC)
*邀请{{ping|Shizhao|WhitePhosphorus}}第一个任务已在临时伪机器人权限下完成,第二个任务陆续测试约80笔,效果见[[User:CrowleyBot/task/2/effect|effect]]。代码不想改了,已知的问题是本身缺语言参数的情况可能会出错,这种情况会在输出中人工检查。但测试没发生问题。本身缺语言参数的情况多见于plural of一个参数的情况,这种情况会自动跳过。--[[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|EdwardAlexanderCrowley]]([[User talk:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|讨论]]) 2021年4月2日 (五) 08:52 (UTC)
*已通过元维基获得授权。--[[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|<font color="#0CC">'''𝓔.𝓐.𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔀𝓵𝓮𝔂'''</font>]][[User:ͱ/talk|<font color="#F60">𝟞</font>]][[User:ͱ/con|<font color="#A6D">𝟞</font>]][[w:U:ͱ/s|<font color="#56A">𝟞</font><sup>✍️</sup>]] 2021年4月12日 (一) 07:48 (UTC)
===[[User:KotoriBot|KotoriBot]]
===
*機器人名稱:[[User:KotoriBot]]([[User KotoriBot|talk]])
*操作者:[[User:Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|talk]])
*用途:更新模板参数,效果如[[Special:Diff/6026840]]等;从enwikt导入动词词形,如[[verflöge]],[[verflieg]]等;今后可能看情况添加其他功能
HBot之类的名字都被注册了,所以随便选了个和我用户名无关的 --[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月26日 (一) 07:34 (UTC)
:@[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]:您如何產生您要編輯的內容,人工從enwikt複製? [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年4月26日 (一) 08:39 (UTC)
::{{ping|Xiplus}}用[[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|pywikibot]]从链入页面里找到目标页面,然后从enwikt爬取同名页面的wiki源码,用[https://github.com/earwig/mwparserfromhell mwparserfromhell]解析找到要替换的模板,替换到zhwikt原源码中,然后提交编辑 --[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月26日 (一) 08:45 (UTC)
:::祝你好运。根据我的经验,如果是通用的模板如IPA,需要找到对应章节,我不太清楚mwparserfromhell能否做到。但wikitextparser(凑合着用)和mwparserfromhell都不能令我满意,Kanashimi的[https://kanasimi.github.io/CeJS/_test%20suite/wikitext_parser.html wikitext_parser]似乎可以显示元素在wikitext中的index,不过是javascript。而且还涉及展开h2系标题模板,当然可以用我的代码。
:::总之,可以从专用模板做起,加油。 [[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|<font color="#0CC">'''𝓔.𝓐.𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔀𝓵𝓮𝔂'''</font>]][[User:ͱ/talk|<font color="#F60">𝟞</font>]][[User:ͱ/con|<font color="#A6D">𝟞</font>]][[w:U:ͱ/s|<font color="#56A">𝟞</font><sup>✍️</sup>]] 2021年4月26日 (一) 09:14 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]:您是一律覆蓋掉本地原有的內容嗎? [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年4月27日 (二) 07:33 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Xiplus}}会检测如果两边的模板数不一致,比如zh这边有1个,en那边有2个,就会跳过这个页面同时记下这个页面和两边的模板的参数,后面输出出来给人工检查。其他情况下直接覆盖。因为一致的话基本上可以两边确定用法一样。这个将来用来同步更新英语那边新版本的模板很有用,比如我准备要更新[[Template:es-verb-auto]]的参数,同时替换掉更旧的[[Template:es-verb]]就要用到这个脚本。如果更新完之后出现脚本错误,我会根据[[:Category:有脚本错误的页面]]查看是什么原因。--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月27日 (二) 07:43 (UTC)
::::{{ping|Xiplus|Sayonzei}}希望可以尽快审核,目前在用主账号直接运行脚本,比较污染[[Special:最近更改]]XD。--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月27日 (二) 15:59 (UTC)
:::::@[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]:請使用'''機器人帳號'''對'''現存'''頁面(即不要建立新的頁面)做100筆編輯讓我們看看大致上效果。 [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年4月28日 (三) 01:33 (UTC)
::::::{{ping|Xiplus}}那可能您要等晚点,我现在大致已经改好了,如果过两天我发现要改的模板我再运行机器人。不过如果您想直接看效果的话,直接看我那段时间的[https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?target=Hzy980512&namespace=all&tagfilter=&end=2021-04-26&limit=500&title=Special%3A%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE 贡献记录]就可以了,这些更改是编辑概要全部以“半自动”开头的小编辑。运行在机器人账号上也是一样的效果。--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月28日 (三) 03:08 (UTC)
:::::::看不出模板数超过一个的效果,可以在用户页或github公布代码看看(别贴隐私信息)。我那1349个nl-noun,其中64个是超过1个模板的,36个是需要手动的。 [[User:EdwardAlexanderCrowley|<font color="#0CC">'''𝓔.𝓐.𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔀𝓵𝓮𝔂'''</font>]][[User:ͱ/talk|<font color="#F60">𝟞</font>]][[User:ͱ/con|<font color="#A6D">𝟞</font>]][[w:U:ͱ/s|<font color="#56A">𝟞</font><sup>✍️</sup>]] 2021年4月28日 (三) 03:24 (UTC)
::::::{{ping|Xiplus}}做了5笔就触发防滥用过滤器了,可能要慢点。{{ping|EdwardAlexanderCrowley}}其实多个模板就是第一个英文上的对应第一个中文上的,第二个英文上的对应第二个中文上的,以此类推,没啥特别的,因为源码会根据需要改,比较简单也比较乱,就不贴出来了。--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月28日 (三) 07:58 (UTC)
:::::::@[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]:已修改過濾器直接給予豁免。 [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年4月28日 (三) 08:21 (UTC)
::::::::{{ping|Xiplus}}已经做出100笔编辑。--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年4月28日 (三) 09:20 (UTC)
::::::::{{ping|Xiplus}}请问阁下对这个机器人还有什么问题吗😂,我今后还需要用来更新西班牙语Headword和变位模板之类的参数,希望尽快审核--[[User:Hzy980512|Hzy980512]]([[User talk:Hzy980512|讨论]]) 2021年5月1日 (六) 02:37 (UTC)
:::::::::@[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]:可以麻煩您幫忙看看機器人的編輯是否妥當嗎? [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年5月1日 (六) 02:55 (UTC)
:::::::::: {{noping|Xiplus}} 我认为没有问题。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|讨论]]) 2021年5月1日 (六) 02:58 (UTC)
:::::::::::那麼這部分就先批准吧。 [[User:Xiplus|Xiplus]]([[User talk:Xiplus|讨论]]) 2021年5月1日 (六) 03:05 (UTC)
=== [[User:Cewbot|Cewbot]] ===
應[[w:User talk:Kanashimi#為維基詞典引入topic list|請求]]準備將目錄列表、補簽名、修正錯誤錨點之類能搬過來的功能實現於本維基項目。會順便處理機器人請求,如嘗試 [[Wiktionary:啤酒馆#批量文本替换]]。--[[User:Kanashimi|Kanashimi]]([[User talk:Kanashimi|讨论]]) 2021年11月1日 (一) 12:01 (UTC)
#{{支持}}。<span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">—<b>[[User:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #8F4586">'''TongcyDai'''</span>]]</b></span>  [[User talk:TongcyDai|<span style="color: #FF9224;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space:nowrap;">ฅ • ω • ฅ</span></span>]] 2021年11月1日 (一) 13:32 (UTC)
# {{支持}}。—— '''[[User:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[User talk:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|百科用戶頁]]''')</sub> 2021年11月2日 (二) 02:38 (UTC)
: {{ping|Sayonzei}} 討論已經過一個禮拜。不曉得能否給一些意見?若您覺得可以的話,是否能幫忙提報[[m:Steward requests/Bot status]]?謝謝。 --[[User:Kanashimi|Kanashimi]]([[User talk:Kanashimi|留言]]) 2021年11月10日 (三) 06:48 (UTC)
:: 已提交[[meta:Special:diff/22316573|meta]]。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]) 2021年11月10日 (三) 07:54 (UTC)
----
早前已由監管員[[:meta:Special:Diff/22316573|授權]]。—— '''[[User:Ericliu1912|Eric Liu]]'''<sub>('''[[User talk:Ericliu1912|留言]].[[:w:zh:User:Ericliu1912|百科用戶頁]]''')</sub> 2022年1月6日 (四) 17:13 (UTC)
==[[User:DelintBot]]==
* Bot operator: Redmin
* Bot's name: [[User:DelintBot]]
* List of bot flags on other Wiktionarys: [[m:User:DelintBot|full list]]
* Purpose: Solely for fixing [[Special:LintErrors|lint errors]] on this wiki
* Technical details: The bot gets the list of pages with lint errors from database replicas and uses regular expressions to identify incorrectly formatted content on the page and then fixes them. The code is [[gitlab:toolforge-repos/delintbot|open source]].
Please let me know if you want me to make some test edits. Thank you.
<br />
PS. I do not speak Chinese and the translation I received from Google Translate was not very clear so apologies in advance if I made any error in making this request. [[User:Redmin|Redmin]]([[User talk:Redmin|留言]]) 2026年8月1日 (六) 13:32 (UTC)
<!-- 如無申請,請加入「{{Nodis|申請}}」-->
<!-- {{Nodis|申請}} -->
qce55vvie7bb8b2l4x3sxlc3x1gpihk
Flasche
0
60437
9934977
9476397
2026-09-30T16:12:03Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9934977
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|Fläsche}}
==德语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|de|gmh|flasche}},源自{{inh|de|goh|flasca||瓶子}},源自{{inh|de|gmw-pro|*flaskā}},源自{{inh|de|gem-pro|*flaskǭ||瓶子}},源自{{m|gem-pro|*flehtaną||编辫子}},来自给瓶子编稻草套的习俗。与{{cog|en|flask}}同源。{{doublet|de|Fiasko|Flakon}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈflaʃə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Flasche.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|de|aʃə|s=2}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|f|dim=^chen,^lein}}
# [[瓶子]],[[壶]]
#: {{ux|de|Wir hätten gern eine '''Flasche''' von dem Chardonnay und eine '''Flasche''' stilles Wasser dazu.|我們想要一'''瓶'''霞多麗加上一'''瓶'''水。}}
# {{lb|de|非正式}} [[没用]]的人,[[废物]]
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3|de|flaschenartig|Flaschenglas|Flaschenöffner|Flaschenhals|Flaschenpreis|Flaschenpost|Flaschenschiff|Bierflasche|Glasflasche|Milchflasche|Plastikflasche|Pulverflasche|Saftflasche|Sauerstoffflasche|Sektflasche|Schnapsflasche|Weinflasche|Wasserflasche|Blechflasche}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|флаша}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zlw-osk|fľaša|fľäša}}
** {{desc|rsk|фляша}}
** {{desc|sk|fľaša}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|flasza}}
** {{desctree|der=1|pl|flaszka}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|флаша}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|flaša}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{pedia|lang=de}}
* {{R:Kluge 1891}}
{{C|de|容器}}
8gsruslhg982z2vtq95e8iz87m02xyp
ictus
0
97918
9935215
9629385
2026-09-30T16:16:14Z
TongcyBot
83009
nolb= → nolang=
9935215
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==英語==
===發音===
; 單數
* {{a|en|UK}} {{enPR|ĭkʹtəs}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈɪktəs/}}
; 複數
* {{a|en|UK}} {{enPR|ĭkʹto͞os}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈɪktuːs/}}
:'''ictus'''
#[[强音]]
#[[扬音]]
#[[急发症状]]
[[Category:英语名词]]
[[Category:待分類的英語詞]]
[[Category:英語]]
[[分类:拉丁文字]]
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|īcō}}的完成式被動分詞。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ictus}}
===分詞===
{{la-part|ictus}}
# 敲,擊打
====變格====
{{la-adecl|ictus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|ictus<4>}}
# 敲,擊打
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|ictus<4>}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|gl|eito}}, {{desc|gl|ictus|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|ictal|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|eito}}, {{desc|pt|icto|bor=1|nolang=1}}
===异序词===
* {{l|la|cutis}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:la:Francese}}
{{C|la|暴力|痛苦}}
4y32fepm7wugmnwrplle6kj0yyzfzjk
inferno
0
98002
9935223
9893212
2026-09-30T16:16:23Z
TongcyBot
83009
nolb= → nolang=
9935223
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|Inferno}}
==英語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|en|it|inferno||地獄}},來自{{der|en|la|infernus||下層地區}}、{{m|la|inferna||下層地區}};參見{{m|en|infernal}}。
“大火”的意思來自{{l|en|hellfire}}的傳統概念。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ɪnˈfɝnoʊ/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-inferno.wav|音頻 (南英格蘭)}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-inferno.wav|音頻 (美國)}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɜː(ɹ)nəʊ|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# [[地獄]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=D. C. Worcester|title=The Philippine Islands and Their People|text=At each sudden explosion in the '''inferno''' below they sprang back from the brink [of the volcanic crater].}}
# [[大火]];[[業火]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2006|author=w:Edwin Black
|title=Internal Combustion
|chapter=1|url=http://openlibrary.org/works/OL4103950W
|passage=Blast after blast, fiery outbreak after fiery outbreak, like a flaming barrage from within,{{...}}most of Edison's grounds soon became an '''inferno'''. As though on an incendiary rampage, the fires systematically devoured the contents of Edison's headquarters and facilities.}}
#* {{quote-av|en|author=Drachinifel|title=Battle of Samar - What if TF34 was there?|date=5 May 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35yLWdYEbZQ|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808024511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35yLWdYEbZQ|archivedate=8 August 2022|accessdate=7 August 2022|time=34:59|text=Unfortunately for Admiral Kurita, this is where the good news ends. The fire started by ''New Jersey''{{'}}s hit amidships has spread, and there is now a towering '''inferno''' that occupies the middle third of the Japanese battleship.}}
====同義詞====
* 參見'''[[Thesaurus:afterlife]]'''
====衍生詞====
* [[towering inferno]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|en|infernal}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=efinnor|Fronnie|nonfire}}
{{C|en|火|地獄}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|nl|it|inferno||地獄}},來自{{der|nl|la|infernus||下層地區}}、{{m|la|inferna||下層地區}};參見{{m|en|infernal}}。“大火”的意思來自{{l|nl|hellfire}}的傳統概念。
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-inferno.ogg|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|n|-'s|+}}
# [[地獄]]
# [[業火]]
# [[大火]]
====同義詞====
* {{sense|地獄}} {{l|nl|onderwereld}}
* {{sense|業火}} {{l|nl|hellevuur}}
* {{sense|大火}} {{l|nl|vuurzee}}, {{l|nl|vlammenzee}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|nl|infernaal}}
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fi|it|inferno}}。
===發音===
{{fi-p}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# [[地獄]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-palvelu|inferno|a}}
==加利西亞語==
[[File:Guitiriz, Labrada 01-05g2.jpg|thumb|A 15th-century depiction. Santa María de Labrada, Galicia.]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|inferno}},來自{{inh|gl|la|īnfernus||地獄;下層地區}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|gl|/iɱˈfɛɾno̝/}}
===名詞===
{{gl-noun|m}}
# {{lb|gl|Christianity}} [[地獄]]
# {{lb|gl|figurative}} 非常[[不快]]或[[負面]]的[[情況]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|gl|infernal}}
* {{l|gl|inferniño}}
===來源===
* {{R:gl:DDGM}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|infèrno<audio:It-l'inferno.ogg>}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|it|la|īnfernus||下層地區}},衍生自{{m|la|īnferus||低下}}。
====形容詞====
{{it-adj}}
# [[地獄]]的
# {{lb|it|uncommon}} [[底層]]的,[[下級]]的
===詞源2===
{{bor+|it|la-lat|īnfernus}}、{{m|la|īnfernum||大地深處}},{{m|la|īnfernus||下層地區}}的名詞用法,衍生自{{m|la|īnferus||低下}}。
====名詞====
{{it-noun|m}}
# [[地獄]]
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|it|infernale}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|inferno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|inferno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Inferno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|grk-ita|ινφιέρνο|tr=infiérno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{desc|nb|nolang=1|inferno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|inferno}}
===詞源3===
來自地名 ''Inferno'' ({{l|en|Sondrio}}附近的地點)。
====名詞====
{{it-noun|m}}
# 一種[[紅酒]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:it:Trec|sense=1}}
* {{R:it:Trec|sense=2}}
* {{R:it:Trec|sense=3}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=efinnor|frenino|nefroni}}
==拉丁語==
===形容詞===
{{head|la|形容詞變格形|head=īnfernō}}
# {{inflection of|la|īnfernus||dat//abl|m//n|s}}
===名詞===
{{head|la|名詞變格形|head=īnfernō|g=m}}
# {{inflection of|la|īnfernus||dat//abl|s}}
==書面挪威語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|nb|it|inferno}},來自{{der|nb|la|infernus}}。
===名詞===
{{nb-noun-n3}}
# [[地獄]]
===來源===
* {{R:nb:OB}}
* {{R:nb:NAOB}}
==新挪威語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|nn|it|inferno}},來自{{der|nn|la|infernus}}。
===名詞===
{{nn-noun-n1}}
# [[地獄]]
===來源===
* {{R:nn:OB}}
==葡萄牙語==
{{wikipedia|lang=pt}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|inferno}}、{{m|roa-opt|iferno}},來自{{uder|pt|la|īnfernus||地獄;下層地區}}。
===發音===
{{pt-IPA|inférno}}
* {{IPA|pt|/ĩ.ˈfɛɻ.nu/|a=Caipira}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|in|fer|no}}
===名詞===
{{pt-noun|m}}
# {{lb|pt|Christianity}} [[地獄]]
# {{lb|pt|figurative}} 非常[[不快]]或[[負面]]的[[情況]]
# {{lb|pt|figurative}} 非常[[熱]]的[[地方]]
===感嘆詞===
{{pt-interj|!}}
# [[該死]]!
====相關詞====
* {{l|en|infernal}}
* {{l|en|inferninho}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pt:Priberam}}
{{C|pt|來世}}
==瑞典語==
===名詞===
{{sv-noun|n}}
# [[地獄]]
====使用說明====
* 瑞典人會將 ''inferno'' 將但丁聯繫起來,但也與{{w|奥古斯特·斯特林堡}}聯繫起來。
====變格====
{{sv-infl-noun-n-n}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|sv|infernalisk}}
qaiemronjl8yiqxlrx6hptw0emjbmwn
inner
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{{also|Inner}}
==英文==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|en|enm|inner}}, {{m|enm|ynner}}, {{m|enm|ynnere}},源自{{inh|en|ang|innera}} ({{m|ang|inne|t=在……之內}} 的比較級),源自{{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁en}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɪnə/|a=non-rhotic}}
** {{audio|en|en-au-inner.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɪnɚ/|[ɪ̃ɾ̃ɚ]|a=rhotic}}
** {{audio|en|en-us-inner.ogg|a=US}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈɪnnə(r)/|a=Indic}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪnə(ɹ)|s=2}}
* {{homophones|en|inter-}} {{qualifier|部分方言}}
===形容詞===
{{en-adj|innermore<l:rare>,inmore<l:obsolete>|sup=innermost,inmost}}
# [[內部]]的、[[裡面]]的、較[[內側]]的
#: {{ux|en|'''inner''' door; '''inner''' room; '''inner''' sanctum; '''inner''' surface|t='''內'''門;'''內'''室/'''裡'''間;'''密'''室/聖所'''內部''';'''內'''表面}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2013|month=July-August|author=[http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/stephen-p-lownie Stephen P. Lownie]; [http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/david-m-pelz David M. Pelz]
|magazine=w:American Scientist|title=[http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/4/stents-to-prevent-stroke Stents to Prevent Stroke]
|passage=As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the '''inner''' lining of blood vessels.}}
# [[靠近]][[中心]]的、近[[市區]]的
#: {{ux|en|the '''inner''' suburbs|t='''近'''郊}}
# [[體內]]的、[[內側]]的
#: {{ux|en|'''inner''' ear|'''內'''耳}}
# [[內心]]的、[[精神]]上的、[[心靈]]的
#: {{ux|en|'''inner''' confidence; '''inner''' strength; '''inner''' life; '''inner''' child; '''inner''' artist; '''inner''' peace; '''inner''' light|t='''內心的'''自信;'''內在'''力量/'''心靈的'''力量;'''精神'''世界/'''內心'''世界;'''內在'''小孩 (比喻成年人內心保留的童年心靈);'''內在的'''藝術家 (指一個人潛在的藝術天分);'''內心的'''平靜;'''內在'''光芒 (比喻人內心深處的善良本質)}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1973|author=w:John Lennon|title=w:Out the Blue
|passage=I will try to express. My '''inner''' feeling and thankfulness. For showing me the meaning of success}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2012-05-20|author=Nathan Rabin|work=w:The Onion AV Club
|titleurl=http://www.avclub.com/articles/marge-gets-a-job,73723/|title=TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)
|passage=Bart spies an opportunity to make a quick buck so he channels his '''inner''' carny and posits his sinking house as a natural wonder of the world and its inhabitants as freaks, barking to dazzled spectators, “Behold the horrors of the Slanty Shanty! See the twisted creatures that dwell within! Meet Cue-Ball, the man with no hair!”|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728021250/http://www.avclub.com/articles/marge-gets-a-job,73723/}}
# [[深層]]的、[[隱晦]]的、[[內在]]的、[[本質]]的
#: {{ux|en|'''inner''' meaning; '''inner''' resources; '''inner''' logic|t='''深層'''含義/'''內'''涵;'''內在'''資源/'''內在'''潛能;'''內在'''邏輯}}
# [[核心]]的、[[機密]]的、[[權力]][[中心]]的、[[內部]]的
#: {{ux|en|[[inner circle|'''inner''' circle]]; '''inner''' council|t='''核心'''圈子/'''內部'''小團體;'''核心'''委員會/'''內部'''會議}}
#* {{RQ:Travers Cuckoo in the Nest|chapter=2|passage=Mother{{...}}considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an '''inner''' Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonian held aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|en|interior}}
* {{l|en|internal}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|en|outer}}
====派生詞====
{{col|en|become one with one's inner self
|Inner Asia
|inner automorphism
|inner bar
|innerbelt
|Inner Brass
|inner cabinet
|inner cell mass
|inner child
|inner chimp
|inner circle
|inner-city
|inner city
|inner class
|inner core
|inner critic
|inner diameter
|inner-directed
|inner ear
|inner emigration
|inner experience
|inner eye
|Inner Hebrides
|inner join
|Inner Kartli
|inner lips
|innerly
|inner man
|inner mantle
|inner marker
|inner mission
|Inner Mongolia
|innerness
|innernet
|inner Oort Cloud
|inner orbital complex
|inner peace
|inner planet
|inner-platform effect
|inner product
|inner product space
|inner regular
|inner salt
|inner sanctum
|inner semidirect product
|inner Solar System
|innersole
|inner source
|InnerSource
|innerspring
|innerstanding
|inner strength
|Inner Temple
|Inner Tibet
|inner trigram
|inner tube
|innertube
|inner voice
|innerwear
|innerweb
|Inner West
|inner workings
|Petersson inner product
}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# [[內部]]、[[內側]]
# {{lb|en|South Africa}} [[被胎]]、[[被芯]]
# [[中鋒]]、[[內鋒]]
# {{lb|en|cricket}} 指戴在[[擊球]][[手套]]或[[守門員]]手套裡面的薄款保護性內層手套
# {{lb|en|UK politics}} [[留歐派]]人士
# {{lb|en|military|firearms}} [[靶紙]]第二環,次中心環
====反義詞====
* {{antsense|留歐派人士}} {{l|en|outer}}
===參見===
{{col2|en|breaker-inner|sit-inner|swim-inner}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=einnr|niner|renin}}
==德语==
{{-adj-}}
#内部的、里面的、内心的
#内科的、体内的
#国内的
[[Category:德语形容词]]
[[Category:英语名词]]
[[Category:待分類的英語詞]]
[[Category:英語]]
[[分类:拉丁文字]]
1k96ua1y86x91aislkpx20gsjgll61a
lupus
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{{also|Lupus|lúpus}}
==英语==
===词源===
{{bor+|en|la|lupus||狼}}。{{dbt|en|lobo|wolf}}。
===发音===
* {{enPR|lo͝o'pəs}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈluːpəs/|a=RP}}
*** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lupus.wav|a=Southern England}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈlupəs/|a=GA,CA}}
*** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-lupus.wav|a=Texas}}
** {{IPA|en|/ˈlʉːpəs/|a=AU,NZ}}
* {{rhymes|en|uːpəs|s=2}}
===名词===
{{en-noun|-}}
# {{lb|en|病理学}} [[红斑狼疮]]
#* {{quote-av|en|actor=w:Conan O'Brien|title=Conan Visits Taco Bell|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYpKwt4Za_4&nohtml5=False|series=Conan|publisher=Team Coco|date=2015-01-21|time=00:05:15|passage=You like the name ''quesalupa''? That is a little like "case of '''lupus'''". I just keep thinking about that.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=2022-03-17|author=Joan T. Merrill; Victoria P. Werth; Richard Furie ''et al.''|title=Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus|journal=w:The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=386|issue=11|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2106535|page=1034|passage=Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic '''lupus''' erythematosus (SLE).}}
====近义词====
* {{l|en|wolf}} {{qual|弃用}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col4|en
|neurolupus
|rhupus
}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{pedia|lang=en|Lupus}}
==加泰罗尼亚语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ca|la|lupus}}。继承词{{doublet|ca|llop|notext=1}}的同源对似词。
===发音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===名词===
{{ca-noun|m|-}}
# [[红斑狼疮]]
{{C|ca|疾病}}
==意大利语==
===词源===
{{bor+|it|la|lupus}}。{{doublet|it|lovo|notext=1}}、{{doublet|it|lupo}}。
===发音===
{{it-pr|lùpus}}
===名词===
{{it-noun|m|#}}
# {{lb|it|disease}} [[红斑狼疮]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|it|lupico}}
* {{l|it|lupoma}}
==拉丁語==
{{wp|la:}}
===詞源===
{{ety|la|title=lupus|:bor<unc>|itc-sbl:-<ety:inh<itc-pro:*lukʷos<ety:der<ine-pro:*wĺ̥kʷos>>>>}}
源自{{der|la|itc-pro|*lukʷos}},源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*wĺ̥kʷos|t=狼}},其中''*wĺ̥-''变换为''*lú-''。''*kʷ''到{{ic|/p/}}的转换可能是因为借自{{bor|la|itc-sbl}},该语支中这种变换是规则的。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|lupus|353}}</ref><ref>'''2003''', ''Indo-European Linguistics'', Michael Meier-Brügger, Matthias Fritz, and Manfred Mayrhofe (p. 99).</ref>这种变换的另一个例子是{{m|la|popīna}}。
同源词包括{{cog|grc|λύκος}}、{{cog|sa|वृक}}、{{cog|ang|wulf}}和{{cog|cu|влькъ}}。{{doublet|la|lycos|Lycus}}。其与{{ncog|la|vulpēs||狐狸}}无关。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|lupus}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|lupus<2>|f=lupa}}
# {{lb|la|zoology}} [[狼]](''[[Canis lupus|C. lupus]]'')
#: {{ux|la|Homō hominī '''lupus'''.
|人对于人来说就是'''狼'''。}}
# {{lb|la|zoology}} 类似狼的动物,尤指:
## [[梭子鱼]]({{taxfmt|Esocidae|family}})
## [[狼鱼]]({{taxfmt|Anarhichadidae|family}})
## 一种尚未确定的[[蜘蛛]]
# {{lb|la|carpentry}} 像狼牙的工具,尤指:
## 某种[[衔铁]]
## 某种[[手锯]]
## 某种挂工具用的钩子
# {{lb|la|botany}} [[啤酒花]](''[[Humulus lupulus|H. lupulus]]'')
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|lupus<2>}}
====近义词====
* {{l|la|hirpus}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col|la
|agnum lupō ēripere velle<t:幻想,妄想(不可能的事)(原意:想从狼那里救羔羊)>
|homō hominī lupus
|lupa
|lupārius
|lupātus
|lupellus<ll:中古拉丁语>
|Lupercus
|lupīnus
|Lupus
|lupulus
|lupus in fābulā
|lupus in sermōne
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* 东罗曼语支:
** {{desc|rup|lup|lupu}}
** {{desc|ruo|lup}}
** {{desc|ruq|lup}}
** {{desc|ro|lup}}
* 意大利-罗曼语支:
** {{desc|it|lopo|qq=區域用詞}}
** {{desc|nap|lupo}}
** {{desctree|scn|lupu}}
* 帕达尼亚:
** 高卢-意大利语支:
*** {{desc|egl|låuv}}
*** {{desc|lij|lô}}
*** {{desc|lmo|lov|loff|lóff}}
** {{desc|fur|lôf}}
** {{desc|rm|luf}}
** {{desctree|vec|lovo}}
* 高卢-罗曼语支:
** {{desc|ca|llop}}
** {{desc|frp|lop}}
** {{desc|fro|leu}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|oc|lop}}
* 伊比利亚罗曼语支:
** {{desc|mwl|lhobo}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|lobo}}
** {{desc|ast|llobu}}
** {{desc|roa-leo|llobu}}
** {{desc|mwl|lhobo}}
** {{desctree|osp|lobo}}
* {{desctree|la-vul|*lūpum}}
* 人工语言:
** {{desc|eo|lupo|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ia|lupo|bor=1}}
** {{desc|vo|lup|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
拉丁语由来科学术语:
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Lupus|lupus}}
* {{desc|fi|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|lúpus|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|ro|lupus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|Lupus|lupus}}
* {{desc|mul|Lupus|alt=''Lupus''|bor=1}};{{desc|mul|Anarhichas lupus|alt=''Anarhichas lupus''|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{taxfmt|Canis lupus|species}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
{{reflist}}
{{cln|la|詞義不確定的詞}}
{{C|la|狼}}
==罗马尼亚语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ro|fr|lupus}}。{{doublet|ro|lup}}。
===名词===
{{ro-noun|n|-}}
# [[红斑狼疮]]
====变格====
{{ro-noun-n|n=sg}}
==西班牙语==
{{wikipedia|lang=es}}
===词源===
{{bor+|es|la|lupus}}。{{doublet|es|lobo}}。
===发音===
{{es-pr}}
===名词===
{{es-noun|m|-}}
# [[红斑狼疮]]
====衍生词汇====
{{col|es|lúpico}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
{{C|es|疾病}}
m6ql82q7ba5ontfcwt4uuzzz97rgd85
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{{also|pandémonium|pandemònium|pandemónium}}
==英语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|en|pandaemonium|pandæmonium}}
===词源===
{{coin|en|约翰·弥尔顿}} 在《{{w|失乐园}}》一書中所造,原作{{m|en|Pandæmonium}},源自{{der|en|grc|πᾶν||全}}(等价于{{m+|en|pan-}}) + {{der|en|la-lat|daemonium||恶魂,恶魔}},源自{{der|en|grc|δαιμόνιον||神祇}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˌpændɪˈməʊnɪəm/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌpændəˈmoʊni.əm/|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-pandemonium.ogg|(美国)音频}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-pandemonium.ogg|(澳洲)音频}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊniəm|s=5}}
===名词===
{{en-noun|~|s|pandemonia}}
# [[混乱]],[[骚动]],[[骚乱]]
#: {{syn|en|chaos|bedlam}}
#* {{RQ:Chesterton Thursday|page=259}}
#*: {{quote|en|Whatever all this '''pandemonium''' means, I suppose the police station will help us.|t=無論這場'''騷動'''意味著甚麼,我認為警察局一定會幫助我們。}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|date=October 22 2004|journal={{w|波士頓環球報}}
|passage=Whenever you have violent '''pandemonium''', there's the overwhelming possibility for panic and tragedy.|translation=每當發生暴力'''騷動'''時,極有可能會造成恐慌和不幸。}}
# {{qual|尤指人群的}} [[激愤]],[[混乱]]
#: {{syn|en|outburst|uproar}}
#* {{RQ:Guardian|date=Mar 14 2017|author=史都華·詹姆斯|title=Leicester stun Sevilla to reach last eight after Kasper Schmeichel save|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405221657/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/mar/14/leicester-city-sevilla-champions-league-match-report}}
#*: {{quote|en|Riyad Mahrez flighted the free-kick that followed to the far post and Morgan, with not much finesse but plenty of desire, bundled the ball over the line. Cue '''pandemonium''' in the stands.|t=利雅德·馬赫雷斯將自由球射向遠門柱,摩根故不上調整策略,碰運氣將球踢出了門線。看臺下'''歡聲雷動'''。}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col|en|pandemonic|pandemoniac|pandemonian|pandemoniacal|pandemonious|pandemonium architecture|pandemonium effect|pandamonium|fandemonium}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|pandemònium|bor=1}}, {{desc|ca|pandemoni|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|nl|pandemonium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|pandémonium|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|pandemoniu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Pandämonium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|πανδαιμόνιο|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|pandemonio|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nn|pandemonium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|pandemonium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|pandemónio|bor=1}}, {{desc|pt|pandemônio|nolang=1|q=巴西}}
* {{desc|es|pandemónium|bor=1}}, {{desc|es|pandemonio|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|sv|pandemonium|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|пандемониум|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参见===
* {{l|en|Pandæmonium}}
* {{l|en|all hell breaks loose}}
{{cln|en|含有前綴pan-的詞}}
==荷兰语==
===发音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-pandemonium.ogg|音频}}
===名词===
{{nl-noun|n|-s|+}}
# [[群魔]]
# [[混乱]]
==新挪威语==
===名词===
{{nn-noun-irreg|n|pandemoniet|pandemonium|pandemonia}}
# {{lb|nn|antiquity}} [[万神殿]]
# [[恶魔]]的[[住处]],[[地狱]]
#: {{syn|nn|helvete}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:nn:OB}}
==波兰语==
===词源===
{{bor+|pl|en|pandemonium}}。
===发音===
{{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-pandemonium.wav}}
===名词===
{{pl-noun|n|indecl=yes}}
# {{lb|pl|literary}} [[地狱]]
#: {{syn|pl|piekło}}
# {{lb|pl|literary}} [[骚乱]]
#: {{syn|pl|koszmar}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
==瑞典语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|sv|pandæmonium|pandämonium||古旧}}
===词源===
最终{{der+|sv|en|Pandæmonium|nocap=1}}。{{etydate|1815|ref={{R:svenska.se|SO}}}}
===名词===
{{sv-noun|n}}
# {{lb|sv|figuratively}} [[恶魔]][[聚集]]处
#* {{quote-book|1=sv|year=1846|author={{w|Johan Nybom|lang=sv}}|title=Samlade dikter III|page=32|pageurl=https://litteraturbanken.se/f%C3%B6rfattare/NybomJ/titlar/SamladeDikter3/sida/30/faksimil|text=Det gamla Roma var<br>Nu hela kristenhetens rika prestgäll,<br>Ett '''pandämonium''' som förr, der lasten,<br>I påfvemantel och i munkekåpor,<br>Uppvaktade — o, hvilket skändligt hån!|t=}}
#* {{quote-book|1=sv|date=17 November 1839|year_published=1926|author=w:Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom|editor={{w|Carl Santesson|lang=sv}}|title=P. D. A. Atterboms och B. v. Beskows brevväxling. I. 1822–1840|pages=338–339|pageurl=https://litteraturbanken.se/f%C3%B6rfattare/AtterbomPDA/titlar/AtterbomBeskowBrevI/sida/339/faksimil|text=Upsala har verkligen nu blifvit ett litet artigt helvete, eller '''pandæmonium''' - Tack vare vännen Geijer, som med sitt Litteraturblad öppnade Pandoras-asken för allt detta djefleri!|t=}}
# [[骚乱]],[[混乱]]
#* {{quote-journal|1=sv|date=4 June 2009|journal=w:Dagens Nyheter|title=Ett skepp kommer lastat med galna rockstjärnor|trans-title=I spy crazy rock stars|titleurl=https://www.dn.se/arkiv/pa-stan/ett-skepp-kommer-lastat-med-galna-rockstjarnor/|text=Israeliska garagerockarna Monotonix har sedan 2005 orsakat '''pandemonium''' genom att vägra spela på scen och sätta eld på sig själva och sina instrument.|t=}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:svenska.se|SAOB}}
37bjxkgnvhrw3n9nsqy1hztt7d5vjl0
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==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===詞源===
來自{{suffix|en|business|man}}。取代早期的{{m|en|merchant}},源頭來自{{noncog|la|mercāns|t=商人,購買者}}。
===發音===
* {{audio|en|en-us-businessman.ogg|音頻 (美國)}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈbɪznəsmən/|/ˈbɪznɪsmən/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈbɪznəsmæn/|/ˈbɪznəsmən/|a=US}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|businessmen}}
# [[商人]]
#: {{syn|en|businessperson|q1=性別中立}}
#* {{quote-song|en|year=2005|artist={{w|Kanye West}} ft. {{w|Jay-Z}}|album=Late Registration|title=Diamonds From Sierra Leone (Remix)|passage=I'm not a '''businessman''', I'm a business, man}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|fr|businessman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ga|fear gnó|clq=1}}
* {{desc|mk|бизнисмен|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|biznesmen|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|businessman|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ru|бизнесме́н|tr=biznɛsmén|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бѝзнисмен|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bìznismen|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|biznismen|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|en|entrepreneur}}
{{cln|en|有不規則複數的名詞}}
{{c|en|職業|人}}
==法語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|fr|en|businessman}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA|bisenessemane}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-businessman.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m|businessmen|+|f=businesswoman}}
# [[商人]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|職業}}
==波蘭語==
{{wiki|lang=pl}}
===詞源===
{{ubor|pl|en|businessman}}。
===發音===
{{pl-pr|'biz.nes.men,biznesmen<a:colloquial>|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-businessman.wav|h=busi.ness.man}}
===名詞===
{{pl-noun|m-pr|f=businesswoman}}
# {{lb|pl|business}} {{alt sp|pl|biznesmen}}。
====變格====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-pr}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
{{C|pl|男性|職業}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ro|en|businessman}}。
===名詞===
{{ro-noun|m|businessmeni}}
# [[商人]]
====變格====
{{ro-noun-m|pl=businessmeni}}
5stiks341cy8kv5kol4u4o9iuuvqu7r
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/* 日語 */
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=编辑|alt=編緝}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=biānjí,tl=y
|ma=Zh-bianjí.ogg
|dg=бян1җи1/бян1җи3
|c=pin1 cap1
|h=pfs=piên-si̍p;hrs=h:bienˋ sibˋ;gd=piên1 xib6
|md=biĕng-cék
|mn=qz,twv:phian-chip/tw:pian-chi̍p/xm,twv:pian-chip/ml,twv:phian-chhip
|mn-t=piang1 cib4
|cat=n,v
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[蒐集]][[資料]],加以[[鑑別]]、[[選擇]]、[[分類]]、[[整理]]、[[排列]]和[[組織]]
## {{lb|zh|特指}} [[製作]][[書報]][[雜誌]]的人
#: {{syn|zh|編者}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|蒐集資料,加以鑑別、選擇、分類、整理、排列和組織}}
* 保加利亚语:{{t+|bg|редакти́ране|n}}
* 加泰罗尼亚语:{{t+|ca|edició|f}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|editing}}
* 世界语:{{t|eo|muntado}}、{{t|eo|redaktado}}
* 芬兰语:{{t+|fi|editointi}}、{{qualifier|電影}} {{t+|fi|leikkaus}}
* 法语:{{t+|fr|rédaction|f}}
* 德语:{{t+|de|Bearbeitung|f}}
* 爱尔兰语:{{t|ga|eagarthóireacht|f}}
* 意大利语:{{t+|it|redazione|f}}、{{qualifier|電影等}} {{t+|it|montaggio|m}}
* 日语:{{t+|ja|編集|tr=へんしゅう, henshū}}
* 波斯语:{{t+|fa|ویرایش|tr=virâyeš}}
* 葡萄牙语:{{t+|pt|edição|f}}
* 俄语:{{t+|ru|редакти́рование|n}}
* 苏格兰盖尔语:{{t|gd|deasachadh|m}}
* 西班牙语:{{qualifier|電影}} {{t+|es|montaje|m}}、{{t+|es|edición|f}}
* 瑞典语:{{t+|sv|redaktion|c}}、{{t+|sv|redigering|c}}
* 威尔士语:{{qualifier|行為}} {{t+|cy|golygu|m}}、{{qualifier|實例}} {{t|cy|golygiad|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-see|人|編者}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# {{lb|zh|書籍|software|文件|_|等}} [[編纂]],進行[[彙整]]和[[加工]]
#: {{zh-x|您 可以 在 編輯 或 修正 內容 後 再次 預覽。}}
#* {{zh-x|前後 再 居 史職,無所 '''編緝'''。||CL|ref=《{{w|魏書}}·[[s:魏書/卷82#李琰之|列傳第七十]]》}}
#* {{zh-x|不揆 庸虛,久 思 編輯。||CL|ref='''唐'''·{{w|顏真卿}}《[[s:干祿字書序|干祿字書序]]》}}
#* {{zh-x|今 所 存 者 才 二十 卷,又 未經 學者 編輯,古律 錯亂、前後 不倫,蓋 不 爲{wéi} 近世 所 尚 墜逸。||CL|ref='''宋'''·{{w|蘇舜欽}}《題杜子美別集後》}}
====同義詞====
{{syn-saurus|zh|編纂}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top}}
* 南非语:{{t+|af|wysig}}
* 阿拉伯语:{{t+|ar|حَرَّرَ}}、{{t+|ar|عَدَّلَ}}
* 亚美尼亚语:{{t+|hy|խմբագրել}}
* 阿塞拜疆语:{{t|az|redaktə etmək}}
* 巴斯克语:{{t|eu|argitaratu}}
* 白俄罗斯语:{{t|be|рэдагава́ць|impf}}
* 布列塔尼语:{{t+|br|kemmañ}}
* 保加利亚语:{{t+|bg|редакти́рам|impf}}
* 缅甸语:{{t+|my|တည်}}
* 加泰罗尼亚语:{{t+|ca|editar}}
* 捷克语:{{t|cs|editovat|impf}}
* 丹麦语:{{t+|da|redigere}}
* 荷兰语:{{t+|nl|bewerken}}、{{t+|nl|wijzigen}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|edit}}
* 世界语:{{t|eo|ŝanĝi}}、{{t|eo|modifi}}、{{t+|eo|adapti}}、{{t|eo|redakti}}
* 爱沙尼亚语:{{t|et|toimetama}}
* 芬兰语:{{t+|fi|muokata}}、{{t+|fi|muuttaa}}、{{t|fi|editoida}}
* 法语:{{t+|fr|modifier}}、{{t+|fr|corriger}}、{{t+|fr|rediger}}、{{t+|fr|éditer}}
* 加利西亚语:{{t|gl|editar}}
* 格鲁吉亚语:{{t|ka|რედაქციის გაკეტება}}、{{t|ka|რედაქტირება}}
* 德语:{{t+|de|bearbeiten}}、{{t+|de|redigieren}}、{{t+|de|editieren}}
* 希伯来语:{{t+|he|ערך|tr=arákh}}
* 印地语:{{t|hi|संपादन करना}}
* 匈牙利语:{{t+|hu|szerkeszt}}
* 伊多语:{{t+|io|redaktar}}
* 因特语:{{t|ia|editar}}
* 爱尔兰语:{{t|ga|cuir in eagar}}
* 意大利语:{{t+|it|redigere}}、{{t+|it|elaborare}}
* 日语:{{t|ja|編集|alt=編集する|tr=へんしゅうする, henshū suru}}
* 高棉语:{{t|km|កែសំរួល|tr=kae sɑmruəl|sc=Khmr}}、{{t|km|កែប្រែ|tr=kae prae|sc=Khmr}}
* 朝鲜语:{{t+|ko|편집하다}}
* 拉丁语:{{t|la|corrigō}}
* 马其顿语:{{t|mk|уредува|impf}}
* 马来语:{{t|ms|menyunting}}、{{t|ms|mengedit}}
* 马拉雅拉姆语:{{t+|ml|തിരുത്തുക}}
* 蒙古语:{{t+|mn|редакторлах}}
* 纳瓦霍语:{{t|nv|łahgo áshłééh}}
* 挪威语:
*: 书面挪威语:{{t+|nb|redigere}}
* 奥克语:{{t|oc|editar}}
* 波斯语:{{t|fa|ویرایش کردن|tr=virâyeš kardan}}、{{t+|fa|ویراستن|tr=virâstan}}
* 波兰语:{{t+|pl|edytować|impf}}、{{t+|pl|redagować|impf}}
* 葡萄牙语:{{t+|pt|editar}}
* 罗马尼亚语:{{t+|ro|edita}}、{{t+|ro|modifica}}、{{t+|ro|schimba}}
* 俄语:{{t+|ru|редакти́ровать|impf}}、{{t+|ru|изменя́ть|impf}}、{{t+|ru|пра́вить|impf}}
* 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语:
*: 西里尔字母:{{t|sh|уређивати|impf}}、{{t|sh|уредити|pf}}
*: 罗马字母:{{t+|sh|uređivati|impf}}、{{t+|sh|urediti|pf}}
* 斯洛伐克语:{{t|sk|editovať|impf}}、{{t|sk|zmeniť|pf}}
* 斯洛文尼亚语:{{t+|sl|urejati|impf}}、{{t|sl|urediti|pf}}
* 西班牙语:{{t+|es|editar}}
* 瑞典语:{{t+|sv|redigera}}、{{t+|sv|bearbeta}}、{{t+|sv|ändra}}
* 塔吉克语:{{t|tg|вироиш кардан}}
* 泰语:{{t+|th|แก้ไข}}
* 土耳其语:{{t+|tr|değiştirmek|lit=to change}}
* 乌克兰语:{{t+|uk|редагува́ти|impf}}、{{t|uk|змі́нювати|impf}}
* 乌兹别克语:{{t|uz|tahrir qilmoq}}
* 越南语:{{t+|vi|biên tập}} ({{t|vi|編輯}})
* 威尔士语:{{t+|cy|golygu}}
* 意第绪语:{{t|yi|רעדאַקטירן}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===衍生詞===
{{col3|zh|編輯室|編輯部|總編輯|編輯戰|編輯衝突|基因編輯|編輯費}}
===派生詞===
{{CJKV||へんしゅう|편집|biên tập|j=編集}}
{{zh-cat|Intermediate|職業|人|書寫}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|へん|しゅう|yomi=o,kanon}}
{{ja-see|編集}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=편집}}
# {{hanja form of|편집}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===動詞===
{{vi-verb|sc=Hani}}
# {{han tu form of|biên tập}}
7ughsvhphyqtbsxv48ww0l3th3tnzdd
شاه
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{{also|شاہ|ساہ|شاة}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===詞源1===
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.nopass.vn:شَوْه}}
# {{rfdef|ar}}
=====屈折=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.nopass.vn:شَوْه}}
===詞源2===
{{root|ar|ine-pro|*tek-|id=收}}
{{bor+|ar|fa|شاه}}。
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|شَاه|m}}
# [[君主]],[[沙阿]]
# {{lb|ar|chess}} [[國王]]
#: {{uxi|ar|شاه مات|將軍}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|شَاه}}
=====同義詞=====
* {{l|ar|ملك}} {{qual|國際象棋}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ar|شَاهَة}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|bor=1|eu|xake}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|šach}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|xaque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|xeque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|šach}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|šah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|jaque}}
* {{desc|bor=1|la-vul|*scaccus}}
** {{desc|it|scacco}}
** {{desctree|fro|eschec}}
** {{desc|bor=1|gmh|schāch}}
*** {{desctree|de|Schach}}
** {{desc|bor=1|stq|Schak|Schach}}
** {{desctree|der=1|la-med|scaccarium}}
====參見====
{{table:chess pieces/ar}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa|sc=fa-Arab}}
===替代寫法===
* {{l|fa|شه|tr=šah}}
===詞源===
{{root|fa|ine-pro|*tek-|id=收}}
{{inh+|fa|pal|𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠|ts=šāh|sc=Phli}},來自{{inh|fa|peo|𐏋|ts=xšāyaθiya||國王|sc=Xpeo}},來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*xšáyati}},來自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*kšáyati||他統治,他擁有權力}} (經由{{cog|sa|क्षयति|tr=kṣáyati}}),來自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*tek-||得到權力,得到控制}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|šāh}}
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-شاه.wav|音頻 (伊朗)}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|شاه|شاه|шоҳ}}
{{fa-noun|tr=šâh|pl=شاهان|pltr=šâhân}}
# [[王]];[[君主]],[[沙阿]]
# {{lb|fa|chess}} [[國王]]
# {{lb|fa|用於組詞}} 最大的或最好的東西
# {{lb|fa|archaic}} [[新郎]],[[女婿]],[[連襟]]
#* '''公元10世紀''',{{w|菲爾多西}},{{w|列王紀 (伊朗)|列王紀}}
#*: {{ux|fa|مگر '''شاه''' را نزد ماه آوریم / به نزدیک او پایگاه آوریم|tr=magar '''šâh''' râ nazd-e mâh âvarim / be nazdik-e 'u pâygâh âvarim|t=[...我們不會放棄]除非我們把'''新郎'''(Zāl)帶到月亮(比喻:Rudāba)面前,/把他安頓在她身邊。}}
#: {{syn|fa|شاهداماد|tr=šâh-dâmâd}}
====衍生詞====
{{der3|fa|{{l|fa|شاهدخت|tr=šâh-doxt}}
|{{l|fa|شاهزاده|tr=šâh-zâde}}
|{{l|fa|شاهنامه|tr=šâh-nâme}}
|{{l|fa|شاه مات|tr=šâh mât}}
|{{l|fa|شاهنشاه|tr=šâhanšâh}}
|{{l|fa|شاهدانه|tr=šâh-dâne}}
|{{l|fa|شاهتوت|tr=šâh-tut}}
|{{l|fa|شاهکار|tr=šâh-kâr}}
|{{l|fa|شاهرگ|tr=šâh-rag}}
|{{l|fa|شاهسپرم|tr=šâhasparam}}
|{{l|fa|شاهطوطی|tr=šâh-tuti}}
|{{l|fa|شاهراه|tr=šâhrâh}}
|{{l|fa|شاهرود|tr=šâhrud}}
|{{l|fa|شاهدزد|tr=šâhdozd}}
|{{l|fa|شاهداماد|tr=šâh-dâmâd}}
}}
====派生詞====
* {{desctree|bor=1|ar|شَاه}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|şah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|шаһ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|শাহ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|xa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zh|沙阿|tr=shā'ā|沙赫|tr2=shāhè}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|shah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|sjah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|shah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|šahh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|šakki|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fr|schah|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|შაჰი}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|शाह}}
*: {{desc|ur|شاہ|tr=šāh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|sakk}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|seá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|scià}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|シャー|tr=shā}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|шаһ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ko|샤}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kum|шагь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|šahs}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lez|шагь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|šachas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|syah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mn|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|շահ}}
** {{desc|hy|շահ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|sjah}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|non|skák}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ota|شاه|tr=shâh}}
** {{desc|tr|şah}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|shah}}
** {{desc|bor=1|hu|sah}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|șah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|شاه|tr=šāh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|szach}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|xá}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ru|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|шах}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|šah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|sah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|shah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|шаһ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|şah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|şah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|шах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|شاھ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|shoh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vi|sa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zza|şağ}}
====參見====
{{table:chess pieces/fa}}
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{{also|بہار|تہار|پہاڑ}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ar|fa-cls|بهار|tr=bahār|}},是指花與葉,因為許多香料都是從各種植物和草藥採集而來。
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|بَهَار|m|pl=بَهَارَات}}
# [[牛眼菊]] ({{taxlink|Buphthalmum|genus}} spp.)
#: {{syn|ar|عَرَار|عَيْن الْبَقَر|رَبْد}}
# [[香料]],[[調味料]]
#: {{syn|ar|تَابِل|أَبْزَار|أَفَاوِيه}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بَهَار|pl=بَهَارَات}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ar|بَهَار حُلْو|t=多香果}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|afb|بهار|tr=bhār}}
* {{desctree|ota|بهار|tr=bahar|bor=1}}
{{qual|經由複數形{{l|ar|بَهَارَات}}}}:
* {{desc|en|baharat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|baharat|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ar|ur|بھار}} / {{bor|ar|hi|भार}}。
====發音====
* {{a|ar|標準}} {{ar-IPA|بُهَار}}
* {{a|ar|方言}} {{ar-IPA|بَهَار}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|بُهَار|m|pl=بُهَارَات}} {{tlb|ar|obsolete}}
# [[袋子]]
# [[重量]][[單位]],因地而異,約200[[公斤]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بُهَار|pl=بُهَارَات}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|en|bahar|bor=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:ar:Dozy|volume=1|page=121}}
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=203}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|page=266}}
{{topics|ar|菊科植物|香料|計量單位|袋}}
==海灣阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|afb|ar|بَهَار}},來自{{der|afb|fa-cls|بهار|tr=bahār}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|afb|/bhɑːr/|a=科威特}}
===名詞===
{{head|afb|名詞|head=بْهار|tr=bhār|雙數|بْهارين|f1tr=bhārēn|複數|بْهارات|f2tr=bhārāt}}
# [[香料]],[[調味料]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ota|պահար||亞美尼亞-土耳其字母}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ota|fa|بهار|tr=bahâr}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=bahar}}
# [[繁榮]]
# [[青翠]]
# [[葉子]]
# [[春天]]
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ota|بهارستان|tr=baharistan|t=春天;公園,花園}}
=====參見=====
* {{table:seasons/ota}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ota|ar|بَهَار}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=bahar}}
# [[香料]],[[調味料]]
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ota|یڭیبهار|tr=yeñibahar|t=多香果}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|ota|قارنبهار|tr=karnabahar|t=花椰菜}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|bahar}}
* {{desc|hy|պահար|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|баха́р|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ბაჰარი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|μπαχάρι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lzz|ბეჲარი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|бахар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бѐха̄р|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bèhār|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|crh|baar|bor=1}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
[[Image:XN Fruehjahrswiese 00.jpg|thumb|{{fa-rtl|گلهای بهاری}}]]
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|fa|باهار|tr=bâhâr}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal|whʾl|tr=wahār}},來自{{inh|fa|peo|𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼}},來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*wáhār}},{{m|ira-pro|*wáhr̥}}的集合名詞,來自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*wásr̥}},源自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*wósr̥|t=春天}}。
對照{{cog|mzn|وهار|tr=vehār}}、{{cog|tly|اوسور|tr=əvəsor}}、{{cog|lki|وهار|tr=whar}}、{{cog|zza|wesar}}、{{cog|ckb|بههار}}。
其他與{{cog|xcl|գարուն}}、{{cog|la|ver}}、{{cog|grc|ἔαρ}}、{{cog|cu|весна}}、{{cog|lt|vãsara}}、{{cog|non|vár}}等同源。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|ba`hār}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|بهار|بهار|баҳор}}
{{fa-noun|tr=bahâr}}
# [[春天]]
# [[繁榮]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|بهاری|tr=bahâri}}
* {{l|fa|بهاره|tr=bahâre}}
* {{l|fa|بهاران|tr=bahârân}}
* {{l|fa|بهارستان|tr=bahârestân}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|բահար|bor=1}}
* {{desc|aii|ܒܲܗܵܪ|bor=1|tr=bahār}}
* {{desc|az|bahar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|বাহার|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|बहार|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ur|بہار|tr=bahār|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|بهار|tr=bahar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|ਬਹਾਰ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|بهار|tr=bahāra|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|bahor|bor=1}}
===專有名詞===
{{fa-proper noun|tr=bahâr}}
# {{given name|fa|female|xlit=[[Bahar]]|from=中古波斯語}}
===參見===
{{list:seasons/fa}}
==信德語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sd|fa-cls|بهار|tr=bahār}}。對照{{cog|ur|بہار|tr=bahār}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sd|[baɦɑːra]}}
===名詞===
{{sd-noun|g=f|tr=bahāra|d=बहार}}
# [[春天]]
# [[繁榮]]
====參見====
{{table:seasons/sd}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|بَهَار}},來自{{der|ajp|fa-cls|بهار|tr=bahār}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|bhār<p:bhɑːrˤ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-IbrahimZ (AdrianAbdulBaha)-بهار.wav|音頻 (伯利恆)}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=bhār|pl=بهارات|pltr=bhārāt}}
# [[香料]]
{{c|ajp|香料}}
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{{also|چاي|چاۓ|خای}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===名詞===
{{az-arabic-noun|tr=çay|ێ|tr2=çayı|لار|tr3=çaylar}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|çay}}
====變格====
{{az-arabic-noun-decl-c|a}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
來自{{der|ota|zhx}} {{l|zh|茶}}。
====替代寫法====
* {{alter|ota|چا|tr1=ça}}
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=çay}}
# [[茶]]
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ota|اطه چایی|tr=ada çayı|t=智者}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ady|щай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|çaj}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|չայ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|сәй}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|şay|çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|τσάι}} {{qual|可能經由斯拉夫語言}}
* {{desc|bor=1|acw|چاي|tr=čāy}}
* {{desc|bor=1|krc|шай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kaa|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|шай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|чај}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ru|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|чај}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|čaj}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|čaj}}<!--來自 S-C-->
* {{desc|bor=1|dsb|čaj}} {{qual|書面}}
* {{desc|bor=1|alt|чай}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|чәй}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|چاي}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|choy}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zza|çay}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*čāj}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=çay}}
# [[小河]]
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|çay}}
{{topics|ota|茶}}
== 普什圖語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{der|ps|zh|茶|sc=Hani|tr=chá}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ps|/t͡ʃɑi/}}
* {{audio|ps|Ps-چای.oga|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=čây|pl=چای}}
# [[茶]]
==波斯語==
===替代寫法===
* {{l|fa|چایی|tr=čâyi}}
* {{l|fa|چائی|tr=čâ'i}}
* {{l|fa|چا|tr=čâ}}
===詞源===
可能來自{{suffix|fa|چا|ی}}或{{der|fa|zhx}} {{m|zh|茶葉|sc=Hani|tr=cháyè}}。
===發音===
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-چای.wav|Audio}}
{{fa-regional|چای|چای|чой}}
{{fa-IPA|čāy}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=čây|pl=چایها|pltr=čây-hâ}}
# [[茶]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|fa|چایخانه|tr=čâyxâne}}
* {{l|fa|چایدان|tr=čâydân}}
* {{l|fa|چای سبز|tr=čây-e-sabz}}
* {{l|fa|چای کیسهای|tr=čây-e-kise-i}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|شَاي|صَاي|صَا}}
** {{desc|bor=1|arc|ܟ݈ܐܝ|tr=chai|sc=Hebr}}
** {{desc|bor=1|acw|شاهي|tr=šāhi}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ayl|شاهي|tr=šāhi}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|चाय}}, {{l|hi|चा}}
*: {{desc|ur|چای|tr=ćāy}}, {{l|ur|چا|tr=cā}}
** {{desc|bor=1|en|chai|cha|char}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fr|chai}}
** {{desc|bor=1|de|Chai}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ja|チャイ|tr=chai}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ko|차이}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sw|chai}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kls|čay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kok|चा|च्या}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ml|ചായ|sc=Mlym}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mr|चहा}}
* {{desc|bor=1|or|ଚା}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|چای|tr=čây}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pa|ਚਾਹ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sd|چانھ|tr=čānhi}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|چای|tr=çay}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|çaý}}
{{C|fa|茶}}
== 烏爾都語 ==
===替代寫法===
* {{l|ur|چائے|sc=ur-Arab|tr=cā'e}}
* {{l|ur|چا|sc=ur-Arab|tr=cā}}
* {{l|ur|چاۓ|sc=ur-Arab|tr=cā'e}}
* {{l|ur|چاء|sc=ur-Arab|tr=cā'}}
===詞源===
來自{{der|ur|fa|چای|tr=čây}}。源頭來自{{der|ur|zhx}} {{m|zh|茶}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|cāy}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=cāy|hi=चाय}}
# [[茶]]
# 中國茶
# 印度茶
{{C|ur|茶}}
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{{also|زہر}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ز ه ر}}。
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|I/a~a.nopass.vn:زُهُور,زَهْر}}
# [[發光]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|I/a~a.nopass.vn:زُهُور,زَهْر}}
===名詞===
[[File:2017-05-29 14 25 22 Eastern Prickly Pear cactus blossoms along Ladybank Lane in the Chantilly Highlands section of Oak Hill, Fairfax County, Virginia.jpg|thumb|right|{{l|ar|زَهْر|tr=-}}]]
{{ar-coll-noun|زَهْر|sing=زَهْرَة|pl=زُهُور|pl2=أَزْهُر|pl3=أَزْهَار|pl4=أَزَاهِير|pl5=أَزَاهِر}}
# [[花]]
# [[花簇]]
# [[骰子]],[[色子]]
# [[鑄鐵]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-coll-noun|زَهْر|sing=زَهْرَة|pl=زُهُور|pl2=أَزْهُر|pl3=أَزْهَار|pl4=أَزَاهِير|pl5=أَزَاهِر}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|زار|tr=zâr}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|fa|زار|tr=zâr}}
* {{desc|der=1|ar||اَلزَّهْر|骰子}}
** {{desc|bor=1|gkm|αζάριον}}, {{l|grc|ζάριν}}
*** {{desc|el|ζάρι}}
** {{desc|bor=1|it|zara}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|fro|hasart}}
** {{desc|bor=1|pt|azar}}
** {{desc|bor=1|es|azar}}
===派生詞===
* {{l|ar|زهر الثالوث}}
* {{l|ar|زهر الربيع}}
* {{l|ar|زهر العسل}}
* {{l|ar|زهر اللؤلؤ}}
* {{l|ar|ماء الزهر}}
===參見===
* {{l|he|זהר}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===名詞===
{{head|ary|名詞|tr=zhr}}
# [[幸運]]
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===词源===
来自{{inh|fa|pal|zʾhl||tr=zahr|毒物,毒液}}。
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|زهر|زهر|заҳр}}
{{fa-noun|tr=zahr|pl=زهرها}}
# [[毒物]]
# [[毒液]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|پادزهر|tr=pâdzahr}}
* {{l|fa|زهرآلود|tr=zahrâlud}}
* {{l|fa|زهرآگین|tr=zahrâgin}}
* {{l|fa|زهر مار|tr=zahr-e-mâr}}
* {{l|fa|زهرشناسی|tr=zahršenâsi}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|prs|زهر|tr=zahr}}
* {{desc|fa-ira|زهر|tr=zahr}}
* {{desc|tg|заҳр}}
* {{desc|axm|զահր|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|զահր}}
* → 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|ज़हर}}
*: {{desc|ur|زہر|tr=zahr}}
* {{desc|glk|زهر|tr=zahr|bor=1}}
* Kermanic:
*: Abyanehi: (zāhr)
* {{desc|lrl|زهر|tr=zahr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|srh|tr=zār|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sgh|tr=zār|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|زهر|tr=zehr|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gag|zihir}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|зе̏хер|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|zȅher|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|tr|zehir}}
* {{desc|tk|zäher|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ydg|tr=zahᵃr|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Mackenzie|zahr|page=97}}
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==察合臺語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|chg|fa-cls|نماز|tr=namāz}}。
===名詞===
{{chg-noun|tr=namaz}}
# {{lb|chg|Islam}} [[禮拜]],[[薩拉特]]
====衍生詞====
{{col3|chg
|{{l|chg|نماز اوتاماک||tr=namāz ötämäk|t=祈禱}}
|{{l|chg|جاىنماز|tr=jāynamāz|t=祈禱墊}}
}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|ug|ناماز}}
* 烏茲別克語:
*: {{desc|uz|sclang=1|namoz}}
*: {{desc|uz|sclang=1|намоз|tr=-}}
===延伸閱讀===
*{{R:chg:Schluessel|page=198}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|ota|fa-cls|نماز|tr=namāz}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=namâz}}
# {{lb|ota|Islam}} [[禮拜]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|namaz}}
** {{desc|sq|namaz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|crh|namaz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pl|namaz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|namaz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ru|нама́з|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|nàmāz//на̀ма̄з|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=2106}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
From {{der|fa|pal|𐭥𐭮𐭢𐭣𐭤|tr=OSGDE|ts=namāz|t=尊敬,跪拜,禮拜}} / {{m|pal|𐬥𐬀𐬨𐬁𐬰|tr=namāz}},來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*námah}},來自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*námas||鞠躬,拜倒}},來自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*némos||祭祀場所,宗教場所}}。對照{{cog|sa|नमस्}}、{{cog|grc|νέμος}}、{{cog|la|nemus}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|na`māz}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|نماز|نماز|намоз}}
{{fa-noun|tr=namâz|pl=نمازها|pltr=namâz-hâ}}
# [[禮拜]]
#: {{ux|fa|نماز جمعه|tr=namâz-e jom'e|{{w|主麻日|星期五的禮拜}}|inline=1}}
# {{lb|fa|Islam}} [[薩拉特]]
====變格====
{{fa-decl-c|namâz|||namâz|poss=+}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|نماز خواندن|tr=namâz xândan}}
* {{l|fa|نماز بردن|tr=namâz bordan}}
* {{l|fa|جای نماز|tr=jây namâz|جای نماز|祈禱墊|pos=名詞}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|as|নামাজ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|namaz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|намаҙ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|নামাজ|tr=namaz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cmn|乃瑪子|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ნამაზი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|નમાજ|નમાઝ|નિમાજ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|नमाज़}}
** {{desc|ur|نماز|tr=namāz}}
* {{desc|jdt|нумаз|нимаз|bor=1}} {{gloss|猶太會堂}}
* {{desc|kk|намаз|bor=1}}
* {{desc|axm|նամազ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|նամազ}}
* {{desctree|ota|نماز|tr=namâz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|نماز|tr=namāz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|raj|निमाज|tr=nimāj|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|نماز|tr=namāz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|намаз|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|ละหมาด|นมาซ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ناماز|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|namoz|bor=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie:1971|namāz}}
{{C|fa|宗教}}
==烏爾都語==
{{swp|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|نماز|tr=namāz}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|namāz}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-نماز.wav|音頻 (PK)}}
* {{IPA|ur|/nɪ.mɑːz/|a=Europe,Overseas}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑːz|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|نَ|ماز}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=نَماز}}
# {{lb|ur|Islam}} [[禮拜]],[[薩拉特]]
#: {{syn|ur|صَلات|tr=ṣalāt}}
# {{lb|ur|figuratively}} [[獻身]];[[奉獻]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-f|نماز|namāz}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ur|نماز پڑھنا|tr=namāz paṛhna|t=祈禱}}
* {{l|ur|نماز ادا کرنا|tr=namāz ada karnā|t=祈禱}}
* {{l|ur|نمازی|tr=namāzī|t=虔誠}}
* {{l|ur|نماز گاہ|tr=namāz-gāh|t=禱告室}}
* {{l|ur|جا نماز|tr=jā-namāz|t=祈禱墊,祈禱毯}}
* {{l|ur|جائے نماز|tr=jā-e-namāz|t=祈禱墊,祈禱毯}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:UDB|w=228099}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
{{C|ur|宗教}}
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{{also|ہفتہ}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===名詞===
{{az-noun-arab|نی|لر|tr=həftə|tr2=həftəni|tr3=həftələr}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|həftə|t=星期}}
====變格====
{{az-noun-arab-v|ə}}
==波斯語==
{{swp|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{af|fa|هفت|tr1=haft|t1=七|ـه|tr2=-e}}。與{{cog|sa|सप्ताह}}同族。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|haf`ta|kbl=af`ta}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|هَفْتَه|هَفْتِه|ҳафта}}
{{fa-noun|head=هَفْتِه|tr=hafte|pl=هفتهها|pltr=hafte-hâ}}
# [[星期]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|fa|هفتگی|tr=haftegi}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|həftə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|হপ্তা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|હપતો|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|апта|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|апта|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|hafta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|हप्ता|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ne|हप्ता|bor=1}}
* {{tooltip|borrowed|→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|हफ़्ता|हफ्ता}}
*: {{desctree|ur|ہَفْتَہ}}
* {{tooltip|borrowed|→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਹਫ਼ਤਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ہفتہ|tr=hafta|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|rhg|háfta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ھەپتە|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|hafta|bor=1}}
===參見===
{{list:days of the week/fa}}
{{c|fa|時間}}
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{{also|جدا|حدا}}
==巴爾蒂語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|bft|/χu.dɑː/|[χu.dɑː]}}
* {{hyph|bft|خُ|دَا}}
===名詞===
{{head|bft|名詞|head=خُدَا|tr=xudâ|藏文|ཁུ༹་དཱ}}
# [[上帝]]
==俾路支語==
===名詞===
{{head|bal|名詞|tr=xuda}}
# [[上帝]],[[神]]
===參見===
* {{l|bal|ہدا|tr=huda}}
==哈拉吉語==
===名詞===
{{head|klj|名詞|head=خُدا|tr=Xudâ|限定賓格|خُدانؽ}}
# {{spelling of|klj|阿拉伯字母|Xudâ|t=[[上帝]]}}
====變格====
{{klj-infl-noun-sing|خُدایݧ|خُداقا|خُدانؽ|خُداچا|خُدادان|خُدالان|خُداوارا|خُداقَدَر}}
==拉科語==
===名詞===
{{head|lki|名詞}}
# [[上帝]],[[神]]
==波斯語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|fa|خدای|tr=xudāy||古舊}}
===詞源===
來自早期{{m|fa-cls|خدای|tr=xudāy}},來自{{inh|fa|pal|tr=hwtʾy|ts=xwadāy|gloss=領主}} ({{cog|xmn|𐫑𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫏|tr=xwadāy}}),具有宗教和世俗兩種涵義。在{{w|钵罗婆文字}}被渲染為表意文字{{m|pal|tr=MRA}} ({{noncog|arc|𐡌𐡍𐡀|ts=mara}},意思"領主"),源頭來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*hwatā́wā||領主,神}}。
與{{cog|ae|𐬓𐬀𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬀|t=自決}}、{{cog|xbc|χοαδηο|t=領主}}、{{cog|kmr|Xwedê}}、{{cog|ckb|خوا|sc=ku-Arab}}、{{cog|sa|स्वधा|tr=svádhā}}同源。也與{{m|fa|خود|tr=xod||自我}}、{{m|fa|خدیو|tr=xadiv||領主,主人}}、{{m|fa|خاتون|tr=xâtun||女士,女貴族}}相關。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|xudā}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|خدا|خدا|[[Худо]], [[худо]]}}
{{fa-noun|head=خُدا|tr=xodâ|pl=خدایان|pltr=xodâyân}}
# [[上帝]],[[神]]
# [[領主]]
# [[客戶]]
# [[首領]]
# [[主人]]
# [[所有人]]
====變格====
{{fa-pred-â|xodâ}}
====相關詞====
{{der2|fa
|خدابنده<tr:xodâbande>
|خداحافظ<tr:xodâhâfez>
|خداحافظی<tr:xodâhafezi>
|خداوند<tr:xodâvand>
|خدایی<tr:xodâyi>
|دهخدا<tr:dehxodâ>
|کدخدا<tr:kadxodâ>
}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tg|худо|Худо}}
* {{desc|az|xuda|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bft|ཁུ༹་དཱ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|хоҙай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|খোদা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|خدا|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|خۇدا}}
** {{desc|uz|xudo}}
* {{desc|zh|-|der=1}}
*: {{desc|dng|хўда|bor=1}}, {{l|dng|Хўда}}
*: {{desc|cmn|胡大|tr=Húdà|bor=1}} {{i|常用於蘭銀跟中原官話}}、{{l|cmn|胡達|tr=Húdá}} {{i|銀川、西寧、烏魯木齊、索庫盧克}}
* {{desc|crh|quday|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|ख़ुदा}}
** {{desc|rom|xulay|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ur|خدا|tr=xudā}}
* {{desc|xas|кхудай|bor=1}} {{qual|間接}}
* {{desc|kaa|quday|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|құдай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kjh|худай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|klj|Xudâ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|кудай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kum|худай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|خدا|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|hüda}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਖੁਦਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|خدا|tr=xudā|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|alt|кудай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cjs|қудай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|ходай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|hudaý|bor=1}}
====來源====
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie:1971|xwadāy|page=95}}
{{C|fa|宗教}}
==烏爾都語==
{{swp|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|خدا|tr=xudā}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|xudā}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-خدا.wav|Audio (PK)}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑː|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=خُدا}}
# [[上帝]]
#: {{ur-x|مخلوق میں خالق کا نظر آیا جس کو اس دیکھنے والے نے '''خدا''' کو دیکھا۔|tr=maxlūq mẽ xāliq kā nazar āyā jis ko us dekhne vāle ne '''xudā''' ko dekhā.|誰在被造物中見過造物主,誰就見過'''上帝'''。}}
# [[神]]
#: {{ur-x|تمہارا یہ پتھر کا '''خدا''' کیا کر سکتا ہے؟|tr=tumhārā ye paththar kā '''xudā''' kyā kar saktā hai?|你的石頭'''神'''可以幹嘛?}}
# [[領主]]
# [[主人]]
# {{lb|ur|figurative}} [[丈夫]]
====同義詞====
* {{sense|上帝}} {{l|ur|اللہ|tr=allā, allāh}}, {{l|ur|الٰہ|tr=ilāh}}
* {{l|ur|ایشور|tr=īśvar}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ur|خدا حافظ|tr=xudā hāfiz}}
===來源===
* {{R:ur:UDB|w=110333}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
{{C|ur|宗教}}
m08byg3j021vwy94malhdvq9huadiew
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|id=房子|:inh|pal:𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠<id:房子>|tree=1}}
{{inh+|fa|pal|𐭡𐭩𐭲𐭠|tr=xānag|sc=Phli}},來自{{inh|fa|peo|*vahanam}},來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*wāhana}},來自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*Hwah-}},來自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*Hwas-}}。
對照{{m|fa|کده|tr=kada}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|xā`na|teh=xū`na}}
* {{audio|fa|Fa-خانه.ogg|a=Iran}}
* {{rhymes|fa|e<aa:Iran>|a<aa:Dari,{{w|塔吉克語}}>}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|خانه|خانه|хона}}
{{fa-noun|tr=xâne|pl=خانهها|pltr=xâne-hâ}}
# [[家]]
====相關詞條====
{{der2|fa|آشپزخانه<tr:âšpaz-xâne>
|جندهخانه<tr:jende-xâne>
|چایخانه<tr:čây-xâne>
|خانهدار<tr:xâne-dâr>
|داروخانه<tr:dâru-xâne>
|دیوانخانه<tr:divân-xâne>
|رصدخانه<tr:rasad-xâne>
|زورخانه<tr:zur-xâne>
|سربازخانه<tr:sarbâz-xâne>
|سفرهخانه<tr:sofre-xâne>
|فراموشخانه<tr:farâmuš-xâne>
|قهوهخانه<tr:qahve-xâne>
|کتابخانه<tr:ketâb-xâne>
|گلخانه<tr:gol-xâne>
|میخانه<tr:mey-xâne>
|وزارتخانه<tr:vezârat-xâne>
|ضرابخانه<tr:zarrâb-xâne>
|یتیمخانه<tr:yatim-xâne>
|خانه داماد<tr:xâne-dâmâd>
|خمخانه<tr:xum-xâne>
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|prs|خَانَه}}
* {{desc|fa-ira|خَانِه|خونِه<l:Tehrani,colloquial>}}
* {{desc|tg|хона}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|-խանա}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|-xana}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|-хана|sc=Cyrl}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|-খানা}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|ख़ाना}}
*: {{desc|ur|خَانَہ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ხანა|-ხანა}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|-хана}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|-кана}}
* {{desctree|ota|خانه|tr=hane|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|ـخانه|tr=-hane|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|-hane}}
** {{desc|sh|-àna//-а̀на|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pa|-|tr=khanna}} {{m|pa|خانہ|tr=xāna, khāna}} / {{m|pa|ਖਾਨਾ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sd|خانو|tr=xāno}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|-xona}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|-خانا}}
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal|tr=hmsʾdk'|ts=hamsāyag|t=鄰居|sc=Phlv}},亦源自{{cog|xcl|համսայեակ}}。{{surface analysis|fa|هم|tr1=ham|t1=相同的|سایه|tr2=sâye|t2=影子}}。與{{cog|kmr|hevsî|t=鄰居}}同源。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|h|a|m|s|ā|y|a}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|همسایه|همسایه|ҳамсоя}}
{{fa-noun|tr=hamsâye|pl=همسایهها|pl2=همسایگان|pl2tr=hamsâyegân}}
# [[鄰居]]
#: {{uxi|fa|کشور همسایه ایران|tr=kešvar-e '''hamsâye'''-ye irân|t=伊朗的'''鄰'''國}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:hamsāyā
*: {{desc|hi|हमसाया|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|ur|ہمسایَہ}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਹਮਸਾਇਆ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ہَمسایَہ|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:xcl:HAB|համսայեակ|vol=III|page=28b}}
* {{R:pal:CPD|page=41}}
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{{also|شہر|سہر}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|id=城市|:inh|pal:𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩<id:城市>|tree=1}}
{{inh+|fa|pal|𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩|tr=štry|ts=šahr|sc=Phli}},源自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*kshatrám}},源{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*tek-||達到}}。與 {{cog|ps|ښار|tr=ẍâr}}同源。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|šahr}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|شهر|شهر|шаҳр}}
{{fa-noun|head=شَهر|tr=šahr|pl=شهرها}}
# [[城市]]
====相關詞條====
* {{FAchar|[[شهری]]}}
* {{FAchar|[[شهرستان]]}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|tg|шаҳр}}
* {{desc|az|şəhər|bor=1}}
* {{desc|as|চহৰ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|শহর|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|şeer|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dv|ޝަހަރު|ސަހަރު|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|શહેર|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|शहर|tr=śahr}}
*: {{desc|ur|شہر|tr=śahr, śahár, śehár}}
* {{desc|krc|шахар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|шаһар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kum|шагьар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|şar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|шаар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|शहर|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ne|सहर|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|شهر|tr=şehir|sc=ota-Arab|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ਹਿਰ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|شہر|tr=śahir|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ug|شەھەر|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|shahar|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{ar-noun of place}}來自動詞{{m|ar|سَجَدَ|t=跪拜}},來自詞根{{ar-root|س ج د}}。可能借用自地區性的{{bor|ar|arc|-}}宗教場所名稱,在{{w|納巴泰亞拉姆語}} {{m|arc|𐢓𐢖𐢄𐢅𐢀|tr=msgdʾ}}、{{cog|arc-imp|𐡌𐡎𐡂𐡃𐡀}}中,早在西元前5世紀就已被證實,這種強調狀態似乎是一些羅曼語系派生詞的基礎。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|مَسْجِد}}
** {{IPA|acw|[mas.d͡ʒɪd]|[mas.ʒɪd]|a=Hijazi}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|مَسْجِد|m|pl=مَسَاجِد}}
# {{lb|ar|Islam}} [[清真寺]]
#: {{uxi|ar|مَسْجِد جَامِع|t=大清真寺}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|مَسْجِد|pl=مَسَاجِد}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ar|الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام|t=禁寺}}
* {{l|ar|الْمَسْجِد الْأَقْصَى|t=阿克薩清真寺}}
* {{l|ar|الْمَسْجِدَان|t=(麥加和麥地那的)兩清真寺}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|afb|مسيد|tr=masyid}}
* {{desc|am|መስጊድ|bor=1}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|ckb|مزگەوت|alts=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|syc|ܡܣܓܕܐ|bor=1|tr=masgḏā}}
* {{desc|en|masjid|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|マスジド|bor=1}}
* {{desc|su|masigit|bor=1}}
* {{desc|jv|mesjid|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|mesjid|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nl|mesdjid|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kqr|mosigid|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|masjid|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|masjid}}
* {{desc|pal||tr=mzgt'|ts=mazgit|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fa-cls|مزگت|tr=mazgit}}
*** {{desc|alt|мечет|bor=1}}
*** {{desctree|xcl|մզկիթ|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|av|мажгит|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ba|мәсет|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ce|маьждиг|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|crh|mescit|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|dar|мижит|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ka|მეჩეთი|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|lbe|мизит|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|inh|маьждиг|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|kk|мешіт|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|nog|мешит|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|tt|мәчет|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|ru|мече́ть|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|lt|mečètė|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|uk|мече́ть|bor=1}}
****** {{desc|pl|meczet|bor=1}}
****** {{desc|yi|מעטשעט|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa-cls|مسجد|bor=1|tr=masjid}}
** {{desc|tg|масҷид}}
** {{desc|az|məscid|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bn|মসজিদ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gu|મસ્જિદ|મસીદ|મસીત|bor=1}}
** {{tooltip|borrowed|→}} 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|मस्जिद|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|ur|مسجد|bor=1|tr=masjid}}
** {{desc|kn|ಮಸೀದಿ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mag|𑂧𑂯𑂔𑂱𑂠|tr=mahjid|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mr|मस्जिद|मशीद}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ne|मस्जिद}}
** {{desc|new||alt=masjida}}
*: {{desc|new|मस्जिद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|new|𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐖𑐶𑐡|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|kmr|mescîd|mizgeft|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|lsd|מזגפת|tr=məzgaft(e)|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|ota|مسجد|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|inc-opa|مَسِیت|tr=masīti|bor=1}}
** {{desc|raj|मसीत|bor=1|alts=1|tr=masīt}}
** {{desc|ta|மஸ்ஜித்|bor=1}}
** {{desc|te|మస్జిద్|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tk|metjit|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uz|masjid|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|sw|msikiti|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|מִסְגָּד|clq=1|tr=misgā́d}}
* {{desc|pt|Magide|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|มัสยิด|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|la-med|meschita}}
* {{desc|grc|μασγίδιον}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|ar|جَامِع}}
===來源===
* {{R:CAL|msgd|N}}
* {{R:ar:Schwally-Lex.|page=134|part=1}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|سجد}}
{{C|ar|建築|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==漢志阿拉伯語==
{{acw-root|س ج د}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|acw|ar|مَسْجِد}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|acw|/mas.d͡ʒid/|[mas.d͡ʒɪd]}}
===名詞===
{{acw-noun|g=m|tr=masjid|pl=مَساجد|pltr=masājid}}
# [[清真寺]]
#: {{syn|acw|جامِع|tr=jāmiʕ|q=主持星期五禱告的清真寺;通常指大清真寺}}
==馬來語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ms|ar|مَسْجِد}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|/masd͡ʒet/|a=Johor-Selangor}}
* {{IPA|ms|/masd͡ʒɪt/|a=Riau-Lingga}}
* {{rhymes|ms|d͡ʒet|et}}
===名詞===
{{ms-noun|r=masjid}}
# [[清真寺]]
====同義詞====
* {{l|ms|جامع}} / {{l|ms|jamik}}
* {{l|ms|سوراو}} / {{l|ms|surau}} (小型,作用較小)
* {{l|ms|لڠݢر}} / {{l|ms|langgar}} (小型,作用較小)
{{c|ms|建築|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|مَسْجِد||清真寺}},地方名詞,源自動詞{{m|ar|سَجَدَ|t=跪拜}}。{{root|ota|ar|س ج د}}
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=mescid|定賓格|مسجدی|複數|مساجد|f1tr=mescidi|f2tr=mesâcid}}
# [[清真寺]]
#: {{syn|ota|جامع|tr=camiʼ}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|mescit}}
* {{desc|hu|mecset|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:OTK|mescit|vol=1|page=3161}}
* {{R:ota:Devellioğlu|mescid|page=747}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=1165}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1655|Templum}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|L|column=4643}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|mescit}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1851}}
{{c|ota|建築|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==波斯語==
{{swp|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|مَسْجِد}}。{{root|fa|ar|س ج د}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|mas`jid}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|مسجد|مسجد|масҷид}}
{{fa-noun|head=مَسجِد|tr=masjed|pl2=مسجدها|pl2tr=masjed-hâ|pl=مساجد|pltr=masâjed}}
# [[清真寺]]
{{c|fa|建築|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|س ج د}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|مَسْجِد}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|masjid<p:ˈmas.ʒɪd>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-مَسجِد.wav|音頻 (盧德)}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=masjid|pl=مساجد|pltr=masājid}}
# [[清真寺]]
#: {{syn|ajp|جامع|tr=jāmeʕ}}
{{c|ajp|建築|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==烏爾都語==
{{root|ur|ar|س ج د}}
{{swp|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|مسجد|tr=masjid}},來自{{der|ur|ar|مَسْجِد}},來自阿拉伯語詞根{{m|ar|س ج د||跪拜;鞠躬;彎曲;服從}}。{{root|ur|ar|س ج د}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|masjid}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-مسجد.wav|音頻 (PK)}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɪd̪|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|مَسْ|جِد}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=مَسْجِد|pl=مَساجِد}}
# [[清真寺]]
# {{lb|ur|延伸}} [[跪拜]]的[[宗教]][[場所]]
# {{lb|ur|Judaism|obsolete}} [[猶太教堂]]
#: {{syn|ur|کنیسہ|tr=kanīsa}}
#* {{quote-journal|ur|author=ur:شاہ ولی اللہ<t:Shah Wali-ul-llah>|title=ur:کراچی میں مقیم یہودیوں کی تاریخ<tr:karācī meṉ maqīm yahūdioṉ kī tārīx>|work=ur:روزنامہ جنگ<t:[[w:en:Daily Jang|Daily Jang]]>|passage=اس عبادت گاہ کو بنی اسرائیل '''مسجد''' بھی کہا جاتا تھا۔|translation=這座宗教建築過去也被稱作以色列之子'''猶太會堂'''。|transliteration=is ʻibādat gāh ko banī isrā'īl '''masjid''' bhī kahā jātā thā.|date=16 May 2019|location=w:Karachi|url=https://jang.com.pk/news/640024}}
====使用說明====
雖然{{lang|ur|مسجد}}通常指伊斯蘭教的禮拜場所 – 清真寺,但廣義上,也可用於其他禮拜場所,特別指需要跪拜的亞伯拉罕信仰。
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-f|مسجد|masjid}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:UDB|w=250438}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
{{C|ur|宗教場所}}
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{{also|إنسان|أنشأن|انشأن}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|إِنْسَان}}。
{{root|ota|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=insan}}
# [[人類]],[[人]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|insan}}
===來源===
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|insan}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=219}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|ar|إِنْسَان}}。
{{root|ps|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=insān|f=انسانه}}
# [[人類]],[[男人]]
# [[人]]
===來源===
* {{R:ps:Raverty}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|إِنْسَان}}。
{{root|fa|ar|ء ن س}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|in`sān}}
* {{rhymes|fa|ân|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|انسان|انسان|инсон}}
{{fa-noun|head=اِنسان|tr=ensân|pl=انسانها}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|انسانی|tr=ensâni}}
====派生詞====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|इंसान}}
*: {{desc|ur|انسان|tr=insān}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਇਨਸਾਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|انسان|tr=insān|sclang=1}}
==信德語==
{{swp|lang=sd}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|sd|ar|إِنْسَان}}。
{{root|sd|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{sd-noun|g=m|tr=insānu|اِنساَنُ|d=इन्सानु}}
# [[人類]]
#: {{syn|sd|بشر}}
{{C|sd|人}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|ar|إِنْسَان}}.
{{root|ur|ar|ء ن س}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|insān}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-انسان.wav|音頻 (PK)}}
* {{rhyme|ur|ɑːn|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=اِنْسان|hi=इन्सान,इंसान}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]]
#: {{syn|ur|مانو}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ur|انس}}
* {{l|ur|انسانی}}
* {{l|ur|انسانیت}}
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== 鄂圖曼土耳其語 ==
===詞源1===
{{der+|ota|fa|tr=piyâde|پیاده}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=piyade}}
# [[步兵]]
#* {{quote-journal|ota|date=1891 September 14|journal=Tarik|title=مدالیه|trans-title=Medal|passage=پیاده اوچنجی الایك دردنجی طابورینك برنجی بلوكنه منسوب رضا اونباشییه تخلیص جان خصوصندهكی خدمتنه مكافاة تخلیصیه مدالیهسی عنایت و احسان بیورلمشدر.|tr=Piyade uçuncu alayın dördüncü taburının birinci bölüğüne mensub Rıza onbaşıya tahlis-i can hususındaki hizmetine mükâfat tahlisiye madalyası inayet ve ihsan buyurılmıştır.}}
# [[行人]]
# {{lb|ota|chess}} [[兵]],[[卒]]
=====同義詞=====
* {{l|ota|یایا|tr=yaya}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|piyade}}
* {{desc|hy|փիյատե|փիյա̈դա̈|bor=1}}
====來源====
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|piyade}}
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse|piyade}}
===詞源2===
來自{{der|ota|vec|peata}},來自{{der|ota|grc|πλάτη|t=一種平板船}}。發音是上方詞彙的合併。
對照現代{{cog|it|chiatta}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=piyade}}
# [[划艇]],[[小船]]
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|fr|biadé|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|μπιαδές|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|biade|bor=1}}
====來源====
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse}}
* {{R:tr:LF|section=498}}
{{C|ota|船隻}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
{{fa-regional|پیاده|پیاده|пиёда}}
===詞源===
來自{{uder|fa|pal|sc=Latn|pdʾtk'|tr=payādag}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|piyāda}}
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-پیاده.wav|Audio}}
===副詞===
{{head|fa|副詞|tr=piyâde}}
# [[步行]]中,[[行進]]中
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=piyâde|pl=پیادهها|pltr=piyâde-hâ}}
# [[行人]]
# {{lb|fa|chess}} [[兵]],[[卒]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|fa|پیادهرو|tr=piyâde-row}}
* {{l|fa|پیادهنظام|tr=piyâde-nezâm}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|piyada|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|পিয়াদা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|piyade|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પ્યાદું|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|प्यादा}}
*: {{desc|ur|پیادہ}}, {{l|ur|پیادا}}
* {{desc|kn|ಪ್ಯಾದೆ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|प्यादे|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਪਿਆਦਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|پیادہ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ota|پیاده|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|piyade}}
===參見===
{{table:chess pieces/fa}}
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{{also|اللہ}}
{{character info/new|ﷲ}}
==阿拉伯語==
[[File:Allah-green.svg|thumb|100px|{{lang|ar|اللّٰه}}]]
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===詞源===
{{l|ar|إله|الْإِلَٰه|神}}的合音,源自{{l|ar|إلاه|الْإِلَاه|神}},源自{{compound|ar|الـ|إلاه|tr1=al-|t1=(定冠詞)|tr2=ʾilāh|t2=神}},源自詞根{{ar-root|ء ل ه}},源自{{der|ar|sem-pro|*ʾil-}}。對比{{cog|syc|ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ|tr=ʾalāhā}}, {{cog|arc|אֱלָהָא|tr=ʾĕlāhā}}, {{l|he|אֱלוֹהַּ}}/{{l|he|אֱלֹהַּ|tr=ʾĕlōah}}, {{cog|sem-srb|𐩱𐩡𐩠}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ar|/aɫˈɫaː(h)/}} {{i|分開讀}}
* {{ar-IPA|الله}}
* {{ar-IPA|اللهُ}} {{i|古典讀法}}
** {{audio|ar|Ar-Allah.oga}}分開時的讀法:
*: 埃及、黎凡特、蘇丹: {{IPA|ar|[ɑlˈlɑː]}}
*: 西亞、突尼斯: {{IPA|ar|[ɑɫˈɫɑː]}}
*: 阿拉伯半島(海灣除外): {{IPA|ar|[aɫˈɫaː]}}
*: 海灣地區: {{IPA|ar|[ˈɐɫɫɐ]}}
* (在 ''a'' 或 ''u''後): {{IPAchar|/ɫˈɫɑː/}}
*: 埃及、黎凡特、蘇丹: {{IPA|ar|[lˈlɑː]}}
*: 西亞、突尼斯: {{IPA|ar|[ɫˈɫɑː]}}
*: 海灣地區: {{IPA|ar|[ɫɫɐ]}}
* (在 ''i''後): {{IPAchar|/lˈlaːh/}}
*: 埃及、阿拉伯中部: {{IPA|ar|[lˈlæː]}}
*: 黎凡特、蘇丹、西阿拉伯: {{IPA|ar|[lˈlaː]}}
*: 突尼斯: {{IPA|ar|[lˈlɛːh]}}
===專有名詞===
{{ar-proper noun|اللّٰه|m}}
# [[神]];[[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|112|1-4}}
#*: {{ux|ar|قُلْ هُوَ ٱللّٰهُ أَحَدٌ ٱللّٰهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ |tr=qul huwa '''llāhu''' ʾaḥadun '''allāhu''' ṣ-ṣamadu lam yalid walam yūlad walam yakun lahū kufuwan ʾaḥadun |你說:他是'''真主''',是獨一的主; '''真主'''是萬物所仰賴的; 他沒有生產,也沒有被生產; 沒有任何物可以做他的匹敵。<small>(馬堅譯本)</small>}}
#* {{RQ:SVD|John|11|4}}:
#*: {{ux|ar|فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ يَسُوعُ قَالَ: هٰذَا الْمَرَضُ لَيْسَ لِلْمَوْتِ بَلْ لِأَجْلِ مَجْدِ اللّٰهِ لِيَتَمَجَّدَ ابْنُ اللّٰهِ بِهِ.|tr=fa-lammā samiʿa yasūʿu qāla: hāḏā l-maraḍu laysa li-l-mawti bal li-ʾajli majdi '''llāhi''' li-yatamajjada bnu '''llāhi''' bihi.|t=耶穌聽了就說:「這病不至於死,而是為了'''神'''的榮耀,好使'''神'''的兒子由此得榮耀。」<small>(現代中文譯本)</small>}}
====使用注意====
* 本詞事實上是中性、普遍的,可以代指所有的神,不只是伊斯蘭教中的。{{l|ar|الله}}是基督徒、猶太教徒和其他一神教教徒表達他們神祗時的用詞。
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|الله|omitarticle=yes|state=def}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|ar|اللَّٰهُمَّ|t=[[真主]]}}
* {{l|ar|اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ|t=真主偉大}}
* {{l|ar|بِسْمِ ٱللّٰهِ|tr=bi-smi llāhi|t=以主之名}}
** {{l|ar|بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ}}
* {{l|ar|إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللّٰهُ}}
* {{l|ar|سُبْحَانَ ٱللّٰهِ}}
* {{l|ar|أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللّٰهَ}}
* {{l|ar|ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ}}
* {{l|ar|آيَةُ الله|t=[[阿亞圖拉]]}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|afb|الله|tr=əɬɬə}}
* {{desc|apc|الله|tr=ʾAlla}}
* {{desc|jrb|אללה|tr=allāhu}}
* {{desc|mt|alla}}, {{l|mt|Alla}}
'''借詞:'''
{{der-top}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ady|Алахь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|af|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|Allah}}, {{l|sq|Allahu}}
* {{desc|bor=1|am|አላህ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|Ալլահ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|as|আল্লাহ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|av|Аллагь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|Алла}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|Алах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|আল্লাহ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|my|အလ္လာဟ်}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|Al·là}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ckb|ئەڵڵا|tr=elllla}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ce|Аллахӏ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zh|-}}
** {{desc|yue|安拉|tr=on{{sup|1}} laai{{sup|1}}}}, {{l|yue|阿拉|tr=aa{{sup|3}} laa{{sup|1}}}}
** {{desc|hak|阿拉|tr=â-lâ}}
** {{desc|cmn|安拉|tr=Ānlā}}, {{l|cmn|阿拉|tr=ālā}}
**: {{desc|dng|Анла}}, {{l|dng|Анлахў}}
** {{desc|nan|阿拉|tr=a-lá}}
** {{desc|wuu|阿拉|tr=aq la, aq laq}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|Alla}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|Alláh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|dv|އައްލާހު}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|Alá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ალაჰი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nds-de|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|Αλλάχ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gu|અલ્લાહ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ha|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|אללה|tr=allá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hi|अल्लाह}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|id|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|アッラーフ|tr=Arrāfu}}
* {{desc|bor=1|jv|ꦄꦭ꧀ꦭꦃ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kn|ಅಲ್ಲಾಹ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|Аллаһ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|km|អាឡា}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ko|알라}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kum|Аллагь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|Алла}}, {{l|ky|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lo|ອັນເລາະ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|Allāhs}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lez|Аллагь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|Alachas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|Алах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ml|അല്ലാഹു}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mr|अल्लाह}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mn|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|Ellah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|or|ଅଲ୍ଲାହ}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|الله|tr=Allâh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|الله|tr=əllɑ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|الله|tr=allâh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|Allah}}, {{l|pl|Allach}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|Alá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pa|ਅੱਲਾਹ}}, {{l|pa|اﷲ|tr=allāh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sa|अल्लाह्}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Аллах|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Allah|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|si|අල්ලාහ්}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|Alah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|Alah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|so|Allaah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|Alá}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tg|Оллоҳ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ta|அல்லா}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|te|అల్లాహ్}}
* {{desc|bor=1|th|อัลลอฮ์}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bo|ཨ་ལ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ti|አላህ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|Аллах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ur|اللہ|tr=allāh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|ئاللاھ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|Alloh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vi|A-la}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sah|Аллаах}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|אַלאַ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yo|Allah}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zza|Allah}}, {{l|zza|Alla}}
{{der-bottom}}
====參見====
* {{l|ar|أَلَّهَ|t=[[崇拜]]}}
* {{l|ar|إلٰه|t=[[神]],[[神祗]]}}
* {{l|ar|الرَّبّ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Jeffery-Foreign|page=66|entry=اَللّٰه}}
* {{cite-journal|last=Nehmé|first=Laïla|authorlink=Laïla Nehmé|title=New dated inscriptions (Nabataean and pre-Islamic Arabic) from a site near al-Jawf, ancient Dūmah, Saudi Arabia|journal=Arabian Epigraphic Notes|volume=3|year=2017|pages=121–164|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/54231}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|ءله}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|ar|هلال}}
{{分類|阿拉伯語 宗教}}{{分類|阿拉伯語 伊斯蘭教}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
{{fa-regional|الله|الله|Оллоҳ}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|اَللّٰه}};最終來源為{{der|fa|sem-pro|*ʾil-}}。
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=allâh}}
# [[神]];[[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
====參見====
* {{l|fa|خدا|tr=xodâ}}
{{分類|波斯語 宗教}}{{分類|波斯語 伊斯蘭教}}
==馬來語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|ms|Allah}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ms|ar|اللّٰه}};最終源自{{der|ms|sem-pro|*ʾil-}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|/allah/|[allah]|[ɔllɔh]}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|ms|專有名詞|tr==[[Allah]]}}
# [[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
====參見====
* {{l|ms|Tuhan}} / {{l|ms|توهن}}
==北黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|apc|ar|الله}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|apc|/ˈʔɑlˤlˤɑ/}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|apc|專有名詞|g=m|tr=ʾAlla}}
# [[神]];[[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
#: {{ux|apc|هوه ملحد، ما بيآمن بشي اسمو الله|tr=Huwi mulḥid, ma biʾāmin bi-ši ismu '''Alla'''.|t=他是個無神論者,不相信'''真主'''之類的存在。}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ota|ar|اللّٰه}};最終源自{{der|ota|sem-pro|*ʾil-}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=Allâh}}
# [[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|Allah}}
====參見====
* {{l|ota|تڭری|tr=tañrı}}
[[Category:鄂圖曼土耳其語 宗教]]
==普什圖語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ps}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ps|ar|اللّٰه}};最終源自{{der|ps|sem-pro|*ʾil-}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|ps|專有名詞|tr=əllɑ}}
# [[真主]],[[安拉]]/[[阿拉]]
====參見====
* {{l|ps|خدای}}
[[Category:普什圖語 伊斯蘭教]]
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[[Image:Turquoise.pebble.700pix.jpg|thumb|right|<div style="text-align: right;">{{FAchar|فیروزه}}</div>]]
{{also|فیروزہ}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===名詞===
{{head|az|名詞}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|firuzə}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
[[File:Persian Turquoise.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|{{lang|fa|فیروزه}}]]
===其他形式===
* {{alt|fa|پیروزه|tr=pērōza||古舊}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|fa-cls:پیروزَه<id:綠松石>|id=綠松石}}
早期{{m+|fa-cls|پیروزه|tr=pērōza}}的阿拉伯化發音,源自{{der|fa|pal|*pērōzag|sc=Latn}},源自 {{m|pal|𐭯𐭩𐭫𐭥𐭰|tr=pērōz|t=勝利的}}。亦留意從中古伊朗語借出的{{cog|arc|פרוזג|tr=pīrūzag}}、{{cog|syc|ܦܝܪܘܙܓ|tr=pīrūzag}}、{{cog|ar|فِيرُوزَج}}、{{m|ar|فَيْرُوزَج}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|fīrōza|dari=fīrōza,fērōza|cls=pērōza,fērōza,fīrōza}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|فیروزه|فیروزه|фирӯза}}
{{fa-noun|tr=firuze|tr2=fêrôza|head=فیروزِه|head2=فیروزَه|pl=فیروزهها}}
# [[綠松石]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|فیروزهای|tr=firuze-'i}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ar|فَيْرُوز|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|firuzə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|фирүзә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|біруза́|bor=1|qq=經由突厥語系}}
* {{desc|bn|ফিরোজা|bor=1|tr=firoza}}
* {{desc|bn|ফেরোজ|bor=1|tr=feroz}}
* {{desc|chg|فیروزه|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uz|feruza|alts=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ფირუზი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પીરોજ|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|फ़ीरोज़ा}}
*: {{desc|ur|فِیروزَہ|tr=fīroza, fīrūza}}
* {{desc|id|bor=1|pirus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|փերուզայ|փերուժա|փիրուզա}}
** {{desc|hy|փիրուզ|alts=1}}
* {{desc|omr|पेरुज|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ota|پیروزه|tr=piruze|فیروزه|tr2=firuze}}
** {{desc|tr|firuze}}
** {{desc|el|περουζές|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|peruzea|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|فِیروزَہ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pa|ਫ਼ੀਰੋਜ਼ਾ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ru|бирюза́|bor=1|qq=經由突厥語系}}
* {{desc|sw|feruzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|фирүзә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|firuza|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|бірюза́|bor=1|qq=經由突厥語系}}
===專有名詞===
{{fa-regional|فیروزه|فیروزه|Фирӯза}}
{{fa-proper noun|tr=firuze}}
# {{given name|fa|女性|xlit4=[[Firouzeh]]|xlit2=[[Firoozeh]]|xlit=[[Firuzeh]]|xlit3=[[Feroza]]|xlit5=[[Firoza]]}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:xcl:HAB|փերուզակ|vol=IV|page=500a}}
* {{R:syc:Ciancaglini|page=233|url=https://sedra.bethmardutho.org/lexeme/get/21610}}
* {{R:fa:Horn|section=354|pages=78–79}}
* {{R:Lokotsch|page=49}}
{{C|fa|寶石}}
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{{also|عيد}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|id=節日|:bor|ar:عِيد<id:節日>}}
{{bor+|fa|ar|عِيد}}。
{{root|fa|ar|ع ي د}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|'īd|ir='īd,'ayd}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=eyd, id|pl=عیدها|pltr=eyd-hâ, id-hâ|pl2=اعیاد|pl2tr=a'yâd}}
# [[節日]]
# [[假日]]
# [[開齋節]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|عِیْدِ پاک|tr='eyd-e pâk}}
* {{l|fa|عِیْدِ فِطْر|tr='eyd-e fitr}}
* {{l|fa|عِیْدِ نُوروز|tr='eyd-e nowruz}}
* {{l|fa|عِیْد مُبارَک|tr='eyd mobârak}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|as|ঈদ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|ঈদ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bho|-|bor=1}} īd
*: {{desc|bho|ईद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|bho|𑂆𑂠|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bns|ईद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hne|ईद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dv|އީދު|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gju|عِید|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ઈદ|tr={{xlit|gu|ઈદ્}}|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desctree|hi|ईद}}
*: {{desc|ur|عِید}}
* {{desc|kfr|-|bor=1}} īdh
*: {{desc|kfr|ઈધ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kfr|𑈂𑈗|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kfr|𑊳𑋐|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bjj|ईद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಈದ್|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ks|عیٖد|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kok|-|bor=1}} īd
*: {{desc|kok|ईद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|ಈದ್|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kfy|ईद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mai|-|bor=1}} īd
*: {{desc|mai|ईद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒄𑒠|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mup|ईद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|-|bor=1}} īd
*: {{desc|mr|ईद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|𑘃𑘟|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଇଦ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਈਦ|tr={{xlit|pa|ਈਦ੍}}|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|عِید|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|skr|عِید|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|عِيدَ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|ईद|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑈂𑈝|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑊳𑋏|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|te|ఈద్|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vah|-|bor=1}} īd
*: {{desc|vah|ईद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|vah|𑘃𑘟|tr=-|sclang=1}}{{bottom}}
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== 普什圖語 ==
===發音===
* {{IPA|ps|/mraɣ/}}
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=mrağ}}
# [[健美]]運動所使用的[[體重]]量級
# 重量剛好可以使單人舉起來的大[[石頭]],用於比賽或練習時
====變格====
{{ps-noun-m-inanimate|مرغ|mrağ}}
====來源====
* {{R:ps:Raverty}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170704182357/http://www.qamosona.com/G/index.php/term/,6f57ae9b61545aaf9b9ea5aeb15b5db1.xhtml Pashto English Dictionary]
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
來自{{uder|fa|ira-mid}} {{m|und|*murγ||鳥}}來自{{der|fa|ira-pro|*mr̥gáh|t=鳥}}。對照{{cog|pal|tr=mwlw'|ts=murw}}、{{cog|xpr|sc=Mani|tr=mwrg|ts=murγ}}、{{cog|ae|𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀}}、{{cog|ps|مرغه|tr=mërğë}}、{{cog|os|маргъ}}、{{cog|bal|مرگ|tr=murg}}、{{cog|xcl|սիրամարգ}}、{{m|xcl|լորամարգ}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|murğ}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|مرغ|مرغ|мурғ}}
{{fa-noun|tr=morğ|pl=مرغها|pl2=مرغان}}
# {{lb|fa|archaic}} [[鳥]]
# [[母雞]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|fa|مرغابی|tr=morğâbi}}
* {{l|fa|تخم مرغ|tr=toxm-e morğ}}
* {{l|fa|مرغ مگسخوار|tr=morğ-e magas-xâr}}
* {{l|fa|شترمرغ|tr=šotormorğ}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|سیمرغ|tr=simorğ}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|ota|مرغ|tr=mürg|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|murg}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਮੁਰਗ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مرغ|tr=murġ|sclang=1}}
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{{also|أدم|اَدَم}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ar|ءَادَم||前古典時期寫法}}
===詞源1===
{{ar-rootbox|ء د م}}宗教方面的義項{{bor+|ar|he|אָדָם|tr=āḏā́m|t=人;男人}},外來詞形類似{{m|ar|عَالَم|t=世界}}。
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|آدَم}}
* {{audio|ar|LL-Q13955 (ara)-Fenakhay-آدم.wav}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|آدَم|m|pl=آدَم|pl2=آدَمُون|pl3=أَوَادِم}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]]
# [[男人]]
# {{lb|ar|複數,集合}} 全[[人類]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|آدَم|pl=آدَم|pl2=آدَمُون|pl3=أَوَادِم}}
====專有名詞====
{{ar-proper noun|آدَم|m|pl=+,أَوَادِم}}
# {{lb|ar|宗教}} [[亞當]]
# {{given name|ar|男性|xlit=Adam}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|آدَمُ|state=ind-def}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|adam|Adəm}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|әҙәм|Әҙәм}}
* {{desctree|fa-cls|آدَم|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|آدم|tr=adem, adam|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|Âdem|adam}}
* {{desc|rhg|bor=1|Adom}}
{{bottom}}
====參見====
{{list:Islamic prophets/ar}}
===詞源2===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ء د م}}的顏色形容詞。
====形容詞====
{{ar-adj|آدَم|f=أَدْمَاء|cpl=أُدْم|pl=أُدْمَان|fd=أَدْمَاوَانِ}}
# [[混合]]顏色的,非[[純色]]的(尤指混合了黑色或白色的)
# [[黄褐]]色,[[暗褐]]色,[[褐色]],[[红色]],[[棕褐]]色,[[尘土]]色,尤其适用于[[骆驼]],[[瞪羚]]和[[人类]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-adj|آدَم|m|f=أَدْمَاء|cpl=أُدْم|pl=أُدْمَان|fd=أَدْمَاوَانِ}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
* {{R:ar:Jeffery-Foreign|pages=50–51}}
==察合臺語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|chg|ar|آدَم}}。
===名詞===
{{head|chg|名詞|複數|آدملار|tr=ādam}}
# [[人]],[[男人]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|chg|كشى}}
* {{l|chg|اير}}
==蒙賈尼語==
===名詞===
{{head|mnj|名詞|g=|tr=ādam}}
# [[長者]],[[老人]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-oat|آدم|tr=âdem}},源自{{der|ota|ar|آدَم}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=âdem, adam}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]]
# [[男人]]
===專有名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=Âdem}}
# {{lb|ota|宗教}} [[亞當]]
# {{given name|ota|男性|from=阿拉伯語}}:[[Adem]], [[Adam]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|adam|Âdem}}
{{C|ota|伊斯蘭教}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|آدَم}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|ā`dam}}
* {{audio|fa|Fa-آدم.ogg|a=Iran}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|آدم|آدم|одам}}
{{fa-noun|tr=âdam|pl=آدمها|pltr=âdam-hâ}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]]
# [[男人]]
# [[傢伙]];[[小子]]
# 在特定事项上能满足某人要求的人,通常為男性
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fa|آدمی|tr=âdami}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tg|одам}}
* {{desc|bn|আদম|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|chg|آدم|tr=ādam}}
** {{desc|ug|ئادەم}}
** {{desc|uz|odam}}
* {{desc|gu|આદમ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|आदम|tr=ādam}}
*: {{desc|ur|آدم|tr=ādam}}
* {{desc|kk|bor=1|адам}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਆਦਮ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|آدم|tr=ādam|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|syl|ꠀꠖꠝ}}
===專有名詞===
{{fa-regional|آدم|آدم|Одам}}
{{fa-proper noun|tr=âdam}}
# {{lb|fa|宗教}} [[亞當]]
# {{given name|fa|男性|xlit=[[Adam]]|from=}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fa|آدام|tr=âdâm}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
最终源自{{der|ur|ar|آدَم}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|ādam}}
* {{rhyme|ur|əm|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=ādam|hi=आदम}}
# [[男人]]
===專有名詞===
{{ur-proper noun|m|tr=ādam|hi=आदम}}
# {{lb|ur|宗教}} [[亞當]]
# {{given name|ur|男性|xlit=Adam}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ur|آدمی|tr=ādamī}}
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|fa|گل|دان|tr1=gol|tr2=dân|t1=花|t2=容器}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|gul`dān}}
* {{audio|fa|Fa-گلدان.ogg|音頻 (伊朗)}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|گلدان|گلدان|гулдон}}
{{fa-noun|tr=goldân|pl=گلدانها|pltr=goldân-hâ}}
# [[花瓶]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|güldan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ગુલદાન|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਗੁਲਦਾਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|گلدان|tr=guldān|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ur|گل دان|tr=gul-dān|bor=1}}
{{c|fa|容器}}
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{{also|كلاب}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|گلاو|tr1=golâv||口語}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|:af|fa-cls:گُل<id:玫瑰>|fa-cls:آب<id:水>|id=玫瑰水}}
源自 {{compound|fa|گل|tr1=gol|t1=玫瑰|آب|tr2=âb|t2=水}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|gu`lāb}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|گلاب|گلاب|гулоб}}
{{fa-noun|tr=golâb}}
# [[玫瑰水]]
#* {{quote-book|fa
|title=fa:دیوان حافظ
|trans-title={{w|lang=en|The Divān of Hafez|哈菲兹诗集}}
|author={{w|哈菲茲|Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ}}
|year=c. 1390
|url=https://ganjoor.net/hafez/ghazal/sh421
|chapter=Ghazal 421
|text=عروس بخت در آن حجله با هزاران ناز<br>شکسته کسمه و بر برگ گل '''گلاب''' زده
|tr={{xlit|fa-cls|عَرُوسِ بَخْت دَر آن حَجْلَه بَا هَزَارَان نَاز<br>شِکَسْتَه کَسْمَه و بَر بَرْگِ گُل '''گُلَاب''' زَدَه}}
|t=新娘在那洞房裡,百般嬌媚,<br/>把捲髮散落到臉上 [臉紅的比喻],把玫瑰香水灑在玫瑰花瓣上 [精緻臉龐的比喻]。
|footer=(古典波斯語音譯)
}}
# {{lb|fa|Dari}} 一種[[玫瑰]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desctree|ar|جُلَاب|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|gülab|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ગુલાબ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|गुलाब}}
*: {{desc|ur|گُلاب}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਗੁਲਾਬ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|گلاب|tr=gulāb|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ru|гуля́фная вода́|гуля́ф|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|กุหลาบ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|gulob|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{C|fa|薔薇屬植物|飲料}}
==信德語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sd|fa-cls|گُلَاب}}。
===名詞===
{{head|sd|名詞|g=m|tr=gulāb|天城文|गुलाबु
}}
# [[玫瑰]]
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|گُلَاب}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|gulāb}}
* {{rhyme|ur|ɑːb|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=gulāb|hi=गुलाब}}
# [[玫瑰水]]
# [[玫瑰]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ur|گلابی|tr=gulābī}}
{{c|ur|花|飲料}}
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{{also|پیار|تیار|پيار|بئار}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|ira-pro|-}};對比{{cog|sog|tr=pyʾk|ts=piyāk|t=洋蔥}}、{{cog|kho|pau|t=洋蔥}}。可能最終源自{{der|fa|ine-pro|*peyḱ-}};對比{{cog|grc|πικρός|t=苦的}}。<ref>{{R:kho:Bailey}}</ref>
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|piˈyāz}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|پیاز|پیاز|пиёз}}
{{fa-noun|tr=piyâz|pl=پیازها}}
# [[洋蔥]]
#: {{syn|fa|سوخ<tr:sux><q:古舊>}}
# [[鱗莖]]
#: {{syn|fa|سوخ<tr:sux>}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|fa
|پیازچه<tr:piyâzče>
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|পিয়াঁজ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|পেঁয়াজ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પ્યાજ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|प्याज़}}
*: {{desc|ur|پیاز}}
* {{desc|kk|пияз|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|пияз|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mai|पेआजु|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mag|𑂣𑂵𑂄𑂔𑂳|tr=peāju|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਪਿਆਜ਼|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|پیاز|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ug|پىياز|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|piyoz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zh|皮芽子|皮牙子|tr2=píyázi|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{C|fa|蔬菜}}
==西南法爾斯語==
===名詞===
{{fay-noun|tr=piyâz}}
# {{lb|fay|Masarm|Deh Sarv}} [[洋蔥]]
===參見===
* {{l|fay|پیا|tr=piyâ}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|پیاز|tr=piyāz}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|piyāz}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=piyāz|hi=पियाज़}}
# [[洋蔥]]
# [[韭蔥]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-m|پیاز|piyāz}}
{{C|ur|蔬菜}}
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{{also|جيب}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|جیب|tr=jeyb|t=口袋}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=ceb, cep}}
# [[口袋]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|cep}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|xhep}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|джоб}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|τσέπη}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|zseb}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|џеб}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|ճէպ}}
** {{desc|hy|ջեբ|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|џе̏п|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|džȅp|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|žep}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|جَيْب|t=口袋}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|j|ē|b}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=jib}}
# {{lb|fa|古舊}} [[衣领]]
# [[口袋]]
# {{lb|fa|trigonometry|mathematics|古舊}} [[正弦]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|cib|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|জেব|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ჯიბე|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦语:
*: {{desc|hi|जेब}}
*: {{desc|ur|جیب|tr=jaib, jeb}}
* {{desctree|ota|جیب|tr=ceb, cep|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਜੇਬ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جیب|tr=jeb|sclang=1}}
==旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|pa|fa|جیب|t=口袋}},源自{{bor|pa|ar|جَيْب}}。
===名詞===
{{pa-noun|f|gur=ਜੇਬ}}
# [[口袋]]
====變格====
{{rfinfl|pa|名詞}}
==托瓦利語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|trw|sa|जिह्वा||舌}},{{inh+|trw|iir-pro|*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH}},{{inh+|trw|ine-pro|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s||舌}}。與{{cog|kls|ǰhip}}、{{cog|hi|जीभ}}、{{cog|fa|زبان|tr=zabân}}、{{cog|fr|langue}}、{{cog|de|Zunge}}同源。
===名詞===
{{head|trw|名詞|tr=ǰīb|g=f}}
# [[舌]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|jihvāˊ|5228}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|جیب|tr=jeyb|t=口袋}},源自{{bor|ur|ar|جَيْب|t=口袋}}。
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f}}
# [[口袋]]
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{{also|وزير}}
== 鄂圖曼土耳其語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ota|ar|وَزِير}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|head='''وزیر'''|sc=ota-Arab|tr=vezir|g=m}},'''{{l|ota|وزیرلر}}''' (vezirler) {{g|p}}
# [[部長]]
# [[大臣]]
# [[助理]],[[助手]]
# {{lb|ota|chess}} [[皇后]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|vezir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|везир}}
* {{desc|ca|visir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|frm|visir|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|vizir|visir}}
** {{desc|nl|vizier|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|en|vizier}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Wesir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|visir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|la|vezirus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|viziris}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|wezyr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|vizir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|vizir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|визирь}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|везир|vezir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|visir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|vesir}}
====參見====
羅馬字母拼寫:{{l|tr|vezir}}
==波斯語==
{{swp|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|وَزِير|g=m}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|w|a|z|ī|r}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|وزیر|وزیر|вазир}}
{{fa-noun|tr=vazir|pl=وزرا|pltr=vozarâ|pl2=وزیران|pl2tr=vazirân}}
# [[部長]]
# [[大臣]]
# {{lb|fa|chess}} [[皇后]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|وزارت}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top}}
派生至{{nc|fa-cls|وَزٖیر|tr=vazīr}}:
* {{desc|chg|وزیر|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|-}}
**: {{desc|ug|ۋەزىر|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ug|вәзир|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|uz|-}}
**: {{desc|uz|вазир|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|uz|vazir|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|уәзір|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|ٴۋازىر|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ota|وزیر|tr=vazīr|ts=väzir|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|vezir}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參見===
{{table:chess pieces/fa}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ur|fa|وزیر|tr=vazir}},來自{{der|ur|ar|وَزِير}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|vazīr}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=وَزِیر|hi=वज़ीर|pl=وُزَرا,وَزِیران}} — 複數 {{l|ur|وزرا|tr=vuzarā}}、{{l|ur|وزیران|tr=vazīrān}}、{{l|ur|وزیرے|tr=vazire}}
# [[部長]]
# [[大臣]]
# {{lb|ur|chess}} [[皇后]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-m|1=وزیر|2=vazīr}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ur|وزارت|tr=vizārat}}
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==俾路支語==
===形容詞===
{{head|bal|形容詞|tr=sangín}}
# [[重]]的
===參見===
* {{l|bal|گراں|tr=gerá̃}}
* {{l|bal|گران|tr=girán}}
==波斯語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|fa|سگین|tr1=segin||罕用|棄用}}
===詞源===
{{af|fa|سنگ|tr1=sang|t1=石頭|ـین|tr2=-in}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|san`gīn}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-regional|سنگین|سنگین|сангин}}
{{fa-adj|tr=sangin|c=+}}
# [[重]]的
#: {{syn|fa|گران|tr=gerân|q=古舊}}
#: {{ux|fa|آن جعبه سنگینتر از آن است که فکر میکرد|tr=ân ja'be '''sangin-tar''' az ân ast ke fekr mi-kard.|t=那個箱子比他/她想的要重。}}
# [[負擔]]的,[[沉重]]的,[[困難]]的
#: {{syn|fa|سخت|tr=saxt}}
#: {{ant|fa|آسان|tr=âsân}}
# [[嚴肅]]的,[[莊重]]的,[[認真]]的
# [[冷漠]]的
====衍生詞====
{{der2|fa
|{{l|fa|سنگینی|tr=sangini|t=沉重}}
|{{l|fa|آب سنگین|tr=âb-e sangin|t=重水}}
}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|az|səngin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bal|سنگین|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|संगीन}}
*: {{desc|ur|سنگین}}
* {{desc|trk-oat|bor=1}}
** {{desc|az|zəngin}}
** {{desctree|ota|زنگین|tr=zengin}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਸੰਗੀਨ}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|سنگین|tr=saṅgīn}}
{{desc-bottom}}
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{{also|شاعت}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
來自{{bor|fa|ar|سَاعَة}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|sā'at}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=sâ'at|pl=ساعتها|pl2=ساعات|pl2tr=sâ'ât}}
# [[小時]]
#: {{lang|fa|[[ساعت چند است|ساعت چند است؟]]}}
#:: Sâ'at čand ast? <small>(書面語)</small>
#: {{lang|fa|[[ساعت چنده|ساعت چنده؟]]}}
#:: Sâ'at čand-e? <small>(口語)</small>
#::: 現在幾點?
#: {{lang|fa|ساعت یک است.}}
#:: Sâ'at yek ast. <small>(書面語)</small>
#: {{lang|fa|ساعت یکه.}}
#:: Sâ'at yek-e. <small>(口語)</small>
#::: 現在一點了。
#: {{ux|fa|چه ساعتی شام بخوریم؟|tr=Če sâ'at-i šâm boxorim?|你想要(我們)幾點吃晚餐?}}
#: {{ux|fa|ساعت هشت شام بخوریم.|tr=Sâ'at-e hašt šâm boxorim.|我想要(我們)在八點鐘吃晚餐。}}
# [[錶]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|fa|تَسو}}
{{C|fa|時間}}
==馬來語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|ms|saat}}
===詞源===
源自{{etyl|ar|ms}} {{l|ar|سَاعَة}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|[sa(ʔ)at]}}
* {{rhymes|ms|aʔat|ʔat|at}}
===名詞===
{{head|ms|名詞|tr=[[saat]]|複數|ساعت٢}}
# [[秒]]{{gloss|時間單位}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|ms|detik}} / {{l|ms|دتيق|sc=Arab}}
{{C|ms|時間}}
==奧斯曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|ساعت|tr=sâ'at}} ← {{der|ota|ar|سَاعَة}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=saat}}
# [[小時]]
# [[錶]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|aii|ܣܵܥܲܬ}}
* {{desc|tr|saat}}
* {{desc|lzz|საატი|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|са̑т|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sȃt|sclang=1}}
{{C|ota|時間}}
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دروازه
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==波斯語==
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|darvāza}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|دروازهٔ کلان|دروازه|дарвоза|gate}}
{{fa-regional|دروازه|در|дар|door}}
{{fa-noun|tr=darvâze|pl=دروازهها|pltr=darvâze-hâ}}
# {{lb|fa|chiefly|Iran}} [[大門]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|as|দৰ্জা|bor=on}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|դարվազ|դարվազա}}
* {{desc|az|darvaza|bor=on}}
* {{desc|bn|দরওয়াজা|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bn|দরজা|der=1}}
* {{desc|chg|داروازە|bor=on}}
** {{desc|uz|darvoza}}
** {{desc|ug|دەرۋازا}}
* {{desc|gu|દરવાજો|bor=on}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|दरवाज़ा}}
*: {{desctree|ur|دَرْوَازَہ|tr=darvāzā}}
* {{desc|ks|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|دَروازٕ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|दरवाज़ॖ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kk|дарбаза|bor=on}}
* {{desc|mr|दरवाजा|tr=darvāj̈ā|bor=on}}
* {{desc|ps|دروازه|tr=darwāzə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਦਰਵਾਜ਼ਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|دَرْوازہ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|دروازو|tr=darwāzō|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|दरवाज़ो|tr=darwāzō|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tk|derweze|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
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ایمان
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{{also|إيمان|أيمان}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{root|fa|ar|ء م ن}}
來自{{bor|fa|ar|إِيمَان||[[信仰]]}},{{l|ar|آمَنَ||[[相信]]}}的動名詞。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fa|[iːˈmɒn̪]}}
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-ایمان.wav|音頻}}
* {{rhymes|fa|ân|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|ایمان|ایمان|имон}}
{{fa-noun|tr=imân}}
# [[信仰]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|ایماندار|tr=imân-dâr}}
* {{l|fa|ایمانداری|tr=imân-dâri}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|fa|專有名詞|tr=imân}}
# {{given name|fa|male|xlit=[[Iman]]|from=阿拉伯語}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|as|ঈমান|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|ইমান|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ઈમાન|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-ohi|इमांन|tr=imā̃n|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mai||alt=imān|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|इमान|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒃𑒧𑒰𑒢|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ml|ഈമാൻ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|इमान|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mwr|इमान|ईमांन}}
* {{desc|ne|इमान|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଇମାନ|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-opa|ਈਮਾਨੁ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rhg|iman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|ايِمان|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|ईमानु|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ta|ஈமான்|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|ء م ن}}
源自{{der|ur|ar|ايمان|إِيمَان}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|īmān}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=اِیمان}}
# [[信仰]]
# [[信念]]
# [[良心]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-m|اِیمَان|īmān}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|ur|ایماندار|tr=īmāndār|t=誠實的}}
* {{l|ur|ایمانداری|tr=īmāndārī|t=誠實}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts|ايمان|115}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi|ايمان|88}}
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دنیا
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{{also|دنيا}}
==中庫爾德語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ckb|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===名詞===
{{ckb-noun}}
# [[世界]]
#: {{syn|ckb|جیھان}}
==拉科語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|lki|ar|دُنْيَا|}}。
===名詞===
{{head|lki|名詞}}
# [[世界]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ota|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=dünyâ}}
# [[世界]]
# [[王國]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|dünya}}
* {{desc|sq|dynja|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|дюня́|bor=1}}, {{l|bg|дуня́}}
* {{desc|el|ντουνιάς|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|дуња|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ду̏ња|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|dȕnja|sclang=1}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===發音===
{{fa-regional|دنیا|دنیا|дунё}}
{{fa-IPA/old|d|u|n|y|ā}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=donyâ}}
# [[世界]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|دنیوی|tr=donyavi}}
==旁遮普語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|pa|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===名詞===
{{pa-noun|f|tr=dunīā|gur=ਦੁਨੀਆ|head=دُنیا}}
# [[世界]]
#* ''{{w|Guru Granth Sahib}}'', ''{{w|Kabir}}, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 717'':
#*:{{quote|pa|ایہہ جو '''دنیا''' سحر میلہ دستگیری ناہے|tr=eh jo '''dunīā''' sahar melā dastgīrī nāhe|這個'''世界'''只是一場魔術表演;沒有人會牽著你的手。}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ur|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=دُنْیا|hi=दुनिया}}
# [[世界]]
# [[王國]]
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{{also|مشكل}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{root|fa|ar|ش ك ل}}
{{bor+|fa|ar|مُشْكِل}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fa|[moʃˈkʲel]|a=IR}}
* {{IPA|fa|/muʃˈkil/|a=Dari}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-adj|tr=moškel|c=+}}
# [[困難]]的
# [[問題]]的
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|مشکل|مشکل|мушкил}}
{{fa-noun|tr=moškel|pl=مشکلها|pl2=مشکلات}}
# [[問題]]
# [[困難]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|fa|مشکل کردن|tr=moškel kardan}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|as|মস্কিল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|মুশকিল|মুসকিল}}
* {{desc|gu|મુશ્કેલ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:muśkil
*: {{desc|hi|मुश्किल|tr=-}}
*: {{desctree|ur|مُشْکِل}}
* {{desc|mai||alt=maskil|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|मसकिल|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒧𑒮𑒏𑒱𑒪|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mr|मुश्कील|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|मुश्किल|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-opa|ਮੁਸਕਲੁ|tr=musakalu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|مُشْڪِلُ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|मुश्किलु|sclang=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|ش ك ل}}
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|مشکل|tr=muškil}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|muśkil}}
===形容詞===
{{ur-adj|head=مُشْکِل}}
# [[困難]]的
# [[問題]]的
# [[堅固]]的
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=مُشْکِل|pl=مُشْکِلات}}
# [[困難]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|phl|-|bor=1}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{l|phl|muškíl}}
*: 波斯-阿拉伯字母:{{l|phl|مُشکِل}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts||1040}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi||590}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
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{{see also|شاھزادە|شاہزادہ}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===名詞===
{{head|az|名詞}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|şahzadə}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|fa|شهزاده|tr1=šahzâde|شازده|tr2=šâzde|شاهزاده|tr3=šâh-zâde|شهزاده|tr4=šah-zâde}}
===詞源===
{{compound|fa|شاه|زاده|t1=國王|t2=子女|tr1=šâh|tr2=zâde}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|šāhzāda}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=šâhzâde|pl=شاهزادگان|pltr=šâhzâdegân}}
{{fa-regional|شاهزاده|شاهزاده|шоҳзода}}
# 國王的子女:
## [[王子]]
## [[公主]]
====同義詞====
* {{sense|公主}} {{l|fa|شاهدخت|tr=šâhdoxt}}
* {{sense|王子}} {{l|fa|شاهپسر|tr=šâhpesar}}
====衍生詞====
* {{sense|特別指公主}} {{l|fa|شاهزاده خانم|tr=šâhzâde xânom}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|aii|ܫܵܗܙܵܕ݂ܵܐ|bor=1<!---|q=dialectal--->}}
* {{desc|az|şahzadə|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|chg|شهزاده|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|shahzada|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hi|शहज़ादा|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ur|شہزادہ|alts=1|tr=śahzādah, śêhzādah}}
* {{desc|phl|šaazaadá|شہزادہ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|шаһзада|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|شاهزاده|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|şehzade}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|alts=1|sclang=1|ਸ਼ਹਿਜ਼ਾਦਾ}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|شہزادہ|alts=1|tr=śahzādah, śêhzādah}}
* {{desc|tt|шаһзадә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|şazada|bor=1}}
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==美索不達米亞阿拉伯語==
{{acm-root|د ن ش}}
===詞源===
{{abor|acm|ota|طانشمق|tr=danışmak|t=商量}}。
===動詞===
{{acm-verb|III|tr=dāniš|np=يدانش|nptr=ydāniš}}
# {{lb|acm|巴士拉}} [[商量]]
#: {{uxi|acm|دانش فكري ؟|tr=dāniš fekri ?|t=你怎麼想?}}
====變位====
{{acm-conj/III-sound|د|ن|ش|d|n|š}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|fa|دانش|tr=dâneš}}。
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=dâniš}}
# [[知識]]
#: {{syn|ps|پوهنه|tr=pohëna}}
{{c|ps|教育}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{af|fa|دان<tr:dân>|ـش<tr:-eš>}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|dāˈniš}}
* {{rhymes|fa|eʃ|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|دانش|دانش|дониш}}
{{fa-noun|head=دانِش|tr=dâneš}}
# [[知識]] {{c|fa|教育}}
====衍生詞====
{{der2|fa
|دانِشْجو<tr:dânešju>
|دانِشْگاه<tr:dânešgâh>
|دانِشآموز<tr:dâneš-âmuz>
|دانِشْنامِه<tr:dânešnâme>
}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|daniş|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|دانش|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uz|donish}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|दानिश}}
*: {{desc|ur|دانِش}}
* {{desc|ota|دانش|tr=daniş|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|daniş}}
* {{desc|ps|دانش|tr=dâníš|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|دانِش|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਦਾਨਸ਼}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|دانش|tr=dāniš}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|دانش|tr=dāniš}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|dāniś}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=دانِش}}
# [[知識]]
# [[科學]]
# [[學問]]
====相關詞====
* {{l|ur|دانِش گاہ|t=[[大學]]}}
* {{l|ur|دانِش کَدَہ|t=大學;學院}}
* {{l|ur|دانِش جُو|t=學生}}
* {{l|ur|دانِش آموز|t=學生,老師}}
{{c|ur|教育}}
rd5g6vqhl55v7tso160wk0t1bo3fsj8
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==巴什基爾語==
[[File:Kintetsu Bus 001 JPN.jpg|thumb|Автобус.]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|ba|ru|авто́бус}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[afˈto̞bus]}}
* {{hyph|ba|ав|то|бус}}
===名詞===
{{ba-noun}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
#: {{uxi|ba|'''Автобус''' хәрәкәте.|'''巴士'''交通量}}
#: {{uxi|ba|'''Автобус''' туҡталышы.|'''巴士'''站}}
#: {{uxi|ba|Яңы '''автобустар''' газ двигателендә эшләй.|新'''巴士'''使用天然氣發動機。}}
#: {{ux|ba|Беҙ ингәндә '''автобус''' буш ине, өс-дүрт туҡталыштан халыҡ тулып китте.|我們上車的時候,'''公交車'''幾乎是空的;三四個站過後就滿員了。}}
====變格====
{{ba-ndecl-c|у|с}}
{{C|ba|交通工具|運輸}}
==別日塔語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|kap|ru|автобус}}。
===名詞===
{{head|kap|名詞}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
===來源===
* Xalilov, M. (1995). ''Бежта-Руссиян дистионарий'' [Bezhta-Russian dictionary].
{{C|kap|交通工具|運輸}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|bg|de|Autobus}} 或 {{cog|ru|авто́бус}},源頭為{{der|bg|fr|autobus}}。本詞為{{cog|grc|αὐτός||自己}}的截斷形式 + {{cog|la|omnibus||為所有人}} {{qual|{{m|la|omnis}}的與格複數}}。原指可載多人的汽車(詞素{{affix|bg|авто-}}的來源)。過去這類服務由稱作{{cog|fr|omnibus}}的馬車提供(詞素{{l|bg|-бус}}的來源)。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|автобу́с|a=[KK]}}
* {{audio|bg|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-автобус.wav}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|автобу́с|m|adj=автобу́сен}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|автобу́с<(v)>}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|bg|автомоби́л||汽車}}
* {{l|bg|тролейбу́с||無軌電車}}
* {{l|bg|микробу́с||微型公交車}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{cln|bg|含有後綴-ус的詞}}
{{C|bg|交通工具|運輸}}
==東干語==
===名詞===
{{head|dng|名詞}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====近義詞====
{{zh-dial|公共汽車}}
{{C|dng|交通工具|運輸}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|автобус|اۆتوبۋس|avtobus}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|авто́бус}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun|pl=автобустар}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|ұ|с}}
{{C|kk|交通工具|運輸}}
==茲梁科米語==
[[Image:Bus in Izhevsk, Russia.jpg|thumb|Автобус.]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|kpv|ru|автобус}}。
===發音===
* {{kpv-IPA|авто́бус}}
* {{qualifier|過時}} {{kpv-IPA|автобу́с}}
* {{hyph|kpv|ав|то|бус}}
===名詞===
{{head|kpv|名詞}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{kpv-decl}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kpv:Podorova:1948|page=15}}
* {{R:kpv:Beznosikova:2000|page=20}}
{{C|kpv|交通工具|運輸}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ky|ru|авто́бус}}。
===名詞===
{{ky-noun}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun}}
{{c|ky|交通工具|運輸}}
==馬其頓語==
{{wikipedia|lang=mk}}
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|автобу́с}}
* {{audio|mk|BusInMacedonian.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|mk|ав|то|бус}}
===名詞===
{{head|mk|名詞|head=автобу́с|g=m|複數|автобу́си|相關形容詞|автобу́ски}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|mk|автобу́ски}}
* {{l|mk|автобу́ска ста́ница|g=f}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:mk:DRMJ}}
* {{R:mk:PRMLJ1999|page=2}}
{{C|mk|交通工具|運輸}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠰ|автобус}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|авто́бус}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA|автобу́с}}
{{mn-IPA|афту́ус|q=口語}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|pl=автобуснууд|dec=n}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{mn-decl|автобу́с<n.bor>}}
{{C|mn|交通工具|運輸}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
大概源自{{bor|ru|pl|autobus}},來自{{der|ru|de|Autobus}},來自{{der|ru|en|autobus}} 或 {{der|ru|fr|autobus}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|авто́бус}}
* {{a|ru|棄用}} {{ru-IPA|автобу́с}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-автобус.ogg}}
===名詞===
[[Image:Van Hool bus Speyer 100 2029.jpg|thumb|Автобус.]]
{{ru-noun+|авто́бус|adj=авто́бусный|dim=авто́бусик}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
#: {{ux|ru|Я ви́дел, как они́ сади́лись в '''авто́бус'''.|我看見那輛'''公車'''了。}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|авто́бус}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|hy|ավտոբուս|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|az|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|avtobus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ba|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|crh|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|crh|avtobus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ავტობუსი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kaa|awtobus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|krl|avtoubussu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|اۆتوبۋس|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|avtobus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kjh|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sjd|автобусс|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kpv|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠣᠪᠦ᠋ᠰ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|alt|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tk|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|tk|awtobus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|автобус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ug|аптобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ug|ئاپتوبۇس|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uz|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|автобус|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|avtobus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|автобус|bor=1|alts=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{c|ru|交通工具|運輸}}
==韃靼語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|tt|ru|авто́бус}}。
===名詞===
{{head|tt|名詞}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
{{C|tt|交通工具|運輸}}
==烏克蘭語==
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|авто́бус}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-автобус.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|авто́бус<>|adj=авто́бусний}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|авто́бус<>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
{{C|uk|交通工具|運輸}}
==雅庫特語==
====替代寫法====
* {{alter|sah|оптуобус}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|sah|ru|авто́бус}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sah|/av.tu͡o.bus/}}
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# [[公共汽車]],[[公車]],[[公交車]],[[巴士]]
{{C|sah|交通工具|運輸}}
pg7d33j7xqxx020yf6m9e5usq86ux14
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=汉字}}
{{zh-wp|zh|nan:hàn-jī}}
[[File:Hanzi.svg|thumb|150px|{{zh-l|漢字}}(左側為傳統字,右側為簡化字)]]
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hànzì
|ma=y
|dg=хан3зы3
|c=hon3 zi6
|c-t=hon1 du5
|g=hon3 ci2
|h=pfs=hon-sṳ;hrs=h:honˇ sii˖
|md=háng-cê
|mn=zz,kh,pn:hàn-jī/xm,qz,tp:hàn-lī
|mn-t=hang3 ri7
|px=pt,xy:hang4 *zo5
|w=sh:5hoe zy
|mc=y
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# 一種[[語素文字]],起源於[[中國]],長期[[通用]]於[[東亞]]地區
#* {{zh-x|@顯宗 曰:「每日 先 教 漢字,至 申 時 漢字 課 畢,教 女直 小 字,習 國朝 語。」|顯宗說道:「每天先教學漢字,到下午漢字課結束,教學女真小字,學習本國本朝的語言。」|CL|ref='''1343-1345'''年,《{{w|金史|suf=·}}[[s:金史/卷98|卷九十八·完顏匡]]》)}}
#* {{zh-x|不錯,漢字 是 古代 傳 下來 的 寶貝,但 我們 的 祖先,比 漢字 還 要 古,所以 我們 更 是 古代 傳 下來 的 寶貝。爲 漢字 而 犧牲 我們,還是 爲 我們 而 犧牲 漢字 呢?||ref='''1934'''年,{{w|魯迅}}《[[s:漢字和拉丁化|漢字和拉丁化]]》}}
====同義詞====
{{syn-saurus|zh|漢字}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|漢字文化圈|和國漢字|漢字詞}}
====派生詞====
{{CJKV|漢字|かんじ|한자|Hán tự|かんじ}}
'''其他''':
* {{desc|en|Hanzi|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|id|honji|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ханз|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ru|ханьцзы́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|hanzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|ฮั่นจื้อ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|hanzi|bor=1}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|語素文字}}
* 阿拉伯语:{{t|ar|حَرْف صِينِيّ|m}}、{{t|ar|طَابِع صِينِيّ|m}}、{{t|ar|رَمْز صِينِيّ}}、{{t|ar|هَانْزِي|m|tr=hanzī}}、{{t|ar|هَانْزِي|m}}
* 保加利亚语:{{t|bg|[[кита́йски]] [[йерогли́ф]]|m}}、{{t|bg|[[хан]] [[йерогли́ф]]|m}}
* 缅甸语:{{t|my|တရုတ်စာလုံ}}
* 丹麦语:{{t|da|kinesisk tegn|n}}
* 荷兰语:{{t|nl|Chinees teken|n}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|Chinese character}}, {{t+|en|Hanzi}}
* 世界语:{{t|eo|ĉina signo}}
* 芬兰语:{{t|fi|[[kiinalainen]] [[kirjoitusmerkki]]}}
* 法语:{{t+|fr|sinogramme|m}}、{{t+|fr|caractère chinois|m}}、{{t+|fr|hanzi|m}}、{{t+|fr|kanji|m}}
* 加利西亚语:{{t|gl|carácter chinés|m}}
* 德语:{{t|de|[[chinesisch|chinesisches]] [[Zeichen]]|n}}、{{t+|de|Hanzi|n}}
* 印地语:{{t|hi|चीनी चरित्र}}
* 匈牙利语:{{t|hu|[[kínai]] [[írásjegy]]}}
* 冰岛语:{{t|is|[[kínverskur|kínverskt]] [[tákn]]|n}}
* 印尼语:{{t|id|[[aksara]] [[Tionghoa]]}}、{{t|id|Hanzi}}
* 意大利语:{{t|it|carattere cinese|m}}
* 日语:{{t+|ja|漢字|tr=かんじ, kanji}}
* 朝鲜语:{{t+|ko|한자(漢字)}}
* 马其顿语:{{t|mk|кинески знак|m}}、{{t|mk|ханце}}
* 马来语:{{t|ms|Aksara Cina}}、{{t|ms|Hanzi}}
* 蒙古语:
*: 西里尔字母:{{t+|mn|ханз}}、{{t|mn|[[хятад]] [[ханз]]}}
* 冲绳语:{{t|ryu|漢字|tr=かんじ, kanji}}
* 波斯语:{{t|fa|حرف چینی|tr=harf-e čini}}、{{t|fa|حرف هان|tr=harf-e hân}}
* 葡萄牙语:{{t|pt|caractere chinês|m}}
* 罗马尼亚语:{{t|ro|caracter chinezesc|n}}、{{t|ro|caracter chinez|n}}
* 俄语:{{t|ru|[[кита́йский]] [[иеро́глиф]]|m}}、{{t+|ru|ханьцзы́|m}}、{{t|ru|[[китайский|кита́йская]] [[пи́сьменность]]|f}}、{{t|ru|[[китайский|кита́йское]] [[письмо́]]|n}}、{{t|ru|[[китайский|кита́йская]] [[гра́мота]]|f}} {{qualifier|有時也作貶義,用於“難以解讀者”}}
* 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语:
*: 西里尔字母:{{t|sh|кинески карактер|m}}
*: 罗马字母:{{t|sh|kineski karakter|m}}
* 西班牙语:{{t|es|carácter chino|m}}、{{qualifier|口语}} {{t|es|letras chinas|f-p}}、{{t+|es|hanzi|m}}
* 瑞典语:{{t|sv|kinesiska tecken}}、{{t+|sv|hanzi}}
* 泰米尔语:{{t|ta|சீன எழுத்துமுறை}}
* 泰卢固语:{{t|te|చైనీస్ లిపి}}
* 泰语:{{t|th|[[อักษร]][[จีน]]|tr=àk-sɔ̌ɔn jiin}}、{{t|th|ฮั่นจื้อ}}
* 土耳其语:{{t|tr|Çince karakter}}、{{t|tr|Çince yazı karakteri}}、{{t|tr|hanzi}}
* 乌克兰语:{{t|uk|[[китайський|кита́йська]] [[писе́мність]]|f}}
* 越南语:{{t+|vi|Hán tự}} ({{t|vi|漢字}}), {{t+|vi|chữ Nho}} ({{t|vi|字儒}}), {{qualifier|特指越南語漢字}} {{t+|vi|chữ Nôm}} ({{t|vi|字喃}}), {{t+|vi|chữ Hán}}
* 壮语:{{t|za|sawgun}}
{{trans-bottom}}
====參見====
* {{zh-l|繁體字}}
* {{zh-l|簡體字}}
{{C|zh|文字|漢字相關}}
==日語==
<div style="float:right;">
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
</div>
===詞源===
{{ja-kanjitab|かん|じ|yomi=o,goon}}
源自{{der|ja|ltc|sort=かんじ|-}} {{ltc-l|漢字}}。對比現代{{cog|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|漢字|tr=hànzì}}、{{cog|nan|-}} {{zh-l|漢字|tr=[[hàn-jī]]}}。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|かんじ|acc=0|acc_ref=NHK,DJR,SMK5|a=Ja-kanji.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|かんじ}}
# [[日語]][[漢字#漢語|漢字]]
====使用說明====
日語漢字是從漢語借來。除了漢語也使用的漢字外,還有日本自創的{{m|ja|国字|tr=kokuji}},以及1946年以後部分漢字使用的{{m|ja|新字体|tr=shinjitai}}。日語書寫系統中除了漢字,還有{{m|ja|仮名|tr=kana}},包括起源於漢字草書的{{m|ja|平仮名|tr=hiragana}},和來自漢字偏旁的{{m|ja|片仮名|tr=katakana}}。
====同義詞====
{{der-top|同義詞}}
* {{ja-r|真名|まな}}、{{ja-r|真字|まな}}
* {{ja-r|男%手|おとこ%で}}
* {{ja-r|男%文%字|おとこ%も%じ}}
{{der-bottom}}
====下位語====
* {{ja-r|国%字|こく%じ}}
====衍生詞====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|漢%字%圏|かん%じ%けん}}
* {{ja-r|漢%字%語|かん%じ%ご}}
* {{ja-r|振り漢%字|ふりかん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|教%育%漢%字|きょう%いく%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|常%用%漢%字|じょう%よう%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|当%用%漢%字|とう%よう%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|表%外%漢%字|ひょう%がい%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|補%助%漢%字|ほ%じょ%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|漢%字%文%化%圏|かん%じ%ぶん%か%けん}}
* {{ja-r|常%用%外%漢%字|じょう%よう%がい%かん%じ}}
* {{ja-r|人%名%用%漢%字|じん%めい%よう%かん%じ}}
{{der-bottom}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|en|bor=1|kanji}}
====參見====
{{rel-top|類似起源文字}}
* {{ja-r|平%仮%名|ひら%が%な}}
* {{ja-r|片%仮%名|かた%か%な}}
* {{ja-r|変%体%仮%名|へん%たい%が%な}}
* {{ja-r|仮名|かな}}
* {{ja-r|新%字%体|しん%じ%たい}}
* {{ja-r|旧%字%体|きゅう%じ%たい}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
{{C|ja|文字|漢字相關}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=한자}}
# {{hanja form of|한자}}
==沖繩語==
===詞源===
{{ryu-kanjitab|かん|じ|yomi=o}}
{{ryu-OG|28|かんじ}}
===名詞===
{{ryu-noun|かんじ}}
# [[#漢語|漢字]]
====來源====
{{reflist}}
{{C|ryu|文字}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===名詞===
{{vi-noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{han tu form of|Hán tự|}}
r50q9tncpl3adymelltn84xte067ofm
Украина
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{{also|оукраина|украина|Оукраина|Украіна|Украйна|Україна}}
== 巴什基爾語 ==
{{wikipedia|lang=ba}}
[[Image:Ukraine on the globe (Europe centered).svg|thumb|'''Украинаның''' Ер шарында торошо.<br />'''烏克蘭'''在地球的位置。]]
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ba|ru|Украи́на|t=烏克蘭}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[uk.raˈi.na]}}
* {{hyphenation|ba|Ук|ра|и|на}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|ba|專有名詞}}
# {{place|ba|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
#: {{ux|ba|'''Украинаға''' хакер һөжүмдәре.|translation='''烏克蘭'''駭客的攻擊。}}
====變格====
{{ba-noun-v-sing|а}}
{{topics|ba|烏克蘭}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|Украина|ۋكراينا}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===專有名詞===
{{kk-proper noun}}
# {{place|kk|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
{{topics|kk|烏克蘭}}
== 茲梁科米語 ==
===專有名詞===
{{head|kpv|專有名詞}}
# {{place|kpv|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
{{topics|kpv|烏克蘭}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
{{wiki|lang=ky}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ky|ru|Украи́на}}。
===專有名詞===
{{ky-prop}}
# {{place|ky|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun-sg}}
{{topics|ky|烏克蘭}}
==馬其頓語==
{{wiki|lang=mk}}
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===專有名詞===
{{mk-proper noun|f|adj=украински}}
# {{place|mk|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-fp|Украин|n=sg}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|mk|Украинец|g=m}}, {{l|mk|Украинка|g=f}}
{{topics|mk|烏克蘭}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ru|Укра́йна||過時,罕用}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|orv|оукраина|t=國境}},同步分析為{{af|ru|у-|край|-ина}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Украи́на|ann=y}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Украина.ogg}}
* 註:源自烏克蘭語 {{lang|uk|Украї́на}}的重音形式。
* {{i|非標準}} {{ru-IPA|Укра́ина|ann=y}}
* 註:儘管{{lang|ru|Укра́ина}}非標準並且被某些人視為政治不正確,該讀音曾經是且仍然是大眾讀音,甚至在烏克蘭也是如此(如[[:en:w:Taras Shevchenko|Taras Shevchenko]]的詩歌)。
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Украи́на|or|Укра́ина|adj=украи́нский}}
# {{place|ru|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[в]] Украи́не|在'''烏克蘭'''(在烏克蘭首選,現在也被許多俄羅斯人使用 [借自烏克蘭語])}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[на]] Украи́не|在'''烏克蘭'''(在俄羅斯首選)}}
====使用說明====
* 在俄羅斯,Украина大多與介詞{{m|ru|на}}一起使用:
:: {{lang|ru|[[я|Я]] [[жить|живу́]] '''[[на]]''' Украи́не.}} — 我住在烏克蘭。
: 在烏克蘭,Украина大多與介詞{{m|ru|в}}一起使用:
:: {{lang|ru|[[я|Я]] [[жить|живу́]] '''[[в]]''' Украи́не.}} — 我住在烏克蘭。
: 烏克蘭人繼續使用“на Украине”的理由是這意味著烏克蘭仍是俄羅斯(或蘇聯)的一部分,但烏克蘭已於1991年脫離蘇聯。除了某些例外情況,“в”用於國家或政體,“на”則用於更廣泛的地理區域。
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Украи́на|or|Укра́ина|n=sg}}
{{ru-noun-table|Украи́на|or|Укра́ина|n=sg|old=1}}
====同義詞====
* {{lb|ru|dated|現認為對烏克蘭有冒犯性}} {{l|ru|Малоро́ссия}}或罕用的{{l|ru|Малору́ссия}}
* {{lb|ru|pejorative}} {{l|ru|Укро́пия}}, {{l|ru|Хохлоста́н}}, {{l|ru|Хохля́ндия}}, {{l|ru|Незале́жная}}, {{l|ru|Щеневме́рла}} (參見條目同義詞章節)
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|украи́нец}}
* {{l|ru|украи́нка}}
* {{l|ru|украи́нский}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|окра́ина}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|ba|Украина|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|Украин|sclang=1}}, {{desc|mn|Украйн|nolang=1}}, {{desc|mn|украин|nolang=1}}, {{desc|mn|украйн|nolang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠤᠻᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ|sclang=1}}, {{desc|mn|ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ug|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ug|Украина|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ug|ئۇكرائىنا|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|Украина|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vi|U-crai-na|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|ru|Ки́ев}}
{{list:countries in Europe/ru}}
===來源===
* [http://www.torugg.org/ukraine_or_the_ukraine.html Andrew Gregorovich, ''‘Ukraine’ or ‘the Ukraine’'']
* {{R:OED}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100523144312/http://gn.org.ua/in_ua Grigory Naumovets, ''"В" или "на" Украине'']
{{topics|ru|烏克蘭}}
==韃靼語==
===專有名詞===
{{tt-pos|專有名詞|c}}
# {{place|tt|t=烏克蘭|國家|r/東歐|caplc=基輔}}
====變格====
{{tt-cyrl-noun|ның|га|ны|да|дан}}
{{topics|tt|烏克蘭}}
ghnj1sqidp80jm6dcevco3tel1xx74f
Беларусь
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{{also|Білорусь}}
==巴什基爾語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ba}}
[[Image:Carte rivières Biélorussie.png|thumb|{{lang|ba|Беларусь.}}]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|ba|ru|Белару́сь}},源自{{der|ba|be|Белару́сь}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|ba|專有名詞}}
# {{place|ba|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|ba|專有名詞}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|ba|Белоруссия}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
{{C|ba|白俄羅斯}}
==白俄羅斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=be}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|be|Biełaruś||łacinka}}
===詞源===
源自 {{m|be|Бе́лая Русь||{{w|白魯塞尼亞}}或白色羅斯}},{{inh+|be|orv|Бѣла Русь||{{w|白魯塞尼亞}}或白色羅斯}}。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|Белару́сь}}
* {{audio|be|LL-Q9091 (bel)-Ssvb-Беларусь.wav}}
* {{audio|be|Be-Беларусь.oga}}
===專有名詞===
{{be-proper noun|Белару́сь<F.sg>|adj=белару́скі}}
# {{place|be|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
#: {{syn|be|Бе́лая Русь|q1=歷史用語或詩歌語}}
#: {{uxi|be|Рэспу́блiка Белару́сь|t=白俄羅斯共和國}}
#: {{uxi|be|[[у]]/[[ў]] '''Белару́сі'''|t=在白俄羅斯}}
#: {{uxi|be|[[у]]/[[ў]] '''Белару́сь'''|t=到白俄羅斯}}
#: {{uxi|be|[[з]] '''Белару́сі'''|t=從白俄羅斯}}
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|Белару́сь<F.sg>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|ru|Белару́сь|g=f|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|be|белару́с|g=m}}、{{l|be|белару́ска|g=f}}
* {{l|be|белару́скі}}
* {{l|be|Мінск}}、{{l|be|Менск}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
{{C|be|白俄羅斯}}
==哈薩克語==
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
{{kk-regional|Беларусь|بەلارۋس}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|Белару́сь}},源自{{der|kk|be|Белару́сь}}。
===專有名詞===
{{kk-proper noun}}
# {{place|kk|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|kk|專有名詞}}
{{C|kk|白俄羅斯}}
==茲梁科米語==
===專有名詞===
{{head|kpv|專有名詞}}
# {{place|kpv|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
{{C|kpv|白俄羅斯}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠪᠧᠯᠠᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ|Беларусь}}
{{wikipedia|lang=mn}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|Белару́сь}},源自{{der|mn|be|Белару́сь}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA}}
===專有名詞===
{{mn-prop}}
# {{place|mn|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
#: {{syn|mn|Белорус|Беларус}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|mn|專有名詞}}
{{C|mn|白俄羅斯}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ru|Белорусь||錯誤拼寫}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|be|Белару́сь}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Белару́сь}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Беларусь.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Белару́сь|f|adj=белору́сский}}
# {{place|ru|國家|r/東歐|t=白俄羅斯}}
#: {{syn|ru|Белору́ссия|q1=在俄羅斯優先使用|Бе́лая Русь|q2=歷史用語或詩歌語}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[в]] '''Белару́си'''|t=在白俄羅斯}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[в]] '''Белару́сь'''|t=到白俄羅斯}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[из]] '''Белару́си'''|t=從白俄羅斯}}
====用法說明====
* {{m|ru|Белару́сь}} 是白俄羅斯的官方用語,在白俄羅斯優先使用,在自由派俄羅斯人中也很常見。
*{{m|ru|Белору́ссия}} 在俄羅斯較為常見,尤其是在保守派中使用。
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Белару́сь|f|n=sg}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|ar|بِيلَارُوس|g=f|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|Беларусь|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bua|Беларусь|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|Belarus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|Bélarus|g=m|der=1}}
* {{desc|kk|Беларусь|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-}}
*: {{desc|mn|Беларусь|sclang=1|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠪᠧᠯᠠᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ|sclang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|بلاروس|tr=belârus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|Беларус|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|Беларусь|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|Belarus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|Беларусь|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|ru|белору́с}}、{{l|ru|белору́ска}}
* {{l|ru|белору́сский}}
* {{l|ru|Минск}}、{{l|ru|Менск}}
{{list:countries in Europe/ru}}
{{C|ru|白俄羅斯}}
chqv9bbe4v39ai2qtwhfn377hi1c5m6
Турция
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{{also|Турція}}
==保加利亞語==
{{wikipedia|lang=bg}}
[[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|thumb|Турция]]
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|Ту́рция|a=[KK]}}
===專有名詞===
{{bg-proper noun|Ту́рция|f|adj=ту́рски}}
# {{place|bg|位於<<r/東南歐>>和<<r/西亞>>交界處、南臨<<sea/地中海>>的<<國家>>|t=土耳其}}
====屈折====
{{bg-ndecl|Ту́рция<(v)/n:sg>}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|bg|ту́рчин}}、{{l|bg|турки́ня}}
* {{l|bg|ту́рски}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ru|Ту́рція||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|la-new|Turcia}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Ту́рция}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Турция.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Ту́рция|adj=туре́цкий}}
# {{place|ru|位於<<r/東南歐>>和<<r/西亞>>交界處、南臨<<sea/地中海>>的<<國家>>|t=土耳其}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Ту́рция|n=sg}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ru|ту́рок}}、{{l|ru|турча́нка}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|Түркия|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|تۇركيا|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ky|Түркия|der=1}}
* {{desc|lv|Turcija|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|Турк|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠺ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|Туурсуйа|bor=1}}
===參見===
{{list:countries in Europe/ru}}
{{list:countries in Asia/ru}}
{{cln|ru|外名}}
9synejyjuzz82v8kao1p4agsxb6gbmt
フランス
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==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|alt=仏蘭西}}
{{swp|ja:}}
===其他形式===
* {{qualifier|簡稱}} {{ja-r|仏|ふつ}}
===詞源===
可能直接{{bor+|ja|fr|France}},亦可能間接{{bor+|ja|en|France}}。<ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref>{{R:Kojien}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>
===發音===
{{ja-pron|acc=0|a=Ja-Furansu.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ja-pos|proper}}
# {{place|ja|國家|r/西歐|t=法國|capital=パリ}}
====近義詞====
* {{ja-r|フランス共%和%国|^フランス ^きょう%わ%こく}}
* {{ja-r|仏国|^ふつこく}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|ja
|{{ja-r|フランス語|^フランス-ご|法語}}
|{{ja-r|フランス人|^フランス-じん|法國人}}
|{{ja-r|フランス刺%繍|^フランス し%しゅう|法式刺繡}}
|{{ja-r|フランスパン|^フランス パン|法棍}}
|{{ja-r|フランス窓|^フランス まど|法式窗,落地窗}}
}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{ja-r|フラン||法郎}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ain|フランス|bor=1}}
===參見===
{{list:countries in Europe/ja}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{cln|ja|外名}}
qi6no4v1opvedhdp3o3qai6fg13tl3k
tape recorder
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==英語==
===名詞===
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
{{en-noun}}
# {{lb|en|sound engineering}} [[錄音機]]
#: {{synonyms|en|cassette deck|tape deck}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|af|bandopnemer|clq=1}}
* {{desc|bn|টেপ রেকর্ডার|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|टेप रिकॉर्डर|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|bandopnemer|clq=1}}; {{desc|nl|bandrecorder|nolang=1|clq=1}}
* {{desc|ja|テープレコーダー|tr=tēpurekōdā|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|테이프 레코더|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ps|ټېپ ريکارډر|tr=ṭep-rikārḍár|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tpi|teprikoda|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|ٹیپ ریکارڈر|tr=ṭep rikārḍar|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|en|video recorder}}
{{c|en|電子學}}
ik1r8hpc62o6al71uz1mzk9bdyiw00c
thesaurus
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{{also|Thesaurus|thésaurus}}
==英语==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===词源===
16世纪,源自{{bor|en|la|thēsaurus}},源自{{der|en|grc|θησαυρός||仓库,宝藏}},其当前的英语意是1852年Peter Roget所著{{lang|en|''Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases''}}出版之后不就产生的。{{doublet|en|treasure}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|en|/θɪˈsɔːɹəs/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-thesaurus.wav|(英式)音频}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɔːɹəs}}
===名词===
{{en-noun|thesauri|+}}
# [[索引典]],[[同義詞]][[詞典]],[[近義詞]][[詞典]](有時也是[[反義詞]]詞典)
# {{lb|en|古旧}} [[词典]]或[[百科全书]]
====近义词====
* {{l|en|synonymicon}}
====衍生词汇====
* [[metathesaurus]]
* {{l|en|thesaural}}
====参见====
* {{l|en|ontology}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
[[Category:英語 工具書]]
==拉丁语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|la|thēnsaurus}}
* {{alter|la|tēsaurus|tēsōrus||晚期拉丁语}}
===词源===
源自{{der|la|grc|θησαυρός||仓库,贮藏处}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes|thēsaurus}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|thēsaurus<2>}}
# [[贮藏]]处
#* {{RQ:Vulgate|Daniel|1|2}}
#*: {{...}} et vasa intulit in domum '''thesauri''' dei sui
#*:: "{{...}} and he brought the vessels into the '''treasure''' house of his god."
# [[亲爱]]的人
# [[宝库]]
# [[箱子]],[[保险箱]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|thēsaurus<2>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|thēsaurārius}}
* {{l|la|thēsaurensis}}
* {{l|la|thēsaurizātor}}
* {{l|la|thēsaurizō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|thesar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|tresor}}、{{desc|ca|tesaurus|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|thesaurus|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|thesawrws|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|thésaurus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Thesaurus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|tesauro}}、{{l|it|tesoro}}
* {{desctree|fro|tresor}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|tesouro}}
** {{desc|gl|tesouro}}
** {{desc|pt|tesouro|alts=1}}
* {{desc|pms|tesòr}}
* {{desc|pt|tesauro|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|tezaur}}
* {{desc|es|tesoro}}、{{desc|es|tesauro|bor=1|nolang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
==葡萄牙语==
===名词===
{{pt-noun|m|thesauri|pl2=#}}
# [[分类词典]]
#: {{syn|pt|tesauro|dicionário de sinónimos|q2=葡萄牙|dicionário de sinônimos|q3=巴西}}
asexfbg02jwn4kz9p0gzqkkjqm8q7s8
computus
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==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===其他寫法===
* {{alt|en|compotus|conpotus}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|en|la|computus}}。{{doublet|en|conto}}。
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~|computi}}
# {{w|復活節的計算}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2008|author=Ian F. McNeely; Lisa Wolverton|title=Reinventing Knowledge: From Alexandria to the Internet|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=oRae5jG6_DIC&pg=PA68&dq=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=520eVY-DIITDmAWlgoHoBg&ved=0CK4CEOgBMDA#v=onepage&q=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&f=false|page=68
|passage=An elaborate bundle of techniques called '''computus''' therefore developed around Easter calculations. '''Computus''' formed the centerpiece of “scientific” education in the monasteries.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2011|author=Elisheva Carlbach|title=Palaces of Time|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=dZSmDsoU11kC&pg=PA11&dq=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=520eVY-DIITDmAWlgoHoBg&ved=0CKYBEOgBMBc#v=onepage&q=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&f=false|page=11
|passage=Bede's work, which remained in active use for half a millennium, stood at the very center of the university curriculum, because the mastery of '''computus''' included many different essential subjects such as astronomy, mathematics, geography, theology, and law; its applications, too, included medicine and agriculture.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2011|author=C. Philipp E. Nothaft|title=Dating the Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200-1600)|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UuT607E79KIC&pg=PA103&dq=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=moMeVfjKFtjm8AXY0YHwAQ&ved=0COcBEOgBMB84ZA#v=onepage&q=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&f=false|page=103
|passage=The technical problems faced by Western computists when it came to dating the day of Christ's Passion and the year of the world's creation were so persistent and perplexing that only a radical solution could restore the lost coherence of '''computus''' and chronography.}}
# {{lb|en|historical}} 一本用於計算天文事件和可移動[[節日]][[日期]]的[[表格]]
#* '''1987''', Bruce Eastwood, ''5: Plinian astronomical diagrams in the early Middle Ages'', Edward Grant, John Emery Murdoch, ''Mathematics and Its Applications to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages'', [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6u5fOB7EXcsC&pg=PA149&dq=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=520eVY-DIITDmAWlgoHoBg&ved=0CLYBEOgBMBo#v=onepage&q=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&f=false page 149],
#*: This '''computus''' also contains only one completed Plinian diagram, that for the planetary harmonic intervals.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2007|author=László Sándor Chardonnens|title=Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts|pageurl=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=CZS6CsIkCRoC&pg=PA25&dq=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=520eVY-DIITDmAWlgoHoBg&ved=0CKkCEOgBMC8#v=onepage&q=%22computus%7Ccomputi%22&f=false|page=25
|passage=Prognostics have thus been discovered in '''computi''', in volumes on science or medicine, and in miscellanies which present a host of different text genres.}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|en|compute}}
* {{l|en|computist}}
===參見===
* {{l|en|almanac}}
==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|la|compotus}}
* {{l|la|conpotus}}
===詞源===
來自{{m|la|computō}}。
===名詞===
{{la-noun|computus<2>}}
# {{lb|la|Late Latin}} [[計算]]
# {{lb|la|Late Latin}} [[銀行賬戶]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|computus<2>}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|cuentu}}
* {{desc|ca|conte|compte}}, {{desc|ca|còmput|nolang=1|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|conte|compte}}
* {{desc|fur|cont}}
* {{desc|gl|conto|conda}}; {{l|gl|cómputo}} {{qual|借用}}
* {{desc|it|conto|compito|computo}}
** {{desc|nb|konto|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|conto|cômputo}}
* {{desc|ro|cumpăt}}
* {{desc|scn|cuntu}}
* {{desc|es|cómputo|cuento}}
** {{desc|tl|kuwento}}
* {{desc|vec|conpito|conto|cont}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|kumt}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
18mkr4tczpyt0gna4q1m5i8ca9s7nab
پادشاه
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==波斯語==
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|pādi`šāh,pād`šāh}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|پادشاه|پادشاه|подишоҳ|tg2=подшоҳ}}
{{fa-noun|head=پادِشاه|tr=pâdešâh|head2=پادْشاه|tr2=pâdšâh|pl=پادِشاهان|pl2=پادشاهان|pltr=pâdešâhân|pl2tr=pâdšâhân}}
# [[王]]
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|بَادْشَاه}}
**→ Hindustani:
*** {{desc|hi|बादशाह|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ur|بادْشاہ|tr=bādśāh|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|bor=1|ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|-}}
*: {{desc|az|padşah|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|падшаһ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|پادشاه|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|батша|падишаһ}}
* {{desc|cv|патша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|padiscià|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|патша|падишаһ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|падыша}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|پادشاه|tr=pādišāh}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mzn|پاشا|tr=pâšâ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|باچا|tr=bāčā}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|падиша́х}}
* {{desc|bor=1|alt|батша}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|патша|падишаһ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|patyşa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|پادىشاھ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|podshoh}}
{{desc-bottom}}
c0vyqhjph9rgvmtcnsjtfgy9iun5ieo
Wiktionary:删除请求
4
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{{Shortcut|Wiktionary:RFD|Wiktionary:AFD}}
{{Wiktionary:删除请求/存档}}
中文维基词典现在由[[Wiktionary:管理员|管理员]]执行删除操作,所以请把所有有待删除的页面標示{{Tl|Afd|删除原因}},列表如最下方。快速删除請標示{{Tl|Delete|删除原因}}。請求恢復頁面也於本頁處理。所有討論通常至少進行14日,管理員現在可處理 {{#time:Y年Mj日 (D) H:i|-14 days}} (UTC) 前發起的討論。
<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">{{clickable button 2|url={{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit§ion=new&preload=Template:DRItem/auto&editintro=Template:DRItemNotice}}|提出删除请求}}</div>
另见:[[:Category:快速删除候选|快速删除候选]]
[[Category:维基词典站务]]
== 當前的討論 ==
<!-- 新討論請放最下方 -->
===[[:偷冷的]]===
有載[https://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/Browse/lindict17.html 林語堂《當代漢英詞典》]及[https://www.google.com.hk/books/edition/A_Course_of_Mandarin_Lessons_Based_on_Id/0FbhVaM0AvAC?hl=zh-TW&gbpv=1&dq=%E5%81%B7%E5%86%B7%E7%9A%84&pg=PA323&printsec=frontcover A Course of Mandarin Lessons, Based on Idiom],但除此之外網絡上好像就沒有其他科搜索到的內容了。前者說是口語,後者說是 "Southern term",那麼究竟是哪個地方的方言,有沒有更加合適的寫法,需要釐清。-——[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]) 2025年1月18日 (六) 14:56 (UTC)
:[https://toyo.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/14152 明治中期における南北官話の一考察]、[https://www.google.com.hk/books/edition/%E9%BA%A5%E6%B0%8F%E6%BC%A2%E8%8B%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8/Pj_e2d3eHTQC?hl=zh-CN&gbpv=1&dq=%22%E5%81%B7%E5%86%B7%22&pg=PA941&printsec=frontcover 麥氏漢英大辭典]。另外有近義詞[https://www.wccdaily.com.cn/shtml/hxdsb/20230823/200394.shtml 偷冷捶](汉语方言大词典中「偷冷槌」),现代语境中「[https://www.badmintoncn.com/eqm.php?a=eqCommView&cid=839633 偷冷子抽一拍]」(大多数和[[冷不丁]]差不多)(Southern term估計還是官話範圍內) [[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]([[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]) 2025年6月6日 (五) 07:24 (UTC)
===[[:鳥澡盆]]===
{{刪除}}理據:似乎是譯自[[birdbath]]--[[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]([[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]) 2025年2月26日 (三) 10:00 (UTC)
:[[鳥浴盆]]的hits似乎还要更多一些。--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]) 2025年2月26日 (三) 13:23 (UTC)
===[[:雷隊友]]===
{{刪除}}理據:雷+隊友--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]([[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]) 2025年6月6日 (五) 04:57 (UTC)
:搜到有些結果,不知是否能作為[[豬隊友]]的同義詞?--[[User:Sayonzei|Sayonzei]]([[User talk:Sayonzei|留言]]) 2025年6月6日 (五) 06:19 (UTC)
::应该算是近义词,可能有少许差异,[https://inews.hket.com/article/1679591/%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%BD%AE%E8%AA%9E%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%E8%B1%AC%E9%9A%8A%E5%8F%8B%20VS%20%E9%9B%B7%E9%9A%8A%E5%8F%8B 我的潮語時代 豬隊友 VS 雷隊友]。 [[User:Kethyga|Kethyga]]([[User talk:Kethyga|留言]]) 2025年6月6日 (五) 06:25 (UTC)
==={{al|Appendix:簡化字總表|Wiktionary:第二次汉字简化方案(草案)|Appendix:简化字总表/第一表|Appendix:简化字总表/第二表|Appendix:简化字总表/第三表|Appendix:简化字总表/附錄}}===
{{刪除}}理據:這應該是維基文庫的收錄範圍。--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]([[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]) 2026年3月23日 (一) 19:48 (UTC)
:'''已刪'''[[Wiktionary:第二次汉字简化方案(草案)]],整合到[[s:第二次汉字简化方案(草案)]]。其他的再看是否有更早的編修也送出。--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]]([[User talk:TunnelESON|留言]]) 2026年6月1日 (一) 02:59 (UTC)
===[[:三自運動]]===
{{刪除}}理據:三自+運動。三自也已經是簡稱了。--[[User:Fglffer|Fglffer]]([[User talk:Fglffer|留言]]) 2026年7月3日 (五) 07:34 (UTC)
===[[:森林火災]]===
{{刪除}}理據:森林+火灾,然后……城市+火灾?--[[User:ArsenalBastion4093|AB4093]] [ [[User talk:ArsenalBastion4093|留言]] | [[Special:Contribs/ArsenalBastion4093|贡献]] ] 2026年10月1日 (四) 02:49 (UTC)
s3ses83g4ejjka9lw4d7rd2gsx9puzc
Benzin
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{{also|benzin|benzín}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{coin|de|in=1833|Eilhard Mitscherlich|nobycat=1}},源自 {{af|de|Benzoe|-in|id2=化學}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/bɛnˈt͡siːn/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Benzin.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|n}}
#[[汽油]]、[[石油]]
#: {{syn|de|Sprit<q:colloquial>}}
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|n}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Benzinkutsche}}
* {{l|de|Benzintank}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Benzoe}}
* {{l|de|Benzol}}
* {{l|de|Benzen}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|acm|بنزين|bor=1}}
* {{desc|acw|بنزين|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|benzin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|benzina|bor=1}}
* {{desc|da|benzin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|benzino|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|fr|benzine|g=f|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|benzin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|benzina|g=f|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|benzine|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|בנזין|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ru|бензин|g=m|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бѐнзӣн|g=m|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bènzīn|g=m|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|es|bencina|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|bensin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|benzina|g=f|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{pedia|lang=de}}
{{C|de|能量|液體|石油化學}}
g8p2u8bb4vgpz6rt5syr6ge0nrhkyc4
Farbe
0
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{{also|färbe}}
==德語==
{{picdic
|image=Color circle (hue-sat).png
|width=310
|labels=
{{picdiclabel|de|color=FF0000|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=70|link=rot|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=FFA500|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=90|link=orange|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=FFFF00|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=110|link=gelb|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=7FFF00|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=130|link=grün|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=0000FF|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=150|link=blau|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=8F00FF|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=170|link=violett|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=000000|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=190|link=schwarz|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=623017|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=210|link=braun|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=2F4F4F|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=230|link=grau|align=left}}
{{picdiclabel|de|color=FFFFFF|fontsize=18|posx=100|posy=250|link=weiß|align=left}}
|detail1=請點擊圖片中的標籤
}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|Farb|pos1=詩歌|Färbe|pos2=棄用}}
===詞源===
{{dercat|de|gem-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|de|gmh|varwe}},{{inh+|de|goh|farawa}},{{inh+|de|gmw-pro|*faru}},{{inh+|de|gem-pro|*farwō}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfarbə/|[ˈfaʁbə]|[ˈfaɐ̯bə]|[ˈfaːbə]}}
* {{audio|de|De-Farbe.ogg}}
* {{hyph|de|Far|be}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|f}}
# [[顏色]],[[色彩]]
# [[漆]],[[顏料]]
# [[染料]],[[染髮劑]]
# {{lb|de|card games}} [[花色]]
# {{lb|de|紋章學}} 紋章用色,[[紋章色]]
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|f.gen:-:n[弃用].dat:-:n[弃用]}}
====衍生詞彙====
* {{l|de|färben}}
* {{l|de|farbig}}
* {{l|de|farblich}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel4|de
|Abschirmfarbe
|Abtönfarbe
|Acrylfarbe
|Aderfarbe
|Akzentfarbe
|Anilinfarbe
|Anlassfarbe
|Anlauffarbe
|Anstrichfarbe
|Antifarbe
|Anti-Kletter-Farbe
|Aquarellfarbe
|Atlasfarbe
|Aufdruckfarbe
|Augenfarbe
|Außenfarbe
|Aussenfarbe
|Auswärtsfarbe
|Autofarbe
|Azofarbstoff
|Azo-Farbstoff
|Basisfarbe
|Batikfarbe
|Baumfarbe
|Bautenfarbe
|Bernsteinfarbe
|Betonfarbe
|Bezugsfarbe
|Binderfarbe
|Blattfarbe
|Blaufarbstoff
|Bleifarbe
|Blütenfarbe
|Bodenfarbe
|Brandschutzfarbe
|Bußfarbe
|Bussfarbe
|Chromfarbe
|Dachfarbe
|Deckenfarbe
|Deckfarbe
|Dekorationsfarbe
|Dickschichtfarbe
|Dreifarb-
|Dreifarben-
|Dreifarbenkolibri
|Druckerfarbe
|Druckfarbe
|Echtfarbe
|Eierfarbe
|Einkomponentenfarbe
|Eisenglimmerfarbe
|Elementarfarbe
|Emailfarbe
|Emissionsfarbe
|Emulsionsfarbe
|Erdfarbe
|Falschfarbe
|farb-
|Farb-
|Farbabbeizer
|Farb-Abbeizer
|Farbabbildung
|Farbabfüllanlage
|farbabgestimmt
|Farbabgleich
|Farbabmusterung
|Farbabrieb
|Farbabschalter
|Farbabstimmung
|Farbabstufung
|Farbabweichung
|Farbadditiv
|Farbakkord
|Farbakzent
|Farbamplitude
|Farbänderung
|Farbanordnung
|Farbanpassung
|Farbanstrich
|Farbanteil
|Farbanwendung
|Farbanzeige
|Farbart
|Farbaufnahme
|Farbauftrag
|Farbauszug
|Farbbad
|Farbbalance
|Farbbalken
|Farbband
|Farbbartagame
|farbbasiert
|Farbbaum
|Farbbeibehaltung
|Farbbeilage
|farbbekleckert
|Farbbenennung
|Farbberater
|Farbbereich
|Farbbeschichtung
|Farbbeständigkeit
|Farbbestimmung
|Farbbeutel
|Farbbezeichnung
|farbbezogen
|Farbbild
|Farbbooklet
|Farbbroschüre
|Farbbuch
|Farbbüchlein
|Farbcharakteristika
|Farbchemiker
|Farbcode
|farbcodiert
|Farbcodierung
|Farbdarstellung
|Farbdeckung
|Farbdesign
|Farbdiafilm
|Farbdiagramm
|Farbdiapositiv
|Farbdichte
|Farbdisplay
|Farbdokument
|Farbdoppler
|Farbdoppler-
|Farbdose
|Farbdruck
|Farbdrucker
|Farbduktor
|Farbe bekennen
|Farbeffekt
|farbecht
|Farbeigenschaft
|Farbeimer
|Farbeindruck
|Farbeinstellung
|Farbempfänger
|Farbempfinden
|farbempfindlich
|Farbempfindung
|farben-
|Farben-
|-farben
|Farbenabart
|Farbenagnosie
|Farbenanalysator
|Farbenausgleich
|Farbenbehandlung
|farbenblind
|Farbendreieck
|Farbendruck
|Farbenfabrik
|Farbenfotografie
|farbenfreudig
|farbenfroh
|Farbenfülle
|Farbengeschäft
|Farbengobe
|Farbenhändler
|Farbenhersteller
|Farbenherstellung
|Farbenhören
|Farbenindustrie
|Farbenkarte
|Farbenkasten
|Farbenkind
|Farbenkinder
|Farbenkode
|Farbenkodierung
|Farbenkombination
|Farbenkünstler
|Farbenladen
|Farbenlehre
|Farbenmusik
|Farbennäpfchen
|Farbennummer
|Farbenpalette
|Farbenphotographie
|Farbenplan
|Farbenpracht
|Farbenprobe
|Farbenproblem
|farbenreich
|Farbenreinheit
|Farbenschlüssel
|Farbenschmelzofen
|Farbenschwelgerei
|Farbensehen
|Farbensicht
|Farbensinn
|Farbenspiel
|Farbenstädter
|Farbentaube
|Farbentest
|Farbentferner
|Farbentrennung
|Farbentreue
|Farbenverständnis
|Farbenverteilung
|Farbenvielfalt
|Farbenvorurteil
|Farbenzentrum
|Farbenzusammenstellung
|Farbenzwerg
|Farberde
|Farberhaltung
|farberhöhend
|Farberkennungssignal
|Farbersparnis
|Farbfaktor
|Farbfassung
|Farbfeldmalerei
|Farbfernsehapparat
|Farbfernsehen
|Farbfernseher
|Farbfernsehgerät
|Farbfernsehröhre
|Farbfilm
|Farbfilter
|Farbfleck
|Farbflecken
|Farbflotte
|Farbfläche
|Farbflüssigkeit
|Farbfoto
|Farbfotografie
|farbfotografisch
|farbfrei
|farbfrisch
|Farbfrosch
|Farbfrösche
|Farbfächer
|Farbgeberrolle
|Farbgebung
|Farbgefühl
|Farbgestaltung
|Farbglas
|Farbgrundlage
|Farbhaltung
|Farbheber
|Farbheberwalze
|Farbhervorhebung
|Farbhintergrund
|Farbholz
|Farbholzschnitt
|farbig
|Farbillustration
|Farbindex
|Farbindikator
|Farbinformation
|Farbintensität
|farbintensiv
|Farbintensivierung
|Farbkalibrierung
|Farbkarte
|Farbkasten
|Farbkastenwalze
|Farbkatalog
|Farbkennzeichnung
|Farbkissen
|Farbklang
|Farbklecks
|farbkodiert
|Farbkombination
|Farbkomponente
|Farbkomposition
|Farbkonstanz
|Farbkontrast
|Farbkontur
|Farbkonzentrat
|Farbkonzept
|Farbkoordinate
|Farbkopie
|Farbkopierer
|Farbkorrektur
|farbkorrigiert
|Farbkosmetik
|Farbkraft
|Farbkreide
|Farbkreis
|Farbkristalle
|Farbkugel
|Farbkörper
|Farblack
|Farbladung
|Farblaserdrucker
|Farbläufer
|Farblegetest
|Farbleitsystem
|Farbleuchtkraft
|farblich
|Farblichtdruck
|Farblinolschnitt
|Farblithografie
|Farblithographie
|farblos
|Farblöscher
|Farblosigkeit
|Farblösung
|Farbmanagement
|Farb-Management
|Farbmarkierung
|Farbmaskierung
|Farbmatrix
|Farbmaus
|Farbmenge
|Farbmesser
|Farbmessgerät
|Farbmessung
|Farbmetrik
|farbmetrisch
|Farbmischanzeige
|Farbmischer
|Farbmischung
|Farbmittel
|Farbmodell
|Farbmodus
|Farbmonitor
|Farbmorphe
|Farbmusik
|Farbmuster
|Farbnapf
|Farbnäpfchen
|Farbnegativ
|Farbnorm
|Farbnuance
|Farborgel
|Farborgie
|Farbort
|Farboxid
|Farbpalette
|Farbpaste
|Farbpatrone
|Farbperspektive
|Farbphotographie
|Farbpigment
|Farbpinsel
|Farbpixel
|Farbplotter
|Farbpolymorphismus
|Farbprobe
|Farbproofing
|Farbpsychologie
|Farbpuffer
|Farbpult
|Farbpulver
|Farbqualität
|Farbquerfehler
|Farbrad
|Farbrand
|Farbratte
|Farbraum
|Farbrauschen
|Farbreaktion
|Farbregelung
|farbreich
|Farbreihenfolge
|Farbreinheit
|Farbreiz
|Farbrevolution
|Farbrezept
|Farbrezeptiersystem
|Farbrezeptoren
|farbrichtig
|Farbroller
|Farbrührquirl
|Farb-Rührquirl
|Farbsättigung
|Farbsatz
|Farbsaum
|Farbscanner
|Farbschalter
|Farbschaltung
|Farbschattierung
|Farbschema
|Farbschicht
|Farbschirm
|Farbschlag
|Farbschlamm
|Farbschlüssel
|Farbschnitt
|Farbschwäche
|Farbschweiß
|Farbschweiss
|farbschön
|Farbsehen
|Farbsendung
|Farbsensor
|Farbseparation
|Farbsignal
|Farbsinn
|Farbskala
|Farbskizze
|Farbskotom
|Farbspektrum
|Farbspezifikation
|farbspezifisch
|Farbspezifizierung
|Farbspray
|Farbspritzer
|Farbspritzkabine
|Farbspritzpistole
|Farbsprühdose
|Farbsprühdüse
|Farbspülung
|Farbspur
|Farbstabilisator
|Farbstand
|Farbstapel
|Farbstärke
|Farbstein
|Farbstellung
|Farbsteuerpult
|Farbsteuerung
|Farbstich
|farbstichig
|Farbstift
|Farbstoff
|Farbstreifen
|Farbstruktur
|Farbstudie
|Farbstufe
|Farbsupraleitung
|Farbsymbolik
|Farbsymphonie
|Farbsystem
|Farbszintigraphie
|Farbtabelle
|Farbtafel
|Farbtechniker
|Farbtemperatur
|Farbtextur
|Farbtheorie
|Farbtiefe
|Farbton
|Farbtönung
|Farbtopf
|Farbträger
|Farbtransformation
|Farbtrennung
|Farbtreue
|Farbtripel
|Farb-TV
|Farbtube
|Farbtuch
|Farbtupfer
|Farbübereinstimmung
|Farbübergang
|Farbübertragung
|Farbübertragwalze
|Farbüberzug
|Farbumfang
|Farbumkehrfilm
|Farbumschlag
|Farbunterabtastung
|Farbunterscheidung
|Farbunterschied
|Farbvalenz
|Farbvariante
|Farbveränderung
|Farbverarbeiter
|farbverbindlich
|Farbverbrauch
|Farbverdünner
|Farbvergrößerung
|Farbvergrösserung
|Farbverlauf
|Farbverschiebung
|Farbversion
|Farbversorgung
|farbverstärkend
|Farbverteilung
|Farbverzerrung
|Farbvision
|Farbwahl
|Farbwähler
|Farbwahrnehmung
|Farbwalze
|Farbwanne
|Farbwechsel
|farbwechselnd
|Farbwerk
|Farbwert
|Farbwiedergabe
|Farbwirkung
|Farbwunder
|Farbzahl
|Farbzelle
|Farbzone
|Farbzuführung
|Farbzuordnung
|Farbzusammenstellung
|Farbzwang
|Farbzylinder
|Fassadenfarbe
|Federfarbe
|Fehlfarbe
|Fellfarbe
|Fenstermalfarbe
|Feuerschutzfarbe
|Filmfarbwerk
|Film-Farbwerk
|Fingerfarbe
|Fingermalfarbe
|Firmenfarbe
|Fleischfarbe
|Flexodruckfarbe
|Flügelgrundfarbe
|Fokalfarbe
|Fruchtfarbe
|Füllfarbe
|Fünf-Farben-Satz
|Garnfarbe
|Gärtnerfarbe
|Gefiederfarbe
|Gegenfarbe
|Gehäusefarbe
|Gesichtsfarbe
|Gestellfarbe
|Glanzdruckfarbe
|Glanzfarbe
|Glasurfarbe
|Glühfarbe
|Goldfarbe
|Grundfarbe
|Grundierfarbe
|Grundierungsfarbe
|Gürtelfarbe
|Haarfarbe
|Hauptfarbe
|Hautfarbe
|Heimfarbe
|Heimfarben
|Heizkörperfarbe
|Herbstfarbe
|Hintergrundfarbe
|Hochdruckfarbe
|Hochglanzfarbe
|Holzfarbe
|Innenfarbe
|Interferenzfarbe
|Irisfarbe
|Kaffeefarbe
|Kalkfarbe
|Kautschukfarbe
|Kennfarbe
|Khakifarbe
|Klangfarbe
|Kleiderfarbe
|Kolbenfarbe
|Komplementärfarbe
|Kontrastfarbe
|Korallenfarbe
|Korallfarbe
|Körperfarbe
|Korrosionsschutzfarbe
|Krustenfarbe
|Künstlerfarbe
|Kupferfarbe
|Lackfarbe
|Landesfarbe
|Landesfarben
|Lasurfarbe
|Latexfarbe
|Lebensmittelfarbe
|Leimfarbe
|Leinsamenölfarbe
|Leinölfarbe
|Leuchtfarbe
|Lichtfarbe
|Lieblingsfarbe
|Lippenstiftfarbe
|Lohfarbe
|Malerfarbe
|Malfarbe
|Mandelfarbe
|Mannschaftsfarbe
|Mannschaftsfarben
|Markierungsfarbe
|Mehlfarbe
|Mehrfarbendruck
|Metallfarbe
|Mineralfarbe
|Mischfarbe
|Modefarbe
|Nagelfarbe
|Nationalfarbe
|Nationalfarben
|Naturfarbe
|Nebenfarbe
|Negativfarbe
|Neonfarbe
|Oberfarbe
|Oberflächenfarbe
|Offsetdruckfarbe
|Ölfarbe
|Originalfarbe
|Papierfarbe
|Pastellfarbe
|Pelzfarbe
|Pfirsichfarbe
|Pflanzenfarbe
|Pigmentfarbe
|Plakatfarbe
|Polsterfarbe
|Polyesterfarbe
|Porzellanaufglasurfarben
|Primärfarbe
|Produktfarbe
|Pseudofarbe
|Pulverfarbe
|Purpurfarbe
|RAL-Farbe
|Randfarben
|Rasterfarbe
|Referenzfarbe
|Reflexfarbe
|Reflexionsfarbe
|Regenbogenfarbe
|Regenbogenfarben
|Rosenfarbe
|Saisonfarbe
|Sandfarbe
|Schablonenfarbe
|Schaftfarbe
|Schalenfarbe
|Scharlachfarbe
|Schiffsbodenfarbe
|Schiffsfarbe
|Schilderfarbe
|Schmuckfarbe
|Schnabelfarbe
|Schlüsselfarbe
|Schokofarbe
|Schokoladenfarbe
|Schriftfarbe
|Schutzfarbe
|Schwarzfarbe
|Seidenfarbe
|Seidenmalfarbe
|Sekundärfarbe
|Sicherheitsfarbe
|Siebdruckfarbe
|Siebenfarbenpapagei
|Siebenfarbentangare
|Signalfarbe
|Silberfarbe
|Silikatfarbe
|Sockelfarbe
|Sommerfarbe
|Sonderfarbe
|Spachtelfarbe
|Spektralfarbe
|Spezialfarbe
|Spielfeldmarkierungsfarbe
|Spielkartenfarbe
|Sprayfarbe
|Sprühfarbe
|Staatsfarbe
|Staatsfarben
|Standardfarbe
|Stempelfarbe
|Stimmfarbe
|Stofffarbe
|Straßenmarkierungsfarbe
|Strassenmarkierungsfarbe
|Strichfarbe
|Strohfarbe
|Tafelfarbe
|Tagesleuchtfarbe
|Tapetenfarbe
|Tarnfarbe
|Temperafarbe
|Teppichfarbe
|Tertiärfarbe
|Testfarbe
|Textfarbe
|Textilfarbe
|Thermalfarbe
|Tiefdruckfarbe
|Tonfarbe
|Trendfarbe
|Trikotfarbe
|Trumpffarbe
|Tubenfarbe
|Türfarbe
|Umgebungsfarbe
|Unifarbe
|Unterfarbe
|Unterglasurfarbe
|Unternehmensfarbe
|Urfarbe
|Vereinsfarbe
|Vielfarben-
|Vollfarbenanteil
|Vierfarbendruck
|Vielfarbenfink
|Vier-Farben-Satz
|Vordergrundfarbe
|Vorstreichfarbe
|Vorzugsfarbe
|Waffenfarbe
|Wagenfarbe
|Wandfarbe
|Wandtafelfarbe
|Wäschestempelfarbe
|Wasserfarbe
|Wasserglasfarbe
|Weinfarbe
|Winterfarbe
|Zahnfarbe
|Zahnfleischfarbe
|Zeitungsdruckfarbe
|Zinkfarbe
|Zinkstaubfarbe
|Zweifarben-
|Zweifarbenfruchttaube
|Zweifarben-Fruchttaube
|Zweifarbendruck
|Zweifarbenkolibri
|Zweifarbensehen
|zweifarbensichtig
|Zweikomponentenfarbe
|Zweitfarbe
|Zwischenfarbe
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|be|фарба}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|farba}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|фарба}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|farba}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|фарба}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|farba}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|farba}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|farba}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|фарба}}
====參見====
{{table:colors/de}}
* {{l|de|Buntheit}}
* {{l|de|Vielfarbigkeit}}
* {{l|de|Kariertheit}}
* {{l|de|Streifen}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:Kluge 1891}}
bl4ex6oiwe50rq67aswg9xpdg08klg8
Lawine
0
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TongcyBot
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sclb= → sclang=
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{{also|lawine}}
==德语==
===词源===
源自{{der|de|gsw|Lauwin}},源自{{der|de|gmh|lowin}}、{{m|gmh||*lawene}}(对比{{cog|bar|Laun}}、{{m|bar|Lan}}),源自{{der|de|goh|lowin}}、{{m|goh|lewina}},源自{{der|de|la-lat|labina}},源自{{der|de|la|lābī||滑}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/laˈviːnə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Lawine.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|de|iːnə|s=3}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|f}}
# [[雪崩]]
# {{lb|de|比喻义}} [[大量]]
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|de|Lawinengalerie}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|bg|лавина}}
* {{desc|cs|lavina}}
* {{desc|da|lavine}}
* {{desc|nl|lawine}}
* {{desc|en|lauwine}}、{{l|en|lawine}}
* {{desc|et|laviin}}
* {{desc|it|lavina}}
* {{desc|hu|lavina}}
* {{desc|lv|lavīna}}
* {{desc|lt|lavina}}
* {{desc|lb|Lawin}}
* {{desc|no|lavine}}
* {{desc|pl|lawina}}
* {{desc|ru|лави́на}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|лавина|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|lavina|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|lavína}}
* {{desc|sv|lavin}}
{{bottom}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
gbu70y9jvfo3axyd4eg2ygnhoptlpqd
bestimmten
0
297340
9935834
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2026-10-01T07:19:00Z
Sayonzei
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|[bəˈʃtɪmtn̩]|[bəˈʃtɪmtən]}}
* {{audio|de|De-bestimmten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|bestimmt}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|bestimmt}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|bestimmen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
lywb4iewzbx5afykcfm22i1l65qxriq
produzieren
0
298663
9935976
5009418
2026-10-01T08:00:51Z
Jeuwre
48455
詞源, 變位, 延伸閱讀
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==德语==
===詞源===
* {{IPA|de|[pʁoduˈt͡siːʁən]}}
* {{rhymes|de|iːʁən|s=4}}
* {{audio|de|De-produzieren2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|pro|du|zie|ren}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
#生产、制造、做、造
#表演、扮演
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
btnjwx30hhkvqosuclg36aicywebe8b
auslöschen
0
300537
9935904
6037450
2026-10-01T07:39:49Z
Sayonzei
40728
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text/x-wiki
==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|aus-|löschen}}
{{prefix|de|aus|löschen}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|[ˈʔaʊsˌlœʃən]}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|aus|lö|schen}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|aus.löschen}}
# {{lb|de|及物}} [[熄滅]]
#: {{syn|de|löschen|ablöschen}}
# {{lb|de|及物|higher register}} [[關]](燈等)
#: {{syn|de|ausschalten}}
# {{lb|de|及物|literal}} [[抹去]],[[擦]]去
# {{lb|de|及物|比喻}} [[磨滅]],[[抹除]],[[抹殺]],[[消滅]]
#: {{syn|de|vernichten}}
====變位====
{{de-conj|aus.löschen}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|((aus.löschen<sein>,aus.löschen<lischt#losch,geloschen,lösche.sein>))}}
# {{lb|de|不及物|literal|_|or|_|比喻}} [[熄滅]]
#: {{syn|de|verlöschen|erlöschen}}
====變位====
{{de-conj|((aus.löschen<sein>,aus.löschen<lischt#losch,geloschen,lösche.sein>))}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:OpenThesaurus}}
* {{R:de:Duden|ausloeschen_loeschen_ausschalten|auslöschen, löschen, ausschalten}}
* {{R:de:Duden|ausloeschen_verloeschen|auslöschen, verlöschen}}
9ejnfosezpspth9f0n0ypjv56fc3ttm
秉
0
311400
9935905
9661260
2026-10-01T07:40:20Z
Fglffer
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{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=115|rad=禾|as=03|sn=8|four=20907|canj=HDL,XHDL|ids=⿱丿𣏃,⿻禾⺕}}
====衍生字====
* {{charlist|sc=Hani|㨀棅}}
{{col-top|1|額外衍生字}}
* {{charlist|𠶏𣶸𤊔𤖉𤦋𥟱𥪕𰹖𨧺𫅚𥡝𫱤𦱮}}
{{col-bottom}}
====來源====
{{Han ref|kx=0849.210|dkj=24932|dj=1272.170|hdz=42592.050|sbgy=316.05|ch=9880002.02|uh=79C9}}
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|alt=𥝐,𣏲,𦱮,𬼌,𬼞,𥡝}}
===字源===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|禾|又|t1=植物|t2=手|ls=ic}} — 一隻手握著植物的莖。對照:{{zh-l|*兼}},一隻手握著兩根植物。
===詞源===
與{{och-l|柄|把手}}同源,{{och-l|秉|掌握}}的外向被動。
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=bǐng
|c=bing2
|md=bīng
|mn=péng
|mn-t=bêng2
|w=sh:5pin
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n,v,cls,pn
}}
===釋義===
{{head|zh|漢字}}
# 成[[把]]、成[[束]]的[[穀物]]
# 古代[[計算]][[容量]]的[[單位]](1秉為16斛)
# 用手[[握住]]
# [[把握]],[[掌握]]
# [[保持]],[[堅持]]
# [[主持]]
# [[根據]],[[依循]]
# {{surname|zh}}
===組詞===
{{col3|zh|一秉至公|伊秉綬|內秉堅孤|公秉|披秉|當風秉燭|秉公|秉公無私|秉國|秉彝|秉心|秉性|秉承|秉持|秉文|秉正|秉燭|秉燭夜遊|秉燭達旦|秉笏披袍|秉筆|秉筆直書|秉臺衡|秉要執本|秉賦|秉鈞|秉鉞|秉鐸|風中秉燭}}
==日語==
===漢字===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=禾03}}
# [[拿取]]
# [[綑綁]]
# [[守護]],[[保護]]
# 古代[[計算]][[容量]]的[[單位]](1秉為16斛)
====讀法====
{{ja-readings
|goon=ひょう
|kanon=へい
|kun=とる
}}
==朝鮮語==
===漢字===
{{ko-hanja|병}}
# {{rfdef|ko|sort=禾03}}
==越南語==
===漢字===
{{vi-readings|rs=禾03|reading=[[bỉnh]], [[bảnh]]}}
# {{rfdef|vi|sort=禾03}}
l1wkql8lfw5a012fwxft0xrncz5nh68
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{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=115|rad=禾|as=03|sn=8|four=20907|canj=HDL,XHDL|ids=⿱丿𣏃,⿻禾⺕}}
====衍生字====
* {{charlist|sc=Hani|㨀棅}}
{{col-top|1|額外衍生字}}
* {{charlist|𠶏𣶸𤊔𤖉𤦋𥟱𥪕𰹖𨧺𫅚𥡝𫱤𦱮}}
{{col-bottom}}
====來源====
{{Han ref|kx=0849.210|dkj=24932|dj=1272.170|hdz=42592.050|sbgy=316.05|ch=9880002.02|uh=79C9}}
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|alt=𥝐,𣏲,𦱮,𬼌,𬼞}}
===字源===
{{Han etym}}
{{Han compound|禾|又|t1=植物|t2=手|ls=ic}} — 一隻手握著植物的莖。對照:{{zh-l|*兼}},一隻手握著兩根植物。
===詞源===
與{{och-l|柄|把手}}同源,{{och-l|秉|掌握}}的外向被動。
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=bǐng
|c=bing2
|md=bīng
|mn=péng
|mn-t=bêng2
|w=sh:5pin
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n,v,cls,pn
}}
===釋義===
{{head|zh|漢字}}
# 成[[把]]、成[[束]]的[[穀物]]
# 古代[[計算]][[容量]]的[[單位]](1秉為16斛)
# 用手[[握住]]
# [[把握]],[[掌握]]
# [[保持]],[[堅持]]
# [[主持]]
# [[根據]],[[依循]]
# {{surname|zh}}
===組詞===
{{col3|zh|一秉至公|伊秉綬|內秉堅孤|公秉|披秉|當風秉燭|秉公|秉公無私|秉國|秉彝|秉心|秉性|秉承|秉持|秉文|秉正|秉燭|秉燭夜遊|秉燭達旦|秉笏披袍|秉筆|秉筆直書|秉臺衡|秉要執本|秉賦|秉鈞|秉鉞|秉鐸|風中秉燭}}
==日語==
===漢字===
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=禾03}}
# [[拿取]]
# [[綑綁]]
# [[守護]],[[保護]]
# 古代[[計算]][[容量]]的[[單位]](1秉為16斛)
====讀法====
{{ja-readings
|goon=ひょう
|kanon=へい
|kun=とる
}}
==朝鮮語==
===漢字===
{{ko-hanja|병}}
# {{rfdef|ko|sort=禾03}}
==越南語==
===漢字===
{{vi-readings|rs=禾03|reading=[[bỉnh]], [[bảnh]]}}
# {{rfdef|vi|sort=禾03}}
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{{also|alevín}}
==英語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|en|fr|alevin}}。
===發音===
* {{enPR|ăl'-ə-vən|a=US}}、{{IPA|en|/ˈæl.ə.vən/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alevin.wav|a=Southern England}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# [[魚苗]],[[魚秧]](特別是鮭魚/三文魚)
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aeilnv|Lavine|alvine|leavin'|levain|valine|veinal|venial|vineal}}
{{C|en|魚}}
==法語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|fr|la-vul|*allevamen}},等價於 {{af|la|allevare|-men|nocat=1}};{{m|la||allevare|舉起}} 在通俗拉丁語中受到 {{m|la|elevare||教育}} 的影響,發展出「撫養(幼體)」的含義。其中的 ''-i-'' 則反映了 {{m|la|nutrimen}} 的影響。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-Paris--alevin.ogg|a=Paris}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[魚苗]],[[魚秧]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fr|alevinage}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ca|aleví|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|alevin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|alevino|bor=1}}、{{desc|pt|alevim|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|alevín|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ro|fr|alevin}}。
===名詞===
{{ro-noun|m|alevini}}
# [[魚苗]],[[魚秧]]
====變格====
{{ro-noun-m}}
==低地蘇格蘭語==
===數詞===
{{head|sco|數詞}}
# {{obsolete form of|sco|eleeven}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Dictionary of the Scots Language|pos=num|accessdate=7 June 2024|source=DOST}}
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{{also|Appendix:"aman"的變體}}
{{minitoc}}
==阿坎語==
===名詞===
{{head|ak|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|ak|ɔman|t=國家}}
==阿爾巴尼亞語==
===詞源===
通常作[[呼格]],[[詩歌]]用語。{{bor+|sq|ota|امان|tr=amân}},源自{{der|sq|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。<ref>{{R:sq:Bufli-Rocchi|page=40}}</ref>
===感嘆詞===
{{head|sq|感嘆詞}}
# [[憐憫]]
# 發發[[慈悲]]吧!
# [[噢]]!
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
{{az-variant|аман|a-cls=امان}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|az|ar|أَمَان}}。{{root|az|ar|ء م ن}}
===發音===
* {{az-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{az-noun}}
# [[憐憫]];[[寬恕]]
#: {{syn|az|rəhm|mərhəmət}}
# {{lb|az|古舊}} [[和平]],[[安全]]{{gl|沒有危險或暴力}},[[安定]]
#: {{syn|az|əmin-amanlıq|əmniyyət|təhlükəsizlik|dinclik}}
# {{lb|az|古舊}} 允許的[[延遲]],[[推遲]],(獲准)做某事的[[機會]]
#: {{syn|az|möhlət|macal|imkan}}
# {{lb|az|古舊}} [[力量]],[[精力]]
#: {{syn|az|taqət|qüvvət|güc}}
====變格====
{{az-decl-noun|a|n}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col4|az|amansız|amansızca|amansızcasına|amansızlıq}}
===感嘆詞===
{{head|az|感嘆詞}}
# 發發[[慈悲]]吧!
# [[噢]]!
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:az:ADIL|page=111}}
* {{R:az:Azleks}}
==宿霧語==
===發音===
* {{hyph|ceb|a|man}}
===動詞===
{{head|ceb|動詞}}
# [[預期]];[[期待]]
==東鄉語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sce|xgn-pro|*aman}},參見{{cog|mn|ам}}。
===發音===
* {{sce-IPA|amaŋ}}
===名詞===
{{sce-noun}}
# [[嘴]]
# [[邊緣]]
{{c|sce|臉}}
==東部裕固語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|yuy|xgn-pro|*aman}}。
===名詞===
{{head|yuy|名詞}}
# [[嘴]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:yuy:Junast:1981|page=93}}
{{c|yuy|臉}}
==世界語==
===發音===
{{eo-pr|a=LL-Q143 (epo)-TranqyPoo-aman.wav}}
===形容詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{eo-form of|am|an}}
==福加哈語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ber-fog|ber-pro|*ama-n}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ber-fog|名詞|g=m-p}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|ber-fog|水}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
#{{gl-verb form of|amar}}
==加達梅斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|gha|ber-pro|*ama-n}}。
===名詞===
{{head|gha|名詞|g=p}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|gha|水}}
==哈努諾語==
===詞源===
對照{{cog|ms|aman}}。
===發音===
{{hnn-pr}}
===名詞===
{{hnn-noun|b=+}}
# [[小心]];[[謹慎]]
#: {{syn|hnn|andam}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:hnn:Conklin 1953|page=27}}
==印尼語==
===詞源===
{{root|id|ar|ء م ن}}
{{inh+|id|ms|aman}},{{inh+|id|ms-cla|امان|tr=aman}},源自{{der|id|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。<ref>{{cite-book|author=Erwina Burhanuddin|author2=Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan|author3=R.B. Chrismanto|title=Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia|trans-title=Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian|year=1993|publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|location=Jakarta|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29420936|isbn=979-459-296-X|oclc=29420936}}</ref> 對照{{der|id|phi-pro|*áman||小心的,謹慎的}}。<ref>Look: https://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-s_a1.htm?zoom_highlight=áman</ref>
===發音===
* {{IPA|id|/a.man/}}
* {{rhymes|id|man|s=2}}
* {{hyph|id|a|man}}
===形容詞===
{{head|id|形容詞|比較級|[[lebih]] aman|最高級|[[paling]] aman|or|teraman|同等級|seaman}}
# [[安全]]的;[[可靠]]的
====派生詞彙====
{{col|id
|amankan<t:使安全>
|keamanan<t:安全>
|peraman
|pengaman
|pengamanan
|teramankan
}}
===感嘆詞===
{{head|id|感嘆詞}}
# {{lb|id|口語}} 一切都好;[[沒問題]]
#: {{ux|id|- '''Aman''' tidak?<br>- '''Aman''', semuanya sudah terkendali!|— '''沒問題'''吧?<br>— '''沒事''',一切盡在掌握!}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}
==卡拜爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|kab|ber-pro|*ama-n}}。
===發音===
* {{kab-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=p}}
# [[水]]
#: {{uxa|kab|Mi akken ay d-yenna '''aman''', nettat tefka-as '''aman'''.|當他說「'''水'''」時,她就給了他'''水'''。}}
====屈折====
{{kab-infl-noun|waman}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
{{C|kab|水}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-alt}}
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# {{spelling of|kk|拉丁字母|аман|t=[[安全]]的}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|amān}}
===名詞===
{{head|la|名詞變格形|head=amān}}
# {{infl of|la|amās||acc|s}}
==馬來語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ms|ms-cla|امان|tr=aman}},源自{{der|ms|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|/aman/}}
* {{rhymes|ms|aman|man|an|s=2}}
===形容詞===
{{ms-adj|j=امان}}
# [[和平]]的,[[平靜]]的
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:PRPM}}
==內富沙語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|jbn|ber-pro|*ama-n}}。
===名詞===
{{head|jbn|名詞|g=p}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|jbn|水}}
==努比因語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fia|onw|ⲁⲙⲁⲛ-}}。
===名詞===
{{head|fia|名詞|head=ámán|科普特字母|ⲁⲙⲁⲛ|阿拉伯字母|امان|f1sc=Copt|f2sc=Arab}}
# [[水]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fia|Aman dawū|lit=大水|t=尼羅河}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|fia|水}}
==北庫爾德語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|kmr|hy|աման}}。
===發音===
* {{kmr-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{kmr-noun|m|ar=ئامان}}
# [[器皿]],[[容器]],[[罐]]
#: {{syn|kmr|derdank|devank}}
# {{lb|kmr|複數}} [[盤子]],[[碟子]]
#: {{syn|kmr|firax}}
====變格====
{{kmr-decl-noun|m}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:xcl:HAB|ամալ|vol=I|page=144a}}
* {{R:ku:Justi|امان|page=20a}}
* {{R:kmr:Chyet:2020|aman|vol=1|page=8}}
* {{R:ku:Rizgar|page=22b}}
{{C|kmr|容器}}
==北撒哈拉柏柏爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mzb|ber-pro|*am-an}}。
===名詞===
{{head|mzb|名詞|g=m-p}} {{tlb|mzb|Mzab|Wargla|Figuig|Gourara}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* S. Biarnay, ''[https://archive.org/details/tudesurledialec00biargoog Etude sur le dialecte berbère de Ouargla]'', Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1908, page 170
* Maarten Kossmann, ''Grammaire du parler berbère de Figuig (Maroc oriental)'' (1997), page 265
{{C|mzb|水}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ro|ota|امان|tr=amân}},源自{{der|ro|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。
===感嘆詞===
{{head|ro|感嘆詞}}
# 發發[[慈悲]]吧!
==森哈加語==
===詞源===
{{ety|sjs|:inh|ber-pro:*ama-n|tree=+|text=++}}
===發音===
* {{sjs-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{sjs-head|名詞|g=m|pl=-}}
# [[水]]
#: {{uxa|sjs|Ɣur-i iger ibejbej s '''waman'''.|我有一塊注滿'''水'''的田。}}
====變格====
{{sjs-infl-noun|waman}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|sjs
|taḥeffirt n waman<t:水坑><lit:水洞>
|aherdan n waman<t:海豹;大田鱉><lit:水狗>
|rrbiɛ n waman<t:綠藻><lit:水草>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sjs:Webonary}}
* {{R:sjs:Gutova:2021}}
{{c|sjs|水}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sh|ota|امان|tr=amân}},源自{{der|sh|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/ǎmaːn/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|a|man}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|àmān|m-in}}
# [[憐憫]]
# [[慈悲]]
# [[同情]]
# [[寬恕]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|àmān|amani
|amána|amana
|amanu|amanima
|aman|amane
|amane|amani
|amanu|amanima
|amanom|amanima
}}
===感嘆詞===
{{sh-intj|àmān}}
# 看在上帝的份上!{{gl|表示驚訝}}
# {{gl|請求憐憫、幫助或寬恕時}}:
## 發發[[慈悲]]吧!
## 救救我!
## 對不起!
# [[上帝]]啊,我向上帝發誓!{{gl|用以加強語氣,如發誓一般}}
===引文===
* {{see citations|sh}}
==西威語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|siz|ber-pro|*am-an}}。
===名詞===
{{head|siz|名詞|g=p|head=amán}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|siz|水}}
==索克納語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|swn|ber-pro|*am-an}}。
===名詞===
{{head|swn|名詞|g=m-p}}
# [[水]]
{{C|swn|水}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|amar}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{ety|rif|:inh|ber-pro:*ama-n|text=+|tree=1}}
===發音===
{{rif-pr}}
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=p}}
# [[水]]
# {{lb|rif|引申}} 任何[[液體]]
====屈折====
{{rif-infl-noun|pl=1|waman}}
===參考資料===
* {{R|rif|Serhoual:2002}}
* {{R|rif|Abarrou:2024}}
{{C|rif|水}}
==施盧赫語==
{{swp|shi:}}
{{img|image=Water droplet.jpg|caption={{l|shi|[[yat|يات]] [[timqqit|تمقّيت]] [[n|ن]] [[aman|وامان]].|tr=yat tmqqit n waman|t=水滴}}}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|shi|:inh|shi-med:امان<tr:aman><t:水><ety:inh<ber-pro:*ama-n<t:水>>>|text=++|tree=1}}
===發音===
* {{shi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{shi-head|名詞|g=p|annex=waman}}
# [[水]]
#: {{uxa|shi|تڭيت ام '''وامان'''، تحليت يغ تزدّيڭت، تشقّيت يغ تنڭيت.|tr=tgit am '''waman''', tḥlit iɣ tzddigt, tcqit iɣ tngit.|t=你就像'''水'''一樣,純潔時美麗,氾濫時艱險。}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|shi
|aman n marur<t:海市蜃樓>
|aman n tarwa<t:精液>
|skr aman <t:排尿>
|tislit n waman<t:彩虹>
|aman n tfiyyi<t:肉湯>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:shi:DBTF|I|page=252b}}
{{C|shi|水}}
==陶蘇格語==
===發音===
{{tsg-pr}}
===動詞===
{{tsg-verb}}
# [[煮沸]]
==德頓語==
===詞源===
源自 ''*ama'',與{{cog|nia|ama}} 和{{cog|tl|ama}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{head|tet|名詞}}
# [[父親]]
{{C|tet|家庭}}
==圖阿雷格語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|tmh|âman||尼日爾}}
* {{alt|tmh|ⵎⵏ||提非納文}}
* {{alt|tmh|امن||阿拉伯文}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|tmh|ber-pro|*ama-n}}。
===名詞===
{{tmh-head|名詞|g=p}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:afa:EBCS|page=38|chapter=Toward the discussion of the Berber-Nubian lexical parallels|author=Václav Blažek}}
{{C|tmh|水}}
==土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|tr|ota|امان|tr=amân}},源自{{der|tr|ar|أَمَان||寧靜,平靜}}。
===名詞===
{{tr-noun|ı|-}}
# [[憐憫]]
# [[饒命]]
===感嘆詞===
{{head|tr|感嘆詞|head=aman!}}
# [[噢]]!
# [[拜託]]!
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==法語==
===詞源===
來自{{af|fr|arrondir|-ment}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-arrondissement.ogg|音訊}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# ([[巴黎]]等大城市的)[[區]]
# 使成[[整數]],四舍五入
====同義詞====
{{col3|fr|
|arr
|arr.
}}
====派生詞====
{{col3|fr|
|arr
|arr.
|scrutin d'arrondissement
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|арондисман|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|arrondissement|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Arrondissement|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|arondisment|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|арондисма́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|арондисман}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|arondisman}}
* {{desc|tr|arondisman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|арондісма́н|bor=1}}
===拓展閲讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
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ballon
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{{also|Ballon|ballón}}
==法語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fr|frm|ballon}}。{{doublet|fr|balloune}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-ballon.ogg|audio}}
* {{rhymes|fr|ɔ̃|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# 球,皮球;气球;圆底烧瓶;球形玻璃杯,该杯中饮料n.m. (法国孚日山脉中的)圆形顶峰,有圆形顶峰的山
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|balonë}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gsw|Balung}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|بالون|tr=bālūn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|aii|ܒܵܠܘܿܢܵܐ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|балон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bwa|balo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|baló}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|balón}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|da|ballon}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|nl|ballon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|ballon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|μπαλόνι}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ha|balan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|balon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|balons}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|balionas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|балон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|ballong}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|بالون|tr=balon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|بالون|tr=bâlon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|balão}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|balon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|балон}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|balon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|balón}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|balon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|ballong}}
{{desc-bottom}}
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==法语==
===词源===
{{root|fr|ine-pro|*mer-}}
{{inh+|fr|frm|cauchemare}},源自{{inh|fr|fro|cauquemare}}。{{surf|fr|cauque|mar|nocat=1}}。对比{{cog|wa|tchôcmwår}}。
* 前半部分源自{{m+|fro|cauche|w=1}},源自动词{{m|fro|chauchier||压}},源自{{der|fr|la|calcare||踩踏}},源自{{m|la|calx||后跟}},其词源不详;
* 后半部分源自{{der|fr|frk|*marā|t=恶灵}},源自{{der|fr|gmw-pro|*marā}},源自{{der|fr|gem-pro|*marǭ||噩梦}},源自{{der|fr|ine-pro|*mor-||女性恶魂}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*mer-||死}},与同形异义词{{cog|en|mare|}}有关。参见该词条。
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA|cochemar|+}}<ref>{{R:fr:TLFi}}</ref>
* {{audio|fr|Fr-cauchemar.ogg|(法国巴黎)音频}}
* {{homophones|fr|cauchemars}}
* {{hyphenation|fr|cauche|mar}}
===名词===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[噩梦]],[[梦魇]]
#: {{ant|fr|rêve}}
#: {{ux|fr|Je n'ai pas pu dormir hier soir parce que j'ai fait trop de '''cauchemars.'''|t=我昨晚没睡着,因为一直在做'''噩梦'''。}}
#: {{ux|fr|C'était un rêve ou un '''cauchemar''' ?|t=是梦还是'''噩梦'''?}}
#: {{ux|fr|Il a remué toute la nuit, je crois qu'il a fait des '''cauchemars.'''|t=他昨晚一直在翻身子,我觉得他应该是做'''噩梦'''了。}}
#: {{ux|fr|J'ai eu un accident ce matin! Je vais bien mais ça a été un vrai '''cauchemar!'''|t=我今早出事故了!我没事,但是真的糟透了!}}
====用法说明====
{{m|fr|cauchema}}一般与及物动词{{m|fr|[[faire]]}}连用,而不是{{m|fr|avoir}}。
====衍生词汇====
{{der-top}}
* {{l|fr|cauchemardant}}
* {{l|fr|cauchemardement}}
* {{l|fr|cauchemarder}}
* {{l|fr|cauchemardesque}}
{{der-bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|be|кашмар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|кошмар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|koŝmaro|bor=1}}
* {{desc|et|košmaar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lt|košmaras|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|кошмар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|koszmar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|coșmar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|кошмар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|კოშმარი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|кошмар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|košmar|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|кошмар|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uk|кошмар|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
{{C|fr|睡眠}}
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==俄語==
===詞源===
{{af|ru|боль|-ница}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|больни́ца}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-больница.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|больни́ца|adj=больни́чный|dim=больни́чка}}
# [[醫院]]
#: {{syn|ru|го́спиталь<qq:通常用於軍事>|;|кли́ника}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[ложи́ться]] [[в]] '''больни́цу'''|去醫院 (住院)}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|больни́ца}}
{{ru-noun-table|больни́ца|old=1}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|больно́й}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|բալնիցա|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|балница|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|boljnitsa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|больниц|sclang=1}},
*: {{desc|mn|ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠨᠢᠼᠠ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|балыыһа|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|建築|醫學}}
hkte6oahqiwncozeuvdjdber1byt70n
борщ
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{{also|борш}}
==蒙古語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|mn|борш||非標準}}
===詞源===
來自{{bor|mn|ru|борщ}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# [[羅宋湯]]
====使用說明====
{{mn-щ}}
====變格====
{{mn-decl|борщ<r.bor.sg>}}
{{C|mn|湯}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
[[Image:Borscht with cream.jpg|thumb|Борщ со [[сметана|сметаной]].|upright=1.15]]
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|борщъ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*bъrščь}},原意為「獨活」,接著指「獨活湯」,之後意思又變為「甜菜湯」,來自{{inh|ru|ine-bsl-pro|*bursktis}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-борщ.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|b|adj=борщево́й|dim=бо́рщик|dim2=борще́ц|dim3=борщо́к}}
# [[羅宋湯]]
# {{lb|ru|dated}} [[獨活]] ({{taxlink|Heracleum sphondylium|species}})
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|b}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|բորշ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|борш|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|boršč|bor=1}}
* {{desc|csb|bôršč|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|боршч|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|борщ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бо̏ршч|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȍršč|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|boršč|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sl|boršč|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|芹科植物|湯}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|sla-pro|*bъrščь}},原意為「獨活」,接著指「獨活湯」,之後意思又變為「甜菜湯」,來自{{inh|uk|ine-bsl-pro|*bursktis}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-борщ.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|борщ<b.genu>|adj=борще́вий|adj2=борщови́й|adj3=борщівни́й|dim=бо́рщик|dim2=борще́ць}}
# [[羅宋湯]]
# [[獨活]] (''[[Heracleum sphondylium]]'')
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|борщ<b.genu>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|uk|борщівни́к|g=m}}, {{l|uk|борщівни́ця|g=f}} {{gloss|銷售羅宋湯;喜歡羅宋湯}}
* {{l|uk|борщува́ти|g=impf}} {{gloss|喝羅宋湯}}
* {{l|uk|перебо́рщувати|g=impf}}, {{l|uk|переборщи́ти|g=pf}} {{gloss|過火,過度}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:EDUL|борщ|179|1}}
* {{R:uk:SUJa|*борщ*}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{topics|uk|芹科植物|湯}}
==雅庫特語==
{{wikipedia|lang=sah}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|sah|ru|борщ}},來自{{der|sah|orv|борщь}},來自{{der|sah|sla-pro|*bъrščь}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sah|/bu͡oɾɕː/|[bu͡o̞ɾɕː]}}
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# [[羅宋湯]]
====變格====
{{sah-decl|борщ|борщ|борщ|low1=а|low2=а|high1=у|high2=ы|l1=т|l2=т|t=т|n=|k=к|tt=т|epenth1=у|epenth2=ы}}
====替代寫法====
* {{alter|sah|буорус}}
{{topics|sah|湯}}
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==德语==
===词源===
{{affix|de|Spitz|-el}}.
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʃpɪtsl̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Spitzel.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|de|Spit|zel}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|m}}
# {{diminutive of|de|nocap=1|Spitz|t={{w|Spitz (Hund)|lang=de|狗的种类}},丝毛犬}}
# [[线人]],[[间谍]]
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|m}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|de|spitzeln}}、{{l|de|bespitzeln}}
====后代词汇====
* {{desc|cs|špicl|bor=1}}、{{l|cs|špic}}、{{l|cs|špiclík}}
* {{desc|hu|spicli|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|szpicel|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|шпѝцл|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|špìcl|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|špiceľ|bor=1}}
* {{desc/sl-tonal|špícəlj|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|шпі̀цель|bor=1}},也常作{{l|uk|шпик}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{pedialite|lang=de}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
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{{also|schiene}}
==德语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|de|goh|skina}},源自{{inh|de|gem-pro|*skinō}}。与{{cog|nl|scheen}}、{{cog|en|shin}}同源。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʃiːnə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Schiene.ogg}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|f||Schienen}}
{{wikipedia|lang=de|Schiene}}
# 其上方有某物移动的物体:
## {{lb|de|铁路}} [[铁轨]]
## {{lb|de|机械}} [[齿轨]],[[齿条]]
# 支撑物体的物体或长的结构体:
## {{lb|de|医学|指用来固定骨头等的}} [[夹板]]
## {{lb|de|木艺}} [[支架]]
# {{lb|de|电力}} [[母线]]
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|de|Beinschiene}}
* {{l|de|Armschiene}}
* {{l|de|Sammelschiene}}
* {{l|de|Schienbein}}
* {{l|de|schienen}}
* {{l|de|Schienenersatzverkehr}}
* {{l|de|Schienenverkehr}}
* {{l|de|Schienenwolf}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|sín}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|шина}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|szyna}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|șină}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|шина}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|шина}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|šina}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
{{C|de|鐵路運輸}}
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|[bəˈʃtɪmtə]}}
* {{audio|de|De-bestimmte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|bestimmt}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|bestimmt}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|bestimmen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
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==朝鮮語==
{{wp|ko:}}
===詞源===
{{ko-etym-sino|四書五經}}。
===發音===
{{ko-IPA|l=y|cap=y}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hanja=四書五經}}
# [[四書五經]]
====同類詞彙====
{{list:Four Books and Five Classics/ko}}
{{c|ko|儒教}}
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==朝鲜语==
===詞源===
{{ko-etym-sino|赤|紅色|信號|信號燈,交通燈}}。
===發音===
{{ko-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hanja=赤信號}}
# [[紅燈]]
# {{lb|ko|比喻}} 表示[[危險]]的信號
====近義詞====
* {{ko-l|적색신호|赤色信號}}
* {{ko-l|빨간불}}
====相关术语====
* {{ko-l|신호등|信號燈}}
* {{ko-l|청신호|靑信號}}
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==朝鲜语==
===词源===
{{ko-etym-sino|主體||性|suffix=y}}。
===发音===
{{ko-IPA}}
===名词===
{{ko-noun|hanja=主體性}}
# [[主體性]]
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==朝鲜语==
===詞源===
{{ko-etym-sino|靑|藍色|信號|信號燈,交通燈}}。
===發音===
{{ko-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hanja=靑信號}}
# [[綠燈]]
# {{lb|ko|比喻}} [[順利]][[進行]]的[[徵兆]]
====近義詞====
* {{ko-l|녹색신호|綠色信號}}
* {{ko-l|초록불}}
* {{ko-l|파란불}}
====相关术语====
* {{ko-l|신호등|信號燈}}
* {{ko-l|적신호|赤信號}}
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畢竟
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=毕竟}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=bìjìng
|ma=Zh-bìjìng.ogg
|c=bat1 ging2
|mn=pit-kèng
|px=pt,xy:bih6 ging4
|w=sh:7piq cin
|mc=y
|cat=adv
}}
===副詞===
{{head|zh|副詞}}
# 表示[[追根究底]]後的[[結論]]、不變的[[事實]],或強調在某種情況下(通常與預期相反)的最終[[結果]]
#: {{zh-x|這 畢竟 不是 他 的 東西{xi},他 當然 不會 愛惜 了。|}}
====近義詞====
{{syn-saurus|zh|畢竟}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|表示追根究底後的結論、不變的事實}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|فِي النِّهَايَة}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|al capdavall}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t|nl|per slot van rekening}}、{{t+|nl|uiteindelijk}}、{{t+|nl|immers}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|after all}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|post ĉiom}}、{{t|eo|finfine}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|loppujen lopuksi}}、{{t+|fi|kuitenkin}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|après tout}}、{{t+|fr|finalement}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t+|gl|ao cabo}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|immerhin}}、{{t+|de|schließlich}}、{{t+|de|allerdings}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|πάντως}}、{{t+|el|τέλος πάντων}}、{{t|el|στο κάτω κάτω}}
* 希伯來語:{{t|he|סוף סוף|tr=sof sof}}
* 印地語:{{t|hi|आख़िर}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|elvégre}}、{{t+|hu|végül is}}、{{t|hu|végtére is}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|dopo tutto}}、{{t+|it|dopotutto}}、{{t+|it|in fin dei conti}}、{{t+|it|alla fine}}、{{t|it|nonostante tutto}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|やはり|tr=yahari}}、{{t+|ja|やっぱり|tr=yappari}}、{{t+|ja|結局|tr=けっきょく, kekkyoku}}、{{t+|ja|所詮|tr=しょせん, shosen}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t|ko|결국에는}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|denum}}、{{t+|la|denique}}、{{t+|la|tandem}}
* 拉脫維亞語:{{t|lv|galu galā}}
* 馬爾他語:{{t|mt|wara kollox}}、{{t|mt|warakollox}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|te mea ai}}
* 諾曼語:{{t|nrf|oprès tout}} {{qualifier|根西}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|w końcu}}、{{t+|pl|przecież}}、{{t+|pl|wszak}}、{{t+|pl|wszakże}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|afinal}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t|ro|în definitiv}}、{{t|ro|la o adică}}、{{l|ro|la urma urmei}}、{{t|ro|până la urmă}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|ведь}}、{{t+|ru|в конце́ концо́в}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:{{t|sh|nakon svega}} {{qualifier|克羅地亞}}、{{t|sh|после свега|tr=posle svega}} {{qualifier|塞爾維亞}}
* 西班牙語:{{t|es|después de todo}}、{{t+|es|al final}}、{{t|es|al fin y al cabo}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|när allt kommer omkring}}、{{t|sv|trots allt}}
* 他加祿語:{{t|tl|pagkatapos ng lahat}} {{qualifier|literally}}、{{t|tl|tutal}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t+|ur|آخر|tr=āxir}}
* 威爾士語:{{t|cy|wedi'r cwbl}}、{{t|cy|wedi'r cyfan}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|נאָך אַלץ}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{zh-cat|Intermediate}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|ひつ|きょう|k1=ひっ|y=kanon,goon}}
===發音===
{{ja-pron|ひっきょう|acc=0|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}}
===副詞===
{{ja-pos|副詞|ひっきょう|hhira=ひつきやう}}
# [[畢竟#漢語|畢竟]]
#: {{syn|ja|詰まる所|詰まり|所詮|結局}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0005906200|<sup>▲</sup>畢<sup>▲</sup>竟}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=필경}}
# {{hanja form of|필경}}
6zndjijzw4mvln0mqii2emet80b4lsx
成功
0
583749
9934839
9926762
2026-09-30T15:38:18Z
Jiba1219
110530
/* 日語 */
9934839
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
{{zh-wp|zh|nan:Sêng-kong-tìn}}
{{wikiquote}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=chénggōng
|dg=чын1гун1
|c=sing4 gung1
|ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-成功.wav
|h=pfs=sṳ̀n-kûng;hrs=h:shin gungˋ
|md=sìng-gŭng
|mn=ml,tw,jj,ph:sêng-kong
|mn-t=sêng5 gong1
|px=pt,xy:sing2 gorng1
|w=sh:6zen kon
|ma=Zh-chénggong.ogg
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=v,n,a,pn
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# [[獲得]]/[[贏得]]成功
#: {{zh-x|付款 成功。|}}
#: {{zh-x|那 次 抗議 沒 成功。|}}
#: {{zh-x|雖然 我們 不敢 說 你 一定 會 成功 ,但是 也 絕對 沒有 人 敢 說 你 一定 不會 成功!|}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[完成]][[任務]]
#* {{zh-x|東 漸 于 海,西 被 于 流沙,朔 南 暨 聲教 訖 于 四海。禹 錫 玄圭,告 厥 '''成功'''。|東方進到大海,西方進到大漠,他的名聲和影響遍及四海。禹獻上了玄圭,宣告了任務完成。|CL|ref=Shangshu}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[收穫]];[[收割]][[莊稼]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[允許]],[[准許]];[[答應]]
====反義詞====
* {{s|獲得成功}} {{zh-l|失敗}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَجَحَ}}
*: 埃及阿拉伯語:{{t|arz|نجح|tr=nagaḥ}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t|az|alınmaq}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успявам}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|reeixir}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|uspět}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|succeed}}
* 世界語:{{t+|eo|sukcesi}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|menestyä}}、{{t+|fi|onnistua}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|réussir}}、{{t|fr|avoir du succès}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t+|gl|conseguir}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t-needed|ka}}
* 德語:[[erfolgreich]] [[sein]], [[Erfolg]] [[haben]], {{t+|de|gelingen}}、{{t+|de|geraten}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυγχάνω}}、{{t+|el|καταφέρνω}}、{{t+|el|κατορθώνω}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|הִצְלִיחַ|tr=hitzlíaḥ}}、{{t|he|עָשָׂה חַיִל|tr='asá ḥáyil}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|sikerül}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|riuscire}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|alt=成功する|tr=せいこうする, seikō-suru}}
* 高棉語:{{t+|km|សម្រេច}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공하다}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: 中庫爾德語:{{t|ckb|سەرکەوتن}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|succēdō}}、{{t|la|vigeō}}
* 傣仂語:{{t|khb|ᦺᦡᧉᦡᦲ}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|tutuki}}
* 諾曼語:{{t|nrf|rêussi}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spōwan}}
* 奧羅莫語:{{t|om|milkaa'uu}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|dać radę|pf}}、{{t+|pl|poradzić sobie|pf}}、{{t+|pl|udać się|pf}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t|pt|[[ter]]/[[obter]] [[sucesso]]/[[êxito]]}}、{{t+|pt|conseguir}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|reuși}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|преуспе́ть}}、{{qualifier|非完整體}} {{t|ru|достига́ть це́ли}}、{{qualifier|完整體}} {{t|ru|дости́чь це́ли}}
* 撣語:{{t|shn|ထိုင်ယိူင်းမၢႆ}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t+|sl|uspeti}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|conseguir}}、{{t|es|tener éxito}}
* 斯瓦希里語:{{t+|sw|fanikiwa}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|lyckas}}
* 泰語:{{t|th|ประสบความสำเร็จ}}、{{t+|th|ได้ดี}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[成就]][[功業]]
#: {{zh-x|取得 成功|}}
#: {{zh-x|沒有 成功,哪 來 的 幸福?|}}
#: {{zh-x|失敗 乃 成功 之 母。|}}
#: {{zh-x|最後,預祝 大會 獲得 圓滿 成功!|}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[成績]],[[功績]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[效果]],[[成效]]
====翻譯====
{{trans-top}}
* 南非語:{{t+|af|sukses}}
* 阿爾巴尼亞語:{{t+|sq|sukses|m}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَجَاح|m}}
* 亞美尼亞語:{{t+|hy|հաջողություն}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t+|az|uğur}}、{{t|az|müvəffəqiyyət}}
* 巴什基爾語:{{t|ba|уңыш}}
* 巴斯克語:{{t|eu|arrakasta}}
* 白俄羅斯語:{{t|be|по́спех|m}}
* 孟加拉語:{{t+|bn|কামিয়াবি}}、{{t|bn|সফলতা|tr=śôphôlôta}}、{{t|bn|সাফল্য|tr=śaphôllô}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успе́х}}
* 緬甸語:{{t+|my|ဇေယျ}}、{{t+|my|အောင်ပန်း}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|succés|m}}、{{t+|ca|èxit|m}}
* 車臣語:{{t|ce|аьтто}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|úspěch|m}}、{{t+|cs|zdar|m}}
* 丹麥語:{{t+|da|succes|c}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t+|nl|succes|n}}、{{t|nl|welgang|m}}、{{t|nl|goed gevolg|n}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|success}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|edu}}
* 法羅語:{{t|fo|gott úrslit|n}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|menestys}}、{{t+|fi|onnistuminen}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|succès|m}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t|gl|éxito|m}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|წარმატება}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|Erfolg|m}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυχία|f}}
*: 古希臘語:{{t|grc|εὐπραγία|f}}
* 海地克里奧爾語:{{t|ht|siksè}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|הַצלָחָה|f|tr=hatslakhá}}
* 印地語:{{t+|hi|सफलता|f}}、{{t|hi|सफ़लता|f}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|eredmény}}、{{t+|hu|kimenetel}}、{{t+|hu|siker}}
* 冰島語:{{t+|is|árangur|m}}
* 印尼語:{{t+|id|keberhasilan}}、{{t+|id|sukses}}
* 印古什語:{{t|inh|аьттув}}
* 因特語:{{t|ia|successo}}
* 愛爾蘭語:{{t|ga|áitheas|m}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|successo|m}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|tr=せいこう, seikō}}
* 卡納達語:{{t+|kn|ಯಶಸ್ಸು}}
* 哈薩克語:{{t|kk|жетістік}}、{{t+|kk|табыс}}
* 高棉語:{{t+|km|ជោគជ័យ}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공(成功)}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: 中庫爾德語:{{t|ckb|سەرکەوتن}}
* 吉爾吉斯語:{{t+|ky|ийгилик}}、{{t+|ky|жетишкендик}}
* 拉蒂諾語:{{t|lad|reushita}}、{{t|lad|reushidad}}、{{t|lad|sukseso}}
* 老撾語:{{t|lo|ຄວາມສຳເລັດ}}、{{t|lo|ຜົນສຳເລັດ}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|successus|m}}、{{t+|la|fructus}}
* 拉脫維亞語:{{t|lv|veiksme|f}}
* 立陶宛語:{{t|lt|sėkmė|f}}
* 盧森堡語:{{t|lb|Erfolleg|m}}、{{t|lb|Succès|m}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|успех|m}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|angitu}}
* 馬拉地語:{{t|mr|यश}}
* 蒙古語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t+|mn|амжилт}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語:{{t+|nb|suksess|m}}
*: 新挪威語:{{t+|no|suksess|m}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spēd|f}}
* 普什圖語:{{t|ps|کامراني|f|tr=kāmrāni}}
* 波斯語:{{t+|fa|موفقیت|tr=movaffaqiyat}}、{{t|fa|سوکسه|tr=sukse}} {{qualifier|罕用}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|powodzenie|n}}、{{t+|pl|sukces|m}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|sucesso|m}}、{{t+|pt|êxito|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|succes|n}}、{{t|ro|succese|n-p}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|успе́х|m}}、{{t+|ru|уда́ча|f}}
* 盧森尼亞語:{{t|rue|у́спіх}}
* 梵語:{{t+|sa|स्वस्ति|n}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|у̀спех|m}}、{{t|sh|у̀спјех|m}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{t+|sh|ùspeh|m}}、{{t+|sh|ùspjeh|m}}
* 斯洛伐克語:{{t|sk|úspech|m}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t+|sl|uspeh|m}}
* 索布語:
*: 下索布語:{{t|dsb|wuspěch|m}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|éxito|m}}、{{t+|es|acierto|m}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|framgång|c}}、{{t+|sv|succé|c}}
* 他加祿語:{{t+|tl|tagumpay}}
* 塔吉克語:{{t|tg|муваффақият}}
* 泰米爾語:{{t+|ta|வெற்றி}}
* 韃靼語:{{t+|tt|уңыш}}
* 泰盧固語:{{t|te|లక్ష్యాన్ని చేరుట}}
* 泰語:{{t+|th|ความสำเร็จ}}、{{t|th|ผลสำเร็จ}}
* 土耳其語:{{t+|tr|başarı}}、{{t+|tr|sükse}}
* 土庫曼語:{{t|tk|üstünlik}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|у́спіх|m}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t|ur|کامْیابی|tr=kāmyābī}}
* 維吾爾語:{{t|ug|ئۇتۇق}}、{{t|ug|مۇۋەپپەقىيەت}}
* 烏茲別克語:{{t+|uz|muvaffaqiyat}}、{{t+|uz|yutuq}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công|alt=sự thành công}}
* 沃拉普克語:{{t+|vo|plöp}}
* 威爾士語:{{t+|cy|llwyddiant|m}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|הצלחה|f|tr=hatslokhe}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===形容詞===
{{head|zh|形容詞}}
# 獲得成功的
#: {{zh-x|一 個 很 成功 的 人|}}
#: {{zh-x|他 成功 獲得 ^哈佛 ^大學 獎學金,前往 ^美國 深造。|}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَاجِح}}、{{t|ar|فَائِز}}、{{t|ar|مُوَفَّق}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t+|az|uğurlu}}、{{t|az|müvəffəqiyyətli}}
* 巴斯克語:{{t|eu|arrakastatsu}}
* 白俄羅斯語:{{t|be|паспяхо́вы}}
* 孟加拉語:{{t+|bn|সফল}}、{{t+|bn|কামিয়াব}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успе́шен}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|reeixit}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|úspěšný}}
* 丹麥語:{{t|da|succesfuld}}、{{t|da|succesrig}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t+|nl|succesvol}}、{{t+|nl|geslaagd}}、{{t+|nl|gelukt}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|successful}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|sukcesa}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|edukas}}、{{t|et|õnnestunud}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|onnistunut}}、{{t|fi|menestynyt}}、{{t|fi|menestyvä}}
* 法語:{{t|fr|ayant du [[succès]]}}、{{t|fr|marqué de [[succès]]}}、{{t+|fr|couronné de succès}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|წარმატებული}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|erfolgreich}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυχημένος}}、{{t+|el|επιτυχών}}
*: 古希臘語:{{t|grc|οὔριος}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|מוצלח|tr=mutzlákh}}
* 印地語:{{t+|hi|सफल}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|sikeres}}、{{t+|hu|eredményes}}
* 印尼語:{{t+|id|berhasil}}
* 愛爾蘭語:{{t|ga|áitheasach}}
* 意大利語:{{t|it|di successo}}、{{t|it|coronato dal successo}}、{{t+|it|riuscito}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|tr=せいこうした, seikō shita|alt=成功した}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공적(成功的)}}、{{t+|ko|성공하다|alt=성공(成功)한}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|prosper}}、{{t|la|prosperus}}
* 傣仂語:{{t|khb|ᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈ}}、{{t|khb|ᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈᦔᦲᧃᦡᦲ}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|у́спешен}}
* 馬來語:{{t+|ms|berjaya}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|momoho}}、{{t|mi|angitu}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語:{{t|no|vellykket}}
*: 新挪威語:{{t|nn|vellukka}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spēdiġ}}
* 波斯語:{{t+|fa|موفق|tr=movaffaq}}、{{t+|fa|کامگار|tr=kâmgâr}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|udany}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|bem-sucedido}}、{{t+|pt|conseguido}}、{{t+|pt|próspero|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|reușit}}、{{t+|ro|izbutit}}、{{t|ro|[[plin]] [[de]] [[succes]]}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|успе́шный}}、{{t+|ru|благополу́чный}}、{{t+|ru|уда́чный}}
* 梵語:{{t+|sa|सफल}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|успешан}}、{{t|sh|успјешан}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{t+|sh|uspešan}}、{{t+|sh|uspješan}}
* 斯洛伐克語:{{t|sk|úspešný|m}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t|sl|uspešen}}
* 西班牙語:{{t|es|exitoso}}、{{t+|es|logrado}}、{{t+|es|afortunado}}、{{t|es|de éxito}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|lyckad}}、{{t+|sv|framgångsrik}}
* 土耳其語:{{t|tr|muvaffaklar|p}}、{{t+|tr|muvaffak}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|успі́шний}}、{{t|uk|вда́тний}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t|ur|سپھل|tr=saphal}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|הצלחהדיק|tr=hatslokhedik}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===專有名詞===
{{zh-proper noun}}
# {{zh-div|鎮}} {{place|zh|鎮|county/臺東|c/臺灣}}
# {{zh-div|村}} {{place|zh|村|subdistrict/蔡甸|區/蔡甸|sub-provincial city/武漢|p/湖北|c/中國}}
===衍生詞===
{{col3|zh|成功率|成功嶺|馬到成功|迄未成功|失敗是成功之母}}
===參見===
* {{zh-l|功成|tr=gōngchéng}}
* {{zh-l|功成名就|tr=gōngchéngmíngjiù}}
===派生詞===
{{CJKV||せいこう|성공|thành công}}
{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|せい|こう|yomi=kanon}}
===詞源===
來自{{der|sort=せいこう|ja|ltc|成功|tr=d͡ʑiᴇŋ kuŋ}}。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|せいこう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|せいこう}}
# [[完成]]
====同義詞====
* {{sense|完成}} {{ja-r|完成|かんせい}}, {{ja-r|成し遂げる|なしとげる}}
====反義詞====
* {{sense|完成}} {{ja-r|失敗|しっぱい}}
====衍生詞====
* {{ja-r|勤勉は成功の母|きんべん は せいこう の はは}}
* {{ja-r|失敗は成功のもと|しっぱい は せいこう の もと}}
* {{ja-r|成功報酬|せいこう ほうしゅう}}
* {{ja-r|成功裏|せいこうり}}, {{ja-r|成功裡|せいこうり}}
* {{ja-r|不成功|ふせいこう}}
===動詞===
{{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|せいこう}}
# [[完成]]
#: {{ja-usex|[[製品]][[の#詞源2|の]][[開発]][[に#詞源2|に]]'''成功した'''[[。]]|せいひん の かいはつ に '''せいこう した'''。|商品研發'''成功'''。}}
====活用====
{{ja-suru|せいこう}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:Shogakukan}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=성공}}
# {{hanja form of|성공|}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===動詞===
{{vi-verb|sc=Hani}}
# {{han tu form of|thành công|}}
2cx4zx3xo5alc04lp3e6pmygk29vs7n
9934949
9934839
2026-09-30T16:09:20Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 漢語 */
9934949
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
{{zh-wp|zh|nan:Sêng-kong-tìn}}
{{wikiquote}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=chénggōng
|dg=чын1гун1
|c=sing4 gung1
|ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-成功.wav
|h=pfs=sṳ̀n-kûng;hrs=h:shin gungˋ
|md=sìng-gŭng
|mn=ml,tw,jj,ph:sêng-kong
|mn-t=sêng5 gong1
|px=pt,xy:sing2 gorng1
|w=sh:6zen kon
|ma=Zh-chénggong.ogg
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=v,n,a,pn
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# [[獲得]]/[[贏得]]成功
#: {{zh-x|付款 成功。|}}
#: {{zh-x|那 次 抗議 沒 成功。|}}
#: {{zh-x|雖然 我們 不敢 說 你 一定 會 成功 ,但是 也 絕對 沒有 人 敢 說 你 一定 不會 成功!|}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[完成]][[任務]]
#* {{zh-x|東 漸 于 海,西 被 于 流沙,朔 南 暨 聲教 訖 于 四海。禹 錫 玄圭,告 厥 '''成功'''。|東方進到大海,西方進到大漠,他的名聲和影響遍及四海。禹獻上了玄圭,宣告了任務完成。|CL|ref=Shangshu}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[收穫]];[[收割]][[莊稼]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[允許]],[[准許]];[[答應]]
====反義詞====
* {{s|獲得成功}} {{zh-l|失敗}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|獲得成功}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَجَحَ}}
*: 埃及阿拉伯語:{{t|arz|نجح|tr=nagaḥ}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t|az|alınmaq}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успявам}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|reeixir}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|uspět}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|succeed}}
* 世界語:{{t+|eo|sukcesi}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|menestyä}}、{{t+|fi|onnistua}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|réussir}}、{{t|fr|avoir du succès}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t+|gl|conseguir}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t-needed|ka}}
* 德語:[[erfolgreich]] [[sein]], [[Erfolg]] [[haben]], {{t+|de|gelingen}}、{{t+|de|geraten}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυγχάνω}}、{{t+|el|καταφέρνω}}、{{t+|el|κατορθώνω}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|הִצְלִיחַ|tr=hitzlíaḥ}}、{{t|he|עָשָׂה חַיִל|tr='asá ḥáyil}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|sikerül}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|riuscire}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|alt=成功する|tr=せいこうする, seikō-suru}}
* 高棉語:{{t+|km|សម្រេច}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공하다}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: 中庫爾德語:{{t|ckb|سەرکەوتن}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|succēdō}}、{{t|la|vigeō}}
* 傣仂語:{{t|khb|ᦺᦡᧉᦡᦲ}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|tutuki}}
* 諾曼語:{{t|nrf|rêussi}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spōwan}}
* 奧羅莫語:{{t|om|milkaa'uu}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|dać radę|pf}}、{{t+|pl|poradzić sobie|pf}}、{{t+|pl|udać się|pf}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t|pt|[[ter]]/[[obter]] [[sucesso]]/[[êxito]]}}、{{t+|pt|conseguir}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|reuși}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|преуспе́ть}}、{{qualifier|非完整體}} {{t|ru|достига́ть це́ли}}、{{qualifier|完整體}} {{t|ru|дости́чь це́ли}}
* 撣語:{{t|shn|ထိုင်ယိူင်းမၢႆ}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t+|sl|uspeti}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|conseguir}}、{{t|es|tener éxito}}
* 斯瓦希里語:{{t+|sw|fanikiwa}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|lyckas}}
* 泰語:{{t|th|ประสบความสำเร็จ}}、{{t+|th|ได้ดี}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[成就]][[功業]]
#: {{zh-x|取得 成功|}}
#: {{zh-x|沒有 成功,哪 來 的 幸福?|}}
#: {{zh-x|失敗 乃 成功 之 母。|}}
#: {{zh-x|最後,預祝 大會 獲得 圓滿 成功!|}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[成績]],[[功績]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} [[效果]],[[成效]]
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|成就功業}}
* 南非語:{{t+|af|sukses}}
* 阿爾巴尼亞語:{{t+|sq|sukses|m}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَجَاح|m}}
* 亞美尼亞語:{{t+|hy|հաջողություն}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t+|az|uğur}}、{{t|az|müvəffəqiyyət}}
* 巴什基爾語:{{t|ba|уңыш}}
* 巴斯克語:{{t|eu|arrakasta}}
* 白俄羅斯語:{{t|be|по́спех|m}}
* 孟加拉語:{{t+|bn|কামিয়াবি}}、{{t|bn|সফলতা|tr=śôphôlôta}}、{{t|bn|সাফল্য|tr=śaphôllô}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успе́х}}
* 緬甸語:{{t+|my|ဇေယျ}}、{{t+|my|အောင်ပန်း}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|succés|m}}、{{t+|ca|èxit|m}}
* 車臣語:{{t|ce|аьтто}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|úspěch|m}}、{{t+|cs|zdar|m}}
* 丹麥語:{{t+|da|succes|c}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t+|nl|succes|n}}、{{t|nl|welgang|m}}、{{t|nl|goed gevolg|n}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|success}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|edu}}
* 法羅語:{{t|fo|gott úrslit|n}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|menestys}}、{{t+|fi|onnistuminen}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|succès|m}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t|gl|éxito|m}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|წარმატება}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|Erfolg|m}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυχία|f}}
*: 古希臘語:{{t|grc|εὐπραγία|f}}
* 海地克里奧爾語:{{t|ht|siksè}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|הַצלָחָה|f|tr=hatslakhá}}
* 印地語:{{t+|hi|सफलता|f}}、{{t|hi|सफ़लता|f}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|eredmény}}、{{t+|hu|kimenetel}}、{{t+|hu|siker}}
* 冰島語:{{t+|is|árangur|m}}
* 印尼語:{{t+|id|keberhasilan}}、{{t+|id|sukses}}
* 印古什語:{{t|inh|аьттув}}
* 因特語:{{t|ia|successo}}
* 愛爾蘭語:{{t|ga|áitheas|m}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|successo|m}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|tr=せいこう, seikō}}
* 卡納達語:{{t+|kn|ಯಶಸ್ಸು}}
* 哈薩克語:{{t|kk|жетістік}}、{{t+|kk|табыс}}
* 高棉語:{{t+|km|ជោគជ័យ}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공(成功)}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: 中庫爾德語:{{t|ckb|سەرکەوتن}}
* 吉爾吉斯語:{{t+|ky|ийгилик}}、{{t+|ky|жетишкендик}}
* 拉蒂諾語:{{t|lad|reushita}}、{{t|lad|reushidad}}、{{t|lad|sukseso}}
* 老撾語:{{t|lo|ຄວາມສຳເລັດ}}、{{t|lo|ຜົນສຳເລັດ}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|successus|m}}、{{t+|la|fructus}}
* 拉脫維亞語:{{t|lv|veiksme|f}}
* 立陶宛語:{{t|lt|sėkmė|f}}
* 盧森堡語:{{t|lb|Erfolleg|m}}、{{t|lb|Succès|m}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|успех|m}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|angitu}}
* 馬拉地語:{{t|mr|यश}}
* 蒙古語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t+|mn|амжилт}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語:{{t+|nb|suksess|m}}
*: 新挪威語:{{t+|no|suksess|m}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spēd|f}}
* 普什圖語:{{t|ps|کامراني|f|tr=kāmrāni}}
* 波斯語:{{t+|fa|موفقیت|tr=movaffaqiyat}}、{{t|fa|سوکسه|tr=sukse}} {{qualifier|罕用}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|powodzenie|n}}、{{t+|pl|sukces|m}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|sucesso|m}}、{{t+|pt|êxito|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|succes|n}}、{{t|ro|succese|n-p}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|успе́х|m}}、{{t+|ru|уда́ча|f}}
* 盧森尼亞語:{{t|rue|у́спіх}}
* 梵語:{{t+|sa|स्वस्ति|n}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|у̀спех|m}}、{{t|sh|у̀спјех|m}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{t+|sh|ùspeh|m}}、{{t+|sh|ùspjeh|m}}
* 斯洛伐克語:{{t|sk|úspech|m}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t+|sl|uspeh|m}}
* 索布語:
*: 下索布語:{{t|dsb|wuspěch|m}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|éxito|m}}、{{t+|es|acierto|m}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|framgång|c}}、{{t+|sv|succé|c}}
* 他加祿語:{{t+|tl|tagumpay}}
* 塔吉克語:{{t|tg|муваффақият}}
* 泰米爾語:{{t+|ta|வெற்றி}}
* 韃靼語:{{t+|tt|уңыш}}
* 泰盧固語:{{t|te|లక్ష్యాన్ని చేరుట}}
* 泰語:{{t+|th|ความสำเร็จ}}、{{t|th|ผลสำเร็จ}}
* 土耳其語:{{t+|tr|başarı}}、{{t+|tr|sükse}}
* 土庫曼語:{{t|tk|üstünlik}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|у́спіх|m}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t|ur|کامْیابی|tr=kāmyābī}}
* 維吾爾語:{{t|ug|ئۇتۇق}}、{{t|ug|مۇۋەپپەقىيەت}}
* 烏茲別克語:{{t+|uz|muvaffaqiyat}}、{{t+|uz|yutuq}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công|alt=sự thành công}}
* 沃拉普克語:{{t+|vo|plöp}}
* 威爾士語:{{t+|cy|llwyddiant|m}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|הצלחה|f|tr=hatslokhe}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===形容詞===
{{head|zh|形容詞}}
# 獲得成功的
#: {{zh-x|一 個 很 成功 的 人}}
#: {{zh-x|他 成功 獲得 ^哈佛 ^大學 獎學金,前往 ^美國 深造。|}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|獲得成功的}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|نَاجِح}}、{{t|ar|فَائِز}}、{{t|ar|مُوَفَّق}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t+|az|uğurlu}}、{{t|az|müvəffəqiyyətli}}
* 巴斯克語:{{t|eu|arrakastatsu}}
* 白俄羅斯語:{{t|be|паспяхо́вы}}
* 孟加拉語:{{t+|bn|সফল}}、{{t+|bn|কামিয়াব}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|успе́шен}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|reeixit}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|úspěšný}}
* 丹麥語:{{t|da|succesfuld}}、{{t|da|succesrig}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t+|nl|succesvol}}、{{t+|nl|geslaagd}}、{{t+|nl|gelukt}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|successful}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|sukcesa}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|edukas}}、{{t|et|õnnestunud}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|onnistunut}}、{{t|fi|menestynyt}}、{{t|fi|menestyvä}}
* 法語:{{t|fr|ayant du [[succès]]}}、{{t|fr|marqué de [[succès]]}}、{{t+|fr|couronné de succès}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|წარმატებული}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|erfolgreich}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|επιτυχημένος}}、{{t+|el|επιτυχών}}
*: 古希臘語:{{t|grc|οὔριος}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|מוצלח|tr=mutzlákh}}
* 印地語:{{t+|hi|सफल}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|sikeres}}、{{t+|hu|eredményes}}
* 印尼語:{{t+|id|berhasil}}
* 愛爾蘭語:{{t|ga|áitheasach}}
* 意大利語:{{t|it|di successo}}、{{t|it|coronato dal successo}}、{{t+|it|riuscito}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|成功|tr=せいこうした, seikō shita|alt=成功した}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|성공적(成功的)}}、{{t+|ko|성공하다|alt=성공(成功)한}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|prosper}}、{{t|la|prosperus}}
* 傣仂語:{{t|khb|ᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈ}}、{{t|khb|ᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈᦔᦲᧃᦡᦲ}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|у́спешен}}
* 馬來語:{{t+|ms|berjaya}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|momoho}}、{{t|mi|angitu}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語:{{t|no|vellykket}}
*: 新挪威語:{{t|nn|vellukka}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|spēdiġ}}
* 波斯語:{{t+|fa|موفق|tr=movaffaq}}、{{t+|fa|کامگار|tr=kâmgâr}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|udany}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|bem-sucedido}}、{{t+|pt|conseguido}}、{{t+|pt|próspero|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|reușit}}、{{t+|ro|izbutit}}、{{t|ro|[[plin]] [[de]] [[succes]]}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|успе́шный}}、{{t+|ru|благополу́чный}}、{{t+|ru|уда́чный}}
* 梵語:{{t+|sa|सफल}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|успешан}}、{{t|sh|успјешан}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{t+|sh|uspešan}}、{{t+|sh|uspješan}}
* 斯洛伐克語:{{t|sk|úspešný|m}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t|sl|uspešen}}
* 西班牙語:{{t|es|exitoso}}、{{t+|es|logrado}}、{{t+|es|afortunado}}、{{t|es|de éxito}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|lyckad}}、{{t+|sv|framgångsrik}}
* 土耳其語:{{t|tr|muvaffaklar|p}}、{{t+|tr|muvaffak}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|успі́шний}}、{{t|uk|вда́тний}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t|ur|سپھل|tr=saphal}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|thành công}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|הצלחהדיק|tr=hatslokhedik}}
{{trans-bottom}}
===專有名詞===
{{zh-proper noun}}
# {{zh-div|鎮}} {{place|zh|鎮|county/臺東|c/臺灣}}
# {{zh-div|村}} {{place|zh|村|subdistrict/蔡甸|區/蔡甸|sub-provincial city/武漢|p/湖北|c/中國}}
===衍生詞===
{{col3|zh|成功率|成功嶺|馬到成功|迄未成功|失敗是成功之母}}
===參見===
* {{zh-l|功成|tr=gōngchéng}}
* {{zh-l|功成名就|tr=gōngchéngmíngjiù}}
===派生詞===
{{CJKV||せいこう|성공|thành công}}
{{zh-cat|Elementary}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|せい|こう|yomi=kanon}}
===詞源===
來自{{der|sort=せいこう|ja|ltc|成功|tr=d͡ʑiᴇŋ kuŋ}}。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|せいこう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|せいこう}}
# [[完成]]
====同義詞====
* {{sense|完成}} {{ja-r|完成|かんせい}}, {{ja-r|成し遂げる|なしとげる}}
====反義詞====
* {{sense|完成}} {{ja-r|失敗|しっぱい}}
====衍生詞====
* {{ja-r|勤勉は成功の母|きんべん は せいこう の はは}}
* {{ja-r|失敗は成功のもと|しっぱい は せいこう の もと}}
* {{ja-r|成功報酬|せいこう ほうしゅう}}
* {{ja-r|成功裏|せいこうり}}, {{ja-r|成功裡|せいこうり}}
* {{ja-r|不成功|ふせいこう}}
===動詞===
{{ja-verb-suru|tr=intrans|せいこう}}
# [[完成]]
#: {{ja-usex|[[製品]][[の#詞源2|の]][[開発]][[に#詞源2|に]]'''成功した'''[[。]]|せいひん の かいはつ に '''せいこう した'''。|商品研發'''成功'''。}}
====活用====
{{ja-suru|せいこう}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:Shogakukan}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=성공}}
# {{hanja form of|성공|}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===動詞===
{{vi-verb|sc=Hani}}
# {{han tu form of|thành công|}}
359eynw16ask0tzbvx5arfkkxrdifsr
採用
0
590152
9934831
8937495
2026-09-30T14:42:12Z
Jiba1219
110530
/* 日語 */
9934831
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=采用}}
===讀音===
{{zh-pron
|m=cǎiyòng
|c=coi2 jung6
|h=pfs=chhái-yung;hrs=h:caiˊ rhung˖
|mn=chhái-iōng/xm,qz,twv:chhái-ēng
|mn-t=cai2 êng7
|w=sh:5tshe ion
|cat=v
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# [[選取]],[[選用]],[[任用]]
====翻譯====
{{翻译-顶}}
* 英语:[[adopt]], [[use]], [[introduce]]
* 俄语:[[применять]]; [[пользоваться]]
{{翻译-底}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|さい|よう|yomi=o,kanon}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|さいよう}}
# [[#漢語|採用]],[[選用]]
#* '''1942'''年,{{lang|ja|石原莞爾「最終戦争論・戦争史大観」}}:
#*: {{ja-usex|この二つの手段が主として'''採用'''されるのであります。|この ふたつ の しゅだん が しゅとして '''さいよう''' される の で あります。|主要採用的是這兩個手段。}}
# [[僱用]]
#* '''1952'''年,{{lang|ja|相馬愛蔵「私の小売商道」}}:
#*: {{ja-usex|私の店では毎年高等小学卒業生を二十三名'''採用'''する。|わたし の みせ で は まいとし こうとう しょうがく そつぎょうせい を に じゅう さん めい '''さいよう''' する。|我們店每年都僱用二十三名高等小學畢業生。}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|僱用}} {{ja-r|雇用|こよう}}
===動詞===
{{ja-verb-suru|さいよう}}
# [[#漢語|採用]],[[選用]]
# [[僱用]]
====活用====
{{ja-suru|さいよう}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Shogakukan}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=채용}}
# {{hanja form of|채용|僱用;採用}}
expco3fxv0s3hruxcjbbolbk3stkmnw
兜鍪
0
608938
9934828
8294289
2026-09-30T13:26:02Z
徐元昊
122104
修正筆誤
9934828
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōumóu
|c=dau1 mau4
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|archaic}} 古時[[戰士]]戴的[[頭盔]],形如鍪,用以[[防禦]][[兵刃]]
#* {{zh-x|令 三百 人 皆 被{pī}甲 兜鍪,操 劍-盾 而 立,告 以 軍法,隨 鼓 進退,左右 迴旋,使 知 其 禁。|({{w|孙武}})命令三百名妃子都穿上鎧甲,戴上'''頭盔''',站著操練劍和盾牌,以軍事規則指導她們,命令她們跟隨著鼓聲前進後退、左轉和右轉,讓她們知道禁忌。|CL|ref=東漢·{{w|趙曄}}《{{w|吳越春秋}}·[[s:吳越春秋/闔閭內傳|闔閭內傳]]》}}
# {{lb|zh|archaic|figurative}} [[士兵]]
#* {{zh-x|年少 萬 兜鍪,坐斷 東南 戰 未 休。|({{w|孙权}})青年時期率領千軍萬馬,據守東南,堅持抗戰不向敵人低頭。|CL|ref=宋·{{w|辛棄疾}}《[[s:南鄉子 (辛棄疾)|南鄉子·登京口北固亭有懷]]》}}
kwvb5e9msyirud31ama7jx9omb44hbb
佛蘭西
0
623542
9935767
8125384
2026-10-01T03:13:14Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935767
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=佛兰西}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Fólánxī
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|zh|專有名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[法國]]
21afpt5fnkgtnsgb5ehl6vj7c6xjov4
9935801
9935767
2026-10-01T06:59:26Z
Sayonzei
40728
/* 漢語 */
9935801
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=佛兰西}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Fólánxī
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|zh|專有名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[法國]]
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=irr,o,irr|ふつ|k1=ふ|らん|す|ateji=y}}
{{ja-see|フランス}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-pos|proper|hangeul=불란서}}
# {{hanja form of|^불란서}}
crw3fl4gt029tb1bfd3h82tvsdpi973
昏定晨省
0
633838
9934832
8431150
2026-09-30T14:42:17Z
Fglffer
55252
9934832
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|alt=晨昏定省|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《禮記.曲禮上》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}} |ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
qia84po8elmy0ihdazc2r6wh2tgbj8a
9934833
9934832
2026-09-30T14:42:31Z
Fglffer
55252
9934833
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|alt=晨昏定省|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《禮記.曲禮上》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
a9zqlnln03lch1r38mx5sujs9er7jqr
9934835
9934833
2026-09-30T14:45:53Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 漢語 */
9934835
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=22|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《禮記.曲禮上》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
pzujgu9wfmillocufoiqouwbkfi9itb
9934836
9934835
2026-09-30T14:47:03Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 漢語 */
9934836
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=22|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
22abh4ule4de1qds2nmiqpnrkwc0w0o
9934838
9934836
2026-09-30T14:48:34Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 同義詞 */
9934838
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=22|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
* {{zh-l|冬溫夏凊}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
cn94cq9u39u20ww8iin4bpmsl61mmvu
9934937
9934838
2026-09-30T16:07:05Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 詞源 */
9934937
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=22|lit=晚間服侍父母就寢,早晨向父母請安}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為{wéi} 人子 之 禮,冬溫 而 夏凊,@'''昏定''' 而 @'''晨省'''。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床;'''傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況'''。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=hūndìngchénxǐng
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 指[[子女]][[侍奉]][[父母]]的[[日常]][[禮節]]
#* {{zh-x|孝 者 侍養 雙親,昏定晨省,冬溫夏凊,以 報 生身 之 恩。|3=WVC|ref=《孤本元明雜劇.群仙朝聖.頭折》}}
#* {{zh-x|為{wéi} 人子 者,冬溫夏清,昏定晨省,出入 扶持,請 席 請 衽,也 有 個 一定 的 儀節。|ref=Ernv Yingxiongzhuan}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|晨昏定省}}
* {{zh-l|冬溫夏凊}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|85914}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=혼정신성}}
# {{hanja form of|혼정신성}}
i45tjcijn6n698ji5wglyu21grvgzm1
就義
0
639240
9934830
8146729
2026-09-30T14:27:35Z
Fglffer
55252
9934830
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=就义}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=jiùyì
|c=zau6 ji6
|mn=ml:chiū-gī
|cat=v
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# 為了[[正義]]而[[犧牲]][[生命]]
#: {{zh-x|英勇 就義}}
====同義詞====
{{syn-saurus|zh|死亡}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=취의}}
# {{hanja form of|취의}}
pwt583caeu3xuagv8i66vxi4a97sq1a
蛞蝓
0
645800
9935755
9931853
2026-09-30T23:58:29Z
Fglffer
55252
9935755
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
{{wp|zh:}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=kuòyú
|c=kut3 jyu4
|mn=twk:khoat-jû
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# 屬於腹足綱({{taxfmt|Gastropoda|class}})的[[軟體動物]],[[雌雄同體]],[[外表]]看起來像無殼[[蝸牛]]
====同義詞====
{{zh-dial}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|海蛞蝓}}
====派生語彙====
{{CJKV|||활유}}
{{C|zh|腹足綱}}
==日語==
{{swp|ja:}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=juku|なめくじ2}}
===詞源===
似乎是{{compound|ja|なめ|tr1=name|くぢ|tr2=kudji}}的複合詞。最早記載於西元900年代末期的《{{m|ja|枕草子|tr=Makura no Sōshi}}》。<ref name="NKDc">{{R:ja:NKD Concise}}</ref>
* 討論該詞源的日本資料一致認為,第一個詞素「name」很可能源自以下兩者:{{m|ja|舐める|tr=nameru||舔}}或{{m|ja|滑らか|tr=nameraka||滑溜,光滑}},此說法是基於蛞蝓的移動方式。<ref name="GYJ">{{R:ja:GYJ|ナメクジ/蛞蝓/なめくじ|namekuji}}</ref><ref name="NJ">{{R:Nihon Jiten|ナメクジ・蛞蝓|46560}}</ref>
* 後半部「kudji」的意思不明。相關理論包括:
** 可能源自動詞{{m|ja|抉る|tr=kujiru||鑽孔或挖出,在某物上打洞}},源於蛞蝓在啃食植物時會留下一連串孔洞的現象。<ref name="GYJ"/><ref name="NJ"/>
*: 然而,動詞「kujiru」的歷史假名寫法為「{{ja-r|くじる}}」,其動詞詞幹為「{{ja-r|くじり|linkto=-}}」,而非動物名稱中見到的「{{m|ja||くぢ|tr=kudji}}」。
** 可能源自名詞{{m|ja|鯨|tr=kujira||鯨魚}},來自相似的外型。<ref name="NJ"/>
*: 歷史假名拼寫為{{m|ja|くぢら|tr=kudjira}}在發音上更為吻合。然而,由於體型及其他外觀上的差異,這種說法似乎不太可能。此外,另一種假名寫法「{{m|ja|なめくぢら|tr=namekudjira}}」直到1563年才見於文獻記載,<ref name="NKDc"/>這比「{{m|ja|なめくぢ|tr=namekudji}}」的首個出現案例還晚了數世紀。
** 可能源自動詞{{m|ja|朽ちる|tr=kuchiru||潰爛,腐爛}}或其動詞詞幹{{ja-r|くち|linkto=-}}。
*: 這意味著該複合詞最初經歷[[連濁]]變化而成為「nameguchi」,隨後其送氣音發生了音位轉位,從「ku」音節移至「chi」音節。雖然此類音位轉位並非前所未見(參見:{{m|ja|手伝う|tr=tetsudau||幫忙,協助}})的演變過程,但我們並無直接證據支持此說法。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|なめくじ|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR,SMK5,NHK}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|なめくじ|hist=なめくぢ}}
# 屬於腹足綱({{taxfmt|Gastropoda|class}})的[[軟體動物]],[[雌雄同體]],[[外表]]看起來像無殼[[蝸牛]]
====使用說明====
{{U:ja:biology|ナメクジ}}
===參見===
* {{ja-r|蛞蝓%魚|なめくじ%うお}}
* {{ja-r|蛞蝓に塩|なめくじ に しお}}
* {{ja-r|蝸牛|カタツムリ}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0000977000|〈<sup>▲</sup>蛞<sup>▲</sup>蝓〉}}
{{topics|ja|腹足綱|sort=なめくじ}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=활유}}
# {{hanja form of|활유}}
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==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|вагон|ۆاگون}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|ваго́н}},來自{{der|kk|fr|wagon}},來自{{der|kk|en|waggon}},來自{{der|kk|dum|wagen}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kk|[vɐˈɡon]}}
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[火車]][[車廂]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|о|н}}
{{topics|kk|運輸}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{mk-IPA|ваго`н|no_stress=1}} {{i|nonstandard}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-вагон.wav}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m|adj=вагонски|dim=вагонче}}
# [[車廂]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠸᠠᠭᠣᠨ|вагон}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|mn|ru|ваго́н}},來自{{der|mn|fr|wagon}},來自{{der|mn|en|wagon}},來自{{der|mn|dum|wāgen}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mn|/wa.ɢɔˑɴ̟/|[w̜ä.ɢɔˑɴ̟]}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# [[車廂]]
====變格====
{{rfinfl|mn|名詞}}
==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ru|ваго́нъ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|fr|wagon}},來自{{der|ru|en|waggon}},來自{{der|ru|dum|wagen}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ваго́н}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-вагон.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|ваго́н|adj=ваго́нный|dim=ваго́нчик}}
# [[車廂]]
#: {{uxi|ru|ваго́н-[[холоди́льник]]|t=冷藏車}}
#: {{uxi|ru|ваго́н-[[платфо́рма]]|t=[[平板車]],[[纜車]]}}
#: {{uxi|ru|ваго́н-[[рестора́н]]|t=餐車}}
#: {{uxi|ru|ваго́н-[[цисте́рна]]|t=坦克車|subst=цисте́рна//цистэ́рна/цисте́рна}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[бага́жный]] '''ваго́н'''|t=行李車}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[пассажи́рский]] '''ваго́н'''|t=客車}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[спа́льный]] '''ваго́н'''|t=臥車}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[това́рный]] '''ваго́н'''|t=運貨車廂,[[貨車]]}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|ваго́н}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|вагоне́тка|g=f}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|վագոն}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|vaqon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|вагон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ვაგონი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|вагон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|вагон|багөн}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|vagons}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|vagonas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mn|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|mn|вагон}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|mn|ᠸᠠᠭᠣᠨ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|alt|вагон|багон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tg|вагон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|вагон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|wagon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|vagon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|ۋاگۇن}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sah|вагон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|וואַגאָן}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{der|sh|en|wagon}},來自{{der|sh|nl|wagen}}、{{m|nl|waghen}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/ʋǎɡoːn/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ва|гон}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|ва̀го̄н|m-in}}
# [[車廂]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|вагон|вагони
|вагона|вагона
|вагону|вагонима
|вагон|вагоне
|вагоне|вагони
|вагону|вагонима
|вагоном|вагонима
}}
===來源===
* {{R:sh:HJP|f19hXRV8}}
==烏克蘭語==
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|ваго́н}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|ваго́н<>}}
# [[火車]][[車廂]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|ваго́н<>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
==雅庫特語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sah|ru|вагон}}。
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# {{lb|sah|rail transport}} [[火車]][[車廂]]
#: {{uxi|sah|[[утуй]]ар '''вагон'''|[[臥車]]}}
#: {{hol|sah|поезд|t=火車}}
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==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|bg|sla-pro|*vorta|g=n-p}},重構為陰性單數。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|врата́|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|врата́|f|dim=врати́чка}}
# [[門]],[[大門]]
#: {{syn|bg|порта}}
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|врата́<+и+а[a]>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|bg|вратар||看門人}}
* {{l|bg|вратник}}, {{l|bg|вратня||寬門}}
* {{l|bg|вратица|t=小門}} {{qualifier|指小}}
** {{desc|bg|Враца|der=1|nolang=1|t=[[w:弗拉察|弗拉察]]}}(來自較舊的寫法 Вратца,字面意思為“小門”)
====相關詞====
* {{l|bg|въртя||轉動}}
* {{l|bg|вратя}}, {{l|bg|връщам||返回}}
* {{l|bg|врат||轉動;脖子}}
* {{l|bg|врът||轉動;菜園}}
* {{l|bg|време||時間}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:BER|врата|182|1}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*vorta|g=n-p}},重構為陰性單數。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-{{PAGENAME}}.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|врати|вратиче|dim2=вратичка}}
# [[門]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f||враќ|col=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:mk:PRMLJ1999|page=52}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
[[Image:1 bis place de l'Alma (Paris).jpg|thumb|врата]]
===詞源===
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*vorta}}。
===名詞===
{{cu-noun|n-p}}
# {{lb|cu|plurale tantum}} [[門]]
#* 古教會斯拉夫語版《猶太戰史》,книга 1, 346г:
#*: {{quote|cu|затвориша '''врата''' градоу|關上城'''門'''}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|cu|двьрь}}
* {{l|cu|двьри}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|cu|вратьникъ}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|cu|вратити}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|врата́}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|cu|врата}},來自{{der|ru|sla-pro|*vorta}}。{{doublet|ru|воро́та}},其是直接繼承自東斯拉夫語的形式。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|врата́}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|врата́|n}}
# {{lb|ru|archaic|或|poetic}} [[大門]]
#: {{syn|ru|воро́та<g:n-p>}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|врата́|n}}
{{ru-noun-table|врата́|n|old=1}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|врата́рь}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*vorta}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/ʋrǎːta/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|вра|та}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|вра́та|n-p}}
# {{lb|sh|plurale tantum}} [[門]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun-plural|sc=Cyrl
|врата
|врата
|вратима
|врата
|врата
|вратима
|вратима
}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|вра̀та̄р}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|sh|a=art|ватра}}
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{{also|ґазета}}
==白俄羅斯語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|be|газэ́та||傳統正寫法}}
* {{alt|be|ґазэ́та||傳統正寫法|罕用}}
* {{alt|be|hazeta|gazeta||拉丁字母}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|be|fr|gazette}}。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|газе́та}}
* {{audio|be|Be-газета.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|газе́та<>|adj=газе́тны|dim=газе́тка}}
# {{c|be|定期刊物}} [[報紙]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|газе́та<>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|bg|it|gazzetta}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|газе́та|a=[KK]}}
* {{audio|bg|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-газета.wav}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|газе́та|f}}
# {{lb|bg|棄用}} [[報紙]];[[雜誌]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|газе́та<>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{cln|bg|含有後綴-ета的詞}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|газе́та}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f}}
# [[政府]][[公報]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|газет}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|fr|gazette}}。
===發音===
* {{audio|ru|Ru-газета.ogg}}
* {{ru-IPA|газе́та}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|газе́та|adj=газе́тный|dim=газе́тка|pej=газетёнка}}
# {{c|ru|定期刊物}} [[報紙]]
#: {{coi|ru|ежедне́вная '''газе́та'''|日'''报'''}}
#: {{coi|ru|объяви́ть че́рез '''газе́ту'''|登'''报'''声明}}
#: {{uxi|ru|Э́то помещено́ в '''газе́те'''.|这事登'''在报上'''了。}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|газе́та}}
{{ru-noun-table|газе́та|old=1}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ru|газе́тчик}}
* {{l|ru|газе́тный}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|az|qəzet|der=1}}
* {{desc|ba|гәзит|der=1}}
* {{desc|bua|газетэ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|газит|der=1}}
* {{desc|ka|გაზეთი|alt=გაზეთ-|pos=詞幹|bor=1}}、{{desc|ka|გაზეთი|pos=主格單數|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|der=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|گازەت|sc=Arab|tr=gazet|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|газет|sc=Cyrl|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ky|гезит|der=1}}
* {{desc|sjd|газет|der=1}}
* {{desc|sms|gaʹzaat|alts=1|der=1}}
* {{desc|alt|газет|der=1}}
* {{desc|tg|газета|bor=1}}
* {{desc|der=1|tt|газет|гәзит}}
* {{desc|tk|gazet|der=1}}
* {{desc|ug|گېزىت|der=1}}
* {{desc|uz|gazeta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|хаһыат|der=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|uk|ґазе́та||海外僑民寫法}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|uk|fr|gazette}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|газе́та}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-газета.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|газе́та<>|adj=газе́тний|dim=газе́тка}}
# {{c|uk|定期刊物}} [[報紙]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|газе́та<>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
===發音===
* {{be-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|гольф<sg>}}
# [[高爾夫球]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|гольф<sg>}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|гольф<>}}
# {{lb|be|通常|in the plural}} [[膝上襪]]
# 高爾夫球[[毛衣]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|гольф<>}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|гольф|گولف}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|гольф}},來自{{der|kk|en|golf}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# {{lb|kk|sport}} [[高爾夫球]]
{{C|kk|球類運動}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠭᠣᠯᠢᠹ|ᠭᠣᠯᠹ|гольф}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|гольф}},來自{{der|mn|en|golf}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# {{lb|mn|sports}} [[高爾夫球]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|mn|гольфчин}}
==俄語==
{{swp|lang=ru}}
===其他寫法===
* {{alt|ru|гольфъ||ru-PRO}}
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
* {{audio|ru|LL-Q7737 (rus)-Cinemantique-гольф.wav}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ru|en|golf}}.
====名詞====
{{ru-noun+|n=sg|adj=го́льфовый}}
# {{lb|ru|sports}} [[高爾夫球]]
=====變格=====
{{ru-noun-table|n=sg}}
=====衍生詞=====
{{der2|uk
|{{l|ru|гольфи́ст|g=m}}、{{l|ru|гольфи́стка|g=f}}
}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|kk|гольф|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|гольф|-}}
*: {{desc|mn|гольф|sclang=1|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠭᠣᠯᠢᠹ|ᠭᠣᠯᠹ|sclang=1|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{ru-noun+|adj=го́льфовый}}
# {{lb|ru|chiefly|in the plural}} [[長襪]]
=====變格=====
{{ru-noun-table}}
{{topics|ru|高爾夫球|足部穿著}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{swp|lang=uk}}
[[Image:US Open - 2008 - Rory Sabbatini (2578270445).jpg|thumb|US Open - 2008 - Rory Sabbatini (2578270445)|upright=1.15||'''гольф''']]
{{swp|Гольф (одяг)|mul=Гольфи|lang=uk}}
[[Image:Carlos Villarino.jpg|thumb|Carlos Villarino|upright=1.15|'''гольф''' (вид светра)]]
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA}}
* {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-гольф.wav}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|гольф<sg.genu:a.loci>|adj=го́льфовий}}
# {{lb|uk|sports}} [[高爾夫球]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|гольф<sg.genu:a.loci>}}
====衍生詞====
{{der2|uk
|{{l|uk|гольфі́ст|g=m}}、{{l|uk|гольфі́стка|g=f}}
}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|гольф<>}}
# [[高領]][[毛衣]]
#: {{nearsyn|uk|водола́зка<g:f><q:口語>}}
# {{lb|uk|chiefly|in the plural}} [[長襪]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|гольф<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-20|гольф|690|3}}
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11|гольф|120|2}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{C|uk|高爾夫球|服裝|足部穿著}}
nrkz56i31qfx36ywoekap6vf6xc2ss2
カラオケ
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==日語==
{{DEFAULTSORT:からおけ}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
===替代寫法===
* {{ja-r|空オケ|からオケ}}
===詞源===
{{blend|ja|空|tr1=kara|オーケストラ|tr2=ōkesutora|t2=樂隊|pos2=本身來自{{der|ja|en|orchestra}}|sort=からおけ}}。<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR">{{R:Daijirin}}</ref>
===發音===
{{ja-pron|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR|a=Ja-Karaoke.oga}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun}}
# [[卡拉OK]]
# {{lb|ja|廣播業|sort=からおけ}} 為表演者預先錄有[[歌曲]][[伴奏]][[音樂]]的[[磁帶]]或[[唱片]]。
# [[卡拉OK機]]
====衍生詞====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|カラオケ ボックス}}
{{der-bottom}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top|派生詞}}
* {{desc|sq|karaoke}}
* {{desc|ar|كَارَاوُكِي|tr=karawoki}}
* {{desc|hy|կարաոկե}}
* {{desc|be|карао́ке}}
* {{desc|bn|কারাওকে}}
* {{desc|bg|карао́ке}}
* {{desc|ca|karaoke}}
* 漢語:
*: 粵語: {{l|yue|卡拉OK|tr=kaa1 laa1 ou1 kei1}}
*: 客家語: {{l|hak|卡拉OK|tr=khà-la-o-khie}}
*: 官話: {{l|cmn|卡拉OK|tr=kǎlā'ōukèi}}
*: 閩南語: {{l|nan|卡拉OK|tr=kha-lá-ó͘-khe}}
* {{desc|cs|karaoke}}
* {{desc|da|karaoke}}
* {{desc|nl|karaoke}}
* {{desctree|en|karaoke}}
* {{desc|eo|karaoko}}
* {{desc|et|karaoke}}
* {{desc|fi|karaoke}}
* {{desc|fr|karaoke}}
* {{desc|ka|კარაოკე}}
* {{desc|de|Karaoke}}
* {{desc|el|καραόκε}}
* {{desc|he|קַרְיוֹקִי|tr=qaryóqi}}
* {{desc|hi|कराओके}}
* {{desc|hu|karaoke}}
* {{desc|id|karaoke}}
* {{desc|it|karaoke}}
* {{desc|kk|караоке}}
* {{desc|km|ខារ៉ាអូខេ}}
* {{desc|ko|가라오케}}
* {{desc|ky|караоке}}
* {{desc|lo|ກາຣາໂອເກະ}}
* {{desc|lv|karaoke}}
* {{desc|lt|karaokė}}
* {{desc|mk|карао́ке}}
* {{desc|ms|karaoke}}
* {{desc|ml|കരോക്കി}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語: {{l|nb|karaoke}}
* {{desc|fa|کارائوکه|tr=kârâ'ōke}}, {{l|fa|کارائوکی|tr=kârâ'ōki}}
* {{desc|pl|karaoke}}
* {{desc|pt|karaokê}}
* {{desc|ro|karaoke}}
* {{desc|ru|карао́ке}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|караоке|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|karaoke|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|karaoke}}
* {{desc|sl|karaoke}}
* {{desc|es|karaoke}}
* {{desc|sv|karaoke}}
* {{desc|tl|karaoke}}
* {{desc|th|คาราโอเกะ}}
* {{desc|tr|karaoke}}
* {{desc|uk|карао́ке}}
* {{desc|ur|کراوکی|tr=karā'oke}}
* {{desc|vi|caraôkê}}, {{l|vi|karaoke}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
[[Category:日語 娛樂]]
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シネマ
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==日語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ja|fr|cinéma}}。<ref name="KDJ2">{{R:Nihon Kokugo Daijiten 2}}</ref><ref name="DDJS">{{R:Digital-Daijisen}}</ref><ref name="SDHJ">{{R:Sekai Dai Hyakka Jiten}}</ref><ref name="DJR"/>
最早見於1911年。<ref name="KDJ2"/>
{{ja-r|キネマ}}的同源對似詞。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun}} {{tlb|ja|不常見}}
# {{defdate|自1911年}} [[電影院]]
#: {{syn|ja|映画館|tr=eigakan}}
# {{defdate|自1911年}} [[電影]]
#: {{syn|ja|映画|tr=eiga}}
#: {{ja-usex|'''シネマ''' [[フォント]]|一種模仿傳統手寫電影字幕的字體}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{ja-r|キネマ}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
ml657sl1pqbq13ivhwomuxsc1yoyp6h
abfiltern
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|ab-|filtern}}
源自 {{af|de|ab-|filtern}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐn/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltern.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|ab.filtern}}
# [[過濾]]
====變位====
{{de-conj|ab.filtern}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Abfiltern}}
* {{l|de|Abfilterung}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
azhkh0ziis6y690tui0w2jqx1zb74h3
abfiltrieren
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{{also|Abfiltrieren}}
==德语==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|de|ab-|filtrieren}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|ab.filtrieren}}
# [[过滤]]
#: {{syn|de|abfiltern}}
====變位====
{{de-conj|ab.filtrieren}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
4lyihew8o5782sgthxczn8ta4tumyun
alarmieren
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==德语==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|Alarm|-ieren}}
{{suffix|de|Alarm|ieren}}
===詞源===
* {{IPA|de|[alaʁˈmiːʁən]}}
* {{rhymes|de|iːʁən|s=3}}
* {{audio|de|De-alarmieren2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|alar|mie|ren}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# 向……报警,警告,注意
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
0iofzn7luhh6kaws5lx08sltrxwida5
aufwärmen
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|auf-|wärmen}}
源自 {{af|de|auf-|wärmen}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyph|de|auf|wär|men}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|auf.wärmen}}
# {{lb|de|及物}} [[加熱]]
# {{lb|de|及物|比喻|口語|多为负面义}} 使[[記起]],使[[想起]]
# {{lb|de|pronominal}} 使自己身子[[暖]]起來
# {{lb|de|pronominal}} [[熱身]]
====變位====
{{de-conj|auf.wärmen}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Aufwärmen}}、{{l|de|Aufwärmer}}、{{l|de|Aufwärmung}}
* {{l|de|aufwärmend}}、{{l|de|aufgewärmt}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Aufwärmübung}}
* {{l|de|Aufwärmzeit}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
4t7btgsfukdt263r5p95k8khqt5kebj
ausgelöscht
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|[ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃt]}}
* {{hyph|de|aus|ge|löscht}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöscht.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|auslöschen}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# [[熄滅]]的
# {{lb|de|比喻}} 被[[抹去]]的,被[[抹殺]]的
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
50l7a7kx9l8a8rzss3lnyhhvbo2i2dn
Bambus
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{{also|bambus}}
==德語==
===詞源===
源自早期{{bor|de|nl|bambus}}(現代用{{l|nl|bamboe}}) ← {{der|de|pt|bambus}},{{l|pt|bambu}}的複數 ← {{der|de|ms|bambu}} ← {{der|de|kn|ಬಮ್ಬು}}。
===發音===
* {{audio|de|De-Bambus.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|m,ses}}
# [[竹子]]
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|m,ses}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fo|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|bambusz}}
* {{desc|bor=1|is|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|bambuss}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|бамбус}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|бамбус|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|bambus|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|bambus}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|bambus}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
pgp31imiadkddykq9eduouwytxk74j7
brachliegen
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==德語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|de|brach liegen}}
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|Brache|liegen}}
{{compound|de|Brache|liegen}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩/}}
* {{hyph|de|brach|lie|gen}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|brach.liegen<lag,gelegen,läge.haben,sein>}}
# {{lb|de|农业}} [[休耕]]
# {{lb|de|比喻}} 未[[利用]];未[[开发]]
====用法說明====
在德国北部和中部,只使用助动词 {{m|de|haben}}。在德国南部、奥地利和瑞士,{{m|de|sein}} 在方言中很常见,有时也用于标准用法。
====變位====
{{de-conj|brach.liegen<lag,gelegen,läge.haben,sein>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
lq2azvoz3m2yotqcl9v625miwbz1u20
brachliegend
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegend.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegend2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|brachliegen}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# {{lb|de|农业}} [[休耕]]的
# {{lb|de|比喻}} 未[[利用]]的;未[[开发]]的
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
blhscsv1vca081khr839usfcsa6j7of
Delphin
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{{also|delphin}}
==德语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|Delfin||1996拼写改革形式}}
===词源===
源自{{der|de|la|delphinus}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/dɛlˈfiːn/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Delphin.ogg}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|m}}
# [[海豚]]
#: {{syn|de|Meerschwein|q1=弃用}}
#* '''2010''', ''[[w:en:Der Spiegel|Der Spiegel]]'', issue [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/index-2010-5.html 5/2010], page 100:
#*: {{quote|de|'''Delphine''' sind die mit Abstand intelligentesten aller Tiere.}}
# {{lb|de|astronomy}} [[海豚座]]
#* '''1718''', Joh. Ludovicus Andreas, ''Mathematische und Historische Beschreibung des gantzen Welt-Gebäudes'', page 60:
#*: {{quote|de|'''Delphin'''. Das Meerschwein. Das XXXV. Sternbild. [...] Nachdem er aber noch so viel Zeit erhalten, vorher ein bewegliches Klagelied zu spielen, und sich darauf in das Meer geworfen, ist so balden ein '''Delphin''' oder Meerschwein gekommen, hat ihn auf seinen Rucken genommen, und glücklich auf den Tenarischen Strand ans Land gesetzt, davor es nun unter den Sternen steht, wie Ovidius anzeigt;}}
#* '''1772''', Johann Elert Bode, ''Deutliche Anleitung zur Kenntniß des gestirnten Himmels'', Hamburg, pages 208 and 286:
#*: {{quote|de|Neben dem hellen Stern im Adler, zur Linken unterwärts, zeigt sich der '''Delphin''', oder das Meerschwein, mit fünf Sternen dritter Größe, welche nahe bey einander stehen.}}
#*: {{quote|de|Neben dem hellen Stern im Adler, gegen Osten, etwas aufwärts, ist an der Milchstraße der '''Delphin''', oder das Meerschwein, ganz deutlich an fünf nahe zusammenstehenden Sternen dritter Größe zu sehen.}}
#* '''1776''', Neuer Schauplatz der Natur nach den richtigsten Beobachtungen und Versuchen. ''Zweyter Band'', Leipzig, page 309:
#*: {{quote|de|Den Namen '''Delphin''', oder Meerschwein führet auch ein Sternbild zwischen dem Adler und Pegasus, welches vierzehn Sterne enthält, nämlich fünfe von der dritten, welche nahe bey einander stehen, zween von der fünften und sieben von der sechsten Größe.}}
#* '''1786''', Christoph von Helwig, ''Hundertjähriger Kalender. Neue ganz veränderte Auflage'', Leipzig, pages 152 and 153:
#*: {{quote|de|Das Meerschwein oder der '''Delphin''' (Delphinus)<br />Ist ebenfals ein kleines Sternbild ostwärts beim Adler und Pfeil zunächst an der Milchstraße südwärts beim Fuchs mit der Gans, westwärts beim Pegasus und Füllen, nordwärts beim Waßermann und Antinuous.}}
#*: {{quote|de|Der Pfeil (Sagitta)<br />Zeigt sich fast ganz in der Milchstraße, nordwärts über dem Adler, südwärts unter dem Fuchs mit der Gans, westwärts beim '''Delphin''', ostwärts beim Cerberus und Zweig.}}
#* '''1842''', Joseph Jüttner, ''Anweisung zum Gebrauche der Himmelskugel. Zweite vermehrte Auflage'', Olmütz, page 68:
#*: {{quote|de|Der '''Delphin''' auch Meerschwein genannt, ist leicht aus fünf Sternen zu erkennen, die nahe beisammen stehen ...}}
#*: {{quote|de|Das Füllen oder kleine Pferd. Von diesem wird nur der Kopf vorgestellt, er liegt zwischen dem Pegasus, Wassermann und '''Delphin'''.}}
#* '''1857''', K. F. Robert Schneider, ''Handbuch de Erdbeschreibung und Staatenkunde in ihrer Verbindung mit Natur- und Menschenkunde. Erster Theil.'', page 180:
#*: {{quote|de|Die 21 schon den Alten bekannten nördlichen Sternbilder sind ... der '''Delphin''' oder das Meerschwein, ''delphinus''.}}
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|m}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|делфи́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|delfín|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|делфин|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zle-mru|дельфинъ|alt=дельфи́нъ|sc=Cyrs|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|ru|дельфи́н}}
* {{desc|pl|delfin|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|zle-ort|делфинъ|alt=делфи́нъ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|дѐлфӣн}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|dèlfīn}}
* {{desc|sk|delfín|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hsb|delfin|bor=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
{{C|de|鯨目動物}}
{{cln|de|受到1996年拼寫改革影響的詞}}
==诺曼语==
===专有名词===
{{head|nrf|專有名詞|g=m}}
# {{given name|nrf|male}}
818csryxwnaeji2esgl3uf5ohy2mk4p
filtern
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{{also|Filtern}}
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐn/}}
* {{audio|de|De-at-filtern.ogg|a=Austria}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtern.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# [[過濾]]
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Filter}}
* {{l|de|filtrieren}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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filternd
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐnt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filternd.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|filtern}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
tegiwo7umpl48clj0guf6ani4n2yorr
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:der|la:filtrare}}
源自{{der|de|la|filtrare}},等價於 {{af|de|Filter|-ieren}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# [[過濾]]
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Filter}}
* {{l|de|filtern}}
* {{l|de|Filtrat}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|filtrieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
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Funktionsweise
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|Funktion<t:功能,運行>|-s-|Weise<t:方式,模式>}}
{{af|de|Funktion|-s-|Weise|t1=功能,運行|t3=方式,模式}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fʊŋkˈt͡si̯oːnsˌvaɪ̯zə/|aa=Germany}}
* {{audio|de|De-Funktionsweise.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{IPA|de|/fʊŋkˈt͡si̯oːnsˌvaɪ̯sɛ/|[-ˌvaɛ̯-]|aa=Austria,South German,Switzerland}}
* {{hyph|de|Funk|tions|wei|se}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|f}}
# [[作用]][[原理]]
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
6eazhwbsn0bbjupw1q07tyuaat4dj7p
Galgen
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{{also|galgen}}
==德语==
{{slim-wikipedia|lang=de}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|de|goh|galgo}},源自{{inh|de|gem-pro|*galgô}},源自{{der|de|ine-pro|*ǵʰalgʰ-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰalg-||杆,柄,轴}}。对比{{cog|nl|galg}}、{{cog|en|gallows}}、{{cog|da|galge}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈɡalɡən/|[ˈɡal.ɡŋ̍]|[-ɡən]}}
* {{audio|de|De-Galgen.ogg}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|m}}
# [[绞刑架]]
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|m}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|de|Galgenhumor}}
* {{l|de|Galgenvogel}}
* {{l|de|Galgenmännchen}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|галге|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|galge|sclang=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
jhg46eeiir9mmzz5y66nxvy24tax7qp
Shampoo
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{{also|shampoo}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{ubor|de|en|shampoo}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|[ˈʃampu]}}
* {{audio|de|De-Shampoo.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|Sham|poo}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|n,,s}}
# [[洗髮水]],[[香波]]
#: {{syn|de|Haarwaschmittel|Haarshampoo}}
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|n,,s}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Haarshampoo}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|cs|šampón|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|sampon|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ша̀мпо̄н|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|šàmpōn|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|šampón|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
mvsn7rzyto83b23s3h3uupzr95vhfdz
Socke
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|de|goh|soc}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈzɔkə/}} {{a|de|prescriptive standard}}
* {{IPA|de|/ˈsɔkɛ/|[-ɡ̥ɛ]}} {{a|de|Austria}}
* {{audio|de|De-Socke.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-Socke2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyph|de|So|cke}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|f|dim=^chen}}
# [[襪子]]
#: {{syn|de|Strumpf<q:廣義>}}
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|de|Baumwollsocke}}, {{l|de|Nahkampfsocke}}, {{l|de|Schlauchsocke}}, {{l|de|Wollsocke}}
* {{l|de|Sockenabteilung}}, {{l|de|Sockenhalter}}, {{l|de|Sockenpuppe}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|et|sokk|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|zokni|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lv|zeķe|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|сокна|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sokna|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{pedia|lang=de}}
{{C|de|足部穿著|內衣褲}}
t0bz3e7bbp0j6j3d8f0tpxdaabxkmrc
Kulturkampf
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{{also|kulturkampf}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{af|de|Kultur|Kampf|t1=文化|t2=鬥爭}},{{w|鲁道夫·菲尔绍}}使其通俗化。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/kʊlˈtuːɐ̯ˌkamp͡f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Kulturkampf.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-Kulturkampf2.ogg}}
* {{hyph|de|Kul|tur|kampf}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|m,(e)s,^e}}
# {{lb|de|historical|uncountable}} [[文化鬥爭]]
#* {{quote-book|de|year=2011|author=Manuel Borutta|title=Antikatholizismus: Deutschland und Italien im Zeitalter der europäischen Kulturkämpfe|publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht|ISBN=9783647368498|page=11|passage=Aus Sicht beider Zeitgenossen waren Antikatholizismus und '''Kulturkampf''' keine genuin preußisch-deutschen, sondern europäische, um nicht zu sagen globale Erscheinungen.}}
#* {{quote-journal|de|date=2021-03-17|work=Die Zeit|author=w:Wolfgang Schäuble|title=Wir haben die Freiheit|url=https://www.zeit.de/2021/12/deutscher-reichstag-demokratisierung-parlament-geschichte-gegenwart/komplettansicht|passage=Das Parlament wurde in einer sich ausdifferenzierenden Gesellschaft und in einer sich rasant wandelnden Öffentlichkeit zum zentralen Forum der Nation. Hier konnten selbst während des "'''Kulturkampfes'''" gegen die Katholiken und unter den Sozialistengesetzen die gewählten Repräsentanten verfolgter Gesellschaftsgruppen ihre Stimme erheben, geschützt durch weitreichende Indemnität und Immunität.}}
# [[文化戰爭]]
#* {{quote-journal|de|date=2021-02-24|work=Die Zeit|author=Jan Roß|title=Toleranz statt Respekt|url=https://www.zeit.de/2021/09/cancel-culture-grossbritannien-universitaeten-meinungsfreiheit-konservatismus|passage=Das Vereinigte Königreich, könnte man sagen, ist das europäische Testgelände für die '''Kulturkämpfe''' der Gegenwart. Amerikanische Debatten, wie im vergangenen Jahr rund um die Black-Lives-Matter-Bewegung, werden auf der Insel schneller und intensiver aufgenommen und verarbeitet als auf dem Kontinent.}}
#* {{quote-journal|de|date=2021-10-08|work=Die Zeit|author=Dirk Peitz|title=Der Düstere|url=https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2021-10/peter-thiel-investor-silicon-valley-frank-schirrmacher-preis/komplettansicht|passage=[Peter] Thiels Zukunftsszenarien liegt offensichtlich die Vorstellung anstehender, aber eigentlich bereits laufender '''Kulturkämpfe''' zugrunde, die auf neue Totalitarismen hinauslaufen und in Thiels Perspektive offenbar in Unterdrückungssysteme der individuellen Freiheit von Menschen münden.}}
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|m,(e)s,^e}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|de|Kulturkämpfer}}
* {{l|de|Kulturkrampf}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|nl|cultuurstrijd|clq=1}}
* {{desc|en|kulturkampf|bor=1}}、 {{desc|en|culture war|clq=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|pl|kulturkampf|bor=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|de|Kirchenkampf}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{pedia|lang=de}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
hu9vgjag90amyrz4jc47117r7b6ltya
Heimweh
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==英语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|en|de|Heimweh}}。
===名词===
{{en-noun|-}}
# {{lb|en|不可数|rare}} [[想家]],[[乡愁]],[[思乡]]
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Harry Davids|author2=Tom Springer|title=Christmas Sorrows|editor=Alfred Holman|newspaper={{w|The Argonaut}}|location=San Francisco, Calif.|publisher=Argonaut Publishing Company|date=12 December 1908|volume=LXIII|issue=1655|page=397|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qRTHlpE3dUC&pg=PA397|column=1|oclc=33214557|passage=For the long trail stretched before us, for we heard the call, / Left the hearthstone and the homeland, felt the rover's thrall; / Wandered to the far horizon, sought the joy of life— / Now the wanderlust is waning, '''heimweh''' now is rife.}}
==德语==
===词源===
{{compound|de|Heim|Weh}}。原为瑞士的一个医学用词。同源词包括{{cog|gsw|Häiwee}}、{{cog|bar|Haimweh}}、{{cog|nds|Heimweih}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈhaɪ̯mˌveː/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Heimweh.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|de|Heim|weh}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|n,(e)s.sg}}
# [[想家]],[[乡愁]],[[思乡]]
#: {{ant|de|Fernweh}}
#* {{quote-book|de|author=Bernhard Schlink|authorlink=Bernhard Schlink|title=Die Heimkehr|year=2006|publisher=Diogenes|isbn=978-3-257-06510-7|page=64|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/dieheimkehrroman0000schl/page/64/mode/1up|passage=In die Herzen der Kameraden wehen '''Heimweh''' und Fernweh, und die Männer seufzen, seufzen in wohliger Sehnsucht.}}
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|n,(e)s.sg}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|de|Nostalgie}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|da|hjemve}}
* {{desc|clq=1|nl|heimwee}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Heimweh}}、{{desc|nolang=1|clq=1|en|homesickness}}
* {{desc|clq=1|nds-de|Heemweh}}
* {{desc|clq=1|la-new|nostalgia}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
{{C|de|情緒}}
90xigufu7esrbcy4rurv4f9prcfis09
telefonieren
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==德語==
[[File:HUA-153316-Afbeelding van een bellende beambte van de spoorwegpolitie in burger .jpg|thumb|Ein [[Mann]] ''telefoniert.'']]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|telephonieren}}
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|Telefon|-ieren}}
{{af|de|Telefon|-ieren}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/telefoˈniːʁən/|[tʰelefoˈniːɐ̯n]}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonieren.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonieren2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-at-telefonieren.ogg|a=Austria}}
* {{hyph|de|te|le|fo|nie|ren}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# {{lb|de|不及物}} [[打電話]] {{+obj|de|:mit(dat)<與某人>}}
#: {{ux|de|Peter kommt gleich, er '''telefoniert''' noch mit seinen Eltern.|彼得一会儿就到,他还在和父母'''通话'''中。}}
#: {{ux|de|Ich habe mich schon mit Paula abgestimmt, wir haben vorhin '''telefoniert'''.|我已经和宝拉协调过了,我们之前'''通过电话'''。}}
====用法說明====
* '''telefonieren''' 一词并未指明是谁发起的电话,但暗示通话已接通。如果明确指出是谁发起的电话,则应使用动词 {{m|de|anrufen}},但该词也可能指拨打电话未成功的尝试。
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Telefonieren}}
* {{l|de|Telefoniererei}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|telefonisch}}
====參見====
* {{l|de|anrufen}}
* {{l|de|zurückrufen}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:OpenThesaurus}}
31bow33712oa43d1ira6kd3jna719i5
Telefonieren
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/telefoˈniːʁən/|[tʰelefoˈniːɐ̯n]}}
* {{audio|de|De-Telefonieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonieren.ogg}}
* {{audio|de|De-at-telefonieren.ogg|a=Austria}}
* {{hyph|de|Te|le|fo|nie|ren}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|n||-}}
# {{gerund of|de|telefonieren}}
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|n.sg}}
2bz9jwrddizhhjp8eseefnfaax8wo1w
trächtig
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{{also|-trächtig}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|de|gmh|trehtic}}、{{m|gmh|trehtec}},與{{cog|gml|drechtich}}、{{m|gml|drachtich}} 有關。等價於 {{suf|de|Tracht|ig|t1=被帶著的東西}}。和{{cog|nl|drachtig}}、{{cog|nds-de|drachtig}}、{{cog|da|drægtig}}、{{cog|nb|drektig}}、{{cog|nn|drektig}}、{{cog|sv|dräktig}} 同源。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪç/|aa=Germany}}
** {{audio|de|De-trächtig.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪk/|aa=Austria,South German,Switzerland}}
** {{audio|de|De-trächtig2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyph|de|träch|tig}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# [[懷孕]]的 {{qualifier|用於動物,尤其是有蹄類動物}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|de|schwanger}} {{qualifier|非正式,不推薦使用}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|de
|hochträchtig
|-trächtig
|Trächtigkeit
}}
===參見===
* {{l|de|abkalben}}、{{l|de|kalben}}
* {{l|de|ein Kitz setzen}} {{qualifier|[[Hirschkuh]]}}
* {{l|de|ferkeln}} {{qualifier|[[Sau]]}}
* {{l|de|Junge bekommen}}
* {{l|de|kälbern}} {{qualifier|奧地利、南德}}
* {{l|de|jungen}} {{qualifier|[[Kätzin]]}}
* {{l|de|werfen}}、{{l|de|jungen}} {{qualifier|[[Hündin]]}}
* {{l|de|werfen}} {{qualifier|[[Tiergeburt]]}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Grimm}}
i2qp5t015hxaws3oyfcuny1g8co0do0
übereinanderlegen
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{{also|Übereinanderlegen}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|übereinander-|legen}}
{{af|de|übereinander-|legen}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|übereinander.legen}}
# {{lb|de|及物}} [[疊]]在一起
====變位====
{{de-conj|übereinander.legen}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|de|aufeinanderlegen}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Übereinanderlegen}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Grimm}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
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ungefiltert
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==德语==
===詞源===
{{af|de|un-|gefiltert}}
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐt/}}
* {{hyphenation|de|un|ge|fil|tert}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容词===
{{de-adj}}
# 未[[过滤]]的
#: {{ant|de|gefiltert}}
====变格====
{{de-adecl}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
ianwkbshz6fs48uxqr642oau67zhq1o
unterbinden
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{{also|Unterbinden}}
==德語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|de|gmh|underbinden}},{{inh+|de|goh|untarbintan}}。等價於 {{prefix|de|unter|binden}}。與{{cog|nl|onderbinden}} 同源。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|[ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩]}}
* {{hyph|de|un|ter|bin|den}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbinden.ogg}}
====動詞====
{{de-verb|unterbinden<unterband,unterbunden,unterbände>}}
# [[禁止]],[[阻止]],[[抑止]],[[制止]]
=====變位=====
{{de-conj|unterbinden<unterband,unterbunden,unterbände>}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|de|Unterbinden}}
* {{l|de|Unterbindung}}
===詞源2===
與詞源1相同。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|[ˈʊntɐˌbɪndn̩]}}
* {{hyph|de|un|ter|bin|den}}
====動詞====
{{de-verb|unter.binden<band,gebunden,bände>}}
# {{lb|de|及物|or|dative|_|反身|過時|or|regional}} [[繫]]在下面
=====變位=====
{{de-conj|unter.binden<band,gebunden,bände>}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|de|Unterbinden}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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{{also|Unterbinden}}
==德語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|de|gmh|underbinden}},{{inh+|de|goh|untarbintan}}。等價於 {{prefix|de|unter|binden}}。與{{cog|nl|onderbinden}} 同源。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|[ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩]}}
* {{hyph|de|un|ter|bin|den}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbinden.ogg}}
====動詞====
{{de-verb|unterbinden<unterband,unterbunden,unterbände>}}
# [[禁止]],[[阻止]],[[抑止]],[[制止]]
=====變位=====
{{de-conj|unterbinden<unterband,unterbunden,unterbände>}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|de|Unterbinden}}
* {{l|de|Unterbindung}}
===詞源2===
與詞源1相同。
====發音====
* {{IPA|de|[ˈʊntɐˌbɪndn̩]}}
* {{hyph|de|un|ter|bin|den}}
====動詞====
{{de-verb|unter.binden<band,gebunden,bände>}}
# {{lb|de|及物|or|與格|_|反身|過時|or|regional}} [[繫]]在下面
=====變位=====
{{de-conj|unter.binden<band,gebunden,bände>}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|de|Unterbinden}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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polarisieren
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==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|polar|-isieren}}
{{af|de|polar|-isieren}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# {{lb|de|化學}} 产生[[电极]]或[[磁极]]
# {{lb|de|物理學}} [[偏振]]
# {{lb|de|政治}} [[極化]],[[兩極分化]]
#* {{quote-journal|de|title=Wahl der Bundespräsidentin: First Ladys für Deutschland|work=Die Tageszeitung: taz|date=2026-04-21|url=https://taz.de/Wahl-der-Bundespraesidentin/!6171198/|issn=0931-9085|passage= Es soll sogar Witzbolde geben, die Julia Klöckner, die Bundestagspräsidentin, die gern '''polarisiert''' und es mit der Wahrheit nicht immer so genau nimmt, in dem Amt sehen wollen.|t=甚至有人开玩笑说,希望看到喜欢'''制造分裂'''、并不总是那么关心真相的联邦议院议长尤利娅·克勒克纳担任那个职位。}}
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Polarisierung}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁənt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|polarisieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|polarisieren}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# [[極化]]的,[[兩極分化]]的
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
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==德語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|potentiell}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛl/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenziell.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# [[潛在]]的,[[可能]]的
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===副詞===
{{de-adv}}
# [[可能]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
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==德语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|de|gmh|zucker}},源自{{inh|de|goh|zuckar}},源自早期{{der|de|it|zucchero}}(经由{{der|de|la-med|zuccarum}}),源自{{der|de|ar|سُكَّر}},源自{{der|de|fa|شکر|tr=šakar}},源自{{der|de|sa|शर्करा||砂砾,沙子;碎糖或蜜糖|tr=śárkarā}},源自{{der|de|ine-pro|*ḱorkeh₂||碎石}}。同源词包括{{cog|cs|cukr}}和{{cog|nl|suiker}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈt͡sʊkɐ/}}
* {{rhymes|de|ʊkɐ}}
* {{hyph|de|Zu|cker}}
* {{hyph|de|Zuk|ker}} {{i|古旧}}
* {{audio|de|De-Zucker.ogg|(德国)音频}}
* {{audio|de|De-at-Zucker.ogg|(奥地利)音频}}
* {{audio|de|De-Zucker2.ogg}}
===名词===
{{de-noun|m}}
# {{lb|de|常|_|不可数}} [[糖]]
#: {{uxi|de|ein Stück '''Zucker'''|一块'''糖'''}}
# {{lb|de|不及物|轻微|_|非正式}} [[糖尿病]]
#: {{uxi|de|'''Zucker''' haben|患'''糖尿病'''}}
====变格====
{{de-ndecl|m}}
====近义词====
* {{sense|糖尿病}} {{l|de|Diabetes}},{{l|de|Zuckerkrankheit}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|de|zuckerig}}、{{l|de|zuckrig}}、{{l|de|zuckern}}
* {{l|de|zuckerhaltig}}、{{l|de|zuckerartig}}
====相关词汇====
{{rel3|de
|Fruchtzucker|Kandelzucker|Kandiszucker|Kristallzucker|Malzzucker|Milchzucker|Puderzucker|Rohrzucker|Traubenzucker|Würfelzucker|Zimtzucker
|seinem Affen Zucker geben
|Zuckerahorn|Zuckerbäcker|Zuckercouleur|Zuckerdose|Zuckerfabrik|zuckerfrei|Zuckerguss
|Zuckerindustrie|Zuckerkrankheit|Zuckerlöffel|Zuckerlöffelchen
|Zuckerplantage|Zuckerrohr|Zuckerschale|Zuckerwürfel
}}
====后代词汇====
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|cukr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|suhkur}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|liv|sukker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|cukor}}
* {{desc|dsb|cukor|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|pl|cukier}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|цу̏кар|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|цу̏кер}}
*: {{desc|sh|cȕkar|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|cȕker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|cuker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|cukor}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hsb|cokor}}
====参见====
* {{l|de|Zuckerl}}
* {{l|de|Zuckerberg}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:de:Duden}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=be}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|be|zle-ort|квасъ}},來自{{inh|be|orv|квасъ}},來自{{inh|be|sla-pro|*kvasъ}}。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|квас<M.inan>}}
# [[格瓦斯]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|квас<M.inan.c>}}
===來源===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
* {{R:be:Verbum}}
{{c|be|飲料}}
==保加利亞語==
{{wiki|lang=bg}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|bg|sla-pro|*kvasъ}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|квас|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|квас|m}}
# [[酵母]]
# [[格瓦斯]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|квас<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{c|bg|飲料}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mk|sla-pro|*kvasъ}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-квас.wav}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m}}
# [[酵母]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m|n=sg}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|mk|квасец|g=m}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|mk|квасен}}
* {{l|mk|кваси}}
===來源===
* {{R:mk:DRMJ|квасец}}
{{c|mk|食物}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
[[Image:Mint bread kvas.jpg|thumb|kvass]]
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|квасъ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|orv|квасъ}},來自{{inh|ru|sla-pro|*kvasъ||酵母,發酵飲品}}。
與{{cog|la|cāseus}}經由{{cog|en|cheese}}和{{cog|sa|क्वथ्||沸騰}}等同源。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
* {{audio|ru|LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-квас.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ru|as|s=1}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|c|adj=квасно́й|dim=квасо́к}}
# [[格瓦斯]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|c}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|ква́сить}}, {{l|ru|заква́сить}}
* {{l|ru|квасно́й}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|ки́слый}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|կվաս|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|kvass|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Kwass|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|クワス|tr=kuwasu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|크바스|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nb|kvass|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|cvas|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nn|kvass|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ква̑с|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kvȃs|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|кыбаас|bor=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|квас}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|квас|391|1}}
{{topics|ru|飲料}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源1===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*kvasъ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|sh|/kʋâːs/}}
====名詞====
{{sh-noun|ква̑с|m-in}}
# {{lb|sh|archaic}} {{alternative form of|sh|ква́сац|gloss=[[酵母]]}}
=====變格=====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|квас|квасови
|кваса|квасова
|квасу|квасовима
|квас|квасове
|квасе|квасови
|квасу|квасовима
|квасом|квасовима
}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:sh:HJP|elZnXRM%3D}}
===詞源2===
源自{{bor|sh|ru|квас}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|sh|/kʋâːs/}}
====名詞====
{{sh-noun|ква̑с|m-in}}
# [[格瓦斯]]
=====變格=====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|ква̑с|ква̏сови
|кваса|квасова
|квасу|квасовима
|квас|квасове
|квасе|квасови
|квасу|квасовима
|квасом|квасовима
}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:sh:HJP|elZnXRI%3D}}
{{C|sh|飲料}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|zle-ort|квасъ}},來自{{inh|uk|orv|квасъ}},來自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*kvasъ||酵母,發酵飲品}}。
與{{cog|la|cāseus}}經由{{cog|en|cheese}}和{{cog|sa|क्वथ्||沸騰}}等同源。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|квас<c.genu>|adj=квасни́й|dim=квасо́к}}
# [[格瓦斯]]
#: {{syn|uk|сиріве́ць}}
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|квас<c.genu>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|uk|ква́сити}}, {{l|uk|заква́сити}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|uk|ки́слий}}
{{c|uk|飲料}}
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==古盧森尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|zle-ort|orv|кобꙑлица}},來自 {{inh|zle-ort|sla-pro|*kobylica}},來自{{m|sla-pro|*kobyla}}。
===名詞===
{{zle-ort-noun|кобылица|f-an|gen=|pl=|genpl=|adj=|dim=}}
# [[蝗蟲]],[[蚱蜢]]
====相關詞====
{{hcol3}}
* {{l|zle-ort|кобыла}}
* {{l|zle-ort|кобылїй}}
* {{l|zle-ort|кобылина}}
* {{l|zle-ort|кобылка}}
* {{l|zle-ort|кобылникъ}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|be|кабылі́ца}}
* {{desc|rue|кобы́лиця}}
* {{desc|uk|коби́ли́ця}}; {{desc|uk|кобилі́ца|nolang=1|qq=Polesian}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|кобылица|165|15|kobylitsa}}
* {{R:zle-ouk:SUM-28|кобылица|154|14}}
==俄語==
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|кобыли́ца}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|кобыли́ца|a=an}}
# 小[[母馬]]
# [[活潑]]的[[小姑娘]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|кобыли́ца|a=an}}
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==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|bg|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|коза́|a=LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-коза.wav<Standard Bulgarian>}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|коза́|f|adj=ко́зи|m=козе́л|dim=кози́чка}}
# {{female equivalent of|bg|козе́л}}:母[[山羊]]
# {{lb|bg|gymnastics}} [[鞍馬]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|коза́<(v)>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|bg|коза́р}}, {{l|bg|коза́рин||牧山羊人}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{topics|bg|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-коза.wav}}
* {{rhymes|mk|ɔza|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|кози|adj=козји|m=јарец|dim=козичка|dim2=козле|aug=козиште}}
# 母[[山羊]]
# {{label|mk|colloquial}} [[辱罵]]一個[[愚蠢]]和/或[[討厭]]的[[女人]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|коз}}
{{topics|mk|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===替代寫法===
* 格拉哥里文:{{l|cu|sc=Glag|ⰽⱁⰸⰰ}}
===詞源===
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===名詞===
{{cu-noun|f}}
# 母[[山羊]]
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ru|коза́}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ко̀за|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kòza|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sl|koza}}
{{bottom}}
{{topics|cu|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|коза́}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-коза.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|ru|a}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|d|коза́|a=an|adj=ко́зий}}
# 母[[山羊]]
# {{lb|ru|fishing}} 一種類似[[籃子]]的物體,裡面裝著[[燃燒]]的點火木。通常是用[[鐵]]製成。便於在夜間用[[魚叉]]捕魚。類似挪威的{{m|nn|lysterkorg}}。
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|d|коза́|a=an}}
{{ru-noun-table|old=1|d|коза́|a=an}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|козёл}} (公山羊)
* {{l|ru|кобра}} (釣魚工具)
* {{l|ru|острога}} (魚叉)
====派生詞====
* {{desc|sjd|коаза|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/kǒza/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ко|за}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|ко̀за|f|dim=ко̀зица|aug=козѐтина|adj=ко̏зјӣ}}
# 母[[山羊]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|ко̀за|козе
|козе|ко́за̄
|кози|козама
|козу|козе
|ко̏зо|козе
|кози|козама
|козом|козама
}}
{{topics|sh|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*koza}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|коза́}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-коза.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|коза́<anml.i>}}
# 母[[山羊]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|коза́<anml.i>}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|коза́<i>}}
# [[鼻屎]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|коза́<i>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{topics|uk|體液|羊亞科|雌性動物}}
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==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|комиссия|كوميسسيا}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|коми́ссия}},最终源自{{der|kk|la|commissiō}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[委員會]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|а|а}}
==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ru|коми́ссія||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
源頭來自{{der|ru|la|commissiō}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|коми́ссия|gem=n}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-комиссия.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|коми́ссия|adj=комиссио́нный}}
# [[家務]],[[苦差事]]
# [[委員會]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|коми́ссия}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|избирко́м|g=m}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|комиссация}}, {{l|ru|комиссионе́р}}, {{l|ru|комиссионе́рство}}, {{l|ru|комиссио́нка}}, {{l|ru|комиссова́ние}}, {{l|ru|комиссо́вка}}, {{l|ru|комите́нт}}
* {{l|ru|комиссионе́рский}}, {{l|ru|комите́нтский}}
* {{l|ru|комиссионе́рствовать}}, {{l|ru|комиссова́ть}}, {{l|ru|комиссова́ться}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|комисс|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠻᠣᠮᠢᠰᠰ|sclang=1}}
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==車臣語==
===名詞===
{{ce-noun||j2}}
# [[咖啡]]
====參見====
* {{l|ce|къахьо}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|кофе|كوفە}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
來自{{bor|kk|ru|ко́фе}},來自{{der|kk|ar|قَهْوَة||咖啡,泡茶}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[咖啡]]
{{topics|kk|飲料}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ky|ru|ко́фе}}。
===名詞===
{{ky-noun}}
# [[咖啡]]
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun}}
{{c|ky|飲料}}
==蒙古語==
{{swp|lang=mn}}
{{mn-variant|ᠺᠣᠹᠧ|кофе}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|mn|ru|ко́фе|g=m}},源頭來自{{der|mn|ar|قَهْوَة|g=f}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mn|/kʰɔˑ.feˑ/}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|ᠺᠣᠹᠧ}}
# [[咖啡]]
#: {{uxi|mn|[[өтгөн]] '''кофе'''|濃'''咖啡'''}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|mn|名詞}}
====參見====
* {{l|mn|кафе|t=咖啡廳}}
* {{l|mn|цай|t=茶}}
{{topics|mn|飲料}}
==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ru|ко́фей|ко́фий||過時|現在為幽默用語}}
* {{alt|ru|ка́ва|ка́фа|кафе́|tr3=kafɛ́|t3=現僅用於“咖啡廳”|кафе́й|ке́фа|ко́фа|ко́ффей|кофь|ко́хий|ко́хвей|ко́хвий||棄用|地區|或幽默}}
===詞源===
最早見於17世紀晚期<ref>{{R:ru:SRJa18|кофе|210|10|url=11/sla21013}}</ref>或18世紀早期<ref name=Vasmer>{{R:ru:Vasmer}}</ref><ref name=Chernykh>{{R:ru:Chernykh|кофе|436|1}}</ref>。源自一{{bor|ru|gmw|-}}語言,如{{cog|en|coffee}}<ref name=Vasmer />、{{cog|de|Kaffee|Koffee}}<ref name=Preobrazhensky />,或直接來自{{der|ru|nl|koffie}}。<ref name=Vasmer /><ref name=Chernykh /><ref name=Preobrazhensky>{{R:ru:Preobrazhensky}}</ref><ref>{{R:ru:BTS}}</ref>源頭來自{{der|ru|it|caffè}},來自{{der|ru|ar|قَهْوَة}}。<ref name=Vasmer /><ref name=Chernykh /><ref name=Preobrazhensky />
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ко́фе|pos=n}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-кофе.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun|ко́фе|m-in|g2=n-in|-|adj=кофе́йный|dim=кофеёк}}
# [[咖啡]]
#: {{uxi|ru|чёрный '''ко́фе'''|黑'''咖啡'''}}
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ко́фе''' с молоко́м|拿鐵'''咖啡''' / 白'''咖啡'''}}
#: {{uxi|ru|кре́пкий '''ко́фе'''|濃'''咖啡'''}}
#: {{uxi|ru|ча́шка '''ко́фе'''|一杯'''咖啡'''}}
# [[咖啡豆]]
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ко́фе''' в зёрнах|整顆咖啡豆}}
#: {{uxi|ru|мо́лотый '''ко́фе'''|磨碎的咖啡}}
#: {{uxi|ru|раствори́мый '''ко́фе'''|即溶咖啡}}
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ко́фе''' без кофеи́на|脫咖啡因咖啡}}
====衍生詞====
{{der3|ru|кофеёк
|кофе́йный
|кофе́йня
|кофева́рка
|кофе́йник
|кофемо́лка
|кофе́йничать
}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|кафе́|tr=kafɛ́}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|կոֆե|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|копе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ce|кофе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|кофе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sjd|ко̄фэ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|кофе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|olo|koufei|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|mn|кофе|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|mn|ᠺᠣᠹᠧ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|кофе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|кофе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|kofe|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|ко́фе|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|kofe|bor=1}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
{{topics|ru|咖啡|植物}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|uk|ru|ко́фе}},來自{{der|uk|nl|koffie}}或{{der|uk|en|coffee}}。<ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|volume=3|page=62}}</ref>{{doublet|uk|ка́ва}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|ко́фе}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-кофе.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|ко́фе|n-in|-|adj=кофе́йний}}
# {{lb|uk|colloquial}} {{synonym of|uk|ка́ва|g=f||[[咖啡]]}}
====衍生詞====
{{der2|uk
|{{l|uk|кофе́йник|g=m}}
|{{l|uk|кофе́йниця|g=f}}
}}
====相關詞====
{{rel2|uk
|{{l|uk|ко́фій|g=m}} {{qual|口語|過時}}
|{{l|uk|кофеї́н|g=m}}
}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20|3=7}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|咖啡}}
==雅庫特語==
{{wikipedia|lang=sah}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|sah|ru|кофе}}。
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# {{topics|sah|咖啡}} [[咖啡]]
fie0kgoie4pqeui7habzkby353osvci
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==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|ru|ма́монтъ||ru-PRO}}
* {{alt|ru|ма́мант||古舊}}
* {{alt|ru|ма́мантъ||ru-PRO|古舊}}
===詞源===
可能來自{{der|ru|urj}}語言,像是原始{{der|ru|mns||*mē̮ŋ-ońt|土號角|sc=Latn}} (對照{{cog|mns-nor|ма̄||土}}、{{m|mns-nor|а̄ньт||號角}})或{{cog|kca|-}}。對照{{cog|urj-pro|*mëxe||土}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ма́монт}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|ма́монт|a=an|adj=ма́монтовый}}
# [[猛獁]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|ма́монт|a=an}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|мамонтёнок|g=m}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|az|mamont|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|մամոնտ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|ма́мант|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|маму́т|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|mammoet|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|en|mammoth|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|fr|mammouth|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|მამონტი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|мамонт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|мамонт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|мамут|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|mamut|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ма̀мут|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|màmut|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sl|mȃmut|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|мамонт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|ма́монт|ма́мут}}
* {{desc|tk|mamont|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|مامونت|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|mamont|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|мааман|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:BTS}}
{{C|ru|象}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|uk|ru|ма́монт}},來自{{der|uk|urj}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|ма́монт}}
* {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-мамонт.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|ма́монт<anml>|adj=ма́монтовий}}
# [[猛獁]]
#: {{syn|uk|ма́мут}}
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|ма́монт<anml>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|象}}
0ppkyzav0602ulqkc2mz8way45r7xgw
миллион
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==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|миллион|ميلليون}}
{{cardinalbox|kk|10<sup>5</sup>|10<sup>6</sup>|10<sup>7</sup>|жүз мың|он миллион|ord=миллионыншы}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|миллио́н}},來自{{der|kk|fr|million}},來自{{der|kk|it|milione}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kk|[mʲɪlʲɪˈon]}}
===數詞===
{{head|kk|數詞}}
# {{cln|kk|基數詞}} [[百萬]]
==哈卡斯語==
===數詞===
{{head|kjh|數詞}}
# {{cln|kjh|基數詞}} [[百萬]]
==俄語==
{{number box|ru|1,000,000}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|милліо́нъ||ru-PRO}}
* {{alter|ru|мильо́н|мильён||稍微口語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|fr|million}},來自{{der|kk|it|milione}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|миллио́н}}
* {{ru-IPA|phon=милльо́н}} {{qual|可以接受的}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-миллион.ogg}}
===數詞===
{{head|ru|數詞|g=m|head=миллио́н}}
# [[百萬]]
====使用說明====
* {{U:ru:large numeral}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|миллио́н}}
====同類別詞彙====
{{ru-cardinals}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|миллио́нчик}}
* {{l|ru|миллионе́р}}
====派生詞====
可能派生自俄語,但也可能派生自各歐洲語言。
* {{desc|bor=1|ce|миллион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kjh|миллион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|миллион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|миллион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|-}}
*: {{desc|tt|миллион|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|tt|million|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tg|миллион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|million}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|مىليون}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|million}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sah|мөлүйүөн}}
{{cln|ru|基數詞}}
==韃靼語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|tt|ru|миллио́н}}。
===數詞===
{{tt-pos|數詞|c|l|million}}
# {{cln|tt|基數詞}} [[百萬]]
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== 巴什基爾語 ==
[[Image:Benelli_750_Sei_(2016-09-04).JPG|thumb|Мотоцикл.]]
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ba|ru|мотоци́кл}},來自{{der|ba|fr|motocycle}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[mätäˈt͡sɯ̞kɯ̆ɫ]}}
* {{hyphenation|ba|мо|то|цикл}}
===名詞===
{{ba-noun}}
# [[摩托車]]
#: {{ux|ba|'''Мотоциклды''' ҡалдырҙым да тауға мендем.|translation=我離開'''摩托車''',爬上山去。}}
====變格====
{{ba-ndecl-c|ы|л}}
{{topics|ba|運輸}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|мотоцикл|موتوتسيكل}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|мотоци́кл}},來自{{der|kk|fr|motocycle}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[摩托車]]
{{topics|kk|交通工具}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|мотоци`кл}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m}}
# {{lb|mk|rare term}} [[摩托車]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m|мотоцикл}}
==蒙古語==
{{mn-variant|ᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠢᠺᠯ|ᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠢᠺᠯ|мотоцикл}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|мотоци́кл}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# {{lb|mn|Mongolia}} [[摩托車]]
#: {{syn|mn|мотор тэрэг|q1=中國}}
{{topics|mn|運輸}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|fr|motocycle}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|мотоци́кл}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-мотоцикл.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|мотоци́кл|adj=мотоцикле́тный|dim=мотоци́клик}}
# [[摩托車]]
#: {{syn|ru|мотоцикле́т<q:過時>}}
====使用說明====
* 現代關係形容詞{{m|ru|мотоцикле́тный}}是由{{m|ru|мотоцикле́т}}組成,而非{{m|ru|мотоци́кл}}組成。
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|мотоци́кл}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|мотоцикли́ст}}, {{l|ru|мотоцикли́стка}}
* {{m|ru|мотоцикле́тный}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|մոտոցիկլ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kap|матацик|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|მოტოციკლი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|мотоцикл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|мотоцикл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|мотоцикл|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠮᠣᠲ᠋ᠣᠼᠢᠻᠯ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tk|motosikl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|mototsikl|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|交通工具}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===發音===
* {{sh-IPA|мотоцѝкл}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|мо|то|цикл}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|мотоцѝкл|m-in}}
# [[摩托車]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|мотоцикл|мотоцикли
|мотоцикла|мотоцикала
|мотоциклу|мотоциклима
|мотоцикл|мотоцикле
|мотоцикле|мотоцикли
|мотоциклу|мотоциклима
|мотоциклом|мотоциклима
}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{swp|lang=uk}}
[[Image:Cb750f.jpg|thumb|250px|'''мотоцикл''']]
===詞源===
源自{{bor|uk|fr|motocycle}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|мотоци́кл}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-мотоцикл.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|мотоци́кл<>}}
# [[摩托車]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|мотоци́кл<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{topics|uk|交通工具}}
62kgqvtzl7i588jrnwduq72e221eeqx
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==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|пулемёт|پۋلەميوت}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|пулемёт}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[機槍]]
{{C|kk|武器}}
==蒙古語==
===詞源===
{{bor|mn|ru|пулемёт}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mn|/pʰuɮmʲɔˑtʰ/}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|ᠫᠤᠯᠧᠮᠶ᠋ᠣᠲ|ᠫᠦ᠋ᠯᠧᠮᠶ᠋ᠣᠲ|pl=пулемётууд|dec=r}}
# [[機槍]]
====變格====
{{mn-decl|пулемёт<r.Russian>}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===詞源===
來自{{af|ru|пу́ля|-е-|alt3=-мёт}},為{{m|ru|мета́ть||丟,拋}}的結合形式。
1880年代首次出現,當時指的是{{w|马克沁机枪}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-пулемёт.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|adj=пулемётный}}
# [[機槍]]
#: {{uxi|ru|7,62-[[мм]] '''пулемёт'''|t=.30口徑機槍}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|пистоле́т-пулемёт}}
* {{l|ru|пулемётный}}
* {{l|ru|пулемётчик}}
====派生詞====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|hy|գնդացիր|clq=1}}
* {{desc|az|pulemyot|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bua|пулемёт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|et|kuulipilduja|calque=1}}
* {{desc|kk|пулемёт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lv|ložmetējs|calque=1}}
* {{desc|mn|пулемёт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|pulemýot|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tyv|pylemɵt|sc=Latn|sclang=1|ts={{lang|tyv|бүлемөт}}|pos=obsolete}}
*: {{desc|tyv|пулемёт|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|пулемёт|bor=1|alts=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
====參見====
* {{l|ru|миномёт}}
{{topics|ru|槍械}}
==雅庫特語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sah|ru|пулемёт|g=m|t=機槍}}。
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# {{lb|sah|firearms}} [[機槍]]
====變格====
{{rfinfl|sah|名詞}}
====替代寫法====
* {{alter|sah|бүлүмүөт}}
72bz9e4xpyr7v556srqtn08gflb4pjz
ради
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
可能來自{{der|cu|ira|-}};對照{{cog|peo|𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹|ts=rādiy||因為,由於}}。
===介詞===
{{cu-prep}}
# [[為了]]
#* 《美多德傳》,0700300-0700310:
#*: {{quote|cu|а тꙑ любиши гороу вельми, то не мози горꙑ '''ради''' оставити оучениꙗ своѥго, паче бо можеши кꙑмь съпасенъ бꙑти.|虽然你对山怀有大爱,但还是不要'''为了'''山'''的缘故'''而离开你的教导,因为你可以通过它更快地得救。}}
# [[由於]]
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|ра́ди}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ра̏ди|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|rȁdi|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
{{bottom}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*radi}}.
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ра́ди}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-ради.ogg}}
===介詞===
{{head|ru|介詞|head=ра́ди|+ 屬格}}
# [[為了]];看在……的份上
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ра́ди''' [[я|меня́]]|'''看在'''我'''的份上'''}}
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ра́ди''' дете́й|'''看在'''孩子'''的份上'''}}
====使用注意====
本詞可以前置:
* {{uxi|ru|'''ра́ди''' [[я|меня́]]|'''看在'''我'''的份上'''}}
也可以後置:
* {{uxi|ru|[[Бог|Бо́га]] '''ра́ди'''|'''看在'''上帝'''的份上'''}}
後一種用法一般來說更符合習慣。
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*radi}}。
===變格===
* {{IPA|sh|/râdi/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ра|ди}}
===介詞===
{{sh-prep|ра̏ди}} {{qualifier|+ 屬格}}
# [[為了]],[[由於]];看在……的份上
#: {{ux|sh|'''ради''' мене|'''看在'''我'''的份上'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|sh|'''ради''' д(ј)еце|'''看在'''孩子'''的份上'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|sh|'''ради''' тог(а)|'''因為'''那|inline=1}}
==烏克蘭語==
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|ра́ди}}
===名詞===
{{head|uk|名詞變格形|head=ра́ди}}
# {{inflection of|uk|ра́да||gen|s}}
# {{inflection of|uk|ра́да||nom//acc//voc|p}}
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==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|bg|ru|награ́да}},可能仿譯自日耳曼語族詞語。取代了本土詞{{cog|bg|мъзда́||付款,獎勵}} {{qual|棄用}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|награ́да|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|награ́да|f}}
# [[報酬]],[[獎勵]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|награ́да<>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|bg|наградя́|g=pf}}、{{l|bg|награжда́вам|g=impf}} {{qual|使役迭代動詞}}
* {{l|bg|възнагражде́ние||補償}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|bg|награ́ждане||附件,supplementary construction}} {{qual|借自本土詞|方言}} <!-- Gerov 3: 137 -->
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
* {{R:bg:BER|награда|464|4}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|mk|ru|награ́да}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|dim=наградичка|adj=награден|aug=наградиште}}
# [[報酬]],[[獎勵]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|наград}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
於十七世(1696年){{bor+|ru|zle-ort|нагорода}},來自{{der|ru|pl|nagroda}}。<ref>{{R:be:ESBM|нагарода|184|7|naharoda}}</ref><ref>{{R:pl:Bruckner|nagroda|page=353}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*nagorda|50|22}}</ref>在十八世時修改{{der|ru|cu|[[градъ]], [[градити]]}} 。被誤認為來自未證實的{{cog|cu|*награда}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|награ́да}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-награда.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|ru|adə|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|награ́да}}
# [[報酬]],[[獎勵]]
# [[榮譽]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|награ́да}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|ru|вознагражде́ние}}、{{l|ru|воздая́ние}}
* {{l|ru|компенса́ция}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|награжде́ние}}
* {{l|ru|наградной}}
* {{l|ru|награди́ть}}、{{l|ru|награжда́ть}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bg|награ́да|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|награда|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|на̑града|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|nȃgrada|sclang=1}}
* {{desc/sl-tonal|nagrȃda|bor=1}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sh|ru|награ́да}}。<ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*nagorda|50|22}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/nâːɡrada/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|на|гра|да}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|на̑града|f}}
# [[獎金]]
# [[報酬]],[[獎勵]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|награда|награде
|награде|награда
|награди|наградама
|награду|награде
|наградо|награде
|награди|наградама
|наградом|наградама
}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
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{{also|раня|paha}}
==白俄羅斯語==
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|ра́на}}
* {{audio|be|Be-рана.ogg}}
===詞源1===
來自{{inh|be|sla-pro|*ranъ}}。與{{cog|ru|ра́но}}同源。
====副詞====
{{be-adv|ра́на}}
# [[早]]
#: {{ant|be|по́зна}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|be|ра́нні}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|be|sla-pro|*ràna}}。與{{cog|ru|ра́на}}同源。
====名詞====
{{be-noun|ра́на<>}}
# [[傷口]]
=====變格=====
{{be-ndecl|ра́на<>}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|be|раніць}}
** {{l|be|пара́ніць}}
===來源===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
{{topics|be|醫學}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|bg|sla-pro|*rana}}。可能是由{{affix|bg|вра|t1=推,用力推|-на|id2=動作後綴}} (在*-r-之前有规律地失去*w-)或來自未知底層詞彙的組合名詞。
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|ра́на|f}}
# [[傷口]]
# [[傷害]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|ра́на<>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|bg|раня}}, {{l|bg|ранявам||受傷}}
** {{l|bg|ранен||受傷的}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:BER|рана¹|180|6}}
{{topics|bg|醫學}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*rana}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-рана.wav}}
* {{rhymes|mk|ana|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|dim=раничка}}
# [[傷口]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|ран}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*rana}}。
===名詞===
{{cu-noun|f}}
# [[傷口]]
====變格====
{{cu-decl-noun-a|ран}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|pl|rana}}
* {{desc|ru|ра́на}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|рана|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|rana|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sl|rana}}
* {{desc|bg|рана}}
* {{desc|ro|rană}}
{{bottom}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*rana}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ра́на}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-рано.ogg}}
* {{homophones|ru|ра́но}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|ра́на|dim=ра́нка}}
# [[傷口]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|ра́на}}
{{ru-noun-table|old=1|ра́на}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|ране́ние}}
* {{l|ru|ра́неный}}
* {{l|ru|ра́нить}}
{{topics|ru|醫學}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*rana}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/râna/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ра|на}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|ра̏на|f}}
# [[傷口]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|рана|ране
|ране|рана
|рани|ранама
|рану|ране
|рано|ране
|рани|ранама
|раном|ранама
}}
{{topics|sh|醫學}}
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{{also|ні|ни-|Appendix:"ni"的變體}}
==保加利亞語==
===發音===
* {{bg-IPA|ни}}
===詞源1===
====代詞====
{{head|bg|代詞變格形|人稱||所有格}}
# {{non-gloss definition|第一人稱複數代詞賓格的短形式,用作動詞的直接賓語}};[[我們]]
#: {{ux|bg|Не мисля, че '''ни''' видяха да идваме.|我覺得他們沒看見'''我們'''來了。}}
# {{non-gloss definition|第一人稱複數代詞與格的短形式,用作動詞的間接賓語}};向/為/給[[我們]]
#: {{ux|bg|Бихте ли '''ни''' казали в колко часа каца самолетът?|你能告訴'''我們'''飛機什麼時候降落嗎?}}
# {{non-gloss definition|第一人稱複數代詞所有格的短形式}};[[我們]]的
#: {{ux|bg|Първата '''ни''' спирка е Париж.|'''我們的'''第一站是巴黎。}}
=====相關詞=====
{{Bulgarian personal pronouns}}
{{Bulgarian possessive pronouns}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|bg|sla-pro|*ni}}。
====助詞====
{{head|bg|助詞}}
# {{non-gloss definition|用於增強“沒有什麼/什麼人”的句意}};[[一個]]也[[不]],[[一點]]也[[沒]]
#: {{ux|bg|Не обели '''ни''' дума.|他'''一句'''話'''也沒'''說。}}
#: {{ux|bg|'''Ни''' един от хората, които бях поканил, не дойде.|我邀請的人'''一個也沒'''到場。}}
#: {{syn|bg|ни́то}}
====連詞====
{{head|bg|連詞}}
# {{non-gloss definition|用於指否定的描述對兩個事物都應用}};[[都]][[不]],既不……也不……
#: {{ux|bg|Това е '''ни''' в клин, '''ни''' в ръкав.|'''既不'''在這裡,'''也不'''在那裡。}}
#: {{ux|bg|Тя '''ни''' знае, '''ни''' се интересува какво се е случило.|她'''不'''知道發生了什麼,'''也並不'''關心。}}
#: {{syn|bg|ни́то}}
==東干語==
===詞源===
與標準{{cog|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|你}}同源。
===發音===
{{dng-pron|ни2}}
===代詞===
{{head|dng|代詞|II}}
# [[你]]
== 埃爾齊亞語 ==
===名詞===
{{head|myv|名詞|tr=ni}}
# [[妻子]]
{{C|myv|家庭}}
==列茲金語==
===詞源===
與{{cog|aqc|ди}}同族。
===名詞===
{{head|lez|名詞}}
# [[氣味]]
====變格====
{{lez-decl-noun}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*ni}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===連詞===
{{head|mk|連詞}}
# [[都]][[不]]
#: {{ux|mk|Нема ни жена '''ни''' деца.|他'''既沒有'''老婆,'''也沒有'''孩子。}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|mk|ниту}}
===助詞===
{{head|mk|助詞}}
# [[連]]……都[[不]]
#: {{ux|mk|'''Ни''' мајката не те сака.|'''連'''你媽媽'''都不'''愛你。}}
#: {{ux|mk|Не сакаше '''ни''' да се обиде.|他'''甚至都不'''想嘗試。}}
# [[也]]不
#: {{ux|mk|'''Ни''' јас не сакам да дојдам.|我'''也不'''想來。}}
===代詞===
{{head|mk|代詞變格形}}
# {{infl of|mk|ние||短|間接|賓語}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|n}}
# 希臘字母 [[Ν]] / [[ν]] 的名稱
== 尼夫赫語 ==
===發音===
* {{IPA|niv|[ɲi]}}
===代詞===
{{head|niv|代詞}}
# [[我]]
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*ni||不,否}},來自{{der|cu|ine-bsl-pro|*nei}},來自{{der|cu|ine-pro|*nei}}。
===連詞===
{{cu-con}}
# [[不]]
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|ни|не}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ни|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ni|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|sl|ni}}
* {{desc|uk|ні}}
{{bottom}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|cu|не}}
==俄語==
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-ни.ogg}}
* {{homophones|ru|не}} {{qualifier|不重讀時}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ru|orv|ни}},來自{{inh|ru|sla-pro|*ni}}。
====連詞====
{{head|ru|連詞}}
# [[都]][[不]],既不……也不……
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ни''' [[он]], '''ни''' [[она́]]|他和她'''都不'''}}
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ни''' [[кушать|ку́шает]], '''ни''' [[спать|спит]]|'''不'''吃'''不'''睡}}
====助詞====
{{head|ru|助詞}}
# [[一個]]也[[不]],[[沒有]]一個
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ни''' [[оди́н]] [[из]] [[сто|ста]]|百中'''無'''一}}
# {{qual|置於人稱代詞和肯定形式的動詞之間}} [[不管]],[[無論]]
#: {{uxi|ru|[[что]] [[он]] '''ни''' [[говорить|ска́жет]]|'''無論'''他說什麼}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[как]] [[бы]] [[он]] '''ни''' [[быть|был]] [[богатый|бога́т]]|'''不管'''他是多麼有錢}}
# {{qual|置於 [[какой]]、[[кто]]、[[что]] 前}} [[無]]
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ни''' [[в]] [[како́й]] [[книга|кни́ге]]|所有書裡都沒有}}
#: {{uxi|ru|'''ни''' [[на]] [[что]] [[не]] [[годиться|годи́тся]]|一無是處,沒用}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ru|el|νι}}。
====名詞====
{{ru-noun|ни|n-in|-}}
# {{topics|ru|希臘字母名稱}} 現代希臘字母[[Ν]]/[[ν]]的名稱
#: {{syn|ru|ню|q1=古代或現代}}
== 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*ni||不,否}},來自{{der|sh|ine-bsl-pro|*nej}},來自{{der|sh|ine-pro|*ney}}。對照{{m|sh|ни-}}、{{m|sh|не}}。
===助詞===
{{sh-pcl}}
# {{qual|增強否定義}} [[連]]……也[[不]]
#: {{ux|sh|'''ни''' ја то не знам|'''連'''我'''都不'''知道;我'''也不'''知道|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|sh|нисам хт(ј)ео '''ни''' да чујем за пр(иј)едлог|這提議我聽'''都不'''想聽|inline=1}}
===連詞===
{{sh-conjunction}}
# [[都]][[不]],既不……也不……
#: {{ux|sh|она није '''ни''' паметна '''ни'''(ти) марљива|她'''既不'''聰明,'''也不'''勤奮|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|sh|'''ни''' трага '''ни''' гласа о ..|關於……'''沒有'''蹤跡'''也沒有'''音訊|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|sh|'''ни''' крив '''ни''' дужан|完全無辜|lit='''既無'''罪'''也沒有'''義務|inline=1}}
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==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|салфе́тка}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|head=салфе́тка}}
# [[餐巾]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f-e|салфетк}}
==蒙古語==
===替代寫法===
* {{l|mn|салфетик}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|салфе́тка}},來自{{der|mn|de|Salvette}},來自{{der|mn|it|salvietta}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun}}
# [[餐巾]]
====同義詞====
* {{l|mn|алчуур}}, {{l|mn|амны алчуур}}, {{l|mn|хоолойвч}}
====參見====
* {{l|mn|ам арчих цаас}}
===來源===
* {{R:mn:BT}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|de|Salvette}},來自{{der|ru|it|salvietta}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|салфе́тка}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-салфетка.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|салфе́тка|*|adj=салфе́точный|dim=салфе́точка}}
# [[餐巾]]
# [[裝飾]][[墊子]]
# [[濕巾]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|салфе́тка|*}}
{{ru-noun-table|салфе́тка|*|old=1}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|салфе́точница}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|salfet|der=1}}
* {{desc|hy|սալֆետկա|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|სალფეთქი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|салфетка|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|салфетка|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|салфетка|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|салфетка|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|salfetka|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|سالفېتكا|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|salfetka|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|салфетка|bor=1}}
==雅庫特語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sah|ru|салфе́тка}}。與{{cog|en|serviette}}相關。
===名詞===
{{sah-noun}}
# [[餐巾]]
====同類別詞彙====
* {{l|sah|ыскаатар|t=桌巾}}
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*obolstь}}。
===名詞===
{{cu-noun|f}}
# [[權力]],[[司法權]]
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|cu|область}},來自{{der|ru|sla-pro|*obolstь}}。本土詞{{cog|orv|оболость}}的移位。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|о́бласть}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-область.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|e|о́бласть|f|adj=областно́й}}
# [[地區]],[[州]],[[省]]
#: {{ux|ru|В январе́ 2005 го́да а́втор обрати́лась в Управле́ние по исполне́нию уголо́вных наказа́ний с про́сьбой перевести́ её сы́на в Ташке́нтскую '''о́бласть'''.|2005年1月,提交人要求惩教部门将她的儿子转移到塔什干'''州'''。}}
# [[領域]]
#: {{ux|ru|В тако́м слу́чае Комите́т мо́жет изуча́ть и испо́льзовать э́ти све́дения без наруше́ния при́нципа конфиденциа́льности, поско́льку они́ перешли́ в '''о́бласть''' публи́чной информа́ции.|在这种情况下,委员会可以在不违反保密原则的情况下查阅和使用该信息,因为它已经进入公共'''领域'''。}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|e|о́бласть|f}}
{{ru-noun-table|old=1|e|о́бласть|f}}
====派生詞====
{{hcol}}
* {{desc|bua|область|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cmg|ᠣᠪᠯᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠢ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|oblasti|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|وبلىس|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|облыс|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ky|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ky|облус|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|область|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ug|ئوبلاست|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uz|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|область|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|uz|oblast|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|уобалас|bor=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|ru|край}}
===來源===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|область}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|область|586|1}}
{{topics|ru|行政區劃}}
==盧森尼亞語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|rue|cu|область}},來自{{der|rue|sla-pro|*obolstь}}。本土詞{{cog|orv|оболость}}的移位。
===名詞===
{{rue-noun|о́бласть|g=f}}
# [[地區]],[[州]],[[省]]
==烏克蘭語==
{{wiki|lang=uk}}
[[Image:Map of Ukraine Oblasts simple 4 colors.svg|thumb|250px|[[w:uk:Область_України|'''Області''' України.]]]]
===替代寫法===
* {{l|uk|обл.}} (縮寫)
===詞源===
源自{{bor|uk|cu|область}},來自{{der|uk|sla-pro|*obolstь}}。本土詞{{cog|orv|оболость}}的移位。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|о́бласть}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-область.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|о́бласть<F.#>|adj=обласни́й}}
# [[地區]],[[州]],[[省]]
# [[領域]]
# {{lb|uk|mathematics}} [[定義域]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|о́бласть<F.#>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{topics|uk|行政區劃}}
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==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|bg|ru|самова́р|lit=自己煮}};來自{{m|ru|сам|само́|自己}} + {{m|ru|вари́ть||煮沸,沸騰}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-IPA|самова́р}}
* {{audio|bg|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-самовар.wav}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|самова́р|m}}
# [[薩摩瓦爾]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|самова́р<>}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|bg|a=аавморс|варосам}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|mk|ru|самова́р|lit=自己煮}},來自{{m|ru|сам|само́|自我}} + {{m|ru|вари́ть||煮沸,沸騰}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m}}
# [[薩摩瓦爾]]
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|Самовар|lang=ru}}
[[Image:Samovar.silver.jpg|thumb|Самовар.]]
===詞源===
來自{{af|ru|само-|t1=表示自己的前綴}} + {{m|ru|вари́ть||煮沸}}的副名詞形式。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|самова́р}}
* {{audio|ru|LL-Q7737 (rus)-DomesticFrog-самовар.wav}}
* {{rhymes|ru|ar|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|самова́р|adj=самова́рный|dim=самова́рчик}}
# [[薩摩瓦爾]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|самова́р}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|самова́ришко|g=m}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|սամովար|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|samovar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|самауыр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|самова́р|bor=1}}
* 漢語:
*: {{desc|cmn|薩摩瓦爾|bor=1}}
* {{desc|da|samovar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|samovar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|სამოვარი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|σαμοβάρι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|サモワール|tr=samowāru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|самауыр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|사모바르|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kum|сумавар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|semawer|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|самоор|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|самовар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|سماور|tr=samâvar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|samowar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|самовар|sclang=1|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|samovar|sclang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sk|samovar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|semaver|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|semawar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ساماۋار|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|samovar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|сылабаар|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|炊具}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|sh|ru|самова́р|lit=自己煮}};來自{{com|ru|сам|alt1=само́|t1=自我|вари́ть|t2=煮沸,沸騰|nocat=1}}。
===發音===
* {{sh-IPA|са̏мова̄р}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|са̏мова̄р|m}}
# [[薩摩瓦爾]]
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==保加利亞語==
{{wikipedia|lang=bg}}
{{elements|mk|Pb|талий|Tl|бисмут|Bi}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|bg|sla-pro|*olovo}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|оло́во|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|оло́во|n}}
# {{lb|bg|uncountable}} [[鉛]]
#: {{uxi|bg|покрит с '''олово'''|t='''鉛'''板}}
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|оло́во</n:sg>}}
==馬其頓語==
{{elements|mk|Pb|талиум|Tl|бизмут|Bi}}
===詞源===
來自{{inh|mk|sla-pro|*olovo}}。
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-{{PAGENAME}}.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|n|adj=оловен}}
# [[鉛]]
# {{lb|mk|fishing}} [[鉛錘]],[[墜子]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-n|n=sg|олов}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*olovo}}。
===名詞===
{{cu-noun|n}}
# [[鉛]]
====變格====
{{cu-decl-noun-o-n|олов}}
====派生詞====
{{rel-top|派生自олово的詞}}
* {{desc|be|волава}}
* {{desc|bg|олово}}
* {{desc|cs|olovo}}
* {{desc|mk|олово}}
* {{desc|pl|ołów}}
* {{desc|ru|о́лово}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|олово|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|olovo|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|olovo}}
* {{desc|uk|олово}}
{{rel-bottom}}
{{topics|cu|化學元素|金屬}}
==古東斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|orv|sla-pro|*ȍlovo}}。
===名詞===
{{orv-noun|n}}
# 早期指[[鉛]]([[石墨]])或[[錫]]([[白鉛]])兩種金屬
#: {{syn|orv|свиньць}}
====變格====
{{orv-decl-noun-n-o|оло|в}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|zle-mbe|олово|alt=о́лово}}、{{l|zle-mbe|олов|о́лов}}
** {{desc|be|во́лава}};{{l|be|во́лаво}}、{{l|be|го́лово}} {{qual|方言}}
* {{desc|ru|о́лово|t=錫}};{{l|ru|ловь}} {{qual|方言}}
* {{desc|uk|о́лово|t=錫}};{{l|uk|го́луво}} {{qual|棄用}}
===來源===
* {{R:orv:Sreznevsky|олово|661|2}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
{{elements|ru|Sn|и́ндий|In|сурьма́|Sb}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|orv|олово|t=鉛,錫}},來自{{inh|ru|sla-pro|*olovo|t=鉛,錫}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|о́лово}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|о́лово}}
# [[錫]]
#: {{syn|ru|ста́ннум}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|о́лово}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|оловоно́сный}}
* {{l|ru|оловя́нный}}
{{topics|ru|金屬}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*olovo}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/ôloʋo/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|о|ло|во}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|о̏лово|n}}
# [[鉛]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|олово|олова
|олова|олова
|олову|оловима
|олово|олова
|олово|олова
|олову|оловима
|оловом|оловима
}}
{{C|sh|化學元素}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
{{elements|uk|Sn|і́ндій|In|сти́бій|next2=сурма́|Sb}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|sla-pro|*olovo|t=鉛}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|о́лово}}
* {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-олово.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|о́лово<sg>|adj=олов'я́ний}}
# [[錫]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|о́лово<sg>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20|3=11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{topics|uk|金屬}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|be|о́пэра||Taraškievica}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|be|it|opera}}。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|о́пера}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|о́пера<>|adj=о́перны}}
# [[戲劇]]
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|о́пера<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
{{topics|be|音樂}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|bg|it|opera}}。
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|о́пера|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|о́пера|f|adj=о́перен}}
# [[歌劇]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|о́пера<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{topics|bg|音樂}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|опера|وپەرا}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|о́пера}},來自{{der|kk|it|opera}},來自{{der|kk|la|opera}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[歌劇]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|а|а}}
{{topics|kk|音樂}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|f|adj=оперски}}
# [[歌劇]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-f|опер}}
==俄語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ru|it|opera}}。
====發音====
* {{ru-IPA|о́пера}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-опера.ogg}}
====名詞====
{{ru-noun+|о́пера|adj=о́перный}}
# {{lb|ru|music}} [[歌劇]]
# [[歌劇院]]
# {{lb|ru|figuratively}} [[類別]],[[脈絡]] ({{n-g|在以下結構中}})
#: {{uxi|ru|[[из]] [[друго́й]] '''о́перы'''|不同的事情/無關的}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[из]] [[тот же|той же]] '''о́перы'''|相關/一脈相承}}
=====變格=====
{{ru-noun-table|о́пера}}
{{ru-noun-table|о́пера|old=1}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|ru|рок-о́пера}}
* {{l|ru|зонг-о́пера}}
* {{l|ru|о́перный}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|bua|оперо|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|وپەرا|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|опера|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mn|опер|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{ru-IPA|о́пера|ann=y}}
* {{ru-IPA|опера́|ann=y}}
====名詞====
{{ru-noun form|о́пера|m-an}}
# {{inflection of|ru|о́пер||gen//acc|s}}
====名詞====
{{ru-noun form|опера́|m-an-p}}
# {{inflection of|ru|о́пер||nom|p}}
{{topics|ru|音樂}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|sh|it|opera}},來自{{der|sh|la|opera}}。
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|о̏пера|f}}
# [[歌劇]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|опера|опере
|опере|опера
|опери|операма
|оперу|опере
|оперо|опере
|опери|операма
|опером|операма
}}
{{C|sh|音樂}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|uk|it|opera}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|о́пера}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-опера.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|о́пера<>|adj=о́перний}}
# [[歌劇]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|о́пера<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|音樂}}
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{{also|пясти}}
==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源1===
{{root|cu|ine-pro|*peh₂-}}
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*pasti||放牧}},來自{{der|cu|ine-pro|*peh₂-||防護}}。
====動詞====
{{cu-verb}}
# [[放牧]]
# [[餵養]],[[飼養]]
=====屈折=====
{{cu-conj-present|пасѫ|пасе}}
=====變格=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|пасти}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|па̑сти|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|pȃsti|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|sl|pasti}}
* {{desc|bg|паса}}
{{bottom}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*pasti||落下}}。與{{cog|la|pes|рēs}}、{{cog|sa|पद्|tr=pád}}、{{cog|grc|πούς}}、{{cog|ang|fōt||足}}同源。
====動詞====
{{head|cu|動詞|tr=pasti}} {{lb|cu|reflexive}} {{g|pf}} {{lb|cu|古東教會斯拉夫語}}
# [[落下]],[[掉落]]
#* '''1581''', ''Ostrog Bible'', Psalms 118.13:
#*: {{quote|cu|Възриновенъ преклоних̑сѧ '''па́сти''', и҆ г҃ь прїа́т꙽ мѧ·|你曾向我猛烈攻擊,使我'''跌倒''',但耶和華幫助我。}}
# [[掉落]]
# [[消滅]]
=====屈折=====
{{cu-conj-present|падѫ|паде}}
=====衍生詞=====
{{top3}}
* {{l|cu|въпасти}}
* {{l|cu|допасти}}
* {{l|cu|испасти}}
* {{l|cu|напасти}}
* {{l|cu|низъпасти}}
* {{l|cu|отъпасти}}
* {{l|cu|оупасти}}
* {{l|cu|припасти}}
* {{l|cu|распасти}}
* {{l|cu|съпад}}
* {{l|cu|съпасти}}
{{bottom}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|cu|падати}}
=====派生詞=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|пасть}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|па̏сти|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|pȁsti|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|sl|pasti}}
* {{desc|bg|падам}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* S. C. Gardiner, ''Old church Slavonic: an elementary grammar'', Cambridge University Press, 1984.
==俄語==
===詞源1===
{{root|ru|ine-pro|*peh₂-}}
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*pastì}},來自{{der|ru|ine-pro|*peh₂-}}。
====發音====
* {{ru-IPA|пасти́}}
====動詞====
{{ru-verb|пасти́|impf}}
# [[放牧]]
# {{lb|ru|slang}} [[跟隨]],[[尾隨]]
#* {{quote-book|ru|year=2007|author=Андрей Юрьевич Курков ([[w:安德烈·克考夫|安德烈·尤里耶維奇·克考夫]])|title=Игра в отрезанный палец|newversion=translated as|title2=The Case of the General's Thumb|chapter=54|text=[[двое|Дво́е]] [[в]] [[джинсовый|джи́нсовых]] [[костюм|костю́мах]] [[удирать|удира́ли]] [[из]] Ки́ева [[на]] сле́дующий день [[по́сле]] [[смерть|сме́рти]] Брони́цкого... [[двое|Дво́е]] [[другой|други́х]] '''пасли́''' их [[в]] По́льше [[до]] [[граница|грани́цы]] [[с]] Герма́нией.|t=這兩個身穿牛仔服的人在 Bronitsky 死後的隔天從基輔逃出來。另外兩個人則從波蘭'''跟蹤'''他們到德國邊境。|translator2=George Bird}}
=====屈折=====
{{ru-conj|impf|7b/b+p|пасти́|пас|prpp=пасо́мый*|notes=* 過時。}}
{{ru-conj|impf|7b/b+p|пасти́|пас|prpp=пасо́мый*|notes=* 過時。|old=1}}
=====衍生詞=====
{{top2}}
'''非完整體'''
* {{l|ru|пасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|выпаса́ть}}
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|запаса́ть}}
* {{l|ru|запаса́ться}}
* {{l|ru|напаса́ть}}
* {{l|ru|напаса́ться}}
* {{l|ru|опаса́ться}}
* (無對等形式)
* (無對等形式)
* (無對等形式)
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|припаса́ть}}
* {{l|ru|припаса́ться}}
* (無對等形式)
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|спаса́ть}}
* {{l|ru|спаса́ться}}
* (無對等形式)
* (無對等形式)
{{mid2}}
'''完整體'''
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|вы́пасти}}
* {{l|ru|допасти́}}
* {{l|ru|запасти́}}
* {{l|ru|запасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|напасти́}}
* {{l|ru|напасти́сь}}
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|отпасти́}}
* {{l|ru|отпасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|попасти́}}
* {{l|ru|попасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|припасти́}}
* {{l|ru|припасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|пропасти́}}
* {{l|ru|пропасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|спасти́}}
* {{l|ru|спасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|упасти́}}
* {{l|ru|упасти́сь}}
{{bottom}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|ru|вы́пас}}
* {{l|ru|па́стбище}}
* {{l|ru|па́ства}}
* {{l|ru|пасту́х}}
* {{l|ru|па́стырь}}
* {{l|ru|подпасок}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{ru-IPA|па́сти}}
====名詞====
{{ru-noun form|па́сти|f-in|g2=f-in-p}}
# {{inflection of|ru|пасть||gen//dat//pre|s|;|nom//acc|p}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源1===
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*pasti}},來自{{der|sh|ine-pro|*ped-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*pod-}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|sh|/pâsti/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|па|сти}}
====動詞====
{{sh-verb|па̏сти|pf}}
# {{lb|sh|intransitive}} [[降落]]
#: {{uxi|sh|'''пасти''' на памет|to come into mind (compare {{noncog|de|einfallen}})}}
# {{lb|sh|informal}} [[考試]]不[[及格]],或類似的測驗
#: {{uxi|sh|'''Пао''' сам на испиту из француског.|我法語考試'''不及格'''。}}
#: {{uxi|sh|'''Пао''' сам француски.|我法語'''不及格'''。(與上面意思相同,但較不正式)}}
=====屈折=====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|p.va=па̑вши
|pr.1s=[[паднем]]<br>[[панем]]
|pr.2s=[[паднеш]]<br>[[панеш]]
|pr.3s=[[падне]]<br>[[пане]]
|pr.1p=[[паднемо]]<br>[[панемо]]
|pr.2p=[[паднете]]<br>[[панете]]
|pr.3p=[[падну]]<br>[[пану]]
|f1.hr=паст
|f1.stem=паш
|a.1s=падох
|a.2s=паде
|a.3s=паде
|a.1p=падосмо
|a.2p=падосте
|a.3p=падоше
|impt.2s=[[падни]]<br>[[пани]]
|impt.1p=[[паднимо]]<br>[[панимо]]
|impt.2p=[[падните]]<br>[[паните]]
|app.ms=пао
|app.fs=пала
|app.ns=пало
|app.mp=пали
|app.fp=пале
|app.np=пала
}}
=====衍生詞=====
{{col4|sh
|до̀пасти
|ѝспасти
|на̀пасти
|о̀пасти
|о̀тпасти
|по̀пасти
|по̀тпасти
|прѐпасти
|прѝпасти
|про̀пасти
|распасти
|спа̏сти
|спо̀пасти
|у̀пасти
|за̀пасти
}}
=====相關詞=====
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|па̏дати|g=impf}}
===詞源2===
{{root|sh|ine-pro|*peh₂-}}
來自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*pasti}},來自{{der|sh|ine-pro|*peh₂-||放牧}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|sh|/pâːsti/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|па|сти}}
====動詞====
{{sh-verb|па̑сти|impf}}
# {{lb|sh|ambitransitive}} [[放牧]]
=====屈折=====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|pr.va=па́сӯћи
|pr.1s=пасем
|pr.2s=пасеш
|pr.3s=пасе
|pr.1p=пасемо
|pr.2p=пасете
|pr.3p=пасу
|f1.hr=паст
|f1.stem=паш
|impf.1s=пасијах
|impf.2s=пасијаше
|impf.3s=пасијаше
|impf.1p=пасијасмо
|impf.2p=пасијасте
|impf.3p=пасијаху
|impt.2s=паси
|impt.1p=пасимо
|impt.2p=пасите
|app.ms=пасао
|app.fs=пасла
|app.ns=пасло
|app.mp=пасли
|app.fp=пасле
|app.np=пасла
|ppp.ms=пасен
|ppp.fs=пасена
|ppp.ns=пасено
|ppp.mp=пасени
|ppp.fp=пасене
|ppp.np=пасена
}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|на̀па̄сти}}
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|по̀па̄сти}}
===來源===
* {{R:sh:HJP|eV9nWxU%3D}}
* {{R:sh:HJP|eV9nWxQ%3D}}
==烏克蘭語==
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|па́сти}}
===詞源1===
來自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*pasti}}。
====動詞====
{{uk-verb|па́сти|impf}}
# {{lb|uk|transitive}} [[放牧]]
=====屈折=====
{{uk-conj|па́сти<7b/a.impf.tr.с.-ppp>}}
===詞源2===
來自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*pàsti}}。
====動詞====
{{uk-verb|па́сти|pf}}
# {{lb|uk|intransitive}} [[掉落]]
# {{lb|uk|intransitive}} [[滴]]
=====屈折=====
{{uk-conj|па́сти<7b/a.pf.intr.д>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
bj0jw5hjpu8726aelrqeca3briuzrbj
телефон
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{{also|тэлефон}}
==巴什基爾語==
[[Image:TelefonicaTelefono80sCNTE8008-G.jpg|300px|thumb|Телефон.]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|ba|ru|телефо́н}},來自{{der|ba|fr|téléphone}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ba|[tʲilʲiˈfo̞n]}}
* {{hyphenation|ba|те|ле|фон}}
===名詞===
{{ba-noun}}
# [[電話]]
#: {{ux|ba|Кеҫә '''телефоны'''.|手機|lit=口袋裡的'''電話'''}}
#: {{ux|ba|Шаршау асылмаҫ элек сәхнәгә Актёр сыға, ҡулында '''телефон'''.|translation=在大幕拉開前,演員上台了,他的手裡拿著'''電話'''。}}
====變格====
{{ba-ndecl-c|ы|н}}
==保加利亞語==
===發音===
* {{bg-IPA|телефо́н}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|телефо́н|m|adj=телефо́нен}}
# [[電話]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|телефо́н<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:bg:RBE}}
* {{R:bg:RBE2}}
{{topics|bg|電話}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|телефон|تەلەفون}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|телефо́н}},來自{{der|kk|fr|téléphone}},來自{{der|kk|grc|τῆλε||遠方}} + {{m|grc|φωνή||聲音}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kk|[tʲilʲiˈfon]}}
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[電話]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|о|н}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|kk|телефондау}}
* {{l|kk|телефондық}}
* {{l|kk|телефоншы}}
{{topics|bg|通信}}
==茲梁科米語==
[[Image:Ericsson200.jpg|thumb|Телефон.]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|kpv|ru|телефон}}。
===發音===
* {{kpv-IPA|телефо́н}}
* {{hyph|kpv|те|ле|фон}}
===名詞===
{{head|kpv|名詞}}
# [[電話]]
#* {{quote-book|kpv|title='''Телефон'''|trans-title='''電話'''|author={{w|科爾涅伊·楚科夫斯基}}|year=1963|translator=Y. Samarin|text='''Телефон''' менам зилькнитіс тӧн:<br />— Коді сёрнитӧ?<br />— Слӧн.|t=昨天,我的'''電話'''響了:<br />誰在打電話?<br />大象。|page=3}}
====變格====
{{kpv-decl}}
===來源===
* {{R:kpv:Beznosikova:2000|page=635}}
{{topics|kpv|電信|電子學}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA|телефо́н}}
* {{audio|mk|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-телефон.wav}}
* {{hyphenation|mk|те|ле|фон}}
===名詞===
{{head|mk|名詞|head=телефо́н|g=m|關係形容詞|телефо́нски|指小詞|телефо́нче}}
# [[電話]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m}}
===來源===
* {{R:mk:DRMJ}}
{{topics|mk|通信}}
==蒙古語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|телефо́н}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA|телефо́н}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|ᠲ᠋ᠧᠯᠧᠹᠣᠨ}}
# {{topics|mn|電信|電話}} [[電話]]
#: {{syn|mn|утас}}
====變格====
{{rfinfl|mn|名詞}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|телефо́нъ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
源頭來自{{der|ru|grc|τῆλε|t=遠方}} + {{m|grc|φωνή|t=聲音}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|телефо́н}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-телефон.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|телефо́н|adj=телефо́нный|dim=телефо́нчик}}
# [[電話]]
# {{lb|ru|colloquial}} [[電話號碼]]
#: {{uxi|ru|Дай мне свой '''телефо́н'''.|告訴我你的'''電話號碼'''。}}
#: {{uxi|ru|Скинь '''телефо́н''' на мой почто́вый я́щик.|把'''電話號碼'''發到我的電子郵件信箱裡。}}
# [[助聽器]],[[耳機]],頭戴耳機
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|телефо́н}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|телефони́рование}}
* {{l|ru|телефони́ровать}}
* {{l|ru|телефони́ст}}
* {{l|ru|телефони́я|g=f}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|տելեֆոն|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ტელეფონი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|telefona|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kpv|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sjd|тэльфонн|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|телефон|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲ᠋ᠧᠯᠧᠹᠣᠨ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|телефон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|telefon|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|تېلېفون|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|telefon|bor=1}}
{{topics|ru|電話}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===發音===
* {{sh-IPA|телѐфо̄н}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|телѐфо̄н|m-in}}
# [[電話]]
# {{lb|sh|colloquial}} [[電話號碼]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|телефон|телефони
|телефона|телефона
|телефону|телефонима
|телефон|телефоне
|телефоне|телефони
|телефону|телефонима
|телефоном|телефонима
}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|телѐфо̄нскӣ}}
==塔吉克語==
{{wikipedia|lang=tg}}
===詞源===
源頭來自{{cog|grc|tg|τῆλε|t=遠方}} + {{cog|grc|tg|φωνή|t=聲音}},可能經由俄語。
===發音===
* {{IPA|tg|/teleˈfɔn/}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|تیلفون|تلفن|телефон}}
{{tg-noun}}
# [[電話]]
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|uk|тел.}} {{qual|縮寫}}
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|телефо́н}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-телефон.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|телефо́н<genu>}}
# [[電話]]
# {{lb|uk|colloquial}} [[電話號碼]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|телефо́н<genu>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|電話}}
ax0u4hck6f9ol7n3vgb1mrxom11yuv6
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{{also|тӧвар}}
==保加利亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|bg|sla-pro|*tovarъ}}。{{dercat|bg|trk-pro}}
===發音===
* {{bg-IPA|това́р}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|това́р|m}}
# [[商品]],[[產品]],[[物品]],[[貨物]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|това́р<>}}
==馬其頓語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mk|sla-pro|*tovarъ}}。{{dercat|mk|trk-pro}}
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mk-noun|m|adj=товарен}}
# [[包袱]],[[貨物]]
# {{lb|mk|figurative}} [[義務]]
====變格====
{{mk-decl-noun-m}}
==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|това́ръ||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*tovarъ}}。{{dercat|ru|trk-pro}}
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|това́р}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-товар.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|това́р|adj=това́рный}}
# [[商品]],[[產品]],[[物品]],[[貨物]]
# {{lb|ru|in the plural}} [[商品]],[[產品]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|това́р}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|товарооборо́т|g=m}}
* {{l|ru|товарообме́н}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|fi|tavara|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|tavara|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kpv|тӧвар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|таваар|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|vep|tavar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sah|табаар|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:BTS}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*tovarъ}}。{{dercat|sh|trk-pro}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|то̀вар|m-an}}
# [[包袱]],[[貨物]]
# {{lb|sh|Chakavian}} [[驢]]
# {{lb|sh|ethnic slur}} 來自達爾馬提亞的人
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun|sc=Cyrl
|товар|товари
|товара|товара
|товару|товарима
|товара|товаре
|товаре|товари
|товару|товарима
|товаром|товарима
}}
====引文====
* {{seeCites|sh|tovar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sh:HJP|f19kWxR7}}
{{C|sh|馬科動物|人}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|sla-pro|*tovarъ}}。{{dercat|uk|trk-pro}}
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|това́р}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-товар.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|това́р<genu>}}
# [[商品]],[[產品]],[[物品]],[[貨物]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|това́р<genu>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
ke3p1uvhlq5wcnahi3s3f3mfh2lnqkd
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{{also|трамваи|трамвај}}
==保加利亞語==
[[Image:Sofia-trams.jpg|thumb|трамвай]]
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|трамва́й|a=[KK]}}
===名詞===
{{bg-noun|трамва́й|m}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|трамва́й<>}}
{{C|bg|運輸}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|трамвай|ترامۆاي}}
{{wikipedia|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|трамва́й}},來自{{der|kk|fr|tramway}},來自{{der|kk|en|tramway}}。
===名詞===
{{kk-noun}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
====變格====
{{kk-noun-c|а|й}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|kk|трамвайлық}}
{{topics|kk|運輸}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ky|ru|трамва́й}}。
===名詞===
{{ky-noun}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
{{topics|ky|運輸}}
==蒙古語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|mn|ru|трамва́й}}。
===發音===
{{mn-IPA|трамва́й}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠮᠸᠠᠢ}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
{{topics|mn|運輸}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|fr|tramway}},來自{{der|ru|en|tramway}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|трамва́й}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-трамвай.ogg}}
===名詞===
[[Image:Nagatino-Sadovniki tram on NagatinskayaStreet img2 05-2015.jpg|thumb|трамвай]]
{{ru-noun+|трамва́й|adj=трамва́йный|dim=трамва́йчик}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|трамва́й}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|трамва́йщик}}、{{l|ru|трамва́йщица}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|hy|տրամվայ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|tramvay|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|трамвай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|трамва́й|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ტრამვაი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|трамвай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|трамвай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|трамвай|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠲ᠋ᠷᠠᠮᠸᠠᠢ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pl|tramwaj|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|трамвай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|трамвай|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|tramwaý|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|трамва́й|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ترامۋاي|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|tramvay|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer}}
{{topics|ru|運輸}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|трамва́й}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-трамвай.ogg}}
* {{rhymes|uk|aj|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|трамва́й<>}}
# [[電車]]
# [[有軌電車]],[[無軌電車]],[[輕軌]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|трамва́й<>}}
===來源===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
{{topics|uk|運輸}}
qx4xd5gg87zfwrujurz8l6jh3hnt7e8
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==西班牙语==
[[Category:西班牙语]]
[[Category:西班牙语名词]]
f. 课程,训练,技艺,纪律,鞭子{{-pt-}}
纪律
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{m|la|discipulīna}},来自{{m|la|discipulus}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|disciplīna}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|disciplīna<1>}}
# 訓練,教導
# 教育
# 學識,知識
# 學科
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|disciplīna<1>}}
====派生语汇====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ca|disciplina}}
* {{desc|fr|discipline}}
* {{desc|fur|dissipline}}
* {{desc|gl|disciplina}}
* {{desc|it|disciplina}}
* {{desc|oc|disciplina}}
* {{desc|pms|dissiplin-a}}
* {{desc|pt|disciplina}}
* {{desc|es|disciplina}}
* {{desc|da|disciplin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|discipline|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Disziplin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|disciplină|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|дисциплина|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|дисциплина|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|disciplina|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sv|disciplin|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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{{also|frenó|frenò|freno-}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA|ê}}
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|frenar}}
==伊多語==
===詞源===
{{io-bor|it=freno|es=freno|fr=frein|nodot=1}}、{{bor|io|pt|freio}},源自{{bor|io|la|frēnum}}。
===發音===
{{io-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|io|eno|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{io-noun|fren}}
# [[剎車]],[[制動器]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|io|frenagar|t=剎車,制動}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|fréno,frèno<r:DiPI>}}
===詞源1===
{{dercat|it|itc-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|it|la|frēnum}}。
====名詞====
{{it-noun|m}}
# [[馬銜]]
# [[剎車]],[[制動器]]
# {{lb|it|比喻}} [[限制]],[[控制]],[[約束]],[[遏制]]
#: {{syn|it|controllo|limite|restrizione}}
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|it|frenare}}
* {{l|it|frenaggio}}
* {{l|it|frenata}}
* {{l|it|frenatura}}
* {{l|it|frenulo}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|el|φρένο|bor=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|it|briglia}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:it:Collins}}
* {{R:it:Treccani}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|frenare||1|s|pres|ind}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=efnor|nefro-}}
{{C|it|馬具|交通工具}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{m|la|frenum|t=韁繩}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|frēnō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+.p3inf|frēnō}}
# 裝上[[韁繩]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} [[限制]],[[控制]],[[約束]],[[遏制]]
#* {{Q|la|Virgil|Aeneid|1|522|thru=523|quote=“Ō Rēgīna, novam cui condere Iuppiter urbem<br/>iūstitiāque dedit gentīs '''frēnāre''' superbās, [...].”|trans=“女王啊,朱庇特赐予你统治权,让你建立一座新城市,用正义'''约束'''骄傲的人民,[...]。”}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+.p3inf|frēnō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|dēfrēnātus}}
* {{l|la|effrēnō}}
* {{l|la|infrēnō}}
* {{l|la|refrēnō}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ast|sofronar|esfronar}}
* {{desc|it|frenare}} {{qualifier|可能}}
* {{desc|fro|frener}}
* {{desc|pt|frear}};{{desc|pt|frenar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|scn|frinari}}
* {{desc|es|frenar}} {{qualifier|可能}}
* {{desc|fr|freiner|bor=1}}
===名詞===
{{head|la|名詞變格形|head=frēnō}}
# {{inflection of|la|frēnum||dat//abl|s}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-freno.wav<a:Colombia>>}}
===詞源1===
{{dercat|es|itc-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|es|la|frēnum}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pt|freio}}、{{cog|fr|frein}}。
====名詞====
{{es-noun|m}}
# [[馬銜]]
# {{lb|es|汽車部件}} [[剎車]],[[制動器]]
# {{lb|es|比喻}} [[限制]],[[控制]],[[約束]],[[遏制]]
# {{lb|es|in the plural|墨西哥}} [[牙套]]
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|es|cinta de frenos|disco de freno|pastilla de frenos|freno de disco|freno de mano|freno de tambor|líquido de frenos|luz de freno|pastilla de freno|tascar el freno}}
=====相關詞彙=====
{{col|es|desenfrenado|enfrenar|frenar}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bcl|preno|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ceb|preno|bor=1}}
* {{desc|xtm|frenu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|stp|piriiñ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tl|preno|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|frenar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|es|a=efnor|freón}}
i1quadq2l34u9zuju1gg03yeenozlq5
森林火災
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{{rfd|ja}}
==日语==
森林火災【しんりんかさい】
森林火灾。
[[Category:日语]]
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{{also|amalgama|amálgama|amalgamá|amalgamą}}
==英語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/əˈmælɡəmə/}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|?}}
# {{archaic form of|en|amalgam}}
#* {{RQ:Burke Revolution in France|passage=They divided this their '''amalgama''' into a number of incoherent republics.|translation=他們將這個'''混合體'''分裂成若干不連貫的共和國。}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ca|la-med|amalgama||汞合金}},源自{{der|ca|grc|μάλαγμα||潤膚劑}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλάσσω||軟化}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλακός||柔軟的}}。
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ca-noun|f}}
# {{lb|ca|冶金學}} [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
# [[混合物]],不同事物的組合
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ca|amalgamar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
* {{R:ca:GDLC}}
* {{R:ca:DNV}}
* {{R:ca:DCVB}}
==法語==
===發音===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-amalgama.wav}}
===動詞===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|amalgamer||3|s|phis}}
==因特語==
===名詞===
{{ia-noun}}
# [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|amàlgama}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|it|la-med|amalgama||汞合金}},源自{{der|it|ar|ملغم|اَلْمَلْغَم|潤膚膏或治療瘡口的藥膏}},源自{{der|it|grc|μάλαγμα||軟化}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλάσσω||I soften}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλακός||柔軟的}}。
====名詞====
{{it-noun|m}}
# [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
# [[混合物]],不同事物的組合
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|amalgamare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
* {{bor+|la|ar|مَلْغَم|الْمَلْغَم}},源自{{der|la|grc|μάλαγμα}},後者源自詞幹 {{m|grc|μαλάσσω|t=軟化}} 和 {{m|grc|μαλακός|t=柔軟的}},其含義從「潤膚劑」發展到「可鍛造材料」、「包裹在物體周圍的金屬」,再到現代希臘語中的「黃金」(黃金具有可鍛造的性質)。
* 另外一些人認為此詞包含 {{m|ar|[[عَمْل]] [[جمع|الْجَمْع]]}} 或者 {{m|ar|[[جماعة|الْجَمَاعَة]]}},但這個詞根與化學意義相去甚遠,它只是表示「加起來、聚集」,而不是「結合」。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|amalgama|eccl=1}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|amalgama<3>}} {{tlb|la|from|_|Medieval Latin}}
# [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|amalgama<3>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|be|амальга́ма|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|амалга́ма|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|amalgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|amalgám|bor=1}}
* {{desc|da|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|amalgaam|bor=1}}
** {{desc|af|amalgaam}}
* {{desc|en|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fi|amalgaami|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|fr|amalgame|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|amálgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|amalgám|bor=1}}
* {{desc|is|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|amalgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|амалгам|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|no|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|amalgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|amalgamat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|amálgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|амальга́ма|bor=1}}
** {{desc|kk|амальгама|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|ама̀лга̄м}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|amàlgām}}
* {{desc|sk|amalgám|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sl|amalgám|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|amalgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|amalgam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|malgama|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|амальга́ма|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
==馬爾他語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|mt|/aˈmal.ɡa.ma/}}
* {{audio|mt|LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-amalgama.wav|a=Gozo}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|mt|it|amalgamare}}。
====動詞====
{{mt-verb|jamalgama|amalgamat|vn=amalgamar}}
# [[汞齊]]化
=====變位=====
{{mt-conj/loan}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|mt|it|amalgama}}。
====名詞====
{{mt-noun|g=f|p=amalgami}}
# [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
===相關詞彙===
{{col|mt|amalgamazzjoni}}
==波蘭語==
===詞源===
參見 {{m|pl|amalgam}}。
===發音===
{{pl-pr}}
===名詞===
{{pl-noun|n|indecl=1}}<ref>{{R:pl:SJPD}}</ref> or {{pl-noun|f}}<ref>{{R:pl:SGJP|amalgama|23228}}</ref>
# {{obs form|pl|amalgam}}
====變格====
{{pl-decl-noun-f}}
或者無屈折。
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pl:SJP1807}}
* {{R:pl:SJP1861}}
* {{R:pl:SJP1900|amalgama|29|1}}
* {{R:pl:NFJP}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|amalgamar}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ro|fr|amalgamer}}。
===動詞===
{{ro-verb|conj=1|amalgamează|amalgamat}}
# [[汞齊]]化
====變位====
{{ro-conj-a-ez}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Marreromarco-amalgama.wav<a:委內瑞拉>>}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|es|la-med|amalgama||汞合金}},源自{{der|es|grc|μάλαγμα||潤膚劑}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλάσσω||軟化}},源自 {{m|grc|μαλακός||柔軟的}}。
====名詞====
{{es-noun|f}}
# [[混合物]],不同事物的組合
#* {{quote-book|es|year=2013|author=René J. Vergara|title=The Art of Cuban Percussion / El Arte de la Percusión Cubana|page=12|publisher=Schwabe AG|isbn=9783033004412|passage=La música cubana nace de una '''amalgama''' de fórmulas de la música clásica, folklórica de origen Hispánico y Africano, así como popular, militar, religiosa, con el aporte de países de las Antillas, el Caribe, Francia, Inglaterra y los Estados Unidos.|t=古巴音樂誕生於古典音樂、西班牙和非洲民間音樂以及流行音樂、軍事音樂和宗教音樂的'''混合體''',其中也融入了安的列斯群島、加勒比地區、法國、英國和美國的元素。}}
# {{lb|es|冶金學}} [[汞齊]],[[汞]][[合金]]
#* {{quote-text|es|year=1848|author=José María Pérez Morales; Benito Tamayo|title=Curso de química general arreglado a las esplicaciones del profesor D. Vicente Santiago de Masarnau y comprendiendo todo lo mandado en el plan vigente de estudios|page=739|passage=El estaño y el mercurio se alean fácilmente y en varias proporciones. Estas '''amalgamas''' son muy brillantes, y no se alteran por solo la accion del aire.|t=錫和汞很容易以多種比例混合成合金。這些'''汞齊'''非常有光澤,不會因空氣的影響而改變。}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col|es|amalgamar}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|amalgamar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
{{C|es|化學}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=主体}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhǔtǐ
|c=zyu2 tai2
|mn=chú-thé
|mn-t=zu2 ti2
|w=sh:5tsy thi5
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[主要]][[部分]]
#: {{zh-x|漢族 是 中國 的 主體 民族 。}}
# {{lb|zh|philosophy}} 有[[認知]]和[[實踐]][[能力]]的[[個體]]
# {{lb|zh|communism}} [[主體思想]]
# {{lb|zh|finance|法律}} [[享受]][[權利]]、[[負擔]][[義務]]的個體
#: {{zh-x|融資 主體}}
#: {{zh-x|投資 主體}}
#: {{zh-x|法律 主體}}
====反義詞====
* {{as|哲學}} {{zh-l|客體}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|主體稅|主體思想|道德主體|主體性}}
{{zh-cat|Advanced}}
{{c|zh|意識形態|主體思想|朝鮮}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|yomi=o}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたい}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|主体}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=주체}}
# {{hanja form of|주체}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===名詞===
{{vi-noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{vi-Han form of|chủ thể}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=主体}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhǔtǐ
|c=zyu2 tai2
|mn=chú-thé
|mn-t=zu2 ti2
|w=sh:5tsy thi5
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[主要]][[部分]]
#: {{zh-x|漢族 是 ^中國 的 主體 民族。}}
# {{lb|zh|philosophy}} 有[[認知]]和[[實踐]][[能力]]的[[個體]]
# {{lb|zh|communism}} [[主體思想]]
# {{lb|zh|finance|法律}} [[享受]][[權利]]、[[負擔]][[義務]]的個體
#: {{zh-x|融資 主體}}
#: {{zh-x|投資 主體}}
#: {{zh-x|法律 主體}}
====反義詞====
* {{as|哲學}} {{zh-l|客體}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|主體稅|主體思想|道德主體|主體性}}
{{zh-cat|Advanced}}
{{c|zh|意識形態|主體思想|朝鮮}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|yomi=o}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたい}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|主体}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=주체}}
# {{hanja form of|주체}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===名詞===
{{vi-noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{vi-Han form of|chủ thể}}
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==意大利語==
===詞源===
{{ety|it|:af|ultra-|violetto}}
源自 {{prefix|it|ultra|violetto}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|ultravi.olètto,ultraviolètto<r:DiPI:violetto>}}
===形容詞===
{{it-adj}}
# [[紫外線]]的
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=补习}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=bǔxí
|c=bou2 zaap6
|h=pfs=pú-si̍p
|mn=pó͘-si̍p
|cat=v
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# 為了[[充實]]某種[[知識]]或[[技能]],利用[[下班]][[閒暇]]或[[課外]][[學習]]
#: {{zh-x|他 的 數學 老是 不及格,所以 請 了 一位 家教 來 幫 他 補習。}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|補習班|補習社|補習學校|補習教育|電腦補習業}}
====相關詞====
* {{zh-l|補課}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|20037}}
{{zh-cat|Elementary|教育}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|ほ|しゅう|yomi=kanon}}
===發音===
{{ja-pron|ほしゅう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|ほしゅう|hhira=ほしふ}}
# [[#漢語|補習]]
#: {{ja-usex|[[今日]]は'''補習'''だっけ?|きょう は '''ほしゅう''' だっけ?|今天'''補習'''了嗎?}}
===動詞===
{{ja-verb-suru|tr=trans|ほしゅう|hhira=ほしふ}}
# [[#漢語|補習]]
====活用====
{{ja-suru|ほしゅう}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
{{C|ja|教育}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=보습}}
# {{hanja form of|보습}}
0c4ul9ujcbn5isbz9d4yqel3lw6d926
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==保加利亞語==
[[Image:Saïque à l'ancre (fin XVIIeme siecle).jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|bg|ша́йка}}|upright=1.55]]
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|ша́йка|a=[KK]}}
===詞源1===
{{m|bg|ча́йка|t=海鷗}}的變體,因為船隻經常被比作鳥類。現代{{cog|uk|ча́йка|t=船}}也有{{IPAchar|/tʃ/}}形式,可能原意是有點原始的船隻,但後來被比作土耳其-保加利亞式船隻。
====名詞====
{{bg-noun|ша́йка|f}}
# {{senseid|bg|saic}} {{lb|bg|historical}} 在[[黑海]]、蒂薩河、[[多瑙河]]、[[薩瓦河]]上大量使用的一種最多有十二門大炮的[[小船]]
=====變格=====
{{bg-ndecl|ша́йка<>}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|hu|sajka|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sl|šȃjka|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|шајка|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ша̑јка|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|šȃjka|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|cs|šajka|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sk|šajka|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|شایقه|tr=şayka|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
回借自{{bor|bg|ru|ша́йка}}來自{{der|bg|ota|شایقه|tr=şayka}}來自{{der|bg|bg|ша́йка|t=有十二門大炮的小船|id=saic}}。
====名詞====
{{bg-noun|ша́йка|f}}
# {{senseid|bg|gang}} [[幫派]],[[匪幫]]
=====變格=====
{{bg-ndecl|ша́йка<(v)>}}
===來源===
* {{R:Otto Blau|Sprachdenkmäler|page=8}}
{{topics|bg|集體|犯罪|人|船}}
==俄語==
[[Image:Un saïque turc à la voile à la fin du XVIIeme siècle.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ru|ша́йка}}|upright=1.75]]
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|ota|شایقه|tr=şayka}}來自{{der|ru|bg|ша́йка|t=有十二門大炮的小船|id=saic}}。{{doublet|ru|ча́йка}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|ша́йка}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|ша́йка|*}}
# {{lb|ru|historical}} {{topics|ru|船}} 在[[黑海]]、蒂薩河、[[多瑙河]]、[[薩瓦河]]上大量使用的一種最多有十二門[[大炮]]的[[小船]];類似的船{{l|ru|ушку́й}}用於{{w|诺夫哥罗德共和国|诺夫哥罗德}}
#* {{quote-book|ru|title=Журналъ военныхъ действій армѣй ея императорскаго величества|year=1769|location=Saint Petersburg|pages=85–84|pageurl=https://books.google.de/books?id=sglQAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP84&dq=%22%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8%22#v=onepage&q=%22%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8%22&f=false|passage=Сегожъ числа полученъ рапортъ, что хотя остальные польскіе мятежники, о которыхъ 10го: числа упомянуто, по разбитіи ихъ '''шайки''' запершись въ замокъ мѣстечка Решова, нѣсколько времяни тамо держались; но какъ наконецъ по недостатку пропитанія принуждены были оппуда вытти, правя свой путъ на мѣстечко Колбушевь, то дожидавшейся ихъ Маіоръ Салеманъ съ командою пустяся немедлѣнно въ слѣдъ за ними и нагнавъ миляхъ въ семи оть Решова не только сихъ мяпeжниковъ въ новь атаковалъ, но и такимъ образомъ разбилъ, что на мѣстѣ до дву сотъ человѣкъ положилъ, да въ плѣнъ взялѣ тритцатъ человѣкъ съ девятью мѣдными разнаго калибера пушками и немалымъ числомъ ружей и протчей аммуниціи, а начальники сей '''шайки''' Князь Мартынъ Любомнрской и нѣкопорой Радзиминскій, способъ нашли уйти своими полько персонами въ близь лежащіе лѣса и тамо скрылись.}}
# {{topics|ru|飲食容器}} [[盆子]],[[桶子]],[[水桶]]
#: {{syn|ru|бадья́}}
#* {{quote-book|ru|year=1836|author=w:ru:Александр Пушкин|title=w:ru:Капитанская дочка|chapter=[[s:ru:Капитанская_дочка_(Пушкин)/1960_(СО)/Глава_III|Глава III. Крепость]]|location=London|publisher=Henry S. King & Co.|newversion=English translation from|translator2=Ekaterina Telfer|title2=The Captain's Daughter|location2=|publisher2=|year2=1875|page2=|pageurl2=|text=— Все, слава богу, тихо, — отвечал казак, — только капрал Прохоров подрался в бане с Устиньей Негулиной за '''шайку''' горячей воды.|t=“感谢上帝,一切都顺利,”哥萨克人平静地回答,“只有普罗霍罗夫下士在澡堂里为了一'''桶'''热水和奥斯蒂尼亚·佩祖林发生了争吵。”}}
# {{topics|ru|集體|犯罪}} [[幫派]],[[匪幫]]
#: {{syn|ru|ба́нда|вата́га}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|ша́йка|*}}
{{ru-noun-table|ша́йка|*|old=1}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|ru|ша́ечный}}
* {{l|ru|ша́ечка|g=f}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bg|ша́йка|bor=1|id=gang|t=幫派}}
* {{desc|cs|šajka|bor=1|t=幫派}}
* {{desc|pl|szajka|bor=1|t=幫派}}
* {{desc|sk|šajka|bor=1|t=幫派}}
* {{desc|uk|ша́йка|bor=1|t=幫派}}
* {{desc|ug|شايكا|bor=1|t=幫派}}
68q1sxe7dj688mrc75e9v5jacf45srv
штангист
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==俄語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|ru|шта́нга|-ист}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|штанги́ст}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|штанги́ст|a=an|f=штанги́стка}}
# [[舉重]][[運動員]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|штанги́ст|a=an}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ru|шта́нга}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hy|շտանգիստ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|ştanqist|bor=1}}、{{desc|az|ştanqçı|clq=1|nolang=1}}
{{C|ru|運動員|男人|舉重}}
1zkv2c8maoi48g8wlcss5ekmwgghetr
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==俄語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|юхть|ю́фта|ю́хта||直到19世紀}}
===詞源===
{{unk|ru}},但被認為是{{bor|ru|trk|-}}源自{{der|ru|fa-cls|جفت|tr=juft|t=一對}},因皮革是成對地被鞣制的。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|ю́фть|f|n=sg}}
# [[俄羅斯]][[皮革]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|ю́фть|f|n=sg}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|юфтя́ный}}
* {{l|ru|ю́фотный}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|bg|юфт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|juchta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fi|juhti|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gml|juften|juchten|bor=1}}
** {{desc|dum|jucht|jocht|juft|juften|juchten|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|nl|jucht}}
** {{desc|en|yuft|bor=1}}
** {{desc|de|Juchten|Juften|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sl|jȗhta|jȗht|g2=f|jȗft|g3=f|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sv|juft|jucht|jukt|juften|juchten|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|jucht|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|iuft|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ју̏хта|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|jȕhta|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|juchta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|ю́хта|юхт|bor=1}}
{{c|ru|皮革}}
0rlnb353wg0g9j8b3gs4acingfk9pcx
якут
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==俄語==
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|яку́т}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|яку́т|a=an|f=яку́тка}}
# [[雅庫特人]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|яку́т|a=an}}
====衍生詞彙====
* {{l|ru|яку́тский}}
* {{l|ru|Яку́тск}}
* {{l|ru|Яку́тия}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|zh|雅库特|tr=Yǎkùtè}}
* {{desc|en|Yakut|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kjh|якут|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠶᠠᠺᠦ᠋ᠲ|alts=1|sc=Mong|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|якут|sc=Cyrl|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|alt|якут|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|tyv|якут|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
{{c|ru|居民稱謂詞}}
bwp0pe43ob91wp41a7vb8ldiw3wixhp
янтарь
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{{also|јантар}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
[[Image:Amber.insect.800pix.050203.jpg|thumb|янтарь]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|zle-mru|ꙗнтарь|sc=Cyrs}},來自早期{{m|zle-mru|онтарь|sc=Cyrs}}、{{m|zle-mru|оньтарь|sc=Cyrs}}。{{bor+|ru|lt|-}}的方言{{m|lt|jentaras}}、{{m|lt|gẽntaras}}和書面語{{m|lt|giñtaras}}、{{m|lt|gintãras}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|янта́рь}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|b||m|adj=янта́рный}}
# [[琥珀]]
#: {{syn|ru|амбер|алатырь|илектр}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|b||m}}
{{ru-noun-table|b||m|old=y}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|unc=1|bor=1|be|янта́р}}
* {{desc|cs|jantar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|јантар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|jantar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|јантар}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|jantar}}
* {{desc|sk|jantár|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sl|jantar|bor=1}}
6s0i99dm1v9rrkrcfc7xbhz8jv1dnz6
fervens
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|ferveō||熱}} 的現在時主動分詞。
===分詞===
{{la-part|fervēns}}
# [[熱]]的;[[煮沸]]的;[[烧热]]的,烧红了的,[[灼热]]的
#{{lb|la|轉喻}} [[热烈]]的,[[热情]]的
# [[激烈]]的,[[激怒]]的
# [[衝動]]的,[[急躁]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|fervēns<3-P+>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ro|fierbinte}}
* 高盧-義大利語支:
** {{desc|fur|ferbint}}
* 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|fervent}}
** {{desc|gl|fervente}} {{desc|gl|fervenza|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|pt|fervente}}
** {{desc|es|hirviente}}
*** {{desc|es|herventar|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|es|hervencia|der=1|nolang=1}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|en|fervent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|fervent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|fervente|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pms|fervent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|ferviente|bor=1}} {{desc|es|fervencia|der=1|nolang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|溫度}}
b2uuelzntoukwnai964cdwjy73mrb2v
菽水承歡
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=菽水承欢|type=22}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=shúshuǐ chénghuān
|cat=ch
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# 以[[普通]][[飲食]][[侍奉]][[父母]],[[博取]]其[[歡心]],比喻[[子女]]的[[孝道]]
#: {{syn|zh|菽水之歡|菽水之養}}
{{C|zh|儒教}}
qphqpvgd8vu9lndaia7qd8e1gld05dh
珍珠
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|alt=真珠-棄用}}
{{zh-wp}}
===詞源===
以前寫作{{zh-l|真珠}}。
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhēnzhū
|ma=Zh-zhēnzhū.oga
|dg=җын1җў1
|c=zan1 zyu1
|ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Luilui6666-珍珠.wav
|h=pfs=chṳ̂n-chû;gd=jin1 zu1
|md=dĭng-ciŏ/cĭng-ciŏ
|mn=chin-chu/ml,twv:tin-chu
|mn-t=diang1 zu1
|w=sh:1tsen tsy
|mc=y
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[牡蠣]]內因[[異物]][[侵入]]或[[病理]][[變化]]而[[產生]]的[[圓形]][[顆粒]]{{zh-mw|粒|m:顆}}
# [[粉圓]]{{zh-mw|粒|m:顆}}
====同義詞====
{{syn-saurus|zh|珍珠}}
====衍生詞====
{{col3|zh|珍珠貝|珍珠米|珍珠菜|珍珠粉|珍珠港|珍珠母|珍珠奶茶|珍珠霜|珍珠岩|珍珠草}}
====派生詞====
{{CJKV|[[真珠]], [[珍珠]]|j=真珠|しんじゅ|진주|k=[[眞珠]], [[珍珠]]|trân châu|vdesc=1}}
'''其他''':
{{hrow}}
* {{desc|trk-cmn-pro|*yinǯü|bor=1}}
** {{desc|otk|𐰘𐰃𐰨𐰇}}
** {{desc|qwm|}}
*** {{desc|ba|ынйы}}
*** {{desc|crh|inci}}
*** {{desc|krc|инджи}}
*** {{desc|kdr|-}}
***: {{desc|sclang=1|kdr|in'dži}}
***: {{desc|sclang=1|kdr|иньджи}}
*** {{desc|kk|інжу}}
*** {{desc|kum|инжи}}
*** {{desc|ky|инжу}}
*** {{desc|tt|энҗе}}
** {{desc|trk-ogz-pro|}}
*** {{desc|trk-oat|}}
**** {{desc|az|inci}}
**** {{desc|ota|اینجو|tr=inci, incü}}
***** {{desc|tr|inci}}
**** {{desc|orv|инчи|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|tk|hünji}}
** 西伯利亞語支:
*** {{desc|kjh|нинӌі}}
*** {{desc|atv|чиндьи|чинъчи}}
*** {{desc|oui||tr=jenčü}}
**** {{desc|ybe|unžo}}
*** {{desc|cjs|ненчи}}
*** {{desc|alt|јинји}}
*** {{desc|kim|ниньҷи}}
*** {{desc|tyv|чинжи}}
** {{desc|ug|ئۇنجە|ئۇنجى|ئىنجۇ}}
** {{desc|uz|inju}}
** {{desc|xbo|*ǯinǯü|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|cv|ӗнчӗ}}
*** {{desc|ohu|*dzsindzsü|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|hu|gyöngy}}
**** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
****: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ђинђуха|ђинђува}}
****: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|đinđuha|đinđuva}}
**** {{desc|uk|дженджеру́ха|bor=1|der=1}}
*** {{desc|orv|жьньчюгъ|жьмьчюгъ|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|cmg|ᠵᠢᠨᠵᠦᠦ|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|mn|жинжүү}}
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|牡蠣內因異物侵入或病理變化而產生的圓形顆粒}}
* 阿巴扎語:{{t|abq|налкъвыт-налма́с}}、{{t|abq|налькъвыт-нальма́с}}
* 西切爾克斯語:{{t|ady|налмэс-налкъут}}、{{t|ady|налъкъут}}
* 南非語:{{t|af|pêrel}}
* 阿爾巴尼亞語:{{t+|sq|rruazë|f}}
* 阿勒曼尼語:{{t|gsw|Pärla}}
* 阿姆哈拉語:{{t|am|ሉል}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|لُؤْلُؤَة|f}}、{{t+|ar|جَوْهَر|m}}
*: 海灣阿拉伯語:{{t|afb|لولو|m|tr=lūlu}}
* 阿拉貢語:{{t|an|perla|f}}
* 亞美尼亞語:{{t+|hy|մարգարիտ}}
* 阿斯圖里亞斯語:{{t+|ast|perlla|f}}、{{t+|ast|perla|f}}
* 阿瓦爾語:{{t|av|маргъал}}
* 阿塞拜疆語:{{t+|az|mirvari}}、{{t+|az|inci}}
* 俾路支語:{{t|bal|گوھر}}
* 巴什基爾語:{{t|ba|ынйы}}
* 巴斯克語:{{t|eu|perla}}、{{t|eu|altiste}}
* 巴茨語:{{t|bbl|მარგალიტ}}、{{t|bbl|მარგლიტ}}
* 白俄羅斯語:{{t|be|жэ́мчуг|m}}、{{t|be|жо́мчуг|m}}、{{t|be|зе́мчуг|m}}、{{t|be|пэ́рла|f}}、{{t|be|жамчу́жына|f}} {{qualifier|單個}}
* 孟加拉語:{{t+|bn|মুক্তা}}
* 比亞他-比達友語:{{t|bth|mutiyaraa}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t+|bg|би́сер|m}}、{{t+|bg|пе́рла|f}}、{{t|bg|маргари́т|m}}
* 緬甸語:{{t+|my|ပုလဲ}}
* 布里亞特語:{{t|bua|субад}}
* 盧森尼亞語:{{t|rue|бисерниови}}
* 加泰羅尼亞語:{{t+|ca|perla|f}}
* 切羅基語:{{t|chr|ᏓᎬᎾ}}
* 楚瓦什語:{{t|cv|ӗнчӗ}}、{{t|cv|мерчен}}
* 科普特語:{{t|cop|ⲙⲁⲣⲅⲁⲣⲓⲧⲏⲥ}}
* 康沃爾語:{{t|kw|perl|m}}
* 科西嘉語:{{t|co|perla|f}}、{{t|co|perula|f}}
* 捷克語:{{t+|cs|perla|f}}
* 丹麥語:{{t|da|perle|c}}
* 荷蘭語:{{t+|nl|parel|c}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|pearl}}
* 埃爾齊亞語:{{t|myv|жемчуг}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|perlo}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|pärl}}
* 鄂溫克語:{{t|evn|жемчуг}}
* 法拉法拉語:{{t|gur|kug-sõnnɛ}}
* 法羅語:{{t|fo|perla|f}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t+|fi|helmi}}
* 法語:{{t+|fr|perle|f}}
* 弗留利語:{{t|fur|perle|f}}
* 加利西亞語:{{t+|gl|perla|f}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t+|ka|მარგალიტი}}
* 德語:{{t+|de|Perle|f}}
* 哥特語:{{t|got|𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌿𐍃|m}}
* 希臘語:{{t+|el|μαργαριτάρι|n}}
*: 古希臘語:{{t|grc|μαργαρίτης|m}}
*: 旁狄希臘語:{{t|el|μαργαριτάρ}}
* 海地克里奧爾語:{{t|ht|pèl}}
* 豪薩語:{{t|ha|lu'ulu'u}}
* 夏威夷語:{{t|haw|momi}}
* 希伯來語:{{t+|he|פְּנִינָה|f|tr=p'niná}}、{{t+|he|מַרְגָּלִית|f|tr=margalít}}
* 印地語:{{t+|hi|मोती|m}}、{{t+|hi|मुक्ता|m}}
* 匈牙利語:{{t+|hu|gyöngy}}
* 冰島語:{{t+|is|perla|f}}
* 伊多語:{{t+|io|perlo}}
* 英格里亞語:{{t|izh|helmi}}
* 因特語:{{t|ia|perla}}
* 愛爾蘭語:{{t|ga|péarla}}
* 意大利語:{{t+|it|perla|f}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|真珠|tr=しんじゅ, shinju}}
* 卡爾梅克衛拉特語:{{t|xal|сувсн}}
* 卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語:{{t|krc|инджи}}
* 哈薩克語:{{t|kk|інжу}}、{{t|kk|мерүерт}}
* 高棉語:{{t+|km|មុត្តា}}、{{t|km|មុក្តា}}、{{t+|km|គជ់}}、{{t|km|គជ់ខ្យង}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|진주(珍珠)}}
* 庫梅克語:{{t|kum|инжи}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: 中庫爾德語:{{t+|ckb|مْرواری}}
*: 北庫爾德語:{{t+|kmr|morî}}
* 吉爾吉斯語:{{t+|ky|бермет}}
* 老撾語:{{t+|lo|ໄຂ່ມຸກ}}
* 拉丁語:{{t|la|margarita|f}}
* 拉脫維亞語:{{t|lv|pērle|f}}
* 拉茲語:{{t|lzz|moni}}、{{t|lzz|zenişi}}
* 列茲金語:{{t|lez|гевгьер}}、{{t|lez|инжи}}
* 立陶宛語:{{t|lt|perlas|m}}
* 立窩尼亞語:{{t|liv|pǟrlõz}}
* 倫巴底語:{{t|lmo|pèrla|f}}
* 盧森堡語:{{t|lb|Pärel|f}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|бисер|m}}
* 馬來語:{{t|ms|mutiara}}
* 馬拉雅拉姆語:{{t+|ml|മുത്ത്}}
* 馬爾他語:{{t|mt|ġawhra|f}}
* 滿語:{{t|mnc|ᠨᡳᠴᡠᡥᡝ}}、{{t|mnc|ᡨᠠᠨᠠ}}
* 毛利語:{{t|mi|peara}}
* 馬拉瑙語:{{t|mrw|tipay}}
* 馬里語:{{t|mhr|ракывод шырча}}、{{t|mhr|жемчуг}}
* 米蘭德斯語:{{t|mwl|perla|f}}
* 蒙古語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t+|mn|сувд}}
*: 蒙古字母:{{t|mn|ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ}}
* 納瓦特爾語:{{t|nah|epyollotli}}、{{t|nah|yepyollotli}}
* 尼泊爾語:{{t+|ne|मोती}}
* 北阿爾泰語:{{t|atv|чиндьи}}
* 北薩米語:{{t|se|bearal}}
* 挪威語:{{t+|no|perle|c}}
* 奧克語:{{t+|oc|pèrla|f}}
* 教會斯拉夫語:{{t|cu|бисьръ}}
* 古英語:{{t|ang|meregrot|n}}
* 古爪哇語:{{t|kaw|maṇi}}
* 奧塞梯語:{{t|os|дзындз}}、{{t|os|абырлаш}}
* 鄂圖曼土耳其語:{{t|ota|اینجو|tr=inci}}、{{t|ota|در|tr=dürr}}、{{t|ota|مروارید|tr=mervârid}}
* 巴利語:{{t|pi|muttā|f}}
* 普什圖語:{{t|ps|مرغلره|tr=murghalara}}
* 波斯語:{{t+|fa|مروارید|tr=morvârid}}、{{t+|fa|گوهر|tr=gowhar}}
* 皮埃蒙特語:{{t|pms|perla|f}}
* 門諾低地德語:{{t|pdt|Parl|f}}
* 波蘭語:{{t+|pl|perła|f}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|pérola|f}}
* 旁遮普語:{{t|pa|ਮੋਤੀ|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t+|ro|perlă|f}}、{{t+|ro|mărgăritar|n}}
* 羅曼什語:{{t|rm|perla|f}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|же́мчуг|m}}、{{t+|ru|жемчу́жина|f}} {{qualifier|個體}}、{{qualifier|棄用及比喻}} {{t+|ru|перл|m}}
* 薩摩亞語:{{t|sm|penina}}
* 梵語:{{t+|sa|मुक्ता|m}}
* 撒丁語:{{t|sc|perela|f|alt=pèrela}}、{{t|sc|perella|f|alt=perèlla}}
* 蘇格蘭蓋爾語:{{t|gd|neamhnaid|f}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|бѝсер|m}}
*: 拉丁字母:{{t+|sh|bìser|m}}
* 西西里語:{{t|scn|perla|f}}
* 僧加羅語:{{t|si|මුතු}}
* 斯洛伐克語:{{t|sk|perla|f}}
* 斯洛文尼亞語:{{t+|sl|biser|m}}
* 索布語:
*: 下索布語:{{t|dsb|parla|f}}
*: 上索布語:{{t|hsb|parla|f}}
* 塞索托語:{{t|st|pêrêla}}
* 南阿爾泰語:{{t|alt|јинји}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|perla|f}}
* 蘇里南湯加語:{{t|srn|parelkrara}}
* 斯瓦希里語:{{t+|sw|lulu}}
* 瑞典語:{{t+|sv|pärla}}
* 塔巴薩蘭語:{{t|tab|гевгьер}}
* 他加祿語:{{t|tl|perlas}}
* 塔吉克語:{{t+|tg|марворид}}、{{t|tg|гавҳар}} {{qualifier|也表示“寶石”}}、{{t|tg|чавхар}}
* 里菲安語:{{t|rif|tadmant|f}}
* 韃靼語:{{t+|tt|энҗе|sc=Cyrl}}
* 泰盧固語:{{t+|te|ముత్యం}}
* 泰語:{{t+|th|ไข่มุก}}、{{t+|th|มุก}}、{{t+|th|มุกดา}}
* 藏語:{{t|bo|མུ་ཏིག}}
* 提格里尼亞語:{{t+|ti|ሉል}}
* 土耳其語:{{t+|tr|inci}}
* 土庫曼語:{{t|tk|dür}}、{{t|tk|hünji}}
* 圖瓦語:{{t|tyv|чинжи}}、{{t|tyv|сууд}}
* 烏得穆爾特語:{{t|udm|марњан}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|пе́рла|f}}、{{t|uk|перли́на|f}} {{qualifier|單個}}
* 烏爾都語:{{t|ur|موتی|m|tr=motī}}
* 維吾爾語:{{t|ug|مەرۋايىت}}、{{t|ug|دۇر}}
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|ug|мәрвайит}}、{{t|ug|дур}}
* 烏茲別克語:{{t+|uz|inju}}、{{t+|uz|marvarid}}、{{t+|uz|dur}}、{{t+|uz|gavhar}} {{qualifier|也表示“寶石”}}
* 越南語:{{t+|vi|ngọc trai}}、{{t+|vi|trân châu}} ({{t|vi|珍珠}})
* 維拉莫維安語:{{t|wym|pela}}
* 沃拉普克語:{{t+|vo|pärlat}}
* 佛羅語:{{t|vro|pärli}}
* 瓦隆語:{{t|wa|pièle}}
* 威爾士語:{{t|cy|perl|m}}、{{t|cy|mererid|m}}
* 西弗里斯蘭語:{{t|fy|pearel}}
* 雅庫特語:{{t|sah|чөмчүүк}}
* 意第緒語:{{t|yi|פּערל|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{zh-cat|Intermediate}}
{{C|zh|寶石}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|ちん|じゅ|yomi=on}}
===專有名詞===
{{ja-pos|proper|ちんじゅ}}
# {{surname|ja|sort=ちんじゅ}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=진주}}
# {{hanja form of|진주}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===名詞===
{{vi-noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{vi-Han form of|trân châu|}}
lm6bg1b2km60xql3rk79ptlmvf47dcb
無為而治
0
1103738
9935742
6934030
2026-09-30T23:03:33Z
Fglffer
55252
9935742
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=无为而治|type=211}}
===詞源===
雖然這種思想最常與道教聯繫在一起,但確切的措辭最早出現在儒家經典中。來自《論語·衞靈公》:
: {{zh-x|子曰:「無為.而.治 者,其 ^舜 也 與{yú}!夫{fú} 何為{wéi} 哉?恭 己 正 南面 而已 矣。」 |孔子說:「舜難道不能被視為'''不費吹灰之力便能有效治理'''的典範嗎?他做了什麼呢?他什麼也沒做,只是莊重而恭敬地端坐於王位之上。」|ref=Analects|collapsed=y}}
道教典籍中最早出現的表述有所不同。出自《道德經》第五十七章:
: {{zh-x|故 聖人 云:我 '''@無為{wéi}''','''@而''' 民 自 '''化''';我 好{hào} 靜,而 民 自 正;我 無事,而 民 自 富;我 無欲,而 民 自 樸。|因此,聖人曾說:「我若'''不刻意去做''',百姓'''自會轉變''';我若喜愛靜止,百姓自會歸於正道。我若不費心操勞,百姓自會富足;我若不顯露野心,百姓自會重返純樸。」|ref=Daodejing-L|collapsed=yes}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=wúwéi'érzhì
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|Confucianism}} 以[[美德]]為[[準則]]進行[[統治]]
# {{lb|zh|Taoism}} 以不[[違背]][[自然]]的[[方式]][[治理]];{{lb|zh|by extension}} [[順勢]]而為不[[干涉]]的治理
{{cln|zh|來自《論語》的成語}}
iptb29k0hp6f6cwszejp977ubon4nb4
9935785
9935742
2026-10-01T06:41:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
/* 漢語 */
9935785
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=无为而治|type=211}}
===詞源===
雖然這種思想最常與道教聯繫在一起,但確切的措辭最早出現在儒家經典中。來自《論語·衞靈公》:
: {{zh-x|子曰:「無為{wéi}.而.治 者,其 ^舜 也 與{yú}!夫{fú} 何為{wéi} 哉?恭 己 正 南面 而已 矣。」 |孔子說:「舜難道不能被視為'''不費吹灰之力便能有效治理'''的典範嗎?他做了什麼呢?他什麼也沒做,只是莊重而恭敬地端坐於王位之上。」|ref=Analects|collapsed=y}}
道教典籍中最早出現的表述有所不同。出自《道德經》第五十七章:
: {{zh-x|故 聖人 云:我 '''@無為{wéi}''','''@而''' 民 自 '''化''';我 好{hào} 靜,而 民 自 正;我 無事,而 民 自 富;我 無欲,而 民 自 樸。|因此,聖人曾說:「我若'''不刻意去做''',百姓'''自會轉變''';我若喜愛靜止,百姓自會歸於正道。我若不費心操勞,百姓自會富足;我若不顯露野心,百姓自會重返純樸。」|ref=Daodejing|collapsed=yes}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=wúwéi'érzhì
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|Confucianism}} 以[[美德]]為[[準則]]進行[[統治]]
# {{lb|zh|Taoism}} 以不[[違背]][[自然]]的[[方式]][[治理]];{{lb|zh|by extension}} [[順勢]]而為不[[干涉]]的治理
{{cln|zh|來自《論語》的成語}}
lc8fz7rjz13nyncg520trzc72xz05pn
安娜
0
1178985
9935770
6292751
2026-10-01T03:21:55Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935770
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|gloss=-}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|zh|en|Anna}}。
===讀音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Ānnà
|c=on1 naa4
|h=pfs=Ôn-nâ
|mn=tw:An-ná/tw:An-nā
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|zh|專有名詞}}
# {{name translit|zh|en,cs,de,it,fi,fr,pl,pt,sv|Anna|type=女性名字}}
# {{name translit|zh|ru,uk|Анна|xlit=Anna|type=女性名字}}
# {{lb|zh|Protestantism|uncommon}} {{rfdef|zh}}
====同義詞====
{{zh-Christian-syn|Anna}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:SJRMFYDCD2007|entry=Anna 安娜|page=|quote=西方女子教名}}
ccm2n97qjtweqjityznmg3vdalsqkh6
9935802
9935770
2026-10-01T07:01:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
/* 專有名詞 */
9935802
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|gloss=-}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|zh|en|Anna}}。
===讀音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Ānnà
|c=on1 naa4
|h=pfs=Ôn-nâ
|mn=tw:An-ná/tw:An-nā
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|zh|專有名詞}}
# {{name translit|zh|en,cs,de,it,fi,fr,pl,pt,sv|Anna|type=女性名字}}
# {{name translit|zh|ru,uk|Анна|xlit=Anna|type=女性名字}}
# {{lb|zh|Protestantism|uncommon}}《[[路加福音]]》出現的一位女[[先知]]
====同義詞====
{{zh-Christian-syn|Anna}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:SJRMFYDCD2007|entry=Anna 安娜|page=|quote=西方女子教名}}
8wjfzfik9g421x1hcqed0uzmfxhs11q
𣏲
0
1193711
9935906
5644683
2026-10-01T07:41:52Z
Fglffer
55252
9935906
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=75|rad=木|as=4|sn=8|four=|canj=|ids=}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=0517.011|dkj=|dj=|hdz=21167.040|uh=233F2}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|秉}}
ejv1kbc7z8vwzl6wxu59pbfz3b24hnx
𥝐
0
1207510
9935903
5664493
2026-10-01T07:38:01Z
Fglffer
55252
9935903
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=115|rad=禾|as=2|sn=7|four=|canj=|ids=⿰禾又}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=0849.040|dkj=|dj=|hdz=42589.050|uh=25750}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|秉|a}}
3h8u17d9ja0a6jnqn5hkzct9nw8wzef
𥡝
0
1208054
9935936
6983617
2026-10-01T07:47:42Z
Fglffer
55252
9935936
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=115|rad=禾|as=11|sn=16|four=|canj=HLHDL|ids=⿰秉秉}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=0858.160|dkj=|dj=|hdz=42630.080|uh=2585D}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|兼|a}}
i0vmcvcq1l6lpzw98z0vsnhfqt2yz64
𦱮
0
1216787
9935908
5670765
2026-10-01T07:44:02Z
Fglffer
55252
9935908
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=140|rad=艸|as=8|sn=12|four=|canj=|ids=⿱艹秉}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=1042.100|dkj=|dj=|hdz=53235.070|uh=26C6E}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|秉}}
36rlcaigf8zchfln20sot2o37xfb3ij
𬼌
0
1248475
9935909
5680915
2026-10-01T07:44:40Z
Fglffer
55252
9935909
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=4|rad=丿|as=9|sn=|four=|canj=|ids=⿱丿⿻一隶}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=2CF0C}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|秉}}
sj4qfgsjwstkkllg5bz0vfbjiljd7f7
𬼞
0
1248493
9935910
5680962
2026-10-01T07:45:15Z
Fglffer
55252
9935910
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text/x-wiki
{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=5|rad=乙|as=5|sn=|four=|canj=|ids=}}
====來源====
* {{Han ref|kx=|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=2CF1E}}
==漢語==
{{zh-see|秉}}
gf4dm4bm9mgfbhijqxk4aengj8007nw
林火
0
1259526
9935959
6996144
2026-10-01T07:54:04Z
Fglffer
55252
9935959
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text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=línhuǒ
|c=lam4 fo2
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[森林]][[火災]]
====同義詞====
* {{qual|莆仙語}} {{zh-l|𤆬火山}}
o196d3u68nuam8im9zhgvmjn3f10avn
9935966
9935959
2026-10-01T07:54:35Z
Fglffer
55252
9935966
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=línhuǒ
|c=lam4 fo2
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# [[森林]][[大火]],森林[[火災]]
====同義詞====
* {{qual|莆仙語}} {{zh-l|𤆬火山}}
6idn84wjpfs9neucz7sww0lxlheuyxj
缺心眼
0
1309483
9935764
7006725
2026-10-01T02:56:13Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935764
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=12}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=quēxīnyǎn
|c=kyut3 sam1 ngaan5
|cat=v
}}
{{attention|yue|Cantonese pronunciation 'kyut3' not found in the entry 缺.}}
{{attention|yue|Cantonese pronunciation 'ngaan5' not found in the entry 眼.}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb}}
# 缺乏[[社会]][[常识]]、不懂[[人情世故]]、容易上当或说话做事不考虑后果
eewsqk3bzut9ay41o81gpm2ma03olvo
9935765
9935764
2026-10-01T02:56:43Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935765
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=12}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=quēxīnyǎn
|c=kyut3 sam1 ngaan5
|cat=v
}}
{{attention|yue|Cantonese pronunciation 'kyut3' not found in the entry 缺.}}
{{attention|yue|Cantonese pronunciation 'ngaan5' not found in the entry 眼.}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb|type=vo}}
# 缺乏[[社会]][[常识]]、不懂[[人情世故]]、容易上当或说话做事不考虑后果
ewp6o4iwf6jzp64h7v4rm01vh963tk4
9935766
9935765
2026-10-01T02:56:58Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935766
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text/x-wiki
==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=12}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=quē xīnyǎn
|c=kyut3 sam1 ngaan5
|cat=v
}}
===動詞===
{{zh-verb|type=vo}}
# 缺乏[[社会]][[常识]]、不懂[[人情世故]]、容易上当或说话做事不考虑后果
b5m4bx1cyp7eqz57y1ya605nre6rt85
缺心眼兒
0
1310190
9935763
7007039
2026-10-01T02:54:40Z
ArsenalBastion4093
113517
9935763
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==汉语==
{{zh-forms|s=缺心眼儿|type=121}}
===发音===
{{zh-pron
|m=quē xīnyǎnr
|cat=v
}}
===动词===
{{zh-verb|type=vo}}
# {{cmn-erhua form of}}
bugwuyuea4ekieek95s1okma3ox9zml
9935797
9935763
2026-10-01T06:54:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
/* 汉语 */
9935797
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==汉语==
{{zh-forms|s=缺心眼儿|type=13}}
===发音===
{{zh-pron
|m=quē xīnyǎnr
|cat=v
}}
===动词===
{{zh-verb|type=vo}}
# {{cmn-erhua form of}}
oj6xw6qdb8w6lf5tmykzq71hnll3dng
ass
0
1337971
9934869
9911249
2026-09-30T15:53:59Z
TongcyBot
83009
改用 {{rif-head}};{{rif-decl-noun}}→{{rif-infl-noun}}
9934869
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{{also|Appendix:"ass"的變體}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==英语==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===发音===
* {{enPR|ăs}}, {{IPA|en|/æs/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Back ache-ass.wav|a=UK}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-ass.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|æs|s=1}}
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|en|enm|asse}},源自{{inh|en|ang|assa}},逆构自{{m|ang|assen|t=母驴}},源自{{der|en|cel}}(对比{{cog|sga|asan}}、{{cog|oco|asen}}),源自{{der|en|la|asinus}}。取代了{{cog|ang|esol}},其源自{{cog|gmw-pro|*asil}},亦借自同一个拉丁语词。
====名词====
{{en-noun}}
[[File:Somali Wild Ass.JPG|thumb|Somali wild '''ass''']]
# [[驴]]
#: {{hyper|en|equine#名詞|<|equid#名詞|<|mammal#名詞|<|animal#名詞|<|creature#名詞|critter#Noun}}
#: {{hypo|en|donkey#名詞<qq:也視作近義詞>|onager#名詞|wild ass#名詞}}
#* {{RQ:KJV|1 Samuel|16|20|passage=And Iesse tooke an '''asse''' laden with bread, and a bottle of wine, and a kid, and sent them by Dauid his sonne vnto Saul.}}
#* {{RQ:Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica|edition=2nd|chapter=Of the Same [''i.e.'', the Blacknesse of Negroes]|page=282|passage=Thus the '''Aſſe''' having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a black liſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.}}
#* {{quote-book|1=en|year=1972|author=Parliament of the United Kingdom|title=Road Traffic Act 1972|chapter=Part I, section 20(3)|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/20/pdfs/ukpga_19720020_en.pdf|page=14|text=In this section "animal" means any horse, cattle, '''ass''', mule, sheep, pig, goat or dog.}}
# {{lb|en|俚语|较为|_|粗俗}} [[蠢货]]
#: {{syn|en|fool|idiot}}
#: {{ux|en|That new kid left the cap off the syrup bottle again! What an '''ass'''.|那个新来的小孩又没盖糖浆瓶的盖子,真是'''脑袋有点问题'''。}}
#* {{RQ:Doyle Lost World|passage=I had sprung to my feet. I was speaking, and yet I had prepared no words. Tarp Henry, my companion, was plucking at my skirts and I heard him whispering, "Sit down, Malone! Don't make a public '''ass''' of yourself."}}
# {{lb|en|printing|俚语|弃用}} [[排版]][[工人]]
#: {{syn|en|compositor}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1841|author=[[w:en:William Savage (printer)|William Savage]]|title=Dictionary of the Art of Printing|page=24|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S_s1AQAAMAAJ/page/24/mode/2up|text=Sometimes by way of joke, and sometimes by way of irritation, compositors are called '''Asses''' by the pressmen.}}
=====衍生词汇=====
{{der3|en|Buridan's ass|the law is an ass|wild ass|zebrass}}
=====相关词汇=====
* {{l|en|asinine}}
===词源 2===
{{m|en|arse}}的北美变体。最终源自{{inh|en|enm|ars}}、{{m|enm|ers}},源自{{inh|en|ang|ærs}}、{{m|ang|ears}},源自{{inh|en|gmw-pro|*ars}},源自{{inh|en|gem-pro|*arsaz}}(对比{{cog|goh|ars}}({{cog|de|Arsch}})、{{cog|non|ars}}、{{cog|ofs|ers}}),源自{{inh|en|ine-pro|*h₃érsos}}(对比{{cog|grc|ὄρρος}})。
有不少人认为该词曾为委婉词,但它其实原是为了反映舌尖音(尤其是{{IPAchar|/s/}})前{{IPAchar|/ɹ/}}被合并的[[发音拼写]](更早期的形式{{m|en|arse}}仍通用于英国、澳大利亚、新西兰等地),该现象在{{w|中古英语}}起的非标准口语中就有出现。该现象与之后出现R音脱落不同,因为{{IPAchar|/ɹ/}}在能影响其前驱音之前就已经脱落。该现象影响到的其他词(部分词保留了两种形式且词义有所不同)有{{m|en|cuss}}←{{m|en|curse}}、{{m|en|gash}}←{{m|en|garsh}}、{{m|en|bass||鲈鱼}}←{{m|en|barse}}、{{m|en|bust}}←{{m|en|burst}}、{{m|en|passel}}←{{m|en|parcel}},参见[[:en:Category:English terms with assimilation of historic /ɹ/]]。
====形容词====
{{en-adj|-}}
# {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语}} [[差劲]]的,[[不行]]的,[[垃圾]]的
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/2019/02/06/former-texas-am-qb-nick-starkel-breaks-down-old-twitter-beef-with-tate-martell/|work=Dallas Morning News|passage=On a recent episode of "The Justin Dunning Podcast," Starkel shared his thoughts on Martell, a former Ohio State quarterback, saying "he's '''ass''' my dude" in reference to Starkel.|title=Former Texas A&M QB Nick Starkel breaks down old Twitter beef with Tate Martell|date=2019-02-05|author=Alex Miller}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://musketfire.com/2021/02/21/patriots-cam-newton-exchange-teenager-video/|work=Fansided|passage=For some reason, the teenager thought it’d be a good idea to criticize Newton and say he's "'''ass'''" and that he’s "about to be poor" because he's a free agent.|title=Patriots: Cam Newton getting disrespected by a teenager is everything that’s wrong with society|date=2021-02-21|author=Thomas Carannante}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/32473036/what-learned-arizona-cardinals-quarterback-kyler-murray-watching-twitch|work=ESPN|passage="You're so '''ass'''," Murray says to another player.|title=What we learned about Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kyler Murray by watching him on Twitch|date=2021-10-28|author=Josh Weinfuss}}
====名词====
{{en-noun|~}}
# {{senseid|en|屁股}} {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语|可数|and|不可数}} [[屁股]]
#: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:buttocks}}
# {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语|可数|and|不可数}} [[屁眼]]
#* {{RQ:William Burroughs Naked Lunch|page=81|passage=Train compartment: two sick young junkies on their way to Lexington tear their pants down in convulsions of lust. One of them soaps his cock and works it up the other's '''ass''' with a corkscrew motion.}}
# {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语|人的[[物化]]|不可数}} [[性交]][[对象]] {{gl|粗俗地强调了其身体而非其人格}}
#: {{syn|en|poontang|poon|punani|pussy|tail|tang|Thesaurus:copulation}}
#: {{ux|en|I'm going to go down to the bar and try to get me some '''ass'''.|我准备去酒吧找个'''屄'''来肏。}}
#* {{quote-song|en|author=w:Joni Mitchell|year=1971|album=Blue|title=Blue|passage=Acid, booze, and '''ass''' / Needles, guns, and grass}}
# {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语|不可数}} [[讨厌]]的东西,[[差劲]]的东西,[[垃圾]]
#: {{uxi|en|I feel like '''ass''' today.|今天真他妈'''不爽'''。}}
#: {{uxi|en|This room smells like '''ass'''.|这房间'''臭死了'''。}}
#: {{uxi|en|What a bunch of '''ass'''.|这都什么'''乱七八糟'''的。}}
# {{senseid|en|自己}} {{lb|en|粗俗|俚语|转喻意|人的[[物化]]|可数}} [[家伙]],[[人]] {{gl|能指代自己。可指代身体,安全,或者比喻性地指代工作,将来等}}
#: {{cot|en|{{l|en|face}}|{{l|en|hide}}}}
#: {{ux|en|Get your lazy '''ass''' out of bed!|赶紧起床你这个懒狗!}}
#: {{ux|en|We risk our '''asses''' out there every day.|我们每天都冒生命危险。}}
#: {{ux|en|I'ma get medieval on your '''ass'''!|看我不好好修理'''你'''一顿!}}
=====用法说明=====
* 当使用转喻意,其给整个句子带来负面色彩,带有恼怒的语气:
** “{{lang|en|he has trouble getting his ass up in the morning}}”比“{{lang|en|he has trouble getting up in the morning}}”语气更重,更带负面色彩。
* 不一定表示对被指代人的不赞成:
** “{{lang|en|And who do you think has to clean this mess up? My ass does!}}”(“你觉得是谁要来擦屁股?是他妈的老子!”这句话没有体现对自己的不赞同,而表示对搞砸的人的不赞同)
*** (可能会体现一定的厌烦)
* 这一用法粗俗,因此仅限于非正式语域,其用于正式上下文中有一定的冒犯意。
* 其词义的内涵在于通过使用身体的一部分转喻整个人,来物化一个人(甚至包括指自己的时候),暗中强调了其身体而非其人格(亦从该观点对比{{m|en|hide|id=self, metonymically|watch his hide|看好他,保护好他}}、{{m|en|face|id=self, metonymically|show his face|露面}}、{{m|en|whatshisface#Etymology|what's-his-face|无名氏}}、{{m|en|meatbag}}或{{m|en|crackhead}})。
* 其变格形式在语法上有代词功能:
** {{m|en|my ass}} = {{m|en|I}}、{{m|en|me}}、{{m|en|myself}}
** {{m|en|your ass}} = {{m|en|you}}、{{m|en|yourself}}
** his ass = {{m|en|he}}、{{m|en|him}}、{{m|en|himself}}
** her ass = {{m|en|she}}、{{m|en|her}}、{{m|en|herself}}
** your asses = {{m|en|y'all}}、{{m|en|y'all}}、{{m|en|yourselves}}
** their asses = {{m|en|they}}、{{m|en|them}}、{{m|en|themselves}}
=====衍生词汇=====
{{der3|en
|assage
|[[ass-backwards]], [[ass backward]], [[ass-backward]]
|ass bandit
|[[ass clown]], [[assclown]]
|ass crack
|assfuck
|assgasm
|assgrab
|asshat
|[[asshole]], [[ass hole]]
|asshood
|ass in a sling
|ass kicking
|ass kissing
|assle
|ass-licker
|assmonkey
|ass over teakettle
|assrun
|bare-assed
|big-ass
|blow it out one's ass
|bust ass
|bust ass cold
|bust one's ass
|[[dumbass]], [[dumb ass]], [[dumb-ass]]
|[[fatass]], [[fat-ass]]
|get one's ass in gear
|give a rat's ass
|[[half-assed]], [[half-ass]], [[half ass]]
|[[hardass]], [[hard-ass]], [[hard-assed]]
|haul ass
|her ass
|his ass
|horse's ass
|horseshoe up one's ass
|[[kick ass]], [[kick-ass]], [[kickass]]
|[[kiss ass]], [[kiss-ass]]|kiss my ass
|kiss one's ass goodbye|know one's ass from a hole in the ground
|laugh one's ass off
|my ass
|pain in the ass
|piece of ass
|pop a cap in someone's ass
|put one's ass on the line
|quarter-assed
|shake one's ass
|[[smart ass]], [[smart-ass]]
|[[someone's ass off]], [[one's ass off]]
|stick up one's ass
|take it up the ass
|their ass
|their asses
|whoop ass
|[[wiseass]], [[wise-ass]]
|[[work someone's ass off]], [[work one's ass off]]
|your ass
|your asses
|piss out one's ass|Teck's ass|Tex-ass|ass backwards|ass beating|ass breath|ass call|ass catch|ass cheeks|ass crack of dawn|ass eating|ass floss|ass guard|ass juice|ass kisser|ass licker|ass pounding|ass pull|ass sucker|ass to mouth|ass-breath|ass-kicking|ass-kisser|ass-kissing|ass-licking|ass-pull|ass-rape|bad ass|bad-ass|bee up one's ass|bet one's ass|big ass|bitch-ass|bite my ass|bite my shiny metal ass|blow smoke up someone's ass|bomb-ass|break ass|bubble ass|bug up one's ass|bust a cap in someone's ass|bust someone's ass|candy-ass|cat's ass|cottage cheese ass|cover someone's ass|cracker-ass|crazy-ass|die in the ass|drag ass|duck's ass|eat ass|eating ass|fake-ass|fly-ass|gay-ass|get off one's ass|get one's ass handed to one|get one's ass into gear|get up someone's ass|gnat's ass|grab ass|grab-ass|grassy ass|grown-ass|have one's ass handed to one|have one's head up one's ass|he-ass|jack-ass|jenny-ass|jerk ass|jerk-ass|jive-ass|kick ass and take names|kick someone's ass|kick up the ass|kiss someone's ass|know one's ass from one's elbow|know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground|know the difference between one's ass and one's elbow|lard-ass|lazy ass|lazy-ass|lick someone's ass|light someone's ass up|like ass|make an ass of|no-good ass|one's ass is grass|open a can of whoop ass|open up a can of whoop ass|out the ass|pain in one's ass|pickle up one's ass|piss out of one's ass|pole up one's ass|pull out of one's ass|punk-ass|put foot to ass|put one's foot in someone's ass|put one's foot up someone's ass|raggedy-ass|ride someone's ass|rip ass|sad ass|sell one's ass|she-ass|shit ass|shitty-ass|short-ass|shove it up your ass|show one's ass|sick ass|sick-ass|sit on one's ass|sit one's ass down|sketch-ass|slap my ass and call me Judy|slap my ass and call me Sally|stank-ass|strange-ass|suck ass|suck-ass|swamp ass|take one's tongue out of someone's ass|talk out of one's ass|talk out one's ass|talk through one's ass|think the sun shines out of someone's ass|tight as a duck's ass|tits and ass|up one's own ass|up the ass|up to one's ass in alligators|watch one's ass|weird-ass|whoop-ass|with one's thumbs up one's ass|assface|assbutt|buttass|assfucker|asswipe|assholery|asshattery|assclownery|assholic|assholism|assholedom |assholey|asshatty|assholehood|assbag|assholio |assbucket |lameass|assholeness|assfuck |assfucker|sorry ass|stick in one’s ass|asshead|assnose|half-ass|half-arsed|assbrain}}
====助词====
{{head|en|助詞}}
# {{synonym of|en|-ass|pos=形容词强调助词}}
#: {{ux|en|That was one big '''ass''' fish!|那鱼好'''他妈'''大!}}
#: {{ux|en|That's an expensive '''ass''' car!|那辆车真'''他妈'''贵!}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{cite-journal|author=Archibald A. Hill|year=1940|title=Early Loss of [r] before Dentals|journal=PMLA|volume=55|issue=2|pages=308-359|doi=10.2307/458450}}
* {{cite-journal|author=L. Sprague de Camp|authorlink=L. Sprague de Camp|year=1971|title=Arse and ass|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|volume=1|issue=2|pages=79–80|doi=10.1017/S0025100300000281}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ass|SAS|SSA|Sas}}
{{catlangname|en|詈語|3字母詞}}
{{topics|en|臀部|馬科動物|人}}
==德语==
===动词===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{standard spelling of|de|from=SLDE|aß}}
==拉特加莱语==
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|ltg|ine-bsl-pro|*aśís}}。同源词有{{cog|lv|ass}}和{{cog|lt|ašis}}。
====发音====
* {{ltg-IPA|ass'}}
* {{hyph|ltg|ass}}
====名词====
{{ltg-noun|f|aseite}}
# [[轴]]
=====变格=====
{{ltg-decl-noun/6|ass|oss}}
===词源 2===
{{nonlemma}}
====发音====
* {{ltg-IPA}}
* {{hyph|ltg|ass}}
====分词====
{{ltg-part|PrOP}}
# {{inflection of|ltg|byut||present|oblique|participle}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ltg:Bukss:1973|page=131}}
==拉脱维亚语==
[[File:Train axle.jpg|200px|thumb|Vagona ass]]
[[File:Orienteta taisne.JPG|200px|thumb|Ass]]
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|lv|ine-bsl-pro|*aśís}},源自{{der|lv|ine-pro|*h₂eḱs-}}。原为i/n-词根,其在波罗的海地区变为了i-词根。<ref name="LEV">{{R:lv:LEV}}。</ref>
====发音====
* {{lv-IPA|as}}
{{audio|lv|lv-riga-ass.ogg}}
====名词====
{{lv-noun|f|6th}}
# [[轴]]
#: {{ux|lv|ratu '''ass'''|'''轴'''承|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|vagona '''ass'''|车'''轴'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|motocikla pakaļējā riteņa '''ass'''|摩托车的后车'''轴'''|inline=1}}
# {{lb|lv|mathematics}} [[轴]]
#: {{ux|lv|simetrijas, rotācijas '''ass'''|对称'''轴''',旋转'''轴'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|zemes griešanās '''ass'''|地球的旋转'''轴'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|koordinātu '''asis'''|坐标'''轴'''|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|abscisu, ordinātu '''ass'''|x-、y-'''轴'''|inline=1}}
=====变格=====
{{lv-decl-noun|a|s|6th||s|s|extrawidth=-60}}
===词源 2===
与{{m|lv|ass||轴}}同源,原为对应一个人伸展手臂时的长度的度量单位(对比{{cog|ru|са́жень}})。<ref name="LEV"/>
====发音====
* {{lv-IPA|as}}
{{audio|lv|lv-riga-ass.ogg}}
====名词====
{{lv-noun|f|6th}}
# [[俄丈]] {{gl|俄罗斯旧制长度计量单位,约等于2.13[[米]]}}
#: {{ux|lv|jūras '''ass'''|'''英寻'''(约1.83米)|inline=1}}
# [[俄丈]] {{gl|俄罗斯测量木材的旧体积计量单位,约2-4[[立方米]]}}
#: {{ux|lv|divas '''asis''' malkas|2'''俄丈'''木材|inline=1}}
=====变格=====
{{lv-decl-noun|a|s|6th||s|s|extrawidth=-60}}
===词源 3===
源自早期形式{{m|lv|*asus}},源自{{inh|lv|bat-pro|*ašus}},源自{{der|lv|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-||尖}}。带了附加后缀''*-ro'',同一词根亦产生了{{cog|ine-bsl-pro|*aśras||尖}},派生出拉脱维亚语方言词{{m|lv|asrs}}以及{{cog|lt|-}}同源词{{m|lt|aštrùs}},方言词{{m|lt|ašrùs}}。该词根还派生出带''ak''而非''as''的词(比如{{m|lv|akmens||石头}}、{{m|lv|akots||芒刺}}),可能是原始印欧语的方言变体产生的。拉脱维亚语中,先前的''u''-词根形容词(如{{m|lv|*asus}})被合并到了其他类别下,{{m|lv|*asus}}产生出了''o''-词根和''yo-''词根变体,它们后面成为了独立单词,{{m|lv|ass}}和{{m|lv|ašs}},且语义上有差异(比如亦对比{{m|lv|plats}}和{{m|lv|plašs}}或{{m|lv|dobs}}和{{m|lv|dobjš}})。其他同源词包括{{cog|cu|остръ|sc=Cyrs}}、{{cog|ru|о́стрый}}、{{cog|be|во́стры|sc=Cyrl}}、{{cog|uk|о́стрий|sc=Cyrl}}、{{m|uk|го́стрий|sc=Cyrl}}、{{cog|bg|о́стър|sc=Cyrl}}、{{cog|cs|ostrý}}、{{cog|pl|ostry}}、{{cog|gem-pro|*agjō}}({{cog|goh|ecka}}、{{m|goh|egga||边缘,尖角,尖端,刀刃}}、{{cog|de|Ecke}}、{{cog|sa|अश्रि|अश्रिः|角落,尖角,刃|tr=áśriḥ|sc=Deva}}、{{cog|grc|ἀκή||尖端}}、{{m|grc|ἄκρος||尖的}}、{{cog|la|ācer||尖的}}、{{m|la|aciēs||锋利;刀刃}}。<ref name="LEV"/>
====发音====
* {{lv-IPA|as}}
{{audio|lv|lv-riga-ass.ogg}}
====形容词====
{{lv-adj|as}}
# [[尖锐]]的,[[锋利]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' nazis, zāģis, cirvis|'''锐利'''的刀,锯,斧|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' īlens, ilknis|'''锐利'''的锥子,獠牙|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' adata|'''尖'''针|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asi''' ragi, ilkņi|'''尖'''角,'''尖'''牙|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asas''' kalnu galotnes|'''陡峭'''的山顶|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' zīmulis|'''尖锐'''的铅笔|inline=1}}
# (指身体部位或字体)尖的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asi''' elkoņi|'''弯'''的手肘|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asi''' vaigu kauli|'''尖锐'''的颧骨|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asas''' burtu formas rokrakstā||inline=1}}
# {{lb|lv|指植物}} [[尖]]的,有尖刺的
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' dadzis, paeglis, grīslis|'''尖'''蓟,'''尖锐'''的刺柏,'''尖锐'''的莎草|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' zāle, nātre|'''尖'''树叶,'''尖锐'''的荨麻|inline=1}}
# {{lb|lv|指布料,皮肤等}} [[粗糙]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' sejas āda|'''粗糙'''的面部肌肤|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' linu dvielis|'''粗'''亚麻制的毛巾|inline=1}}
# [[刺激]][[感官]]的 {{gl|如辛辣等}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' mērce|'''辣'''酱|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' dūmu smaka|'''刺鼻'''的烟雾气味|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' ož pēc hlora|氯的'''刺鼻'''气味|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' vējš|'''刺鼻'''的风|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asas''' sāpes|'''尖锐'''的疼痛|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' klepus|'''重重'''的咳嗽|inline=1}}
# [[严厉]]的,[[不留情面]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asā''' balss|'''严厉'''的语气|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|runāt '''asā''' tonī|用'''严厉'''的语气说话|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' sarkasms|'''尖酸'''的讽刺|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' pārmetumi|'''严厉'''的批评|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' ķilda|'''凶猛'''的争吵|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' mēle|'''尖酸刻薄'''的话语|inline=1}}
# [[清晰]]的,[[鲜明]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asas''' kontūras|'''鲜活'''的形象|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asi''' sejas vaibsti|'''鲜明'''的面部特征|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|zīmēt '''asām''' līnijām|用'''清晰'''的线条作画|inline=1}}
# {{lb|lv|指问题}} [[尖锐]]的,[[重要]]的,[[严重]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' problēma|'''严重'''的问题|inline=1}}
# [[锐利]]的,[[敏锐]]的
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' redze|'''敏锐'''的视觉|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''ass''' prāts|'''清晰'''的头脑|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|lv|'''asa''' uztvere|'''敏锐'''的觉察力|inline=1}}
=====变格=====
{{lv-decl-adj|as|extrawidth=-100}}
=====近义词=====
* {{sense|尖锐}} {{l|lv|skaudrs}}
* {{sense|严厉,刻薄}} {{l|lv|raupjš}}、{{l|lv|rupjš}}、{{l|lv|negluds}}、{{l|lv|skarbs}}
=====反义词=====
* {{sense|尖锐}} {{l|lv|truls}}、{{l|lv|neass}}
* {{sense|严厉刻薄}} {{l|lv|gluds}}、{{l|lv|maigs}}、{{l|lv|mīksts}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|lv|asums}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
{{topics|lv|簡單機械|觸覺|計量單位}}
==卢森堡语==
===动词===
{{head|lb|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|lb|sinn||3|s|pres}}
==曼岛语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|gv|sga|ass}},{{m|sga|a|a|id=out of|t=自,离}}的阳性和中性单数形式,源自{{inh|gv|cel-pro|*exs}},源自{{inh|gv|ine-pro|*h₁eǵʰs||来自}}。对比{{cog|ga|as}}。
===副词===
{{head|gv|副詞}}
# [[出]]
===介词===
{{head|gv|介詞}}
# 从...中
====屈折====
{{gv-prep-infl
|1sg=assym
|2sg=assyd
|3sgm=ass
|3sgmem=assyn
|3sgf=assjee
|1pl=assdooin
|2pl=assdiu
|3pl=assdaue
}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|gv|ass y cheer}}
* {{l|gv|ass y hene}}
===代词===
{{head|gv|前置格代詞}}
# {{inflection of|gv|ec||1|p}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|gv|assyn}} {{qualifier|强调}}
==中古英语==
===名词===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{alternative form of|enm|asshe|t=烧掉的东西}}
==书面挪威语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|nb|Ass}} {{qual|也可首字母大写}}
===名词===
{{nb-noun-m1}}
# {{lb|nb|music}} [[A♭]]
==新挪威语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|nn|Ass}} {{qual|也可首字母大写}}
===名词===
{{nn-noun-m1}}
# {{lb|nn|music}} [[A♭]]
==古爱尔兰语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|sga|as}}
* {{l|sga|es}}
===发音===
* {{IPA|sga|/as/}}
===代词===
{{head|sga|前置格代詞}}
# {{inflection of|sga|a||3|s|m}}
==瑞典语==
===名词===
{{sv-noun|n}}
# {{lb|sv|music}} [[A♭]]
# [[挂号信]];{{abbreviation of|sv|[[assurerad]] ([[försändelse]])}}
#:{{coord|sv|rek}}
====变格====
{{sv-infl-noun-n-zero|genitive=}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=ass|s.a.s.|sas}}
{{topics|sv|郵政}}
==里菲安语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|as}}
===词源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===名词===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ussan}}
# [[天]],一天
#: {{syn|rif|nnhar}}
# [[白天]]
#: {{syn|rif|azir}}
====变格====
{{rif-infl-noun|wass|ussan|wussan}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|rif|assa|t=今天}}
{{c|rif|一天裡的時刻}}
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كتاب
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{{also|کتاب|كباب|کباب|كناب}}
==阿爾及利亞阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|arq|ar|كِتَاب}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|arq|/ktaːb/}}
===名詞===
{{head|arq|名詞|g=m|tr=ktāb|複數|كتب|f1tr=ktūb}}
# [[書]]
==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|ك ت ب}}
===詞源1===
{{etymon|ar|id=書|:root|ك ت ب<id:詞根>}}
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|كِتَاب
|ph=Egypt:keˈtæːb;Hijaz:kɪˈt̪aːb;Lebanon:kiˈtæːb;Central Arabia:kɪˈt̪aːb;Iraq,Persian Gulf:kɪˈt̪ɑːb;Tunisia:kiˈt̪ɛːb;Morocco:kiˈtæːb
|a=Ar-كِتَابٌ.oga
}}
** {{IPA|ar|[keˈtæːb]|a=Egypt}}
** {{IPA|acw|[kɪˈt̪aːb]|a=漢志}}
** {{IPA|ar|[kiˈtæːb]|a=Lebanon}}
** {{IPA|ar|[kɪˈt̪aːb]|a=阿拉伯中部}}
** {{IPA|ar|[kɪˈt̪ɑːb]|a=Iraq,波斯灣}}
** {{IPA|ar|[kiˈt̪ɛːb]|a=Tunisia}}
** {{IPA|ar|[kiˈtæːb]|a=Morocco}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-كِتَابٌ.oga|a=Morocco}}
* 前述方言的變體:
** {{IPA|apc|[kteːb]|a=黎巴嫩阿拉伯語}}
** {{IPA|aeb|[kt̪ɛːb]|a=突尼斯阿拉伯語}}
** {{IPA|ary|[ktæːb]|a=摩洛哥阿拉伯語}}
**{{IPA|acm|[kt̪ɑːb]|a=伊拉克阿拉伯語}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|كِتَاب|m|pl=كُتُب}}
# [[經文]],[[古蘭經]]或[[聖經]]
# [[信]],[[便條]],[[紙]],[[信息]]
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|27|29-31|passage=قَالَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَأُ إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ إِلَيَّ '''كِتَابٌ''' كَرِيمٌ{{nbsp}}۝ إِنَّهُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ{{nbsp}}۝ أَلَّا تَعْلُوا عَلَيَّ وَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ{{nbsp}}۝|t=她說:「臣僕們啊!我接到一封貴重的'''信'''。這封信確是素萊曼寄來的,這封信的內容確是『奉至仁至慈的真主之名。你們不要對我傲慢無禮,你們應當來歸順我。』」}}
# [[書]]
#: {{ux|ar|الْكِتَاب|古蘭經;聖經|inline=1}}
# [[記錄]],[[文件]],[[契約]],[[合同]]
# [[婚約]]
# {{lb|ar|obsolete}} {{ar-verbal noun of|كَتَبَ|form=I}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|كَاتَبَ|form=III}}
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|24|33
|passage=وَٱلَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ '''ٱلْكِتَابَ''' مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ
|t=你們的奴婢中要求'''訂約'''贖身者,你們就應當與他們訂約}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|كِتَاب|pl=كُتُب}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ar|كِتَابِيّ}}
* {{l|ar|كُتُبِيّ}}
* {{l|ar|كُتَيِّب}}
=====派生詞=====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|ace|kitab|t=書}}
* {{desc|aa|kitáb}}
* {{desc|az|kitab}} / {{l|az|китаб}} / {{l|az|کتاب}}
* {{desc|ba|китап}}
* {{desc|be|кітаб|t=使用阿拉伯文字書寫的舊白俄羅斯語或波蘭語書}}
* {{desc|ce|китаб|t=書}}
* {{desc|crh|kitap|t=書}}
* {{desc|hi|किताब|t=書}}
* {{desc|kk|кітап|t=書}}
* {{desc|klj|kitâb}}
* {{desc|kmr|kitêb|t=書}}
* {{desc|ckb|کتاو|t=書}}
* {{desc|ky|китеп|t=書}}
* {{desc|kum|китап}}
* {{desc|ms|-}}
** {{desctree|ms|kitab|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|ms|کتاب|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mt|ktieb|t=書}}
* {{desc|min|kitab|t=書}}
* {{desc|ps|کتاب|tr=ketãb|t=書}}
* {{desctree|fa|کِتاب|tr=ketâb|t=書}}
* {{desc|pl|kitab|t=使用阿拉伯文字書寫的舊白俄羅斯語或波蘭語書}}
* {{desc|rhg|kitab|t=書}}
* {{desc|slr|kitab|t=書}}
* {{desc|sw|kitabu|t=書}}
* {{desc|tg|китоб|t=書}}
* {{desc|ttj|ekitabu|t=書}}
* {{desc|tt|китап|t=書}}
* {{desc|tr|kitap|t=書}} / {{l|ota|كتاب}}
* {{desc|tk|kitap|t=書}}
* {{desc|ur|کتاب|tr=kitāb|t=書}}
* {{desc|ug|كىتاب|t=書}}
* {{desc|uz|kitob}} / {{l|uz|китоб|t=書}}
* {{desc|yka|kitab|t=書}}
* {{desc|zza|Kıtabi|t=書}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|كُتَّاب}}
====名詞====
{{ar-head|nounf|كُتَّاب|m-p}}
# {{plural of|ar|كَاتِب||作家}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|كُتَّاب|m|pl=كَتَاتِيب}}
# 教授古蘭經的傳統學校
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|كُتَّاب|pl=كَتَاتِيب}}
===來源===
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4}}
{{C|ar|書}}
==察合臺語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|chg|ar|كِتَاب}},可能經由{{bor|chg|fa-cls|کتاب|tr=kitāb}} 借入。
===名詞===
{{head|chg|名詞|複數|كتابلار|tr=kitāb}}
# [[書]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|ug|كىتاب}}
* {{desc|uz|kitob}}
==埃及阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|arz|ar|كِتَاب}}。
===名詞===
{{arz-noun|tr=kitāb|g=m|pl=كتب|pltr=kutub}}
# [[書]]
#: {{uxi|arz|عموما التفاصيل في ال'''كتاب'''|tr=ʕumūman it-tafaṣīl fil-'''kitāb'''|t=一般來說,所有的細節都在'''書'''中。}}
==漢志阿拉伯語==
{{acw-root|ك ت ب}}
[[File:Pieni2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|{{lang|acw|كتاب}}]]
===詞源1===
{{inh+|acw|ar|كِتَاب}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|acw|/ki.ˈtaːb/|[kɪ.ˈtaːb]}}
====名詞====
{{acw-noun|g=m|tr=kitāb|pl=كتب|pltr=kutub}}
# [[書]]
===詞源2===
{{inh+|acw|ar|كُتَّاب}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|acw|/kutˈtaːb/|[kʊtˈtaːb]}}
====名詞====
{{head|acw|名詞變格形|g=p|head=كُتَّاب|tr=kuttāb}}
# {{plural of|acw|كاتب|tr=kātib}}
==北黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|apc|ar|كِتَاب}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|kitaːb<p:kɨtæːb><q:Aleppo>|kteːb<p:kteːb><q:Beirut>}}
===名詞===
{{apc-noun|g=m|tr=ktāb|pl=كِتِب|pltr=kitib}}
# [[書]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
[[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|كتاب}}]]
{{etymon|ota|id=書|:bor|ar:كِتَاب<id:書>|tree=1|text=++}}
====其他寫法====
* {{alt|ota|քիթապ||Armeno-Turkish}}
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|head=كِتاب|tr=kitâb|pl=كُتُب|pltr=kütüb}}
# [[書]]
=====衍生詞=====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|كتابجی|tr=kitabcı|t=書商}}
|{{l|ota|كتبخانه|tr=kütübhane|t=圖書館}}
|{{l|ota|كتابسز|tr=kitabsız|t=未受教育的}}
}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|kitap}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:tr:OTK|kitap|vol=1|page=2692}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=1011}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=941|Liber}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|L|column=3867}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|kitap}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1525}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ota|ar|كُتَّاب}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞變格形|head=كُتّاب|tr=küttâb}}
# {{plural of|ota|كاتِب|tr=kâtib}}
{{topics|ota|書}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ك ت ب}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|كِتَاب}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|ktāb<p:ktæːb>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-كتاب.wav|a=Ramallah}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=ktāb|pl=كتب|pltr=kútob}}
# [[書]]
{{c|ajp|書}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=太阳节|type=21}}
{{wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Tàiyángjié
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|zh|專有名詞}}
# [[朝鮮民主主義人民共和國]]為[[慶祝]][[開國]][[領袖]]{{w|金日成}}[[生日]]所定的[[節日]]
{{c|zh|假期|朝鮮|主體思想}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hj|hangeul=태양절}}
# {{hanja form of|태양절}}
6jkjsz30fzwf70k4091m307o7gssr11
Грузия
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==巴什基爾語==
{{wiki|lang=ba}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|ba|專有名詞}}
# {{place|ba|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
{{c|ba|格魯吉亞}}
{{cln|ba|外名}}
==保加利亞語==
{{wiki|lang=bg}}
===發音===
* {{bg-pr|Гру́зия|a=[KK]}}
===專有名詞===
{{bg-proper noun|Гру́зия|f|adj=грузи́нски}}
# {{place|bg|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
====變格====
{{bg-ndecl|Гру́зия<(v)/n:sg>}}
{{cln|bg|外名}}
==哈薩克語==
{{kk-regional|Грузия|گرۋزيا}}
{{wiki|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|kk|ru|Гру́зия}}。
===專有名詞===
{{kk-prop}}
# {{place|kk|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|kk|Гүржістан}}
* {{l|kk|Гүржия}}
{{c|kk|格魯吉亞}}
{{cln|kk|外名}}
==茲梁科米語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|kpv|ru|Гру́зия}}.
===發音===
* {{kpv-IPA|грузия}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|kpv|專有名詞}}
# {{place|kpv|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
{{c|kpv|格魯吉亞}}
{{cln|kpv|外名}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
{{wiki|lang=ky}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ky|ru|Гру́зия}}。
===專有名詞===
{{ky-prop}}
# {{place|ky|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun-sg}}
{{c|ky|格魯吉亞}}
{{cln|ky|外名}}
==俄語==
{{wiki|lang=ru}}
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ru|Гру́зія||ru-PRO}}
===詞源===
現代構成來自{{af|ru|грузи́н|-ия}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Гру́зия}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Грузия.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Гру́зия|adj=грузи́нский}}
# {{place|ru|<<r/高加索>>橫貫大陸<<國家>>,跨越<<cont/歐洲,亞洲>>兩洲|capital=提比里斯|t=格魯吉亞}}
#: {{syn|ru|Сакартве́ло|tr=Sakartvɛ́lo|q1=罕用或內名|Джо́рджия|q2=罕用、口語、有時諷刺}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Гру́зия|n=sg}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|грузи́н}}, {{l|ru|грузи́нка}}
* {{l|ru|грузи́нский}}
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ba|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|be|Гру́зія}}
* {{desc|bor=y|bg|Грузия}}
* {{desc|zh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|格魯吉亞}}
** {{desc|bor=y|za|Gwzlujgizya}}
*: {{desc|yue|-}} {{zh-l|格魯吉亞|tr=gaak3 lou5 gat1 aa3}}
* {{desc|bor=y|cs|Gruzie}}
* {{desc|bor=y|et|Gruusia}}
* {{desc|bor=y|fi|Gruusia}}
* {{desc|de|Grusien|der=1}}
* {{desc|bor=y|he|גְּרוּזְיָה|tr=grúzia}}
* {{desc|bor=y|hu|Grúzia}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ja|グルジア|tr=Gurujia}}
* {{desc|bor=y|kk|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ko|^그루지야}}
* {{desc|bor=y|kpv|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ky|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|lv|Gruzija}}
* {{desc|bor=y|lt|Gruzija}}
* {{desc|olo|Gruuzii|der=1}}
* {{desc|bor=y|mk|Грузија}}
* {{desc|bor=y|ro|-}}
** {{desc|ro|Грузия|sclang=1|qq=Moldova, dated}}
* {{desc|bor=y|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|Гру̑зија|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|Gruzija|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|der=y|sk|Gruzínsko}}
* {{desc|bor=y|sl|Grúzija}}
* {{desc|sv|Grusien|der=1}}
* {{desc|bor=y|tt|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|tk|Gruziýa}}
* {{desc|bor=y|udm|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|uk|Гру́зія}}
* {{desc|ug|گرۇزىيە|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=y|uz|Gruziya}}
* {{desc|bor=y|vi|Gru-di-a}}
* {{desc|bor=y|sah|Грузия}}
* {{desc|bor=y|yi|גרוזיע}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
{{list:countries in Europe/ru}}
===來源===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|грузин|vol=1|page=464}}
{{c|ru|格魯吉亞}}
{{cln|ru|外名}}
cig2vc3ct034q8exvtqlbqc4s648cjx
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--[==[ intro:
This module implements fetching of language-specific information and processing text in a given language.
===Types of languages===
There are two types of languages: full languages and etymology-only languages. The essential difference is that only
full languages appear in L2 headings in vocabulary entries, and hence categories like [[:Category:French nouns]] exist
only for full languages. Etymology-only languages have either a full language or another etymology-only language as
their parent (in the parent-child inheritance sense), and for etymology-only languages with another etymology-only
language as their parent, a full language can always be derived by following the parent links upwards. For example,
"Canadian French", code `fr-CA`, is an etymology-only language whose parent is the full language "French", code `fr`.
An example of an etymology-only language with another etymology-only parent is "Northumbrian Old English", code
`ang-nor`, which has "Anglian Old English", code `ang-ang` as its parent; this is an etymology-only language whose
parent is "Old English", code `ang`, which is a full language. (This is because Northumbrian Old English is considered
a variety of Anglian Old English.) Sometimes the parent is the "Undetermined" language, code `und`; this is the case,
for example, for "substrate" languages such as "Pre-Greek", code `qsb-grc`, and "the BMAC substrate", code `qsb-bma`.
It is important to distinguish language ''parents'' from language ''ancestors''. The parent-child relationship is one
of containment, i.e. if X is a child of Y, X is considered a variety of Y. On the other hand, the ancestor-descendant
relationship is one of descent in time. For example, "Classical Latin", code `la-cla`, and "Late Latin", code `la-lat`,
are both etymology-only languages with "Latin", code `la`, as their parents, because both of the former are varieties
of Latin. However, Late Latin does *NOT* have Classical Latin as its parent because Late Latin is *not* a variety of
Classical Latin; rather, it is a descendant. There is in fact a separate `ancestors` field that is used to express the
ancestor-descendant relationship, and Late Latin's ancestor is given as Classical Latin. It is also important to note
that sometimes an etymology-only language is actually the conceptual ancestor of its parent language. This happens,
for example, with "Old Italian" (code `roa-oit`), which is an etymology-only variant of full language "Italian" (code
`it`), and with "Old Latin" (code `itc-ola`), which is an etymology-only variant of Latin. In both cases, the full
language has the etymology-only variant listed as an ancestor. This allows a Latin term to inherit from Old Latin
using the {{tl|inh}} template (where in this template, "inheritance" refers to ancestral inheritance, i.e. inheritance
in time, rather than in the parent-child sense); likewise for Italian and Old Italian.
Full languages come in three subtypes:
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the
main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the
{Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages
are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük,
among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with
*. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in
the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have *
prefixed in links. Most constructed languages are of this subtype.
Both full languages and etymology-only languages have a {Language} object associated with them, which is fetched using
the {getByCode} function in [[Module:languages]] to convert a language code to a {Language} object. Depending on the
options supplied to this function, etymology-only languages may or may not be accepted, and family codes may be
accepted (returning a {Family} object as described in [[Module:families]]). There are also separate {getByCanonicalName}
functions in [[Module:languages]] and [[Module:etymology languages]] to convert a language's canonical name to a
{Language} object (depending on whether the canonical name refers to a full or etymology-only language).
===Textual representations===
Textual strings belonging to a given language come in several different ''text variants'':
# The ''input text'' is what the user supplies in wikitext, in the parameters to {{tl|m}}, {{tl|l}}, {{tl|ux}},
{{tl|t}}, {{tl|lang}} and the like.
# The ''corrected input text'' is the input text with some corrections and/or normalizations applied, such as
bad-character replacements for certain languages, like replacing `l` or `1` to [[palochka]] in some languages written
in Cyrillic. (FIXME: This currently goes under the name ''display text'' but that will be repurposed below. Also,
[[User:Surjection]] suggests renaming this to ''normalized input text'', but "normalized" is used in a different sense
in [[Module:usex]].)
# The ''display text'' is the text in the form as it will be displayed to the user. This is what appears in headwords,
in usexes, in displayed internal links, etc. This can include accent marks that are removed to form the stripped
display text (see below), as well as embedded bracketed links that are variously processed further. The display text
is generated from the corrected input text by applying language-specific transformations; for most languages, there
will be no such transformations. The general reason for having a difference between input and display text is to allow
for extra information in the input text that is not displayed to the user but is sent to the transliteration module.
Note that having different display and input text is only supported currently through special-casing but will be
generalized. Examples of transformations are: (1) Removing the {{cd|^}} that is used in certain East Asian (and
possibly other unicameral) languages to indicate capitalization of the transliteration (which is currently
special-cased); (2) for Korean, removing or otherwise processing hyphens (which is currently special-cased); (3) for
Arabic, removing a ''sukūn'' diacritic placed over a ''tāʔ marbūṭa'' (like this: ةْ) to indicate that the
''tāʔ marbūṭa'' is pronounced and transliterated as /t/ instead of being silent [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET]; (4) for
Thai and Khmer, converting space-separated words to bracketed words and resolving respelling substitutions such as
`[กรีน/กฺรีน]`, which indicate how to transliterate given words [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET except in language-specific
templates like {{tl|th-usex}}].
## The ''right-resolved display text'' is the result of removing brackets around one-part embedded links and resolving
two-part embedded links into their right-hand components (i.e. converting two-part links into the displayed form).
The process of right-resolution is what happens when you call {{cd|remove_links()}} in [[Module:links]] on some text.
When applied to the display text, it produces exactly what the user sees, without any link markup.
# The ''stripped display text'' is the result of applying diacritic-stripping to the display text.
## The ''left-resolved stripped display text'' [NEED BETTER NAME] is the result of applying left-resolution to the
stripped display text, i.e. similar to right-resolution but resolving two-part embedded links into their left-hand
components (i.e. the linked-to page). If the display text refers to a single page, the resulting of applying
diacritic stripping and left-resolution produces the ''logical pagename''.
# The ''physical pagename text'' is the result of converting the stripped display text into physical page links. If the
stripped display text contains embedded links, the left side of those links is converted into physical page links;
otherwise, the entire text is considered a pagename and converted in the same fashion. The conversion does three
things: (1) converts characters not allowed in pagenames into their "unsupported title" representation, e.g.
{{cd|Unsupported titles/`gt`}} in place of the logical name {{cd|>}}; (2) handles certain special-cased
unsupported-title logical pagenames, such as {{cd|Unsupported titles/Space}} in place of {{cd|[space]}} and
{{cd|Unsupported titles/Ancient Greek dish}} in place of a very long Greek name for a gourmet dish as found in
Aristophanes; (3) converts "mammoth" pagenames such as [[a]] into their appropriate split component, e.g.
[[a/languages A to L]].
# The ''source translit text'' is the text as supplied to the language-specific {{cd|transliterate()}} method. The form
of the source translit text may need to be language-specific, e.g Thai and Khmer will need the corrected input text,
whereas other languages may need to work off the display text. [FIXME: It's still unclear to me how embedded bracketed
links are handled in the existing code.] In general, embedded links need to be right-resolved (see above), but when
this happens is unclear to me [FIXME]. Some languages have a chop-up-and-paste-together scheme that sends parts of the
text through the transliterate mechanism, and for others (those listed with "cont" in {{cd|substitution}} in
[[Module:languages/data]]) they receive the full input text, but preprocessed in certain ways. (The wisdom of this is
still unclear to me.)
# The ''transliterated text'' (or ''transliteration'') is the result of transliterating the source translit text. Unlike
for all the other text variants except the transcribed text, it is always in the Latin script.
# The ''transcribed text'' (or ''transcription'') is the result of transcribing the source translit text, where
"transcription" here means a close approximation to the phonetic form of the language in languages (e.g. Akkadian,
Sumerian, Ancient Egyptian, maybe Tibetan) that have a wide difference between the written letters and spoken form.
Unlike for all the other text variants other than the transliterated text, it is always in the Latin script.
Currently, the transcribed text is always supplied manually be the user; there is no such thing as a
{{cd|transcribe()}} method on language objects.
# The ''sort key'' is the text used in sort keys for determining the placing of pages in categories they belong to. The
sort key is generated from the pagename or a specified ''sort base'' by lowercasing, doing language-specific
transformations and then uppercasing the result. If the sort base is supplied and is generated from input text, it
needs to be converted to display text, have embedded links removed through right-resolution and have
diacritic-stripping applied.
# There are other text variants that occur in usexes (specifically, there are normalized variants of several of the
above text variants), but we can skip them for now.
The following methods exist on {Language} objects to convert between different text variants:
# {correctInputText} (currently called {makeDisplayText}): This converts input text to corrected input text.
# {stripDiacritics}: This converts to stripped display text. [FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular,
{stripDiacritics} is sometimes called on input text, corrected input text or display text (in various paths inside of
[[Module:links]], and, in the case of input text, usually from other modules). We need to make sure we don't try to
convert input text to display text twice, but at the same time we need to support calling it directly on input text
since so many modules do this. This means we need to add a parameter indicating whether the passed-in text is input,
corrected input, or display text; if the former two, we call {correctInputText} ourselves.]
# {logicalToPhysical}: This converts logical pagenames to physical pagenames.
# {transliterate}: This appears to convert input text with embedded brackets removed into a transliteration.
[FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular, it calls {processDisplayText} on its input, which won't work
for Thai and Khmer, so we may need language-specific flags indicating whether to pass the input text directly to the
language transliterate method. In addition, I'm not sure how embedded links are handled in the existing translit code;
a lot of callers remove the links themselves before calling {transliterate()}, which I assume is wrong.]
# {makeSortKey}: This converts display text (?) to a sort key. [FIXME: Clarify this.]
]==]
local export = {}
local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track"
local etymology_languages_data_module = "Module:etymology languages/data"
local families_module = "Module:families"
local headword_page_module = "Module:headword/page"
local json_module = "Module:JSON"
local language_like_module = "Module:language-like"
local languages_data_module = "Module:languages/data"
local languages_data_patterns_module = "Module:languages/data/patterns"
local links_data_module = "Module:links/data"
local load_module = "Module:load"
local scripts_module = "Module:scripts"
local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data"
local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:string/encode entities"
local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape"
local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape"
local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"
local table_module = "Module:table"
local utilities_module = "Module:utilities"
local wikimedia_languages_module = "Module:wikimedia languages"
local mw = mw
local string = string
local table = table
local char = string.char
local concat = table.concat
local find = string.find
local floor = math.floor
local get_by_code -- Defined below.
local get_data_module_name -- Defined below.
local get_extra_data_module_name -- Defined below.
local getmetatable = getmetatable
local gmatch = string.gmatch
local gsub = string.gsub
local insert = table.insert
local ipairs = ipairs
local is_known_language_tag = mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag
local make_object -- Defined below.
local match = string.match
local next = next
local pairs = pairs
local remove = table.remove
local require = require
local select = select
local setmetatable = setmetatable
local sub = string.sub
local type = type
local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip
-- Loaded as needed by findBestScript.
local Hans_chars
local Hant_chars
local function check_object(...)
check_object = require(utilities_module).check_object
return check_object(...)
end
local function debug_track(...)
debug_track = require(debug_track_module)
return debug_track(...)
end
local function decode_entities(...)
decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities
return decode_entities(...)
end
local function decode_uri(...)
decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri
return decode_uri(...)
end
local function deep_copy(...)
deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy
return deep_copy(...)
end
local function encode_entities(...)
encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module)
return encode_entities(...)
end
local function get_L2_sort_key(...)
get_L2_sort_key = require(headword_page_module).get_L2_sort_key
return get_L2_sort_key(...)
end
local function get_script(...)
get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode
return get_script(...)
end
local function find_best_script_without_lang(...)
find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang
return find_best_script_without_lang(...)
end
local function get_family(...)
get_family = require(families_module).getByCode
return get_family(...)
end
local function get_plaintext(...)
get_plaintext = require(utilities_module).get_plaintext
return get_plaintext(...)
end
local function get_wikimedia_lang(...)
get_wikimedia_lang = require(wikimedia_languages_module).getByCode
return get_wikimedia_lang(...)
end
local function keys_to_list(...)
keys_to_list = require(table_module).keysToList
return keys_to_list(...)
end
local function list_to_set(...)
list_to_set = require(table_module).listToSet
return list_to_set(...)
end
local function load_data(...)
load_data = require(load_module).load_data
return load_data(...)
end
local function make_family_object(...)
make_family_object = require(families_module).makeObject
return make_family_object(...)
end
local function pattern_escape(...)
pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module)
return pattern_escape(...)
end
local function replacement_escape(...)
replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module)
return replacement_escape(...)
end
local function safe_require(...)
safe_require = require(load_module).safe_require
return safe_require(...)
end
local function shallow_copy(...)
shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy
return shallow_copy(...)
end
local function split(...)
split = require(string_utilities_module).split
return split(...)
end
local function to_json(...)
to_json = require(json_module).toJSON
return to_json(...)
end
local function u(...)
u = require(string_utilities_module).char
return u(...)
end
local function ugsub(...)
ugsub = require(string_utilities_module).gsub
return ugsub(...)
end
local function ulen(...)
ulen = require(string_utilities_module).len
return ulen(...)
end
local function ulower(...)
ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower
return ulower(...)
end
local function umatch(...)
umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match
return umatch(...)
end
local function uupper(...)
uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper
return uupper(...)
end
local function track(page)
debug_track("languages/" .. page)
return true
end
local function normalize_code(code)
return load_data(languages_data_module).aliases[code] or code
end
local function check_inputs(self, check, default, ...)
local n = select("#", ...)
if n == 0 then
return false
end
local ret = check(self, (...))
if ret ~= nil then
return ret
elseif n > 1 then
local inputs = {...}
for i = 2, n do
ret = check(self, inputs[i])
if ret ~= nil then
return ret
end
end
end
return default
end
local function make_link(self, target, display)
local prefix, main
if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then
prefix, main = display:match("^(the )(.*)")
if not prefix then
prefix, main = display:match("^(a )(.*)")
end
end
return (prefix or "") .. "[[" .. target .. "|" .. (main or display) .. "]]"
end
-- Convert risky characters to HTML entities, which minimizes interference once returned (e.g. for "sms:a", "<!-- -->" etc.).
local function escape_risky_characters(text)
-- l10n: 先把字詞轉換標記 -{ }- 藏起來,避免被實體化
text = text:gsub("%-%{", "\5"):gsub("%}%-", "\6")
-- Spacing characters in isolation generally need to be escaped in order to be properly processed by the MediaWiki
-- software.
if umatch(text, "^%s*$") then
return (encode_entities(text, text):gsub("\5", "-{"):gsub("\6", "}-"))
end
return (encode_entities(text, "!#%&*+/:;<=>?@[\\]_{|}"):gsub("\5", "-{"):gsub("\6", "}-"))
end
-- Temporarily convert various formatting characters to PUA to prevent them from being disrupted by the substitution process.
local function doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, noTrim)
-- Clone so that we don't insert any extra patterns into the table in package.loaded. For some reason, using require
-- seems to keep memory use down; probably because the table is always cloned.
local patterns = shallow_copy(require(languages_data_patterns_module))
if keepCarets then
insert(patterns, "((\\+)%^)")
insert(patterns, "((%^))")
end
-- Ensure any whitespace at the beginning and end is temp substituted, to prevent it from being accidentally
-- trimmed. We only want to trim any final spaces added during the substitution process (e.g. by a module), which
-- means we only do this during the first round of temp substitutions.
if not noTrim then
insert(patterns, "^([\128-\191\244]*(%s+))")
insert(patterns, "((%s+)[\128-\191\244]*)$")
end
-- Pre-substitution, of "[[" and "]]", which makes pattern matching more accurate.
text = gsub(text, "%f[%[]%[%[", "\1"):gsub("%f[%]]%]%]", "\2")
local i = #subbedChars
for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
-- Patterns ending in \0 stand are for things like "[[" or "]]"), so the inserted PUA are treated as breaks
-- between terms by modules that scrape info from pages.
local term_divider
pattern = gsub(pattern, "%z$", function(divider)
term_divider = divider == "\0"
return ""
end)
text = gsub(text, pattern, function(...)
local m = {...}
local m1New = m[1]
for k = 2, #m do
local n = i + k - 1
subbedChars[n] = m[k]
local byte2 = floor(n / 4096) % 64 + (term_divider and 128 or 136)
local byte3 = floor(n / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = n % 64 + 128
m1New = gsub(m1New, pattern_escape(m[k]), "\244" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4), 1)
end
i = i + #m - 1
return m1New
end)
end
text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text, subbedChars
end
-- Reinsert any formatting that was temporarily substituted.
local function undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
for i = 1, #subbedChars do
local byte2 = floor(i / 4096) % 64 + 128
local byte3 = floor(i / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = i % 64 + 128
text = gsub(text, "\244[" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte2+8) .. "]" .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4),
replacement_escape(subbedChars[i]))
end
text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text
end
-- Check if the raw text is an unsupported title, and if so return that. Otherwise, remove HTML entities. We do the
-- pre-conversion to avoid loading the unsupported title list unnecessarily.
local function checkNoEntities(text)
local textNoEnc = decode_entities(text)
if textNoEnc ~= text and load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles[text] then
return text
else
return textNoEnc
end
end
-- If no script object is provided (or if it's invalid or None), get one.
local function checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not check_object("script", true, sc) or sc:getCode() == "None" then
return self:findBestScript(text)
end
return sc
end
local function normalize(text, sc)
text = sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)
return sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
--[=[
Subfunction of iterateSectionSubstitutions(). Process an individual chunk of text according to the specifications in
`substitution_data`. The input parameters are all as in the documentation of iterateSectionSubstitutions() except for
`recursed`, which is set to true if we called ourselves recursively to process a script-specific setting or
script-wide fallback. Returns two values: the processed text and the actual substitution data used to do the
substitutions (same as the `actual_substitution_data` return value to iterateSectionSubstitutions()).
]=]
local function doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data, data_field, function_name, recursed)
-- BE CAREFUL in this function because the value at any level can be `false`, which causes no processing to be done
-- and blocks any further fallback processing.
local actual_substitution_data = substitution_data
-- If there are language-specific substitutes given in the data module, use those.
if type(substitution_data) == "table" then
-- If a script is specified, run this function with the script-specific data before continuing.
local sc_code = sc:getCode()
local has_substitution_data = false
if substitution_data[sc_code] ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data[sc_code] then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[sc_code], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Hant, Hans and Hani are usually treated the same, so add a special case to avoid having to specify each one
-- separately.
elseif sc_code:match("^Han") and substitution_data.Hani ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data.Hani then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data.Hani, data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Substitution data with key 1 in the outer table may be given as a fallback.
elseif substitution_data[1] ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data[1] then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[1], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
end
-- Iterate over all strings in the "from" subtable, and gsub with the corresponding string in "to". We work with
-- the NFD decomposed forms, as this simplifies many substitutions.
if substitution_data.from then
has_substitution_data = true
for i, from in ipairs(substitution_data.from) do
-- Normalize each loop, to ensure multi-stage substitutions work correctly.
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
text = ugsub(text, sc:toFixedNFD(from), substitution_data.to[i] or "")
end
end
if substitution_data.remove_diacritics then
has_substitution_data = true
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
-- Convert exceptions to PUA.
local remove_exceptions, substitutes = substitution_data.remove_exceptions
if remove_exceptions then
substitutes = {}
local i = 0
for _, exception in ipairs(remove_exceptions) do
exception = sc:toFixedNFD(exception)
text = ugsub(text, exception, function(m)
i = i + 1
local subst = u(0x80000 + i)
substitutes[subst] = m
return subst
end)
end
end
-- Strip diacritics.
text = ugsub(text, "[" .. substitution_data.remove_diacritics .. "]", "")
-- Convert exceptions back.
if remove_exceptions then
text = text:gsub("\242[\128-\191]*", substitutes)
end
end
if not has_substitution_data and sc._data[data_field] then
-- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.).
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
elseif type(substitution_data) == "string" then
-- If there is a dedicated function module, use that.
local module = safe_require("Module:" .. substitution_data)
if module then
-- TODO: translit functions should take objects, not codes.
-- TODO: translit functions should be called with form NFD.
if function_name == "tr" then
if not module[function_name] then
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'tr'"):format(substitution_data))
end
text = module[function_name](text, self._code, sc:getCode())
elseif function_name == "stripDiacritics" then
-- FIXME, get rid of this arm after renaming makeEntryName -> stripDiacritics.
if module[function_name] then
text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
elseif module.makeEntryName then
text = module.makeEntryName(sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
else
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'stripDiacritics' or 'makeEntryName'"
):format(substitution_data))
end
else
if not module[function_name] then
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named '%s'"):format(
substitution_data, function_name))
end
text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
end
else
error("Substitution data '" .. substitution_data .. "' does not match an existing module.")
end
elseif substitution_data == nil and sc._data[data_field] then
-- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.).
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Don't normalize to NFC if this is the inner loop or if a module returned nil.
if recursed or not text then
return text, actual_substitution_data
end
-- Fix any discouraged sequences created during the substitution process, and normalize into the final form.
return sc:toFixedNFC(sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)), actual_substitution_data
end
--[=[
Split the text into sections, based on the presence of temporarily substituted formatting characters, then iterate over
each section to apply substitutions (e.g. transliteration or diacritic stripping). This avoids putting PUA (Private Use
Area) characters through language-specific modules, which may be unequipped for them. This function is passed the
following values:
* `self` (the Language object);
* `text` (the text to process);
* `sc` (the script of the text, which must be specified; callers should call checkScript() as needed to autodetect the
script of the text if not given explicitly by the user);
* `subbedChars` (an array of the same length as the text, indicating which characters have been substituted and by
what, or {nil} if no substitutions are to happen);
* `keepCarets` (DOCUMENT ME);
* `substitution_data` (the data indicating which substitutions to apply, taken directly from `data_field` in the
language's data structure in a submodule of [[Module:languages/data]]);
* `data_field` (the field from which `substitution_data` was fetched, such as {"sort_key"} or {"strip_diacritics"});
* `function_name` (the name of the function to call to do the substitution, in case `substitution_data` specifies a
module to do the substitution);
* `notrim` (don't trim whitespace at the edges of `text`; set when computing the sort key, because whitespace at the
beginning of a sort key is significant and causes the resulting page to be sorted at the beginning of the category
it's in).
Return three values:
# the processed text;
# the value of `subbedChars` that was passed in, possibly modified with additional character substitutions; will be
{nil} if {nil} was passed in;
# the actual substitution data that was used to apply substitutions to `text`; this may be different from the value
of `substitution_data` passed in if that value recursively specified script-specific substitutions or if no
substitution data could be found in the language-specific data (e.g. {nil} was passed in or a structure was passed
in that had no setting for the script given in `sc`), but a script-wide fallback value was set; currently it is
only used by {makeSortKey()}.
]=]
local function iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, substitution_data, data_field,
function_name, notrim)
local sections
-- See [[Module:languages/data]].
if not find(text, "\244") or load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] == "cont" then
sections = {text}
else
sections = split(text, "\244[\128-\143][\128-\191]*", true)
end
local actual_substitution_data
for _, section in ipairs(sections) do
-- Don't bother processing empty strings or whitespace (which may also not be handled well by dedicated
-- modules).
if gsub(section, "%s+", "") ~= "" then
local sub, this_actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, section, sc, substitution_data, data_field,
function_name)
actual_substitution_data = this_actual_substitution_data
-- Second round of temporary substitutions, in case any formatting was added by the main substitution
-- process. However, don't do this if the section contains formatting already (as it would have had to have
-- been escaped to reach this stage, and therefore should be given as raw text).
if sub and subbedChars then
local noSub
for _, pattern in ipairs(require(languages_data_patterns_module)) do
if match(section, pattern .. "%z?") then
noSub = true
end
end
if not noSub then
sub, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(sub, subbedChars, keepCarets, true)
end
end
if not sub then
text = sub
break
end
text = sub and gsub(text, pattern_escape(section), replacement_escape(sub), 1) or text
end
end
if not notrim then
-- Trim, unless there are only spacing characters, while ignoring any final formatting characters.
-- Do not trim sort keys because spaces at the beginning are significant.
text = text and text:gsub("^([\128-\191\244]*)%s+(%S)", "%1%2"):gsub("(%S)%s+([\128-\191\244]*)$", "%1%2") or
nil
end
return text, subbedChars, actual_substitution_data
end
-- Process carets (and any escapes). Default to simple removal, if no pattern/replacement is given.
local function processCarets(text, pattern, repl)
local rep
repeat
text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*^)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
return (text:gsub("\\^", "\4")
:gsub(pattern or "%^", repl or "")
:gsub("\3", "\\")
:gsub("\4", "^"))
end
-- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped).
local function removeCarets(text, sc)
if not sc:hasCapitalization() and sc:isTransliterated() and text:find("^", 1, true) then
return processCarets(text)
else
return text
end
end
local Language = {}
--[==[
Return the language code of the language. Example: {fr"} for French.
]==]
function Language:getCode()
return self._code
end
--[==[
Return the canonical name of the language. This is the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary, and is
guaranteed to be unique to that language alone. Example: {"French"} for French.
]==]
function Language:getCanonicalName()
local name = self._name
if name == nil then
name = self._data[1]
self._name = name
end
return name
end
--[==[
Return the display form of the language. The display form of a language, family or script is the form it takes when
appearing as the <code><var>source</var></code> in categories such as <code>English terms derived from
<var>source</var></code> or <code>English given names from <var>source</var></code>, and is also the displayed text
in `##makeCategoryLink()` links. For full and etymology-only languages, this is the same as the canonical name, but
for families, it reads <code>"<var>name</var> languages"</code> (e.g. {"Indo-Iranian languages"}), and for scripts,
it reads <code>"<var>name</var> script"</code> (e.g. {"Arabic script"}).
]==]
function Language:getDisplayForm()
local form = self._displayForm
if form == nil then
form = self:getCanonicalName()
-- Add article and " substrate" to substrates that lack them.
if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then
if not (sub(form, 1, 4) == "the " or sub(form, 1, 2) == "a ") then
-- form = "a " .. form
end
if not match(form, " [Ss]ubstrate") then
-- form = form .. " substrate"
end
end
self._displayForm = form
end
return form
end
--[==[
Return the value which should be used in the HTML `lang=` attribute for tagged text in the language.
]==]
function Language:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region)
local code = self._code
if not find(code, "-", 1, true) then
return code .. "-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "")
end
local parent = self:getParent()
region = region or match(code, "%f[%u][%u-]+%f[%U]")
if parent then
return parent:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region)
end
-- TODO: ISO family codes can also be used.
return "mis-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "")
end
--[==[
Return a list of the aliases that the language is known by, excluding the canonical name. Aliases are synonyms for the
language in question. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes more than one language is known by
the same name. Example: { {"High German", "New High German", "Deutsch"}} for {{lnl|de}}.
]==]
function Language:getAliases()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getAliases(self)
end
--[==[
Return a list of the known subvarieties of a given language, excluding subvarieties that have been given explicit
etymology-only language codes. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes a given name refers to a
subvariety of more than one language. Example: { {"Southern Aymara", "Central Aymara"}} for {{lnl|ay}}. Note that the
returned value can have nested tables in it, when a subvariety goes by more than one name. Example:
{ {"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", {"Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar"}, {"Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay"}, "Sonqor"}}
for {{lnl|az}}. Here, for example, Afshar, Afshari, Afshar Azerbaijani and Afchar all refer to the same subvariety,
whose preferred name is Afshar (the one listed first). To avoid a return value with nested tables in it, specify a
non-{nil} value for the `flatten` parameter; in that case, the return value would be
{ {"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", "Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar", "Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay", "Sonqor"}}.
]==]
function Language:getVarieties(flatten)
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getVarieties(self, flatten)
end
--[==[
Return a table of the "other names" that the language is known by, which are listed in the `other_names` field in the
language's extra-data module. It should be noted that the `other_names` field itself is deprecated, and entries listed
there should eventually be moved to either `aliases` or `varieties`, or removed if they refer to larger entities which
the language in question is actually a part of.
]==]
function Language:getOtherNames() -- To be eventually removed, once there are no more uses of the `other_names` field.
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getOtherNames(self)
end
--[==[
Return a combined table of the canonical name, aliases, varieties and other names of a given language.
]==]
function Language:getAllNames()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getAllNames(self)
end
--[==[
Return a table of types as a set (with the types as keys). The possible types are
* {language}: This is a language, either full or etymology-only.
* {full}: This is a "full" (not etymology-only) language, i.e. the union of {regular}, {reconstructed} and
{appendix-constructed}. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to
check specifically for a full language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use
{hasType("language", "full")} and not simply {hasType("full")}.
* {etymology-only}: This is an etymology-only (not full) language, whose parent is another etymology-only language or a
full language. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to check
specifically for an etymology-only language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use
{hasType("language", "etymology-only")} and not simply {hasType("etymology-only")}.
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the main
namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the {Reconstruction}
namespace and must be prefixed with `*` to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages are natural
(not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük, among others) are also
allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with `*`. Languages
such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category. '''Exception:''' Reconstructed languages can
have entries in the mainspace using the ''anti-asterisk'' feature. This requires that both the headword for the
mainspace term (as specified using {{para|head}}) and links to the term are prefixed with the anti-asterisk
indicator `!!`.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in the Appendix namespace,
but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have * prefixed in links.
]==]
function Language:getTypes()
local types = self._types
if types == nil then
types = {language = true}
if self:getFullCode() == self._code then
types.full = true
else
types["etymology-only"] = true
end
for t in gmatch(self._data.type, "[^,]+") do
types[t] = true
end
self._types = types
end
return types
end
--[==[
Given a list of types as strings, return {true} if the language has all of them.
]==]
function Language:hasType(...)
Language.hasType = require(language_like_module).hasType
return self:hasType(...)
end
--[==[
Return a list containing `WikimediaLanguage` objects (see [[Module:wikimedia languages]]), which represent languages
and their codes as they are used in Wikimedia projects for interwiki linking and such. More than one object may be
returned, as a single Wiktionary language may correspond to multiple Wikimedia languages. For example, Wiktionary's
single code `sh` (Serbo-Croatian) maps to four Wikimedia codes: `sh` (Serbo-Croatian), `bs` (Bosnian), `hr` (Croatian)
and `sr` (Serbian). The code for the Wikimedia language is retrieved from the `wikimedia_codes` property in the data
modules. If that property is not present, the code of the current language is used. If none of the available codes is
actually a valid Wikimedia code, an empty list is returned.
]==]
function Language:getWikimediaLanguages()
local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageObjects
if wm_langs == nil then
local codes = self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
wm_langs = {}
for i = 1, #codes do
wm_langs[i] = get_wikimedia_lang(codes[i])
end
self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = wm_langs
end
return wm_langs
end
function Language:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageCodes
if wm_langs == nil then
wm_langs = self._data.wikimedia_codes
if wm_langs then
wm_langs = split(wm_langs, ",", true, true)
else
local code = self._code
if is_known_language_tag(code) then
wm_langs = {code}
else
-- Inherit, but only if no codes are specified in the data *and*
-- the language code isn't a valid Wikimedia language code.
local parent = self:getParent()
wm_langs = parent and parent:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() or {}
end
end
self._wikimediaLanguageCodes = wm_langs
end
return wm_langs
end
--[==[
Return the name of the Wikipedia article for the language. `project` specifies the language and project to retrieve
the article from, defaulting to {"enwiki"} for the English Wikipedia. Normally if specified it should be the project
code for a specific-language Wikipedia e.g. "zhwiki" for the Chinese Wikipedia, but it can be any project, including
non-Wikipedia ones. If the project is the English Wikipedia and the property {wikipedia_article} is present in the data
module it will be used first. In all other cases, a sitelink will be generated from {:getWikidataItem} (if set). The
resulting value (or lack of value) is cached so that subsequent calls are fast. If no value could be determined, and
`noCategoryFallback` is {false}, `##Language:getCategoryName` is used as fallback; otherwise, {nil} is returned. Note
that if `noCategoryFallback` is {nil} or omitted, it defaults to {false} if the project is the English Wikipedia,
otherwise to {true}. In other words, under normal circumstances, if the English Wikipedia article couldn't be retrieved,
the return value will fall back to a link to the language's category, but this won't normally happen for any other
project.
]==]
function Language:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
Language.getWikipediaArticle = require(language_like_module).getWikipediaArticle
return self:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
end
function Language:makeWikipediaLink()
return make_link(self, "w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle(), self:getCanonicalName())
end
--[==[
Return the name of the Wikimedia Commons category page for the language.
]==]
function Language:getCommonsCategory()
Language.getCommonsCategory = require(language_like_module).getCommonsCategory
return self:getCommonsCategory()
end
--[==[
Return the Wikidata item ID for the language or {nil}. This corresponds to the the second field in the data modules.
]==]
function Language:getWikidataItem()
Language.getWikidataItem = require(language_like_module).getWikidataItem
return self:getWikidataItem()
end
--[==[
Return a list of `Script` objects for all scripts that the language is written in. See [[Module:scripts]].
]==]
function Language:getScripts()
local scripts = self._scriptObjects
if scripts == nil then
local codes = self:getScriptCodes()
if codes[1] == "All" then
scripts = load_data(scripts_data_module)
else
scripts = {}
for i = 1, #codes do
scripts[i] = get_script(codes[i])
end
end
self._scriptObjects = scripts
end
return scripts
end
--[==[
Return the list of script codes in the language's data file.
]==]
function Language:getScriptCodes()
local scripts = self._scriptCodes
if scripts == nil then
scripts = self._data[4]
if scripts then
local codes, n = {}, 0
for code in gmatch(scripts, "[^,]+") do
n = n + 1
-- Special handling of "Hants", which represents "Hani", "Hant" and "Hans" collectively.
if code == "Hants" then
codes[n] = "Hani"
codes[n + 1] = "Hant"
codes[n + 2] = "Hans"
n = n + 2
else
codes[n] = code
end
end
scripts = codes
else
scripts = {"None"}
end
self._scriptCodes = scripts
end
return scripts
end
--[==[
Given some text, iterate through the scripts of a given language trying to find the script that best matches the text.
Return a {Script} object representing the script. If no match is found at all, it returns the {None} script object.
]==]
function Language:findBestScript(text, forceDetect)
if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then
return get_script("None")
end
-- Differs from table returned by getScriptCodes, as Hants is not normalized into its constituents.
local codes = self._bestScriptCodes
if codes == nil then
codes = self._data[4]
codes = codes and split(codes, ",", true, true) or {"None"}
self._bestScriptCodes = codes
end
local first_sc = codes[1]
if first_sc == "All" then
return find_best_script_without_lang(text)
end
local codes_len = #codes
if not (forceDetect or first_sc == "Hants" or codes_len > 1) then
first_sc = get_script(first_sc)
local charset = first_sc.characters
return charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") and first_sc or get_script("None")
end
-- Remove all formatting characters.
text = get_plaintext(text)
-- Remove all spaces and any ASCII punctuation. Some non-ASCII punctuation is script-specific, so can't be removed.
text = ugsub(text, "[%s!\"#%%&'()*,%-./:;?@[\\%]_{}]+", "")
if #text == 0 then
return get_script("None")
end
-- Try to match every script against the text,
-- and return the one with the most matching characters.
local bestcount, bestscript, length = 0
for i = 1, codes_len do
local sc = codes[i]
-- Special case for "Hants", which is a special code that represents whichever of "Hant" or "Hans" best matches,
-- or "Hani" if they match equally. This avoids having to list all three. In addition, "Hants" will be treated
-- as the best match if there is at least one matching character, under the assumption that a Han script is
-- desirable in terms that contain a mix of Han and other scripts (not counting those which use Jpan or Kore).
if sc == "Hants" then
local Hani = get_script("Hani")
if not Hant_chars then
Hant_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/ts")
Hans_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/st")
end
local t, s, found = 0, 0
-- This is faster than using mw.ustring.gmatch directly.
for ch in gmatch((ugsub(text, "[" .. Hani.characters .. "]", "\255%0")), "\255(.[\128-\191]*)") do
found = true
if Hant_chars[ch] then
t = t + 1
if Hans_chars[ch] then
s = s + 1
end
elseif Hans_chars[ch] then
s = s + 1
else
t, s = t + 1, s + 1
end
end
if found then
if t == s then
return Hani
end
return get_script(t > s and "Hant" or "Hans")
end
else
sc = get_script(sc)
if not length then
length = ulen(text)
end
-- Count characters by removing everything in the script's charset and comparing to the original length.
local charset = sc.characters
local count = charset and length - ulen((ugsub(text, "[" .. charset .. "]+", ""))) or 0
if count >= length then
return sc
elseif count > bestcount then
bestcount = count
bestscript = sc
end
end
end
-- Return best matching script, or otherwise None.
return bestscript or get_script("None")
end
--[==[
Return a `Family` object for the language family that the language belongs to. See [[Module:families]].
]==]
function Language:getFamily()
local family = self._familyObject
if family == nil then
family = self:getFamilyCode()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = family and get_family(family) or false
self._familyObject = family
end
return family or nil
end
--[==[
Return the family code in the language's data file.
]==]
function Language:getFamilyCode()
local family = self._familyCode
if family == nil then
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = self._data[3] or false
self._familyCode = family
end
return family or nil
end
function Language:getFamilyName()
local family = self._familyName
if family == nil then
family = self:getFamily()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = family and family:getCanonicalName() or false
self._familyName = family
end
return family or nil
end
do
local function check_family(self, family)
if type(family) == "table" then
family = family:getCode()
end
if self:getFamilyCode() == family then
return true
end
local self_family = self:getFamily()
if self_family:inFamily(family) then
return true
-- If the family isn't a real family (e.g. creoles) check any ancestors.
elseif self_family:inFamily("qfa-not") then
local ancestors = self:getAncestors()
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
if ancestor:inFamily(family) then
return true
end
end
end
end
--[==[
Check whether the language belongs to `family` (which can be a family code or object). A list of objects can be given in
place of `family`; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families. Note that some
languages (in particular, certain creoles) can have multiple immediate ancestors potentially belonging to different
families; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families.
]==]
function Language:inFamily(...)
if self:getFamilyCode() == nil then
return false
end
return check_inputs(self, check_family, false, ...)
end
end
function Language:getParent()
local parent = self._parentObject
if parent == nil then
parent = self:getParentCode()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = parent and get_by_code(parent, nil, true, true) or false
self._parentObject = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentCode()
local parent = self._parentCode
if parent == nil then
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = self._data.parent or false
self._parentCode = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentName()
local parent = self._parentName
if parent == nil then
parent = self:getParent()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = parent and parent:getCanonicalName() or false
self._parentName = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentChain()
local chain = self._parentChain
if chain == nil then
chain = {}
local parent, n = self:getParent(), 0
while parent do
n = n + 1
chain[n] = parent
parent = parent:getParent()
end
self._parentChain = chain
end
return chain
end
--[==[
Return a list of the pseudo-families (if any) that a language belongs to. The returned value is a list of Family
objects. Pseudo-families are groupings of languages that are not clades but share some geographic, ethnic or other
characteristic (e.g. [[:Category:Papuan languages]], [[:Category:Jewish languages]]).
]==]
function Language:getPseudoFamilies()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getPseudoFamilies(self)
end
do
local function check_lang(self, lang)
for _, parent in ipairs(self:getParentChain()) do
if (type(lang) == "string" and lang or lang:getCode()) == parent:getCode() then
return true
end
end
end
function Language:hasParent(...)
return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...)
end
end
--[==[
If the language is etymology-only, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and the
corresponding object is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language.
]==]
function Language:getFull()
local full = self._fullObject
if full == nil then
full = self:getFullCode()
full = full == self._code and self or get_by_code(full)
self._fullObject = full
end
return full
end
--[==[
If the language is an etymology-only language, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and
the corresponding code is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language's code.
]==]
function Language:getFullCode()
return self._fullCode or self._code
end
--[==[
If the language is an etymology-only language, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and the
corresponding canonical name is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language's canonical name.
]==]
function Language:getFullName()
local full = self._fullName
if full == nil then
full = self:getFull():getCanonicalName()
self._fullName = full
end
return full
end
--[==[
Return a list of {Language} objects for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is
only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.
]==]
function Language:getAncestors()
local ancestors = self._ancestorObjects
if ancestors == nil then
ancestors = {}
local ancestor_codes = self:getAncestorCodes()
if #ancestor_codes > 0 then
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestor_codes) do
insert(ancestors, get_by_code(ancestor, nil, true))
end
else
local fam = self:getFamily()
local protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
-- For the cases where the current language is the proto-language
-- of its family, or an etymology-only language that is ancestral to that
-- proto-language, we need to step up a level higher right from the
-- start.
if protoLang and (
protoLang:getCode() == self._code or
(self:hasType("etymology-only") and protoLang:hasAncestor(self))
) then
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
while not protoLang and not (not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not") do
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
insert(ancestors, protoLang)
end
self._ancestorObjects = ancestors
end
return ancestors
end
do
-- Avoid a language being its own ancestor via class inheritance. We only need to check for this if the language has
-- inherited an ancestor table from its parent, because we never want to drop ancestors that have been explicitly
-- set in the data. Recursively iterate over ancestors until we either find self or run out. If self is found,
-- return true.
local function check_ancestor(self, lang)
local codes = lang:getAncestorCodes()
if not codes then
return nil
end
for i = 1, #codes do
local code = codes[i]
if code == self._code then
return true
end
local anc = get_by_code(code, nil, true)
if check_ancestor(self, anc) then
return true
end
end
end
--[==[
Return a list of `Language` codes for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is
only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.
]==]
function Language:getAncestorCodes()
if self._ancestorCodes then
return self._ancestorCodes
end
local data = self._data
local codes = data.ancestors
if codes == nil then
codes = {}
self._ancestorCodes = codes
return codes
end
codes = split(codes, ",", true, true)
self._ancestorCodes = codes
-- If there are no codes or the ancestors weren't inherited data, there's nothing left to check.
if #codes == 0 or self:getData(false, "raw").ancestors ~= nil then
return codes
end
local i = 1
while i <= #codes do
if check_ancestor(self, self) then
remove(codes, i)
else
i = i + 1
end
end
return codes
end
end
--[==[
Given a list of language objects or codes, return true if at least one of them is an ancestor. This includes any
etymology-only children of that ancestor. If the language's ancestor(s) are etymology-only languages, it will also
return true for those language parent(s) (e.g. if Vulgar Latin is the ancestor, it will also return true for its parent,
Latin). However, a parent is excluded from this if the ancestor is also ancestral to that parent (e.g. if Classical
Persian is the ancestor, Persian would return {false}, because Classical Persian is also ancestral to Persian).
]==]
function Language:hasAncestor(...)
local function iterateOverAncestorTree(node, func, parent_check)
local ancestors = node:getAncestors()
local ancestorsParents = {}
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
-- When checking the parents of the other language, and the ancestor is also a parent, skip to the next
-- ancestor, so that we exclude any etymology-only children of that parent that are not directly related
-- (see below).
local ret = (parent_check or not node:hasParent(ancestor)) and
func(ancestor) or iterateOverAncestorTree(ancestor, func, parent_check)
if ret then
return ret
end
end
-- Check the parents of any ancestors. We don't do this if checking the parents of the other language, so that
-- we exclude any etymology-only children of those parents that are not directly related (e.g. if the ancestor
-- is Vulgar Latin and we are checking New Latin, we want it to return false because they are on different
-- ancestral branches. As such, if we're already checking the parent of New Latin (Latin) we don't want to
-- compare it to the parent of the ancestor (Latin), as this would be a false positive; it should be one or the
-- other).
if not parent_check then
return nil
end
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
local ancestorParents = ancestor:getParentChain()
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorParents) do
if ancestorParent:getCode() == self._code or ancestorParent:hasAncestor(ancestor) then
break
else
insert(ancestorsParents, ancestorParent)
end
end
end
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorsParents) do
local ret = func(ancestorParent)
if ret then
return ret
end
end
end
local function do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
-- otherlang can't be self
if (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode()) == self._code then
return false
end
repeat
if iterateOverAncestorTree(
self,
function(ancestor)
return ancestor:getCode() == (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode())
end,
parent_check
) then
return true
elseif type(otherlang) == "string" then
otherlang = get_by_code(otherlang, nil, true)
end
otherlang = otherlang:getParent()
parent_check = false
until not otherlang
end
local parent_check = true
for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do
local ret = do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
if ret then
return true
end
end
return false
end
do
local function construct_node(lang, memo)
local branch, ancestors = {lang = lang:getCode()}
memo[lang:getCode()] = branch
for _, ancestor in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do
if ancestors == nil then
ancestors = {}
end
insert(ancestors, memo[ancestor:getCode()] or construct_node(ancestor, memo))
end
branch.ancestors = ancestors
return branch
end
function Language:getAncestorChain()
local chain = self._ancestorChain
if chain == nil then
chain = construct_node(self, {})
self._ancestorChain = chain
end
return chain
end
end
function Language:getAncestorChainOld()
local chain = self._ancestorChain
if chain == nil then
chain = {}
local step = self
while true do
local ancestors = step:getAncestors()
step = #ancestors == 1 and ancestors[1] or nil
if not step then
break
end
insert(chain, step)
end
self._ancestorChain = chain
end
return chain
end
local function fetch_descendants(self, fmt)
local descendants, family = {}, self:getFamily()
-- Iterate over all three datasets.
for _, data in ipairs{
require("Module:languages/code to canonical name"),
require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name"),
require("Module:families/code to canonical name"),
} do
for code in pairs(data) do
local lang = get_by_code(code, nil, true, true)
if not lang then
error(("Internal error: code '%s' can't be fetched"):format(code))
end
-- Test for a descendant. Earlier tests weed out most candidates, while the more intensive tests are only used sparingly.
if (
code ~= self._code and -- Not self.
lang:inFamily(family) and -- In the same family.
(
family:getProtoLanguageCode() == self._code or -- Self is the protolanguage.
self:hasDescendant(lang) or -- Full hasDescendant check.
(lang:getFullCode() == self._code and not self:hasAncestor(lang)) -- Etymology-only child which isn't an ancestor.
)
) then
if fmt == "object" then
insert(descendants, lang)
elseif fmt == "code" then
insert(descendants, code)
elseif fmt == "name" then
insert(descendants, lang:getCanonicalName())
end
end
end
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendants()
local descendants = self._descendantObjects
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "object")
self._descendantObjects = descendants
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendantCodes()
local descendants = self._descendantCodes
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "code")
self._descendantCodes = descendants
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendantNames()
local descendants = self._descendantNames
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "name")
self._descendantNames = descendants
end
return descendants
end
do
local function check_lang(self, lang)
if type(lang) == "string" then
lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true)
end
if lang:hasAncestor(self) then
return true
end
end
function Language:hasDescendant(...)
return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...)
end
end
local function fetch_children(self, fmt)
local m_etym_data = require(etymology_languages_data_module)
local self_code, children = self._code, {}
for code, lang in pairs(m_etym_data) do
local _lang = lang
repeat
local parent = _lang.parent
if parent == self_code then
if fmt == "object" then
insert(children, get_by_code(code, nil, true))
elseif fmt == "code" then
insert(children, code)
elseif fmt == "name" then
insert(children, lang[1])
end
break
end
_lang = m_etym_data[parent]
until not _lang
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildren()
local children = self._childObjects
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "object")
self._childObjects = children
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildrenCodes()
local children = self._childCodes
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "code")
self._childCodes = children
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildrenNames()
local children = self._childNames
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "name")
self._childNames = children
end
return children
end
function Language:hasChild(...)
local lang = ...
if not lang then
return false
elseif type(lang) == "string" then
lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true)
end
if lang:hasParent(self) then
return true
end
return self:hasChild(select(2, ...))
end
--[==[
Return the name of the main category of that language. Example: {French language"} for French, whose category is at
[[:Category:French language]]. Unless optional argument `nocap` is given, the language name at the beginning of the
returned value will be capitalized. This capitalization is correct for category names, but not if the language name is
lowercase and the returned value of this function is used in the middle of a sentence.
]==]
function Language:getCategoryName(nocap)
local name = self._categoryName
if name == nil then
-- l10n: 分類名就是語言名,不加「 language」
name = self:getCanonicalName()
self._categoryName = name
end
if nocap then
return name
end
return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(name)
end
--[==[
Create a link to the category; the link text is the canonical name.
]==]
function Language:makeCategoryLink()
return make_link(self, ":Category:" .. self:getCategoryName(), self:getDisplayForm())
end
function Language:getStandardCharacters(sc)
local standard_chars = self._data.standard_chars
if type(standard_chars) ~= "table" then
return standard_chars
elseif sc and type(sc) ~= "string" then
check_object("script", nil, sc)
sc = sc:getCode()
end
if (not sc) or sc == "None" then
local scripts = {}
for _, script in pairs(standard_chars) do
insert(scripts, script)
end
return concat(scripts)
end
if standard_chars[sc] then
return standard_chars[sc] .. (standard_chars[1] or "")
end
end
--[==[
Strip diacritics from display text `text` (in a language-specific fashion), which is in the script `sc`. If `sc` is
omitted or {nil}, the script is autodetected. This also strips certain punctuation characters from the end and (in the
case of Spanish upside-down question mark and exclamation points) from the beginning; strips any whitespace at the
end of the text or between the text and final stripped punctuation characters; and applies some language-specific
Unicode normalizations to replace discouraged characters with their prescribed alternatives. Return the stripped text.
]==]
function Language:stripDiacritics(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
-- FIXME, rename makeEntryName to stripDiacritics and get rid of second and third return values
-- everywhere
local _
text, _, _ = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil,
self._data.strip_diacritics or self._data.entry_name, "strip_diacritics", "stripDiacritics")
text = umatch(text, "^[¿¡]?(.-[^%s%p].-)%s*[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟?!︖︕।॥။၊་།]?$") or text
return text
end
--[==[
Convert a ''logical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears to the user, after diacritics and punctuation have been
stripped) to a ''physical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears in the MediaWiki database). Reasons for a difference
between the two are (a) unsupported titles such as `[ ]` (with square brackets in them), `#` (pound/hash sign) and
`¯\_(ツ)_/¯` (with underscores), as well as overly long titles of various sorts; (b) "mammoth" pages that are split into
parts (e.g. `a`, which is split into physical pagenames `a/languages A to L` and `a/languages M to Z`). For almost all
purposes, you should work with logical and not physical pagenames. But there are certain use cases that require physical
pagenames, such as checking the existence of a page or retrieving a page's contents.
`pagename` is the logical pagename to be converted. `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` indicates whether the page is in the
`Reconstruction` or `Appendix` namespaces. If it is omitted or has the value {nil}, the pagename is checked for an
initial asterisk, and if found, the page is assumed to be a `Reconstruction` page. Setting a value of `false` or `true`
to `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` disables this check and allows for mainspace pagenames that begin with an asterisk.
]==]
function Language:logicalToPhysical(pagename, is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
-- FIXME: This probably shouldn't happen but it happens when makeEntryName() receives nil.
if pagename == nil then
track("nil-passed-to-logicalToPhysical")
return nil
end
local initial_asterisk
if is_reconstructed_or_appendix == nil then
local pagename_minus_initial_asterisk
initial_asterisk, pagename_minus_initial_asterisk = pagename:match("^(%*)(.*)$")
if pagename_minus_initial_asterisk then
is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true
pagename = pagename_minus_initial_asterisk
elseif self:hasType("appendix-constructed") then
is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true
end
end
if not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then
-- Check if the pagename is a listed unsupported title.
local unsupportedTitles = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles
if unsupportedTitles[pagename] then
return "不支援的頁面名稱/" .. unsupportedTitles[pagename]
end
end
-- Set `unsupported` as true if certain conditions are met.
local unsupported
-- Check if there's an unsupported character. \239\191\189 is the replacement character U+FFFD, which can't be typed
-- directly here due to an abuse filter. Unix-style dot-slash notation is also unsupported, as it is used for
-- relative paths in links, as are 3 or more consecutive tildes. Note: match is faster with magic
-- characters/charsets; find is faster with plaintext.
if (
match(pagename, "[#<>%[%]_{|}]") or
find(pagename, "\239\191\189") or
match(pagename, "%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]") or
find(pagename, "~~~")
) then
unsupported = true
-- If it looks like an interwiki link.
elseif find(pagename, ":") then
local prefix = gsub(pagename, "^:*(.-):.*", ulower)
if (
load_data("Module:data/namespaces")[prefix] or
load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix]
) then
unsupported = true
end
end
-- Escape unsupported characters so they can be used in titles. ` is used as a delimiter for this, so a raw use of
-- it in an unsupported title is also escaped here to prevent interference; this is only done with unsupported
-- titles, though, so inclusion won't in itself mean a title is treated as unsupported (which is why it's excluded
-- from the earlier test).
if unsupported then
-- FIXME: This conversion needs to be different for reconstructed pages with unsupported characters. There
-- aren't any currently, but if there ever are, we need to fix this e.g. to put them in something like
-- Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Unsupported titles/`lowbar``num`.
local unsupported_characters = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_characters
pagename = pagename:gsub("[#<>%[%]_`{|}\239]\191?\189?", unsupported_characters)
:gsub("%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]", function(m)
return (gsub(m, "%.", "`period`"))
end)
:gsub("~~~+", function(m)
return (gsub(m, "~", "`tilde`"))
end)
pagename = "不支援的頁面名稱/" .. pagename
elseif not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then
-- Check if this is a mammoth page. If so, which subpage should we link to?
local m_links_data = load_data(links_data_module)
local mammoth_page_type = m_links_data.mammoth_pages[pagename]
if mammoth_page_type then
local canonical_name = self:getFullName()
if canonical_name ~= "Translingual" and canonical_name ~= "English" then
local this_subpage
local L2_sort_key = get_L2_sort_key(canonical_name)
for _, subpage_spec in ipairs(m_links_data.mammoth_page_subpage_types[mammoth_page_type]) do
-- unpack() fails utterly on data loaded using mw.loadData() even if offsets are given
local subpage, pattern = subpage_spec[1], subpage_spec[2]
if pattern == true or L2_sort_key:match(pattern) then
this_subpage = subpage
break
end
end
if not this_subpage then
error(("Internal error: Bad data in mammoth_page_subpage_pages in [[Module:links/data]] for mammoth page %s, type %s; last entry didn't have 'true' in it"):format(
pagename, mammoth_page_type))
end
pagename = pagename .. "/" .. this_subpage
end
end
end
return (initial_asterisk or "") .. pagename
end
--[==[
Strip the diacritics from a display pagename and convert the resulting logical pagename into a physical pagename.
This allows you, for example, to retrieve the contents of the page or check its existence. WARNING: This is deprecated
and will be going away. It is a simple composition of `##Language:stripDiacritics` and `##Language:logicalToPhysical`;
most callers only want the former, and if you need both, call them both yourself.
`text` and `sc` are as in `##Language:stripDiacritics`, and `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` is as in
`##Language:logicalToPhysical`.
]==]
function Language:makeEntryName(text, sc, is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
track("makeEntryName called")
return self:logicalToPhysical(self:stripDiacritics(text, sc), is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
end
--[==[
Generate term alternants (e.g. simplified versions of traditional Chinese terms) using a language-specific method, and
return them as a table. If the language provides no method for generating alternants, return a table containing only the
input term.
]==]
function Language:generateAlternants(text, sc)
local generate_alternants = self._data.generate_alternants
if generate_alternants == nil then
return {text}
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
return require("Module:" .. generate_alternants).generateAlternants(text, self, sc)
end
-- Transitional alias; removed as soon as [[Module:links]] calls generateAlternants().
Language.generateForms = Language.generateAlternants
--[==[
Create a sort key for the given stripped text, following the rules appropriate for the language. This removes
diacritical marks from the stripped text if they are not considered significant for sorting, and may perform some other
changes. Any initial hyphen is also removed, and anything in parentheses is removed as well. The `sort_key` setting for
each language in the data modules defines the replacements made by this function, or it gives the name of the module
that takes the stripped text and returns a sortkey.
]==]
function Language:makeSortKey(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text
end
if match(text, "<[^<>]+>") then
track("track HTML tag")
end
-- Remove directionality/control characters, bold, italics, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags.
-- FIXME: Partly duplicated with remove_formatting() in [[Module:links]].
text = ugsub(text, "[\194\173\216\156\226\128\142\226\128\143\226\128\170-\226\128\174\226\129\166-\226\129\175]", "")
text = text:gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2"):gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2")
text = gsub(unstrip(text), "<[^<>]+>", "")
text = decode_uri(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
-- Remove initial hyphens and * unless the term only consists of spacing + punctuation characters.
text = ugsub(text, "^([-]*)[-־ـ᠊*]+([-]*)(.*[^%s%p].*)", "%1%2%3")
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- For languages with dotted dotless i, ensure that "İ" is sorted as "i", and "I" is sorted as "ı".
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() then
text = gsub(text, "I\204\135", "i") -- decomposed "İ"
:gsub("I", "ı")
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
-- Convert to lowercase, make the sortkey, then convert to uppercase. Where the language has dotted dotless i, it is
-- usually not necessary to convert "i" to "İ" and "ı" to "I" first, because "I" will always be interpreted as
-- conventional "I" (not dotless "İ") by any sorting algorithms, which will have been taken into account by the
-- sortkey substitutions themselves. However, if no sortkey substitutions have been specified, then conversion is
-- necessary so as to prevent "i" and "ı" both being sorted as "I".
--
-- An exception is made for scripts that (sometimes) sort by scraping page content, as that means they are sensitive
-- to changes in capitalization (as it changes the target page).
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
text = ulower(text)
end
local actual_substitution_data, _
-- Don't trim whitespace here because it's significant at the beginning of a sort key or sort base.
text, _, actual_substitution_data = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil,
self._data.sort_key, "sort_key", "makeSortKey", "notrim")
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() and not actual_substitution_data then
text = text:gsub("ı", "I"):gsub("i", "İ")
text = sc:toFixedNFC(text)
end
text = uupper(text)
end
-- Remove parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something.
text = gsub(text, "(.)[()]+", "%1"):gsub("[()]+(.)", "%1")
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return text
end
--[==[
Create the form used as as a basis for display text and transliteration. FIXME: Rename to correctInputText().
]==]
local function processDisplayText(text, self, sc, keepCarets, keepPrefixes)
local subbedChars = {}
text, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets)
text = decode_uri(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, self._data.display_text,
"display_text", "makeDisplayText")
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- Remove any interwiki link prefixes (unless they have been escaped or this has been disabled).
if find(text, ":") and not keepPrefixes then
local rep
repeat
text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*:)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
text = gsub(text, "\\:", "\4")
while true do
local prefix = gsub(text, "^(.-):.+", function(m1)
return (gsub(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*", ""))
end)
-- Check if the prefix is an interwiki, though ignore capitalised Wiktionary:, which is a namespace.
if not prefix or prefix == text or prefix == "Wiktionary"
or not (load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[ulower(prefix)] or prefix == "") then
break
end
text = gsub(text, "^(.-):(.*)", function(m1, m2)
local ret = {}
for subbedChar in gmatch(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*") do
insert(ret, subbedChar)
end
return concat(ret) .. m2
end)
end
text = gsub(text, "\3", "\\"):gsub("\4", ":")
end
return text, subbedChars
end
--[==[
Make the display text (i.e. what is displayed on the page).
]==]
function Language:makeDisplayText(text, sc, keepPrefixes)
if not text or text == "" then
return text
end
local subbedChars
text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, nil, keepPrefixes)
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
end
--[==[
Transliterate the text from the given script into Latin script (see [[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization]]).
The language must have the `translit` property for this to work; if it is not present, {nil} is returned.
The `sc` parameter is handled by the transliteration module, and how it is handled is specific to that module. Some
transliteration modules may tolerate {nil} as the script, others require it to be one of the possible scripts that the
module can transliterate, and will throw an error if it's not one of them. For this reason, the `sc` parameter should
always be provided when writing non-language-specific code.
The `module_override` parameter is used to override the default module that is used to provide the transliteration.
This is useful in cases where you need to demonstrate a particular module in use, but there is no default module yet,
or you want to demonstrate an alternative version of a transliteration module before making it official. It should not
be used in real modules or templates, only for testing. All uses of this parameter are tracked by
[[Wiktionary:Tracking/languages/module_override]].
'''Known bugs''':
* This function assumes {tr(s1) .. tr(s2) == tr(s1 .. s2)}. When this assertion fails, wikitext markups like
<nowiki>'''</nowiki> can cause wrong transliterations.
* HTML entities like `&apos;`, often used to escape wikitext markups, do not work.
]==]
function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override)
-- If there is no text, or the language doesn't have transliteration data and there's no override, return nil.
if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then
return text
end
-- If the script is not transliteratable (and no override is given), return nil.
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not (sc:isTransliterated() or module_override) then
-- temporary tracking to see if/when this gets triggered
track("non-transliterable")
track("non-transliterable/" .. self._code)
track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode())
track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode() .. "/" .. self._code)
return nil
end
-- Remove any strip markers.
text = unstrip(text)
-- Do not process the formatting into PUA characters for certain languages.
local processed = load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] ~= "none"
-- Get the display text with the keepCarets flag set.
local subbedChars
if processed then
text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, true)
end
-- Transliterate (using the module override if applicable).
text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, true, module_override or
self._data.translit, "translit", "tr")
if not text then
return nil
end
-- Incomplete transliterations return nil.
local charset = sc.characters
if charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") then
-- Remove any characters in Latin, which includes Latin characters also included in other scripts (as these are
-- false positives), as well as any PUA substitutions. Anything remaining should only be script code "None"
-- (e.g. numerals).
local check_text = ugsub(text, "[" .. get_script("Latn").characters .. "-]+", "")
-- Set none_is_last_resort_only flag, so that any non-None chars will cause a script other than "None" to be
-- returned.
if find_best_script_without_lang(check_text, true):getCode() ~= "None" then
return nil
end
end
if processed then
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
text = undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
end
-- If the script does not use capitalization, then capitalize any letters of the transliteration which are
-- immediately preceded by a caret (and remove the caret).
if text and not sc:hasCapitalization() and text:find("^", 1, true) then
text = processCarets(text, "%^([\128-\191\244]*%*?)([^\128-\191\244][\128-\191]*)", function(m1, m2)
return m1 .. uupper(m2)
end)
end
-- Track module overrides.
if module_override ~= nil then
track("module_override")
end
return text
end
do
local function handle_language_spec(self, spec, sc)
local ret = self["_" .. spec]
if ret == nil then
ret = self._data[spec]
if type(ret) == "string" then
ret = list_to_set(split(ret, ",", true, true))
end
self["_" .. spec] = ret
end
if type(ret) == "table" then
ret = ret[sc:getCode()]
end
return not not ret
end
function Language:overrideManualTranslit(sc)
return handle_language_spec(self, "override_translit", sc)
end
function Language:link_tr(sc)
return handle_language_spec(self, "link_tr", sc)
end
end
--[==[
Return {true} if the language has a transliteration module, or {false} if it doesn't.
]==]
function Language:hasTranslit()
return not not self._data.translit
end
--[==[
Return {true} if the language uses the letters I/ı and İ/i, or {false} if it doesn't.]==]
function Language:hasDottedDotlessI()
return not not self._data.dotted_dotless_i
end
function Language:toJSON(opts)
local strip_diacritics, strip_diacritics_patterns, strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = self._data.strip_diacritics
if strip_diacritics then
if strip_diacritics.from then
strip_diacritics_patterns = {}
for i, from in ipairs(strip_diacritics.from) do
insert(strip_diacritics_patterns, {from = from, to = strip_diacritics.to[i] or ""})
end
end
strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = strip_diacritics.remove_diacritics
end
-- mainCode should only end up non-nil if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
-- props should either contain zero-argument functions to compute the value, or the value itself.
local props = {
ancestors = function() return self:getAncestorCodes() end,
canonicalName = function() return self:getCanonicalName() end,
categoryName = function() return self:getCategoryName("nocap") end,
code = self._code,
mainCode = self._mainCode,
parent = function() return self:getParentCode() end,
full = function() return self:getFullCode() end,
stripDiacriticsPatterns = strip_diacritics_patterns,
stripDiacriticsRemoveDiacritics = strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics,
family = function() return self:getFamilyCode() end,
aliases = function() return self:getAliases() end,
varieties = function() return self:getVarieties() end,
otherNames = function() return self:getOtherNames() end,
pseudoFamilies = function() return self:getPseudoFamilies() end,
scripts = function() return self:getScriptCodes() end,
type = function() return keys_to_list(self:getTypes()) end,
wikimediaLanguages = function() return self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() end,
wikidataItem = function() return self:getWikidataItem() end,
wikipediaArticle = function() return self:getWikipediaArticle(true) end,
}
local ret = {}
for prop, val in pairs(props) do
if not opts.skip_fields or not opts.skip_fields[prop] then
if type(val) == "function" then
ret[prop] = val()
else
ret[prop] = val
end
end
end
-- Use `deep_copy` when returning a table, so that there are no editing restrictions imposed by `mw.loadData`.
return opts and opts.lua_table and deep_copy(ret) or to_json(ret, opts)
end
function export.getDataModuleName(code)
local letter = match(code, "^(%l)%l%l?$")
return "Module:" .. (
letter == nil and "languages/data/exceptional" or
#code == 2 and "languages/data/2" or
"languages/data/3/" .. letter
)
end
get_data_module_name = export.getDataModuleName
function export.getExtraDataModuleName(code)
return get_data_module_name(code) .. "/extra"
end
get_extra_data_module_name = export.getExtraDataModuleName
do
local function make_stack(data)
local key_types = {
[2] = "unique",
aliases = "unique",
other_names = "unique",
type = "append",
varieties = "unique",
wikipedia_article = "unique",
wikimedia_codes = "unique"
}
local function __index(self, k)
local stack, key_type = getmetatable(self), key_types[k]
-- Data that isn't inherited from the parent.
if key_type == "unique" then
local v = stack[stack[make_stack]][k]
if v == nil then
local layer = stack[0]
if layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
v = layer[k]
end
end
return v
-- Data that is appended by each generation.
elseif key_type == "append" then
local parts, offset, n = {}, 0, stack[make_stack]
for i = 1, n do
local part = stack[i][k]
if part == nil then
offset = offset + 1
else
parts[i - offset] = part
end
end
return offset ~= n and concat(parts, ",") or nil
end
local n = stack[make_stack]
while true do
local layer = stack[n]
if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
return nil
end
local v = layer[k]
if v ~= nil then
return v
end
n = n - 1
end
end
local function __newindex()
error("table is read-only")
end
local function __pairs(self)
-- Iterate down the stack, caching keys to avoid duplicate returns.
local stack, seen = getmetatable(self), {}
local n = stack[make_stack]
local iter, state, k, v = pairs(stack[n])
return function()
repeat
repeat
k = iter(state, k)
if k == nil then
n = n - 1
local layer = stack[n]
if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
return nil
end
iter, state, k = pairs(layer)
end
until not (k == nil or seen[k])
-- Get the value via a lookup, as the one returned by the
-- iterator will be the raw value from the current layer,
-- which may not be the one __index will return for that
-- key. Also memoize the key in `seen` (even if the lookup
-- returns nil) so that it doesn't get looked up again.
-- TODO: store values in `self`, avoiding the need to create
-- the `seen` table. The iterator will need to iterate over
-- `self` with `next` first to find these on future loops.
v, seen[k] = self[k], true
until v ~= nil
return k, v
end
end
local __ipairs = require(table_module).indexIpairs
function make_stack(data)
local stack = {
data,
[make_stack] = 1, -- stores the length and acts as a sentinel to confirm a given metatable is a stack.
__index = __index,
__newindex = __newindex,
__pairs = __pairs,
__ipairs = __ipairs,
}
stack.__metatable = stack
return setmetatable({}, stack), stack
end
return make_stack(data)
end
local function get_stack(data)
local stack = getmetatable(data)
return stack and type(stack) == "table" and stack[make_stack] and stack or nil
end
--[==[
<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red,#BA0000)">This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.</span>
Return a blob of data about the language. The format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended
for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as
the format changes. If `extra` is set, any extra data in the relevant `/extra` module will be included. (Note that it
will be included anyway if it has already been loaded into the language object.) If `raw` is set, then the returned data
will not contain any data inherited from parent objects.
-- Do NOT use these methods!
-- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page!
]==]
function Language:getData(extra, raw)
if extra then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
local data = self._data
-- If raw is not set, just return the data.
if not raw then
return data
end
local stack = get_stack(data)
-- If there isn't a stack or its length is 1, return the data. Extra data (if any) will be included, as it's
-- stored at key 0 and doesn't affect the reported length.
if stack == nil then
return data
end
local n = stack[make_stack]
if n == 1 then
return data
end
extra = stack[0]
-- If there isn't any extra data, return the top layer of the stack.
if extra == nil then
return stack[n]
end
-- If there is, return a new stack which has the top layer at key 1 and the extra data at key 0.
data, stack = make_stack(stack[n])
stack[0] = extra
return data
end
function Language:loadInExtraData()
-- Only full languages have extra data.
if not self:hasType("language", "full") then
return
end
local data = self._data
-- If there's no stack, create one.
local stack = get_stack(self._data)
if stack == nil then
data, stack = make_stack(data)
-- If already loaded, return.
elseif stack[0] ~= nil then
return
end
self._data = data
-- Load extra data from the relevant module and add it to the stack at key 0, so that the __index and __pairs
-- metamethods will pick it up, since they iterate down the stack until they run out of layers.
local code = self._code
local modulename = get_extra_data_module_name(code)
-- No data cached as false.
stack[0] = modulename and load_data(modulename)[code] or false
end
--[==[
Return the name of the module containing the language's data, e.g. [[Module:languages/data/3/k]] for three-letter codes
beginning with `k`.
]==]
function Language:getDataModuleName()
local name = self._dataModuleName
if name == nil then
name = self:hasType("etymology-only") and etymology_languages_data_module or
get_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code)
self._dataModuleName = name
end
return name
end
--[==[
Return the name of the module containing the language's extra data, e.g. [[Module:languages/data/3/k/extra]] for
three-letter codes beginning with `k`.
]==]
function Language:getExtraDataModuleName()
local name = self._extraDataModuleName
if name == nil then
name = not self:hasType("etymology-only") and get_extra_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code) or false
self._extraDataModuleName = name
end
return name or nil
end
function export.makeObject(code, data, dontCanonicalizeAliases)
local data_type = type(data)
if data_type ~= "table" then
error(("bad argument #2 to 'makeObject' (table expected, got %s)"):format(data_type))
end
-- Convert any aliases.
local input_code = code
code = normalize_code(code)
input_code = dontCanonicalizeAliases and input_code or code
local parent
if data.parent then
parent = get_by_code(data.parent, nil, true, true)
else
parent = Language
end
parent.__index = parent
local lang = {_code = input_code}
-- This can only happen if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
if code ~= input_code then
lang._mainCode = code
end
local parent_data = parent._data
if parent_data == nil then
-- Full code is the same as the code.
lang._fullCode = parent._code or code
else
-- Copy full code.
lang._fullCode = parent._fullCode
local stack = get_stack(parent_data)
if stack == nil then
parent_data, stack = make_stack(parent_data)
end
-- Insert the input data as the new top layer of the stack.
local n = stack[make_stack] + 1
data, stack[n], stack[make_stack] = parent_data, data, n
end
lang._data = data
return setmetatable(lang, parent)
end
make_object = export.makeObject
end
--[==[
Find the language whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, return a `Language` object representing the
language. Otherwise, return {nil}, unless `paramForError` is given, in which case an error is generated. If
`paramForError` is {true}, a generic error message mentioning the bad code is generated; otherwise `paramForError`
should be a string or number specifying the parameter that the code came from, and this parameter will be mentioned
in the error message along with the bad code. If `allowEtymLang` is specified, etymology-only language codes are allowed
and looked up along with full language codes. If `allowFamily` is specified, language family codes are allowed and
looked up along with normal language codes.
]==]
function export.getByCode(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
-- [[ Track uses of paramForError, ultimately so it can be removed, as error-handling should be done by
-- [[Module:parameters]], not here. ]] -- I (Benwing) disagree; that is an idealistic goal unlikely to be achievable
-- realistically.
if paramForError ~= nil then
track("paramForError")
end
if type(code) ~= "string" then
local typ
if not code then
typ = "nil"
elseif check_object("language", true, code) then
typ = "a language object"
elseif check_object("family", true, code) then
typ = "a family object"
else
typ = "a " .. type(code)
end
error("The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received " .. typ .. ".")
end
local m_data = load_data(languages_data_module)
if m_data.aliases[code] or m_data.track[code] then
track(code)
end
local norm_code = normalize_code(code)
-- Get the data, checking for etymology-only languages if allowEtymLang is set.
local data = load_data(get_data_module_name(norm_code))[norm_code] or
allowEtymLang and load_data(etymology_languages_data_module)[norm_code]
-- If no data was found and allowFamily is set, check the family data. If the main family data was found, make the
-- object with [[Module:families]] instead, as family objects have different methods. However, if it's an
-- etymology-only family, use make_object in this module (which handles object inheritance), and the
-- family-specific methods will be inherited from the parent object.
if data == nil and allowFamily then
data = load_data("Module:families/data")[norm_code]
if data ~= nil then
if data.parent == nil then
return make_family_object(norm_code, data)
elseif not allowEtymLang then
data = nil
end
end
end
local retval = code and data and make_object(code, data)
if not retval and paramForError then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
get_by_code = export.getByCode
--[==[
Find the language whose canonical name (the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary) or other name matches
the one provided. If it exists, return a `Language` object representing the language. Otherwise, return {nil}, unless
`paramForError` is given, in which case an error is generated. If `allowEtymLang` is specified, etymology-only language
codes are allowed and looked up along with full language codes. If `allowFamily` is specified, language family codes are
allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. The canonical name of languages should always be unique (it is
an error for two languages on Wiktionary to share the same canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one
result. This function is powered by [[Module:languages/canonical names]], which contains a pre-generated mapping of
full-language canonical names to codes. It is generated by going through the [[:Category:Language data modules]] for
full languages. When `allowEtymLang` is specified for the above function, [[Module:etymology languages/canonical names]]
may also be used, and when `allowFamily` is specified for the above function, [[Module:families/canonical names]] may
also be used.
]==]
function export.getByCanonicalName(name, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
local byName = load_data("Module:languages/canonical names")
local code = byName and byName[name]
if not code and allowEtymLang then
byName = load_data("Module:etymology languages/canonical names")
code = byName and byName[name] or
byName[gsub(name, " [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
byName[gsub(name, "^a ", "")] or
byName[gsub(name, "^a ", ""):gsub(" [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
-- For etymology families like "ira-pro".
-- FIXME: This is not ideal, as it allows " languages" to be appended to any etymology-only language, too.
byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")]
end
if not code and allowFamily then
byName = load_data("Module:families/canonical names")
code = byName[name] or byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")]
end
local retval = code and get_by_code(code, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
if not retval and errorIfInvalid then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").canonicalName(name, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
--[==[
Used by [[Module:languages/data/2]] (et al.) and [[Module:etymology languages/data]], [[Module:families/data]],
[[Module:scripts/data]] and [[Module:writing systems/data]] to finalize the data into the format that is actually returned.
]==]
function export.finalizeData(data, main_type, variety)
local fields = {"type"}
if main_type == "language" then
insert(fields, 4) -- script codes
insert(fields, "ancestors")
insert(fields, "link_tr")
insert(fields, "override_translit")
insert(fields, "wikimedia_codes")
elseif main_type == "script" then
insert(fields, 3) -- writing system codes
end -- Families and writing systems have no extra fields to process.
local fields_len = #fields
for _, entity in next, data do
if variety then
-- Move parent from 3 to "parent" and family from "family" to 3. These are different for the sake of
-- convenience, since very few varieties have the family specified, whereas all of them have a parent.
entity.parent, entity[3] = entity[3], entity.family
entity.family = nil
-- Give the type "regular" iff not a variety and no other types are assigned.
elseif not (entity.type or entity.parent) then
entity.type = "regular"
end
for i = 1, fields_len do
local key = fields[i]
local field = entity[key]
if field and type(field) == "string" then
entity[key] = gsub(field, "%s*,%s*", ",")
end
end
end
return data
end
--[==[
For backwards compatibility only; modules should require the error themselves.
]==]
function export.err(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
return require("Module:languages/error")(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
end
return export
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--[==[ intro:
This module implements fetching of language-specific information and processing text in a given language.
===Types of languages===
There are two types of languages: full languages and etymology-only languages. The essential difference is that only
full languages appear in L2 headings in vocabulary entries, and hence categories like [[:Category:French nouns]] exist
only for full languages. Etymology-only languages have either a full language or another etymology-only language as
their parent (in the parent-child inheritance sense), and for etymology-only languages with another etymology-only
language as their parent, a full language can always be derived by following the parent links upwards. For example,
"Canadian French", code `fr-CA`, is an etymology-only language whose parent is the full language "French", code `fr`.
An example of an etymology-only language with another etymology-only parent is "Northumbrian Old English", code
`ang-nor`, which has "Anglian Old English", code `ang-ang` as its parent; this is an etymology-only language whose
parent is "Old English", code `ang`, which is a full language. (This is because Northumbrian Old English is considered
a variety of Anglian Old English.) Sometimes the parent is the "Undetermined" language, code `und`; this is the case,
for example, for "substrate" languages such as "Pre-Greek", code `qsb-grc`, and "the BMAC substrate", code `qsb-bma`.
It is important to distinguish language ''parents'' from language ''ancestors''. The parent-child relationship is one
of containment, i.e. if X is a child of Y, X is considered a variety of Y. On the other hand, the ancestor-descendant
relationship is one of descent in time. For example, "Classical Latin", code `la-cla`, and "Late Latin", code `la-lat`,
are both etymology-only languages with "Latin", code `la`, as their parents, because both of the former are varieties
of Latin. However, Late Latin does *NOT* have Classical Latin as its parent because Late Latin is *not* a variety of
Classical Latin; rather, it is a descendant. There is in fact a separate `ancestors` field that is used to express the
ancestor-descendant relationship, and Late Latin's ancestor is given as Classical Latin. It is also important to note
that sometimes an etymology-only language is actually the conceptual ancestor of its parent language. This happens,
for example, with "Old Italian" (code `roa-oit`), which is an etymology-only variant of full language "Italian" (code
`it`), and with "Old Latin" (code `itc-ola`), which is an etymology-only variant of Latin. In both cases, the full
language has the etymology-only variant listed as an ancestor. This allows a Latin term to inherit from Old Latin
using the {{tl|inh}} template (where in this template, "inheritance" refers to ancestral inheritance, i.e. inheritance
in time, rather than in the parent-child sense); likewise for Italian and Old Italian.
Full languages come in three subtypes:
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the
main namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the
{Reconstruction} namespace and must be prefixed with * to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages
are natural (not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük,
among others) are also allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with
*. Languages such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in
the Appendix namespace, but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have *
prefixed in links. Most constructed languages are of this subtype.
Both full languages and etymology-only languages have a {Language} object associated with them, which is fetched using
the {getByCode} function in [[Module:languages]] to convert a language code to a {Language} object. Depending on the
options supplied to this function, etymology-only languages may or may not be accepted, and family codes may be
accepted (returning a {Family} object as described in [[Module:families]]). There are also separate {getByCanonicalName}
functions in [[Module:languages]] and [[Module:etymology languages]] to convert a language's canonical name to a
{Language} object (depending on whether the canonical name refers to a full or etymology-only language).
===Textual representations===
Textual strings belonging to a given language come in several different ''text variants'':
# The ''input text'' is what the user supplies in wikitext, in the parameters to {{tl|m}}, {{tl|l}}, {{tl|ux}},
{{tl|t}}, {{tl|lang}} and the like.
# The ''corrected input text'' is the input text with some corrections and/or normalizations applied, such as
bad-character replacements for certain languages, like replacing `l` or `1` to [[palochka]] in some languages written
in Cyrillic. (FIXME: This currently goes under the name ''display text'' but that will be repurposed below. Also,
[[User:Surjection]] suggests renaming this to ''normalized input text'', but "normalized" is used in a different sense
in [[Module:usex]].)
# The ''display text'' is the text in the form as it will be displayed to the user. This is what appears in headwords,
in usexes, in displayed internal links, etc. This can include accent marks that are removed to form the stripped
display text (see below), as well as embedded bracketed links that are variously processed further. The display text
is generated from the corrected input text by applying language-specific transformations; for most languages, there
will be no such transformations. The general reason for having a difference between input and display text is to allow
for extra information in the input text that is not displayed to the user but is sent to the transliteration module.
Note that having different display and input text is only supported currently through special-casing but will be
generalized. Examples of transformations are: (1) Removing the {{cd|^}} that is used in certain East Asian (and
possibly other unicameral) languages to indicate capitalization of the transliteration (which is currently
special-cased); (2) for Korean, removing or otherwise processing hyphens (which is currently special-cased); (3) for
Arabic, removing a ''sukūn'' diacritic placed over a ''tāʔ marbūṭa'' (like this: ةْ) to indicate that the
''tāʔ marbūṭa'' is pronounced and transliterated as /t/ instead of being silent [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET]; (4) for
Thai and Khmer, converting space-separated words to bracketed words and resolving respelling substitutions such as
`[กรีน/กฺรีน]`, which indicate how to transliterate given words [NOTE, NOT IMPLEMENTED YET except in language-specific
templates like {{tl|th-usex}}].
## The ''right-resolved display text'' is the result of removing brackets around one-part embedded links and resolving
two-part embedded links into their right-hand components (i.e. converting two-part links into the displayed form).
The process of right-resolution is what happens when you call {{cd|remove_links()}} in [[Module:links]] on some text.
When applied to the display text, it produces exactly what the user sees, without any link markup.
# The ''stripped display text'' is the result of applying diacritic-stripping to the display text.
## The ''left-resolved stripped display text'' [NEED BETTER NAME] is the result of applying left-resolution to the
stripped display text, i.e. similar to right-resolution but resolving two-part embedded links into their left-hand
components (i.e. the linked-to page). If the display text refers to a single page, the resulting of applying
diacritic stripping and left-resolution produces the ''logical pagename''.
# The ''physical pagename text'' is the result of converting the stripped display text into physical page links. If the
stripped display text contains embedded links, the left side of those links is converted into physical page links;
otherwise, the entire text is considered a pagename and converted in the same fashion. The conversion does three
things: (1) converts characters not allowed in pagenames into their "unsupported title" representation, e.g.
{{cd|Unsupported titles/`gt`}} in place of the logical name {{cd|>}}; (2) handles certain special-cased
unsupported-title logical pagenames, such as {{cd|Unsupported titles/Space}} in place of {{cd|[space]}} and
{{cd|Unsupported titles/Ancient Greek dish}} in place of a very long Greek name for a gourmet dish as found in
Aristophanes; (3) converts "mammoth" pagenames such as [[a]] into their appropriate split component, e.g.
[[a/languages A to L]].
# The ''source translit text'' is the text as supplied to the language-specific {{cd|transliterate()}} method. The form
of the source translit text may need to be language-specific, e.g Thai and Khmer will need the corrected input text,
whereas other languages may need to work off the display text. [FIXME: It's still unclear to me how embedded bracketed
links are handled in the existing code.] In general, embedded links need to be right-resolved (see above), but when
this happens is unclear to me [FIXME]. Some languages have a chop-up-and-paste-together scheme that sends parts of the
text through the transliterate mechanism, and for others (those listed with "cont" in {{cd|substitution}} in
[[Module:languages/data]]) they receive the full input text, but preprocessed in certain ways. (The wisdom of this is
still unclear to me.)
# The ''transliterated text'' (or ''transliteration'') is the result of transliterating the source translit text. Unlike
for all the other text variants except the transcribed text, it is always in the Latin script.
# The ''transcribed text'' (or ''transcription'') is the result of transcribing the source translit text, where
"transcription" here means a close approximation to the phonetic form of the language in languages (e.g. Akkadian,
Sumerian, Ancient Egyptian, maybe Tibetan) that have a wide difference between the written letters and spoken form.
Unlike for all the other text variants other than the transliterated text, it is always in the Latin script.
Currently, the transcribed text is always supplied manually be the user; there is no such thing as a
{{cd|transcribe()}} method on language objects.
# The ''sort key'' is the text used in sort keys for determining the placing of pages in categories they belong to. The
sort key is generated from the pagename or a specified ''sort base'' by lowercasing, doing language-specific
transformations and then uppercasing the result. If the sort base is supplied and is generated from input text, it
needs to be converted to display text, have embedded links removed through right-resolution and have
diacritic-stripping applied.
# There are other text variants that occur in usexes (specifically, there are normalized variants of several of the
above text variants), but we can skip them for now.
The following methods exist on {Language} objects to convert between different text variants:
# {correctInputText} (currently called {makeDisplayText}): This converts input text to corrected input text.
# {stripDiacritics}: This converts to stripped display text. [FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular,
{stripDiacritics} is sometimes called on input text, corrected input text or display text (in various paths inside of
[[Module:links]], and, in the case of input text, usually from other modules). We need to make sure we don't try to
convert input text to display text twice, but at the same time we need to support calling it directly on input text
since so many modules do this. This means we need to add a parameter indicating whether the passed-in text is input,
corrected input, or display text; if the former two, we call {correctInputText} ourselves.]
# {logicalToPhysical}: This converts logical pagenames to physical pagenames.
# {transliterate}: This appears to convert input text with embedded brackets removed into a transliteration.
[FIXME: This needs some rethinking. In particular, it calls {processDisplayText} on its input, which won't work
for Thai and Khmer, so we may need language-specific flags indicating whether to pass the input text directly to the
language transliterate method. In addition, I'm not sure how embedded links are handled in the existing translit code;
a lot of callers remove the links themselves before calling {transliterate()}, which I assume is wrong.]
# {makeSortKey}: This converts display text (?) to a sort key. [FIXME: Clarify this.]
]==]
local export = {}
local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track"
local etymology_languages_data_module = "Module:etymology languages/data"
local families_module = "Module:families"
local headword_page_module = "Module:headword/page"
local json_module = "Module:JSON"
local language_like_module = "Module:language-like"
local languages_data_module = "Module:languages/data"
local languages_data_patterns_module = "Module:languages/data/patterns"
local links_data_module = "Module:links/data"
local load_module = "Module:load"
local scripts_module = "Module:scripts"
local scripts_data_module = "Module:scripts/data"
local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:string/encode entities"
local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape"
local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape"
local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"
local table_module = "Module:table"
local utilities_module = "Module:utilities"
local wikimedia_languages_module = "Module:wikimedia languages"
local mw = mw
local string = string
local table = table
local char = string.char
local concat = table.concat
local find = string.find
local floor = math.floor
local get_by_code -- Defined below.
local get_data_module_name -- Defined below.
local get_extra_data_module_name -- Defined below.
local getmetatable = getmetatable
local gmatch = string.gmatch
local gsub = string.gsub
local insert = table.insert
local ipairs = ipairs
local is_known_language_tag = mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag
local make_object -- Defined below.
local match = string.match
local next = next
local pairs = pairs
local remove = table.remove
local require = require
local select = select
local setmetatable = setmetatable
local sub = string.sub
local type = type
local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip
-- Loaded as needed by findBestScript.
local Hans_chars
local Hant_chars
local function check_object(...)
check_object = require(utilities_module).check_object
return check_object(...)
end
local function debug_track(...)
debug_track = require(debug_track_module)
return debug_track(...)
end
local function decode_entities(...)
decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities
return decode_entities(...)
end
local function decode_uri(...)
decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri
return decode_uri(...)
end
local function deep_copy(...)
deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy
return deep_copy(...)
end
local function encode_entities(...)
encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module)
return encode_entities(...)
end
local function get_L2_sort_key(...)
get_L2_sort_key = require(headword_page_module).get_L2_sort_key
return get_L2_sort_key(...)
end
local function get_script(...)
get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode
return get_script(...)
end
local function find_best_script_without_lang(...)
find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang
return find_best_script_without_lang(...)
end
local function get_family(...)
get_family = require(families_module).getByCode
return get_family(...)
end
local function get_plaintext(...)
get_plaintext = require(utilities_module).get_plaintext
return get_plaintext(...)
end
local function get_wikimedia_lang(...)
get_wikimedia_lang = require(wikimedia_languages_module).getByCode
return get_wikimedia_lang(...)
end
local function keys_to_list(...)
keys_to_list = require(table_module).keysToList
return keys_to_list(...)
end
local function list_to_set(...)
list_to_set = require(table_module).listToSet
return list_to_set(...)
end
local function load_data(...)
load_data = require(load_module).load_data
return load_data(...)
end
local function make_family_object(...)
make_family_object = require(families_module).makeObject
return make_family_object(...)
end
local function pattern_escape(...)
pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module)
return pattern_escape(...)
end
local function replacement_escape(...)
replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module)
return replacement_escape(...)
end
local function safe_require(...)
safe_require = require(load_module).safe_require
return safe_require(...)
end
local function shallow_copy(...)
shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy
return shallow_copy(...)
end
local function split(...)
split = require(string_utilities_module).split
return split(...)
end
local function to_json(...)
to_json = require(json_module).toJSON
return to_json(...)
end
local function u(...)
u = require(string_utilities_module).char
return u(...)
end
local function ugsub(...)
ugsub = require(string_utilities_module).gsub
return ugsub(...)
end
local function ulen(...)
ulen = require(string_utilities_module).len
return ulen(...)
end
local function ulower(...)
ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower
return ulower(...)
end
local function umatch(...)
umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match
return umatch(...)
end
local function uupper(...)
uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper
return uupper(...)
end
local function track(page)
debug_track("languages/" .. page)
return true
end
local function normalize_code(code)
return load_data(languages_data_module).aliases[code] or code
end
local function check_inputs(self, check, default, ...)
local n = select("#", ...)
if n == 0 then
return false
end
local ret = check(self, (...))
if ret ~= nil then
return ret
elseif n > 1 then
local inputs = {...}
for i = 2, n do
ret = check(self, inputs[i])
if ret ~= nil then
return ret
end
end
end
return default
end
local function make_link(self, target, display)
local prefix, main
if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then
prefix, main = display:match("^(the )(.*)")
if not prefix then
prefix, main = display:match("^(a )(.*)")
end
end
return (prefix or "") .. "[[" .. target .. "|" .. (main or display) .. "]]"
end
-- Convert risky characters to HTML entities, which minimizes interference once returned (e.g. for "sms:a", "<!-- -->" etc.).
local function escape_risky_characters(text)
-- l10n: 先把字詞轉換標記 -{ }- 藏起來,避免被實體化
text = text:gsub("%-%{", "\5"):gsub("%}%-", "\6")
-- Spacing characters in isolation generally need to be escaped in order to be properly processed by the MediaWiki
-- software.
if umatch(text, "^%s*$") then
return (encode_entities(text, text):gsub("\5", "-{"):gsub("\6", "}-"))
end
return (encode_entities(text, "!#%&*+/:;<=>?@[\\]_{|}"):gsub("\5", "-{"):gsub("\6", "}-"))
end
-- Temporarily convert various formatting characters to PUA to prevent them from being disrupted by the substitution process.
local function doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets, noTrim)
-- Clone so that we don't insert any extra patterns into the table in package.loaded. For some reason, using require
-- seems to keep memory use down; probably because the table is always cloned.
local patterns = shallow_copy(require(languages_data_patterns_module))
if keepCarets then
insert(patterns, "((\\+)%^)")
insert(patterns, "((%^))")
end
-- Ensure any whitespace at the beginning and end is temp substituted, to prevent it from being accidentally
-- trimmed. We only want to trim any final spaces added during the substitution process (e.g. by a module), which
-- means we only do this during the first round of temp substitutions.
if not noTrim then
insert(patterns, "^([\128-\191\244]*(%s+))")
insert(patterns, "((%s+)[\128-\191\244]*)$")
end
-- Pre-substitution, of "[[" and "]]", which makes pattern matching more accurate.
text = gsub(text, "%f[%[]%[%[", "\1"):gsub("%f[%]]%]%]", "\2")
local i = #subbedChars
for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
-- Patterns ending in \0 stand are for things like "[[" or "]]"), so the inserted PUA are treated as breaks
-- between terms by modules that scrape info from pages.
local term_divider
pattern = gsub(pattern, "%z$", function(divider)
term_divider = divider == "\0"
return ""
end)
text = gsub(text, pattern, function(...)
local m = {...}
local m1New = m[1]
for k = 2, #m do
local n = i + k - 1
subbedChars[n] = m[k]
local byte2 = floor(n / 4096) % 64 + (term_divider and 128 or 136)
local byte3 = floor(n / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = n % 64 + 128
m1New = gsub(m1New, pattern_escape(m[k]), "\244" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4), 1)
end
i = i + #m - 1
return m1New
end)
end
text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text, subbedChars
end
-- Reinsert any formatting that was temporarily substituted.
local function undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
for i = 1, #subbedChars do
local byte2 = floor(i / 4096) % 64 + 128
local byte3 = floor(i / 64) % 64 + 128
local byte4 = i % 64 + 128
text = gsub(text, "\244[" .. char(byte2) .. char(byte2+8) .. "]" .. char(byte3) .. char(byte4),
replacement_escape(subbedChars[i]))
end
text = gsub(text, "\1", "%[%["):gsub("\2", "%]%]")
return text
end
-- Check if the raw text is an unsupported title, and if so return that. Otherwise, remove HTML entities. We do the
-- pre-conversion to avoid loading the unsupported title list unnecessarily.
local function checkNoEntities(text)
local textNoEnc = decode_entities(text)
if textNoEnc ~= text and load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles[text] then
return text
else
return textNoEnc
end
end
-- If no script object is provided (or if it's invalid or None), get one.
local function checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not check_object("script", true, sc) or sc:getCode() == "None" then
return self:findBestScript(text)
end
return sc
end
local function normalize(text, sc)
text = sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)
return sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
--[=[
Subfunction of iterateSectionSubstitutions(). Process an individual chunk of text according to the specifications in
`substitution_data`. The input parameters are all as in the documentation of iterateSectionSubstitutions() except for
`recursed`, which is set to true if we called ourselves recursively to process a script-specific setting or
script-wide fallback. Returns two values: the processed text and the actual substitution data used to do the
substitutions (same as the `actual_substitution_data` return value to iterateSectionSubstitutions()).
]=]
local function doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data, data_field, function_name, recursed)
-- BE CAREFUL in this function because the value at any level can be `false`, which causes no processing to be done
-- and blocks any further fallback processing.
local actual_substitution_data = substitution_data
-- If there are language-specific substitutes given in the data module, use those.
if type(substitution_data) == "table" then
-- If a script is specified, run this function with the script-specific data before continuing.
local sc_code = sc:getCode()
local has_substitution_data = false
if substitution_data[sc_code] ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data[sc_code] then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[sc_code], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Hant, Hans and Hani are usually treated the same, so add a special case to avoid having to specify each one
-- separately.
elseif sc_code:match("^Han") and substitution_data.Hani ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data.Hani then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data.Hani, data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Substitution data with key 1 in the outer table may be given as a fallback.
elseif substitution_data[1] ~= nil then
has_substitution_data = true
if substitution_data[1] then
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, substitution_data[1], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
end
-- Iterate over all strings in the "from" subtable, and gsub with the corresponding string in "to". We work with
-- the NFD decomposed forms, as this simplifies many substitutions.
if substitution_data.from then
has_substitution_data = true
for i, from in ipairs(substitution_data.from) do
-- Normalize each loop, to ensure multi-stage substitutions work correctly.
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
text = ugsub(text, sc:toFixedNFD(from), substitution_data.to[i] or "")
end
end
if substitution_data.remove_diacritics then
has_substitution_data = true
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
-- Convert exceptions to PUA.
local remove_exceptions, substitutes = substitution_data.remove_exceptions
if remove_exceptions then
substitutes = {}
local i = 0
for _, exception in ipairs(remove_exceptions) do
exception = sc:toFixedNFD(exception)
text = ugsub(text, exception, function(m)
i = i + 1
local subst = u(0x80000 + i)
substitutes[subst] = m
return subst
end)
end
end
-- Strip diacritics.
text = ugsub(text, "[" .. substitution_data.remove_diacritics .. "]", "")
-- Convert exceptions back.
if remove_exceptions then
text = text:gsub("\242[\128-\191]*", substitutes)
end
end
if not has_substitution_data and sc._data[data_field] then
-- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.).
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
elseif type(substitution_data) == "string" then
-- If there is a dedicated function module, use that.
local module = safe_require("Module:" .. substitution_data)
if module then
-- TODO: translit functions should take objects, not codes.
-- TODO: translit functions should be called with form NFD.
if function_name == "tr" then
if not module[function_name] then
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'tr'"):format(substitution_data))
end
text = module[function_name](text, self._code, sc:getCode())
elseif function_name == "stripDiacritics" then
-- FIXME, get rid of this arm after renaming makeEntryName -> stripDiacritics.
if module[function_name] then
text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
elseif module.makeEntryName then
text = module.makeEntryName(sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
else
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named 'stripDiacritics' or 'makeEntryName'"
):format(substitution_data))
end
else
if not module[function_name] then
error(("Internal error: Module [[%s]] has no function named '%s'"):format(
substitution_data, function_name))
end
text = module[function_name](sc:toFixedNFD(text), self, sc)
end
else
error("Substitution data '" .. substitution_data .. "' does not match an existing module.")
end
elseif substitution_data == nil and sc._data[data_field] then
-- If language-specific sort key (etc.) is nil, fall back to script-wide sort key (etc.).
text, actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, text, sc, sc._data[data_field], data_field,
function_name, true)
end
-- Don't normalize to NFC if this is the inner loop or if a module returned nil.
if recursed or not text then
return text, actual_substitution_data
end
-- Fix any discouraged sequences created during the substitution process, and normalize into the final form.
return sc:toFixedNFC(sc:fixDiscouragedSequences(text)), actual_substitution_data
end
--[=[
Split the text into sections, based on the presence of temporarily substituted formatting characters, then iterate over
each section to apply substitutions (e.g. transliteration or diacritic stripping). This avoids putting PUA (Private Use
Area) characters through language-specific modules, which may be unequipped for them. This function is passed the
following values:
* `self` (the Language object);
* `text` (the text to process);
* `sc` (the script of the text, which must be specified; callers should call checkScript() as needed to autodetect the
script of the text if not given explicitly by the user);
* `subbedChars` (an array of the same length as the text, indicating which characters have been substituted and by
what, or {nil} if no substitutions are to happen);
* `keepCarets` (DOCUMENT ME);
* `substitution_data` (the data indicating which substitutions to apply, taken directly from `data_field` in the
language's data structure in a submodule of [[Module:languages/data]]);
* `data_field` (the field from which `substitution_data` was fetched, such as {"sort_key"} or {"strip_diacritics"});
* `function_name` (the name of the function to call to do the substitution, in case `substitution_data` specifies a
module to do the substitution);
* `notrim` (don't trim whitespace at the edges of `text`; set when computing the sort key, because whitespace at the
beginning of a sort key is significant and causes the resulting page to be sorted at the beginning of the category
it's in).
Return three values:
# the processed text;
# the value of `subbedChars` that was passed in, possibly modified with additional character substitutions; will be
{nil} if {nil} was passed in;
# the actual substitution data that was used to apply substitutions to `text`; this may be different from the value
of `substitution_data` passed in if that value recursively specified script-specific substitutions or if no
substitution data could be found in the language-specific data (e.g. {nil} was passed in or a structure was passed
in that had no setting for the script given in `sc`), but a script-wide fallback value was set; currently it is
only used by {makeSortKey()}.
]=]
local function iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, substitution_data, data_field,
function_name, notrim)
local sections
-- See [[Module:languages/data]].
if not find(text, "\244") or load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] == "cont" then
sections = {text}
else
sections = split(text, "\244[\128-\143][\128-\191]*", true)
end
local actual_substitution_data
for _, section in ipairs(sections) do
-- Don't bother processing empty strings or whitespace (which may also not be handled well by dedicated
-- modules).
if gsub(section, "%s+", "") ~= "" then
local sub, this_actual_substitution_data = doSubstitutions(self, section, sc, substitution_data, data_field,
function_name)
actual_substitution_data = this_actual_substitution_data
-- Second round of temporary substitutions, in case any formatting was added by the main substitution
-- process. However, don't do this if the section contains formatting already (as it would have had to have
-- been escaped to reach this stage, and therefore should be given as raw text).
if sub and subbedChars then
local noSub
for _, pattern in ipairs(require(languages_data_patterns_module)) do
if match(section, pattern .. "%z?") then
noSub = true
end
end
if not noSub then
sub, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(sub, subbedChars, keepCarets, true)
end
end
if not sub then
text = sub
break
end
text = sub and gsub(text, pattern_escape(section), replacement_escape(sub), 1) or text
end
end
if not notrim then
-- Trim, unless there are only spacing characters, while ignoring any final formatting characters.
-- Do not trim sort keys because spaces at the beginning are significant.
text = text and text:gsub("^([\128-\191\244]*)%s+(%S)", "%1%2"):gsub("(%S)%s+([\128-\191\244]*)$", "%1%2") or
nil
end
return text, subbedChars, actual_substitution_data
end
-- Process carets (and any escapes). Default to simple removal, if no pattern/replacement is given.
local function processCarets(text, pattern, repl)
local rep
repeat
text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*^)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
return (text:gsub("\\^", "\4")
:gsub(pattern or "%^", repl or "")
:gsub("\3", "\\")
:gsub("\4", "^"))
end
-- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped).
local function removeCarets(text, sc)
if not sc:hasCapitalization() and sc:isTransliterated() and text:find("^", 1, true) then
return processCarets(text)
else
return text
end
end
local Language = {}
--[==[
Return the language code of the language. Example: {fr"} for French.
]==]
function Language:getCode()
return self._code
end
--[==[
Return the canonical name of the language. This is the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary, and is
guaranteed to be unique to that language alone. Example: {"French"} for French.
]==]
function Language:getCanonicalName()
local name = self._name
if name == nil then
name = self._data[1]
self._name = name
end
return name
end
--[==[
Return the display form of the language. The display form of a language, family or script is the form it takes when
appearing as the <code><var>source</var></code> in categories such as <code>English terms derived from
<var>source</var></code> or <code>English given names from <var>source</var></code>, and is also the displayed text
in `##makeCategoryLink()` links. For full and etymology-only languages, this is the same as the canonical name, but
for families, it reads <code>"<var>name</var> languages"</code> (e.g. {"Indo-Iranian languages"}), and for scripts,
it reads <code>"<var>name</var> script"</code> (e.g. {"Arabic script"}).
]==]
function Language:getDisplayForm()
local form = self._displayForm
if form == nil then
form = self:getCanonicalName()
-- Add article and " substrate" to substrates that lack them.
if self:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then
if not (sub(form, 1, 4) == "the " or sub(form, 1, 2) == "a ") then
-- form = "a " .. form
end
if not match(form, " [Ss]ubstrate") then
-- form = form .. " substrate"
end
end
self._displayForm = form
end
return form
end
--[==[
Return the value which should be used in the HTML `lang=` attribute for tagged text in the language.
]==]
function Language:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region)
local code = self._code
if not find(code, "-", 1, true) then
return code .. "-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "")
end
local parent = self:getParent()
region = region or match(code, "%f[%u][%u-]+%f[%U]")
if parent then
return parent:getHTMLAttribute(sc, region)
end
-- TODO: ISO family codes can also be used.
return "mis-" .. sc:getCode() .. (region and "-" .. region or "")
end
--[==[
Return a list of the aliases that the language is known by, excluding the canonical name. Aliases are synonyms for the
language in question. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes more than one language is known by
the same name. Example: { {"High German", "New High German", "Deutsch"}} for {{lnl|de}}.
]==]
function Language:getAliases()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getAliases(self)
end
--[==[
Return a list of the known subvarieties of a given language, excluding subvarieties that have been given explicit
etymology-only language codes. The names are not guaranteed to be unique, in that sometimes a given name refers to a
subvariety of more than one language. Example: { {"Southern Aymara", "Central Aymara"}} for {{lnl|ay}}. Note that the
returned value can have nested tables in it, when a subvariety goes by more than one name. Example:
{ {"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", {"Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar"}, {"Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay"}, "Sonqor"}}
for {{lnl|az}}. Here, for example, Afshar, Afshari, Afshar Azerbaijani and Afchar all refer to the same subvariety,
whose preferred name is Afshar (the one listed first). To avoid a return value with nested tables in it, specify a
non-{nil} value for the `flatten` parameter; in that case, the return value would be
{ {"North Azerbaijani", "South Azerbaijani", "Afshar", "Afshari", "Afshar Azerbaijani", "Afchar", "Qashqa'i", "Qashqai", "Kashkay", "Sonqor"}}.
]==]
function Language:getVarieties(flatten)
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getVarieties(self, flatten)
end
--[==[
Return a table of the "other names" that the language is known by, which are listed in the `other_names` field in the
language's extra-data module. It should be noted that the `other_names` field itself is deprecated, and entries listed
there should eventually be moved to either `aliases` or `varieties`, or removed if they refer to larger entities which
the language in question is actually a part of.
]==]
function Language:getOtherNames() -- To be eventually removed, once there are no more uses of the `other_names` field.
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getOtherNames(self)
end
--[==[
Return a combined table of the canonical name, aliases, varieties and other names of a given language.
]==]
function Language:getAllNames()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getAllNames(self)
end
--[==[
Return a table of types as a set (with the types as keys). The possible types are
* {language}: This is a language, either full or etymology-only.
* {full}: This is a "full" (not etymology-only) language, i.e. the union of {regular}, {reconstructed} and
{appendix-constructed}. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to
check specifically for a full language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use
{hasType("language", "full")} and not simply {hasType("full")}.
* {etymology-only}: This is an etymology-only (not full) language, whose parent is another etymology-only language or a
full language. Note that the types {full} and {etymology-only} also exist for families, so if you want to check
specifically for an etymology-only language and you have an object that might be a family, you should use
{hasType("language", "etymology-only")} and not simply {hasType("etymology-only")}.
* {regular}: This indicates a full language that is attested according to [[WT:CFI]] and therefore permitted in the main
namespace. There may also be reconstructed terms for the language, which are placed in the {Reconstruction}
namespace and must be prefixed with `*` to indicate a reconstruction. Most full languages are natural
(not constructed) languages, but a few constructed languages (e.g. Esperanto and Volapük, among others) are also
allowed in the mainspace and considered regular languages.
* {reconstructed}: This language is not attested according to [[WT:CFI]], and therefore is allowed only in the
{Reconstruction} namespace. All terms in this language are reconstructed, and must be prefixed with `*`. Languages
such as Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic are in this category. '''Exception:''' Reconstructed languages can
have entries in the mainspace using the ''anti-asterisk'' feature. This requires that both the headword for the
mainspace term (as specified using {{para|head}}) and links to the term are prefixed with the anti-asterisk
indicator `!!`.
* {appendix-constructed}: This language is attested but does not meet the additional requirements set out for
constructed languages ([[WT:CFI#Constructed languages]]). Its entries must therefore be in the Appendix namespace,
but they are not reconstructed and therefore should not have * prefixed in links.
]==]
function Language:getTypes()
local types = self._types
if types == nil then
types = {language = true}
if self:getFullCode() == self._code then
types.full = true
else
types["etymology-only"] = true
end
for t in gmatch(self._data.type, "[^,]+") do
types[t] = true
end
self._types = types
end
return types
end
--[==[
Given a list of types as strings, return {true} if the language has all of them.
]==]
function Language:hasType(...)
Language.hasType = require(language_like_module).hasType
return self:hasType(...)
end
--[==[
Return a list containing `WikimediaLanguage` objects (see [[Module:wikimedia languages]]), which represent languages
and their codes as they are used in Wikimedia projects for interwiki linking and such. More than one object may be
returned, as a single Wiktionary language may correspond to multiple Wikimedia languages. For example, Wiktionary's
single code `sh` (Serbo-Croatian) maps to four Wikimedia codes: `sh` (Serbo-Croatian), `bs` (Bosnian), `hr` (Croatian)
and `sr` (Serbian). The code for the Wikimedia language is retrieved from the `wikimedia_codes` property in the data
modules. If that property is not present, the code of the current language is used. If none of the available codes is
actually a valid Wikimedia code, an empty list is returned.
]==]
function Language:getWikimediaLanguages()
local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageObjects
if wm_langs == nil then
local codes = self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
wm_langs = {}
for i = 1, #codes do
wm_langs[i] = get_wikimedia_lang(codes[i])
end
self._wikimediaLanguageObjects = wm_langs
end
return wm_langs
end
function Language:getWikimediaLanguageCodes()
local wm_langs = self._wikimediaLanguageCodes
if wm_langs == nil then
wm_langs = self._data.wikimedia_codes
if wm_langs then
wm_langs = split(wm_langs, ",", true, true)
else
local code = self._code
if is_known_language_tag(code) then
wm_langs = {code}
else
-- Inherit, but only if no codes are specified in the data *and*
-- the language code isn't a valid Wikimedia language code.
local parent = self:getParent()
wm_langs = parent and parent:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() or {}
end
end
self._wikimediaLanguageCodes = wm_langs
end
return wm_langs
end
--[==[
Return the name of the Wikipedia article for the language. `project` specifies the language and project to retrieve
the article from, defaulting to {"enwiki"} for the English Wikipedia. Normally if specified it should be the project
code for a specific-language Wikipedia e.g. "zhwiki" for the Chinese Wikipedia, but it can be any project, including
non-Wikipedia ones. If the project is the English Wikipedia and the property {wikipedia_article} is present in the data
module it will be used first. In all other cases, a sitelink will be generated from {:getWikidataItem} (if set). The
resulting value (or lack of value) is cached so that subsequent calls are fast. If no value could be determined, and
`noCategoryFallback` is {false}, `##Language:getCategoryName` is used as fallback; otherwise, {nil} is returned. Note
that if `noCategoryFallback` is {nil} or omitted, it defaults to {false} if the project is the English Wikipedia,
otherwise to {true}. In other words, under normal circumstances, if the English Wikipedia article couldn't be retrieved,
the return value will fall back to a link to the language's category, but this won't normally happen for any other
project.
]==]
function Language:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
Language.getWikipediaArticle = require(language_like_module).getWikipediaArticle
return self:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
end
function Language:makeWikipediaLink()
return make_link(self, "w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle(), self:getCanonicalName())
end
--[==[
Return the name of the Wikimedia Commons category page for the language.
]==]
function Language:getCommonsCategory()
Language.getCommonsCategory = require(language_like_module).getCommonsCategory
return self:getCommonsCategory()
end
--[==[
Return the Wikidata item ID for the language or {nil}. This corresponds to the the second field in the data modules.
]==]
function Language:getWikidataItem()
Language.getWikidataItem = require(language_like_module).getWikidataItem
return self:getWikidataItem()
end
--[==[
Return a list of `Script` objects for all scripts that the language is written in. See [[Module:scripts]].
]==]
function Language:getScripts()
local scripts = self._scriptObjects
if scripts == nil then
local codes = self:getScriptCodes()
if codes[1] == "All" then
scripts = load_data(scripts_data_module)
else
scripts = {}
for i = 1, #codes do
scripts[i] = get_script(codes[i])
end
end
self._scriptObjects = scripts
end
return scripts
end
--[==[
Return the list of script codes in the language's data file.
]==]
function Language:getScriptCodes()
local scripts = self._scriptCodes
if scripts == nil then
scripts = self._data[4]
if scripts then
local codes, n = {}, 0
for code in gmatch(scripts, "[^,]+") do
n = n + 1
-- Special handling of "Hants", which represents "Hani", "Hant" and "Hans" collectively.
if code == "Hants" then
codes[n] = "Hani"
codes[n + 1] = "Hant"
codes[n + 2] = "Hans"
n = n + 2
else
codes[n] = code
end
end
scripts = codes
else
scripts = {"None"}
end
self._scriptCodes = scripts
end
return scripts
end
--[==[
Given some text, iterate through the scripts of a given language trying to find the script that best matches the text.
Return a {Script} object representing the script. If no match is found at all, it returns the {None} script object.
]==]
function Language:findBestScript(text, forceDetect)
if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then
return get_script("None")
end
-- Differs from table returned by getScriptCodes, as Hants is not normalized into its constituents.
local codes = self._bestScriptCodes
if codes == nil then
codes = self._data[4]
codes = codes and split(codes, ",", true, true) or {"None"}
self._bestScriptCodes = codes
end
local first_sc = codes[1]
if first_sc == "All" then
return find_best_script_without_lang(text)
end
local codes_len = #codes
if not (forceDetect or first_sc == "Hants" or codes_len > 1) then
first_sc = get_script(first_sc)
local charset = first_sc.characters
return charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") and first_sc or get_script("None")
end
-- Remove all formatting characters.
text = get_plaintext(text)
-- Remove all spaces and any ASCII punctuation. Some non-ASCII punctuation is script-specific, so can't be removed.
text = ugsub(text, "[%s!\"#%%&'()*,%-./:;?@[\\%]_{}]+", "")
if #text == 0 then
return get_script("None")
end
-- Try to match every script against the text,
-- and return the one with the most matching characters.
local bestcount, bestscript, length = 0
for i = 1, codes_len do
local sc = codes[i]
-- Special case for "Hants", which is a special code that represents whichever of "Hant" or "Hans" best matches,
-- or "Hani" if they match equally. This avoids having to list all three. In addition, "Hants" will be treated
-- as the best match if there is at least one matching character, under the assumption that a Han script is
-- desirable in terms that contain a mix of Han and other scripts (not counting those which use Jpan or Kore).
if sc == "Hants" then
local Hani = get_script("Hani")
if not Hant_chars then
Hant_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/ts")
Hans_chars = load_data("Module:zh/data/st")
end
local t, s, found = 0, 0
-- This is faster than using mw.ustring.gmatch directly.
for ch in gmatch((ugsub(text, "[" .. Hani.characters .. "]", "\255%0")), "\255(.[\128-\191]*)") do
found = true
if Hant_chars[ch] then
t = t + 1
if Hans_chars[ch] then
s = s + 1
end
elseif Hans_chars[ch] then
s = s + 1
else
t, s = t + 1, s + 1
end
end
if found then
if t == s then
return Hani
end
return get_script(t > s and "Hant" or "Hans")
end
else
sc = get_script(sc)
if not length then
length = ulen(text)
end
-- Count characters by removing everything in the script's charset and comparing to the original length.
local charset = sc.characters
local count = charset and length - ulen((ugsub(text, "[" .. charset .. "]+", ""))) or 0
if count >= length then
return sc
elseif count > bestcount then
bestcount = count
bestscript = sc
end
end
end
-- Return best matching script, or otherwise None.
return bestscript or get_script("None")
end
--[==[
Return a `Family` object for the language family that the language belongs to. See [[Module:families]].
]==]
function Language:getFamily()
local family = self._familyObject
if family == nil then
family = self:getFamilyCode()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = family and get_family(family) or false
self._familyObject = family
end
return family or nil
end
--[==[
Return the family code in the language's data file.
]==]
function Language:getFamilyCode()
local family = self._familyCode
if family == nil then
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = self._data[3] or false
self._familyCode = family
end
return family or nil
end
function Language:getFamilyName()
local family = self._familyName
if family == nil then
family = self:getFamily()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
family = family and family:getCanonicalName() or false
self._familyName = family
end
return family or nil
end
do
local function check_family(self, family)
if type(family) == "table" then
family = family:getCode()
end
if self:getFamilyCode() == family then
return true
end
local self_family = self:getFamily()
if self_family:inFamily(family) then
return true
-- If the family isn't a real family (e.g. creoles) check any ancestors.
elseif self_family:inFamily("qfa-not") then
local ancestors = self:getAncestors()
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
if ancestor:inFamily(family) then
return true
end
end
end
end
--[==[
Check whether the language belongs to `family` (which can be a family code or object). A list of objects can be given in
place of `family`; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families. Note that some
languages (in particular, certain creoles) can have multiple immediate ancestors potentially belonging to different
families; in that case, return true if the language belongs to any of the specified families.
]==]
function Language:inFamily(...)
if self:getFamilyCode() == nil then
return false
end
return check_inputs(self, check_family, false, ...)
end
end
function Language:getParent()
local parent = self._parentObject
if parent == nil then
parent = self:getParentCode()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = parent and get_by_code(parent, nil, true, true) or false
self._parentObject = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentCode()
local parent = self._parentCode
if parent == nil then
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = self._data.parent or false
self._parentCode = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentName()
local parent = self._parentName
if parent == nil then
parent = self:getParent()
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
parent = parent and parent:getCanonicalName() or false
self._parentName = parent
end
return parent or nil
end
function Language:getParentChain()
local chain = self._parentChain
if chain == nil then
chain = {}
local parent, n = self:getParent(), 0
while parent do
n = n + 1
chain[n] = parent
parent = parent:getParent()
end
self._parentChain = chain
end
return chain
end
--[==[
Return a list of the pseudo-families (if any) that a language belongs to. The returned value is a list of Family
objects. Pseudo-families are groupings of languages that are not clades but share some geographic, ethnic or other
characteristic (e.g. [[:Category:Papuan languages]], [[:Category:Jewish languages]]).
]==]
function Language:getPseudoFamilies()
self:loadInExtraData()
return require(language_like_module).getPseudoFamilies(self)
end
do
local function check_lang(self, lang)
for _, parent in ipairs(self:getParentChain()) do
if (type(lang) == "string" and lang or lang:getCode()) == parent:getCode() then
return true
end
end
end
function Language:hasParent(...)
return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...)
end
end
--[==[
If the language is etymology-only, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and the
corresponding object is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language.
]==]
function Language:getFull()
local full = self._fullObject
if full == nil then
full = self:getFullCode()
full = full == self._code and self or get_by_code(full)
self._fullObject = full
end
return full
end
--[==[
If the language is an etymology-only language, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and
the corresponding code is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language's code.
]==]
function Language:getFullCode()
return self._fullCode or self._code
end
--[==[
If the language is an etymology-only language, iterate through parents until a full language or family is found, and the
corresponding canonical name is returned. If the language is a full language, return that language's canonical name.
]==]
function Language:getFullName()
local full = self._fullName
if full == nil then
full = self:getFull():getCanonicalName()
self._fullName = full
end
return full
end
--[==[
Return a list of {Language} objects for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is
only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.
]==]
function Language:getAncestors()
local ancestors = self._ancestorObjects
if ancestors == nil then
ancestors = {}
local ancestor_codes = self:getAncestorCodes()
if #ancestor_codes > 0 then
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestor_codes) do
insert(ancestors, get_by_code(ancestor, nil, true))
end
else
local fam = self:getFamily()
local protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
-- For the cases where the current language is the proto-language
-- of its family, or an etymology-only language that is ancestral to that
-- proto-language, we need to step up a level higher right from the
-- start.
if protoLang and (
protoLang:getCode() == self._code or
(self:hasType("etymology-only") and protoLang:hasAncestor(self))
) then
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
while not protoLang and not (not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not") do
fam = fam:getFamily()
protoLang = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage() or nil
end
insert(ancestors, protoLang)
end
self._ancestorObjects = ancestors
end
return ancestors
end
do
-- Avoid a language being its own ancestor via class inheritance. We only need to check for this if the language has
-- inherited an ancestor table from its parent, because we never want to drop ancestors that have been explicitly
-- set in the data. Recursively iterate over ancestors until we either find self or run out. If self is found,
-- return true.
local function check_ancestor(self, lang)
local codes = lang:getAncestorCodes()
if not codes then
return nil
end
for i = 1, #codes do
local code = codes[i]
if code == self._code then
return true
end
local anc = get_by_code(code, nil, true)
if check_ancestor(self, anc) then
return true
end
end
end
--[==[
Return a list of `Language` codes for all languages that this language is directly descended from. Generally this is
only a single language, but creoles, pidgins and mixed languages can have multiple ancestors.
]==]
function Language:getAncestorCodes()
if self._ancestorCodes then
return self._ancestorCodes
end
local data = self._data
local codes = data.ancestors
if codes == nil then
codes = {}
self._ancestorCodes = codes
return codes
end
codes = split(codes, ",", true, true)
self._ancestorCodes = codes
-- If there are no codes or the ancestors weren't inherited data, there's nothing left to check.
if #codes == 0 or self:getData(false, "raw").ancestors ~= nil then
return codes
end
local i = 1
while i <= #codes do
if check_ancestor(self, self) then
remove(codes, i)
else
i = i + 1
end
end
return codes
end
end
--[==[
Given a list of language objects or codes, return true if at least one of them is an ancestor. This includes any
etymology-only children of that ancestor. If the language's ancestor(s) are etymology-only languages, it will also
return true for those language parent(s) (e.g. if Vulgar Latin is the ancestor, it will also return true for its parent,
Latin). However, a parent is excluded from this if the ancestor is also ancestral to that parent (e.g. if Classical
Persian is the ancestor, Persian would return {false}, because Classical Persian is also ancestral to Persian).
]==]
function Language:hasAncestor(...)
local function iterateOverAncestorTree(node, func, parent_check)
local ancestors = node:getAncestors()
local ancestorsParents = {}
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
-- When checking the parents of the other language, and the ancestor is also a parent, skip to the next
-- ancestor, so that we exclude any etymology-only children of that parent that are not directly related
-- (see below).
local ret = (parent_check or not node:hasParent(ancestor)) and
func(ancestor) or iterateOverAncestorTree(ancestor, func, parent_check)
if ret then
return ret
end
end
-- Check the parents of any ancestors. We don't do this if checking the parents of the other language, so that
-- we exclude any etymology-only children of those parents that are not directly related (e.g. if the ancestor
-- is Vulgar Latin and we are checking New Latin, we want it to return false because they are on different
-- ancestral branches. As such, if we're already checking the parent of New Latin (Latin) we don't want to
-- compare it to the parent of the ancestor (Latin), as this would be a false positive; it should be one or the
-- other).
if not parent_check then
return nil
end
for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do
local ancestorParents = ancestor:getParentChain()
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorParents) do
if ancestorParent:getCode() == self._code or ancestorParent:hasAncestor(ancestor) then
break
else
insert(ancestorsParents, ancestorParent)
end
end
end
for _, ancestorParent in ipairs(ancestorsParents) do
local ret = func(ancestorParent)
if ret then
return ret
end
end
end
local function do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
-- otherlang can't be self
if (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode()) == self._code then
return false
end
repeat
if iterateOverAncestorTree(
self,
function(ancestor)
return ancestor:getCode() == (type(otherlang) == "string" and otherlang or otherlang:getCode())
end,
parent_check
) then
return true
elseif type(otherlang) == "string" then
otherlang = get_by_code(otherlang, nil, true)
end
otherlang = otherlang:getParent()
parent_check = false
until not otherlang
end
local parent_check = true
for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do
local ret = do_iteration(otherlang, parent_check)
if ret then
return true
end
end
return false
end
do
local function construct_node(lang, memo)
local branch, ancestors = {lang = lang:getCode()}
memo[lang:getCode()] = branch
for _, ancestor in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do
if ancestors == nil then
ancestors = {}
end
insert(ancestors, memo[ancestor:getCode()] or construct_node(ancestor, memo))
end
branch.ancestors = ancestors
return branch
end
function Language:getAncestorChain()
local chain = self._ancestorChain
if chain == nil then
chain = construct_node(self, {})
self._ancestorChain = chain
end
return chain
end
end
function Language:getAncestorChainOld()
local chain = self._ancestorChain
if chain == nil then
chain = {}
local step = self
while true do
local ancestors = step:getAncestors()
step = #ancestors == 1 and ancestors[1] or nil
if not step then
break
end
insert(chain, step)
end
self._ancestorChain = chain
end
return chain
end
local function fetch_descendants(self, fmt)
local descendants, family = {}, self:getFamily()
-- Iterate over all three datasets.
for _, data in ipairs{
require("Module:languages/code to canonical name"),
require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name"),
require("Module:families/code to canonical name"),
} do
for code in pairs(data) do
local lang = get_by_code(code, nil, true, true)
if not lang then
error(("Internal error: code '%s' can't be fetched"):format(code))
end
-- Test for a descendant. Earlier tests weed out most candidates, while the more intensive tests are only used sparingly.
if (
code ~= self._code and -- Not self.
lang:inFamily(family) and -- In the same family.
(
family:getProtoLanguageCode() == self._code or -- Self is the protolanguage.
self:hasDescendant(lang) or -- Full hasDescendant check.
(lang:getFullCode() == self._code and not self:hasAncestor(lang)) -- Etymology-only child which isn't an ancestor.
)
) then
if fmt == "object" then
insert(descendants, lang)
elseif fmt == "code" then
insert(descendants, code)
elseif fmt == "name" then
insert(descendants, lang:getCanonicalName())
end
end
end
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendants()
local descendants = self._descendantObjects
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "object")
self._descendantObjects = descendants
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendantCodes()
local descendants = self._descendantCodes
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "code")
self._descendantCodes = descendants
end
return descendants
end
function Language:getDescendantNames()
local descendants = self._descendantNames
if descendants == nil then
descendants = fetch_descendants(self, "name")
self._descendantNames = descendants
end
return descendants
end
do
local function check_lang(self, lang)
if type(lang) == "string" then
lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true)
end
if lang:hasAncestor(self) then
return true
end
end
function Language:hasDescendant(...)
return check_inputs(self, check_lang, false, ...)
end
end
local function fetch_children(self, fmt)
local m_etym_data = require(etymology_languages_data_module)
local self_code, children = self._code, {}
for code, lang in pairs(m_etym_data) do
local _lang = lang
repeat
local parent = _lang.parent
if parent == self_code then
if fmt == "object" then
insert(children, get_by_code(code, nil, true))
elseif fmt == "code" then
insert(children, code)
elseif fmt == "name" then
insert(children, lang[1])
end
break
end
_lang = m_etym_data[parent]
until not _lang
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildren()
local children = self._childObjects
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "object")
self._childObjects = children
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildrenCodes()
local children = self._childCodes
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "code")
self._childCodes = children
end
return children
end
function Language:getChildrenNames()
local children = self._childNames
if children == nil then
children = fetch_children(self, "name")
self._childNames = children
end
return children
end
function Language:hasChild(...)
local lang = ...
if not lang then
return false
elseif type(lang) == "string" then
lang = get_by_code(lang, nil, true)
end
if lang:hasParent(self) then
return true
end
return self:hasChild(select(2, ...))
end
--[==[
Return the name of the main category of that language. Example: {French language"} for French, whose category is at
[[:Category:French language]]. Unless optional argument `nocap` is given, the language name at the beginning of the
returned value will be capitalized. This capitalization is correct for category names, but not if the language name is
lowercase and the returned value of this function is used in the middle of a sentence.
]==]
function Language:getCategoryName(nocap)
local name = self._categoryName
if name == nil then
-- l10n: 分類名就是語言名,不加「 language」
name = self:getCanonicalName()
self._categoryName = name
end
if nocap then
return name
end
return mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(name)
end
--[==[
Create a link to the category; the link text is the canonical name.
]==]
function Language:makeCategoryLink()
return make_link(self, ":Category:" .. self:getCategoryName(), self:getDisplayForm())
end
function Language:getStandardCharacters(sc)
local standard_chars = self._data.standard_chars
if type(standard_chars) ~= "table" then
return standard_chars
elseif sc and type(sc) ~= "string" then
check_object("script", nil, sc)
sc = sc:getCode()
end
if (not sc) or sc == "None" then
local scripts = {}
for _, script in pairs(standard_chars) do
insert(scripts, script)
end
return concat(scripts)
end
if standard_chars[sc] then
return standard_chars[sc] .. (standard_chars[1] or "")
end
end
--[==[
Strip diacritics from display text `text` (in a language-specific fashion), which is in the script `sc`. If `sc` is
omitted or {nil}, the script is autodetected. This also strips certain punctuation characters from the end and (in the
case of Spanish upside-down question mark and exclamation points) from the beginning; strips any whitespace at the
end of the text or between the text and final stripped punctuation characters; and applies some language-specific
Unicode normalizations to replace discouraged characters with their prescribed alternatives. Return the stripped text.
]==]
function Language:stripDiacritics(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
-- FIXME, rename makeEntryName to stripDiacritics and get rid of second and third return values
-- everywhere
local _
text, _, _ = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil,
self._data.strip_diacritics or self._data.entry_name, "strip_diacritics", "stripDiacritics")
text = umatch(text, "^[¿¡]?(.-[^%s%p].-)%s*[؟?!;՛՜ ՞ ՟?!︖︕।॥။၊་།]?$") or text
return text
end
--[==[
Convert a ''logical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears to the user, after diacritics and punctuation have been
stripped) to a ''physical'' pagename (the pagename as it appears in the MediaWiki database). Reasons for a difference
between the two are (a) unsupported titles such as `[ ]` (with square brackets in them), `#` (pound/hash sign) and
`¯\_(ツ)_/¯` (with underscores), as well as overly long titles of various sorts; (b) "mammoth" pages that are split into
parts (e.g. `a`, which is split into physical pagenames `a/languages A to L` and `a/languages M to Z`). For almost all
purposes, you should work with logical and not physical pagenames. But there are certain use cases that require physical
pagenames, such as checking the existence of a page or retrieving a page's contents.
`pagename` is the logical pagename to be converted. `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` indicates whether the page is in the
`Reconstruction` or `Appendix` namespaces. If it is omitted or has the value {nil}, the pagename is checked for an
initial asterisk, and if found, the page is assumed to be a `Reconstruction` page. Setting a value of `false` or `true`
to `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` disables this check and allows for mainspace pagenames that begin with an asterisk.
]==]
function Language:logicalToPhysical(pagename, is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
-- FIXME: This probably shouldn't happen but it happens when makeEntryName() receives nil.
if pagename == nil then
track("nil-passed-to-logicalToPhysical")
return nil
end
local initial_asterisk
if is_reconstructed_or_appendix == nil then
local pagename_minus_initial_asterisk
initial_asterisk, pagename_minus_initial_asterisk = pagename:match("^(%*)(.*)$")
if pagename_minus_initial_asterisk then
is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true
pagename = pagename_minus_initial_asterisk
elseif self:hasType("appendix-constructed") then
is_reconstructed_or_appendix = true
end
end
if not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then
-- Check if the pagename is a listed unsupported title.
local unsupportedTitles = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_titles
if unsupportedTitles[pagename] then
return "不支援的頁面名稱/" .. unsupportedTitles[pagename]
end
end
-- Set `unsupported` as true if certain conditions are met.
local unsupported
-- Check if there's an unsupported character. \239\191\189 is the replacement character U+FFFD, which can't be typed
-- directly here due to an abuse filter. Unix-style dot-slash notation is also unsupported, as it is used for
-- relative paths in links, as are 3 or more consecutive tildes. Note: match is faster with magic
-- characters/charsets; find is faster with plaintext.
if (
match(pagename, "[#<>%[%]_{|}]") or
find(pagename, "\239\191\189") or
match(pagename, "%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]") or
find(pagename, "~~~")
) then
unsupported = true
-- If it looks like an interwiki link.
elseif find(pagename, ":") then
local prefix = gsub(pagename, "^:*(.-):.*", ulower)
if (
load_data("Module:data/namespaces")[prefix] or
load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix]
) then
unsupported = true
end
end
-- Escape unsupported characters so they can be used in titles. ` is used as a delimiter for this, so a raw use of
-- it in an unsupported title is also escaped here to prevent interference; this is only done with unsupported
-- titles, though, so inclusion won't in itself mean a title is treated as unsupported (which is why it's excluded
-- from the earlier test).
if unsupported then
-- FIXME: This conversion needs to be different for reconstructed pages with unsupported characters. There
-- aren't any currently, but if there ever are, we need to fix this e.g. to put them in something like
-- Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Unsupported titles/`lowbar``num`.
local unsupported_characters = load_data(links_data_module).unsupported_characters
pagename = pagename:gsub("[#<>%[%]_`{|}\239]\191?\189?", unsupported_characters)
:gsub("%f[^%z/]%.%.?%f[%z/]", function(m)
return (gsub(m, "%.", "`period`"))
end)
:gsub("~~~+", function(m)
return (gsub(m, "~", "`tilde`"))
end)
pagename = "不支援的頁面名稱/" .. pagename
elseif not is_reconstructed_or_appendix then
-- Check if this is a mammoth page. If so, which subpage should we link to?
local m_links_data = load_data(links_data_module)
local mammoth_page_type = m_links_data.mammoth_pages[pagename]
if mammoth_page_type then
local canonical_name = self:getFullName()
if canonical_name ~= "Translingual" and canonical_name ~= "English" then
local this_subpage
local L2_sort_key = get_L2_sort_key(canonical_name)
for _, subpage_spec in ipairs(m_links_data.mammoth_page_subpage_types[mammoth_page_type]) do
-- unpack() fails utterly on data loaded using mw.loadData() even if offsets are given
local subpage, pattern = subpage_spec[1], subpage_spec[2]
if pattern == true or L2_sort_key:match(pattern) then
this_subpage = subpage
break
end
end
if not this_subpage then
error(("Internal error: Bad data in mammoth_page_subpage_pages in [[Module:links/data]] for mammoth page %s, type %s; last entry didn't have 'true' in it"):format(
pagename, mammoth_page_type))
end
pagename = pagename .. "/" .. this_subpage
end
end
end
return (initial_asterisk or "") .. pagename
end
--[==[
Strip the diacritics from a display pagename and convert the resulting logical pagename into a physical pagename.
This allows you, for example, to retrieve the contents of the page or check its existence. WARNING: This is deprecated
and will be going away. It is a simple composition of `##Language:stripDiacritics` and `##Language:logicalToPhysical`;
most callers only want the former, and if you need both, call them both yourself.
`text` and `sc` are as in `##Language:stripDiacritics`, and `is_reconstructed_or_appendix` is as in
`##Language:logicalToPhysical`.
]==]
function Language:makeEntryName(text, sc, is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
track("makeEntryName called")
return self:logicalToPhysical(self:stripDiacritics(text, sc), is_reconstructed_or_appendix)
end
--[==[
Generate term alternants (e.g. simplified versions of traditional Chinese terms) using a language-specific method, and
return them as a table. If the language provides no method for generating alternants, return a table containing only the
input term.
]==]
function Language:generateAlternants(text, sc)
local generate_alternants = self._data.generate_alternants
if generate_alternants == nil then
return {text}
end
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
return require("Module:" .. generate_alternants).generateAlternants(text, self, sc)
end
--[==[
Create a sort key for the given stripped text, following the rules appropriate for the language. This removes
diacritical marks from the stripped text if they are not considered significant for sorting, and may perform some other
changes. Any initial hyphen is also removed, and anything in parentheses is removed as well. The `sort_key` setting for
each language in the data modules defines the replacements made by this function, or it gives the name of the module
that takes the stripped text and returns a sortkey.
]==]
function Language:makeSortKey(text, sc)
if (not text) or text == "" then
return text
end
if match(text, "<[^<>]+>") then
track("track HTML tag")
end
-- Remove directionality/control characters, bold, italics, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags.
-- FIXME: Partly duplicated with remove_formatting() in [[Module:links]].
text = ugsub(text, "[\194\173\216\156\226\128\142\226\128\143\226\128\170-\226\128\174\226\129\166-\226\129\175]", "")
text = text:gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2"):gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2")
text = gsub(unstrip(text), "<[^<>]+>", "")
text = decode_uri(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
-- Remove initial hyphens and * unless the term only consists of spacing + punctuation characters.
text = ugsub(text, "^([-]*)[-־ـ᠊*]+([-]*)(.*[^%s%p].*)", "%1%2%3")
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- For languages with dotted dotless i, ensure that "İ" is sorted as "i", and "I" is sorted as "ı".
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() then
text = gsub(text, "I\204\135", "i") -- decomposed "İ"
:gsub("I", "ı")
text = sc:toFixedNFD(text)
end
-- Convert to lowercase, make the sortkey, then convert to uppercase. Where the language has dotted dotless i, it is
-- usually not necessary to convert "i" to "İ" and "ı" to "I" first, because "I" will always be interpreted as
-- conventional "I" (not dotless "İ") by any sorting algorithms, which will have been taken into account by the
-- sortkey substitutions themselves. However, if no sortkey substitutions have been specified, then conversion is
-- necessary so as to prevent "i" and "ı" both being sorted as "I".
--
-- An exception is made for scripts that (sometimes) sort by scraping page content, as that means they are sensitive
-- to changes in capitalization (as it changes the target page).
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
text = ulower(text)
end
local actual_substitution_data, _
-- Don't trim whitespace here because it's significant at the beginning of a sort key or sort base.
text, _, actual_substitution_data = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, nil, nil,
self._data.sort_key, "sort_key", "makeSortKey", "notrim")
if not sc:sortByScraping() then
if self:hasDottedDotlessI() and not actual_substitution_data then
text = text:gsub("ı", "I"):gsub("i", "İ")
text = sc:toFixedNFC(text)
end
text = uupper(text)
end
-- Remove parentheses, as long as they are either preceded or followed by something.
text = gsub(text, "(.)[()]+", "%1"):gsub("[()]+(.)", "%1")
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return text
end
--[==[
Create the form used as as a basis for display text and transliteration. FIXME: Rename to correctInputText().
]==]
local function processDisplayText(text, self, sc, keepCarets, keepPrefixes)
local subbedChars = {}
text, subbedChars = doTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars, keepCarets)
text = decode_uri(text, "PATH")
text = checkNoEntities(text)
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
text = normalize(text, sc)
text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, keepCarets, self._data.display_text,
"display_text", "makeDisplayText")
text = removeCarets(text, sc)
-- Remove any interwiki link prefixes (unless they have been escaped or this has been disabled).
if find(text, ":") and not keepPrefixes then
local rep
repeat
text, rep = gsub(text, "\\\\(\\*:)", "\3%1")
until rep == 0
text = gsub(text, "\\:", "\4")
while true do
local prefix = gsub(text, "^(.-):.+", function(m1)
return (gsub(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*", ""))
end)
-- Check if the prefix is an interwiki, though ignore capitalised Wiktionary:, which is a namespace.
if not prefix or prefix == text or prefix == "Wiktionary"
or not (load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[ulower(prefix)] or prefix == "") then
break
end
text = gsub(text, "^(.-):(.*)", function(m1, m2)
local ret = {}
for subbedChar in gmatch(m1, "\244[\128-\191]*") do
insert(ret, subbedChar)
end
return concat(ret) .. m2
end)
end
text = gsub(text, "\3", "\\"):gsub("\4", ":")
end
return text, subbedChars
end
--[==[
Make the display text (i.e. what is displayed on the page).
]==]
function Language:makeDisplayText(text, sc, keepPrefixes)
if not text or text == "" then
return text
end
local subbedChars
text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, nil, keepPrefixes)
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
return undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
end
--[==[
Transliterate the text from the given script into Latin script (see [[Wiktionary:Transliteration and romanization]]).
The language must have the `translit` property for this to work; if it is not present, {nil} is returned.
The `sc` parameter is handled by the transliteration module, and how it is handled is specific to that module. Some
transliteration modules may tolerate {nil} as the script, others require it to be one of the possible scripts that the
module can transliterate, and will throw an error if it's not one of them. For this reason, the `sc` parameter should
always be provided when writing non-language-specific code.
The `module_override` parameter is used to override the default module that is used to provide the transliteration.
This is useful in cases where you need to demonstrate a particular module in use, but there is no default module yet,
or you want to demonstrate an alternative version of a transliteration module before making it official. It should not
be used in real modules or templates, only for testing. All uses of this parameter are tracked by
[[Wiktionary:Tracking/languages/module_override]].
'''Known bugs''':
* This function assumes {tr(s1) .. tr(s2) == tr(s1 .. s2)}. When this assertion fails, wikitext markups like
<nowiki>'''</nowiki> can cause wrong transliterations.
* HTML entities like `&apos;`, often used to escape wikitext markups, do not work.
]==]
function Language:transliterate(text, sc, module_override)
-- If there is no text, or the language doesn't have transliteration data and there's no override, return nil.
if not text or text == "" or text == "-" then
return text
end
-- If the script is not transliteratable (and no override is given), return nil.
sc = checkScript(text, self, sc)
if not (sc:isTransliterated() or module_override) then
-- temporary tracking to see if/when this gets triggered
track("non-transliterable")
track("non-transliterable/" .. self._code)
track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode())
track("non-transliterable/" .. sc:getCode() .. "/" .. self._code)
return nil
end
-- Remove any strip markers.
text = unstrip(text)
-- Do not process the formatting into PUA characters for certain languages.
local processed = load_data(languages_data_module).substitution[self._code] ~= "none"
-- Get the display text with the keepCarets flag set.
local subbedChars
if processed then
text, subbedChars = processDisplayText(text, self, sc, true)
end
-- Transliterate (using the module override if applicable).
text, subbedChars = iterateSectionSubstitutions(self, text, sc, subbedChars, true, module_override or
self._data.translit, "translit", "tr")
if not text then
return nil
end
-- Incomplete transliterations return nil.
local charset = sc.characters
if charset and umatch(text, "[" .. charset .. "]") then
-- Remove any characters in Latin, which includes Latin characters also included in other scripts (as these are
-- false positives), as well as any PUA substitutions. Anything remaining should only be script code "None"
-- (e.g. numerals).
local check_text = ugsub(text, "[" .. get_script("Latn").characters .. "-]+", "")
-- Set none_is_last_resort_only flag, so that any non-None chars will cause a script other than "None" to be
-- returned.
if find_best_script_without_lang(check_text, true):getCode() ~= "None" then
return nil
end
end
if processed then
text = escape_risky_characters(text)
text = undoTempSubstitutions(text, subbedChars)
end
-- If the script does not use capitalization, then capitalize any letters of the transliteration which are
-- immediately preceded by a caret (and remove the caret).
if text and not sc:hasCapitalization() and text:find("^", 1, true) then
text = processCarets(text, "%^([\128-\191\244]*%*?)([^\128-\191\244][\128-\191]*)", function(m1, m2)
return m1 .. uupper(m2)
end)
end
-- Track module overrides.
if module_override ~= nil then
track("module_override")
end
return text
end
do
local function handle_language_spec(self, spec, sc)
local ret = self["_" .. spec]
if ret == nil then
ret = self._data[spec]
if type(ret) == "string" then
ret = list_to_set(split(ret, ",", true, true))
end
self["_" .. spec] = ret
end
if type(ret) == "table" then
ret = ret[sc:getCode()]
end
return not not ret
end
function Language:overrideManualTranslit(sc)
return handle_language_spec(self, "override_translit", sc)
end
function Language:link_tr(sc)
return handle_language_spec(self, "link_tr", sc)
end
end
--[==[
Return {true} if the language has a transliteration module, or {false} if it doesn't.
]==]
function Language:hasTranslit()
return not not self._data.translit
end
--[==[
Return {true} if the language uses the letters I/ı and İ/i, or {false} if it doesn't.]==]
function Language:hasDottedDotlessI()
return not not self._data.dotted_dotless_i
end
function Language:toJSON(opts)
local strip_diacritics, strip_diacritics_patterns, strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = self._data.strip_diacritics
if strip_diacritics then
if strip_diacritics.from then
strip_diacritics_patterns = {}
for i, from in ipairs(strip_diacritics.from) do
insert(strip_diacritics_patterns, {from = from, to = strip_diacritics.to[i] or ""})
end
end
strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics = strip_diacritics.remove_diacritics
end
-- mainCode should only end up non-nil if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
-- props should either contain zero-argument functions to compute the value, or the value itself.
local props = {
ancestors = function() return self:getAncestorCodes() end,
canonicalName = function() return self:getCanonicalName() end,
categoryName = function() return self:getCategoryName("nocap") end,
code = self._code,
mainCode = self._mainCode,
parent = function() return self:getParentCode() end,
full = function() return self:getFullCode() end,
stripDiacriticsPatterns = strip_diacritics_patterns,
stripDiacriticsRemoveDiacritics = strip_diacritics_remove_diacritics,
family = function() return self:getFamilyCode() end,
aliases = function() return self:getAliases() end,
varieties = function() return self:getVarieties() end,
otherNames = function() return self:getOtherNames() end,
pseudoFamilies = function() return self:getPseudoFamilies() end,
scripts = function() return self:getScriptCodes() end,
type = function() return keys_to_list(self:getTypes()) end,
wikimediaLanguages = function() return self:getWikimediaLanguageCodes() end,
wikidataItem = function() return self:getWikidataItem() end,
wikipediaArticle = function() return self:getWikipediaArticle(true) end,
}
local ret = {}
for prop, val in pairs(props) do
if not opts.skip_fields or not opts.skip_fields[prop] then
if type(val) == "function" then
ret[prop] = val()
else
ret[prop] = val
end
end
end
-- Use `deep_copy` when returning a table, so that there are no editing restrictions imposed by `mw.loadData`.
return opts and opts.lua_table and deep_copy(ret) or to_json(ret, opts)
end
function export.getDataModuleName(code)
local letter = match(code, "^(%l)%l%l?$")
return "Module:" .. (
letter == nil and "languages/data/exceptional" or
#code == 2 and "languages/data/2" or
"languages/data/3/" .. letter
)
end
get_data_module_name = export.getDataModuleName
function export.getExtraDataModuleName(code)
return get_data_module_name(code) .. "/extra"
end
get_extra_data_module_name = export.getExtraDataModuleName
do
local function make_stack(data)
local key_types = {
[2] = "unique",
aliases = "unique",
other_names = "unique",
type = "append",
varieties = "unique",
wikipedia_article = "unique",
wikimedia_codes = "unique"
}
local function __index(self, k)
local stack, key_type = getmetatable(self), key_types[k]
-- Data that isn't inherited from the parent.
if key_type == "unique" then
local v = stack[stack[make_stack]][k]
if v == nil then
local layer = stack[0]
if layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
v = layer[k]
end
end
return v
-- Data that is appended by each generation.
elseif key_type == "append" then
local parts, offset, n = {}, 0, stack[make_stack]
for i = 1, n do
local part = stack[i][k]
if part == nil then
offset = offset + 1
else
parts[i - offset] = part
end
end
return offset ~= n and concat(parts, ",") or nil
end
local n = stack[make_stack]
while true do
local layer = stack[n]
if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
return nil
end
local v = layer[k]
if v ~= nil then
return v
end
n = n - 1
end
end
local function __newindex()
error("table is read-only")
end
local function __pairs(self)
-- Iterate down the stack, caching keys to avoid duplicate returns.
local stack, seen = getmetatable(self), {}
local n = stack[make_stack]
local iter, state, k, v = pairs(stack[n])
return function()
repeat
repeat
k = iter(state, k)
if k == nil then
n = n - 1
local layer = stack[n]
if not layer then -- Could be false if there's no extra data.
return nil
end
iter, state, k = pairs(layer)
end
until not (k == nil or seen[k])
-- Get the value via a lookup, as the one returned by the
-- iterator will be the raw value from the current layer,
-- which may not be the one __index will return for that
-- key. Also memoize the key in `seen` (even if the lookup
-- returns nil) so that it doesn't get looked up again.
-- TODO: store values in `self`, avoiding the need to create
-- the `seen` table. The iterator will need to iterate over
-- `self` with `next` first to find these on future loops.
v, seen[k] = self[k], true
until v ~= nil
return k, v
end
end
local __ipairs = require(table_module).indexIpairs
function make_stack(data)
local stack = {
data,
[make_stack] = 1, -- stores the length and acts as a sentinel to confirm a given metatable is a stack.
__index = __index,
__newindex = __newindex,
__pairs = __pairs,
__ipairs = __ipairs,
}
stack.__metatable = stack
return setmetatable({}, stack), stack
end
return make_stack(data)
end
local function get_stack(data)
local stack = getmetatable(data)
return stack and type(stack) == "table" and stack[make_stack] and stack or nil
end
--[==[
<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red,#BA0000)">This function is not for use in entries or other content pages.</span>
Return a blob of data about the language. The format of this blob is undocumented, and perhaps unstable; it's intended
for things like the module's own unit-tests, which are "close friends" with the module and will be kept up-to-date as
the format changes. If `extra` is set, any extra data in the relevant `/extra` module will be included. (Note that it
will be included anyway if it has already been loaded into the language object.) If `raw` is set, then the returned data
will not contain any data inherited from parent objects.
-- Do NOT use these methods!
-- All uses should be pre-approved on the talk page!
]==]
function Language:getData(extra, raw)
if extra then
self:loadInExtraData()
end
local data = self._data
-- If raw is not set, just return the data.
if not raw then
return data
end
local stack = get_stack(data)
-- If there isn't a stack or its length is 1, return the data. Extra data (if any) will be included, as it's
-- stored at key 0 and doesn't affect the reported length.
if stack == nil then
return data
end
local n = stack[make_stack]
if n == 1 then
return data
end
extra = stack[0]
-- If there isn't any extra data, return the top layer of the stack.
if extra == nil then
return stack[n]
end
-- If there is, return a new stack which has the top layer at key 1 and the extra data at key 0.
data, stack = make_stack(stack[n])
stack[0] = extra
return data
end
function Language:loadInExtraData()
-- Only full languages have extra data.
if not self:hasType("language", "full") then
return
end
local data = self._data
-- If there's no stack, create one.
local stack = get_stack(self._data)
if stack == nil then
data, stack = make_stack(data)
-- If already loaded, return.
elseif stack[0] ~= nil then
return
end
self._data = data
-- Load extra data from the relevant module and add it to the stack at key 0, so that the __index and __pairs
-- metamethods will pick it up, since they iterate down the stack until they run out of layers.
local code = self._code
local modulename = get_extra_data_module_name(code)
-- No data cached as false.
stack[0] = modulename and load_data(modulename)[code] or false
end
--[==[
Return the name of the module containing the language's data, e.g. [[Module:languages/data/3/k]] for three-letter codes
beginning with `k`.
]==]
function Language:getDataModuleName()
local name = self._dataModuleName
if name == nil then
name = self:hasType("etymology-only") and etymology_languages_data_module or
get_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code)
self._dataModuleName = name
end
return name
end
--[==[
Return the name of the module containing the language's extra data, e.g. [[Module:languages/data/3/k/extra]] for
three-letter codes beginning with `k`.
]==]
function Language:getExtraDataModuleName()
local name = self._extraDataModuleName
if name == nil then
name = not self:hasType("etymology-only") and get_extra_data_module_name(self._mainCode or self._code) or false
self._extraDataModuleName = name
end
return name or nil
end
function export.makeObject(code, data, dontCanonicalizeAliases)
local data_type = type(data)
if data_type ~= "table" then
error(("bad argument #2 to 'makeObject' (table expected, got %s)"):format(data_type))
end
-- Convert any aliases.
local input_code = code
code = normalize_code(code)
input_code = dontCanonicalizeAliases and input_code or code
local parent
if data.parent then
parent = get_by_code(data.parent, nil, true, true)
else
parent = Language
end
parent.__index = parent
local lang = {_code = input_code}
-- This can only happen if dontCanonicalizeAliases is passed to make_object().
if code ~= input_code then
lang._mainCode = code
end
local parent_data = parent._data
if parent_data == nil then
-- Full code is the same as the code.
lang._fullCode = parent._code or code
else
-- Copy full code.
lang._fullCode = parent._fullCode
local stack = get_stack(parent_data)
if stack == nil then
parent_data, stack = make_stack(parent_data)
end
-- Insert the input data as the new top layer of the stack.
local n = stack[make_stack] + 1
data, stack[n], stack[make_stack] = parent_data, data, n
end
lang._data = data
return setmetatable(lang, parent)
end
make_object = export.makeObject
end
--[==[
Find the language whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, return a `Language` object representing the
language. Otherwise, return {nil}, unless `paramForError` is given, in which case an error is generated. If
`paramForError` is {true}, a generic error message mentioning the bad code is generated; otherwise `paramForError`
should be a string or number specifying the parameter that the code came from, and this parameter will be mentioned
in the error message along with the bad code. If `allowEtymLang` is specified, etymology-only language codes are allowed
and looked up along with full language codes. If `allowFamily` is specified, language family codes are allowed and
looked up along with normal language codes.
]==]
function export.getByCode(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
-- [[ Track uses of paramForError, ultimately so it can be removed, as error-handling should be done by
-- [[Module:parameters]], not here. ]] -- I (Benwing) disagree; that is an idealistic goal unlikely to be achievable
-- realistically.
if paramForError ~= nil then
track("paramForError")
end
if type(code) ~= "string" then
local typ
if not code then
typ = "nil"
elseif check_object("language", true, code) then
typ = "a language object"
elseif check_object("family", true, code) then
typ = "a family object"
else
typ = "a " .. type(code)
end
error("The function getByCode expects a string as its first argument, but received " .. typ .. ".")
end
local m_data = load_data(languages_data_module)
if m_data.aliases[code] or m_data.track[code] then
track(code)
end
local norm_code = normalize_code(code)
-- Get the data, checking for etymology-only languages if allowEtymLang is set.
local data = load_data(get_data_module_name(norm_code))[norm_code] or
allowEtymLang and load_data(etymology_languages_data_module)[norm_code]
-- If no data was found and allowFamily is set, check the family data. If the main family data was found, make the
-- object with [[Module:families]] instead, as family objects have different methods. However, if it's an
-- etymology-only family, use make_object in this module (which handles object inheritance), and the
-- family-specific methods will be inherited from the parent object.
if data == nil and allowFamily then
data = load_data("Module:families/data")[norm_code]
if data ~= nil then
if data.parent == nil then
return make_family_object(norm_code, data)
elseif not allowEtymLang then
data = nil
end
end
end
local retval = code and data and make_object(code, data)
if not retval and paramForError then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").code(code, paramForError, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
get_by_code = export.getByCode
--[==[
Find the language whose canonical name (the name used to represent that language on Wiktionary) or other name matches
the one provided. If it exists, return a `Language` object representing the language. Otherwise, return {nil}, unless
`paramForError` is given, in which case an error is generated. If `allowEtymLang` is specified, etymology-only language
codes are allowed and looked up along with full language codes. If `allowFamily` is specified, language family codes are
allowed and looked up along with normal language codes. The canonical name of languages should always be unique (it is
an error for two languages on Wiktionary to share the same canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one
result. This function is powered by [[Module:languages/canonical names]], which contains a pre-generated mapping of
full-language canonical names to codes. It is generated by going through the [[:Category:Language data modules]] for
full languages. When `allowEtymLang` is specified for the above function, [[Module:etymology languages/canonical names]]
may also be used, and when `allowFamily` is specified for the above function, [[Module:families/canonical names]] may
also be used.
]==]
function export.getByCanonicalName(name, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
local byName = load_data("Module:languages/canonical names")
local code = byName and byName[name]
if not code and allowEtymLang then
byName = load_data("Module:etymology languages/canonical names")
code = byName and byName[name] or
byName[gsub(name, " [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
byName[gsub(name, "^a ", "")] or
byName[gsub(name, "^a ", ""):gsub(" [Ss]ubstrate$", "")] or
-- For etymology families like "ira-pro".
-- FIXME: This is not ideal, as it allows " languages" to be appended to any etymology-only language, too.
byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")]
end
if not code and allowFamily then
byName = load_data("Module:families/canonical names")
code = byName[name] or byName[match(name, "^(.*) languages$")]
end
local retval = code and get_by_code(code, errorIfInvalid, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
if not retval and errorIfInvalid then
require("Module:languages/errorGetBy").canonicalName(name, allowEtymLang, allowFamily)
end
return retval
end
--[==[
Used by [[Module:languages/data/2]] (et al.) and [[Module:etymology languages/data]], [[Module:families/data]],
[[Module:scripts/data]] and [[Module:writing systems/data]] to finalize the data into the format that is actually returned.
]==]
function export.finalizeData(data, main_type, variety)
local fields = {"type"}
if main_type == "language" then
insert(fields, 4) -- script codes
insert(fields, "ancestors")
insert(fields, "link_tr")
insert(fields, "override_translit")
insert(fields, "wikimedia_codes")
elseif main_type == "script" then
insert(fields, 3) -- writing system codes
end -- Families and writing systems have no extra fields to process.
local fields_len = #fields
for _, entity in next, data do
if variety then
-- Move parent from 3 to "parent" and family from "family" to 3. These are different for the sake of
-- convenience, since very few varieties have the family specified, whereas all of them have a parent.
entity.parent, entity[3] = entity[3], entity.family
entity.family = nil
-- Give the type "regular" iff not a variety and no other types are assigned.
elseif not (entity.type or entity.parent) then
entity.type = "regular"
end
for i = 1, fields_len do
local key = fields[i]
local field = entity[key]
if field and type(field) == "string" then
entity[key] = gsub(field, "%s*,%s*", ",")
end
end
end
return data
end
--[==[
For backwards compatibility only; modules should require the error themselves.
]==]
function export.err(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
return require("Module:languages/error")(lang_code, param, code_desc, template_tag, not_real_lang)
end
return export
sif5hj6np9mz3iidup61063ik23nazk
Module:Languages/data/3/t
828
1363236
9934911
9882841
2026-09-30T16:02:34Z
TongcyDai
53191
tez:Tetserret→特特瑟雷特語
9934911
Scribunto
text/plain
local m_langdata = require("Module:languages/data")
-- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data).
local function u(...)
u = require("Module:string utilities").char
return u(...)
end
local c = m_langdata.chars
local p = m_langdata.puaChars
local s = m_langdata.shared
local m = {}
m["taa"] = {
"下塔納納語",
28565,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tab"] = {
"塔巴薩蘭語",
34079,
"cau-esm",
"Cyrl, Latn, Arab",
translit = {
Cyrl = "tab-translit",
},
override_translit = true,
display_text = {
Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]
},
strip_diacritics = {
Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"],
Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"],
},
sort_key = {
Cyrl = "tab-sortkey",
}
}
m["tac"] = {
"低地塔拉烏馬拉語",
15616384,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
}
m["tad"] = {
"陶塞語",
2356440,
"paa-wlp",
"Latn",
}
m["tae"] = {
"塔里阿納語",
732726,
"awd-nwk",
"Latn",
}
m["taf"] = {
"塔比拉貝語",
7684673,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["tag"] = {
"塔戈伊語",
36537,
"nic-ras",
"Latn",
}
m["taj"] = {
"東達芒語",
12953177,
"sit-tam",
"sit-tam-Tibt, Deva",
-- sit-tam-Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
-- NOTE: Formerly there was no sort_key or translit specified; I assume that's a mistake.
}
m["tak"] = {
"塔拉語",
3914494,
"cdc-wst",
"Latn",
}
m["tal"] = {
"塔爾語",
3440387,
"cdc-wst",
"Latn",
}
m["tan"] = {
"坦加勒語",
529921,
"cdc-wst",
"Latn",
}
m["tao"] = {
"達悟語",
715760,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tap"] = {
"塔布瓦語",
7673650,
"bnt-sbi",
"Latn",
}
m["tar"] = {
"中塔拉烏馬拉語",
20090009,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. "ꞌ"},
}
m["tas"] = {
"Tây Bồi",
2233794,
"crp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "fr",
sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"],
}
m["tau"] = {
"Upper Tanana",
28281,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tav"] = {
"塔圖約語",
2524007,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["taw"] = {
"Tai",
7675861,
"ngf-kak",
"Latn",
}
m["tax"] = {
"坦基語",
3449082,
"cdc-est",
"Latn",
}
m["tay"] = {
"泰雅語",
715766,
"map-ata",
"Latn",
}
m["taz"] = {
"托喬語",
36680,
"alv-tal",
"Latn",
}
m["tba"] = {
"艾嘎嫩語",
3409307,
"qfa-iso",
"Latn",
}
-- Tapeba [tbb] is spurious
m["tbc"] = {
"塔基亞語",
3514336,
"poz-oce",
"Latn",
}
m["tbd"] = {
"Kaki Ae",
6349417,
"qfa-iso", -- isolate in Glottolog and Pawley and Hammarström (2018); tentatively in Eleman family by Ross (2005)
-- (and Usher?), but they don't address counterarguments of Clifton 1997
"Latn",
}
m["tbe"] = {
"Tanimbili",
3515188,
"poz-tem",
"Latn",
}
m["tbf"] = {
"Mandara",
3285424,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tbg"] = {
"北泰羅拉語",
20210398,
"ngf-tai",
"Latn",
}
m["tbh"] = {
"Thurawal",
3537135,
"aus-yuk",
"Latn",
}
m["tbi"] = {
"加姆語",
35338,
"sdv-eje",
"Latn",
}
m["tbj"] = {
"蒂昂語",
3528020,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tbk"] = {
"卡拉米-塔格巴努瓦語",
3915487,
"phi-kal",
"Tagb, Latn",
}
m["tbl"] = {
"特波里語",
7690594,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tbm"] = {
"塔格布語",
7675188,
"nic-ser",
}
m["tbn"] = {
"巴羅內格羅烏瓦語",
12953943,
"cba",
}
m["tbo"] = {
"塔瓦拉語",
7689206,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tbp"] = {
"Taworta",
7689337,
"paa-elp",
"Latn",
}
m["tbr"] = {
"Tumtum",
3407029,
"qfa-kad",
}
m["tbs"] = {
"Tanguat",
7683166,
"paa-ata",
"Latn",
}
m["tbt"] = {
"滕博語",
13123561,
"bnt-shh",
"Latn",
}
m["tbu"] = {
"圖巴爾語",
56730,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
}
m["tbv"] = {
-- considered a dialect of Kulungtfu-Yuanggeng-Tobo [kgf] by Glottolog
"Tobo",
7811712,
"ngf-kto",
"Latn",
}
m["tbw"] = {
"塔格巴努瓦語",
3915475,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tbx"] = {
"卡平語",
6366665,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tby"] = {
"塔巴魯語",
11732670,
"paa-gto",
"Latn",
}
m["tbz"] = {
"Ditammari",
35186,
"nic-eov",
"Latn",
}
m["tca"] = {
"齊古納語",
1815205,
"sai-tyu",
"Latn",
}
m["tcb"] = {
"Tanacross",
28268,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tcc"] = {
"Datooga",
35327,
"sdv-nis",
"Latn",
}
m["tcd"] = {
"Tafi",
36545,
"alv-ktg",
}
m["tce"] = {
"南塔穹語",
31091048,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tcf"] = {
"馬利納爾特佩克特拉帕克語",
25559732,
"omq",
"Latn",
}
m["tcg"] = {
"Tamagario",
7680531,
"paa-kay",
"Latn",
}
m["tch"] = {
"特克斯和凱科斯群島克里奧爾英語",
7855478,
"crp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "en",
}
m["tci"] = {
"Wára",
20825638,
"paa-wko",
"Latn",
}
m["tck"] = {
"Tchitchege",
36595,
"bnt-tek",
}
m["tcl"] = {
"答曼語 (緬甸)",
15616518,
"sit-jnp",
"Latn",
}
m["tcm"] = {
"Tanahmerah",
3514927,
"qfa-dis", -- Papuan; isolate per Glottolog and Palmer (2018), considered an independent branch of TNG by Usher
-- (2020); seems based only on some pronoun correspondences
"Latn",
}
m["tco"] = {
"Taungyo",
12953186,
"tbq-brm",
ancestors = "obr",
}
m["tcp"] = {
"Tawr Chin",
7689338,
"tbq-kuk",
}
m["tcq"] = {
"Kaiy",
6348709,
"paa-clp",
"Latn",
}
m["tcs"] = {
"托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語",
36648,
"crp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "en",
}
m["tct"] = {
"佯僙語",
3442330,
"qfa-kms",
}
m["tcu"] = {
"東南塔拉烏馬拉語",
36807,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
}
m["tcw"] = {
"特克帕特蘭托托納克語",
7692795,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tcx"] = {
"托達語",
34042,
"dra-tkt",
"Taml",
--translit = {Taml = "Taml-translit"},
}
m["tcy"] = {
"圖陸語",
34251,
"dra-tlk",
"Tutg, Mlym, Knda", -- Mlym is nearer than Knda but both lack ɛ/ɛː.
translit = {
Tutg = "tcy-Tutg-translit",
},
-- Knda translit in [[Module:scripts/data]]
-- Mlym translit in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["tcz"] = {
"Thado Chin",
6583558,
"tbq-kuk",
}
m["tda"] = {
"Tagdal",
36570,
"son",
}
m["tdb"] = {
"Panchpargania",
21946879,
"inc-sad",
"Deva, as-Beng, Orya, Chis",
}
m["tdc"] = {
"Emberá-Tadó",
3052041,
"sai-chc",
"Latn",
}
m["tdd"] = {
"傣納語",
36556,
"tai-swe",
"Tale",
translit = "Tale-translit",
strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.ZWNJ .. c.ZWJ},
}
m["tde"] = {
"Tiranige Diga Dogon",
5313387,
"nic-dgw",
}
m["tdf"] = {
"Talieng",
37525108,
"mkh-ban",
}
m["tdg"] = {
"西達芒語",
12953178,
"sit-tam",
"sit-tam-Tibt, Deva",
-- sit-tam-Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
-- NOTE: Formerly there was no sort_key or translit specified; I assume that's a mistake.
}
m["tdh"] = {
"圖隆語",
56553,
"sit-kiw",
}
m["tdi"] = {
"多馬迪諾語",
7818197,
"poz-btk",
"Latn",
}
m["tdj"] = {
"塔基歐語",
7676870,
"poz",
"Latn",
}
m["tdk"] = {
"Tambas",
3440392,
"cdc-wst",
}
m["tdl"] = {
"Sur",
3914453,
"nic-tar",
}
m["tdm"] = {
"Taruma",
5559094,
}
m["tdn"] = {
"通達諾語",
3531514,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tdo"] = {
"Teme",
3913994,
"alv-mye",
}
m["tdq"] = {
"Tita",
3914899,
"nic-bco",
}
m["tdr"] = {
"祖查語",
7812881,
"mkh",
}
m["tds"] = {
"多泰語",
5302331,
"paa-clp",
"Latn",
}
m["tdt"] = {
"帝力德頓語",
12643484,
"poz-tim",
"Latn",
}
m["tdv"] = {
"圖爾克瓦姆語",
3438367,
"nic-alu",
"Latn",
}
m["tdy"] = {
"塔迪亞萬語",
7674700,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tea"] = {
"特米亞爾語",
3914693,
"mkh-asl",
"Latn",
}
m["teb"] = {
"Tetete",
7706087,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["tec"] = {
"Terik",
3518379,
"sdv-nma",
}
m["ted"] = {
"Tepo Krumen",
11152243,
"kro-grb",
}
m["tee"] = {
"韋韋特拉特佩瓦語",
56455,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tef"] = {
"Teressa",
3518362,
"aav-nic",
}
m["teg"] = {
"北部特克語",
36478,
"bnt-tek",
}
m["teh"] = {
"Tehuelche",
33930,
"sai-cho",
"Latn",
}
m["tei"] = {
"托里切利語",
3450788,
"paa-kom",
"Latn",
}
m["tek"] = {
"Ibali Teke",
2802914,
"bnt-tek",
}
m["tem"] = {
"提姆語",
36613,
"alv-mel",
"Latn",
}
m["ten"] = {
"Tama (Colombia)",
3832969,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["teo"] = {
"特索語",
29474,
"sdv-ttu",
"Latn",
}
m["tep"] = {
"特佩卡諾語",
3915525,
"azc-pim",
"Latn",
}
m["teq"] = {
"Temein",
7698064,
"sdv",
}
m["ter"] = {
"泰雷諾語",
3314742,
"awd",
"Latn",
}
m["tes"] = {
"騰格爾語",
12473479,
"poz",
"Latn, Java",
}
m["tet"] = {
"德頓語",
34125,
"poz-tim",
"Latn",
}
m["teu"] = {
"Soo",
3437607,
"ssa-klk",
}
m["tev"] = {
"Teor",
12953198,
"poz-cma",
"Latn",
}
m["tew"] = {
"特瓦語",
56492,
"nai-kta",
"Latn",
}
m["tex"] = {
"滕內語",
56346,
"sdv",
}
m["tey"] = {
"Tulishi",
12911106,
"qfa-kad",
"Latn",
}
m["tez"] = {
"特特瑟雷特語",
7706841,
"ber",
"Latn",
}
m["tfi"] = {
"Tofin Gbe",
3530330,
"alv-pph",
}
m["tfn"] = {
"代那安那語",
27785,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tfo"] = {
"Tefaro",
7694618,
"paa-egb",
"Latn",
}
m["tfr"] = {
"特里貝語",
36533,
"cba",
"Latn",
}
m["tft"] = {
"特爾納特語",
3518492,
"paa-tti",
"Latn, Arab",
}
m["tga"] = {
"Sagalla",
12953082,
"bnt-cht",
}
m["tgb"] = {
"托比隆語",
12953913,
"poz-san",
"Latn",
}
m["tgc"] = {
"Tigak",
3528276,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tgd"] = {
"Ciwogai",
3438799,
"cdc-wst",
"Latn",
}
m["tge"] = {
"東廓爾喀達芒語",
12953175,
"sit-tam",
"sit-tam-Tibt, Deva",
-- sit-tam-Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
-- NOTE: Formerly there was no sort_key or translit specified; I assume that's a mistake.
}
m["tgf"] = {
"查利語",
3695197,
"sit-ebo",
"Tibt, Latn",
override_translit = true,
-- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["tgh"] = {
"多巴哥克里奧爾英語",
7811541,
"crp",
ancestors = "en",
}
m["tgi"] = {
"拉溫亞語",
3219937,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tgn"] = {
"坦達加農語",
63311769,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tgo"] = {
"塔古拉語",
7675351,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tgp"] = {
"Tangoa",
2410276,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tgq"] = {
"Tring",
7842360,
"poz-swa",
}
m["tgr"] = {
"Tareng",
25559541,
"mkh",
}
m["tgs"] = {
"Nume",
3346290,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tgt"] = {
"中塔格巴努瓦語",
3915515,
"phi",
"Tagb",
}
m["tgu"] = {
"Tanggu",
7682930,
"paa-ata",
"Latn",
}
m["tgv"] = {
"Tingui-Boto",
7808195,
"sai-mje",
"Latn",
}
m["tgw"] = {
"Tagwana Senoufo",
36514,
"alv-tdj",
}
m["tgx"] = {
"塔吉什語",
28064,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tgy"] = {
"Togoyo",
36825,
"nic-ser",
}
m["thc"] = {
"傣包語",
7675753,
"tai-nor",
}
m["thd"] = {
"Kuuk Thaayorre",
6448718,
"aus-pmn",
"Latn",
}
m["the"] = {
"奇特旺塔魯語",
22083804,
"inc-tha",
"Deva",
}
m["thf"] = {
"Thangmi",
7710314,
"sit-new",
"Deva",
}
m["thh"] = {
"北塔拉烏馬拉語",
15616395,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
}
m["thi"] = {
"Tai Long",
25559562,
"tai-swe",
}
m["thk"] = {
"薩拉卡語",
15407179,
"bnt-kka",
}
m["thl"] = {
"Dangaura Tharu",
22083815,
"inc-tha",
"Deva",
}
m["thm"] = {
"他文語",
34780,
"mkh-vie",
"Thai", --Laoo is feasible but no evidence yet.
sort_key = "Thai-sortkey",
}
m["thn"] = {
"Thachanadan",
7708880,
"dra-mal",
}
m["thp"] = {
"湯普森語",
1755054,
"sal",
"Latn, Dupl",
}
m["thq"] = {
"珂奇拉塔魯語",
22083826,
"inc-tha",
}
m["thr"] = {
"拉納塔魯語",
12953920,
"inc-tha",
"Deva",
}
m["ths"] = {
"塔卡利語",
7709348,
"sit-tam",
}
m["tht"] = {
"塔爾坦語",
30125,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["thu"] = {
"Thuri",
7799291,
"sdv-lon",
}
m["thy"] = {
"Tha",
3915849,
"alv-bwj",
}
m["tic"] = {
"Tira",
36677,
"alv-hei",
}
m["tif"] = {
"Tifal",
11732691,
"ngf-mok",
"Latn",
}
m["tig"] = {
"提格雷語",
34129,
"sem-eth",
"Ethi",
translit = "Ethi-translit",
}
m["tih"] = {
"蒂穆貢穆魯特語",
7807680,
"poz-san",
"Latn",
}
m["tii"] = {
"Tiene",
36469,
"bnt-tek",
}
m["tij"] = {
"Tilung",
7803037,
"sit-kiw",
}
m["tik"] = {
"Tikar",
36483,
"nic-bdn",
"Latn",
}
m["til"] = {
"Tillamook",
2109432,
"sal",
"Latn",
}
m["tim"] = {
"Timbe",
7804599,
"ngf-kab",
"Latn",
}
m["tin"] = {
"廷迪語",
36860,
"cau-and",
"Cyrl",
display_text = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"],
strip_diacritics = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"],
}
m["tio"] = {
"特奧普語",
3518239,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tip"] = {
"特里穆里斯語",
7842270,
"paa-kwe",
"Latn",
}
m["tiq"] = {
"Tiéfo",
3914874,
"alv-sav",
}
m["tis"] = {
"馬薩迪伊特伊特內格語",
18748769,
"phi",
}
m["tit"] = {
"Tinigua",
3029805,
"sai-tin",
"Latn",
}
m["tiu"] = {
"阿達森語",
11214797,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tiv"] = {
"泰雷諾語",
34131,
"nic-tvc",
"Latn",
}
m["tiw"] = {
"提維語",
1656014,
"qfa-iso",
"Latn",
}
m["tix"] = {
"Southern Tiwa",
7570552,
"nai-kta",
"Latn",
}
m["tiy"] = {
"蒂魯賴語",
7809425,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tiz"] = {
"紅金傣語",
3915716,
"tai-swe",
}
m["tja"] = {
"塔朱松語",
3915326,
"kro-wkr",
}
m["tjg"] = {
"通瓊語",
3542117,
"poz",
"Latn",
}
m["tji"] = {
"北部土家語",
12953229,
"sit-tja",
"Latn",
}
m["tjl"] = {
"傣來語",
7675773,
"tai-swe",
"Mymr",
}
m["tjm"] = {
"Timucua",
638300,
"qfa-iso",
"Latn",
}
m["tjn"] = {
"Tonjon",
3913372,
"dmn-jje",
}
m["tjs"] = {
"南部土家語",
12633994,
"sit-tja",
"Latn",
}
m["tju"] = {
"Tjurruru",
3913834,
"aus-nga",
"Latn",
}
m["tjw"] = {
"查普伍龍語",
5285187,
"aus-pam",
"Latn",
}
m["tka"] = {
"特魯卡語",
7847648,
}
m["tkb"] = {
"Buksa",
20983638,
"inc-eas",
"Deva",
}
m["tkd"] = {
"土庫德德語",
36863,
"poz-tim",
"Latn",
}
m["tke"] = {
"塔夸內語",
11030092,
"bnt-mak",
"Latn",
ancestors = "vmw",
}
m["tkf"] = {
"Tukumanféd",
42330115,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["tkl"] = {
"托克勞語",
34097,
"poz-pnp",
"Latn",
}
m["tkm"] = {
"Takelma",
56710,
}
m["tkn"] = {
"德之島語",
3530484,
"jpx-nry",
"Jpan",
translit = s["jpx-translit"],
display_text = s["jpx-displaytext"],
strip_diacritics = s["jpx-stripdiacritics"],
sort_key = s["jpx-sortkey"],
}
m["tkp"] = {
"蒂科皮亞語",
36682,
"poz-pnp",
"Latn",
}
m["tkq"] = {
"Tee",
3075144,
"nic-ogo",
"Latn",
}
m["tkr"] = {
"查庫爾語",
36853,
"cau-wsm",
"Cyrl, Latn, Arab",
translit = "tkr-translit",
override_translit = true,
display_text = {
Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]
},
strip_diacritics = {
Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"],
Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"],
},
}
m["tks"] = {
"Ramandi",
25261947,
"xme-ttc",
"Arab",
ancestors = "xme-ttc-sou",
}
m["tkt"] = {
"卡塔里亞塔魯語",
22083822,
"inc-tha",
}
m["tku"] = {
"上內卡克薩托托納克語",
56343,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tkv"] = {
"穆爾帕諾語",
16939373,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tkw"] = {
"泰努語",
3516731,
"poz-tem",
"Latn",
}
m["tkx"] = {
"唐科語",
7682993,
"ngf-tna",
"Latn",
}
m["tkz"] = {
"謝古語",
7678544,
"mkh",
}
m["tla"] = {
"西南特佩瓦語",
3518245,
"azc-pim",
"Latn",
}
m["tlb"] = {
"托貝洛語",
1142333,
"paa-gto",
"Latn",
}
m["tlc"] = {
"耶庫阿特拉托托納克語",
56460,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tld"] = {
"達勞德語",
7678964,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tlf"] = {
"特萊福爾語",
7696150,
"ngf-mok",
"Latn",
}
m["tlg"] = {
"Tofanma",
4461493,
"paa-nto",
"Latn",
}
m["tlh"] = {
"克林貢語",
10134,
"art",
"Latn",
type = "appendix-constructed",
}
m["tli"] = {
"特林吉特語",
27792,
"xnd",
"Latn, Cyrl",
}
m["tlj"] = {
"Talinga-Bwisi",
7679530,
"bnt-haj",
}
m["tlk"] = {
"達祿基語",
3514563,
"poz-btk",
}
m["tll"] = {
"特特拉語",
2613465,
"bnt-tet",
}
m["tlm"] = {
"托洛馬科語",
3130514,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tln"] = {
"大龍駱語'",
7680293,
"poz-ssw",
}
m["tlo"] = {
"塔洛迪語",
36525,
"alv-tal",
}
m["tlp"] = {
"菲洛梅納-馬塔-科阿維特蘭托托納克語",
5449202,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tlq"] = {
"蒙雷語",
7675784,
"mkh-pal",
}
m["tlr"] = {
"塔利塞語",
3514510,
"poz-sls",
"Latn",
}
m["tls"] = {
"塔姆博塔洛語",
7681065,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tlt"] = {
"特盧蒂語",
12953194,
"poz-cma",
}
m["tlu"] = {
"Tulehu",
7852006,
"poz-cma",
}
m["tlv"] = {
"塔利亞布語",
3514498,
"poz-cma",
"Latn",
}
m["tlx"] = {
"克赫赫克語",
3196124,
"poz-aay",
}
m["tly"] = {
"塔利什語",
34318,
"xme-ttc",
"Latn, Cyrl, Arab",
}
m["tma"] = {
"Tama (Chad)",
57001,
"sdv-tmn",
}
m["tmb"] = {
"Avava",
2157461,
"poz-vnc",
"Latn",
}
m["tmc"] = {
"Tumak",
3121045,
"cdc-est",
}
m["tmd"] = {
"Haruai",
12632146,
"paa-pia",
"Latn",
}
m["tme"] = {
"Tremembé",
5246937,
}
m["tmf"] = {
"Toba-Maskoy",
3033544,
"sai-mas",
"Latn",
}
m["tmg"] = {
"Ternateño",
7232597,
}
m["tmh"] = {
"圖阿雷格語",
34065,
"ber",
"Latn, Tfng, Arab",
strip_diacritics = {
Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ},
},
}
m["tmi"] = {
"圖圖巴語",
7857052,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tmj"] = {
"薩馬羅克納語",
7408865,
"paa-saa",
"Latn",
}
m["tml"] = {
"Tamnim Citak",
12643315,
"ngf-asm",
"Latn",
}
m["tmm"] = {
"傣奈語",
7675842,
"tai-swe",
}
m["tmn"] = {
"答曼語 (印尼)",
7680671,
"poz",
"Latn",
}
m["tmo"] = {
"特莫克語",
7698205,
"mkh-asl",
}
m["tmq"] = {
"通萊奧語",
7852641,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tms"] = {
"蒂馬語",
36684,
"nic-ktl",
}
m["tmt"] = {
"塔斯馬特語",
7687571,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tmu"] = {
"雅烏語",
56867,
"paa-lpl",
"Latn",
}
m["tmv"] = {
"Motembo",
11013108,
"bnt-bun",
}
m["tmy"] = {
"Tami",
3514812,
"poz-oce",
}
m["tmz"] = {
"塔馬納庫語",
3441435,
"sai-ven",
"Latn",
}
m["tna"] = {
"塔卡納語",
3182551,
"sai-tac",
"Latn",
}
m["tnb"] = {
"西烏瓦語",
3181238,
"cba",
}
m["tnc"] = {
"Tanimuca-Retuarã",
36535,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["tnd"] = {
"安古斯圖拉烏瓦語",
25559604,
"cba",
}
m["tne"] = {
"Tinoc Kallahan",
3192219,
}
m["tng"] = {
"Tobanga",
3440501,
"cdc-est",
}
m["tnh"] = {
"Maiani",
6735243,
"ngf-kau",
"Latn",
}
m["tni"] = {
"坦迪阿語",
7682454,
"poz-hce",
"Latn",
}
m["tnk"] = {
"Kwamera",
3200806,
"poz-vns",
"Latn",
}
m["tnl"] = {
"Lenakel",
3229429,
"poz-vns",
"Latn",
}
m["tnm"] = {
"塔布拉語",
7673105,
"paa-sen",
"Latn",
}
m["tnn"] = {
"北坦納語",
957945,
"poz-vns",
"Latn",
}
m["tno"] = {
"Toromono",
510544,
"sai-tac",
"Latn",
}
m["tnp"] = {
"白沙語",
3063761,
"poz-vns",
"Latn",
}
m["tnq"] = {
"泰諾語",
5232952,
"awd-taa",
"Latn",
}
m["tnr"] = {
"Bedik",
35096,
"alv-ten",
"Latn",
}
m["tns"] = {
"特尼斯語",
7699870,
"poz-stm",
"Latn",
}
m["tnt"] = {
"通騰博安語",
3531666,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tnu"] = {
"岱康語",
6362363,
"tai",
}
m["tnv"] = {
"坦昌雅語",
7682361,
"inc-bas",
"Cakm",
ancestors = "inc-obn",
}
m["tnw"] = {
"通沙旺語",
3531660,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["tnx"] = {
"塔內馬語",
2106984,
"poz-tem",
"Latn",
}
m["tny"] = {
"Tongwe",
7821200,
"bnt",
}
m["tnz"] = {
"Ten'edn",
3073453,
"mkh-asl",
"Latn",
}
m["tob"] = {
"托巴語",
3113756,
"sai-guc",
"Latn",
}
m["toc"] = {
"科尤特拉托托納克語",
15615591,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tod"] = {
"Toma",
11055484,
"dmn-msw",
"Latn, Loma"
}
m["tof"] = {
"Gizrra",
5565941,
"paa-etf",
"Latn",
}
m["tog"] = {
"通加語 (馬拉維)",
3847648,
"bnt-nys",
"Latn",
}
m["toh"] = {
"通加語 (莫桑比克)",
7820988,
"bnt-bso",
}
m["toi"] = {
"通加語 (贊比亞)",
34101,
"bnt-bot",
"Latn",
}
m["toj"] = {
"托霍拉瓦爾語",
36762,
"myn",
"Latn",
}
m["tok"] = {
"道本語",
36846,
"art",
"Latn",
type = "appendix-constructed",
}
m["tol"] = {
"Tolowa",
20827,
"ath-pco",
"Latn",
}
m["tom"] = {
"通布魯語",
3531199,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["too"] = {
"西科特佩克-德華雷斯托托納克語",
8044353,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["top"] = {
"帕潘特拉托托納克語",
56329,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["toq"] = {
"Toposa",
3033588,
"sdv-ttu",
}
m["tor"] = {
"Togbo-Vara Banda",
11002922,
"bad-cnt",
}
m["tos"] = {
"高地托托納克語",
13154149,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tou"] = {
"土語",
22694631,
"mkh-vie",
"Latn",
}
m["tov"] = {
"Upper Taromi",
12953183,
"xme-ttc",
ancestors = "xme-ttc-cen",
}
m["tow"] = {
"Jemez",
3912876,
"nai-kta",
"Latn",
}
m["tox"] = {
"托比語",
34022,
"poz-mic",
}
m["toy"] = {
"多波伊尤語",
7824977,
"poz-kal",
}
m["toz"] = {
"To",
7811216,
"alv-mbm",
}
m["tpa"] = {
"Taupota",
7688832,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tpc"] = {
"阿索尤梅帕語",
25559730,
"omq",
"Latn",
}
m["tpe"] = {
"Tippera",
16115423,
"tbq-bdg",
}
m["tpf"] = {
"Tarpia",
12953185,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tpg"] = {
"Kula",
6442714,
"paa-alp",
"Latn",
}
m["tpi"] = {
"托克皮辛語",
34159,
"crp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "en",
}
m["tpj"] = {
"塔皮埃特語",
3121063,
"gn",
"Latn",
}
m["tpk"] = {
"都比尼欽語",
33924,
"tup-gua",
}
m["tpl"] = {
"特拉科阿帕梅帕語",
16115511,
"omq",
}
m["tpm"] = {
"Tampulma",
36590,
"nic-gnw",
}
m["tpn"] = {
"圖皮南巴語",
31528147,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["tpo"] = {
"行彤傣語",
7675795,
"tai-nor",
}
m["tpp"] = {
"比薩佛洛勒斯特佩瓦語",
56349,
"nai-ttn",
}
m["tpq"] = {
"獨巴語",
12953230,
"sit-las",
}
m["tpr"] = {
"圖帕里語",
3542217,
"tup",
"Latn",
}
m["tpt"] = {
"特拉奇奇爾科特佩瓦語",
56330,
"nai-ttn",
}
m["tpu"] = {
"坦普溫語",
3514882,
"mkh-ban",
"Khmr",
}
m["tpv"] = {
"塔納帕格語",
3397371,
"poz-mic",
}
m["tpw"] = {
"古圖皮語",
56944,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["tpx"] = {
"阿卡特佩克-梅帕語",
31157882,
"omq",
"Latn",
}
m["tpy"] = {
"特魯邁語",
12294279,
"qfa-iso",
}
m["tpz"] = {
"Tinputz",
3529205,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tqb"] = {
"坦貝語",
10322157,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["tql"] = {
"萊哈利語",
3229119,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tqm"] = {
"Turumsa",
7856508,
"paa-dtu",
"Latn",
}
m["tqn"] = {
"特奈諾語",
15699255,
"nai-shp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "nai-spt",
}
m["tqo"] = {
"托里皮語",
7811403,
"paa-eel",
"Latn",
}
m["tqp"] = {
"托莫伊普語",
3531388,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["tqq"] = {
"突尼語",
3514343,
"cus-som",
}
m["tqr"] = {
"托羅納語",
36679,
"alv-tal",
}
m["tqt"] = {
"西托托納克語",
7116691,
"nai-ttn",
"Latn",
}
m["tqu"] = {
"Touo",
56750,
}
m["tqw"] = {
"通卡瓦語",
2454881,
"qfa-iso",
"Latn",
}
m["tra"] = {
"提拉希語",
3812406,
"inc-koh",
}
m["trb"] = {
"泰雷布語",
7701797,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["trc"] = {
"科帕拉特里基語",
12953935,
"omq-tri",
"Latn",
}
m["trd"] = {
"Turi",
7854914,
"mun",
}
m["tre"] = {
"東塔蘭甘語",
18609750,
"poz",
}
m["trf"] = {
"特立尼達克里奧爾英語",
7842493,
"crp",
"Latn",
ancestors = "en",
}
m["trg"] = {
"李山帝丹語",
56473,
"sem-nna",
"Hebr",
}
m["trh"] = {
"Turaka",
12953237,
"ngf-dag",
"Latn",
}
m["tri"] = {
"奇里幼語",
56885,
"sai-tar",
"Latn",
}
m["trj"] = {
"Toram",
3441225,
"cdc-est",
}
m["trl"] = {
"旅行者蘇格蘭語",
3915671,
"qfa-mix",
"Latn",
ancestors = "rom, sco",
}
m["trm"] = {
"特雷甘語",
34081,
"nur-sou",
}
m["trn"] = {
"Trinitario",
3539279,
"awd",
}
m["tro"] = {
"塔勞語",
3515603,
"tbq-kuk",
"Latn",
}
m["trp"] = {
"博羅克語",
35947,
"tbq-bdg",
"Beng, Latn" -- WP lists 2 more
}
m["trq"] = {
"聖馬丁伊通約索特里基語",
12953934,
"omq-tri",
"Latn",
}
m["trr"] = {
"陶希羅語",
1957508,
nil,
"Latn",
}
m["trs"] = {
"奇卡華特拉特里基語",
3539587,
"omq-tri",
"Latn",
}
m["trt"] = {
"Tunggare",
615071,
"paa-egb",
"Latn",
}
m["tru"] = {
"圖羅尤語",
34040,
"sem-cna",
"Syrc, Latn",
translit = {
Syrc = "tru-translit",
},
strip_diacritics = {
Syrc = "Syrc-stripdiacritics",
},
}
m["trv"] = {
"賽德克語",
716686,
"map-ata",
"Latn",
}
m["trw"] = {
"托瓦利語",
2665246,
"inc-koh",
"Aran",
}
m["trx"] = {
"Tringgus",
7842365,
"day",
}
m["try"] = {
"土隆語",
7856514,
"tai-swe",
"as-Beng",
}
m["trz"] = {
"Torá",
7827518,
"sai-cpc",
}
m["tsa"] = {
"Tsaangi",
36675,
"bnt-nze",
}
m["tsb"] = {
"瑟麥語",
2371358,
"cus-eas",
}
m["tsc"] = {
"Tswa",
2085051,
"bnt-tsr",
}
m["tsd"] = {
"特薩克尼恩語",
220607,
"grk",
"Grek",
ancestors = "grc-dor",
translit = "el-translit",
-- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["tse"] = {
"突尼西亞手語",
7853191,
"sgn",
}
m["tsg"] = {
"陶蘇格語",
34142,
"phi",
"Latn, Arab",
}
m["tsh"] = {
"Tsuvan",
3502326,
"cdc-cbm",
"Latn",
}
m["tsi"] = {
"茨姆錫安語",
20085721,
"nai-tsi",
"Latn",
}
m["tsj"] = {
"倉洛語",
36840,
"sit-tsk",
"Tibt, Latn, Deva",
override_translit = true,
-- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["tsl"] = {
"卜老語",
3446675,
"tai",
}
m["tsm"] = {
"土耳其手語",
36885,
"sgn",
}
m["tsp"] = {
"北圖斯亞語",
11155635,
"alv-sav",
}
m["tsq"] = {
"泰國手語",
7709156,
"sgn-asl",
"Sgnw",
}
m["tsr"] = {
"Akei",
2828964,
"poz-vnn",
"Latn",
}
m["tss"] = {
"臺灣手語",
34019,
"sgn-jsl",
}
m["tsu"] = {
"鄒語",
716681,
"map",
"Latn",
}
m["tsv"] = {
"Tsogo",
36674,
"bnt-tso",
}
m["tsw"] = {
"Tsishingini",
13123571,
"nic-kam",
}
m["tsx"] = {
"穆巴米語",
6930815,
"paa-wig",
"Latn",
}
m["tsy"] = {
"Tebul Sign Language",
7692090,
"sgn",
}
m["tta"] = {
"圖特盧語",
2311602,
"sio-ohv",
"Latn",
}
m["ttb"] = {
"加阿語",
3438361,
"nic-dak",
"Latn",
}
m["ttc"] = {
"特克提特克語",
36686,
"myn",
"Latn",
}
m["ttd"] = {
"Tauade",
7688634,
"qfa-dis", -- Papuan; isolate per Glottolog; Glottolog says "A Goilalan family uniting Kunimaipan, Tauade and Fuyug
-- is often posited based on the lexicostatistical figures reported in Tom E. Dutton 1975: 631-632" but
-- goes on to say the data "is clearly insufficient, as the lexical links so far proposed are few and
-- show irregular one-consonant correspondences".
"Latn",
}
m["tte"] = {
"Bwanabwana",
5003667,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["ttf"] = {
"Tuotomb",
7853459,
"nic-mbw",
"Latn",
}
m["ttg"] = {
"都東語",
3507990,
"poz-swa",
"Latn",
}
m["tth"] = {
"上達渥語",
3512660,
"mkh-kat",
}
m["tti"] = {
"托巴蒂語",
7811556,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["ttj"] = {
"托羅語",
7824218,
"bnt-nyg",
"Latn",
}
m["ttk"] = {
"托托羅語",
3532756,
"sai-bar",
"Latn",
}
m["ttl"] = {
"托特拉語",
10962316,
"bnt-bot",
"Latn",
}
m["ttm"] = {
"北塔穹語",
20822,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["ttn"] = {
"Towei",
7829606,
"paa-wpw",
"Latn",
}
m["tto"] = {
"下達渥語",
25559539,
"mkh-kat",
}
m["ttp"] = {
"東貝拉拉語",
6799663,
"poz-kal",
}
m["ttr"] = {
"特拉語",
56267,
"cdc-cbm",
}
m["tts"] = {
"伊桑語",
33417,
"tai-swe",
"Thai", -- also Tai Noi/Lao Buhan script
sort_key = "Thai-sortkey",
}
m["ttt"] = {
"塔特語",
56489,
"ira-swi",
"Cyrl, Latn, Armn, Arab",
-- Armn translit in [[Module:scripts/data]] (NOTE: formerly not present, probably an accidental omission)
ancestors = "fa",
}
m["ttu"] = {
"Torau",
3532208,
"poz-ocw",
}
m["ttv"] = {
"馬努斯語",
3445811,
"poz-aay",
"Latn",
}
m["ttw"] = {
"隆-瓦特語",
7856961,
"poz-swa",
}
m["tty"] = {
"西卡里泰語",
7513600,
"paa-clp",
"Latn",
}
m["ttz"] = {
"Tsum",
12953223,
"sit-kyk",
}
m["tua"] = {
"威阿如姆斯語",
7998045,
"paa-mmu",
"Latn",
}
m["tub"] = {
"特巴特勒巴爾語",
56704,
"azc",
"Latn",
}
m["tuc"] = {
"Mutu",
3331003,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tud"] = {
"都夏語",
7857217,
}
m["tue"] = {
"都尤咖語",
2520538,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["tuf"] = {
"中烏瓦語",
12953942,
"cba",
"Latn",
}
m["tug"] = {
"Tunia",
863721,
"alv-bua",
}
m["tuh"] = {
"Taulil",
3516141,
}
m["tui"] = {
"圖普里語",
36646,
"alv-mbm",
"Latn",
}
m["tuj"] = {
"圖古蒂爾語",
12953228,
"paa-gto",
"Latn",
}
m["tul"] = {
"圖拉語",
3914907,
"alv-wjk",
}
m["tum"] = {
"通布卡語",
34138,
"bnt-nys",
"Latn",
}
m["tun"] = {
"圖尼卡語",
56619,
"qfa-iso",
"Latn",
}
m["tuo"] = {
"都卡諾語",
3541834,
"sai-tuc",
"Latn",
}
m["tuq"] = {
"特達加語",
36639,
"ssa-sah",
"Latn",
}
m["tus"] = {
"圖斯卡羅拉語",
36944,
"iro-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["tuu"] = {
"圖圖特尼語",
20627,
"ath-pco",
"Latn",
}
m["tuv"] = {
"圖爾卡納語",
36958,
"sdv-ttu",
"Latn",
}
m["tux"] = {
"Tuxináwa",
7857204,
"sai-pan",
"Latn",
}
m["tuy"] = {
"圖根語",
3541935,
"sdv-nma",
}
m["tuz"] = {
"圖爾卡語",
36643,
"nic-gur",
"Latn",
}
m["tva"] = {
"瓦瓜語",
3553248,
"poz-ocw",
"Latn",
}
m["tvd"] = {
"楚瓦迪語",
3914936,
"nic-kam",
}
m["tve"] = {
"特翁語",
7690709,
"poz-cet",
"Latn",
}
m["tvk"] = {
"東南安布里姆語",
252411,
"poz-vnc",
"Latn",
}
m["tvl"] = {
"圖瓦盧語",
34055,
"poz-pnp",
"Latn",
}
m["tvm"] = {
"Tela-Masbuar",
7695666,
"poz-tim",
}
m["tvn"] = {
"土瓦語",
7689158,
"tbq-brm",
"Mymr",
ancestors = "obr",
}
m["tvo"] = {
"蒂多雷語",
3528199,
"paa-tti",
"Latn, Arab",
}
m["tvs"] = {
"塔韋塔語",
15632387,
"bnt-par",
"Latn",
}
m["tvt"] = {
"Tutsa Naga",
7856987,
"sit-tno",
}
m["tvu"] = {
"圖嫩語",
36632,
"nic-mbw",
}
m["tvw"] = {
"塞多阿語",
7445362,
"poz-kal",
}
m["tvx"] = {
"大武壠語",
1975271,
"map",
"Latn",
}
m["tvy"] = {
"帝汶皮欽語",
4904029,
"crp",
ancestors = "pt",
}
m["twa"] = {
"特瓦納語",
7857412,
"sal",
"Latn",
}
m["twb"] = {
"西塔烏碧語",
12953912,
"phi",
}
m["twc"] = {
"Teshenawa",
3436597,
"cdc-wst",
"Latn",
}
m["twe"] = {
"泰瓦語",
3519302,
"paa-alp",
"Latn",
}
m["twf"] = {
"陶斯語",
7684320,
"nai-kta",
"Latn",
}
m["twg"] = {
"特雷文語",
12953200,
"paa-alp",
"Latn",
}
m["twh"] = {
"傣端語",
7675751,
"tai-swe",
"Tavt",
--translit = "Tavt-translit",
sort_key = {
from = {"[꪿ꫀ꫁ꫂ]", "([ꪵꪶꪹꪻꪼ])([ꪀ-ꪯ])"},
to = {"", "%2%1"}
},
}
m["twm"] = {
"達旺門巴語",
36586,
"sit-ebo",
"Tibt",
override_translit = true,
-- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["twn"] = {
"Twendi",
7857682,
"nic-mmb",
}
m["two"] = {
"Tswapong",
3446241,
"bnt-sts",
}
m["twp"] = {
"艾雷語",
3056045,
"poz-aay",
"Latn",
}
m["twq"] = {
"北桑海語",
36564,
"son",
}
m["twr"] = {
"西南塔拉烏馬拉語",
12953909,
"azc-trc",
"Latn",
}
m["twt"] = {
"都里瓦拉語",
3542307,
"tup-gua",
"Latn",
}
m["twu"] = {
"特爾馬努語",
7702572,
"poz-tim",
"Latn",
}
m["tww"] = {
"圖瓦里語",
7857159,
"paa-wal",
"Latn",
}
m["twy"] = {
"塔沃延語",
3513542,
"poz-bre",
"Latn",
}
m["txa"] = {
"通博諾語",
7818692,
"poz-san",
"Latn",
}
m["txb"] = {
"吐火羅語B",
3199353,
"ine-toc",
"Latn",
standard_chars = "AaÄäĀāCcEeIiKkLlMmṂṃNnṄṅÑñOoPpRrSsŚśṢṣTtUuWwYy" .. c.punc,
}
m["txc"] = {
"Tsetsaut",
20829,
"ath-nor",
"Latn",
}
m["txe"] = {
"多多利語",
7828387,
"poz-tot",
"Latn",
}
m["txg"] = {
"西夏語",
2727930,
"ero",
"Tang",
-- Tang translit in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["txh"] = {
"色雷斯語",
36793,
"ine",
"Latn, Polyt",
-- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:scripts/data]]
}
m["txi"] = {
"伊崩語",
9344891,
"sai-pek",
"Latn",
}
m["txj"] = {
"Tarjumo",
24906088,
"ssa-sah",
"Latn, Arab",
}
m["txm"] = {
"托米尼語",
7818911,
"poz",
"Latn",
}
m["txn"] = {
"西塔蘭甘語",
3515594,
"poz",
"Latn",
}
m["txo"] = {
"投投語",
36709,
"sit-dhi",
"Beng, Toto"
}
m["txq"] = {
"蒂伊語",
7801784,
"poz-tim",
}
m["txr"] = {
"Tartessian",
36795,
"qfa-unc", -- extinct, no consensus on classification
}
m["txs"] = {
"通西亞語",
3531659,
"phi",
"Latn",
}
m["txt"] = {
"Citak",
3447279,
"ngf-asm",
"Latn",
}
m["txu"] = {
"卡亞波語",
3101212,
"sai-nje",
"Latn",
}
m["txx"] = {
"Tatana",
18643518,
"poz-san",
"Latn",
}
m["tya"] = {
"陶亞語",
7688978,
"ngf-rai",
"Latn",
}
m["tye"] = {
"Kyenga",
3913304,
"dmn-bbu",
"Latn",
}
m["tyh"] = {
"O'du",
3347428,
"mkh",
}
m["tyi"] = {
"Teke-Tsaayi",
33123613,
"bnt-nze",
}
m["tyj"] = {
"傣約語",
7675746,
"tai-nor", -- Chamberlain (1991), but Pittayaporn (2009) suggests tai-swe
"Latn, Tayo", -- Vietnam
}
m["tyl"] = {
"土僚語",
12953921,
"tai-cen",
}
m["tyn"] = {
"Kombai",
6428241,
"ngf-nde",
"Latn",
}
m["typ"] = {
"Kuku-Thaypan",
3915693,
"aus-pmn",
"Latn",
}
m["tyr"] = {
"傣亮語",
3915207,
"tai-swe",
"Tavt",
}
m["tys"] = {
"沙爬語",
3446668,
"tai-sap",
"Latn",
}
m["tyt"] = {
"德地傣語",
7862029,
"tai-swe",
}
m["tyu"] = {
"Kua",
3832933,
"khi-kal",
"Latn",
}
m["tyv"] = {
"圖瓦語",
34119,
"trk-ssb",
"Cyrl",
translit = "tyv-translit",
override_translit = true,
sort_key = "tyv-sortkey",
}
m["tyx"] = {
"泰凱-蒂耶語",
36634,
"bnt-nze",
"Latn",
}
m["tyz"] = {
"岱依語", -- This does not mean its family "Tai" languages.
2511476,
"tai-tay",
"Latn, Hani",
sort_key = {
Hani = "Hani-sortkey"
},
}
m["tza"] = {
"坦桑尼亞手語",
7684177,
"sgn",
}
m["tzh"] = {
"策爾塔爾語",
36808,
"myn",
"Latn",
}
m["tzj"] = {
"楚圖希爾語",
36941,
"myn",
"Latn",
}
m["tzl"] = {
"塔羅薩語",
1063911,
"art",
"Latn",
type = "appendix-constructed",
sort_key = "tzl-sortkey",
}
m["tzm"] = {
"中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語",
49741,
"ber",
"Tfng, Arab, Latn",
translit = {
Tfng = "Tfng-translit",
},
}
m["tzn"] = {
"Tugun",
12953225,
"poz-tim",
"Latn",
}
m["tzo"] = {
"佐齊爾語",
36809,
"myn",
"Latn",
}
m["tzx"] = {
"塔布里亞克語",
56872,
"paa-lse",
"Latn",
}
return require("Module:languages").finalizeData(m, "language")
99ibh3hop2v0mpr9hvdtpm9bwjvkbei
Module:Families
828
1363252
9934841
9863194
2026-09-30T15:38:30Z
TongcyDai
53191
同步 enwikt:+getPseudoFamilies
9934841
Scribunto
text/plain
local export = {}
local families_by_name_module = "Module:families/canonical names"
local families_data_module = "Module:families/data"
local json_module = "Module:JSON"
local language_like_module = "Module:language-like"
local languages_module = "Module:languages"
local load_module = "Module:load"
local table_module = "Module:table"
local get_by_code -- Defined below.
local gmatch = string.gmatch
local insert = table.insert
local ipairs = ipairs
local make_object -- Defined below.
local match = string.match
local pairs = pairs
local require = require
local setmetatable = setmetatable
local type = type
--[==[
Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==]
local function deep_copy(...)
deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy
return deep_copy(...)
end
local function get_lang(...)
get_lang = require(languages_module).getByCode
return get_lang(...)
end
local function keys_to_list(...)
keys_to_list = require(table_module).keysToList
return keys_to_list(...)
end
local function load_data(...)
load_data = require(load_module).load_data
return load_data(...)
end
local function make_lang_object(...)
make_lang_object = require(languages_module).makeObject
return make_lang_object(...)
end
local function to_json(...)
to_json = require(json_module).toJSON
return to_json(...)
end
--[==[
Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==]
local families_by_name
local function get_families_by_name()
families_by_name, get_families_by_name = load_data(families_by_name_module), nil
return families_by_name
end
local families_data
local function get_families_data()
families_data, get_families_data = load_data(families_data_module), nil
return families_data
end
local Family = {}
Family.__index = Family
--[==[
Return the family code of the family, e.g. {"ine"} for the Indo-European languages.
]==]
function Family:getCode()
return self._code
end
--[==[
Return the canonical name of the family. This is the name used to represent that language family on Wiktionary,
and is guaranteed to be unique to that family alone. Example: {"印歐語系"} for the Indo-European languages.
]==]
function Family:getCanonicalName()
local name = self._name
if name == nil then
name = self._data[1]
self._name = name
end
return name
end
--[==[
Return the display form of the family. On this wiki this is the same as the canonical name, which already
includes the family class word (語系/語族/語支 etc.), so it is also the same as the value returned by
{getCategoryName("nocap")} unless the data module overrides the category name. The displayed text used in
{makeCategoryLink()} is always the same as the display form.
]==]
function Family:getDisplayForm()
-- l10n: Chinese canonical names already include the class word, so no
-- " languages" suffix is appended (unlike on the English Wiktionary)
return self._data[1]
end
function Family:getAliases()
Family.getAliases = require(language_like_module).getAliases
return self:getAliases()
end
function Family:getVarieties(flatten)
Family.getVarieties = require(language_like_module).getVarieties
return self:getVarieties(flatten)
end
function Family:getOtherNames()
Family.getOtherNames = require(language_like_module).getOtherNames
return self:getOtherNames()
end
function Family:getAllNames()
Family.getAllNames = require(language_like_module).getAllNames
return self:getAllNames()
end
--[==[
Return a list of the pseudo-families (if any) that a family belongs to. The returned value is a list of Family
objects. Pseudo-families are groupings of languages that are not clades but share some geographic, ethnic or other
characteristic (e.g. [[:Category:Papuan languages]], [[:Category:Jewish languages]]).
]==]
function Family:getPseudoFamilies()
Family.getPseudoFamilies = require(language_like_module).getPseudoFamilies
return self:getPseudoFamilies()
end
--[==[Returns a table of types as a lookup table (with the types as keys).
The possible types are
* {family}: This object is a family.
* {full}: This object is a "full" family. This includes all families but a couple of etymology-only
families for Old and Middle Iranian languages.
* {etymology-only}: This object is an etymology-only family, similar to etymology-only languages. There
are currently only two such families, for Old Iranian languages and Middle Iranian
languages (which do not represent proper clades and have no proto-languages, hence
cannot be full families).
]==]
function Family:getTypes()
local types = self._types
if types == nil then
types = {family = true}
if self:getFullCode() == self:getCode() then
types.full = true
else
types["etymology-only"] = true
end
local rawtypes = self._data.type
if rawtypes then
for t in gmatch(rawtypes, "[^,]+") do
types[t] = true
end
end
self._types = types
end
return types
end
--[==[Given a list of types as strings, returns true if the family has all of them.]==]
function Family:hasType(...)
Family.hasType = require(language_like_module).hasType
return self:hasType(...)
end
--[==[Returns a {Family} object for the superfamily that the family belongs to.]==]
function Family:getFamily()
if self._familyObject == nil then
local familyCode = self:getFamilyCode()
if familyCode then
self._familyObject = get_by_code(familyCode)
else
self._familyObject = false
end
end
return self._familyObject or nil
end
--[==[Returns the code of the family's superfamily.]==]
function Family:getFamilyCode()
if not self._familyCode then
self._familyCode = self._data[3]
end
return self._familyCode
end
--[==[Returns the canonical name of the family's superfamily.]==]
function Family:getFamilyName()
if self._familyName == nil then
local family = self:getFamily()
if family then
self._familyName = family:getCanonicalName()
else
self._familyName = false
end
end
return self._familyName or nil
end
--[==[Check whether the family belongs to {superfamily} (which can be a family code or object), and returns a boolean. If more than one is given, returns {true} if the family belongs to any of them. A family is '''not''' considered to belong to itself.]==]
function Family:inFamily(...)
for _, superfamily in ipairs{...} do
if type(superfamily) == "table" then
superfamily = superfamily:getCode()
end
local family, code = self:getFamily()
while family do
code = family:getCode()
if code == superfamily then
return true
end
family = family:getFamily()
-- If family is parent to itself, return false.
if family and family:getCode() == code then
return false
end
end
return false
end
end
function Family:getParent()
if self._parentObject == nil then
local parentCode = self:getParentCode()
if parentCode then
self._parentObject = get_lang(parentCode, nil, true, true)
else
self._parentObject = false
end
end
return self._parentObject or nil
end
function Family:getParentCode()
if not self._parentCode then
self._parentCode = self._data.parent
end
return self._parentCode
end
function Family:getParentName()
if self._parentName == nil then
local parent = self:getParent()
if parent then
self._parentName = parent:getCanonicalName()
else
self._parentName = false
end
end
return self._parentName or nil
end
function Family:getParentChain()
if not self._parentChain then
self._parentChain = {}
local parent = self:getParent()
while parent do
insert(self._parentChain, parent)
parent = parent:getParent()
end
end
return self._parentChain
end
function Family:hasParent(...)
--checkObject("family", nil, ...)
for _, other_family in ipairs{...} do
for _, parent in ipairs(self:getParentChain()) do
if type(other_family) == "string" then
if other_family == parent:getCode() then return true end
else
if other_family:getCode() == parent:getCode() then return true end
end
end
end
return false
end
--[==[
If the family is etymology-only, this iterates through its parents until a full family is found, and the
corresponding object is returned. If the family is a full family, then it simply returns itself.
]==]
function Family:getFull()
if not self._fullObject then
local fullCode = self:getFullCode()
if fullCode ~= self:getCode() then
self._fullObject = get_lang(fullCode, nil, nil, true)
else
self._fullObject = self
end
end
return self._fullObject
end
--[==[
If the family is etymology-only, this iterates through its parents until a full family is found, and the
corresponding code is returned. If the family is a full family, then it simply returns the family code.
]==]
function Family:getFullCode()
return self._fullCode or self:getCode()
end
--[==[
If the family is etymology-only, this iterates through its parents until a full family is found, and the
corresponding canonical name is returned. If the family is a full family, then it simply returns the canonical name
of the family.
]==]
function Family:getFullName()
if self._fullName == nil then
local full = self:getFull()
if full then
self._fullName = full:getCanonicalName()
else
self._fullName = false
end
end
return self._fullName or nil
end
--[==[
Return a {Language} object (see [[Module:languages]]) for the proto-language of this family, if one exists.
Otherwise, return {nil}.
]==]
function Family:getProtoLanguage()
if self._protoLanguageObject == nil then
self._protoLanguageObject = get_lang(self._data.protoLanguage or self:getCode() .. "-pro", nil, true) or false
end
return self._protoLanguageObject or nil
end
function Family:getProtoLanguageCode()
if self._protoLanguageCode == nil then
local protoLanguage = self:getProtoLanguage()
self._protoLanguageCode = protoLanguage and protoLanguage:getCode() or false
end
return self._protoLanguageCode or nil
end
function Family:getProtoLanguageName()
if not self._protoLanguageName then
self._protoLanguageName = self:getProtoLanguage():getCanonicalName()
end
return self._protoLanguageName
end
function Family:hasAncestor(...)
-- Go up the family tree until a protolanguage is found.
local family = self
local protolang = family:getProtoLanguage()
while not protolang do
family = family:getFamily()
protolang = family:getProtoLanguage()
-- Return false if the family is its own family, to avoid an infinite loop.
if family:getFamilyCode() == family:getCode() then
return false
end
end
-- If the protolanguage is not in the family, it must therefore be ancestral to it. Check if it is a match.
for _, otherlang in ipairs{...} do
if (
type(otherlang) == "string" and protolang:getCode() == otherlang or
type(otherlang) == "table" and protolang:getCode() == otherlang:getCode()
) and not protolang:inFamily(self) then
return true
end
end
-- If not, check the protolanguage's ancestry.
return protolang:hasAncestor(...)
end
local function fetch_descendants(self, format)
local languages = require("Module:languages/code to canonical name")
local etymology_languages = require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name")
local families = require("Module:families/code to canonical name")
local descendants = {}
-- Iterate over all three datasets.
for _, data in ipairs{languages, etymology_languages, families} do
for code in pairs(data) do
local lang = get_lang(code, nil, true, true)
if lang:inFamily(self) then
if format == "object" then
insert(descendants, lang)
elseif format == "code" then
insert(descendants, code)
elseif format == "name" then
insert(descendants, lang:getCanonicalName())
end
end
end
end
return descendants
end
function Family:getDescendants()
if not self._descendantObjects then
self._descendantObjects = fetch_descendants(self, "object")
end
return self._descendantObjects
end
function Family:getDescendantCodes()
if not self._descendantCodes then
self._descendantCodes = fetch_descendants(self, "code")
end
return self._descendantCodes
end
function Family:getDescendantNames()
if not self._descendantNames then
self._descendantNames = fetch_descendants(self, "name")
end
return self._descendantNames
end
function Family:hasDescendant(...)
for _, lang in ipairs{...} do
if type(lang) == "string" then
lang = get_lang(lang, nil, true)
end
if lang:inFamily(self) then
return true
end
end
return false
end
--[==[
Return the name of the main category of that family. Example: {"日耳曼語族"} for the Germanic languages,
whose category is at [[:Category:日耳曼語族]]. On this wiki the category name is the same as the canonical
name unless the data module provides a {categoryName} override.
Unless optional argument `nocap` is given, the first letter of the returned value will be capitalized (this
only affects the few families whose names are still in Latin script). This capitalization is correct for
category names, but not if the returned value of this function is used in the middle of a sentence.
If you are considering using {getCategoryName("nocap")}, use {getDisplayForm()} instead.
]==]
function Family:getCategoryName(nocap)
local name = self._data.categoryName or self:getDisplayForm()
if not nocap then
name = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(name)
end
return name
end
function Family:makeCategoryLink()
return "[[:Category:" .. self:getCategoryName() .. "|" .. self:getDisplayForm() .. "]]"
end
--[==[Returns the Wikidata item id for the family or <code>nil</code>. This corresponds to the the second field in the data modules.]==]
function Family:getWikidataItem()
Family.getWikidataItem = require(language_like_module).getWikidataItem
return self:getWikidataItem()
end
--[==[
Returns the name of the Wikipedia article for the family. `project` specifies the language and project to retrieve
the article from, defaulting to {"zhwiki"} for the Chinese Wikipedia. Normally if specified it should be the project
code for a specific-language Wikipedia e.g. "enwiki" for the English Wikipedia, but it can be any project, including
non-Wikipedia ones. If the project is the Chinese Wikipedia and the property {wikipedia_article} is present in the data
module it will be used first. In all other cases, a sitelink will be generated from {:getWikidataItem} (if set). The
resulting value (or lack of value) is cached so that subsequent calls are fast. If no value could be determined, and
`noCategoryFallback` is {false}, {:getCategoryName} is used as fallback; otherwise, {nil} is returned. Note that if
`noCategoryFallback` is {nil} or omitted, it defaults to {false} if the project is the Chinese Wikipedia, otherwise
to {true}. In other words, under normal circumstances, if the Chinese Wikipedia article couldn't be retrieved, the
return value will fall back to a link to the family's category, but this won't normally happen for any other project.
]==]
function Family:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
Family.getWikipediaArticle = require(language_like_module).getWikipediaArticle
return self:getWikipediaArticle(noCategoryFallback, project)
end
function Family:makeWikipediaLink()
return "[[w:" .. self:getWikipediaArticle() .. "|" .. self:getCanonicalName() .. "]]"
end
--[==[Returns the name of the Wikimedia Commons category page for the family.]==]
function Family:getCommonsCategory()
Family.getCommonsCategory = require(language_like_module).getCommonsCategory
return self:getCommonsCategory()
end
function Family:toJSON(opts)
local ret = {
canonicalName = self:getCanonicalName(),
categoryName = self:getCategoryName("nocap"),
code = self:getCode(),
parent = self:getParentCode(),
full = self:getFullCode(),
family = self:getFamilyCode(),
protoLanguage = self:getProtoLanguageCode(),
aliases = self:getAliases(),
varieties = self:getVarieties(),
otherNames = self:getOtherNames(),
type = keys_to_list(self:getTypes()),
wikidataItem = self:getWikidataItem(),
wikipediaArticle = self:getWikipediaArticle(true),
}
-- Use `deep_copy` when returning a table, so that there are no editing restrictions imposed by `mw.loadData`.
return opts and opts.lua_table and deep_copy(ret) or to_json(ret, opts)
end
function Family:getData()
return self._data
end
function export.makeObject(code, data)
local data_type = type(data)
if data_type ~= "table" then
error(("bad argument #2 to 'makeObject' (table expected, got %s)"):format(data_type))
end
return setmetatable({_data = data, _code = code, _fullCode = code}, Family)
end
make_object = export.makeObject
--[==[
Finds the family whose code matches the one provided. If it exists, it returns a {Family} object representing the
family. Otherwise, it returns {nil}.]==]
function export.getByCode(code)
local data = (families_data or get_families_data())[code]
if data == nil then
return nil
elseif data.parent == nil then
return make_object(code, data)
end
return make_lang_object(code, data)
end
get_by_code = export.getByCode
--[==[
Look for the family whose canonical name (the name used to represent that family on Wiktionary) matches the one
provided. If it exists, it returns a {Family} object representing the family. Otherwise, it returns {nil}. The
canonical name of families should always be unique (it is an error for two families on Wiktionary to share the same
canonical name), so this is guaranteed to give at most one result.]==]
function export.getByCanonicalName(name)
if name == nil then
return nil
end
local by_name = families_by_name or get_families_by_name()
local code = by_name[name]
if code == nil then
-- l10n: also accept English-style names with a trailing " languages",
-- for compatibility with the previous version of this module
local truncated = match(name, "^(.*) languages$")
code = truncated and by_name[truncated]
end
if code == nil then
return nil
end
return get_by_code(code)
end
--[==[
Look for the family whose category name (the name used in categories for that family) matches the one provided.
If it exists, it returns a {Family} object representing the family. Otherwise, it returns {nil}. On this wiki the
category name for a family is normally identical to its canonical name (e.g. "印歐語系" has the category name
"印歐語系"), so this is equivalent to {getByCanonicalName}.]==]
function export.getByCategoryName(name)
-- l10n: family category names equal canonical names here, so no
-- " languages" suffix handling is needed beyond the compatibility
-- fallback in getByCanonicalName
return export.getByCanonicalName(name)
end
return export
k31ljzflri62h7jyuaay1egfz7hxcgw
خليج
0
1363645
9935413
9604440
2026-09-30T16:20:50Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935413
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|خلیج}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
來自詞根{{ar-root|خ ل ج}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|خَلِيج}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|خَلِيج|m|pl=خُلُج|pl2=خُلْجَان}}
# [[灣]]
## {{lb|ar|definite}} [[波斯灣]]
##: {{uxi|ar|'''الْخَلِيج'''|廣灣}}
##: {{syn|ar|الْخَلِيج الْعَرَبِيّ|الْخَلِيج الْفَارِسِيّ}}
# [[海灣]]
#: {{syn|ar|جون|tr=jōn}}
# {{lb|ar|rare}} [[海峽]]
#: {{syn|ar|مَضِيق}}
# {{lb|ar|rare}} [[河流]]
#: {{syn|ar|نَهْر}}
# {{lb|ar|rare}} [[運河]]
#: {{syn|ar|قَنَاة}}
# {{lb|ar|rare}} [[岸]],[[河岸]]
#: {{syn|ar|ضِفَّة|شَطّ}}
# {{lb|ar|rare}} [[小船]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|خَلِيج|m|pl=خُلُج|pl2=خُلْجَان}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ar|خَلِيجِيّ}}
* {{l|ar|الْخَلِيج الْعَرَبِيّ||波斯灣|lit=阿拉伯灣}}
* {{l|ar|اَلْخَلِيج الْفَارِسِيّ}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|am|ኸሊጅ|bor=1|t=運河}}
* {{desc|az|xəlic|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:xalīj
*: {{desc|hi|ख़लीज|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|ur|خَلِیج}}
* {{desc|kmr|xelîc|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|خلیج|tr=halîc|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|haliç}}
* {{desc|ps|خليج|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|خلیج|tr=xalij|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਖਲੀਜ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|خَلِیج|sclang=1}}
====來源====
* {{R:ar:Steingass|page=339}}
{{C|ar|水體|地形}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|ar|خَلِيج}}。{{root|ps|ar|خ ل ج}}
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|tr=xalíj|g=m}}
# [[灣]]
a6n9pny4242wtstka8uw3u9qfgemlyn
Module:Links
828
1364589
9934848
9909125
2026-09-30T15:41:05Z
TongcyDai
53191
同步 enwikt
9934848
Scribunto
text/plain
local export = {}
--[=[
[[Unsupported titles]], pages with high memory usage,
extraction modules and part-of-speech names are listed
at [[Module:links/data]].
Other modules used:
[[Module:script utilities]]
[[Module:scripts]]
[[Module:languages]] and its submodules
[[Module:gender and number]]
[[Module:debug/track]]
]=]
local anchors_module = "Module:anchors"
local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track"
local decorations_module = "Module:decorations"
local form_of_module = "Module:form of"
local gender_and_number_module = "Module:gender and number"
local languages_module = "Module:languages"
local load_module = "Module:load"
local memoize_module = "Module:memoize"
local pages_module = "Module:pages"
local scripts_module = "Module:scripts"
local script_utilities_module = "Module:script utilities"
local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:string/encode entities"
local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"
local table_module = "Module:table"
local utilities_module = "Module:utilities"
local concat = table.concat
local find = string.find
local get_current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle
local insert = table.insert
local ipairs = ipairs
local match = string.match
local new_title = mw.title.new
local pairs = pairs
local remove = table.remove
local sub = string.sub
local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC
local tostring = tostring
local type = type
local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip
local NAMESPACE = get_current_title().nsText
local function anchor_encode(...)
anchor_encode = require(memoize_module)(mw.uri.anchorEncode, true)
return anchor_encode(...)
end
local function debug_track(...)
debug_track = require(debug_track_module)
return debug_track(...)
end
local function decode_entities(...)
decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities
return decode_entities(...)
end
local function decode_uri(...)
decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri
return decode_uri(...)
end
-- Can't yet replace, as the [[Module:string utilities]] version no longer has automatic double-encoding prevention, which requires changes here to account for.
local function encode_entities(...)
encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module)
return encode_entities(...)
end
local function extend(...)
extend = require(table_module).extend
return extend(...)
end
local function find_best_script_without_lang(...)
find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang
return find_best_script_without_lang(...)
end
local function format_categories(...)
format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories
return format_categories(...)
end
local function format_genders(...)
format_genders = require(gender_and_number_module).format_genders
return format_genders(...)
end
local function format_decorations(...)
format_decorations = require(decorations_module).format_decorations
return format_decorations(...)
end
local function get_current_L2(...)
get_current_L2 = require(pages_module).get_current_L2
return get_current_L2(...)
end
local function get_lang(...)
get_lang = require(languages_module).getByCode
return get_lang(...)
end
local function get_script(...)
get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode
return get_script(...)
end
local function language_anchor(...)
language_anchor = require(anchors_module).language_anchor
return language_anchor(...)
end
local function load_data(...)
load_data = require(load_module).load_data
return load_data(...)
end
local function request_script(...)
request_script = require(script_utilities_module).request_script
return request_script(...)
end
local function shallow_copy(...)
shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy
return shallow_copy(...)
end
local function split(...)
split = require(string_utilities_module).split
return split(...)
end
local function tag_text(...)
tag_text = require(script_utilities_module).tag_text
return tag_text(...)
end
local function tag_translit(...)
tag_translit = require(script_utilities_module).tag_translit
return tag_translit(...)
end
local function trim(...)
trim = require(string_utilities_module).trim
return trim(...)
end
local function u(...)
u = require(string_utilities_module).char
return u(...)
end
local function ulower(...)
ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower
return ulower(...)
end
local function umatch(...)
umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match
return umatch(...)
end
local m_headword_data
local function get_headword_data()
m_headword_data = load_data("Module:headword/data")
return m_headword_data
end
local function track(page, code)
local tracking_page = "links/" .. page
debug_track(tracking_page)
if code then
debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code)
end
end
local function field_non_empty(list, field)
if not list then
return nil
end
if type(list) ~= "table" then
error(("Internal error: Wrong type for `termobj.%s`=%s, should be %s\"table\""):format(
field, mw.dumpObject(list), field == "q" or field == "qq" and "\"string\" or " or ""))
end
return list[1]
end
--[=[
Add any decorations (left or right regular or accent qualifiers, labels or references) to an item. `text` is the
item's text (to which to add the decorations) and `itemobj` is the object specifying the item's decorations, which
should optionally contain:
* left regular qualifiers in `q` (an array of strings or a single string); an empty array will be ignored;
* right regular qualifiers in `qq` (an array of strings or a single string); an empty array will be ignored;
* left accent qualifiers in `a` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored;
* right accent qualifiers in `aa` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored;
* left labels in `l` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored;
* right labels in `ll` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored;
* references in `refs`, an array either of strings (formatted reference text) or objects containing fields `text`
(formatted reference text) and optionally `name` and/or `group`; an empty array will be ignored.
`lang` is a language object and is required if any accent qualifiers or labels are given.
]=]
local function add_text_decorations(text, itemobj, lang)
local q = itemobj.q
if type(q) == "string" then
q = { q }
end
local qq = itemobj.qq
if type(qq) == "string" then
qq = { qq }
end
if field_non_empty(q, "q") or field_non_empty(qq, "qq") or field_non_empty(itemobj.a, "a") or
field_non_empty(itemobj.aa, "aa") or field_non_empty(itemobj.l, "l") or field_non_empty(itemobj.ll, "ll") or
field_non_empty(itemobj.refs, "refs") then
text = format_decorations {
lang = lang,
text = text,
q = q,
qq = qq,
a = itemobj.a,
aa = itemobj.aa,
l = itemobj.l,
ll = itemobj.ll,
refs = itemobj.refs,
}
end
return text
end
local function selective_trim(...)
-- Unconditionally trimmed charset.
local always_trim =
"\194\128-\194\159" .. -- U+0080-009F (C1 control characters)
"\194\173" .. -- U+00AD (soft hyphen)
"\226\128\170-\226\128\174" .. -- U+202A-202E (directionality formatting characters)
"\226\129\166-\226\129\169" -- U+2066-2069 (directionality formatting characters)
-- Standard trimmed charset.
local standard_trim = "%s" .. -- (default whitespace charset)
"\226\128\139-\226\128\141" .. -- U+200B-200D (zero-width spaces)
always_trim
-- If there are non-whitespace characters, trim all characters in `standard_trim`.
-- Otherwise, only trim the characters in `always_trim`.
selective_trim = function(text)
if text == "" then
return text
end
local trimmed = trim(text, standard_trim)
if trimmed ~= "" then
return trimmed
end
return trim(text, always_trim)
end
return selective_trim(...)
end
local function escape(text, str)
local rep
repeat
text, rep = text:gsub("\\\\(\\*" .. str .. ")", "\5%1")
until rep == 0
return (text:gsub("\\" .. str, "\6"))
end
local function unescape(text, str)
return (text
:gsub("\5", "\\")
:gsub("\6", str))
end
-- Remove bold, italics, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags.
local function remove_formatting(str)
str = str
:gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2")
:gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2")
:gsub("", "")
return (unstrip(str)
:gsub("<[^<>]+>", ""))
end
--[==[
Split `text` on double slashes (taking account of escaping backslashes). Return a list of split items.
]==]
function export.split_on_slashes(text)
if text:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "split_on_slashes")
end
text = split(escape(text, "//"), "//", true) or {}
for i, v in ipairs(text) do
text[i] = unescape(v, "//")
if v == "" then
text[i] = false
end
end
return text
end
--[==[
If `text` is a wikilink (i.e. in the form `<nowiki>[[foo]]</nowiki>` or `<nowiki>[[foo|bar]]</nowiki>`), return the link
target and display text. If the wikilink is single-part, the display text will be the same as the link target. If the
text is not in wikilink form, return {nil} for both link target and display text.
]==]
function export.get_wikilink_parts(text)
-- TODO: replace `allow_bad_target` with `allow_unsupported`, with support for links to unsupported titles, including escape sequences.
if ( -- Filters out anything but "[[...]]" with no intermediate "[[" or "]]".
not match(text, "^()%[%[") or -- Faster than sub(text, 1, 2) ~= "[[".
find(text, "[[", 3, true) or
find(text, "]]", 3, true) ~= #text - 1
) then
return nil, nil
end
local pipe = find(text, "|", 3, true)
local title, display
if pipe then
title, display = sub(text, 3, pipe - 1), sub(text, pipe + 1, -3)
else
title = sub(text, 3, -3)
display = title
end
return title, display
end
-- Does the work of export.get_fragment, but can be called directly to avoid unnecessary checks for embedded links.
local function get_fragment(text)
text = escape(text, "#")
-- Replace numeric character references with the corresponding character (' → '),
-- as they contain #, which causes the numeric character reference to be
-- misparsed (wa'a → wa'a → pagename wa&, fragment 39;a).
text = decode_entities(text)
local target, fragment = text:match("^(.-)#(.+)$")
target = target or text
target = unescape(target, "#")
fragment = fragment and unescape(fragment, "#") or nil
return target, fragment
end
--[==[
Given a link target possibly containing a fragment (i.e. a pound sign and following anchor), return two values, the
actual target (minus the fragment) and the fragment, or {nil} if there is no fragment.
]==]
function export.get_fragment(text)
if text:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "get_fragment")
end
-- If there are no embedded links, process input.
local open = find(text, "[[", nil, true)
if not open then
return get_fragment(text)
end
local close = find(text, "]]", open + 2, true)
if not close then
return get_fragment(text)
-- If there is one, but it's redundant (i.e. encloses everything with no pipe), remove and process.
elseif open == 1 and close == #text - 1 and not find(text, "|", 3, true) then
return get_fragment(sub(text, 3, -3))
end
-- Otherwise, return the input.
return text, nil
end
--[==[
Given a link target as passed to `full_link()`, get the actual page that the target refers to. This removes
bold, italics, strip markets and HTML; calls `makeEntryName()` for the language in question; converts targets
beginning with `*` to the Reconstruction namespace; and converts appendix-constructed languages to the Appendix
namespace. Returns up to three values:
# the actual page to link to, or {nil} to not link to anything;
# how the target should be displayed as, if the user didn't explicitly specify any display text; generally the
same as the original target, but minus any anti-asterisk !!;
# the value `true` if the target had a backslash-escaped * in it (FIXME: explain this more clearly).
FIXME: This should not be calling deprecated `makeEntryName()` and should always return the same number of values.
]==]
function export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(target, lang, sc, plain)
local orig_target = target
if not target then
return nil
elseif target:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "get_link_page")
end
target = remove_formatting(target)
if target:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
track("initial colon")
-- FIXME, the auto_display (second return value) should probably remove the colon
return target:sub(2), orig_target
end
local prefix = target:match("^(.-):")
-- Convert any escaped colons
target = target:gsub("\\:", ":")
if prefix then
-- If this is an a link to another namespace or an interwiki link, ensure there's an initial colon and then
-- return what we have (so that it works as a conventional link, and doesn't do anything weird like add the term
-- to a category.)
prefix = ulower(trim(prefix))
if prefix ~= "" and (
load_data("Module:data/namespaces")[prefix] or
load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix]
) then
return target, orig_target
end
end
-- Check if the term is reconstructed and remove any asterisk. Also check for anti-asterisk (!!).
-- Otherwise, handle the escapes.
local reconstructed, escaped, anti_asterisk
if not plain then
target, reconstructed = target:gsub("^%*(.)", "%1")
if reconstructed == 0 then
target, anti_asterisk = target:gsub("^!!(.)", "%1")
if anti_asterisk == 1 then
-- Remove !! from original. FIXME! We do it this way because the call to remove_formatting() above
-- may cause non-initial !! to be interpreted as anti-asterisks. We should surely move the
-- remove_formatting() call later.
orig_target = orig_target:gsub("^!!", "")
end
end
end
target, escaped = target:gsub("^(\\-)\\%*", "%1*")
if not (sc and sc:getCode() ~= "None") then
sc = lang:findBestScript(target)
end
-- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped).
if (not sc:hasCapitalization()) and sc:isTransliterated() and target:match("%^") then
target = escape(target, "^")
:gsub("%^", "")
target = unescape(target, "^")
end
-- Get the entry name for the language.
target = lang:makeEntryName(target, sc, reconstructed == 1 or lang:hasType("appendix-constructed"))
-- If the link contains unexpanded template parameters, then don't create a link.
if target:match("{{{.-}}}") then
-- FIXME: Should we return the original target as the default display value (second return value)?
return nil
end
-- Link to appendix for reconstructed terms and terms in appendix-only languages. Plain links interpret *
-- literally, however.
if reconstructed == 1 then
if lang:getFullCode() == "und" then
-- Return the original target as default display value. If we don't do this, we wrongly get
-- [Term?] displayed instead.
return nil, orig_target
end
target = "Reconstruction:" .. lang:getFullName() .. "/" .. target
-- Reconstructed languages and substrates require an initial *.
elseif anti_asterisk ~= 1 and (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or lang:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub") then
error(("The specified language %s is unattested, while the term '%s' does not begin with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed.")
:
format(lang:getCanonicalName(), orig_target))
elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then
target = "Appendix:" .. lang:getFullName() .. "/" .. target
else
target = target
end
return target, orig_target, escaped > 0
end
function export.get_link_page(target, lang, sc, plain)
local target, auto_display, escaped = export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(target, lang, sc, plain)
return target, escaped
end
-- Make a link from a given link's parts.
local function make_link(link, lang, sc, id, isolated, cats, no_alt_ast, plain)
-- Convert percent encoding to plaintext.
link.target = link.target and decode_uri(link.target, "PATH")
link.fragment = link.fragment and decode_uri(link.fragment, "PATH")
-- Find fragments (if one isn't already set).
-- Prevents {{l|en|word#Etymology 2|word}} from linking to [[word#Etymology 2#English]].
-- # can be escaped as \#.
if link.target and link.fragment == nil then
link.target, link.fragment = get_fragment(link.target)
end
-- Process the target
local auto_display, escaped
link.target, auto_display, escaped = export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(link.target, lang, sc, plain)
-- Create a default display form.
-- If the target is "" then it's a link like [[#English]], which refers to the current page.
if auto_display == "" then
auto_display = (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).pagename
end
-- If the display is the target and the reconstruction * has been escaped, remove the escaping backslash.
if escaped then
auto_display = auto_display:gsub("\\([^\\]*%*)", "%1", 1)
end
-- Process the display form.
if link.display then
local orig_display = link.display
link.display = lang:makeDisplayText(link.display, sc, true)
if cats then
auto_display = lang:makeDisplayText(auto_display, sc)
-- If the alt text is the same as what would have been automatically generated, then the alt parameter is
-- redundant (e.g. {{l|en|foo|foo}}, {{l|en|w:foo|foo}}, but not {{l|en|w:foo|w:foo}}). If they're
-- different, but the alt text could have been entered as the term parameter without it affecting the target
-- page, then the target parameter is redundant (e.g. {{l|ru|фу|фу́}}). If `no_alt_ast` is true, use pcall
-- to catch the error which will be thrown if this is a reconstructed lang and the alt text doesn't have *.
if link.display == auto_display then
-- insert(cats, "帶有多餘alt參數的" .. lang:getFullName() .. "鏈接")
else
local ok, check
if no_alt_ast then
ok, check = pcall(export.get_link_page, orig_display, lang, sc, plain)
else
ok = true
check = export.get_link_page(orig_display, lang, sc, plain)
end
if ok and link.target == check then
-- insert(cats, "帶有多餘target參數的" .. lang:getFullName() .. "鏈接")
end
end
end
else
link.display = lang:makeDisplayText(auto_display, sc)
end
if not link.target then
return link.display
end
-- If the target is the same as the current page, there is no sense id
-- and either the language code is "und" or the current L2 is the current
-- language then return a "self-link" like the software does.
if link.target == get_current_title().prefixedText then
local fragment, current_L2 = link.fragment, get_current_L2()
local s2t_current_L2 = require("Module:zh").st(current_L2) -- zh l10n: try to convert current L2 to trad. Chinese to match it.
if (
fragment and (fragment == current_L2 or fragment == s2t_current_L2) or
not (id or fragment) and (lang:getFullCode() == "und" or lang:getFullName() == current_L2 or lang:getFullName() == s2t_current_L2)
) then
return tostring(mw.html.create("strong")
:addClass("selflink")
:wikitext(link.display))
end
end
-- Add fragment. Do not add a section link to "Undetermined", as such sections do not exist and are invalid.
-- TabbedLanguages handles links without a section by linking to the "last visited" section, but adding
-- "Undetermined" would break that feature. For localized prefixes that make syntax error, please use the
-- format: ["xyz"] = true.
local prefix = link.target:match("^:*([^:]+):")
prefix = prefix and ulower(prefix)
if prefix ~= "category" and not (prefix and load_data("Module:data/interwikis")[prefix]) then
if (link.fragment or link.target:sub(-1) == "#") and not plain then
track("fragment", lang:getFullCode())
if cats then
-- insert(cats, "帶有手動片段的" .. lang:getFullName() .. "鏈接")
end
end
if not link.fragment then
if id then
link.fragment = lang:getFullCode() == "und" and anchor_encode(id) or language_anchor(lang, id)
elseif lang:getFullCode() ~= "und" and not (link.target:match("^Appendix:") or link.target:match("^Reconstruction:")) then
link.fragment = anchor_encode(lang:getFullName())
end
end
end
-- Put inward-facing square brackets around a link to isolated spacing character(s).
if isolated and #link.display > 0 and not umatch(decode_entities(link.display), "%S") then -- zh: link.display is a string, so upstream's link.display[1] is always nil
link.display = "]" .. link.display .. "["
end
link.target = link.target:gsub("^(:?)(.*)", function(m1, m2)
return m1 .. encode_entities(m2, "#%&+/:<=>@[\\]_{|}")
end)
link.fragment = link.fragment and encode_entities(remove_formatting(link.fragment), "#%&+/:<=>@[\\]_{|}")
return "<!-- -->[[" ..
link.target:gsub("^[^:]", ":%0") .. (link.fragment and "#" .. link.fragment or "") .. "|-{" .. link.display .. "}-]]" -- l10n,注意冒號
end
-- Split a link into its parts.
local function parse_link(linktext)
local link = { target = linktext }
local target = link.target
link.target, link.display = target:match("^(..-)|(.+)$")
if not link.target then
link.target = target
link.display = target
end
-- There's no point in processing these, as they aren't real links.
local target_lower = link.target:lower()
for _, false_positive in ipairs({ "category", "cat", "file", "image" }) do
if target_lower:match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then
return nil
end
end
link.display = decode_entities(link.display)
link.target, link.fragment = get_fragment(link.target)
-- So that make_link does not look for a fragment again.
if not link.fragment then
link.fragment = false
end
return link
end
local function check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats)
if alt then
track("alt-ignored")
if cats then
-- insert(data.cats, "忽略alt參數的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "連結")
end
end
if id then
track("id-ignored")
if cats then
-- insert(data.cats, "忽略id參數的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "連結")
end
end
end
-- Find embedded links and ensure they link to the correct section.
local function process_embedded_links(text, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, plain)
-- Process the non-linked text.
text = lang:makeDisplayText(text, sc, true)
-- If the text begins with * and another character, then act as if each link begins with *. However, don't do this if the * is contained within a link at the start. E.g. `|*[[foo]]` would set all_reconstructed to true, while `|[[*foo]]` would not.
local all_reconstructed = false
if not plain then
-- anchor_encode removes links etc.
if anchor_encode(text):sub(1, 1) == "*" then
all_reconstructed = true
end
-- Otherwise, handle any escapes.
text = text:gsub("^(\\-)\\%*", "%1*")
end
check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats)
local function process_link(space1, linktext, space2)
local capture = "[[" .. linktext .. "]]"
local link = parse_link(linktext)
-- Return unprocessed false positives untouched (e.g. categories).
if not link then
return capture
end
if all_reconstructed then
if link.target:find("^!!") then
-- Check for anti-asterisk !! at the beginning of a target, indicating that a reconstructed term
-- wants a part of the term to link to a non-reconstructed term, e.g. Old English
-- {{ang-noun|m|head=*[[!!Crist|Cristes]] [[!!mæsseǣfen]]}}.
link.target = link.target:sub(3)
-- Also remove !! from the display, which may have been copied from the target (as in mæsseǣfen in
-- the example above).
link.display = link.display:gsub("^!!", "")
elseif not link.target:match("^%*") then
link.target = "*" .. link.target
end
end
linktext = make_link(link, lang, sc, id, false, nil, no_alt_ast, plain)
:gsub("^%[%[", "\3")
:gsub("%]%]$", "\4")
return space1 .. linktext .. space2
end
-- Use chars 1 and 2 as temporary substitutions, so that we can use charsets. These are converted to chars 3 and 4 by process_link, which means we can convert any remaining chars 1 and 2 back to square brackets (i.e. those not part of a link).
text = text
:gsub("%[%[", "\1")
:gsub("%]%]", "\2")
-- If the script uses ^ to capitalize transliterations, make sure that any carets preceding links are on the inside, so that they get processed with the following text.
if (
text:find("^", nil, true) and
not sc:hasCapitalization() and
sc:isTransliterated()
) then
text = escape(text, "^")
:gsub("%^\1", "\1%^")
text = unescape(text, "^")
end
text = text:gsub("\1(%s*)([^\1\2]-)(%s*)\2", process_link)
-- Remove the extra * at the beginning of a language link if it's immediately followed by a link whose display begins with * too.
if all_reconstructed then
text = text:gsub("^%*\3([^|\1-\4]+)|%*", "\3%1|*")
end
return (text
:gsub("[\1\3]", "[[")
:gsub("[\2\4]", "]]")
)
end
local function simple_link(term, fragment, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat)
local plain
if lang == nil then
lang, plain = get_lang("und"), true
end
-- Get the link target and display text. If the term is the empty string, treat the input as a link to the current page.
if term == "" then
term = get_current_title().prefixedText
elseif term then
local new_term, new_alt = export.get_wikilink_parts(term)
if new_term then
check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats)
-- [[|foo]] links are treated as plaintext "[[|foo]]".
-- FIXME: Pipes should be handled via a proper escape sequence, as they can occur in unsupported titles.
if new_term == "" then
term, alt = nil, term
else
local title = new_title(new_term)
if title then
local ns = title.namespace
-- File: and Category: links should be returned as-is.
if ns == 6 or ns == 14 then
return term
end
end
term, alt = new_term, new_alt
if cats then
if not (suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat and suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat(term, alt)) then
-- insert(data.cats, "帶有多餘維基鏈接的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "鏈接")
end
end
end
end
end
if alt then
alt = selective_trim(alt)
if alt == "" then
alt = nil
end
end
-- If there's nothing to process, return nil.
if not (term or alt) then
return nil
end
-- If there is no script, get one.
if not sc then
sc = lang:findBestScript(alt or term)
end
-- Embedded wikilinks need to be processed individually.
if term then
local open = find(term, "[[", nil, true)
if open and find(term, "]]", open + 2, true) then
return process_embedded_links(term, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, plain)
end
term = selective_trim(term)
end
-- If not, make a link using the parameters.
return make_link({
target = term,
display = alt,
fragment = fragment
}, lang, sc, id, true, cats, no_alt_ast, plain)
end
--[==[
Create a basic link to the given term. It links to the language section (such as `==English==`), but it does not add
language and script wrappers, so any code that uses this function should call `[[Module:script utilities#tag_text]]`
to add such wrappers itself at some point. The first argument, `data`, may contain the following items, a subset of the
items used in the `data` argument of `##full_link`. If any other items are included, they are ignored.
{ {
term = "entry_to_link_to",
alt = "link_text_or_displayed_text",
lang = language_object,
sc = script_object,
fragment = "link_fragment",
id = "sense_id",
no_alt_ast = boolean,
suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat = function(term, alt) -> boolean,
cats = nil or {}, -- NOTE: If given, will be side-effected to return categories to add the page to.
} }
Specifically:
* `term`: Term to turn into a link. This is generally the name of a page, possibly with extra diacritics added (e.g.
length marks in Latin or Old English terms, accents in Russian terms, vowel diacritics in Arabic terms, etc.), which
are stripped to determine the actual pagename. The term can contain wikilinks already embedded in it. These are
processed individually just like a single link would be. The `alt` argument is ignored in this case.
* `alt`: The alternative display for the link, if different from the linked page. If this is {nil}, the `term` argument
is used instead (much like regular wikilinks). If `term` contains wikilinks in it, this argument is ignored and has no
effect. (Links in which the alt is ignored are tracked with the tracking template
{{whatlinkshere|tracking=links/alt-ignored}}.)
* `lang` ('''required'''): The [[Module:languages#Language objects|language object]] for the term being linked. The link
or links in `term` will normally have their fragment set to point to the canonical name (see
{{tl|language data documentation}}) of `lang` (or, if it is an etymology-only language, to the canonical name of its
L2 parent). (However, if `id` is defined, the fragment will point to a language-specific sense ID corresponding to
this field, which in turn will be overridden by `fragment` if specified.)
* `sc`: The [[Module:scripts#Script objects|script object]] for the term being linked. This rarely needs to be specified
because it is autodetected based on `term` or `alt`, and the detection is usually correct. It is used to determine
how to convert the term into a pagename, possibly by stripping certain diacritics from the term's text.
* `fragment`: If specified, overrides the fragment in the generated link (i.e. the portion after `#`, which determines
where on the page to go to when the link is clicked). If not specified, the fragment is generated from `id` (if given)
or otherwise from `lang`.
* `id`: Sense ID string. If this argument is defined, the link will point to a language-specific sense ID
({{ll|en|identifier|id=HTML}}) created by the template {{temp|senseid}}. The fragment for a sense ID consists of the
language's canonical name, a hyphen (`-`), and the string that was supplied as the `id` argument. This is useful when
a term has more than one sense in a language. If the `term` argument contains wikilinks, this argument is ignored.
(Links in which the sense ID is ignored are tracked with the tracking template
{{whatlinkshere|tracking=links/id-ignored}}.)
* `no_alt_ast`: This is the same as `no_alt_ast` in `##full_link()`. See that function for more information.
* `suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat`: This is the same as `suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat` in `##full_link()`. See
that function for more information.
* `cats`: This should be either {nil} or an empty list. In the latter case, tracking categories will be added to the
list when appropriate. The caller can choose to add the page to those categories (as is done by ##full_link()`).
The following special options are processed for each link (both simple terms and with embedded wikilinks):
* The target page name will be processed by stripping certain diacritics (as mentioned above) and converting the
resulting ''logical'' pagename to a ''physical'' pagename (which will be different from the logical pagename in the
case of pages with unsupported characters in them and certain overly large pages, such as [[a]], that are split into
parts).
* If the term starts with `*`, then it is considered a reconstructed term, and a link to the `Reconstruction:` namespace
will be created. If the text contains embedded wikilinks, then `*` is automatically applied to each one individually,
while preserving the displayed form of each link as it was given. This allows linking to phrases containing multiple
reconstructed terms, while only showing the `*` once at the beginning.
* If the text starts with `:`, then the link is treated as "raw" and the above steps are skipped. This can be used in
rare cases where the page name begins with `*` or if diacritics should not be stripped. For example:
** {{tl|l|en|*nix}} links to the nonexistent page [[Reconstruction:English/nix]] (`*` is interpreted as a
reconstruction), but {{tl|l|en|:*nix}} links to [[*nix]].
** {{tl|l|sl|Franche-Comté}} links to the nonexistent page [[Franche-Comte]] (`é` is converted to `e` by the
diacritic-stripping process), but {{tl|l|sl|:Franche-Comté}} links to [[Franche-Comté]].
]==]
function export.language_link(data)
if type(data) ~= "table" then
error(
"The first argument to the function language_link must be a table. See [[Module:links/documentation]] for more information.")
elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "language_link")
end
-- Categorize links to "und".
local lang, cats = data.lang, data.cats
if cats and lang:getCode() == "und" then
insert(cats, "不確定的語言連結")
end
return simple_link(
data.term,
data.fragment,
data.alt,
lang,
data.sc,
data.id,
cats,
data.no_alt_ast,
data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat
)
end
function export.plain_link(data)
if type(data) ~= "table" then
error(
"The first argument to the function plain_link must be a table. See Module:links/documentation for more information.")
elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "plain_link")
end
return simple_link(
data.term,
data.fragment,
data.alt,
nil,
data.sc,
data.id,
data.cats,
data.no_alt_ast,
data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat
)
end
--[==[Replace any links with links to the correct section, but don't link the whole text if no embedded links are found. Returns the display text form.]==]
function export.embedded_language_links(data)
if type(data) ~= "table" then
error(
"The first argument to the function embedded_language_links must be a table. See Module:links/documentation for more information.")
elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "embedded_language_links")
end
local term, lang, sc = data.term, data.lang, data.sc
-- If we don't have a script, get one.
if not sc then
sc = lang:findBestScript(term)
end
-- Do we have embedded wikilinks? If so, they need to be processed individually.
local open = find(term, "[[", nil, true)
if open and find(term, "]]", open + 2, true) then
return process_embedded_links(term, data.alt, lang, sc, data.id, data.cats, data.no_alt_ast)
end
-- If not, return the display text.
term = selective_trim(term)
-- FIXME: Double-escape any percent-signs, because we don't want to treat non-linked text as having percent-encoded
-- characters. This is a hack: percent-decoding should come out of [[Module:languages]] and only dealt with in this
-- module, as it's specific to links.
term = term:gsub("%%", "%%25")
return lang:makeDisplayText(term, sc, true)
end
function export.mark(text, item_type, face, lang)
local tag = { "", "" }
if item_type == "gloss" then
tag = { '<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">',
'</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>' }
if type(text) == "string" and text:match("^''[^'].*''$") then
-- Temporary tracking for mention glosses that are entirely italicized or bolded, which is probably
-- wrong. (Note that this will also find bolded mention glosses since they use triple apostrophes.)
track("italicized-mention-gloss", lang and lang:getFullCode() or nil)
end
elseif item_type == "tr" then
if face == "term" then
tag = { '<span lang="' .. lang:getFullCode() .. '" class="tr mention-tr Latn">',
'</span>' }
else
tag = { '<span lang="' .. lang:getFullCode() .. '" class="tr Latn">', '</span>' }
end
elseif item_type == "ts" then
-- \226\129\160 = word joiner (zero-width non-breaking space) U+2060
tag = { '<span class="ts mention-ts Latn">/\226\129\160', '\226\129\160/</span>' }
elseif item_type == "pos" then
tag = { '<span class="ann-pos">', '</span>' }
elseif item_type == "non-gloss" then
tag = { '<span class="ann-non-gloss">', '</span>' }
elseif item_type == "annotations" then
tag = { '<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>',
'<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>' }
elseif item_type == "infl" then
tag = { '<span class="ann-infl">', '</span>' }
end
if type(text) == "string" then
return tag[1] .. text .. tag[2]
else
return ""
end
end
--[=[
Implementation of `format_transliteration` and `format_transcription`. The implementation is identical except that the
field containing the transliteration or transcription may vary and is specified in `field`, and the way a given
transliteration or transcription is tagged may vary and is controlled by `tag_fn`, which is passed three parameters:
`text` (the transliteration or transcription), `lang` (the language passed in) and `face` (the face passed in).
On input, `item` is the transliteration or transcription or list of such objects; `field` is either {"tr"} or {"ts"};
`tag_fn` is a function of three parameters to tag the item, as described above; `lang` is the language object of the
term whose transliteration or transcription is specified; and `face` is a string indicating how to display the item
(generally only the strings {"term"} and {"default"} are recognized).
]=]
local function format_transliteration_or_transcription(item, field, tag_fn, lang, item_face)
if type(item) == "string" then
return tag_fn(item, lang, item_face)
end
local formatted_items = {}
for _, itemobj in ipairs(item) do
local tagged_item = tag_fn(itemobj[field], lang, item_face)
tagged_item = add_text_decorations(tagged_item, item, lang)
insert(formatted_items, tagged_item)
end
if formatted_items[2] then
-- FIXME: This should be customizable.
return concat(formatted_items, " <small>或</small> ") -- l10n
else
return formatted_items[1]
end
end
--[==[
Format a transliteration string or list of transliteration objects. `tr` contains the transliteration(s), which for
forward compatibility reasons can only be either a single transliteration string or a list of transliteration objects
(each of which has a `tr` field holding the transliteration and optional fields `q`, `qq`, `l`, `ll` and/or `refs`).
This correctly handles multiple transliterations as well as decorations (qualifiers, labels or references) attached to
transliterations.
]==]
function export.format_transliteration(tr, lang, face)
return format_transliteration_or_transcription(tr, "tr", tag_translit, lang, face)
end
local function tag_transcription(ts, _lang, _face)
return export.mark(ts, "ts")
end
--[==[
Format a transcription string or list of transcription objects. `ts` contains the transcription(s), which for forward
compatibility reasons can only be either a single transcription string or a list of transcription objects (each of which
has a `ts` field holding the transcription and optional decoration fields `q`, `qq`, `l`, `ll` and/or `refs`). This
correctly handles multiple transcriptions as well as decorations (qualifiers, labels or references) attached to
transcriptions.
]==]
function export.format_transcription(ts, lang, face)
return format_transliteration_or_transcription(ts, "ts", tag_transcription, lang, face)
end
local pos_tags
--[==[
Format the annotations that are displayed with a link created by `full_link()`. Annotations are the extra bits of
information that are displayed following the linked term, and include things such as gender, transliteration, gloss,
etc. The first argument is a table with some or all of the following keys (all are optional):
* `interwiki`: An interwiki link. This is used for links in translation tables to the corresponding term in another
Wiktionary. If specified, it should be a fully formatted link and is inserted as-is at the beginning of the output.
See the `interwiki()` function in [[Module:translations]].
* `genders`: Table containing a list of gender specifications in the style of [[Module:gender and number]]. If
specified, these are formatted using `format_genders()` in [[Module:gender and number]] and the result inserted at
the beginning of the output, following any interwiki link and (in all cases) directly after a no-break space.
* `tr`: Transliteration or transliterations. Currently, this is always a one-item list. It is a list because of
potential support for per-alternant transliterations due to the multiple alternants (separated by `//`) that can be
specified in `term` or `alt`. The item in the list can be either a string or a list of transliteration objects (see
`format_transliteration()`).
* `ts`: Transcription or transcriptions. Like `tr`, this is currently always a one-item list, with the item being either
a single string or a list of transcription objects, as described in `format_transcription()`.
* `gloss`: Gloss that translates the term in the link.
* `pos`: Part of speech of the linked term. If the given argument matches one of the aliases in `pos_aliases` in
[[Module:headword/data]], or consists of a part of speech or alias followed by `f` (for a non-lemma form), expand it
appropriately. Otherwise, just show the given text as it is.
* `infl`: A list of tags, each a string. Multiple tag sets may be encoded in this list by separating them with an
element consisting of a semicolon. If there are multiple tag sets, they are formatted individually and separated
by a semicolon + space.
* `ng`: Arbitrary non-gloss descriptive text for the link. This should be used in preference to putting descriptive text
in `gloss` or `pos`.
* `lit`: Literal meaning of the term, if the usual meaning is figurative or idiomatic.
* `postprocess_annotations`: A function to postprocess the annotations, after they have been formatted (see below).
The `interwiki` and `genders` properties are formatted specially, and `postprocess_annotations` is a callback function
rather than an item to display; all others are formatted (each in their own way), separated by commas and placed inside
of parentheses (except that if both transliteration and transcription are present, they are separated by a space). The
order of the annotations is `tr`+`ts`, `gloss`, `pos`, `infl`, `ng` and `lit`. The `postprocess_annotations` function,
if supplied, is passed a single object, a table with two keys `data` (the `data` object passed into
`format_link_annotations()`) and `annotations` (the formatted annotations, prior to being concatenated). It should
side-effect the `annotations` list, e.g. by inserting more annotations. (It is used to handle nested inflections in
[[Module:headword]]. FIXME: It should probably be generalized so that it can return the final formatted string, to allow
for e.g. changing the way the annotations are formatted.)
* The second argument is a string controlling the "face" that the terms are displayed in. Currently it only affects
transliteration and transcription and only when the value {"term"} is passed in, in which case those annotations are
displayed italicized.
]==]
function export.format_link_annotations(data, face)
local output = {}
-- Interwiki link
if data.interwiki then
insert(output, data.interwiki)
end
-- Genders
if type(data.genders) ~= "table" then
data.genders = { data.genders }
end
if data.genders and data.genders[1] then
local genders, gender_cats = format_genders(data.genders, data.lang)
insert(output, " " .. genders)
if gender_cats then
local cats = data.cats
if cats then
extend(cats, gender_cats)
end
end
end
local annotations = {}
-- Transliteration and transcription
local tr = data.tr and data.tr[1] or nil
local ts = data.ts and data.ts[1] or nil
if tr or ts then
local item_face
if face == "term" then
item_face = face
else
item_face = "default"
end
local formatted_tr = tr and export.format_transliteration(tr, data.lang, item_face) or nil
local formatted_ts = ts and export.format_transcription(ts, data.lang, item_face) or nil
if formatted_tr and formatted_ts then
insert(annotations, formatted_tr .. " " .. formatted_ts)
else
insert(annotations, formatted_tr or formatted_ts)
end
end
-- Gloss/translation
if data.gloss then
insert(annotations, export.mark(data.gloss, "gloss"))
end
-- Part of speech
if data.pos then
-- debug category for pos= containing transcriptions
if data.pos:match("/[^><]-/") then
data.pos = data.pos .. "[[Category:links likely containing transcriptions in pos]]"
end
-- Canonicalize part of speech aliases as well as non-lemma aliases like 'nf' or 'nounf' for "noun form".
pos_tags = pos_tags or (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).pos_aliases
local pos = pos_tags[data.pos]
if not pos and data.pos:find("f$") then
local pos_form = data.pos:sub(1, -2)
-- We only expand something ending in 'f' if the result is a recognized non-lemma POS.
pos_form = (pos_tags[pos_form] or pos_form) .. " form"
if (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).nonlemmas[pos_form .. "s"] then
pos = pos_form
end
end
insert(annotations, export.mark(pos or data.pos, "pos"))
end
-- Inflection data
if data.infl then
local m_form_of = require(form_of_module)
-- Split tag sets manually, since tagged_inflections creates a numbered list, and we do not want that.
local infl_outputs = {}
local tag_sets = m_form_of.split_tag_set(data.infl)
for _, tag_set in ipairs(tag_sets) do
table.insert(infl_outputs,
m_form_of.tagged_inflections({ tags = tag_set, lang = data.lang, nocat = true, nolink = true, nowrap = true }))
end
insert(annotations, export.mark(table.concat(infl_outputs, ";"), "infl")) -- l10n
end
-- Non-gloss text
if data.ng then
insert(annotations, export.mark(data.ng, "non-gloss"))
end
-- Literal/sum-of-parts meaning
if data.lit then
insert(annotations, "字面意思是" .. export.mark(data.lit, "gloss"))
end
-- Provide a hook to insert additional annotations such as nested inflections.
if data.postprocess_annotations then
data.postprocess_annotations {
data = data,
annotations = annotations
}
end
if annotations[1] then
insert(output, " " .. export.mark(concat(annotations, ","), "annotations"))
end
return concat(output)
end
-- Encode certain characters to avoid various delimiter-related issues at various stages. We need to encode < and >
-- because they end up forming part of CSS class names inside of <span ...> and will interfere with finding the end
-- of the HTML tag. I first tried converting them to URL encoding, i.e. %3C and %3E; they then appear in the URL as
-- %253C and %253E, which get mapped back to %3C and %3E when passed to [[Module:accel]]. But mapping them to <
-- and > somehow works magically without any further work; they appear in the URL as < and >, and get passed to
-- [[Module:accel]] as < and >. I have no idea who along the chain of calls is doing the encoding and decoding. If
-- someone knows, please modify this comment appropriately!
local accel_char_map
local function get_accel_char_map()
accel_char_map = {
["%"] = ".",
[" "] = "_",
["_"] = u(0xFFF0),
["<"] = "<",
[">"] = ">",
}
return accel_char_map
end
local function encode_accel_param_chars(param)
return (param:gsub("[%% <>_]", accel_char_map or get_accel_char_map()))
end
local function encode_accel_param(prefix, param)
if not param then
return ""
end
if type(param) == "table" then
local filled_params = {}
-- There may be gaps in the sequence, especially for translit params.
local maxindex = 0
for k in pairs(param) do
if type(k) == "number" and k > maxindex then
maxindex = k
end
end
for i = 1, maxindex do
filled_params[i] = param[i] or ""
end
-- [[Module:accel]] splits these up again.
param = concat(filled_params, "*~!")
end
-- This is decoded again by [[WT:ACCEL]].
return prefix .. encode_accel_param_chars(param)
end
local function insert_if_not_blank(list, item)
if item == "" then
return
end
insert(list, item)
end
local function get_css_classes(lang, tr, accel, nowrap)
if not accel and not nowrap then
return ""
end
local classes = {}
if accel then
insert(classes, "form-of lang-" .. lang:getFullCode())
local form = accel.form
if form then
insert(classes, encode_accel_param_chars(form) .. "-form-of")
end
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("gender-", accel.gender))
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("pos-", accel.pos))
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("transliteration-", accel.translit or (tr ~= "-" and tr or nil)))
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("target-", accel.target))
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("origin-", accel.lemma))
insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("origin_transliteration-", accel.lemma_translit))
if accel.no_store then
insert(classes, "form-of-nostore")
end
end
if nowrap then
insert(classes, nowrap)
end
return concat(classes, " ")
end
--[==[
Creates a full link, with annotations (see `##format_link_annotations`), in the style of {{tl|l}} or {{tl|m}}.
The first argument, `data`, must be a table. It contains the various elements that can be supplied as parameters to
{{tl|l}} or {{tl|m}}:
{ {
-- Basic link-related fields
term = "entry_to_link_to",
alt = "link_text_or_displayed_text",
lang = language_object,
sc = script_object,
fragment = "link_fragment",
id = "sense_id",
accel = {accelerated_creation_tags},
-- Link annotation fields
interwiki = "interwiki_link",
genders = {"gender1", "gender2", ...} or {{spec = "gender1", q = {"left qualifier", ...}, qq = {"right qualifier"}, ...}, ...},
tr = "transliteration" or "-" or {{tr = "transliteration", q = {"left_qualifier", ...}, qq = {"right_qualifier", ...}, ..., genders = {gender_spec, ...}}, ...},
ts = "transcription" or {{ts = "transliteration", q = {"left_qualifier", ...}, qq = {"right_qualifier", ...}, ..., genders = {gender_spec, ...}}, ...},
gloss = "gloss",
pos = "part_of_speech_tag",
infl = {"infl1_tag1", "infl1_tag2", ..., ";", "infl2_tag1", "infl2_tag2", ...},
ng = "non-gloss text",
lit = "literal_translation",
postprocess_annotations = function({data = full_link_data, annotations = {"annotation1", "annotation2", ...}}) -> nil,
-- Other transliteration-related fields
respect_link_tr = boolean,
never_call_transliteration_module = boolean,
suppress_tr = boolean,
-- Decoration fields
q = { "left_qualifier1", "left_qualifier2", ...} or "left_qualifier",
qq = { "right_qualifier1", "right_qualifier2", ...} or "right_qualifier",
l = { "left_label1", "left_label2", ...},
ll = { "right_label1", "right_label2", ...},
a = { "left_accent_qualifier1", "left_accent_qualifier2", ...},
aa = { "right_accent_qualifier1", "right_accent_qualifier2", ...},
refs = { "formatted_ref1", "formatted_ref2", ...} or { {text = "text", name = "name", group = "group"}, ... },
pretext = "text_at_beginning",
posttext = "text_at_end",
show_decorations = boolean,
-- Fields controlling tracking categories
track_sc = boolean,
no_nonstandard_sc_cat = boolean,
suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat = function(term, alt) -> boolean,
-- Miscellaneous fields
no_alt_ast = boolean,
no_generate_alternants = boolean,
} }
Any one of the items in the `data` table (except for `lang`) may be {nil}. If none of `term`, `alt` and `tr` is present,
a term request will be shown. Thus, calling {full_link{ term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }}, where `term` is the page
to link to (which may have diacritics that will be stripped and/or embedded bracketed links) and `lang` is a
[[Module:languages#Language objects|language object]] from [[Module:languages]], will give a plain link similar to the
one produced by the template {{tl|l}}, and calling {full_link( { term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }, "term" )} will
give a link similar to the one produced by the template {{tl|m}}.
The function will:
* Try to determine the script, based on the characters found in the `term` or `alt` argument, if the script was not
given. If a script is given and `track_sc` is {true}, it will check whether the input script is the same as the one
which would have been automatically generated and add the category ` ``lang`` terms with redundant script codes` if
yes, or ` ``lang`` terms with non-redundant manual script codes` if no. This should be used when the input script
object is directly determined by a template's `sc` parameter.
* Call `simple_link()` on the `term` or `alt` forms, to remove diacritics in the page name, process any embedded
wikilinks and create links to Reconstruction or Appendix pages when necessary. (`simple_link()` is almost exactly the
same as `##language_link()`; the latter is a simple wrapper around the former that adds a bit of extra tracking.)
* Call `[[Module:script utilities#tag_text]]` to add the appropriate language and script tags to the term and
italicize terms written in the Latin script if necessary. Accelerated creation tags, as used by [[WT:ACCEL]], are
included.
* Generate a transliteration, based on the `alt` or `term` arguments, if the script is not Latin, no transliteration was
provided in `tr` and the combination of the term's language and script support automatic transliteration. The
transliteration itself will be linked if both `.respect_link_tr` is specified and the language of the term has the
`link_tr` property set for the script of the term; but not otherwise.
* Add the annotations (transliteration, gender, gloss, etc.) after the link.
* If `no_alt_ast` is specified, then the `alt` text does not need to contain an asterisk if the language is
reconstructed. This should only be used by modules which really need to allow links to reconstructions that don't
display asterisks (e.g. number boxes).
* If `suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat` is specified, it should be a function that indicates whether to suppress the
generation of the ` ``lang`` links with redundant wikilinks` tracking category. It is passed two arguments, the `term`
and `alt` parameters. Normally, this tracking category is added whenever the `term` argument consists entirely of a
one-part or two-part embedded link, which is considered "redundant" in that the link can be rewritten into separate
`term` and `alt` arguments without any embedded links. For certain wrapping templates, however, otherwise "redundant"
embedded links are necessary to prevent interpretation of certain characters as delimiters. For example, {{tl|col}}
and related templates use `~` as a separator, as well as `,` when not followed by a space. In these templates,
embedded links are required to correctly link to terms containing those delimiters, such as [[Micros~1]] and
[[1,6-Cleves acid]], but will incorrectly trigger the addition of the tracking category unless the appropriate
`suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat` function is given.
* If `pretext` or `posttext` is specified, this is text to (respectively) prepend or append to the output, directly
before processing decorations (qualifiers, labels and references). This can be used to add arbitrary extra text inside
of the decorations.
* If `show_decorations` is specified, then decorations specified in `data` (i.e. left and right qualifiers, accent
qualifiers, labels and references) will be displayed, otherwise they will be ignored. (This is because a fair amount
of code stores decorations in these fields and displays them itself, rather than expecting {full_link()} to display
them.)
* ]==]
function export.full_link(data, face, allow_self_link, show_qualifiers)
if type(data) ~= "table" then
error("The first argument to the function full_link must be a table. "
.. "See Module:links/documentation for more information.")
elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "full_link")
end
if show_qualifiers then
-- FIXME: Eventually remove the error code. Added 2026-09-17, remove after 2026-10-17 or so.
error("Can't pass fourth parameter `show_qualifiers` any more. Set `show_decorations = true` on data.")
end
if data.show_qualifiers then
-- FIXME: Eventually remove the error code. Added 2026-09-18, remove after 2026-10-18 or so.
error("Can't set field `show_qualifiers`; use `show_decorations`")
end
if data.no_generate_forms then
-- FIXME: Eventually remove the error code. Added 2026-09-14, remove after 2026-10-14 or so.
error("Can't set field `no_generate_forms`; use `no_generate_alternants`")
end
-- Prevent data from being destructively modified.
data = shallow_copy(data)
data.cats = {}
-- Categorize links to "und".
local lang, cats = data.lang, data.cats
if cats and lang:getCode() == "und" then
insert(cats, "不確定的語言連結")
end
local terms = { true }
-- Generate multiple alternants if applicable.
for _, param in ipairs { "term", "alt" } do
if type(data[param]) == "string" and data[param]:find("//", nil, true) then
data[param] = export.split_on_slashes(data[param])
elseif type(data[param]) == "string" and not (type(data.term) == "string" and data.term:find("//", nil, true)) then
if not data.no_generate_alternants then
data[param] = lang:generateAlternants(data[param])
else
data[param] = { data[param] }
end
else
data[param] = {}
end
end
for _, param in ipairs { "sc", "tr", "ts" } do
data[param] = { data[param] }
end
for _, param in ipairs { "term", "alt", "sc", "tr", "ts" } do
for i in pairs(data[param]) do
terms[i] = true
end
end
-- Create the link
local outparts = {}
local id, no_alt_ast, suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat, accel, never_call_transliteration_module =
data.id, data.no_alt_ast, data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat, data.accel,
data.never_call_transliteration_module
local link_tr = data.respect_link_tr and lang:link_tr(data.sc[1])
for i in ipairs(terms) do
local link
-- Is there any text to show?
if (data.term[i] or data.alt[i]) then
-- Try to detect the script if it was not provided
local display_term = data.alt[i] or data.term[i]
local best = lang:findBestScript(display_term)
-- no_nonstandard_sc_cat is intended for use in [[Module:interproject]]
if (
not data.no_nonstandard_sc_cat and
best:getCode() == "None" and
find_best_script_without_lang(display_term):getCode() ~= "None"
) then
-- insert(data.cats, "使用非標準文字的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "詞")
end
if not data.sc[i] then
data.sc[i] = best
-- Track uses of sc parameter.
elseif data.track_sc then
if data.sc[i]:getCode() == best:getCode() then
-- insert(data.cats, "有多餘文字代碼的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "詞")
else
-- insert(data.cats, "有非多餘手動文字代碼的" .. data.lang:getFullName() .. "詞")
end
end
-- If using a discouraged character sequence, add to maintenance category
if data.sc[i]:hasNormalizationFixes() == true then
if (data.term[i] and data.sc[i]:fixDiscouragedSequences(toNFC(data.term[i])) ~= toNFC(data.term[i])) or (data.alt[i] and data.sc[i]:fixDiscouragedSequences(toNFC(data.alt[i])) ~= toNFC(data.alt[i])) then
insert(cats, "Pages using discouraged character sequences")
end
end
link = simple_link(
data.term[i],
data.fragment,
data.alt[i],
lang,
data.sc[i],
id,
cats,
no_alt_ast,
suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat
)
end
-- simple_link can return nil, so check if a link has been generated.
if link then
-- Add "nowrap" class to prefixes in order to prevent wrapping after the hyphen
local nowrap
local display_term = data.alt[i] or data.term[i]
if display_term and (display_term:find("^%-") or display_term:find("^־")) then -- Hebrew maqqef -- FIXME, use hyphens from [[Module:affix]]
nowrap = "nowrap"
end
link = tag_text(link, lang, data.sc[i], face, get_css_classes(lang, data.tr[i], accel, nowrap))
else
--[[ No term to show.
Is there at least a transliteration we can work from? ]]
link = request_script(lang, data.sc[i])
-- No link to show, and no transliteration either. Show a term request (unless it's a substrate, as they rarely take terms).
if (link == "" or (not data.tr[i]) or data.tr[i] == "-") and lang:getFamilyCode() ~= "qfa-sub" then
-- If there are multiple terms, break the loop instead.
if i > 1 then
remove(outparts)
break
elseif NAMESPACE ~= "Template" then
insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. "詞請求")
end
link = "<small>[具體何詞?]</small>"
end
end
insert(outparts, link)
if i < #terms then insert(outparts, "<span class=\"Zsym mention\" style=\"font-size:100%;\">/</span>") end
end
-- When suppress_tr is true, do not show or generate any transliteration
if data.suppress_tr then
data.tr[1] = nil
else
-- TODO: Currently only handles the first transliteration, pending consensus on how to handle multiple translits for multiple forms, as this is not always desirable (e.g. traditional/simplified Chinese).
if data.tr[1] == "" or data.tr[1] == "-" then
data.tr[1] = nil
else
local phonetic_extraction = load_data("Module:links/data").phonetic_extraction
phonetic_extraction = phonetic_extraction[lang:getCode()] or phonetic_extraction[lang:getFullCode()]
if phonetic_extraction then
data.tr[1] = data.tr[1] or
require(phonetic_extraction).getTranslit(export.remove_links(data.alt[1] or data.term[1]))
elseif (data.term[1] or data.alt[1]) and data.sc[1]:isTransliterated() then
-- Track whenever there is manual translit. The categories below like 'terms with redundant transliterations'
-- aren't sufficient because they only work with reference to automatic translit and won't operate at all in
-- languages without any automatic translit, like Persian and Hebrew.
if data.tr[1] then
local full_code = lang:getFullCode()
track("manual-tr", full_code)
end
if not never_call_transliteration_module then
-- Try to generate a transliteration.
local text = data.alt[1] or data.term[1]
if not link_tr then
text = export.remove_links(text, true)
end
local automated_tr = lang:transliterate(text, data.sc[1])
if automated_tr then
local manual_tr = data.tr[1]
if manual_tr then
if export.remove_links(manual_tr) == export.remove_links(automated_tr) then
insert(cats, "有多餘轉寫的" .. lang:getFullName() .. "詞")
else
-- Prevents Arabic root categories from flooding the tracking categories.
if NAMESPACE ~= "Category" then
-- insert(cats,
-- "有非多餘手動轉寫的" .. lang:getFullName() .. "詞")
end
end
end
if not manual_tr or lang:overrideManualTranslit(data.sc[1]) then
data.tr[1] = automated_tr
end
end
end
end
end
end
-- Link to the transliteration entry for languages that require this
if data.tr[1] and link_tr and not data.tr[1]:match("%[%[(.-)%]%]") then
data.tr[1] = simple_link(
data.tr[1],
nil,
nil,
lang,
get_script("Latn"),
nil,
cats,
no_alt_ast,
suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat
)
elseif data.tr[1] and not link_tr then
-- Remove the pseudo-HTML tags added by remove_links.
data.tr[1] = data.tr[1]:gsub("</?link>", "")
end
if data.tr[1] and not umatch(data.tr[1], "[^%s%p]") then data.tr[1] = nil end
insert(outparts, export.format_link_annotations(data, face))
if data.pretext then
insert(outparts, 1, data.pretext)
end
if data.posttext then
insert(outparts, data.posttext)
end
local categories = cats[1] and format_categories(cats, lang, "-", nil, nil, data.sc) or ""
local output = concat(outparts)
if data.show_decorations then
output = add_text_decorations(output, data, lang)
end
return output .. categories
end
--[==[
Strip links by replacing all wikilinks with their displayed text, and remove any categories. This function can be
invoked either from a template or from another module. Specifically, this function deletes category links, the targets
of piped links, and any double square brackets involved in links (other than file links, which are untouched). If `tag`
is set, then any links removed will be given pseudo-HTML tags, which allow the substitution functions in
[[Module:languages]] to properly subdivide the text in order to reduce the chance of substitution failures in modules
which scrape pages like [[Module:zh-translit]]. (FIXME: This is quite hacky. We probably want this to be integrated
into [[Module:languages]], but we can't do that until we know that nothing is pushing pipe linked transliterations
through it for languages which don't have link_tr set.)
* `<nowiki>[[page|displayed text]]</nowiki>` → `displayed text`
* `<nowiki>[[page and displayed text]]</nowiki>` → `page and displayed text`
* `<nowiki>[[Category:English lemmas|WORD]]</nowiki>` → ''(nothing)''
]==]
function export.remove_links(text, tag)
if type(text) == "table" then
text = text.args[1]
end
if not text or text == "" then
return ""
end
text = text
:gsub("%[%[", "\1")
:gsub("%]%]", "\2")
-- Parse internal links for the display text.
text = text:gsub("(\1)([^\1\2]-)(\2)",
function(c1, c2, c3)
-- Don't remove files.
for _, false_positive in ipairs({ "file", "image" }) do
if c2:lower():match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then return c1 .. c2 .. c3 end
end
-- Remove categories completely.
for _, false_positive in ipairs({ "category", "cat" }) do
if c2:lower():match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then return "" end
end
-- In piped links, remove all text before the pipe, unless it's the final character (i.e. the pipe trick), in which case just remove the pipe.
c2 = c2:match("^[^|]*|(.+)") or c2:match("([^|]+)|$") or c2
if tag then
return "<link>" .. c2 .. "</link>"
else
return c2
end
end)
text = text
:gsub("\1", "[[")
:gsub("\2", "]]")
text = text:gsub("-{", "") -- l10n
text = text:gsub("}%-", "") -- l10n
return text
end
function export.section_link(link)
if type(link) ~= "string" then
error("The first argument to section_link was a " .. type(link) .. ", but it should be a string.")
elseif link:find("\\", nil, true) then
track("escaped", "section_link")
end
local target, section = get_fragment((link:gsub("_", " ")))
if not section then
error("No \"#\" delineating a section name")
end
return simple_link(
target,
section,
target .. " § " .. section
)
end
return export
dpng8u43fc6tutbr2970uf29ju47v8r
Module:Category tree/non-lemma forms
828
1365073
9934845
9707690
2026-09-30T15:39:53Z
TongcyDai
53191
+變體詞元、變體非詞元形式(搬自 enwikt)
9934845
Scribunto
text/plain
local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
labels["非詞元形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}詞元的變形形式,依其詞性分類。",
umbrella_parents = "分類",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}
labels["主動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["active adjectival participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express an agent actively performing an action.",
parents = {"分詞", "形容詞"},
}
labels["形容詞分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives.",
parents = {"分詞", "形容詞"},
}
labels["augmentative adjectives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjective that are derived from a base adjective to convey greatness.",
parents = {"形容詞"},
}
labels["形容詞比較級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to display relative degrees of given qualities between nouns.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "比較級變格形"}},
}
labels["adjective construct forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "construct"}},
}
labels["adjective definite forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to specific and identifiable nouns.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "definite forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞雙數形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to be quantified as two.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "雙數變格形"}},
}
labels["adjective equative forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to display similar degrees of given qualities between nouns, i.e. '''A''' is as ''(insert adjective)'' as '''B'''.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "equative forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞陰性變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated to female beings.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "feminine forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}形容詞除原形以外的屈折形式。",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "形容詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["adjective indefinite forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to unspecified nouns.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "indefinite forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞陽性變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated to male beings.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "masculine forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞中性變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns associated neither to male nor to female beings.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "neuter forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞複數變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns quantified as more than one (more than two in some languages with dual number).",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "plural forms"}},
}
labels["形容詞最高級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns in their highest possible degrees.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "最高級變格形"}},
}
labels["形容詞呼格變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that are inflected to give attributes to nouns in vocative case, that identify them as being addressed by the speakers.",
parents = {{name = "形容詞變格形", sort = "vocative forms"}},
}
labels["副詞比較級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adverbs that are inflected to display relative degrees between affected clauses, sentences or phrases.",
parents = {{name = "副詞變格形", sort = "比較級變格形"}},
}
labels["副詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}副詞除原形以外的屈折形式。",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "副詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["副詞最高級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adverbs that are inflected to modify clauses, sentences and phrases in their highest possible degrees.",
parents = {{name = "副詞變格形", sort = "最高級變格形"}},
}
labels["狀語分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs.",
parents = {"分詞", "副詞"},
}
labels["agent participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent by who something is done.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["anterior adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action completed before the one expressed by the primary verb.",
parents = {"分詞", "副詞"},
}
labels["冠詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}冠詞除原形以外的屈折形式。",
parents = {"限定詞變格形", {name = "冠詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["環綴變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} circumfixes that are inflected to express grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"詞素變格形", {name = "環綴", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["形容詞比較級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} comparative adjectives that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"形容詞變格形", {name = "形容詞比較級", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["contemporary adverbial participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express an action occuring simultaneously with the one expressed by the primary verb.",
parents = {"分詞", "副詞"},
}
labels["converbs"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that build clauses which function as adverbials.",
parents = {"動詞變位形式"},
}
labels["限定詞比較級變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} determiners that are inflected to display relative degrees of given qualities between nouns.",
parents = {{name = "限定詞變格形", sort = "比較級變格形"}},
}
labels["限定詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}限定詞除原形以外的屈折形式。",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "限定詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["diminutive gerunds"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} diminutives of gerunds.",
parents = {"動詞變位形式"},
}
labels["extended adjective forms"] = {
parents = {"形容詞變格形"},
}
labels["未來時主動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in future time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["未來分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that indicate future events.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["未來時被動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in future time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["動名詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate ongoing events at unspecified moments.",
parents = {"動詞變位形式"},
}
labels["infinitive forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} infinitives that are conjugated to express grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"infinitives"},
}
labels["不定式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} non-finite verb forms of various kinds.",
parents = {"動詞變位形式"},
}
labels["感嘆詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} interjections that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "感嘆詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["詞素變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} morphemes that are inflected to express grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "詞素", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["詞首音變形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {"非詞元形式"},
}
local inflected_pos_for_mutation = {
"形容詞",
"副詞",
"限定詞",
"感嘆詞",
"名詞",
"數詞",
"分詞",
"助詞",
"前綴",
"介詞",
"代詞",
"專有名詞",
"動詞",
}
for _, pos in ipairs(inflected_pos_for_mutation) do
local plpos = pos
labels["詞首音變" .. plpos] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} " .. plpos .. " whose initial consonant is mutated due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {pos .. (pos == "動詞" and "變位形式" or "變格形"), {name = "詞首音變形式", sort = pos}},
}
end
local mutation_types = {
-- FIXME, we should add these terms to [[Appendix:Glossary]] and link to them.
["eclipsed"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Eclipsis|eclipsis]]",
["弱化音變"] = "[[Appendix:Irish mutations#Lenition|lenition]]",
["h-增音"] = "[[h-prothesis]]",
["t-增音"] = "[[t-prothesis]]",
["送氣詞首音變"] = "[[aspirate mutation]]",
["硬音詞首音變"] = "[[hard mutation]]",
["混合詞首音變"] = "[[mixed mutation]]",
["鼻音詞首音變"] = "[[nasal mutation]]",
["軟音詞首音變"] = "[[soft mutation]]",
}
for muttype, desc in pairs(mutation_types) do
labels[muttype .. "形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} terms whose initial consonant is mutated through " .. desc .. ", due to the effect of the preceding word.",
parents = {"詞首音變形式"},
}
end
labels["否定分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express lack of an action being performed.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["名詞分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as nouns.",
parents = {"分詞", "名詞"},
}
labels["noun construct forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to modify a noun in a genitive construction.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "construct"}},
}
labels["名詞定指形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an identified object.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "定指"}},
}
labels["名詞雙數形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as two.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "雙數"}},
}
labels["名詞陰性形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to female beings.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "陰性"}},
}
labels["名詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}名詞除原形以外的屈折形式。",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "名詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["名詞不定形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to designate an unidentified object.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "不定"}},
}
labels["名詞陽性形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be associated to male beings.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "陽性"}},
}
labels["名詞複數形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as more than one (more than two in some languages with dual number).",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "複數"}},
}
labels["名詞微數形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to be quantified as between two (or three in some languages with dual number) and ten.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "微數"}},
}
labels["名詞所有格形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to indicate possession.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "所有格"}},
}
labels["名詞呼格形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} nouns that are inflected to identify them as being addressed by the speakers.",
parents = {{name = "名詞變格形", sort = "呼格"}},
}
labels["數詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} numerals that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "數詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["分詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "分詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs not fully conjugated, usually to be used in compound conjugations.",
parents = {"動詞變位形式"},
}
labels["助詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} particles that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "助詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["被動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["passive adjectival participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adjectives and express a patient having an action performed on it.",
parents = {"分詞", "形容詞"},
}
labels["past active aorist participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express completed events in past time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["past active imperfect participles"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express ongoing events in past time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["過去主動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in past time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["過去狀語分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that function as adverbs and express actions in past time.",
parents = {"狀語分詞", "副詞"},
}
labels["過去分詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} past participles that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"分詞變格形", {name = "過去分詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["過去分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}中表示過去發生的動作的分詞。",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["過去被動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in past time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["完成分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express having completed or undergone an action.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["前綴變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} prefixes that are inflected to express grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"詞素變格形", {name = "前綴", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["介詞性代詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are combined with a preposition.",
fundamental = "Lemmas subcategories by language",
parents = {"代詞變格形", {name = "介詞", sort = "代詞"}},
}
labels["專有名詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} proper nouns that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "專有名詞", sort = "**"}},
}
--[[
labels["postposition forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} postpositions that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "postpositions", sort = "**"}},
}
]]--
labels["介詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} prepositions that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "介詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["現在主動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express an agent actively performing an action in present time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["現在狀語分詞"] = {
description = "用作副詞並表達當前動作的{{{langname}}}分詞。",
parents = {"狀語分詞", "副詞"},
}
labels["現在分詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} present participles that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"分詞變格形", {name = "現在分詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["現在分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express actions occurring in the present time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["現在被動分詞"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} participles that express a patient having an action performed on it in present time.",
parents = {"分詞"},
}
labels["代詞變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are inflected to display grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "代詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["pronoun possessive forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} pronouns that are inflected to indicate possession.",
parents = {{name = "代詞變格形", sort = "possessive"}},
}
labels["pronunciation variants"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} words that have alternative pronunciation-based spellings.",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "pronunciation variants", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["專有名詞複數形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} proper nouns that are inflected to be quantified as more than one (more than two in some languages with dual number).",
parents = {{name = "專有名詞變格形", sort = "plural"}},
}
labels["singulatives"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} plural nouns that are inflected for singular number.",
parents = {"名詞變格形"},
}
-- l10n: 分類名稱、說明文字中文化
for _, postype in ipairs { "詞元", "非詞元形式"} do
local umbrella_parent = postype .. "子分類"
local lemmas_link = "[[Wiktionary:詞元|詞元]]"
local postype_link = postype == "詞元" and lemmas_link .. "的變體形式" or
"其他" .. lemmas_link .. "的屈折形式的變體"
labels["變體" .. postype] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}" .. postype_link .. ",即有書證但次要的形式或拼寫,通常不常用。",
additional = ("這些詞可能是不常見的拼字變體,包括方言形式,歷史、古老或過時的拼字,不常用的文字系統的拼寫……等等。" ..
"它們被排除在%s分類之外,以避免造成混亂。要將詞歸入此分類,請在{{tl|head}}中指定{{para|var|1}}," ..
"或在呼叫[[Module:headword]]時設定{{cd|1=var = true}}。常用的變體不應歸入此類,而應視為一般%s。"):format(postype, postype),
umbrella_parents = umbrella_parent,
breadcrumb = "變體",
parents = {postype},
}
end
labels["後綴變格形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} suffixes that are inflected to express grammatical relations other than the main form.",
parents = {"詞素變格形", {name = "後綴", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["動詞使動形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express actions caused by external conditions.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "causative"}},
}
labels["動詞變位形式"] = {
description = "詞形產生變化(即變位)來表示與原形不同的語法關係的{{{langname}}}動詞形式。",
parents = {"非詞元形式", {name = "動詞", sort = "**"}},
}
labels["動詞祈使形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express requests or commands.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "imperative"}},
}
labels["動詞不規則形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verb forms that don't follow standard patterns of conjugation.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "irregular"}},
}
labels["動詞否定形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express negation.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "negative"}},
}
labels["動詞被動形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}動詞,透過變位為被動語態的方式,將動作指向語法上的主語。",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "被動"}},
}
labels["動詞簡單過去形"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to indicate events before the current moment.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "simple past"}},
}
labels["verb singular forms"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} verbs that are conjugated to express quantification of only one grammatical subject.",
parents = {{name = "動詞變位形式", sort = "singular"}},
}
labels["形容詞比較級"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that express attributes in a relatively higher degree, or serve to set apart one thing from another.",
parents = {"形容詞變格形"},
}
labels["形容詞最高級"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adjectives that express attributes in their highest possible degrees.",
parents = {"形容詞變格形"},
}
labels["副詞比較級"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adverbs that express attributes in a relatively higher degree, or serve to set apart one thing from another.",
parents = {"副詞變格形"},
}
labels["副詞最高級"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} adverbs that express attributes in their highest possible degrees.",
parents = {"副詞變格形"},
}
local labels2 = {}
-- Add "reconstructed" subcategories; add 'umbrella_parents' key if not
-- already present.
for key, data in pairs(labels) do
labels2[key] = data
if not data.umbrella_parents then
data.umbrella_parents = "非詞元形式子分類"
end
end
-- These are top-level; don't (for the moment at least) add 'reconstructed alternative forms'.
-- These are created by setting the altform= parameter to {{head}} or full_headword() in [[Module:headword]]. See
-- [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour/2024/June#Decluttering the altform mess]] for discussion.
labels2["替代形式"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}[[Wiktionary:詞元|詞元]]的替代形式,即有書證但次要的變體形式或拼寫,通常不常用。",
additional = "這些詞可能是不常見的拼字變體,包括方言形式,歷史、古老或過時的拼字,不常用的文字系統的拼寫……等等。" ..
"它們被排除在詞元分類之外,以避免造成混亂。常用的變體不應歸入此類,而應視為詞元。",
umbrella_parents = "分類",
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
raw_categories["非詞元形式子分類"] = {
description = "涵蓋與非詞元形式相關的主題的綜合分類。",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"綜合元分類",
{name = "非詞元形式", is_label = true, sort = " "},
},
}
return {LABELS = labels2, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}
f1ojlhgb6tyfwjvkfsx8u78ywem65wz
augustus
0
1368301
9935151
9911326
2026-09-30T16:14:44Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935151
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|Augustus}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
{{root|nl|ine-pro|*h₂ewg-}}
{{dercat|nl|itc-pro}}
{{bor+|nl|la|Augustus}}。{{doublet|nl|oogst}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ɑu̯ˈɣʏs.tʏs/|/ɑu̯ˈɣʏs.təs/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-augustus.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|au|gus|tus}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|m|augustussen|-}}
# [[八月]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|af|Augustus}}
* {{desc|dcr|august}}
* {{desc|hns|agast|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|jvn|agustus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|id|Agustus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pap|ougùstùs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|srn|augustus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tri|ahkëtë|bor=1}}
===參見===
{{list:Gregorian calendar months/nl}}
==拉丁語==
{{was fwotd|la|2024|8月|1日}}
{{wikipedia|奧古斯都 (稱號)}}
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*h₂ewg-}}
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*augostos||被放大的,增加的,擴大的,加強的}},源自 {{suffix|itc-pro|*augos|t1=增加,增強|*-tos|pos1=名詞|nocat=1}},前者是一個古老的中性 s 詞幹,由拉丁語 {{m|la|augeō||增加,擴大}} 的詞根形成。此詞的後代語彙在古典拉丁語中以 {{m|la|augur|augur, auguris}} 的形式出現,其性別和意義發生了變化(變為「占兆官、占卜師」),且 {{m|la||-r-}} 已經平化。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|augeō|pages=61–62}}</ref><ref>{{cite-journal|it|title=''Augurium augur augustus'': una questione di metodo|journal=Glotta|jstor=40266654|year=1984|author=Moreno Morani|volume=62|pages=65–71}}</ref>月份名稱 {{m|la|sextīlis}} 後來被改名以紀念羅馬帝國開國君主{{w|奥古斯都}}皇帝。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|augustus|comp=augustior|sup=augustissimus}}
# [[庄严]]的,[[庄重]]的,[[威严]]的
# {{lb|la|罗马历中}} [[六月|第六月]]的
# {{lb|la|罗马皇帝}} [[奥古斯都]]的
# [[皇帝]]的,[[皇家]]的
====用法說明====
* 原词用于宗教用途,但后来成为罗马皇帝[[奥古斯都]]的称号。
* 在拉丁语中,月份的名称是以形容词形式使用的。在古典拉丁语时期,这些形容词修饰一个确定某一天的名词;在中世纪及以后的拉丁语中,这些形容词修饰一个代表一个月中日期的数词。
====變格====
{{la-adecl|augustus}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|奧古斯都之月的,第六月的}}{{l|la|sextīlis}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|Augusta}}
* {{l|la|augustālis}}
* {{l|la|augustāneus}}
* {{l|la|augustēus}}
* {{l|la|augustēum}}
* {{l|la|Augustus}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|la|agustus}} {{see desc}}
; 未排序借詞
以下借詞最終(但可能並非直接)來自拉丁語。它們按地理和語系分類,而不是按詞源分類。
{{top2}}
* 非洲
** 北非與非洲之角
*** {{desc|am|ኦገስት}}
*** {{desc|kab|ɣuct}}
** 撒哈拉以南非洲
*** {{desc|ee|August}}
*** {{desc|kg|auti}}
*** {{desc|ln|augústo}}
*** {{desc|mg|Aogositra}}
*** {{desc|tum|ogasiti}}
*** {{desc|zu|u-Agasti}}
* 美洲
** {{desc|kl|aggusti}}
** {{desc|iu|ᐋᒡᒋᓯ}}
* 亞洲和大洋洲
** 中亞和西亞
*** {{desc|ar|أَغُسْطُسْ}}
*** {{desc|crh|avgustos}}
*** {{desctree|ka|აგვისტო}}
*** {{desc|tr|ağustos}}
*** {{desc|ug|ئاۋغۇست}}
*** {{desc|zza|ağustos}}
** 南亞
*** {{desc|as|আগষ্ট}}
*** {{desc|bn|অগাস্ট}}
*** {{desc|brh|Agast}}
*** {{desc|dv|އޮގަސްޓު}}
*** {{desc|kn|ಆಗಸ್ಟ್}}
*** {{desc|mr|ऑगस्ट}}
*** {{desc|or|ଅଗଷ୍ଟ}}
*** {{desc|ps|اګست|tr=ágəst}}
*** {{desc|si|අගෝස්තු}}
*** {{desc|ta|ஆகஸ்டு}}
*** {{desc|te|ఆగస్టు}}
** 東南亞和大洋洲
*** {{desc|ban|Agustus}}
*** {{desc|bjn|Agustus}}
*** {{desc|fj|Okosita}}
*** {{desc|gil|Aokati}}
*** {{desc|gor|Agustus}}
*** {{desc|jv|Agustus}}
*** {{desc|mh|O̧kwōj}}
*** {{desc|min|Agustus}}
*** {{desc|sm|aokuso}}
*** {{desc|su|august}}
*** {{desc|ty|ʻatete}}
* 歐洲
** {{desctree|grc|Αὔγουστος|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eu|abuztu}}
** {{desc|hu|augusztus}}
** 波羅的語族
*** {{desc|lv|augusts}}
*** {{desc|liv|ougust}}
*** {{desc|prg|August}}
** 日耳曼語族
*** {{desc|gsw|Ougschte|Ouguscht}}
*** {{desc|bar|August}}
*** {{desc|gmw-cfr|Aujuss}}
*** {{desc|cim|agòsten}}
*** {{desc|da|august}}
*** {{desctree|nl|augustus}}
*** {{desc|fo|august}}
*** {{desctree|de|August}}
*** {{desc|nds-de|August}}
*** {{desc|is|ágúst}}
*** {{desc|li|egóstös}}
*** {{desc|dum|ogest}}
**** {{desc|nl|oogst}}
**** {{desc|li|ougs}}
*** {{desc|frr|august}}
*** {{desc|mhn|agst}}
*** {{desc|no|-}} {{l|nb|august}}
*** {{desc|pdc|Auguscht}}
*** {{desc|stq|August}}
*** {{desc|sv|augusti}}
*** {{desc|vls|ogustus}}
*** {{desc|fy|augustus}}
*** {{desc|yi|אויגוסט}}
** 羅曼語族
*** {{desc|ast|augustu}}
*** {{desc|ca|august}}
*** {{desc|fr|auguste}}
*** {{desc|gl|augusto}}
*** {{desc|it|augusto}}
*** {{desc|pt|augusto}}
*** {{desc|ro|august}}
*** {{desc|es|augusto}}
** 斯拉夫語族
*** {{desc|bg|а́вгуст}}
*** {{desc|dsb|awgust}}
*** {{desc|mk|август}}
*** {{desc|rue|авґуст}}
*** {{desc|sh|-}}
***: {{desc|sh|август|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|аугуст}}
***: {{desc|sh|avgust|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|august}}
*** {{desc|sk|august}}
*** {{desc|sl|avgúst}}
*** {{desc|hsb|awgust}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|la|Augustus}}
* {{pedia|Roman calendar}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:PersEnc}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{cln|la|名祖|含有後綴-tus (形容詞)的詞}}
{{C|la|月份}}
==拉脫維亞語==
===名詞===
{{head|lv|名詞變格形|g=m}}
# {{infl of|lv|augusts||acc|p}}
==林堡語==
{{wikipedia|lang=li}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|li|Augustus|augustes||其他拼寫}}
* {{alter|li|auguustus||Valkenburg}}
* {{alter|li|Juss||Krefeld}}
* {{alter|li|Augusst|Ogusst||Eupen}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|li|la|augustus||奧古斯都之月}}。{{doublet|li|ougs}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|li|/ɑu̯ˈɣʏs.tʏs/|/ɑu̯ˈɣʏs.təs/}}
*: {{IPA|li|[ɔʋˈɣʏs.təs]|q1=馬斯垂克}}
* {{hyphenation|li|au|gus|tus}}
* {{rhymes|li|ʏstʏs|ʏstəs|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{head|li|名詞}}
# [[八月]]
{{c|li|格里曆月份|月份}}
==西弗里斯蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fy|la|augustus}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fy|/ɔu̯ˈɡøstəs/}}
===名詞===
{{fy-noun|c|augustussen}}
# {{c|fy|月份}} [[八月]]
#: {{syn|fy|rispmoanne}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:WFT|2170}}
724wja7czn213yk3277wayd9v3b4ig7
Module:Languages/canonical names
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1368467
9934921
9900651
2026-09-30T16:03:48Z
TongcyDai
53191
自動更新語言模組
9934921
Scribunto
text/plain
return {
["Abishira"] = "ash",
["Adiwasi Garasia"] = "gas",
["Aduge"] = "adu",
["Adûni"] = "art-adu",
["Afra"] = "ulf",
["Aghu Tharrnggala"] = "gtu",
["Aguna"] = "aug",
["Agwagwune"] = "yay",
["Ahwai"] = "nfd",
["Aiklep"] = "mwg",
["Aiome"] = "aki",
["Ajyíninka Apurucayali"] = "cpc",
["Ak"] = "akq",
["Aka (Sudan)"] = "soh",
["Akebu"] = "keu",
["Akei"] = "tsr",
["Akrukay"] = "afi",
["Akuku"] = "ayk",
["Akurio"] = "ako",
["Akyaung Ari"] = "nqy",
["Alapmunte"] = "apv",
["Algerian Jewish Sign Language"] = "ajs",
["Allentiac"] = "sai-all",
["Amasi"] = "alv-ama",
["Amba"] = "rwm",
["Ambul"] = "apo",
["Amganad Ifugao"] = "ifa",
["Amri Karbi"] = "ajz",
["Anam"] = "pda",
["Anasi"] = "bpo",
["Anauyá"] = "awd-ana",
["Andai"] = "afd",
["Andajin"] = "ajn",
["Andjingith"] = "aus-and",
["Andoquero"] = "sai-and",
["Anfillo"] = "myo",
["Angaité"] = "aqt",
["Anii"] = "blo",
["Anong"] = "nun",
["Anor"] = "anj",
["Aore"] = "aor",
["Aranama-Tamique"] = "xrt",
["Arandai"] = "jbj",
["Ararandewára"] = "xaj",
["Arawum"] = "awm",
["Arhâ"] = "aqr",
["Aribwatsa"] = "laz",
["Aribwaung"] = "ylu",
["Aringa"] = "luc",
["Armazic"] = "xrm",
["Arop-Sissano"] = "aps",
["Arritinngithigh"] = "rrt",
["Aruek"] = "aur",
["Asho Chin"] = "csh",
["Ashraaf"] = "cus-ash",
["Askopan"] = "eiv",
["Asoa"] = "asv",
["Atemble"] = "ate",
["Atohwaim"] = "aqm",
["Aurá"] = "aux",
["Aushi"] = "auh",
["Aushiri"] = "avs",
["Auwe"] = "smf",
["Auyana"] = "auy",
["Auyokawa"] = "auo",
["Avava"] = "tmb",
["Awa-Cuaiquer"] = "kwi",
["Awbono"] = "awh",
["Aweer"] = "bob",
["Awun"] = "aww",
["Awyi"] = "auw",
["Ayerrerenge"] = "axe",
["Ayomán"] = "sai-ayo",
["Baangi"] = "bqx",
["Baatonum"] = "bba",
["Babango"] = "bbm",
["Babine-Witsuwit'en"] = "bcr",
["Bacama"] = "bcy",
["Badjiri"] = "jbi",
["Badyara"] = "pbp",
["Baelelea"] = "bvc",
["Baenan"] = "sai-bae",
["Baetora"] = "btr",
["Baga Kaloum"] = "bqf",
["Baga Koga"] = "bgo",
["Baga Manduri"] = "bmd",
["Baga Pokur"] = "bcg",
["Baga Sobané"] = "bsv",
["Bago-Kusuntu"] = "bqg",
["Bagua"] = "sai-bag",
["Bahinemo"] = "bjh",
["Bahing"] = "bhj",
["Baibai"] = "bbf",
["Baikeno"] = "bkx",
["Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"] = "bcz",
["Bainouk-Gunyuño"] = "bab",
["Bainouk-Samik"] = "bcb",
["Baissa Fali"] = "fah",
["Bajjika"] = "vjk",
["Baki"] = "bki",
["Bakole"] = "kme",
["Bakwé"] = "bjw",
["Balangingi"] = "sse",
["Baldemu"] = "bdn",
["Baliledo"] = "poz-bal",
["Balong"] = "bnt-bal",
["Bamako Sign Language"] = "bog",
["Bambalang"] = "bmo",
["Bambassi"] = "myf",
["Bambili-Bambui"] = "baw",
["Bamenyam"] = "bce",
["Bana"] = "bcw",
["Banam Bay"] = "vrt",
["Banao Itneg"] = "bjx",
["Banda-Bambari"] = "liy",
["Banda-Ndélé"] = "bfl",
["Bangandu"] = "bgf",
["Bangime"] = "dba",
["Bangolan"] = "bgj",
["Bangwinji"] = "bsj",
["Bankan Tey Dogon"] = "dbw",
["Barbareño"] = "boi",
["Barikewa"] = "jbk",
["Barok"] = "bjk",
["Barombi"] = "bbi",
["Barranbinya"] = "aus-bra",
["Barunggam"] = "aus-brm",
["Barí"] = "mot",
["Basa-Gumna"] = "bsl",
["Basa-Gurmana"] = "buj",
["Basketo"] = "bst",
["Bassa-Kontagora"] = "bsr",
["Bassari"] = "bsc",
["Bassossi"] = "bsi",
["Batanga"] = "bnm",
["Bathari"] = "bhm",
["Bau"] = "bbd",
["Bauchi"] = "bsf",
["Bauni"] = "bpe",
["Bawm Chin"] = "bgr",
["Baygo"] = "byg",
["Bayogoula"] = "nai-bay",
["Baïnounk Gubëeher"] = "alv-bgu",
["Beary"] = "dra-bry",
["Beba"] = "bfp",
["Bedik"] = "tnr",
["Bedjond"] = "bjv",
["Beeke"] = "bkf",
["Beele"] = "bxq",
["Beezen"] = "bnz",
["Befang"] = "bby",
["Begbere-Ejar"] = "bqv",
["Belanda Bor"] = "bxb",
["Belanda Viri"] = "bvi",
["Bembe"] = "bmb",
["Ben Tey"] = "dbt",
["Bench"] = "bcq",
["Bendi"] = "bct",
["Beng"] = "nhb",
["Benga"] = "bng",
["Benggoi"] = "bgy",
["Bepour"] = "bie",
["Berinomo"] = "bit",
["Berom"] = "bom",
["Berta"] = "wti",
["Bete-Bendi"] = "btt",
["Bharia"] = "bha",
["Bhoti Kinnauri"] = "nes",
["Biage"] = "bdf",
["Bian Marind"] = "bpv",
["Biangai"] = "big",
["Bidyogo"] = "bjg",
["Bierebo"] = "bnk",
["Biga"] = "bhc",
["Bijori"] = "bix",
["Biliau"] = "bcu",
["Biloxi"] = "bll",
["Bimin"] = "bhl",
["Binandere"] = "bhg",
["Bine"] = "bon",
["Binumarien"] = "bjr",
["Birhor"] = "biy",
["Birri"] = "bvq",
["Birrpayi"] = "xbj",
["Bissa"] = "bib",
["Bo"] = "bgl",
["Bo-Rukul"] = "mae",
["Bo-Ung"] = "mux",
["Bodo (Central Africa)"] = "boy",
["Bodo Gadaba"] = "gbj",
["Bofi"] = "bff",
["Boga"] = "bvw",
["Bokobaru"] = "bus",
["Bolgo"] = "bvo",
["Boloki"] = "bkt",
["Bolon"] = "bof",
["Bomwali"] = "bmw",
["Bondoukou Kulango"] = "kzc",
["Bondum Dom Dogon"] = "dbu",
["Bonggo"] = "bpg",
["Bongu"] = "bpu",
["Bonjo"] = "bok",
["Bonkeng"] = "bvg",
["Bonkiman"] = "bop",
["Border Kuna"] = "kvn",
["Borei"] = "gai",
["Bouna Kulango"] = "nku",
["Bouni"] = "suo",
["Bozaba"] = "bzo",
["Brek Karen"] = "kvl",
["Bruny Island"] = "xpz",
["Bualkhaw Chin"] = "cbl",
["Bugan"] = "bbh",
["Bujhyal"] = "byh",
["Bukhari"] = "bhh",
["Buksa"] = "tkb",
["Bulgebi"] = "bmp",
["Buli (Ghana)"] = "bwu",
["Buli (Indonesia)"] = "bzq",
["Bumbita Arapesh"] = "aon",
["Bun"] = "buv",
["Bunoge"] = "dgb",
["Burate"] = "bti",
["Buru (Nigeria)"] = "bqw",
["Burui"] = "bry",
["Burundian Sign Language"] = "lsb",
["Bushoong"] = "buf",
["Butchulla"] = "xby",
["Butmas-Tur"] = "bnr",
["Bwanabwana"] = "tte",
["Bwile"] = "bwc",
["Byep"] = "mkk",
["Bädi Kanum"] = "khd",
["Caac"] = "msq",
["Cabiyarí"] = "cbb",
["Cacaopera"] = "ccr",
["Cacua"] = "cbv",
["Cacán"] = "sai-cac",
["Cafundó"] = "ccd",
["Cahuarano"] = "cah",
["Caka"] = "ckx",
["Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"] = "ckz",
["Cakfem-Mushere"] = "cky",
["Calusa"] = "nai-cal",
["Cambodian Sign Language"] = "csx",
["Camtho"] = "cmt",
["Candoshi-Shapra"] = "cbu",
["Canichana"] = "caz",
["Capanahua"] = "kaq",
["Caquinte"] = "cot",
["Cara"] = "cfd",
["Carabayo"] = "cby",
["Caranqui"] = "sai-caq",
["Cargesian Greek"] = "grk-car",
["Carijona"] = "cbd",
["Cashibo-Cacataibo"] = "cbr",
["Catuquinaru"] = "sai-ctq",
["Catío Chibcha"] = "cba-cat",
["Cayuse"] = "xcy",
["Cazcan"] = "azc-caz",
["Cañari"] = "sai-cnr",
["Cen"] = "cen",
["Central Maewo"] = "mwo",
["Central Teke"] = "nzu",
["Centúúm"] = "cet",
["Ch'olti'"] = "myn-chl",
["Chaha"] = "sem-cha",
["Chaima"] = "ciy",
["Chairel"] = "sit-cha",
["Chak"] = "ckh",
["Chamba Daka"] = "ccg",
["Chamba Leko"] = "ndi",
["Chambri"] = "can",
["Changriwa"] = "cga",
["Chantyal"] = "chx",
["Chaná"] = "sai-chn",
["Chané"] = "caj",
["Chara"] = "cra",
["Chaudangsi"] = "cdn",
["Chaura"] = "crv",
["Chayahuita"] = "cbt",
["Che"] = "ruk",
["Chemakum"] = "xch",
["Chenapian"] = "cjn",
["Chenchu"] = "cde",
["Cherepon"] = "cpn",
["Chetco-Tolowa"] = "ctc",
["Chhintange"] = "ctn",
["Chhulung"] = "cur",
["Chilisso"] = "clh",
["Chimariko"] = "cid",
["Chimila"] = "cbg",
["Chinbon Chin"] = "cnb",
["Chiquimulilla"] = "nai-chi",
["Chiru"] = "cdf",
["Chokri Naga"] = "nri",
["Chokwe"] = "cjk",
["Cholón"] = "cht",
["Chono"] = "sai-cno",
["Chothe Naga"] = "nct",
["Chuave"] = "cjv",
["Chug"] = "cvg",
["Chumburung"] = "ncu",
["Chácobo"] = "cao",
["Ci Gbe"] = "cib",
["Cibak"] = "ckl",
["Ciguayo"] = "nai-cig",
["Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"] = "cdr",
["Cineni"] = "cie",
["Citak"] = "txt",
["Ciwogai"] = "tgd",
["Coahuilteco"] = "xcw",
["Cochimi"] = "coj",
["Coeruna"] = "sai-coe",
["Coeur d'Alene"] = "crd",
["Cogui"] = "kog",
["Col"] = "liw",
["Colán"] = "sai-col",
["Comechingon"] = "sai-cmg",
["Comecrudo"] = "xcm",
["Como Karim"] = "cfg",
["Con"] = "cno",
["Coos"] = "csz",
["Copallén"] = "sai-cop",
["Coquille"] = "coq",
["Cori"] = "cry",
["Coroado Puri"] = "sai-crd",
["Cotoname"] = "xcn",
["Coyaima"] = "coy",
["Cruzeño"] = "crz",
["Cueva"] = "sai-cva",
["Cuitlatec"] = "cuy",
["Culina"] = "cul",
["Culli"] = "sai-cul",
["Cung"] = "cug",
["Cutchi-Swahili"] = "ccl",
["Daai Chin"] = "dao",
["Daantanai'"] = "lni",
["Dabarre"] = "dbr",
["Dabe"] = "dbe",
["Dadanitic"] = "sem-dad",
["Dadiya"] = "dbd",
["Daga"] = "dgz",
["Dagaari Dioula"] = "dgd",
["Daho-Doo"] = "das",
["Dair"] = "drb",
["Daloa Bété"] = "bev",
["Danaru"] = "dnr",
["Dandami Maria"] = "daq",
["Dangaléat"] = "daa",
["Dangaura Tharu"] = "thl",
["Dao"] = "daz",
["Daonda"] = "dnd",
["Dar Daju Daju"] = "djc",
["Dar Fur Daju"] = "daj",
["Dar Sila Daju"] = "dau",
["Daro-Matu Melanau"] = "dro",
["Datooga"] = "tcc",
["Davawenyo"] = "daw",
["Day"] = "dai",
["Defi Gbe"] = "gbh",
["Deg"] = "mzw",
["Deg Xinag"] = "ing",
["Degenan"] = "dge",
["Delo"] = "ntr",
["Dema"] = "dmx",
["Demta"] = "dmy",
["Deno"] = "dbb",
["Dezfuli"] = "def",
["Dhaiso"] = "dhs",
["Dhao"] = "nfa",
["Dhimal"] = "dhi",
["Dhundhari"] = "dhd",
["Dhurga"] = "dhu",
["Dibiyaso"] = "dby",
["Dicamay Agta"] = "duy",
["Didinga"] = "did",
["Dijim-Bwilim"] = "cfa",
["Dima"] = "jma",
["Dinapigue Agta"] = "phi-din",
["Disa"] = "dsi",
["Ditammari"] = "tbz",
["Diuwe"] = "diy",
["Dixon Reef"] = "dix",
["Djinang"] = "dji",
["Djinba"] = "djb",
["Doghoro"] = "dgx",
["Dogosé"] = "dos",
["Dogul Dom"] = "dbg",
["Doko-Uyanga"] = "uya",
["Dom"] = "doa",
["Dongo"] = "doo",
["Dongolawi"] = "kzh",
["Dongotono"] = "ddd",
["Donno So Dogon"] = "dds",
["Dori'o"] = "dor",
["Doromu-Koki"] = "kqc",
["Doura"] = "don",
["Dugun"] = "ndu",
["Duit"] = "cba-dui",
["Duke"] = "nke",
["Dumaitic"] = "sem-dum",
["Dumun"] = "dui",
["Dungu"] = "dbv",
["Duriankere"] = "dbn",
["Dusun Malang"] = "duq",
["Dutch Sign Language"] = "dse",
["Duupa"] = "dae",
["Duwet"] = "gve",
["Dwang"] = "nnu",
["Dzuun"] = "dnn",
["East Limba"] = "lma",
["Eastern Karaboro"] = "xrb",
["Eastern Krahn"] = "kqo",
["Eastern Maninkakan"] = "emk",
["Eastern Ngad'a"] = "nea",
["Eastern Subanun"] = "sfe",
["Eastern Xwla Gbe"] = "gbx",
["Ede Cabe"] = "cbj",
["Ede Ica"] = "ica",
["Ede Idaca"] = "idd",
["Ede Ije"] = "ijj",
["Ede Nago"] = "nqg",
["Ehueun"] = "ehu",
["Eipomek"] = "eip",
["Eitiep"] = "eit",
["Ejagham"] = "etu",
["Ejamat"] = "eja",
["Eki"] = "eki",
["Ekit"] = "eke",
["El Hugeirat"] = "elh",
["El Molo"] = "elo",
["Eleme"] = "elm",
["Elseng"] = "mrf",
["Emai"] = "ema",
["Eman"] = "emn",
["Emberá-Baudó"] = "bdc",
["Emberá-Catío"] = "cto",
["Emberá-Chamí"] = "cmi",
["Emberá-Tadó"] = "tdc",
["Emerillon"] = "eme",
["Emplawas"] = "emw",
["Enawené-Nawé"] = "unk",
["Ende"] = "end",
["Engenni"] = "enn",
["Enggano"] = "eno",
["Enlhet"] = "enl",
["Enwang"] = "enw",
["Enxet"] = "enx",
["Enya"] = "gey",
["Eotile"] = "eot",
["Epi-Olmec"] = "xep",
["Epie"] = "epi",
["Erave"] = "kjy",
["Erie"] = "iro-ere",
["Erre"] = "err",
["Esselen"] = "esq",
["Etchemin"] = "etc",
["Eten"] = "etx",
["Etkywan"] = "ich",
["Ewage-Notu"] = "nou",
["Ewarhuyana"] = "sai-ewa",
["Ezaa"] = "eza",
["Fagani"] = "faf",
["Faifi"] = "fif",
["Faita"] = "faj",
["Faiwol"] = "fai",
["Fali"] = "fli",
["Fam"] = "fam",
["Fanamaket"] = "bjp",
["Fang (Beboid)"] = "fak",
["Fataleka"] = "far",
["Fedan"] = "pdn",
["Fer"] = "kah",
["Feroge"] = "fer",
["Finisterre Yau"] = "yuw",
["Firan"] = "fir",
["Fiwaga"] = "fiw",
["Foia Foia"] = "ffi",
["Foma"] = "fom",
["Fongoro"] = "fgr",
["Forak"] = "frq",
["Fum"] = "fum",
["Fwe"] = "fwe",
["Fwâi"] = "fwa",
["Fyer"] = "fie",
["Ga'anda"] = "gqa",
["Gabri"] = "gab",
["Gaddi"] = "gbk",
["Gadjerawang"] = "gdh",
["Gagnoa Bété"] = "btg",
["Gaikundi"] = "gbf",
["Gaina"] = "gcn",
["Gal"] = "gap",
["Galambu"] = "glo",
["Galela"] = "gbi",
["Galice"] = "gce",
["Gambera"] = "gma",
["Gamela"] = "sai-gam",
["Gamit"] = "gbl",
["Gamkonora"] = "gak",
["Gamo"] = "gmv",
["Gamo-Ningi"] = "bte",
["Gana"] = "gnq",
["Ganang"] = "gne",
["Gane"] = "gzn",
["Ganggalida"] = "gcd",
["Ganglau"] = "ggl",
["Gangulu"] = "gnl",
["Gants"] = "gao",
["Ganzi"] = "gnz",
["Garza"] = "xgr",
["Gata'"] = "gaq",
["Gavião do Jiparaná"] = "gvo",
["Gayón"] = "sai-gay",
["Gbanziri"] = "gbg",
["Gbesi Gbe"] = "gbs",
["Gbin"] = "xgb",
["Gbiri-Niragu"] = "grh",
["Geba Karen"] = "kvq",
["Gedaged"] = "gdd",
["Gedeo"] = "drs",
["Geji"] = "gji",
["Geko Karen"] = "ghk",
["Geme"] = "geq",
["Gende"] = "gaf",
["Gey"] = "guv",
["Ghari"] = "gri",
["Ghera"] = "ghr",
["Gibanawa"] = "gib",
["Gidar"] = "gid",
["Gilima"] = "gix",
["Gimi (Austronesian)"] = "gip",
["Gimi (Goroka)"] = "gim",
["Gimnime"] = "gmn",
["Ginuman"] = "gnm",
["Girirra"] = "gii",
["Giryama"] = "nyf",
["Githabul"] = "gih",
["Gitxsan"] = "git",
["Giyug"] = "giy",
["Gizrra"] = "tof",
["Glaro-Twabo"] = "glr",
["Glavda"] = "glw",
["Glio-Oubi"] = "oub",
["Goa'uld"] = "art-gld",
["Goaria"] = "gig",
["Godié"] = "god",
["Gola"] = "gol",
["Golpa"] = "lja",
["Gone Dau"] = "goo",
["Gongduk"] = "goe",
["Goo"] = "gov",
["Gor"] = "gqr",
["Gorakor"] = "goc",
["Gorovu"] = "grq",
["Goundo"] = "goy",
["Gourmanchéma"] = "gux",
["Gowlan"] = "goj",
["Gozarkhani"] = "goz",
["Gresi"] = "grs",
["Groma"] = "gro",
["Guachí"] = "sai-gua",
["Guamo"] = "sai-gmo",
["Guanano"] = "gvc",
["Guazacapán"] = "nai-guz",
["Gudanji"] = "nji",
["Gude"] = "gde",
["Guduf-Gava"] = "gdf",
["Gugu Badhun"] = "gdc",
["Guhu-Samane"] = "ghs",
["Guiberoua Bété"] = "bet",
["Guinau"] = "awd-gnu",
["Guinea-Bissau Sign Language"] = "lgs",
["Gula"] = "glu",
["Gula'alaa"] = "gmb",
["Gumalu"] = "gmu",
["Gundi"] = "gdi",
["Gunditjmara"] = "gjm",
["Gundungurra"] = "xrd",
["Gungabula"] = "gyf",
["Guntai"] = "gnt",
["Gunya"] = "gyy",
["Guragone"] = "gge",
["Guramalum"] = "grz",
["Gureng Gureng"] = "gnr",
["Gurgula"] = "ggg",
["Guriaso"] = "grx",
["Gurindji Kriol"] = "gjr",
["Guruntum"] = "grd",
["Guya"] = "gka",
["Guébie"] = "gie",
["Gvoko"] = "ngs",
["Gwahatike"] = "dah",
["Gweda"] = "grw",
["Gyalsumdo"] = "gyo",
["Gyem"] = "gye",
["Hadothi"] = "hoj",
["Hainyaxo Bozo"] = "bzx",
["Haji"] = "hji",
["Hamba"] = "hba",
["Harami"] = "xha",
["Haraza"] = "nub-har",
["Haruai"] = "tmd",
["Hasaitic"] = "sem-has",
["Hasha"] = "ybj",
["Haush"] = "sai-hau",
["Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"] = "yuf",
["Hema"] = "nix",
["Hemba"] = "hem",
["Herdé"] = "hed",
["Hibito"] = "hib",
["Hill Maria"] = "mrr",
["Himarimã"] = "hir",
["Hismaic"] = "sem-his",
["Hitchiti"] = "nai-hit",
["Hmong Dô"] = "hmv",
["Hmwaveke"] = "mrk",
["Hobyót"] = "hoh",
["Homa"] = "hom",
["Honduran Lenca"] = "len",
["Hoti"] = "hti",
["Hpon"] = "hpo",
["Huarijio"] = "var",
["Huetar"] = "cba-hue",
["Hula"] = "hul",
["Humburi Senni"] = "hmb",
["Hun"] = "uth",
["Hunde"] = "hke",
["Hungworo"] = "nat",
["Hunjara-Kaina Ke"] = "hkk",
["Iaai"] = "iai",
["Iamalele"] = "yml",
["Iatmul"] = "ian",
["Ibali Teke"] = "tek",
["Iceve-Maci"] = "bec",
["Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki"] = "ida",
["Idaté"] = "idt",
["Idiom Neutral"] = "mis-idn",
["Idun"] = "ldb",
["Ignaciano"] = "ign",
["Iguta"] = "nar",
["Ihievbe"] = "ihi",
["Ija-Zuba"] = "vki",
["Ikobi-Mena"] = "meb",
["Ikpeshi"] = "ikp",
["Iku-Gora-Ankwa"] = "ikv",
["Ilue"] = "ilv",
["Imbongu"] = "imo",
["Inapang"] = "mzu",
["Indanga"] = "bnt-ind",
["Inpui Naga"] = "nkf",
["Intha"] = "int",
["Inuvialuktun"] = "ikt",
["Ipai"] = "nai-ipa",
["Iresim"] = "ire",
["Island Carib"] = "crb",
["Isu"] = "isu",
["Ito"] = "itw",
["Itu Mbon Uzo"] = "itm",
["Iyo'wujwa Chorote"] = "crq",
["Iyojwa'ja Chorote"] = "crt",
["Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"] = "izi",
["Izora"] = "cbo",
["Jabutí"] = "jbt",
["Jandavra"] = "jnd",
["Janji"] = "jni",
["Javindo"] = "jvd",
["Jemez"] = "tow",
["Jeng"] = "jeg",
["Jere"] = "jer",
["Jeri Kuo"] = "jek",
["Jhankot Sign Language"] = "jhs",
["Jimi"] = "jmi",
["Joba"] = "job",
["Jola-Kasa"] = "csk",
["Jonkor Bourmataguil"] = "jeu",
["Jorá"] = "jor",
["Jowulu"] = "jow",
["Ju"] = "juu",
["Juang"] = "jun",
["Jur Modo"] = "bex",
["Juray"] = "juy",
["Jwira-Pepesa"] = "jwi",
["Kaan"] = "ldl",
["Kaang Chin"] = "ckn",
["Kaansa"] = "gna",
["Kaapor Sign Language"] = "uks",
["Kaba"] = "ksp",
["Kabba-Laka"] = "lap",
["Kabola"] = "klz",
["Kabras"] = "lkb",
["Kabwari"] = "kcw",
["Kachi Koli"] = "gjk",
["Kacipo-Balesi"] = "koe",
["Kadai"] = "kzd",
["Kadar"] = "kej",
["Kado"] = "kdv",
["Kafoa"] = "kpu",
["Kagan Kalagan"] = "kll",
["Kagoro"] = "xkg",
["Kahe"] = "hka",
["Kaian"] = "kct",
["Kaikadi"] = "kep",
["Kaiku"] = "kkq",
["Kairui-Midiki"] = "krd",
["Kaivi"] = "kce",
["Kaiy"] = "tcq",
["Kajakse"] = "ckq",
["Kakabe"] = "kke",
["Kaki Ae"] = "tbd",
["Kakihum"] = "kxe",
["Kalabakan"] = "kve",
["Kalamsé"] = "knz",
["Kalanadi"] = "wkl",
["Kalanga"] = "kck",
["Kalasuri"] = "xme-kls",
["Kam"] = "kdx",
["Kamantan"] = "kci",
["Kamberataro"] = "kbv",
["Kande"] = "kbs",
["Kang"] = "kyp",
["Kanga"] = "kcp",
["Kangean"] = "kkv",
["Kango"] = "kty",
["Kango-Sua"] = "kzy",
["Kaningdon-Nindem"] = "kdp",
["Kannada Kurumba"] = "kfi",
["Kannauji"] = "bjj",
["Kanyok"] = "kny",
["Kao"] = "kax",
["Kapauri"] = "khp",
["Kapya"] = "klo",
["Kara (Tanzania)"] = "reg",
["Karadjeri"] = "gbd",
["Karanga"] = "kth",
["Kari"] = "kbj",
["Karipuna (Panoan)"] = "sai-krp",
["Karkin"] = "krb",
["Karko"] = "kko",
["Karolanos"] = "kyn",
["Karon"] = "krx",
["Karon Dori"] = "kgw",
["Karuwali"] = "rxw",
["Kasanga"] = "ccj",
["Kasiguranin"] = "ksn",
["Kaskean"] = "zsk",
["Kaskihá"] = "gva",
["Kassonke"] = "kao",
["Katabaga"] = "ktq",
["Katembri"] = "sai-kat",
["Katukina"] = "knt",
["Kaur"] = "vkk",
["Kaure"] = "bpp",
["Kavet"] = "krv",
["Kawacha"] = "kcb",
["Kawahiva"] = "tup-kaw",
["Kawe"] = "kgb",
["Kaxuyana"] = "kbb",
["Kayeli"] = "kzl",
["Kayort"] = "kyv",
["Kaytetye"] = "gbb",
["Kazukuru"] = "kzk",
["Kedang"] = "ksx",
["Keder"] = "kdy",
["Kehu"] = "khh",
["Kei"] = "kei",
["Keiga"] = "kec",
["Kela-Yela"] = "kel",
["Keley-I Kallahan"] = "ify",
["Kendeje"] = "klf",
["Kendem"] = "kvm",
["Keningau Murut"] = "kxi",
["Kenswei Nsei"] = "ndb",
["Kenyi"] = "lke",
["Kepkiriwát"] = "kpn",
["Kepo'"] = "kuk",
["Kera"] = "ker",
["Kesawai"] = "xes",
["Kete"] = "kcv",
["Ketum"] = "ktt",
["Kharam Naga"] = "kfw",
["Khayo"] = "lko",
["Khe"] = "kqg",
["Khezha Naga"] = "nkh",
["Khisa"] = "kqm",
["Khoibu Naga"] = "nkb",
["Kholok"] = "ktc",
["Khonso"] = "kxc",
["Khortha"] = "inc-khr",
["Khwe"] = "xuu",
["Kháng"] = "kjm",
["Kibet"] = "kie",
["Kilit"] = "xme-klt",
["Kimré"] = "kqp",
["Kinabalian"] = "cbw",
["Kinuku"] = "kkd",
["Kiong"] = "kkm",
["Kir-Balar"] = "kkr",
["Kisa"] = "lks",
["Kistane"] = "gru",
["Kita Maninkakan"] = "mwk",
["Kitanemuk"] = "azc-ktn",
["Kitja"] = "gia",
["Kitsai"] = "kii",
["Kla"] = "lda",
["Klao"] = "klu",
["Klias River Kadazan"] = "kqt",
["Knaanic"] = "czk",
["Koalib"] = "kib",
["Koba"] = "kpd",
["Kobiana"] = "kcj",
["Kobol"] = "kgu",
["Koda"] = "cdz",
["Kodaku"] = "ksz",
["Koenoem"] = "kcs",
["Kofa"] = "kso",
["Kofei"] = "kpi",
["Kohin"] = "kkx",
["Kohumono"] = "bcs",
["Koi"] = "kkt",
["Koireng"] = "nkd",
["Kok-Nar"] = "gko",
["Kok-Paponk"] = "okg",
["Kokola"] = "kzn",
["Kol (Cameroon)"] = "biw",
["Kom (India)"] = "kmm",
["Kombai"] = "tyn",
["Kominimung"] = "xoi",
["Kon Keu"] = "kkn",
["Konabéré"] = "bbo",
["Kondekor"] = "gau",
["Koneraw"] = "kdw",
["Kono (Guinea)"] = "knu",
["Kono (Nigeria)"] = "klk",
["Kono (Sierra Leone)"] = "kno",
["Konongo"] = "kcz",
["Konyanka Maninka"] = "mku",
["Koonzime"] = "ozm",
["Koorete"] = "kqy",
["Kopkaka"] = "opk",
["Korana"] = "kqz",
["Korandje"] = "kcy",
["Koreguaje"] = "coe",
["Koromfé"] = "kfz",
["Korop"] = "krp",
["Koropó"] = "xxr",
["Koroshi"] = "ktl",
["Korowai"] = "khe",
["Korra Koraga"] = "kfd",
["Korupun-Sela"] = "kpq",
["Kosadle"] = "kiq",
["Kosarek Yale"] = "kkl",
["Kota (Gabon)"] = "koq",
["Kota (India)"] = "kfe",
["Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"] = "mqg",
["Kota Marudu Talantang"] = "grm",
["Kotafon Gbe"] = "kqk",
["Koya"] = "kff",
["Koyaga"] = "kga",
["Koyukon"] = "koy",
["Kpasam"] = "pbn",
["Kpee"] = "cpo",
["Kresh"] = "krs",
["Krikati-Timbira"] = "xri",
["Krim"] = "krm",
["Kru'ng"] = "krr",
["Kua"] = "tyu",
["Kudu-Camo"] = "kov",
["Kugama"] = "kow",
["Kugbo"] = "kes",
["Kujarge"] = "vkj",
["Kukkuzi"] = "urj-kuk",
["Kuku-Thaypan"] = "typ",
["Kuku-Ugbanh"] = "ugb",
["Kuku-Uwanh"] = "uwa",
["Kula"] = "tpg",
["Kulaal"] = "glj",
["Kulfa"] = "kxj",
["Kulung"] = "kle",
["Kumam"] = "kdi",
["Kumarbhag Paharia"] = "kmj",
["Kumba"] = "ksm",
["Kumhali"] = "kra",
["Kunda"] = "kdn",
["Kunduvadi"] = "wku",
["Kung"] = "kfl",
["Kungarakany"] = "ggk",
["Kunyi"] = "njx",
["Kupa"] = "kug",
["Kupsabiny"] = "kpz",
["Kur"] = "kuv",
["Kura Ede Nago"] = "nqk",
["Kurama"] = "krh",
["Kuri"] = "nbn",
["Kurichiya"] = "kfh",
["Kusaal"] = "kus",
["Kusaghe"] = "ksg",
["Kushi"] = "kuh",
["Kusu"] = "ksv",
["Kutep"] = "kub",
["Kutto"] = "kpa",
["Kuuk Thaayorre"] = "thd",
["Kuuk Yak"] = "uky",
["Kuwaataay"] = "cwt",
["Kwaami"] = "ksq",
["Kwaio"] = "kwd",
["Kwaja"] = "kdz",
["Kwambi"] = "kwm",
["Kwamera"] = "tnk",
["Kwami"] = "ktf",
["Kwer"] = "kwr",
["Kwerba Mamberamo"] = "xwr",
["Kwerisa"] = "kkb",
["Kwese"] = "kws",
["Kwinsu"] = "kuc",
["Kyan-Karyaw Naga"] = "nqq",
["Kyenele"] = "kql",
["Kyenga"] = "tye",
["Kyerung"] = "kgy",
["Kómnzo"] = "paa-kmn",
["La'bi"] = "lbi",
["Laalaa"] = "cae",
["Labo"] = "mwi",
["Laghu"] = "lgb",
["Lagwan"] = "kot",
["Laha (Indonesia)"] = "lhh",
["Lahta Karen"] = "kvt",
["Laimbue"] = "lmx",
["Laitu Chin"] = "clj",
["Lakalei"] = "lka",
["Lakha"] = "lkh",
["Lakon"] = "lkn",
["Lakondê"] = "lkd",
["Lakota Dida"] = "dic",
["Lakurumau"] = "lxm",
["Lamalera"] = "lmr",
["Lamatuka"] = "lmq",
["Lambichhong"] = "lmh",
["Lamenu"] = "lmu",
["Lamet"] = "lbn",
["Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"] = "ldh",
["Lamkang"] = "lmk",
["Lamnso'"] = "lns",
["Lamu-Lamu"] = "lby",
["Lanas Lobu"] = "ruu",
["Landoma"] = "ldm",
["Lao Naga"] = "nlq",
["Lapine"] = "art-lap",
["Larantuka Malay"] = "lrt",
["Larevat"] = "lrv",
["Laro"] = "lro",
["Larteh"] = "lar",
["Laru"] = "lan",
["Latundê"] = "ltn",
["Lauan"] = "llx",
["Laven"] = "lbo",
["Leco"] = "lec",
["Leelau"] = "ldk",
["Lefa"] = "lfa",
["Lega-Mwenga"] = "lgm",
["Lega-Shabunda"] = "lea",
["Legenyem"] = "lcc",
["Lehalurup"] = "urr",
["Leinong Naga"] = "lzn",
["Leitre"] = "paa-lei",
["Lela"] = "dri",
["Lelak"] = "llk",
["Lemerig"] = "lrz",
["Lemoro"] = "ldj",
["Lenakel"] = "tnl",
["Lendu"] = "led",
["Lengilu"] = "lgi",
["Lengo"] = "lgr",
["Lengola"] = "lej",
["Lenyima"] = "ldg",
["Lepki"] = "lpe",
["Lere"] = "gnh",
["Letemboi"] = "nms",
["Leti (Cameroon)"] = "leo",
["Leyigha"] = "ayi",
["Li'o"] = "ljl",
["Liangmai Naga"] = "njn",
["Libinza"] = "liz",
["Ligenza"] = "lgz",
["Likila"] = "lie",
["Likuba"] = "kxx",
["Limbum"] = "lmp",
["Lingkhim"] = "lii",
["Lisabata-Nuniali"] = "lcs",
["Little Swanport"] = "aus-lsw",
["Litzlitz"] = "lzl",
["Lo-Toga"] = "lht",
["Logba"] = "lgq",
["Lokoya"] = "lky",
["Lolo"] = "llb",
["Lomaiviti"] = "lmv",
["Lombi"] = "lmi",
["Lomwe"] = "ngl",
["Long Phuri Naga"] = "lpn",
["Longgu"] = "lgu",
["Lonwolwol"] = "crc",
["Looma"] = "lom",
["Lorang"] = "lrn",
["Lorediakarkar"] = "lnn",
["Lotha Naga"] = "njh",
["Loun"] = "lox",
["Loup A"] = "xlo",
["Loup B"] = "xlb",
["Lower Burdekin"] = "xbb",
["Luang"] = "lex",
["Lubila"] = "kcc",
["Luchazi"] = "lch",
["Lugbara"] = "lgg",
["Luguru"] = "ruf",
["Luhu"] = "lcq",
["Lumun"] = "lmd",
["Luna"] = "luj",
["Lungga"] = "lga",
["Luri (Nigeria)"] = "ldd",
["Lusengo"] = "lse",
["Lutachoni"] = "lts",
["Lyélé"] = "lee",
["Láá Láá Bwamu"] = "bwj",
["Ma"] = "msj",
["Maa"] = "cma",
["Mabaale"] = "mmz",
["Maca"] = "mca",
["Macaguaje"] = "mcl",
["Machinga"] = "mvw",
["Macoris"] = "nai-mac",
["Maden"] = "xmx",
["Madi"] = "grg",
["Mafea"] = "mkv",
["Magiyi"] = "gmg",
["Magɨ"] = "gkd",
["Maiadomu"] = "mzz",
["Maiani"] = "tnh",
["Maindo"] = "cwb",
["Mairasi"] = "zrs",
["Majhwar"] = "mmj",
["Mak (Nigeria)"] = "pbl",
["Makah"] = "myh",
["Makhuwa-Marrevone"] = "xmc",
["Makhuwa-Moniga"] = "mhm",
["Makhuwa-Saka"] = "xsq",
["Makhuwa-Shirima"] = "vmk",
["Makwe"] = "ymk",
["Makyan Naga"] = "umn",
["Mal"] = "mlf",
["Mala (New Guinea)"] = "ped",
["Mala (Nigeria)"] = "ruy",
["Malankuravan"] = "mjo",
["Malapandaram"] = "mjp",
["Malawi Lomwe"] = "lon",
["Malaynon"] = "mlz",
["Malba Birifor"] = "bfo",
["Male"] = "mdc",
["Malfaxal"] = "mlx",
["Mali"] = "gcc",
["Malimba"] = "mzd",
["Malua Bay"] = "mll",
["Maléku Jaíka"] = "gut",
["Mama"] = "mma",
["Mamaindé"] = "wmd",
["Mamara Senoufo"] = "myk",
["Mamulique"] = "emm",
["Man Met"] = "mml",
["Manambu"] = "mle",
["Manao"] = "awd-man",
["Mandara"] = "tbf",
["Mandari"] = "mqu",
["Mander"] = "mqr",
["Manem"] = "jet",
["Mangala"] = "mem",
["Mangayat"] = "myj",
["Mangga Buang"] = "mmo",
["Mangole"] = "mqc",
["Manigri-Kambolé Ede Nago"] = "xkb",
["Manikion"] = "mnx",
["Mankiyali"] = "nlm",
["Manna-Dora"] = "mju",
["Mansoanka"] = "msw",
["Manta"] = "myg",
["Mantsi"] = "nty",
["Manumanaw Karen"] = "kxf",
["Manya"] = "mzj",
["Manyawa"] = "mny",
["Manza"] = "mzv",
["Mape"] = "mlh",
["Mapena"] = "mnm",
["Mapos Buang"] = "bzh",
["Marachi"] = "lri",
["Marama"] = "lrm",
["Marenje"] = "vmr",
["Marghi South"] = "mfm",
["Maria"] = "mds",
["Mariaté"] = "awd-mrt",
["Maring Naga"] = "nng",
["Maritsauá"] = "msp",
["Markweeta"] = "enb",
["Marti Ke"] = "zmg",
["Masakará"] = "sai-msk",
["Masalit"] = "mls",
["Mashco Piro"] = "cuj",
["Masmaje"] = "mes",
["Matepi"] = "mqe",
["Mato Grosso Arára"] = "axg",
["Matya Samo"] = "stj",
["Mawan"] = "mcz",
["Mawayana"] = "mzx",
["Maxi Gbe"] = "mxl",
["Maya Samo"] = "sym",
["Mayeka"] = "myc",
["Maynas"] = "sai-mys",
["Mbandja"] = "zmz",
["Mbati"] = "mdn",
["Mbiywom"] = "aus-mbi",
["Mbo (Cameroon)"] = "mbo",
["Mbo (Congo)"] = "zmw",
["Mbole"] = "mdq",
["Mbongno"] = "bgu",
["Mbre"] = "mka",
["Mbula-Bwazza"] = "mbu",
["Me'en"] = "mym",
["Medefaidrin"] = "dmf",
["Media Lengua"] = "mue",
["Mednyj Aleut"] = "mud",
["Mendankwe-Nkwen"] = "mfd",
["Menien"] = "sai-men",
["Menominee"] = "mez",
["Meoswar"] = "mvx",
["Mer"] = "mnu",
["Merei"] = "lmb",
["Mese"] = "mci",
["Mesmes"] = "mys",
["Mesqan"] = "mvz",
["Mgbo"] = "gmz",
["Miani"] = "pla",
["Michigamea"] = "cmm",
["Mid-Southern Banda"] = "bjo",
["Millcayac"] = "sai-mil",
["Mina"] = "hna",
["Mingang Doso"] = "mko",
["Minica Huitoto"] = "hto",
["Minigir"] = "vmg",
["Minkin"] = "xxm",
["Mintil"] = "mzt",
["Miriwoong Sign Language"] = "rsm",
["Miriwung"] = "mep",
["Mirning"] = "gmr",
["Mituku"] = "zmq",
["Miu"] = "mpo",
["Mixifore"] = "mfg",
["Mlahsö"] = "lhs",
["Mlomp"] = "mlo",
["Mmaala"] = "mmu",
["Mo'da"] = "gbn",
["Modole"] = "mqo",
["Moi (Congo)"] = "mow",
["Moi (Indonesia)"] = "mxn",
["Moikodi"] = "mkp",
["Moingi"] = "mwz",
["Mok"] = "mqt",
["Moklen"] = "mkm",
["Mokole"] = "mkl",
["Molengue"] = "bxc",
["Mom Jango"] = "ver",
["Mombo Dogon"] = "dmb",
["Mombum"] = "mso",
["Mongsen Ao"] = "njo-mng",
["Monimbo"] = "mom",
["Mono (California)"] = "mnr",
["Mono (Cameroon)"] = "mru",
["Mono (Congo)"] = "mnh",
["Monsang Naga"] = "nmh",
["Monzombo"] = "moj",
["Moo"] = "gwg",
["Moraid"] = "msg",
["Moran"] = "tbq-mor",
["Moresada"] = "msx",
["Morom"] = "bdo",
["Morouas"] = "mrp",
["Motembo"] = "tmv",
["Mountain Koiari"] = "kpx",
["Moyon Naga"] = "nmo",
["Mpiin"] = "bnt-mpi",
["Mpuono"] = "bnt-mpu",
["Mro Chin"] = "cmr",
["Mser"] = "kqx",
["Muak Sa-aak"] = "ukk",
["Mucuchí"] = "sai-muc",
["Mudu Koraga"] = "vmd",
["Muellama"] = "sai-mue",
["Muher"] = "sem-mhr",
["Mukha-Dora"] = "mmk",
["Mullu Kurumba"] = "kpb",
["Mum"] = "kqa",
["Munda"] = "unx",
["Mundolinco"] = "art-mun",
["Munggui"] = "mth",
["Muniche"] = "myr",
["Murupi"] = "mqw",
["Mutu"] = "tuc",
["Muzo"] = "sai-muz",
["Mwimbi-Muthambi"] = "mws",
["Mághdì"] = "gmd",
["Mün Chin"] = "mwq",
["Naaba"] = "nao",
["Nabak"] = "naf",
["Nachering"] = "ncd",
["Nadruvian"] = "ndf",
["Nafri"] = "nxx",
["Nage"] = "nxe",
["Nagtipunan Agta"] = "phi-nag",
["Nagu"] = "ngr",
["Nahari"] = "nhh",
["Nai"] = "bio",
["Naka'ela"] = "nae",
["Nake"] = "nbk",
["Nakwi"] = "nax",
["Nalu"] = "naj",
["Nama"] = "nmx",
["Namakura"] = "nmk",
["Namat"] = "nkm",
["Nambya"] = "nmq",
["Namia"] = "nnm",
["Namiae"] = "nvm",
["Namonuito"] = "nmt",
["Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"] = "bwb",
["Nancere"] = "nnc",
["Nande"] = "nnb",
["Nanerigé Sénoufo"] = "sen",
["Nanga Dama Dogon"] = "nzz",
["Nankina"] = "nnk",
["Nanti"] = "cox",
["Naolan"] = "nai-nao",
["Nar Phu"] = "npa",
["Nara"] = "nrb",
["Narak"] = "nac",
["Narango"] = "nrg",
["Nasal"] = "nsy",
["Nasarian"] = "nvh",
["Natagaimas"] = "nts",
["Natchez"] = "ncz",
["Natioro"] = "nti",
["Natú"] = "sai-nat",
["Natügu"] = "ntu",
["Nauete"] = "nxa",
["Navut"] = "nsw",
["Nawathinehena"] = "nwa",
["Nawdm"] = "nmz",
["Nawuri"] = "naw",
["Nayi"] = "noz",
["Ncane"] = "ncr",
["Nchumbulu"] = "nlu",
["Nda'nda'"] = "nnz",
["Ndai"] = "gke",
["Ndambomo"] = "nxo",
["Ndau"] = "ndc",
["Nde-Gbite"] = "ned",
["Nde-Nsele-Nta"] = "ndd",
["Nding"] = "eli",
["Ndoe"] = "nbb",
["Ndoola"] = "ndr",
["Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"] = "njt",
["Nehan"] = "nsn",
["Nek"] = "nif",
["Nekgini"] = "nkg",
["Neko"] = "nej",
["Neku"] = "nek",
["Neme"] = "nex",
["Nemi"] = "nem",
["Nend"] = "anh",
["Neo"] = "neu",
["Nese"] = "poz-nes",
["Nete"] = "net",
["Neve'ei"] = "vnm",
["New River Shasta"] = "nai-nrs",
["Neyo"] = "ney",
["Nez Perce"] = "nez",
["Ngadha"] = "nxg",
["Ngadjunmaya"] = "nju",
["Ngaiawang"] = "nwg",
["Ngaing"] = "nnf",
["Ngalakan"] = "nig",
["Ngalkbun"] = "ngk",
["Ngalum"] = "szb",
["Ngamambo"] = "nbv",
["Ngamini"] = "nmv",
["Ngan'gityemerri"] = "nam",
["Ngandi"] = "nid",
["Ngando (Central African Republic)"] = "ngd",
["Ngando (Congo)"] = "nxd",
["Ngandyera"] = "nne",
["Ngangam"] = "gng",
["Ngantangarra"] = "ntg",
["Nganyaywana"] = "nyx",
["Ngardi"] = "rxd",
["Ngarinman"] = "nbj",
["Ngarinyin"] = "ung",
["Ngasa"] = "nsg",
["Ngatik Men's Creole"] = "ngm",
["Ngawn Chin"] = "cnw",
["Ngbaka"] = "nga",
["Ngbaka Ma'bo"] = "nbm",
["Ngbaka Manza"] = "ngg",
["Ngbee"] = "jgb",
["Ngbundu"] = "nuu",
["Ngemba"] = "nge",
["Ngen"] = "gnj",
["Ngendelengo"] = "nql",
["Ngeq"] = "ngt",
["Ngete"] = "nnn",
["Nggem"] = "nbq",
["Nggwahyi"] = "ngx",
["Ngie"] = "ngj",
["Ngkoth"] = "aus-ngk",
["Ngkâlmpw Kanum"] = "kcd",
["Ngochang"] = "tbq-ngo",
["Ngom"] = "nra",
["Ngombale"] = "nla",
["Ngombe (Central African Republic)"] = "nmj",
["Ngombe (Congo)"] = "ngc",
["Ngong"] = "nnx",
["Ngongo"] = "noq",
["Ngoshie"] = "nsh",
["Ngul"] = "nlo",
["Nguluwan"] = "nuw",
["Ngumbi"] = "nui",
["Ngunawal"] = "xul",
["Ngungwel"] = "ngz",
["Ngurmbur"] = "nrx",
["Ngäbere"] = "gym",
["Nhanda"] = "nha",
["Nhuwala"] = "nhf",
["Niellim"] = "nie",
["Nii"] = "nii",
["Niksek"] = "gbe",
["Nimbari"] = "nmr",
["Nimboran"] = "nir",
["Nimoa"] = "nmw",
["Nindi"] = "nxi",
["Ningera"] = "nby",
["Ninggerum"] = "nxr",
["Ninzo"] = "nin",
["Nipsan"] = "nps",
["Niwer Mil"] = "hrc",
["Njalgulgule"] = "njl",
["Njebi"] = "nzb",
["Njen"] = "njj",
["Njerep"] = "njr",
["Njyem"] = "njy",
["Nkangala"] = "nkn",
["Nkukoli"] = "nbo",
["Nnam"] = "nbp",
["Noakhali"] = "oak",
["Nocte Naga"] = "njb",
["Noipä"] = "npx",
["Noiri"] = "noi",
["Nomaande"] = "lem",
["Nomane"] = "nof",
["Nomatsiguenga"] = "not",
["Nomlaki"] = "nol",
["Nomu"] = "noh",
["Nonuya"] = "noj",
["Nooksack"] = "nok",
["Noric"] = "nrc",
["North Asmat"] = "nks",
["North Boma"] = "boh",
["North Fali"] = "fll",
["North Giziga"] = "gis",
["North Mofu"] = "mfk",
["North Muyu"] = "kti",
["North Nuaulu"] = "nni",
["Northern Dagara"] = "dgi",
["Northern Kissi"] = "kqs",
["Northern Lorung"] = "lbr",
["Northern Rengma Naga"] = "nnl",
["Northwestern Nisu"] = "nsf",
["Noy"] = "noy",
["Nsari"] = "asj",
["Nsenga"] = "nse",
["Nsongo"] = "nsx",
["Ntomba"] = "nto",
["Nuk"] = "noc",
["Nukna"] = "klt",
["Nukunu"] = "nnv",
["Numana"] = "nbr",
["Nume"] = "tgs",
["Nunggubuyu"] = "nuy",
["Nungu"] = "rin",
["Nupbikha"] = "npb",
["Nusa Laut"] = "nul",
["Nutabe"] = "cba-nut",
["Nyagrong Minyag"] = "ero-nya",
["Nyali"] = "nlj",
["Nyam"] = "nmi",
["Nyamusa-Molo"] = "nwm",
["Nyaneka"] = "nyk",
["Nyang'i"] = "nyp",
["Nyanga (Congo)"] = "nyj",
["Nyanga (Togo)"] = "ayg",
["Nyanga-li"] = "nyc",
["Nyangatom"] = "nnj",
["Nyangbo"] = "nyb",
["Nyangga"] = "nny",
["Nyangumarta"] = "nna",
["Nyarafolo Senoufo"] = "sev",
["Nyawaygi"] = "nyt",
["Nyemba"] = "nba",
["Nyeu"] = "nyl",
["Nyigina"] = "nyh",
["Nyiha"] = "nih",
["Nyika"] = "nkt",
["Nyimang"] = "nyi",
["Nyindu"] = "nyg",
["Nyokon"] = "nvo",
["Nyong"] = "muo",
["Nyulnyul"] = "nyv",
["Nyungwe"] = "nyu",
["Nyâlayu"] = "yly",
["Nzakambay"] = "nzy",
["Nzakara"] = "nzk",
["Ná-Meo"] = "neo",
["O'chi'chi'"] = "xoc",
["O'du"] = "tyh",
["Odiai"] = "bhf",
["Odoodee"] = "kkc",
["Odut"] = "oda",
["Ogbah"] = "ogc",
["Ogbia"] = "ogb",
["Ogbogolo"] = "ogg",
["Okobo"] = "okb",
["Okolod"] = "kqv",
["Okpamheri"] = "opa",
["Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"] = "okx",
["Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"] = "oke",
["Oksapmin"] = "opm",
["Okwanuchu"] = "nai-okw",
["Old Cham"] = "ocm",
["Old Warekena"] = "awd-war",
["Ollari"] = "gdb",
["Oloma"] = "olm",
["Olu'bo"] = "lul",
["Olulumo-Ikom"] = "iko",
["Olutsotso"] = "lto",
["Omba"] = "omb",
["Ombamba"] = "mbm",
["Ombo"] = "oml",
["Omotik"] = "omt",
["Ong"] = "oog",
["Ongota"] = "bxe",
["Onin"] = "oni",
["Onjob"] = "onj",
["Ono"] = "ons",
["Oorlams"] = "oor",
["Opao"] = "opo",
["Opata"] = "opt",
["Opuuo"] = "lgn",
["Opón"] = "sai-opo",
["Orejón"] = "ore",
["Oring"] = "org",
["Oroha"] = "ora",
["Orokolo"] = "oro",
["Oruma"] = "orr",
["Orya"] = "ury",
["Osatu"] = "ost",
["Otank"] = "uta",
["Oti"] = "oti",
["Otoro"] = "otr",
["Otuke"] = "otu",
["Ouma"] = "oum",
["Oune"] = "oue",
["Owiniga"] = "owi",
["Oy"] = "oyb",
["Oya'oya"] = "oyy",
["Oyda"] = "oyd",
["Pa Di"] = "pdi",
["Pacahuara"] = "pcp",
["Pahari Newari"] = "phj",
["Pahlavani"] = "phv",
["Pai Tavytera"] = "pta",
["Paicî"] = "pri",
["Paikoneka"] = "awd-pai",
["Paite"] = "pck",
["Paku Karen"] = "jkp",
["Palewyami"] = "yok-ply",
["Palor"] = "fap",
["Palta"] = "sai-pal",
["Pamigua"] = "sai-pam",
["Panchpargania"] = "tdb",
["Pande"] = "bkj",
["Pangseng"] = "pgs",
["Panzaleo"] = "sai-pnz",
["Pao"] = "ppa",
["Papel"] = "pbo",
["Papi"] = "ppe",
["Paratió"] = "sai-par",
["Pardhan"] = "pch",
["Pardhi"] = "pcl",
["Paredarerme"] = "xpd",
["Parenga"] = "pcj",
["Passé"] = "awd-pas",
["Patagón"] = "sai-ptg",
["Pataxó"] = "sai-ptx",
["Pathiya"] = "pty",
["Pattani"] = "lae",
["Pauserna"] = "psm",
["Payaguá"] = "sai-pyg",
["Peba"] = "sai-peb",
["Peerapper"] = "xpw",
["Peere"] = "pfe",
["Pengo"] = "peg",
["Perema"] = "wom",
["Pero"] = "pip",
["Phangduwali"] = "phw",
["Phimbi"] = "phm",
["Phom"] = "nph",
["Phrae Pwo"] = "kjt",
["Phuan"] = "phu",
["Phudagi"] = "phd",
["Piapoco"] = "pio",
["Pichis Ashéninka"] = "cpu",
["Picuris"] = "nai-pic",
["Pidgin Onin"] = "onx",
["Pijao"] = "pij",
["Pije"] = "piz",
["Pinai-Hagahai"] = "pnn",
["Pinjarup"] = "pnj",
["Pintiini"] = "pti",
["Pintupi-Luritja"] = "piu",
["Piratapuyo"] = "pir",
["Piya-Kwonci"] = "piy",
["Plapo Krumen"] = "ktj",
["Playero"] = "gob",
["Pochuri Naga"] = "npo",
["Podoko"] = "pbi",
["Pogolo"] = "poy",
["Pokangá"] = "pok",
["Poke"] = "pof",
["Ponyo"] = "npg",
["Poqomchi'"] = "poh",
["Port Sandwich"] = "psw",
["Port Vato"] = "ptv",
["Poumei Naga"] = "pmx",
["Powari"] = "pwr",
["Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro"] = "awd-amc-pro",
["Proto-Binanderean"] = "ngf-bin-pro",
["Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi"] = "csu-bba-pro",
["Proto-Caddoan"] = "cdd-pro",
["Proto-Cangin"] = "alv-cng-pro",
["Proto-Central Pacific"] = "poz-pcc-pro",
["Proto-Chimakuan"] = "chi-pro",
["Proto-Daju"] = "sdv-daj-pro",
["Proto-Daly"] = "aus-dal-pro",
["Proto-Dangari"] = "inc-dng-pro",
["Proto-Dizoid"] = "omv-diz-pro",
["Proto-Eastern Jebel"] = "sdv-eje-pro",
["Proto-Fali"] = "alv-fli-pro",
["Proto-Guang"] = "alv-gng-pro",
["Proto-Gur"] = "nic-gur-pro",
["Proto-Gurunsi"] = "nic-gns-pro",
["Proto-Heiban"] = "alv-hei-pro",
["Proto-Idomoid"] = "alv-ido-pro",
["Proto-Jukunoid"] = "nic-jkn-pro",
["Proto-Kampa"] = "awd-kmp-pro",
["Proto-Koman"] = "ssa-kom-pro",
["Proto-Kwa"] = "alv-kwa-pro",
["Proto-Maidun"] = "nai-mdu-pro",
["Proto-Mangbetu"] = "csu-maa-pro",
["Proto-Masa"] = "cdc-mas-pro",
["Proto-Mumuye"] = "alv-mum-pro",
["Proto-Nyima"] = "sdv-nyi-pro",
["Proto-Ogoni"] = "nic-ogo-pro",
["Proto-Paresi-Waura"] = "awd-prw-pro",
["Proto-Sara"] = "csu-sar-pro",
["Proto-Taman"] = "sdv-tmn-pro",
["Proto-Taranoan"] = "sai-tar-pro",
["Proto-Tsimshianic"] = "nai-tsi-pro",
["Proto-Ubangian"] = "nic-ubg-pro",
["Proto-Utian"] = "nai-utn-pro",
["Proto-Witotoan"] = "sai-wit-pro",
["Puimei Naga"] = "npu",
["Puiron"] = "sit-prn",
["Puluwat"] = "puw",
["Pumé"] = "yae",
["Puquina"] = "puq",
["Purisimeño"] = "puy",
["Puruhá"] = "sai-prh",
["Purukotó"] = "sai-pur",
["Putoh"] = "put",
["Puyo-Paekche"] = "xpp",
["Pwaamei"] = "pme",
["Pye Krumen"] = "pye",
["Pyemmairre"] = "xpb",
["Páez"] = "pbb",
["Pááfang"] = "pfa",
["Päri"] = "lkr",
["Pémono"] = "pev",
["Pévé"] = "lme",
["Qatabanian"] = "xqt",
["Quimbaya"] = "sai-qmb",
["Quinigua"] = "nai-qng",
["Quinqui"] = "quq",
["Raji"] = "rji",
["Rajong"] = "rjg",
["Rajput Garasia"] = "gra",
["Ralte"] = "ral",
["Ramandi"] = "tks",
["Rang"] = "rax",
["Ranglong"] = "rnl",
["Rathawi"] = "rtw",
["Rawat"] = "jnl",
["Razajerdi"] = "rat",
["Reli"] = "rei",
["Rembarunga"] = "rmb",
["Remun"] = "lkj",
["Repanbitip"] = "rpn",
["Rer Bare"] = "rer",
["Rerep"] = "pgk",
["Resígaro"] = "rgr",
["Riantana"] = "ran",
["Ritarungo"] = "rit",
["Riung"] = "riu",
["Riverain Sango"] = "snj",
["Rogo"] = "rod",
["Roma"] = "rmm",
["Romanova"] = "rmv",
["Ron"] = "cla",
["Rongga"] = "ror",
["Rongmei Naga"] = "nbu",
["Rongpo"] = "rnp",
["Roon"] = "rnn",
["Roro"] = "rro",
["Rudbari"] = "rdb",
["Ruga"] = "ruh",
["Ruma"] = "ruz",
["Runga"] = "rou",
["Rungtu"] = "rtc",
["Ruwund"] = "rnd",
["Sa'ban"] = "snv",
["Sa'och"] = "scq",
["Saamia"] = "lsm",
["Saare"] = "uss",
["Sabanê"] = "sae",
["Sabüm"] = "sbo",
["Safaitic"] = "sem-saf",
["Sagalla"] = "tga",
["Sahaptin"] = "nai-spt",
["Sajau Basap"] = "sjb",
["Sala"] = "shq",
["Salampasu"] = "slx",
["Salas"] = "sgu",
["Saliba (Colombia)"] = "slc",
["Saliba (New Guinea)"] = "sbe",
["Salinan"] = "sln",
["Salumá"] = "slj",
["Salvadoran Lenca"] = "nai-sln",
["Samalian"] = "sem-sam",
["Sanaviron"] = "sai-san",
["Sangtam Naga"] = "nsa",
["Sangu (Gabon)"] = "snq",
["Sankaran Maninka"] = "msc",
["Sapo"] = "krn",
["Sara Kaba"] = "sbz",
["Sara Kaba Deme"] = "kwg",
["Sara Kaba Náà"] = "kwv",
["Saraveca"] = "sar",
["Sarazi"] = "inc-sar",
["Sartang"] = "onp",
["Sateré-Mawé"] = "mav",
["Saweru"] = "swr",
["Seba"] = "kdg",
["Seenku"] = "sos",
["Segeju"] = "seg",
["Seim"] = "sim",
["Seit-Kaitetu"] = "hik",
["Sekele"] = "vaj",
["Selungai Murut"] = "slg",
["Sema"] = "nsm",
["Semaq Beri"] = "szc",
["Semimi"] = "etz",
["Sempan"] = "xse",
["Senara Sénoufo"] = "seq",
["Senggi"] = "snu",
["Sengo"] = "spk",
["Senthang Chin"] = "sez",
["Sepa (Indonesia)"] = "spb",
["Sepa (New Guinea)"] = "spe",
["Sepen"] = "spm",
["Seroa"] = "kqu",
["Serudung Murut"] = "srk",
["Serui-Laut"] = "seu",
["Sewa Bay"] = "sew",
["Seychelles Sign Language"] = "lsw",
["Sha"] = "scw",
["Shall-Zwall"] = "sha",
["Shamang"] = "xsh",
["Shark Bay"] = "ssv",
["Sharwa"] = "swq",
["Shau"] = "sqh",
["Sheni"] = "scv",
["Sherbro"] = "bun",
["Shiki"] = "gua",
["Shom Peng"] = "sii",
["Shoo-Minda-Nye"] = "bcv",
["Shuba"] = "cbq",
["Shuwa-Zamani"] = "ksa",
["Sian"] = "spg",
["Siang"] = "sya",
["Siar-Lak"] = "sjr",
["Sibe"] = "nco",
["Sibu Melanau"] = "sdx",
["Sicanian"] = "sxc",
["Sie"] = "erg",
["Sihan"] = "snr",
["Sikiana"] = "sik",
["Sileibi"] = "sbq",
["Silopi"] = "xsp",
["Silt'e"] = "stv",
["Simba"] = "sbw",
["Simbali"] = "smg",
["Sinacantán"] = "nai-sin",
["Singa"] = "sgm",
["Siyin Chin"] = "csy",
["Smärky Kanum"] = "kxq",
["Soli"] = "sby",
["Somba-Siawari"] = "bmu",
["Sonde"] = "shc",
["Songlai Chin"] = "csj",
["Songoora"] = "sod",
["Sonha"] = "soi",
["Sonia"] = "siq",
["Soo"] = "teu",
["Sop"] = "urw",
["Sorothaptic"] = "sxo",
["Sota Kanum"] = "krz",
["Sou"] = "sqq",
["South Fali"] = "fal",
["South Giziga"] = "giz",
["South Lembata"] = "lmf",
["South Muyu"] = "kts",
["South Nuaulu"] = "nxl",
["South Ucayali Ashéninka"] = "cpy",
["Southern Birifor"] = "biv",
["Southern Dagaare"] = "dga",
["Southern Kissi"] = "kss",
["Southern Lorung"] = "lrr",
["Southern Rengma Naga"] = "nre",
["Southern Samo"] = "sbd",
["Southern Tiwa"] = "tix",
["Spiti Bhoti"] = "spt",
["Stau"] = "ero-tau",
["Stod Bhoti"] = "sbu",
["Suarmin"] = "seo",
["Subi"] = "xsj",
["Subtiaba"] = "sut",
["Sugut Dusun"] = "kzs",
["Suma"] = "sqm",
["Sumariup"] = "siv",
["Sumtu Chin"] = "csv",
["Sur"] = "tdl",
["Suruahá"] = "swx",
["Suruí"] = "sru",
["Suruí Do Pará"] = "mdz",
["Suundi"] = "sdj",
["Syenara Senoufo"] = "shz",
["Sácata"] = "sai-sac",
["Sìcìté Sénoufo"] = "sep",
["Sô"] = "sss",
["Tafi"] = "tcd",
["Tagdal"] = "tda",
["Tagwana Senoufo"] = "tgw",
["Tai"] = "taw",
["Tai Long"] = "thi",
["Taiap"] = "gpn",
["Tairuma"] = "uar",
["Takelma"] = "tkm",
["Talieng"] = "tdf",
["Talinga-Bwisi"] = "tlj",
["Tama (Chad)"] = "tma",
["Tama (Colombia)"] = "ten",
["Tamagario"] = "tcg",
["Tambas"] = "tdk",
["Tami"] = "tmy",
["Tamnim Citak"] = "tml",
["Tampias Lobu"] = "low",
["Tampulma"] = "tpm",
["Tanacross"] = "tcb",
["Tanahmerah"] = "tcm",
["Tanggu"] = "tgu",
["Tangoa"] = "tgp",
["Tanguat"] = "tbs",
["Tanimbili"] = "tbe",
["Tanimuca-Retuarã"] = "tnc",
["Tapachultec"] = "nai-tap",
["Tar Gula"] = "kcm",
["Tara Baka"] = "bdh",
["Tarairiú"] = "sai-trr",
["Tareng"] = "tgr",
["Tarjumo"] = "txj",
["Tarpia"] = "tpf",
["Tartessian"] = "txr",
["Taruma"] = "tdm",
["Tatana"] = "txx",
["Tataviam"] = "azc-tat",
["Tauade"] = "ttd",
["Taulil"] = "tuh",
["Taungyo"] = "tco",
["Taupota"] = "tpa",
["Tawandê"] = "xtw",
["Taworta"] = "tbp",
["Tawr Chin"] = "tcp",
["Tchitchege"] = "tck",
["Tchumbuli"] = "bqa",
["Tebul Sign Language"] = "tsy",
["Tebul Ure Dogon"] = "dtu",
["Tee"] = "tkq",
["Tefaro"] = "tfo",
["Tehit"] = "kps",
["Tehuelche"] = "teh",
["Teke-Fuumu"] = "ifm",
["Teke-Kukuya"] = "kkw",
["Teke-Laali"] = "lli",
["Teke-Tsaayi"] = "tyi",
["Tela-Masbuar"] = "tvm",
["Tem"] = "kdh",
["Teme"] = "tdo",
["Temein"] = "teq",
["Ten'edn"] = "tnz",
["Tene Kan Dogon"] = "dtk",
["Tenggarong Kutai Malay"] = "vkt",
["Teor"] = "tev",
["Tepo Krumen"] = "ted",
["Terei"] = "buo",
["Teressa"] = "tef",
["Terik"] = "tec",
["Ternateño"] = "tmg",
["Tese"] = "keg",
["Teshenawa"] = "twc",
["Tetete"] = "teb",
["Teushen"] = "sai-teu",
["Tha"] = "thy",
["Thachanadan"] = "thn",
["Thado Chin"] = "tcz",
["Thaiphum Chin"] = "cth",
["Thangal Naga"] = "nki",
["Thangmi"] = "thf",
["Thawa"] = "xtv",
["Thurawal"] = "tbh",
["Thuri"] = "thu",
["Tiale"] = "mnl",
["Tibea"] = "ngy",
["Tiemacèwè Bozo"] = "boo",
["Tiene"] = "tii",
["Tifal"] = "tif",
["Tigak"] = "tgc",
["Tikar"] = "tik",
["Tillamook"] = "til",
["Tilung"] = "tij",
["Timbe"] = "tim",
["Timucua"] = "tjm",
["Tingui-Boto"] = "tgv",
["Tinigua"] = "tit",
["Tinoc Kallahan"] = "tne",
["Tinputz"] = "tpz",
["Tipai"] = "nai-tip",
["Tippera"] = "tpe",
["Tira"] = "tic",
["Tiranige Diga Dogon"] = "tde",
["Tiri"] = "cir",
["Tita"] = "tdq",
["Tiéfo"] = "tiq",
["Tiéyaxo Bozo"] = "boz",
["Tjurruru"] = "tju",
["Tlahuica"] = "ocu",
["To"] = "toz",
["Toba-Maskoy"] = "tmf",
["Tobanga"] = "tng",
["Tobo"] = "tbv",
["Tofanma"] = "tlg",
["Tofin Gbe"] = "tfi",
["Togbo-Vara Banda"] = "tor",
["Togoyo"] = "tgy",
["Toka-Leya"] = "dov",
["Tokano"] = "zuh",
["Tolowa"] = "tol",
["Toma"] = "tod",
["Tommeginne"] = "xpv",
["Tommo So"] = "dto",
["Tomo Kan Dogon"] = "dtm",
["Tongwe"] = "tny",
["Tonjon"] = "tjn",
["Toogee"] = "xpx",
["Toposa"] = "toq",
["Toram"] = "trj",
["Torau"] = "ttu",
["Toro So Dogon"] = "dts",
["Toro Tegu Dogon"] = "dtt",
["Toromono"] = "tno",
["Torá"] = "trz",
["Touo"] = "tqu",
["Toura"] = "neb",
["Towei"] = "ttn",
["Tremembé"] = "tme",
["Tring"] = "tgq",
["Tringgus"] = "trx",
["Trinitario"] = "trn",
["Tsaangi"] = "tsa",
["Tsakwambo"] = "kvz",
["Tsetsaut"] = "txc",
["Tshwa"] = "hio",
["Tsikimba"] = "kdl",
["Tsishingini"] = "tsw",
["Tsogo"] = "tsv",
["Tsotsitaal"] = "fly",
["Tsum"] = "ttz",
["Tsuvan"] = "tsh",
["Tswa"] = "tsc",
["Tswapong"] = "two",
["Tugun"] = "tzn",
["Tukumanféd"] = "tkf",
["Tulehu"] = "tlu",
["Tulishi"] = "tey",
["Tumak"] = "tmc",
["Tumi"] = "kku",
["Tumtum"] = "tbr",
["Tunggare"] = "trt",
["Tunia"] = "tug",
["Tunumiisut"] = "esx-tut",
["Tunzu"] = "dza",
["Tuotomb"] = "ttf",
["Turaka"] = "trh",
["Turdulian"] = "mis-tdl",
["Turi"] = "trd",
["Turumsa"] = "tqm",
["Tutsa Naga"] = "tvt",
["Tuxináwa"] = "tux",
["Twendi"] = "twn",
["Tyaraity"] = "woa",
["Tyerrernotepanner"] = "xph",
["Tây Bồi"] = "tas",
["Téén"] = "lor",
["Ubaghara"] = "byc",
["Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"] = "cpb",
["Ukaan"] = "kcf",
["Ukpe-Bayobiri"] = "ukp",
["Ukpet-Ehom"] = "akd",
["Ukue"] = "uku",
["Ukuriguma"] = "ukg",
["Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"] = "ukw",
["Ullatan"] = "ull",
["Uma' Lasan"] = "xky",
["Uma' Lung"] = "ulu",
["Umanakaina"] = "gdn",
["Umbindhamu"] = "umd",
["Umbugarla"] = "umr",
["Umbuygamu"] = "umg",
["Umiida"] = "xud",
["Umon"] = "umm",
["Unggaranggu"] = "xun",
["Unggumi"] = "xgu",
["Uni"] = "uni",
["Unubahe"] = "unu",
["Uokha"] = "uok",
["Upper Tanana"] = "tau",
["Upper Taromi"] = "tov",
["Upper Umpqua"] = "xup",
["Ura (New Guinea)"] = "uro",
["Ura (Vanuatu)"] = "uur",
["Uradhi"] = "urf",
["Uri"] = "uvh",
["Urigina"] = "urg",
["Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"] = "upv",
["Urningangg"] = "urc",
["Uru-Pa-In"] = "urp",
["Uruangnirin"] = "urn",
["Usaghade"] = "usk",
["Uspanteco"] = "usp",
["Usui"] = "usi",
["Utarmbung"] = "omo",
["Uvbie"] = "evh",
["Uwinymil"] = "aus-uwi",
["Uya"] = "usu",
["Uzekwe"] = "eze",
["Vagla"] = "vag",
["Vaiphei"] = "vap",
["Vale"] = "vae",
["Vamale"] = "mkt",
["Vame"] = "mlr",
["Vanji"] = "ira-wnj",
["Vanuma"] = "vau",
["Vao"] = "vao",
["Vayu"] = "vay",
["Vehes"] = "val",
["Vemgo-Mabas"] = "vem",
["Vidunda"] = "vid",
["Viemo"] = "vig",
["Vishavan"] = "vis",
["Vitou"] = "vto",
["Viya"] = "gev",
["Wabo"] = "wbb",
["Waci Gbe"] = "wci",
["Waikuri"] = "nai-wai",
["Waima'a"] = "wmh",
["Wainumá"] = "awd-wai",
["Waitaká"] = "sai-wai",
["Wala"] = "lgl",
["Walangama"] = "nlw",
["Wam"] = "wmo",
["Wamas"] = "wmc",
["Wambule"] = "wme",
["Wamey"] = "cou",
["Wampar"] = "lbq",
["Wancho"] = "nnp",
["Wandji"] = "wdd",
["Wangkumara"] = "xwk",
["Warwar Feni"] = "hrw",
["Watakataui"] = "wtk",
["Watam"] = "wax",
["Wayanad Chetti"] = "ctt",
["Wayumará"] = "sai-way",
["Weliki"] = "klh",
["West Ambae"] = "nnd",
["West Central Banda"] = "bbp",
["West Lembata"] = "lmj",
["West-Central Limba"] = "lia",
["Western Krahn"] = "krw",
["Western Xwla Gbe"] = "xwl",
["Wewaw"] = "wea",
["Wik-Iiyanh"] = "wij",
["Wik-Keyangan"] = "wif",
["Wintu"] = "wnw",
["Winyé"] = "kst",
["Wiraféd"] = "wir",
["Wiwa"] = "mbp",
["Wogamusin"] = "wog",
["Wogeo"] = "woc",
["Wolani"] = "wod",
["Womo"] = "wmx",
["Wong-gie"] = "aus-won",
["Woria"] = "wor",
["Worodougou"] = "jud",
["Woun Meu"] = "noa",
["Wurrugu"] = "wur",
["Wára"] = "tci",
["Wãpha"] = "juw",
["Wè Northern"] = "wob",
["Wè Southern"] = "gxx",
["Wè Western"] = "wec",
["Xamtanga"] = "xan",
["Xinca"] = "xin",
["Xipaya"] = "xiy",
["Xiri"] = "xii",
["Xocó"] = "sai-xoc",
["Xwela Gbe"] = "xwe",
["Yaaku"] = "muu",
["Yabaâna"] = "ybn",
["Yaben"] = "ybm",
["Yabong"] = "ybo",
["Yace"] = "ekr",
["Yagwoia"] = "ygw",
["Yahadian"] = "ner",
["Yahuna"] = "ynu",
["Yakaikeke"] = "ykk",
["Yalakalore"] = "xyl",
["Yamap"] = "ymp",
["Yamben"] = "ynb",
["Yambes"] = "ymb",
["Yameo"] = "yme",
["Yamongeri"] = "ymg",
["Yamphu"] = "ybi",
["Yan-nhangu"] = "jay",
["Yanda Dogon"] = "dym",
["Yangkam"] = "bsx",
["Yango"] = "yng",
["Yangulam"] = "ynl",
["Yangum Dey"] = "yde",
["Yangum Gel"] = "ygl",
["Yangum Mon"] = "ymo",
["Yansi"] = "yns",
["Yao (South America)"] = "sai-yao",
["Yaosakor Asmat"] = "asy",
["Yarawata"] = "yrw",
["Yaroamë"] = "yro",
["Yavitero"] = "yvt",
["Yawarawarga"] = "yww",
["Yaweyuha"] = "yby",
["Yawijibaya"] = "jbw",
["Yawiyo"] = "ybx",
["Yeretuar"] = "gop",
["Yessan-Mayo"] = "yss",
["Yimchungru Naga"] = "yim",
["Yinbaw Karen"] = "kvu",
["Yinchia"] = "yin",
["Yindjilandji"] = "yil",
["Yintale Karen"] = "kvy",
["Yirandali"] = "ljw",
["Yitha Yitha"] = "xth",
["Yocoboué Dida"] = "gud",
["Yom"] = "pil",
["Yongkom"] = "yon",
["Yout Wam"] = "ytw",
["Yuanga"] = "nua",
["Yukuben"] = "ybl",
["Yumana"] = "awd-yum",
["Yurutí"] = "yui",
["Yuwana"] = "yau",
["Zan Gula"] = "zna",
["Zayein Karen"] = "kxk",
["Zayse-Zergulla"] = "zay",
["Zeem"] = "zua",
["Zeme Naga"] = "nzm",
["Zemgalian"] = "xzm",
["Zhire"] = "zhi",
["Zhoa"] = "zhw",
["Zhár"] = "jjr",
["Zire"] = "sih",
["Zumaya"] = "zuy",
["Zyphe"] = "zyp",
["ǁGana"] = "gnk",
["ǁXegwi"] = "xeg",
["丁卡語"] = "din",
["丁語"] = "diz",
["丁邦語"] = "dii",
["三描語"] = "xsb",
["三鄉話"] = "nan-zsh",
["上京那巴當岸語"] = "dmg",
["上侯語"] = "scg",
["上內卡克薩托托納克語"] = "tku",
["上卡斯科奎姆語"] = "kuu",
["上古努比亞語"] = "onw",
["上古匈牙利語"] = "ohu",
["上古孟語"] = "omx",
["上古布列塔尼語"] = "obt",
["上古康沃爾語"] = "oco",
["上古日語"] = "ojp",
["上古曼尼普爾語"] = "omp",
["上古朝鮮語"] = "oko",
["上古格魯吉亞語"] = "oge",
["上古泰米爾語"] = "oty",
["上古漢語"] = "och",
["上古米底語"] = "xme-old",
["上古緬甸語"] = "obr",
["上古馬拉地語"] = "omr",
["上大峽谷達尼語"] = "dna",
["上奇黑利斯語"] = "cjh",
["上寨語"] = "jih",
["上索布語"] = "hsb",
["上達渥語"] = "tth",
["下塔納納語"] = "taa",
["下大峽谷達尼語"] = "dni",
["下奇黑利斯語"] = "cea",
["下索布語"] = "dsb",
["下諾索布語"] = "nsb",
["下達渥語"] = "tto",
["世俗埃及語"] = "egx-dem",
["世界語"] = "eo",
["丘赫語"] = "cac",
["丘魯亞語"] = "sai-chu",
["中世紀西班牙語"] = "osp",
["中俄混合語"] = "crp-cpr",
["中北部米塞語"] = "neq",
["中南丁卡語"] = "dib",
["中南部班達語"] = "lnl",
["中卡加延阿埃塔語"] = "agt",
["中古亞美尼亞語"] = "axm",
["中古低地德語"] = "gml",
["中古卡納達語"] = "dra-mkn",
["中古古吉拉特語"] = "inc-mgu",
["中古奧里亞語"] = "inc-mor",
["中古威爾士語"] = "wlm",
["中古孟加拉語"] = "inc-mbn",
["中古孟語"] = "mkh-mmn",
["中古尼瓦爾語"] = "nwx",
["中古布列塔尼語"] = "xbm",
["中古康沃爾語"] = "cnx",
["中古愛爾蘭語"] = "mga",
["中古挪威語"] = "gmq-mno",
["中古朝鮮語"] = "okm",
["中古法語"] = "frm",
["中古波斯語"] = "pal",
["中古漢語"] = "ltc",
["中古米底語"] = "xme-mid",
["中古英語"] = "enm",
["中古荷蘭語"] = "dum",
["中古蒙古語"] = "xng",
["中古藏語"] = "otb",
["中古蘇格蘭語"] = "gmw-msc",
["中古越南語"] = "mkh-mvi",
["中古阿薩姆語"] = "inc-mas",
["中古高地德語"] = "gmh",
["中古高棉語"] = "xhm",
["中國手語"] = "csl",
["中塔拉烏馬拉語"] = "tar",
["中塔格巴努瓦語"] = "tgt",
["中墨儂語"] = "cmo",
["中大峽谷達尼語"] = "dnt",
["中奧吉布瓦語"] = "ojc",
["中奧尤語"] = "awu",
["中尼科巴語"] = "ncb",
["中巴拉望語"] = "plc",
["中帕梅語"] = "pbs",
["中庫爾德語"] = "ckb",
["中普埃布拉納瓦特爾語"] = "ncx",
["中曼西語"] = "mns-cen",
["中東部德語"] = "gmw-ecg",
["中格雷博語"] = "grv",
["中比科爾語"] = "bcl",
["中波莫語"] = "poo",
["中烏瓦語"] = "tuf",
["中瓦圖特語"] = "mpl",
["中瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語"] = "nch",
["中納瓦特爾語"] = "nhn",
["中臘羅語"] = "ywt",
["中薩馬語"] = "sml",
["中蘇巴農語"] = "syb",
["中西伯利亞尤皮克語"] = "ess",
["中邦托克語"] = "lbk",
["中部山地米沃克語"] = "csm",
["中部惠水苗語"] = "hmc",
["中部杜順語"] = "dtp",
["中部法蘭克尼亞語"] = "gmw-cfr",
["中部白語"] = "bca",
["中部麻山苗語"] = "hmm",
["中阿拉斯加尤皮克語"] = "esu",
["中阿斯馬特語"] = "cns",
["中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語"] = "tzm",
["中馬來語"] = "pse",
["中馬塞拉語"] = "mxz",
["中馬薩瓦語"] = "maz",
["中馬蘭諾語"] = "mel",
["丹古語"] = "dhg",
["丹基語"] = "dhn",
["丹尼語"] = "dny",
["丹比語"] = "dac",
["丹語"] = "dnj",
["丹貝拉斯語"] = "dms",
["丹貝阿語"] = "duf",
["丹麥手語"] = "dsl",
["丹麥語"] = "da",
["乍得手語"] = "cds",
["乍得阿拉伯語"] = "shu",
["乙斯語"] = "yis",
["乙爾語"] = "yll",
["也門阿拉伯語"] = "ayn",
["于默薩米語"] = "sju",
["互助土族語"] = "mjg-mgl",
["五屯話"] = "wuh",
["亞他-馬諾博語"] = "atd",
["亞倫卡語"] = "yal",
["亞加拉語"] = "yxg",
["亞加里阿語"] = "ygr",
["亞卡語"] = "yaf",
["亞古阿語"] = "yad",
["亞坎語"] = "yka",
["亞基語"] = "yaq",
["亞基馬語"] = "yak",
["亞夏尼加語"] = "cni",
["亞姆巴語"] = "yam",
["亞巴拉納語"] = "yar",
["亞布拉亞布拉語"] = "yxy",
["亞戈米語"] = "ygm",
["亞拉姆語"] = "arc",
["亞拉巴馬語"] = "akz",
["亞拉拉格薩波特克語"] = "zpu",
["亞拉語"] = "yba",
["亞捫語"] = "sem-amm",
["亞摩利語"] = "sem-amo",
["亞斯語"] = "asz",
["亞本連埃塔語"] = "abp",
["亞松森-米斯特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zoo",
["亞查奇薩波特克語"] = "zav",
["亞泰語"] = "yty",
["亞濟瓦科米語"] = "urj-kya",
["亞烏特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zpb",
["亞爾利語"] = "yxl",
["亞班永語"] = "abm",
["亞瓦拉比其語"] = "yaw",
["亞科馬語"] = "yky",
["亞米納瓦語"] = "yaa",
["亞納語"] = "ynn",
["亞罕語"] = "agq",
["亞美尼亞手語"] = "aen",
["亞美尼亞語"] = "hy",
["亞菲語"] = "wfg",
["亞萊巴語"] = "ylb",
["亞萊語"] = "nce",
["亞蒂薩波特克語"] = "zty",
["亞薩語"] = "yko",
["亞蘭加語"] = "ylr",
["亞諾馬姆語"] = "wca",
["亞諾馬米語"] = "guu",
["亞述新亞拉姆語"] = "aii",
["亞里語"] = "yri",
["亞阿語"] = "iyx",
["亞雷尼薩波特克語"] = "zae",
["亞馬他拉語"] = "amx",
["亞魯馬語"] = "sai-yar",
["亞齊語"] = "ace",
["亢語"] = "khi-kun",
["亨多語"] = "soe",
["什魯克語"] = "shk",
["仆拉語"] = "yip",
["他加祿語"] = "tl",
["他文語"] = "thm",
["他留語"] = "yta",
["仡隆語"] = "cuq",
["代那安那語"] = "tfn",
["代里巴塔克語"] = "btd",
["以東語"] = "xdm",
["以色列手語"] = "isr",
["仫佬語"] = "mlm",
["仲語"] = "cog",
["伊-瓦克語"] = "iwk",
["伊亞尤語"] = "iya",
["伊什卡什米語"] = "isk",
["伊克波索語"] = "kpo",
["伊克西爾語"] = "ixl",
["伊克語"] = "ikx",
["伊內塞諾語"] = "inz",
["伊內布-奧內語"] = "oin",
["伊利亞農-馬諾博語"] = "mbi",
["伊利米語"] = "xly",
["伊利里亞語"] = "xil",
["伊加拉語"] = "igl",
["伊加納語"] = "igg",
["伊努皮克語"] = "ik",
["伊博科語"] = "bkp",
["伊博語"] = "ig",
["伊卡利語"] = "ekg",
["伊卡蘭加爾語"] = "ikr",
["伊卡語"] = "ikk",
["伊哈語"] = "ihp",
["伊圭語"] = "igw",
["伊基托語"] = "iqu",
["伊基祖語"] = "ikz",
["伊塔維特語"] = "itv",
["伊塞基里語"] = "its",
["伊塞貝語"] = "igo",
["伊多語"] = "io",
["伊多馬語"] = "idu",
["伊奎勒語"] = "ikw",
["伊宗語"] = "ijc",
["伊寧蓋語"] = "ygi",
["伊尼亞帕里語"] = "inp",
["伊崩語"] = "txi",
["伊巴丹語"] = "ivb",
["伊巴尼語"] = "iby",
["伊巴洛伊語"] = "ibl",
["伊巴納格語"] = "ibg",
["伊布奧羅語"] = "ibr",
["伊布語"] = "ibu",
["伊帕拉帕阿穆茲戈語"] = "azm",
["伊庫盧語"] = "ikl",
["伊德薩語"] = "ids",
["伊德雷語"] = "ide",
["伊意維語"] = "uiv",
["伊戈語"] = "ahl",
["伊托納馬語"] = "ito",
["伊拉亞山阿埃塔語"] = "atl",
["伊拉努語"] = "ill",
["伊拉庫語"] = "irk",
["伊拉語"] = "ilb",
["伊拉雅語"] = "iry",
["伊拉魯圖語"] = "irh",
["伊捷爾緬語"] = "itl",
["伊斯卡特蘭馬薩特克語"] = "mzi",
["伊斯卡特語"] = "ixc",
["伊斯坦科奧托米語"] = "otz",
["伊斯塔尤特拉米斯特克語"] = "vmj",
["伊斯奈語"] = "inn",
["伊斯孔納瓦語"] = "isc",
["伊斯拉瓦語"] = "srl",
["伊斯特拉語"] = "ist",
["伊斯特羅-羅馬尼亞語"] = "ruo",
["伊斯納格語"] = "isd",
["伊普馬語"] = "byr",
["伊杜納語"] = "viv",
["伊桑朱語"] = "isn",
["伊桑語"] = "tts",
["伊比利亞語"] = "xib",
["伊比利吉普賽語"] = "rmq",
["伊比比奧語"] = "ibb",
["伊比諾語"] = "ibn",
["伊沃姆語"] = "gek",
["伊波羅語"] = "ass",
["伊洛卡諾語"] = "ilo",
["伊澤雷語"] = "izr",
["伊烏爾語"] = "iwo",
["伊爾-約龍特語"] = "yiy",
["伊爾加爾語"] = "ilg",
["伊爾瓦納語"] = "mlk",
["伊爾語"] = "irr",
["伊特內語"] = "ite",
["伊特扎語"] = "itz",
["伊特拉斯坎語"] = "ett",
["伊特格哈語"] = "ydg",
["伊特里語"] = "itr",
["伊班語"] = "iba",
["伊瓦加語"] = "ibd",
["伊瓦姆語"] = "iwm",
["伊瓦爾語"] = "kbm",
["伊當語"] = "idc",
["伊皮利語"] = "ipi",
["伊皮科語"] = "ipo",
["伊福語"] = "iff",
["伊科語"] = "iki",
["伊科馬語"] = "ntk",
["伊約語"] = "nca",
["伊納里薩米語"] = "smn",
["伊索科語"] = "iso",
["伊萊阿佩語"] = "ila",
["伊萬特語"] = "ivv",
["伊蒂克語"] = "itx",
["伊蒙達語"] = "imn",
["伊蓋德語"] = "ige",
["伊薩卡語"] = "ksi",
["伊薩比語"] = "isa",
["伊薩羅格阿埃塔語"] = "agk",
["伊蘇利亞語"] = "mis-isa",
["伊蘇布語"] = "szv",
["伊蘭謝語"] = "irn",
["伊諾凱-亞特語"] = "ino",
["伊諾爾語"] = "ior",
["伊費語"] = "ife",
["伊農罕語"] = "loc",
["伊迪語"] = "idi",
["伊通杜希亞米斯特克語"] = "mce",
["伊達安語"] = "dbj",
["伊里加山阿埃塔語"] = "agz",
["伊里加比科拉諾語"] = "bto",
["伊闊語"] = "iqw",
["伊隆戈語"] = "ilk",
["伊馬斯語"] = "yee",
["伊魯拉語"] = "iru",
["伊齊語"] = "izz",
["伍利伍利語"] = "wlu",
["伍勒納語"] = "wux",
["伍姆博科語"] = "bqm",
["伍希語"] = "bse",
["伍杜語"] = "wud",
["伍武盧-阿瓦語"] = "wuv",
["伍爾古魯語"] = "aus-wul",
["伍通語"] = "wut",
["伏爾加德語"] = "gmw-vog",
["伏納普語"] = "vnp",
["休休尼語"] = "shh",
["休語"] = "hiw",
["伯利茲克里奧爾語"] = "bzj",
["伯塔維語"] = "bew",
["伯拉萬語"] = "lod",
["伯比斯克里奧爾荷蘭語"] = "brc",
["伽耶語"] = "zra",
["伽萊基亞語"] = "cel-gal",
["低地塔拉烏馬拉語"] = "tac",
["低地德語"] = "nds",
["低地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語"] = "clo",
["低地蘇格蘭語"] = "sco",
["佐通語"] = "czt",
["佐齊爾語"] = "tzo",
["佛得角克里奧爾語"] = "kea",
["佛教克木語"] = "khf",
["佛羅語"] = "vro",
["佛蘭德手語"] = "vgt",
["佤語"] = "wbm",
["佩切涅格語"] = "xpc",
["佩勒-阿塔語"] = "ata",
["佩勒內阿舍寧卡語"] = "prq",
["佩卡爾語"] = "pel",
["佩喬語"] = "pey",
["佩塔帕薩波特克語"] = "zpe",
["佩塔茨語"] = "pex",
["佩姆語"] = "pym",
["佩爾切語"] = "pue",
["佩茨語"] = "pay",
["佩萊語"] = "wet",
["佩蒙語"] = "aoc",
["佩語"] = "ppq",
["佩諾布斯科特語"] = "aaq",
["佩諾爾斯米斯特克語"] = "mil",
["佩里庫語"] = "nai-per",
["佯僙語"] = "tct",
["佳僚語"] = "kly",
["佳里其阿納語"] = "ktn",
["依利翁語"] = "ilu",
["依汪都語"] = "ewo",
["依蒂尼語"] = "yii",
["俄羅斯手語"] = "rsl",
["俄語"] = "ru",
["保加利亞手語"] = "bqn",
["保加利亞語"] = "bg",
["保加爾語"] = "xbo",
["保坎語"] = "bnb",
["保安語"] = "peh",
["保洛希語"] = "plh",
["保納卡語"] = "pnk",
["信德比爾語"] = "sbn",
["信德語"] = "sd",
["修納語"] = "sn",
["修道院手語"] = "mzg",
["俾路支語"] = "bal",
["倉洛語"] = "tsj",
["倫巴底語"] = "lmo",
["倫布語"] = "lup",
["倫杰語"] = "leh",
["倫比語"] = "lum",
["倫皮語"] = "rmp",
["倫考語"] = "ler",
["倫貝納語"] = "leq",
["倫迪勒語"] = "rel",
["倮倮潑語"] = "ycl",
["健馱邏語"] = "pgd",
["傈僳語"] = "lis",
["傑努庫魯姆巴語"] = "xuj",
["傑卡提語"] = "jat",
["傑納馬博佐語"] = "bze",
["傑魯語"] = "akj",
["傣亮語"] = "tyr",
["傣仂語"] = "khb",
["傣來語"] = "tjl",
["傣允語"] = "yno",
["傣包語"] = "thc",
["傣奈語"] = "tmm",
["傣端語"] = "twh",
["傣約語"] = "tyj",
["傣納語"] = "tdd",
["傣艮語"] = "kkh",
["傣雅語"] = "cuu",
["傣黯語"] = "blt",
["僥語"] = "nyw",
["僧加羅語"] = "si",
["儂壯語"] = "zhn",
["儂語"] = "nut",
["優拉語"] = "mts",
["優諾語"] = "buh",
["克丘亞語"] = "qu",
["克亞加納語"] = "kyg",
["克什米爾語"] = "ks",
["克佩列語"] = "kpe",
["克佩西語"] = "kef",
["克列克語"] = "krk",
["克列赫語"] = "xke",
["克勒納克語"] = "kqq",
["克勒語"] = "sbc",
["克勞爾語"] = "rka",
["克勞語"] = "cro",
["克奧語"] = "xxk",
["克寧賈爾語"] = "knl",
["克帕古阿語"] = "kuw",
["克帕拉語"] = "kpl",
["克帕蒂利語"] = "kym",
["克帕蒂語"] = "koc",
["克年語"] = "pnx",
["克拉勒姆語"] = "clm",
["克拉奇語"] = "kye",
["克拉沃語"] = "xra",
["克拉語"] = "kcl",
["克拉馬斯語"] = "kla",
["克文語"] = "fkv",
["克普朗語"] = "kph",
["克木語"] = "kjg",
["克林貢語"] = "tlh",
["克沃馬語"] = "kmo",
["克派納拉索克語"] = "zoc",
["克潘語"] = "kpk",
["克烏魯語"] = "xeu",
["克爾曼語"] = "xme-ker",
["克特拉尼語"] = "xhe",
["克瓦亞語"] = "kya",
["克瓦克語"] = "kwq",
["克瓦庫姆語"] = "kwu",
["克瓦托語"] = "kop",
["克瓦森根語"] = "wos",
["克瓦語"] = "bko",
["克瓦迪語"] = "kwz",
["克立新機尼語"] = "asg",
["克納蒂語"] = "gat",
["克羅地亞手語"] = "csq",
["克羅布語"] = "kxb",
["克羅斯河姆邊貝語"] = "mfn",
["克羅語"] = "jkr",
["克萬加語"] = "kwj",
["克萬加里語"] = "kwn",
["克蔑語"] = "kfj",
["克赫赫克語"] = "tlx",
["克那博依語"] = "xbn",
["克里克語"] = "mus",
["克里姆查克語"] = "jct",
["克里米亞哥特語"] = "gme-cgo",
["克里米亞韃靼語"] = "crh",
["克里茨語"] = "kry",
["克里語"] = "cr",
["克里阿卡語"] = "kjx",
["克雷塔羅奧托米語"] = "otq",
["克雷沃語"] = "kxz",
["克雷溫語"] = "zkv",
["克雷維語"] = "ked",
["克雷耶語"] = "xre",
["克馬克語"] = "kem",
["克騰班語"] = "xte",
["克龍戈語"] = "kgo",
["內富沙語"] = "jbn",
["內得邦語"] = "nec",
["內志阿拉伯語"] = "ars",
["內格拉山區納瓦特爾語"] = "nsu",
["內法語"] = "nef",
["八丈語"] = "jpx-hcj",
["八重山語"] = "rys",
["冉姆彼語"] = "lje",
["冰島手語"] = "icl",
["冰島語"] = "is",
["凍原埃涅茨語"] = "enh",
["凍原涅涅茨語"] = "yrk-tun",
["凡那伽羅語"] = "fng",
["凡雅語"] = "fni",
["凱克奇語"] = "kek",
["凱克語"] = "kzq",
["凱利科語"] = "kbo",
["凱博博語"] = "kzb",
["凱埃普語"] = "kbw",
["凱塔格語"] = "xdq",
["凱帕拉語"] = "khz",
["凱恩語"] = "bmh",
["凱拉克語"] = "ckr",
["凱斯語"] = "kzm",
["凱梅宗語"] = "dmo",
["凱爾特伊比利亞語"] = "xce",
["凱特語"] = "ket",
["凱米薩米語"] = "sjk",
["凱約語"] = "eyo",
["凱迪邦語"] = "kzp",
["凱達格蘭語"] = "kae",
["凱里魯語"] = "kxa",
["切克霍羅語"] = "mrn",
["切巴拉塞諾福語"] = "sef",
["切彭語"] = "cdm",
["切皮亞語"] = "ycp",
["切羅基語"] = "chr",
["列多-凱利語"] = "lew",
["列茲金語"] = "lez",
["別日塔語"] = "kap",
["利亞布庫語"] = "lix",
["利亞納-塞蒂語"] = "ste",
["利什語"] = "lsh",
["利伯尼亞語"] = "xli",
["利勞語"] = "lll",
["利卡語"] = "lik",
["利古里亞語"] = "lij",
["利古里達朱語"] = "liu",
["利圭語"] = "iri",
["利基語"] = "lio",
["利塞拉語"] = "lcl",
["利夸拉語"] = "kwc",
["利姆尼亞語"] = "xle",
["利富語"] = "dhv",
["利希爾語"] = "lih",
["利庫姆語"] = "lib",
["利攀語"] = "apl",
["利格比語"] = "lig",
["利比亞手語"] = "lbs",
["利比亞阿拉伯語"] = "ayl",
["利比多語"] = "liq",
["利比里亞克佩列語"] = "xpe",
["利比里亞克里奧爾語"] = "lir",
["利洛厄特語"] = "lil",
["利米爾甘語"] = "lmc",
["利維卡累利阿語"] = "olo",
["利莫斯卡林阿語"] = "kmk",
["利邦比科爾語"] = "lbl",
["利馬薩語"] = "bme",
["前薩莫奈語"] = "itc-psa",
["剛果語"] = "kg",
["加伊爾語"] = "gyl",
["加利西亞語"] = "gl",
["加加杜語"] = "gbu",
["加勒比印度斯坦語"] = "hns",
["加勒比爪哇語"] = "jvn",
["加勒比語"] = "car",
["加勞語"] = "kyj",
["加厄當語"] = "gdg",
["加告茲語"] = "gag",
["加喜特語"] = "mis-kas",
["加姆語"] = "tbi",
["加巴迪語"] = "kbt",
["加帕派瓦語"] = "pwg",
["加德當語"] = "gad",
["加德蘇普語"] = "gaj",
["加德語"] = "ged",
["加拉加迪語"] = "xkv",
["加拉提亞語"] = "xga",
["加拉瓦語"] = "wrk",
["加拉畢語"] = "kzi",
["加拿逸語"] = "kxn",
["加族語"] = "gaa",
["加林巴爾語"] = "xgi",
["加林迪亞語"] = "xgl",
["加比語"] = "gbw",
["加法特語"] = "gft",
["加泰羅尼亞手語"] = "csc",
["加泰羅尼亞語"] = "ca",
["加洛利語"] = "gal",
["加洛瓦語"] = "anq",
["加爾華利語"] = "gbm",
["加瓦克語"] = "dmc",
["加瓦爾-巴蒂語"] = "gwt",
["加瓦爾語"] = "gou",
["加當語"] = "gdk",
["加盧拉語"] = "sdn",
["加約語"] = "gay",
["加納手語"] = "gse",
["加維昂語"] = "gvp",
["加羅林語"] = "cal",
["加羅語"] = "roa-gal",
["加肖伍語"] = "yok-gsy",
["加茂語"] = "jio",
["加萊亞語"] = "gar",
["加諾威語"] = "kxo",
["加農加語"] = "ghn",
["加達梅斯語"] = "gha",
["加里富納語"] = "cab",
["加里布納語"] = "kmv",
["加里里語"] = "kzw",
["加阿語"] = "ttb",
["加雅維語"] = "bmk",
["加馬爾卡姆語"] = "kgj",
["加馬魯語"] = "kgx",
["加魯斯語"] = "gyb",
["努佩語"] = "nup",
["努內語"] = "nhu",
["努卡克馬庫語"] = "mbr",
["努古里亞語"] = "nur",
["努埃爾語"] = "nus",
["努基尼語"] = "nuc",
["努巴查語"] = "baf",
["努庫努爾語"] = "xnu",
["努庫奧羅語"] = "nkr",
["努庫馬努語"] = "nuq",
["努恩語"] = "snf",
["努梅埃語"] = "kdk",
["努比因語"] = "fia",
["努比語"] = "kcn",
["努波伊維托托語"] = "hux",
["努特卡語"] = "nuk",
["努米底亞"] = "nxm",
["努芒岡語"] = "nop",
["努語"] = "ngh",
["勃拉語"] = "bnp",
["勃歐語"] = "blk",
["勃爾語"] = "bvf",
["勃艮第語"] = "roa-brg",
["勉語"] = "ium",
["勒勒米語"] = "lef",
["勒勒語 (剛果)"] = "lel",
["勒勒語 (幾內亞)"] = "llc",
["勒勒語 (新幾內亞)"] = "lle",
["勒勒語 (查德)"] = "lln",
["勒姆邦語"] = "reb",
["勒姜語"] = "rej",
["勒曼語"] = "rmx",
["勒期語"] = "lsi",
["勒沃托比語"] = "lwt",
["勒蒂語"] = "lti",
["勞倫特語"] = "lre",
["勞圖欽語"] = "clt",
["勞拉語"] = "lur",
["勞捷語"] = "law",
["勞語"] = "llu",
["勾克語"] = "tbq-gkh",
["勿董-勿董語"] = "bdx",
["包利雅語"] = "bge",
["包瓦基語"] = "bwk",
["包雷語"] = "brg",
["匈人語"] = "xhc",
["匈奴語"] = "mis-xnu",
["匈牙利手語"] = "hsh",
["匈牙利語"] = "hu",
["北侗語"] = "doc",
["北加勒語"] = "ghh",
["北努尼語"] = "nuv",
["北卡坦端內斯比科拉諾語"] = "cts",
["北卡拉普亞語"] = "nrt",
["北圖斯亞語"] = "tsp",
["北坦納語"] = "tnn",
["北埃法特語"] = "llp",
["北塔拉烏馬拉語"] = "thh",
["北塔穹語"] = "ttm",
["北塞爾庫普語"] = "sel-nor",
["北大年馬來語"] = "mfa",
["北奄美大島語"] = "ryn",
["北奧內語"] = "onr",
["北奧尤語"] = "yir",
["北奧龍尼語"] = "cst",
["北安布里姆語"] = "mmg",
["北尤卡吉爾語"] = "ykg",
["北尼蘇語"] = "yiv",
["北山谷約庫特語"] = "yok-nvy",
["北巴巴爾語"] = "bcd",
["北帕梅語"] = "pmq",
["北帝東語"] = "ntd",
["北庫爾德語"] = "kmr",
["北弗里斯蘭語"] = "frr",
["北恩德貝勒語"] = "nd",
["北恩班迪語"] = "ngb",
["北恩貝拉語"] = "emp",
["北拉格萊語"] = "rog",
["北摩鹿加馬來語"] = "max",
["北撒哈拉柏柏爾語"] = "mzb",
["北斯拉維語"] = "scs",
["北普埃布拉納瓦特爾語"] = "ncj",
["北普米語"] = "pmi",
["北曼西語"] = "mns-nor",
["北木吉語"] = "ymx",
["北格雷博語"] = "gbo",
["北桑海語"] = "twq",
["北波克倫語"] = "pww",
["北波莫語"] = "pej",
["北泰羅拉語"] = "tbg",
["北派伍特語"] = "pao",
["北海達語"] = "hdn",
["北漢特語"] = "kca-nor",
["北特佩瓦語"] = "ntp",
["北特拉夏科米斯特克語"] = "xtn",
["北瓦哈卡納瓦特爾語"] = "nhy",
["北瓦圖特語"] = "una",
["北瓦赫吉語"] = "whg",
["北甘馬粦阿埃塔語"] = "abd",
["北皮賽恩語"] = "nrp",
["北盧里語"] = "lrc",
["北索托語"] = "nso",
["北羌語"] = "cng",
["北美索不達米亞阿拉伯語"] = "ayp",
["北薩米語"] = "se",
["北蘇巴農語"] = "stb",
["北辛德科語"] = "hno",
["北邦托克語"] = "rbk",
["北部土家語"] = "tji",
["北部山地米沃克語"] = "nsq",
["北部平話"] = "cnp",
["北部惠水苗語"] = "hmi",
["北部杜剛貝西語"] = "khc",
["北部東克里語"] = "crl",
["北部泰語"] = "nod",
["北部特克語"] = "teg",
["北部白語"] = "bfc",
["北部貴陽苗語"] = "huj",
["北部高棉語"] = "kxm",
["北部麻山苗語"] = "hmp",
["北部黔東苗語"] = "hea",
["北阿爾塔語"] = "aqn",
["北阿爾泰語"] = "atv",
["北馬克薩斯語"] = "mrq",
["北黎凡特阿拉伯語"] = "apc",
["千里達及托巴哥手語"] = "lst",
["卑南語"] = "pyu",
["卓尼語"] = "cda",
["卓米語"] = "zom",
["南侗語"] = "kmc",
["南倮倮潑語"] = "ysp",
["南加勒語"] = "ghe",
["南努尼語"] = "nnw",
["南博博語"] = "bwq",
["南博馬語"] = "bnt-sbo",
["南卡坦端內斯比科爾語"] = "bln",
["南卡拉普亞語"] = "sxk",
["南卡林阿語"] = "ksc",
["南圖斯亞語"] = "wib",
["南埃法特語"] = "erk",
["南基瓦伊語"] = "kjd",
["南塔穹語"] = "tce",
["南塞爾庫普語"] = "sel-sou",
["南墨儂語"] = "mnn",
["南奄美大島語"] = "ams",
["南奧內語"] = "osu",
["南奧尤語"] = "aws",
["南奧龍尼語"] = "css",
["南安加爾語"] = "aoe",
["南尤卡吉爾語"] = "yux",
["南尼科巴語"] = "nik",
["南尼蘇語"] = "nsd",
["南山谷約庫特語"] = "yok-svy",
["南島馬里語"] = "hob",
["南帕梅語"] = "pmz",
["南帝東語"] = "itd",
["南庫爾德語"] = "sdh",
["南恩德貝勒語"] = "nr",
["南恩班迪語"] = "nbw",
["南拉格萊語"] = "rgs",
["南斯拉夫手語"] = "ysl",
["南斯拉維語"] = "xsl",
["南普埃布拉米斯特克語"] = "mit",
["南普米語"] = "pmj",
["南曼西語"] = "mns-sou",
["南木吉語"] = "ymc",
["南林松薩波特克語"] = "zsr",
["南格雷博語"] = "grj",
["南比夸拉語"] = "nab",
["南比語"] = "mty",
["南波莫語"] = "peq",
["南泰羅拉語"] = "omw",
["南海達語"] = "hax",
["南漢特語"] = "kca-sou",
["南瓦圖特語"] = "mcy",
["南皮賽恩語"] = "spx",
["南盧里語"] = "luz",
["南羌語"] = "qxs",
["南蒂科克語"] = "nnt",
["南薩米語"] = "sma",
["南薩馬語"] = "ssb",
["南辛德科語"] = "hnd",
["南迪語"] = "niq",
["南達凱爾語"] = "caf",
["南邁杜語"] = "nsz",
["南邦托克語"] = "obk",
["南部土家語"] = "tjs",
["南部山地米沃克語"] = "skd",
["南部平話"] = "csp",
["南部杜剛貝西語"] = "bhq",
["南部東克里語"] = "crj",
["南部泰語"] = "sou",
["南部白語"] = "bfs",
["南部貴陽苗語"] = "hmy",
["南部麻山苗語"] = "hma",
["南部黔東苗語"] = "hms",
["南阿爾卑斯高盧語"] = "xlp",
["南阿爾塔語"] = "agy",
["南阿爾泰語"] = "alt",
["南阿蘭達語"] = "axl",
["南非手語"] = "sfs",
["南非語"] = "af",
["南馬克薩斯語"] = "mqm",
["南馬迪語"] = "snm",
["南黎凡特阿拉伯語"] = "ajp",
["博伊肯語"] = "bzf",
["博克伊語"] = "bky",
["博利瑙語"] = "smk",
["博利阿語"] = "bli",
["博加亞語"] = "boq",
["博博特語"] = "bty",
["博古魯語"] = "bqu",
["博嘎爾語"] = "sit-bok",
["博塞萊瓦語"] = "bwf",
["博多帕爾賈語"] = "bdv",
["博多語"] = "brx",
["博姆語"] = "bmf",
["博拉克語"] = "art-blk",
["博拉語"] = "boa",
["博斯溫語"] = "bqs",
["博杰普爾語"] = "bho",
["博格霍姆語"] = "bux",
["博桑戈阿-葛巴亞語"] = "gbp",
["博特-邁希語"] = "bmj",
["博特利赫語"] = "bph",
["博瓦伊語"] = "rak",
["博祖姆-葛巴亞語"] = "gbq",
["博科托語"] = "bdt",
["博科語"] = "bqc",
["博穆語"] = "bmq",
["博米塔巴語"] = "zmx",
["博羅克語"] = "trp",
["博羅洛語"] = "bor",
["博羅語"] = "xxb",
["博阿齊語"] = "kvg",
["博隆語"] = "ksr",
["博雷語"] = "bol",
["博馬尤穆語"] = "bnt-boy",
["博馬恩庫語"] = "bnt-bon",
["博魯卡語"] = "brn",
["卜多-亞塔語"] = "atp",
["卜老語"] = "tsl",
["占巴拉宜安語"] = "cml",
["占碑馬來語"] = "jax",
["卡亞帕卡拉漢語"] = "kak",
["卡亞曼語"] = "kag",
["卡亞波語"] = "txu",
["卡伊瓦語"] = "kgk",
["卡倫邦語"] = "kli",
["卡倫金語"] = "kln",
["卡內拉語"] = "ram",
["卡加揚語"] = "cgc",
["卡加特語"] = "syw",
["卡努菲語"] = "kni",
["卡努語"] = "khx",
["卡努里語"] = "kr",
["卡勞語"] = "ywa",
["卡卓語"] = "kaf",
["卡博勒-奧內語"] = "onk",
["卡卡拜語"] = "kqf",
["卡卡洛斯特佩克米斯特克語"] = "miu",
["卡古盧語"] = "kki",
["卡吉威語"] = "kbc",
["卡唐語"] = "kgd",
["卡喬語"] = "xkk",
["卡因貝語"] = "xai",
["卡坎達語"] = "kka",
["卡塔威希語"] = "xat",
["卡塔布語"] = "kcg",
["卡塔考語"] = "sai-cat",
["卡塔里亞塔魯語"] = "tkt",
["卡壤語"] = "kzr",
["卡多語"] = "ktp",
["卡夸語"] = "keo",
["卡奈語"] = "bbv",
["卡姆卡塔-維利語"] = "bsh",
["卡姆威語"] = "hig",
["卡姆巴塔語"] = "ktb",
["卡姆巴語"] = "kam",
["卡姆薩語"] = "kbh",
["卡姆語"] = "xam",
["卡威沙納語"] = "awd-kaw",
["卡安巴語"] = "xku",
["卡寧吉語"] = "kzo",
["卡寧拉語"] = "knr",
["卡尤加語"] = "cay",
["卡尤巴巴語"] = "cyb",
["卡尤普勞語"] = "kzu",
["卡尼努瓦語"] = "wat",
["卡尼卡蘭語"] = "kev",
["卡尼特語"] = "kmu",
["卡巴特伊語"] = "xkp",
["卡巴萊語"] = "kvf",
["卡布特拉語"] = "kbu",
["卡布瓦語"] = "cwa",
["卡布里語"] = "uka",
["卡布雷語"] = "awd-cab",
["卡帕多細亞希臘語"] = "cpg",
["卡平語"] = "tbx",
["卡平阿馬朗伊語"] = "kpg",
["卡庫語"] = "kkj",
["卡延語"] = "pdu",
["卡恰爾語"] = "xac",
["卡戈馬語"] = "kdm",
["卡托巴語"] = "chc",
["卡托語"] = "ktw",
["卡拉什瑪語"] = "ine-kal",
["卡拉什語"] = "kls",
["卡拉伊姆語"] = "kdr",
["卡拉加曼達亞語"] = "mry",
["卡拉卡爾帕克語"] = "kaa",
["卡拉塔語"] = "kpt",
["卡拉巴里語"] = "ijn",
["卡拉布拉語"] = "kzz",
["卡拉布里亞希臘語"] = "grk-cal",
["卡拉帕納語"] = "cbc",
["卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語"] = "krc",
["卡拉拉高雅語"] = "mwp",
["卡拉斯語"] = "kgv",
["卡拉普亞語"] = "kyl",
["卡拉曼塔語"] = "crf",
["卡拉爾科語"] = "kba",
["卡拉瓦亞語"] = "caw",
["卡拉瓦語"] = "xrw",
["卡拉甘語"] = "kqe",
["卡拉米-塔格巴努瓦語"] = "tbk",
["卡拉米語"] = "gwc",
["卡拉莫瓊語"] = "kdj",
["卡拉語 (新幾內亞)"] = "leu",
["卡拉賈語"] = "kpj",
["卡拉馬雅語"] = "lkm",
["卡拜爾語"] = "kab",
["卡捷語"] = "kaj",
["卡斯卡語"] = "kkz",
["卡斯拉梅特語"] = "nai-kat",
["卡普提奧語"] = "kbi",
["卡普語"] = "ykm",
["卡普里曼語"] = "dju",
["卡杜格利語"] = "xtc",
["卡杜語"] = "zkd",
["卡林加里語"] = "kgn",
["卡查馬-甘朱勒語"] = "kcx",
["卡比希亞納語"] = "tup-kab",
["卡比耶語"] = "kbp",
["卡沙亞語"] = "kju",
["卡法語"] = "kbr",
["卡爾卡爾-尤里語"] = "yuj",
["卡爾尼科巴語"] = "caq",
["卡爾庫通語"] = "ktg",
["卡爾托語"] = "nlx",
["卡爾梅克衛拉特語"] = "xal",
["卡爾比語"] = "mjw",
["卡爾科提語"] = "xka",
["卡片片甘語"] = "pam",
["卡特卡里語"] = "kfu",
["卡特拉語"] = "kcr",
["卡瓦伊蘇語"] = "xaw",
["卡瓦斯卡爾語"] = "alc",
["卡皮塞尼奧語"] = "cps",
["卡盧利語"] = "bco",
["卡科特語"] = "byx",
["卡穆希語"] = "cam",
["卡穆拉語"] = "xla",
["卡穆語"] = "xmu",
["卡米拉瑞語"] = "kld",
["卡米語"] = "kmi",
["卡納庫魯語"] = "kna",
["卡納西語"] = "soq",
["卡納達語"] = "kn",
["卡累利阿語"] = "krl",
["卡維內納語"] = "cav",
["卡維拉語"] = "chl",
["卡羅來納阿爾岡昆語"] = "crr",
["卡羅巴塔克語"] = "btx",
["卡羅語"] = "kxh",
["卡羅雷語"] = "xkx",
["卡翁德語"] = "kqn",
["卡聶特語"] = "ktk",
["卡舒比語"] = "csb",
["卡艾拉語"] = "jka",
["卡芒語"] = "woi",
["卡莫尼語"] = "xcc",
["卡莫羅語"] = "kgq",
["卡莫語"] = "kcq",
["卡華語"] = "agw",
["卡蘇阿語"] = "khs",
["卡蘭加語"] = "xrq",
["卡蘭卡瓦語"] = "zkk",
["卡蘭語"] = "kmh",
["卡西古蘭杜馬加特阿埃塔語"] = "dgc",
["卡西語"] = "kha",
["卡貝卡語"] = "cjp",
["卡賈里語"] = "xkj",
["卡達拉語"] = "kad",
["卡達魯語"] = "kdu",
["卡那卡那富語"] = "xnb",
["卡那語"] = "ogo",
["卡那馬里語"] = "knm",
["卡里亞塔爾語"] = "ksy",
["卡里亞拉語"] = "vka",
["卡里亞語"] = "khr",
["卡里普納語"] = "kuq",
["卡里艾語"] = "awd-kar",
["卡阿比語"] = "kyz",
["卡雅加爾語"] = "kyt",
["卡雅迪爾特語"] = "gyd",
["卡雷卡雷語"] = "kai",
["卡雷語"] = "kyd",
["卡雷語 (新幾內亞)"] = "kmf",
["卡雷語 (非洲)"] = "kbn",
["卡霍諾斯薩波特克語"] = "zad",
["卡馬利安語"] = "kzx",
["卡馬坎語"] = "vkm",
["卡馬尤語"] = "kyk",
["卡馬幽拉語"] = "kay",
["卡馬拉語"] = "jmr",
["卡馬撒烏語"] = "kms",
["卡馬斯語"] = "xas",
["卡馬爾語"] = "keq",
["卡馬薩語"] = "klp",
["卡馬諾語"] = "kbq",
["卡魯亞農語"] = "clu",
["卡魯克語"] = "kyh",
["印古什語"] = "inh",
["印地語"] = "hi",
["印尼巴瑤語"] = "bdl",
["印尼手語"] = "inl",
["印尼語"] = "id",
["印度手語"] = "ins",
["印度河流域語"] = "xiv",
["印度河科希斯坦語"] = "mvy",
["印度葡萄牙語"] = "idb",
["危地馬拉手語"] = "gsm",
["卻域語"] = "qvy",
["厄勒皮語"] = "ele",
["厄爾克依語"] = "elk",
["厄特馬因語"] = "gel",
["厄瓜多爾手語"] = "ecs",
["原始上克羅斯河語"] = "nic-ucr-pro",
["原始下克羅斯河語"] = "nic-lcr-pro",
["原始中-東部馬來-波利尼西亞語"] = "poz-cet-pro",
["原始中乍得語"] = "cdc-cbm-pro",
["原始中多哥語"] = "alv-gtm-pro",
["原始中新南威爾士語"] = "aus-cww-pro",
["原始中熱語"] = "sai-cje-pro",
["原始中蘇丹語"] = "csu-pro",
["原始中達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-cen-pro",
["原始中那加語"] = "sit-aao-pro",
["原始乍得語"] = "cdc-pro",
["原始乙種南達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-sdt-pro",
["原始亞斯里語"] = "mkh-asl-pro",
["原始亞美尼亞語"] = "hyx-pro",
["原始亞非語"] = "afa-pro",
["原始仡佬語"] = "qfa-kra-pro",
["原始伊博語"] = "alv-igb-pro",
["原始伊朗語"] = "ira-pro",
["原始伊爵語"] = "ijo-pro",
["原始伊瓦伊賈語"] = "aus-wdj-pro",
["原始佤德昂語"] = "mkh-pal-pro",
["原始侗台語"] = "qfa-tak-pro",
["原始侗水語"] = "qfa-kms-pro",
["原始克丘亞語"] = "qwe-pro",
["原始克倫語"] = "kar-pro",
["原始克木語"] = "mkh-khm-pro",
["原始克魯語"] = "kro-pro",
["原始凱爾特語"] = "cel-pro",
["原始切爾克斯語"] = "cau-cir-pro",
["原始列茲金語"] = "cau-lzg-pro",
["原始加勒比語"] = "sai-car-pro",
["原始努佩語"] = "alv-nup-pro",
["原始努利斯坦語"] = "iir-nur-pro",
["原始努姆語"] = "azc-num-pro",
["原始努比亞語"] = "nub-pro",
["原始北哈馬黑拉語"] = "paa-nha-pro",
["原始北易洛魁語"] = "iro-nor-pro",
["原始北沙撈越語"] = "poz-swa-pro",
["原始北熱語"] = "sai-nje-pro",
["原始北達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-nor-pro",
["原始北那加語"] = "sit-kon-pro",
["原始南亞語"] = "aav-pro",
["原始南島語"] = "map-pro",
["原始南庫希特語"] = "cus-sou-pro",
["原始南熱語"] = "sai-sje-pro",
["原始南蘇拉威西語"] = "poz-ssw-pro",
["原始南達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-sou-pro",
["原始南高加索語"] = "ccs-pro",
["原始博多-加羅語"] = "tbq-bdg-pro",
["原始博拉語"] = "sai-bor-pro",
["原始占語"] = "cmc-pro",
["原始卡姆塔語"] = "inc-krd-pro",
["原始卡姆語"] = "sit-kha-pro",
["原始卡拉普亞語"] = "nai-klp-pro",
["原始卡拉棉語"] = "phi-kal-pro",
["原始卡杜語"] = "qfa-kad-pro",
["原始卡西語"] = "aav-khs-pro",
["原始印度-伊朗語"] = "iir-pro",
["原始印度-雅利安語"] = "inc-pro",
["原始印歐語"] = "ine-pro",
["原始台語"] = "tai-pro",
["原始吐火羅語"] = "ine-toc-pro",
["原始哈馬黑拉-鳥頭灣語"] = "poz-hce-pro",
["原始唐窟語"] = "sit-tng-pro",
["原始因紐特語"] = "esx-inu-pro",
["原始圖皮-瓜拉尼語"] = "tup-gua-pro",
["原始圖皮語"] = "tup-pro",
["原始埃德基里語"] = "alv-edk-pro",
["原始塔基語"] = "azc-tak-pro",
["原始塔蒂語"] = "xme-ttc-pro",
["原始塞-瓦罕語"] = "xsc-skw-pro",
["原始塞姆南語"] = "ira-kms-pro",
["原始塞拉多語"] = "sai-cer-pro",
["原始塞爾庫普語"] = "sel-pro",
["原始塞語"] = "xsc-sak-pro",
["原始大安達曼語"] = "qfa-adm-pro",
["原始大洋洲語"] = "poz-oce-pro",
["原始大西洋-剛果語"] = "alv-pro",
["原始奇布查語"] = "cba-pro",
["原始契努克語"] = "nai-ckn-pro",
["原始奧托米語"] = "oto-otm-pro",
["原始奧摩語"] = "omv-pro",
["原始奧蒂-沃爾特語"] = "nic-ovo-pro",
["原始孟-高棉語"] = "mkh-pro",
["原始孟語"] = "mkh-mnc-pro",
["原始安恆語"] = "aus-arn-pro",
["原始安納托利亞語"] = "ine-ana-pro",
["原始安迪語"] = "cau-and-pro",
["原始密克羅尼西亞語"] = "poz-mic-pro",
["原始尤卡吉爾語"] = "qfa-yuk-pro",
["原始尤皮克語"] = "ypk-pro",
["原始尼日爾-剛果語"] = "nic-pro",
["原始尼科巴語"] = "aav-nic-pro",
["原始尼羅-撒哈拉語"] = "ssa-pro",
["原始尼羅語"] = "sdv-nil-pro",
["原始巴塔克語"] = "btk-pro",
["原始巴拿語"] = "mkh-ban-pro",
["原始巴斯克語"] = "euq-pro",
["原始布立吞語"] = "cel-bry-pro",
["原始布那-卡西-林甘語"] = "aav-pkl-pro",
["原始布阿語"] = "alv-bua-pro",
["原始希臘語"] = "grk-pro",
["原始帕馬-恩永甘語"] = "aus-pam-pro",
["原始庫利亞克語"] = "ssa-klk-pro",
["原始庫基-欽語"] = "tbq-kuk-pro",
["原始庫希特語"] = "cus-pro",
["原始庫帕語"] = "azc-cup-pro",
["原始庫爾德語"] = "ku-pro",
["原始彝語"] = "tbq-lol-pro",
["原始彼爾姆語"] = "urj-prm-pro",
["原始德內語"] = "ath-pro",
["原始恩古尼語"] = "bnt-ngu-pro",
["原始意大利語"] = "itc-pro",
["原始愛斯基摩-阿留申語"] = "esx-pro",
["原始愛斯基摩語"] = "esx-esk-pro",
["原始愛爾蘭語"] = "pgl",
["原始戈都語"] = "mkh-kat-pro",
["原始扎扎其古拉尼語"] = "ira-zgr-pro",
["原始托托索克語"] = "nai-tot-pro",
["原始斯基泰語"] = "xsc-pro",
["原始斯拉夫語"] = "sla-pro",
["原始日耳曼語"] = "gem-pro",
["原始日語"] = "jpx-pro",
["原始易洛魁語"] = "iro-pro",
["原始普什圖語"] = "ira-pat-pro",
["原始曼德語"] = "dmn-pro",
["原始曼西語"] = "mns-pro",
["原始朝鮮語"] = "qfa-kor-pro",
["原始東北高加索語"] = "cau-nec-pro",
["原始東奧蒂-沃爾特語"] = "nic-eov-pro",
["原始東部波利尼西亞語"] = "poz-pep-pro",
["原始東部馬來-波利尼西亞語"] = "pqe-pro",
["原始柏柏爾語"] = "ber-pro",
["原始查蒂諾語"] = "omq-cha-pro",
["原始核心波利尼西亞語"] = "poz-pnp-pro",
["原始格巴亞語"] = "gba-pro",
["原始格貝語"] = "alv-gbe-pro",
["原始格魯吉亞-贊語"] = "ccs-gzn-pro",
["原始桑格萊奇伊什卡什米語"] = "ira-sgi-pro",
["原始桑海語"] = "son-pro",
["原始楚科奇-堪察加語"] = "qfa-cka-pro",
["原始楚馬什語"] = "nai-chu-pro",
["原始楠榜語"] = "poz-lgx-pro",
["原始歐托-帕梅語"] = "omq-otp-pro",
["原始歐托-曼格語"] = "omq-pro",
["原始比爾語"] = "mkh-pea-pro",
["原始沃爾特-剛果語"] = "nic-vco-pro",
["原始沃爾特-尼日爾語"] = "alv-von-pro",
["原始波利尼西亞語"] = "poz-pol-pro",
["原始波羅的-斯拉夫語"] = "ine-bsl-pro",
["原始波莫語"] = "nai-pom-pro",
["原始泰諾-阿拉瓦克語"] = "awd-taa-pro",
["原始泰雅語"] = "map-ata-pro",
["原始漢特語"] = "kca-pro",
["原始漢藏語"] = "sit-pro",
["原始烏戈爾語"] = "urj-ugr-pro",
["原始烏拉爾語"] = "urj-pro",
["原始熱語"] = "sai-jee-pro",
["原始爾蘇語"] = "sit-ers-pro",
["原始特里基語"] = "omq-tri-pro",
["原始猶他-阿茲特克語"] = "azc-pro",
["原始班圖語"] = "bnt-pro",
["原始琉球語"] = "jpx-ryu-pro",
["原始瑤語"] = "hmx-mie-pro",
["原始瑪雅語"] = "myn-pro",
["原始甲種南達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-sdo-pro",
["原始白語"] = "sit-bai-pro",
["原始盧伊語"] = "sit-luu-pro",
["原始科伊語"] = "khi-kho-pro",
["原始穆斯科格語"] = "nai-mus-pro",
["原始突厥語"] = "trk-pro",
["原始米塞-索克語"] = "nai-miz-pro",
["原始米底-安息語"] = "ira-mpr-pro",
["原始米斯特克語"] = "omq-mxt-pro",
["原始粟特語"] = "ira-sgc-pro",
["原始約魯巴語"] = "alv-yor-pro",
["原始納-德內語"] = "xnd-pro",
["原始納克語"] = "cau-nkh-pro",
["原始納威基語"] = "awd-nwk-pro",
["原始納瓦語"] = "azc-nah-pro",
["原始納西語"] = "sit-nas-pro",
["原始紐爾紐爾語"] = "aus-nyu-pro",
["原始索托-茨瓦納語"] = "bnt-sts-pro",
["原始緬彝語"] = "tbq-lob-pro",
["原始緬語"] = "tbq-brm-pro",
["原始翁奇語"] = "qfa-ong-pro",
["原始胡里安-烏拉爾圖語"] = "qfa-hur-pro",
["原始臘羅語"] = "tbq-lal-pro",
["原始舍朱奔語"] = "sit-khb-pro",
["原始舒格南羅尚語"] = "ira-shr-pro",
["原始舒格南雅茲古拉米蒙賈尼語"] = "ira-sym-pro",
["原始舒格南雅茲古拉米語"] = "ira-shy-pro",
["原始芬蘭語"] = "urj-fin-pro",
["原始苗瑤語"] = "hmx-pro",
["原始苗語"] = "hmn-pro",
["原始草原語"] = "nic-grf-pro",
["原始莫爾多瓦語"] = "urj-mdv-pro",
["原始莽語"] = "mkh-pkn-pro",
["原始菲律賓語"] = "phi-pro",
["原始葉尼塞語"] = "qfa-yen-pro",
["原始蒙古語"] = "xgn-pro",
["原始蒙賈尼伊特格哈語"] = "ira-mny-pro",
["原始蒙達語"] = "mun-pro",
["原始薩利希語"] = "sal-pro",
["原始薩巴基語"] = "bnt-sab-pro",
["原始薩波特克語"] = "omq-zpc-pro",
["原始薩米語"] = "smi-pro",
["原始薩莫耶德語"] = "syd-pro",
["原始薩馬提亞語"] = "xsc-sar-pro",
["原始藏語"] = "sit-bdi-pro",
["原始蘇-卡托巴語"] = "nai-sca-pro",
["原始蘇語"] = "sio-pro",
["原始蘇龍語"] = "sit-khp-pro",
["原始西北高加索語"] = "cau-nwc-pro",
["原始西南台語"] = "tai-swe-pro",
["原始西日耳曼語"] = "gmw-pro",
["原始西曼德語"] = "dmn-mdw-pro",
["原始西舍朱奔語"] = "sit-khw-pro",
["原始西閃米特語"] = "sem-wes-pro",
["原始諾爾斯語"] = "gmq-pro",
["原始貝努埃-剛果語"] = "nic-bco-pro",
["原始貝台語"] = "qfa-bet-pro",
["原始貝語"] = "qfa-onb-pro",
["原始越語"] = "mkh-vie-pro",
["原始跨新幾內亞語"] = "ngf-pro",
["原始通古斯語"] = "tuw-pro",
["原始達尼語"] = "sit-tan-pro",
["原始達爾金語"] = "cau-drg-pro",
["原始達羅毗荼語"] = "dra-pro",
["原始達芒語"] = "sit-tam-pro",
["原始邦庫-多樂基語"] = "poz-btk-pro",
["原始采茲語"] = "cau-tsz-pro",
["原始閃米特語"] = "sem-pro",
["原始閩語"] = "zhx-min-pro",
["原始阿布哈茲-阿巴扎語"] = "cau-abz-pro",
["原始阿帕契語"] = "apa-pro",
["原始阿拉瓦克語"] = "awd-pro",
["原始阿拉萬語"] = "auf-pro",
["原始阿爾吉克語"] = "aql-pro",
["原始阿爾岡昆語"] = "alg-pro",
["原始阿爾巴尼亞語"] = "sqj-pro",
["原始阿瓦爾-安迪語"] = "cau-ava-pro",
["原始阿里語"] = "omv-aro-pro",
["原始類埃多語"] = "alv-edo-pro",
["原始類奧托米語"] = "oto-pro",
["原始類班圖語"] = "nic-bod-pro",
["原始類米斯特克語"] = "omq-mix-pro",
["原始類約魯巴語"] = "alv-yrd-pro",
["原始類索馬里語"] = "cus-som-pro",
["原始類薩波特克語"] = "omq-zap-pro",
["原始馬來-占語"] = "poz-mcm-pro",
["原始馬來-松巴哇語"] = "poz-msa-pro",
["原始馬來-波利尼西亞語"] = "poz-pro",
["原始馬來語"] = "poz-mly-pro",
["原始馬薩特克語"] = "omq-maz-pro",
["原始馬里語"] = "chm-pro",
["原始高原佩努提語支"] = "nai-plp-pro",
["原始高原語"] = "nic-plt-pro",
["原始高地東庫希特語"] = "cus-hec-pro",
["原始高棉語"] = "mkh-kmr-pro",
["原始魯凱語"] = "dru-pro",
["原始魯蘇語"] = "sit-hrs-pro",
["原始黎語"] = "qfa-lic-pro",
["叢林因加語"] = "inj",
["古丹麥語"] = "gmq-oda",
["古亞尼語"] = "gvy",
["古伊拉薩波特克語"] = "ztu",
["古典亞美尼亞語"] = "xcl",
["古典克丘亞語"] = "qwc",
["古典尼瓦爾語"] = "nwc",
["古典敘利亞語"] = "syc",
["古典曼達安語"] = "myz",
["古典瓜拉尼語"] = "gn-cls",
["古典納瓦特爾語"] = "nci",
["古典蒙古語"] = "cmg",
["古典蓋爾語"] = "ghc",
["古典藏語"] = "xct",
["古典馬雅語"] = "emy",
["古利古里亞語"] = "xlg",
["古利蘇蘇語"] = "vkl",
["古加奇語"] = "ggd",
["古加泰羅尼亞語"] = "roa-oca",
["古努語"] = "yas",
["古勃艮第語"] = "gme-bur",
["古勒語"] = "gly",
["古北阿拉伯語"] = "xna",
["古南阿拉伯語"] = "sem-srb",
["古卡納達語"] = "dra-okn",
["古印地語"] = "inc-ohi",
["古古-貝拉語"] = "kkp",
["古古伊米吉爾語"] = "kky",
["古古吉拉特語"] = "inc-ogu",
["古古瓦拉語"] = "wrw",
["古吉拉特語"] = "gu",
["古哥特蘭語"] = "gmq-ogt",
["古回鶻語"] = "oui",
["古圖皮語"] = "tpw",
["古埃諾阿語"] = "sai-gue",
["古塔蒂語"] = "xme-ott",
["古奧克語"] = "pro",
["古奧里亞語"] = "inc-oor",
["古威爾士語"] = "owl",
["古孟加拉語"] = "inc-obn",
["古安納托利亞土耳其語"] = "trk-oat",
["古尼揚迪語"] = "gni",
["古巴手語"] = "csf",
["古巽他語"] = "osn",
["古希臘語"] = "grc",
["古帕-阿巴瓦語"] = "gpa",
["古帕普因古語"] = "guf",
["古弗里斯蘭語"] = "ofs",
["古愛爾蘭語"] = "sga",
["古拉尼語"] = "hac",
["古拉語"] = "gul",
["古捷克語"] = "zlw-ocs",
["古撒克遜語"] = "osx",
["古教會斯拉夫語"] = "cu",
["古斯洛伐克語"] = "zlw-osk",
["古斯萊語"] = "gsl",
["古旁遮普語"] = "inc-opa",
["古普魯士語"] = "prg",
["古杜語"] = "gdu",
["古東斯拉夫語"] = "orv",
["古林吉語"] = "gue",
["古法語"] = "fro",
["古波斯語"] = "peo",
["古波蘭語"] = "zlw-opl",
["古泰盧固語"] = "dra-ote",
["古爪哇語"] = "kaw",
["古爾凡語"] = "ghl",
["古爾拉瑪語"] = "las",
["古爾馬納語"] = "gvm",
["古瑞典語"] = "gmq-osw",
["古瓦姆語"] = "gwu",
["古瓦爾語"] = "aus-guw",
["古瓦語"] = "gwb",
["古當語"] = "xgd",
["古盧森尼亞語"] = "zle-ort",
["古科米語"] = "urj-koo",
["古突厥語"] = "otk",
["古立陶宛語"] = "olt",
["古羅語"] = "goa",
["古肯特手語"] = "okl",
["古英語"] = "ang",
["古荷蘭語"] = "odt",
["古萊昂語"] = "roa-ole",
["古萊語"] = "gvl",
["古葡萄牙語"] = "roa-opt",
["古薩波特克語"] = "xzp",
["古西語"] = "guz",
["古諾夫哥羅德語"] = "zle-ono",
["古諾爾斯語"] = "non",
["古賈里語"] = "gju",
["古邦馬來語"] = "mkn",
["古里巴克語"] = "kpc",
["古阿瓦德語"] = "inc-oaw",
["古阿瓦爾語"] = "oav",
["古阿薩姆語"] = "inc-oas",
["古阿語"] = "gwx",
["古馬其語"] = "gnn",
["古馬其頓語"] = "xmk",
["古馬瓦納語"] = "gvs",
["古馬茲語"] = "guk",
["古高地德語"] = "goh",
["古高棉語"] = "okz",
["古魯艾阿語"] = "kyr",
["可拉語"] = "kvv",
["可薩語"] = "zkz",
["台塔語"] = "dav",
["台山話"] = "zhx-tai",
["史瓦濟語"] = "ss",
["史興語"] = "sxg",
["各加拉格萊語"] = "roc",
["吉伯特語"] = "gil",
["吉兆話"] = "mis-jzh",
["吉利語"] = "mgi",
["吉圖亞語"] = "ggt",
["吉土巴語"] = "ktu",
["吉基奧德語"] = "acd",
["吉塔語"] = "jit",
["吉大港語"] = "ctg",
["吉巴語"] = "juo",
["吉布語"] = "jib",
["吉打馬來語"] = "meo",
["吉拉基語"] = "glk",
["吉拉瓦語"] = "bbr",
["吉杜語"] = "jii",
["吉林語"] = "jil",
["吉梅語"] = "kmp",
["吉爾吉斯語"] = "ky",
["吉瓦利語"] = "djl",
["吉米尼語"] = "dyi",
["吉納語"] = "jia",
["吉茲語"] = "gez",
["吉蘭丹峇峇"] = "mis-hkl",
["吉貝語"] = "jie",
["吉阿吉阿語"] = "cia",
["吉魯語"] = "jrr",
["吐火羅語A"] = "xto",
["吐火羅語B"] = "txb",
["吐谷渾語"] = "mis-tuh",
["吳語"] = "wuu",
["呂勒薩米語"] = "smj",
["呂基亞語"] = "xlc",
["呂底亞語"] = "xld",
["呼羅珊尼土耳其語"] = "kmz",
["和闐語"] = "kho",
["哈克語"] = "aek",
["哈利亞語"] = "hla",
["哈努諾語"] = "hnn",
["哈勒爾語"] = "har",
["哈卡斯語"] = "kjh",
["哈卡欽語"] = "cnh",
["哈塔姆語"] = "had",
["哈尼語"] = "hni",
["哈巴語"] = "hbb",
["哈布語"] = "hbu",
["哈德拉毛語"] = "xhd",
["哈扎語"] = "hts",
["哈拉佩德迪亞茲馬薩特克語"] = "maj",
["哈拉古雷語"] = "axx",
["哈拉吉語"] = "klj",
["哈拉楚語"] = "ane",
["哈朗語"] = "hal",
["哈桑語"] = "mey",
["哈梯語"] = "xht",
["哈武語"] = "hav",
["哈洪語"] = "hah",
["哈烏語"] = "hvn",
["哈爾彥維語"] = "bgc",
["哈爾札尼語"] = "hrz",
["哈爾比語"] = "hlb",
["哈爾蘇西語"] = "hss",
["哈爾魁梅林語"] = "hur",
["哈瓊語"] = "haj",
["哈科語"] = "hao",
["哈米尼干語"] = "ykh",
["哈米爾特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mxt",
["哈薩克語"] = "kk",
["哈迪亞語"] = "hdy",
["哈里詹金瑙里語"] = "kjo",
["哈雅語"] = "hay",
["哈韋克語"] = "hvk",
["哈馬普語"] = "hmu",
["哈馬爾-班納語"] = "amf",
["哈魯庫語"] = "hrk",
["哥倫打洛語"] = "gor",
["哥倫比亞-韋納奇語"] = "col",
["哥倫比亞手語"] = "csn",
["哥打巴托-馬諾博語"] = "mta",
["哥斯達黎加手語"] = "csr",
["哥特蘭語"] = "gmq-gut",
["哥特語"] = "got",
["哥里布安-蘇巴農語"] = "skn",
["哲語"] = "scb",
["唐庫爾-那加語"] = "nmf",
["唐汪話"] = "mis-tnw",
["唐科語"] = "tkx",
["唐薩語"] = "nst",
["唐阿姆語"] = "sit-tgm",
["唔奈語"] = "bwn",
["喀克其奎語"] = "cak",
["喀喇汗語"] = "xqa",
["喀多語"] = "cad",
["喀奇語"] = "kfr",
["喀爾巴阡羅姆語"] = "rmc",
["喀靈語"] = "klr",
["喀麥隆曼比拉語"] = "mcu",
["喀麥隆皮欽語"] = "wes",
["喜界語"] = "kzg",
["喬亞潘薩波特克語"] = "zpc",
["喬克托語"] = "cho",
["喬喬特克語"] = "coz",
["喬孔卡語"] = "cgk",
["喬沃克語"] = "cuv",
["喬爾蒂語"] = "caa",
["喬爾語"] = "ctu",
["嘉夏拉里語"] = "ktx",
["嘉安語"] = "bgi",
["嘉萊語"] = "jra",
["嘉西納瓦語"] = "cbs",
["嘎洛語"] = "grt",
["嘎爾語"] = "gex",
["嘎蘇話"] = "ykt",
["噶拉塘門巴語"] = "kkf",
["噶瑪蘭語"] = "ckv",
["四土話"] = "sit-sit",
["四川話"] = "zhx-sic",
["回輝語"] = "huq",
["因加語"] = "inb",
["因勞德伊特內格語"] = "iti",
["因吉班迪語"] = "yij",
["因哈旺卡語"] = "ywg",
["因德里語"] = "idr",
["因溫語"] = "yxm",
["因特語"] = "ia",
["因紐特手語"] = "iks",
["因紐特語"] = "iu",
["因紐納克通語"] = "esx-inq",
["因羅英語"] = "imr",
["國家山谷奇南特克語"] = "cvn",
["國王河約庫特語"] = "yok-kry",
["國際手語"] = "ils",
["國頭語"] = "xug",
["圖伍利語"] = "bov",
["圖古蒂爾語"] = "tuj",
["圖圖巴語"] = "tmi",
["圖圖特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mtu",
["圖圖特尼語"] = "tuu",
["圖基語"] = "bag",
["圖嫩語"] = "tvu",
["圖尼卡語"] = "tun",
["圖巴爾語"] = "tbu",
["圖布普南語"] = "puj",
["圖帕里語"] = "tpr",
["圖拉語"] = "tul",
["圖斯卡羅拉語"] = "tus",
["圖普里語"] = "tui",
["圖木舒克語"] = "xtq",
["圖根語"] = "tuy",
["圖法語"] = "kim",
["圖爾-卡威亞約庫特語"] = "yok-tky",
["圖爾克瓦姆語"] = "tdv",
["圖爾卡納語"] = "tuv",
["圖爾卡語"] = "tuz",
["圖爾德塔尼語"] = "mis-tdt",
["圖特洛語"] = "ofo",
["圖特盧語"] = "tta",
["圖瓦利伊富高語"] = "ifk",
["圖瓦盧語"] = "tvl",
["圖瓦語"] = "tyv",
["圖瓦里語"] = "tww",
["圖皮南巴語"] = "tpn",
["圖盧阿語"] = "aus-tul",
["圖穆隆錫薩拉語"] = "sil",
["圖羅尤語"] = "tru",
["圖阿雷格語"] = "tmh",
["圖陸語"] = "tcy",
["圖隆語"] = "tdh",
["圖馬-伊魯姆語"] = "iou",
["土僚語"] = "tyl",
["土庫德德語"] = "tkd",
["土庫曼語"] = "tk",
["土爾克語"] = "ili",
["土瓦語"] = "tvn",
["土耳其手語"] = "tsm",
["土耳其語"] = "tr",
["土語"] = "tou",
["土阿莫土語"] = "pmt",
["土隆語"] = "try",
["圪勒頗普佤語"] = "yhl",
["圭亞那克里奧爾語"] = "gcr",
["圭契語"] = "gwi",
["地峽米塞語"] = "mir",
["地峽薩波特克語"] = "zai",
["坎伯蘭語"] = "xcb",
["坎佯語"] = "ksu",
["坎剛語"] = "kgp",
["坎卡奈語"] = "kne",
["坎塔布里亞語"] = "roa-can",
["坎布拉瓦語"] = "zka",
["坎底語"] = "kht",
["坎托斯語"] = "xkt",
["坎拜拉語"] = "kyy",
["坎朱語"] = "kbe",
["坎紐昂那加語"] = "kix",
["坎貝勞語"] = "irx",
["坎貝拉語"] = "xbr",
["坎賈里語"] = "kft",
["坎達語"] = "kqw",
["坎陵語"] = "rab",
["坎霍瓦爾語"] = "kjb",
["坤扎語"] = "kuz",
["坦加勒語"] = "tan",
["坦博拉語"] = "xxt",
["坦吉吉里語"] = "uji",
["坦基語"] = "tax",
["坦昌雅語"] = "tnv",
["坦普溫語"] = "tpu",
["坦桑尼亞手語"] = "tza",
["坦貝語"] = "tqb",
["坦賀利姆語"] = "pah",
["坦迪阿語"] = "tni",
["坦達加農語"] = "tgn",
["埃佩納語"] = "sja",
["埃克佩耶語"] = "ekp",
["埃凱萊語"] = "khy",
["埃加語"] = "ega",
["埃勃拉語"] = "xeb",
["埃卡語"] = "aez",
["埃及手語"] = "esl",
["埃及語"] = "egy",
["埃及阿拉伯語"] = "arz",
["埃圖洛語"] = "utr",
["埃地語"] = "rad",
["埃塞俄比亞手語"] = "eth",
["埃塞埃賈語"] = "ese",
["埃塞語"] = "mcq",
["埃多洛語"] = "etr",
["埃多皮語"] = "dbf",
["埃多語"] = "bin",
["埃夫托普語"] = "ofu",
["埃布里語"] = "ebr",
["埃德拉奧尤語"] = "awy",
["埃拉瓦蘭語"] = "era",
["埃斯卡亞語"] = "esy",
["埃斯梅拉爾達語"] = "sai-esm",
["埃斯特哈爾迪語"] = "esh",
["埃斯特雷馬杜拉語"] = "ext",
["埃桂語"] = "xae",
["埃桑語"] = "ish",
["埃梅勒語"] = "ail",
["埃梅姆語"] = "enr",
["埃比拉語"] = "igb",
["埃法伊語"] = "efa",
["埃洛特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zte",
["埃爾夫達利安語"] = "ovd",
["埃爾比勒猶太新阿拉姆語"] = "aij",
["埃爾語"] = "aeq",
["埃爾齊亞語"] = "myv",
["埃特比語"] = "etb",
["埃立普語"] = "ekm",
["埃維語"] = "ee",
["埃羅伊語"] = "afo",
["埃羅夸納斯語"] = "erw",
["埃羅蘭語"] = "air",
["埃菲克語"] = "efi",
["埃菲語"] = "efe",
["埃萬特語"] = "bzz",
["埃蘇馬語"] = "esm",
["埃蘭語"] = "elx",
["埃貢語"] = "ego",
["埃辛比語"] = "ags",
["埃里泰語"] = "ert",
["埃雅克語"] = "eya",
["埃頓語 (喀麥隆)"] = "eto",
["埃頓語 (萬那杜)"] = "etn",
["埃馬埃語"] = "mmw",
["埃魯瓦語"] = "erh",
["培奧尼亞語"] = "ine-pae",
["基亞克語"] = "bka",
["基亞卡語"] = "kyc",
["基亞維庫薩斯薩波特克語"] = "zpj",
["基切語"] = "quc",
["基利瓦語"] = "klb",
["基勒語"] = "geb",
["基卡普語"] = "kic",
["基奇瓦語"] = "qwe-kch",
["基奧哥語"] = "ues",
["基奧基塔尼-基耶里薩波特克語"] = "ztq",
["基奧基特佩克奇南特克語"] = "chq",
["基奧瓦語"] = "kio",
["基姆語"] = "kia",
["基尼基瑙語"] = "gqn",
["基巴拉語"] = "blv",
["基希語"] = "kiz",
["基庫尤語"] = "ki",
["基斯語"] = "kis",
["基普特語"] = "kyi",
["基普福科莫語"] = "pkb",
["基普西吉語"] = "sgc",
["基杜魯馬語"] = "dug",
["基桑卡薩語"] = "kqh",
["基桑語"] = "xis",
["基比里語"] = "prm",
["基烏努姆語"] = "wei",
["基爾丁薩米語"] = "sjd",
["基爾梅里語"] = "kih",
["基爾菲語"] = "kks",
["基爾馬語"] = "cme",
["基瓦爾語"] = "kwx",
["基納拉克納語"] = "kco",
["基薩爾語"] = "kje",
["基那來阿語"] = "krj",
["基里亞-孔澤爾語"] = "fkk",
["基里克語"] = "okr",
["基里基里語"] = "kiy",
["基里維納語"] = "kij",
["基馬拉岡語"] = "kqr",
["基馬阿馬語"] = "kig",
["堂郎語"] = "ytl",
["堪薩語"] = "ksk",
["堯依語"] = "yoy",
["堯語"] = "yao",
["塔佩語"] = "afp",
["塔倫蒂諾語"] = "roa-tar",
["塔內馬語"] = "tnx",
["塔利亞布語"] = "tlv",
["塔利什語"] = "tly",
["塔利塞語"] = "tlr",
["塔加利語"] = "ras",
["塔加巴瓦語"] = "bgs",
["塔勞語"] = "tro",
["塔博語"] = "knv",
["塔卡利語"] = "ths",
["塔卡瓦米斯特克語"] = "xtt",
["塔卡納語"] = "tna",
["塔古拉語"] = "tgo",
["塔吉什語"] = "tgx",
["塔吉克語"] = "tg",
["塔吉克阿拉伯語"] = "abh",
["塔圖約語"] = "tav",
["塔埃語"] = "rob",
["塔基亞語"] = "tbc",
["塔基歐語"] = "tdj",
["塔塔爾特佩克查蒂諾語"] = "cta",
["塔夸內語"] = "tke",
["塔姆博塔洛語"] = "tls",
["塔巴斯科瓊塔爾語"] = "chf",
["塔巴斯科納瓦特爾語"] = "nhc",
["塔巴斯科索克語"] = "zoq",
["塔巴薩波特克語"] = "zat",
["塔巴薩蘭語"] = "tab",
["塔巴魯語"] = "tby",
["塔布拉語"] = "tnm",
["塔布瓦語"] = "tap",
["塔布里亞克語"] = "tzx",
["塔帕尤納語"] = "sai-tap",
["塔帕里塔語"] = "sai-tpr",
["塔庫烏語"] = "nho",
["塔弗雷希語"] = "xme-taf",
["塔戈伊語"] = "tag",
["塔戈爾語"] = "mvv",
["塔拉語"] = "tak",
["塔斯馬特語"] = "tmt",
["塔朱松語"] = "tja",
["塔查維特語"] = "shy",
["塔格巴努瓦語"] = "tbw",
["塔格布語"] = "tbm",
["塔比拉貝語"] = "taf",
["塔沃延語"] = "twy",
["塔洛迪語"] = "tlo",
["塔爾坦語"] = "tht",
["塔爾語"] = "tal",
["塔特語"] = "ttt",
["塔班卡萊語"] = "sai-tab",
["塔瓦拉語"] = "tbo",
["塔瓦薩語"] = "nai-taw",
["塔皮埃特語"] = "tpj",
["塔約語"] = "cks",
["塔納帕格語"] = "tpv",
["塔羅克語"] = "yer",
["塔羅薩語"] = "tzl",
["塔良語"] = "sai-tal",
["塔迪亞萬語"] = "tdy",
["塔達克沙哈克語"] = "dsq",
["塔里阿納語"] = "tae",
["塔韋塔語"] = "tvs",
["塔馬姆博語"] = "mla",
["塔馬納庫語"] = "tmz",
["塔馬索拉米斯特克語"] = "vmx",
["塞克佩勒語"] = "lip",
["塞克語"] = "skj",
["塞切爾特語"] = "sec",
["塞利里語"] = "sve",
["塞勒厄語"] = "snw",
["塞卡尼語"] = "sek",
["塞卡潘語"] = "skp",
["塞卡爾語"] = "skz",
["塞基語"] = "syi",
["塞塔曼語"] = "stm",
["塞塔語"] = "stf",
["塞多阿語"] = "tvw",
["塞巴特貝特語"] = "sgw",
["塞布堯語"] = "snb",
["塞拉亞語"] = "sly",
["塞拉利昂克里奧爾語"] = "kri",
["塞拉利昂手語"] = "sgx",
["塞拉諾語"] = "ser",
["塞拉魯語"] = "slu",
["塞提語"] = "sbi",
["塞文奧吉布瓦語"] = "ojs",
["塞曼當語"] = "sdm",
["塞格特語"] = "sbg",
["塞楚拉語"] = "sai-sec",
["塞波普語"] = "sib",
["塞浦路斯阿拉伯語"] = "acy",
["塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語"] = "sh",
["塞皮克伊瓦姆語"] = "iws",
["塞皮克馬里語"] = "mbx",
["塞科雅語"] = "sey",
["塞納亞語"] = "syn",
["塞索托語"] = "st",
["塞美來語"] = "sza",
["塞舌爾克里奧爾語"] = "crs",
["塞萊佩特語"] = "spl",
["塞訥卡語"] = "see",
["塞貝魯昂語"] = "sbx",
["塞邁語"] = "sea",
["塞雷爾語"] = "srr",
["塞雷語"] = "swf",
["塞馬特語"] = "ssg",
["塞魯亞語"] = "srw",
["塞魯瓦散語"] = "sws",
["塞魯語"] = "szd",
["墨幾語"] = "ymi",
["墨西哥州奧托米語"] = "ots",
["墨西哥手語"] = "mfs",
["壯語"] = "za",
["夏克里亞巴語"] = "xkr",
["夏凡提語"] = "xav",
["夏威夷克里奧爾語"] = "hwc",
["夏威夷皮欽手語"] = "hps",
["夏威夷語"] = "haw",
["夏延語"] = "chy",
["夏爾巴語"] = "xsr",
["外恩比語"] = "oym",
["多亞約語"] = "dow",
["多卡語"] = "dbi",
["多埃語"] = "doe",
["多多利語"] = "txe",
["多姆語"] = "dof",
["多巴哥克里奧爾英語"] = "tgh",
["多布語"] = "dob",
["多拉斯克語"] = "cba-dor",
["多斯拉克語"] = "art-dtk",
["多明尼加手語"] = "doq",
["多格拉語"] = "doi",
["多格里布語"] = "dgr",
["多樂基語"] = "lbw",
["多法爾阿拉伯語"] = "adf",
["多波伊尤語"] = "toy",
["多泰語"] = "tds",
["多爾干語"] = "dlg",
["多爾澤語"] = "doz",
["多索語"] = "dol",
["多續語"] = "sit-tos",
["多蒙語"] = "dev",
["多貝爾語"] = "kvo",
["多迪亞語"] = "dho",
["多里格語"] = "wwo",
["多馬基語"] = "dmk",
["多馬迪諾語"] = "tdi",
["夜叉語"] = "luu",
["大努丹卡林阿語"] = "kml",
["大武壠語"] = "tvx",
["大溪地語"] = "ty",
["大田話"] = "nan-dat",
["大科摩羅語"] = "zdj",
["大納姆巴斯語"] = "nmb",
["大聖米蓋爾米斯特克語"] = "mig",
["大龍駱語'"] = "tln",
["太魯閣語"] = "map-trv",
["夫卡語"] = "phh",
["夸保語"] = "qua",
["夸克瓦拉語"] = "kwk",
["夸姆廷-奧內語"] = "okk",
["夸扎語"] = "wka",
["夸拉阿埃語"] = "kwf",
["夸爾希奧誇-克拉茨卡尼語"] = "qwt",
["夸瑪語"] = "xom",
["夸萊語"] = "ksj",
["夸西奧語"] = "nmg",
["夸馬語"] = "kmq",
["奇力語"] = "tuw-kli",
["奇加語"] = "cgg",
["奇努克語"] = "chh",
["奇卡米語"] = "kcu",
["奇卡索語"] = "cic",
["奇卡華特拉特里基語"] = "trs",
["奇危特蘭馬薩特克語"] = "maq",
["奇奇卡潘薩波特克語"] = "zpv",
["奇奇梅克-喬納斯語"] = "pei",
["奇姆威尼語"] = "bnt-cmw",
["奇布查語"] = "chb",
["奇帕亞語"] = "cap",
["奇格梅卡蒂特蘭米斯特克語"] = "mii",
["奇爾特佩克奇南特克語"] = "csa",
["奇爾科廷語"] = "clc",
["奇特庫利金瑙里語"] = "cik",
["奇特旺塔魯語"] = "the",
["奇科穆塞爾特克語"] = "cob",
["奇納里語"] = "cih",
["奇納魯格語"] = "kjj",
["奇維雷語"] = "iow",
["奇蒂馬查語"] = "ctm",
["奇里卡瓦語"] = "apm",
["奇里帕語"] = "nhd",
["奇里幼語"] = "tri",
["奇里諾語"] = "sai-chi",
["奇馬內語"] = "cas",
["奇馬拉帕索克語"] = "zoh",
["奈恩加圖語"] = "yrl",
["奎固語"] = "xwg",
["奎尼語"] = "gww",
["奎巴語"] = "cui",
["奎斯滕語"] = "kwt",
["奎爾巴語"] = "kwe",
["奎特莫語"] = "sai-qtm",
["奎納特語"] = "qun",
["奎雷語"] = "cwe",
["奎魯特語"] = "qui",
["契丹語"] = "zkt",
["契努克語"] = "chn",
["契帕瓦語"] = "chp",
["奧亨語"] = "pni",
["奧克佩拉語"] = "atg",
["奧克語"] = "oc",
["奧凱克語"] = "oki",
["奧凱納語"] = "oca",
["奧利亞語"] = "or",
["奧博奎泰語"] = "afz",
["奧博羅語"] = "ann",
["奧古語"] = "guw",
["奧吉布瓦語"] = "oj",
["奧吉拉語"] = "auj",
["奧圖大能語"] = "otd",
["奧圖烏語"] = "kmn",
["奧地利手語"] = "asq",
["奧坎語"] = "djk",
["奧塞梯語"] = "os",
["奧姆拉諾語"] = "omu",
["奧布洛姆語"] = "obu",
["奧布洛語"] = "obl",
["奧希特蘭奇南特克語"] = "chj",
["奧庫語"] = "oku",
["奧德語"] = "odk",
["奧托馬科語"] = "sai-oto",
["奧拉塔語"] = "oia",
["奧拉昂薩達里語"] = "sdr",
["奧斯坎語"] = "osc",
["奧斯特拉語"] = "aut",
["奧星語"] = "osi",
["奧朗勞特語"] = "urk",
["奧杜阿勒語"] = "odu",
["奧格布羅怒貢語"] = "ogu",
["奧梅特佩克納瓦特爾語"] = "nht",
["奧比斯佩諾語"] = "obi",
["奧沙格語"] = "osa",
["奧爾拉特語"] = "olr",
["奧爾穆語"] = "orz",
["奧爾穆里語"] = "oru",
["奧爾良語"] = "roa-orl",
["奧班利庫語"] = "bzy",
["奧盧亞語"] = "aul",
["奧盧庫米語"] = "ulb",
["奧科-埃尼-奧薩因語"] = "oks",
["奧科-朱瓦伊語"] = "okj",
["奧科特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mie",
["奧科特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zac",
["奧米語"] = "aom",
["奧索洛特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zao",
["奧索索語"] = "oso",
["奧維納語"] = "wsr",
["奧羅-溫語"] = "orw",
["奧羅凱瓦語"] = "okv",
["奧羅奇語"] = "oac",
["奧羅科語"] = "bdu",
["奧羅莫語"] = "om",
["奧羅語"] = "orx",
["奧羅韋語"] = "bpk",
["奧義語"] = "awn",
["奧耶語"] = "auu",
["奧莫克語"] = "omk",
["奧萊語"] = "ole",
["奧蓋阿語"] = "eri",
["奧薩馬伊語"] = "syx",
["奧蘇馬辛奇南特克語"] = "chz",
["奧諾巴蘇魯語"] = "onn",
["奧赫拉瓦語"] = "kud",
["奧農達加語"] = "ono",
["奧里薩巴納瓦特爾語"] = "nlv",
["奧馬哈-龐卡語"] = "oma",
["奧馬瓜語"] = "omg",
["奧魯塔波波魯卡語"] = "plo",
["女真語"] = "juc",
["姆伐尼普語"] = "mcj",
["姆博伊語"] = "moi",
["姆博多莫語"] = "gmm",
["姆博斯語"] = "mdw",
["姆博韋語"] = "mxo",
["姆宛語"] = "moa",
["姆巴巴拉姆語"] = "vmb",
["姆巴托語"] = "gwa",
["姆巴拉語"] = "mdp",
["姆巴拉語(乍得)"] = "mpk",
["姆巴拉語(澳洲)"] = "mvl",
["姆巴蘭胡語"] = "lnb",
["姆巴語"] = "mfc",
["姆巴里曼-古丁馬語"] = "zmv",
["姆布倫吉斯語"] = "mbv",
["姆布古語"] = "mhd",
["姆布圭語"] = "mgz",
["姆布姆語"] = "mdd",
["姆布庫舒語"] = "mhw",
["姆布拉語"] = "mna",
["姆布杜姆語"] = "xmd",
["姆布溫語"] = "zmp",
["姆布爾庫語"] = "bbt",
["姆布科語"] = "mqb",
["姆布萊語"] = "mlb",
["姆布語"] = "muc",
["姆布韋拉語"] = "mfu",
["姆帕利詹語"] = "xpj",
["姆帕德語"] = "mpi",
["姆平達語"] = "pnd",
["姆彭彭語"] = "mgg",
["姆拉布里語"] = "mra",
["姆拉普語"] = "kja",
["姆拜語"] = "myb",
["姆普爾語"] = "akc",
["姆本達語"] = "mck",
["姆武巴語"] = "mxh",
["姆比亞瓜拉尼語"] = "gun",
["姆波托沃羅語"] = "mvt",
["姆波托語"] = "mpa",
["姆班加拉語"] = "mxg",
["姆班杜語"] = "umb",
["姆瓦尼語"] = "wmw",
["姆瓦格烏爾語"] = "sur",
["姆瓦特布語"] = "mwa",
["姆畢語"] = "mpz",
["姆皮莫語"] = "mcx",
["姆維拉語"] = "mwe",
["姆耶內語"] = "mye",
["姆菲努語"] = "zmf",
["姆豐特語"] = "nfu",
["姆貝利梅語"] = "mql",
["姆貝勒語"] = "mdt",
["姆貝厄語"] = "mtk",
["姆貝薩語"] = "zms",
["姆貝語"] = "mfo",
["姆邦加語"] = "mgy",
["姆邦吉語"] = "mgn",
["姆邦韋語"] = "zmn",
["姆門語"] = "bfm",
["姆阿凱語"] = "mgt",
["姆馬尼語"] = "buy",
["姆魯語"] = "mro",
["委內瑞拉手語"] = "vsl",
["委拉帕語"] = "wlr",
["威奇塔語"] = "wic",
["威尼托語"] = "xve",
["威尼斯語"] = "vec",
["威拉祖利語"] = "wrh",
["威爾士羅姆語"] = "rmw",
["威爾士語"] = "cy",
["威羅語"] = "wpc",
["威阿如姆斯語"] = "tua",
["威阿齊語"] = "wii",
["嫩語"] = "nqn",
["孔卡尼語"] = "kok",
["孔喬語"] = "kjc",
["孔塔里語"] = "kwo",
["孔尼語"] = "kma",
["孔巴語"] = "kpf",
["孔帕內語"] = "kvp",
["孔延達雷特語"] = "kzv",
["孔扎里語"] = "zum",
["孔格爾杜蒂語"] = "gdt",
["孔比奧語"] = "xbi",
["孔語"] = "kvi",
["孔達-多拉語"] = "kfc",
["孔達語"] = "knd",
["孔雅克-那加語"] = "nbe",
["孟加拉語"] = "bn",
["孟德語"] = "mnd",
["孟語"] = "mnw",
["安伊語"] = "any",
["安加塔哈語"] = "agm",
["安加爾語"] = "age",
["安加米語"] = "njm",
["安卡維語"] = "aak",
["安卡語"] = "acb",
["安古斯圖拉烏瓦語"] = "tnd",
["安古蒂姆里語"] = "awg",
["安哥拉克里奧爾語"] = "aoa",
["安哥拉姆語"] = "aog",
["安地列斯克里奧爾語"] = "gcf",
["安塔卡林亞語"] = "ant",
["安塞爾馬語"] = "ans",
["安多亞語"] = "anb",
["安多克語"] = "ano",
["安寶語"] = "amb",
["安巴基齊語"] = "aew",
["安巴拉埃塔語"] = "abc",
["安布拉克語"] = "aag",
["安布拉斯語"] = "abt",
["安布隆語"] = "alm",
["安帕南語"] = "apg",
["安帕里-多貢語"] = "aqd",
["安德拉-胡斯語"] = "anx",
["安德格雷賓哈語"] = "adg",
["安德赫語"] = "anr",
["安息語"] = "xpr",
["安戈爾語"] = "agg",
["安托語"] = "amt",
["安拜語"] = "aic",
["安提瓜和巴布達克里奧爾英語"] = "aig",
["安汶馬來語"] = "abs",
["安當語"] = "amj",
["安茹語"] = "roa-ang",
["安蘇斯語"] = "and",
["安諾本語"] = "fab",
["安貝勞語"] = "amv",
["安貝萊語"] = "ael",
["安賈姆語"] = "boj",
["安迪語"] = "ani",
["安達基語"] = "ana",
["安達曼克里奧爾印地語"] = "hca",
["安達盧斯阿拉伯語"] = "xaa",
["安達魯姆語"] = "aod",
["宋傣語"] = "soa",
["宏語"] = "nmn",
["宗喀語"] = "dz",
["宗本語"] = "jmb",
["官話"] = "cmn",
["客家語"] = "hak",
["宮古語"] = "mvi",
["宮酉語"] = "koo",
["宿霧語"] = "ceb",
["密克馬克語"] = "mic",
["密卡蘇奇語"] = "mik",
["密察語"] = "yiq",
["密尼安語"] = "inm",
["密細亞語"] = "yms",
["富利盧語"] = "flr",
["富匝語"] = "ypz",
["富圖納-阿尼瓦語"] = "fut",
["富圖納語"] = "fud",
["富多語"] = "fod",
["富尤格語"] = "fuy",
["富巴語"] = "ypp",
["富帕語"] = "yph",
["富拉語"] = "ff",
["富爾語"] = "fvr",
["富特語"] = "bfd",
["富馬語"] = "ypm",
["富魯語"] = "fuu",
["寒溪語"] = "ycr",
["察合臺語"] = "chg",
["寧吉爾語"] = "niz",
["寬亞瑪語"] = "kj",
["寬卡語"] = "bij",
["寬話"] = "xnh",
["寬語"] = "uan",
["寬賈語"] = "knp",
["小花苗語"] = "sfm",
["尚加語"] = "sho",
["尚巴拉語"] = "ksb",
["尤克帕語"] = "yup",
["尤克斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語"] = "vmc",
["尤加德語"] = "yog",
["尤卡坦瑪雅語"] = "yua",
["尤古爾語"] = "ygu",
["尤坦杜奇米斯特克語"] = "mab",
["尤基語"] = "yuk",
["尤夸涅米斯特克語"] = "mvg",
["尤奇語"] = "yuc",
["尤尤語"] = "yxu",
["尤庫納語"] = "ycn",
["尤拉卡雷語"] = "yuz",
["尤斯拉奇南特克語"] = "cuc",
["尤普納語"] = "yut",
["尤普阿語"] = "sai-yup",
["尤格語"] = "yug",
["尤比克語"] = "uby",
["尤特語"] = "ute",
["尤甘巴爾語"] = "yub",
["尤皮爾特佩克語"] = "nai-yup",
["尤盧語"] = "yul",
["尤羅克語"] = "yur",
["尤胡普語"] = "yab",
["尤里語"] = "sai-yri",
["尤馬語"] = "yum",
["尤魯曼圭語"] = "sai-yur",
["尤魯語"] = "ljx",
["尼亞圖魯語"] = "rim",
["尼亞布瓦語"] = "nwb",
["尼亞帕里語"] = "xny",
["尼亞庫薩語"] = "nyy",
["尼亞斯語"] = "nia",
["尼亞普拉克里特語"] = "pra-niy",
["尼亞馬爾語"] = "nly",
["尼加拉瓜克里奧爾語"] = "bzk",
["尼加拉瓜手語"] = "ncs",
["尼哈利語"] = "nll",
["尼夫赫語"] = "niv",
["尼奧-楠榜語"] = "abl",
["尼奧勒語 (烏干達)"] = "nuj",
["尼奧勒語 (肯尼亞)"] = "nyd",
["尼奧羅語"] = "nyo",
["尼尼亞亞利語"] = "nlk",
["尼延戈語"] = "nye",
["尼德魯語"] = "lid",
["尼拉語"] = "nil",
["尼揚加語"] = "nys",
["尼揚博語"] = "now",
["尼揚科萊語"] = "nyn",
["尼揚萬加語"] = "mwn",
["尼揚韋齊語"] = "nym",
["尼斯加亞語"] = "ncg",
["尼斯語"] = "yso",
["尼日利亞手語"] = "nsi",
["尼日利亞曼比拉語"] = "mzk",
["尼日利亞皮欽語"] = "pcm",
["尼曼布爾語"] = "nmp",
["尼泊爾手語"] = "nsp",
["尼泊爾語"] = "ne",
["尼瓦克萊語"] = "cag",
["尼瓦爾語"] = "new",
["尼科拉語"] = "ath-nic",
["尼科雷尼奧語"] = "azc-nic",
["尼米語"] = "nis",
["尼納姆語"] = "shb",
["尼茲馬語"] = "nzi",
["尼莫語"] = "niw",
["尼薩語"] = "njs",
["尼蘭巴語"] = "nim",
["尼西語"] = "njz",
["尼馬迪語"] = "noe",
["山地語"] = "shv",
["山蘇語"] = "hle",
["岡德哈語"] = "vko",
["岡德語"] = "gon",
["岡比瓦語"] = "xbw",
["岡比那瓦語"] = "xpn",
["岡特語"] = "gnb",
["岱依語"] = "tyz",
["岱康語"] = "tnu",
["峇峇娘惹印尼語"] = "pea",
["峇峇馬來語"] = "mbf",
["峇里馬來語"] = "mhp",
["峨努語"] = "enu",
["峨頗語"] = "ygp",
["峨馬布央語"] = "yzg",
["島嶼克里奧爾英語"] = "icr",
["崀峨語"] = "yne",
["崩如語"] = "sit-ban",
["川黔滇苗語"] = "cqd",
["左江壯語"] = "zzj",
["左迪那語"] = "add",
["巴-標普南語"] = "pna",
["巴丹埃塔語"] = "ayt",
["巴丹奇語"] = "bau",
["巴亞利語"] = "bjy",
["巴什基爾語"] = "ba",
["巴伊索語"] = "bsw",
["巴伐利亞語"] = "bar",
["巴傑蘭語"] = "bjm",
["巴克利維爾格雷博語"] = "gry",
["巴克平卡語"] = "bbs",
["巴克特里亞語"] = "xbc",
["巴凡吉語"] = "bfj",
["巴凱里語"] = "bkq",
["巴利語"] = "pi",
["巴加西特穆語"] = "bsp",
["巴勒桑語"] = "bls",
["巴勞語"] = "blg",
["巴博萊語"] = "bvx",
["巴占馬來語"] = "btj",
["巴卡卡語"] = "bqz",
["巴卡提語"] = "bei",
["巴卡語"] = "bkc",
["巴厘語"] = "ban",
["巴古皮語"] = "bpi",
["巴古薩語"] = "bqb",
["巴吉爾米語"] = "bmi",
["巴哈姆語"] = "bdw",
["巴哈語"] = "yha",
["巴哈馬克里奧爾語"] = "bah",
["巴哼語"] = "pha",
["巴圖伊語"] = "zbt",
["巴圖普南語"] = "pnm",
["巴圖萊語"] = "bay",
["巴圖語"] = "btu",
["巴埃古語"] = "bvd",
["巴基斯坦手語"] = "pks",
["巴塔德伊富高語"] = "ifb",
["巴塔語"] = "bta",
["巴姆穆語"] = "bax",
["巴姆語"] = "bmc",
["巴安語"] = "bvj",
["巴宰語"] = "pzh",
["巴尤諾語"] = "byl",
["巴尼瓦語"] = "bwi",
["巴尼馬語"] = "pnw",
["巴巴塔納語"] = "baa",
["巴巴語"] = "bbw",
["巴布亞紐幾內亞手語"] = "pgz",
["巴布亞馬來語"] = "pmy",
["巴布薩語"] = "bzg",
["巴庫語"] = "xkl",
["巴庫隆語"] = "bbu",
["巴德拉瓦希語"] = "bhd",
["巴德斯語"] = "bdz",
["巴德語"] = "bde",
["巴打語"] = "bhz",
["巴拉凱語"] = "baj",
["巴拉南語"] = "prf",
["巴拉圭手語"] = "pys",
["巴拉圭瓜拉尼語"] = "gug",
["巴拉姆語"] = "brd",
["巴拉帕西語"] = "brp",
["巴拉望巴塔克語"] = "bya",
["巴拉穆語"] = "bmz",
["巴拉薩那語"] = "bsn",
["巴拉語"] = "bao",
["巴拉那語"] = "kre",
["巴拉馬語"] = "bbg",
["巴拿語"] = "bdq",
["巴拿馬手語"] = "lsp",
["巴搭摩納語"] = "pbc",
["巴斯克-冰島皮欽語"] = "crp-bip",
["巴斯克羅姆語"] = "emx",
["巴斯克語"] = "eu",
["巴斯卡爾迪語"] = "bsg",
["巴昆拜語"] = "bkr",
["巴本戈語"] = "bav",
["巴杜伊語"] = "bac",
["巴杜比語"] = "hlt",
["巴林阿拉伯語"] = "abv",
["巴格瓦拉爾語"] = "kva",
["巴格里語"] = "bfy",
["巴梯亞里語"] = "bht",
["巴永古語"] = "bxj",
["巴洛伊語"] = "biz",
["巴洛語"] = "bqo",
["巴洪率語"] = "bsu",
["巴烏萊語"] = "bci",
["巴烏馬利語"] = "pad",
["巴爾加姆語"] = "mlp",
["巴爾幹加告茲土耳其語"] = "bgx",
["巴爾幹羅姆語"] = "rmn",
["巴爾恩加爾拉語"] = "bjb",
["巴爾扎尼猶太阿拉姆語"] = "bjf",
["巴爾蒂語"] = "bft",
["巴爾迪語"] = "bcj",
["巴爾韋語"] = "bwg",
["巴特克語"] = "btq",
["巴特里語"] = "btv",
["巴琉語"] = "ply",
["巴盧安-帕姆語"] = "blq",
["巴福語"] = "bwt",
["巴科科語"] = "bkh",
["巴穆昆比特語"] = "bqt",
["巴穆語"] = "bcf",
["巴約特語"] = "bda",
["巴納羅語"] = "byz",
["巴羅內格羅烏瓦語"] = "tbn",
["巴羅角語"] = "bpt",
["巴茨語"] = "bbl",
["巴菲亞語"] = "ksf",
["巴萊語"] = "bhx",
["巴蒂語 (印尼)"] = "bvt",
["巴蒂語 (喀麥隆)"] = "btc",
["巴蒙卡語"] = "bvm",
["巴薩普語"] = "bdb",
["巴薩語"] = "bas",
["巴蘭加央語"] = "kys",
["巴蘭塔語"] = "blz",
["巴蘭布語"] = "brm",
["巴蘭高語"] = "blw",
["巴西利卡塔高盧-意大利語"] = "roa-gib",
["巴西手語"] = "bzs",
["巴詹語"] = "bjs",
["巴諾尼語"] = "bcm",
["巴豪語"] = "bhv",
["巴賴語"] = "bbb",
["巴賽語"] = "byq",
["巴赫蒂亞里語"] = "bqi",
["巴迪馬亞語"] = "bia",
["巴達加語"] = "bfq",
["巴那宣語"] = "psn",
["巴邦基語"] = "bbk",
["巴都艾語"] = "pdo",
["巴里吉語"] = "bjc",
["巴里坎奇語"] = "bxo",
["巴里庫爾語"] = "plu",
["巴里艾語"] = "bch",
["巴里語"] = "bfa",
["巴阿甘吉語"] = "drl",
["巴阿語"] = "kwb",
["巴雅語"] = "bhe",
["巴雷因語"] = "bva",
["巴雷語"] = "bae",
["巴饒克語"] = "prk",
["巴馬里語"] = "bbq",
["巴魯加語"] = "bjz",
["巴麗語"] = "bcp",
["巴齊加爾語"] = "bfr",
["巽他語"] = "su",
["布依語"] = "pcc",
["布克蘇語"] = "bxk",
["布列塔尼語"] = "br",
["布努語"] = "bwx",
["布匿語"] = "xpu",
["布南語"] = "bfu",
["布卡-三東-比達友語"] = "sdo",
["布卡特語"] = "bvk",
["布卡瓦語"] = "buk",
["布吉語"] = "bug",
["布圖阿農語"] = "btw",
["布基伊普語"] = "ape",
["布基坦語"] = "bkn",
["布基語"] = "bkd",
["布姆唐語"] = "kjz",
["布姆語"] = "bmv",
["布威西語"] = "bwz",
["布尤語"] = "byi",
["布希德語"] = "bku",
["布希農比科爾語"] = "ubl",
["布德斯丁語"] = "stt",
["布恩德里語"] = "bns",
["布恩語"] = "bnl",
["布懷多卡語"] = "bwd",
["布戈圖語"] = "bgt",
["布扎語"] = "bja",
["布拉克語"] = "bys",
["布拉加爾語"] = "beu",
["布拉加特語"] = "aof",
["布拉卡語"] = "bkg",
["布拉布蘭加語"] = "blp",
["布拉拉語"] = "bvr",
["布拉灰語"] = "brh",
["布拉菲語"] = "bfh",
["布拉語"] = "bwr",
["布拉馬邦語"] = "mde",
["布撒語"] = "bqp",
["布朗語"] = "blr",
["布杜語"] = "buu",
["布杜馬語"] = "bdm",
["布格勒熱語"] = "sab",
["布桑加央語"] = "bfg",
["布比亞語"] = "bbx",
["布比語"] = "buw",
["布沙語"] = "bup",
["布爾吉語"] = "bji",
["布爾杜納語"] = "bxn",
["布爾梅索語"] = "bzu",
["布特布特卡林阿語"] = "kyb",
["布瓦圖語"] = "bwa",
["布瓦拉語"] = "bnt-bwa",
["布瓦爾語"] = "bhs",
["布瓦語"] = "bww",
["布納克語"] = "bfn",
["布納巴語"] = "bck",
["布納馬語"] = "bdd",
["布索語"] = "bso",
["布羅克帕克語"] = "sgt",
["布羅克斯卡特語"] = "bkk",
["布羅卡特語"] = "bro",
["布羅斯丁語"] = "sti",
["布胡圖語"] = "bxh",
["布興語"] = "bgk",
["布芒語"] = "bvp",
["布萊語"] = "bra",
["布薩姆語"] = "bxs",
["布薩米語"] = "bsm",
["布薩語"] = "dox",
["布蘇烏語"] = "bju",
["布語"] = "jid",
["布貝語"] = "bvb",
["布貢語"] = "bgg",
["布農語"] = "bnn",
["布迪布德語"] = "btp",
["布那語"] = "bvn",
["布都赫語"] = "bdk",
["布里亞特語"] = "bua",
["布里布里語"] = "bzd",
["布阿穆語"] = "box",
["布阿語"] = "bub",
["布隆岸語"] = "blj",
["布雷姆語"] = "buq",
["布雷德昂語"] = "pce",
["布雷語"] = "bvh",
["布雷里語"] = "brq",
["布韋卡倫語"] = "bwe",
["布韋拉語"] = "bwl",
["布馬吉語"] = "byp",
["布魯克波因特巴拉望語"] = "plw",
["布魯夏斯基語"] = "bsk",
["布魯姆採珠船皮欽語"] = "bpl",
["布魯威語"] = "asi",
["布魯蘇語"] = "bqr",
["布魯語 (印尼)"] = "mhs",
["布魯語 (喀麥隆)"] = "bum",
["布魯語 (新幾內亞)"] = "bjl",
["布魯馬科語"] = "aip",
["布龍吉語"] = "bds",
["布龍語"] = "bdi",
["希亞語"] = "hya",
["希伯來語"] = "he",
["希利蓋農語"] = "hil",
["希努赫語"] = "gin",
["希卡克語"] = "jic",
["希卡利亞納語"] = "hix",
["希卡里亞語"] = "apj",
["希圖語"] = "htu",
["希拉希拉語"] = "sai-jrj",
["希朱克語"] = "hij",
["希瓦伊語"] = "shw",
["希皮博-科尼博語"] = "shp",
["希納語"] = "scl",
["希臘手語"] = "gss",
["希臘語"] = "el",
["希赫阿拉伯語"] = "ssh",
["希達摩語"] = "sid",
["希達沙語"] = "hid",
["希里摩圖語"] = "ho",
["希里阿納語"] = "xir",
["希雅姆語"] = "jab",
["希高農語"] = "mba",
["帕伊帕伊語"] = "ppi",
["帕倫奎羅語"] = "pln",
["帕克-湯語"] = "pkg",
["帕克傣語"] = "phk",
["帕勞哈諾語"] = "pbg",
["帕勞語"] = "pau",
["帕卡里科里語"] = "kvx",
["帕古語"] = "pgu",
["帕吉語"] = "pgi",
["帕吉貝特語"] = "pae",
["帕哈潘納瓦特爾語"] = "nhp",
["帕哈里-波特瓦里語"] = "phr",
["帕坎哈語"] = "pkn",
["帕埃利尼語"] = "pgn",
["帕塔尼語"] = "ptn",
["帕塔普語"] = "ptq",
["帕塔索語"] = "pth",
["帕姆利科語"] = "pmk",
["帕姆普羅納-阿塔語"] = "att",
["帕姆語"] = "pmn",
["帕尼亞語"] = "pcg",
["帕尼姆語"] = "pnr",
["帕希語"] = "lgt",
["帕帕塞納語"] = "pas",
["帕帕帕納語"] = "ppn",
["帕帕爾語"] = "dpp",
["帕庫語"] = "pku",
["帕德溫語"] = "pwi",
["帕戈語"] = "pac",
["帕拉南阿埃塔語"] = "apf",
["帕拉卡-塞努富語"] = "plr",
["帕拉卡納語"] = "pak",
["帕拉奇語"] = "prc",
["帕拉文語"] = "prw",
["帕拉納加語"] = "pzn",
["帕拉納瓦特語"] = "paf",
["帕拉語"] = "ypa",
["帕拉阿拉拉語"] = "aap",
["帕斯谷亞利語"] = "yac",
["帕波瑪語"] = "ppm",
["帕潘特拉托托納克語"] = "top",
["帕爾語"] = "abw",
["帕爾雅巴雷里語"] = "bpx",
["帕爾雅語"] = "paq",
["帕特帕塔爾語"] = "gfk",
["帕特普語"] = "ptp",
["帕瓦亞語"] = "pwa",
["帕皮阿門托語"] = "pap",
["帕盧厄語"] = "ple",
["帕盧安語"] = "plz",
["帕盧拉語"] = "phl",
["帕納明特語"] = "par",
["帕納瓦語"] = "pwb",
["帕納語 (中非)"] = "pnz",
["帕納語 (西非)"] = "pnq",
["帕納雷語"] = "pbh",
["帕胡納爾-阿舍寧卡語"] = "cjo",
["帕莫納語"] = "pmf",
["帕莫蘇語"] = "hih",
["帕萊尼語"] = "pnl",
["帕薩勒語"] = "sig",
["帕蘭特拉奇南特克語"] = "cpa",
["帕蘭甘米達恩語"] = "pmd",
["帕西語"] = "psq",
["帕語"] = "pai",
["帕諾沃語"] = "pno",
["帕那語"] = "phq",
["帕里揚語"] = "pcf",
["帕阿語"] = "pqa",
["帕雷西語"] = "pab",
["帕雷語"] = "asa",
["帕馬語"] = "pma",
["帝力德頓語"] = "tdt",
["帝汶皮欽語"] = "tvy",
["席那夏語"] = "bwo",
["平原克里語"] = "crk",
["平原印第安手語"] = "psd",
["平原米沃克語"] = "pmw",
["平原阿帕契語"] = "apk",
["平吉語"] = "pic",
["平因語"] = "pny",
["平布韋語"] = "piw",
["平格拉普語"] = "pif",
["幾內亞克培列語"] = "gkp",
["幾內亞手語"] = "gus",
["幾內亞比紹克里奧爾語"] = "pov",
["幾熱爾語"] = "jul",
["庫亞梅卡爾科米斯特克語"] = "xtu",
["庫亞語"] = "kyf",
["庫伊桑賈格敘利亞語"] = "kqd",
["庫伊語 (印尼)"] = "kvd",
["庫伊語 (印度)"] = "kxu",
["庫伯語"] = "jko",
["庫佩諾語"] = "cup",
["庫克納語"] = "kex",
["庫克語"] = "kfn",
["庫凱萊語"] = "kez",
["庫利納語"] = "xpk",
["庫卡吉語"] = "kux",
["庫圖爾米語"] = "khj",
["庫圖語"] = "kdc",
["庫坦特語"] = "xut",
["庫堂加勒語"] = "ght",
["庫姆語"] = "kmw",
["庫尼語"] = "kse",
["庫尼邁帕語"] = "kup",
["庫巴蘭語"] = "wkb",
["庫布語"] = "kvb",
["庫庫-亞烏語"] = "kuy",
["庫庫-亞蘭吉語"] = "gvn",
["庫庫-穆因語"] = "xmp",
["庫庫-穆敏赫語"] = "xmh",
["庫庫-芒克語"] = "xmq",
["庫德馬里語"] = "kyw",
["庫拉馬語"] = "vku",
["庫斯特瑙語"] = "awd-kus",
["庫曼語"] = "kue",
["庫松達語"] = "kgg",
["庫梅亞艾語"] = "nai-kum",
["庫梅克語"] = "kum",
["庫歐語"] = "xuo",
["庫比語"] = "kof",
["庫爾奈語"] = "unn",
["庫爾托普語"] = "xkz",
["庫爾提語"] = "ktm",
["庫爾特賈爾語"] = "gdj",
["庫爾穆卡爾語"] = "kfv",
["庫爾蘭語"] = "xcu",
["庫特奈語"] = "kut",
["庫特語"] = "kto",
["庫瓦勒語"] = "olu",
["庫瓦尼語"] = "paa-kwn",
["庫瓦語"] = "xhv",
["庫瓦阿語"] = "blh",
["庫皮亞語"] = "key",
["庫矛語"] = "kfy",
["庫米欽語"] = "cnk",
["庫約農語"] = "cyo",
["庫納馬語"] = "kun",
["庫維語"] = "kxv",
["庫莫基奧語"] = "kuo",
["庫萊雷語"] = "kul",
["庫蘭科語"] = "knk",
["庫貝歐語"] = "cub",
["庫貝語"] = "kgf",
["庫迪亞語"] = "kfg",
["庫那語"] = "cuk",
["庫里亞語"] = "kuj",
["庫阿努阿語"] = "ksd",
["庫馬克語"] = "nee",
["庫馬爾語"] = "ksl",
["庫馬納戈托語"] = "cuo",
["庫魯克語"] = "kru",
["庫魯帕哈里語"] = "kfx",
["庫魯杜語"] = "kjr",
["康加佩語"] = "igm",
["康姆語(喀麥隆)"] = "bkm",
["康孔姆巴語"] = "xon",
["康家語"] = "kxs",
["康格里語"] = "xnr",
["康沃爾語"] = "kw",
["康溫格語"] = "gup",
["康達沃語"] = "gam",
["延德納語"] = "jmd",
["延當語"] = "yen",
["廷迪語"] = "tin",
["弄巴灣語"] = "lnd",
["弗拉赫羅姆語"] = "rmy",
["弗朗什-孔泰語"] = "roa-fcm",
["弗朗西斯科里昂索克語"] = "zos",
["弗留利語"] = "fur",
["弗萬吉語"] = "wbi",
["弗里吉亞語"] = "xpg",
["強剛語"] = "djo",
["彌呂亞語"] = "imy",
["彝語"] = "ii",
["彭內拉提語"] = "bna",
["彭德語"] = "pem",
["彭林語"] = "pnh",
["彭特拉奇語"] = "ptw",
["彼爾姆科米語"] = "koi",
["待定語言"] = "und",
["德之島語"] = "tkn",
["德國手語"] = "gsg",
["德地傣語"] = "tyt",
["德姆語"] = "dem",
["德扎語"] = "jen",
["德拉-烏納萊語"] = "row",
["德拉瓦皮欽語"] = "dep",
["德杜亞語"] = "ded",
["德格威語"] = "dgh",
["德格馬語"] = "deg",
["德沃伊語"] = "dee",
["德法卡語"] = "afn",
["德爾塔約庫特語"] = "yok-dly",
["德科斯米米語"] = "mis-mmd",
["德米薩語"] = "dei",
["德維斯萊語"] = "dwz",
["德薩那語"] = "des",
["德西雅語"] = "dso",
["德語"] = "de",
["德赫瓦里語"] = "deh",
["德頓語"] = "tet",
["徹翁語"] = "cwg",
["徽語"] = "czh",
["念卡語"] = "neh",
["怒蘇語"] = "nuf",
["恩丹巴語"] = "ndj",
["恩傑巴納語"] = "djj",
["恩凱姆-恩庫姆語"] = "isi",
["恩加姆語"] = "nmc",
["恩加尼亞賈拉語"] = "ntj",
["恩加拉語"] = "nrk",
["恩加斯語"] = "anc",
["恩加旺語"] = "nxn",
["恩加朱語"] = "nij",
["恩加朱里語"] = "jui",
["恩加林杰里語"] = "nay",
["恩加納卡爾蒂語"] = "xnk",
["恩加納桑語"] = "nio",
["恩加莫語"] = "nbh",
["恩加語"] = "enq",
["恩加里古語"] = "xni",
["恩加魯馬語"] = "nrl",
["恩卡米語"] = "nkq",
["恩卡里語"] = "nkz",
["恩古盧語"] = "ngp",
["恩吉亞姆巴語"] = "wyb",
["恩吉姆語"] = "ngi",
["恩吉雷語"] = "jle",
["恩圭語"] = "nwe",
["恩多博語"] = "ndw",
["恩多姆語"] = "nqm",
["恩多姆貝語"] = "ndq",
["恩多戈語"] = "ndz",
["恩多洛語"] = "ndl",
["恩多語"] = "ndp",
["恩巴洛語"] = "emb",
["恩布語"] = "ebu",
["恩希爾皮語"] = "hrp",
["恩希語"] = "nsc",
["恩庫圖語"] = "nkw",
["恩庫姆比語"] = "khu",
["恩康亞語"] = "nko",
["恩康霍語"] = "nkc",
["恩德姆利語"] = "nml",
["恩德恩德烏勒語"] = "dne",
["恩德拉恩吉特語"] = "dgt",
["恩德魯洛語"] = "dno",
["恩戈尼語"] = "ngo",
["恩戈雷米語"] = "ngq",
["恩扎迪語"] = "nzd",
["恩敦加語"] = "ndt",
["恩敦達語"] = "nuh",
["恩杜加語"] = "ndx",
["恩杜特語"] = "ndv",
["恩杜穆語"] = "nmd",
["恩東加語"] = "ng",
["恩松語"] = "soo",
["恩果語"] = "ngn",
["恩查姆語"] = "bud",
["恩格利馬語"] = "agh",
["恩格姆巴語"] = "jgo",
["恩格拉語"] = "nlg",
["恩班加語"] = "xmb",
["恩瓜巴語"] = "ngw",
["恩甘澎語"] = "nnh",
["恩登格雷科語"] = "ndg",
["恩科亞語"] = "nka",
["恩科羅語"] = "nkx",
["恩萬語"] = "env",
["恩語"] = "enc",
["恩貢杜語"] = "nue",
["恩貢迪語"] = "ndn",
["恩賓達語"] = "nbd",
["恩贊伊語"] = "nja",
["恩達利語"] = "ndh",
["恩達卡語"] = "ndk",
["恩達姆語"] = "ndm",
["恩達薩語"] = "nda",
["恩金多語"] = "nnq",
["恩雷甘語"] = "ptt",
["恩魯納語"] = "niy",
["恰喀拉語"] = "tuw-kkl",
["恰帕內克語"] = "cip",
["恰蒂斯加爾語"] = "hne",
["惠喬爾語"] = "hch",
["惠特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mxs",
["意大利希臘語"] = "grk-ita",
["意大利手語"] = "ise",
["意大利語"] = "it",
["意第緒語"] = "yi",
["愛沙尼亞手語"] = "eso",
["愛沙尼亞語"] = "et",
["愛爾蘭手語"] = "isg",
["愛爾蘭語"] = "ga",
["懷安多特語"] = "wya",
["懷爾-亞塔語"] = "azt",
["戈倫語"] = "xgg",
["戈卡納語"] = "gkn",
["戈厄邁語"] = "ank",
["戈圖奧語"] = "aaa",
["戈多貝里語"] = "gdo",
["戈威語"] = "gwj",
["戈巴西語"] = "goi",
["戈布語"] = "gox",
["戈戈語"] = "gog",
["戈戈達拉語"] = "ggw",
["戈拉普語"] = "goq",
["戈林語"] = "gvf",
["戈法語"] = "gof",
["戈特契語"] = "gmw-gts",
["戈瑪拉語"] = "gho",
["戈羅瓦語"] = "gow",
["戈語"] = "cua",
["戈達瓦語"] = "kfa",
["戈達瓦里語"] = "gdx",
["戈馬拉語"] = "bbj",
["戶語"] = "huo",
["所羅門群島手語"] = "szs",
["扎伊語"] = "zwa",
["扎加瓦語"] = "byt",
["扎卡特蘭-阿華卡特蘭-特佩欽特拉-納瓦特爾語"] = "nhi",
["扎召語"] = "jaj",
["扎壩語"] = "zhb",
["扎巴拉語"] = "zro",
["扎巴納語"] = "kji",
["扎巴語"] = "dka",
["扎扎其語"] = "zza",
["扎拉莫語"] = "zaj",
["扎拉語"] = "dzl",
["扎爾馬語"] = "dje",
["扎穆科語"] = "ayo",
["扎納基語"] = "zak",
["扎話"] = "zkr",
["扎里語"] = "zaz",
["打加語"] = "dkk",
["托克勞語"] = "tkl",
["托克皮辛語"] = "tpi",
["托喬語"] = "taz",
["托巴巴塔克語"] = "bbc",
["托巴蒂語"] = "tti",
["托巴語"] = "tob",
["托托羅語"] = "ttk",
["托托馬查潘薩波特克語"] = "zph",
["托拉查-薩達語"] = "sda",
["托比語"] = "tox",
["托比隆語"] = "tgb",
["托洛馬科語"] = "tlm",
["托特拉語"] = "ttl",
["托瓦利語"] = "trw",
["托米尼語"] = "txm",
["托羅納語"] = "tqr",
["托羅語"] = "ttj",
["托莫伊普語"] = "tqp",
["托貝洛語"] = "tlb",
["托達語"] = "tcx",
["托里切利堯語"] = "yyu",
["托里切利語"] = "tei",
["托里皮語"] = "tqo",
["托阿巴伊塔語"] = "mlu",
["托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語"] = "tcs",
["托霍拉瓦爾語"] = "toj",
["扶餘語"] = "xpy",
["投投語"] = "txo",
["拉丁語"] = "la",
["拉丹語"] = "ldn",
["拉余語"] = "lgh",
["拉傑班什語"] = "rjs",
["拉克語"] = "lbe",
["拉加語"] = "lml",
["拉包爾克里奧爾德語"] = "uln",
["拉博納語"] = "sai-rab",
["拉卜-基納巴唐岸卡達山語"] = "dtb",
["拉卡漢加-曼尼希基語"] = "rkh",
["拉卡語"] = "lak",
["拉吉拉吉語"] = "llj",
["拉哈南語"] = "lhn",
["拉哈語(越南)"] = "lha",
["拉圖語"] = "ltu",
["拉坎敦語"] = "lac",
["拉基語"] = "lbt",
["拉塔罕語"] = "rth",
["拉壤加央語"] = "ree",
["拉奇吉里薩波特克語"] = "zpa",
["拉奇西奧薩波特克語"] = "zpl",
["拉奧語"] = "rao",
["拉姆博亞語"] = "lmy",
["拉姆比亞語"] = "lai",
["拉姆語"] = "llh",
["拉尼馬語"] = "lnw",
["拉巴語"] = "lau",
["拉布揚-蘇巴農語"] = "laa",
["拉布語"] = "lbu",
["拉帕努伊語"] = "rap",
["拉帕語"] = "ray",
["拉拉-布桑西語"] = "leb",
["拉拉-羅巴語"] = "lla",
["拉拉吉亞語"] = "lrg",
["拉拉巴卡提語"] = "lra",
["拉拉納奇南特克語"] = "cnl",
["拉拉語 (南非)"] = "bnt-lal",
["拉拉語(新幾內亞)"] = "nrz",
["拉撒利姆語"] = "llm",
["拉斯格爾迪語"] = "lsa",
["拉普廷語"] = "rpt",
["拉望岸語"] = "lbx",
["拉梅語"] = "bma",
["拉武拉語"] = "yea",
["拉武語"] = "lwu",
["拉比爾語"] = "jku",
["拉永索克語"] = "zor",
["拉沃語"] = "rwa",
["拉波伊斯語"] = "kyx",
["拉波普佤語"] = "ypb",
["拉溫亞語"] = "tgi",
["拉烏卡萊韋語"] = "lvk",
["拉烏特語"] = "rau",
["拉熱語"] = "tbq-laz",
["拉爾語"] = "gdm",
["拉爾迪爾語"] = "lbz",
["拉特加萊語"] = "ltg",
["拉特維巴雷里語"] = "bgd",
["拉珈語"] = "lbc",
["拉瑪白語"] = "lay",
["拉瑪語"] = "rma",
["拉瓦特布拉語"] = "lbv",
["拉瓦語"] = "luf",
["拉登語"] = "lld",
["拉祜西語"] = "lhi",
["拉祜語"] = "lhu",
["拉福法語"] = "laf",
["拉科塔語"] = "lkt",
["拉科語"] = "lki",
["拉納塔魯語"] = "thr",
["拉納爾語"] = "mnv",
["拉維語"] = "lvi",
["拉罕布語"] = "raz",
["拉羅湯加語"] = "rar",
["拉胡爾洛哈爾語"] = "lhl",
["拉脫維亞手語"] = "lsl",
["拉脫維亞語"] = "lv",
["拉茲語"] = "lzz",
["拉莫加語"] = "lmg",
["拉莫艾納語"] = "rai",
["拉蒂諾語"] = "lad",
["拉薩瓦語"] = "rac",
["拉諾赫語"] = "lnh",
["拉貝爾語"] = "lbb",
["拉賈卡本選-馬諾博語"] = "mqk",
["拉達克語"] = "lbj",
["拉達農語"] = "btn",
["拉里語"] = "lrl",
["拉阿魯哇語"] = "sxr",
["拉雅語"] = "lya",
["拉韋語"] = "brb",
["拉馬拉馬語"] = "arr",
["拉馬諾斯語"] = "sai-ram",
["拉馬霍洛特語"] = "slp",
["拉齊希語"] = "rzh",
["拍瀑拉語"] = "ppu",
["拓跋語"] = "mis-tuo",
["拜拜語"] = "bvy",
["拜語"] = "bdj",
["拜馬克語"] = "bmx",
["挪威俄語"] = "crp-rsn",
["挪威手語"] = "nsl",
["挪威語"] = "no",
["捷克手語"] = "cse",
["捷克語"] = "cs",
["排灣語"] = "pwn",
["措語"] = "ldp",
["提姆語"] = "tem",
["提拉希語"] = "tra",
["提格里尼亞語"] = "ti",
["提格雷語"] = "tig",
["提瓦語"] = "lax",
["提維語"] = "tiw",
["揚卡爾語"] = "aus-ynk",
["揚吉巴拉語"] = "xyb",
["揚尤瓦語"] = "jao",
["揚德魯萬塔語"] = "ynd",
["揚昆塔賈拉語"] = "kdd",
["揚曼語"] = "jng",
["揚貝塔語"] = "yat",
["揚達語"] = "yda",
["摩利-阿達斯語"] = "mzq",
["摩利巴華語"] = "xmz",
["摩押語"] = "obm",
["摩梭語"] = "nru",
["摩洛哥手語"] = "xms",
["摩洛哥阿拉伯語"] = "ary",
["摩爾多瓦手語"] = "vsi",
["摩瑪語"] = "myl",
["摩福古杜爾語"] = "mif",
["摩羅內內語"] = "mqn",
["撒丁語"] = "sc",
["撒古拉比阿特語"] = "skf",
["撒奇萊雅語"] = "szy",
["撒尼語"] = "ysn",
["撒慕語"] = "ysd",
["撒拉語"] = "slr",
["撒梅語"] = "smh",
["撒涅語"] = "ysy",
["撒馬利亞亞拉姆語"] = "sam",
["撒馬利亞希伯來語"] = "smp",
["撣語"] = "shn",
["攸樂基諾語"] = "jiu",
["教會斯拉夫語"] = "zls-chs",
["敦加羅語"] = "dhx",
["敦多語"] = "dde",
["敦帕斯語"] = "dmv",
["敦格拉比爾語"] = "duh",
["敦苗語"] = "hmf",
["文圖雷諾語"] = "veo",
["文布武語"] = "wum",
["文布語"] = "vum",
["文言文"] = "lzh",
["文達語"] = "ve",
["斐濟印地語"] = "hif",
["斐濟語"] = "fj",
["斯亞穆語"] = "sif",
["斯克皮克里奧爾荷蘭語"] = "skw",
["斯凡語"] = "sva",
["斯凡迪語"] = "siy",
["斯凱語"] = "ske",
["斯卡洛維亞語"] = "svx",
["斯堪地羅姆語"] = "rmu",
["斯堪尼亞語"] = "gmq-scy",
["斯庫語"] = "skv",
["斯托尼語"] = "sto",
["斯拉夫共通語"] = "isv",
["斯拉夫莫利塞語"] = "svm",
["斯波坎語"] = "spo",
["斯洛伐克手語"] = "svk",
["斯洛伐克語"] = "sk",
["斯洛文尼亞語"] = "sl",
["斯洛溫語"] = "zlw-slv",
["斯瓦希里語"] = "sw",
["斯科爾特薩米語"] = "sms",
["斯里蘭卡克里奧爾馬來語"] = "sci",
["斯里蘭卡手語"] = "sqs",
["斯里語"] = "sir",
["斯闊米什語"] = "squ",
["斯高克倫語"] = "ksw",
["新共同語言"] = "lfn",
["新加坡手語"] = "sls",
["新喀里多尼亞爪哇語"] = "jas",
["新挪威語"] = "nn",
["新西蘭手語"] = "nzs",
["方語"] = "phg",
["施瓦本語"] = "swg",
["施盧赫語"] = "shi",
["施語"] = "shr",
["旁固語"] = "png",
["旁庫語"] = "pkh",
["旁普科爾語"] = "xpm",
["旁狄希臘語"] = "pnt",
["旁遮普語"] = "pa",
["旅行者丹麥語"] = "rmd",
["旅行者挪威語"] = "rmg",
["旅行者蘇格蘭語"] = "trl",
["日德蘭語"] = "jut",
["日旺語"] = "raw",
["日昂語"] = "ril",
["日本手語"] = "jsl",
["日語"] = "ja",
["日部話"] = "sit-zbu",
["早期古烏古斯語"] = "trk-eog",
["早期特里普里語"] = "xtr",
["旺加語"] = "lwg",
["旺加馬拉語"] = "wnm",
["旺卡尤迪烏魯語"] = "wky",
["旺戈姆語"] = "wng",
["旺甘古魯語"] = "wgg",
["昂儒昂科摩羅語"] = "wni",
["昂加語"] = "anp",
["昂卡穆蒂語"] = "avm",
["昂古魯克亞利語"] = "yli",
["昂庫拉語"] = "aus-ang",
["昂科拉巴塔克語"] = "akb",
["昆加里語"] = "kgl",
["昆卡里語"] = "lku",
["昆嘉語"] = "pep",
["昆堅語"] = "kjn",
["昆尼帕語"] = "qyp",
["昆巴朗語"] = "wlg",
["昆蒂語"] = "kww",
["昆貝瓦哈語"] = "xks",
["昆達爾-沙希語"] = "shd",
["昆雅語"] = "qya",
["昌語"] = "nbc",
["昌貝阿里語"] = "cdh",
["明德里科語"] = "drc",
["明戈語"] = "iro-min",
["明打威語"] = "mwv",
["明格列爾語"] = "xmf",
["明瓊巴爾語"] = "xjb",
["明迪語"] = "muh",
["明迪里語"] = "mpn",
["明里克語"] = "mnq",
["晉語"] = "cjy",
["普什圖語"] = "ps",
["普伊納維語"] = "pui",
["普倫語"] = "pub",
["普內語"] = "pho",
["普努語"] = "puu",
["普卡普卡語"] = "pkp",
["普圖瓦姆語"] = "afe",
["普埃布拉馬薩特克語"] = "pbm",
["普尤語"] = "pby",
["普拉克里特語"] = "pra",
["普拉吉語"] = "pru",
["普拉布語"] = "pup",
["普拉語"] = "ypg",
["普拉里語"] = "iar",
["普提語"] = "bnt-phu",
["普林西比語"] = "pre",
["普標語"] = "laq",
["普泰語"] = "mfl",
["普瑪語"] = "pum",
["普瓦圖-桑通日語"] = "roa-poi",
["普瓦普瓦語"] = "pop",
["普羅維登西亞手語"] = "prz",
["普耶語"] = "pug",
["普西克瓦爾語"] = "apq",
["普西基耶語"] = "kvj",
["普里克語"] = "prx",
["普里語"] = "prr",
["普阿雷語"] = "pux",
["普雷佩查語"] = "pua",
["普魯沃拉語"] = "pur",
["景頗語"] = "kac",
["智利手語"] = "csg",
["書面挪威語"] = "nb",
["書面衛拉特語"] = "xwo",
["曼丁哥語"] = "man",
["曼丹語"] = "mhq",
["曼丹達尼語"] = "zmk",
["曼代靈巴塔克語"] = "btm",
["曼加拉伊語"] = "mpc",
["曼加斯語"] = "zns",
["曼加瑞瓦語"] = "mrv",
["曼南語"] = "mjv",
["曼博魯語"] = "mvd",
["曼卡尼亞語"] = "knf",
["曼多波巴勞語"] = "bwp",
["曼多波阿塔斯語"] = "aax",
["曼尼普爾語"] = "mni",
["曼島語"] = "gv",
["曼布韋-倫古語"] = "mgr",
["曼德文字"] = "nqo",
["曼戈語"] = "mge",
["曼拜語"] = "mgm",
["曼普魯西語"] = "maw",
["曼格爾語"] = "zme",
["曼薩卡語"] = "msk",
["曼貝語"] = "mcs",
["曼賈克語"] = "mfv",
["曼迪阿里語"] = "mjl",
["曼達安語"] = "mid",
["曼達洛語"] = "art-man",
["曼達爾語"] = "mdr",
["曼達瓦卡語"] = "mht",
["曼達蘭加央語"] = "xkd",
["曼達語 (澳洲)"] = "zma",
["曼達語(印度)"] = "mha",
["曼達語(坦桑尼亞)"] = "mgs",
["朗博語"] = "loo",
["朗卡斯語"] = "rgk",
["朗吉語"] = "lag",
["朗布隆語"] = "rol",
["朗普里語"] = "rkt",
["望加錫語"] = "mak",
["望加錫馬來語"] = "mfp",
["朝比語"] = "cce",
["朝鮮語"] = "ko",
["期臘木吉語"] = "ymq",
["木佬語"] = "giu",
["木支語"] = "ymz",
["木達語"] = "ymd",
["木雅語"] = "mvm",
["木麻黃海岸阿斯馬特語"] = "asc",
["本博馬語"] = "bws",
["本卡拉首手語"] = "bqy",
["本古語"] = "wun",
["本嘉因語"] = "but",
["本巴語"] = "bem",
["本庫語"] = "bkz",
["本德語"] = "bdp",
["本東語"] = "bnu",
["本甘迪茲語"] = "xbg",
["本貝語"] = "beq",
["本賈語"] = "bhu",
["本道語"] = "ums",
["本雅度語"] = "byd",
["札加瓦語"] = "zag",
["朱如納語"] = "jur",
["朱姆拉手語"] = "jus",
["朱姆朱姆語"] = "jum",
["朱巴阿拉伯語"] = "pga",
["朱拉-芳伊語"] = "dyo",
["朱昆語"] = "jbu",
["朱洪語"] = "ktz",
["朱爾戈-格姆澤克語"] = "gnd",
["朱魯語"] = "cje",
["李山帝丹語"] = "trg",
["李沙那德尼語"] = "lsd",
["杜亞拉語"] = "dua",
["杜亞諾語"] = "dup",
["杜利語"] = "duz",
["杜古里語"] = "dbm",
["杜塞語"] = "gsn",
["杜夫勒語"] = "duv",
["杜奧語"] = "dva",
["杜巴尼南阿埃塔語"] = "duo",
["杜布語"] = "dmu",
["杜布里語"] = "dub",
["杜拉語"] = "drq",
["杜斯內爾語"] = "dsn",
["杜杜羅阿語"] = "ddr",
["杜松維圖語"] = "duw",
["杜格沃爾語"] = "dme",
["杜溫語"] = "dux",
["杜漢語"] = "trk-dkh",
["杜爾布語"] = "dbo",
["杜瓦亞語"] = "dwy",
["杜瓦爾語"] = "dwu",
["杜瓦語"] = "dbp",
["杜米語"] = "dus",
["杜納語"] = "duc",
["杜華語"] = "kbz",
["杜順達雅語"] = "dun",
["杜馬語"] = "dma",
["杜魯瓦語"] = "pci",
["杰勒語"] = "gyi",
["杰龍語"] = "jee",
["東克勒斯語"] = "kee",
["東克耶語"] = "eky",
["東切爾克斯語"] = "kbd",
["東加拿大伊努克提圖特語"] = "ike",
["東北丁卡語"] = "dip",
["東北基瓦伊語"] = "kiw",
["東北帕沙伊語"] = "aee",
["東北波莫語"] = "pef",
["東北邁杜語"] = "nmu",
["東南丁卡語"] = "dks",
["東南伊斯特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zpd",
["東南塔拉烏馬拉語"] = "tcu",
["東南塔斯馬尼亞語"] = "xpf",
["東南安布里姆語"] = "tvk",
["東南巴巴爾語"] = "vbb",
["東南帕沙伊語"] = "psi",
["東南普埃布拉納瓦特爾語"] = "npl",
["東南波莫語"] = "pom",
["東南特佩瓦語"] = "stp",
["東南科拉米語"] = "nit",
["東南諾奇斯特蘭米斯特克語"] = "mxy",
["東占語"] = "cjm",
["東塔烏碧語"] = "bnj",
["東塔蘭甘語"] = "tre",
["東墨儂語"] = "mng",
["東奧吉布瓦語"] = "ojg",
["東尼亞拉語"] = "nle",
["東尼蘇語"] = "nos",
["東山壩臘羅語"] = "yik",
["東布魯語"] = "bru",
["東帕巴特卡姆語"] = "kif",
["東干語"] = "dng",
["東廓爾喀達芒語"] = "tge",
["東戈都語"] = "ktv",
["東拉威語"] = "lwl",
["東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語"] = "azd",
["東柯瓦語"] = "kjs",
["東桑海語"] = "ses",
["東梅瓦杭語"] = "emg",
["東法蘭克尼亞語"] = "vmf",
["東波克倫語"] = "kjp",
["東波莫語"] = "peb",
["東漢特語"] = "kca-eas",
["東玻利維亞瓜拉尼語"] = "gui",
["東珀南語"] = "pez",
["東瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語"] = "nhe",
["東穆里亞語"] = "emu",
["東臘魯語"] = "yit",
["東語"] = "doh",
["東貝拉拉語"] = "ttp",
["東達芒語"] = "taj",
["東達馬爾語"] = "dmr",
["東邦圖克語"] = "ebk",
["東部惠水苗語"] = "hme",
["東部裕固語"] = "yuy",
["東部高地奧托米語"] = "otm",
["東部高地查蒂諾語"] = "cly",
["東部黔東苗語"] = "hmq",
["東鄉語"] = "sce",
["東阿奇帕語"] = "acp",
["東阿蘭達語"] = "aer",
["東馬嘉爾語"] = "mgp",
["東馬基安語"] = "mky",
["東馬塞拉語"] = "vme",
["東馬里語"] = "mhr",
["松巴哇語"] = "smw",
["松布瓦語"] = "suw",
["松格語"] = "sop",
["松楚語"] = "scu",
["松瓦爾語"] = "suz",
["松索羅爾語"] = "sov",
["松萊語"] = "smu",
["松賴語"] = "sor",
["林加拉克語"] = "lgk",
["林加拉語"] = "ln",
["林吉提格語"] = "lnj",
["林哥尼語"] = "nen",
["林堡語"] = "li",
["林布語"] = "lif",
["林杜語"] = "klw",
["林松薩波特克語"] = "zar",
["林甘語"] = "lyg",
["果羅尼語"] = "xkq",
["柔威語"] = "pto",
["柔然語"] = "mis-rou",
["柔若語"] = "zal",
["查克馬語"] = "ccp",
["查利語"] = "tgf",
["查卡里語"] = "cli",
["查尤科米斯特克語"] = "mih",
["查帕庫拉語"] = "sai-chp",
["查庫爾語"] = "tkr",
["查拉語"] = "cll",
["查普伍龍語"] = "tjw",
["查格依語"] = "sne",
["查瓦卡諾語"] = "cbk",
["查米庫羅語"] = "ccc",
["查茨語"] = "cbi",
["查莫羅語"] = "ch",
["查蘇姆巴米斯特克語"] = "xtb",
["查馬拉爾語"] = "cji",
["查魯阿語"] = "sai-chr",
["柯特語"] = "kmg",
["柯瓦語"] = "kew",
["柯羅語 (新幾內亞)"] = "kxr",
["柯羅語 (萬那杜)"] = "krf",
["柯莫林語"] = "kge",
["栗蘇語"] = "sit-liz",
["根格勒語"] = "geg",
["格基里庫語"] = "diu",
["格巴伊語"] = "gyg",
["格巴努語"] = "gbv",
["格巴格伊語"] = "gbr",
["格巴里語"] = "gby",
["格恩語"] = "gej",
["格拉斯科亞里語"] = "kbk",
["格拉語"] = "gew",
["格曼語"] = "mxj",
["格柏盧格雷博語"] = "gec",
["格森語"] = "xsm",
["格比語"] = "ggb",
["格班語"] = "ggu",
["格瑙語"] = "gnu",
["格瑞那達克里奧爾英語"] = "gcl",
["格羅斯文特語"] = "ats",
["格羅沙語"] = "igs",
["格蘭加里語"] = "nli",
["格貝語"] = "gei",
["格賀語"] = "kpm",
["格陵蘭語"] = "kl",
["格雷羅納瓦特爾語"] = "ngu",
["格雷羅阿穆茲戈語"] = "amu",
["格韋亞德洪堡薩波特克語"] = "zpg",
["格韋爾語"] = "gwr",
["格韋諾語"] = "gwe",
["格魯吉亞語"] = "ka",
["格魯馬語"] = "gea",
["桑加薩爾語"] = "sgr",
["桑加語 (剛果)"] = "sng",
["桑加語 (奈及利亞)"] = "xsn",
["桑古語"] = "sbp",
["桑基勒語"] = "snl",
["桑塔利語"] = "sat",
["桑孔語"] = "sgk",
["桑巴爾普里語"] = "spv",
["桑巴語"] = "smx",
["桑戈語"] = "sg",
["桑提內爾語"] = "std",
["桑斯語"] = "ssi",
["桑旁語"] = "rav",
["桑格萊奇語"] = "sgy",
["桑格語"] = "sxn",
["桑維蒂語"] = "smv",
["桑耶夫語"] = "kgt",
["桑貝語"] = "xab",
["桑貝里吉語"] = "ssx",
["桑達韋語"] = "sad",
["桑雷語"] = "sxm",
["梁語"] = "ria",
["梅亞赫語"] = "mej",
["梅克梅克語"] = "mvk",
["梅凱奧語"] = "mek",
["梅勒-卡翁語"] = "hkn",
["梅勒-菲拉語"] = "mxe",
["梅卡亞潘納瓦特爾語"] = "nhx",
["梅奎伊語"] = "msf",
["梅安語"] = "fit",
["梅布拉特語"] = "ayz",
["梅布語"] = "mjn",
["梅德布爾語"] = "mjm",
["梅戈來諾-羅馬尼亞語"] = "ruq",
["梅拉普普南語"] = "puc",
["梅拉梅拉語"] = "mxm",
["梅拉赫普南語"] = "puf",
["梅敦巴語"] = "byv",
["梅斯基塔爾奧托米語"] = "ote",
["梅斯梅語"] = "zim",
["梅松特拉波波洛卡語"] = "pbe",
["梅洛語"] = "mfx",
["梅爾帕語"] = "med",
["梅爾拉夫語"] = "mrm",
["梅特拉托諾克米斯特克語"] = "mxv",
["梅瓦爾語"] = "mtr",
["梅瓦蒂語"] = "wtm",
["梅甘語"] = "mef",
["梅納克語"] = "mmh",
["梅莫尼語"] = "mby",
["梅菲勒語"] = "mfj",
["梅薩卡語"] = "iyo",
["梅薩比語"] = "cms",
["梅赫克語"] = "nux",
["梅里語"] = "meq",
["梅里阿姆語"] = "ulk",
["梅魯語"] = "mer",
["梯貢-姆本貝語"] = "nza",
["梯頂語"] = "ctd",
["梵語"] = "sa",
["森勝語"] = "ssz",
["森南尼語"] = "smy",
["森南語"] = "ssm",
["森哈加語"] = "sjs",
["森塔尼語"] = "set",
["森巴孔穆魯特語"] = "sbr",
["森斯語"] = "sni",
["森松特佩克查蒂諾語"] = "czn",
["森林克里語"] = "cwd",
["森林埃涅茨語"] = "enf",
["森林涅涅茨語"] = "yrk-for",
["森格勒語"] = "szg",
["森美蘭馬來語"] = "zmi",
["楚克瓦語"] = "cuw",
["楚克語"] = "chk",
["楚凡語"] = "xcv",
["楚利姆語"] = "clw",
["楚卡語"] = "cuh",
["楚圖希爾語"] = "tzj",
["楚德里語"] = "cdi",
["楚拉希語"] = "cdj",
["楚瓦什語"] = "cv",
["楚瓦迪語"] = "tvd",
["楚科奇語"] = "ckt",
["楚阿博語"] = "chw",
["極地因紐特語"] = "esx-ink",
["榮貝語"] = "yom",
["樂窩語"] = "lww",
["標敏語"] = "bje",
["標曼語"] = "bmt",
["標準摩洛哥柏柏爾語"] = "zgh",
["標話"] = "byk",
["檳城手語"] = "psg",
["欣杜里語"] = "hii",
["欣門語"] = "puo",
["欽察語"] = "qwm",
["歌庸語"] = "kxy",
["歌須語"] = "kta",
["歐伐耶語"] = "opy",
["歐內達語"] = "one",
["歐樓語"] = "ong",
["歐波-馬諾博語"] = "obo",
["歐科迪亞語"] = "okd",
["歐罕語"] = "ood",
["歐肯納根語"] = "oka",
["武吉馬來語"] = "bvu",
["武特語"] = "vut",
["歸語"] = "kdt",
["比亞克語"] = "bhw",
["比亞利語"] = "beh",
["比亞塔比達友語"] = "bth",
["比什奴普萊利亞-曼尼普爾語"] = "bpy",
["比克亞語"] = "byb",
["比克比杰語"] = "sai-pyk",
["比加姆巴爾語"] = "xbe",
["比勞語"] = "brr",
["比哈爾語"] = "bh",
["比圖爾語"] = "mcc",
["比埃特語"] = "biu",
["比埃里亞語"] = "brj",
["比塔雷語"] = "brt",
["比塞尼語"] = "ije",
["比尤那維斯塔約庫特語"] = "yok-bvy",
["比巴阿利語"] = "bcn",
["比布爾曼語"] = "xbp",
["比拉庫拉語"] = "bql",
["比拉斯普里語"] = "kfs",
["比拉語"] = "bip",
["比拉里語"] = "bhi",
["比斯拉馬語"] = "bi",
["比昂西語"] = "bee",
["比林語"] = "byn",
["比洛克西語"] = "bil",
["比爾吉德語"] = "brk",
["比爾吉特語"] = "btf",
["比爾巴語"] = "bpz",
["比爾比爾語"] = "brz",
["比爾瓦語"] = "brl",
["比爾語"] = "pcb",
["比瓦特語"] = "bwm",
["比盧爾語"] = "bxf",
["比盧阿語"] = "blb",
["比約姆語"] = "bpm",
["比納哈里語"] = "bxz",
["比納瓦語"] = "byj",
["比納語"] = "bmn",
["比索里奧語"] = "bir",
["比舒奧語"] = "bwh",
["比莫巴語"] = "bim",
["比薩佛洛勒斯特佩瓦語"] = "tpp",
["比西斯語"] = "bnw",
["比諾岸伊特內格語"] = "itb",
["比賈拉語"] = "bym",
["比赫語"] = "ibh",
["比迪約語"] = "bid",
["比里泰語"] = "bqq",
["比里語"] = "bzr",
["比阿法達語"] = "bif",
["比馬語"] = "bhp",
["毛-那加語"] = "nbi",
["毛利語"] = "mi",
["毛南語"] = "mmd",
["毛瓦凱語"] = "mhl",
["毛翁語"] = "mph",
["毛里求斯克里奧爾語"] = "mfe",
["毛里求斯手語"] = "lsy",
["民和土族語"] = "mjg-mgr",
["民都魯語"] = "bny",
["水田語"] = "lov",
["水語"] = "swi",
["汗語"] = "haa",
["汪達爾語"] = "xvn",
["汶萊米沙鄢語"] = "bsb",
["汶萊馬來語"] = "kxd",
["沃亞伊語"] = "wuy",
["沃伊伍龍語"] = "wyi",
["沃伊語"] = "wbw",
["沃傑納卡語"] = "jod",
["沃塔普里-卡塔卡萊語"] = "wsv",
["沃孔語"] = "xwc",
["沃度語"] = "wtw",
["沃拉尼語"] = "wle",
["沃拉普克語"] = "vo",
["沃林格語"] = "wly",
["沃沃尼語"] = "wow",
["沃洛夫語"] = "wo",
["沃爾西語"] = "xvo",
["沃特語"] = "vot",
["沃瓦語"] = "stn",
["沃羅拉語"] = "wro",
["沃羅語"] = "vor",
["沃萊塔語"] = "wal",
["沃諾語"] = "kch",
["沃里米語"] = "kda",
["沃雅語"] = "wau",
["沃雷埃語"] = "woe",
["沃雷語"] = "wrz",
["沖永良部語"] = "okn",
["沖繩語"] = "ryu",
["沙嫩納瓦語"] = "swo",
["沙巴克語"] = "sdb",
["沙巴米沙鄢語"] = "bsy",
["沙巴馬來語"] = "msi",
["沙拉基語"] = "skr",
["沙拉納瓦語"] = "mcd",
["沙斯塔語"] = "sht",
["沙比爾語"] = "pml",
["沙烏地阿拉伯手語"] = "sdl",
["沙爬語"] = "tys",
["沙特語"] = "shj",
["沙維拉語"] = "swt",
["沙維語"] = "sdg",
["沙赫米爾扎迪語"] = "srz",
["沙赫魯迪語"] = "shm",
["沙雅語"] = "say",
["沙馬-桑布加語"] = "sqa",
["沙馬可可語"] = "ceg",
["河內手語"] = "hab",
["河畔加央語"] = "xkn",
["河谷邁杜語"] = "vmv",
["河邊阿拜語"] = "abf",
["沼澤克里語"] = "csw",
["泉漳話"] = "nan-hbl",
["法利斯克語"] = "xfa",
["法國手語"] = "fsl",
["法國比利時手語"] = "sfb",
["法塔魯庫語"] = "ddg",
["法尤語"] = "fau",
["法拉法拉語"] = "gur",
["法拉語"] = "fax",
["法斯語"] = "fqs",
["法羅語"] = "fo",
["法蘇語"] = "faa",
["法蘭克-普羅旺斯語"] = "frp",
["法蘭欽語"] = "cfm",
["法語"] = "fr",
["法雷語"] = "for",
["波丘特克語"] = "xpo",
["波亞納瓦語"] = "pyn",
["波其瓜拉語"] = "pog",
["波加利語"] = "hkh",
["波坦新亞拉姆語"] = "bhn",
["波多蘭三描語"] = "sbl",
["波多黎各手語"] = "psl",
["波姆語"] = "pmo",
["波尼語"] = "paw",
["波拉布語"] = "pox",
["波拉語"] = "bxd",
["波斯手語"] = "psc",
["波斯語"] = "fa",
["波旁-貝里語"] = "roa-bbn",
["波朋哥語"] = "bgb",
["波朗多語"] = "bzm",
["波朗果語"] = "bld",
["波洛農包克語"] = "plb",
["波爾茨語"] = "plj",
["波爾語"] = "blf",
["波瓦坦語"] = "pim",
["波科特語"] = "pko",
["波科馬姆語"] = "poc",
["波納佩語"] = "pon",
["波羅哈農語"] = "prh",
["波羅的羅姆語"] = "rml",
["波耶語"] = "bye",
["波蘭手語"] = "pso",
["波蘭語"] = "pl",
["波諾薩坎語"] = "pns",
["波那姆語"] = "ncc",
["波阿諾語 (摩鹿加群島)"] = "bzn",
["波阿諾語 (蘇拉威西島)"] = "bzl",
["泰凱-蒂耶語"] = "tyx",
["泰努語"] = "tkw",
["泰卡特語"] = "aos",
["泰國孟語"] = "mnw-tha",
["泰國手語"] = "tsq",
["泰奈語"] = "ago",
["泰梅爾皮欽俄語"] = "crp-tpr",
["泰瓦語"] = "twe",
["泰盧固語"] = "te",
["泰米爾語"] = "ta",
["泰語"] = "th",
["泰諾語"] = "tnq",
["泰雅語"] = "tay",
["泰雷布語"] = "trb",
["泰雷諾語"] = "ter",
["泰馬語"] = "sem-tay",
["洋卞語"] = "yav",
["洋涇浜英語"] = "cpi",
["洛亞基語"] = "lrk",
["洛勒語"] = "llg",
["洛卡語"] = "yaz",
["洛圖科語"] = "lot",
["洛奧語"] = "ldo",
["洛尼烏語"] = "los",
["洛巴拉語"] = "loq",
["洛希查薩波特克語"] = "ztp",
["洛帕語"] = "lop",
["洛戈利語"] = "rag",
["洛戈爾語"] = "lof",
["洛戈語"] = "log",
["洛拉克語"] = "llq",
["洛林語"] = "roa-lor",
["洛比語"] = "lob",
["洛沃諾語"] = "vnk",
["洛洛達語"] = "loa",
["洛烏語"] = "loj",
["洛皮特語"] = "lpx",
["洛科語"] = "lok",
["洛迪語"] = "lbm",
["洛馬卡語"] = "loi",
["洛馬夫倫語"] = "rmi",
["洛齊語"] = "loz",
["洞朵語"] = "dok",
["津吉門語"] = "jim",
["津巴布韋手語"] = "zib",
["津巴語"] = "zmb",
["津扎語"] = "zin",
["洪加納語"] = "hum",
["洪濟布語"] = "huz",
["洪語"] = "hnu",
["洪都拉斯手語"] = "hds",
["派拉語"] = "plq",
["派納馬語"] = "pmr",
["派語"] = "prt",
["浙南閩語"] = "nan-zhe",
["浪速語"] = "mhx",
["海事手語"] = "nsr",
["海南話"] = "hnm",
["海地克里奧爾語"] = "ht",
["海地巫毒文化語"] = "hvc",
["海奧姆語"] = "hgm",
["海岸卡達山語"] = "kzj",
["海岸米沃克語"] = "csi",
["海斯拉語"] = "has",
["海格威語"] = "hgw",
["海灣米沃克語"] = "mkq",
["海灣阿拉伯語"] = "afb",
["海爾蘇克語"] = "hei",
["海達語"] = "hai",
["海防手語"] = "haf",
["海陸豐話"] = "nan-hlh",
["涅吉達爾語"] = "neg",
["涅固爾語"] = "cbn",
["混合大安達曼語"] = "gac",
["清邁手語"] = "csd",
["渥太華語"] = "otw",
["湖泊米沃克語"] = "lmw",
["湘語"] = "hsn",
["湯加語"] = "to",
["湯普森語"] = "thp",
["源語"] = "nuo",
["溝通語"] = "art-com",
["溪吉丹諾語"] = "cax",
["溫尼貝戈語"] = "win",
["溫巴溫巴語"] = "xww",
["溫德-凱利語"] = "unz",
["溫戈語"] = "won",
["溫舊語"] = "vun",
["滇東北苗語"] = "hmd",
["滕內語"] = "tex",
["滕博語"] = "tbt",
["滿語"] = "mnc",
["漢加語"] = "hag",
["漢志阿拉伯語"] = "acw",
["漢斯立克語"] = "hrx",
["漢泰語"] = "hmt",
["漢苗語"] = "hmz",
["漢語"] = "zh",
["潘內語"] = "pnc",
["潘古塔蘭薩馬語"] = "slm",
["潘查納語"] = "pnp",
["潘比亞語"] = "pmb",
["潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語"] = "rsk",
["潮州話"] = "nan-tws",
["澤納加語"] = "zen",
["澤納格語"] = "zeg",
["澤蘭語"] = "zea",
["澤西荷蘭語"] = "gmw-jdt",
["澳洲克里奧爾語"] = "rop",
["澳洲原住民手語"] = "asw",
["澳洲手語"] = "asf",
["澳語"] = "avt",
["澳門土生葡語"] = "mzs",
["澳門皮欽葡萄牙語"] = "crp-mpp",
["濊貊語"] = "hmk",
["濟州語"] = "jje",
["濟連科爾語"] = "zrn",
["炯奈語"] = "pnu",
["烏亞吉塔亞語"] = "duk",
["烏修基語"] = "ush",
["烏克蘭手語"] = "ukl",
["烏克蘭語"] = "uk",
["烏利蒂語"] = "uli",
["烏加里特語"] = "uga",
["烏努阿語"] = "onu",
["烏勞-蘇因語"] = "svb",
["烏南巴爾語"] = "wub",
["烏吉爾語"] = "udj",
["烏哈米語"] = "uha",
["烏善語"] = "wnu",
["烏圖語"] = "utu",
["烏基特語"] = "umi",
["烏夸語"] = "ukq",
["烏奎約語"] = "ukh",
["烏尼阿帕語"] = "bbn",
["烏干達手語"] = "ugn",
["烏得穆爾特語"] = "udm",
["烏德蓋語"] = "ude",
["烏拉利語"] = "url",
["烏拉圭手語"] = "ugy",
["烏拉普明語"] = "urm",
["烏拉爾圖語"] = "xur",
["烏拉特語"] = "urt",
["烏拉里納語"] = "ura",
["烏撒納蘇語"] = "yig",
["烏杜克語"] = "udu",
["烏格勒語"] = "uge",
["烏桓語"] = "mis-wuh",
["烏梅達語"] = "upi",
["烏比爾語"] = "ubr",
["烏比語"] = "ubi",
["烏涅梅語"] = "une",
["烏爾奇語"] = "ulc",
["烏爾德美語"] = "udl",
["烏爾瓦語 (尼加拉瓜)"] = "ulw",
["烏爾瓦語 (新幾內亞)"] = "yla",
["烏爾都語"] = "ur",
["烏爾霍博語"] = "urh",
["烏瑪語"] = "ppk",
["烏米萊杜馬加特阿埃塔語"] = "due",
["烏納米語"] = "unm",
["烏納語"] = "mtg",
["烏茲別克語"] = "uz",
["烏茲別克阿拉伯語"] = "auz",
["烏莫蒂納語"] = "umo",
["烏菲姆語"] = "ufi",
["烏蒙語"] = "ywu",
["烏薩魯法語"] = "usa",
["烏語"] = "uuu",
["烏迪語"] = "udi",
["烏達語"] = "uda",
["烏邦語"] = "uba",
["烏里姆語"] = "uri",
["烏里莫語"] = "urx",
["烏雷斯語"] = "msn",
["烏馬蒂拉語"] = "uma",
["烏魯-埃烏-瓦烏瓦烏語"] = "urz",
["烏魯姆語"] = "uum",
["烏魯布-卡波爾語"] = "urb",
["烏魯曼答語"] = "ulm",
["烏魯米語"] = "uru",
["烏魯語"] = "ure",
["烏魯阿瓦語"] = "urv",
["焦恩沙里語"] = "jns",
["焦爾語"] = "xko",
["熱科語"] = "sai-jko",
["爪哇語"] = "jv",
["爾蘇語"] = "ers",
["片語"] = "pyy",
["牙買加克里奧爾語"] = "jam",
["牙買加國家手語"] = "jcs",
["牙買加手語"] = "jls",
["特佩卡諾語"] = "tep",
["特佩托圖特拉奇南特克語"] = "cnt",
["特佩烏希拉奎卡特克語"] = "cux",
["特克帕特蘭托托納克語"] = "tcw",
["特克提特克語"] = "ttc",
["特克斯和凱科斯群島克里奧爾英語"] = "tch",
["特南戈奧托米語"] = "otn",
["特哈拉潘薩波特克語"] = "ztt",
["特奈諾語"] = "tqn",
["特奎斯特拉特克語"] = "nai-teq",
["特奧普語"] = "tio",
["特奧霍姆爾科查蒂諾語"] = "omq-teo",
["特尼斯語"] = "tns",
["特巴特勒巴爾語"] = "tub",
["特拉奇奇爾科特佩瓦語"] = "tpt",
["特拉惠托爾特佩克米塞語"] = "mxp",
["特拉科亞津特佩克奇南特克語"] = "ctl",
["特拉科盧利塔薩波特克語"] = "zpk",
["特拉科阿帕梅帕語"] = "tpl",
["特拉索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mqh",
["特拉語"] = "ttr",
["特拉馬卡薩帕納瓦特爾語"] = "nuz",
["特斯卡特佩克奧托米語"] = "otx",
["特斯梅盧坎薩波特克語"] = "zpz",
["特林吉特語"] = "tli",
["特林語"] = "stg",
["特波斯科盧拉米斯特克語"] = "omq-tel",
["特波里語"] = "tbl",
["特烏蒂拉奎卡特克語"] = "cut",
["特爾納特語"] = "tft",
["特爾薩米語"] = "sjt",
["特爾馬努語"] = "twu",
["特特拉語"] = "tll",
["特特瑟雷特語"] = "tez",
["特瓦納語"] = "twa",
["特瓦語"] = "tew",
["特皮納帕奇南特克語"] = "cte",
["特盧蒂語"] = "tlt",
["特立尼達克里奧爾英語"] = "trf",
["特米亞爾語"] = "tea",
["特米語"] = "soz",
["特索亞特蘭米斯特克語"] = "mxb",
["特索語"] = "teo",
["特翁語"] = "tve",
["特莫亞雅奧托米語"] = "ott",
["特莫克語"] = "tmo",
["特萊爾辛戈納瓦特爾語"] = "nhg",
["特萊福爾語"] = "tlf",
["特薩克尼恩語"] = "tsd",
["特蘭西瓦尼亞薩克森語"] = "gmw-tsx",
["特西斯特佩克波波魯卡語"] = "poq",
["特通特佩克米塞語"] = "mto",
["特達加語"] = "tuq",
["特里穆里斯語"] = "tip",
["特里貝語"] = "tfr",
["特雷文語"] = "twg",
["特雷甘語"] = "trm",
["特馬斯卡爾特佩克納瓦特爾語"] = "nhv",
["特魯卡語"] = "tka",
["特魯邁語"] = "tpy",
["猶加敦瑪雅手語"] = "msd",
["猶太-塔特語"] = "jdt",
["猶太-希臘語"] = "yej",
["猶太-意大利語"] = "itk",
["猶太-波斯語"] = "jpr",
["獨巴語"] = "tpq",
["獨龍語"] = "duu",
["玻利維亞手語"] = "bvl",
["珀塔瓦托米語"] = "pot",
["珂奇拉塔魯語"] = "thq",
["班加拉勒語"] = "pax",
["班加拉語"] = "bxg",
["班加拉陸語"] = "paz",
["班卡語"] = "bxw",
["班塔瓦語"] = "bap",
["班塔雅農語"] = "bfx",
["班孔語"] = "abb",
["班尤馬山語"] = "map-bms",
["班巴拉語"] = "bm",
["班查爾語"] = "pek",
["班查語"] = "bjn",
["班班語"] = "ptu",
["班科手語"] = "bfk",
["班第語"] = "bnq",
["班維語"] = "bmg",
["班詩蘭語"] = "pag",
["班賈朗語"] = "bdy",
["班迪語"] = "bza",
["班迪阿爾語"] = "bqj",
["班達-姆布雷斯語"] = "bqk",
["班達-揚蓋雷語"] = "yaj",
["班達-班達語"] = "bpd",
["班達-馬來語"] = "bpq",
["班達語"] = "bnd",
["班頓語"] = "bno",
["瑙坎語"] = "ynk",
["瑙奧語"] = "nwo",
["瑙納語"] = "ncn",
["瑙魯語"] = "na",
["瑞典手語"] = "swl",
["瑞典語"] = "sv",
["瑞分語"] = "rir",
["瑞士德語手語"] = "sgg",
["瑞士意大利語手語"] = "slf",
["瑞士法國手語"] = "ssr",
["瑟內語"] = "sej",
["瑟爾科南語"] = "ona",
["瑟羅尼亞語"] = "sxl",
["瑟里語"] = "sei",
["瑟麥語"] = "tsb",
["瑤爾語"] = "jau",
["瑪儂拜語"] = "woo",
["瑪哈坎加央語"] = "xay",
["瑪姆烏語"] = "mdi",
["瑪巴佳卡林阿語"] = "kkg",
["瑪拉語"] = "mec",
["瑪曼瓦語"] = "mmn",
["瑪瑪薩語"] = "mqj",
["瑪莎葡萄園島手語"] = "mre",
["瑪里里語"] = "mqi",
["瓊里奧語"] = "njo-jgl",
["瓊里語"] = "jml",
["瓜克語"] = "jgk",
["瓜加加拉語"] = "gub",
["瓜嘉語"] = "gvj",
["瓜多語"] = "gta",
["瓜姆希-烏里語"] = "bga",
["瓜希沃語"] = "guh",
["瓜拉尤語"] = "gyr",
["瓜拉語"] = "alv-gwa",
["瓜薩語"] = "xwa",
["瓜雅貝羅語"] = "guo",
["瓦亞那語"] = "way",
["瓦伊瓦伊語"] = "waw",
["瓦伊語"] = "vai",
["瓦修語"] = "was",
["瓦倫博里語"] = "wsa",
["瓦倫西亞手語"] = "vsv",
["瓦內茨語"] = "wne",
["瓦利奧語"] = "wla",
["瓦利斯語"] = "wls",
["瓦利語"] = "wlx",
["瓦利語 (蘇丹)"] = "wll",
["瓦加亞語"] = "wga",
["瓦加瓦加語"] = "wgb",
["瓦加里博里語"] = "vaa",
["瓦努卡卡語"] = "wnk",
["瓦勞語"] = "wba",
["瓦南布勒語"] = "wnb",
["瓦卡瓦卡語"] = "wkw",
["瓦卡西胡語"] = "alo",
["瓦卡語"] = "wav",
["瓦吉古語"] = "wdu",
["瓦吉吉尼語"] = "wdj",
["瓦吉曼語"] = "waq",
["瓦吉語"] = "fad",
["瓦圖貝拉語"] = "wah",
["瓦埃拉納語"] = "wrx",
["瓦埃馬語"] = "wag",
["瓦奧語"] = "auc",
["瓦尤語"] = "guc",
["瓦尼亞姆語"] = "sai-wnm",
["瓦尼莫語"] = "vam",
["瓦布梅托語"] = "aoz",
["瓦布語"] = "wab",
["瓦思語"] = "wsi",
["瓦戈里語"] = "vgr",
["瓦拉克語"] = "wlw",
["瓦拉普語"] = "wra",
["瓦拉瓦拉語"] = "waa",
["瓦拉語"] = "wbf",
["瓦斯卡勒卡納瓦特爾語"] = "nhq",
["瓦斯基亞語"] = "wsk",
["瓦斯特克語"] = "hus",
["瓦斯科-威什拉姆語"] = "wac",
["瓦明語"] = "wmi",
["瓦朱克語"] = "xwj",
["瓦格迪語"] = "wbr",
["瓦梅薩語"] = "wad",
["瓦森博語"] = "gsp",
["瓦比夏那語"] = "wap",
["瓦法語"] = "waj",
["瓦波語"] = "wao",
["瓦潘語"] = "juk",
["瓦烏特拉馬薩特克語"] = "mau",
["瓦爾-賈因蒂亞語"] = "aml",
["瓦爾丹迪語"] = "wxw",
["瓦爾凱-比皮姆語"] = "bgv",
["瓦爾加馬伊語"] = "wgy",
["瓦爾吉語"] = "wji",
["瓦爾哈迪語"] = "vah",
["瓦爾曼帕語"] = "wrl",
["瓦爾曼語"] = "van",
["瓦爾瓦語"] = "wwr",
["瓦爾皮瑞語"] = "wbp",
["瓦爾達曼語"] = "wrr",
["瓦爾里語"] = "vav",
["瓦爾馬賈里語"] = "wmt",
["瓦瑞克那語"] = "gae",
["瓦瑞瓦瑞語"] = "war",
["瓦瑞索索貢語"] = "srv",
["瓦瑪語"] = "wwa",
["瓦瓜語"] = "tva",
["瓦瓦語"] = "www",
["瓦盧語"] = "lwa",
["瓦科納語"] = "waf",
["瓦穆埃語"] = "uam",
["瓦約利語"] = "wli",
["瓦罕語"] = "wbl",
["瓦羅彭語"] = "wrp",
["瓦芒語"] = "wmn",
["瓦蒂瓦語"] = "wtf",
["瓦薩維語"] = "vas",
["瓦蘇語"] = "wsu",
["瓦西瓦里語"] = "prn",
["瓦語"] = "wan",
["瓦諾語"] = "wno",
["瓦豪加央語"] = "whu",
["瓦豪河-克尼亞語"] = "whk",
["瓦賈班蓋語"] = "wdy",
["瓦賈語"] = "wja",
["瓦賈里語"] = "wbv",
["瓦赫吉語"] = "wgi",
["瓦迪瓦迪語"] = "xwd",
["瓦迪雅拉科里語"] = "kxp",
["瓦達吉納姆語"] = "wdg",
["瓦達爾語"] = "wbq",
["瓦那普語"] = "wnp",
["瓦鄉話"] = "wxa",
["瓦里揚加語"] = "wri",
["瓦里斯語"] = "wrs",
["瓦里泰語"] = "wbe",
["瓦里西語"] = "vrs",
["瓦里語"] = "pav",
["瓦陶隆語"] = "wth",
["瓦隆語"] = "wa",
["瓦魯孟古語"] = "wrm",
["瓦魯瓦拉語"] = "wrb",
["瓦魯納語"] = "wrv",
["瓦魯語"] = "wru",
["瓦龍古語"] = "wrg",
["甘加-巴蘭塔語"] = "bjt",
["甘巴炎語"] = "xem",
["甘扎語"] = "gza",
["甘拜語"] = "sba",
["甘米銀-馬諾博語"] = "mkx",
["甘達基手語"] = "gds",
["留尼旺克里奧爾法語"] = "rcf",
["留米語"] = "ylm",
["畢皮語"] = "biq",
["畢蘇語"] = "bzi",
["畲語"] = "shx",
["當波語"] = "doy",
["登卡語"] = "dnk",
["登嘉樓馬來語"] = "poz-ter",
["登格塞語"] = "dez",
["登迪語"] = "ddn",
["登雅語"] = "anv",
["發貝語"] = "vlp",
["白仡佬語"] = "giw",
["白俄羅斯語"] = "be",
["白拉基語"] = "lwh",
["白沙語"] = "tnp",
["白狼語"] = "tbq-blg",
["白苗語"] = "mww",
["白馬語"] = "bqh",
["百濟語"] = "pkc",
["皮亞蓬語"] = "pcw",
["皮京語"] = "pis",
["皮克特語"] = "xpi",
["皮勒尼語"] = "piv",
["皮卡第語"] = "pcd",
["皮埃蒙特語"] = "pms",
["皮塔-皮塔語"] = "pit",
["皮尼古拉語"] = "pnv",
["皮拉加語"] = "plg",
["皮拉罕語"] = "myp",
["皮斯卡特維語"] = "psy",
["皮欽伊哈語"] = "ihb",
["皮欽利斯語"] = "fpe",
["皮洛語"] = "pib",
["皮烏語"] = "pix",
["皮爾拉塔帕語"] = "bxi",
["皮特凱恩語"] = "pih",
["皮特薩米語"] = "sje",
["皮皮爾語"] = "ppl",
["皮羅語"] = "pie",
["皮蒂語"] = "pcn",
["皮薩博語"] = "pig",
["皮西迪亞語"] = "xps",
["皮詹加加拉語"] = "pjt",
["皮諾特帕納雄耐爾米斯特克語"] = "mio",
["皮里亞語"] = "xpa",
["皮阿梅語"] = "pin",
["皮阿羅阿語"] = "pid",
["皮阿馬次納語"] = "ptr",
["皮馬巴霍語"] = "pia",
["盎格魯羅姆語"] = "rme",
["盧亞納語"] = "lyn",
["盧人語"] = "sit-lrn",
["盧克帕語"] = "dop",
["盧安達手語"] = "rsn",
["盧巴卡丹加語"] = "lu",
["盧布語"] = "lcf",
["盧布阿甘卡林阿語"] = "knb",
["盧希亞語"] = "luy",
["盧干達語"] = "lg",
["盧庫米語"] = "luq",
["盧恩達語"] = "lun",
["盧托斯語"] = "ndy",
["盧敖語"] = "ren",
["盧旺達語"] = "rw",
["盧森堡語"] = "lb",
["盧森尼亞語"] = "rue",
["盧歐語"] = "luo",
["盧沃埃倫語"] = "lwe",
["盧沃語"] = "lwo",
["盧特語"] = "uvl",
["盧瓦萊語"] = "lue",
["盧納納方言"] = "luk",
["盧紹錫德語"] = "lut",
["盧維語"] = "xlu",
["盧萊語"] = "ule",
["盧西坦尼亞語"] = "xls",
["盧西語"] = "khl",
["盧迪茨語"] = "lud",
["盧韋爾語"] = "lvl",
["真克里特語"] = "ecr",
["真塞浦路斯語"] = "ecy",
["石語"] = "skb",
["砂拉越馬來語"] = "poz-sml",
["碧約語"] = "byo",
["祖尼語"] = "zun",
["祖查語"] = "tdr",
["祖瓦拉語"] = "ber-zuw",
["祖魯語"] = "zu",
["福伊語"] = "foi",
["福克斯語"] = "sac",
["福加哈語"] = "ber-fog",
["福奧語"] = "flh",
["福尼歐語"] = "fun",
["福洛巴語"] = "ppo",
["福澤納爾語"] = "frt",
["福爾達塔語"] = "frd",
["秀克朗語"] = "xok",
["科亞佐斯潘米斯特克語"] = "miz",
["科亞特卡斯阿特拉斯薩波特克語"] = "zca",
["科亞特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zps",
["科伊因語"] = "xkc",
["科伊塔布語"] = "kqi",
["科伊巴爾語"] = "zkb",
["科伊瓦特語"] = "kxt",
["科伊科伊語"] = "naq",
["科克語"] = "kou",
["科勒語"] = "keb",
["科卡塔語"] = "ktd",
["科卡馬語"] = "cod",
["科塔瓦語"] = "avk",
["科奇語"] = "kdq",
["科奈語"] = "kxw",
["科尤特拉托托納克語"] = "toc",
["科希斯坦希納語"] = "plk",
["科帕拉特里基語"] = "trc",
["科帕爾語"] = "xop",
["科扎爾特佩克米塞語"] = "pxm",
["科拉克語"] = "hhr",
["科拉米語"] = "kfb",
["科拉語"] = "crn",
["科拉費語"] = "kpr",
["科斯雷恩語"] = "kos",
["科普特語"] = "cop",
["科曼奇語"] = "com",
["科本語"] = "kpw",
["科梵語"] = "con",
["科欣語"] = "kid",
["科洛尼亞托瓦爾德語"] = "gct",
["科洛語"] = "xel",
["科烏語"] = "snz",
["科爾庫語"] = "kfq",
["科爾比拉語"] = "klc",
["科爾瓦語"] = "kfp",
["科爾萊克里奧爾葡萄牙語"] = "vkp",
["科爾語"] = "ekl",
["科爾語 (新幾內亞)"] = "kol",
["科特語"] = "zko",
["科瓦基語"] = "xow",
["科瓦語"] = "khw",
["科盧瓦瓦語"] = "klx",
["科科塔語"] = "kkk",
["科科帕語"] = "coc",
["科科斯馬來語"] = "coa",
["科科達語"] = "xod",
["科約特佩克波波洛卡語"] = "pbf",
["科約語"] = "koh",
["科索萊阿克納瓦特爾語"] = "nhk",
["科維語"] = "kqb",
["科羅斯語"] = "inc-kho",
["科羅米拉語"] = "kqj",
["科羅納達爾-布拉安語"] = "bpr",
["科羅語(西非)"] = "kfo",
["科莫克斯語"] = "coo",
["科莫多語"] = "kvh",
["科菲亞爾語"] = "kwl",
["科蒂語"] = "eko",
["科薩語"] = "xh",
["科西嘉語"] = "co",
["科語"] = "fuj",
["科諾米胡語"] = "nai-knm",
["科諾馬拉語"] = "koa",
["科迪亞語"] = "kwp",
["科迪語"] = "kod",
["科里亞克語"] = "kpy",
["科阿特佩克納瓦特爾語"] = "naz",
["科阿特蘭米塞語"] = "mco",
["科阿薩提語"] = "cku",
["科雷斯埃羅斯塔姆語"] = "okh",
["科韋埃語"] = "kwh",
["科馬爾特佩克-奇南特克語"] = "cco",
["科馬語"] = "kmy",
["科魯博語"] = "xor",
["科魯拉語"] = "ykl",
["科龍語"] = "kyo",
["秘魯手語"] = "prl",
["稿語"] = "gqu",
["穆伊納內語"] = "bmr",
["穆圖凡語"] = "muv",
["穆尤語"] = "myw",
["穆尼特語"] = "mtc",
["穆尼瓦拉語"] = "mwb",
["穆巴米語"] = "tsx",
["穆庫魯語"] = "moz",
["穆德布拉語"] = "dmw",
["穆拉哈語"] = "mfw",
["穆拉塔雅克語"] = "asx",
["穆揚語"] = "muy",
["穆斯克里語"] = "crm",
["穆斯古語"] = "mug",
["穆斯庫姆語"] = "mje",
["穆杜加語"] = "udg",
["穆林帕塔語"] = "mwf",
["穆桑語"] = "mmp",
["穆比語"] = "mub",
["穆爾帕諾語"] = "tkv",
["穆爾萊語"] = "mur",
["穆爾西語"] = "muz",
["穆爾金語"] = "rmh",
["穆瓦塞語"] = "jmw",
["穆盧利吉語"] = "vmu",
["穆穆耶語"] = "mzm",
["穆納語"] = "mnb",
["穆索姆語"] = "msu",
["穆紹-埃米勞語"] = "emi",
["穆菲安語"] = "aoj",
["穆薩爾語"] = "mmi",
["穆薩薩語"] = "smm",
["穆西語"] = "mse",
["穆里克語 (新幾內亞)"] = "mtf",
["穆里克語 (馬來西亞)"] = "mxr",
["穆阿朗語"] = "mtd",
["穆魯伊維托托語"] = "huu",
["穆魯瓦里語"] = "zmu",
["突尼斯阿拉伯語"] = "aeb",
["突尼西亞手語"] = "tse",
["突尼西亞柏柏爾語"] = "sds",
["突尼語"] = "tqq",
["窩里沃語"] = "wlo",
["立窩尼亞語"] = "liv",
["立陶宛手語"] = "lls",
["立陶宛語"] = "lt",
["端語"] = "hld",
["答曼語 (印尼)"] = "tmn",
["答曼語 (緬甸)"] = "tcl",
["策爾塔爾語"] = "tzh",
["米亞瓦特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zam",
["米亞語"] = "mkf",
["米佐語"] = "lus",
["米利語"] = "ymh",
["米加巴克語"] = "mpp",
["米加阿馬語"] = "mmy",
["米南佳保語"] = "min",
["米南語"] = "xrg",
["米卻肯納瓦特爾語"] = "ncl",
["米卻肯馬薩瓦語"] = "mmc",
["米吉語"] = "sjl",
["米圖語"] = "mwu",
["米多比語"] = "mei",
["米奇夫語"] = "crg",
["米安語"] = "mpt",
["米希普語"] = "mjs",
["米拉亞比科爾語"] = "rbl",
["米斯基托語"] = "miq",
["米斯特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mix",
["米斯特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zpm",
["米浪語"] = "tbq-mil",
["米爾圖語"] = "mlj",
["米爾甘語"] = "zrg",
["米特拉薩波特克語"] = "zaw",
["米特拉通戈米斯特克語"] = "vmm",
["米瓦語"] = "vmi",
["米盧克語"] = "iml",
["米約貝語"] = "soy",
["米納維哈語"] = "mvn",
["米蘭德斯語"] = "mwl",
["米西馬-帕奈阿蒂語"] = "mpx",
["米諾斯語"] = "omn",
["米諾科克語"] = "mqq",
["米辛語"] = "mrg",
["米里蒂語"] = "mmv",
["米雷語"] = "mvh",
["米齊梅那加語"] = "nme",
["粗腰語"] = "cin",
["粟特語"] = "sog",
["粵語"] = "yue",
["約依迪克語"] = "ydk",
["約凱語"] = "yki",
["約巴語"] = "yob",
["約拉語"] = "yol",
["約旦手語"] = "jos",
["約松杜亞米斯特克語"] = "mpm",
["約洛索奇特爾米斯特克語"] = "xty",
["約爾塔約爾塔語"] = "xyy",
["約爾莫語"] = "scp",
["約福特克-布羅姆尼亞語"] = "jbr",
["約魯巴語"] = "yo",
["紅仡佬語"] = "gir",
["紅金傣語"] = "tiz",
["納倫加語"] = "nnr",
["納凡拉語"] = "nfr",
["納利克語"] = "nal",
["納利語"] = "nss",
["納加爾恰爾語"] = "nbg",
["納努拜語"] = "afk",
["納勒戈語"] = "nlz",
["納卡伊語"] = "nkj",
["納卡拉語"] = "nck",
["納卡梅語"] = "nib",
["納卡納伊語"] = "nak",
["納古米語"] = "ngv",
["納哈瓦克語"] = "sns",
["納基語"] = "mff",
["納姆博語"] = "ncm",
["納姆拉語"] = "naa",
["納巴語"] = "mne",
["納希奧伊語"] = "nas",
["納德布語"] = "mbj",
["納拉甘塞特語"] = "xnt",
["納斯卡皮語"] = "nsk",
["納普語"] = "npy",
["納木依語"] = "nmy",
["納洛姆語"] = "nrm",
["納爾卡語"] = "nlc",
["納特尼語"] = "ntm",
["納瓦拉-阿拉貢語"] = "roa-ona",
["納瓦特爾語"] = "nah",
["納瓦霍語"] = "nv",
["納瓦魯語"] = "nwr",
["納盎德昂語"] = "pll",
["納米比亞手語"] = "nbs",
["納羅語"] = "nhr",
["納美語"] = "art-nav",
["納若語"] = "ylo",
["納莫語"] = "mxw",
["納菲語"] = "srf",
["納蘇語"] = "ywq",
["納西語"] = "nxq",
["納語"] = "nbt",
["納赫蒂加爾米米語"] = "mis-mmn",
["納里姆語"] = "loh",
["紐埃語"] = "niu",
["紐阿富語"] = "num",
["紐阿托普塔普語"] = "nkp",
["索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語"] = "vmq",
["索亞爾特佩克馬薩特克語"] = "vmp",
["索伊語"] = "syo",
["索倫語"] = "tuw-sol",
["索克納語"] = "swn",
["索克語"] = "skk",
["索加語"] = "xog",
["索奇亞帕姆奇南特克語"] = "cso",
["索姆拉語"] = "ntx",
["索姆語"] = "smc",
["索尼基語"] = "snk",
["索拉什特拉語"] = "saz",
["索拉語"] = "srb",
["索拉諾語"] = "xso",
["索斯昆蒂語"] = "sdk",
["索洛斯語"] = "sol",
["索爾索貢-艾塔語"] = "ays",
["索爾赫伊語"] = "sqo",
["索瓦語"] = "sww",
["索科特拉語"] = "sqt",
["索科羅語"] = "sok",
["索科語"] = "soc",
["索萬達語"] = "sow",
["索語"] = "sox",
["索貝語"] = "sob",
["索里-哈林甘語"] = "sbh",
["索阿語"] = "ssq",
["索隆巴拉英語"] = "crp-slb",
["索隆語"] = "aaw",
["索雷爾港語"] = "xpl",
["索馬里語"] = "so",
["紹拉加語"] = "sle",
["紹爾語"] = "cjs",
["紹西語"] = "ssj",
["紹里亞帕哈里亞語"] = "mjt",
["絨巴語"] = "lep",
["維克-埃帕語"] = "wie",
["維克-梅安哈語"] = "wih",
["維克-蒙坎語"] = "wim",
["維克-雅塔納語"] = "wig",
["維克恩根切拉語"] = "wua",
["維利切語"] = "huh",
["維利語"] = "vif",
["維加里語"] = "wbk",
["維卡爾坎語"] = "wik",
["維吾爾語"] = "ug",
["維圖語"] = "wiv",
["維奇拉姆特斯圭斯奈語"] = "mzh",
["維奇拉姆特斯諾克滕語"] = "mtp",
["維奇拉姆特斯韋霍斯語"] = "wlv",
["維拉維拉語"] = "wil",
["維拉莫維安語"] = "wym",
["維斯提奈語"] = "xvs",
["維普斯語"] = "vep",
["維爾京群島克里奧爾荷蘭語"] = "dcr",
["維爾辛語"] = "kvw",
["維皮語"] = "gdr",
["維約特語"] = "wiy",
["維萊拉語"] = "vil",
["維蒂語"] = "vit",
["維薩伊語"] = "uis",
["維蘭古語"] = "wgu",
["維道語"] = "wed",
["維達語"] = "ved",
["維魯語"] = "wiu",
["綽斯甲語"] = "jiq",
["綽闊語"] = "yzk",
["線形文字A"] = "lab",
["緬甸語"] = "my",
["羅克普語"] = "lhp",
["羅圖馬語"] = "rtm",
["羅姆希臘語"] = "rge",
["羅姆語"] = "rom",
["羅姆語-塞爾維亞語"] = "rsb",
["羅托卡特語"] = "roo",
["羅拉語"] = "lcd",
["羅曼什語"] = "rm",
["羅泊河苗語"] = "hml",
["羅瓦語"] = "rwk",
["羅督語"] = "dtr",
["羅維阿納語"] = "rug",
["羅興亞語"] = "rhg",
["羅莫科多語"] = "mgc",
["羅里亞語"] = "rga",
["羅馬尼亞手語"] = "rms",
["羅馬尼亞語"] = "ro",
["羅馬涅語"] = "rgn",
["羌塘語"] = "cna",
["美國手語"] = "ase",
["美塔語"] = "mgo",
["美屬維爾京群島克里奧爾語"] = "vic",
["美索不達米亞阿拉伯語"] = "acm",
["義都語"] = "clk",
["羯語"] = "mis-jie",
["翁奇語"] = "oon",
["翁布里亞語"] = "xum",
["翁皮拉語"] = "ump",
["翁蒂姆語"] = "gwm",
["翁通爪哇語"] = "ojv",
["老撾手語"] = "lso",
["老撾語"] = "lo",
["老潘語"] = "lbg",
["老緬語"] = "lwm",
["考利茲語"] = "cow",
["考爾納語"] = "zku",
["考蓋爾語"] = "ubu",
["考語"] = "xao",
["考韋拉語"] = "xau",
["考龍語"] = "pss",
["耶伊語"] = "jei",
["耶克伊語"] = "ets",
["耶夸納語"] = "mch",
["耶姆巴語"] = "ybb",
["耶姆特蘭語"] = "gmq-jmk",
["耶姆薩語"] = "jnj",
["耶容語"] = "yrn",
["耶尼語"] = "yei",
["耶庫阿特拉托托納克語"] = "tlc",
["耶斯夸語"] = "yes",
["耶洛古語"] = "ylg",
["耶爾梅克語"] = "jel",
["耶特法語"] = "yet",
["耶科拉語"] = "ykr",
["耶里多涅語"] = "yle",
["耶魯庫拉語"] = "yeu",
["聖伊內斯亞切奇薩波特克語"] = "zpn",
["聖伊內斯阿瓦特姆潘波波洛卡語"] = "pca",
["聖佩德羅基亞托尼薩波特克語"] = "zpf",
["聖保羅坎剛語"] = "zkp",
["聖卡塔里納阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語"] = "ztn",
["聖地亞哥拉帕吉亞薩波特克語"] = "ztl",
["聖地亞哥薩尼卡薩波特克語"] = "zpr",
["聖多明各阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語"] = "zas",
["聖多美語"] = "cri",
["聖巴爾塔扎洛希查薩波特克語"] = "zpx",
["聖彼德羅阿穆茲戈語"] = "azg",
["聖文森克里奧爾語"] = "svc",
["聖比森特科亞特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zpt",
["聖特雷莎科拉語"] = "cok",
["聖瑪利亞基耶戈拉尼薩波特克語"] = "zpi",
["聖瑪利亞山區納瓦特爾語"] = "nhz",
["聖瑪利亞薩卡特佩克米斯特克語"] = "mza",
["聖盧西亞蒙泰韋爾米斯特克語"] = "mdv",
["聖米格爾克里奧爾法語"] = "scf",
["聖米格爾彼德拉斯-米斯特克語"] = "xtp",
["聖胡安基阿伊赫查蒂諾語"] = "omq-sjq",
["聖胡安格拉維亞薩波特克語"] = "zab",
["聖胡安泰塔米斯特克語"] = "xtj",
["聖胡安科羅拉多米斯特克語"] = "mjc",
["聖胡安阿欽戈波波洛卡語"] = "poe",
["聖費利佩奧特拉特佩克波波洛卡語"] = "pow",
["聖赫羅尼莫特科阿特爾馬薩特克語"] = "maa",
["聖路易特馬拉卡約卡波波洛卡語"] = "pps",
["聖阿古斯丁米斯特佩克薩波特克語"] = "ztm",
["聖馬丁伊通約索特里基語"] = "trq",
["聖馬科斯特拉爾科亞爾科波波洛卡語"] = "pls",
["聰加語"] = "ts",
["肖尼語"] = "sjw",
["肯休語"] = "kns",
["肯加語"] = "kyq",
["肯卡語"] = "xkf",
["肯圖伊克語"] = "kmt",
["肯姆布拉語"] = "xkw",
["肯尼亞手語"] = "xki",
["肯托赫-巴蘭塔語"] = "ble",
["肯揚語"] = "ken",
["肯貝拉諾語"] = "bzp",
["肯達揚語"] = "knx",
["胡亞雷斯山薩波特克語"] = "zaa",
["胡利語"] = "hui",
["胡基拉米塞語"] = "mxq",
["胡奧盧語"] = "hud",
["胡帕語"] = "hup",
["胡庫米納語"] = "huw",
["胡志明市手語"] = "hos",
["胡普拉語"] = "hap",
["胡普語"] = "jup",
["胡梅內語"] = "huf",
["胡特利特德語"] = "geh",
["胡老拉語"] = "huy",
["胡蒂亞帕語"] = "nai-jtp",
["胡邁佩特克語"] = "nai-jum",
["胡里安語"] = "xhu",
["胡阿齊派爾語"] = "hug",
["胡隆語"] = "huk",
["脫潑語"] = "ytp",
["腓尼基語"] = "phn",
["膠州灣洋涇浜德語"] = "crp-kia",
["臘斯語"] = "lss",
["臘芒語"] = "hia",
["臨高語"] = "onb",
["臺灣手語"] = "tss",
["與論語"] = "yox",
["與那國語"] = "yoi",
["興古河阿蘇里尼語"] = "asn",
["舍朱奔語"] = "sdp",
["舍澤語"] = "sze",
["舍赫維語"] = "sfw",
["舒亞語"] = "shg",
["舒什瓦普語"] = "shs",
["舒格南語"] = "sgh",
["舒阿爾語"] = "jiv",
["舒馬斯梯語"] = "sts",
["色勒庫爾語"] = "srh",
["色當語"] = "sed",
["色蓋語"] = "sge",
["色雷斯語"] = "txh",
["艾努語"] = "aib",
["艾卡朱克語"] = "eka",
["艾嘎嫩語"] = "tba",
["艾布格胡語"] = "ebg",
["艾瑪語"] = "aad",
["艾盧語"] = "elu",
["艾米利亞語"] = "egl",
["艾莫爾語"] = "aim",
["艾西語"] = "ahs",
["艾貢語"] = "aix",
["艾通語"] = "aio",
["艾雷語"] = "twp",
["艾馬拉語"] = "ay",
["芒加萊語"] = "mqy",
["芒布圖語"] = "mdk",
["芒戈語"] = "lol",
["芒森語"] = "mbh",
["芒語"] = "mtq",
["芒貝圖語"] = "mdj",
["芬戈語"] = "gmw-fin",
["芬蘭-瑞典手語"] = "fss",
["芬蘭手語"] = "fse",
["芬蘭羅姆語"] = "rmf",
["芬蘭語"] = "fi",
["芬貝語"] = "agl",
["花剌子模突厥語"] = "zkh",
["花剌子模語"] = "xco",
["芳語"] = "fan",
["若買德昂語"] = "rbb",
["若開語"] = "rki",
["苦聰話"] = "lkc",
["英加爾達語"] = "yia",
["英國手語"] = "bfi",
["英格里亞語"] = "izh",
["英語"] = "en",
["茂奇語"] = "mke",
["茨姆錫安語"] = "tsi",
["茨瓦納語"] = "tn",
["茨茨普語"] = "awc",
["茨韋布瓦穆語"] = "bwy",
["茲梁科米語"] = "kpv",
["茶堡話"] = "sit-jap",
["茶洞語"] = "cdy",
["茹馬語"] = "jua",
["草登話"] = "sit-tsh",
["草苗語"] = "cov",
["荷蘭語"] = "nl",
["莆仙語"] = "cpx",
["莫亞丹伊特內格語"] = "ity",
["莫儂語"] = "moo",
["莫克-阿里阿語"] = "mwh",
["莫克普韋語"] = "bri",
["莫克朗語"] = "mft",
["莫克沙語"] = "mdf",
["莫其語"] = "old",
["莫利吉語"] = "mdb",
["莫利馬語"] = "mox",
["莫努姆博語"] = "mxk",
["莫卡納語"] = "sai-mcn",
["莫古姆語"] = "mou",
["莫哈維語"] = "mov",
["莫喬語"] = "mhc",
["莫圖語"] = "meu",
["莫埃萊語"] = "mvq",
["莫基爾語"] = "mkj",
["莫塔拉瓦語"] = "mlv",
["莫塔語"] = "mtt",
["莫奇卡語"] = "omc",
["莫尼語"] = "mnz",
["莫巴語"] = "mfq",
["莫布語"] = "ahm",
["莫希干語"] = "mjy",
["莫愛利科摩羅語"] = "wlc",
["莫拉勒語"] = "mbe",
["莫拉瓦語"] = "mze",
["莫斯科納語"] = "mtj",
["莫札拉布語"] = "mxi",
["莫桑比克手語"] = "mzy",
["莫比爾語"] = "mod",
["莫洛夫語"] = "msl",
["莫洛科語"] = "mlw",
["莫洛語"] = "zmo",
["莫潘瑪雅語"] = "mop",
["莫爾伯語"] = "pwm",
["莫爾莫-奧內語"] = "aun",
["莫爾語 (南島語系)"] = "mhz",
["莫爾語 (巴布亞諸語言)"] = "moq",
["莫特洛克語"] = "mrl",
["莫當語"] = "mxd",
["莫科維語"] = "moc",
["莫穆納語"] = "mqf",
["莫米納語"] = "mmb",
["莫維瑪語"] = "mzp",
["莫羅語"] = "mor",
["莫肯語"] = "mwt",
["莫西干-佩科特語"] = "xpq",
["莫西莫語"] = "mqv",
["莫西語"] = "mos",
["莫語"] = "mkg",
["莫里奧里語"] = "rrm",
["莫雷洛斯納瓦特爾語"] = "nhm",
["莫雷雷比語"] = "xmo",
["莫霍克語"] = "moh",
["莫馬雷語"] = "msz",
["莫魯語"] = "mgd",
["莽語"] = "zng",
["華瓦語"] = "hoa",
["華納語"] = "hwo",
["華韋語"] = "huv",
["菲帕語"] = "fip",
["菲律賓手語"] = "psp",
["菲洛梅納-馬塔-科阿維特蘭托托納克語"] = "tlp",
["菲農甘語"] = "fag",
["萊勞奇南特克語"] = "cle",
["萊博語"] = "agb",
["萊右洛語"] = "lji",
["萊哈利語"] = "tql",
["萊塞語"] = "les",
["萊昂語"] = "roa-leo",
["萊武卡語"] = "lvu",
["萊科語"] = "lkl",
["萊米奧語"] = "lei",
["萊茵法蘭克尼亞語"] = "gmw-rfr",
["萊萊帕語"] = "lpa",
["萊辛-戈利米語"] = "let",
["萬努語"] = "jub",
["萬古努語"] = "mpr",
["萬尼語"] = "wny",
["萬巴亞語"] = "wmb",
["萬托阿特語"] = "wnc",
["萬普爾語"] = "waz",
["萬曼語"] = "wbt",
["萬達拉語"] = "mfi",
["萬達朗語"] = "wnd",
["萬達語"] = "wbh",
["萬邦語"] = "wms",
["萬鴉老馬來語"] = "xmm",
["葉尼什語"] = "yec",
["葉語"] = "jeh",
["葛林芝語"] = "kvr",
["葡萄牙手語"] = "psr",
["葡萄牙語"] = "pt",
["蒂亞巴語"] = "ahi",
["蒂伊語"] = "txq",
["蒂南語"] = "lbf",
["蒂哈爾特佩克米斯特克語"] = "xtl",
["蒂多雷語"] = "tvo",
["蒂拉帕奧托米語"] = "otl",
["蒂昂語"] = "tbj",
["蒂爾基亞潘薩波特克語"] = "zts",
["蒂科皮亞語"] = "tkp",
["蒂穆貢穆魯特語"] = "tih",
["蒂莫特語"] = "sai-tim",
["蒂達亞米斯特克語"] = "mtx",
["蒂馬語"] = "tms",
["蒂魯賴語"] = "tiy",
["蒙加卡語"] = "mhk",
["蒙古手語"] = "msr",
["蒙古語"] = "mn",
["蒙基普語"] = "mpv",
["蒙大拿薩利希語"] = "fla",
["蒙大拿語"] = "moe",
["蒙戈勒語"] = "mhj",
["蒙托爾語"] = "mtl",
["蒙當語"] = "mua",
["蒙貢多語"] = "mog",
["蒙賈尼語"] = "mnj",
["蒙達尼語"] = "mnf",
["蒙達布利語"] = "boe",
["蒙達特語"] = "mmf",
["蒙達里語"] = "unr",
["蒙邦語"] = "mij",
["蒙雷語"] = "tlq",
["蓋亞那克里奧爾英語"] = "gyn",
["蓋曼特語"] = "ahg",
["蓋瑟亞語"] = "ges",
["蔡家話"] = "sit-cai",
["蕩格馬利語"] = "raa",
["薩佩語"] = "spc",
["薩克語"] = "sak",
["薩加拉語"] = "sbm",
["薩努馬語"] = "xsu",
["薩卡塔語"] = "skt",
["薩卡姆語"] = "skm",
["薩卡普爾泰克語"] = "quv",
["薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語"] = "ctz",
["薩卡車普語"] = "sch",
["薩圖馬雷施瓦本語"] = "gmw-stm",
["薩埃普語"] = "spd",
["薩塔瓦爾語"] = "stw",
["薩夫瓦語"] = "sbk",
["薩奇拉薩波特克語"] = "ztx",
["薩姆語"] = "raq",
["薩尼奇語"] = "str",
["薩尼約-希耶維語"] = "sny",
["薩尼薩薩波特克語"] = "zpw",
["薩巴語"] = "saa",
["薩布魯語"] = "saq",
["薩帕拉語"] = "sai-sap",
["薩帕魯亞語"] = "spr",
["薩拉卡語"] = "thk",
["薩拉西拉語"] = "zsa",
["薩拉語"] = "sre",
["薩拉馬卡語"] = "srm",
["薩摩亞種植園皮欽語"] = "crp-spp",
["薩摩亞語"] = "sm",
["薩斯昆漢諾克語"] = "sqn",
["薩普安語"] = "spu",
["薩比尼語"] = "sbv",
["薩沃薩沃語"] = "svs",
["薩法利巴語"] = "saf",
["薩波尼語"] = "spi",
["薩波特克語"] = "zap",
["薩波薩語"] = "sps",
["薩波語"] = "sbf",
["薩烏塞語"] = "sao",
["薩爾特-尤伊語"] = "sll",
["薩爾瓦多手語"] = "esn",
["薩爾語"] = "mwm",
["薩爾里語"] = "sdf",
["薩特弗里斯蘭語"] = "stq",
["薩瓦伊語"] = "szw",
["薩盧亞語"] = "swy",
["薩盧安語"] = "loe",
["薩約拉波波魯卡語"] = "pos",
["薩納帕納語"] = "spn",
["薩維語"] = "saw",
["薩考語"] = "sku",
["薩胡語"] = "saj",
["薩莫吉提亞語"] = "sgs",
["薩莫薩語"] = "swm",
["薩莫語"] = "smq",
["薩菲吉語"] = "cof",
["薩菲約卡語"] = "apz",
["薩菲薩菲語"] = "sav",
["薩萊曼語"] = "sau",
["薩薩克語"] = "sas",
["薩薩里語"] = "sdc",
["薩薩魯語"] = "sxs",
["薩蘭加尼-馬諾博語"] = "mbs",
["薩蘭尼加-布拉安語"] = "bps",
["薩西語"] = "srs",
["薩語"] = "sax",
["薩赫威格貝語"] = "sxw",
["薩達尼薩波特克語"] = "zax",
["薩達里語"] = "sck",
["薩那吉亞薩波特克語"] = "ztg",
["薩阿語"] = "apb",
["薩霍語"] = "ssy",
["薩馬羅克納語"] = "tmj",
["薩馬語"] = "smd",
["薩魯加語"] = "sra",
["薩魯杜語"] = "sdu",
["薩鮑特語"] = "spy",
["藏斯卡語"] = "zau",
["藏瓦爾語"] = "zah",
["藏語"] = "bo",
["藏雄語"] = "jna",
["藻敏語"] = "bpn",
["蘇丹阿拉伯語"] = "apd",
["蘇亞語"] = "suy",
["蘇加語"] = "sgi",
["蘇努姆語"] = "ymn",
["蘇埃納語"] = "sue",
["蘇基語"] = "sui",
["蘇多維亞語"] = "xsv",
["蘇奧語"] = "swp",
["蘇巴庫爾語"] = "sbj",
["蘇巴語"] = "sxb",
["蘇庫爾語"] = "syk",
["蘇庫語"] = "sub",
["蘇庫馬語"] = "suk",
["蘇庫魯姆語"] = "zsu",
["蘇戈喬薩波特克語"] = "zpq",
["蘇拉語"] = "szn",
["蘇格蘭蓋爾語"] = "gd",
["蘇比亞語"] = "sbs",
["蘇毛語"] = "six",
["蘇洛德語"] = "srg",
["蘇爾卡語"] = "sua",
["蘇爾蘇隆嘉語"] = "sgz",
["蘇爾賈普里語"] = "sjp",
["蘇瓦瓦語"] = "swu",
["蘇甘加語"] = "sug",
["蘇皮爾語"] = "spp",
["蘇納姆語"] = "ssk",
["蘇美爾語"] = "sux",
["蘇蘇語"] = "sus",
["蘇蘇阿米語"] = "ssu",
["蘇里南湯加語"] = "srn",
["蘇里語"] = "suq",
["蘇里高農語"] = "sgd",
["蘇阿博語"] = "szp",
["蘇魯布語"] = "sde",
["蘇龍語"] = "suv",
["蘭加姆語"] = "lnm",
["蘭博語"] = "rof",
["蘭巴舍語"] = "lna",
["蘭巴蒂語"] = "lmn",
["蘭巴語"] = "lam",
["蘭戈語 (烏干達)"] = "laj",
["蘭戈語 (蘇丹)"] = "lno",
["蘭達語"] = "lah",
["蘭馬語"] = "lev",
["蠻杜拉枯語"] = "myu",
["行彤傣語"] = "tpo",
["衛吉語"] = "wgo",
["衛朗語"] = "weu",
["補遠基諾語"] = "jiy",
["西亞內語"] = "snp",
["西亞隆語"] = "slw",
["西代語"] = "xsd",
["西伍語"] = "akp",
["西伯利亞韃靼語"] = "sty",
["西佛蘭德語"] = "vls",
["西克耶語"] = "kyu",
["西凱雷斯語"] = "kjq",
["西切爾克斯語"] = "ady",
["西利普特語"] = "mkc",
["西努法納語"] = "sai-sin",
["西北丁卡語"] = "diw",
["西北奧吉布瓦語"] = "ojb",
["西北帕沙伊語"] = "glh",
["西北法爾斯語"] = "faz",
["西北瓦哈卡米斯特克語"] = "mxa",
["西北葛巴亞語"] = "gya",
["西北邁杜語"] = "mjd",
["西南丁卡語"] = "dik",
["西南坦納語"] = "nwi",
["西南塔拉烏馬拉語"] = "twr",
["西南巴拉望語"] = "plv",
["西南帕沙伊語"] = "psh",
["西南惠水苗語"] = "hmh",
["西南法爾斯語"] = "fay",
["西南特佩瓦語"] = "tla",
["西南特拉夏科米斯特克語"] = "meh",
["西南葛巴亞語"] = "gso",
["西南貴陽苗語"] = "hmg",
["西南邦托克語"] = "vbk",
["西占語"] = "cja",
["西卡亞納語"] = "sky",
["西卡拉博羅語"] = "kza",
["西卡語"] = "ski",
["西卡里泰語"] = "tty",
["西古語"] = "sxe",
["西古隆語"] = "gvr",
["西塔烏碧語"] = "twb",
["西塔蘭甘語"] = "txn",
["西夏語"] = "txg",
["西奧吉布瓦語"] = "ojw",
["西奧納語"] = "snn",
["西奧語"] = "xsi",
["西威語"] = "siz",
["西安加爾語"] = "akh",
["西寧科勒語"] = "skq",
["西尤斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語"] = "jmx",
["西尼卡瓦米斯特克語"] = "xti",
["西布基農-馬諾博語"] = "mbb",
["西布魯語"] = "brv",
["西希卡克語"] = "nai-wji",
["西帕巴特卡姆語"] = "kjl",
["西庫爾語"] = "scx",
["西庫爾阿拉伯語"] = "sqr",
["西庫萊語"] = "skh",
["西弗里斯蘭語"] = "fy",
["西懷語"] = "siw",
["西戈都語"] = "kuf",
["西托托納克語"] = "tqt",
["西拉卡約亞潘米斯特克語"] = "mks",
["西拉威語"] = "lcp",
["西拉語 (漢藏語系)"] = "slt",
["西拉語 (班圖語支)"] = "swj",
["西拉雅語"] = "fos",
["西斐濟語"] = "wyy",
["西方國際語"] = "ie",
["西曼丁哥語"] = "mlq",
["西杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語"] = "azn",
["西格陵蘭皮欽語"] = "crp-gep",
["西桑海語"] = "khq",
["西梅庫語"] = "smz",
["西梅瓦杭語"] = "raf",
["西波克倫語"] = "pwo",
["西海岸巴瑤語"] = "bdr",
["西烏斯勞語"] = "sis",
["西烏瓦語"] = "tnb",
["西烏韋阿語"] = "uve",
["西爾毛里語"] = "srx",
["西玻利維亞瓜拉尼語"] = "gnw",
["西珀南語"] = "pne",
["西班牙手語"] = "ssp",
["西班牙語"] = "es",
["西現代亞拉姆語"] = "amw",
["西瑙高羅語"] = "snc",
["西瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語"] = "nhw",
["西科特佩克-德華雷斯托托納克語"] = "too",
["西穆里亞語"] = "mut",
["西納西納語"] = "sst",
["西維亞手語"] = "lsv",
["西羅伊語"] = "ssd",
["西臘魯語"] = "ywl",
["西萊尼克語"] = "ysr",
["西薩拉語"] = "sld",
["西薩諾語"] = "sso",
["西藏手語"] = "lsn",
["西蘇巴農語"] = "suc",
["西西里語"] = "scn",
["西西里高盧-意大利語"] = "roa-gis",
["西谷-巴當語"] = "skx",
["西谷-德雅語"] = "sko",
["西達尼語"] = "dnw",
["西達芒語"] = "tdg",
["西達馬爾語"] = "drn",
["西那更語"] = "siu",
["西部湘西苗語"] = "muq",
["西部裕固語"] = "ybe",
["西部高地查蒂諾語"] = "ctp",
["西部麻山苗語"] = "hmw",
["西里亞諾語"] = "sri",
["西里奧諾語"] = "srq",
["西里莫語"] = "wul",
["西里西亞語"] = "szl",
["西錫薩拉語"] = "ssl",
["西阿帕契語"] = "apw",
["西阿爾拜比科爾語"] = "fbl",
["西阿蘭達語"] = "are",
["西馬嘉爾語"] = "mrd",
["西馬基安語"] = "mqs",
["西馬塞拉語"] = "mss",
["西馬語"] = "sie",
["西馬里語"] = "mrj",
["西馬隆貢巴塔克語"] = "bts",
["角苗語"] = "hrm",
["設德蘭語"] = "scz",
["許庫魯斯語"] = "xoo",
["詹代語"] = "jan",
["詹普巴爾普古語"] = "djr",
["詹貢語"] = "djf",
["誒話"] = "eee",
["諾博諾布語"] = "gaw",
["諾帕拉查蒂諾語"] = "cya",
["諾庫庫語"] = "nkk",
["諾恩語"] = "nrn",
["諾拉語"] = "nrr",
["諾曼語"] = "nrf",
["諾特勒語"] = "bly",
["諾特威-梅赫林語"] = "nwy",
["諾特威語"] = "ntw",
["諾維亞語"] = "nov",
["諾茨語"] = "ncf",
["諾蓋語"] = "nog",
["謝凡提語"] = "xer",
["謝努瓦語"] = "cnu",
["謝卡楚語"] = "moy",
["謝古語"] = "tkz",
["謝巴約語"] = "awd-she",
["謝希卡姆語"] = "kip",
["謝科語"] = "she",
["謝達語"] = "xet",
["豐瓦語"] = "ula",
["豐語"] = "fon",
["象雄語"] = "xzh",
["豪尼語"] = "how",
["豪薩手語"] = "hsl",
["豪薩語"] = "ha",
["貝亞米語"] = "beo",
["貝克維爾語"] = "bkw",
["貝內拉夫語"] = "bnv",
["貝利語"] = "blm",
["貝勞馬來語"] = "bve",
["貝塔夫語"] = "bfe",
["貝塔庫魯姆巴語"] = "xub",
["貝夸瓦拉語"] = "bkv",
["貝奧圖克語"] = "bue",
["貝扎語"] = "bej",
["貝托伊語"] = "sai-bet",
["貝拉庫拉語"] = "blc",
["貝拉斯語"] = "brs",
["貝拉科語"] = "bxv",
["貝拉語"] = "brf",
["貝拉里語"] = "brw",
["貝拉里雅語"] = "byw",
["貝斯梅語"] = "bes",
["貝格語"] = "gmw-bgh",
["貝梭阿語"] = "bep",
["貝比爾語"] = "bxp",
["貝爾特克里奧爾語"] = "art-bel",
["貝特語"] = "byf",
["貝納語"] = "bez",
["貝納貝納語"] = "bef",
["貝萊語"] = "bhy",
["貝貝利語"] = "bek",
["貝貝勒語"] = "beb",
["貝貝語"] = "bzv",
["貝都安納斯語"] = "bed",
["貝里克語"] = "bkl",
["貝里語"] = "bey",
["貢古語"] = "rub",
["貢語 (泰國)"] = "ugo",
["貢語 (越南)"] = "cnc",
["貢賈語"] = "gjn",
["貢邦加爾語"] = "kgs",
["貴喬語"] = "dkr",
["貴瓊語"] = "gqi",
["費蓮達島語"] = "fln",
["費費語"] = "fmp",
["賈亞語"] = "jyy",
["賈卡魯語"] = "jqr",
["賈姆賽語"] = "djm",
["賈德加里語"] = "jdg",
["賈德語"] = "jda",
["賈拉語"] = "jaf",
["賈明瓊語"] = "djd",
["賈普雷里亞語"] = "jru",
["賈海語"] = "jhi",
["賈爾奧尤語"] = "awv",
["賈爾庫南語"] = "bxl",
["賈瑪瑪蒂語"] = "jaa",
["賈維語"] = "djw",
["賈肯克語"] = "jad",
["賈胡特語"] = "jah",
["賈萬語"] = "djn",
["賈貝姆語"] = "jae",
["賈賈伍龍語"] = "dja",
["賈韋語"] = "jaz",
["賈魯語"] = "ddj",
["賓吉語"] = "bpj",
["賓夕法尼亞德語"] = "pdc",
["賓達爾語"] = "xbd",
["賓陶納語"] = "bne",
["賽伯伊語"] = "xsa",
["賽夏語"] = "xsy",
["賽德克語"] = "trv",
["賽納語"] = "seh",
["賽莫德語"] = "sem-tha",
["贊多語"] = "dzn",
["贊巴語"] = "dhm",
["贊德語"] = "zne",
["贊比亞手語"] = "zsl",
["贛語"] = "gan",
["赫哲語"] = "gld",
["赫孔索語"] = "anl",
["赫有語"] = "auk",
["赫朗科爾語"] = "hra",
["赫梯語"] = "hit",
["赫爾尼基語"] = "xhr",
["赫特文語"] = "hrt",
["赫班語"] = "hbn",
["赫瓦爾什語"] = "khv",
["赫瓦語"] = "ham",
["赫米特語"] = "llf",
["赫維羅語"] = "jeb",
["赫耶語"] = "hre",
["赫赫語"] = "heh",
["赫迪語"] = "xed",
["赫隆語"] = "heg",
["赫雷羅語"] = "hz",
["赫雷語"] = "hro",
["赫馬爾語"] = "hmr",
["赫魯索語"] = "hru",
["越南語"] = "vi",
["跨恩斯話"] = "ykn",
["跨瑪斯話"] = "yku",
["跨語言"] = "mul",
["路易塞諾語"] = "lui",
["路易斯安那克里奧爾法語"] = "lou",
["車臣語"] = "ce",
["車蘇語"] = "ych",
["載瓦語"] = "atb",
["辛博語"] = "sbb",
["辛巴里語"] = "smb",
["辛布里語"] = "cim",
["辛比蒂-蘇巴語"] = "ssc",
["辛特羅姆語"] = "rmo",
["辛特語"] = "smt",
["辛迪維米斯特克語"] = "xts",
["辛達林語"] = "sjn",
["辛雅爾語"] = "sys",
["辛頗語"] = "sgp",
["農加利語"] = "nug",
["農巴米語"] = "sij",
["農貢語"] = "paa-nun",
["近世朝鮮語"] = "ko-ear",
["迦勒底新亞拉姆語"] = "cld",
["迦摩縷波普拉克里特語"] = "inc-kam",
["迦龍語"] = "adl",
["迪亞布蓋語"] = "dyy",
["迪亞貝爾迪亞貝爾語"] = "dyb",
["迪伊語"] = "dur",
["迪內奧爾語"] = "mrx",
["迪博語"] = "dio",
["迪埃里語"] = "dif",
["迪奧迪奧語"] = "ddi",
["迪奧里語"] = "der",
["迪安語"] = "dya",
["迪尤拉語"] = "dyu",
["迪尤貢語"] = "dyd",
["迪巴巴旺-馬諾博語"] = "mbd",
["迪戈語"] = "dig",
["迪拉沙語"] = "gdl",
["迪提達語"] = "dtd",
["迪揚加迪語"] = "dyn",
["迪梅語"] = "dim",
["迪津語"] = "mdx",
["迪烏斯-蒂蘭通戈米斯特克語"] = "xtd",
["迪爾巴爾語"] = "dbl",
["迪維希語"] = "dv",
["迪里姆語"] = "dir",
["迪里語"] = "dwa",
["迪阿語"] = "dia",
["迪靈語"] = "dil",
["迪馬薩語"] = "dis",
["通加格語"] = "lcm",
["通加語 (莫桑比克)"] = "toh",
["通加語 (贊比亞)"] = "toi",
["通加語 (馬拉維)"] = "tog",
["通博諾語"] = "txa",
["通卡瓦語"] = "tqw",
["通布卡語"] = "tum",
["通布魯語"] = "tom",
["通沙旺語"] = "tnw",
["通瓊語"] = "tjg",
["通瓦語"] = "xgf",
["通萊奧語"] = "tmq",
["通西亞語"] = "txs",
["通達諾語"] = "tdn",
["通騰博安語"] = "tnt",
["道嘎語"] = "dgg",
["道恩烏隆語"] = "dgw",
["道戈索語"] = "dgs",
["道本語"] = "tok",
["道洛語"] = "dwr",
["道語"] = "kwa",
["達伊語"] = "dax",
["達內-扎阿語"] = "bea",
["達凱爾語"] = "crx",
["達加巴尼語"] = "dag",
["達努瓦里語"] = "dhw",
["達努語"] = "dnv",
["達勞德語"] = "tld",
["達卡卡語"] = "bpa",
["達吉克語"] = "dec",
["達哈利克語"] = "dlk",
["達哈洛語"] = "dal",
["達契亞語"] = "xdc",
["達巴語"] = "dbq",
["達悟語"] = "tao",
["達拉格語"] = "xdk",
["達捷語"] = "pee",
["達斡爾語"] = "dta",
["達斯語"] = "dot",
["達旺門巴語"] = "twm",
["達格巴語"] = "dgk",
["達格曼語"] = "dgn",
["達梅里語"] = "dml",
["達爾加里語"] = "dhr",
["達爾米亞語"] = "drd",
["達爾金語"] = "dar",
["達爾馬提亞語"] = "dlm",
["達特基語"] = "mki",
["達瑙語"] = "dnu",
["達瓦瓦語"] = "dww",
["達祿基語"] = "tlk",
["達科他語"] = "dak",
["達維拉-達維羅爾語"] = "ddw",
["達萊語"] = "dry",
["達薩納赫語"] = "dsh",
["達薩語"] = "dzg",
["達蘭吉語"] = "dhl",
["達諾語"] = "aso",
["達讓語"] = "mhu",
["達迪-達迪語"] = "dda",
["達迪比語"] = "mps",
["達金容語"] = "xda",
["達金語"] = "dcc",
["達阿-凱利語"] = "kzf",
["達隆語"] = "dln",
["達雅高路加拉岸語"] = "klg",
["達馬卡瓦語"] = "dam",
["達馬爾語"] = "uhn",
["達馬語 (塞拉利昂)"] = "dmn-dam",
["達馬語 (尼日利亞)"] = "dmm",
["達龍巴爾語"] = "xgm",
["遠西穆里亞語"] = "fmu",
["遮羅語"] = "crw",
["邁伊語"] = "mmm",
["邁希語"] = "mjz",
["邁普雷語"] = "awd-mpr",
["邁盧語"] = "mgu",
["邁蒂利語"] = "mai",
["邁赫拉語"] = "gdq",
["邁辛語"] = "mbq",
["邁錫尼希臘語"] = "gmy",
["邁阿密-伊利諾伊語"] = "mia",
["邏輯語"] = "jbo",
["那不勒斯語"] = "nap",
["那加克里奧爾語"] = "nag",
["邦代語"] = "bou",
["邦博利語"] = "bml",
["邦卡語"] = "mfb",
["邦古拉語"] = "glc",
["邦古邦古語"] = "bnx",
["邦吉利語"] = "bui",
["邦吉語"] = "bdg",
["邦巴語"] = "bbe",
["邦戈語"] = "bot",
["邦蓋語"] = "bgz",
["邦語"] = "bqd",
["邦都語"] = "bfw",
["邵將語"] = "sjc",
["邵語"] = "ssf",
["邵里語"] = "srt",
["郎念布央語"] = "yln",
["都利語"] = "mvp",
["都卡諾語"] = "tuo",
["都夏語"] = "tud",
["都尤咖語"] = "tue",
["都東語"] = "ttg",
["都比尼欽語"] = "tpk",
["都特利語"] = "dty",
["都里瓦拉語"] = "twt",
["鄂倫春語"] = "orh",
["鄂圖曼土耳其語"] = "ota",
["鄂溫克語"] = "evn",
["鄂溫語"] = "eve",
["鄂羅克語"] = "oaa",
["鄒語"] = "tsu",
["采茲語"] = "ddo",
["里比薩語"] = "rkb",
["里潑語"] = "lpo",
["里菲安語"] = "rif",
["里里奧語"] = "rri",
["金加語"] = "zga",
["金古魯語"] = "jig",
["金基語"] = "sbt",
["金塔克語"] = "knq",
["金布語"] = "kiv",
["金瑙里語"] = "kfk",
["金邦杜語"] = "kmb",
["金門語"] = "mji",
["錦語"] = "aih",
["錫伯語"] = "sjo",
["錫帕卡帕語"] = "qum",
["錫拉語"] = "sry",
["錫爾赫特語"] = "syl",
["錫金語"] = "sip",
["錫默盧語"] = "smr",
["鎖內嘎話"] = "ysg",
["門卓波隆語"] = "npn",
["門卡語"] = "mea",
["門德語"] = "men",
["門根語"] = "mee",
["門西語"] = "umu",
["門諾低地德語"] = "pdt",
["門雅語"] = "mcr",
["閩中語"] = "czo",
["閩北語"] = "mnp",
["閩南語"] = "nan",
["閩東語"] = "cdo",
["關切語"] = "gnc",
["關必沙語"] = "hub",
["關比安諾語"] = "gum",
["關達拉語"] = "gwn",
["阿丘亞爾語"] = "acu",
["阿丹格貝語"] = "adq",
["阿亞烏特拉馬薩特克語"] = "vmy",
["阿什昆語"] = "ask",
["阿伊佐語"] = "ayb",
["阿伊努語"] = "ain",
["阿伊沃語"] = "nfl",
["阿伍圖語"] = "afu",
["阿佤語"] = "vwa",
["阿倫古爾語"] = "aus-alu",
["阿克佩斯語"] = "ibe",
["阿克帕語"] = "akf",
["阿克羅語"] = "acs",
["阿克蘭語"] = "akl",
["阿克語"] = "aik",
["阿克隆語"] = "acz",
["阿內姆語"] = "anz",
["阿內瓊語"] = "aty",
["阿利亞瓦拉語"] = "aly",
["阿利加布語"] = "ark",
["阿利語"] = "aiy",
["阿加圖語"] = "agc",
["阿加拉比語"] = "agd",
["阿加萬語"] = "alg-aga",
["阿努亞克語"] = "anu",
["阿努基語"] = "aui",
["阿努塔語"] = "aud",
["阿努斯語"] = "auq",
["阿努福語"] = "cko",
["阿勒卡諾語"] = "gah",
["阿勒曼尼語"] = "gsw",
["阿勒楚喀語"] = "tuw-alk",
["阿包語"] = "aau",
["阿博姆語"] = "aob",
["阿卡-博語"] = "akm",
["阿卡-卡里語"] = "aci",
["阿卡-科德語"] = "akx",
["阿卡-科拉語"] = "ack",
["阿卡-科爾語"] = "aky",
["阿卡-貝阿語"] = "abj",
["阿卡哈語"] = "ijs",
["阿卡德語"] = "akk",
["阿卡拉薩米語"] = "sia",
["阿卡沃約語"] = "ake",
["阿卡爾-巴萊語"] = "acl",
["阿卡特佩克-梅帕語"] = "tpx",
["阿卡特克語"] = "knj",
["阿卡舍蘭語"] = "aks",
["阿卡語"] = "ahk",
["阿卡語 (中非)"] = "axk",
["阿古塔農語"] = "agn",
["阿古桑-馬諾博語"] = "msm",
["阿古爾語"] = "agx",
["阿古語"] = "ahh",
["阿吉語"] = "aif",
["阿哲拉語"] = "adz",
["阿哲語"] = "yiz",
["阿喬利語"] = "ach",
["阿喬馬維語"] = "acv",
["阿困穌語"] = "aqz",
["阿坎語"] = "ak",
["阿坦奎語"] = "cba-ata",
["阿坦帕雅語"] = "amz",
["阿塔卡帕語"] = "aqp",
["阿塔帕迪庫龍巴語"] = "pkr",
["阿塔特拉烏卡米斯特克語"] = "mib",
["阿塔語"] = "atm",
["阿塞拜疆語"] = "az",
["阿多拉語"] = "adh",
["阿多納拉語"] = "adr",
["阿夸語"] = "akw",
["阿奇語"] = "aqc",
["阿契語"] = "acr",
["阿如歐普語"] = "lsr",
["阿姆哈拉語"] = "am",
["阿姆巴語"] = "utp",
["阿威其語"] = "awe",
["阿嫩別語"] = "aan",
["阿孟搭瓦語"] = "adw",
["阿富汗手語"] = "afg",
["阿寧迪爾雅夸語"] = "aoi",
["阿尤特拉米斯特克語"] = "miy",
["阿尤語"] = "ayu",
["阿尼普佤語"] = "ypn",
["阿尼美勒語"] = "anf",
["阿尼莫羅福語"] = "mtb",
["阿尼語"] = "hnh",
["阿尼迪歐語"] = "bzb",
["阿岱語"] = "xad",
["阿巴克農語"] = "abx",
["阿巴加語"] = "abg",
["阿巴扎語"] = "abq",
["阿布亞語"] = "abn",
["阿布伊語"] = "abz",
["阿布勒尼語"] = "mgj",
["阿布勒語"] = "abu",
["阿布哈茲語"] = "ab",
["阿布日嫩語"] = "apu",
["阿布語"] = "ado",
["阿布阿拉佩什語"] = "aah",
["阿希拉尼語"] = "ahr",
["阿帕利語"] = "ena",
["阿帕塔尼語"] = "apt",
["阿帕布拉姆沙語"] = "inc-apa",
["阿帕拉契語"] = "xap",
["阿帕斯科-阿波亞拉米斯特克語"] = "mip",
["阿帕萊語"] = "apy",
["阿庫姆語"] = "aku",
["阿庫色語"] = "bss",
["阿弗里希利語"] = "afh",
["阿彝子語"] = "yyz",
["阿德勒語"] = "ade",
["阿德尼亞馬塔納語"] = "adt",
["阿戈伊語"] = "ibm",
["阿戈布語"] = "kit",
["阿扎語 (尼日爾-剛果語系)"] = "ajg",
["阿扎語 (尼羅-撒哈拉語系)"] = "aja",
["阿扎語 (漢藏語系)"] = "aza",
["阿托拉達語"] = "aox",
["阿拉伯島阿埃塔語"] = "dul",
["阿拉伯語"] = "ar",
["阿拉克語"] = "alk",
["阿拉列-達布拉罕語"] = "atq",
["阿拉卡特拉扎拉米斯特克語"] = "mim",
["阿拉基語"] = "akr",
["阿拉奧納語"] = "aro",
["阿拉姆巴語"] = "stk",
["阿拉威德語"] = "awt",
["阿拉巴納語"] = "ard",
["阿拉巴索語"] = "arj",
["阿拉巴語"] = "alw",
["阿拉帕霍語"] = "arp",
["阿拉戈語"] = "ala",
["阿拉扎帕語"] = "nai-ala",
["阿拉斯-克盧埃特語"] = "btz",
["阿拉格瓦語"] = "wbj",
["阿拉爾語"] = "all",
["阿拉瓜爾語"] = "rkw",
["阿拉瓦克語"] = "arw",
["阿拉瓦語"] = "aru",
["阿拉納丹語"] = "aaf",
["阿拉貝拉語"] = "arl",
["阿拉貢語"] = "an",
["阿拉迪安"] = "ald",
["阿拜語"] = "poz-abi",
["阿提卡米克語"] = "atj",
["阿摩爾語"] = "alx",
["阿斯圖里亞斯語"] = "ast",
["阿日厄語"] = "aji",
["阿昌語"] = "acn",
["阿普泰語"] = "apx",
["阿普特普南語"] = "pud",
["阿普羅語"] = "ahp",
["阿普馬語"] = "kbx",
["阿普麻語"] = "app",
["阿曼阿拉伯語"] = "acx",
["阿本語"] = "kgr",
["阿朱魯語"] = "wyr",
["阿松博亞語"] = "aua",
["阿林語"] = "xrn",
["阿查瓜語"] = "aca",
["阿查瓦卡語"] = "atc",
["阿根廷手語"] = "aed",
["阿桑戈利語"] = "sjg",
["阿桑語"] = "xss",
["阿梅勒語"] = "aey",
["阿梅薩語"] = "ame",
["阿楚格維語"] = "atw",
["阿楞語"] = "aem",
["阿榮語"] = "azo",
["阿歐語"] = "aou",
["阿比-楠榜語"] = "ljp",
["阿比亞語"] = "aby",
["阿比吉語"] = "abi",
["阿比坡尼語"] = "axb",
["阿比諾姆語"] = "bsa",
["阿比那也語"] = "apn",
["阿毛語"] = "amo",
["阿沃卡雅語"] = "avu",
["阿法德語"] = "aal",
["阿法爾語"] = "aa",
["阿波利斯塔語"] = "awd-apo",
["阿洛普拉語"] = "ypo",
["阿洛阿帕姆薩波特克語"] = "zaq",
["阿洪姆語"] = "aho",
["阿溫語"] = "awi",
["阿漢塔語"] = "aha",
["阿漢布語"] = "ahb",
["阿燦語"] = "cch",
["阿爾-賽義德貝都因手語"] = "syy",
["阿爾佤語"] = "stu",
["阿爾博雷語"] = "arv",
["阿爾及利亞手語"] = "asp",
["阿爾及利亞阿拉伯語"] = "arq",
["阿爾古尼語"] = "agf",
["阿爾吉特語"] = "aid",
["阿爾塔語"] = "atz",
["阿爾塞亞語"] = "aes",
["阿爾岡昆語"] = "alq",
["阿爾巴尼亞手語"] = "sqk",
["阿爾巴尼亞語"] = "sq",
["阿爾戈巴語"] = "agj",
["阿爾托薩波特克語"] = "zpp",
["阿爾瓦科語"] = "arh",
["阿爾科紹卡米斯特克語"] = "xta",
["阿爾維里-維達里語"] = "avd",
["阿特帕里亞語"] = "aph",
["阿特納語"] = "aht",
["阿瑪納卜語"] = "amn",
["阿瑪語"] = "amm",
["阿瓜卡特卡語"] = "agu",
["阿瓜諾語"] = "aga",
["阿瓜魯那語"] = "agr",
["阿瓦-卡諾伊羅語"] = "avv",
["阿瓦克語"] = "awo",
["阿瓦巴卡爾語"] = "awk",
["阿瓦德語"] = "awa",
["阿瓦拉語"] = "awx",
["阿瓦烏語"] = "avb",
["阿瓦爾語"] = "av",
["阿瓦爾語 (新幾內亞)"] = "aya",
["阿瓦蒂梅語"] = "avn",
["阿瓦語 (新幾內亞)"] = "awb",
["阿留特語"] = "alr",
["阿留申語"] = "ale",
["阿當梅語"] = "ada",
["阿當語"] = "adn",
["阿皮亞卡語"] = "api",
["阿盧固語"] = "aub",
["阿盧庫魯姆巴語"] = "xua",
["阿盧爾語"] = "alz",
["阿盧語"] = "mte",
["阿科勒特語"] = "akt",
["阿科耶語"] = "miw",
["阿穆爾達克語"] = "amg",
["阿米語"] = "amy",
["阿約克斯科薩波特克語"] = "zaf",
["阿納卡朗古語"] = "akg",
["阿納姆古拉語"] = "imi",
["阿納廷加多貢語"] = "dti",
["阿納昂語"] = "anw",
["阿納爾語"] = "anm",
["阿索尤梅帕語"] = "tpc",
["阿細語"] = "yix",
["阿維坎語"] = "avi",
["阿維拉語"] = "awr",
["阿維斯陀語"] = "ae",
["阿羅普-羅科普科語 "] = "apr",
["阿羅爾語"] = "aol",
["阿羅西語"] = "aia",
["阿羅語"] = "yna",
["阿羅馬尼亞語"] = "rup",
["阿美語"] = "ami",
["阿義語"] = "ayq",
["阿翰語"] = "ahn",
["阿耶勒語"] = "aye",
["阿莫爾特佩卡米斯特克語"] = "mbz",
["阿菲蒂語"] = "aft",
["阿萊格語"] = "alf",
["阿蒂耶語"] = "ati",
["阿蒂語"] = "atk",
["阿薩姆語"] = "as",
["阿薩羅奧語"] = "mtv",
["阿薩語"] = "aas",
["阿蘇埃奧尤語"] = "psa",
["阿蘇語"] = "aum",
["阿蘇里尼語"] = "asu",
["阿蘇里語"] = "asr",
["阿蘭岡語"] = "alj",
["阿蘭布拉克語"] = "amp",
["阿蘭語"] = "xln",
["阿西內本語"] = "asb",
["阿西魯魯語"] = "asl",
["阿貝納基語"] = "abe",
["阿貝語"] = "aba",
["阿賈瓦語"] = "ajw",
["阿赫瓦赫語"] = "akv",
["阿赫語"] = "guq",
["阿車語"] = "yif",
["阿輸迦普拉克里特語"] = "inc-ash",
["阿迪廷吉蒂格語"] = "dth",
["阿迪烏克魯語"] = "adj",
["阿迪瓦西奧利亞語"] = "ort",
["阿迪語"] = "adi",
["阿通語 (印度)"] = "aot",
["阿通語 (喀麥隆)"] = "ato",
["阿達普語"] = "adp",
["阿達森語"] = "tiu",
["阿達莫羅貝手語"] = "ads",
["阿達貝語"] = "adb",
["阿邁蒙語"] = "ali",
["阿邦語"] = "abo",
["阿鄔語"] = "yiu",
["阿里卡拉語"] = "ari",
["阿里吉蒂語"] = "aqg",
["阿里肯語"] = "ait",
["阿里語"] = "aiw",
["阿里語 (新幾內亞)"] = "aac",
["阿雅巴德胡語"] = "ayd",
["阿雷巴語"] = "aea",
["阿雷語"] = "mwc",
["阿雷阿雷語"] = "alu",
["阿霍語"] = "aok",
["阿馬哈伊語"] = "amq",
["阿馬拉凱里語"] = "amr",
["阿馬拉斯語"] = "aaz",
["阿馬拉語"] = "aie",
["阿馬特蘭薩波特克語"] = "zpo",
["阿馬華卡語"] = "amc",
["阿馬那也語"] = "ama",
["阿馬里扎納語"] = "awd-ama",
["阿魯塔尼語"] = "atx",
["阿魯姆-特蘇語"] = "aab",
["阿魯尼語"] = "alp",
["阿魯提克語"] = "ems",
["阿魯阿什語"] = "arx",
["阿魯阿穆語"] = "msy",
["阿黎法瑪-米尼亞菲亞語"] = "aai",
["陶亞語"] = "tya",
["陶塞語"] = "tad",
["陶希羅語"] = "trr",
["陶斯語"] = "twf",
["陶蘇格語"] = "tsg",
["隆-瓦特語"] = "ttw",
["隆古達語"] = "lnu",
["隆昆語"] = "rmk",
["隆聰語"] = "lce",
["雅伊吉爾語"] = "xya",
["雅凱語"] = "jaq",
["雅加語"] = "yag",
["雅卡爾泰克語"] = "jac",
["雅卡語"] = "ybh",
["雅庫特語"] = "sah",
["雅拉哈坦語"] = "jal",
["雅朋達語"] = "yev",
["雅杭語"] = "rhp",
["雅格諾比語"] = "yai",
["雅浦語"] = "yap",
["雅烏爾語"] = "yre",
["雅烏語"] = "tmu",
["雅烏魯語"] = "ywr",
["雅爾魯延迪語"] = "yry",
["雅瓦語"] = "yva",
["雅瓦那瓦語"] = "ywn",
["雅茲古拉米語"] = "yah",
["雅西克語"] = "ysc",
["雅雷凱語"] = "yra",
["雅雷巴語"] = "yrb",
["雍古手語"] = "ygs",
["雪爾塔語"] = "sth",
["雪蘭莪手語"] = "kgi",
["雷亞薩諾語"] = "rey",
["雷勞語"] = "rea",
["雷厄勒語"] = "atu",
["雷塔語"] = "ret",
["雷州話"] = "luh",
["雷彭語"] = "lek",
["雷摩朗語"] = "ley",
["雷舍語"] = "res",
["雷莫語"] = "rem",
["雷蒂亞語"] = "xrr",
["雷蒙達道阿埃塔語"] = "agv",
["雷馬語"] = "bow",
["霍亞霍亞語"] = "hhy",
["霍伊亞霍伊亞語"] = "hhi",
["霍內語"] = "juh",
["霍利丘克語"] = "hoi",
["霍卓語"] = "hoz",
["霍安語"] = "huc",
["霍汪甘語"] = "hov",
["霍洛霍洛語"] = "hoo",
["霍爾馬語"] = "hod",
["霍特語"] = "hot",
["霍皮語"] = "hop",
["霍盧語"] = "hol",
["霍羅姆語"] = "hoe",
["霍羅語"] = "hor",
["霍語"] = "hoc",
["霍里雅語"] = "hoy",
["靈戈烏語"] = "rgu",
["青仡佬語"] = "giq",
["青苗語"] = "hnj",
["非利士語"] = "mis-phi",
["非洲塞米諾爾克爾奧爾語"] = "afs",
["革什扎語"] = "ero-gsz",
["韃靼語"] = "tt",
["韋尼語"] = "wrn",
["韋恩語"] = "hwa",
["韋托語"] = "woy",
["韋拉基語"] = "wlk",
["韋拉阿語"] = "vra",
["韋梅格貝語"] = "wem",
["韋米里-阿特羅阿里語"] = "atr",
["韋耶瓦語"] = "wew",
["韋赫語"] = "weh",
["韋里語"] = "wer",
["韋韋特拉特佩瓦語"] = "tee",
["韋馬萊語"] = "weo",
["韓國手語"] = "kvk",
["韶州土話"] = "zhx-sht",
["香檳語"] = "roa-cha",
["香港手語"] = "hks",
["馬亞瓦利語"] = "yxa",
["馬亞語"] = "slz",
["馬京達瑙語"] = "mdh",
["馬伊-他庫爾蒂語"] = "xyt",
["馬伊亞語"] = "sks",
["馬伊庫蘭語"] = "mnt",
["馬伊瓦拉語"] = "mum",
["馬來奕語"] = "beg",
["馬來西亞手語"] = "xml",
["馬來語"] = "ms",
["馬來達雅語"] = "xdy",
["馬傑拉語"] = "xmj",
["馬克萊語"] = "mgf",
["馬六甲克里奧爾葡萄牙語"] = "mcm",
["馬六甲克里奧爾馬來語"] = "ccm",
["馬其布語"] = "mzo",
["馬其斯語"] = "mpq",
["馬其頓語"] = "mk",
["馬利亞穆語"] = "xru",
["馬利布語"] = "sai-mlb",
["馬利拉語"] = "mgq",
["馬利納爾特佩克特拉帕克語"] = "tcf",
["馬加哈特語"] = "mtw",
["馬加希語"] = "mag",
["馬努塞拉語"] = "wha",
["馬努斯語"] = "ttv",
["馬勒語"] = "mdy",
["馬勞語"] = "mvr",
["馬南卡利語"] = "znk",
["馬南語"] = "nmm",
["馬卡揚語"] = "aup",
["馬卡莎語"] = "mkz",
["馬卡萊羅語"] = "mjb",
["馬卡語"] = "mcp",
["馬卡關語"] = "mbn",
["馬古拉比語"] = "mpu",
["馬古納語"] = "myy",
["馬古西語"] = "mbc",
["馬吉內里語"] = "mpd",
["馬哈蘇帕哈里語"] = "bfz",
["馬哈里語"] = "mjx",
["馬哥馬語"] = "gmx",
["馬圖卡爾語"] = "mjk",
["馬圖汪加語"] = "mpj",
["馬圖蘇利那語"] = "vma",
["馬埃語"] = "mme",
["馬塔加爾帕語"] = "mtn",
["馬塔納維語"] = "sai-mat",
["馬塞普語"] = "mvs",
["馬夏卡里語"] = "mbl",
["馬夸語"] = "mgh",
["馬奇根加語"] = "mcb",
["馬姆語"] = "mam",
["馬孔德語"] = "kde",
["馬安揚語"] = "mhy",
["馬尤瑤-伊富高語"] = "ifu",
["馬尼帕語"] = "mqp",
["馬巴語"] = "mqa",
["馬希語"] = "mho",
["馬庫瓦語"] = "lva",
["馬庫語"] = "xak",
["馬庫里語"] = "jmn",
["馬德恩蓋萊語"] = "zml",
["馬恩伊特內格語"] = "itt",
["馬恰美語"] = "jmc",
["馬戈里語"] = "zgr",
["馬扎格維語"] = "dkx",
["馬托爾語"] = "mtm",
["馬托語"] = "met",
["馬投爾語"] = "mvb",
["馬拉克馬拉克語"] = "mpb",
["馬拉利語"] = "sai-mal",
["馬拉加斯語"] = "mg",
["馬拉古斯語"] = "mrs",
["馬拉地語"] = "mr",
["馬拉姆那加語"] = "nma",
["馬拉威手語"] = "lws",
["馬拉拉邁語"] = "mmt",
["馬拉斯語"] = "mkr",
["馬拉格伊語"] = "vmh",
["馬拉桑加語"] = "mqz",
["馬拉欽語"] = "mrh",
["馬拉爾揚語"] = "mjq",
["馬拉瑙語"] = "mrw",
["馬拉萬語"] = "awd-mar",
["馬拉蒂諾語"] = "sai-mar",
["馬拉薩爾語"] = "ymr",
["馬拉農庫語"] = "zmr",
["馬拉雅拉姆語"] = "ml",
["馬拉雷利語"] = "mgb",
["馬拉韋丹語"] = "mjr",
["馬拉馬拉薩爾語"] = "ima",
["馬揚納語"] = "yan",
["馬斯克林斯語"] = "klv",
["馬斯巴特索索貢語"] = "bks",
["馬斯巴特語"] = "msb",
["馬斯拉姆語"] = "msv",
["馬斯馬斯語"] = "ism",
["馬普切語"] = "arn",
["馬曼達語"] = "skc",
["馬杜卡揚卡林阿語"] = "kmd",
["馬林加爾語"] = "zmt",
["馬林德語"] = "mrz",
["馬林朋語"] = "mli",
["馬格達萊納佩尼亞斯科米斯特克語"] = "xtm",
["馬比雷語"] = "muj",
["馬江語"] = "mpe",
["馬法語"] = "maf",
["馬波約語"] = "mcg",
["馬洛爾語"] = "mbk",
["馬洪圭語"] = "mhb",
["馬滕戈語"] = "mgv",
["馬爾他手語"] = "mdl",
["馬爾他語"] = "mt",
["馬爾加尼語"] = "zmc",
["馬爾加納語"] = "vml",
["馬爾卡語"] = "rkm",
["馬爾古語"] = "mhg",
["馬爾吉語"] = "mrt",
["馬爾巴語"] = "mpg",
["馬爾帕哈里亞語"] = "mkb",
["馬爾格貝語"] = "mxf",
["馬爾法語"] = "mvu",
["馬爾瓦語"] = "mup",
["馬爾西語"] = "ims",
["馬爾馬語"] = "rmz",
["馬特巴特語"] = "xmt",
["馬特拉爾辛卡語"] = "mat",
["馬特爾語"] = "mfh",
["馬班語"] = "mfz",
["馬瓦克語"] = "mjj",
["馬瓦語"] = "mcw",
["馬瓦里語"] = "mwr",
["馬皮迪安語"] = "mpw",
["馬皮阿語"] = "mpy",
["馬盧-基倫格語"] = "mgl",
["馬科爾科爾語"] = "zmh",
["馬穆朱語"] = "mqx",
["馬穆西語"] = "kdf",
["馬策語"] = "mcf",
["馬約戈語"] = "mdm",
["馬約特科摩羅語"] = "swb",
["馬約語"] = "mfy",
["馬納姆語"] = "mva",
["馬紹爾語"] = "mh",
["馬維斯語"] = "mgk",
["馬羅沃語"] = "mvo",
["馬艾語"] = "ymm",
["馬蒂沙祿-馬諾博語"] = "mbt",
["馬蒂馬蒂語"] = "dmd",
["馬蓬語"] = "sjm",
["馬薩巴語"] = "myx",
["馬薩拉特語"] = "mdg",
["馬薩爾特佩克薩波特克語"] = "zpy",
["馬薩特蘭米塞語"] = "mzl",
["馬薩特蘭馬薩特克語"] = "vmz",
["馬薩迪伊特伊特內格語"] = "tis",
["馬薩那語"] = "mcn",
["馬蘭戈語"] = "mln",
["馬西旺語"] = "bnf",
["馬諾語"] = "mev",
["馬賽語"] = "mas",
["馬贊德蘭語"] = "mzn",
["馬赫梅里語"] = "mhe",
["馬迪語"] = "mhi",
["馬通比語"] = "mgw",
["馬達克語"] = "mmx",
["馬達加斯加手語"] = "mzc",
["馬達語 (喀麥隆)"] = "mxu",
["馬達語 (尼日利亞)"] = "mda",
["馬都拉語"] = "mad",
["馬里丹語"] = "zmd",
["馬里克語"] = "dad",
["馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語"] = "pqm",
["馬里提亞賓語"] = "zmj",
["馬里烏波爾希臘語"] = "grk-mar",
["馬里科帕語"] = "mrc",
["馬里耶迪語"] = "zmy",
["馬里蒂爾語"] = "mfr",
["馬里諾語"] = "mrb",
["馬里馬寧迪語"] = "zmm",
["馬阿卡語"] = "mew",
["馬陵語"] = "mbw",
["馬雅古杜納語"] = "xmy",
["馬霍語"] = "mxx",
["馬馬阿語"] = "mhf",
["馬魯波語"] = "mzr",
["馬魯西尼語"] = "umc",
["馬龍降靈語"] = "crp-mar",
["騰格爾語"] = "tes",
["驃語"] = "pyx",
["高加索阿爾巴尼亞語"] = "xag",
["高句麗語"] = "zkg",
["高地孔喬語"] = "kjk",
["高地托托納克語"] = "tos",
["高地普埃布拉納瓦特爾語"] = "azz",
["高地波波魯卡語"] = "poi",
["高地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語"] = "chd",
["高棉語"] = "km",
["高欄語"] = "mlc",
["高瓦達語"] = "gwd",
["高盧語"] = "cel-gau",
["高等瓦雷利亞語"] = "art-vlh",
["高羅語"] = "gwf",
["高語"] = "gga",
["魁北克手語"] = "fcs",
["魯凱語"] = "dru",
["魯圖爾語"] = "rut",
["魯夫語"] = "ldq",
["魯姆語"] = "klq",
["魯巴魯魯亞語"] = "lua",
["魯烏利語"] = "ruc",
["魯瓦蒂語"] = "luv",
["魯菲吉語"] = "rui",
["鮑羅語"] = "bxa",
["鮑茲語"] = "bvz",
["鮑里巴雷里語"] = "bfb",
["鮮卑語"] = "mis-xbi",
["鳩古洛語"] = "kui",
["麥因迪埃塔語"] = "blx",
["麥安契埃塔語"] = "sgb",
["麥瓦語 (印尼)"] = "wmm",
["麥瓦語 (新幾內亞)"] = "mti",
["麥羅埃語"] = "xmr",
["麻楞語"] = "pkt",
["麻薩諸塞語"] = "wam",
["黎語"] = "lic",
["黑暗語"] = "art-bsp",
["黑木吉語"] = "ybk",
["黑腳語"] = "bla",
["默切諾語"] = "mhn",
["黛語"] = "dij",
["齊切瓦語"] = "ny",
["齊古拉語"] = "ziw",
["齊古納語"] = "tca",
["齊普澤德語"] = "gmw-zps",
["齊瓊依-齊基哈納-奇考瑪語"] = "coh",
["齊里亞語"] = "zir",
["齊阿洛語"] = "zil",
["齊阿語"] = "zia",
["齊馬卡尼語"] = "mok",
["齊齊利瓦坎語"] = "ziz",
["龍加語"] = "rng",
["龍古斯語"] = "drg",
["龍基語"] = "roe",
["龍家語"] = "sit-lnj",
["龍巖話"] = "nan-lnx",
["龍托語"] = "wok",
["龍瓦語"] = "rnw",
["龐瓦利語"] = "pgg",
["龐瓦語"] = "pbr",
["龜崙語"] = "uon",
["𱎼家語"] = "hmj",
}
cetthz7yzlh7w120owp99perqqvdd7e
Module:Languages/code to canonical name
828
1368468
9934919
9900650
2026-09-30T16:03:35Z
TongcyBot
83009
自動更新語言模組
9934919
Scribunto
text/plain
return {
["aa"] = "阿法爾語",
["aaa"] = "戈圖奧語",
["aab"] = "阿魯姆-特蘇語",
["aac"] = "阿里語 (新幾內亞)",
["aad"] = "艾瑪語",
["aaf"] = "阿拉納丹語",
["aag"] = "安布拉克語",
["aah"] = "阿布阿拉佩什語",
["aai"] = "阿黎法瑪-米尼亞菲亞語",
["aak"] = "安卡維語",
["aal"] = "阿法德語",
["aan"] = "阿嫩別語",
["aap"] = "帕拉阿拉拉語",
["aaq"] = "佩諾布斯科特語",
["aas"] = "阿薩語",
["aau"] = "阿包語",
["aav-khs-pro"] = "原始卡西語",
["aav-nic-pro"] = "原始尼科巴語",
["aav-pkl-pro"] = "原始布那-卡西-林甘語",
["aav-pro"] = "原始南亞語",
["aaw"] = "索隆語",
["aax"] = "曼多波阿塔斯語",
["aaz"] = "阿馬拉斯語",
["ab"] = "阿布哈茲語",
["aba"] = "阿貝語",
["abb"] = "班孔語",
["abc"] = "安巴拉埃塔語",
["abd"] = "北甘馬粦阿埃塔語",
["abe"] = "阿貝納基語",
["abf"] = "河邊阿拜語",
["abg"] = "阿巴加語",
["abh"] = "塔吉克阿拉伯語",
["abi"] = "阿比吉語",
["abj"] = "阿卡-貝阿語",
["abl"] = "尼奧-楠榜語",
["abm"] = "亞班永語",
["abn"] = "阿布亞語",
["abo"] = "阿邦語",
["abp"] = "亞本連埃塔語",
["abq"] = "阿巴扎語",
["abs"] = "安汶馬來語",
["abt"] = "安布拉斯語",
["abu"] = "阿布勒語",
["abv"] = "巴林阿拉伯語",
["abw"] = "帕爾語",
["abx"] = "阿巴克農語",
["aby"] = "阿比亞語",
["abz"] = "阿布伊語",
["aca"] = "阿查瓜語",
["acb"] = "安卡語",
["acd"] = "吉基奧德語",
["ace"] = "亞齊語",
["ach"] = "阿喬利語",
["aci"] = "阿卡-卡里語",
["ack"] = "阿卡-科拉語",
["acl"] = "阿卡爾-巴萊語",
["acm"] = "美索不達米亞阿拉伯語",
["acn"] = "阿昌語",
["acp"] = "東阿奇帕語",
["acr"] = "阿契語",
["acs"] = "阿克羅語",
["acu"] = "阿丘亞爾語",
["acv"] = "阿喬馬維語",
["acw"] = "漢志阿拉伯語",
["acx"] = "阿曼阿拉伯語",
["acy"] = "塞浦路斯阿拉伯語",
["acz"] = "阿克隆語",
["ada"] = "阿當梅語",
["adb"] = "阿達貝語",
["add"] = "左迪那語",
["ade"] = "阿德勒語",
["adf"] = "多法爾阿拉伯語",
["adg"] = "安德格雷賓哈語",
["adh"] = "阿多拉語",
["adi"] = "阿迪語",
["adj"] = "阿迪烏克魯語",
["adl"] = "迦龍語",
["adn"] = "阿當語",
["ado"] = "阿布語",
["adp"] = "阿達普語",
["adq"] = "阿丹格貝語",
["adr"] = "阿多納拉語",
["ads"] = "阿達莫羅貝手語",
["adt"] = "阿德尼亞馬塔納語",
["adu"] = "Aduge",
["adw"] = "阿孟搭瓦語",
["ady"] = "西切爾克斯語",
["adz"] = "阿哲拉語",
["ae"] = "阿維斯陀語",
["aea"] = "阿雷巴語",
["aeb"] = "突尼斯阿拉伯語",
["aed"] = "阿根廷手語",
["aee"] = "東北帕沙伊語",
["aek"] = "哈克語",
["ael"] = "安貝萊語",
["aem"] = "阿楞語",
["aen"] = "亞美尼亞手語",
["aeq"] = "埃爾語",
["aer"] = "東阿蘭達語",
["aes"] = "阿爾塞亞語",
["aeu"] = "阿克語",
["aew"] = "安巴基齊語",
["aey"] = "阿梅勒語",
["aez"] = "埃卡語",
["af"] = "南非語",
["afa-pro"] = "原始亞非語",
["afb"] = "海灣阿拉伯語",
["afd"] = "Andai",
["afe"] = "普圖瓦姆語",
["afg"] = "阿富汗手語",
["afh"] = "阿弗里希利語",
["afi"] = "Akrukay",
["afk"] = "納努拜語",
["afn"] = "德法卡語",
["afo"] = "埃羅伊語",
["afp"] = "塔佩語",
["afs"] = "非洲塞米諾爾克爾奧爾語",
["aft"] = "阿菲蒂語",
["afu"] = "阿伍圖語",
["afz"] = "奧博奎泰語",
["aga"] = "阿瓜諾語",
["agb"] = "萊博語",
["agc"] = "阿加圖語",
["agd"] = "阿加拉比語",
["age"] = "安加爾語",
["agf"] = "阿爾古尼語",
["agg"] = "安戈爾語",
["agh"] = "恩格利馬語",
["agj"] = "阿爾戈巴語",
["agk"] = "伊薩羅格阿埃塔語",
["agl"] = "芬貝語",
["agm"] = "安加塔哈語",
["agn"] = "阿古塔農語",
["ago"] = "泰奈語",
["agq"] = "亞罕語",
["agr"] = "阿瓜魯那語",
["ags"] = "埃辛比語",
["agt"] = "中卡加延阿埃塔語",
["agu"] = "阿瓜卡特卡語",
["agv"] = "雷蒙達道阿埃塔語",
["agw"] = "卡華語",
["agx"] = "阿古爾語",
["agy"] = "南阿爾塔語",
["agz"] = "伊里加山阿埃塔語",
["aha"] = "阿漢塔語",
["ahb"] = "阿漢布語",
["ahg"] = "蓋曼特語",
["ahh"] = "阿古語",
["ahi"] = "蒂亞巴語",
["ahk"] = "阿卡語",
["ahl"] = "伊戈語",
["ahm"] = "莫布語",
["ahn"] = "阿翰語",
["aho"] = "阿洪姆語",
["ahp"] = "阿普羅語",
["ahr"] = "阿希拉尼語",
["ahs"] = "艾西語",
["aht"] = "阿特納語",
["aia"] = "阿羅西語",
["aib"] = "艾努語",
["aic"] = "安拜語",
["aid"] = "阿爾吉特語",
["aie"] = "阿馬拉語",
["aif"] = "阿吉語",
["aig"] = "安提瓜和巴布達克里奧爾英語",
["aih"] = "錦語",
["aii"] = "亞述新亞拉姆語",
["aij"] = "埃爾比勒猶太新阿拉姆語",
["aik"] = "阿克語",
["ail"] = "埃梅勒語",
["aim"] = "艾莫爾語",
["ain"] = "阿伊努語",
["aio"] = "艾通語",
["aip"] = "布魯馬科語",
["air"] = "埃羅蘭語",
["ait"] = "阿里肯語",
["aiw"] = "阿里語",
["aix"] = "艾貢語",
["aiy"] = "阿利語",
["aja"] = "阿扎語 (尼羅-撒哈拉語系)",
["ajg"] = "阿扎語 (尼日爾-剛果語系)",
["aji"] = "阿日厄語",
["ajn"] = "Andajin",
["ajp"] = "南黎凡特阿拉伯語",
["ajs"] = "Algerian Jewish Sign Language",
["ajw"] = "阿賈瓦語",
["ajz"] = "Amri Karbi",
["ak"] = "阿坎語",
["akb"] = "昂科拉巴塔克語",
["akc"] = "姆普爾語",
["akd"] = "Ukpet-Ehom",
["ake"] = "阿卡沃約語",
["akf"] = "阿克帕語",
["akg"] = "阿納卡朗古語",
["akh"] = "西安加爾語",
["aki"] = "Aiome",
["akj"] = "傑魯語",
["akk"] = "阿卡德語",
["akl"] = "阿克蘭語",
["akm"] = "阿卡-博語",
["ako"] = "Akurio",
["akp"] = "西伍語",
["akq"] = "Ak",
["akr"] = "阿拉基語",
["aks"] = "阿卡舍蘭語",
["akt"] = "阿科勒特語",
["aku"] = "阿庫姆語",
["akv"] = "阿赫瓦赫語",
["akw"] = "阿夸語",
["akx"] = "阿卡-科德語",
["aky"] = "阿卡-科爾語",
["akz"] = "亞拉巴馬語",
["ala"] = "阿拉戈語",
["alc"] = "卡瓦斯卡爾語",
["ald"] = "阿拉迪安",
["ale"] = "阿留申語",
["alf"] = "阿萊格語",
["alg-aga"] = "阿加萬語",
["alg-pro"] = "原始阿爾岡昆語",
["alh"] = "阿拉瓦語",
["ali"] = "阿邁蒙語",
["alj"] = "阿蘭岡語",
["alk"] = "阿拉克語",
["all"] = "阿拉爾語",
["alm"] = "安布隆語",
["alo"] = "瓦卡西胡語",
["alp"] = "阿魯尼語",
["alq"] = "阿爾岡昆語",
["alr"] = "阿留特語",
["alt"] = "南阿爾泰語",
["alu"] = "阿雷阿雷語",
["alv-ama"] = "Amasi",
["alv-bgu"] = "Baïnounk Gubëeher",
["alv-bua-pro"] = "原始布阿語",
["alv-cng-pro"] = "Proto-Cangin",
["alv-edk-pro"] = "原始埃德基里語",
["alv-edo-pro"] = "原始類埃多語",
["alv-fli-pro"] = "Proto-Fali",
["alv-gbe-pro"] = "原始格貝語",
["alv-gng-pro"] = "Proto-Guang",
["alv-gtm-pro"] = "原始中多哥語",
["alv-gwa"] = "瓜拉語",
["alv-hei-pro"] = "Proto-Heiban",
["alv-ido-pro"] = "Proto-Idomoid",
["alv-igb-pro"] = "原始伊博語",
["alv-kwa-pro"] = "Proto-Kwa",
["alv-mum-pro"] = "Proto-Mumuye",
["alv-nup-pro"] = "原始努佩語",
["alv-pro"] = "原始大西洋-剛果語",
["alv-von-pro"] = "原始沃爾特-尼日爾語",
["alv-yor-pro"] = "原始約魯巴語",
["alv-yrd-pro"] = "原始類約魯巴語",
["alw"] = "阿拉巴語",
["alx"] = "阿摩爾語",
["aly"] = "阿利亞瓦拉語",
["alz"] = "阿盧爾語",
["am"] = "阿姆哈拉語",
["ama"] = "阿馬那也語",
["amb"] = "安寶語",
["amc"] = "阿馬華卡語",
["ame"] = "阿梅薩語",
["amf"] = "哈馬爾-班納語",
["amg"] = "阿穆爾達克語",
["ami"] = "阿美語",
["amj"] = "安當語",
["amk"] = "安拜語",
["aml"] = "瓦爾-賈因蒂亞語",
["amm"] = "阿瑪語",
["amn"] = "阿瑪納卜語",
["amo"] = "阿毛語",
["amp"] = "阿蘭布拉克語",
["amq"] = "阿馬哈伊語",
["amr"] = "阿馬拉凱里語",
["ams"] = "南奄美大島語",
["amt"] = "安托語",
["amu"] = "格雷羅阿穆茲戈語",
["amv"] = "安貝勞語",
["amw"] = "西現代亞拉姆語",
["amx"] = "亞馬他拉語",
["amy"] = "阿米語",
["amz"] = "阿坦帕雅語",
["an"] = "阿拉貢語",
["ana"] = "安達基語",
["anb"] = "安多亞語",
["anc"] = "恩加斯語",
["and"] = "安蘇斯語",
["ane"] = "哈拉楚語",
["anf"] = "阿尼美勒語",
["ang"] = "古英語",
["anh"] = "Nend",
["ani"] = "安迪語",
["anj"] = "Anor",
["ank"] = "戈厄邁語",
["anl"] = "赫孔索語",
["anm"] = "阿納爾語",
["ann"] = "奧博羅語",
["ano"] = "安多克語",
["anp"] = "昂加語",
["anq"] = "加洛瓦語",
["anr"] = "安德赫語",
["ans"] = "安塞爾馬語",
["ant"] = "安塔卡林亞語",
["anu"] = "阿努亞克語",
["anv"] = "登雅語",
["anw"] = "阿納昂語",
["anx"] = "安德拉-胡斯語",
["any"] = "安伊語",
["anz"] = "阿內姆語",
["aoa"] = "安哥拉克里奧爾語",
["aob"] = "阿博姆語",
["aoc"] = "佩蒙語",
["aod"] = "安達魯姆語",
["aoe"] = "南安加爾語",
["aof"] = "布拉加特語",
["aog"] = "安哥拉姆語",
["aoi"] = "阿寧迪爾雅夸語",
["aoj"] = "穆菲安語",
["aok"] = "阿霍語",
["aol"] = "阿羅爾語",
["aom"] = "奧米語",
["aon"] = "Bumbita Arapesh",
["aor"] = "Aore",
["aos"] = "泰卡特語",
["aot"] = "阿通語 (印度)",
["aou"] = "阿歐語",
["aox"] = "阿托拉達語",
["aoz"] = "瓦布梅托語",
["apa-pro"] = "原始阿帕契語",
["apb"] = "薩阿語",
["apc"] = "北黎凡特阿拉伯語",
["apd"] = "蘇丹阿拉伯語",
["ape"] = "布基伊普語",
["apf"] = "帕拉南阿埃塔語",
["apg"] = "安帕南語",
["aph"] = "阿特帕里亞語",
["api"] = "阿皮亞卡語",
["apj"] = "希卡里亞語",
["apk"] = "平原阿帕契語",
["apl"] = "利攀語",
["apm"] = "奇里卡瓦語",
["apn"] = "阿比那也語",
["apo"] = "Ambul",
["app"] = "阿普麻語",
["apq"] = "普西克瓦爾語",
["apr"] = "阿羅普-羅科普科語 ",
["aps"] = "Arop-Sissano",
["apt"] = "阿帕塔尼語",
["apu"] = "阿布日嫩語",
["apv"] = "Alapmunte",
["apw"] = "西阿帕契語",
["apx"] = "阿普泰語",
["apy"] = "阿帕萊語",
["apz"] = "薩菲約卡語",
["aqc"] = "阿奇語",
["aqd"] = "安帕里-多貢語",
["aqg"] = "阿里吉蒂語",
["aql-pro"] = "原始阿爾吉克語",
["aqm"] = "Atohwaim",
["aqn"] = "北阿爾塔語",
["aqp"] = "阿塔卡帕語",
["aqr"] = "Arhâ",
["aqt"] = "Angaité",
["aqz"] = "阿困穌語",
["ar"] = "阿拉伯語",
["arc"] = "亞拉姆語",
["ard"] = "阿拉巴納語",
["are"] = "西阿蘭達語",
["arh"] = "阿爾瓦科語",
["ari"] = "阿里卡拉語",
["arj"] = "阿拉巴索語",
["ark"] = "阿利加布語",
["arl"] = "阿拉貝拉語",
["arn"] = "馬普切語",
["aro"] = "阿拉奧納語",
["arp"] = "阿拉帕霍語",
["arq"] = "阿爾及利亞阿拉伯語",
["arr"] = "拉馬拉馬語",
["ars"] = "內志阿拉伯語",
["art-adu"] = "Adûni",
["art-bel"] = "貝爾特克里奧爾語",
["art-blk"] = "博拉克語",
["art-bsp"] = "黑暗語",
["art-com"] = "溝通語",
["art-dtk"] = "多斯拉克語",
["art-elo"] = "埃羅伊語",
["art-gld"] = "Goa'uld",
["art-lap"] = "Lapine",
["art-man"] = "曼達洛語",
["art-mun"] = "Mundolinco",
["art-nav"] = "納美語",
["art-vlh"] = "高等瓦雷利亞語",
["aru"] = "阿拉瓦語",
["arv"] = "阿爾博雷語",
["arw"] = "阿拉瓦克語",
["arx"] = "阿魯阿什語",
["ary"] = "摩洛哥阿拉伯語",
["arz"] = "埃及阿拉伯語",
["as"] = "阿薩姆語",
["asa"] = "帕雷語",
["asb"] = "阿西內本語",
["asc"] = "木麻黃海岸阿斯馬特語",
["ase"] = "美國手語",
["asf"] = "澳洲手語",
["asg"] = "克立新機尼語",
["ash"] = "Abishira",
["asi"] = "布魯威語",
["asj"] = "Nsari",
["ask"] = "阿什昆語",
["asl"] = "阿西魯魯語",
["asn"] = "興古河阿蘇里尼語",
["aso"] = "達諾語",
["asp"] = "阿爾及利亞手語",
["asq"] = "奧地利手語",
["asr"] = "阿蘇里語",
["ass"] = "伊波羅語",
["ast"] = "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
["asu"] = "阿蘇里尼語",
["asv"] = "Asoa",
["asw"] = "澳洲原住民手語",
["asx"] = "穆拉塔雅克語",
["asy"] = "Yaosakor Asmat",
["asz"] = "亞斯語",
["ata"] = "佩勒-阿塔語",
["atb"] = "載瓦語",
["atc"] = "阿查瓦卡語",
["atd"] = "亞他-馬諾博語",
["ate"] = "Atemble",
["atg"] = "奧克佩拉語",
["ath-nic"] = "尼科拉語",
["ath-pro"] = "原始德內語",
["ati"] = "阿蒂耶語",
["atj"] = "阿提卡米克語",
["atk"] = "阿蒂語",
["atl"] = "伊拉亞山阿埃塔語",
["atm"] = "阿塔語",
["ato"] = "阿通語 (喀麥隆)",
["atp"] = "卜多-亞塔語",
["atq"] = "阿拉列-達布拉罕語",
["atr"] = "韋米里-阿特羅阿里語",
["ats"] = "格羅斯文特語",
["att"] = "帕姆普羅納-阿塔語",
["atu"] = "雷厄勒語",
["atv"] = "北阿爾泰語",
["atw"] = "阿楚格維語",
["atx"] = "阿魯塔尼語",
["aty"] = "阿內瓊語",
["atz"] = "阿爾塔語",
["aua"] = "阿松博亞語",
["aub"] = "阿盧固語",
["auc"] = "瓦奧語",
["aud"] = "阿努塔語",
["auf-pro"] = "原始阿拉萬語",
["aug"] = "Aguna",
["auh"] = "Aushi",
["aui"] = "阿努基語",
["auj"] = "奧吉拉語",
["auk"] = "赫有語",
["aul"] = "奧盧亞語",
["aum"] = "阿蘇語",
["aun"] = "莫爾莫-奧內語",
["auo"] = "Auyokawa",
["aup"] = "馬卡揚語",
["auq"] = "阿努斯語",
["aur"] = "Aruek",
["aus-alu"] = "阿倫古爾語",
["aus-and"] = "Andjingith",
["aus-ang"] = "昂庫拉語",
["aus-arn-pro"] = "原始安恆語",
["aus-bra"] = "Barranbinya",
["aus-brm"] = "Barunggam",
["aus-cww-pro"] = "原始中新南威爾士語",
["aus-dal-pro"] = "Proto-Daly",
["aus-guw"] = "古瓦爾語",
["aus-lsw"] = "Little Swanport",
["aus-mbi"] = "Mbiywom",
["aus-ngk"] = "Ngkoth",
["aus-nyu-pro"] = "原始紐爾紐爾語",
["aus-pam-pro"] = "原始帕馬-恩永甘語",
["aus-tul"] = "圖盧阿語",
["aus-uwi"] = "Uwinymil",
["aus-wdj-pro"] = "原始伊瓦伊賈語",
["aus-won"] = "Wong-gie",
["aus-wul"] = "伍爾古魯語",
["aus-ynk"] = "揚卡爾語",
["aut"] = "奧斯特拉語",
["auu"] = "奧耶語",
["auw"] = "Awyi",
["aux"] = "Aurá",
["auy"] = "Auyana",
["auz"] = "烏茲別克阿拉伯語",
["av"] = "阿瓦爾語",
["avb"] = "阿瓦烏語",
["avd"] = "阿爾維里-維達里語",
["avi"] = "阿維坎語",
["avk"] = "科塔瓦語",
["avm"] = "昂卡穆蒂語",
["avn"] = "阿瓦蒂梅語",
["avs"] = "Aushiri",
["avt"] = "澳語",
["avu"] = "阿沃卡雅語",
["avv"] = "阿瓦-卡諾伊羅語",
["awa"] = "阿瓦德語",
["awb"] = "阿瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
["awc"] = "茨茨普語",
["awd-ama"] = "阿馬里扎納語",
["awd-amc-pro"] = "Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro",
["awd-ana"] = "Anauyá",
["awd-apo"] = "阿波利斯塔語",
["awd-cab"] = "卡布雷語",
["awd-gnu"] = "Guinau",
["awd-kar"] = "卡里艾語",
["awd-kaw"] = "卡威沙納語",
["awd-kmp-pro"] = "Proto-Kampa",
["awd-kus"] = "庫斯特瑙語",
["awd-man"] = "Manao",
["awd-mar"] = "馬拉萬語",
["awd-mpr"] = "邁普雷語",
["awd-mrt"] = "Mariaté",
["awd-nwk-pro"] = "原始納威基語",
["awd-pai"] = "Paikoneka",
["awd-pas"] = "Passé",
["awd-pro"] = "原始阿拉瓦克語",
["awd-prw-pro"] = "Proto-Paresi-Waura",
["awd-she"] = "謝巴約語",
["awd-taa-pro"] = "原始泰諾-阿拉瓦克語",
["awd-wai"] = "Wainumá",
["awd-war"] = "Old Warekena",
["awd-yum"] = "Yumana",
["awe"] = "阿威其語",
["awg"] = "安古蒂姆里語",
["awh"] = "Awbono",
["awi"] = "阿溫語",
["awk"] = "阿瓦巴卡爾語",
["awm"] = "Arawum",
["awn"] = "奧義語",
["awo"] = "阿瓦克語",
["awr"] = "阿維拉語",
["aws"] = "南奧尤語",
["awt"] = "阿拉威德語",
["awu"] = "中奧尤語",
["awv"] = "賈爾奧尤語",
["aww"] = "Awun",
["awx"] = "阿瓦拉語",
["awy"] = "埃德拉奧尤語",
["axb"] = "阿比坡尼語",
["axe"] = "Ayerrerenge",
["axg"] = "Mato Grosso Arára",
["axk"] = "阿卡語 (中非)",
["axl"] = "南阿蘭達語",
["axm"] = "中古亞美尼亞語",
["axx"] = "哈拉古雷語",
["ay"] = "艾馬拉語",
["aya"] = "阿瓦爾語 (新幾內亞)",
["ayb"] = "阿伊佐語",
["ayd"] = "阿雅巴德胡語",
["aye"] = "阿耶勒語",
["ayg"] = "Nyanga (Togo)",
["ayi"] = "Leyigha",
["ayk"] = "Akuku",
["ayl"] = "利比亞阿拉伯語",
["ayn"] = "也門阿拉伯語",
["ayo"] = "扎穆科語",
["ayp"] = "北美索不達米亞阿拉伯語",
["ayq"] = "阿義語",
["ays"] = "索爾索貢-艾塔語",
["ayt"] = "巴丹埃塔語",
["ayu"] = "阿尤語",
["ayz"] = "梅布拉特語",
["az"] = "阿塞拜疆語",
["aza"] = "阿扎語 (漢藏語系)",
["azc-caz"] = "Cazcan",
["azc-cup-pro"] = "原始庫帕語",
["azc-ktn"] = "Kitanemuk",
["azc-nah-pro"] = "原始納瓦語",
["azc-nic"] = "尼科雷尼奧語",
["azc-num-pro"] = "原始努姆語",
["azc-pro"] = "原始猶他-阿茲特克語",
["azc-tak-pro"] = "原始塔基語",
["azc-tat"] = "Tataviam",
["azd"] = "東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語",
["azg"] = "聖彼德羅阿穆茲戈語",
["azm"] = "伊帕拉帕阿穆茲戈語",
["azn"] = "西杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語",
["azo"] = "阿榮語",
["azt"] = "懷爾-亞塔語",
["azz"] = "高地普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
["ba"] = "巴什基爾語",
["baa"] = "巴巴塔納語",
["bab"] = "Bainouk-Gunyuño",
["bac"] = "巴杜伊語",
["bae"] = "巴雷語",
["baf"] = "努巴查語",
["bag"] = "圖基語",
["bah"] = "巴哈馬克里奧爾語",
["baj"] = "巴拉凱語",
["bal"] = "俾路支語",
["ban"] = "巴厘語",
["bao"] = "巴拉語",
["bap"] = "班塔瓦語",
["bar"] = "巴伐利亞語",
["bas"] = "巴薩語",
["bau"] = "巴丹奇語",
["bav"] = "巴本戈語",
["baw"] = "Bambili-Bambui",
["bax"] = "巴姆穆語",
["bay"] = "巴圖萊語",
["bba"] = "Baatonum",
["bbb"] = "巴賴語",
["bbc"] = "托巴巴塔克語",
["bbd"] = "Bau",
["bbe"] = "邦巴語",
["bbf"] = "Baibai",
["bbg"] = "巴拉馬語",
["bbh"] = "Bugan",
["bbi"] = "Barombi",
["bbj"] = "戈馬拉語",
["bbk"] = "巴邦基語",
["bbl"] = "巴茨語",
["bbm"] = "Babango",
["bbn"] = "烏尼阿帕語",
["bbo"] = "Konabéré",
["bbp"] = "West Central Banda",
["bbq"] = "巴馬里語",
["bbr"] = "吉拉瓦語",
["bbs"] = "巴克平卡語",
["bbt"] = "姆布爾庫語",
["bbu"] = "巴庫隆語",
["bbv"] = "卡奈語",
["bbw"] = "巴巴語",
["bbx"] = "布比亞語",
["bby"] = "Befang",
["bca"] = "中部白語",
["bcb"] = "Bainouk-Samik",
["bcd"] = "北巴巴爾語",
["bce"] = "Bamenyam",
["bcf"] = "巴穆語",
["bcg"] = "Baga Pokur",
["bch"] = "巴里艾語",
["bci"] = "巴烏萊語",
["bcj"] = "巴爾迪語",
["bck"] = "布納巴語",
["bcl"] = "中比科爾語",
["bcm"] = "巴諾尼語",
["bcn"] = "比巴阿利語",
["bco"] = "卡盧利語",
["bcp"] = "巴麗語",
["bcq"] = "Bench",
["bcr"] = "Babine-Witsuwit'en",
["bcs"] = "Kohumono",
["bct"] = "Bendi",
["bcu"] = "Biliau",
["bcv"] = "Shoo-Minda-Nye",
["bcw"] = "Bana",
["bcy"] = "Bacama",
["bcz"] = "Bainouk-Gunyaamolo",
["bda"] = "巴約特語",
["bdb"] = "巴薩普語",
["bdc"] = "Emberá-Baudó",
["bdd"] = "布納馬語",
["bde"] = "巴德語",
["bdf"] = "Biage",
["bdg"] = "邦吉語",
["bdh"] = "Tara Baka",
["bdi"] = "布龍語",
["bdj"] = "拜語",
["bdk"] = "布都赫語",
["bdl"] = "印尼巴瑤語",
["bdm"] = "布杜馬語",
["bdn"] = "Baldemu",
["bdo"] = "Morom",
["bdp"] = "本德語",
["bdq"] = "巴拿語",
["bdr"] = "西海岸巴瑤語",
["bds"] = "布龍吉語",
["bdt"] = "博科托語",
["bdu"] = "奧羅科語",
["bdv"] = "博多帕爾賈語",
["bdw"] = "巴哈姆語",
["bdx"] = "勿董-勿董語",
["bdy"] = "班賈朗語",
["bdz"] = "巴德斯語",
["be"] = "白俄羅斯語",
["bea"] = "達內-扎阿語",
["beb"] = "貝貝勒語",
["bec"] = "Iceve-Maci",
["bed"] = "貝都安納斯語",
["bee"] = "比昂西語",
["bef"] = "貝納貝納語",
["beg"] = "馬來奕語",
["beh"] = "比亞利語",
["bei"] = "巴卡提語",
["bej"] = "貝扎語",
["bek"] = "貝貝利語",
["bem"] = "本巴語",
["beo"] = "貝亞米語",
["bep"] = "貝梭阿語",
["beq"] = "本貝語",
["ber-fog"] = "福加哈語",
["ber-pro"] = "原始柏柏爾語",
["ber-zuw"] = "祖瓦拉語",
["bes"] = "貝斯梅語",
["bet"] = "Guiberoua Bété",
["beu"] = "布拉加爾語",
["bev"] = "Daloa Bété",
["bew"] = "伯塔維語",
["bex"] = "Jur Modo",
["bey"] = "貝里語",
["bez"] = "貝納語",
["bfa"] = "巴里語",
["bfb"] = "鮑里巴雷里語",
["bfc"] = "北部白語",
["bfd"] = "富特語",
["bfe"] = "貝塔夫語",
["bff"] = "Bofi",
["bfg"] = "布桑加央語",
["bfh"] = "布拉菲語",
["bfi"] = "英國手語",
["bfj"] = "巴凡吉語",
["bfk"] = "班科手語",
["bfl"] = "Banda-Ndélé",
["bfm"] = "姆門語",
["bfn"] = "布納克語",
["bfo"] = "Malba Birifor",
["bfp"] = "Beba",
["bfq"] = "巴達加語",
["bfr"] = "巴齊加爾語",
["bfs"] = "南部白語",
["bft"] = "巴爾蒂語",
["bfu"] = "布南語",
["bfw"] = "邦都語",
["bfx"] = "班塔雅農語",
["bfy"] = "巴格里語",
["bfz"] = "馬哈蘇帕哈里語",
["bg"] = "保加利亞語",
["bga"] = "瓜姆希-烏里語",
["bgb"] = "波朋哥語",
["bgc"] = "哈爾彥維語",
["bgd"] = "拉特維巴雷里語",
["bge"] = "包利雅語",
["bgf"] = "Bangandu",
["bgg"] = "布貢語",
["bgi"] = "嘉安語",
["bgj"] = "Bangolan",
["bgk"] = "布興語",
["bgl"] = "Bo",
["bgo"] = "Baga Koga",
["bgq"] = "巴格里語",
["bgr"] = "Bawm Chin",
["bgs"] = "塔加巴瓦語",
["bgt"] = "布戈圖語",
["bgu"] = "Mbongno",
["bgv"] = "瓦爾凱-比皮姆語",
["bgw"] = "巴特里語",
["bgx"] = "巴爾幹加告茲土耳其語",
["bgy"] = "Benggoi",
["bgz"] = "邦蓋語",
["bh"] = "比哈爾語",
["bha"] = "Bharia",
["bhb"] = "比里語",
["bhc"] = "Biga",
["bhd"] = "巴德拉瓦希語",
["bhe"] = "巴雅語",
["bhf"] = "Odiai",
["bhg"] = "Binandere",
["bhh"] = "Bukhari",
["bhi"] = "比拉里語",
["bhj"] = "Bahing",
["bhl"] = "Bimin",
["bhm"] = "Bathari",
["bhn"] = "波坦新亞拉姆語",
["bho"] = "博杰普爾語",
["bhp"] = "比馬語",
["bhq"] = "南部杜剛貝西語",
["bhs"] = "布瓦爾語",
["bht"] = "巴梯亞里語",
["bhu"] = "本賈語",
["bhv"] = "巴豪語",
["bhw"] = "比亞克語",
["bhx"] = "巴萊語",
["bhy"] = "貝萊語",
["bhz"] = "巴打語",
["bi"] = "比斯拉馬語",
["bia"] = "巴迪馬亞語",
["bib"] = "Bissa",
["bid"] = "比迪約語",
["bie"] = "Bepour",
["bif"] = "比阿法達語",
["big"] = "Biangai",
["bij"] = "寬卡語",
["bil"] = "比洛克西語",
["bim"] = "比莫巴語",
["bin"] = "埃多語",
["bio"] = "Nai",
["bip"] = "比拉語",
["biq"] = "畢皮語",
["bir"] = "比索里奧語",
["bit"] = "Berinomo",
["biu"] = "比埃特語",
["biv"] = "Southern Birifor",
["biw"] = "Kol (Cameroon)",
["bix"] = "Bijori",
["biy"] = "Birhor",
["biz"] = "巴洛伊語",
["bja"] = "布扎語",
["bjb"] = "巴爾恩加爾拉語",
["bjc"] = "巴里吉語",
["bje"] = "標敏語",
["bjf"] = "巴爾扎尼猶太阿拉姆語",
["bjg"] = "Bidyogo",
["bjh"] = "Bahinemo",
["bji"] = "布爾吉語",
["bjj"] = "Kannauji",
["bjk"] = "Barok",
["bjl"] = "布魯語 (新幾內亞)",
["bjm"] = "巴傑蘭語",
["bjn"] = "班查語",
["bjo"] = "Mid-Southern Banda",
["bjp"] = "Fanamaket",
["bjr"] = "Binumarien",
["bjs"] = "巴詹語",
["bjt"] = "甘加-巴蘭塔語",
["bju"] = "布蘇烏語",
["bjv"] = "Bedjond",
["bjw"] = "Bakwé",
["bjx"] = "Banao Itneg",
["bjy"] = "巴亞利語",
["bjz"] = "巴魯加語",
["bka"] = "基亞克語",
["bkc"] = "巴卡語",
["bkd"] = "布基語",
["bkf"] = "Beeke",
["bkg"] = "布拉卡語",
["bkh"] = "巴科科語",
["bki"] = "Baki",
["bkj"] = "Pande",
["bkk"] = "布羅克斯卡特語",
["bkl"] = "貝里克語",
["bkm"] = "康姆語(喀麥隆)",
["bkn"] = "布基坦語",
["bko"] = "克瓦語",
["bkp"] = "伊博科語",
["bkq"] = "巴凱里語",
["bkr"] = "巴昆拜語",
["bks"] = "馬斯巴特索索貢語",
["bkt"] = "Boloki",
["bku"] = "布希德語",
["bkv"] = "貝夸瓦拉語",
["bkw"] = "貝克維爾語",
["bkx"] = "Baikeno",
["bky"] = "博克伊語",
["bkz"] = "本庫語",
["bla"] = "黑腳語",
["blb"] = "比盧阿語",
["blc"] = "貝拉庫拉語",
["bld"] = "波朗果語",
["ble"] = "肯托赫-巴蘭塔語",
["blf"] = "波爾語",
["blg"] = "巴勞語",
["blh"] = "庫瓦阿語",
["bli"] = "博利阿語",
["blj"] = "布隆岸語",
["blk"] = "勃歐語",
["bll"] = "Biloxi",
["blm"] = "貝利語",
["bln"] = "南卡坦端內斯比科爾語",
["blo"] = "Anii",
["blp"] = "布拉布蘭加語",
["blq"] = "巴盧安-帕姆語",
["blr"] = "布朗語",
["bls"] = "巴勒桑語",
["blt"] = "傣黯語",
["blv"] = "基巴拉語",
["blw"] = "巴蘭高語",
["blx"] = "麥因迪埃塔語",
["bly"] = "諾特勒語",
["blz"] = "巴蘭塔語",
["bm"] = "班巴拉語",
["bma"] = "拉梅語",
["bmb"] = "Bembe",
["bmc"] = "巴姆語",
["bmd"] = "Baga Manduri",
["bme"] = "利馬薩語",
["bmf"] = "博姆語",
["bmg"] = "班維語",
["bmh"] = "凱恩語",
["bmi"] = "巴吉爾米語",
["bmj"] = "博特-邁希語",
["bmk"] = "加雅維語",
["bml"] = "邦博利語",
["bmn"] = "比納語",
["bmo"] = "Bambalang",
["bmp"] = "Bulgebi",
["bmq"] = "博穆語",
["bmr"] = "穆伊納內語",
["bmt"] = "標曼語",
["bmu"] = "Somba-Siawari",
["bmv"] = "布姆語",
["bmw"] = "Bomwali",
["bmx"] = "拜馬克語",
["bmz"] = "巴拉穆語",
["bn"] = "孟加拉語",
["bna"] = "彭內拉提語",
["bnb"] = "保坎語",
["bnd"] = "班達語",
["bne"] = "賓陶納語",
["bnf"] = "馬西旺語",
["bng"] = "Benga",
["bni"] = "邦吉語",
["bnj"] = "東塔烏碧語",
["bnk"] = "Bierebo",
["bnl"] = "布恩語",
["bnm"] = "Batanga",
["bnn"] = "布農語",
["bno"] = "班頓語",
["bnp"] = "勃拉語",
["bnq"] = "班第語",
["bnr"] = "Butmas-Tur",
["bns"] = "布恩德里語",
["bnt-bal"] = "Balong",
["bnt-bon"] = "博馬恩庫語",
["bnt-boy"] = "博馬尤穆語",
["bnt-bwa"] = "布瓦拉語",
["bnt-cmw"] = "奇姆威尼語",
["bnt-ind"] = "Indanga",
["bnt-lal"] = "拉拉語 (南非)",
["bnt-mpi"] = "Mpiin",
["bnt-mpu"] = "Mpuono",
["bnt-ngu-pro"] = "原始恩古尼語",
["bnt-phu"] = "普提語",
["bnt-pro"] = "原始班圖語",
["bnt-sab-pro"] = "原始薩巴基語",
["bnt-sbo"] = "南博馬語",
["bnt-sts-pro"] = "原始索托-茨瓦納語",
["bnu"] = "本東語",
["bnv"] = "貝內拉夫語",
["bnw"] = "比西斯語",
["bnx"] = "邦古邦古語",
["bny"] = "民都魯語",
["bnz"] = "Beezen",
["bo"] = "藏語",
["boa"] = "博拉語",
["bob"] = "Aweer",
["boe"] = "蒙達布利語",
["bof"] = "Bolon",
["bog"] = "Bamako Sign Language",
["boh"] = "North Boma",
["boi"] = "Barbareño",
["boj"] = "安賈姆語",
["bok"] = "Bonjo",
["bol"] = "博雷語",
["bom"] = "Berom",
["bon"] = "Bine",
["boo"] = "Tiemacèwè Bozo",
["bop"] = "Bonkiman",
["boq"] = "博加亞語",
["bor"] = "博羅洛語",
["bot"] = "邦戈語",
["bou"] = "邦代語",
["bov"] = "圖伍利語",
["bow"] = "雷馬語",
["box"] = "布阿穆語",
["boy"] = "Bodo (Central Africa)",
["boz"] = "Tiéyaxo Bozo",
["bpa"] = "達卡卡語",
["bpd"] = "班達-班達語",
["bpe"] = "Bauni",
["bpg"] = "Bonggo",
["bph"] = "博特利赫語",
["bpi"] = "巴古皮語",
["bpj"] = "賓吉語",
["bpk"] = "奧羅韋語",
["bpl"] = "布魯姆採珠船皮欽語",
["bpm"] = "比約姆語",
["bpn"] = "藻敏語",
["bpo"] = "Anasi",
["bpp"] = "Kaure",
["bpq"] = "班達-馬來語",
["bpr"] = "科羅納達爾-布拉安語",
["bps"] = "薩蘭尼加-布拉安語",
["bpt"] = "巴羅角語",
["bpu"] = "Bongu",
["bpv"] = "Bian Marind",
["bpx"] = "帕爾雅巴雷里語",
["bpy"] = "比什奴普萊利亞-曼尼普爾語",
["bpz"] = "比爾巴語",
["bqa"] = "Tchumbuli",
["bqb"] = "巴古薩語",
["bqc"] = "博科語",
["bqd"] = "邦語",
["bqf"] = "Baga Kaloum",
["bqg"] = "Bago-Kusuntu",
["bqh"] = "白馬語",
["bqi"] = "巴赫蒂亞里語",
["bqj"] = "班迪阿爾語",
["bqk"] = "班達-姆布雷斯語",
["bql"] = "比拉庫拉語",
["bqm"] = "伍姆博科語",
["bqn"] = "保加利亞手語",
["bqo"] = "巴洛語",
["bqp"] = "布撒語",
["bqq"] = "比里泰語",
["bqr"] = "布魯蘇語",
["bqs"] = "博斯溫語",
["bqt"] = "巴穆昆比特語",
["bqu"] = "博古魯語",
["bqv"] = "Begbere-Ejar",
["bqw"] = "Buru (Nigeria)",
["bqx"] = "Baangi",
["bqy"] = "本卡拉首手語",
["bqz"] = "巴卡卡語",
["br"] = "布列塔尼語",
["bra"] = "布萊語",
["brb"] = "拉韋語",
["brc"] = "伯比斯克里奧爾荷蘭語",
["brd"] = "巴拉姆語",
["brf"] = "貝拉語",
["brg"] = "包雷語",
["brh"] = "布拉灰語",
["bri"] = "莫克普韋語",
["brj"] = "比埃里亞語",
["brk"] = "比爾吉德語",
["brl"] = "比爾瓦語",
["brm"] = "巴蘭布語",
["brn"] = "博魯卡語",
["bro"] = "布羅卡特語",
["brp"] = "巴拉帕西語",
["brq"] = "布雷里語",
["brr"] = "比勞語",
["brs"] = "貝拉斯語",
["brt"] = "比塔雷語",
["bru"] = "東布魯語",
["brv"] = "西布魯語",
["brw"] = "貝拉里語",
["brx"] = "博多語",
["bry"] = "Burui",
["brz"] = "比爾比爾語",
["bsa"] = "阿比諾姆語",
["bsb"] = "汶萊米沙鄢語",
["bsc"] = "Bassari",
["bse"] = "伍希語",
["bsf"] = "Bauchi",
["bsg"] = "巴斯卡爾迪語",
["bsh"] = "卡姆卡塔-維利語",
["bsi"] = "Bassossi",
["bsj"] = "Bangwinji",
["bsk"] = "布魯夏斯基語",
["bsl"] = "Basa-Gumna",
["bsm"] = "布薩米語",
["bsn"] = "巴拉薩那語",
["bso"] = "布索語",
["bsp"] = "巴加西特穆語",
["bsq"] = "巴薩語",
["bsr"] = "Bassa-Kontagora",
["bss"] = "阿庫色語",
["bst"] = "Basketo",
["bsu"] = "巴洪率語",
["bsv"] = "Baga Sobané",
["bsw"] = "巴伊索語",
["bsx"] = "Yangkam",
["bsy"] = "沙巴米沙鄢語",
["bta"] = "巴塔語",
["btc"] = "巴蒂語 (喀麥隆)",
["btd"] = "代里巴塔克語",
["bte"] = "Gamo-Ningi",
["btf"] = "比爾吉特語",
["btg"] = "Gagnoa Bété",
["bth"] = "比亞塔比達友語",
["bti"] = "Burate",
["btj"] = "巴占馬來語",
["btk-pro"] = "原始巴塔克語",
["btm"] = "曼代靈巴塔克語",
["btn"] = "拉達農語",
["bto"] = "伊里加比科拉諾語",
["btp"] = "布迪布德語",
["btq"] = "巴特克語",
["btr"] = "Baetora",
["bts"] = "西馬隆貢巴塔克語",
["btt"] = "Bete-Bendi",
["btu"] = "巴圖語",
["btv"] = "巴特里語",
["btw"] = "布圖阿農語",
["btx"] = "卡羅巴塔克語",
["bty"] = "博博特語",
["btz"] = "阿拉斯-克盧埃特語",
["bua"] = "布里亞特語",
["bub"] = "布阿語",
["bud"] = "恩查姆語",
["bue"] = "貝奧圖克語",
["buf"] = "Bushoong",
["bug"] = "布吉語",
["buh"] = "優諾語",
["bui"] = "邦吉利語",
["buj"] = "Basa-Gurmana",
["buk"] = "布卡瓦語",
["bum"] = "布魯語 (喀麥隆)",
["bun"] = "Sherbro",
["buo"] = "Terei",
["bup"] = "布沙語",
["buq"] = "布雷姆語",
["bus"] = "Bokobaru",
["but"] = "本嘉因語",
["buu"] = "布杜語",
["buv"] = "Bun",
["buw"] = "布比語",
["bux"] = "博格霍姆語",
["buy"] = "姆馬尼語",
["bva"] = "巴雷因語",
["bvb"] = "布貝語",
["bvc"] = "Baelelea",
["bvd"] = "巴埃古語",
["bve"] = "貝勞馬來語",
["bvf"] = "勃爾語",
["bvg"] = "Bonkeng",
["bvh"] = "布雷語",
["bvi"] = "Belanda Viri",
["bvj"] = "巴安語",
["bvk"] = "布卡特語",
["bvl"] = "玻利維亞手語",
["bvm"] = "巴蒙卡語",
["bvn"] = "布那語",
["bvo"] = "Bolgo",
["bvp"] = "布芒語",
["bvq"] = "Birri",
["bvr"] = "布拉拉語",
["bvt"] = "巴蒂語 (印尼)",
["bvu"] = "武吉馬來語",
["bvv"] = "巴尼瓦語",
["bvw"] = "Boga",
["bvx"] = "巴博萊語",
["bvy"] = "拜拜語",
["bvz"] = "鮑茲語",
["bwa"] = "布瓦圖語",
["bwb"] = "Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua",
["bwc"] = "Bwile",
["bwd"] = "布懷多卡語",
["bwe"] = "布韋卡倫語",
["bwf"] = "博塞萊瓦語",
["bwg"] = "巴爾韋語",
["bwh"] = "比舒奧語",
["bwi"] = "巴尼瓦語",
["bwj"] = "Láá Láá Bwamu",
["bwk"] = "包瓦基語",
["bwl"] = "布韋拉語",
["bwm"] = "比瓦特語",
["bwn"] = "唔奈語",
["bwo"] = "席那夏語",
["bwp"] = "曼多波巴勞語",
["bwq"] = "南博博語",
["bwr"] = "布拉語",
["bws"] = "本博馬語",
["bwt"] = "巴福語",
["bwu"] = "Buli (Ghana)",
["bww"] = "布瓦語",
["bwx"] = "布努語",
["bwy"] = "茨韋布瓦穆語",
["bwz"] = "布威西語",
["bxa"] = "鮑羅語",
["bxb"] = "Belanda Bor",
["bxc"] = "Molengue",
["bxd"] = "波拉語",
["bxe"] = "Ongota",
["bxf"] = "比盧爾語",
["bxg"] = "班加拉語",
["bxh"] = "布胡圖語",
["bxi"] = "皮爾拉塔帕語",
["bxj"] = "巴永古語",
["bxk"] = "布克蘇語",
["bxl"] = "賈爾庫南語",
["bxn"] = "布爾杜納語",
["bxo"] = "巴里坎奇語",
["bxp"] = "貝比爾語",
["bxq"] = "Beele",
["bxs"] = "布薩姆語",
["bxv"] = "貝拉科語",
["bxw"] = "班卡語",
["bxz"] = "比納哈里語",
["bya"] = "巴拉望巴塔克語",
["byb"] = "比克亞語",
["byc"] = "Ubaghara",
["byd"] = "本雅度語",
["bye"] = "波耶語",
["byf"] = "貝特語",
["byg"] = "Baygo",
["byh"] = "Bujhyal",
["byi"] = "布尤語",
["byj"] = "比納瓦語",
["byk"] = "標話",
["byl"] = "巴尤諾語",
["bym"] = "比賈拉語",
["byn"] = "比林語",
["byo"] = "碧約語",
["byp"] = "布馬吉語",
["byq"] = "巴賽語",
["byr"] = "伊普馬語",
["bys"] = "布拉克語",
["byt"] = "扎加瓦語",
["byv"] = "梅敦巴語",
["byw"] = "貝拉里雅語",
["byx"] = "卡科特語",
["byz"] = "巴納羅語",
["bza"] = "班迪語",
["bzb"] = "阿尼迪歐語",
["bzd"] = "布里布里語",
["bze"] = "傑納馬博佐語",
["bzf"] = "博伊肯語",
["bzg"] = "巴布薩語",
["bzh"] = "Mapos Buang",
["bzi"] = "畢蘇語",
["bzj"] = "伯利茲克里奧爾語",
["bzk"] = "尼加拉瓜克里奧爾語",
["bzl"] = "波阿諾語 (蘇拉威西島)",
["bzm"] = "波朗多語",
["bzn"] = "波阿諾語 (摩鹿加群島)",
["bzo"] = "Bozaba",
["bzp"] = "肯貝拉諾語",
["bzq"] = "Buli (Indonesia)",
["bzr"] = "比里語",
["bzs"] = "巴西手語",
["bzu"] = "布爾梅索語",
["bzv"] = "貝貝語",
["bzw"] = "巴薩語",
["bzx"] = "Hainyaxo Bozo",
["bzy"] = "奧班利庫語",
["bzz"] = "埃萬特語",
["ca"] = "加泰羅尼亞語",
["caa"] = "喬爾蒂語",
["cab"] = "加里富納語",
["cac"] = "丘赫語",
["cad"] = "喀多語",
["cae"] = "Laalaa",
["caf"] = "南達凱爾語",
["cag"] = "尼瓦克萊語",
["cah"] = "Cahuarano",
["caj"] = "Chané",
["cak"] = "喀克其奎語",
["cal"] = "加羅林語",
["cam"] = "卡穆希語",
["can"] = "Chambri",
["cao"] = "Chácobo",
["cap"] = "奇帕亞語",
["caq"] = "卡爾尼科巴語",
["car"] = "加勒比語",
["cas"] = "奇馬內語",
["cau-abz-pro"] = "原始阿布哈茲-阿巴扎語",
["cau-and-pro"] = "原始安迪語",
["cau-ava-pro"] = "原始阿瓦爾-安迪語",
["cau-cir-pro"] = "原始切爾克斯語",
["cau-drg-pro"] = "原始達爾金語",
["cau-lzg-pro"] = "原始列茲金語",
["cau-nec-pro"] = "原始東北高加索語",
["cau-nkh-pro"] = "原始納克語",
["cau-nwc-pro"] = "原始西北高加索語",
["cau-tsz-pro"] = "原始采茲語",
["cav"] = "卡維內納語",
["caw"] = "卡拉瓦亞語",
["cax"] = "溪吉丹諾語",
["cay"] = "卡尤加語",
["caz"] = "Canichana",
["cba-ata"] = "阿坦奎語",
["cba-cat"] = "Catío Chibcha",
["cba-dor"] = "多拉斯克語",
["cba-dui"] = "Duit",
["cba-hue"] = "Huetar",
["cba-nut"] = "Nutabe",
["cba-pro"] = "原始奇布查語",
["cbb"] = "Cabiyarí",
["cbc"] = "卡拉帕納語",
["cbd"] = "Carijona",
["cbg"] = "Chimila",
["cbi"] = "查茨語",
["cbj"] = "Ede Cabe",
["cbk"] = "查瓦卡諾語",
["cbl"] = "Bualkhaw Chin",
["cbn"] = "涅固爾語",
["cbo"] = "Izora",
["cbq"] = "Shuba",
["cbr"] = "Cashibo-Cacataibo",
["cbs"] = "嘉西納瓦語",
["cbt"] = "Chayahuita",
["cbu"] = "Candoshi-Shapra",
["cbv"] = "Cacua",
["cbw"] = "Kinabalian",
["cby"] = "Carabayo",
["ccc"] = "查米庫羅語",
["ccd"] = "Cafundó",
["cce"] = "朝比語",
["ccg"] = "Chamba Daka",
["cch"] = "阿燦語",
["ccj"] = "Kasanga",
["ccl"] = "Cutchi-Swahili",
["ccm"] = "馬六甲克里奧爾馬來語",
["cco"] = "科馬爾特佩克-奇南特克語",
["ccp"] = "查克馬語",
["ccr"] = "Cacaopera",
["ccs-gzn-pro"] = "原始格魯吉亞-贊語",
["ccs-pro"] = "原始南高加索語",
["cda"] = "卓尼語",
["cdc-cbm-pro"] = "原始中乍得語",
["cdc-mas-pro"] = "Proto-Masa",
["cdc-pro"] = "原始乍得語",
["cdd-pro"] = "Proto-Caddoan",
["cde"] = "Chenchu",
["cdf"] = "Chiru",
["cdh"] = "昌貝阿里語",
["cdi"] = "楚德里語",
["cdj"] = "楚拉希語",
["cdm"] = "切彭語",
["cdn"] = "Chaudangsi",
["cdo"] = "閩東語",
["cdr"] = "Cinda-Regi-Tiyal",
["cds"] = "乍得手語",
["cdy"] = "茶洞語",
["cdz"] = "Koda",
["ce"] = "車臣語",
["cea"] = "下奇黑利斯語",
["ceb"] = "宿霧語",
["ceg"] = "沙馬可可語",
["cel-bry-pro"] = "原始布立吞語",
["cel-gal"] = "伽萊基亞語",
["cel-gau"] = "高盧語",
["cel-pro"] = "原始凱爾特語",
["cen"] = "Cen",
["cet"] = "Centúúm",
["cfa"] = "Dijim-Bwilim",
["cfd"] = "Cara",
["cfg"] = "Como Karim",
["cfm"] = "法蘭欽語",
["cga"] = "Changriwa",
["cgc"] = "卡加揚語",
["cgg"] = "奇加語",
["cgk"] = "喬孔卡語",
["ch"] = "查莫羅語",
["chb"] = "奇布查語",
["chc"] = "卡托巴語",
["chd"] = "高地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語",
["chf"] = "塔巴斯科瓊塔爾語",
["chg"] = "察合臺語",
["chh"] = "奇努克語",
["chi-pro"] = "Proto-Chimakuan",
["chj"] = "奧希特蘭奇南特克語",
["chk"] = "楚克語",
["chl"] = "卡維拉語",
["chm-pro"] = "原始馬里語",
["chn"] = "契努克語",
["cho"] = "喬克托語",
["chp"] = "契帕瓦語",
["chq"] = "基奧基特佩克奇南特克語",
["chr"] = "切羅基語",
["cht"] = "Cholón",
["chw"] = "楚阿博語",
["chx"] = "Chantyal",
["chy"] = "夏延語",
["chz"] = "奧蘇馬辛奇南特克語",
["cia"] = "吉阿吉阿語",
["cib"] = "Ci Gbe",
["cic"] = "奇卡索語",
["cid"] = "Chimariko",
["cie"] = "Cineni",
["cih"] = "奇納里語",
["cik"] = "奇特庫利金瑙里語",
["cim"] = "辛布里語",
["cin"] = "粗腰語",
["cip"] = "恰帕內克語",
["cir"] = "Tiri",
["ciy"] = "Chaima",
["cja"] = "西占語",
["cje"] = "朱魯語",
["cjh"] = "上奇黑利斯語",
["cji"] = "查馬拉爾語",
["cjk"] = "Chokwe",
["cjm"] = "東占語",
["cjn"] = "Chenapian",
["cjo"] = "帕胡納爾-阿舍寧卡語",
["cjp"] = "卡貝卡語",
["cjs"] = "紹爾語",
["cjv"] = "Chuave",
["cjy"] = "晉語",
["ckb"] = "中庫爾德語",
["ckh"] = "Chak",
["ckl"] = "Cibak",
["ckn"] = "Kaang Chin",
["cko"] = "阿努福語",
["ckq"] = "Kajakse",
["ckr"] = "凱拉克語",
["cks"] = "塔約語",
["ckt"] = "楚科奇語",
["cku"] = "科阿薩提語",
["ckv"] = "噶瑪蘭語",
["ckx"] = "Caka",
["cky"] = "Cakfem-Mushere",
["ckz"] = "Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language",
["cla"] = "Ron",
["clc"] = "奇爾科廷語",
["cld"] = "迦勒底新亞拉姆語",
["cle"] = "萊勞奇南特克語",
["clh"] = "Chilisso",
["cli"] = "查卡里語",
["clj"] = "Laitu Chin",
["clk"] = "義都語",
["cll"] = "查拉語",
["clm"] = "克拉勒姆語",
["clo"] = "低地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語",
["clt"] = "勞圖欽語",
["clu"] = "卡魯亞農語",
["clw"] = "楚利姆語",
["cly"] = "東部高地查蒂諾語",
["cma"] = "Maa",
["cmc-pro"] = "原始占語",
["cme"] = "基爾馬語",
["cmg"] = "古典蒙古語",
["cmi"] = "Emberá-Chamí",
["cml"] = "占巴拉宜安語",
["cmm"] = "Michigamea",
["cmn"] = "官話",
["cmo"] = "中墨儂語",
["cmr"] = "Mro Chin",
["cms"] = "梅薩比語",
["cmt"] = "Camtho",
["cna"] = "羌塘語",
["cnb"] = "Chinbon Chin",
["cnc"] = "貢語 (越南)",
["cng"] = "北羌語",
["cnh"] = "哈卡欽語",
["cni"] = "亞夏尼加語",
["cnk"] = "庫米欽語",
["cnl"] = "拉拉納奇南特克語",
["cno"] = "Con",
["cnp"] = "北部平話",
["cns"] = "中阿斯馬特語",
["cnt"] = "特佩托圖特拉奇南特克語",
["cnu"] = "謝努瓦語",
["cnw"] = "Ngawn Chin",
["cnx"] = "中古康沃爾語",
["co"] = "科西嘉語",
["coa"] = "科科斯馬來語",
["cob"] = "奇科穆塞爾特克語",
["coc"] = "科科帕語",
["cod"] = "科卡馬語",
["coe"] = "Koreguaje",
["cof"] = "薩菲吉語",
["cog"] = "仲語",
["coh"] = "齊瓊依-齊基哈納-奇考瑪語",
["coj"] = "Cochimi",
["cok"] = "聖特雷莎科拉語",
["col"] = "哥倫比亞-韋納奇語",
["com"] = "科曼奇語",
["con"] = "科梵語",
["coo"] = "科莫克斯語",
["cop"] = "科普特語",
["coq"] = "Coquille",
["cot"] = "Caquinte",
["cou"] = "Wamey",
["cov"] = "草苗語",
["cow"] = "考利茲語",
["cox"] = "Nanti",
["coy"] = "Coyaima",
["coz"] = "喬喬特克語",
["cpa"] = "帕蘭特拉奇南特克語",
["cpb"] = "Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka",
["cpc"] = "Ajyíninka Apurucayali",
["cpg"] = "卡帕多細亞希臘語",
["cpi"] = "洋涇浜英語",
["cpn"] = "Cherepon",
["cpo"] = "Kpee",
["cps"] = "卡皮塞尼奧語",
["cpu"] = "Pichis Ashéninka",
["cpx"] = "莆仙語",
["cpy"] = "South Ucayali Ashéninka",
["cqd"] = "川黔滇苗語",
["cr"] = "克里語",
["cra"] = "Chara",
["crb"] = "Island Carib",
["crc"] = "Lonwolwol",
["crd"] = "Coeur d'Alene",
["crf"] = "卡拉曼塔語",
["crg"] = "米奇夫語",
["crh"] = "克里米亞韃靼語",
["cri"] = "聖多美語",
["crj"] = "南部東克里語",
["crk"] = "平原克里語",
["crl"] = "北部東克里語",
["crm"] = "穆斯克里語",
["crn"] = "科拉語",
["cro"] = "克勞語",
["crp-bip"] = "巴斯克-冰島皮欽語",
["crp-cpr"] = "中俄混合語",
["crp-gep"] = "西格陵蘭皮欽語",
["crp-kia"] = "膠州灣洋涇浜德語",
["crp-mar"] = "馬龍降靈語",
["crp-mpp"] = "澳門皮欽葡萄牙語",
["crp-rsn"] = "挪威俄語",
["crp-slb"] = "索隆巴拉英語",
["crp-spp"] = "薩摩亞種植園皮欽語",
["crp-tpr"] = "泰梅爾皮欽俄語",
["crq"] = "Iyo'wujwa Chorote",
["crr"] = "卡羅來納阿爾岡昆語",
["crs"] = "塞舌爾克里奧爾語",
["crt"] = "Iyojwa'ja Chorote",
["crv"] = "Chaura",
["crw"] = "遮羅語",
["crx"] = "達凱爾語",
["cry"] = "Cori",
["crz"] = "Cruzeño",
["cs"] = "捷克語",
["csa"] = "奇爾特佩克奇南特克語",
["csb"] = "卡舒比語",
["csc"] = "加泰羅尼亞手語",
["csd"] = "清邁手語",
["cse"] = "捷克手語",
["csf"] = "古巴手語",
["csg"] = "智利手語",
["csh"] = "Asho Chin",
["csi"] = "海岸米沃克語",
["csj"] = "Songlai Chin",
["csk"] = "Jola-Kasa",
["csl"] = "中國手語",
["csm"] = "中部山地米沃克語",
["csn"] = "哥倫比亞手語",
["cso"] = "索奇亞帕姆奇南特克語",
["csp"] = "南部平話",
["csq"] = "克羅地亞手語",
["csr"] = "哥斯達黎加手語",
["css"] = "南奧龍尼語",
["cst"] = "北奧龍尼語",
["csu-bba-pro"] = "Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi",
["csu-maa-pro"] = "Proto-Mangbetu",
["csu-pro"] = "原始中蘇丹語",
["csu-sar-pro"] = "Proto-Sara",
["csv"] = "Sumtu Chin",
["csw"] = "沼澤克里語",
["csx"] = "Cambodian Sign Language",
["csy"] = "Siyin Chin",
["csz"] = "Coos",
["cta"] = "塔塔爾特佩克查蒂諾語",
["ctc"] = "Chetco-Tolowa",
["ctd"] = "梯頂語",
["cte"] = "特皮納帕奇南特克語",
["ctg"] = "吉大港語",
["cth"] = "Thaiphum Chin",
["ctl"] = "特拉科亞津特佩克奇南特克語",
["ctm"] = "奇蒂馬查語",
["ctn"] = "Chhintange",
["cto"] = "Emberá-Catío",
["ctp"] = "西部高地查蒂諾語",
["cts"] = "北卡坦端內斯比科拉諾語",
["ctt"] = "Wayanad Chetti",
["ctu"] = "喬爾語",
["ctz"] = "薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語",
["cu"] = "古教會斯拉夫語",
["cua"] = "戈語",
["cub"] = "庫貝歐語",
["cuc"] = "尤斯拉奇南特克語",
["cug"] = "Cung",
["cuh"] = "楚卡語",
["cui"] = "奎巴語",
["cuj"] = "Mashco Piro",
["cuk"] = "庫那語",
["cul"] = "Culina",
["cuo"] = "庫馬納戈托語",
["cup"] = "庫佩諾語",
["cuq"] = "仡隆語",
["cur"] = "Chhulung",
["cus-ash"] = "Ashraaf",
["cus-hec-pro"] = "原始高地東庫希特語",
["cus-pro"] = "原始庫希特語",
["cus-som-pro"] = "原始類索馬里語",
["cus-sou-pro"] = "原始南庫希特語",
["cut"] = "特烏蒂拉奎卡特克語",
["cuu"] = "傣雅語",
["cuv"] = "喬沃克語",
["cuw"] = "楚克瓦語",
["cux"] = "特佩烏希拉奎卡特克語",
["cuy"] = "Cuitlatec",
["cv"] = "楚瓦什語",
["cvg"] = "Chug",
["cvn"] = "國家山谷奇南特克語",
["cwa"] = "卡布瓦語",
["cwb"] = "Maindo",
["cwd"] = "森林克里語",
["cwe"] = "奎雷語",
["cwg"] = "徹翁語",
["cwt"] = "Kuwaataay",
["cy"] = "威爾士語",
["cya"] = "諾帕拉查蒂諾語",
["cyb"] = "卡尤巴巴語",
["cyo"] = "庫約農語",
["czh"] = "徽語",
["czk"] = "Knaanic",
["czn"] = "森松特佩克查蒂諾語",
["czo"] = "閩中語",
["czt"] = "佐通語",
["da"] = "丹麥語",
["daa"] = "Dangaléat",
["dac"] = "丹比語",
["dad"] = "馬里克語",
["dae"] = "Duupa",
["dag"] = "達加巴尼語",
["dah"] = "Gwahatike",
["dai"] = "Day",
["daj"] = "Dar Fur Daju",
["dak"] = "達科他語",
["dal"] = "達哈洛語",
["dam"] = "達馬卡瓦語",
["dao"] = "Daai Chin",
["daq"] = "Dandami Maria",
["dar"] = "達爾金語",
["das"] = "Daho-Doo",
["dau"] = "Dar Sila Daju",
["dav"] = "台塔語",
["daw"] = "Davawenyo",
["dax"] = "達伊語",
["daz"] = "Dao",
["dba"] = "Bangime",
["dbb"] = "Deno",
["dbd"] = "Dadiya",
["dbe"] = "Dabe",
["dbf"] = "埃多皮語",
["dbg"] = "Dogul Dom",
["dbi"] = "多卡語",
["dbj"] = "伊達安語",
["dbl"] = "迪爾巴爾語",
["dbm"] = "杜古里語",
["dbn"] = "Duriankere",
["dbo"] = "杜爾布語",
["dbp"] = "杜瓦語",
["dbq"] = "達巴語",
["dbr"] = "Dabarre",
["dbt"] = "Ben Tey",
["dbu"] = "Bondum Dom Dogon",
["dbv"] = "Dungu",
["dbw"] = "Bankan Tey Dogon",
["dby"] = "Dibiyaso",
["dcc"] = "達金語",
["dcr"] = "維爾京群島克里奧爾荷蘭語",
["dda"] = "達迪-達迪語",
["ddd"] = "Dongotono",
["dde"] = "敦多語",
["ddg"] = "法塔魯庫語",
["ddi"] = "迪奧迪奧語",
["ddj"] = "賈魯語",
["ddn"] = "登迪語",
["ddo"] = "采茲語",
["ddr"] = "杜杜羅阿語",
["dds"] = "Donno So Dogon",
["ddw"] = "達維拉-達維羅爾語",
["de"] = "德語",
["dec"] = "達吉克語",
["ded"] = "德杜亞語",
["dee"] = "德沃伊語",
["def"] = "Dezfuli",
["deg"] = "德格馬語",
["deh"] = "德赫瓦里語",
["dei"] = "德米薩語",
["dem"] = "德姆語",
["dep"] = "德拉瓦皮欽語",
["der"] = "迪奧里語",
["des"] = "德薩那語",
["dev"] = "多蒙語",
["dez"] = "登格塞語",
["dga"] = "Southern Dagaare",
["dgb"] = "Bunoge",
["dgc"] = "卡西古蘭杜馬加特阿埃塔語",
["dgd"] = "Dagaari Dioula",
["dge"] = "Degenan",
["dgg"] = "道嘎語",
["dgh"] = "德格威語",
["dgi"] = "Northern Dagara",
["dgk"] = "達格巴語",
["dgn"] = "達格曼語",
["dgr"] = "多格里布語",
["dgs"] = "道戈索語",
["dgt"] = "恩德拉恩吉特語",
["dgw"] = "道恩烏隆語",
["dgx"] = "Doghoro",
["dgz"] = "Daga",
["dhd"] = "Dhundhari",
["dhg"] = "丹古語",
["dhi"] = "Dhimal",
["dhl"] = "達蘭吉語",
["dhm"] = "贊巴語",
["dhn"] = "丹基語",
["dho"] = "多迪亞語",
["dhr"] = "達爾加里語",
["dhs"] = "Dhaiso",
["dhu"] = "Dhurga",
["dhv"] = "利富語",
["dhw"] = "達努瓦里語",
["dhx"] = "敦加羅語",
["dia"] = "迪阿語",
["dib"] = "中南丁卡語",
["dic"] = "Lakota Dida",
["did"] = "Didinga",
["dif"] = "迪埃里語",
["dig"] = "迪戈語",
["dii"] = "丁邦語",
["dij"] = "黛語",
["dik"] = "西南丁卡語",
["dil"] = "迪靈語",
["dim"] = "迪梅語",
["din"] = "丁卡語",
["dio"] = "迪博語",
["dip"] = "東北丁卡語",
["dir"] = "迪里姆語",
["dis"] = "迪馬薩語",
["diu"] = "格基里庫語",
["diw"] = "西北丁卡語",
["dix"] = "Dixon Reef",
["diy"] = "Diuwe",
["diz"] = "丁語",
["dja"] = "賈賈伍龍語",
["djb"] = "Djinba",
["djc"] = "Dar Daju Daju",
["djd"] = "賈明瓊語",
["dje"] = "扎爾馬語",
["djf"] = "詹貢語",
["dji"] = "Djinang",
["djj"] = "恩傑巴納語",
["djk"] = "奧坎語",
["djl"] = "吉瓦利語",
["djm"] = "賈姆賽語",
["djn"] = "賈萬語",
["djo"] = "強剛語",
["djr"] = "詹普巴爾普古語",
["dju"] = "卡普里曼語",
["djw"] = "賈維語",
["dka"] = "扎巴語",
["dkk"] = "打加語",
["dkr"] = "貴喬語",
["dks"] = "東南丁卡語",
["dkx"] = "馬扎格維語",
["dlg"] = "多爾干語",
["dlk"] = "達哈利克語",
["dlm"] = "達爾馬提亞語",
["dln"] = "達隆語",
["dma"] = "杜馬語",
["dmb"] = "Mombo Dogon",
["dmc"] = "加瓦克語",
["dmd"] = "馬蒂馬蒂語",
["dme"] = "杜格沃爾語",
["dmf"] = "Medefaidrin",
["dmg"] = "上京那巴當岸語",
["dmk"] = "多馬基語",
["dml"] = "達梅里語",
["dmm"] = "達馬語 (尼日利亞)",
["dmn-dam"] = "達馬語 (塞拉利昂)",
["dmn-mdw-pro"] = "原始西曼德語",
["dmn-pro"] = "原始曼德語",
["dmo"] = "凱梅宗語",
["dmr"] = "東達馬爾語",
["dms"] = "丹貝拉斯語",
["dmu"] = "杜布語",
["dmv"] = "敦帕斯語",
["dmw"] = "穆德布拉語",
["dmx"] = "Dema",
["dmy"] = "Demta",
["dna"] = "上大峽谷達尼語",
["dnd"] = "Daonda",
["dne"] = "恩德恩德烏勒語",
["dng"] = "東干語",
["dni"] = "下大峽谷達尼語",
["dnj"] = "丹語",
["dnk"] = "登卡語",
["dnn"] = "Dzuun",
["dno"] = "恩德魯洛語",
["dnr"] = "Danaru",
["dnt"] = "中大峽谷達尼語",
["dnu"] = "達瑙語",
["dnv"] = "達努語",
["dnw"] = "西達尼語",
["dny"] = "丹尼語",
["doa"] = "Dom",
["dob"] = "多布語",
["doc"] = "北侗語",
["doe"] = "多埃語",
["dof"] = "多姆語",
["doh"] = "東語",
["doi"] = "多格拉語",
["dok"] = "洞朵語",
["dol"] = "多索語",
["don"] = "Doura",
["doo"] = "Dongo",
["dop"] = "盧克帕語",
["doq"] = "多明尼加手語",
["dor"] = "Dori'o",
["dos"] = "Dogosé",
["dot"] = "達斯語",
["dov"] = "Toka-Leya",
["dow"] = "多亞約語",
["dox"] = "布薩語",
["doy"] = "當波語",
["doz"] = "多爾澤語",
["dpp"] = "帕帕爾語",
["dra-bry"] = "Beary",
["dra-cen-pro"] = "原始中達羅毗荼語",
["dra-mkn"] = "中古卡納達語",
["dra-nor-pro"] = "原始北達羅毗荼語",
["dra-okn"] = "古卡納達語",
["dra-ote"] = "古泰盧固語",
["dra-pro"] = "原始達羅毗荼語",
["dra-sdo-pro"] = "原始甲種南達羅毗荼語",
["dra-sdt-pro"] = "原始乙種南達羅毗荼語",
["dra-sou-pro"] = "原始南達羅毗荼語",
["drb"] = "Dair",
["drc"] = "明德里科語",
["drd"] = "達爾米亞語",
["drg"] = "龍古斯語",
["dri"] = "Lela",
["drl"] = "巴阿甘吉語",
["drn"] = "西達馬爾語",
["dro"] = "Daro-Matu Melanau",
["drq"] = "杜拉語",
["drs"] = "Gedeo",
["dru"] = "魯凱語",
["dru-pro"] = "原始魯凱語",
["dry"] = "達萊語",
["dsb"] = "下索布語",
["dse"] = "Dutch Sign Language",
["dsh"] = "達薩納赫語",
["dsi"] = "Disa",
["dsl"] = "丹麥手語",
["dsn"] = "杜斯內爾語",
["dso"] = "德西雅語",
["dsq"] = "塔達克沙哈克語",
["dta"] = "達斡爾語",
["dtb"] = "拉卜-基納巴唐岸卡達山語",
["dtd"] = "迪提達語",
["dth"] = "阿迪廷吉蒂格語",
["dti"] = "阿納廷加多貢語",
["dtk"] = "Tene Kan Dogon",
["dtm"] = "Tomo Kan Dogon",
["dto"] = "Tommo So",
["dtp"] = "中部杜順語",
["dtr"] = "羅督語",
["dts"] = "Toro So Dogon",
["dtt"] = "Toro Tegu Dogon",
["dtu"] = "Tebul Ure Dogon",
["dty"] = "都特利語",
["dua"] = "杜亞拉語",
["dub"] = "杜布里語",
["duc"] = "杜納語",
["due"] = "烏米萊杜馬加特阿埃塔語",
["duf"] = "丹貝阿語",
["dug"] = "基杜魯馬語",
["duh"] = "敦格拉比爾語",
["dui"] = "Dumun",
["duk"] = "烏亞吉塔亞語",
["dul"] = "阿拉伯島阿埃塔語",
["dum"] = "中古荷蘭語",
["dun"] = "杜順達雅語",
["duo"] = "杜巴尼南阿埃塔語",
["dup"] = "杜亞諾語",
["duq"] = "Dusun Malang",
["dur"] = "迪伊語",
["dus"] = "杜米語",
["duu"] = "獨龍語",
["duv"] = "杜夫勒語",
["duw"] = "杜松維圖語",
["dux"] = "杜溫語",
["duy"] = "Dicamay Agta",
["duz"] = "杜利語",
["dv"] = "迪維希語",
["dva"] = "杜奧語",
["dwa"] = "迪里語",
["dwr"] = "道洛語",
["dwu"] = "杜瓦爾語",
["dww"] = "達瓦瓦語",
["dwy"] = "杜瓦亞語",
["dwz"] = "德維斯萊語",
["dya"] = "迪安語",
["dyb"] = "迪亞貝爾迪亞貝爾語",
["dyd"] = "迪尤貢語",
["dyi"] = "吉米尼語",
["dym"] = "Yanda Dogon",
["dyn"] = "迪揚加迪語",
["dyo"] = "朱拉-芳伊語",
["dyu"] = "迪尤拉語",
["dyy"] = "迪亞布蓋語",
["dz"] = "宗喀語",
["dza"] = "Tunzu",
["dzg"] = "達薩語",
["dzl"] = "扎拉語",
["dzn"] = "贊多語",
["ebg"] = "艾布格胡語",
["ebk"] = "東邦圖克語",
["ebr"] = "埃布里語",
["ebu"] = "恩布語",
["ecr"] = "真克里特語",
["ecs"] = "厄瓜多爾手語",
["ecy"] = "真塞浦路斯語",
["ee"] = "埃維語",
["eee"] = "誒話",
["efa"] = "埃法伊語",
["efe"] = "埃菲語",
["efi"] = "埃菲克語",
["ega"] = "埃加語",
["egl"] = "艾米利亞語",
["ego"] = "埃貢語",
["egx-dem"] = "世俗埃及語",
["egy"] = "埃及語",
["ehu"] = "Ehueun",
["eip"] = "Eipomek",
["eit"] = "Eitiep",
["eiv"] = "Askopan",
["eja"] = "Ejamat",
["eka"] = "艾卡朱克語",
["eke"] = "Ekit",
["ekg"] = "伊卡利語",
["eki"] = "Eki",
["ekl"] = "科爾語",
["ekm"] = "埃立普語",
["eko"] = "科蒂語",
["ekp"] = "埃克佩耶語",
["ekr"] = "Yace",
["eky"] = "東克耶語",
["el"] = "希臘語",
["ele"] = "厄勒皮語",
["elh"] = "El Hugeirat",
["eli"] = "Nding",
["elk"] = "厄爾克依語",
["elm"] = "Eleme",
["elo"] = "El Molo",
["elu"] = "艾盧語",
["elx"] = "埃蘭語",
["ema"] = "Emai",
["emb"] = "恩巴洛語",
["eme"] = "Emerillon",
["emg"] = "東梅瓦杭語",
["emi"] = "穆紹-埃米勞語",
["emk"] = "Eastern Maninkakan",
["emm"] = "Mamulique",
["emn"] = "Eman",
["emp"] = "北恩貝拉語",
["ems"] = "阿魯提克語",
["emu"] = "東穆里亞語",
["emw"] = "Emplawas",
["emx"] = "巴斯克羅姆語",
["emy"] = "古典馬雅語",
["en"] = "英語",
["ena"] = "阿帕利語",
["enb"] = "Markweeta",
["enc"] = "恩語",
["end"] = "Ende",
["enf"] = "森林埃涅茨語",
["enh"] = "凍原埃涅茨語",
["enl"] = "Enlhet",
["enm"] = "中古英語",
["enn"] = "Engenni",
["eno"] = "Enggano",
["enq"] = "恩加語",
["enr"] = "埃梅姆語",
["enu"] = "峨努語",
["env"] = "恩萬語",
["enw"] = "Enwang",
["enx"] = "Enxet",
["eo"] = "世界語",
["eot"] = "Eotile",
["epi"] = "Epie",
["era"] = "埃拉瓦蘭語",
["erg"] = "Sie",
["erh"] = "埃魯瓦語",
["eri"] = "奧蓋阿語",
["erk"] = "南埃法特語",
["ero-gsz"] = "革什扎語",
["ero-nya"] = "Nyagrong Minyag",
["ero-tau"] = "Stau",
["err"] = "Erre",
["ers"] = "爾蘇語",
["ert"] = "埃里泰語",
["erw"] = "埃羅夸納斯語",
["es"] = "西班牙語",
["ese"] = "埃塞埃賈語",
["esh"] = "埃斯特哈爾迪語",
["esl"] = "埃及手語",
["esm"] = "埃蘇馬語",
["esn"] = "薩爾瓦多手語",
["eso"] = "愛沙尼亞手語",
["esq"] = "Esselen",
["ess"] = "中西伯利亞尤皮克語",
["esu"] = "中阿拉斯加尤皮克語",
["esx-esk-pro"] = "原始愛斯基摩語",
["esx-ink"] = "極地因紐特語",
["esx-inq"] = "因紐納克通語",
["esx-inu-pro"] = "原始因紐特語",
["esx-pro"] = "原始愛斯基摩-阿留申語",
["esx-tut"] = "Tunumiisut",
["esy"] = "埃斯卡亞語",
["et"] = "愛沙尼亞語",
["etb"] = "埃特比語",
["etc"] = "Etchemin",
["eth"] = "埃塞俄比亞手語",
["etn"] = "埃頓語 (萬那杜)",
["eto"] = "埃頓語 (喀麥隆)",
["etr"] = "埃多洛語",
["ets"] = "耶克伊語",
["ett"] = "伊特拉斯坎語",
["etu"] = "Ejagham",
["etx"] = "Eten",
["etz"] = "Semimi",
["eu"] = "巴斯克語",
["euq-pro"] = "原始巴斯克語",
["eve"] = "鄂溫語",
["evh"] = "Uvbie",
["evn"] = "鄂溫克語",
["ewo"] = "依汪都語",
["ext"] = "埃斯特雷馬杜拉語",
["eya"] = "埃雅克語",
["eyo"] = "凱約語",
["eza"] = "Ezaa",
["eze"] = "Uzekwe",
["fa"] = "波斯語",
["faa"] = "法蘇語",
["fab"] = "安諾本語",
["fad"] = "瓦吉語",
["faf"] = "Fagani",
["fag"] = "菲農甘語",
["fah"] = "Baissa Fali",
["fai"] = "Faiwol",
["faj"] = "Faita",
["fak"] = "Fang (Beboid)",
["fal"] = "South Fali",
["fam"] = "Fam",
["fan"] = "芳語",
["fap"] = "Palor",
["far"] = "Fataleka",
["fau"] = "法尤語",
["fax"] = "法拉語",
["fay"] = "西南法爾斯語",
["faz"] = "西北法爾斯語",
["fbl"] = "西阿爾拜比科爾語",
["fcs"] = "魁北克手語",
["fer"] = "Feroge",
["ff"] = "富拉語",
["ffi"] = "Foia Foia",
["fgr"] = "Fongoro",
["fi"] = "芬蘭語",
["fia"] = "努比因語",
["fie"] = "Fyer",
["fif"] = "Faifi",
["fip"] = "菲帕語",
["fir"] = "Firan",
["fit"] = "梅安語",
["fiw"] = "Fiwaga",
["fj"] = "斐濟語",
["fkk"] = "基里亞-孔澤爾語",
["fkv"] = "克文語",
["fla"] = "蒙大拿薩利希語",
["flh"] = "福奧語",
["fli"] = "Fali",
["fll"] = "North Fali",
["fln"] = "費蓮達島語",
["flr"] = "富利盧語",
["fly"] = "Tsotsitaal",
["fmp"] = "費費語",
["fmu"] = "遠西穆里亞語",
["fng"] = "凡那伽羅語",
["fni"] = "凡雅語",
["fo"] = "法羅語",
["fod"] = "富多語",
["foi"] = "福伊語",
["fom"] = "Foma",
["fon"] = "豐語",
["for"] = "法雷語",
["fos"] = "西拉雅語",
["fpe"] = "皮欽利斯語",
["fqs"] = "法斯語",
["fr"] = "法語",
["frd"] = "福爾達塔語",
["frm"] = "中古法語",
["fro"] = "古法語",
["frp"] = "法蘭克-普羅旺斯語",
["frq"] = "Forak",
["frr"] = "北弗里斯蘭語",
["frt"] = "福澤納爾語",
["fse"] = "芬蘭手語",
["fsl"] = "法國手語",
["fss"] = "芬蘭-瑞典手語",
["fud"] = "富圖納語",
["fuj"] = "科語",
["fum"] = "Fum",
["fun"] = "福尼歐語",
["fur"] = "弗留利語",
["fut"] = "富圖納-阿尼瓦語",
["fuu"] = "富魯語",
["fuy"] = "富尤格語",
["fvr"] = "富爾語",
["fwa"] = "Fwâi",
["fwe"] = "Fwe",
["fy"] = "西弗里斯蘭語",
["ga"] = "愛爾蘭語",
["gaa"] = "加族語",
["gab"] = "Gabri",
["gac"] = "混合大安達曼語",
["gad"] = "加德當語",
["gae"] = "瓦瑞克那語",
["gaf"] = "Gende",
["gag"] = "加告茲語",
["gah"] = "阿勒卡諾語",
["gai"] = "Borei",
["gaj"] = "加德蘇普語",
["gak"] = "Gamkonora",
["gal"] = "加洛利語",
["gam"] = "康達沃語",
["gan"] = "贛語",
["gao"] = "Gants",
["gap"] = "Gal",
["gaq"] = "Gata'",
["gar"] = "加萊亞語",
["gas"] = "Adiwasi Garasia",
["gat"] = "克納蒂語",
["gau"] = "Kondekor",
["gaw"] = "諾博諾布語",
["gay"] = "加約語",
["gba-pro"] = "原始格巴亞語",
["gbb"] = "Kaytetye",
["gbd"] = "Karadjeri",
["gbe"] = "Niksek",
["gbf"] = "Gaikundi",
["gbg"] = "Gbanziri",
["gbh"] = "Defi Gbe",
["gbi"] = "Galela",
["gbj"] = "Bodo Gadaba",
["gbk"] = "Gaddi",
["gbl"] = "Gamit",
["gbm"] = "加爾華利語",
["gbn"] = "Mo'da",
["gbo"] = "北格雷博語",
["gbp"] = "博桑戈阿-葛巴亞語",
["gbq"] = "博祖姆-葛巴亞語",
["gbr"] = "格巴格伊語",
["gbs"] = "Gbesi Gbe",
["gbu"] = "加加杜語",
["gbv"] = "格巴努語",
["gbw"] = "加比語",
["gbx"] = "Eastern Xwla Gbe",
["gby"] = "格巴里語",
["gcc"] = "Mali",
["gcd"] = "Ganggalida",
["gce"] = "Galice",
["gcf"] = "安地列斯克里奧爾語",
["gcl"] = "格瑞那達克里奧爾英語",
["gcn"] = "Gaina",
["gcr"] = "圭亞那克里奧爾語",
["gct"] = "科洛尼亞托瓦爾德語",
["gd"] = "蘇格蘭蓋爾語",
["gdb"] = "Ollari",
["gdc"] = "Gugu Badhun",
["gdd"] = "Gedaged",
["gde"] = "Gude",
["gdf"] = "Guduf-Gava",
["gdg"] = "加厄當語",
["gdh"] = "Gadjerawang",
["gdi"] = "Gundi",
["gdj"] = "庫爾特賈爾語",
["gdk"] = "加當語",
["gdl"] = "迪拉沙語",
["gdm"] = "拉爾語",
["gdn"] = "Umanakaina",
["gdo"] = "戈多貝里語",
["gdq"] = "邁赫拉語",
["gdr"] = "維皮語",
["gds"] = "甘達基手語",
["gdt"] = "孔格爾杜蒂語",
["gdu"] = "古杜語",
["gdx"] = "戈達瓦里語",
["gea"] = "格魯馬語",
["geb"] = "基勒語",
["gec"] = "格柏盧格雷博語",
["ged"] = "加德語",
["geg"] = "根格勒語",
["geh"] = "胡特利特德語",
["gei"] = "格貝語",
["gej"] = "格恩語",
["gek"] = "伊沃姆語",
["gel"] = "厄特馬因語",
["gem-pro"] = "原始日耳曼語",
["geq"] = "Geme",
["ges"] = "蓋瑟亞語",
["gev"] = "Viya",
["gew"] = "格拉語",
["gex"] = "嘎爾語",
["gey"] = "Enya",
["gez"] = "吉茲語",
["gfk"] = "帕特帕塔爾語",
["gft"] = "加法特語",
["gga"] = "高語",
["ggb"] = "格比語",
["ggd"] = "古加奇語",
["gge"] = "Guragone",
["ggg"] = "Gurgula",
["ggk"] = "Kungarakany",
["ggl"] = "Ganglau",
["ggt"] = "吉圖亞語",
["ggu"] = "格班語",
["ggw"] = "戈戈達拉語",
["gha"] = "加達梅斯語",
["ghc"] = "古典蓋爾語",
["ghe"] = "南加勒語",
["ghh"] = "北加勒語",
["ghk"] = "Geko Karen",
["ghl"] = "古爾凡語",
["ghn"] = "加農加語",
["gho"] = "戈瑪拉語",
["ghr"] = "Ghera",
["ghs"] = "Guhu-Samane",
["ght"] = "庫堂加勒語",
["gia"] = "Kitja",
["gib"] = "Gibanawa",
["gid"] = "Gidar",
["gie"] = "Guébie",
["gig"] = "Goaria",
["gih"] = "Githabul",
["gii"] = "Girirra",
["gil"] = "吉伯特語",
["gim"] = "Gimi (Goroka)",
["gin"] = "希努赫語",
["gip"] = "Gimi (Austronesian)",
["giq"] = "青仡佬語",
["gir"] = "紅仡佬語",
["gis"] = "North Giziga",
["git"] = "Gitxsan",
["giu"] = "木佬語",
["giw"] = "白仡佬語",
["gix"] = "Gilima",
["giy"] = "Giyug",
["giz"] = "South Giziga",
["gji"] = "Geji",
["gjk"] = "Kachi Koli",
["gjm"] = "Gunditjmara",
["gjn"] = "貢賈語",
["gjr"] = "Gurindji Kriol",
["gju"] = "古賈里語",
["gka"] = "Guya",
["gkd"] = "Magɨ",
["gke"] = "Ndai",
["gkn"] = "戈卡納語",
["gko"] = "Kok-Nar",
["gkp"] = "幾內亞克培列語",
["gl"] = "加利西亞語",
["glc"] = "邦古拉語",
["gld"] = "赫哲語",
["glh"] = "西北帕沙伊語",
["glj"] = "Kulaal",
["glk"] = "吉拉基語",
["glo"] = "Galambu",
["glr"] = "Glaro-Twabo",
["glu"] = "Gula",
["glw"] = "Glavda",
["gly"] = "古勒語",
["gma"] = "Gambera",
["gmb"] = "Gula'alaa",
["gmd"] = "Mághdì",
["gme-bur"] = "古勃艮第語",
["gme-cgo"] = "克里米亞哥特語",
["gmg"] = "Magiyi",
["gmh"] = "中古高地德語",
["gml"] = "中古低地德語",
["gmm"] = "姆博多莫語",
["gmn"] = "Gimnime",
["gmq-gut"] = "哥特蘭語",
["gmq-jmk"] = "耶姆特蘭語",
["gmq-mno"] = "中古挪威語",
["gmq-oda"] = "古丹麥語",
["gmq-ogt"] = "古哥特蘭語",
["gmq-osw"] = "古瑞典語",
["gmq-pro"] = "原始諾爾斯語",
["gmq-scy"] = "斯堪尼亞語",
["gmr"] = "Mirning",
["gmu"] = "Gumalu",
["gmv"] = "Gamo",
["gmw-bgh"] = "貝格語",
["gmw-cfr"] = "中部法蘭克尼亞語",
["gmw-ecg"] = "中東部德語",
["gmw-fin"] = "芬戈語",
["gmw-gts"] = "戈特契語",
["gmw-jdt"] = "澤西荷蘭語",
["gmw-msc"] = "中古蘇格蘭語",
["gmw-pro"] = "原始西日耳曼語",
["gmw-rfr"] = "萊茵法蘭克尼亞語",
["gmw-stm"] = "薩圖馬雷施瓦本語",
["gmw-tsx"] = "特蘭西瓦尼亞薩克森語",
["gmw-vog"] = "伏爾加德語",
["gmw-zps"] = "齊普澤德語",
["gmx"] = "馬哥馬語",
["gmy"] = "邁錫尼希臘語",
["gmz"] = "Mgbo",
["gn-cls"] = "古典瓜拉尼語",
["gna"] = "Kaansa",
["gnb"] = "岡特語",
["gnc"] = "關切語",
["gnd"] = "朱爾戈-格姆澤克語",
["gne"] = "Ganang",
["gng"] = "Ngangam",
["gnh"] = "Lere",
["gni"] = "古尼揚迪語",
["gnj"] = "Ngen",
["gnk"] = "ǁGana",
["gnl"] = "Gangulu",
["gnm"] = "Ginuman",
["gnn"] = "古馬其語",
["gnq"] = "Gana",
["gnr"] = "Gureng Gureng",
["gnt"] = "Guntai",
["gnu"] = "格瑙語",
["gnw"] = "西玻利維亞瓜拉尼語",
["gnz"] = "Ganzi",
["goa"] = "古羅語",
["gob"] = "Playero",
["goc"] = "Gorakor",
["god"] = "Godié",
["goe"] = "Gongduk",
["gof"] = "戈法語",
["gog"] = "戈戈語",
["goh"] = "古高地德語",
["goi"] = "戈巴西語",
["goj"] = "Gowlan",
["gol"] = "Gola",
["gon"] = "岡德語",
["goo"] = "Gone Dau",
["gop"] = "Yeretuar",
["goq"] = "戈拉普語",
["gor"] = "哥倫打洛語",
["got"] = "哥特語",
["gou"] = "加瓦爾語",
["gov"] = "Goo",
["gow"] = "戈羅瓦語",
["gox"] = "戈布語",
["goy"] = "Goundo",
["goz"] = "Gozarkhani",
["gpa"] = "古帕-阿巴瓦語",
["gpn"] = "Taiap",
["gqa"] = "Ga'anda",
["gqi"] = "貴瓊語",
["gqn"] = "基尼基瑙語",
["gqr"] = "Gor",
["gqu"] = "稿語",
["gra"] = "Rajput Garasia",
["grc"] = "古希臘語",
["grd"] = "Guruntum",
["grg"] = "Madi",
["grh"] = "Gbiri-Niragu",
["gri"] = "Ghari",
["grj"] = "南格雷博語",
["grk-cal"] = "卡拉布里亞希臘語",
["grk-car"] = "Cargesian Greek",
["grk-ita"] = "意大利希臘語",
["grk-mar"] = "馬里烏波爾希臘語",
["grk-pro"] = "原始希臘語",
["grm"] = "Kota Marudu Talantang",
["gro"] = "Groma",
["grq"] = "Gorovu",
["grs"] = "Gresi",
["grt"] = "嘎洛語",
["gru"] = "Kistane",
["grv"] = "中格雷博語",
["grw"] = "Gweda",
["grx"] = "Guriaso",
["gry"] = "巴克利維爾格雷博語",
["grz"] = "Guramalum",
["gse"] = "加納手語",
["gsg"] = "德國手語",
["gsl"] = "古斯萊語",
["gsm"] = "危地馬拉手語",
["gsn"] = "杜塞語",
["gso"] = "西南葛巴亞語",
["gsp"] = "瓦森博語",
["gss"] = "希臘手語",
["gsw"] = "阿勒曼尼語",
["gta"] = "瓜多語",
["gtu"] = "Aghu Tharrnggala",
["gu"] = "古吉拉特語",
["gua"] = "Shiki",
["gub"] = "瓜加加拉語",
["guc"] = "瓦尤語",
["gud"] = "Yocoboué Dida",
["gue"] = "古林吉語",
["guf"] = "古帕普因古語",
["gug"] = "巴拉圭瓜拉尼語",
["guh"] = "瓜希沃語",
["gui"] = "東玻利維亞瓜拉尼語",
["guk"] = "古馬茲語",
["gul"] = "古拉語",
["gum"] = "關比安諾語",
["gun"] = "姆比亞瓜拉尼語",
["guo"] = "瓜雅貝羅語",
["gup"] = "康溫格語",
["guq"] = "阿赫語",
["gur"] = "法拉法拉語",
["gus"] = "幾內亞手語",
["gut"] = "Maléku Jaíka",
["guu"] = "亞諾馬米語",
["guv"] = "Gey",
["guw"] = "奧古語",
["gux"] = "Gourmanchéma",
["guz"] = "古西語",
["gv"] = "曼島語",
["gva"] = "Kaskihá",
["gvc"] = "Guanano",
["gve"] = "Duwet",
["gvf"] = "戈林語",
["gvj"] = "瓜嘉語",
["gvl"] = "古萊語",
["gvm"] = "古爾馬納語",
["gvn"] = "庫庫-亞蘭吉語",
["gvo"] = "Gavião do Jiparaná",
["gvp"] = "加維昂語",
["gvr"] = "西古隆語",
["gvs"] = "古馬瓦納語",
["gvy"] = "古亞尼語",
["gwa"] = "姆巴托語",
["gwb"] = "古瓦語",
["gwc"] = "卡拉米語",
["gwd"] = "高瓦達語",
["gwe"] = "格韋諾語",
["gwf"] = "高羅語",
["gwg"] = "Moo",
["gwi"] = "圭契語",
["gwj"] = "戈威語",
["gwm"] = "翁蒂姆語",
["gwn"] = "關達拉語",
["gwr"] = "格韋爾語",
["gwt"] = "加瓦爾-巴蒂語",
["gwu"] = "古瓦姆語",
["gww"] = "奎尼語",
["gwx"] = "古阿語",
["gxx"] = "Wè Southern",
["gya"] = "西北葛巴亞語",
["gyb"] = "加魯斯語",
["gyd"] = "卡雅迪爾特語",
["gye"] = "Gyem",
["gyf"] = "Gungabula",
["gyg"] = "格巴伊語",
["gyi"] = "杰勒語",
["gyl"] = "加伊爾語",
["gym"] = "Ngäbere",
["gyn"] = "蓋亞那克里奧爾英語",
["gyo"] = "Gyalsumdo",
["gyr"] = "瓜拉尤語",
["gyy"] = "Gunya",
["gza"] = "甘扎語",
["gzn"] = "Gane",
["ha"] = "豪薩語",
["haa"] = "汗語",
["hab"] = "河內手語",
["hac"] = "古拉尼語",
["had"] = "哈塔姆語",
["haf"] = "海防手語",
["hag"] = "漢加語",
["hah"] = "哈洪語",
["hai"] = "海達語",
["haj"] = "哈瓊語",
["hak"] = "客家語",
["hal"] = "哈朗語",
["ham"] = "赫瓦語",
["hao"] = "哈科語",
["hap"] = "胡普拉語",
["har"] = "哈勒爾語",
["has"] = "海斯拉語",
["hav"] = "哈武語",
["haw"] = "夏威夷語",
["hax"] = "南海達語",
["hay"] = "哈雅語",
["hba"] = "Hamba",
["hbb"] = "哈巴語",
["hbn"] = "赫班語",
["hbu"] = "哈布語",
["hca"] = "安達曼克里奧爾印地語",
["hch"] = "惠喬爾語",
["hdn"] = "北海達語",
["hds"] = "洪都拉斯手語",
["hdy"] = "哈迪亞語",
["he"] = "希伯來語",
["hea"] = "北部黔東苗語",
["hed"] = "Herdé",
["heg"] = "赫隆語",
["heh"] = "赫赫語",
["hei"] = "海爾蘇克語",
["hem"] = "Hemba",
["hgm"] = "海奧姆語",
["hgw"] = "海格威語",
["hhi"] = "霍伊亞霍伊亞語",
["hhr"] = "科拉克語",
["hhy"] = "霍亞霍亞語",
["hi"] = "印地語",
["hia"] = "臘芒語",
["hib"] = "Hibito",
["hid"] = "希達沙語",
["hif"] = "斐濟印地語",
["hig"] = "卡姆威語",
["hih"] = "帕莫蘇語",
["hii"] = "欣杜里語",
["hij"] = "希朱克語",
["hik"] = "Seit-Kaitetu",
["hil"] = "希利蓋農語",
["hio"] = "Tshwa",
["hir"] = "Himarimã",
["hit"] = "赫梯語",
["hiw"] = "休語",
["hix"] = "希卡利亞納語",
["hji"] = "Haji",
["hka"] = "Kahe",
["hke"] = "Hunde",
["hkh"] = "波加利語",
["hkk"] = "Hunjara-Kaina Ke",
["hkn"] = "梅勒-卡翁語",
["hks"] = "香港手語",
["hla"] = "哈利亞語",
["hlb"] = "哈爾比語",
["hld"] = "端語",
["hle"] = "山蘇語",
["hlt"] = "巴杜比語",
["hma"] = "南部麻山苗語",
["hmb"] = "Humburi Senni",
["hmc"] = "中部惠水苗語",
["hmd"] = "滇東北苗語",
["hme"] = "東部惠水苗語",
["hmf"] = "敦苗語",
["hmg"] = "西南貴陽苗語",
["hmh"] = "西南惠水苗語",
["hmi"] = "北部惠水苗語",
["hmj"] = "𱎼家語",
["hmk"] = "濊貊語",
["hml"] = "羅泊河苗語",
["hmm"] = "中部麻山苗語",
["hmn-pro"] = "原始苗語",
["hmp"] = "北部麻山苗語",
["hmq"] = "東部黔東苗語",
["hmr"] = "赫馬爾語",
["hms"] = "南部黔東苗語",
["hmt"] = "漢泰語",
["hmu"] = "哈馬普語",
["hmv"] = "Hmong Dô",
["hmw"] = "西部麻山苗語",
["hmx-mie-pro"] = "原始瑤語",
["hmx-pro"] = "原始苗瑤語",
["hmy"] = "南部貴陽苗語",
["hmz"] = "漢苗語",
["hna"] = "Mina",
["hnd"] = "南辛德科語",
["hne"] = "恰蒂斯加爾語",
["hnh"] = "阿尼語",
["hni"] = "哈尼語",
["hnj"] = "青苗語",
["hnm"] = "海南話",
["hnn"] = "哈努諾語",
["hno"] = "北辛德科語",
["hns"] = "加勒比印度斯坦語",
["hnu"] = "洪語",
["ho"] = "希里摩圖語",
["hoa"] = "華瓦語",
["hob"] = "南島馬里語",
["hoc"] = "霍語",
["hod"] = "霍爾馬語",
["hoe"] = "霍羅姆語",
["hoh"] = "Hobyót",
["hoi"] = "霍利丘克語",
["hoj"] = "Hadothi",
["hol"] = "霍盧語",
["hom"] = "Homa",
["hoo"] = "霍洛霍洛語",
["hop"] = "霍皮語",
["hor"] = "霍羅語",
["hos"] = "胡志明市手語",
["hot"] = "霍特語",
["hov"] = "霍汪甘語",
["how"] = "豪尼語",
["hoy"] = "霍里雅語",
["hoz"] = "霍卓語",
["hpo"] = "Hpon",
["hps"] = "夏威夷皮欽手語",
["hra"] = "赫朗科爾語",
["hrc"] = "Niwer Mil",
["hre"] = "赫耶語",
["hrk"] = "哈魯庫語",
["hrm"] = "角苗語",
["hro"] = "赫雷語",
["hrp"] = "恩希爾皮語",
["hrt"] = "赫特文語",
["hru"] = "赫魯索語",
["hrw"] = "Warwar Feni",
["hrx"] = "漢斯立克語",
["hrz"] = "哈爾札尼語",
["hsb"] = "上索布語",
["hsh"] = "匈牙利手語",
["hsl"] = "豪薩手語",
["hsn"] = "湘語",
["hss"] = "哈爾蘇西語",
["ht"] = "海地克里奧爾語",
["hti"] = "Hoti",
["hto"] = "Minica Huitoto",
["hts"] = "哈扎語",
["htu"] = "希圖語",
["hu"] = "匈牙利語",
["hub"] = "關必沙語",
["huc"] = "霍安語",
["hud"] = "胡奧盧語",
["huf"] = "胡梅內語",
["hug"] = "胡阿齊派爾語",
["huh"] = "維利切語",
["hui"] = "胡利語",
["huj"] = "北部貴陽苗語",
["huk"] = "胡隆語",
["hul"] = "Hula",
["hum"] = "洪加納語",
["huo"] = "戶語",
["hup"] = "胡帕語",
["huq"] = "回輝語",
["hur"] = "哈爾魁梅林語",
["hus"] = "瓦斯特克語",
["huu"] = "穆魯伊維托托語",
["huv"] = "華韋語",
["huw"] = "胡庫米納語",
["hux"] = "努波伊維托托語",
["huy"] = "胡老拉語",
["huz"] = "洪濟布語",
["hvc"] = "海地巫毒文化語",
["hvk"] = "哈韋克語",
["hvn"] = "哈烏語",
["hwa"] = "韋恩語",
["hwc"] = "夏威夷克里奧爾語",
["hwo"] = "華納語",
["hy"] = "亞美尼亞語",
["hya"] = "希亞語",
["hyx-pro"] = "原始亞美尼亞語",
["hz"] = "赫雷羅語",
["ia"] = "因特語",
["iai"] = "Iaai",
["ian"] = "Iatmul",
["iar"] = "普拉里語",
["iba"] = "伊班語",
["ibb"] = "伊比比奧語",
["ibd"] = "伊瓦加語",
["ibe"] = "阿克佩斯語",
["ibg"] = "伊巴納格語",
["ibh"] = "比赫語",
["ibl"] = "伊巴洛伊語",
["ibm"] = "阿戈伊語",
["ibn"] = "伊比諾語",
["ibr"] = "伊布奧羅語",
["ibu"] = "伊布語",
["iby"] = "伊巴尼語",
["ica"] = "Ede Ica",
["ich"] = "Etkywan",
["icl"] = "冰島手語",
["icr"] = "島嶼克里奧爾英語",
["id"] = "印尼語",
["ida"] = "Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki",
["idb"] = "印度葡萄牙語",
["idc"] = "伊當語",
["idd"] = "Ede Idaca",
["ide"] = "伊德雷語",
["idi"] = "伊迪語",
["idr"] = "因德里語",
["ids"] = "伊德薩語",
["idt"] = "Idaté",
["idu"] = "伊多馬語",
["ie"] = "西方國際語",
["ifa"] = "Amganad Ifugao",
["ifb"] = "巴塔德伊富高語",
["ife"] = "伊費語",
["iff"] = "伊福語",
["ifk"] = "圖瓦利伊富高語",
["ifm"] = "Teke-Fuumu",
["ifu"] = "馬尤瑤-伊富高語",
["ify"] = "Keley-I Kallahan",
["ig"] = "伊博語",
["igb"] = "埃比拉語",
["ige"] = "伊蓋德語",
["igg"] = "伊加納語",
["igl"] = "伊加拉語",
["igm"] = "康加佩語",
["ign"] = "Ignaciano",
["igo"] = "伊塞貝語",
["igs"] = "格羅沙語",
["igw"] = "伊圭語",
["ihb"] = "皮欽伊哈語",
["ihi"] = "Ihievbe",
["ihp"] = "伊哈語",
["ii"] = "彝語",
["iir-nur-pro"] = "原始努利斯坦語",
["iir-pro"] = "原始印度-伊朗語",
["ijc"] = "伊宗語",
["ije"] = "比塞尼語",
["ijj"] = "Ede Ije",
["ijn"] = "卡拉巴里語",
["ijo-pro"] = "原始伊爵語",
["ijs"] = "阿卡哈語",
["ik"] = "伊努皮克語",
["ike"] = "東加拿大伊努克提圖特語",
["iki"] = "伊科語",
["ikk"] = "伊卡語",
["ikl"] = "伊庫盧語",
["iko"] = "Olulumo-Ikom",
["ikp"] = "Ikpeshi",
["ikr"] = "伊卡蘭加爾語",
["iks"] = "因紐特手語",
["ikt"] = "Inuvialuktun",
["ikv"] = "Iku-Gora-Ankwa",
["ikw"] = "伊奎勒語",
["ikx"] = "伊克語",
["ikz"] = "伊基祖語",
["ila"] = "伊萊阿佩語",
["ilb"] = "伊拉語",
["ilg"] = "伊爾加爾語",
["ili"] = "土爾克語",
["ilk"] = "伊隆戈語",
["ill"] = "伊拉努語",
["ilo"] = "伊洛卡諾語",
["ils"] = "國際手語",
["ilu"] = "依利翁語",
["ilv"] = "Ilue",
["ima"] = "馬拉馬拉薩爾語",
["imi"] = "阿納姆古拉語",
["iml"] = "米盧克語",
["imn"] = "伊蒙達語",
["imo"] = "Imbongu",
["imr"] = "因羅英語",
["ims"] = "馬爾西語",
["imy"] = "彌呂亞語",
["inb"] = "因加語",
["inc-apa"] = "阿帕布拉姆沙語",
["inc-ash"] = "阿輸迦普拉克里特語",
["inc-dng-pro"] = "Proto-Dangari",
["inc-kam"] = "迦摩縷波普拉克里特語",
["inc-kho"] = "科羅斯語",
["inc-khr"] = "Khortha",
["inc-krd-pro"] = "原始卡姆塔語",
["inc-mas"] = "中古阿薩姆語",
["inc-mbn"] = "中古孟加拉語",
["inc-mgu"] = "中古古吉拉特語",
["inc-mor"] = "中古奧里亞語",
["inc-oas"] = "古阿薩姆語",
["inc-oaw"] = "古阿瓦德語",
["inc-obn"] = "古孟加拉語",
["inc-ogu"] = "古古吉拉特語",
["inc-ohi"] = "古印地語",
["inc-oor"] = "古奧里亞語",
["inc-opa"] = "古旁遮普語",
["inc-pro"] = "原始印度-雅利安語",
["inc-sar"] = "Sarazi",
["ine-ana-pro"] = "原始安納托利亞語",
["ine-bsl-pro"] = "原始波羅的-斯拉夫語",
["ine-kal"] = "卡拉什瑪語",
["ine-pae"] = "培奧尼亞語",
["ine-pro"] = "原始印歐語",
["ine-toc-pro"] = "原始吐火羅語",
["ing"] = "Deg Xinag",
["inh"] = "印古什語",
["inj"] = "叢林因加語",
["inl"] = "印尼手語",
["inm"] = "密尼安語",
["inn"] = "伊斯奈語",
["ino"] = "伊諾凱-亞特語",
["inp"] = "伊尼亞帕里語",
["ins"] = "印度手語",
["int"] = "Intha",
["inz"] = "伊內塞諾語",
["io"] = "伊多語",
["ior"] = "伊諾爾語",
["iou"] = "圖馬-伊魯姆語",
["iow"] = "奇維雷語",
["ipi"] = "伊皮利語",
["ipo"] = "伊皮科語",
["iqu"] = "伊基托語",
["iqw"] = "伊闊語",
["ira-kms-pro"] = "原始塞姆南語",
["ira-mny-pro"] = "原始蒙賈尼伊特格哈語",
["ira-mpr-pro"] = "原始米底-安息語",
["ira-pat-pro"] = "原始普什圖語",
["ira-pro"] = "原始伊朗語",
["ira-sgc-pro"] = "原始粟特語",
["ira-sgi-pro"] = "原始桑格萊奇伊什卡什米語",
["ira-shr-pro"] = "原始舒格南羅尚語",
["ira-shy-pro"] = "原始舒格南雅茲古拉米語",
["ira-sym-pro"] = "原始舒格南雅茲古拉米蒙賈尼語",
["ira-wnj"] = "Vanji",
["ira-zgr-pro"] = "原始扎扎其古拉尼語",
["ire"] = "Iresim",
["irh"] = "伊拉魯圖語",
["iri"] = "利圭語",
["irk"] = "伊拉庫語",
["irn"] = "伊蘭謝語",
["iro-ere"] = "Erie",
["iro-min"] = "明戈語",
["iro-nor-pro"] = "原始北易洛魁語",
["iro-pro"] = "原始易洛魁語",
["irr"] = "伊爾語",
["iru"] = "伊魯拉語",
["irx"] = "坎貝勞語",
["iry"] = "伊拉雅語",
["is"] = "冰島語",
["isa"] = "伊薩比語",
["isc"] = "伊斯孔納瓦語",
["isd"] = "伊斯納格語",
["ise"] = "意大利手語",
["isg"] = "愛爾蘭手語",
["ish"] = "埃桑語",
["isi"] = "恩凱姆-恩庫姆語",
["isk"] = "伊什卡什米語",
["ism"] = "馬斯馬斯語",
["isn"] = "伊桑朱語",
["iso"] = "伊索科語",
["isr"] = "以色列手語",
["ist"] = "伊斯特拉語",
["isu"] = "Isu",
["isv"] = "斯拉夫共通語",
["it"] = "意大利語",
["itb"] = "比諾岸伊特內格語",
["itc-pro"] = "原始意大利語",
["itc-psa"] = "前薩莫奈語",
["itd"] = "南帝東語",
["ite"] = "伊特內語",
["iti"] = "因勞德伊特內格語",
["itk"] = "猶太-意大利語",
["itl"] = "伊捷爾緬語",
["itm"] = "Itu Mbon Uzo",
["ito"] = "伊托納馬語",
["itr"] = "伊特里語",
["its"] = "伊塞基里語",
["itt"] = "馬恩伊特內格語",
["itv"] = "伊塔維特語",
["itw"] = "Ito",
["itx"] = "伊蒂克語",
["ity"] = "莫亞丹伊特內格語",
["itz"] = "伊特扎語",
["iu"] = "因紐特語",
["ium"] = "勉語",
["ivb"] = "伊巴丹語",
["ivv"] = "伊萬特語",
["iwk"] = "伊-瓦克語",
["iwm"] = "伊瓦姆語",
["iwo"] = "伊烏爾語",
["iws"] = "塞皮克伊瓦姆語",
["ixc"] = "伊斯卡特語",
["ixl"] = "伊克西爾語",
["iya"] = "伊亞尤語",
["iyo"] = "梅薩卡語",
["iyx"] = "亞阿語",
["izh"] = "英格里亞語",
["izi"] = "Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo",
["izr"] = "伊澤雷語",
["izz"] = "伊齊語",
["ja"] = "日語",
["jaa"] = "賈瑪瑪蒂語",
["jab"] = "希雅姆語",
["jac"] = "雅卡爾泰克語",
["jad"] = "賈肯克語",
["jae"] = "賈貝姆語",
["jaf"] = "賈拉語",
["jah"] = "賈胡特語",
["jaj"] = "扎召語",
["jal"] = "雅拉哈坦語",
["jam"] = "牙買加克里奧爾語",
["jan"] = "詹代語",
["jao"] = "揚尤瓦語",
["jaq"] = "雅凱語",
["jas"] = "新喀里多尼亞爪哇語",
["jat"] = "傑卡提語",
["jau"] = "瑤爾語",
["jax"] = "占碑馬來語",
["jay"] = "Yan-nhangu",
["jaz"] = "賈韋語",
["jbi"] = "Badjiri",
["jbj"] = "Arandai",
["jbk"] = "Barikewa",
["jbn"] = "內富沙語",
["jbo"] = "邏輯語",
["jbr"] = "約福特克-布羅姆尼亞語",
["jbt"] = "Jabutí",
["jbu"] = "朱昆語",
["jbw"] = "Yawijibaya",
["jcs"] = "牙買加國家手語",
["jct"] = "克里姆查克語",
["jda"] = "賈德語",
["jdg"] = "賈德加里語",
["jdt"] = "猶太-塔特語",
["jeb"] = "赫維羅語",
["jee"] = "杰龍語",
["jeg"] = "Jeng",
["jeh"] = "葉語",
["jei"] = "耶伊語",
["jek"] = "Jeri Kuo",
["jel"] = "耶爾梅克語",
["jen"] = "德扎語",
["jer"] = "Jere",
["jet"] = "Manem",
["jeu"] = "Jonkor Bourmataguil",
["jgb"] = "Ngbee",
["jgk"] = "瓜克語",
["jgo"] = "恩格姆巴語",
["jhi"] = "賈海語",
["jhs"] = "Jhankot Sign Language",
["jia"] = "吉納語",
["jib"] = "吉布語",
["jic"] = "希卡克語",
["jid"] = "布語",
["jie"] = "吉貝語",
["jig"] = "金古魯語",
["jih"] = "上寨語",
["jii"] = "吉杜語",
["jil"] = "吉林語",
["jim"] = "津吉門語",
["jio"] = "加茂語",
["jiq"] = "綽斯甲語",
["jit"] = "吉塔語",
["jiu"] = "攸樂基諾語",
["jiv"] = "舒阿爾語",
["jiy"] = "補遠基諾語",
["jje"] = "濟州語",
["jjr"] = "Zhár",
["jka"] = "卡艾拉語",
["jko"] = "庫伯語",
["jkp"] = "Paku Karen",
["jkr"] = "克羅語",
["jku"] = "拉比爾語",
["jle"] = "恩吉雷語",
["jls"] = "牙買加手語",
["jma"] = "Dima",
["jmb"] = "宗本語",
["jmc"] = "馬恰美語",
["jmd"] = "延德納語",
["jmi"] = "Jimi",
["jml"] = "瓊里語",
["jmn"] = "馬庫里語",
["jmr"] = "卡馬拉語",
["jmw"] = "穆瓦塞語",
["jmx"] = "西尤斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語",
["jna"] = "藏雄語",
["jnd"] = "Jandavra",
["jng"] = "揚曼語",
["jni"] = "Janji",
["jnj"] = "耶姆薩語",
["jnl"] = "Rawat",
["jns"] = "焦恩沙里語",
["job"] = "Joba",
["jod"] = "沃傑納卡語",
["jor"] = "Jorá",
["jos"] = "約旦手語",
["jow"] = "Jowulu",
["jpr"] = "猶太-波斯語",
["jpx-hcj"] = "八丈語",
["jpx-pro"] = "原始日語",
["jpx-ryu-pro"] = "原始琉球語",
["jqr"] = "賈卡魯語",
["jra"] = "嘉萊語",
["jrr"] = "吉魯語",
["jru"] = "賈普雷里亞語",
["jsl"] = "日本手語",
["jua"] = "茹馬語",
["jub"] = "萬努語",
["juc"] = "女真語",
["jud"] = "Worodougou",
["juh"] = "霍內語",
["jui"] = "恩加朱里語",
["juk"] = "瓦潘語",
["jul"] = "幾熱爾語",
["jum"] = "朱姆朱姆語",
["jun"] = "Juang",
["juo"] = "吉巴語",
["jup"] = "胡普語",
["jur"] = "朱如納語",
["jus"] = "朱姆拉手語",
["jut"] = "日德蘭語",
["juu"] = "Ju",
["juw"] = "Wãpha",
["juy"] = "Juray",
["jv"] = "爪哇語",
["jvd"] = "Javindo",
["jvn"] = "加勒比爪哇語",
["jwi"] = "Jwira-Pepesa",
["jyy"] = "賈亞語",
["ka"] = "格魯吉亞語",
["kaa"] = "卡拉卡爾帕克語",
["kab"] = "卡拜爾語",
["kac"] = "景頗語",
["kad"] = "卡達拉語",
["kae"] = "凱達格蘭語",
["kaf"] = "卡卓語",
["kag"] = "卡亞曼語",
["kah"] = "Fer",
["kai"] = "卡雷卡雷語",
["kaj"] = "卡捷語",
["kak"] = "卡亞帕卡拉漢語",
["kam"] = "卡姆巴語",
["kao"] = "Kassonke",
["kap"] = "別日塔語",
["kaq"] = "Capanahua",
["kar-pro"] = "原始克倫語",
["kaw"] = "古爪哇語",
["kax"] = "Kao",
["kay"] = "卡馬幽拉語",
["kba"] = "卡拉爾科語",
["kbb"] = "Kaxuyana",
["kbc"] = "卡吉威語",
["kbd"] = "東切爾克斯語",
["kbe"] = "坎朱語",
["kbh"] = "卡姆薩語",
["kbi"] = "卡普提奧語",
["kbj"] = "Kari",
["kbk"] = "格拉斯科亞里語",
["kbm"] = "伊瓦爾語",
["kbn"] = "卡雷語 (非洲)",
["kbo"] = "凱利科語",
["kbp"] = "卡比耶語",
["kbq"] = "卡馬諾語",
["kbr"] = "卡法語",
["kbs"] = "Kande",
["kbt"] = "加巴迪語",
["kbu"] = "卡布特拉語",
["kbv"] = "Kamberataro",
["kbw"] = "凱埃普語",
["kbx"] = "阿普馬語",
["kbz"] = "杜華語",
["kca-eas"] = "東漢特語",
["kca-nor"] = "北漢特語",
["kca-pro"] = "原始漢特語",
["kca-sou"] = "南漢特語",
["kcb"] = "Kawacha",
["kcc"] = "Lubila",
["kcd"] = "Ngkâlmpw Kanum",
["kce"] = "Kaivi",
["kcf"] = "Ukaan",
["kcg"] = "卡塔布語",
["kch"] = "沃諾語",
["kci"] = "Kamantan",
["kcj"] = "Kobiana",
["kck"] = "Kalanga",
["kcl"] = "克拉語",
["kcm"] = "Tar Gula",
["kcn"] = "努比語",
["kco"] = "基納拉克納語",
["kcp"] = "Kanga",
["kcq"] = "卡莫語",
["kcr"] = "卡特拉語",
["kcs"] = "Koenoem",
["kct"] = "Kaian",
["kcu"] = "奇卡米語",
["kcv"] = "Kete",
["kcw"] = "Kabwari",
["kcx"] = "卡查馬-甘朱勒語",
["kcy"] = "Korandje",
["kcz"] = "Konongo",
["kda"] = "沃里米語",
["kdc"] = "庫圖語",
["kdd"] = "揚昆塔賈拉語",
["kde"] = "馬孔德語",
["kdf"] = "馬穆西語",
["kdg"] = "Seba",
["kdh"] = "Tem",
["kdi"] = "Kumam",
["kdj"] = "卡拉莫瓊語",
["kdk"] = "努梅埃語",
["kdl"] = "Tsikimba",
["kdm"] = "卡戈馬語",
["kdn"] = "Kunda",
["kdp"] = "Kaningdon-Nindem",
["kdq"] = "科奇語",
["kdr"] = "卡拉伊姆語",
["kdt"] = "歸語",
["kdu"] = "卡達魯語",
["kdv"] = "Kado",
["kdw"] = "Koneraw",
["kdx"] = "Kam",
["kdy"] = "Keder",
["kdz"] = "Kwaja",
["kea"] = "佛得角克里奧爾語",
["keb"] = "科勒語",
["kec"] = "Keiga",
["ked"] = "克雷維語",
["kee"] = "東克勒斯語",
["kef"] = "克佩西語",
["keg"] = "Tese",
["keh"] = "凱克語",
["kei"] = "Kei",
["kej"] = "Kadar",
["kek"] = "凱克奇語",
["kel"] = "Kela-Yela",
["kem"] = "克馬克語",
["ken"] = "肯揚語",
["keo"] = "卡夸語",
["kep"] = "Kaikadi",
["keq"] = "卡馬爾語",
["ker"] = "Kera",
["kes"] = "Kugbo",
["ket"] = "凱特語",
["keu"] = "Akebu",
["kev"] = "卡尼卡蘭語",
["kew"] = "柯瓦語",
["kex"] = "庫克納語",
["key"] = "庫皮亞語",
["kez"] = "庫凱萊語",
["kfa"] = "戈達瓦語",
["kfb"] = "科拉米語",
["kfc"] = "孔達-多拉語",
["kfd"] = "Korra Koraga",
["kfe"] = "Kota (India)",
["kff"] = "Koya",
["kfg"] = "庫迪亞語",
["kfh"] = "Kurichiya",
["kfi"] = "Kannada Kurumba",
["kfj"] = "克蔑語",
["kfk"] = "金瑙里語",
["kfl"] = "Kung",
["kfn"] = "庫克語",
["kfo"] = "科羅語(西非)",
["kfp"] = "科爾瓦語",
["kfq"] = "科爾庫語",
["kfr"] = "喀奇語",
["kfs"] = "比拉斯普里語",
["kft"] = "坎賈里語",
["kfu"] = "卡特卡里語",
["kfv"] = "庫爾穆卡爾語",
["kfw"] = "Kharam Naga",
["kfx"] = "庫魯帕哈里語",
["kfy"] = "庫矛語",
["kfz"] = "Koromfé",
["kg"] = "剛果語",
["kga"] = "Koyaga",
["kgb"] = "Kawe",
["kgd"] = "卡唐語",
["kge"] = "柯莫林語",
["kgf"] = "庫貝語",
["kgg"] = "庫松達語",
["kgi"] = "雪蘭莪手語",
["kgj"] = "加馬爾卡姆語",
["kgk"] = "卡伊瓦語",
["kgl"] = "昆加里語",
["kgn"] = "卡林加里語",
["kgo"] = "克龍戈語",
["kgp"] = "坎剛語",
["kgq"] = "卡莫羅語",
["kgr"] = "阿本語",
["kgs"] = "貢邦加爾語",
["kgt"] = "桑耶夫語",
["kgu"] = "Kobol",
["kgv"] = "卡拉斯語",
["kgw"] = "Karon Dori",
["kgx"] = "加馬魯語",
["kgy"] = "Kyerung",
["kha"] = "卡西語",
["khb"] = "傣仂語",
["khc"] = "北部杜剛貝西語",
["khd"] = "Bädi Kanum",
["khe"] = "Korowai",
["khf"] = "佛教克木語",
["khh"] = "Kehu",
["khi-kho-pro"] = "原始科伊語",
["khi-kun"] = "亢語",
["khj"] = "庫圖爾米語",
["khl"] = "盧西語",
["kho"] = "和闐語",
["khp"] = "Kapauri",
["khq"] = "西桑海語",
["khr"] = "卡里亞語",
["khs"] = "卡蘇阿語",
["kht"] = "坎底語",
["khu"] = "恩庫姆比語",
["khv"] = "赫瓦爾什語",
["khw"] = "科瓦語",
["khx"] = "卡努語",
["khy"] = "埃凱萊語",
["khz"] = "凱帕拉語",
["ki"] = "基庫尤語",
["kia"] = "基姆語",
["kib"] = "Koalib",
["kic"] = "基卡普語",
["kid"] = "科欣語",
["kie"] = "Kibet",
["kif"] = "東帕巴特卡姆語",
["kig"] = "基馬阿馬語",
["kih"] = "基爾梅里語",
["kii"] = "Kitsai",
["kij"] = "基里維納語",
["kil"] = "卡里亞語",
["kim"] = "圖法語",
["kio"] = "基奧瓦語",
["kip"] = "謝希卡姆語",
["kiq"] = "Kosadle",
["kis"] = "基斯語",
["kit"] = "阿戈布語",
["kiv"] = "金布語",
["kiw"] = "東北基瓦伊語",
["kix"] = "坎紐昂那加語",
["kiy"] = "基里基里語",
["kiz"] = "基希語",
["kj"] = "寬亞瑪語",
["kja"] = "姆拉普語",
["kjb"] = "坎霍瓦爾語",
["kjc"] = "孔喬語",
["kjd"] = "南基瓦伊語",
["kje"] = "基薩爾語",
["kjg"] = "克木語",
["kjh"] = "哈卡斯語",
["kji"] = "扎巴納語",
["kjj"] = "奇納魯格語",
["kjk"] = "高地孔喬語",
["kjl"] = "西帕巴特卡姆語",
["kjm"] = "Kháng",
["kjn"] = "昆堅語",
["kjo"] = "哈里詹金瑙里語",
["kjp"] = "東波克倫語",
["kjq"] = "西凱雷斯語",
["kjr"] = "庫魯杜語",
["kjs"] = "東柯瓦語",
["kjt"] = "Phrae Pwo",
["kju"] = "卡沙亞語",
["kjx"] = "克里阿卡語",
["kjy"] = "Erave",
["kjz"] = "布姆唐語",
["kk"] = "哈薩克語",
["kka"] = "卡坎達語",
["kkb"] = "Kwerisa",
["kkc"] = "Odoodee",
["kkd"] = "Kinuku",
["kke"] = "Kakabe",
["kkf"] = "噶拉塘門巴語",
["kkg"] = "瑪巴佳卡林阿語",
["kkh"] = "傣艮語",
["kki"] = "卡古盧語",
["kkj"] = "卡庫語",
["kkk"] = "科科塔語",
["kkl"] = "Kosarek Yale",
["kkm"] = "Kiong",
["kkn"] = "Kon Keu",
["kko"] = "Karko",
["kkp"] = "古古-貝拉語",
["kkq"] = "Kaiku",
["kkr"] = "Kir-Balar",
["kks"] = "基爾菲語",
["kkt"] = "Koi",
["kku"] = "Tumi",
["kkv"] = "Kangean",
["kkw"] = "Teke-Kukuya",
["kkx"] = "Kohin",
["kky"] = "古古伊米吉爾語",
["kkz"] = "卡斯卡語",
["kl"] = "格陵蘭語",
["kla"] = "克拉馬斯語",
["klb"] = "基利瓦語",
["klc"] = "科爾比拉語",
["kld"] = "卡米拉瑞語",
["kle"] = "Kulung",
["klf"] = "Kendeje",
["klg"] = "達雅高路加拉岸語",
["klh"] = "Weliki",
["kli"] = "卡倫邦語",
["klj"] = "哈拉吉語",
["klk"] = "Kono (Nigeria)",
["kll"] = "Kagan Kalagan",
["klm"] = "科龍語",
["kln"] = "卡倫金語",
["klo"] = "Kapya",
["klp"] = "卡馬薩語",
["klq"] = "魯姆語",
["klr"] = "喀靈語",
["kls"] = "卡拉什語",
["klt"] = "Nukna",
["klu"] = "Klao",
["klv"] = "馬斯克林斯語",
["klw"] = "林杜語",
["klx"] = "科盧瓦瓦語",
["kly"] = "佳僚語",
["klz"] = "Kabola",
["km"] = "高棉語",
["kma"] = "孔尼語",
["kmb"] = "金邦杜語",
["kmc"] = "南侗語",
["kmd"] = "馬杜卡揚卡林阿語",
["kme"] = "Bakole",
["kmf"] = "卡雷語 (新幾內亞)",
["kmg"] = "柯特語",
["kmh"] = "卡蘭語",
["kmi"] = "卡米語",
["kmj"] = "Kumarbhag Paharia",
["kmk"] = "利莫斯卡林阿語",
["kml"] = "大努丹卡林阿語",
["kmm"] = "Kom (India)",
["kmn"] = "奧圖烏語",
["kmo"] = "克沃馬語",
["kmp"] = "吉梅語",
["kmq"] = "夸馬語",
["kmr"] = "北庫爾德語",
["kms"] = "卡馬撒烏語",
["kmt"] = "肯圖伊克語",
["kmu"] = "卡尼特語",
["kmv"] = "加里布納語",
["kmw"] = "庫姆語",
["kmx"] = "馬卡揚語",
["kmy"] = "科馬語",
["kmz"] = "呼羅珊尼土耳其語",
["kn"] = "卡納達語",
["kna"] = "卡納庫魯語",
["knb"] = "盧布阿甘卡林阿語",
["knd"] = "孔達語",
["kne"] = "坎卡奈語",
["knf"] = "曼卡尼亞語",
["kni"] = "卡努菲語",
["knj"] = "阿卡特克語",
["knk"] = "庫蘭科語",
["knl"] = "克寧賈爾語",
["knm"] = "卡那馬里語",
["kno"] = "Kono (Sierra Leone)",
["knp"] = "寬賈語",
["knq"] = "金塔克語",
["knr"] = "卡寧拉語",
["kns"] = "肯休語",
["knt"] = "Katukina",
["knu"] = "Kono (Guinea)",
["knv"] = "塔博語",
["knx"] = "肯達揚語",
["kny"] = "Kanyok",
["knz"] = "Kalamsé",
["ko"] = "朝鮮語",
["ko-ear"] = "近世朝鮮語",
["koa"] = "科諾馬拉語",
["koc"] = "克帕蒂語",
["kod"] = "科迪語",
["koe"] = "Kacipo-Balesi",
["kof"] = "庫比語",
["kog"] = "Cogui",
["koh"] = "科約語",
["koi"] = "彼爾姆科米語",
["kok"] = "孔卡尼語",
["kol"] = "科爾語 (新幾內亞)",
["koo"] = "宮酉語",
["kop"] = "克瓦托語",
["koq"] = "Kota (Gabon)",
["kos"] = "科斯雷恩語",
["kot"] = "Lagwan",
["kou"] = "科克語",
["kov"] = "Kudu-Camo",
["kow"] = "Kugama",
["koy"] = "Koyukon",
["koz"] = "科拉克語",
["kpa"] = "Kutto",
["kpb"] = "Mullu Kurumba",
["kpc"] = "古里巴克語",
["kpd"] = "Koba",
["kpe"] = "克佩列語",
["kpf"] = "孔巴語",
["kpg"] = "卡平阿馬朗伊語",
["kph"] = "克普朗語",
["kpi"] = "Kofei",
["kpj"] = "卡拉賈語",
["kpk"] = "克潘語",
["kpl"] = "克帕拉語",
["kpm"] = "格賀語",
["kpn"] = "Kepkiriwát",
["kpo"] = "伊克波索語",
["kpq"] = "Korupun-Sela",
["kpr"] = "科拉費語",
["kps"] = "Tehit",
["kpt"] = "卡拉塔語",
["kpu"] = "Kafoa",
["kpv"] = "茲梁科米語",
["kpw"] = "科本語",
["kpx"] = "Mountain Koiari",
["kpy"] = "科里亞克語",
["kpz"] = "Kupsabiny",
["kqa"] = "Mum",
["kqb"] = "科維語",
["kqc"] = "Doromu-Koki",
["kqd"] = "庫伊桑賈格敘利亞語",
["kqe"] = "卡拉甘語",
["kqf"] = "卡卡拜語",
["kqg"] = "Khe",
["kqh"] = "基桑卡薩語",
["kqi"] = "科伊塔布語",
["kqj"] = "科羅米拉語",
["kqk"] = "Kotafon Gbe",
["kql"] = "Kyenele",
["kqm"] = "Khisa",
["kqn"] = "卡翁德語",
["kqo"] = "Eastern Krahn",
["kqp"] = "Kimré",
["kqq"] = "克勒納克語",
["kqr"] = "基馬拉岡語",
["kqs"] = "Northern Kissi",
["kqt"] = "Klias River Kadazan",
["kqu"] = "Seroa",
["kqv"] = "Okolod",
["kqw"] = "坎達語",
["kqx"] = "Mser",
["kqy"] = "Koorete",
["kqz"] = "Korana",
["kr"] = "卡努里語",
["kra"] = "Kumhali",
["krb"] = "Karkin",
["krc"] = "卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語",
["krd"] = "Kairui-Midiki",
["kre"] = "巴拉那語",
["krf"] = "柯羅語 (萬那杜)",
["krh"] = "Kurama",
["kri"] = "塞拉利昂克里奧爾語",
["krj"] = "基那來阿語",
["krk"] = "克列克語",
["krl"] = "卡累利阿語",
["krm"] = "Krim",
["krn"] = "Sapo",
["kro-pro"] = "原始克魯語",
["krp"] = "Korop",
["krr"] = "Kru'ng",
["krs"] = "Kresh",
["kru"] = "庫魯克語",
["krv"] = "Kavet",
["krw"] = "Western Krahn",
["krx"] = "Karon",
["kry"] = "克里茨語",
["krz"] = "Sota Kanum",
["ks"] = "克什米爾語",
["ksa"] = "Shuwa-Zamani",
["ksb"] = "尚巴拉語",
["ksc"] = "南卡林阿語",
["ksd"] = "庫阿努阿語",
["kse"] = "庫尼語",
["ksf"] = "巴菲亞語",
["ksg"] = "Kusaghe",
["ksi"] = "伊薩卡語",
["ksj"] = "夸萊語",
["ksk"] = "堪薩語",
["ksl"] = "庫馬爾語",
["ksm"] = "Kumba",
["ksn"] = "Kasiguranin",
["kso"] = "Kofa",
["ksp"] = "Kaba",
["ksq"] = "Kwaami",
["ksr"] = "博隆語",
["kss"] = "Southern Kissi",
["kst"] = "Winyé",
["ksu"] = "坎佯語",
["ksv"] = "Kusu",
["ksw"] = "斯高克倫語",
["ksx"] = "Kedang",
["ksy"] = "卡里亞塔爾語",
["ksz"] = "Kodaku",
["kta"] = "歌須語",
["ktb"] = "卡姆巴塔語",
["ktc"] = "Kholok",
["ktd"] = "科卡塔語",
["ktf"] = "Kwami",
["ktg"] = "卡爾庫通語",
["kth"] = "Karanga",
["kti"] = "North Muyu",
["ktj"] = "Plapo Krumen",
["ktk"] = "卡聶特語",
["ktl"] = "Koroshi",
["ktm"] = "庫爾提語",
["ktn"] = "佳里其阿納語",
["kto"] = "庫特語",
["ktp"] = "卡多語",
["ktq"] = "Katabaga",
["kts"] = "South Muyu",
["ktt"] = "Ketum",
["ktu"] = "吉土巴語",
["ktv"] = "東戈都語",
["ktw"] = "卡托語",
["ktx"] = "嘉夏拉里語",
["kty"] = "Kango",
["ktz"] = "朱洪語",
["ku-pro"] = "原始庫爾德語",
["kub"] = "Kutep",
["kuc"] = "Kwinsu",
["kud"] = "奧赫拉瓦語",
["kue"] = "庫曼語",
["kuf"] = "西戈都語",
["kug"] = "Kupa",
["kuh"] = "Kushi",
["kui"] = "鳩古洛語",
["kuj"] = "庫里亞語",
["kuk"] = "Kepo'",
["kul"] = "庫萊雷語",
["kum"] = "庫梅克語",
["kun"] = "庫納馬語",
["kuo"] = "庫莫基奧語",
["kup"] = "庫尼邁帕語",
["kuq"] = "卡里普納語",
["kus"] = "Kusaal",
["kut"] = "庫特奈語",
["kuu"] = "上卡斯科奎姆語",
["kuv"] = "Kur",
["kuw"] = "克帕古阿語",
["kux"] = "庫卡吉語",
["kuy"] = "庫庫-亞烏語",
["kuz"] = "坤扎語",
["kva"] = "巴格瓦拉爾語",
["kvb"] = "庫布語",
["kvc"] = "科維語",
["kvd"] = "庫伊語 (印尼)",
["kve"] = "Kalabakan",
["kvf"] = "卡巴萊語",
["kvg"] = "博阿齊語",
["kvh"] = "科莫多語",
["kvi"] = "孔語",
["kvj"] = "普西基耶語",
["kvk"] = "韓國手語",
["kvl"] = "Brek Karen",
["kvm"] = "Kendem",
["kvn"] = "Border Kuna",
["kvo"] = "多貝爾語",
["kvp"] = "孔帕內語",
["kvq"] = "Geba Karen",
["kvr"] = "葛林芝語",
["kvt"] = "Lahta Karen",
["kvu"] = "Yinbaw Karen",
["kvv"] = "可拉語",
["kvw"] = "維爾辛語",
["kvx"] = "帕卡里科里語",
["kvy"] = "Yintale Karen",
["kvz"] = "Tsakwambo",
["kw"] = "康沃爾語",
["kwa"] = "道語",
["kwb"] = "巴阿語",
["kwc"] = "利夸拉語",
["kwd"] = "Kwaio",
["kwe"] = "奎爾巴語",
["kwf"] = "夸拉阿埃語",
["kwg"] = "Sara Kaba Deme",
["kwh"] = "科韋埃語",
["kwi"] = "Awa-Cuaiquer",
["kwj"] = "克萬加語",
["kwk"] = "夸克瓦拉語",
["kwl"] = "科菲亞爾語",
["kwm"] = "Kwambi",
["kwn"] = "克萬加里語",
["kwo"] = "孔塔里語",
["kwp"] = "科迪亞語",
["kwq"] = "克瓦克語",
["kwr"] = "Kwer",
["kws"] = "Kwese",
["kwt"] = "奎斯滕語",
["kwu"] = "克瓦庫姆語",
["kwv"] = "Sara Kaba Náà",
["kww"] = "昆蒂語",
["kwx"] = "基瓦爾語",
["kwz"] = "克瓦迪語",
["kxa"] = "凱里魯語",
["kxb"] = "克羅布語",
["kxc"] = "Khonso",
["kxd"] = "汶萊馬來語",
["kxe"] = "Kakihum",
["kxf"] = "Manumanaw Karen",
["kxh"] = "卡羅語",
["kxi"] = "Keningau Murut",
["kxj"] = "Kulfa",
["kxk"] = "Zayein Karen",
["kxm"] = "北部高棉語",
["kxn"] = "加拿逸語",
["kxo"] = "加諾威語",
["kxp"] = "瓦迪雅拉科里語",
["kxq"] = "Smärky Kanum",
["kxr"] = "柯羅語 (新幾內亞)",
["kxs"] = "康家語",
["kxt"] = "科伊瓦特語",
["kxu"] = "庫伊語 (印度)",
["kxv"] = "庫維語",
["kxw"] = "科奈語",
["kxx"] = "Likuba",
["kxy"] = "歌庸語",
["kxz"] = "克雷沃語",
["ky"] = "吉爾吉斯語",
["kya"] = "克瓦亞語",
["kyb"] = "布特布特卡林阿語",
["kyc"] = "基亞卡語",
["kyd"] = "卡雷語",
["kye"] = "克拉奇語",
["kyf"] = "庫亞語",
["kyg"] = "克亞加納語",
["kyh"] = "卡魯克語",
["kyi"] = "基普特語",
["kyj"] = "加勞語",
["kyk"] = "卡馬尤語",
["kyl"] = "卡拉普亞語",
["kym"] = "克帕蒂利語",
["kyn"] = "Karolanos",
["kyo"] = "科龍語",
["kyp"] = "Kang",
["kyq"] = "肯加語",
["kyr"] = "古魯艾阿語",
["kys"] = "巴蘭加央語",
["kyt"] = "卡雅加爾語",
["kyu"] = "西克耶語",
["kyv"] = "Kayort",
["kyw"] = "庫德馬里語",
["kyx"] = "拉波伊斯語",
["kyy"] = "坎拜拉語",
["kyz"] = "卡阿比語",
["kza"] = "西卡拉博羅語",
["kzb"] = "凱博博語",
["kzc"] = "Bondoukou Kulango",
["kzd"] = "Kadai",
["kzf"] = "達阿-凱利語",
["kzg"] = "喜界語",
["kzh"] = "Dongolawi",
["kzi"] = "加拉畢語",
["kzj"] = "海岸卡達山語",
["kzk"] = "Kazukuru",
["kzl"] = "Kayeli",
["kzm"] = "凱斯語",
["kzn"] = "Kokola",
["kzo"] = "卡寧吉語",
["kzp"] = "凱迪邦語",
["kzq"] = "凱克語",
["kzr"] = "卡壤語",
["kzs"] = "Sugut Dusun",
["kzu"] = "卡尤普勞語",
["kzv"] = "孔延達雷特語",
["kzw"] = "加里里語",
["kzx"] = "卡馬利安語",
["kzy"] = "Kango-Sua",
["kzz"] = "卡拉布拉語",
["la"] = "拉丁語",
["laa"] = "拉布揚-蘇巴農語",
["lab"] = "線形文字A",
["lac"] = "拉坎敦語",
["lad"] = "拉蒂諾語",
["lae"] = "Pattani",
["laf"] = "拉福法語",
["lag"] = "朗吉語",
["lah"] = "蘭達語",
["lai"] = "拉姆比亞語",
["laj"] = "蘭戈語 (烏干達)",
["lak"] = "拉卡語",
["lam"] = "蘭巴語",
["lan"] = "Laru",
["lap"] = "Kabba-Laka",
["laq"] = "普標語",
["lar"] = "Larteh",
["las"] = "古爾拉瑪語",
["lau"] = "拉巴語",
["law"] = "勞捷語",
["lax"] = "提瓦語",
["lay"] = "拉瑪白語",
["laz"] = "Aribwatsa",
["lb"] = "盧森堡語",
["lbb"] = "拉貝爾語",
["lbc"] = "拉珈語",
["lbe"] = "拉克語",
["lbf"] = "蒂南語",
["lbg"] = "老潘語",
["lbi"] = "La'bi",
["lbj"] = "拉達克語",
["lbk"] = "中邦托克語",
["lbl"] = "利邦比科爾語",
["lbm"] = "洛迪語",
["lbn"] = "Lamet",
["lbo"] = "Laven",
["lbq"] = "Wampar",
["lbr"] = "Northern Lorung",
["lbs"] = "利比亞手語",
["lbt"] = "拉基語",
["lbu"] = "拉布語",
["lbv"] = "拉瓦特布拉語",
["lbw"] = "多樂基語",
["lbx"] = "拉望岸語",
["lby"] = "Lamu-Lamu",
["lbz"] = "拉爾迪爾語",
["lcc"] = "Legenyem",
["lcd"] = "羅拉語",
["lce"] = "隆聰語",
["lcf"] = "盧布語",
["lch"] = "Luchazi",
["lcl"] = "利塞拉語",
["lcm"] = "通加格語",
["lcp"] = "西拉威語",
["lcq"] = "Luhu",
["lcs"] = "Lisabata-Nuniali",
["lda"] = "Kla",
["ldb"] = "Idun",
["ldd"] = "Luri (Nigeria)",
["ldg"] = "Lenyima",
["ldh"] = "Lamja-Dengsa-Tola",
["ldj"] = "Lemoro",
["ldk"] = "Leelau",
["ldl"] = "Kaan",
["ldm"] = "Landoma",
["ldn"] = "拉丹語",
["ldo"] = "洛奧語",
["ldp"] = "措語",
["ldq"] = "魯夫語",
["lea"] = "Lega-Shabunda",
["leb"] = "拉拉-布桑西語",
["lec"] = "Leco",
["led"] = "Lendu",
["lee"] = "Lyélé",
["lef"] = "勒勒米語",
["leh"] = "倫杰語",
["lei"] = "萊米奧語",
["lej"] = "Lengola",
["lek"] = "雷彭語",
["lel"] = "勒勒語 (剛果)",
["lem"] = "Nomaande",
["len"] = "Honduran Lenca",
["leo"] = "Leti (Cameroon)",
["lep"] = "絨巴語",
["leq"] = "倫貝納語",
["ler"] = "倫考語",
["les"] = "萊塞語",
["let"] = "萊辛-戈利米語",
["leu"] = "卡拉語 (新幾內亞)",
["lev"] = "蘭馬語",
["lew"] = "列多-凱利語",
["lex"] = "Luang",
["ley"] = "雷摩朗語",
["lez"] = "列茲金語",
["lfa"] = "Lefa",
["lfn"] = "新共同語言",
["lg"] = "盧干達語",
["lga"] = "Lungga",
["lgb"] = "Laghu",
["lgg"] = "Lugbara",
["lgh"] = "拉余語",
["lgi"] = "Lengilu",
["lgk"] = "林加拉克語",
["lgl"] = "Wala",
["lgm"] = "Lega-Mwenga",
["lgn"] = "Opuuo",
["lgq"] = "Logba",
["lgr"] = "Lengo",
["lgs"] = "Guinea-Bissau Sign Language",
["lgt"] = "帕希語",
["lgu"] = "Longgu",
["lgz"] = "Ligenza",
["lha"] = "拉哈語(越南)",
["lhh"] = "Laha (Indonesia)",
["lhi"] = "拉祜西語",
["lhl"] = "拉胡爾洛哈爾語",
["lhn"] = "拉哈南語",
["lhp"] = "羅克普語",
["lhs"] = "Mlahsö",
["lht"] = "Lo-Toga",
["lhu"] = "拉祜語",
["li"] = "林堡語",
["lia"] = "West-Central Limba",
["lib"] = "利庫姆語",
["lic"] = "黎語",
["lid"] = "尼德魯語",
["lie"] = "Likila",
["lif"] = "林布語",
["lig"] = "利格比語",
["lih"] = "利希爾語",
["lii"] = "Lingkhim",
["lij"] = "利古里亞語",
["lik"] = "利卡語",
["lil"] = "利洛厄特語",
["lio"] = "利基語",
["lip"] = "塞克佩勒語",
["liq"] = "利比多語",
["lir"] = "利比里亞克里奧爾語",
["lis"] = "傈僳語",
["liu"] = "利古里達朱語",
["liv"] = "立窩尼亞語",
["liw"] = "Col",
["lix"] = "利亞布庫語",
["liy"] = "Banda-Bambari",
["liz"] = "Libinza",
["lja"] = "Golpa",
["lje"] = "冉姆彼語",
["lji"] = "萊右洛語",
["ljl"] = "Li'o",
["ljp"] = "阿比-楠榜語",
["ljw"] = "Yirandali",
["ljx"] = "尤魯語",
["lka"] = "Lakalei",
["lkb"] = "Kabras",
["lkc"] = "苦聰話",
["lkd"] = "Lakondê",
["lke"] = "Kenyi",
["lkh"] = "Lakha",
["lki"] = "拉科語",
["lkj"] = "Remun",
["lkl"] = "萊科語",
["lkm"] = "卡拉馬雅語",
["lkn"] = "Lakon",
["lko"] = "Khayo",
["lkr"] = "Päri",
["lks"] = "Kisa",
["lkt"] = "拉科塔語",
["lku"] = "昆卡里語",
["lky"] = "Lokoya",
["lla"] = "拉拉-羅巴語",
["llb"] = "Lolo",
["llc"] = "勒勒語 (幾內亞)",
["lld"] = "拉登語",
["lle"] = "勒勒語 (新幾內亞)",
["llf"] = "赫米特語",
["llg"] = "洛勒語",
["llh"] = "拉姆語",
["lli"] = "Teke-Laali",
["llj"] = "拉吉拉吉語",
["llk"] = "Lelak",
["lll"] = "利勞語",
["llm"] = "拉撒利姆語",
["lln"] = "勒勒語 (查德)",
["llp"] = "北埃法特語",
["llq"] = "洛拉克語",
["lls"] = "立陶宛手語",
["llu"] = "勞語",
["llx"] = "Lauan",
["lma"] = "East Limba",
["lmb"] = "Merei",
["lmc"] = "利米爾甘語",
["lmd"] = "Lumun",
["lme"] = "Pévé",
["lmf"] = "South Lembata",
["lmg"] = "拉莫加語",
["lmh"] = "Lambichhong",
["lmi"] = "Lombi",
["lmj"] = "West Lembata",
["lmk"] = "Lamkang",
["lml"] = "拉加語",
["lmn"] = "蘭巴蒂語",
["lmo"] = "倫巴底語",
["lmp"] = "Limbum",
["lmq"] = "Lamatuka",
["lmr"] = "Lamalera",
["lmu"] = "Lamenu",
["lmv"] = "Lomaiviti",
["lmw"] = "湖泊米沃克語",
["lmx"] = "Laimbue",
["lmy"] = "拉姆博亞語",
["ln"] = "林加拉語",
["lna"] = "蘭巴舍語",
["lnb"] = "姆巴蘭胡語",
["lnd"] = "弄巴灣語",
["lnh"] = "拉諾赫語",
["lni"] = "Daantanai'",
["lnj"] = "林吉提格語",
["lnl"] = "中南部班達語",
["lnm"] = "蘭加姆語",
["lnn"] = "Lorediakarkar",
["lno"] = "蘭戈語 (蘇丹)",
["lns"] = "Lamnso'",
["lnu"] = "隆古達語",
["lnw"] = "拉尼馬語",
["lo"] = "老撾語",
["loa"] = "洛洛達語",
["lob"] = "洛比語",
["loc"] = "伊農罕語",
["lod"] = "伯拉萬語",
["loe"] = "薩盧安語",
["lof"] = "洛戈爾語",
["log"] = "洛戈語",
["loh"] = "納里姆語",
["loi"] = "洛馬卡語",
["loj"] = "洛烏語",
["lok"] = "洛科語",
["lol"] = "芒戈語",
["lom"] = "Looma",
["lon"] = "Malawi Lomwe",
["loo"] = "朗博語",
["lop"] = "洛帕語",
["loq"] = "洛巴拉語",
["lor"] = "Téén",
["los"] = "洛尼烏語",
["lot"] = "洛圖科語",
["lou"] = "路易斯安那克里奧爾法語",
["lov"] = "水田語",
["low"] = "Tampias Lobu",
["lox"] = "Loun",
["loz"] = "洛齊語",
["lpa"] = "萊萊帕語",
["lpe"] = "Lepki",
["lpn"] = "Long Phuri Naga",
["lpo"] = "里潑語",
["lpx"] = "洛皮特語",
["lra"] = "拉拉巴卡提語",
["lrc"] = "北盧里語",
["lre"] = "勞倫特語",
["lrg"] = "拉拉吉亞語",
["lri"] = "Marachi",
["lrk"] = "洛亞基語",
["lrl"] = "拉里語",
["lrm"] = "Marama",
["lrn"] = "Lorang",
["lro"] = "Laro",
["lrr"] = "Southern Lorung",
["lrt"] = "Larantuka Malay",
["lrv"] = "Larevat",
["lrz"] = "Lemerig",
["lsa"] = "拉斯格爾迪語",
["lsb"] = "Burundian Sign Language",
["lsd"] = "李沙那德尼語",
["lse"] = "Lusengo",
["lsh"] = "利什語",
["lsi"] = "勒期語",
["lsl"] = "拉脫維亞手語",
["lsm"] = "Saamia",
["lsn"] = "西藏手語",
["lso"] = "老撾手語",
["lsp"] = "巴拿馬手語",
["lsr"] = "阿如歐普語",
["lss"] = "臘斯語",
["lst"] = "千里達及托巴哥手語",
["lsv"] = "西維亞手語",
["lsw"] = "Seychelles Sign Language",
["lsy"] = "毛里求斯手語",
["lt"] = "立陶宛語",
["ltc"] = "中古漢語",
["ltg"] = "拉特加萊語",
["lti"] = "勒蒂語",
["ltn"] = "Latundê",
["lto"] = "Olutsotso",
["lts"] = "Lutachoni",
["ltu"] = "拉圖語",
["lu"] = "盧巴卡丹加語",
["lua"] = "魯巴魯魯亞語",
["luc"] = "Aringa",
["lud"] = "盧迪茨語",
["lue"] = "盧瓦萊語",
["luf"] = "拉瓦語",
["luh"] = "雷州話",
["lui"] = "路易塞諾語",
["luj"] = "Luna",
["luk"] = "盧納納方言",
["lul"] = "Olu'bo",
["lum"] = "倫比語",
["lun"] = "盧恩達語",
["luo"] = "盧歐語",
["lup"] = "倫布語",
["luq"] = "盧庫米語",
["lur"] = "勞拉語",
["lus"] = "米佐語",
["lut"] = "盧紹錫德語",
["luu"] = "夜叉語",
["luv"] = "魯瓦蒂語",
["luy"] = "盧希亞語",
["luz"] = "南盧里語",
["lv"] = "拉脫維亞語",
["lva"] = "馬庫瓦語",
["lvi"] = "拉維語",
["lvk"] = "拉烏卡萊韋語",
["lvl"] = "盧韋爾語",
["lvu"] = "萊武卡語",
["lwa"] = "瓦盧語",
["lwe"] = "盧沃埃倫語",
["lwg"] = "旺加語",
["lwh"] = "白拉基語",
["lwl"] = "東拉威語",
["lwm"] = "老緬語",
["lwo"] = "盧沃語",
["lws"] = "馬拉威手語",
["lwt"] = "勒沃托比語",
["lwu"] = "拉武語",
["lww"] = "樂窩語",
["lxm"] = "Lakurumau",
["lya"] = "拉雅語",
["lyg"] = "林甘語",
["lyn"] = "盧亞納語",
["lzh"] = "文言文",
["lzl"] = "Litzlitz",
["lzn"] = "Leinong Naga",
["lzz"] = "拉茲語",
["maa"] = "聖赫羅尼莫特科阿特爾馬薩特克語",
["mab"] = "尤坦杜奇米斯特克語",
["mad"] = "馬都拉語",
["mae"] = "Bo-Rukul",
["maf"] = "馬法語",
["mag"] = "馬加希語",
["mai"] = "邁蒂利語",
["maj"] = "哈拉佩德迪亞茲馬薩特克語",
["mak"] = "望加錫語",
["mam"] = "馬姆語",
["man"] = "曼丁哥語",
["map-ata-pro"] = "原始泰雅語",
["map-bms"] = "班尤馬山語",
["map-pro"] = "原始南島語",
["map-trv"] = "太魯閣語",
["maq"] = "奇危特蘭馬薩特克語",
["mas"] = "馬賽語",
["mat"] = "馬特拉爾辛卡語",
["mau"] = "瓦烏特拉馬薩特克語",
["mav"] = "Sateré-Mawé",
["maw"] = "曼普魯西語",
["max"] = "北摩鹿加馬來語",
["maz"] = "中馬薩瓦語",
["mba"] = "希高農語",
["mbb"] = "西布基農-馬諾博語",
["mbc"] = "馬古西語",
["mbd"] = "迪巴巴旺-馬諾博語",
["mbe"] = "莫拉勒語",
["mbf"] = "峇峇馬來語",
["mbh"] = "芒森語",
["mbi"] = "伊利亞農-馬諾博語",
["mbj"] = "納德布語",
["mbk"] = "馬洛爾語",
["mbl"] = "馬夏卡里語",
["mbm"] = "Ombamba",
["mbn"] = "馬卡關語",
["mbo"] = "Mbo (Cameroon)",
["mbp"] = "Wiwa",
["mbq"] = "邁辛語",
["mbr"] = "努卡克馬庫語",
["mbs"] = "薩蘭加尼-馬諾博語",
["mbt"] = "馬蒂沙祿-馬諾博語",
["mbu"] = "Mbula-Bwazza",
["mbv"] = "姆布倫吉斯語",
["mbw"] = "馬陵語",
["mbx"] = "塞皮克馬里語",
["mby"] = "梅莫尼語",
["mbz"] = "阿莫爾特佩卡米斯特克語",
["mca"] = "Maca",
["mcb"] = "馬奇根加語",
["mcc"] = "比圖爾語",
["mcd"] = "沙拉納瓦語",
["mce"] = "伊通杜希亞米斯特克語",
["mcf"] = "馬策語",
["mcg"] = "馬波約語",
["mch"] = "耶夸納語",
["mci"] = "Mese",
["mcj"] = "姆伐尼普語",
["mck"] = "姆本達語",
["mcl"] = "Macaguaje",
["mcm"] = "馬六甲克里奧爾葡萄牙語",
["mcn"] = "馬薩那語",
["mco"] = "科阿特蘭米塞語",
["mcp"] = "馬卡語",
["mcq"] = "埃塞語",
["mcr"] = "門雅語",
["mcs"] = "曼貝語",
["mcu"] = "喀麥隆曼比拉語",
["mcw"] = "馬瓦語",
["mcx"] = "姆皮莫語",
["mcy"] = "南瓦圖特語",
["mcz"] = "Mawan",
["mda"] = "馬達語 (尼日利亞)",
["mdb"] = "莫利吉語",
["mdc"] = "Male",
["mdd"] = "姆布姆語",
["mde"] = "布拉馬邦語",
["mdf"] = "莫克沙語",
["mdg"] = "馬薩拉特語",
["mdh"] = "馬京達瑙語",
["mdi"] = "瑪姆烏語",
["mdj"] = "芒貝圖語",
["mdk"] = "芒布圖語",
["mdl"] = "馬爾他手語",
["mdm"] = "馬約戈語",
["mdn"] = "Mbati",
["mdp"] = "姆巴拉語",
["mdq"] = "Mbole",
["mdr"] = "曼達爾語",
["mds"] = "Maria",
["mdt"] = "姆貝勒語",
["mdu"] = "姆布科語",
["mdv"] = "聖盧西亞蒙泰韋爾米斯特克語",
["mdw"] = "姆博斯語",
["mdx"] = "迪津語",
["mdy"] = "馬勒語",
["mdz"] = "Suruí Do Pará",
["mea"] = "門卡語",
["meb"] = "Ikobi-Mena",
["mec"] = "瑪拉語",
["med"] = "梅爾帕語",
["mee"] = "門根語",
["mef"] = "梅甘語",
["meh"] = "西南特拉夏科米斯特克語",
["mei"] = "米多比語",
["mej"] = "梅亞赫語",
["mek"] = "梅凱奧語",
["mel"] = "中馬蘭諾語",
["mem"] = "Mangala",
["men"] = "門德語",
["meo"] = "吉打馬來語",
["mep"] = "Miriwung",
["meq"] = "梅里語",
["mer"] = "梅魯語",
["mes"] = "Masmaje",
["met"] = "馬托語",
["meu"] = "莫圖語",
["mev"] = "馬諾語",
["mew"] = "馬阿卡語",
["mey"] = "哈桑語",
["mez"] = "Menominee",
["mfa"] = "北大年馬來語",
["mfb"] = "邦卡語",
["mfc"] = "姆巴語",
["mfd"] = "Mendankwe-Nkwen",
["mfe"] = "毛里求斯克里奧爾語",
["mff"] = "納基語",
["mfg"] = "Mixifore",
["mfh"] = "馬特爾語",
["mfi"] = "萬達拉語",
["mfj"] = "梅菲勒語",
["mfk"] = "North Mofu",
["mfl"] = "普泰語",
["mfm"] = "Marghi South",
["mfn"] = "克羅斯河姆邊貝語",
["mfo"] = "姆貝語",
["mfp"] = "望加錫馬來語",
["mfq"] = "莫巴語",
["mfr"] = "馬里蒂爾語",
["mfs"] = "墨西哥手語",
["mft"] = "莫克朗語",
["mfu"] = "姆布韋拉語",
["mfv"] = "曼賈克語",
["mfw"] = "穆拉哈語",
["mfx"] = "梅洛語",
["mfy"] = "馬約語",
["mfz"] = "馬班語",
["mg"] = "馬拉加斯語",
["mga"] = "中古愛爾蘭語",
["mgb"] = "馬拉雷利語",
["mgc"] = "羅莫科多語",
["mgd"] = "莫魯語",
["mge"] = "曼戈語",
["mgf"] = "馬克萊語",
["mgg"] = "姆彭彭語",
["mgh"] = "馬夸語",
["mgi"] = "吉利語",
["mgj"] = "阿布勒尼語",
["mgk"] = "馬維斯語",
["mgl"] = "馬盧-基倫格語",
["mgm"] = "曼拜語",
["mgn"] = "姆邦吉語",
["mgo"] = "美塔語",
["mgp"] = "東馬嘉爾語",
["mgq"] = "馬利拉語",
["mgr"] = "曼布韋-倫古語",
["mgs"] = "曼達語(坦桑尼亞)",
["mgt"] = "姆阿凱語",
["mgu"] = "邁盧語",
["mgv"] = "馬滕戈語",
["mgw"] = "馬通比語",
["mgy"] = "姆邦加語",
["mgz"] = "姆布圭語",
["mh"] = "馬紹爾語",
["mha"] = "曼達語(印度)",
["mhb"] = "馬洪圭語",
["mhc"] = "莫喬語",
["mhd"] = "姆布古語",
["mhe"] = "馬赫梅里語",
["mhf"] = "馬馬阿語",
["mhg"] = "馬爾古語",
["mhi"] = "馬迪語",
["mhj"] = "蒙戈勒語",
["mhk"] = "蒙加卡語",
["mhl"] = "毛瓦凱語",
["mhm"] = "Makhuwa-Moniga",
["mhn"] = "默切諾語",
["mho"] = "馬希語",
["mhp"] = "峇里馬來語",
["mhq"] = "曼丹語",
["mhr"] = "東馬里語",
["mhs"] = "布魯語 (印尼)",
["mht"] = "曼達瓦卡語",
["mhu"] = "達讓語",
["mhw"] = "姆布庫舒語",
["mhx"] = "浪速語",
["mhy"] = "馬安揚語",
["mhz"] = "莫爾語 (南島語系)",
["mi"] = "毛利語",
["mia"] = "邁阿密-伊利諾伊語",
["mib"] = "阿塔特拉烏卡米斯特克語",
["mic"] = "密克馬克語",
["mid"] = "曼達安語",
["mie"] = "奧科特佩克米斯特克語",
["mif"] = "摩福古杜爾語",
["mig"] = "大聖米蓋爾米斯特克語",
["mih"] = "查尤科米斯特克語",
["mii"] = "奇格梅卡蒂特蘭米斯特克語",
["mij"] = "蒙邦語",
["mik"] = "密卡蘇奇語",
["mil"] = "佩諾爾斯米斯特克語",
["mim"] = "阿拉卡特拉扎拉米斯特克語",
["min"] = "米南佳保語",
["mio"] = "皮諾特帕納雄耐爾米斯特克語",
["mip"] = "阿帕斯科-阿波亞拉米斯特克語",
["miq"] = "米斯基托語",
["mir"] = "地峽米塞語",
["mis-hkl"] = "吉蘭丹峇峇",
["mis-idn"] = "Idiom Neutral",
["mis-isa"] = "伊蘇利亞語",
["mis-jie"] = "羯語",
["mis-jzh"] = "吉兆話",
["mis-kas"] = "加喜特語",
["mis-mmd"] = "德科斯米米語",
["mis-mmn"] = "納赫蒂加爾米米語",
["mis-phi"] = "非利士語",
["mis-rou"] = "柔然語",
["mis-tdl"] = "Turdulian",
["mis-tdt"] = "圖爾德塔尼語",
["mis-tnw"] = "唐汪話",
["mis-tuh"] = "吐谷渾語",
["mis-tuo"] = "拓跋語",
["mis-wuh"] = "烏桓語",
["mis-xbi"] = "鮮卑語",
["mis-xnu"] = "匈奴語",
["mit"] = "南普埃布拉米斯特克語",
["miu"] = "卡卡洛斯特佩克米斯特克語",
["miw"] = "阿科耶語",
["mix"] = "米斯特佩克米斯特克語",
["miy"] = "阿尤特拉米斯特克語",
["miz"] = "科亞佐斯潘米斯特克語",
["mjb"] = "馬卡萊羅語",
["mjc"] = "聖胡安科羅拉多米斯特克語",
["mjd"] = "西北邁杜語",
["mje"] = "穆斯庫姆語",
["mjg-mgl"] = "互助土族語",
["mjg-mgr"] = "民和土族語",
["mji"] = "金門語",
["mjj"] = "馬瓦克語",
["mjk"] = "馬圖卡爾語",
["mjl"] = "曼迪阿里語",
["mjm"] = "梅德布爾語",
["mjn"] = "梅布語",
["mjo"] = "Malankuravan",
["mjp"] = "Malapandaram",
["mjq"] = "馬拉爾揚語",
["mjr"] = "馬拉韋丹語",
["mjs"] = "米希普語",
["mjt"] = "紹里亞帕哈里亞語",
["mju"] = "Manna-Dora",
["mjv"] = "曼南語",
["mjw"] = "卡爾比語",
["mjx"] = "馬哈里語",
["mjy"] = "莫希干語",
["mjz"] = "邁希語",
["mk"] = "馬其頓語",
["mka"] = "Mbre",
["mkb"] = "馬爾帕哈里亞語",
["mkc"] = "西利普特語",
["mke"] = "茂奇語",
["mkf"] = "米亞語",
["mkg"] = "莫語",
["mkh-asl-pro"] = "原始亞斯里語",
["mkh-ban-pro"] = "原始巴拿語",
["mkh-kat-pro"] = "原始戈都語",
["mkh-khm-pro"] = "原始克木語",
["mkh-kmr-pro"] = "原始高棉語",
["mkh-mmn"] = "中古孟語",
["mkh-mnc-pro"] = "原始孟語",
["mkh-mvi"] = "中古越南語",
["mkh-pal-pro"] = "原始佤德昂語",
["mkh-pea-pro"] = "原始比爾語",
["mkh-pkn-pro"] = "原始莽語",
["mkh-pro"] = "原始孟-高棉語",
["mkh-vie-pro"] = "原始越語",
["mki"] = "達特基語",
["mkj"] = "莫基爾語",
["mkk"] = "Byep",
["mkl"] = "Mokole",
["mkm"] = "Moklen",
["mkn"] = "古邦馬來語",
["mko"] = "Mingang Doso",
["mkp"] = "Moikodi",
["mkq"] = "海灣米沃克語",
["mkr"] = "馬拉斯語",
["mks"] = "西拉卡約亞潘米斯特克語",
["mkt"] = "Vamale",
["mku"] = "Konyanka Maninka",
["mkv"] = "Mafea",
["mkx"] = "甘米銀-馬諾博語",
["mky"] = "東馬基安語",
["mkz"] = "馬卡莎語",
["ml"] = "馬拉雅拉姆語",
["mla"] = "塔馬姆博語",
["mlb"] = "姆布萊語",
["mlc"] = "高欄語",
["mle"] = "Manambu",
["mlf"] = "Mal",
["mlh"] = "Mape",
["mli"] = "馬林朋語",
["mlj"] = "米爾圖語",
["mlk"] = "伊爾瓦納語",
["mll"] = "Malua Bay",
["mlm"] = "仫佬語",
["mln"] = "馬蘭戈語",
["mlo"] = "Mlomp",
["mlp"] = "巴爾加姆語",
["mlq"] = "西曼丁哥語",
["mlr"] = "Vame",
["mls"] = "Masalit",
["mlu"] = "托阿巴伊塔語",
["mlv"] = "莫塔拉瓦語",
["mlw"] = "莫洛科語",
["mlx"] = "Malfaxal",
["mlz"] = "Malaynon",
["mma"] = "Mama",
["mmb"] = "莫米納語",
["mmc"] = "米卻肯馬薩瓦語",
["mmd"] = "毛南語",
["mme"] = "馬埃語",
["mmf"] = "蒙達特語",
["mmg"] = "北安布里姆語",
["mmh"] = "梅納克語",
["mmi"] = "穆薩爾語",
["mmj"] = "Majhwar",
["mmk"] = "Mukha-Dora",
["mml"] = "Man Met",
["mmm"] = "邁伊語",
["mmn"] = "瑪曼瓦語",
["mmo"] = "Mangga Buang",
["mmp"] = "穆桑語",
["mmq"] = "艾西語",
["mmr"] = "西部湘西苗語",
["mmt"] = "馬拉拉邁語",
["mmu"] = "Mmaala",
["mmv"] = "米里蒂語",
["mmw"] = "埃馬埃語",
["mmx"] = "馬達克語",
["mmy"] = "米加阿馬語",
["mmz"] = "Mabaale",
["mn"] = "蒙古語",
["mna"] = "姆布拉語",
["mnb"] = "穆納語",
["mnc"] = "滿語",
["mnd"] = "孟德語",
["mne"] = "納巴語",
["mnf"] = "蒙達尼語",
["mng"] = "東墨儂語",
["mnh"] = "Mono (Congo)",
["mni"] = "曼尼普爾語",
["mnj"] = "蒙賈尼語",
["mnk"] = "曼丁哥語",
["mnl"] = "Tiale",
["mnm"] = "Mapena",
["mnn"] = "南墨儂語",
["mnp"] = "閩北語",
["mnq"] = "明里克語",
["mnr"] = "Mono (California)",
["mns-cen"] = "中曼西語",
["mns-nor"] = "北曼西語",
["mns-pro"] = "原始曼西語",
["mns-sou"] = "南曼西語",
["mnt"] = "馬伊庫蘭語",
["mnu"] = "Mer",
["mnv"] = "拉納爾語",
["mnw"] = "孟語",
["mnw-tha"] = "泰國孟語",
["mnx"] = "Manikion",
["mny"] = "Manyawa",
["mnz"] = "莫尼語",
["moa"] = "姆宛語",
["moc"] = "莫科維語",
["mod"] = "莫比爾語",
["moe"] = "蒙大拿語",
["mog"] = "蒙貢多語",
["moh"] = "莫霍克語",
["moi"] = "姆博伊語",
["moj"] = "Monzombo",
["mok"] = "齊馬卡尼語",
["mom"] = "Monimbo",
["moo"] = "莫儂語",
["mop"] = "莫潘瑪雅語",
["moq"] = "莫爾語 (巴布亞諸語言)",
["mor"] = "莫羅語",
["mos"] = "莫西語",
["mot"] = "Barí",
["mou"] = "莫古姆語",
["mov"] = "莫哈維語",
["mow"] = "Moi (Congo)",
["mox"] = "莫利馬語",
["moy"] = "謝卡楚語",
["moz"] = "穆庫魯語",
["mpa"] = "姆波托語",
["mpb"] = "馬拉克馬拉克語",
["mpc"] = "曼加拉伊語",
["mpd"] = "馬吉內里語",
["mpe"] = "馬江語",
["mpg"] = "馬爾巴語",
["mph"] = "毛翁語",
["mpi"] = "姆帕德語",
["mpj"] = "馬圖汪加語",
["mpk"] = "姆巴拉語(乍得)",
["mpl"] = "中瓦圖特語",
["mpm"] = "約松杜亞米斯特克語",
["mpn"] = "明迪里語",
["mpo"] = "Miu",
["mpp"] = "米加巴克語",
["mpq"] = "馬其斯語",
["mpr"] = "萬古努語",
["mps"] = "達迪比語",
["mpt"] = "米安語",
["mpu"] = "馬古拉比語",
["mpv"] = "蒙基普語",
["mpw"] = "馬皮迪安語",
["mpx"] = "米西馬-帕奈阿蒂語",
["mpy"] = "馬皮阿語",
["mpz"] = "姆畢語",
["mqa"] = "馬巴語",
["mqb"] = "姆布科語",
["mqc"] = "Mangole",
["mqe"] = "Matepi",
["mqf"] = "莫穆納語",
["mqg"] = "Kota Bangun Kutai Malay",
["mqh"] = "特拉索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語",
["mqi"] = "瑪里里語",
["mqj"] = "瑪瑪薩語",
["mqk"] = "拉賈卡本選-馬諾博語",
["mql"] = "姆貝利梅語",
["mqm"] = "南馬克薩斯語",
["mqn"] = "摩羅內內語",
["mqo"] = "Modole",
["mqp"] = "馬尼帕語",
["mqq"] = "米諾科克語",
["mqr"] = "Mander",
["mqs"] = "西馬基安語",
["mqt"] = "Mok",
["mqu"] = "Mandari",
["mqv"] = "莫西莫語",
["mqw"] = "Murupi",
["mqx"] = "馬穆朱語",
["mqy"] = "芒加萊語",
["mqz"] = "馬拉桑加語",
["mr"] = "馬拉地語",
["mra"] = "姆拉布里語",
["mrb"] = "馬里諾語",
["mrc"] = "馬里科帕語",
["mrd"] = "西馬嘉爾語",
["mre"] = "瑪莎葡萄園島手語",
["mrf"] = "Elseng",
["mrg"] = "米辛語",
["mrh"] = "馬拉欽語",
["mrj"] = "西馬里語",
["mrk"] = "Hmwaveke",
["mrl"] = "莫特洛克語",
["mrm"] = "梅爾拉夫語",
["mrn"] = "切克霍羅語",
["mro"] = "姆魯語",
["mrp"] = "Morouas",
["mrq"] = "北馬克薩斯語",
["mrr"] = "Hill Maria",
["mrs"] = "馬拉古斯語",
["mrt"] = "馬爾吉語",
["mru"] = "Mono (Cameroon)",
["mrv"] = "曼加瑞瓦語",
["mrw"] = "馬拉瑙語",
["mrx"] = "迪內奧爾語",
["mry"] = "卡拉加曼達亞語",
["mrz"] = "馬林德語",
["ms"] = "馬來語",
["msb"] = "馬斯巴特語",
["msc"] = "Sankaran Maninka",
["msd"] = "猶加敦瑪雅手語",
["mse"] = "穆西語",
["msf"] = "梅奎伊語",
["msg"] = "Moraid",
["msi"] = "沙巴馬來語",
["msj"] = "Ma",
["msk"] = "曼薩卡語",
["msl"] = "莫洛夫語",
["msm"] = "阿古桑-馬諾博語",
["msn"] = "烏雷斯語",
["mso"] = "Mombum",
["msp"] = "Maritsauá",
["msq"] = "Caac",
["msr"] = "蒙古手語",
["mss"] = "西馬塞拉語",
["msu"] = "穆索姆語",
["msv"] = "馬斯拉姆語",
["msw"] = "Mansoanka",
["msx"] = "Moresada",
["msy"] = "阿魯阿穆語",
["msz"] = "莫馬雷語",
["mt"] = "馬爾他語",
["mta"] = "哥打巴托-馬諾博語",
["mtb"] = "阿尼莫羅福語",
["mtc"] = "穆尼特語",
["mtd"] = "穆阿朗語",
["mte"] = "阿盧語",
["mtf"] = "穆里克語 (新幾內亞)",
["mtg"] = "烏納語",
["mth"] = "Munggui",
["mti"] = "麥瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
["mtj"] = "莫斯科納語",
["mtk"] = "姆貝厄語",
["mtl"] = "蒙托爾語",
["mtm"] = "馬托爾語",
["mtn"] = "馬塔加爾帕語",
["mto"] = "特通特佩克米塞語",
["mtp"] = "維奇拉姆特斯諾克滕語",
["mtq"] = "芒語",
["mtr"] = "梅瓦爾語",
["mts"] = "優拉語",
["mtt"] = "莫塔語",
["mtu"] = "圖圖特佩克米斯特克語",
["mtv"] = "阿薩羅奧語",
["mtw"] = "馬加哈特語",
["mtx"] = "蒂達亞米斯特克語",
["mty"] = "南比語",
["mua"] = "蒙當語",
["mub"] = "穆比語",
["muc"] = "姆布語",
["mud"] = "Mednyj Aleut",
["mue"] = "Media Lengua",
["mug"] = "穆斯古語",
["muh"] = "明迪語",
["mui"] = "穆西語",
["muj"] = "馬比雷語",
["mul"] = "跨語言",
["mum"] = "馬伊瓦拉語",
["mun-pro"] = "原始蒙達語",
["muo"] = "Nyong",
["mup"] = "馬爾瓦語",
["muq"] = "西部湘西苗語",
["mur"] = "穆爾萊語",
["mus"] = "克里克語",
["mut"] = "西穆里亞語",
["muu"] = "Yaaku",
["muv"] = "穆圖凡語",
["mux"] = "Bo-Ung",
["muy"] = "穆揚語",
["muz"] = "穆爾西語",
["mva"] = "馬納姆語",
["mvb"] = "馬投爾語",
["mvd"] = "曼博魯語",
["mvg"] = "尤夸涅米斯特克語",
["mvh"] = "米雷語",
["mvi"] = "宮古語",
["mvk"] = "梅克梅克語",
["mvl"] = "姆巴拉語(澳洲)",
["mvm"] = "木雅語",
["mvn"] = "米納維哈語",
["mvo"] = "馬羅沃語",
["mvp"] = "都利語",
["mvq"] = "莫埃萊語",
["mvr"] = "馬勞語",
["mvs"] = "馬塞普語",
["mvt"] = "姆波托沃羅語",
["mvu"] = "馬爾法語",
["mvv"] = "塔戈爾語",
["mvw"] = "Machinga",
["mvx"] = "Meoswar",
["mvy"] = "印度河科希斯坦語",
["mvz"] = "Mesqan",
["mwa"] = "姆瓦特布語",
["mwb"] = "穆尼瓦拉語",
["mwc"] = "阿雷語",
["mwe"] = "姆維拉語",
["mwf"] = "穆林帕塔語",
["mwg"] = "Aiklep",
["mwh"] = "莫克-阿里阿語",
["mwi"] = "Labo",
["mwk"] = "Kita Maninkakan",
["mwl"] = "米蘭德斯語",
["mwm"] = "薩爾語",
["mwn"] = "尼揚萬加語",
["mwo"] = "Central Maewo",
["mwp"] = "卡拉拉高雅語",
["mwq"] = "Mün Chin",
["mwr"] = "馬瓦里語",
["mws"] = "Mwimbi-Muthambi",
["mwt"] = "莫肯語",
["mwu"] = "米圖語",
["mwv"] = "明打威語",
["mww"] = "白苗語",
["mwz"] = "Moingi",
["mxa"] = "西北瓦哈卡米斯特克語",
["mxb"] = "特索亞特蘭米斯特克語",
["mxd"] = "莫當語",
["mxe"] = "梅勒-菲拉語",
["mxf"] = "馬爾格貝語",
["mxg"] = "姆班加拉語",
["mxh"] = "姆武巴語",
["mxi"] = "莫札拉布語",
["mxj"] = "格曼語",
["mxk"] = "莫努姆博語",
["mxl"] = "Maxi Gbe",
["mxm"] = "梅拉梅拉語",
["mxn"] = "Moi (Indonesia)",
["mxo"] = "姆博韋語",
["mxp"] = "特拉惠托爾特佩克米塞語",
["mxq"] = "胡基拉米塞語",
["mxr"] = "穆里克語 (馬來西亞)",
["mxs"] = "惠特佩克米斯特克語",
["mxt"] = "哈米爾特佩克米斯特克語",
["mxu"] = "馬達語 (喀麥隆)",
["mxv"] = "梅特拉托諾克米斯特克語",
["mxw"] = "納莫語",
["mxx"] = "馬霍語",
["mxy"] = "東南諾奇斯特蘭米斯特克語",
["mxz"] = "中馬塞拉語",
["my"] = "緬甸語",
["myb"] = "姆拜語",
["myc"] = "Mayeka",
["mye"] = "姆耶內語",
["myf"] = "Bambassi",
["myg"] = "Manta",
["myh"] = "Makah",
["myj"] = "Mangayat",
["myk"] = "Mamara Senoufo",
["myl"] = "摩瑪語",
["mym"] = "Me'en",
["myn-chl"] = "Ch'olti'",
["myn-pro"] = "原始瑪雅語",
["myo"] = "Anfillo",
["myp"] = "皮拉罕語",
["myr"] = "Muniche",
["mys"] = "Mesmes",
["myu"] = "蠻杜拉枯語",
["myv"] = "埃爾齊亞語",
["myw"] = "穆尤語",
["myx"] = "馬薩巴語",
["myy"] = "馬古納語",
["myz"] = "古典曼達安語",
["mza"] = "聖瑪利亞薩卡特佩克米斯特克語",
["mzb"] = "北撒哈拉柏柏爾語",
["mzc"] = "馬達加斯加手語",
["mzd"] = "Malimba",
["mze"] = "莫拉瓦語",
["mzg"] = "修道院手語",
["mzh"] = "維奇拉姆特斯圭斯奈語",
["mzi"] = "伊斯卡特蘭馬薩特克語",
["mzj"] = "Manya",
["mzk"] = "尼日利亞曼比拉語",
["mzl"] = "馬薩特蘭米塞語",
["mzm"] = "穆穆耶語",
["mzn"] = "馬贊德蘭語",
["mzo"] = "馬其布語",
["mzp"] = "莫維瑪語",
["mzq"] = "摩利-阿達斯語",
["mzr"] = "馬魯波語",
["mzs"] = "澳門土生葡語",
["mzt"] = "Mintil",
["mzu"] = "Inapang",
["mzv"] = "Manza",
["mzw"] = "Deg",
["mzx"] = "Mawayana",
["mzy"] = "莫桑比克手語",
["mzz"] = "Maiadomu",
["na"] = "瑙魯語",
["naa"] = "納姆拉語",
["nab"] = "南比夸拉語",
["nac"] = "Narak",
["nae"] = "Naka'ela",
["naf"] = "Nabak",
["nag"] = "那加克里奧爾語",
["nah"] = "納瓦特爾語",
["nai-ala"] = "阿拉扎帕語",
["nai-bay"] = "Bayogoula",
["nai-cal"] = "Calusa",
["nai-chi"] = "Chiquimulilla",
["nai-chu-pro"] = "原始楚馬什語",
["nai-cig"] = "Ciguayo",
["nai-ckn-pro"] = "原始契努克語",
["nai-guz"] = "Guazacapán",
["nai-hit"] = "Hitchiti",
["nai-ipa"] = "Ipai",
["nai-jtp"] = "胡蒂亞帕語",
["nai-jum"] = "胡邁佩特克語",
["nai-kat"] = "卡斯拉梅特語",
["nai-klp-pro"] = "原始卡拉普亞語",
["nai-knm"] = "科諾米胡語",
["nai-kum"] = "庫梅亞艾語",
["nai-mac"] = "Macoris",
["nai-mdu-pro"] = "Proto-Maidun",
["nai-miz-pro"] = "原始米塞-索克語",
["nai-mus-pro"] = "原始穆斯科格語",
["nai-nao"] = "Naolan",
["nai-nrs"] = "New River Shasta",
["nai-okw"] = "Okwanuchu",
["nai-per"] = "佩里庫語",
["nai-pic"] = "Picuris",
["nai-plp-pro"] = "原始高原佩努提語支",
["nai-pom-pro"] = "原始波莫語",
["nai-qng"] = "Quinigua",
["nai-sca-pro"] = "原始蘇-卡托巴語",
["nai-sin"] = "Sinacantán",
["nai-sln"] = "Salvadoran Lenca",
["nai-spt"] = "Sahaptin",
["nai-tap"] = "Tapachultec",
["nai-taw"] = "塔瓦薩語",
["nai-teq"] = "特奎斯特拉特克語",
["nai-tip"] = "Tipai",
["nai-tot-pro"] = "原始托托索克語",
["nai-tsi-pro"] = "Proto-Tsimshianic",
["nai-utn-pro"] = "Proto-Utian",
["nai-wai"] = "Waikuri",
["nai-wji"] = "西希卡克語",
["nai-yup"] = "尤皮爾特佩克語",
["naj"] = "Nalu",
["nak"] = "納卡納伊語",
["nal"] = "納利克語",
["nam"] = "Ngan'gityemerri",
["nan"] = "閩南語",
["nan-dat"] = "大田話",
["nan-hbl"] = "泉漳話",
["nan-hlh"] = "海陸豐話",
["nan-lnx"] = "龍巖話",
["nan-tws"] = "潮州話",
["nan-zhe"] = "浙南閩語",
["nan-zsh"] = "三鄉話",
["nao"] = "Naaba",
["nap"] = "那不勒斯語",
["naq"] = "科伊科伊語",
["nar"] = "Iguta",
["nas"] = "納希奧伊語",
["nat"] = "Hungworo",
["naw"] = "Nawuri",
["nax"] = "Nakwi",
["nay"] = "恩加林杰里語",
["naz"] = "科阿特佩克納瓦特爾語",
["nb"] = "書面挪威語",
["nba"] = "Nyemba",
["nbb"] = "Ndoe",
["nbc"] = "昌語",
["nbd"] = "恩賓達語",
["nbe"] = "孔雅克-那加語",
["nbg"] = "納加爾恰爾語",
["nbh"] = "恩加莫語",
["nbi"] = "毛-那加語",
["nbj"] = "Ngarinman",
["nbk"] = "Nake",
["nbm"] = "Ngbaka Ma'bo",
["nbn"] = "Kuri",
["nbo"] = "Nkukoli",
["nbp"] = "Nnam",
["nbq"] = "Nggem",
["nbr"] = "Numana",
["nbs"] = "納米比亞手語",
["nbt"] = "納語",
["nbu"] = "Rongmei Naga",
["nbv"] = "Ngamambo",
["nbw"] = "南恩班迪語",
["nby"] = "Ningera",
["nca"] = "伊約語",
["ncb"] = "中尼科巴語",
["ncc"] = "波那姆語",
["ncd"] = "Nachering",
["nce"] = "亞萊語",
["ncf"] = "諾茨語",
["ncg"] = "尼斯加亞語",
["nch"] = "中瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
["nci"] = "古典納瓦特爾語",
["ncj"] = "北普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
["nck"] = "納卡拉語",
["ncl"] = "米卻肯納瓦特爾語",
["ncm"] = "納姆博語",
["ncn"] = "瑙納語",
["nco"] = "Sibe",
["ncr"] = "Ncane",
["ncs"] = "尼加拉瓜手語",
["nct"] = "Chothe Naga",
["ncu"] = "Chumburung",
["ncx"] = "中普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
["ncz"] = "Natchez",
["nd"] = "北恩德貝勒語",
["nda"] = "恩達薩語",
["ndb"] = "Kenswei Nsei",
["ndc"] = "Ndau",
["ndd"] = "Nde-Nsele-Nta",
["ndf"] = "Nadruvian",
["ndg"] = "恩登格雷科語",
["ndh"] = "恩達利語",
["ndi"] = "Chamba Leko",
["ndj"] = "恩丹巴語",
["ndk"] = "恩達卡語",
["ndl"] = "恩多洛語",
["ndm"] = "恩達姆語",
["ndn"] = "恩貢迪語",
["ndp"] = "恩多語",
["ndq"] = "恩多姆貝語",
["ndr"] = "Ndoola",
["nds"] = "低地德語",
["ndt"] = "恩敦加語",
["ndu"] = "Dugun",
["ndv"] = "恩杜特語",
["ndw"] = "恩多博語",
["ndx"] = "恩杜加語",
["ndy"] = "盧托斯語",
["ndz"] = "恩多戈語",
["ne"] = "尼泊爾語",
["nea"] = "Eastern Ngad'a",
["neb"] = "Toura",
["nec"] = "內得邦語",
["ned"] = "Nde-Gbite",
["nee"] = "庫馬克語",
["nef"] = "內法語",
["neg"] = "涅吉達爾語",
["neh"] = "念卡語",
["nej"] = "Neko",
["nek"] = "Neku",
["nem"] = "Nemi",
["nen"] = "林哥尼語",
["neo"] = "Ná-Meo",
["neq"] = "中北部米塞語",
["ner"] = "Yahadian",
["nes"] = "Bhoti Kinnauri",
["net"] = "Nete",
["neu"] = "Neo",
["nev"] = "洪語",
["new"] = "尼瓦爾語",
["nex"] = "Neme",
["ney"] = "Neyo",
["nez"] = "Nez Perce",
["nfa"] = "Dhao",
["nfd"] = "Ahwai",
["nfl"] = "阿伊沃語",
["nfr"] = "納凡拉語",
["nfu"] = "姆豐特語",
["ng"] = "恩東加語",
["nga"] = "Ngbaka",
["ngb"] = "北恩班迪語",
["ngc"] = "Ngombe (Congo)",
["ngd"] = "Ngando (Central African Republic)",
["nge"] = "Ngemba",
["ngf-bin-pro"] = "Proto-Binanderean",
["ngf-pro"] = "原始跨新幾內亞語",
["ngg"] = "Ngbaka Manza",
["ngh"] = "努語",
["ngi"] = "恩吉姆語",
["ngj"] = "Ngie",
["ngk"] = "Ngalkbun",
["ngl"] = "Lomwe",
["ngm"] = "Ngatik Men's Creole",
["ngn"] = "恩果語",
["ngo"] = "恩戈尼語",
["ngp"] = "恩古盧語",
["ngq"] = "恩戈雷米語",
["ngr"] = "Nagu",
["ngs"] = "Gvoko",
["ngt"] = "Ngeq",
["ngu"] = "格雷羅納瓦特爾語",
["ngv"] = "納古米語",
["ngw"] = "恩瓜巴語",
["ngx"] = "Nggwahyi",
["ngy"] = "Tibea",
["ngz"] = "Ngungwel",
["nha"] = "Nhanda",
["nhb"] = "Beng",
["nhc"] = "塔巴斯科納瓦特爾語",
["nhd"] = "奇里帕語",
["nhe"] = "東瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
["nhf"] = "Nhuwala",
["nhg"] = "特萊爾辛戈納瓦特爾語",
["nhh"] = "Nahari",
["nhi"] = "扎卡特蘭-阿華卡特蘭-特佩欽特拉-納瓦特爾語",
["nhk"] = "科索萊阿克納瓦特爾語",
["nhm"] = "莫雷洛斯納瓦特爾語",
["nhn"] = "中納瓦特爾語",
["nho"] = "塔庫烏語",
["nhp"] = "帕哈潘納瓦特爾語",
["nhq"] = "瓦斯卡勒卡納瓦特爾語",
["nhr"] = "納羅語",
["nht"] = "奧梅特佩克納瓦特爾語",
["nhu"] = "努內語",
["nhv"] = "特馬斯卡爾特佩克納瓦特爾語",
["nhw"] = "西瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
["nhx"] = "梅卡亞潘納瓦特爾語",
["nhy"] = "北瓦哈卡納瓦特爾語",
["nhz"] = "聖瑪利亞山區納瓦特爾語",
["nia"] = "尼亞斯語",
["nib"] = "納卡梅語",
["nic-bco-pro"] = "原始貝努埃-剛果語",
["nic-bod-pro"] = "原始類班圖語",
["nic-eov-pro"] = "原始東奧蒂-沃爾特語",
["nic-gns-pro"] = "Proto-Gurunsi",
["nic-grf-pro"] = "原始草原語",
["nic-gur-pro"] = "Proto-Gur",
["nic-jkn-pro"] = "Proto-Jukunoid",
["nic-lcr-pro"] = "原始下克羅斯河語",
["nic-ogo-pro"] = "Proto-Ogoni",
["nic-ovo-pro"] = "原始奧蒂-沃爾特語",
["nic-plt-pro"] = "原始高原語",
["nic-pro"] = "原始尼日爾-剛果語",
["nic-ubg-pro"] = "Proto-Ubangian",
["nic-ucr-pro"] = "原始上克羅斯河語",
["nic-vco-pro"] = "原始沃爾特-剛果語",
["nid"] = "Ngandi",
["nie"] = "Niellim",
["nif"] = "Nek",
["nig"] = "Ngalakan",
["nih"] = "Nyiha",
["nii"] = "Nii",
["nij"] = "恩加朱語",
["nik"] = "南尼科巴語",
["nil"] = "尼拉語",
["nim"] = "尼蘭巴語",
["nin"] = "Ninzo",
["nio"] = "恩加納桑語",
["niq"] = "南迪語",
["nir"] = "Nimboran",
["nis"] = "尼米語",
["nit"] = "東南科拉米語",
["niu"] = "紐埃語",
["niv"] = "尼夫赫語",
["niw"] = "尼莫語",
["nix"] = "Hema",
["niy"] = "恩魯納語",
["niz"] = "寧吉爾語",
["nja"] = "恩贊伊語",
["njb"] = "Nocte Naga",
["njh"] = "Lotha Naga",
["nji"] = "Gudanji",
["njj"] = "Njen",
["njl"] = "Njalgulgule",
["njm"] = "安加米語",
["njn"] = "Liangmai Naga",
["njo-jgl"] = "瓊里奧語",
["njo-mng"] = "Mongsen Ao",
["njr"] = "Njerep",
["njs"] = "尼薩語",
["njt"] = "Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin",
["nju"] = "Ngadjunmaya",
["njx"] = "Kunyi",
["njy"] = "Njyem",
["njz"] = "尼西語",
["nka"] = "恩科亞語",
["nkb"] = "Khoibu Naga",
["nkc"] = "恩康霍語",
["nkd"] = "Koireng",
["nke"] = "Duke",
["nkf"] = "Inpui Naga",
["nkg"] = "Nekgini",
["nkh"] = "Khezha Naga",
["nki"] = "Thangal Naga",
["nkj"] = "納卡伊語",
["nkk"] = "諾庫庫語",
["nkm"] = "Namat",
["nkn"] = "Nkangala",
["nko"] = "恩康亞語",
["nkp"] = "紐阿托普塔普語",
["nkq"] = "恩卡米語",
["nkr"] = "努庫奧羅語",
["nks"] = "North Asmat",
["nkt"] = "Nyika",
["nku"] = "Bouna Kulango",
["nkw"] = "恩庫圖語",
["nkx"] = "恩科羅語",
["nkz"] = "恩卡里語",
["nl"] = "荷蘭語",
["nla"] = "Ngombale",
["nlc"] = "納爾卡語",
["nle"] = "東尼亞拉語",
["nlg"] = "恩格拉語",
["nli"] = "格蘭加里語",
["nlj"] = "Nyali",
["nlk"] = "尼尼亞亞利語",
["nll"] = "尼哈利語",
["nlm"] = "Mankiyali",
["nlo"] = "Ngul",
["nlq"] = "Lao Naga",
["nlu"] = "Nchumbulu",
["nlv"] = "奧里薩巴納瓦特爾語",
["nlw"] = "Walangama",
["nlx"] = "卡爾托語",
["nly"] = "尼亞馬爾語",
["nlz"] = "納勒戈語",
["nma"] = "馬拉姆那加語",
["nmb"] = "大納姆巴斯語",
["nmc"] = "恩加姆語",
["nmd"] = "恩杜穆語",
["nme"] = "米齊梅那加語",
["nmf"] = "唐庫爾-那加語",
["nmg"] = "夸西奧語",
["nmh"] = "Monsang Naga",
["nmi"] = "Nyam",
["nmj"] = "Ngombe (Central African Republic)",
["nmk"] = "Namakura",
["nml"] = "恩德姆利語",
["nmm"] = "馬南語",
["nmn"] = "宏語",
["nmo"] = "Moyon Naga",
["nmp"] = "尼曼布爾語",
["nmq"] = "Nambya",
["nmr"] = "Nimbari",
["nms"] = "Letemboi",
["nmt"] = "Namonuito",
["nmu"] = "東北邁杜語",
["nmv"] = "Ngamini",
["nmw"] = "Nimoa",
["nmx"] = "Nama",
["nmy"] = "納木依語",
["nmz"] = "Nawdm",
["nn"] = "新挪威語",
["nna"] = "Nyangumarta",
["nnb"] = "Nande",
["nnc"] = "Nancere",
["nnd"] = "West Ambae",
["nne"] = "Ngandyera",
["nnf"] = "Ngaing",
["nng"] = "Maring Naga",
["nnh"] = "恩甘澎語",
["nni"] = "North Nuaulu",
["nnj"] = "Nyangatom",
["nnk"] = "Nankina",
["nnl"] = "Northern Rengma Naga",
["nnm"] = "Namia",
["nnn"] = "Ngete",
["nnp"] = "Wancho",
["nnq"] = "恩金多語",
["nnr"] = "納倫加語",
["nnt"] = "南蒂科克語",
["nnu"] = "Dwang",
["nnv"] = "Nukunu",
["nnw"] = "南努尼語",
["nnx"] = "Ngong",
["nny"] = "Nyangga",
["nnz"] = "Nda'nda'",
["no"] = "挪威語",
["noa"] = "Woun Meu",
["noc"] = "Nuk",
["nod"] = "北部泰語",
["noe"] = "尼馬迪語",
["nof"] = "Nomane",
["nog"] = "諾蓋語",
["noh"] = "Nomu",
["noi"] = "Noiri",
["noj"] = "Nonuya",
["nok"] = "Nooksack",
["nol"] = "Nomlaki",
["non"] = "古諾爾斯語",
["nop"] = "努芒岡語",
["noq"] = "Ngongo",
["nos"] = "東尼蘇語",
["not"] = "Nomatsiguenga",
["nou"] = "Ewage-Notu",
["nov"] = "諾維亞語",
["now"] = "尼揚博語",
["noy"] = "Noy",
["noz"] = "Nayi",
["npa"] = "Nar Phu",
["npb"] = "Nupbikha",
["npg"] = "Ponyo",
["nph"] = "Phom",
["npl"] = "東南普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
["npn"] = "門卓波隆語",
["npo"] = "Pochuri Naga",
["nps"] = "Nipsan",
["npu"] = "Puimei Naga",
["npx"] = "Noipä",
["npy"] = "納普語",
["nqg"] = "Ede Nago",
["nqk"] = "Kura Ede Nago",
["nql"] = "Ngendelengo",
["nqm"] = "恩多姆語",
["nqn"] = "嫩語",
["nqo"] = "曼德文字",
["nqq"] = "Kyan-Karyaw Naga",
["nqy"] = "Akyaung Ari",
["nr"] = "南恩德貝勒語",
["nra"] = "Ngom",
["nrb"] = "Nara",
["nrc"] = "Noric",
["nre"] = "Southern Rengma Naga",
["nrf"] = "諾曼語",
["nrg"] = "Narango",
["nri"] = "Chokri Naga",
["nrk"] = "恩加拉語",
["nrl"] = "恩加魯馬語",
["nrm"] = "納洛姆語",
["nrn"] = "諾恩語",
["nrp"] = "北皮賽恩語",
["nrr"] = "諾拉語",
["nrt"] = "北卡拉普亞語",
["nru"] = "摩梭語",
["nrx"] = "Ngurmbur",
["nrz"] = "拉拉語(新幾內亞)",
["nsa"] = "Sangtam Naga",
["nsb"] = "下諾索布語",
["nsc"] = "恩希語",
["nsd"] = "南尼蘇語",
["nse"] = "Nsenga",
["nsf"] = "Northwestern Nisu",
["nsg"] = "Ngasa",
["nsh"] = "Ngoshie",
["nsi"] = "尼日利亞手語",
["nsk"] = "納斯卡皮語",
["nsl"] = "挪威手語",
["nsm"] = "Sema",
["nsn"] = "Nehan",
["nso"] = "北索托語",
["nsp"] = "尼泊爾手語",
["nsq"] = "北部山地米沃克語",
["nsr"] = "海事手語",
["nss"] = "納利語",
["nst"] = "唐薩語",
["nsu"] = "內格拉山區納瓦特爾語",
["nsw"] = "Navut",
["nsx"] = "Nsongo",
["nsy"] = "Nasal",
["nsz"] = "南邁杜語",
["ntd"] = "北帝東語",
["ntg"] = "Ngantangarra",
["nti"] = "Natioro",
["ntj"] = "恩加尼亞賈拉語",
["ntk"] = "伊科馬語",
["ntm"] = "納特尼語",
["nto"] = "Ntomba",
["ntp"] = "北特佩瓦語",
["ntr"] = "Delo",
["nts"] = "Natagaimas",
["ntu"] = "Natügu",
["ntw"] = "諾特威語",
["ntx"] = "索姆拉語",
["nty"] = "Mantsi",
["nua"] = "Yuanga",
["nub-har"] = "Haraza",
["nub-pro"] = "原始努比亞語",
["nuc"] = "努基尼語",
["nud"] = "恩加拉語",
["nue"] = "恩貢杜語",
["nuf"] = "怒蘇語",
["nug"] = "農加利語",
["nuh"] = "恩敦達語",
["nui"] = "Ngumbi",
["nuj"] = "尼奧勒語 (烏干達)",
["nuk"] = "努特卡語",
["nul"] = "Nusa Laut",
["num"] = "紐阿富語",
["nun"] = "Anong",
["nuo"] = "源語",
["nup"] = "努佩語",
["nuq"] = "努庫馬努語",
["nur"] = "努古里亞語",
["nus"] = "努埃爾語",
["nut"] = "儂語",
["nuu"] = "Ngbundu",
["nuv"] = "北努尼語",
["nuw"] = "Nguluwan",
["nux"] = "梅赫克語",
["nuy"] = "Nunggubuyu",
["nuz"] = "特拉馬卡薩帕納瓦特爾語",
["nv"] = "納瓦霍語",
["nvh"] = "Nasarian",
["nvm"] = "Namiae",
["nvo"] = "Nyokon",
["nwa"] = "Nawathinehena",
["nwb"] = "尼亞布瓦語",
["nwc"] = "古典尼瓦爾語",
["nwe"] = "恩圭語",
["nwg"] = "Ngaiawang",
["nwi"] = "西南坦納語",
["nwm"] = "Nyamusa-Molo",
["nwo"] = "瑙奧語",
["nwr"] = "納瓦魯語",
["nwx"] = "中古尼瓦爾語",
["nwy"] = "諾特威-梅赫林語",
["nxa"] = "Nauete",
["nxd"] = "Ngando (Congo)",
["nxe"] = "Nage",
["nxg"] = "Ngadha",
["nxi"] = "Nindi",
["nxl"] = "South Nuaulu",
["nxm"] = "努米底亞",
["nxn"] = "恩加旺語",
["nxo"] = "Ndambomo",
["nxq"] = "納西語",
["nxr"] = "Ninggerum",
["nxx"] = "Nafri",
["ny"] = "齊切瓦語",
["nyb"] = "Nyangbo",
["nyc"] = "Nyanga-li",
["nyd"] = "尼奧勒語 (肯尼亞)",
["nye"] = "尼延戈語",
["nyf"] = "Giryama",
["nyg"] = "Nyindu",
["nyh"] = "Nyigina",
["nyi"] = "Nyimang",
["nyj"] = "Nyanga (Congo)",
["nyk"] = "Nyaneka",
["nyl"] = "Nyeu",
["nym"] = "尼揚韋齊語",
["nyn"] = "尼揚科萊語",
["nyo"] = "尼奧羅語",
["nyp"] = "Nyang'i",
["nys"] = "尼揚加語",
["nyt"] = "Nyawaygi",
["nyu"] = "Nyungwe",
["nyv"] = "Nyulnyul",
["nyw"] = "僥語",
["nyx"] = "Nganyaywana",
["nyy"] = "尼亞庫薩語",
["nza"] = "梯貢-姆本貝語",
["nzb"] = "Njebi",
["nzd"] = "恩扎迪語",
["nzi"] = "尼茲馬語",
["nzk"] = "Nzakara",
["nzm"] = "Zeme Naga",
["nzs"] = "新西蘭手語",
["nzu"] = "Central Teke",
["nzy"] = "Nzakambay",
["nzz"] = "Nanga Dama Dogon",
["oaa"] = "鄂羅克語",
["oac"] = "奧羅奇語",
["oak"] = "Noakhali",
["oav"] = "古阿瓦爾語",
["obi"] = "奧比斯佩諾語",
["obk"] = "南邦托克語",
["obl"] = "奧布洛語",
["obm"] = "摩押語",
["obo"] = "歐波-馬諾博語",
["obr"] = "上古緬甸語",
["obt"] = "上古布列塔尼語",
["obu"] = "奧布洛姆語",
["oc"] = "奧克語",
["oca"] = "奧凱納語",
["och"] = "上古漢語",
["ocm"] = "Old Cham",
["oco"] = "上古康沃爾語",
["ocu"] = "Tlahuica",
["oda"] = "Odut",
["odk"] = "奧德語",
["odt"] = "古荷蘭語",
["odu"] = "奧杜阿勒語",
["ofo"] = "圖特洛語",
["ofs"] = "古弗里斯蘭語",
["ofu"] = "埃夫托普語",
["ogb"] = "Ogbia",
["ogc"] = "Ogbah",
["oge"] = "上古格魯吉亞語",
["ogg"] = "Ogbogolo",
["ogo"] = "卡那語",
["ogu"] = "奧格布羅怒貢語",
["ohu"] = "上古匈牙利語",
["oia"] = "奧拉塔語",
["oin"] = "伊內布-奧內語",
["oj"] = "奧吉布瓦語",
["ojb"] = "西北奧吉布瓦語",
["ojc"] = "中奧吉布瓦語",
["ojg"] = "東奧吉布瓦語",
["ojp"] = "上古日語",
["ojs"] = "塞文奧吉布瓦語",
["ojv"] = "翁通爪哇語",
["ojw"] = "西奧吉布瓦語",
["oka"] = "歐肯納根語",
["okb"] = "Okobo",
["okd"] = "歐科迪亞語",
["oke"] = "Okpe (Southwestern Edo)",
["okg"] = "Kok-Paponk",
["okh"] = "科雷斯埃羅斯塔姆語",
["oki"] = "奧凱克語",
["okj"] = "奧科-朱瓦伊語",
["okk"] = "夸姆廷-奧內語",
["okl"] = "古肯特手語",
["okm"] = "中古朝鮮語",
["okn"] = "沖永良部語",
["oko"] = "上古朝鮮語",
["okr"] = "基里克語",
["oks"] = "奧科-埃尼-奧薩因語",
["oku"] = "奧庫語",
["okv"] = "奧羅凱瓦語",
["okx"] = "Okpe (Northwestern Edo)",
["okz"] = "古高棉語",
["old"] = "莫其語",
["ole"] = "奧萊語",
["olm"] = "Oloma",
["olo"] = "利維卡累利阿語",
["olr"] = "奧爾拉特語",
["olt"] = "古立陶宛語",
["olu"] = "庫瓦勒語",
["om"] = "奧羅莫語",
["oma"] = "奧馬哈-龐卡語",
["omb"] = "Omba",
["omc"] = "莫奇卡語",
["omg"] = "奧馬瓜語",
["omi"] = "奧米語",
["omk"] = "奧莫克語",
["oml"] = "Ombo",
["omn"] = "米諾斯語",
["omo"] = "Utarmbung",
["omp"] = "上古曼尼普爾語",
["omq-cha-pro"] = "原始查蒂諾語",
["omq-maz-pro"] = "原始馬薩特克語",
["omq-mix-pro"] = "原始類米斯特克語",
["omq-mxt-pro"] = "原始米斯特克語",
["omq-otp-pro"] = "原始歐托-帕梅語",
["omq-pro"] = "原始歐托-曼格語",
["omq-sjq"] = "聖胡安基阿伊赫查蒂諾語",
["omq-tel"] = "特波斯科盧拉米斯特克語",
["omq-teo"] = "特奧霍姆爾科查蒂諾語",
["omq-tri-pro"] = "原始特里基語",
["omq-zap-pro"] = "原始類薩波特克語",
["omq-zpc-pro"] = "原始薩波特克語",
["omr"] = "上古馬拉地語",
["omt"] = "Omotik",
["omu"] = "奧姆拉諾語",
["omv-aro-pro"] = "原始阿里語",
["omv-diz-pro"] = "Proto-Dizoid",
["omv-pro"] = "原始奧摩語",
["omw"] = "南泰羅拉語",
["omx"] = "上古孟語",
["ona"] = "瑟爾科南語",
["onb"] = "臨高語",
["one"] = "歐內達語",
["ong"] = "歐樓語",
["oni"] = "Onin",
["onj"] = "Onjob",
["onk"] = "卡博勒-奧內語",
["onn"] = "奧諾巴蘇魯語",
["ono"] = "奧農達加語",
["onp"] = "Sartang",
["onr"] = "北奧內語",
["ons"] = "Ono",
["onu"] = "烏努阿語",
["onw"] = "上古努比亞語",
["onx"] = "Pidgin Onin",
["ood"] = "歐罕語",
["oog"] = "Ong",
["oon"] = "翁奇語",
["oor"] = "Oorlams",
["opa"] = "Okpamheri",
["opk"] = "Kopkaka",
["opm"] = "Oksapmin",
["opo"] = "Opao",
["opt"] = "Opata",
["opy"] = "歐伐耶語",
["or"] = "奧利亞語",
["ora"] = "Oroha",
["ore"] = "Orejón",
["org"] = "Oring",
["orh"] = "鄂倫春語",
["oro"] = "Orokolo",
["orr"] = "Oruma",
["ort"] = "阿迪瓦西奧利亞語",
["oru"] = "奧爾穆里語",
["orv"] = "古東斯拉夫語",
["orw"] = "奧羅-溫語",
["orx"] = "奧羅語",
["orz"] = "奧爾穆語",
["os"] = "奧塞梯語",
["osa"] = "奧沙格語",
["osc"] = "奧斯坎語",
["osi"] = "奧星語",
["osn"] = "古巽他語",
["oso"] = "奧索索語",
["osp"] = "中世紀西班牙語",
["ost"] = "Osatu",
["osu"] = "南奧內語",
["osx"] = "古撒克遜語",
["ota"] = "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
["otb"] = "中古藏語",
["otd"] = "奧圖大能語",
["ote"] = "梅斯基塔爾奧托米語",
["oti"] = "Oti",
["otk"] = "古突厥語",
["otl"] = "蒂拉帕奧托米語",
["otm"] = "東部高地奧托米語",
["otn"] = "特南戈奧托米語",
["oto-otm-pro"] = "原始奧托米語",
["oto-pro"] = "原始類奧托米語",
["otq"] = "克雷塔羅奧托米語",
["otr"] = "Otoro",
["ots"] = "墨西哥州奧托米語",
["ott"] = "特莫亞雅奧托米語",
["otu"] = "Otuke",
["otw"] = "渥太華語",
["otx"] = "特斯卡特佩克奧托米語",
["oty"] = "上古泰米爾語",
["otz"] = "伊斯坦科奧托米語",
["oub"] = "Glio-Oubi",
["oue"] = "Oune",
["oui"] = "古回鶻語",
["oum"] = "Ouma",
["ovd"] = "埃爾夫達利安語",
["owi"] = "Owiniga",
["owl"] = "古威爾士語",
["oyb"] = "Oy",
["oyd"] = "Oyda",
["oym"] = "外恩比語",
["oyy"] = "Oya'oya",
["ozm"] = "Koonzime",
["pa"] = "旁遮普語",
["paa-kmn"] = "Kómnzo",
["paa-kwn"] = "庫瓦尼語",
["paa-lei"] = "Leitre",
["paa-nha-pro"] = "原始北哈馬黑拉語",
["paa-nun"] = "農貢語",
["pab"] = "帕雷西語",
["pac"] = "帕戈語",
["pad"] = "巴烏馬利語",
["pae"] = "帕吉貝特語",
["paf"] = "帕拉納瓦特語",
["pag"] = "班詩蘭語",
["pah"] = "坦賀利姆語",
["pai"] = "帕語",
["pak"] = "帕拉卡納語",
["pal"] = "中古波斯語",
["pam"] = "卡片片甘語",
["pao"] = "北派伍特語",
["pap"] = "帕皮阿門托語",
["paq"] = "帕爾雅語",
["par"] = "帕納明特語",
["pas"] = "帕帕塞納語",
["pau"] = "帕勞語",
["pav"] = "瓦里語",
["paw"] = "波尼語",
["pax"] = "班加拉勒語",
["pay"] = "佩茨語",
["paz"] = "班加拉陸語",
["pbb"] = "Páez",
["pbc"] = "巴搭摩納語",
["pbe"] = "梅松特拉波波洛卡語",
["pbf"] = "科約特佩克波波洛卡語",
["pbg"] = "帕勞哈諾語",
["pbh"] = "帕納雷語",
["pbi"] = "Podoko",
["pbl"] = "Mak (Nigeria)",
["pbm"] = "普埃布拉馬薩特克語",
["pbn"] = "Kpasam",
["pbo"] = "Papel",
["pbp"] = "Badyara",
["pbr"] = "龐瓦語",
["pbs"] = "中帕梅語",
["pbv"] = "布那語",
["pby"] = "普尤語",
["pca"] = "聖伊內斯阿瓦特姆潘波波洛卡語",
["pcb"] = "比爾語",
["pcc"] = "布依語",
["pcd"] = "皮卡第語",
["pce"] = "布雷德昂語",
["pcf"] = "帕里揚語",
["pcg"] = "帕尼亞語",
["pch"] = "Pardhan",
["pci"] = "杜魯瓦語",
["pcj"] = "Parenga",
["pck"] = "Paite",
["pcl"] = "Pardhi",
["pcm"] = "尼日利亞皮欽語",
["pcn"] = "皮蒂語",
["pcp"] = "Pacahuara",
["pcw"] = "皮亞蓬語",
["pda"] = "Anam",
["pdc"] = "賓夕法尼亞德語",
["pdi"] = "Pa Di",
["pdn"] = "Fedan",
["pdo"] = "巴都艾語",
["pdt"] = "門諾低地德語",
["pdu"] = "卡延語",
["pea"] = "峇峇娘惹印尼語",
["peb"] = "東波莫語",
["ped"] = "Mala (New Guinea)",
["pee"] = "達捷語",
["pef"] = "東北波莫語",
["peg"] = "Pengo",
["peh"] = "保安語",
["pei"] = "奇奇梅克-喬納斯語",
["pej"] = "北波莫語",
["pek"] = "班查爾語",
["pel"] = "佩卡爾語",
["pem"] = "彭德語",
["peo"] = "古波斯語",
["pep"] = "昆嘉語",
["peq"] = "南波莫語",
["pev"] = "Pémono",
["pex"] = "佩塔茨語",
["pey"] = "佩喬語",
["pez"] = "東珀南語",
["pfa"] = "Pááfang",
["pfe"] = "Peere",
["pga"] = "朱巴阿拉伯語",
["pgd"] = "健馱邏語",
["pgg"] = "龐瓦利語",
["pgi"] = "帕吉語",
["pgk"] = "Rerep",
["pgl"] = "原始愛爾蘭語",
["pgn"] = "帕埃利尼語",
["pgs"] = "Pangseng",
["pgu"] = "帕古語",
["pgz"] = "巴布亞紐幾內亞手語",
["pha"] = "巴哼語",
["phd"] = "Phudagi",
["phg"] = "方語",
["phh"] = "夫卡語",
["phi-din"] = "Dinapigue Agta",
["phi-kal-pro"] = "原始卡拉棉語",
["phi-nag"] = "Nagtipunan Agta",
["phi-pro"] = "原始菲律賓語",
["phj"] = "Pahari Newari",
["phk"] = "帕克傣語",
["phl"] = "帕盧拉語",
["phm"] = "Phimbi",
["phn"] = "腓尼基語",
["pho"] = "普內語",
["phq"] = "帕那語",
["phr"] = "帕哈里-波特瓦里語",
["pht"] = "普泰語",
["phu"] = "Phuan",
["phv"] = "Pahlavani",
["phw"] = "Phangduwali",
["pi"] = "巴利語",
["pia"] = "皮馬巴霍語",
["pib"] = "皮洛語",
["pic"] = "平吉語",
["pid"] = "皮阿羅阿語",
["pie"] = "皮羅語",
["pif"] = "平格拉普語",
["pig"] = "皮薩博語",
["pih"] = "皮特凱恩語",
["pij"] = "Pijao",
["pil"] = "Yom",
["pim"] = "波瓦坦語",
["pin"] = "皮阿梅語",
["pio"] = "Piapoco",
["pip"] = "Pero",
["pir"] = "Piratapuyo",
["pis"] = "皮京語",
["pit"] = "皮塔-皮塔語",
["piu"] = "Pintupi-Luritja",
["piv"] = "皮勒尼語",
["piw"] = "平布韋語",
["pix"] = "皮烏語",
["piy"] = "Piya-Kwonci",
["piz"] = "Pije",
["pjt"] = "皮詹加加拉語",
["pkb"] = "基普福科莫語",
["pkc"] = "百濟語",
["pkg"] = "帕克-湯語",
["pkh"] = "旁庫語",
["pkn"] = "帕坎哈語",
["pko"] = "波科特語",
["pkp"] = "普卡普卡語",
["pkr"] = "阿塔帕迪庫龍巴語",
["pks"] = "巴基斯坦手語",
["pkt"] = "麻楞語",
["pku"] = "帕庫語",
["pl"] = "波蘭語",
["pla"] = "Miani",
["plb"] = "波洛農包克語",
["plc"] = "中巴拉望語",
["ple"] = "帕盧厄語",
["plg"] = "皮拉加語",
["plh"] = "保洛希語",
["plj"] = "波爾茨語",
["plk"] = "科希斯坦希納語",
["pll"] = "納盎德昂語",
["pln"] = "帕倫奎羅語",
["plo"] = "奧魯塔波波魯卡語",
["plq"] = "派拉語",
["plr"] = "帕拉卡-塞努富語",
["pls"] = "聖馬科斯特拉爾科亞爾科波波洛卡語",
["plu"] = "巴里庫爾語",
["plv"] = "西南巴拉望語",
["plw"] = "布魯克波因特巴拉望語",
["ply"] = "巴琉語",
["plz"] = "帕盧安語",
["pma"] = "帕馬語",
["pmb"] = "潘比亞語",
["pmd"] = "帕蘭甘米達恩語",
["pme"] = "Pwaamei",
["pmf"] = "帕莫納語",
["pmi"] = "北普米語",
["pmj"] = "南普米語",
["pmk"] = "帕姆利科語",
["pml"] = "沙比爾語",
["pmm"] = "波爾語",
["pmn"] = "帕姆語",
["pmo"] = "波姆語",
["pmq"] = "北帕梅語",
["pmr"] = "派納馬語",
["pms"] = "皮埃蒙特語",
["pmt"] = "土阿莫土語",
["pmw"] = "平原米沃克語",
["pmx"] = "Poumei Naga",
["pmy"] = "巴布亞馬來語",
["pmz"] = "南帕梅語",
["pna"] = "巴-標普南語",
["pnc"] = "潘內語",
["pnd"] = "姆平達語",
["pne"] = "西珀南語",
["png"] = "旁固語",
["pnh"] = "彭林語",
["pni"] = "奧亨語",
["pnj"] = "Pinjarup",
["pnk"] = "保納卡語",
["pnl"] = "帕萊尼語",
["pnm"] = "巴圖普南語",
["pnn"] = "Pinai-Hagahai",
["pno"] = "帕諾沃語",
["pnp"] = "潘查納語",
["pnq"] = "帕納語 (西非)",
["pnr"] = "帕尼姆語",
["pns"] = "波諾薩坎語",
["pnt"] = "旁狄希臘語",
["pnu"] = "炯奈語",
["pnv"] = "皮尼古拉語",
["pnw"] = "巴尼馬語",
["pnx"] = "克年語",
["pny"] = "平因語",
["pnz"] = "帕納語 (中非)",
["poc"] = "波科馬姆語",
["poe"] = "聖胡安阿欽戈波波洛卡語",
["pof"] = "Poke",
["pog"] = "波其瓜拉語",
["poh"] = "Poqomchi'",
["poi"] = "高地波波魯卡語",
["pok"] = "Pokangá",
["pom"] = "東南波莫語",
["pon"] = "波納佩語",
["poo"] = "中波莫語",
["pop"] = "普瓦普瓦語",
["poq"] = "特西斯特佩克波波魯卡語",
["pos"] = "薩約拉波波魯卡語",
["pot"] = "珀塔瓦托米語",
["pov"] = "幾內亞比紹克里奧爾語",
["pow"] = "聖費利佩奧特拉特佩克波波洛卡語",
["pox"] = "波拉布語",
["poy"] = "Pogolo",
["poz-abi"] = "阿拜語",
["poz-bal"] = "Baliledo",
["poz-btk-pro"] = "原始邦庫-多樂基語",
["poz-cet-pro"] = "原始中-東部馬來-波利尼西亞語",
["poz-hce-pro"] = "原始哈馬黑拉-鳥頭灣語",
["poz-lgx-pro"] = "原始楠榜語",
["poz-mcm-pro"] = "原始馬來-占語",
["poz-mic-pro"] = "原始密克羅尼西亞語",
["poz-mly-pro"] = "原始馬來語",
["poz-msa-pro"] = "原始馬來-松巴哇語",
["poz-nes"] = "Nese",
["poz-oce-pro"] = "原始大洋洲語",
["poz-pcc-pro"] = "Proto-Central Pacific",
["poz-pep-pro"] = "原始東部波利尼西亞語",
["poz-pnp-pro"] = "原始核心波利尼西亞語",
["poz-pol-pro"] = "原始波利尼西亞語",
["poz-pro"] = "原始馬來-波利尼西亞語",
["poz-sml"] = "砂拉越馬來語",
["poz-ssw-pro"] = "原始南蘇拉威西語",
["poz-swa-pro"] = "原始北沙撈越語",
["poz-ter"] = "登嘉樓馬來語",
["ppa"] = "Pao",
["ppe"] = "Papi",
["ppi"] = "帕伊帕伊語",
["ppk"] = "烏瑪語",
["ppl"] = "皮皮爾語",
["ppm"] = "帕波瑪語",
["ppn"] = "帕帕帕納語",
["ppo"] = "福洛巴語",
["ppq"] = "佩語",
["pps"] = "聖路易特馬拉卡約卡波波洛卡語",
["ppt"] = "帕語",
["ppu"] = "拍瀑拉語",
["pqa"] = "帕阿語",
["pqe-pro"] = "原始東部馬來-波利尼西亞語",
["pqm"] = "馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語",
["pra"] = "普拉克里特語",
["pra-niy"] = "尼亞普拉克里特語",
["prc"] = "帕拉奇語",
["pre"] = "普林西比語",
["prf"] = "巴拉南語",
["prg"] = "古普魯士語",
["prh"] = "波羅哈農語",
["pri"] = "Paicî",
["prk"] = "巴饒克語",
["prl"] = "秘魯手語",
["prm"] = "基比里語",
["prn"] = "瓦西瓦里語",
["pro"] = "古奧克語",
["prq"] = "佩勒內阿舍寧卡語",
["prr"] = "普里語",
["prt"] = "派語",
["pru"] = "普拉吉語",
["prw"] = "帕拉文語",
["prx"] = "普里克語",
["prz"] = "普羅維登西亞手語",
["ps"] = "普什圖語",
["psa"] = "阿蘇埃奧尤語",
["psc"] = "波斯手語",
["psd"] = "平原印第安手語",
["pse"] = "中馬來語",
["psg"] = "檳城手語",
["psh"] = "西南帕沙伊語",
["psi"] = "東南帕沙伊語",
["psl"] = "波多黎各手語",
["psm"] = "Pauserna",
["psn"] = "巴那宣語",
["pso"] = "波蘭手語",
["psp"] = "菲律賓手語",
["psq"] = "帕西語",
["psr"] = "葡萄牙手語",
["pss"] = "考龍語",
["psw"] = "Port Sandwich",
["psy"] = "皮斯卡特維語",
["pt"] = "葡萄牙語",
["pta"] = "Pai Tavytera",
["pth"] = "帕塔索語",
["pti"] = "Pintiini",
["ptn"] = "帕塔尼語",
["pto"] = "柔威語",
["ptp"] = "帕特普語",
["ptq"] = "帕塔普語",
["ptr"] = "皮阿馬次納語",
["ptt"] = "恩雷甘語",
["ptu"] = "班班語",
["ptv"] = "Port Vato",
["ptw"] = "彭特拉奇語",
["pty"] = "Pathiya",
["pua"] = "普雷佩查語",
["pub"] = "普倫語",
["puc"] = "梅拉普普南語",
["pud"] = "阿普特普南語",
["pue"] = "佩爾切語",
["puf"] = "梅拉赫普南語",
["pug"] = "普耶語",
["pui"] = "普伊納維語",
["puj"] = "圖布普南語",
["pum"] = "普瑪語",
["puo"] = "欣門語",
["pup"] = "普拉布語",
["puq"] = "Puquina",
["pur"] = "普魯沃拉語",
["put"] = "Putoh",
["puu"] = "普努語",
["puw"] = "Puluwat",
["pux"] = "普阿雷語",
["puy"] = "Purisimeño",
["pwa"] = "帕瓦亞語",
["pwb"] = "帕納瓦語",
["pwg"] = "加帕派瓦語",
["pwi"] = "帕德溫語",
["pwm"] = "莫爾伯語",
["pwn"] = "排灣語",
["pwo"] = "西波克倫語",
["pwr"] = "Powari",
["pww"] = "北波克倫語",
["pxm"] = "科扎爾特佩克米塞語",
["pye"] = "Pye Krumen",
["pym"] = "佩姆語",
["pyn"] = "波亞納瓦語",
["pys"] = "巴拉圭手語",
["pyu"] = "卑南語",
["pyx"] = "驃語",
["pyy"] = "片語",
["pzh"] = "巴宰語",
["pzn"] = "帕拉納加語",
["qfa-adm-pro"] = "原始大安達曼語",
["qfa-bet-pro"] = "原始貝台語",
["qfa-cka-pro"] = "原始楚科奇-堪察加語",
["qfa-hur-pro"] = "原始胡里安-烏拉爾圖語",
["qfa-kad-pro"] = "原始卡杜語",
["qfa-kms-pro"] = "原始侗水語",
["qfa-kor-pro"] = "原始朝鮮語",
["qfa-kra-pro"] = "原始仡佬語",
["qfa-lic-pro"] = "原始黎語",
["qfa-onb-pro"] = "原始貝語",
["qfa-ong-pro"] = "原始翁奇語",
["qfa-tak-pro"] = "原始侗台語",
["qfa-yen-pro"] = "原始葉尼塞語",
["qfa-yuk-pro"] = "原始尤卡吉爾語",
["qu"] = "克丘亞語",
["qua"] = "夸保語",
["quc"] = "基切語",
["qui"] = "奎魯特語",
["qum"] = "錫帕卡帕語",
["qun"] = "奎納特語",
["quq"] = "Quinqui",
["quv"] = "薩卡普爾泰克語",
["qvy"] = "卻域語",
["qwc"] = "古典克丘亞語",
["qwe-kch"] = "基奇瓦語",
["qwe-pro"] = "原始克丘亞語",
["qwm"] = "欽察語",
["qwt"] = "夸爾希奧誇-克拉茨卡尼語",
["qxs"] = "南羌語",
["qya"] = "昆雅語",
["qyp"] = "昆尼帕語",
["raa"] = "蕩格馬利語",
["rab"] = "坎陵語",
["rac"] = "拉薩瓦語",
["rad"] = "埃地語",
["raf"] = "西梅瓦杭語",
["rag"] = "洛戈利語",
["rah"] = "拉巴語",
["rai"] = "拉莫艾納語",
["rak"] = "博瓦伊語",
["ral"] = "Ralte",
["ram"] = "卡內拉語",
["ran"] = "Riantana",
["rao"] = "拉奧語",
["rap"] = "拉帕努伊語",
["raq"] = "薩姆語",
["rar"] = "拉羅湯加語",
["ras"] = "塔加利語",
["rat"] = "Razajerdi",
["rau"] = "拉烏特語",
["rav"] = "桑旁語",
["raw"] = "日旺語",
["rax"] = "Rang",
["ray"] = "拉帕語",
["raz"] = "拉罕布語",
["rbb"] = "若買德昂語",
["rbk"] = "北邦托克語",
["rbl"] = "米拉亞比科爾語",
["rcf"] = "留尼旺克里奧爾法語",
["rdb"] = "Rudbari",
["rea"] = "雷勞語",
["reb"] = "勒姆邦語",
["ree"] = "拉壤加央語",
["reg"] = "Kara (Tanzania)",
["rei"] = "Reli",
["rej"] = "勒姜語",
["rel"] = "倫迪勒語",
["rem"] = "雷莫語",
["ren"] = "盧敖語",
["rer"] = "Rer Bare",
["res"] = "雷舍語",
["ret"] = "雷塔語",
["rey"] = "雷亞薩諾語",
["rga"] = "羅里亞語",
["rge"] = "羅姆希臘語",
["rgk"] = "朗卡斯語",
["rgn"] = "羅馬涅語",
["rgr"] = "Resígaro",
["rgs"] = "南拉格萊語",
["rgu"] = "靈戈烏語",
["rhg"] = "羅興亞語",
["rhp"] = "雅杭語",
["ria"] = "梁語",
["rif"] = "里菲安語",
["ril"] = "日昂語",
["rim"] = "尼亞圖魯語",
["rin"] = "Nungu",
["rir"] = "瑞分語",
["rit"] = "Ritarungo",
["riu"] = "Riung",
["rjg"] = "Rajong",
["rji"] = "Raji",
["rjs"] = "拉傑班什語",
["rka"] = "克勞爾語",
["rkb"] = "里比薩語",
["rkh"] = "拉卡漢加-曼尼希基語",
["rki"] = "若開語",
["rkm"] = "馬爾卡語",
["rkt"] = "朗普里語",
["rkw"] = "阿拉瓜爾語",
["rm"] = "羅曼什語",
["rma"] = "拉瑪語",
["rmb"] = "Rembarunga",
["rmc"] = "喀爾巴阡羅姆語",
["rmd"] = "旅行者丹麥語",
["rme"] = "盎格魯羅姆語",
["rmf"] = "芬蘭羅姆語",
["rmg"] = "旅行者挪威語",
["rmh"] = "穆爾金語",
["rmi"] = "洛馬夫倫語",
["rmk"] = "隆昆語",
["rml"] = "波羅的羅姆語",
["rmm"] = "Roma",
["rmn"] = "巴爾幹羅姆語",
["rmo"] = "辛特羅姆語",
["rmp"] = "倫皮語",
["rmq"] = "伊比利吉普賽語",
["rms"] = "羅馬尼亞手語",
["rmt"] = "多姆語",
["rmu"] = "斯堪地羅姆語",
["rmv"] = "Romanova",
["rmw"] = "威爾士羅姆語",
["rmx"] = "勒曼語",
["rmy"] = "弗拉赫羅姆語",
["rmz"] = "馬爾馬語",
["rnd"] = "Ruwund",
["rng"] = "龍加語",
["rnl"] = "Ranglong",
["rnn"] = "Roon",
["rnp"] = "Rongpo",
["rnw"] = "龍瓦語",
["ro"] = "羅馬尼亞語",
["roa-ang"] = "安茹語",
["roa-bbn"] = "波旁-貝里語",
["roa-brg"] = "勃艮第語",
["roa-can"] = "坎塔布里亞語",
["roa-cha"] = "香檳語",
["roa-fcm"] = "弗朗什-孔泰語",
["roa-gal"] = "加羅語",
["roa-gib"] = "巴西利卡塔高盧-意大利語",
["roa-gis"] = "西西里高盧-意大利語",
["roa-leo"] = "萊昂語",
["roa-lor"] = "洛林語",
["roa-oca"] = "古加泰羅尼亞語",
["roa-ole"] = "古萊昂語",
["roa-ona"] = "納瓦拉-阿拉貢語",
["roa-opt"] = "古葡萄牙語",
["roa-orl"] = "奧爾良語",
["roa-poi"] = "普瓦圖-桑通日語",
["roa-tar"] = "塔倫蒂諾語",
["rob"] = "塔埃語",
["roc"] = "各加拉格萊語",
["rod"] = "Rogo",
["roe"] = "龍基語",
["rof"] = "蘭博語",
["rog"] = "北拉格萊語",
["rol"] = "朗布隆語",
["rom"] = "羅姆語",
["roo"] = "羅托卡特語",
["rop"] = "澳洲克里奧爾語",
["ror"] = "Rongga",
["rou"] = "Runga",
["row"] = "德拉-烏納萊語",
["rpn"] = "Repanbitip",
["rpt"] = "拉普廷語",
["rri"] = "里里奧語",
["rrm"] = "莫里奧里語",
["rro"] = "Roro",
["rrt"] = "Arritinngithigh",
["rsb"] = "羅姆語-塞爾維亞語",
["rsk"] = "潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語",
["rsl"] = "俄羅斯手語",
["rsm"] = "Miriwoong Sign Language",
["rsn"] = "盧安達手語",
["rtc"] = "Rungtu",
["rth"] = "拉塔罕語",
["rtm"] = "羅圖馬語",
["rtw"] = "Rathawi",
["ru"] = "俄語",
["rub"] = "貢古語",
["ruc"] = "魯烏利語",
["rue"] = "盧森尼亞語",
["ruf"] = "Luguru",
["rug"] = "羅維阿納語",
["ruh"] = "Ruga",
["rui"] = "魯菲吉語",
["ruk"] = "Che",
["ruo"] = "伊斯特羅-羅馬尼亞語",
["rup"] = "阿羅馬尼亞語",
["ruq"] = "梅戈來諾-羅馬尼亞語",
["rut"] = "魯圖爾語",
["ruu"] = "Lanas Lobu",
["ruy"] = "Mala (Nigeria)",
["ruz"] = "Ruma",
["rw"] = "盧旺達語",
["rwa"] = "拉沃語",
["rwk"] = "羅瓦語",
["rwm"] = "Amba",
["rwo"] = "拉瓦語",
["rxd"] = "Ngardi",
["rxw"] = "Karuwali",
["ryn"] = "北奄美大島語",
["rys"] = "八重山語",
["ryu"] = "沖繩語",
["rzh"] = "拉齊希語",
["sa"] = "梵語",
["saa"] = "薩巴語",
["sab"] = "布格勒熱語",
["sac"] = "福克斯語",
["sad"] = "桑達韋語",
["sae"] = "Sabanê",
["saf"] = "薩法利巴語",
["sah"] = "雅庫特語",
["sai-all"] = "Allentiac",
["sai-and"] = "Andoquero",
["sai-ayo"] = "Ayomán",
["sai-bae"] = "Baenan",
["sai-bag"] = "Bagua",
["sai-bet"] = "貝托伊語",
["sai-bor-pro"] = "原始博拉語",
["sai-cac"] = "Cacán",
["sai-caq"] = "Caranqui",
["sai-car-pro"] = "原始加勒比語",
["sai-cat"] = "卡塔考語",
["sai-cer-pro"] = "原始塞拉多語",
["sai-chi"] = "奇里諾語",
["sai-chn"] = "Chaná",
["sai-chp"] = "查帕庫拉語",
["sai-chr"] = "查魯阿語",
["sai-chu"] = "丘魯亞語",
["sai-cje-pro"] = "原始中熱語",
["sai-cmg"] = "Comechingon",
["sai-cno"] = "Chono",
["sai-cnr"] = "Cañari",
["sai-coe"] = "Coeruna",
["sai-col"] = "Colán",
["sai-cop"] = "Copallén",
["sai-crd"] = "Coroado Puri",
["sai-ctq"] = "Catuquinaru",
["sai-cul"] = "Culli",
["sai-cva"] = "Cueva",
["sai-esm"] = "埃斯梅拉爾達語",
["sai-ewa"] = "Ewarhuyana",
["sai-gam"] = "Gamela",
["sai-gay"] = "Gayón",
["sai-gmo"] = "Guamo",
["sai-gua"] = "Guachí",
["sai-gue"] = "古埃諾阿語",
["sai-hau"] = "Haush",
["sai-jee-pro"] = "原始熱語",
["sai-jko"] = "熱科語",
["sai-jrj"] = "希拉希拉語",
["sai-kat"] = "Katembri",
["sai-krp"] = "Karipuna (Panoan)",
["sai-mal"] = "馬拉利語",
["sai-mar"] = "馬拉蒂諾語",
["sai-mat"] = "馬塔納維語",
["sai-mcn"] = "莫卡納語",
["sai-men"] = "Menien",
["sai-mil"] = "Millcayac",
["sai-mlb"] = "馬利布語",
["sai-msk"] = "Masakará",
["sai-muc"] = "Mucuchí",
["sai-mue"] = "Muellama",
["sai-muz"] = "Muzo",
["sai-mys"] = "Maynas",
["sai-nat"] = "Natú",
["sai-nje-pro"] = "原始北熱語",
["sai-opo"] = "Opón",
["sai-oto"] = "奧托馬科語",
["sai-pal"] = "Palta",
["sai-pam"] = "Pamigua",
["sai-par"] = "Paratió",
["sai-peb"] = "Peba",
["sai-pnz"] = "Panzaleo",
["sai-prh"] = "Puruhá",
["sai-ptg"] = "Patagón",
["sai-ptx"] = "Pataxó",
["sai-pur"] = "Purukotó",
["sai-pyg"] = "Payaguá",
["sai-pyk"] = "比克比杰語",
["sai-qmb"] = "Quimbaya",
["sai-qtm"] = "奎特莫語",
["sai-rab"] = "拉博納語",
["sai-ram"] = "拉馬諾斯語",
["sai-sac"] = "Sácata",
["sai-san"] = "Sanaviron",
["sai-sap"] = "薩帕拉語",
["sai-sec"] = "塞楚拉語",
["sai-sin"] = "西努法納語",
["sai-sje-pro"] = "原始南熱語",
["sai-tab"] = "塔班卡萊語",
["sai-tal"] = "塔良語",
["sai-tap"] = "塔帕尤納語",
["sai-tar-pro"] = "Proto-Taranoan",
["sai-teu"] = "Teushen",
["sai-tim"] = "蒂莫特語",
["sai-tpr"] = "塔帕里塔語",
["sai-trr"] = "Tarairiú",
["sai-wai"] = "Waitaká",
["sai-way"] = "Wayumará",
["sai-wit-pro"] = "Proto-Witotoan",
["sai-wnm"] = "瓦尼亞姆語",
["sai-xoc"] = "Xocó",
["sai-yao"] = "Yao (South America)",
["sai-yar"] = "亞魯馬語",
["sai-yri"] = "尤里語",
["sai-yup"] = "尤普阿語",
["sai-yur"] = "尤魯曼圭語",
["saj"] = "薩胡語",
["sak"] = "薩克語",
["sal-pro"] = "原始薩利希語",
["sam"] = "撒馬利亞亞拉姆語",
["sao"] = "薩烏塞語",
["saq"] = "薩布魯語",
["sar"] = "Saraveca",
["sas"] = "薩薩克語",
["sat"] = "桑塔利語",
["sau"] = "薩萊曼語",
["sav"] = "薩菲薩菲語",
["saw"] = "薩維語",
["sax"] = "薩語",
["say"] = "沙雅語",
["saz"] = "索拉什特拉語",
["sba"] = "甘拜語",
["sbb"] = "辛博語",
["sbc"] = "克勒語",
["sbd"] = "Southern Samo",
["sbe"] = "Saliba (New Guinea)",
["sbf"] = "薩波語",
["sbg"] = "塞格特語",
["sbh"] = "索里-哈林甘語",
["sbi"] = "塞提語",
["sbj"] = "蘇巴庫爾語",
["sbk"] = "薩夫瓦語",
["sbl"] = "波多蘭三描語",
["sbm"] = "薩加拉語",
["sbn"] = "信德比爾語",
["sbo"] = "Sabüm",
["sbp"] = "桑古語",
["sbq"] = "Sileibi",
["sbr"] = "森巴孔穆魯特語",
["sbs"] = "蘇比亞語",
["sbt"] = "金基語",
["sbu"] = "Stod Bhoti",
["sbv"] = "薩比尼語",
["sbw"] = "Simba",
["sbx"] = "塞貝魯昂語",
["sby"] = "Soli",
["sbz"] = "Sara Kaba",
["sc"] = "撒丁語",
["scb"] = "哲語",
["sce"] = "東鄉語",
["scf"] = "聖米格爾克里奧爾法語",
["scg"] = "上侯語",
["sch"] = "薩卡車普語",
["sci"] = "斯里蘭卡克里奧爾馬來語",
["sck"] = "薩達里語",
["scl"] = "希納語",
["scn"] = "西西里語",
["sco"] = "低地蘇格蘭語",
["scp"] = "約爾莫語",
["scq"] = "Sa'och",
["scs"] = "北斯拉維語",
["scu"] = "松楚語",
["scv"] = "Sheni",
["scw"] = "Sha",
["scx"] = "西庫爾語",
["scz"] = "設德蘭語",
["sd"] = "信德語",
["sda"] = "托拉查-薩達語",
["sdb"] = "沙巴克語",
["sdc"] = "薩薩里語",
["sde"] = "蘇魯布語",
["sdf"] = "薩爾里語",
["sdg"] = "沙維語",
["sdh"] = "南庫爾德語",
["sdj"] = "Suundi",
["sdk"] = "索斯昆蒂語",
["sdl"] = "沙烏地阿拉伯手語",
["sdm"] = "塞曼當語",
["sdn"] = "加盧拉語",
["sdo"] = "布卡-三東-比達友語",
["sdp"] = "舍朱奔語",
["sdr"] = "奧拉昂薩達里語",
["sds"] = "突尼西亞柏柏爾語",
["sdu"] = "薩魯杜語",
["sdv-daj-pro"] = "Proto-Daju",
["sdv-eje-pro"] = "Proto-Eastern Jebel",
["sdv-nil-pro"] = "原始尼羅語",
["sdv-nyi-pro"] = "Proto-Nyima",
["sdv-tmn-pro"] = "Proto-Taman",
["sdx"] = "Sibu Melanau",
["se"] = "北薩米語",
["sea"] = "塞邁語",
["sec"] = "塞切爾特語",
["sed"] = "色當語",
["see"] = "塞訥卡語",
["sef"] = "切巴拉塞諾福語",
["seg"] = "Segeju",
["seh"] = "賽納語",
["sei"] = "瑟里語",
["sej"] = "瑟內語",
["sek"] = "塞卡尼語",
["sel-nor"] = "北塞爾庫普語",
["sel-pro"] = "原始塞爾庫普語",
["sel-sou"] = "南塞爾庫普語",
["sem-amm"] = "亞捫語",
["sem-amo"] = "亞摩利語",
["sem-cha"] = "Chaha",
["sem-dad"] = "Dadanitic",
["sem-dum"] = "Dumaitic",
["sem-has"] = "Hasaitic",
["sem-his"] = "Hismaic",
["sem-mhr"] = "Muher",
["sem-pro"] = "原始閃米特語",
["sem-saf"] = "Safaitic",
["sem-sam"] = "Samalian",
["sem-srb"] = "古南阿拉伯語",
["sem-tay"] = "泰馬語",
["sem-tha"] = "賽莫德語",
["sem-wes-pro"] = "原始西閃米特語",
["sen"] = "Nanerigé Sénoufo",
["seo"] = "Suarmin",
["sep"] = "Sìcìté Sénoufo",
["seq"] = "Senara Sénoufo",
["ser"] = "塞拉諾語",
["ses"] = "東桑海語",
["set"] = "森塔尼語",
["seu"] = "Serui-Laut",
["sev"] = "Nyarafolo Senoufo",
["sew"] = "Sewa Bay",
["sey"] = "塞科雅語",
["sez"] = "Senthang Chin",
["sfb"] = "法國比利時手語",
["sfe"] = "Eastern Subanun",
["sfm"] = "小花苗語",
["sfs"] = "南非手語",
["sfw"] = "舍赫維語",
["sg"] = "桑戈語",
["sga"] = "古愛爾蘭語",
["sgb"] = "麥安契埃塔語",
["sgc"] = "基普西吉語",
["sgd"] = "蘇里高農語",
["sge"] = "色蓋語",
["sgg"] = "瑞士德語手語",
["sgh"] = "舒格南語",
["sgi"] = "蘇加語",
["sgk"] = "桑孔語",
["sgm"] = "Singa",
["sgp"] = "辛頗語",
["sgr"] = "桑加薩爾語",
["sgs"] = "薩莫吉提亞語",
["sgt"] = "布羅克帕克語",
["sgu"] = "Salas",
["sgw"] = "塞巴特貝特語",
["sgx"] = "塞拉利昂手語",
["sgy"] = "桑格萊奇語",
["sgz"] = "蘇爾蘇隆嘉語",
["sh"] = "塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語",
["sha"] = "Shall-Zwall",
["shb"] = "尼納姆語",
["shc"] = "Sonde",
["shd"] = "昆達爾-沙希語",
["she"] = "謝科語",
["shg"] = "舒亞語",
["shh"] = "休休尼語",
["shi"] = "施盧赫語",
["shj"] = "沙特語",
["shk"] = "什魯克語",
["shm"] = "沙赫魯迪語",
["shn"] = "撣語",
["sho"] = "尚加語",
["shp"] = "希皮博-科尼博語",
["shq"] = "Sala",
["shr"] = "施語",
["shs"] = "舒什瓦普語",
["sht"] = "沙斯塔語",
["shu"] = "乍得阿拉伯語",
["shv"] = "山地語",
["shw"] = "希瓦伊語",
["shx"] = "畲語",
["shy"] = "塔查維特語",
["shz"] = "Syenara Senoufo",
["si"] = "僧加羅語",
["sia"] = "阿卡拉薩米語",
["sib"] = "塞波普語",
["sid"] = "希達摩語",
["sie"] = "西馬語",
["sif"] = "斯亞穆語",
["sig"] = "帕薩勒語",
["sih"] = "Zire",
["sii"] = "Shom Peng",
["sij"] = "農巴米語",
["sik"] = "Sikiana",
["sil"] = "圖穆隆錫薩拉語",
["sim"] = "Seim",
["sio-pro"] = "原始蘇語",
["sip"] = "錫金語",
["siq"] = "Sonia",
["sir"] = "斯里語",
["sis"] = "西烏斯勞語",
["sit-aao-pro"] = "原始中那加語",
["sit-bai-pro"] = "原始白語",
["sit-ban"] = "崩如語",
["sit-bdi-pro"] = "原始藏語",
["sit-bok"] = "博嘎爾語",
["sit-cai"] = "蔡家話",
["sit-cha"] = "Chairel",
["sit-ers-pro"] = "原始爾蘇語",
["sit-hrs-pro"] = "原始魯蘇語",
["sit-jap"] = "茶堡話",
["sit-kha-pro"] = "原始卡姆語",
["sit-khb-pro"] = "原始舍朱奔語",
["sit-khp-pro"] = "原始蘇龍語",
["sit-khw-pro"] = "原始西舍朱奔語",
["sit-kon-pro"] = "原始北那加語",
["sit-liz"] = "栗蘇語",
["sit-lnj"] = "龍家語",
["sit-lrn"] = "盧人語",
["sit-luu-pro"] = "原始盧伊語",
["sit-nas-pro"] = "原始納西語",
["sit-prn"] = "Puiron",
["sit-pro"] = "原始漢藏語",
["sit-sit"] = "四土話",
["sit-tam-pro"] = "原始達芒語",
["sit-tan-pro"] = "原始達尼語",
["sit-tgm"] = "唐阿姆語",
["sit-tng-pro"] = "原始唐窟語",
["sit-tos"] = "多續語",
["sit-tsh"] = "草登話",
["sit-zbu"] = "日部話",
["siu"] = "西那更語",
["siv"] = "Sumariup",
["siw"] = "西懷語",
["six"] = "蘇毛語",
["siy"] = "斯凡迪語",
["siz"] = "西威語",
["sja"] = "埃佩納語",
["sjb"] = "Sajau Basap",
["sjc"] = "邵將語",
["sjd"] = "基爾丁薩米語",
["sje"] = "皮特薩米語",
["sjg"] = "阿桑戈利語",
["sjk"] = "凱米薩米語",
["sjl"] = "米吉語",
["sjm"] = "馬蓬語",
["sjn"] = "辛達林語",
["sjo"] = "錫伯語",
["sjp"] = "蘇爾賈普里語",
["sjr"] = "Siar-Lak",
["sjs"] = "森哈加語",
["sjt"] = "特爾薩米語",
["sju"] = "于默薩米語",
["sjw"] = "肖尼語",
["sk"] = "斯洛伐克語",
["skb"] = "石語",
["skc"] = "馬曼達語",
["skd"] = "南部山地米沃克語",
["ske"] = "斯凱語",
["skf"] = "撒古拉比阿特語",
["skh"] = "西庫萊語",
["ski"] = "西卡語",
["skj"] = "塞克語",
["skk"] = "索克語",
["skm"] = "薩卡姆語",
["skn"] = "哥里布安-蘇巴農語",
["sko"] = "西谷-德雅語",
["skp"] = "塞卡潘語",
["skq"] = "西寧科勒語",
["skr"] = "沙拉基語",
["sks"] = "馬伊亞語",
["skt"] = "薩卡塔語",
["sku"] = "薩考語",
["skv"] = "斯庫語",
["skw"] = "斯克皮克里奧爾荷蘭語",
["skx"] = "西谷-巴當語",
["sky"] = "西卡亞納語",
["skz"] = "塞卡爾語",
["sl"] = "斯洛文尼亞語",
["sla-pro"] = "原始斯拉夫語",
["slc"] = "Saliba (Colombia)",
["sld"] = "西薩拉語",
["sle"] = "紹拉加語",
["slf"] = "瑞士意大利語手語",
["slg"] = "Selungai Murut",
["slj"] = "Salumá",
["sll"] = "薩爾特-尤伊語",
["slm"] = "潘古塔蘭薩馬語",
["sln"] = "Salinan",
["slp"] = "拉馬霍洛特語",
["slr"] = "撒拉語",
["sls"] = "新加坡手語",
["slt"] = "西拉語 (漢藏語系)",
["slu"] = "塞拉魯語",
["slw"] = "西亞隆語",
["slx"] = "Salampasu",
["sly"] = "塞拉亞語",
["slz"] = "馬亞語",
["sm"] = "薩摩亞語",
["sma"] = "南薩米語",
["smb"] = "辛巴里語",
["smc"] = "索姆語",
["smd"] = "薩馬語",
["smf"] = "Auwe",
["smg"] = "Simbali",
["smh"] = "撒梅語",
["smi-pro"] = "原始薩米語",
["smj"] = "呂勒薩米語",
["smk"] = "博利瑙語",
["sml"] = "中薩馬語",
["smm"] = "穆薩薩語",
["smn"] = "伊納里薩米語",
["smp"] = "撒馬利亞希伯來語",
["smq"] = "薩莫語",
["smr"] = "錫默盧語",
["sms"] = "斯科爾特薩米語",
["smt"] = "辛特語",
["smu"] = "松萊語",
["smv"] = "桑維蒂語",
["smw"] = "松巴哇語",
["smx"] = "桑巴語",
["smy"] = "森南尼語",
["smz"] = "西梅庫語",
["sn"] = "修納語",
["snb"] = "塞布堯語",
["snc"] = "西瑙高羅語",
["sne"] = "查格依語",
["snf"] = "努恩語",
["sng"] = "桑加語 (剛果)",
["sni"] = "森斯語",
["snj"] = "Riverain Sango",
["snk"] = "索尼基語",
["snl"] = "桑基勒語",
["snm"] = "南馬迪語",
["snn"] = "西奧納語",
["snp"] = "西亞內語",
["snq"] = "Sangu (Gabon)",
["snr"] = "Sihan",
["sns"] = "納哈瓦克語",
["snu"] = "Senggi",
["snv"] = "Sa'ban",
["snw"] = "塞勒厄語",
["snx"] = "薩姆語",
["sny"] = "薩尼約-希耶維語",
["snz"] = "科烏語",
["so"] = "索馬里語",
["soa"] = "宋傣語",
["sob"] = "索貝語",
["soc"] = "索科語",
["sod"] = "Songoora",
["soe"] = "亨多語",
["sog"] = "粟特語",
["soh"] = "Aka (Sudan)",
["soi"] = "Sonha",
["sok"] = "索科羅語",
["sol"] = "索洛斯語",
["son-pro"] = "原始桑海語",
["soo"] = "恩松語",
["sop"] = "松格語",
["soq"] = "卡納西語",
["sor"] = "松賴語",
["sos"] = "Seenku",
["sou"] = "南部泰語",
["sov"] = "松索羅爾語",
["sow"] = "索萬達語",
["sox"] = "索語",
["soy"] = "米約貝語",
["soz"] = "特米語",
["spb"] = "Sepa (Indonesia)",
["spc"] = "薩佩語",
["spd"] = "薩埃普語",
["spe"] = "Sepa (New Guinea)",
["spg"] = "Sian",
["spi"] = "薩波尼語",
["spk"] = "Sengo",
["spl"] = "塞萊佩特語",
["spm"] = "Sepen",
["spn"] = "薩納帕納語",
["spo"] = "斯波坎語",
["spp"] = "蘇皮爾語",
["spr"] = "薩帕魯亞語",
["sps"] = "薩波薩語",
["spt"] = "Spiti Bhoti",
["spu"] = "薩普安語",
["spv"] = "桑巴爾普里語",
["spx"] = "南皮賽恩語",
["spy"] = "薩鮑特語",
["sq"] = "阿爾巴尼亞語",
["sqa"] = "沙馬-桑布加語",
["sqh"] = "Shau",
["sqj-pro"] = "原始阿爾巴尼亞語",
["sqk"] = "阿爾巴尼亞手語",
["sqm"] = "Suma",
["sqn"] = "薩斯昆漢諾克語",
["sqo"] = "索爾赫伊語",
["sqq"] = "Sou",
["sqr"] = "西庫爾阿拉伯語",
["sqs"] = "斯里蘭卡手語",
["sqt"] = "索科特拉語",
["squ"] = "斯闊米什語",
["sra"] = "薩魯加語",
["srb"] = "索拉語",
["sre"] = "薩拉語",
["srf"] = "納菲語",
["srg"] = "蘇洛德語",
["srh"] = "色勒庫爾語",
["sri"] = "西里亞諾語",
["srk"] = "Serudung Murut",
["srl"] = "伊斯拉瓦語",
["srm"] = "薩拉馬卡語",
["srn"] = "蘇里南湯加語",
["srq"] = "西里奧諾語",
["srr"] = "塞雷爾語",
["srs"] = "薩西語",
["srt"] = "邵里語",
["sru"] = "Suruí",
["srv"] = "瓦瑞索索貢語",
["srw"] = "塞魯亞語",
["srx"] = "西爾毛里語",
["sry"] = "錫拉語",
["srz"] = "沙赫米爾扎迪語",
["ss"] = "史瓦濟語",
["ssa-klk-pro"] = "原始庫利亞克語",
["ssa-kom-pro"] = "Proto-Koman",
["ssa-pro"] = "原始尼羅-撒哈拉語",
["ssb"] = "南薩馬語",
["ssc"] = "辛比蒂-蘇巴語",
["ssd"] = "西羅伊語",
["sse"] = "Balangingi",
["ssf"] = "邵語",
["ssg"] = "塞馬特語",
["ssh"] = "希赫阿拉伯語",
["ssi"] = "桑斯語",
["ssj"] = "紹西語",
["ssk"] = "蘇納姆語",
["ssl"] = "西錫薩拉語",
["ssm"] = "森南語",
["sso"] = "西薩諾語",
["ssp"] = "西班牙手語",
["ssq"] = "索阿語",
["ssr"] = "瑞士法國手語",
["sss"] = "Sô",
["sst"] = "西納西納語",
["ssu"] = "蘇蘇阿米語",
["ssv"] = "Shark Bay",
["ssx"] = "桑貝里吉語",
["ssy"] = "薩霍語",
["ssz"] = "森勝語",
["st"] = "塞索托語",
["stb"] = "北蘇巴農語",
["std"] = "桑提內爾語",
["ste"] = "利亞納-塞蒂語",
["stf"] = "塞塔語",
["stg"] = "特林語",
["sth"] = "雪爾塔語",
["sti"] = "布羅斯丁語",
["stj"] = "Matya Samo",
["stk"] = "阿拉姆巴語",
["stm"] = "塞塔曼語",
["stn"] = "沃瓦語",
["sto"] = "斯托尼語",
["stp"] = "東南特佩瓦語",
["stq"] = "薩特弗里斯蘭語",
["str"] = "薩尼奇語",
["sts"] = "舒馬斯梯語",
["stt"] = "布德斯丁語",
["stu"] = "阿爾佤語",
["stv"] = "Silt'e",
["stw"] = "薩塔瓦爾語",
["sty"] = "西伯利亞韃靼語",
["su"] = "巽他語",
["sua"] = "蘇爾卡語",
["sub"] = "蘇庫語",
["suc"] = "西蘇巴農語",
["sue"] = "蘇埃納語",
["sug"] = "蘇甘加語",
["sui"] = "蘇基語",
["suk"] = "蘇庫馬語",
["suo"] = "Bouni",
["suq"] = "蘇里語",
["sur"] = "姆瓦格烏爾語",
["sus"] = "蘇蘇語",
["sut"] = "Subtiaba",
["suv"] = "蘇龍語",
["suw"] = "松布瓦語",
["sux"] = "蘇美爾語",
["suy"] = "蘇亞語",
["suz"] = "松瓦爾語",
["sv"] = "瑞典語",
["sva"] = "斯凡語",
["svb"] = "烏勞-蘇因語",
["svc"] = "聖文森克里奧爾語",
["sve"] = "塞利里語",
["svk"] = "斯洛伐克手語",
["svm"] = "斯拉夫莫利塞語",
["svs"] = "薩沃薩沃語",
["svx"] = "斯卡洛維亞語",
["sw"] = "斯瓦希里語",
["swb"] = "馬約特科摩羅語",
["swf"] = "塞雷語",
["swg"] = "施瓦本語",
["swi"] = "水語",
["swj"] = "西拉語 (班圖語支)",
["swl"] = "瑞典手語",
["swm"] = "薩莫薩語",
["swn"] = "索克納語",
["swo"] = "沙嫩納瓦語",
["swp"] = "蘇奧語",
["swq"] = "Sharwa",
["swr"] = "Saweru",
["sws"] = "塞魯瓦散語",
["swt"] = "沙維拉語",
["swu"] = "蘇瓦瓦語",
["sww"] = "索瓦語",
["swx"] = "Suruahá",
["swy"] = "薩盧亞語",
["sxb"] = "蘇巴語",
["sxc"] = "Sicanian",
["sxe"] = "西古語",
["sxg"] = "史興語",
["sxk"] = "南卡拉普亞語",
["sxl"] = "瑟羅尼亞語",
["sxm"] = "桑雷語",
["sxn"] = "桑格語",
["sxo"] = "Sorothaptic",
["sxr"] = "拉阿魯哇語",
["sxs"] = "薩薩魯語",
["sxw"] = "薩赫威格貝語",
["sya"] = "Siang",
["syb"] = "中蘇巴農語",
["syc"] = "古典敘利亞語",
["syd-pro"] = "原始薩莫耶德語",
["syi"] = "塞基語",
["syk"] = "蘇庫爾語",
["syl"] = "錫爾赫特語",
["sym"] = "Maya Samo",
["syn"] = "塞納亞語",
["syo"] = "索伊語",
["sys"] = "辛雅爾語",
["syw"] = "卡加特語",
["syx"] = "奧薩馬伊語",
["syy"] = "阿爾-賽義德貝都因手語",
["sza"] = "塞美來語",
["szb"] = "Ngalum",
["szc"] = "Semaq Beri",
["szd"] = "塞魯語",
["sze"] = "舍澤語",
["szg"] = "森格勒語",
["szl"] = "西里西亞語",
["szn"] = "蘇拉語",
["szp"] = "蘇阿博語",
["szs"] = "所羅門群島手語",
["szv"] = "伊蘇布語",
["szw"] = "薩瓦伊語",
["szy"] = "撒奇萊雅語",
["ta"] = "泰米爾語",
["taa"] = "下塔納納語",
["tab"] = "塔巴薩蘭語",
["tac"] = "低地塔拉烏馬拉語",
["tad"] = "陶塞語",
["tae"] = "塔里阿納語",
["taf"] = "塔比拉貝語",
["tag"] = "塔戈伊語",
["tai-pro"] = "原始台語",
["tai-swe-pro"] = "原始西南台語",
["taj"] = "東達芒語",
["tak"] = "塔拉語",
["tal"] = "塔爾語",
["tan"] = "坦加勒語",
["tao"] = "達悟語",
["tap"] = "塔布瓦語",
["tar"] = "中塔拉烏馬拉語",
["tas"] = "Tây Bồi",
["tau"] = "Upper Tanana",
["tav"] = "塔圖約語",
["taw"] = "Tai",
["tax"] = "坦基語",
["tay"] = "泰雅語",
["taz"] = "托喬語",
["tba"] = "艾嘎嫩語",
["tbc"] = "塔基亞語",
["tbd"] = "Kaki Ae",
["tbe"] = "Tanimbili",
["tbf"] = "Mandara",
["tbg"] = "北泰羅拉語",
["tbh"] = "Thurawal",
["tbi"] = "加姆語",
["tbj"] = "蒂昂語",
["tbk"] = "卡拉米-塔格巴努瓦語",
["tbl"] = "特波里語",
["tbm"] = "塔格布語",
["tbn"] = "巴羅內格羅烏瓦語",
["tbo"] = "塔瓦拉語",
["tbp"] = "Taworta",
["tbq-bdg-pro"] = "原始博多-加羅語",
["tbq-blg"] = "白狼語",
["tbq-brm-pro"] = "原始緬語",
["tbq-gkh"] = "勾克語",
["tbq-kuk-pro"] = "原始庫基-欽語",
["tbq-lal-pro"] = "原始臘羅語",
["tbq-laz"] = "拉熱語",
["tbq-lob-pro"] = "原始緬彝語",
["tbq-lol-pro"] = "原始彝語",
["tbq-mil"] = "米浪語",
["tbq-mor"] = "Moran",
["tbq-ngo"] = "Ngochang",
["tbr"] = "Tumtum",
["tbs"] = "Tanguat",
["tbt"] = "滕博語",
["tbu"] = "圖巴爾語",
["tbv"] = "Tobo",
["tbw"] = "塔格巴努瓦語",
["tbx"] = "卡平語",
["tby"] = "塔巴魯語",
["tbz"] = "Ditammari",
["tca"] = "齊古納語",
["tcb"] = "Tanacross",
["tcc"] = "Datooga",
["tcd"] = "Tafi",
["tce"] = "南塔穹語",
["tcf"] = "馬利納爾特佩克特拉帕克語",
["tcg"] = "Tamagario",
["tch"] = "特克斯和凱科斯群島克里奧爾英語",
["tci"] = "Wára",
["tck"] = "Tchitchege",
["tcl"] = "答曼語 (緬甸)",
["tcm"] = "Tanahmerah",
["tco"] = "Taungyo",
["tcp"] = "Tawr Chin",
["tcq"] = "Kaiy",
["tcs"] = "托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語",
["tct"] = "佯僙語",
["tcu"] = "東南塔拉烏馬拉語",
["tcw"] = "特克帕特蘭托托納克語",
["tcx"] = "托達語",
["tcy"] = "圖陸語",
["tcz"] = "Thado Chin",
["tda"] = "Tagdal",
["tdb"] = "Panchpargania",
["tdc"] = "Emberá-Tadó",
["tdd"] = "傣納語",
["tde"] = "Tiranige Diga Dogon",
["tdf"] = "Talieng",
["tdg"] = "西達芒語",
["tdh"] = "圖隆語",
["tdi"] = "多馬迪諾語",
["tdj"] = "塔基歐語",
["tdk"] = "Tambas",
["tdl"] = "Sur",
["tdm"] = "Taruma",
["tdn"] = "通達諾語",
["tdo"] = "Teme",
["tdq"] = "Tita",
["tdr"] = "祖查語",
["tds"] = "多泰語",
["tdt"] = "帝力德頓語",
["tdv"] = "圖爾克瓦姆語",
["tdy"] = "塔迪亞萬語",
["te"] = "泰盧固語",
["tea"] = "特米亞爾語",
["teb"] = "Tetete",
["tec"] = "Terik",
["ted"] = "Tepo Krumen",
["tee"] = "韋韋特拉特佩瓦語",
["tef"] = "Teressa",
["teg"] = "北部特克語",
["teh"] = "Tehuelche",
["tei"] = "托里切利語",
["tek"] = "Ibali Teke",
["tem"] = "提姆語",
["ten"] = "Tama (Colombia)",
["teo"] = "特索語",
["tep"] = "特佩卡諾語",
["teq"] = "Temein",
["ter"] = "泰雷諾語",
["tes"] = "騰格爾語",
["tet"] = "德頓語",
["teu"] = "Soo",
["tev"] = "Teor",
["tew"] = "特瓦語",
["tex"] = "滕內語",
["tey"] = "Tulishi",
["tez"] = "特特瑟雷特語",
["tfi"] = "Tofin Gbe",
["tfn"] = "代那安那語",
["tfo"] = "Tefaro",
["tfr"] = "特里貝語",
["tft"] = "特爾納特語",
["tg"] = "塔吉克語",
["tga"] = "Sagalla",
["tgb"] = "托比隆語",
["tgc"] = "Tigak",
["tgd"] = "Ciwogai",
["tge"] = "東廓爾喀達芒語",
["tgf"] = "查利語",
["tgh"] = "多巴哥克里奧爾英語",
["tgi"] = "拉溫亞語",
["tgn"] = "坦達加農語",
["tgo"] = "塔古拉語",
["tgp"] = "Tangoa",
["tgq"] = "Tring",
["tgr"] = "Tareng",
["tgs"] = "Nume",
["tgt"] = "中塔格巴努瓦語",
["tgu"] = "Tanggu",
["tgv"] = "Tingui-Boto",
["tgw"] = "Tagwana Senoufo",
["tgx"] = "塔吉什語",
["tgy"] = "Togoyo",
["th"] = "泰語",
["thc"] = "傣包語",
["thd"] = "Kuuk Thaayorre",
["the"] = "奇特旺塔魯語",
["thf"] = "Thangmi",
["thh"] = "北塔拉烏馬拉語",
["thi"] = "Tai Long",
["thk"] = "薩拉卡語",
["thl"] = "Dangaura Tharu",
["thm"] = "他文語",
["thn"] = "Thachanadan",
["thp"] = "湯普森語",
["thq"] = "珂奇拉塔魯語",
["thr"] = "拉納塔魯語",
["ths"] = "塔卡利語",
["tht"] = "塔爾坦語",
["thu"] = "Thuri",
["thy"] = "Tha",
["ti"] = "提格里尼亞語",
["tic"] = "Tira",
["tif"] = "Tifal",
["tig"] = "提格雷語",
["tih"] = "蒂穆貢穆魯特語",
["tii"] = "Tiene",
["tij"] = "Tilung",
["tik"] = "Tikar",
["til"] = "Tillamook",
["tim"] = "Timbe",
["tin"] = "廷迪語",
["tio"] = "特奧普語",
["tip"] = "特里穆里斯語",
["tiq"] = "Tiéfo",
["tis"] = "馬薩迪伊特伊特內格語",
["tit"] = "Tinigua",
["tiu"] = "阿達森語",
["tiv"] = "泰雷諾語",
["tiw"] = "提維語",
["tix"] = "Southern Tiwa",
["tiy"] = "蒂魯賴語",
["tiz"] = "紅金傣語",
["tja"] = "塔朱松語",
["tjg"] = "通瓊語",
["tji"] = "北部土家語",
["tjl"] = "傣來語",
["tjm"] = "Timucua",
["tjn"] = "Tonjon",
["tjs"] = "南部土家語",
["tju"] = "Tjurruru",
["tjw"] = "查普伍龍語",
["tk"] = "土庫曼語",
["tka"] = "特魯卡語",
["tkb"] = "Buksa",
["tkd"] = "土庫德德語",
["tke"] = "塔夸內語",
["tkf"] = "Tukumanféd",
["tkl"] = "托克勞語",
["tkm"] = "Takelma",
["tkn"] = "德之島語",
["tkp"] = "蒂科皮亞語",
["tkq"] = "Tee",
["tkr"] = "查庫爾語",
["tks"] = "Ramandi",
["tkt"] = "卡塔里亞塔魯語",
["tku"] = "上內卡克薩托托納克語",
["tkv"] = "穆爾帕諾語",
["tkw"] = "泰努語",
["tkx"] = "唐科語",
["tkz"] = "謝古語",
["tl"] = "他加祿語",
["tla"] = "西南特佩瓦語",
["tlb"] = "托貝洛語",
["tlc"] = "耶庫阿特拉托托納克語",
["tld"] = "達勞德語",
["tlf"] = "特萊福爾語",
["tlg"] = "Tofanma",
["tlh"] = "克林貢語",
["tli"] = "特林吉特語",
["tlj"] = "Talinga-Bwisi",
["tlk"] = "達祿基語",
["tll"] = "特特拉語",
["tlm"] = "托洛馬科語",
["tln"] = "大龍駱語'",
["tlo"] = "塔洛迪語",
["tlp"] = "菲洛梅納-馬塔-科阿維特蘭托托納克語",
["tlq"] = "蒙雷語",
["tlr"] = "塔利塞語",
["tls"] = "塔姆博塔洛語",
["tlt"] = "特盧蒂語",
["tlu"] = "Tulehu",
["tlv"] = "塔利亞布語",
["tlx"] = "克赫赫克語",
["tly"] = "塔利什語",
["tma"] = "Tama (Chad)",
["tmb"] = "Avava",
["tmc"] = "Tumak",
["tmd"] = "Haruai",
["tme"] = "Tremembé",
["tmf"] = "Toba-Maskoy",
["tmg"] = "Ternateño",
["tmh"] = "圖阿雷格語",
["tmi"] = "圖圖巴語",
["tmj"] = "薩馬羅克納語",
["tml"] = "Tamnim Citak",
["tmm"] = "傣奈語",
["tmn"] = "答曼語 (印尼)",
["tmo"] = "特莫克語",
["tmq"] = "通萊奧語",
["tms"] = "蒂馬語",
["tmt"] = "塔斯馬特語",
["tmu"] = "雅烏語",
["tmv"] = "Motembo",
["tmy"] = "Tami",
["tmz"] = "塔馬納庫語",
["tn"] = "茨瓦納語",
["tna"] = "塔卡納語",
["tnb"] = "西烏瓦語",
["tnc"] = "Tanimuca-Retuarã",
["tnd"] = "安古斯圖拉烏瓦語",
["tne"] = "Tinoc Kallahan",
["tng"] = "Tobanga",
["tnh"] = "Maiani",
["tni"] = "坦迪阿語",
["tnk"] = "Kwamera",
["tnl"] = "Lenakel",
["tnm"] = "塔布拉語",
["tnn"] = "北坦納語",
["tno"] = "Toromono",
["tnp"] = "白沙語",
["tnq"] = "泰諾語",
["tnr"] = "Bedik",
["tns"] = "特尼斯語",
["tnt"] = "通騰博安語",
["tnu"] = "岱康語",
["tnv"] = "坦昌雅語",
["tnw"] = "通沙旺語",
["tnx"] = "塔內馬語",
["tny"] = "Tongwe",
["tnz"] = "Ten'edn",
["to"] = "湯加語",
["tob"] = "托巴語",
["toc"] = "科尤特拉托托納克語",
["tod"] = "Toma",
["tof"] = "Gizrra",
["tog"] = "通加語 (馬拉維)",
["toh"] = "通加語 (莫桑比克)",
["toi"] = "通加語 (贊比亞)",
["toj"] = "托霍拉瓦爾語",
["tok"] = "道本語",
["tol"] = "Tolowa",
["tom"] = "通布魯語",
["too"] = "西科特佩克-德華雷斯托托納克語",
["top"] = "帕潘特拉托托納克語",
["toq"] = "Toposa",
["tor"] = "Togbo-Vara Banda",
["tos"] = "高地托托納克語",
["tou"] = "土語",
["tov"] = "Upper Taromi",
["tow"] = "Jemez",
["tox"] = "托比語",
["toy"] = "多波伊尤語",
["toz"] = "To",
["tpa"] = "Taupota",
["tpc"] = "阿索尤梅帕語",
["tpe"] = "Tippera",
["tpf"] = "Tarpia",
["tpg"] = "Kula",
["tpi"] = "托克皮辛語",
["tpj"] = "塔皮埃特語",
["tpk"] = "都比尼欽語",
["tpl"] = "特拉科阿帕梅帕語",
["tpm"] = "Tampulma",
["tpn"] = "圖皮南巴語",
["tpo"] = "行彤傣語",
["tpp"] = "比薩佛洛勒斯特佩瓦語",
["tpq"] = "獨巴語",
["tpr"] = "圖帕里語",
["tpt"] = "特拉奇奇爾科特佩瓦語",
["tpu"] = "坦普溫語",
["tpv"] = "塔納帕格語",
["tpw"] = "古圖皮語",
["tpx"] = "阿卡特佩克-梅帕語",
["tpy"] = "特魯邁語",
["tpz"] = "Tinputz",
["tqb"] = "坦貝語",
["tql"] = "萊哈利語",
["tqm"] = "Turumsa",
["tqn"] = "特奈諾語",
["tqo"] = "托里皮語",
["tqp"] = "托莫伊普語",
["tqq"] = "突尼語",
["tqr"] = "托羅納語",
["tqt"] = "西托托納克語",
["tqu"] = "Touo",
["tqw"] = "通卡瓦語",
["tr"] = "土耳其語",
["tra"] = "提拉希語",
["trb"] = "泰雷布語",
["trc"] = "科帕拉特里基語",
["trd"] = "Turi",
["tre"] = "東塔蘭甘語",
["trf"] = "特立尼達克里奧爾英語",
["trg"] = "李山帝丹語",
["trh"] = "Turaka",
["tri"] = "奇里幼語",
["trj"] = "Toram",
["trk-dkh"] = "杜漢語",
["trk-eog"] = "早期古烏古斯語",
["trk-oat"] = "古安納托利亞土耳其語",
["trk-pro"] = "原始突厥語",
["trl"] = "旅行者蘇格蘭語",
["trm"] = "特雷甘語",
["trn"] = "Trinitario",
["tro"] = "塔勞語",
["trp"] = "博羅克語",
["trq"] = "聖馬丁伊通約索特里基語",
["trr"] = "陶希羅語",
["trs"] = "奇卡華特拉特里基語",
["trt"] = "Tunggare",
["tru"] = "圖羅尤語",
["trv"] = "賽德克語",
["trw"] = "托瓦利語",
["trx"] = "Tringgus",
["try"] = "土隆語",
["trz"] = "Torá",
["ts"] = "聰加語",
["tsa"] = "Tsaangi",
["tsb"] = "瑟麥語",
["tsc"] = "Tswa",
["tsd"] = "特薩克尼恩語",
["tse"] = "突尼西亞手語",
["tsg"] = "陶蘇格語",
["tsh"] = "Tsuvan",
["tsi"] = "茨姆錫安語",
["tsj"] = "倉洛語",
["tsl"] = "卜老語",
["tsm"] = "土耳其手語",
["tsp"] = "北圖斯亞語",
["tsq"] = "泰國手語",
["tsr"] = "Akei",
["tss"] = "臺灣手語",
["tsu"] = "鄒語",
["tsv"] = "Tsogo",
["tsw"] = "Tsishingini",
["tsx"] = "穆巴米語",
["tsy"] = "Tebul Sign Language",
["tt"] = "韃靼語",
["tta"] = "圖特盧語",
["ttb"] = "加阿語",
["ttc"] = "特克提特克語",
["ttd"] = "Tauade",
["tte"] = "Bwanabwana",
["ttf"] = "Tuotomb",
["ttg"] = "都東語",
["tth"] = "上達渥語",
["tti"] = "托巴蒂語",
["ttj"] = "托羅語",
["ttk"] = "托托羅語",
["ttl"] = "托特拉語",
["ttm"] = "北塔穹語",
["ttn"] = "Towei",
["tto"] = "下達渥語",
["ttp"] = "東貝拉拉語",
["ttr"] = "特拉語",
["tts"] = "伊桑語",
["ttt"] = "塔特語",
["ttu"] = "Torau",
["ttv"] = "馬努斯語",
["ttw"] = "隆-瓦特語",
["tty"] = "西卡里泰語",
["ttz"] = "Tsum",
["tua"] = "威阿如姆斯語",
["tub"] = "特巴特勒巴爾語",
["tuc"] = "Mutu",
["tud"] = "都夏語",
["tue"] = "都尤咖語",
["tuf"] = "中烏瓦語",
["tug"] = "Tunia",
["tuh"] = "Taulil",
["tui"] = "圖普里語",
["tuj"] = "圖古蒂爾語",
["tul"] = "圖拉語",
["tum"] = "通布卡語",
["tun"] = "圖尼卡語",
["tuo"] = "都卡諾語",
["tup-gua-pro"] = "原始圖皮-瓜拉尼語",
["tup-kab"] = "卡比希亞納語",
["tup-kaw"] = "Kawahiva",
["tup-pro"] = "原始圖皮語",
["tuq"] = "特達加語",
["tus"] = "圖斯卡羅拉語",
["tuu"] = "圖圖特尼語",
["tuv"] = "圖爾卡納語",
["tuw-alk"] = "阿勒楚喀語",
["tuw-bal"] = "巴拉語",
["tuw-kkl"] = "恰喀拉語",
["tuw-kli"] = "奇力語",
["tuw-pro"] = "原始通古斯語",
["tuw-sol"] = "索倫語",
["tux"] = "Tuxináwa",
["tuy"] = "圖根語",
["tuz"] = "圖爾卡語",
["tva"] = "瓦瓜語",
["tvd"] = "楚瓦迪語",
["tve"] = "特翁語",
["tvk"] = "東南安布里姆語",
["tvl"] = "圖瓦盧語",
["tvm"] = "Tela-Masbuar",
["tvn"] = "土瓦語",
["tvo"] = "蒂多雷語",
["tvs"] = "塔韋塔語",
["tvt"] = "Tutsa Naga",
["tvu"] = "圖嫩語",
["tvw"] = "塞多阿語",
["tvx"] = "大武壠語",
["tvy"] = "帝汶皮欽語",
["twa"] = "特瓦納語",
["twb"] = "西塔烏碧語",
["twc"] = "Teshenawa",
["twe"] = "泰瓦語",
["twf"] = "陶斯語",
["twg"] = "特雷文語",
["twh"] = "傣端語",
["twm"] = "達旺門巴語",
["twn"] = "Twendi",
["two"] = "Tswapong",
["twp"] = "艾雷語",
["twq"] = "北桑海語",
["twr"] = "西南塔拉烏馬拉語",
["twt"] = "都里瓦拉語",
["twu"] = "特爾馬努語",
["tww"] = "圖瓦里語",
["twy"] = "塔沃延語",
["txa"] = "通博諾語",
["txb"] = "吐火羅語B",
["txc"] = "Tsetsaut",
["txe"] = "多多利語",
["txg"] = "西夏語",
["txh"] = "色雷斯語",
["txi"] = "伊崩語",
["txj"] = "Tarjumo",
["txm"] = "托米尼語",
["txn"] = "西塔蘭甘語",
["txo"] = "投投語",
["txq"] = "蒂伊語",
["txr"] = "Tartessian",
["txs"] = "通西亞語",
["txt"] = "Citak",
["txu"] = "卡亞波語",
["txx"] = "Tatana",
["ty"] = "大溪地語",
["tya"] = "陶亞語",
["tye"] = "Kyenga",
["tyh"] = "O'du",
["tyi"] = "Teke-Tsaayi",
["tyj"] = "傣約語",
["tyl"] = "土僚語",
["tyn"] = "Kombai",
["typ"] = "Kuku-Thaypan",
["tyr"] = "傣亮語",
["tys"] = "沙爬語",
["tyt"] = "德地傣語",
["tyu"] = "Kua",
["tyv"] = "圖瓦語",
["tyx"] = "泰凱-蒂耶語",
["tyz"] = "岱依語",
["tza"] = "坦桑尼亞手語",
["tzh"] = "策爾塔爾語",
["tzj"] = "楚圖希爾語",
["tzl"] = "塔羅薩語",
["tzm"] = "中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語",
["tzn"] = "Tugun",
["tzo"] = "佐齊爾語",
["tzx"] = "塔布里亞克語",
["uam"] = "瓦穆埃語",
["uan"] = "寬語",
["uar"] = "Tairuma",
["uba"] = "烏邦語",
["ubi"] = "烏比語",
["ubl"] = "布希農比科爾語",
["ubr"] = "烏比爾語",
["ubu"] = "考蓋爾語",
["uby"] = "尤比克語",
["uda"] = "烏達語",
["ude"] = "烏德蓋語",
["udg"] = "穆杜加語",
["udi"] = "烏迪語",
["udj"] = "烏吉爾語",
["udl"] = "烏爾德美語",
["udm"] = "烏得穆爾特語",
["udu"] = "烏杜克語",
["ues"] = "基奧哥語",
["ufi"] = "烏菲姆語",
["ug"] = "維吾爾語",
["uga"] = "烏加里特語",
["ugb"] = "Kuku-Ugbanh",
["uge"] = "烏格勒語",
["ugn"] = "烏干達手語",
["ugo"] = "貢語 (泰國)",
["ugy"] = "烏拉圭手語",
["uha"] = "烏哈米語",
["uhn"] = "達馬爾語",
["uis"] = "維薩伊語",
["uiv"] = "伊意維語",
["uji"] = "坦吉吉里語",
["uk"] = "烏克蘭語",
["uka"] = "卡布里語",
["ukg"] = "Ukuriguma",
["ukh"] = "烏奎約語",
["ukk"] = "Muak Sa-aak",
["ukl"] = "烏克蘭手語",
["ukp"] = "Ukpe-Bayobiri",
["ukq"] = "烏夸語",
["uks"] = "Kaapor Sign Language",
["uku"] = "Ukue",
["ukw"] = "Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni",
["uky"] = "Kuuk Yak",
["ula"] = "豐瓦語",
["ulb"] = "奧盧庫米語",
["ulc"] = "烏爾奇語",
["ule"] = "盧萊語",
["ulf"] = "Afra",
["uli"] = "烏利蒂語",
["ulk"] = "梅里阿姆語",
["ull"] = "Ullatan",
["ulm"] = "烏魯曼答語",
["uln"] = "拉包爾克里奧爾德語",
["ulu"] = "Uma' Lung",
["ulw"] = "烏爾瓦語 (尼加拉瓜)",
["uma"] = "烏馬蒂拉語",
["umb"] = "姆班杜語",
["umc"] = "馬魯西尼語",
["umd"] = "Umbindhamu",
["umg"] = "Umbuygamu",
["umi"] = "烏基特語",
["umm"] = "Umon",
["umn"] = "Makyan Naga",
["umo"] = "烏莫蒂納語",
["ump"] = "翁皮拉語",
["umr"] = "Umbugarla",
["ums"] = "本道語",
["umu"] = "門西語",
["una"] = "北瓦圖特語",
["und"] = "待定語言",
["une"] = "烏涅梅語",
["ung"] = "Ngarinyin",
["uni"] = "Uni",
["unk"] = "Enawené-Nawé",
["unm"] = "烏納米語",
["unn"] = "庫爾奈語",
["unr"] = "蒙達里語",
["unu"] = "Unubahe",
["unx"] = "Munda",
["unz"] = "溫德-凱利語",
["uok"] = "Uokha",
["uon"] = "龜崙語",
["upi"] = "烏梅達語",
["upv"] = "Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin",
["ur"] = "烏爾都語",
["ura"] = "烏拉里納語",
["urb"] = "烏魯布-卡波爾語",
["urc"] = "Urningangg",
["ure"] = "烏魯語",
["urf"] = "Uradhi",
["urg"] = "Urigina",
["urh"] = "烏爾霍博語",
["uri"] = "烏里姆語",
["urj-fin-pro"] = "原始芬蘭語",
["urj-koo"] = "古科米語",
["urj-kuk"] = "Kukkuzi",
["urj-kya"] = "亞濟瓦科米語",
["urj-mdv-pro"] = "原始莫爾多瓦語",
["urj-prm-pro"] = "原始彼爾姆語",
["urj-pro"] = "原始烏拉爾語",
["urj-ugr-pro"] = "原始烏戈爾語",
["urk"] = "奧朗勞特語",
["url"] = "烏拉利語",
["urm"] = "烏拉普明語",
["urn"] = "Uruangnirin",
["uro"] = "Ura (New Guinea)",
["urp"] = "Uru-Pa-In",
["urr"] = "Lehalurup",
["urt"] = "烏拉特語",
["uru"] = "烏魯米語",
["urv"] = "烏魯阿瓦語",
["urw"] = "Sop",
["urx"] = "烏里莫語",
["ury"] = "Orya",
["urz"] = "烏魯-埃烏-瓦烏瓦烏語",
["usa"] = "烏薩魯法語",
["ush"] = "烏修基語",
["usi"] = "Usui",
["usk"] = "Usaghade",
["usp"] = "Uspanteco",
["uss"] = "Saare",
["usu"] = "Uya",
["uta"] = "Otank",
["ute"] = "尤特語",
["uth"] = "Hun",
["utp"] = "阿姆巴語",
["utr"] = "埃圖洛語",
["utu"] = "烏圖語",
["uum"] = "烏魯姆語",
["uur"] = "Ura (Vanuatu)",
["uuu"] = "烏語",
["uve"] = "西烏韋阿語",
["uvh"] = "Uri",
["uvl"] = "盧特語",
["uwa"] = "Kuku-Uwanh",
["uya"] = "Doko-Uyanga",
["uz"] = "烏茲別克語",
["vaa"] = "瓦加里博里語",
["vae"] = "Vale",
["vag"] = "Vagla",
["vah"] = "瓦爾哈迪語",
["vai"] = "瓦伊語",
["vaj"] = "Sekele",
["val"] = "Vehes",
["vam"] = "瓦尼莫語",
["van"] = "瓦爾曼語",
["vao"] = "Vao",
["vap"] = "Vaiphei",
["var"] = "Huarijio",
["vas"] = "瓦薩維語",
["vau"] = "Vanuma",
["vav"] = "瓦爾里語",
["vay"] = "Vayu",
["vbb"] = "東南巴巴爾語",
["vbk"] = "西南邦托克語",
["ve"] = "文達語",
["vec"] = "威尼斯語",
["ved"] = "維達語",
["vem"] = "Vemgo-Mabas",
["veo"] = "文圖雷諾語",
["vep"] = "維普斯語",
["ver"] = "Mom Jango",
["vgr"] = "瓦戈里語",
["vgt"] = "佛蘭德手語",
["vi"] = "越南語",
["vic"] = "美屬維爾京群島克里奧爾語",
["vid"] = "Vidunda",
["vif"] = "維利語",
["vig"] = "Viemo",
["vil"] = "維萊拉語",
["vis"] = "Vishavan",
["vit"] = "維蒂語",
["viv"] = "伊杜納語",
["vjk"] = "Bajjika",
["vka"] = "卡里亞拉語",
["vki"] = "Ija-Zuba",
["vkj"] = "Kujarge",
["vkk"] = "Kaur",
["vkl"] = "古利蘇蘇語",
["vkm"] = "卡馬坎語",
["vko"] = "岡德哈語",
["vkp"] = "科爾萊克里奧爾葡萄牙語",
["vkt"] = "Tenggarong Kutai Malay",
["vku"] = "庫拉馬語",
["vlp"] = "發貝語",
["vls"] = "西佛蘭德語",
["vma"] = "馬圖蘇利那語",
["vmb"] = "姆巴巴拉姆語",
["vmc"] = "尤克斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語",
["vmd"] = "Mudu Koraga",
["vme"] = "東馬塞拉語",
["vmf"] = "東法蘭克尼亞語",
["vmg"] = "Minigir",
["vmh"] = "馬拉格伊語",
["vmi"] = "米瓦語",
["vmj"] = "伊斯塔尤特拉米斯特克語",
["vmk"] = "Makhuwa-Shirima",
["vml"] = "馬爾加納語",
["vmm"] = "米特拉通戈米斯特克語",
["vmp"] = "索亞爾特佩克馬薩特克語",
["vmq"] = "索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語",
["vmr"] = "Marenje",
["vmu"] = "穆盧利吉語",
["vmv"] = "河谷邁杜語",
["vmw"] = "馬庫瓦語",
["vmx"] = "塔馬索拉米斯特克語",
["vmy"] = "阿亞烏特拉馬薩特克語",
["vmz"] = "馬薩特蘭馬薩特克語",
["vnk"] = "洛沃諾語",
["vnm"] = "Neve'ei",
["vnp"] = "伏納普語",
["vo"] = "沃拉普克語",
["vor"] = "沃羅語",
["vot"] = "沃特語",
["vra"] = "韋拉阿語",
["vro"] = "佛羅語",
["vrs"] = "瓦里西語",
["vrt"] = "Banam Bay",
["vsi"] = "摩爾多瓦手語",
["vsl"] = "委內瑞拉手語",
["vsv"] = "瓦倫西亞手語",
["vto"] = "Vitou",
["vum"] = "文布語",
["vun"] = "溫舊語",
["vut"] = "武特語",
["vwa"] = "阿佤語",
["wa"] = "瓦隆語",
["waa"] = "瓦拉瓦拉語",
["wab"] = "瓦布語",
["wac"] = "瓦斯科-威什拉姆語",
["wad"] = "瓦梅薩語",
["waf"] = "瓦科納語",
["wag"] = "瓦埃馬語",
["wah"] = "瓦圖貝拉語",
["waj"] = "瓦法語",
["wal"] = "沃萊塔語",
["wam"] = "麻薩諸塞語",
["wan"] = "瓦語",
["wao"] = "瓦波語",
["wap"] = "瓦比夏那語",
["waq"] = "瓦吉曼語",
["war"] = "瓦瑞瓦瑞語",
["was"] = "瓦修語",
["wat"] = "卡尼努瓦語",
["wau"] = "沃雅語",
["wav"] = "瓦卡語",
["waw"] = "瓦伊瓦伊語",
["wax"] = "Watam",
["way"] = "瓦亞那語",
["waz"] = "萬普爾語",
["wba"] = "瓦勞語",
["wbb"] = "Wabo",
["wbe"] = "瓦里泰語",
["wbf"] = "瓦拉語",
["wbh"] = "萬達語",
["wbi"] = "弗萬吉語",
["wbj"] = "阿拉格瓦語",
["wbk"] = "維加里語",
["wbl"] = "瓦罕語",
["wbm"] = "佤語",
["wbp"] = "瓦爾皮瑞語",
["wbq"] = "瓦達爾語",
["wbr"] = "瓦格迪語",
["wbt"] = "萬曼語",
["wbv"] = "瓦賈里語",
["wbw"] = "沃伊語",
["wca"] = "亞諾馬姆語",
["wci"] = "Waci Gbe",
["wdd"] = "Wandji",
["wdg"] = "瓦達吉納姆語",
["wdj"] = "瓦吉吉尼語",
["wdt"] = "懷安多特語",
["wdu"] = "瓦吉古語",
["wdy"] = "瓦賈班蓋語",
["wea"] = "Wewaw",
["wec"] = "Wè Western",
["wed"] = "維道語",
["weh"] = "韋赫語",
["wei"] = "基烏努姆語",
["wem"] = "韋梅格貝語",
["weo"] = "韋馬萊語",
["wer"] = "韋里語",
["wes"] = "喀麥隆皮欽語",
["wet"] = "佩萊語",
["weu"] = "衛朗語",
["wew"] = "韋耶瓦語",
["wfg"] = "亞菲語",
["wga"] = "瓦加亞語",
["wgb"] = "瓦加瓦加語",
["wgg"] = "旺甘古魯語",
["wgi"] = "瓦赫吉語",
["wgo"] = "衛吉語",
["wgu"] = "維蘭古語",
["wgy"] = "瓦爾加馬伊語",
["wha"] = "馬努塞拉語",
["whg"] = "北瓦赫吉語",
["whk"] = "瓦豪河-克尼亞語",
["whu"] = "瓦豪加央語",
["wib"] = "南圖斯亞語",
["wic"] = "威奇塔語",
["wie"] = "維克-埃帕語",
["wif"] = "Wik-Keyangan",
["wig"] = "維克-雅塔納語",
["wih"] = "維克-梅安哈語",
["wii"] = "威阿齊語",
["wij"] = "Wik-Iiyanh",
["wik"] = "維卡爾坎語",
["wil"] = "維拉維拉語",
["wim"] = "維克-蒙坎語",
["win"] = "溫尼貝戈語",
["wir"] = "Wiraféd",
["wiu"] = "維魯語",
["wiv"] = "維圖語",
["wiy"] = "維約特語",
["wja"] = "瓦賈語",
["wji"] = "瓦爾吉語",
["wka"] = "夸扎語",
["wkb"] = "庫巴蘭語",
["wkd"] = "莫語",
["wkl"] = "Kalanadi",
["wku"] = "Kunduvadi",
["wkw"] = "瓦卡瓦卡語",
["wky"] = "旺卡尤迪烏魯語",
["wla"] = "瓦利奧語",
["wlc"] = "莫愛利科摩羅語",
["wle"] = "沃拉尼語",
["wlg"] = "昆巴朗語",
["wli"] = "瓦約利語",
["wlk"] = "韋拉基語",
["wll"] = "瓦利語 (蘇丹)",
["wlm"] = "中古威爾士語",
["wlo"] = "窩里沃語",
["wlr"] = "委拉帕語",
["wls"] = "瓦利斯語",
["wlu"] = "伍利伍利語",
["wlv"] = "維奇拉姆特斯韋霍斯語",
["wlw"] = "瓦拉克語",
["wlx"] = "瓦利語",
["wly"] = "沃林格語",
["wmb"] = "萬巴亞語",
["wmc"] = "Wamas",
["wmd"] = "Mamaindé",
["wme"] = "Wambule",
["wmh"] = "Waima'a",
["wmi"] = "瓦明語",
["wmm"] = "麥瓦語 (印尼)",
["wmn"] = "瓦芒語",
["wmo"] = "Wam",
["wms"] = "萬邦語",
["wmt"] = "瓦爾馬賈里語",
["wmw"] = "姆瓦尼語",
["wmx"] = "Womo",
["wnb"] = "瓦南布勒語",
["wnc"] = "萬托阿特語",
["wnd"] = "萬達朗語",
["wne"] = "瓦內茨語",
["wng"] = "旺戈姆語",
["wni"] = "昂儒昂科摩羅語",
["wnk"] = "瓦努卡卡語",
["wnm"] = "旺加馬拉語",
["wno"] = "瓦諾語",
["wnp"] = "瓦那普語",
["wnu"] = "烏善語",
["wnw"] = "Wintu",
["wny"] = "萬尼語",
["wo"] = "沃洛夫語",
["woa"] = "Tyaraity",
["wob"] = "Wè Northern",
["woc"] = "Wogeo",
["wod"] = "Wolani",
["woe"] = "沃雷埃語",
["wog"] = "Wogamusin",
["woi"] = "卡芒語",
["wok"] = "龍托語",
["wom"] = "Perema",
["won"] = "溫戈語",
["woo"] = "瑪儂拜語",
["wor"] = "Woria",
["wos"] = "克瓦森根語",
["wow"] = "沃沃尼語",
["woy"] = "韋托語",
["wpc"] = "威羅語",
["wra"] = "瓦拉普語",
["wrb"] = "瓦魯瓦拉語",
["wrg"] = "瓦龍古語",
["wrh"] = "威拉祖利語",
["wri"] = "瓦里揚加語",
["wrk"] = "加拉瓦語",
["wrl"] = "瓦爾曼帕語",
["wrm"] = "瓦魯孟古語",
["wrn"] = "韋尼語",
["wro"] = "沃羅拉語",
["wrp"] = "瓦羅彭語",
["wrr"] = "瓦爾達曼語",
["wrs"] = "瓦里斯語",
["wru"] = "瓦魯語",
["wrv"] = "瓦魯納語",
["wrw"] = "古古瓦拉語",
["wrx"] = "瓦埃拉納語",
["wrz"] = "沃雷語",
["wsa"] = "瓦倫博里語",
["wsi"] = "瓦思語",
["wsk"] = "瓦斯基亞語",
["wsr"] = "奧維納語",
["wsu"] = "瓦蘇語",
["wsv"] = "沃塔普里-卡塔卡萊語",
["wtf"] = "瓦蒂瓦語",
["wth"] = "瓦陶隆語",
["wti"] = "Berta",
["wtk"] = "Watakataui",
["wtm"] = "梅瓦蒂語",
["wtw"] = "沃度語",
["wua"] = "維克恩根切拉語",
["wub"] = "烏南巴爾語",
["wud"] = "伍杜語",
["wuh"] = "五屯話",
["wul"] = "西里莫語",
["wum"] = "文布武語",
["wun"] = "本古語",
["wur"] = "Wurrugu",
["wut"] = "伍通語",
["wuu"] = "吳語",
["wuv"] = "伍武盧-阿瓦語",
["wux"] = "伍勒納語",
["wuy"] = "沃亞伊語",
["wwa"] = "瓦瑪語",
["wwo"] = "多里格語",
["wwr"] = "瓦爾瓦語",
["www"] = "瓦瓦語",
["wxa"] = "瓦鄉話",
["wxw"] = "瓦爾丹迪語",
["wya"] = "懷安多特語",
["wyb"] = "恩吉亞姆巴語",
["wyi"] = "沃伊伍龍語",
["wym"] = "維拉莫維安語",
["wyr"] = "阿朱魯語",
["wyy"] = "西斐濟語",
["xaa"] = "安達盧斯阿拉伯語",
["xab"] = "桑貝語",
["xac"] = "卡恰爾語",
["xad"] = "阿岱語",
["xae"] = "埃桂語",
["xag"] = "高加索阿爾巴尼亞語",
["xai"] = "卡因貝語",
["xaj"] = "Ararandewára",
["xak"] = "馬庫語",
["xal"] = "卡爾梅克衛拉特語",
["xam"] = "卡姆語",
["xan"] = "Xamtanga",
["xao"] = "考語",
["xap"] = "阿帕拉契語",
["xar"] = "卡拉米語",
["xas"] = "卡馬斯語",
["xat"] = "卡塔威希語",
["xau"] = "考韋拉語",
["xav"] = "夏凡提語",
["xaw"] = "卡瓦伊蘇語",
["xay"] = "瑪哈坎加央語",
["xbb"] = "Lower Burdekin",
["xbc"] = "巴克特里亞語",
["xbd"] = "賓達爾語",
["xbe"] = "比加姆巴爾語",
["xbg"] = "本甘迪茲語",
["xbi"] = "孔比奧語",
["xbj"] = "Birrpayi",
["xbm"] = "中古布列塔尼語",
["xbn"] = "克那博依語",
["xbo"] = "保加爾語",
["xbp"] = "比布爾曼語",
["xbr"] = "坎貝拉語",
["xbw"] = "岡比瓦語",
["xby"] = "Butchulla",
["xcb"] = "坎伯蘭語",
["xcc"] = "卡莫尼語",
["xce"] = "凱爾特伊比利亞語",
["xch"] = "Chemakum",
["xcl"] = "古典亞美尼亞語",
["xcm"] = "Comecrudo",
["xcn"] = "Cotoname",
["xco"] = "花剌子模語",
["xcr"] = "卡里亞語",
["xct"] = "古典藏語",
["xcu"] = "庫爾蘭語",
["xcv"] = "楚凡語",
["xcw"] = "Coahuilteco",
["xcy"] = "Cayuse",
["xda"] = "達金容語",
["xdc"] = "達契亞語",
["xdk"] = "達拉格語",
["xdm"] = "以東語",
["xdq"] = "凱塔格語",
["xdy"] = "馬來達雅語",
["xeb"] = "埃勃拉語",
["xed"] = "赫迪語",
["xeg"] = "ǁXegwi",
["xel"] = "科洛語",
["xem"] = "甘巴炎語",
["xep"] = "Epi-Olmec",
["xer"] = "謝凡提語",
["xes"] = "Kesawai",
["xet"] = "謝達語",
["xeu"] = "克烏魯語",
["xfa"] = "法利斯克語",
["xga"] = "加拉提亞語",
["xgb"] = "Gbin",
["xgd"] = "古當語",
["xgf"] = "通瓦語",
["xgg"] = "戈倫語",
["xgi"] = "加林巴爾語",
["xgl"] = "加林迪亞語",
["xgm"] = "達龍巴爾語",
["xgn-pro"] = "原始蒙古語",
["xgr"] = "Garza",
["xgu"] = "Unggumi",
["xgw"] = "古瓦語",
["xh"] = "科薩語",
["xha"] = "Harami",
["xhc"] = "匈人語",
["xhd"] = "哈德拉毛語",
["xhe"] = "克特拉尼語",
["xhm"] = "中古高棉語",
["xhr"] = "赫爾尼基語",
["xht"] = "哈梯語",
["xhu"] = "胡里安語",
["xhv"] = "庫瓦語",
["xib"] = "伊比利亞語",
["xii"] = "Xiri",
["xil"] = "伊利里亞語",
["xin"] = "Xinca",
["xir"] = "希里阿納語",
["xis"] = "基桑語",
["xiv"] = "印度河流域語",
["xiy"] = "Xipaya",
["xjb"] = "明瓊巴爾語",
["xka"] = "卡爾科提語",
["xkb"] = "Manigri-Kambolé Ede Nago",
["xkc"] = "科伊因語",
["xkd"] = "曼達蘭加央語",
["xke"] = "克列赫語",
["xkf"] = "肯卡語",
["xkg"] = "Kagoro",
["xki"] = "肯尼亞手語",
["xkj"] = "卡賈里語",
["xkk"] = "卡喬語",
["xkl"] = "巴庫語",
["xkn"] = "河畔加央語",
["xko"] = "焦爾語",
["xkp"] = "卡巴特伊語",
["xkq"] = "果羅尼語",
["xkr"] = "夏克里亞巴語",
["xks"] = "昆貝瓦哈語",
["xkt"] = "坎托斯語",
["xku"] = "卡安巴語",
["xkv"] = "加拉加迪語",
["xkw"] = "肯姆布拉語",
["xkx"] = "卡羅雷語",
["xky"] = "Uma' Lasan",
["xkz"] = "庫爾托普語",
["xla"] = "卡穆拉語",
["xlb"] = "Loup B",
["xlc"] = "呂基亞語",
["xld"] = "呂底亞語",
["xle"] = "利姆尼亞語",
["xlg"] = "古利古里亞語",
["xli"] = "利伯尼亞語",
["xln"] = "阿蘭語",
["xlo"] = "Loup A",
["xlp"] = "南阿爾卑斯高盧語",
["xls"] = "盧西坦尼亞語",
["xlu"] = "盧維語",
["xly"] = "伊利米語",
["xmb"] = "恩班加語",
["xmc"] = "Makhuwa-Marrevone",
["xmd"] = "姆布杜姆語",
["xme-ker"] = "克爾曼語",
["xme-kls"] = "Kalasuri",
["xme-klt"] = "Kilit",
["xme-mid"] = "中古米底語",
["xme-old"] = "上古米底語",
["xme-ott"] = "古塔蒂語",
["xme-taf"] = "塔弗雷希語",
["xme-ttc-pro"] = "原始塔蒂語",
["xmf"] = "明格列爾語",
["xmg"] = "蒙加卡語",
["xmh"] = "庫庫-穆敏赫語",
["xmj"] = "馬傑拉語",
["xmk"] = "古馬其頓語",
["xml"] = "馬來西亞手語",
["xmm"] = "萬鴉老馬來語",
["xmo"] = "莫雷雷比語",
["xmp"] = "庫庫-穆因語",
["xmq"] = "庫庫-芒克語",
["xmr"] = "麥羅埃語",
["xms"] = "摩洛哥手語",
["xmt"] = "馬特巴特語",
["xmu"] = "卡穆語",
["xmx"] = "Maden",
["xmy"] = "馬雅古杜納語",
["xmz"] = "摩利巴華語",
["xna"] = "古北阿拉伯語",
["xnb"] = "卡那卡那富語",
["xnd-pro"] = "原始納-德內語",
["xng"] = "中古蒙古語",
["xnh"] = "寬話",
["xni"] = "恩加里古語",
["xnk"] = "恩加納卡爾蒂語",
["xnr"] = "康格里語",
["xns"] = "卡納西語",
["xnt"] = "納拉甘塞特語",
["xnu"] = "努庫努爾語",
["xny"] = "尼亞帕里語",
["xoc"] = "O'chi'chi'",
["xod"] = "科科達語",
["xog"] = "索加語",
["xoi"] = "Kominimung",
["xok"] = "秀克朗語",
["xom"] = "夸瑪語",
["xon"] = "康孔姆巴語",
["xoo"] = "許庫魯斯語",
["xop"] = "科帕爾語",
["xor"] = "科魯博語",
["xow"] = "科瓦基語",
["xpa"] = "皮里亞語",
["xpb"] = "Pyemmairre",
["xpc"] = "佩切涅格語",
["xpd"] = "Paredarerme",
["xpe"] = "利比里亞克佩列語",
["xpf"] = "東南塔斯馬尼亞語",
["xpg"] = "弗里吉亞語",
["xph"] = "Tyerrernotepanner",
["xpi"] = "皮克特語",
["xpj"] = "姆帕利詹語",
["xpk"] = "庫利納語",
["xpl"] = "索雷爾港語",
["xpm"] = "旁普科爾語",
["xpn"] = "岡比那瓦語",
["xpo"] = "波丘特克語",
["xpp"] = "Puyo-Paekche",
["xpq"] = "莫西干-佩科特語",
["xpr"] = "安息語",
["xps"] = "皮西迪亞語",
["xpu"] = "布匿語",
["xpv"] = "Tommeginne",
["xpw"] = "Peerapper",
["xpx"] = "Toogee",
["xpy"] = "扶餘語",
["xpz"] = "Bruny Island",
["xqa"] = "喀喇汗語",
["xqt"] = "Qatabanian",
["xra"] = "克拉沃語",
["xrb"] = "Eastern Karaboro",
["xrd"] = "Gundungurra",
["xre"] = "克雷耶語",
["xrg"] = "米南語",
["xri"] = "Krikati-Timbira",
["xrm"] = "Armazic",
["xrn"] = "阿林語",
["xrq"] = "卡蘭加語",
["xrr"] = "雷蒂亞語",
["xrt"] = "Aranama-Tamique",
["xru"] = "馬利亞穆語",
["xrw"] = "卡拉瓦語",
["xsa"] = "賽伯伊語",
["xsb"] = "三描語",
["xsc-pro"] = "原始斯基泰語",
["xsc-sak-pro"] = "原始塞語",
["xsc-sar-pro"] = "原始薩馬提亞語",
["xsc-skw-pro"] = "原始塞-瓦罕語",
["xsd"] = "西代語",
["xse"] = "Sempan",
["xsh"] = "Shamang",
["xsi"] = "西奧語",
["xsj"] = "Subi",
["xsl"] = "南斯拉維語",
["xsm"] = "格森語",
["xsn"] = "桑加語 (奈及利亞)",
["xso"] = "索拉諾語",
["xsp"] = "Silopi",
["xsq"] = "Makhuwa-Saka",
["xsr"] = "夏爾巴語",
["xss"] = "阿桑語",
["xsu"] = "薩努馬語",
["xsv"] = "蘇多維亞語",
["xsy"] = "賽夏語",
["xta"] = "阿爾科紹卡米斯特克語",
["xtb"] = "查蘇姆巴米斯特克語",
["xtc"] = "卡杜格利語",
["xtd"] = "迪烏斯-蒂蘭通戈米斯特克語",
["xte"] = "克騰班語",
["xth"] = "Yitha Yitha",
["xti"] = "西尼卡瓦米斯特克語",
["xtj"] = "聖胡安泰塔米斯特克語",
["xtl"] = "蒂哈爾特佩克米斯特克語",
["xtm"] = "馬格達萊納佩尼亞斯科米斯特克語",
["xtn"] = "北特拉夏科米斯特克語",
["xto"] = "吐火羅語A",
["xtp"] = "聖米格爾彼德拉斯-米斯特克語",
["xtq"] = "圖木舒克語",
["xtr"] = "早期特里普里語",
["xts"] = "辛迪維米斯特克語",
["xtt"] = "塔卡瓦米斯特克語",
["xtu"] = "庫亞梅卡爾科米斯特克語",
["xtv"] = "Thawa",
["xtw"] = "Tawandê",
["xty"] = "約洛索奇特爾米斯特克語",
["xua"] = "阿盧庫魯姆巴語",
["xub"] = "貝塔庫魯姆巴語",
["xud"] = "Umiida",
["xug"] = "國頭語",
["xuj"] = "傑努庫魯姆巴語",
["xul"] = "Ngunawal",
["xum"] = "翁布里亞語",
["xun"] = "Unggaranggu",
["xuo"] = "庫歐語",
["xup"] = "Upper Umpqua",
["xur"] = "烏拉爾圖語",
["xut"] = "庫坦特語",
["xuu"] = "Khwe",
["xve"] = "威尼托語",
["xvn"] = "汪達爾語",
["xvo"] = "沃爾西語",
["xvs"] = "維斯提奈語",
["xwa"] = "瓜薩語",
["xwc"] = "沃孔語",
["xwd"] = "瓦迪瓦迪語",
["xwe"] = "Xwela Gbe",
["xwg"] = "奎固語",
["xwj"] = "瓦朱克語",
["xwk"] = "Wangkumara",
["xwl"] = "Western Xwla Gbe",
["xwo"] = "書面衛拉特語",
["xwr"] = "Kwerba Mamberamo",
["xww"] = "溫巴溫巴語",
["xxb"] = "博羅語",
["xxk"] = "克奧語",
["xxm"] = "Minkin",
["xxr"] = "Koropó",
["xxt"] = "坦博拉語",
["xya"] = "雅伊吉爾語",
["xyb"] = "揚吉巴拉語",
["xyl"] = "Yalakalore",
["xyt"] = "馬伊-他庫爾蒂語",
["xyy"] = "約爾塔約爾塔語",
["xzh"] = "象雄語",
["xzm"] = "Zemgalian",
["xzp"] = "古薩波特克語",
["yaa"] = "亞米納瓦語",
["yab"] = "尤胡普語",
["yac"] = "帕斯谷亞利語",
["yad"] = "亞古阿語",
["yae"] = "Pumé",
["yaf"] = "亞卡語",
["yag"] = "雅加語",
["yah"] = "雅茲古拉米語",
["yai"] = "雅格諾比語",
["yaj"] = "班達-揚蓋雷語",
["yak"] = "亞基馬語",
["yal"] = "亞倫卡語",
["yam"] = "亞姆巴語",
["yan"] = "馬揚納語",
["yao"] = "堯語",
["yap"] = "雅浦語",
["yaq"] = "亞基語",
["yar"] = "亞巴拉納語",
["yas"] = "古努語",
["yat"] = "揚貝塔語",
["yau"] = "Yuwana",
["yav"] = "洋卞語",
["yaw"] = "亞瓦拉比其語",
["yay"] = "Agwagwune",
["yaz"] = "洛卡語",
["yba"] = "亞拉語",
["ybb"] = "耶姆巴語",
["ybe"] = "西部裕固語",
["ybh"] = "雅卡語",
["ybi"] = "Yamphu",
["ybj"] = "Hasha",
["ybk"] = "黑木吉語",
["ybl"] = "Yukuben",
["ybm"] = "Yaben",
["ybn"] = "Yabaâna",
["ybo"] = "Yabong",
["ybx"] = "Yawiyo",
["yby"] = "Yaweyuha",
["ych"] = "車蘇語",
["ycl"] = "倮倮潑語",
["ycn"] = "尤庫納語",
["ycp"] = "切皮亞語",
["ycr"] = "寒溪語",
["yda"] = "揚達語",
["yde"] = "Yangum Dey",
["ydg"] = "伊特格哈語",
["ydk"] = "約依迪克語",
["yea"] = "拉武拉語",
["yec"] = "葉尼什語",
["yee"] = "伊馬斯語",
["yei"] = "耶尼語",
["yej"] = "猶太-希臘語",
["yen"] = "延當語",
["yer"] = "塔羅克語",
["yes"] = "耶斯夸語",
["yet"] = "耶特法語",
["yeu"] = "耶魯庫拉語",
["yev"] = "雅朋達語",
["yey"] = "耶伊語",
["ygi"] = "伊寧蓋語",
["ygl"] = "Yangum Gel",
["ygm"] = "亞戈米語",
["ygp"] = "峨頗語",
["ygr"] = "亞加里阿語",
["ygs"] = "雍古手語",
["ygu"] = "尤古爾語",
["ygw"] = "Yagwoia",
["yha"] = "巴哈語",
["yhl"] = "圪勒頗普佤語",
["yi"] = "意第緒語",
["yia"] = "英加爾達語",
["yif"] = "阿車語",
["yig"] = "烏撒納蘇語",
["yii"] = "依蒂尼語",
["yij"] = "因吉班迪語",
["yik"] = "東山壩臘羅語",
["yil"] = "Yindjilandji",
["yim"] = "Yimchungru Naga",
["yin"] = "Yinchia",
["yip"] = "仆拉語",
["yiq"] = "密察語",
["yir"] = "北奧尤語",
["yis"] = "乙斯語",
["yit"] = "東臘魯語",
["yiu"] = "阿鄔語",
["yiv"] = "北尼蘇語",
["yix"] = "阿細語",
["yiy"] = "伊爾-約龍特語",
["yiz"] = "阿哲語",
["yka"] = "亞坎語",
["ykg"] = "北尤卡吉爾語",
["ykh"] = "哈米尼干語",
["yki"] = "約凱語",
["ykk"] = "Yakaikeke",
["ykl"] = "科魯拉語",
["ykm"] = "卡普語",
["ykn"] = "跨恩斯話",
["yko"] = "亞薩語",
["ykr"] = "耶科拉語",
["ykt"] = "嘎蘇話",
["yku"] = "跨瑪斯話",
["yky"] = "亞科馬語",
["yla"] = "烏爾瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
["ylb"] = "亞萊巴語",
["yle"] = "耶里多涅語",
["ylg"] = "耶洛古語",
["yli"] = "昂古魯克亞利語",
["yll"] = "乙爾語",
["ylm"] = "留米語",
["yln"] = "郎念布央語",
["ylo"] = "納若語",
["ylr"] = "亞蘭加語",
["ylu"] = "Aribwaung",
["yly"] = "Nyâlayu",
["ymb"] = "Yambes",
["ymc"] = "南木吉語",
["ymd"] = "木達語",
["yme"] = "Yameo",
["ymg"] = "Yamongeri",
["ymh"] = "米利語",
["ymi"] = "墨幾語",
["ymk"] = "Makwe",
["yml"] = "Iamalele",
["ymm"] = "馬艾語",
["ymn"] = "蘇努姆語",
["ymo"] = "Yangum Mon",
["ymp"] = "Yamap",
["ymq"] = "期臘木吉語",
["ymr"] = "馬拉薩爾語",
["yms"] = "密細亞語",
["ymx"] = "北木吉語",
["ymz"] = "木支語",
["yna"] = "阿羅語",
["ynb"] = "Yamben",
["ynd"] = "揚德魯萬塔語",
["yne"] = "崀峨語",
["yng"] = "Yango",
["ynk"] = "瑙坎語",
["ynl"] = "Yangulam",
["ynn"] = "亞納語",
["yno"] = "傣允語",
["yns"] = "Yansi",
["ynu"] = "Yahuna",
["yo"] = "約魯巴語",
["yob"] = "約巴語",
["yog"] = "尤加德語",
["yoi"] = "與那國語",
["yok-bvy"] = "比尤那維斯塔約庫特語",
["yok-dly"] = "德爾塔約庫特語",
["yok-gsy"] = "加肖伍語",
["yok-kry"] = "國王河約庫特語",
["yok-nvy"] = "北山谷約庫特語",
["yok-ply"] = "Palewyami",
["yok-svy"] = "南山谷約庫特語",
["yok-tky"] = "圖爾-卡威亞約庫特語",
["yol"] = "約拉語",
["yom"] = "榮貝語",
["yon"] = "Yongkom",
["yox"] = "與論語",
["yoy"] = "堯依語",
["ypa"] = "帕拉語",
["ypb"] = "拉波普佤語",
["ypg"] = "普拉語",
["yph"] = "富帕語",
["ypk-pro"] = "原始尤皮克語",
["ypm"] = "富馬語",
["ypn"] = "阿尼普佤語",
["ypo"] = "阿洛普拉語",
["ypp"] = "富巴語",
["ypz"] = "富匝語",
["yra"] = "雅雷凱語",
["yrb"] = "雅雷巴語",
["yre"] = "雅烏爾語",
["yri"] = "亞里語",
["yrk-for"] = "森林涅涅茨語",
["yrk-tun"] = "凍原涅涅茨語",
["yrl"] = "奈恩加圖語",
["yrn"] = "耶容語",
["yro"] = "Yaroamë",
["yrw"] = "Yarawata",
["yry"] = "雅爾魯延迪語",
["ysc"] = "雅西克語",
["ysd"] = "撒慕語",
["ysg"] = "鎖內嘎話",
["ysl"] = "南斯拉夫手語",
["ysn"] = "撒尼語",
["yso"] = "尼斯語",
["ysp"] = "南倮倮潑語",
["ysr"] = "西萊尼克語",
["yss"] = "Yessan-Mayo",
["ysy"] = "撒涅語",
["yta"] = "他留語",
["ytl"] = "堂郎語",
["ytp"] = "脫潑語",
["ytw"] = "Yout Wam",
["yty"] = "亞泰語",
["yua"] = "尤卡坦瑪雅語",
["yub"] = "尤甘巴爾語",
["yuc"] = "尤奇語",
["yue"] = "粵語",
["yuf"] = "Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai",
["yug"] = "尤格語",
["yui"] = "Yurutí",
["yuj"] = "卡爾卡爾-尤里語",
["yuk"] = "尤基語",
["yul"] = "尤盧語",
["yum"] = "尤馬語",
["yun"] = "貝納語",
["yup"] = "尤克帕語",
["yuq"] = "尤奇語",
["yur"] = "尤羅克語",
["yut"] = "尤普納語",
["yuw"] = "Finisterre Yau",
["yux"] = "南尤卡吉爾語",
["yuy"] = "東部裕固語",
["yuz"] = "尤拉卡雷語",
["yva"] = "雅瓦語",
["yvt"] = "Yavitero",
["ywa"] = "卡勞語",
["ywg"] = "因哈旺卡語",
["ywl"] = "西臘魯語",
["ywn"] = "雅瓦那瓦語",
["ywq"] = "納蘇語",
["ywr"] = "雅烏魯語",
["ywt"] = "中臘羅語",
["ywu"] = "烏蒙語",
["yww"] = "Yawarawarga",
["yxa"] = "馬亞瓦利語",
["yxg"] = "亞加拉語",
["yxl"] = "亞爾利語",
["yxm"] = "因溫語",
["yxu"] = "尤尤語",
["yxy"] = "亞布拉亞布拉語",
["yyu"] = "托里切利堯語",
["yyz"] = "阿彝子語",
["yzg"] = "峨馬布央語",
["yzk"] = "綽闊語",
["za"] = "壯語",
["zaa"] = "胡亞雷斯山薩波特克語",
["zab"] = "聖胡安格拉維亞薩波特克語",
["zac"] = "奧科特蘭薩波特克語",
["zad"] = "卡霍諾斯薩波特克語",
["zae"] = "亞雷尼薩波特克語",
["zaf"] = "阿約克斯科薩波特克語",
["zag"] = "札加瓦語",
["zah"] = "藏瓦爾語",
["zai"] = "地峽薩波特克語",
["zaj"] = "扎拉莫語",
["zak"] = "扎納基語",
["zal"] = "柔若語",
["zam"] = "米亞瓦特蘭薩波特克語",
["zao"] = "奧索洛特佩克薩波特克語",
["zap"] = "薩波特克語",
["zaq"] = "阿洛阿帕姆薩波特克語",
["zar"] = "林松薩波特克語",
["zas"] = "聖多明各阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語",
["zat"] = "塔巴薩波特克語",
["zau"] = "藏斯卡語",
["zav"] = "亞查奇薩波特克語",
["zaw"] = "米特拉薩波特克語",
["zax"] = "薩達尼薩波特克語",
["zay"] = "Zayse-Zergulla",
["zaz"] = "扎里語",
["zbt"] = "巴圖伊語",
["zca"] = "科亞特卡斯阿特拉斯薩波特克語",
["zdj"] = "大科摩羅語",
["zea"] = "澤蘭語",
["zeg"] = "澤納格語",
["zen"] = "澤納加語",
["zga"] = "金加語",
["zgh"] = "標準摩洛哥柏柏爾語",
["zgr"] = "馬戈里語",
["zh"] = "漢語",
["zhb"] = "扎壩語",
["zhi"] = "Zhire",
["zhn"] = "儂壯語",
["zhw"] = "Zhoa",
["zhx-min-pro"] = "原始閩語",
["zhx-sht"] = "韶州土話",
["zhx-sic"] = "四川話",
["zhx-tai"] = "台山話",
["zia"] = "齊阿語",
["zib"] = "津巴布韋手語",
["zik"] = "齊馬卡尼語",
["zil"] = "齊阿洛語",
["zim"] = "梅斯梅語",
["zin"] = "津扎語",
["zir"] = "齊里亞語",
["ziw"] = "齊古拉語",
["ziz"] = "齊齊利瓦坎語",
["zka"] = "坎布拉瓦語",
["zkb"] = "科伊巴爾語",
["zkd"] = "卡杜語",
["zkg"] = "高句麗語",
["zkh"] = "花剌子模突厥語",
["zkk"] = "卡蘭卡瓦語",
["zko"] = "科特語",
["zkp"] = "聖保羅坎剛語",
["zkr"] = "扎話",
["zkt"] = "契丹語",
["zku"] = "考爾納語",
["zkv"] = "克雷溫語",
["zkz"] = "可薩語",
["zle-ono"] = "古諾夫哥羅德語",
["zle-ort"] = "古盧森尼亞語",
["zls-chs"] = "教會斯拉夫語",
["zlw-ocs"] = "古捷克語",
["zlw-opl"] = "古波蘭語",
["zlw-osk"] = "古斯洛伐克語",
["zlw-slv"] = "斯洛溫語",
["zma"] = "曼達語 (澳洲)",
["zmb"] = "津巴語",
["zmc"] = "馬爾加尼語",
["zmd"] = "馬里丹語",
["zme"] = "曼格爾語",
["zmf"] = "姆菲努語",
["zmg"] = "Marti Ke",
["zmh"] = "馬科爾科爾語",
["zmi"] = "森美蘭馬來語",
["zmj"] = "馬里提亞賓語",
["zmk"] = "曼丹達尼語",
["zml"] = "馬德恩蓋萊語",
["zmm"] = "馬里馬寧迪語",
["zmn"] = "姆邦韋語",
["zmo"] = "莫洛語",
["zmp"] = "姆布溫語",
["zmq"] = "Mituku",
["zmr"] = "馬拉農庫語",
["zms"] = "姆貝薩語",
["zmt"] = "馬林加爾語",
["zmu"] = "穆魯瓦里語",
["zmv"] = "姆巴里曼-古丁馬語",
["zmw"] = "Mbo (Congo)",
["zmx"] = "博米塔巴語",
["zmy"] = "馬里耶迪語",
["zmz"] = "Mbandja",
["zna"] = "Zan Gula",
["zne"] = "贊德語",
["zng"] = "莽語",
["znk"] = "馬南卡利語",
["zns"] = "曼加斯語",
["zoc"] = "克派納拉索克語",
["zoh"] = "奇馬拉帕索克語",
["zom"] = "卓米語",
["zoo"] = "亞松森-米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
["zoq"] = "塔巴斯科索克語",
["zor"] = "拉永索克語",
["zos"] = "弗朗西斯科里昂索克語",
["zpa"] = "拉奇吉里薩波特克語",
["zpb"] = "亞烏特佩克薩波特克語",
["zpc"] = "喬亞潘薩波特克語",
["zpd"] = "東南伊斯特蘭薩波特克語",
["zpe"] = "佩塔帕薩波特克語",
["zpf"] = "聖佩德羅基亞托尼薩波特克語",
["zpg"] = "格韋亞德洪堡薩波特克語",
["zph"] = "托托馬查潘薩波特克語",
["zpi"] = "聖瑪利亞基耶戈拉尼薩波特克語",
["zpj"] = "基亞維庫薩斯薩波特克語",
["zpk"] = "特拉科盧利塔薩波特克語",
["zpl"] = "拉奇西奧薩波特克語",
["zpm"] = "米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
["zpn"] = "聖伊內斯亞切奇薩波特克語",
["zpo"] = "阿馬特蘭薩波特克語",
["zpp"] = "阿爾托薩波特克語",
["zpq"] = "蘇戈喬薩波特克語",
["zpr"] = "聖地亞哥薩尼卡薩波特克語",
["zps"] = "科亞特蘭薩波特克語",
["zpt"] = "聖比森特科亞特蘭薩波特克語",
["zpu"] = "亞拉拉格薩波特克語",
["zpv"] = "奇奇卡潘薩波特克語",
["zpw"] = "薩尼薩薩波特克語",
["zpx"] = "聖巴爾塔扎洛希查薩波特克語",
["zpy"] = "馬薩爾特佩克薩波特克語",
["zpz"] = "特斯梅盧坎薩波特克語",
["zra"] = "伽耶語",
["zrg"] = "米爾甘語",
["zrn"] = "濟連科爾語",
["zro"] = "扎巴拉語",
["zrs"] = "Mairasi",
["zsa"] = "薩拉西拉語",
["zsk"] = "Kaskean",
["zsl"] = "贊比亞手語",
["zsr"] = "南林松薩波特克語",
["zsu"] = "蘇庫魯姆語",
["zte"] = "埃洛特佩克薩波特克語",
["ztg"] = "薩那吉亞薩波特克語",
["ztl"] = "聖地亞哥拉帕吉亞薩波特克語",
["ztm"] = "聖阿古斯丁米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
["ztn"] = "聖卡塔里納阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語",
["ztp"] = "洛希查薩波特克語",
["ztq"] = "基奧基塔尼-基耶里薩波特克語",
["zts"] = "蒂爾基亞潘薩波特克語",
["ztt"] = "特哈拉潘薩波特克語",
["ztu"] = "古伊拉薩波特克語",
["ztx"] = "薩奇拉薩波特克語",
["zty"] = "亞蒂薩波特克語",
["zu"] = "祖魯語",
["zua"] = "Zeem",
["zuh"] = "Tokano",
["zum"] = "孔扎里語",
["zun"] = "祖尼語",
["zuy"] = "Zumaya",
["zwa"] = "扎伊語",
["zyp"] = "Zyphe",
["zza"] = "扎扎其語",
["zzj"] = "左江壯語",
}
5c5t9ihecbn27kz0kt4gk2e13kjkcnh
𛀆
0
1377657
9935798
8984858
2026-10-01T06:58:49Z
TongcyDai
53191
9935798
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|以|い|ゐ}}
{{character info}}
==日語==
===詞源===
{{ja-etym hentaigana|以}}
===音節===
{{ja-hentaigana|i|yi}}
# {{ja-hentaigana-def|yi}}
# 平假名音節{{變體假名字體|[[𛀆]]}} (yi)。它的片假名為{{變體假名字體|{{l|ja|𛄠}}}} (yi)。它在五十音中排第37位,位於[[や]]行[[い]]段 (ya行i段)。
=====使用說明=====
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}}是後人的發明。它大約發明於明治時期,並未見於日本古代文獻(古文獻使用的是{{w|萬葉假名}}),因此未被包含在{{w|歷史假名遣}}之中。
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}}的使用範圍主要侷限於語言學,代表一種純粹在語音學上用來特指口語中同位異音的標記方式,而非詞源學上根本的音位區別。與 {{l|ja|𛀁}} {{IPAchar|/je/}} 不同,音位 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 在日語發展的任何時期都不曾作為規範發音,而僅僅以同位異音的形式存在(儘管在原始日語中兩者可能是有區別的)。明治時代的語言學書籍主要將 {{lang|ja|𛀆}} 的使用歸納為以下幾種特定情況:
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}}:在某些特定情況下,古語和文言中的 {{lang|ja|き}} {{IPAchar|/ki/}} 演變為現代發音 {{lang|ja|い}} {{IPAchar|/i/}} 時發生了 {{IPAchar|/k/}} 的輔音弱化,此時它可能用來表示發音 {{IPAchar|/ʝi/}}。
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|し}}:類似於 {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}};為 {{IPAchar|/s/}} 的輔音弱化。
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|い}}:由於日語在規範上並不包含雙元音,而是全數採用{{w|元音間隙}},因此在其他元音過渡到 ''i''(例如從 ''a'' 到 ''i'')的一些快速轉換中,可能會因為發音較重,聽起來就像是半元音的硬顎近音({{IPAchar|/j/}})或擦音({{IPAchar|/ʝ/}})。
* 後來重新引入的 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 音在[[平假名]]中寫作 {{ja-l|いぃ}},在[[片假名]]中寫作 {{ja-l|イィ}};不過,大多數語者都將其讀為長音 {{IPAchar|/i/}}。
* 在明治時代的語法書中,{{lang|ja|𛀆}} 有時被用來拼寫{{lang|ja|や行上一段活用}}動詞以及{{lang|ja|や行上二段活用}}動詞。然而這並不普遍,僅部分書籍這樣使用。
{{col-top|2|包含古日語 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 的漢源詞}}
* {{ja-r|犀|さい}} ← {{ja-r|犀|さ𛀆|rom=sayi|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|犀|さい}}
{{col-bottom}}{{col-top|2|包含古日語 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 的日語原生詞}}
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}}
** {{ja-r|小さい|ちいさい}} ← {{ja-r|小さ𛀆|ちいさ𛀆|rom=chīsayi|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|小さき|ちひさき|rom=tifisaki|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|刃|やいば}} ← {{ja-r|刃|や𛀆ば|rom=yayiba|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|刃|やきば|rom=yakiba|linkto=}}
* 所有{{lang|ja|や行上一段活用}}動詞
** {{ja-r|射る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|射る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|鋳る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|鑄る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|沃る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|沃る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
* 所有{{lang|ja|や行上二段活用}}動詞
** {{ja-r|老い|おい}} ← {{ja-r|老𛀆|お𛀆|rom=oyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|悔い|くい}} ← {{ja-r|悔𛀆|く𛀆|rom=kuyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|報い|むくい}} ← {{ja-r|報𛀆|むく𛀆|rom=mukuyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|凍い|こい}} ← {{ja-r|凍𛀆|こ𛀆|rom=koyi|linkto=}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參見===
{{mul-script/Hira}}
{{古日語假名}}
nui9paaplstqbyu23z0zhabm9hhsavu
9935800
9935798
2026-10-01T06:59:22Z
TongcyDai
53191
9935800
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|以|い|ゐ}}
{{character info}}
==日語==
===詞源===
{{ja-etym hentaigana|以}}
===音節===
{{ja-hentaigana|i|yi}}
# {{ja-hentaigana-def|yi}}
# 平假名音節{{變體假名字體|[[𛀆]]}} (yi)。它的片假名為{{變體假名字體|{{l|ja|𛄠}}}} (yi)。它在五十音中排第37位,位於[[や]]行[[い]]段 (ya行i段)。
====使用說明====
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}}是後人的發明。它大約發明於明治時期,並未見於日本古代文獻(古文獻使用的是{{w|萬葉假名}}),因此未被包含在{{w|歷史假名遣}}之中。
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}}的使用範圍主要侷限於語言學,代表一種純粹在語音學上用來特指口語中同位異音的標記方式,而非詞源學上根本的音位區別。與 {{l|ja|𛀁}} {{IPAchar|/je/}} 不同,音位 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 在日語發展的任何時期都不曾作為規範發音,而僅僅以同位異音的形式存在(儘管在原始日語中兩者可能是有區別的)。明治時代的語言學書籍主要將 {{lang|ja|𛀆}} 的使用歸納為以下幾種特定情況:
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}}:在某些特定情況下,古語和文言中的 {{lang|ja|き}} {{IPAchar|/ki/}} 演變為現代發音 {{lang|ja|い}} {{IPAchar|/i/}} 時發生了 {{IPAchar|/k/}} 的輔音弱化,此時它可能用來表示發音 {{IPAchar|/ʝi/}}。
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|し}}:類似於 {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}};為 {{IPAchar|/s/}} 的輔音弱化。
** {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|い}}:由於日語在規範上並不包含雙元音,而是全數採用{{w|元音間隙}},因此在其他元音過渡到 ''i''(例如從 ''a'' 到 ''i'')的一些快速轉換中,可能會因為發音較重,聽起來就像是半元音的硬顎近音({{IPAchar|/j/}})或擦音({{IPAchar|/ʝ/}})。
* 後來重新引入的 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 音在[[平假名]]中寫作 {{ja-l|いぃ}},在[[片假名]]中寫作 {{ja-l|イィ}};不過,大多數語者都將其讀為長音 {{IPAchar|/i/}}。
* 在明治時代的語法書中,{{lang|ja|𛀆}} 有時被用來拼寫{{lang|ja|や行上一段活用}}動詞以及{{lang|ja|や行上二段活用}}動詞。然而這並不普遍,僅部分書籍這樣使用。
{{col-top|2|包含古日語 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 的漢源詞}}
* {{ja-r|犀|さい}} ← {{ja-r|犀|さ𛀆|rom=sayi|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|犀|さい}}
{{col-bottom}}{{col-top|2|包含古日語 {{IPAchar|/ji/}} 的日語原生詞}}
* {{lang|ja|𛀆}} ← {{lang|ja|き}}
** {{ja-r|小さい|ちいさい}} ← {{ja-r|小さ𛀆|ちいさ𛀆|rom=chīsayi|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|小さき|ちひさき|rom=tifisaki|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|刃|やいば}} ← {{ja-r|刃|や𛀆ば|rom=yayiba|linkto=}} ← {{ja-r|刃|やきば|rom=yakiba|linkto=}}
* 所有{{lang|ja|や行上一段活用}}動詞
** {{ja-r|射る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|射る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|鋳る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|鑄る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|沃る|いる}} ← {{ja-r|沃る|𛀆る|rom=yiru|linkto=}}
* 所有{{lang|ja|や行上二段活用}}動詞
** {{ja-r|老い|おい}} ← {{ja-r|老𛀆|お𛀆|rom=oyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|悔い|くい}} ← {{ja-r|悔𛀆|く𛀆|rom=kuyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|報い|むくい}} ← {{ja-r|報𛀆|むく𛀆|rom=mukuyi|linkto=}}
** {{ja-r|凍い|こい}} ← {{ja-r|凍𛀆|こ𛀆|rom=koyi|linkto=}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參見===
{{mul-script/Hira}}
{{古日語假名}}
1tgx5kykx3v41dglorosx7ctl0mkgac
Grundbirne
0
1379610
9934975
9545709
2026-09-30T16:12:02Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9934975
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===詞源===
源自 {{compound|de|Grund|t1=地|Birne|t2=梨}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁʊntˌbɪʁ.nə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Grundbirne.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|f}}
# {{lb|de|regional|Austria}} [[馬鈴薯]],[[土豆]]
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|f}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hu|krumpli|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|компир|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|компир|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lb|Gromper|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|кру̀мпӣр|кро̀мпӣр}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|krùmpīr|kròmpīr}}
* {{desc|sl|krompīr|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
{{C|de|馬鈴薯}}
qcwq71f9r8eqcnrz4mrqnb5nfmt6jnj
Сибирь
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==蒙古語==
{{wikipedia|lang=mn}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|mn|ru|Сиби́рь}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|mn|專有名詞|蒙古文|{{l|mn|ᠰᠢᠪᠢᠷᠢ}}}}
# [[西伯利亞]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|mn|Шивэр}} {{古}}
==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===詞源===
派生自{{w|西伯利亞韃靼人}}部落名稱{{l|unk||себер}}, {{l|unk||сыбыр}},意為「當地人」 (ыр = 人;國家; сибэ = 沖刷,衝積; 字面意思為"四散居住於此地的人")。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Сиби́рь}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Сибирь.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Сиби́рь|f|adj=сиби́рский|n=both}} {{tlb|ru|usually|uncountable}}
# [[西伯利亞]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Сиби́рь|f}}
{{ru-noun-table|old=1|Сиби́рь|f}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ru|сибиря́к|g=m}}, {{l|ru|сибиря́чка|g=f}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|hy|Սիբիր|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bua|Сибирь|bor=1}}
* {{desc|izh|Siberi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|Сибирь|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sah|Сибиир|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
4lyezungoqix54vw7na7lnlr5lzzlrz
خرما
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|خرما|tr=xurmâ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[xuɾˈmɑ]|[huɾˈmɑ]}}
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=hurma}}
# [[椰棗]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|hurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ady|хъурмэ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|hurmë}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|хурма́|t=柿子}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|фурма́}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|hurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|hurmaa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|χουρμάς}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|hurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|hurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|хурма́|t=柿子}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|хурма|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|hurma|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|хөрмә|t=椰棗;柿子}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|хурма́|t=柿子}}
{{C|ota|果實}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|fa|pal|tr=T<sup>g</sup>}} / {{l|pal|tr=hwlmʾk'|ts=xormā|t=椰棗}},可能源自{{l|pal||*harmāw}}。源自{{cog|arc|𐡕𐡌𐡓𐡉𐡍|tr=tmryn|g=p|t=椰棗}}。
對比{{cog|xpr|sc=Phlv|tr=hwlmʾk|ts=xurmāg}},{{l|xpr|sc=Phlv||tr=T<sup>g</sup>|ts=*amrāw}},均見於《{{w|en:Draxt ī Āsūrīg|Draxt ī Āsūrīg}}》。前者源自中古波斯語。後者對比摩尼帕提亞語{{l|xpr|sc=Mani|tr=ʾmrʾw|ts=amrāw}}和{{cog|xcl|արմաւ}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|x|u|r|ˈ|m|ā}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=xormâ|pl=خرماها}}
# [[椰棗]]
#* '''940-1020''', {{w|Ferdowsi}}, ''{{w|Shahnameh}}''
#*: {{ux|fa|بکن کار و کرده بیزدان سپار <br> بخرما چه یازی چو ترسی ز خار|tr=bukun kār u karda ba-yazdān sipār <br> ba-xurmā če yāzī ču tarsī zi xār}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|خرمالو|tr=xormâlu|gloss=柿子}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tg|хурмо}}
** {{desc|bor=1|uz|xurmo}}
* {{desc|chg|خرما|tr=hurma|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|خورما}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ხურმა}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hi|ख़ुरमा }}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|құрма}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|курма}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|kurma}}
** {{desc|id|kurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|խուրմայ}}
** {{desc|hy|խուրմա}}
* {{desc|bor=1|trk-oat|خرما|tr=hurma}} {{i|11–15世紀}}
** {{desc|az|xurma}}
** {{desctree|ota|خرما|tr=hurma}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|hurma}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie|xormā|page=94}}
* Henning. W. B. ('''1950'''), "[http://www.azargoshnasp.net/languages/Pahlavi/pahlavipoem.pdf A Pahlavi Poem]{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, Vol. 13, No. 3., page 645
* {{R:xcl:Korn:2013|page=81, note 39|passage=HENNING (1950, p. 645) notes that the Pth. form is amrāw as seen in “Man. ʾmrʾw, against Arm. armav”, and thus reads amrāw for the Arameogram Tg in the Draxt ī Asūrīg while MACIUSZAK (2007, p. 65, 125, 184) reads (the NP form) xormā on account of <hwlmʾk> occuring {{SIC}} some lines later in the text. ʾmrʾw is found in the unpublished fragment M 171 II R 10 (Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, pers. comm.). The relevant part of the fragment is partially broken off, though (see the photo at http://www.bbaw.de/forschung/turfanforschung/dta/m/images/m0171_seite2.jpg).}}
* [http://kumitaizabon.tj/?p=355 «КОРБУРДИ ВОЖАҲОИ ПОРТӢ ДАР ЗАБОНИ ФОРСИИ МИЁНА»], ''Номаи пажӯҳишгоҳ'', №1, 2001, с. 10-19. «портӣ amrāw=xurmāg «хурмо» (<harmāw =armāw [Hubschmann 1895, 111; Периханян1973, 440]."»
{{C|fa|果實}}
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gyömbér
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==匈牙利語==
{{wikipedia|lang=hu}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|hu|la-med|gingiber}} ← {{der|hu|la|zingiberī}} ← {{der|hu|grc|ζιγγίβερις}} ← {{der|hu|pra-sau|𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭}}, {{l|pra-sau|𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀯𑁂𑀭}} ← {{der|hu|sa|शृङ्गवेर}} ← {{der|hu|dra|-}}詞根,對比{{cog|ta|இஞ்சி||薑}} + {{l|ta|வேர்||根}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|gyöm|bér}}
===名詞===
{{hu-noun|ek}}
# [[薑]] (''[[Zingiber officinale]]'')
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|gyömbére|e|-}}{{hu-pos-etek|gyömbér||ei}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|hu|gyömbérsör}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mk|ѓумбир|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ђу̀мбӣр|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|đùmbīr|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|ďumbier|bor=1}}
{{分類|匈牙利語 香料}}
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Польша
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{{also|Польща}}
== 巴什基爾語 ==
{{swp|lang=ba}}
[[Image:Poland location map.svg|thumb|Польша]]
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ba|ru|По́льша}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|ba|專有名詞}}
# {{place|ba|國家|r/中歐|capital=華沙|t=波蘭}}
{{c|ba|波蘭}}
{{cln|ba|外名}}
==哈薩克語==
{{swp|lang=kk}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kk|ru|По́льша}}。
===專有名詞===
{{kk-proper noun}}
# {{place|kk|國家|r/中歐|capital=華沙|t=波蘭}}
{{c|kk|波蘭}}
{{cln|kk|外名}}
== 茲梁科米語 ==
===專有名詞===
{{head|kpv|專有名詞}}
# {{place|kpv|國家|r/中歐|capital=華沙|t=波蘭}}
{{c|kpv|波蘭}}
{{cln|kpv|外名}}
==吉爾吉斯語==
{{swp|lang=ky}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ky|ru|По́льша}}。
===專有名詞===
{{ky-prop}}
# {{place|ky|國家|r/中歐|capital=華沙|t=波蘭}}
====變格====
{{ky-decl-noun-sg}}
{{c|ky|波蘭}}
{{cln|ky|外名}}
==俄語==
{{swp|lang=ru}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ru|zle-mru|Польша}}(1560年代),可能經由古盧森尼亞語(參見{{cog|uk|По́льща}} 和{{cog|be|По́льшча}};亦參見{{cog|rue|По́льско}}),來自中古{{der|ru|pl||w Polszcze|t=在波蘭}},來自{{m|pl|Polska}},來自{{der|ru|zlw-opl|Polska}},來自{{der|pl|sla-pro|*poľьskъ|*poľьska}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|По́льша}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Польша.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|По́льша|adj=по́льский}}
# {{place|ru|國家|r/中歐|capital=華沙|t=波蘭}}
#: {{uxi|ru|[[республика|Респу́блика]] '''По́льша'''|'''波蘭'''共和國}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|По́льша|n=sg}}
{{ru-noun-table|old=1|По́льша|n=sg}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|ru|поля́к}}, {{l|ru|по́лька}}
* {{l|ru|по́льский}}
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|az|Polşa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|Польша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|Польша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|Польш|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠫᠤᠯᠱᠠ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|Полша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|Польша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|Polşa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|پولشا|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|Polsha|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
{{list:countries in Europe/ru}}
===來源===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|Польша}}
{{topics|ru|波蘭}}
{{cln|ru|外名}}
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主體思想
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=主体思想|type=22}}
{{zh-wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhǔtǐ sīxiǎng
|c=zyu2 tai2 si1 soeng2
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|communism}} [[朝鮮民主主義人民共和國]]的[[國家]][[意識形態]]
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|朝鮮國家意識形態}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|زُوتْشِيَّة|f}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t|bg|чучхе|f}}
* 捷克語:{{t|cs|Čučche|f}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|Juche}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|Ĵuĉe}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|chuch'e}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t|fi|juche-aate}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|ჩუჩხე}}
* 德語:{{t|de|Chuch’e|f}}
* 希臘語:{{t|el|Θέμα}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|主体|tr=しゅたい, shutai}}、{{t|ja|チュチェ|tr=chuche}}、{{t|ja|主体思想|tr=しゅたいしそう, shutai-shisō}}、{{t|ja|チュチェ思想|tr=chuche-shisō}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|주체(主體)}}、{{t|ko|주체사상(主體思想)}}
* 立陶宛語:{{t|lt|Čučhė}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|Џуче|f}}
* 波斯語:{{t|fa|جوچه}}
* 波蘭語:{{t|pl|dżucze|n}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|juche|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t|ro|Ciuce}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|чучхе́|f}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|Џуче|f|sc=Cyrl}}
*: 羅馬字母:{{t|sh|Džuče|f}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|juche|m}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|чучхе|f}}
* 越南語:{{t|vi|tư tưởng chủ thể}} ({{t|vi|[[思想]][[主體]]}})、{{t+|vi|chủ thể}} ({{t|vi|主體}})
{{trans-bottom}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|し|そう|yomi=o}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいしそう}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|主体思想}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hj|hangeul=주체사상}}
# {{hanja form of|주체사상|}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=主体思想|type=22}}
{{zh-wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhǔtǐ sīxiǎng
|c=zyu2 tai2 si1 soeng2
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|communism}} [[朝鮮民主主義人民共和國]]的[[國家]][[意識形態]]
====翻譯====
{{trans-top|朝鮮國家意識形態}}
* 阿拉伯語:{{t|ar|زُوتْشِيَّة|f}}
* 保加利亞語:{{t|bg|чучхе|f}}
* 捷克語:{{t|cs|Čučche|f}}
* 英語:{{t+|en|Juche}}
* 世界語:{{t|eo|Ĵuĉe}}
* 愛沙尼亞語:{{t|et|chuch'e}}
* 芬蘭語:{{t|fi|juche-aate}}
* 格魯吉亞語:{{t|ka|ჩუჩხე}}
* 德語:{{t|de|Chuch’e|f}}
* 希臘語:{{t|el|Θέμα}}
* 日語:{{t+|ja|主体|tr=しゅたい, shutai}}、{{t|ja|チュチェ|tr=chuche}}、{{t|ja|主体思想|tr=しゅたいしそう, shutai-shisō}}、{{t|ja|チュチェ思想|tr=chuche-shisō}}
* 朝鮮語:{{t+|ko|주체(主體)}}、{{t|ko|주체사상(主體思想)}}
* 立陶宛語:{{t|lt|Čučhė}}
* 馬其頓語:{{t|mk|Џуче|f}}
* 波斯語:{{t|fa|جوچه}}
* 波蘭語:{{t|pl|dżucze|n}}
* 葡萄牙語:{{t+|pt|juche|m}}
* 羅馬尼亞語:{{t|ro|Ciuce}}
* 俄語:{{t+|ru|чучхе́|f}}
* 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
*: 西里爾字母:{{t|sh|Џуче|f|sc=Cyrl}}
*: 羅馬字母:{{t|sh|Džuče|f}}
* 西班牙語:{{t+|es|juche|m}}
* 烏克蘭語:{{t|uk|чучхе|f}}
* 越南語:{{t|vi|tư tưởng chủ thể}} ({{t|vi|[[思想]][[主體]]}})、{{t+|vi|chủ thể}} ({{t|vi|主體}})
{{trans-bottom}}
{{c|zh|朝鮮|主體思想}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|し|そう|yomi=o}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいしそう}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|主体思想}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hj|hangeul=주체사상}}
# {{hanja form of|주체사상|}}
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sátor
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{{also|sator|šator}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
源自一{{bor|hu|trk|-}}語言;對比{{cog|tr|çadır}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{audio|hu|Hu-sátor.ogg|音頻}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|sá|tor}}
===名詞===
{{hu-noun|pl=sátrak}}
# [[帳篷]]
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|sátra|o|stem2=sátor}}{{hu-pos-atok|sátr||ai}}{{hu-pos-otok|sátor||ai}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|hu|sátorfa}}
* {{l|hu|sátoroz}}
{{i|複合詞}}:
* {{l|hu|fóliasátor}}
* {{l|hu|oxigénsátor}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|шатор}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|šator}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|шатор}}
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چهره
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{{also|چہرہ}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|𐭰𐭧𐭫𐭪𐭩}} ← {{der|fa|iir-pro|*čitrám}} ← {{der|fa|ine-pro||*key-tróm}} ← {{l|ine-pro|*key-||明亮的,灼燒的}}。與{{cog|sa|चित्र}}同源。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|č|i|h|r|a}}
{{fa-regional|چهره|جهره|чеҳра}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=čehre|pl=چهرهها|pltr=čehre-hâ}}
# [[容貌]]
# [[臉]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|চেহেৰা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|çöhrə|sc=Latn|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|চেহারা|tr=|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ચહેરો|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語族:
** {{desc|hi|चेहरा}}
** {{desc|ur|چہرہ|tr=cehra}}
* {{desc|pa|ਚਿਹਰਾ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|چهره|sc=ota-Arab|tr=çehre|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|çehre}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|чехра|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|čehra|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ug|چىراي|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|fa|صورت|tr=surat}}
[[Category:波斯語 解剖學]]
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==波斯語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alt|fa|فولاد|tr=fulâd}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal|tr=pwlʾpt'|sc=Phlv}}, {{l|pal|𐫛𐫇𐫓𐫀𐫇𐫅|ts=pōlāwad|sc=Mani}}。與伊朗語族借詞{{cog|xcl|պողովատ}}, {{l|xcl|պողոպատ}}同源。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fa|[pʰoːˈlɒːð]|[pʰoːˈlɒːd]|a=古典波斯語}}
* {{IPA|fa|[pʰoːˈlɒːd]|a=達里語}}
* {{IPA|fa|[pʰuːˈlɒːd]|a=伊朗}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=pulâd}}
{{fa-regional|پولاد|پولاد|пӯлод}}
# [[鋼]]
====派生詞====
{{der2|fa|{{l|fa|پولادی|tr=pulâdI}}|{{l|fa|پولادین|tr=pulâdin}}|{{l|fa|پولادوار|tr=pulâd-vâr}}|{{l|fa|پولادریز|tr=pulâd-riz}}|{{l|fa|پولادریزی|tr=pulâd-rizi}}|{{l|fa|پولادگداز|tr=pulâd-godâz}}|{{l|fa|پولادگدازی|tr=pulâd-godâzi}}|{{l|fa|پولادسنج|tr=pulâd-sanj}}|{{l|fa|پولادمیخ|tr=pulâd-mix}}|{{l|fa|پولادنعل|tr=pulâd-na'l}}|{{l|fa|پولادپوش|tr=pulâd-puš}}|{{l|fa|پولادرنگ|tr=pulâd-rang}}|{{l|fa|پولادسای|tr=pulâd-sây}}|{{l|fa|پولادخای|tr=pulâd-xây}}|{{l|fa|پولاددست|tr=pulâd-dast}}|{{l|fa|پولادبازو|tr=pulâd-bâzu}}|{{l|fa|پولادرگ|tr=pulâd-rag}}|{{l|fa|پولادسم|tr=pulâd-som}}|{{l|fa|پولادسنب|tr=pulâd-sonb}}}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|فُولَاذ|بُولَاد}}
** {{desc|xaa|فُولَاذ}}
** {{desc|arz|بولاد|tr=bulād}}
* → 亞拉姆語:
** {{desc|syc|ܦܘܠܕ|tr=pūlāḏ}}
* {{desc|az|polad|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|Булат|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bua|булад|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg||bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|-}}
**: {{desc|ug|پولات|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ug|полат|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|uz|-}}
**: {{desc|uz|пўлат|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|uz|poʻlat|sclang=1}}
* {{desctree|ka|ფოლადი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પોલાદ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|פלדה|tr=pladá|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|بولات|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kk|болат|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ky|болот|bor=1}}
* {{desc|axm|փոլատ|փօլատ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|xng||bor=1}}
** {{desc|cmg|ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ}}
*** {{desc|mn|-}}
***: {{desc|mn|ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|mn|болд|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|zh|孛羅|tr=Bóluó|bor=1}}
** {{desc|xwo|ᡋᡆᠯᡆᡑ|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|xal|болд}}
* {{desc|os|болат|bor=1}} {{qualifier|via Turkic}}
* {{desc|ru|булат|bor=1}} {{qualifier|via Turkic}}
** {{desc|en|bulat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|پولاد|tr=pûlâd, polâd|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|polat}}
* Siberian Turkic (via Kipchak or Mongolic):
** {{desc|kjh|молат|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cjs|молат|tr=molat|bor=1}}
** {{desc|atv|полот|bor=1}}
** {{desc|kim|болат|tr=bolat|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tyv|болат|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|polat|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===專有名詞===
{{fa-proper noun|tr=Pôlâd}}
# {{分類|波斯語男子名}} ''男子名''。
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ba|Булат|bor=1}}, {{l|ba|Бикбулат}}
* {{desc|tr|Polat|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie|pōlāwad|page=69}}
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==拉丁語==
[[Image:Lamb first steps.jpg|thumb|agnus (a lamb)]]
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*h₂egʷnós}}。與{{cog|grc|ἀμνός}}, {{cog|cu|агнѧ}}, {{cog|ang|ēanian}} ({{cog|en|yean}}), {{cog|sq|enjë}}等同源。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-agnus2.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
* {{audio|la|La-cls-agnus.ogg|音頻 (教會)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|agnus<2.genplum>}}
# [[羊羔]](尤指作為祭品)
#: {{ux|la|'''Agnus''' absque [[macula|maculā]].|沒有疤痕的'''羊羔'''。}}
#: {{ux|la|Villa abundat porco, haedo, '''agno'''.|農場裡有很多豬,小山羊,還有'''綿羊仔'''。}}
#: {{ux|la|Ecce [[Agnus Dei|'''Agnus''' Dei]].|Behold the [[Lamb of God|'''Lamb''' of God]].}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|agnus<2.genplum>}}
====派生詞====
{{der2|la
|agnellus
|Agnus Deī
|agnum lupo eripere velle
|agnus Phrixēus
|agnīnus
|agniculus
|agna
|agnulus
|agnicellus
|agnicellulus
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gl|año}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|اَوْنَالّه|tr=aunellu|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|אונאֵללו|tr=aunellu|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pt|anho}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:NLW}}
* {{R:la:OLD|2|agnus|97/2}}
==立陶宛語==
===詞源===
{{PIE root|lt|h₂eǵ}}
非成詞詞根 ''*ag-''(“騎”)的形容詞形,參見{{cog|sga|án||快的}} < ''*ag-nos'', {{cog|sa|अजिर||快的,敏捷的}}。源自{{cog|ine-pro|*h₂eǵ-||騎}};對比{{cog|sga|aigid}}, {{cog|sa|अजति}}。可能在鼻音前有去腭音化<ref>{{xlit|ru|Юрий Владимирович Откупщиков}} ('''1967''') ''{{xlit|ru|Из истории индоевропейского словообразования}}'' [From the History of Indo-European Word Formation], page 227</ref>
Vasmer認為與{{ncog|ru|яглый||活躍的,活力的}}之間無直接聯繫。<ref>{{R:ru:Vasmer|яглый}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{IPA|lt|/ɐɡˈnʊs/}}
===形容詞===
{{head|lt|形容詞|head=agnùs|g=m|陰性|agnì|中性|agnù}}(重音型4)
# {{qual|薩莫吉提亞}} [[靈活]]的,[[機敏]]的
====變格====
{{lt-adj-us-4|agn|ãgn}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|lt|agnumas}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{also|Sanctus}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{l|la|sanciō||神聖化}}的完成被動分詞。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|sānctus|eccl=yes}}
===分詞===
{{head|la|分詞|head=sānctus|陰性|sāncta|中性|sānctum|比較級|sānctior|最高級|sānctissimus}}
# [[神聖]]的,不可[[褻瀆]]的
# [[聖潔]]的,[[敬重]]的
#* 4th century, [[w:圣杰罗姆|St Jerome]], [[w:en:Vulgate|Vulgate]], [[Tobit]] 3:25
#*: {{quote|la|et missus est angelus Domini '''sanctus''' Rafahel ut curaret ambos quorum uno tempore fuerat oratio in conspectu Domini recitata|主的'''聖'''天使拉斐爾被派去治癒他們兩人,他們的祈禱一度在主的面前被反覆吟誦。}}
====變格====
{{la-adecl|sānctus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|sānctus<2>}}
# {{qual|晚期拉丁語}} [[聖人]]
#: {{ux|la|Dorothy Day erat sancta viva.|多蘿西·戴就是聖人在世。}}
# {{qual|晚期拉丁語}} 官方認定的英雄
#: {{ux|la|Kateri Tekakwitha sancta proclamata est.|Kateri Tekakwitha was proclaimed a saint.}}
# {{qual|晚期拉丁語}} 聖(頭銜),常大寫
#: Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyr
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|sānctus<2>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|shenjtë}}
* {{desc|rup|sãntu}}, {{l|rup|sãmtu}}
* {{desc|ast|santu}}
* {{desc|ca|sant}}
* {{desc|co|santu}}
* {{desc|dlm|suant}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|Sankt}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|Sint}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|saint}}
* {{desc|ext|santu}}
* {{desc|fr|saint}}
* {{desc|fur|sant}}
* {{desc|gl|santo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Sankt}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|San}}
* {{desc|ist|santo}}
* {{desc|it|santo}}
* {{desc|lld|sant}}, {{l|lld|sent}}
* {{desc|roa-leo|santu}}
* {{desc|lij|sànto}}
* {{desc|mwl|santo}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|شّانْته|tr=šantu|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|שׁאנתו|tr=šantu|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|nrf|saint}}
* {{desc|oc|sant}}
* {{desc|pro|sant}}
* {{desc|pms|sant}}
* {{desc|pt|santo}}, {{l|pt|são}}
* {{desc|ro|sânt}}
* {{desc|rm|sontg}}, {{l|rm|sogn}}, {{l|rm|son}}, {{l|rm|sench}}, {{l|rm|sonch}}
* {{desc|sc|santu}}
* {{desc|scn|santu}}
* {{desc|es|santo}}, {{l|es|san}}
** {{desc|bor=1|tl|santo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|Sankt}}
* {{desc|vec|santo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cy|sant}}
{{bottom}}
===派生詞===
* {{l|la|sāncta}}
* {{l|la|sānctificātiō}}
* {{l|la|sānctificō}}
* {{l|la|sānctimōnia}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
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==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他寫法===
* {{l|fa|کهربای|tr=kahrobây}}
* {{l|fa|کهرباء|tr=kahrobâ'}}
* {{l|fa|کاهربا|tr=kâhrobâ}}
===詞源===
源自{{l|fa|کهربای|tr=kahrobây}} ← {{inh|fa|pal|khlpʾd|tr=kah-rubāy||琥珀}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|kahrubā|tg=kahrabā}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=kahrobâ}}
# [[琥珀]]
#: {{syn|fa|عنبر<tr:'anbar>|بیجاده<tr:bijâde>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|کهربایی|tr=kahrobâyi}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tg|каҳрабо}}
** {{desc|uz|qahrabo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ady|кӏэхьрэбэ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ar|كَهْرَبَاء|كَهْرَمَان|bor=1}}
* {{desc|aii|ܟܲܗܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|kəhrəba|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|гәрәбә|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ka|ქარვა|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|કેરબો|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|कहरुवा}}
*: {{desc|ur|کہربا|tr=kahrubā}}
* {{desc|ms|kahrab|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|kahrab}}
* {{desc|axm|քահրիպար|քարուպայ|քարուպա|քարուպար|քահրիպայ|քահրապա|քահրուբար|քահրուպայ|քահրուպար|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|քահրիբար|alts=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|كهربا|tr=kehrüba|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਕਹਰੁਵਾ}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|کہربا|tr=kahrubā}}
* {{desc|sw|kaharabu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|гәрәбә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|قەھرىۋا|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie:1971|kah-rubāy|page=48}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*antīkʷos}} ← {{inh|la|ine-pro||*h₂énti-h₃kʷós|以前的}} ← {{l|ine-pro|*h₂énti}}({{l|ine-pro|*h₂ent-||前面}}的方位格單數) + {{l|ine-pro|*h₃ekʷ-||眼;看見}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|antīquus}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-antiquus.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|antīquus|comp=antīquior|sup=antīquissimus}}
# [[古]]的,[[舊]]的
# [[年老]]的
# [[以前]]的
# [[德高望重]]的
# [[經典]]的,[[古典]]的,[[傳統的]]
====變格====
{{la-adecl|antīquus}}
====相關詞彙====
{{der3|la|ante|antīquārius|antīquē|antīquitās|antīquitus|antīquō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|af|antiek}}
* {{desc|an|antigo}}
* {{desc|ast|antiguu}}
* {{desc|ca|antic}}
* {{desc|nl|antiek}}
* {{desc|en|antique}}, {{l|en|antic}}
* {{desc|eo|antikva}}
* {{desc|ext|antíguu}}
* {{desc|fr|antique}}
* {{desc|fur|antîc}}
* {{desc|gl|antigo}}
* {{desc|de|antik}}
{{mid3}}
* {{desc|hu|antik}}
* {{desc|id|antik}}
* {{desc|ist|anteîco}}
* {{desc|it|antico}}
* {{desc|lad|antigo}}
* {{desc|lb|antik}}
* {{desc|mwl|antigo}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|أَنْتيکٌه|tr=anticuu|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|אנתיִכוו|tr=anticuu|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|nap|antìc}}
* {{desc|fro|antic}}, {{l|fro|antive}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|antigo}}
* {{desc|osp|antigo}}
{{mid3}}
* {{desc|pt|antigo}}
* {{desc|ro|antic}}
* {{desc|scn|anticu}}
* {{desc|sh|àntik}}
* {{desc|es|antiguo}}
* {{desc|sv|antik}}
* {{desc|tr|antik}}
* {{desc|vec|antico}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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==因特語==
===名詞===
{{ia-noun}}
# [[蜘蛛]]
==拉丁語==
[[File:Gartenkreuzspinne2.jpg|thumb|200px|arānea]]
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|grc|ἀράχνη}}或與其同一來源。派生詞:{{l|la|arāneus||蜘蛛}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|arānea}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-aranea.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|arānea<1>}}
# [[蜘蛛]]
# [[蜘蛛網]]
# {{喻}} 似蜘蛛網的[[線]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|arānea<1>}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|蜘蛛}} {{l|la|arāneus}}
* {{sense|蜘蛛網}} {{l|la|arāneum}}
====派生詞====
{{der2|la|{{l|la|arāneola||小蜘蛛}}
|{{l|la|arāneōsus||蛛網般的}}}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|arāneans}}
* {{l|la|arāneolus}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|arāneum}}
* {{l|la|arāneus}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{hcol|3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語:
** {{desc|rup|arãnji|rãnji}}
** {{desc|ruq|rănă}}
** {{desc|ro|râie}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|aragna}}
** {{desc|it|aragna|ragna}}
** {{desc|nap}}
**: 阿普利亞:{{desc|nap|aragna|regna|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|scn|rugna}}
**: 卡拉布里亞:{{desc|scn|ragna|nolang=1}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc}}
*** {{desc|sc-sro|arangia|arrungia|rungia|orrungia}}
*** {{desc|sc-src|ranza|runza}}
* 北意大利語支:
** {{desc|egl|râgna}}
** {{desc|fur|rogne}}
** {{desc|roa-gis|raja}}
** {{desc|lij|ägna}}
**: 摩納哥:{{desc|lij|aragna|nolang=1}}
**: 西部:{{desc|lij|ragna|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|rgn|râgna}}
** {{desc|vec|rogna}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|roa-oca|aranya}}
*** {{desc|ca|aranya|ronya}}
** {{desc|pro|aranha|eranha}}
*** {{desc|oc|aranha}}
** {{desc|frp|aragne}}
** {{desc|fro|araigne|ireigne|roigne}}
*** {{desc|frm|araigne|hyraigne|rongne}}
**** {{desc|fr|aragne|araigne|rogne}}
*** {{desc|roa-gal|irâgne}}
*** {{desc|roa-lor|airaigne}}
*** {{desc|roa-poi|éregne|érogne|aregne|iragne|urogne}}
*** {{desc|pcd|aronne}}
*** {{desc|wa|araegne}}
*** {{desctree|enm|arayne|bor=1|noalts=1}}
** {{desc|fro|der=1|areignee}}
*** {{desc|frm|araignee}}
**** {{desc|fr|araignée}}
***** {{desc|ht|areye|zariyen}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|araina}}
** {{desc|roa-ole}}
*** {{desc|ast|araña}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|aranna}}
** {{desctree|osp|aranna}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|ang|renġe|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eo|araneo|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ia|aranea|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
[[Category:拉丁語 節肢動物]]
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bestia
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{{also|Bestia|bèstia|bestią}}
==阿拉貢語==
===名詞===
{{head|an|名詞|g=f|複數|bestias}}
# [[野獸]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:DBLA}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{prefix|ca|bes|tia}}
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ca-noun|f}}
# [[姑奶奶]]
===參見===
* {{l|ca|besoncle}}
[[Category:加泰羅尼亞語 家庭]]
==意大利語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|it|la|bēstia}}。與繼承詞{{l|it|biscia}}同源。
===發音===
* {{IPA|it|/ˈbestja/}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# [[野獸]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|it|bestia da soma}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|it|bestiale}}
* {{l|it|bestiario}}
* {{l|it|biscia}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|bestie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|бѐштија|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bèštija|alts=1}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|it|basite}}
* {{l|it|beasti}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
來源不明。可能源自{{der|la|ine-pro|-}} {{l|ine-pro|*dʰwēstiā}},源自詞根{{l|ine-pro||dʰwēs-|t=呼吸}}(對比{{cog|got|𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃}} ← {{l|ine-pro|*dʰus-|t=呼吸}}),但不能確定,因為這樣拉丁語中頭音本應為 ''f''- 。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|bēstia}}
* {{la-IPA|bēstiā}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|bēstia<1>}}
# [[野獸]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|bēstia<1>}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|la|bēlua }}
====派生詞====
{{der3|la|bēstiālis
|{{l|la|bēstiārius||鬥獸場中與野獸搏擊的人}}
|{{l|la|bēstiola}}}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ast|bestia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|bestie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fur|bestie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Bestie}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|it|bestia}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|fro|beste}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|sga|píast}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pro|-}}
** {{desc|ca|bèstia}}
** {{desc|oc|bèstia}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|roa-opt|besta}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|bestia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rm|bestga}}, {{l|rm|biestg}}, {{l|rm|bestia}}, {{l|rm|bes-cha}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|бестия}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|beštia}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|es|bestia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vec|bestia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|בעסטיע}}
* {{desc|der=1|la-vul|bīstia}}
** {{desc|egl|bìsa|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ist|bies'cia}}
** {{desc|it|biscia}}
** {{desctree|fro|bisse}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|bescha}}
** {{desc|osp|-}}
*** {{desc|es|bicho}}, {{l|es|bicha}}
** Rhaeto-Romance:
*** {{desc|fur|bis}}, {{l|fur|bise}}
** {{desc|rgn|bìssa}}
** {{desc|vec|bisa|alts=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|bishë}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun-form|bēstiā}}
# {{inflection of|la|{{l|la|bēstia}}||abl|s}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
* {{R:itc:EDL|head=bestia|page=71}}
* {{R:la:EM|page=69b}}
* {{R:la:WH|vol=I|page=102}}
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=I|269}}
==古葡萄牙語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|roa-opt|/ˈbes̺.tja/}}
===名詞===
{{head|roa-opt|名詞|g=f}}
# 同{{l|roa-opt|besta}}。
==帕皮阿門托語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|pap|pt|besta}},{{der|pap|es|bestia}}。
===名詞===
{{head|pap|名詞}}
# [[野獸]]
# [[動物]]
==波蘭語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|pl|la|bēstia}}<ref name="bruckner">{{R:pl:Bruckner|entry=bestja}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{pl-pr|a=Pl-bestia.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{pl-noun|f|dim=bestyjka}}
# [[野獸]]
====變格====
{{pl-decl-noun|bestia|bestie|bestii|bestii/bestyj|bestii|bestiom|bestię|bestie|bestią|bestiami|bestii|bestiach|bestio|bestie}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:PWN}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===名詞===
{{head|ro|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|ro|[[bestie]]||定|nom|s}}
# {{inflection of|ro|[[bestie]]||定|acc|s}}
==羅曼什語==
===其他寫法===
* {{qualifier|Rumantsch Grischun|Sursilvan}} {{l|rm|biestg}}
* {{qualifier|Rumantsch Grischun|Sursilvan}} {{l|rm|bestga}}
* {{qualifier|Puter|Vallader}} {{l|rm|bes-cha}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|rm|la|bēstia}}。
===名詞===
{{head|rm|名詞|g=f|複數|bestias}}
# {{qual|Sursilvan}} [[動物]]
====近義詞====
* {{qualifier|Rumantsch Grischun|Sursilvan|Sutsilvan|Surmiran|Vallader}} {{l|rm|animal}}
* {{qualifier|Sursilvan}} {{l|rm|tier}}
[[Category:羅曼什語 動物]]
==西班牙語==
===詞源===
可能借自{{bor|es|la|bēstia}}。對比{{cog|en|beast}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|es|/ˈbestja/}}
===名詞===
{{es-noun|f}}
# [[野獸]]
# [[動物]]
# {{貶}} [[殘暴]]的人
====下位詞====
* {{l|es|bestia de carga}}
====派生詞====
{{der2|es
|a lo bestia
|bestia negra
}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|es|bestial}}
* {{l|es|bestiario}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pap|bestia}}
==威尼斯語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|vec|la|bestia}}。{{l|vec|bìsa}}的雙詞。
===名詞===
{{vec-noun|besti|f|a|e}}
# [[動物]]
# [[野獸]]
# [[昆蟲]]
1ld21m938a8u6ukclkj9gpiubxszj84
χαρτί
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==希臘語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|el|grc-koi|χαρτίον}},{{l|grc|χάρτης}}的指小詞。
===發音===
* {{IPA|el|/xaɾˈti/}}
* {{hyphenation|el|χα|ρτί}}
===名詞===
{{el-noun|n|chartí|χαρτιά}}
# [[紙]]
====變格====
{{el-nN-ι-ια-1|χαρτ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|hartë}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|hãrtii|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|хартия}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|хартија}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|hârtie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|хартия}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|хартија}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|hartija}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|el|χάρτης|g=m||地圖}}
* {{l|el|χαρτί κουζίνας|g=n||紙巾}}
* {{l|el|χαρτί υγείας|g=n||廁紙}}
* {{l|el|χαρτοπωλείο|g=n||文具店}}
* {{l|el|χαρτοφύλακας|g=m||公文包}}
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crétin
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{{also|cretin}}
==法語==
===詞源===
可能與{{l|fr|chrétien|t=基督徒}}同源,源自{{der|fr|la|Christianus}}(類似法蘭克-普羅旺斯語的音變)。可能源自瑞士/阿爾卑斯地區的方言,該地曾是呆小症的集中發病地區。也與某些表示基督徒、農民、頭腦簡單者、“不幸的人”的詞有關(參見{{l|fr|benêt}}, {{l|fr|innocent}})。對比羅曼什語{{l|rm|carstgaun||人}}, 那不勒斯意大利語{{l|it|cristiano||傢伙}}, 那不勒斯語{{l|nap|crestiano}}, 西西里語{{l|scn|cristianu||人}}, 葡萄牙語{{l|pt|cristão||靈,人}}, 西班牙語{{l|es|cristiano||傢伙}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-crétin.wav|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m|f=crétine}}
# [[呆小症]]患者 {{defdate|自1750年}}
# {{貶}} [[傻瓜]] {{defdate|自1835年}}
===形容詞===
{{fr-adj}}
# {{貶}} [[傻]]的
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|kretén}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|creten}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|cretin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|kretiini}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Kretin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|κρετίνος}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|kretén}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|cretino}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|kretyn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|cretino}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|кретин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|кретен}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|kreten}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|kritin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|cretino}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|cintre}}
* {{l|fr|cirent}}
* {{l|fr|crient}}
[[Category:法語 人]]
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clavis
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==英語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|en|la|clāvis}}。參見{{l|en|clef}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈklæv.ɪs/|a=UK,US}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|+|claves}}
# [[羅馬]]時期的[[鑰匙]]
#* '''1873''', "Proceedings", April 9th, ''Journal of the British Archaeological Association'', '''29''': 202
#*: Iron '''''clavis''''', the solid web-shaped at the edges to fit the wards in the lock, and having a pointed broach and a kite-formed looped haft.
# 約束手的器具
#* '''1904''', Luther V. Bell, quoted in ''The Arena'', '''32''': 540
#*: His hands were restrained by means of a '''''clavis''''' and ''bolt'' (of iron), appropriated to each wrist, and united by a padlock.
# 術語表
#* '''1784''', William Cowper, ''in'' [1836] Robert Southey (ed.), ''The Works of William Cowper, with a Life of the Author'', volume V, page 54
#*: Homer, with a '''clavis''', I have had possession of some years.
# {{生}} {{rfdef}}
#* '''1921''', ''Journal of Botany'' '''59''': 180
#*: There are many disadvantages in using a '''clavis''' intended for another country, which necessarily includes plants that are absent from our islands while it omits some that are present and neglects the peculiarities of our island flora.
====近義詞====
* {{sense|羅馬時期的鑰匙}} {{l|en|key}}
* {{sense|約束手的器具}} {{l|en|shackles}}
* {{sense|術語表}} {{l|en|glossary}}, {{l|en|idioticon}}, {{l|en|vocabulary}}
* {{生}} {{l|en|conspectus}}, {{l|en|key}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|en|clavichord}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acilsv|Slavic|cavils}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|clavar}}
==拉丁語==
[[File:Llave bronce.jpg|thumb|'''clāvis''']]
===詞源===
{{PIE root|la|(s)kleh₂w}}
源自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*klāwis}}。或派生自{{der|la|ine-pro|*(s)kleh₂w-|*kleh₂u-|釘子,大頭釘,用來鎖門的鉤子樣的器具}},參見{{l|la|clāvus|t=釘子}}(可能借自{{der|la|grc|κλείς}})。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|clāvis}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-clavis.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|clāvis<3.acc-em-im.abl-e-i>|g=f}}
# [[鑰匙]]
#* {{Q|la|Livy|Ab Urbe Condita|24|quote=Post hanc orationem '''claves''' portarum pecuniaeque regiae ante pedes eorum posuit.|trans=After this discourse he laid the '''keys''' of the gates and of the royal treasure at their feet.}}
#* {{Q|la|Jerome|Vulgate|Iudicum|3|25|quote={{...|expectantesque diu donec erubescerent}} et videntes quod nullus aperiret tulerunt '''clavem''' et aperientes invenerunt dominum suum iacentem in terra mortuum|trans={{...|And they tarried till they were ashamed,}} and, behold, he did not open the doors; therefore they took a '''key''' and opened [the doors] to enter [but] their lord was lying dead on the ground.}}
# 旋緊[[螺絲]]的[[桿]]
#* {{Q|la|Cato the Elder|Agri|13|quote={{...}} seriam vinariam unam, '''clavem''' torculari I {{...}}}}
====使用注意====
勿與{{l|la|clāva||击棍}}或{{l|la|clāvus||釘子}}混淆。
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|clāvis<3.acc-em-im.abl-e-i>}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|clāvicārius}}
* {{l|la|clāvichordium}}
* {{l|la|clāvicula}}
* {{l|la|clāviger}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|clāvis aurea}}
* {{l|la|conclāve}}
* {{l|la|sub clāve}}
{{bottom}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|claudō}}
* {{l|la|claustellum}}
* {{l|la|claustrārius}}
* {{l|la|claustrum}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|clausula}}
* {{l|la|clausum}}
* {{l|la|clausūra}}
* {{l|la|clausus}}
* {{l|la|clāvus}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|cljai}}, {{l|rup|cljae}}
* {{desc|ast|llave}}
* {{desc|dlm|cluf}}
* {{desc|frp|cllâf}}, {{l|frp|clâ}}
* {{desc|fro|clef}}
** {{desc|fr|clé}}, {{l|fr|clef}}
** {{desc|en|clef|bor=1}}
** {{desc|roa-ang|quié}}, {{l|roa-ang|quief}}
** {{desc|roa-gal|tié}}
** {{desc|nrf|clef}}, {{l|nrf|clié}}
** {{desc|wa|clé}}
* {{desc|fur|clâf}}, {{l|fur|clâv}}
* {{desc|gl|chave}}
* {{desc|ist|ciave}}
* {{desc|it|chiave}}
* {{desc|lld|chiëf}}
* {{desc|pro|clau}}
** {{desc|ca|clau}}
** {{desc|oc|clau}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|pt|chave}}; {{desc|pt|clave|bor=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|as|চাবি|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bn|চাবি|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hi|चाबी|bor=1}}, {{l|hi|चाभी}}
** {{desc|mr|चावी|bor=1}}
** {{desc|syl|ꠌꠣꠛꠤ |bor=1}}
** {{desc|ta|சாவி|bor=1}}
** {{desc|rhg|sabí|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ur|چابھی|bor=1}}, {{l|ur|چابی}}
* {{desc|rgn|cêv}}
* {{desc|ro|cheie}}
* {{desc|rm|clav}}, {{l|rm|clev}}
* {{desc|sc|ciae}}, {{l|sc|ciai}}, {{l|sc|crai}}
* {{desc|scn|chiàvi}}, {{l|scn|chiavi}}, {{l|scn|ciavi}}
* {{desc|es|llave}}; {{desc|es|clave|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|vec|ciave}}
* {{desc|en|clavis|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|klawisz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|клавиша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|kılavuz|bor=1}} {{i|可能通過其他語言}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
* {{pedialite|lang=la}}
* {{l|la|clāva}}
* {{l|la|clāvus}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
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consilium
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{affix|la|cōnsulō|-ium}}。對比{{l|la|cōnsidium}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|cōnsilium}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-consilium.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|cōnsilium<2>}}
# [[計劃]]
#* Publilius Syrus, Sententiae
#*: Malum est '''cōnsilium''', quod mūtārī nōn potest.
#*:: Bad is the '''plan''', which can not be changed.
# [[咨詢]][[機構]]
# [[智慧]],[[判別]]力
# [[勸告]],[[忠告]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|cōnsilium<2>}}
====參見====
* {{l|la|concilium}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|këshill}}
* {{desc|ast|conseyu}}
* {{desc|ca|consell}}
* {{desc|co|cunsigliu}}
* {{desc|en|counsel}}
* {{desc|fr|conseil}}
* {{desc|fur|consei}}
* {{desc|gl|consello}}
* {{desc|it|consiglio}}
* {{desc|lad|קונסיזﬞו|tr={{l|lad|konsejo}}}}, {{desc|lad|consejo|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|pt|conselho}}, {{l|pt|consílio}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|oc|conselh}}
* {{desc|pms|consèj}}
* {{desc|ro|consiliu}}
* {{desc|ru|конси́лиум}}
* {{desc|sc|consígiu}}
* {{desc|scn|cunsigghiu}}, {{desc|scn|cunzigghiu|nolang=1}}, {{desc|scn|cunsigliu|nolang=1}}, {{desc|scn|cunzigliu|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|consejo}}, {{l|es|consilio}}
* {{desc|vec|conséjo}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
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digitus
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==英語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|en|la|digitus}}。參見{{l|en|digit}}。
===名詞===
{{en-noun|digiti}}
# {{史}} 古羅馬時期的長度單位,約等於0.73英吋。
==拉丁語==
[[Image:Finger.agr.jpg|thumb|digitus manūs (手指)]]
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|la|dictus}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*deyǵ-||展示,指出}},{{l|ine-pro|*deyḱ-}}的變體,參見{{l|la|dīcō||說}}、英語{{l|en|toe}}。
印歐語系內的同源詞包括{{cog|sa|दिशति||展示,指出}}, {{cog|grc|δείκνυμι||展示}}, {{l|grc|δίκη||常規,習慣}}, {{cog|ang|tǣċan||展示,指出}} (英語{{l|ang|teach}}), {{l|ang|tācen}} (英語{{l|en|token}})。
對比英語{{l|en|teacher||食指}}的意思改變。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-digitus.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|digitus<2>}}
# [[手指]],[[腳趾]]
# [[細枝]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|digitus<2>}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|computō digitīs}}
* {{l|la|digitābulum}}
* {{l|la|digitālis}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|digitātus}}
* {{l|la|digitulus}}
* {{l|la|digitus salūtāris}}
* {{l|la|prōferō digitum}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 東羅曼
** {{desc|rup|dzeadzit}}
** {{desc|ruo|žåžet}}
** {{desc|ro|deget}}
* 高盧-意大利
** {{desc|lij|dîo}}
** {{desc|rgn|dòit}}
* 意大利-達爾馬提亞
** {{desc|co|ditu}}
** {{desc|dlm|detco|alts=1}}
** {{desc|it|dito}}
** {{desc|scn|jiritu}}, {{l|scn|jiditu}}, {{l|scn|jitu}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|دَاطه|tr=detu|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|דאֵתו|tr=detu|sclang=1}}
* {{desctree|fro|doit}}
* {{desc|pro}}
** {{desc|ca|dit}}
** {{desc|oc|det|alts=1}}
* Rhaeto-Romance
** {{desc|fur|dêt}}
** {{desc|rm|det}}
* {{desc|sc|didu}}
* {{desc|vec|déo}}
* 西伊比利亞
** {{desc|an|dido}}
** {{desc|ast|deu|alts=1}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|dedo}}
*** {{desc|gl|dedo}}
*** {{desctree|pt|dedo}}
** {{desc|osp|dedo}}
*** {{desc|lad|dedo}}
*** {{desc|es|dedo}}
* {{desc|ca|dígit|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|enm|digit|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|dígito|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|dígito|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
[[Category:拉丁語 解剖學]]
==中古英語==
===名詞===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{alternative form of|enm|digit}}
3gtug9iy3p9hoddyxtci1rnvt8yhvan
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{{also|förs}}
==英語==
===名詞===
{{en-noun|p}}
# {{only used in|en|fors and againsts}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===名詞===
{{head|ca|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|ca|for}}
==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-fors.ogg|Audio}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɔrs|s=1}}
===形容詞===
{{nl-adj}}
# [[結實]]的,[[堅固]]的
# [[重大]]的,[[大量]]的
====變格====
{{nl-decl-adj}}
===副詞===
{{nl-adv}}
# [[堅定]]地
==法語==
===發音===
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-fors.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{head|fr|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|fr|for}}
===介詞===
{{fr-prep}}
# [[除了]]……[[以外]]
#: {{ux|fr|Tout est perdu fors l'honneur.|除了榮耀以外,一切都失去了。}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|fors}}
===詞源1===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*bʰer-}}
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*fortis}},來自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*bʰértis||攜帶}} (對照{{cog|sga|brith}}、{{cog|de|Geburt}}、{{cog|en|bear}}、{{m|en|burden}}、{{cog|ru|бремя||負擔}}、{{m|ru|брать||拿}}、{{cog|sa|भृति||攜帶}}),衍生自{{m|ine-pro|*bʰer-}},參見{{cog|la|ferō||捎,攜帶}}。關於語義發展,對照{{cog|gem-pro|*buriz||順風|id=wind}},來自相同詞根。
====名詞====
{{la-noun|fors<3.I>|g=f}}
# [[好運]],[[運氣]]
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|4|507|quote=fors suā cuique locō est|trans='''运气''':每个地方都有自己的运气。}}
=====變格=====
{{la-ndecl|fors<3.I>}}
=====相關詞=====
{{top3}}
* {{l|la|fortūna}}
* {{l|la|forsan}}
* {{l|la|forsit}}
* {{l|la|forsitan}}
* {{l|la|fortasse}}
* {{l|la|fortassis}}
* {{l|la|forte}}
* {{l|la|fortuītus}}
* {{l|la|fortuītō}}
{{bottom}}
===詞源2===
來自{{m|la|fors sit||可能發生}}的縮約。
====其他寫法====
* {{l|la|forsit}}
* {{l|la|fors sit}}
====副詞====
{{la-adv|fors|-}}
# [[可能]],[[或許]]
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Zoega}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==中古法語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|frm|hors}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|frm|fro|fors}},來自{{inh|frm|la|foris}}。
===介詞===
{{head|frm|介詞}}
# [[除了]]……[[以外]]
==古法語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fro|la|foris}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fro|/ˈfɔɾs/}}
===副詞===
{{fro-adv}}
# 在[[外面]]
===介詞===
{{head|fro|介詞}}
# 在……的[[外面]]
# [[除了]]……[[以外]]
#* {{quote-text|fro|year=c. 1170|author={{w|克雷蒂安·德·特魯瓦|Chrétien de Troyes}}|title=s:fr:Érec et Énide
|passage=Et je reconois et otroi<br>Que nus n'i a coupes '''fors''' moi
|translation=我承认<br>'''除了'''我'''之外''',没有人负责}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|fro|çafors}}
* {{l|fro|defors}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|frm|fors}}
** {{desc|fr|hors}} (或來自{{l|fro|defors}})
==古諾爾斯語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|non|foss}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|non|gem-pro|*fursaz}},來自{{cog|ine-pro||*pŕ̥sos}},來自{{der|non|ine-pro|*pers-||噴,撒}}。
===名詞===
{{non-noun|m|fors|forsar}}
# [[瀑布]]
====變格====
{{non-decl-m-a|fors|fors|ns=fors|gs=fors}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|is|fors|foss}}
** {{desc|en|foss|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fo|fossur}}
* {{desc|nrn|fors}}
* {{desc|no|-}} {{desc|nn|nolang=1|foss|fors}}
** {{desc|da|fos|fors|unc2=1|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|nb|foss}}
* {{desc|gmq-osw|fors}}
** {{desc|sv|fors}}
* 中古丹麥語:{{l|da|fors}}
** {{desc|da|fors|unc=1}} {{qual|受挪威語影響}}
* {{desc|bor=1|enm|fors|force}}
** {{desc|en|force|t=瀑布}} {{qual|北英格蘭}}
* {{desc|gml|vorsch|bor=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Zoega}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==古瑞典語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|gmq-osw|ᚠᚮᚱᛋ}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|gmq-osw|non|fors}},來自{{inh|gmq-osw|gem-pro|*fursaz}}。
===名詞===
{{head|gmq-osw|名詞|g=m}}
# [[洪流]],[[溪流]]
# [[瀑布]]
====變格====
{{gmq-osw-decl-noun-a-m|fors|nom_sg=fors|nom_sg_d=fors|gen_sg=fors|gen_sg_d=forsins}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|sv|fors}}
==葡萄牙語==
===名詞===
{{head|pt|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|pt|for}}
==瑞典語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sv|gmq-osw|fors}},來自{{inh|sv|non|fors}},來自{{inh|sv|gem-pro|*fursaz}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sv|/fɔʂː/}}
* {{audio|sv|Sv-fors.ogg|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{sv-noun|c}}
# [[湍流]],[[急流]]
# [[滑道]]
====變格====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}}
====相關詞====
* {{l|sv|forsa}}
==瓦隆語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|wa|/fɔʀ/}}
===名詞===
{{head|wa|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|wa|for}}
a9a61f5zjmtjswhu63xsgjz1vx67bn6
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{affix|la|fruor|-mentum||t1=使用,享用}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|frūmentum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|frūmentum<2>}}
# [[穀物]]
#* {{Q|la|Titus Livius|Ab Urbe Condita|29|4|quote=mūnīre urbem, '''frūmentum''' convehere, tela arma parāre|trans=加强城市防御,积累谷物储备,准备武器和盔甲}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|frūmentum<2>}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel3|la
|frūctus
|frūmen
|frūmentāceus
|frūmentālis
|frūmentārius
|frūmentātiō
|frūmentātor
|frūmentor
|frūx}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|ca|forment}}
* {{desc|fur|forment}}
* {{desc|dlm|furmiant}}
* {{desc|it|frumento}}
* {{desc|lmo|forment}}, {{desc|lmo|formenton|der=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|fro|furment}}
** {{desc|frm|froment}}
*** {{desc|fr|froment}}
** {{desc|fro|fourmenté|der=1}}
*** {{desc|frm|fromenté}}
**** {{desc|hu|furmint|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|enm|furmente|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|en|frumenty}}
* {{desc|pms|forment}}, {{desc|pms|formenton|der=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|rm|frument}}
* {{desc|vec|formento}}, {{desc|vec|formenton|der=1|nolang=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
[[Category:拉丁語 穀物]]
ih408ryzhydli9z1qzozotfgqqewtm5
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{{also|Heri|héri|herí|həri}}
==阿爾巴尼亞語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|sq|ine-pro|*h₃eros||抬高的}}。
===副詞===
{{sq-adv}}
# 在[[山上]]
==冰島語==
===名詞===
{{head|is|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|is|her||indef|acc|p}}
==因特語==
===詞源===
來自{{der|ia|la|heri}}。
===副詞===
{{head|ia|副詞}}
# [[昨天]]
====反義詞====
* {{l|ia|deman}}
{{C|ia|時間}}
==日語==
===羅馬化===
{{ja-romaji}}
# {{ja-romanization of|へり}}
==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|la|here}}
===詞源===
可能改造自{{m|la|here}} < {{der|la|itc-pro|*hezi}}加上{{m|la|domī}}的o-詞幹方位格結尾,受抑揚格縮短的影響。源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*dʰǵʰyés}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|herī̆}}
* 註:長元音的讀法罕見,只見於詩歌。
===副詞===
{{la-adv|herī̆|-}}
# [[昨天]]
====反義詞====
* {{sense|明天}} {{l|la|crās}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|la|hesternus}}
====派生詞====
{{top4}}
* 東羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|eri|ieri}} {{desc|rup|aeri|der=1|nolang=1}}, {{l|rup|aieri}}
** {{desc|ro|ieri}}
* 達爾馬提亞語支:
** {{l|dlm|jere}}
* 意大利-西羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|ieri}}
** {{desc|scn|jeri|alts=1}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|fur|îr}}
** {{desc|ist|ièri}}
** {{desc|rm|ier}}
** {{desc|vec|geri}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desctree|fro|ier}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|roa-oca|hir}}<ref name="dcech"/>
*** {{desc|ca|ahir|der=1}}
** {{desc|pro|ieir}}<ref name="dcech"/>
*** {{desc|oc|ièr}}
*伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|ayere}}
** {{desc|roa-ole}}
*** {{desc|ast|ayeri}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|ayeri}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|eire|alts=1}}<ref name="dcech"/>
** {{desc|osp|eri|yer}} {{desc|osp|ayer|der=1|nolang=1}}<ref name="dcech">{{R:es:DCECH|ayer|427|vol=A-Ca}}</ref>
*** {{desc|lad|ayer}}
*** {{desctree|es|ayer}}
* 島國羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|-}}<ref name="rubattu2006">{{cite-book|first=Antoninu|last=Rubattu|year=2006|title=Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna|section="ieri"}}</ref>
*** {{desc|sc-sro|eriseru|alt=erisèru|der=1}}
*** {{desc|sc-src|eris|deris}}
*** {{desc|sc-nuo|eris|deris}} {{desc|sc|derisero|nolang=1|der=1}}
* 借用:
** {{desctree|bor=1|eo|hieraŭ}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Zoega}}
{{C|la|時間}}
==古高地德語==
===詞源===
{{root|goh|ine-pro|*ker-}} {{dercat|goh|gem-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|goh|gmw-pro|*hari}},參見{{cog|ang|here}}、{{cog|non|herr}}。
===名詞===
{{goh-noun|n|g2=m}}
# [[軍隊]]
====變格====
與格複數{{m|goh|heriun}}。
====派生詞====
* {{desc|gmh|here|her}}
** {{desc|de|Heer}}
==古諾爾斯語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|non|hari||古東諾爾斯語}}
===詞源===
與Verner變體的{{cog|gem-pro|*hasô}}相關。
===名詞===
{{non-noun|m}}
# [[野兔]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|is|héri}}
* {{desc|nb|hare}}
* {{desc|nn|hare}}
* {{desc|ovd|eri}}
* {{desc|gmq-osw|hari}}
** {{desc|sv|hare}}
* {{desc|da|hare}}
** {{desc|fo|hara|bor=1}} {{g|f}}
* {{desc|bor=1|enm|here|ere}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Zoega}}
* Entry [http://archive.org/stream/concisedictionar001857#page/194/mode/2up "''heri''"] on page 195 in: Geir T. Zoëga "''A Concise Dictionary of Old Islandic''", Oxford at the Claredon Press (1910).
==蘇里南湯加語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|srn|nl|heel}}。
===形容詞===
{{head|srn|形容詞}}
# [[完整]],[[圓滿]]
===副詞===
{{head|srn|副詞}}
# [[非常]]
==斯瓦西里語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|sw|kheri}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|sw|ar|خَيْر}}。{{root|sw|ar|خ ي ر}}
===發音===
* {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-heri.flac|音頻 (肯亞)}}
===名詞===
{{sw-noun|n}}
# [[快樂]],[[幸福]]
#: {{uxi|sw|kila la heri|萬事如意}}
#: {{uxi|sw|kheri ya sikukuu yako ya kuzaliwa|生日快樂|lit=快樂的誕生假期}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|sw|kwa heri}}
===副詞===
{{head|sw|副詞}}
# [[更好]]{{qual|從句中}}
lpxrht2x0sx8i99dpojxliuvaa7e2uk
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==英語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|en|amuck}}, {{l|en|amock}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|en|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|en|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
{{wikipedia|Duarte Barbosa|lang=en}}
英語中最早出現於16世紀,1516年描寫馬來西亞、爪哇人的《The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and Their Inhabitants》。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/əˈmɒk/|/əˈmʌk/}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɒk}}
===副詞===
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
{{en-adv}}
# [[失控]]的,[[發狂]]的
# 大殺特殺的
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1854|title=Walden|author=Thoreau|page= |ISBN=|passage=I {{…}} might have run ''‘amok''’ against society; but I preferred that society should run ‘''amok''’ against me.” }}
====使用注意====
一般用於短語{{l|en|run amok}}。
====派生詞====
* {{l|en|run amok}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ceb|amok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|amok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|amok}} {{i|或直接通過荷蘭語{{l|nl|amok}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|amok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Amok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|אמוק|tr=ámok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|amok}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|амок|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|amok|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|amok}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# (馬來,摩羅/菲律賓文化的)殺人狂
===參考資料===
* ''https://kbbi.web.id/amuk''
* Duarte Barbosa, Mansel Longworth Dames, (1518) [https://books.google.com/books?id=r5jnQzwZjOYC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false "The book of Duarte Barbosa: an account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants"], Asian Educational Services, 1989, {{ISBN|81-206-0451-2}}
*{{cite-book | last=Stanley | first=Henry E. J. ed. and trans. | year=1866 | title=A description of the coasts of East Africa and Malabar by Duarte Barbosa | publisher=Hakluyt Society | place=London | url=https://archive.org/stream/descriptionofcoa00barbrich#page/n7/mode/2up }}
*{{cite-book | last=Dames | first=Mansel Longworth | author-link=:en:Mansel Longworth Dames | date=1918–1921 | title=The book of Duarte Barbosa : an account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants (2 Volumes) | publisher=Hakluyt Society | place=London | oclc=3640216 }}<!--Dames, Mansel Longworth, 1850-1922 so out of copyright - but cannot find scan for outside the US -->
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=akmo|Kamo|Moak|Omak|mako|moka}}
==宿霧語==
===詞源1===
源自{{der|ceb|en|amok}} ← {{der|ceb|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|ceb|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。代替{{l|ceb|amog}}。
====動詞====
{{head|ceb|動詞}}
# 大殺特殺
====名詞====
{{head|ceb|名詞}}
# 殺人狂
===詞源2===
未知。
====名詞====
{{head|ceb|名詞}}
# 拍岸浪
==捷克語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|cs|en|amok}} ← {{der|cs|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|cs|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
===名詞===
{{cs-noun|m-in}}
#發狂的狀態
==丹麥語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|da|en|amok}}或{{der|da|pt|amouco}},源自{{der|da|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
===形容詞===
{{da-adj}}
# [[失控]]的,[[發狂]]的
# 大殺特殺的
====使用注意====
一般用於短語{{l|da|gå amok}}。
====派生詞====
* {{l|da|gå amok}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|da|berserkergang}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|nl|ms|amuk}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/aːˈmɔk/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-amok.ogg|音頻}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|a|mok}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɔk}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|n|g2=m|-s|-}}
# {{史}}{{不可數}} (馬來文化中的)大肆殺人
# {{史}}{{可數}} 殺人狂
#: {{syn|nl|amokmaker}}
# {{不可數}} [[騷亂]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|nl|amokmaker}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|da|amok}} {{i|或通過英語{{l|en|amok}}}}
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|fi|en|amok}} ← {{der|fi|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|fi|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# [[殺人狂]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-risti|amok|||a|i=0}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|fi|amokjuoksija}}
* {{l|fi|amokjuoksu}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|fi|a=akmo|koma|mako|moka}}
==書面挪威語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|nb|en|amok}} ← {{der|nb|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|nb|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
===副詞===
{{head|nb|副詞}}
# 狂亂地
====派生詞====
* {{l|nb|gå amok}}
* {{l|nb|løpe amok}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|nb|berserkergang}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nb:OB}}
==新挪威語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|nn|en|amok}} ← {{der|nn|pt|amouco}} ← {{der|nn|ms|amuk||大肆殺人}}。
===副詞===
{{head|nn|副詞}}
# 狂亂地
====派生詞====
* {{l|nn|gå amok}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nn:OB}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
来自{{der|sh|en|amok}},来自{{der|sh|pt|amouco}},来自{{der|sh|ms|amuk||去大肆殺人}}。
===名詞===
{{sh-noun||m-in}}
#發狂的狀態
==吐火羅語B==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|txb|pal|-}}。
===名詞===
{{head|txb|名詞}}
# [[技巧]],[[工藝]];[[計謀]]
====派生詞====
{{der2|txb
|amokӓşşe
|amoktse
}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=amok|page=21}}
[[Category:英語 人]]
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==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|la|catus}}
===詞源===
傳統上認為源自{{der|la|afa}}語言。<ref>Jean-Paul Savignac, ''Dictionnaire français-gaulois'', s.v. "[[chat]]" (Paris: Errance, 2004), 82.</ref> 可能和家貓一起借入日耳曼、斯拉夫語言,但拉丁語詞也可能派生自{{der|la|gem-pro|*kattuz}}。參見{{l|en|cat}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|La-cls-cattus.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|cattus<2>}}
# [[貓]]
#* '''1558''', [[w:馬丁·路德|Martin Luther]], ''Theologiae Martini Lutheri Trimembris Epitome'', De Tertio Statu Hominis:
#*: {{quote|la|Affirmant quod quanto sceleratior es, tanto citius Deus gratiam infundit: si autem adornes te, ut '''cattus''' bonis operibus, ut te Deus acceptet, nihil efficias.|他們聲稱,你越是行為不端,上帝就越早賜恩典於你;而如果你像一隻'''貓'''一樣,以善行裝飾自己,讓上帝來接納你,你便一事無成。}}
#* '''1656''', Guillaume Pepin, ''Conciones Mysticae et Morales in Septem Psalmos Poenitentiales'', p. 38:
#*: {{quote|la|[...] illa accepit bovem & '''cattum''', et utrumque duxit ad forum. Cumque quiddam venisset qui bovem emere veller. Illa respondit. Nullus habebit bovem, nisi etiam emat & '''cattum'''. Cumque ille dixisset non velle emere '''cattum''', abiit. Et statim venit alius & interrogat quanti pretii utrumque foret. Illa dixit se velle vendere '''cattum''' pro una marcha argentari, sed bovem pro denario, & sic convenerunt.|[...]他帶了一頭牛和一隻'''貓''',把牠倆都帶到市場。一旦有人過來想要買牛,他便回答道:不買我的貓,那就不許買下這頭牛。如果對方說他不想買'''貓''',他便轉頭離開了。很快,另一個人過來問他這兩隻動物的價格。他說那隻'''貓'''賣一個銀馬克,那頭牛賣一個第納里烏斯,接著他們雙方就達成了一致。}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|cattus<2>}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|la|fēlēs}}, {{l|la|mūsiō}}, {{l|la|mūriceps}}, {{l|la|mūrilegus}}, {{l|la|pilax}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|catta|g=f}}
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|cuot|nolang=1}}
* 義大利-西羅曼語支
** {{desc|co|ghjattu|alts=1}}
** {{desc|it|gatto}}
** {{desc|scn|gattu|jattu}}
* 帕達尼亞語:
** {{desc|fur|gjat}}
** {{desc|ist|gato}}
** {{desc|lld|giat}}
** {{desc|pms|ciat}}
** {{desc|rgn|gat}}
** {{desc|rm|giat|gat}}
** {{desc|vec|gato}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|roa-brg|chait}}
** {{desc|frp|chat}}
** {{desc|fro|chat}}
*** {{desc|frm|chat}}
**** {{desc|fr|chat}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|gat}}
** {{desc|oc|cat|chat|gat}}
* 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|gatu}}
** {{desc|lad|gato}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|gato}}
*** {{desc|gl|gato}}
*** {{desctree|pt|gato}}
** {{desc|es|gato}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|gattu|battu|cattu}}
* 借用:
** {{desc|grc-koi|κάττος|bor=1}},{{m|grc|κάττα}}的陽性
*** 中古希臘語: {{m|grc|κάττος}} / {{m|grc|κάτος}} / {{m|gkm|γάτος}}
**** 現代{{desc|el|γάτος}}
**** {{desctree|ota|كدی|tr=kedi|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eu|katu|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mt|qattus|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*kattos|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*kattuz|bor=1}} {{qual|不確定}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*kotъ|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|mul|Catus|alt=''Catus''|bor=1}} {{qual|棄用}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:NLW}}
{{reflist}}
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{{also|-bunda}}
==英語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|en|pt|bunda}}。
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# {{lb|en|俚語}} [[屁股]],特別是[[女性]][[豐滿]][[有型]]的[[臀部]]
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2006|author=Kathleen de Azevedo|title=Samba Dreamers|page=30
|passage=He could see through her cotton slacks, the cheeks of her '''bunda''' rubbing together, muscular, mashing, gnashing, eating each other alive, then kissing each other good night, and rolling their heads together on one pillow, relieved.|t=他能透過她的棉質寬褲看見她那'''豐滿蜜臀'''的兩瓣互相摩擦,肌肉結實,碾壓著、磨蹭著,彷彿要將對方生吞活剝,然後又像是互相親吻道晚安,一起倚靠在同一個枕頭上翻滾,如釋重負。}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2009|author=Don Kulick|title=Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes|page=70
|passage=Viewers watching any female entertainer performing on television will be treated to repeated shots of her '''bunda''' — usually filmed from knee level, so one actually looks up her (inevitably short) dress.|t=觀看任何女性藝人在電視上表演的觀眾,會不斷看到她'''臀部'''的特寫鏡頭——這些鏡頭通常從膝蓋高度拍攝,因此實際上是從下往上仰視她那(無可避免地短的)裙子。}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=Cynthia Tompkins|title=Experimental Latin American Cinema: History and Aesthetics|page=84
|passage=The waitress finally consents to Lourenco's proposition to pay to see her '''bunda''' because he offers her a secretarial position as well as the emotional attachment implied by his avowed need to have her close by.|t=女服務生最終同意了 Lourenço 付錢看她'''臀部'''的提議,因為他不僅提供她一個秘書職位,還有他公開表明需要她在身邊所暗示的那份情感依戀。}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=abdnu|Dubna|badun}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===代詞===
{{head|az|代詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|az|bu|bu|loc|s}}
==捷克語==
{{wp|lang=cs}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|cs|hu|bunda}}。
===發音===
* {{cs-IPA}}
* {{audio|cs|LL-Q9056 (ces)-Ghost4Man-bunda.wav}}
===名詞===
{{cs-noun|f}}
# [[夾克]],[[大衣]]
=====變格=====
{{cs-ndecl|f}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:cs:PSJC}}
* {{R:SSJC}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
{{defdate|1723}} 來源未知。可能源自古匈牙利語方言形容詞{{l|ohu|bonta||黑白斑點/條紋的}},源自德語。<ref>{{R:Zaicz 2006}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|bun|da}}
* {{rhymes|hu|dɒ}}
===名詞===
{{hu-noun|pl=bundák}}
# [[皮毛]]
#* '''1953''', Józsi Jenő Tersánszky, ''Misi Mókus kalandjai'',<sup>[http://mek.oszk.hu/01000/01095/01095.htm]</sup> chapter 1:
#*: Van ugyan mókusfajta, amelyiknek fekete színű a '''bundája''', ám Misi családja a vörös mókusokhoz tartozott. Azoknak pedig legfeljebb a ragyogó, élelmes szemük fekete, minden tagjukat szép, rozsdavörös szőrzet fedi.
# [[毛皮]][[大衣]]
# {{lb|hu|俚語}} [[賄賂]]
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|bundá|o}}{{hu-pos-tok|bundá}}
====派生詞====
{{der2|hu
|bundájú
|bundás
|bundázik
}}
{{qual|短語}}:
* {{l|hu|alszik, mint a bunda}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|bunda}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|бунда}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bunda}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|bundër|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|bunda}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|bunda}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==印尼語==
===詞源===
{{clipping|id|ibunda}}。
===發音===
{{id-pr}}
===名詞===
{{head|id|名詞}}
# [[母親]]
#: {{syn|id|biyung|emak|embok|ibu|ibunda|ibung|indung|mak|mama|mami|mandeh|mbok|umi}}
#: {{ux|id|Dibuai dibesarkan '''bunda'''.|被'''母親'''搖哄、撫育長大。}}
====其他形式====
* {{alt|ms|bonda||標準 Malay}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}
{{C|id|女性家庭成員}}
==葡萄牙語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|pt|kmb|mbunda}}<ref>{{R:pt:Infopédia}}</ref>。
===發音===
* {{IPA|pt|/ˈbũdɐ/|a=Brazil}}
* {{IPA|pt|/ˈbũnda/|a=Paulista}}
* {{hyphenation|pt|bun|da}}
===名詞===
{{pt-noun|f}}
# {{lb|pt|巴西|安哥拉|口語}} [[屁股]]
#: {{syn|pt|nádegas}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|sh|hu|bunda}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/bûːnda/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|bun|da}}
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|bȗnda|f}}
# [[大衣]](通常指毛皮大衣)
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|bunda|bunde
|bunde|{{l|sh|bȗndā}} / {{l|sh|bȗndī}}
|bundi|bundama
|bundu|bunde
|bundo|bunde
|bundi|bundama
|bundom|bundama
}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|bundër|alts=1}}
==斯洛伐克語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|sk|hu|bunda}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sk|/bunda/}}
* {{hyphenation|sk|bun|da}}
===名詞===
{{sk-noun|f|gen=bundy|pl=bundy|genpl=búnd|decl=žena}}
# [[毛皮]][[大衣]]
====變格====
{{sk-ndecl|f}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|sk|bundička|g=f}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:SDK}}
==斯洛文尼亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|sl|hu|bunda}}。
===發音===
* {{sl-IPA|bȗnda}}
===名詞===
{{sl-noun|bȗnda|f}}
# [[夾克]],[[大衣]]
====變格====
{{sl-decl-noun-f|búnd}}
==土耳其語==
===代詞===
{{head|tr|代詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|tr|bu|bu|loc|s}}
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{{also|kišu|ķīšu|kĩ sư}}
==世界語==
===發音===
* {{audio|eo|LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-kisu.wav|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{eo-form of|kis|u}}
==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
源自{{l|fi|kissa}}。
===發音===
* {{fi-pronunciation}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# {{qual|非正式}} [[貓]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-valo|kis|||u|a}}
====參見====
* {{l|fi|kissimirri}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|fi|a=iksu|isku|kusi|suki|uksi}}
==冰島語==
===名詞===
{{head|is|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|is|[[kisa]]||不定|acc|s}}
# {{inflection of|is|[[kisa]]||不定|dat|s}}
# {{inflection of|is|[[kisa]]||不定|gen|s}}
==日語==
===羅馬字===
{{ja-romaji}}
# {{ja-romanization of|きす}}
# {{ja-romanization of|キス}}
==克丘亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|qu|es|queso}}。
===名詞===
{{head|qu|名詞}}
# [[芝士]],[[奶酪]]
====變格====
{{qu-noun-v}}{{qu-poss-v}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|qu|masara}}
[[Category:克丘亞語 食物]]
==撒奇萊雅語==
===發音===
{{szy-IPA}}
===代詞===
{{head|szy|代詞}}
# [[你]]
==斯洛文尼亞語==
===名詞===
{{head|sl|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|sl|kis|kis|與格/方位格|s}}
==斯瓦希里語==
[[File:Wastenotcuttingboard.jpg|thumb|kisu]]
===發音===
* {{IPA|sw|/ˈki.su/}}
===名詞===
{{head|sw|名詞|ki-vi類||複數|visu}}
# [[小刀]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gu|કીસુ|bor=1}}
[[Category:斯瓦希里語 餐具]]
==里菲安語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|rif|ⴽⵉⵙⵓ}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|rif|es|queso}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=-}}
# [[芝士]],[[奶酪]],[[起司]]
#: {{syn|rif|taklilt|ajebben|furmaj}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:WOLD|rif|6}}
{{c|rif|食物|乳製品}}
==薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ctz|omq-cha-pro|*kesu||網}},{{inh+|ctz|omq-zap-pro|*kexxok}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ctz|名詞}}
# [[魚網]]
# [[網袋]]
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{{also|soldât|sołdat|Soldat}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ca|it|soldato}},{{l|la|soldare}}的過去分詞,源自{{l|it|soldo||錢,軍餉}}。
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|ca|at}}
===名詞===
{{ca-noun|m}}
# [[士兵]]
===動詞===
{{head|ca|過去分詞}}
# {{ca-verb form of|soldar}}
==丹麥語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|da|fr|soldat}} ← {{der|da|it|soldato||士兵}},源自{{l|it|soldo||錢,軍餉}}。
===名詞===
{{da-noun|en|er}}
# [[士兵]]
====變格====
{{da-noun-infl|en|er}}
====派生詞====
{{der2|da
|{{l|da|FN-soldat}}
|{{l|da|barnesoldat}}, {{l|da|børnesoldat|t=娃娃兵}}
}}
==法語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|fr|frm|soldat}},借自{{der|fr|it|soldato}},{{l|la|soldare}}的過去分詞,源自{{l|it|soldo|t=錢,軍餉}}。代替{{l|fr|soudard}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-soldat.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[士兵]]
====派生詞====
{{der2|fr
|enfant soldat
|soldatesque
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|ht|solda}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|soldat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lb|Zaldot}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|soldat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|سالدات|tr=sâldât}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pdt|Sol'dot}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|soldat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|со̏лда̄т}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|sȍldāt}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|soldat}}
** {{desc|bor=1|se|soalddát}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fy|soldaat}}
{{bottom}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
==中古法語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|frm|it|soldato}},{{l|la|soldare}}的過去分詞,源自{{l|it|soldo||錢,軍餉}}。
===名詞===
{{head|frm|名詞|g=m|複數|soldats}}
# [[士兵]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|fr|soldat}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|nl|soldaat}}
==書面挪威語==
{{wikipedia|lang=no}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|nb|fr|soldat}} ← {{der|nb|it|soldato||士兵}}。
===名詞===
{{nb-noun-m1}}
# [[士兵]]
# [[救世軍]]成員
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{l|nb|barnesoldat}}
* {{l|nb|fallskjermsoldat}}
* {{l|nb|geriljasoldat}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|nb|kommandosoldat}}
* {{l|nb|leiesoldat}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nb:OB}}
==新挪威語==
{{wikipedia|lang=nn}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|nn|fr|soldat}} ← {{der|nn|it|soldato||士兵}}。
===名詞===
{{nn-noun-m1}}
# [[士兵]]
# [[救世軍]]成員
====派生詞====
* {{l|nn|barnesoldat}}
* {{l|nn|fallskjermsoldat}}
* {{l|nn|geriljasoldat}}
* {{l|nn|kommandosoldat}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nn:OB}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ro|fr|soldat}}, {{bor|ro|de|Soldat}},源自{{der|ro|it|soldato}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ro|[solˈdat]}}
===名詞===
{{ro-noun|m|soldați}}
# [[士兵]]
====變格====
{{ro-noun-m|voc2=soldate}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|ro|ostaș}}
* {{l|ro|militar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:WOLD|ro|8}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|sh|fr|soldat}}。
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|sȍldāt|m-an}}
# {{古}} [[士兵]]
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|soldat|soldati
|soldata|soldata
|soldatu|soldatima
|soldata|soldate
|soldate|soldati
|soldatu|soldatima
|soldatom|soldatima
}}
==瑞典語==
===發音===
* {{audio|sv|Sv-soldat.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{sv-noun|g=c}}
# [[士兵]]
====變格====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-er}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|sv|barnsoldat}}
* {{l|sv|marinsoldat}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=adlost|lotsad|odlats|saldot}}
==烏茲別克語==
{{百科|lang=uz}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|uz|ru|солда́т}} ← {{der|uz|it|soldato}}。
===名詞===
{{uz-noun}}
# [[士兵]]
#: {{syn|uz|askar}}
====變格====
{{uz-decl-noun}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|uz|soldatcha}}
* {{l|uz|soldatlik}}
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==土耳其語==
===形容詞===
{{tr-adj}}
# [[拳曲]]的
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|кврчкав|sclang=1}}, {{l|sh|ко̀врџав}}, {{l|sh|ко̀врџаст}}
*: 拉丁字母: {{l|sh|kvrčkav}}, {{l|sh|kòvrdžav}}, {{l|sh|kòvrdžast}}
===名詞===
{{tr-noun|def-acc=kıvırcığı|2=lar}}
# {{l|tr|kıvırcık [[salata]]}}的簡稱。
# {{l|tr|kıvırcık [[koyun]]}}的簡稱。
====變格====
{{tr-infl-noun-c|ı|stem=kıvırcığ}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TDK}}
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{{also|إبريق}}
==奧斯曼土耳其語==
[[File:Abraham of Kutahya ewer BM OA 1983.1 t.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|ابریق}}|upright=1.15]]
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|إِبْرِيق}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[ib.ˈɾik]|[ɯb.ˈɾɯk]}}
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=ibrik, ıbrık}}
# [[水罐]],[[水壺]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|ota|آبریز|tr=âbriz}}
* {{l|ota|آفتابه|tr=âftâbe}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|ibrik|alts=1}}
* {{desc|sq|ibrik|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rup|ibric|ibríc|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|ибри́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|ibrik|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|μπρίκι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|ibrik|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|ибрик|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|ibric|ibríc|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ìbrīk|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ѝбрӣк|sclang=1}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|إِبْرِيق}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA|ib`rīq}}.
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=ebriq}}
# [[水罐]],[[水壺]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|fa|آبریز|tr=âbriz}}
* {{l|fa|آفتابه|tr=âftâbe}}
====派生語彙====
* → 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|इब्रीक़}}
*: {{desc|ur|ابریق|tr=ibrīq}}
==烏爾都語==
[[File:Ewer from Herat, Khorasan, dated 1180-1210 CE.jpg|thumb|{{lang|ur|ابریق}}|upright=0.5]]
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ur|fa-cls|ابریق|tr=ibrīq}},源自{{der|ur|ar|إِبْرِيق}}。
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=ibrīq|hi=इब्रीक़}}
# [[水罐]],[[水壺]]
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ح ب س}}。與{{cog|he|חָבַשׁ|tr=ḥāḇaš|t=扎,繫}}同源。
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/a~i.vn:حَبْس}}
# [[監禁]],[[關押]]
# [[維持]],保留
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~i.vn:حَبْس}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|حَبْس|m|pl=حُبُوس}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|حَبَسَ|form=I}}
## [[監禁]],[[關押]]
## [[維持]],保留
# {{qual|多用於馬格里布}} [[監獄]]
#: {{syn|ar|سِجْن}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|حَبْس|pl=حُبُوس}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|mt|ħabs}}
* {{desctree|ary|حبس|tr=ḥabs}}
* {{desc|az|həbs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|қапас|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|حبس|tr=habs|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|حبس|tr=haps, hapis|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
對比{{cog|egy|ḥbs}}, {{cog|he|חָבַשׁ|tr=khavásh}}。
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|حَبَّسَ}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|II}}
# {{及物}} [[扎]][[牢]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II}}
===詞源3===
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|حُبْس|m|head2=حُبُس|pl=أَحْبَاس}}
# {{qual|馬格里布}} 宗教公产
#: {{syn|ar|وَقْف}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|حُبْس|head2=حُبُس|pl=أَحْبَاس}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
<!--{{ary-rootbox|ح ب س}}-->
===詞源1===
源自{{inh|ary|ar|حَبْس}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ary|/ħabs/}}
====名詞====
{{head|ary|名詞|g=m|tr=ḥabs}}(複數 {{l|ary|حباس|tr=ḥbās}} / {{l|ary|حباسات|tr=ḥbāsāt}} / {{l|ary|حبوسات|tr=ḥbūsāt}})
# [[監獄]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|fr|hebs|bor=1}}, {{l|fr|hèbs}}
===詞源2===
源自{{inh|ary|ar|حَبَسَ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ary|/ħbas/}}
====動詞====
{{head|ary|動詞|tr=ḥbas}}(非過去式 {{l|ary|يحبس|tr=yiḥbas}})
# [[監禁]],[[關押]]
# [[放棄]]
# [[守門]]
=====變位=====
{{ary-conj-fʕal-yifʕal|ح|ب|س|ḥ|b|s}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
[[File:Zindan Prison... (3654025887).jpg|frameless|right|{{lang|ota|حبس}}|upright=1.6]]
源自{{bor|ota|ar|حَبْس}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=haps, hapis}}
# [[監禁]],[[關押]]
# [[監獄]]
#: {{syn|ota|زندان|tr1=zından, zindan|قفس|tr2=kafes}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|ota|حبسخانه|tr=hapshane, hapishane|t=監獄}}
** {{l|ota|حبسخانهجی|tr=hapshaneci, hapishaneci|t=獄警}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|hapis}}
* {{desc|ady|хьэпс|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sq|haps|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|հափը՛ս|bor=1}}, {{l|hy|հափս}}
* {{desc|rup|hapse|hápse|bor=1}}, {{l|rup|hapsã|hápsã}}, {{l|rup|hapsi|hápsi}}
* {{desc|bg|апс|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|χάψη|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|апс|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ха̏пс|sclang=1|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|hȁps|sclang=1|alts=1}}
===形容詞===
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=haps, hapis}}
# [[監禁]]的
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==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|خ ل خ ل}}
[[File:Tunisian anklet.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ar|خَلْخَال}}]]
{{swp|lang=ar}}
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|ar|خَلْخَل}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|خَلْخَال|m|pl=خَلَاخِيل}}
# [[腳鐲]],[[腳鏈]]
#: {{ant|ar|مِعْضَد|دُمْلُوج}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|خَلْخَال|pl=خَلَاخِيل}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|am|ኸልኸል|bor=1}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|kmr|xirxal|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ckb|خرخاڵ|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|خلخال|tr=halhâl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|خلخال|tr=xalxâl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|carcax|bor=1}}
{{cln|ar|疊詞}}
{{topics|ar|珠寶}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ary|ar|خَلْخَال}}。
===發音===
* {{ary-IPA|ḵalḵāl}}
===名詞===
{{ary-noun|g=m|tr=ḵalḵāl|pl=خلاخل|pltr=ḵlāḵil}}
# [[腳鐲]],[[腳鏈]]
#: {{cot|ary|دمليج|tr1=damlīj}}
{{c|ary|珠寶}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
[[File:Anklet-ToeRing1.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|خلخال}}]]
===詞源===
來自{{der|ota|ar|خَلْخَال||腳鐲}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=halhal|複數|خلاخیل|f1tr=halahil}}
# [[腳鐲]],[[腳鏈]];[[手鐲]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|halhal}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|халхал|халхала}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|halhal|halhala}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:OTK|halhal|vol=1|page=1849}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=548}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=219|Compes}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|columns=1929}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|halhal}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=860}}
{{C|ota|珠寶}}
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{{also|سخر|شجر|ش ج ر}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|س ح ر}}“著魔的,迷人的”,“吸引他人的注意力”,“希望,渴望”。對比{{cog|he|שַׁחַר|tr=šaḥar|t=黎明}}、{{cog|uga|𐎌𐎈𐎗|t=黎明;明天;未來}}。
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|سَحَر|m}}
# [[黎明]],[[破曉]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|سَحَر}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|ar|سحور|tr=saḥūr|t=封齋飯}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|سَحْر|m|head2=سَحَر|d=سَحْرَان|d2=سَحَرَان|pl=سُحُور}}
# [[肺]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|سَحْر|head2=سَحَر|pl=سُحُور}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|سِحْر|m|pl=أَسْحَار|pl2=سُحُور}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|سَحَرَ|form=I}}
# [[魔法]],[[魔力]]
# [[著魔]],[[著迷]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|سِحْر|pl=أَسْحَار|pl2=سُحُور}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|ar|اِنْقَلَبَ السِّحْرُ عَلَى السَّاحِرِ|pos=idiom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mt|seħer}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|I/a~a.pass.vn:سِحْر}}
# [[迷惑]],使著迷
# 傷害……的心臟,使呼吸受損
====變位====
{{ar-conj|I/a~a.pass.vn:سِحْر}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|II}}
# [[變魔術]]
# [[施法]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|II}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Dozy|volume=1|pages=635–636}}
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=2|page=290}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|pages=1316-1318}}
* {{R:ar:Steingass|page=483}}
==俾路支語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|bal|ar|سِحْر}}。
===名詞===
{{head|bal|名詞|tr=sihr, sahr}}
# [[魔法]],[[魔力]]
===參見===
* {{l|bal|جاتو|tr=játú}}
* {{l|bal|جادو|tr=jádú}}
* {{l|bal|جادوگر}}
* {{l|bal|سحرگو|tr=sahargo}}
* {{l|bal|سحر کنوخ|tr=sihr kanox}}
==馬贊德蘭語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|mzn|ar|سَحَر}}。
===名詞===
{{head|mzn|名詞|tr=sahar}}
# [[黎明]],[[破曉]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|سَحَر}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ota|[sɛhɑɾ]}}
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=sehar}}
# [[黎明]],[[破曉]]
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|ota|سحرخیز|tr=seharhız|t=早起者}}
* {{l|ota|سحرگاه|tr=sehargâh}} / {{l|ota|سحرگه|tr=sehargeh|t=早晨}}
* {{l|ota|سحری|tr=seharı|t=清晨}}
===詞源2===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|سِحْر}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ota|[sɯhɾ]|[sɯhɯɾ]|a=15–17世紀}}
* {{IPA|ota|[sihɾ]|[sihiɾ]|a=18–20世紀}}
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=sıhr, sıhır, sihr, sihir}}
# [[魔法]],[[魔力]]
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|ota|سحرباز|tr=sihrbaz, sihirbaz|t=魔術師}}
* {{l|ota|سحار|tr=sehhar|t=魔術師}}
* {{l|ota|سحربازلق|tr=sıhırbazlık, sihirbazlık|t=巫術}}
* {{l|ota|سحرلمك|tr=sihirlemek|t=使中魔法,使著迷}}
* {{l|ota|سحرلی|tr=sihirli|t=著迷的}}
* {{l|ota|سحری|tr=sihri|t=魔力}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|sihir}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sìhīr|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|сѝхӣр|sclang=1}}
==波斯語==
===詞源1===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|سَحَر}}。
====名詞====
{{fa-noun|tr=sahar}}
# [[黎明]],[[破曉]]
===詞源2===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|سِحْر}}。
====發音====
{{fa-IPA|s|i|h|r|teh=0}}
====名詞====
{{fa-noun|tr=sehr}}
# [[魔法]],[[魔力]]
=====派生詞=====
* {{l|fa|سحری|tr=sehrī|t=封齋飯}}
[[Category:波斯語 時間]]
==烏爾都語==
===詞源1===
源自{{der|ur|fa|سحر|tr=sahar}} ← {{der|ur|ar|سَحَر}}。
====名詞====
{{ur-noun|f|head=سَحَر|hi=सहर}}
# [[黎明]],[[破曉]]
===詞源2===
源自{{der|ur|fa|سحر|tr=sehr}} ← {{der|ur|ar|سِحْر}}。
====名詞====
{{ur-noun|m|head=سِحْر,سِحْر|tr=sehr,sihr|hi=सेहर}}
# [[魔法]],[[魔力]]
=====近義詞=====
* {{l|ur|جادو|tr=jādū}}
* {{l|ur|ٹونا|tr=ṭonā}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{l|ur|سحری|tr=sehrī|t=封齋飯}}
[[Category:烏爾都語 時間]]
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==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|س ق ط}}
===發音===
* {{audio|ar|Ar-سقط.ogg|Audio}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.ipass?.vn:سُقُوط,مَسْقَط}}
# [[下降]],[[掉落]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.ipass?.vn:سُقُوط,مَسْقَط}}
===形容詞===
{{ar-adj|سَقَطٌ|pl=أَسْقَاطٌ}}
# 有[[缺陷]]的,[[品質]]差的;不[[充分]]的;無[[價值]]的
====派生詞====
* 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|kmr|seqet|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ckb|سەقەت|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|سقط|tr=saqat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ota|سقط|tr=sakat}}
** {{desc|tr|sakat}}
** {{desc|sq|sakat|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ady|гъэсэкъатын|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|սախատ|bor=1|alts=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mk|сакат}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|сакат}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|sakat}}
==漢志阿拉伯語==
{{acw-root|س ق ط}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|acw|ar|سَقَطَ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|acw|/ˈsa.ɡatˤ/}}
====動詞====
{{acw-verb|I|tr=sagaṭ|np=يسقط|nptr=yisguṭ}}
# [[掉落]]
=====變位=====
{{acw-conj/I-sound-a-u|س|ق|ط|s|g|ṭ}}
===詞源2===
{{inh+|acw|ar|سَقَّطَ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|acw|/ˈsaɡ.ɡatˤ/}}
====動詞====
{{acw-verb|I|tr=saggaṭ|np=يِسَقِّط|nptr=yisaggiṭ}}
# [[流產]]
# {{lb|acw|transitive}} 給予[[學生]][[不及格]][[成績]]
=====變位=====
{{acw-conj/II|س|ق|ط|s|g|ṭ}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
{{ary-rootbox|س ق ط}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ary|ar|سَقَطَ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ary|/sqatˤ/}}
* {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Fenakhay-سقط.wav|Audio}}
====動詞====
{{ary-verb|I|tr=sqaṭ|np=يسقط|nptr=yisqaṭ}}
# {{lb|ary|intransitive}} [[掛科]],[[不及格]]
#: {{usex|ary|سقط محمد هاد العام.|tr=sqaṭ muḥammed hād el-ʕām|t=穆罕默德這學年成績'''不及格'''。}}
===詞源2===
{{inh+|ary|ar|سَقَّطَ}}。
====發音====
* {{IPA|ary|/saqqatˤ/}}
====動詞====
{{ary-verb|II|tr=saqqaṭ|np=يسقط|nptr=ysaqqaṭ}}
# {{lb|ary|transitive}} 給予[[學生]][[不及格]][[成績]]
#: {{usex|ary|سقطوه حيت نقل فامتحان الرياضيات.|tr=saqqṭūh ḥīt nqal fe-mtiḥān er-riyādiyāt.|t=他們給了他'''不及格''',因為他在數學考試作弊。}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|س ق ط}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|سَقَطَ}}.
====發音====
* {{ajp-IPA|saʔaṭ<p:ˈsˤɑ.ʔɑtˤ><q:城市>|saɡaṭ<p:ˈsˤɑ.ɡɑtˤ><q:貝都因>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-سَقَط.wav|Audio (盧德)}}
====動詞====
{{ajp-verb|I|tr=saʔaṭ|pres=بسقط|prestr=bosʔoṭ}}
# [[下降]],[[掉落]]{{gloss|通常比喻}}
# {{lb|ajp|延伸}} [[掛科]],[[不及格]]
=====變位=====
{{ajp-conj/Au|س|ق|ط|s|ʔ|ṭ}}
===詞源2===
{{rfe|ajp}}
====發音====
* {{ajp-IPA|saʔʔaṭ<p:ˈsˤɑʔ.ʔɑtˤ><q:城市>|saɡɡaṭ<p:ˈsˤɑɡ.ɡɑtˤ><q:貝都因>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-سَقَّط.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}}
====動詞====
{{ajp-verb|II|head=سقّط|tr=saʔʔaṭ|pres=بسقّط|prestr=bisaʔʔeṭ}}
# [[推翻]]{{gloss|通常比喻}}
=====變位=====
{{ajp-conj/2A|س|ق|ط|s|ʔ|ṭ}}
rjh5j0za1d607shm6tdnluvt9wwc441
Module:Language-like
828
1424656
9934840
9882756
2026-09-30T15:38:27Z
TongcyDai
53191
同步 enwikt:+getPseudoFamilies
9934840
Scribunto
text/plain
local export = {}
local families_module = "Module:families"
local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities"
local table_module = "Module:table"
-- In a locally installed Docker container containing Wiktionary, Wikibase is typically not installed because it's
-- a real pain to get working properly. In such a case, `mw.wikibase` returns nil. We now have checks in the code
-- below so it does reasonable things in the absence of Wikibase.
local wikibase = mw.wikibase
local category_name_has_suffix -- defined as export.categoryNameHasSuffix below
local get_entity = wikibase and wikibase.getEntity or nil
local get_entity_id_for_title = wikibase and wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle or nil
local gsub = string.gsub
local ipairs = ipairs
local match = string.match
local select = select
local sitelink = wikibase and wikibase.sitelink or nil
local type = type
local umatch = mw.ustring.match
--[==[
Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==]
local function case_insensitive_pattern(...)
case_insensitive_pattern = require(string_utilities_module).case_insensitive_pattern
return case_insensitive_pattern(...)
end
local function table_flatten(...)
table_flatten = require(table_module).flatten
return table_flatten(...)
end
--[==[
Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==]
local content_lang
local function get_content_lang()
content_lang, get_content_lang = mw.getContentLanguage(), nil
return content_lang
end
-- Implementation of getAliases() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getAliases(self)
local aliases = self._aliases
if aliases == nil then
aliases = (self._data or self).aliases or {}
self._aliases = aliases
end
return aliases
end
-- Implementation of getVarieties() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems. If `flatten` is passed in,
-- flatten down to a list of strings; otherwise, keep the structure.
function export.getVarieties(self, flatten)
local varieties = self._varieties
if varieties == nil then
varieties = (self._data or self).varieties or {}
self._varieties = varieties
end
if not flatten then
return varieties
end
local flattened_varieties = self._flattened_varieties
if flattened_varieties == nil then
flattened_varieties = table_flatten(varieties)
self._flattened_varieties = flattened_varieties
end
return flattened_varieties
end
-- Implementation of getOtherNames() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getOtherNames(self)
local other_names = self._other_names
if other_names == nil then
other_names = (self._data or self).other_names or {}
self._other_names = other_names
end
return other_names
end
-- Implementation of getAllNames() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getAllNames(self)
local all_names = self._allNames
if all_names == nil then
all_names = table_flatten{
self.getCanonicalNames and self:getCanonicalNames() or self:getCanonicalName(),
self:getAliases(),
self:getVarieties(),
self:getOtherNames(),
}
self._allNames = all_names
end
return all_names
end
function export.hasType(self, ...)
local n = select("#", ...)
if n == 0 then
error("Must specify at least one type.")
end
local types = self:getTypes()
if not types[...] then
return false
elseif n == 1 then
return true
end
local args = {...}
for i = 2, n do
if not types[args[i]] then
return false
end
end
return true
end
-- Implementation of template-callable getByCode() function for languages,
-- etymology languages, families and scripts. `item` is the language,
-- family or script in question; `args` is the arguments passed in by the
-- module invocation; `extra_processing`, if specified, is a function of
-- one argument (the requested property) and should return the value to
-- be returned to the caller, or nil if the property isn't recognized.
-- `extra_processing` is called after special-cased properties are handled
-- and before general-purpose processing code that works for all string
-- properties.
function export.templateGetByCode(args, extra_processing)
-- The item that the caller wanted to look up.
local item, itemname, list = args[1], args[2]
if itemname == "getAllNames" then
list = item:getAllNames()
elseif itemname == "getOtherNames" then
list = item:getOtherNames()
elseif itemname == "getAliases" then
list = item:getAliases()
elseif itemname == "getVarieties" then
list = item:getVarieties(true)
end
if list then
local index = args[3]; if index == "" then index = nil end
index = tonumber(index or error("Numeric index of the desired item in the list (parameter 3) has not been specified."))
return list[index] or ""
end
if itemname == "getFamily" and item.getFamily then
return item:getFamily():getCode()
end
if extra_processing then
local retval = extra_processing(itemname)
if retval then
return retval
end
end
if item[itemname] then
local ret = item[itemname](item)
if type(ret) == "string" then
return ret
end
error("The function \"" .. itemname .. "\" did not return a string value.")
end
error("Requested invalid item name \"" .. itemname .. "\".")
end
-- Implementation of getCommonsCategory() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getWikidataItem(self)
local item = self._WikidataItem
if item == nil then
item = (self._data or self)[2]
-- If the value is nil, it's cached as false.
item = item ~= nil and (type(item) == "number" and "Q" .. item or item) or false
self._WikidataItem = item
end
return item or nil
end
do
local function get_wiki_article(self, project)
local article
-- l10n: 維基百科連結指向中文維基
if project == "zhwiki" then
article = (self._data or self).wikipedia_article
if article then
return article
end
end
-- Otherwise, check the Wikidata item for a sitelink.
local item = self:getWikidataItem()
article = item and sitelink and sitelink(item, project) or false
if article then
return article
end
-- If there's still no article, try the parent (if any).
local get_parent = self.getParent
if get_parent then
local parent = get_parent(self)
if parent then
return get_wiki_article(parent, project)
end
end
return false
end
-- Implementation of getWikipediaArticle() for languages, etymology languages,
-- families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getWikipediaArticle(self, noCategoryFallback, project)
if project == nil then
project = "zhwiki" -- l10n
end
local article
if project == "zhwiki" then
article = self._wikipedia_article
if article == nil then
article = get_wiki_article(self, project)
self._wikipedia_article = article
end
else
-- If the project isn't zhwiki, default to no category fallback, but
-- this can be overridden by specifying the value `false`.
if noCategoryFallback == nil then
noCategoryFallback = true
end
local non_en_wikipedia_articles = self._non_en_wikipedia_articles
if non_en_wikipedia_articles == nil then
non_en_wikipedia_articles = {}
self._non_en_wikipedia_articles = non_en_wikipedia_articles
else
article = non_en_wikipedia_articles[project]
end
if article == nil then
article = get_wiki_article(self, project)
non_en_wikipedia_articles[project] = article
end
end
if article or noCategoryFallback then
return article or nil
end
return (gsub(self:getCategoryName(), "Creole language", "Creole"))
end
end
do
local function get_commons_cat_claim(item)
if item then
local entity = get_entity and get_entity(item) or nil
if entity then
-- P373 is the "Commons category" property.
local claim = entity:getBestStatements("P373")[1]
return claim and ("Category:" .. claim.mainsnak.datavalue.value) or nil
end
end
end
local function get_commons_cat_sitelink(item)
if item then
local commons_sitelink = sitelink and sitelink(item, "commonswiki") or nil
-- Reject any sitelinks that aren't categories.
return commons_sitelink and match(commons_sitelink, "^Category:") and commons_sitelink or nil
end
end
local function get_commons_cat(self)
-- Checks are in decreasing order of likelihood for a useful match.
-- Get the Commons Category claim from the object's item.
local lang_item = self:getWikidataItem()
local category = get_commons_cat_claim(lang_item)
if category then
return category
end
-- Otherwise, try the object's category's item.
local langcat_item = get_entity_id_for_title and get_entity_id_for_title("Category:" .. self:getCategoryName()) or nil
category = get_commons_cat_claim(langcat_item)
if category then
return category
end
-- If there's no P373 claim, there might be a sitelink on the
-- object's category's item.
category = get_commons_cat_sitelink(langcat_item)
if category then
return category
end
-- Otherwise, try for a sitelink on the object's own item.
category = get_commons_cat_sitelink(lang_item)
if category then
return category
end
-- If there's still no category, try the parent (if any).
local get_parent = self.getParent
if get_parent then
local parent = get_parent(self)
if parent then
return get_commons_cat(parent)
end
end
return false
end
-- Implementation of getCommonsCategory() for languages, etymology
-- languages, families, scripts and writing systems.
function export.getCommonsCategory(self)
local category
category = self._commons_category
-- Nil values cached as false.
if category ~= nil then
return category or nil
end
category = get_commons_cat(self)
self._commons_category = category
return category or nil
end
end
function export.categoryNameHasSuffix(name, suffixes)
for _, suffix in ipairs(suffixes) do
if umatch(name, "%f[%w]" .. case_insensitive_pattern(suffix, "^.") .. "$") then
return false
end
end
return true
end
category_name_has_suffix = export.categoryNameHasSuffix
function export.categoryNameToCode(name, suffix, data, suffixes)
local truncated = match(name, "(.*)" .. suffix .. "$")
if truncated and category_name_has_suffix(truncated, suffixes) then
local code = data[truncated]
if code ~= nil then
return code, truncated
end
truncated = (content_lang or get_content_lang()):lcfirst(truncated)
code = data[truncated]
if code ~= nil then
return code, truncated
end
end
if not category_name_has_suffix(name, suffixes) then
local code = data[name]
if code ~= nil then
return code, name
end
name = (content_lang or get_content_lang()):lcfirst(name)
code = data[name]
if code ~= nil then
return code, name
end
end
return nil, nil
end
-- If a language has no specified pseudo-family but its or its family's code begins with one or these prefixes,
-- assign it to the specified pseudo-family. Note that we don't do this across-the-board because there are (currently)
-- some families whose code begins with `nai-` but are considered in the `cai` pseudo-family.
local pseudo_family_prefixes = {
cai = true,
nai = true,
paa = true,
sai = true,
sgn = true,
}
-- Implementation of getPseudoFamilies() for languages, etymology languages
-- and families.
function export.getPseudoFamilies(self)
local pseudo_families = self._pseudo_families
local function insert_pseudo_family(code)
local fam = require(families_module).getByCode(code)
if not fam then
mw.log(("WARNING: Unrecognized pseudo-family code '%s'"):format(code))
else
table.insert(pseudo_families, fam)
end
end
if pseudo_families == nil then
pseudo_families = {}
local pseudo_family_string = (self._data or self).pseudo_families
if pseudo_family_string then
local pseudo_family_codes = require(string_utilities_module).split(pseudo_family_string, "%s*,%s*")
for _, code in ipairs(pseudo_family_codes) do
insert_pseudo_family(code)
end
end
if not pseudo_families[1] then
-- Check the parent. If it's a full language, we will have to fetch the extra data to get the
-- list of pseudo-families.
local get_parent = self.getParent
if get_parent then
local parent = get_parent(self)
if parent then
local parent_code = parent:getCode()
if pseudo_family_prefixes[parent_code] then
insert_pseudo_family(parent_code)
else
pseudo_families = parent:getPseudoFamilies()
end
end
end
end
if not pseudo_families[1] then
-- Check the family to see if it's in any pseudo-families.
local get_family = self.getFamily
if get_family then
local family = get_family(self)
if family then
local family_code = family:getCode()
if pseudo_family_prefixes[family_code] then
insert_pseudo_family(family_code)
elseif family_code ~= self:getCode() then -- qfa-not has itself as a family.
pseudo_families = family:getPseudoFamilies()
end
end
end
end
if not pseudo_families[1] then
local prefix = self:getCode():match("^([a-z][a-z][a-z])%-")
if prefix and pseudo_family_prefixes[prefix] then
insert_pseudo_family(prefix)
end
end
self._pseudo_families = pseudo_families
end
return pseudo_families
end
return export
dzob89uf4mc8frizdho6o6itbsqzscr
قبول
0
1424771
9935473
9507787
2026-09-30T16:22:08Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935473
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ق ب ل}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-IPA|قَبُول}}
* {{ar-IPA|قُبُول}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|قَبُول|m|head2=قُبُول}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|قَبِلَ|form=I}}
# [[同意]],[[接受]]
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|3|37}}
#*: {{quote|ar|فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِ'''قَبُولٍ''' حَسَنٍ وَأَنبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا|subst=فَتَقَبَّلَهَا/فَ-تَقَبَّلَ-هَا,رَبُّهَا/رَبُّ-هَا,بِ'''قَبُولٍ'''/بِ-'''قَبُولٍ''',وَأَنبَتَهَا/وَ-أَنْبَتَ-هَا,وَكَفَّلَهَا/وَ-كَفَّلَ-هَا|t=她的主接受了她,並使她健全的成長,且使宰凱裡雅撫育她。}}
# [[南風]],[[東風]]
# [[美麗]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|قَبُول|head2=قُبُول}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|qəbul|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ყაბული|bor=1}}
* {{desc|axm|ղապուլ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|ղաբուլ|alts=1}}
* {{desc|ota|قبول|tr=kabul|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|kabul}}
* {{desctree|fa|قبول|tr=qabul|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|قوبۇل|bor=1}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|fa|ar|قَبُول||同意,接受}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|q|a|b|ū|l}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|قبول|قبول|қабул}}
{{fa-noun|tr=qabul}}
# [[同意]],[[接受]]
#: {{syn|fa|پذیرش|tr=pazireš}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|قبول کردن|tr=qabul kardan}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|কবুল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|કબૂલ|bor=1}}
* {{tooltip|borrowed|→}}印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|क़बूल}}
*: {{desc|ur|قبول|tr=qubūl}}
* {{desc|mr|कबूल|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਕਬੂਲ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|قَبول|sclang=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ur|ar|قُبُول}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|qubūl}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=qubūl|hi=क़बूल|head=قُبُول}}
# [[同意]],[[接受]]
# [[遵從]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ur|قبول کرنا|tr=qubūl karna}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:Platts}}
f3373a9rrodfrygssi6bdehf9r3e3mu
Module:Data consistency check
828
1425587
9934924
9292188
2026-09-30T16:04:55Z
TongcyDai
53191
同步 enwikt
9934924
Scribunto
text/plain
-- TODO:
-- ietf_subtag field used with a 2/3-letter language/family code except qaa-qtz, or a 4-letter script code.
-- Check against files containing up-to-date ISO data, to cross-check validity.
local export = {}
local mw = mw
local require = require
local string = string
local m_en_utilities = require("Module:en-utilities")
local m_etym_languages_canonical_names = require("Module:etymology languages/canonical names")
local m_etym_languages_codes = require("Module:etymology languages/code to canonical name")
local m_etym_languages_data = require("Module:etymology languages/data")
local m_families = require("Module:families")
local m_families_canonical_names = require("Module:families/canonical names")
local m_families_codes = require("Module:families/code to canonical name")
local m_families_data = require("Module:families/data")
local m_languages = require("Module:languages")
local m_languages_canonical_names = require("Module:languages/canonical names")
local m_languages_codes = require("Module:languages/code to canonical name")
local m_languages_data_all = require("Module:languages/data/all")
local m_load = require("Module:load")
local m_scripts = require("Module:scripts")
local m_scripts_canonical_names = require("Module:scripts/canonical names")
local m_scripts_codes = require("Module:scripts/code to canonical name")
local m_scripts_data = require("Module:scripts/data")
local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")
local m_table = require("Module:table")
local add_indefinite_article = m_en_utilities.add_indefinite_article
local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local extend = m_table.extend
local format = string.format
local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint
local get_data_module_name = m_languages.getDataModuleName
local get_family_by_code = m_families.getByCode
local get_family_by_canonical_name = m_families.getByCanonicalName
local get_indefinite_article = m_en_utilities.get_indefinite_article
local get_language_by_code = m_languages.getByCode
local get_language_by_canonical_name = m_languages.getByCanonicalName
local get_script_by_code = m_scripts.getByCode
local get_script_by_canonical_name = m_scripts.getByCanonicalName
local gmatch = string.gmatch
local gsub = string.gsub
local insert = table.insert
local ipairs = ipairs
local is_callable = require("Module:fun").is_callable
local is_positive_integer = require("Module:math").is_positive_integer
local is_known_language_tag = mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag
local isutf8 = mw.ustring.isutf8
local json_decode = mw.text.jsonDecode
local language_link = require("Module:links").language_link
local list_to_set = m_table.listToSet
local list_to_text = mw.text.listToText
local load_data = m_load.load_data
local log = mw.log
local main_loader = package.loaders[2]
local make_family = m_families.makeObject
local make_lang = m_languages.makeObject
local make_script = m_scripts.makeObject
local match = string.match
local new_title = mw.title.new
local next = next
local pairs = pairs
local pcall = pcall
local remove_comments = require("Module:string/removeComments")
local safe_require = m_load.safe_require
local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs
local split = m_str_utils.split
local sub = string.sub
local table_len = m_table.length
local tag_text = require("Module:script utilities").tag_text
local type = type
local umatch = m_str_utils.match
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility
local aliases = require("Module:languages/data").aliases
local messages
local function discrepancy(modname, ...)
local success, result = pcall(function(...)
if not messages[modname] then
messages[modname] = {}
end
insert(messages[modname], format(...))
end, ...)
if not success then
log(result, ...)
end
end
local all_codes = {}
local language_names = {}
local etym_language_names = {}
local family_names = {}
local script_names = {}
local nonempty_families = {}
local allowed_empty_families = {tbq = true}
local nonempty_scripts = {}
local function link(obj, code_first)
return type(obj) == "string" and obj or
code_first and format("<code>%s</code> (%s)", obj:getCode(), obj:makeCategoryLink()) or
format("%s (<code>%s</code>)", obj:makeCategoryLink(), obj:getCode())
end
local function check_data_keys(list)
local valid_keys = list_to_set(list)
return function (modname, obj, data)
local invalid_keys
for k in pairs(data) do
if not valid_keys[k] then
if not invalid_keys then
invalid_keys = {}
else
insert(invalid_keys, k)
end
end
end
if invalid_keys == nil then
return
end
local plural = #invalid_keys ~= 1
for i, key in ipairs(invalid_keys) do
invalid_keys[i] = "<code>" .. key .. "</code>"
end
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料鍵%s%s%s無效。",
link(obj),
plural and "們" or "",
concat(invalid_keys, "、"),
plural and "均" or ""
)
end
end
-- Modification of isArray in [[Module:table]].
-- This assumes all keys are either integers or non-numbers.
-- If there are fractional numbers, the results might be incorrect.
-- For instance, find_gap{"a", "b", [0.5] = true} evaluates to 3, but there
-- isn't a gap at 3 in the sense of there being an integer key greater than 3.
local function find_gap(t, can_contain_non_number_keys)
local i = 0
for k in pairs(t) do
if not (can_contain_non_number_keys and type(k) ~= "number") then
i = i + 1
if t[i] == nil then
return i
end
end
end
end
local function check_true_or_string_or_nil(modname, obj, data, key)
local field = data[key]
if not (field == nil or field == true or type(field) == "string") then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>值不是<code>nil</code>、<code>true</code>或字串:<code>%s</code>",
link(obj), key, dump(data[key])
)
end
end
local function check_array(modname, obj, data, array_name, parent_array_name, can_contain_non_number_keys)
local parent_table = data
if parent_array_name then
parent_table = assert(data[parent_array_name], parent_array_name)
parent_array_name = "<code>" .. parent_array_name .. "</code>欄位中的"
else
parent_array_name = ""
end
local array_type = type(parent_table[array_name])
if array_type == "table" then
local gap = find_gap(parent_table[array_name], can_contain_non_number_keys)
if gap then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中%s<code>%s</code>陣列在索引%d處有間隙。",
link(obj),
parent_array_name,
array_name,
gap
)
else
return true
end
else
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中%s<code>%s</code>欄位應為陣列(表格),但實際為%s。",
link(obj),
parent_array_name,
array_name,
array_type == "nil" and "nil" or array_type
)
end
end
local function check_no_alias_codes(modname, mod_data)
local lookup, discrepancies = {}, {}
for k, v in pairs(mod_data) do
local check = lookup[v]
if check then
discrepancies[check] = discrepancies[check] or {"<code>" .. check .. "</code>"}
insert(discrepancies[check], "<code>" .. k .. "</code>")
else
lookup[v] = k
end
end
for _, v in pairs(discrepancies) do
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼%s目前為別名代碼。資料中應只使用一個代碼。",
list_to_text(v, "、", "和")
)
end
end
local function check_wikidata_item(modname, obj, data, key)
local data_item = data[key]
if data_item == nil or is_positive_integer(data_item) then
return
end
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的維基數據項目ID不是正整數:<code>%s</code>",
link(obj), dump(data_item)
)
end
local function check_name_field(modname, obj, data, canonical_names, data_key, allow_nested, allow_canonical_name_in_table)
local array = data[data_key]
if not array then
return
end
check_array(modname, obj, data, data_key, nil, true)
local names = {}
local function check_other_name(other_name)
if not allow_canonical_name_in_table and canonical_names[other_name] then
local formatted_names = {}
for name, _ in pairs(canonical_names) do
insert(formatted_names, ("<code>%s</code>"):format(name))
end
table.sort(formatted_names)
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>表格中重複了其規範名稱(%s)。",
link(obj), data_key, list_to_text(formatted_names, "、", "和")
)
end
if names[other_name] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>清單中,名稱%s出現兩次或更多。",
link(obj), data_key, other_name
)
end
names[other_name] = true
end
for _, other_name in ipairs(array) do
if type(other_name) == "table" then
if not allow_nested then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>清單中發現巢狀表格,但此處不允許。",
link(obj), data_key
)
else
for _, on in ipairs(other_name) do
check_other_name(on)
end
end
else
check_other_name(other_name)
end
end
end
local function check_other_names_aliases_varieties(modname, obj, data, canonical_name)
local canonical_names = {}
if type(canonical_name) == "table" then -- script code `Aran` etc.
for _, name in pairs(canonical_name) do
canonical_names[name] = true
end
else
canonical_names[canonical_name] = true
end
if data.other_names then
check_name_field(modname, obj, data, canonical_names, "other_names")
end
if data.aliases then
check_name_field(modname, obj, data, canonical_names, "aliases")
end
if data.varieties then
-- Sometimes a variety legitimately has the same name as the language as a whole, so allow that.
check_name_field(modname, obj, data, canonical_names, "varieties", "allow_nested", "allow_canonical_name_in_table")
end
end
local function validate_pattern(pattern, modname, obj, standard_chars)
if type(pattern) ~= "string" then
return discrepancy(modname,
"「%s」,%s的%s模式,不是字串。",
pattern, link(obj), standard_chars and "標準字符" or ""
)
elseif not isutf8(pattern) then
return discrepancy(modname,
"%s指定的%s字符偵測模式不是有效的UTF-8:<code>%s</code>",
link(obj), standard_chars and "標準" or "", dump(pattern)
)
end
local ranges
for lower, higher in gmatch(pattern, "(.[\128-\191]*)%-%%?(.[\128-\191]*)") do
if codepoint(lower) >= codepoint(higher) then
ranges = ranges or {}
insert(ranges, { lower, higher })
end
end
if ranges and ranges[1] then
local plural = #ranges ~= 1 and "些" or "個"
for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
ranges[i] = format(range[1] .. "-" .. range[2] .. "(U+%X,U+%X)", codepoint(range[1]), codepoint(range[2]))
end
discrepancy(modname,
"%s指定的%s字符偵測模式無效:<code>%s</code>。範圍%s%s中的第一個字碼點%s必須小於或等於第二個。",
link(obj), standard_chars and "標準" or "", dump(pattern), plural,
concat(ranges, "、"),
#ranges ~= 1 and "們" or ""
)
end
local success, result = pcall(umatch, "", "[" .. pattern .. "]")
if not success then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s指定的%s字符偵測模式無效:<code>%s</code>(%s)",
link(obj), standard_chars and "標準" or "", dump(pattern), result
)
end
end
local remove_exceptions_addition = 0xF0000
local maximum_code_point = 0x10FFFF
local remove_exceptions_maximum_code_point = maximum_code_point - remove_exceptions_addition
-- TODO: check modules exist.
-- TODO: validate script codes and check inner tables.
local function check_replacement_data(modname, obj, data, key, func_name)
local replacements = data[key]
if replacements == nil then
return
end
local replacements_type = type(replacements)
if replacements_type == "string" then
local mod = main_loader("Module:" .. replacements)
if not mod then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>%s</code>欄位指定的模組[[Module:%s]]不存在。",
link(obj), key, replacements
)
else
mod = mod()
if not (type(mod) == "table" and is_callable(mod[func_name])) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>%s</code>欄位指定的模組[[Module:%s]]存在,但不包含預期的函數<code>%s()</code>。",
link(obj), key, replacements, func_name
)
end
end
return
elseif replacements_type ~= "table" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>%s</code>欄位必須是字串或表格,而非%s。",
link(obj), key, replacements_type
)
return
end
local from, to = replacements.from, replacements.to
if (from ~= nil) ~= (to ~= nil) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>表格中<code>from</code>和<code>to</code>陣列未同時定義或同時未定義。",
link(obj), key
)
elseif from then
for _, k in ipairs {"from", "to"} do
check_array(modname, obj, data, k, key)
end
end
local remove_diacritics = replacements.remove_diacritics
if not (remove_diacritics == nil or type(remove_diacritics) == "string") then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>表格中<code>remove_diacritics</code>欄位必須是字串。",
link(obj), key
)
end
local remove_exceptions = replacements.remove_exceptions
if remove_exceptions then
if check_array(modname, obj, data, "remove_exceptions", key) then
for sequence_i, sequence in ipairs(remove_exceptions) do
local code_point_i = 0
for code_point in gcodepoint(sequence) do
code_point_i = code_point_i + 1
if code_point > remove_exceptions_maximum_code_point then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>remove_exceptions</code>陣列第%d個欄位中第%d個字碼點(0x%04X)超過U+%04X。",
link(obj), sequence_i, code_point_i, code_point, remove_exceptions_maximum_code_point
)
end
end
end
end
end
if from and to and table_len(to) > table_len(from) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>%s</code>表格中<code>from</code>陣列必須短於或等於<code>to</code>陣列的長度。",
link(obj), key
)
end
end
local function check_replacements_data(modname, obj, data)
for _, replacement_spec in ipairs{
{"translit", "tr"},
{"display_text", "makeDisplayText"},
{"strip_diacritics", "stripDiacritics"},
{"sort_key", "makeSortKey"},
} do
check_replacement_data(modname, obj, data, unpack(replacement_spec))
end
end
local function has_ancestor(lang, code)
for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do
if code == anc:getCode() or has_ancestor(anc, code) then
return true
end
end
end
local function get_default_ancestors(lang)
if lang:hasType("language", "etymology-only") then
local parent = lang:getParent()
if not has_ancestor(parent, lang:getCode()) then
return parent:getAncestorCodes()
end
end
local fam_code = lang:getFamilyCode()
local def_anc
while fam_code and fam_code ~= "qfa-not" do
local fam = m_families_data[fam_code]
def_anc = fam.protoLanguage or
m_languages_data_all[fam_code .. "-pro"] and fam_code .. "-pro" or
m_etym_languages_data[fam_code .. "-pro"] and fam_code .. "-pro"
if def_anc and def_anc ~= lang:getCode() then
return {def_anc}
end
fam_code = fam[3]
end
end
local function iterate_ancestor(obj, modname, anc_code)
local anc = get_language_by_code(anc_code, nil, true)
if not anc then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s將無效的語言代碼<code>%s</code>列為其祖先。",
link(obj), dump(anc_code)
)
return
end
local anc_fam = anc:getFamily()
if not anc_fam then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s沒有語族。",
link(anc)
)
return
end
local anc_fam_code = anc_fam:getCode()
local def_ancs = get_default_ancestors(obj)
if def_ancs then
for _, def_anc in ipairs(def_ancs) do
def_anc = get_language_by_code(def_anc, nil, true)
if def_anc and (
anc_code == def_anc:getCode() or
has_ancestor(def_anc, anc_code) or
def_anc:hasParent(anc_code) and not has_ancestor(anc, def_anc:getCode())
) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在其祖先欄位中列出祖先%s,這是多餘的,因為它已被自動確定為祖先。",
link(obj), link(anc)
)
end
end
end
if not obj:inFamily(anc_fam_code) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s將%s設為祖先,但並不在%s中。",
link(obj), link(anc), link(anc_fam)
)
end
local fam, proto = obj
repeat
fam = fam:getFamily()
proto = fam and fam:getProtoLanguage()
until proto or not fam or fam:getCode() == "qfa-not"
if proto and not (
proto:getCode() == anc:getCode() or
proto:hasAncestor(anc:getCode()) or
anc:hasAncestor(proto:getCode())
) then
fam = obj:getFamily()
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在%s中,並將%s設為祖先,但無法在它們之間形成祖先鏈。",
link(obj), link(fam), link(anc)
)
end
end
local function check_ancestors(modname, obj, data)
local ancestors = data.ancestors
if ancestors == nil then
return
end
local ancestors_type = type(ancestors)
if ancestors_type == "string" then
ancestors = split(ancestors, ",", true, true)
elseif ancestors_type ~= "table" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>ancestors</code>欄位必須是字串或表格,而非%s。",
link(obj), ancestors_type
)
end
for _, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do
iterate_ancestor(obj, modname, anc)
end
end
local function check_wikimedia_codes(modname, obj, data)
local wikimedia_codes = data.wikimedia_codes
if wikimedia_codes == nil then
return
end
local wikimedia_codes_type = type(wikimedia_codes)
if wikimedia_codes_type == "string" then
wikimedia_codes = split(wikimedia_codes, ",", true, true)
elseif wikimedia_codes_type ~= "table" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>wikimedia_codes</code>欄位必須是字串或表格,而非%s。",
link(obj), wikimedia_codes_type
)
end
for _, code in ipairs(wikimedia_codes) do
if not is_known_language_tag(code) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在<code>wikimedia_codes</code>欄位中列出無效的維基媒體代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(code)
)
end
end
end
local function check_pseudo_families(modname, obj, data)
local pseudo_families = data.pseudo_families
if pseudo_families == nil then
return
elseif type(pseudo_families) ~= "string" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>pseudo_families</code>欄位必須是字串,而非%s。",
link(obj), type(pseudo_families)
)
return
end
-- Pseudo-families (`paa`, `qfa-jew` etc.) get their members through this field instead of the family field, so count them here too.
for _, family in ipairs(split(pseudo_families, "%s*,%s*", true)) do
if not m_families_data[family] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s列出無效的偽語族代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(family)
)
end
nonempty_families[family] = true
end
end
local function check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps(
source_module_type,
source_module_description,
code_to_module_map, name_to_code_map,
code_to_name_modname, code_to_name_module,
name_to_code_modname, name_to_code_module
)
local function check_code_and_name(modname, code, canonical_name)
-- Script codes like `Aran:pa` stand for the name a script has in one language (see `Aran` in [[Module:scripts/data]]).
local base_code, lang_code = match(code, "^([^:]+):(.+)$")
base_code = base_code or code
-- Check the code is in code_to_module_map and that it didn't originate from the wrong data module.
local check_mod = code_to_module_map[base_code] or code_to_module_map[aliases[base_code]]
if not (check_mod and match(check_mod, "^" .. source_module_type .. "/data")) then
if not name_to_code_map[canonical_name] then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>和規範名稱%s應該移除;它們在%s中未找到。",
code, canonical_name, source_module_description
)
else
discrepancy(modname,
"規範名稱%s的代碼<code>%s</code>錯誤;應該是<code>%s</code>。",
canonical_name, code, name_to_code_map[canonical_name] .. (lang_code and ":" .. lang_code or "")
)
end
elseif lang_code then
local names = require("Module:" .. check_mod)[base_code][1]
local expected_name = type(names) == "table" and lang_code ~= "default" and names[lang_code] or nil
if expected_name == nil then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>和規範名稱%s應該移除;<code>%s</code>沒有<code>%s</code>專屬的名稱。",
code, canonical_name, base_code, lang_code
)
elseif canonical_name ~= expected_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>的規範名稱%s錯誤;應該是%s。",
code, canonical_name, expected_name
)
end
elseif not name_to_code_map[canonical_name] then
local expected_name = require("Module:" .. code_to_module_map[code])[code][1]
if type(expected_name) == "table" then
expected_name = expected_name.default
end
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>的規範名稱%s錯誤;應該是%s。",
code, canonical_name, expected_name
)
end
end
for code, canonical_name in pairs(code_to_name_module) do
check_code_and_name(code_to_name_modname, code, canonical_name)
end
for canonical_name, code in pairs(name_to_code_module) do
check_code_and_name(name_to_code_modname, code, canonical_name)
end
end
local function check_extraneous_extra_data(
data_modname, data_module, extra_data_modname, extra_data_module)
for code, _ in pairs(extra_data_module) do
if not data_module[code] then
discrepancy(extra_data_modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>在[[Module:%s]]中未找到,應從[[Module:%s]]中移除。",
code, data_modname, extra_data_modname
)
end
end
end
-- Keys found in both full and etymology-only languages.
local full_and_etym_only_keys = {
1, 2, 3, 4, -- canonical name, Wikidata item, family, scripts
"display_text", "generate_alternants", "strip_diacritics", "sort_key",
"other_names", "aliases", "varieties", "ietf_subtag",
"type", "ancestors", "pseudo_families",
"wikimedia_codes", "wikipedia_article", "standard_chars",
"translit", "override_translit", "link_tr",
"dotted_dotless_i"
}
-- Extra keys found only in etymology-only languages.
local extra_etym_only_keys = {
"parent", "main_code",
}
-- TODO: add collision check between the canonical names "X" and "X [Ll]anguage".
local function check_languages(frame)
local check_language_data_keys = check_data_keys(full_and_etym_only_keys)
local function check_language(modname, code, data, extra_modname, extra_data)
local obj, code_modname, canonical_name = make_lang(code, data, true), get_data_module_name(code), data[1]
-- FIXME: this module should use the prefixed module name throughout.
code_modname = code_modname:gsub("^Module:", "")
if code_modname ~= modname then
if code_modname == "languages/data/2" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s是雙字母代碼,因此應移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), code_modname
)
elseif code_modname == "languages/data/exceptional" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s是例外代碼,因為它不由兩或三個小寫字母組成,因此應移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), code_modname
)
else
discrepancy(modname,
"%s是以「%s」開頭的三字母代碼,因此應移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), sub(code, 1, 1), code_modname
)
end
end
check_language_data_keys(modname, obj, data)
if all_codes[code] then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>不唯一;同時定義於[[Module:%s]]。",
code, all_codes[code]
)
else
if not m_languages_codes[code] then
discrepancy("languages/code to canonical name",
"代碼%s缺失。",
link(obj, true)
)
end
all_codes[code] = modname
end
-- TODO: these checks should be consolidated with the proto-language checks in the family data,
-- since bad settings there affect the warnings here (e.g. xxx-pro assigned to yyy when xxx also
-- doesn't not exist - a warning that xxx has "no family" would be misleading).
if sub(code, -4) == "-pro" then
local fam_code = sub(code, 1, -5)
local fam = get_language_by_code(fam_code, nil, true, true)
if not fam then
discrepancy(modname,
"'''無語族的原始語言''':%s應為<code>%s</code>的原始語言,但該代碼不存在。",
link(obj), dump(fam_code)
)
elseif not fam:hasType("family") then
discrepancy(modname,
"'''無語族的原始語言''':%s應為<code>%s</code>的原始語言,但%s不是語族。",
link(obj), dump(fam_code), link(fam)
)
else
-- Reinstate this as low-priority once message priorities have been implemented.
-- local expected_name = "原始" .. fam:getCanonicalName() .. "語"
-- if canonical_name ~= expected_name then
-- discrepancy(modname,
-- "%s沒有預期的名稱「%s」,儘管它是%s的原始語言。",
-- link(obj), expected_name, link(fam)
-- )
-- end
end
end
if not canonical_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>沒有指定規範名稱。",
code
)
elseif language_names[canonical_name] then
local canonical_lang = get_language_by_canonical_name(canonical_name)
if not canonical_lang then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱無法查找。",
link(obj)
)
elseif data.main_code ~= canonical_lang:getCode() then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱不唯一;同時被代碼<code>%s</code>使用。",
link(obj), language_names[canonical_name]
)
end
else
if not m_languages_canonical_names[canonical_name] then
discrepancy("languages/canonical names",
"規範名稱%s缺失。",
link(obj)
)
end
language_names[canonical_name] = code
end
check_wikidata_item(modname, obj, data, 2)
if extra_data then
check_other_names_aliases_varieties(modname, obj, extra_data, canonical_name)
end
local lang_type = data.type
if lang_type and not (lang_type == "regular" or lang_type == "reconstructed" or lang_type == "appendix-constructed") then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的類型<code>%s</code>無效。",
link(obj), lang_type
)
end
if data.aliases then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在[[Module:%s]]中有<code>aliases</code>鍵。這必須移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), modname, extra_modname
)
end
if data.varieties then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在[[Module:%s]]中有<code>varieties</code>鍵。這必須移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), modname, extra_modname
)
end
if data.other_names then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s在[[Module:%s]]中有<code>other_names</code>鍵。這必須移至[[Module:%s]]。",
link(obj), modname, extra_modname
)
end
if not extra_data then
discrepancy(extra_modname,
"%s在[[Module:%s]]中有資料,但在[[Module:%s]]中沒有對應的資料。",
link(obj), modname, extra_modname
)
--[[elseif extra_data.other_names then
discrepancy(extra_modname,
"%s has <code>other_names</code> key, but these should be changed to either <code>aliases</code> or <code>varieties</code>.",
link(obj)
)]]
end
local sc = data[4]
if sc then
if type(sc) == "string" then
sc = split(sc, "%s*,%s*", true)
end
if type(sc) == "table" then
if not sc[1] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s沒有列出文字。",
link(obj)
)
else
for _, sccode in ipairs(sc) do
local cur_sc = m_scripts_data[sccode]
if not (cur_sc or sccode == "All" or sccode == "Hants") then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s列出無效的文字代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(sccode)
)
--[[elseif not cur_sc.characters then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s lists the %s, which does not have any characters.",
link(obj), link(get_script_by_code(sccode))
)]]
end
nonempty_scripts[sccode] = true
end
end
else
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的第%d個欄位必須是表格或字串。",
link(obj), 4
)
end
end
if data.ancestors then
check_ancestors(modname, obj, data)
end
if data.wikimedia_codes then
check_wikimedia_codes(modname, obj, data)
end
if data[3] then
local family = data[3]
if not m_families_data[family] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s有無效的語族代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(family)
)
end
nonempty_families[family] = true
end
check_pseudo_families(modname, obj, data)
if extra_data then
check_pseudo_families(extra_modname, obj, extra_data)
end
check_replacements_data(modname, obj, data)
if data.standard_chars then
if type(data.standard_chars) == "table" then
local sccodes = {}
for _, sccode in ipairs(sc) do
sccodes[sccode] = true
end
for sccode in pairs(data.standard_chars) do
if not (sccodes[sccode] or sccode == 1) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的<code>standard_chars</code>表格中欄位%s與該語言的任何文字不符。",
link(obj), sccode
)
end
end
elseif data.standard_chars and type(data.standard_chars) ~= "string" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的資料表中<code>standard_chars</code>欄位必須是字串或表格。",
link(obj)
)
end
end
check_true_or_string_or_nil(modname, obj, data, "override_translit")
check_true_or_string_or_nil(modname, obj, data, "link_tr")
-- This doesn't apply any more since scripts can be script-wide translit methods.
-- if data.override_translit and not data.translit then
-- discrepancy(modname,
-- "%s has the <code>override_translit</code> field set, but no transliteration module",
-- link(obj)
-- )
-- end
end
local function check_module(modname)
local mod_data = load_data("Module:" .. modname)
local extra_modname = modname .. "/extra"
local extra_mod_data = load_data("Module:" .. extra_modname)
for code, data in pairs(mod_data) do
check_language(modname, code, data, extra_modname, extra_mod_data[code])
end
check_no_alias_codes(modname, mod_data)
check_no_alias_codes(extra_modname, extra_mod_data)
check_extraneous_extra_data(modname, mod_data, extra_modname, extra_mod_data)
end
-- Check two-letter codes
check_module(
"languages/data/2"
)
-- Check three-letter codes
for i = 0x61, 0x7A do -- a to z
check_module(
format("languages/data/3/%c", i)
)
end
-- Check exceptional codes
check_module(
"languages/data/exceptional"
)
-- These checks must be done while all_codes only contains language codes:
-- that is, after language data modules have been processed, but before
-- etymology languages, families, and scripts have.
check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps(
"languages",
"[[Module:languages]]的子模組",
all_codes, language_names,
"languages/code to canonical name", m_languages_codes,
"languages/canonical names", m_languages_canonical_names
)
-- Check [[Template:langname-lite]]
local modname = "Template:langname-lite"
for code, name in gmatch(remove_comments(new_title(modname):getContent()), "\n\t*|#*([^\n]+)=([^\n]*)") do
if #code > 1 and code ~= "default" then
for _, code in pairs(split(code, "|", true)) do
local lang = get_language_by_code(code, nil, true, true)
if match(name, "etymcode") then
local nonEtym_name = frame:preprocess(name)
local nonEtym_real_name = lang:getFullName()
if nonEtym_name ~= nonEtym_real_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼:<code>%s</code>。看到的名稱:%s。預期的名稱:%s。",
code, nonEtym_name, nonEtym_real_name
)
end
name = frame:preprocess(gsub(name, "{{{allow etym|}}}", "1"))
elseif match(name, "familycode") then
name = match(name, "familycode|(.-)|")
else
name = name
end
if not lang then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼:<code>%s</code>。看到的名稱:%s。語言在資料中不存在。",
code, name
)
else
local real_name = lang:getCanonicalName()
if name ~= real_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼:<code>%s</code>。看到的名稱:%s。預期的名稱:%s。",
code, name, real_name
)
end
end
end
end
end
end
local function check_etym_languages()
local modname = "etymology languages/data"
local etym_only_keys = {}
extend(etym_only_keys, full_and_etym_only_keys)
extend(etym_only_keys, extra_etym_only_keys)
local check_etymology_language_data_keys = check_data_keys(etym_only_keys)
local checked = {}
for code, data in pairs(m_etym_languages_data) do
local obj, canonical_name, parent = make_lang(code, data, true), data[1], data.parent
check_etymology_language_data_keys(modname, obj, data)
if all_codes[code] then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>不唯一;同時定義於[[Module:%s]]。",
code, all_codes[code]
)
else
if not m_etym_languages_codes[code] then
discrepancy("etymology languages/code to canonical name",
"代碼%s缺失。",
link(obj, true)
)
end
all_codes[code] = modname
end
if not canonical_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>沒有指定規範名稱。",
code
)
elseif language_names[canonical_name] then
local canonical_lang = get_language_by_canonical_name(canonical_name, nil, true)
if not canonical_lang then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱無法查找。",
link(obj)
)
elseif data.main_code ~= canonical_lang:getCode() then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱不唯一;同時被代碼<code>%s</code>使用。",
link(obj), language_names[canonical_name]
)
end
else
if not m_etym_languages_canonical_names[canonical_name] then
discrepancy("etymology languages/canonical names",
"規範名稱%s缺失。",
link(obj)
)
end
etym_language_names[canonical_name] = code
end
check_other_names_aliases_varieties(modname, obj, data, canonical_name)
if parent then
if type(parent) ~= "string" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的父代碼是%s而非字串。",
link(obj), parent == nil and "nil" or type(parent)
)
elseif not (m_languages_data_all[parent] or m_etym_languages_data[parent]) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s有無效的父代碼<code>%s</code>%s。",
link(obj), dump(parent), m_families_data[parent] and "(語族代碼)" or ""
)
end
nonempty_families[parent] = true
else
discrepancy(modname,
"%s沒有父代碼。",
link(obj)
)
end
if data.ancestors then
check_ancestors(modname, obj, data)
end
if data.wikimedia_codes then
check_wikimedia_codes(modname, obj, data)
end
if data[3] then
local family = data[3]
if not m_families_data[family] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s有無效的語族代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(family))
end
nonempty_families[family] = true
end
check_pseudo_families(modname, obj, data)
check_replacements_data(modname, obj, data)
check_wikidata_item(modname, obj, data, 2)
local stack = {}
while data do
if checked[code] then
break
elseif stack[code] then
local parent = data.parent
discrepancy(modname,
"%s與%s有循環父關係",
link(make_lang(code, data, true)),
link(get_language_by_code(parent, nil, true))
)
break
end
stack[code] = true
code = data.parent
data = m_etym_languages_data[code]
end
for code, _ in pairs(stack) do
checked[code] = true
end
end
check_no_alias_codes(modname, m_etym_languages_data)
check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps(
"etymology languages",
"[[Module:etymology languages/data]]",
all_codes, etym_language_names,
"etymology languages/code to canonical name", m_etym_languages_codes,
"etymology languages/canonical names", m_etym_languages_canonical_names)
end
-- TODO: add collision check between the canonical names "X" and "X [Ll]anguages".
local function check_families()
local modname = "families/data"
local check_family_data_keys = check_data_keys {
1, 2, 3, -- canonical name, Wikidata item, (parent) family
"type", "ietf_subtag",
"protoLanguage", "other_names", "aliases", "varieties", "pseudo_families", "categoryName"
}
local checked, double_check_if_empty = {["qfa-not"] = true}, {}
for code, data in pairs(m_families_data) do
local obj, canonical_name, family, protolang = make_family(code, data), data[1], data[3], data.protoLanguage
check_family_data_keys(modname, obj, data)
if all_codes[code] then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>不唯一;同時定義於[[Module:%s]]。",
code, all_codes[code]
)
else
if not m_families_codes[code] then
discrepancy("families/code to canonical name",
"代碼%s缺失。",
link(obj, true)
)
end
all_codes[code] = modname
end
if not canonical_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>沒有指定規範名稱。",
code
)
elseif family_names[canonical_name] then
local canonical_family = get_family_by_canonical_name(canonical_name)
if not canonical_family then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱無法查找。",
link(obj)
)
elseif data.main_code ~= canonical_family:getCode() then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱不唯一;同時被代碼<code>%s</code>使用。",
link(obj), family_names[canonical_name]
)
end
else
if not m_families_canonical_names[canonical_name] then
discrepancy("families/canonical names",
"規範名稱%s缺失。",
link(obj)
)
end
family_names[canonical_name] = code
end
check_other_names_aliases_varieties(modname, obj, data, canonical_name)
if family then
if family == code and code ~= "qfa-not" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s將自己設為其語族。",
link(obj)
)
elseif not m_families_data[family] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s有無效的父語族代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(family)
)
end
nonempty_families[family] = true
end
check_pseudo_families(modname, obj, data)
if protolang then
local protolang_obj = get_language_by_code(protolang, nil, true)
if not protolang_obj then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s有無效的原始語言代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), dump(protolang)
)
elseif protolang == code .. "-pro" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s將%s列為其原始語言,這是多餘的,因為它已被自動確定為原始語言。",
link(obj), link(protolang_obj)
)
elseif sub(protolang, -4) == "-pro" then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s將%s列為其原始語言,但它應該是語族<code>%s</code>的原始語言。", link(obj), link(protolang_obj), sub(protolang, 1, -5)
)
end
end
check_wikidata_item(modname, obj, data, 2)
-- Could be a false-positive if a child family occurs on a later
-- iteration, so set aside any that fail for a second check. This avoids
-- having to iterate through the whole list of families once
-- nonempty_families has been fully populated.
if not (nonempty_families[code] or allowed_empty_families[code]) then
double_check_if_empty[code] = obj
end
local stack = {}
while data do
if checked[code] then
break
elseif stack[code] then
local parent = data[3]
discrepancy(modname,
"%s與%s有循環語族關係",
link(make_family(code, data)),
link(get_family_by_code(parent))
)
break
end
stack[code] = true
code = data[3]
data = m_families_data[code]
end
for code, _ in pairs(stack) do
checked[code] = true
end
end
-- Any languages set aside as candidates for having no children are checked
-- again, now that nonempty_families is definitely complete.
for code, obj in next, double_check_if_empty do
if not (nonempty_families[code] or allowed_empty_families[code]) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s沒有子語族或語言。",
link(obj)
)
end
end
check_no_alias_codes(modname, m_families_data)
check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps(
"families",
"[[Module:families/data]]",
all_codes, family_names,
"families/code to canonical name", m_families_codes,
"families/canonical names", m_families_canonical_names)
end
-- TODO: add collision check between the canonical names "X" and "X [Ss]cript".
local function check_scripts()
local modname = "scripts/data"
local check_script_data_keys = check_data_keys {
1, 2, 3, -- canonical name, Wikidata item, writing systems
"other_names", "aliases", "varieties", "parent", "ietf_subtag", "type",
"wikipedia_article", "ranges", "characters", "spaces", "capitalized", "translit", "direction",
"character_category", "normalizationFixes", "sort_by_scraping",
"display_text", "sort_key", "strip_diacritics"
}
-- Just to satisfy requirements of check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps.
local script_code_to_module_map = {}
for code, data in pairs(m_scripts_data) do
local obj, canonical_name = make_script(code, data), data[1]
if #code == 4 then
if not m_scripts_codes[code] then
discrepancy("scripts/code to canonical name",
"代碼%s缺失。",
link(obj, true)
)
end
if type(canonical_name) == "table" then -- script code `Aran` etc.
for lang_code, name in pairs(canonical_name) do
if lang_code ~= "default" and not m_scripts_codes[code .. ":" .. lang_code] then
discrepancy("scripts/code to canonical name",
"代碼<code>%s:%s</code>(%s)缺失。",
code, lang_code, name
)
end
end
end
end
check_script_data_keys(modname, obj, data)
if not canonical_name then
discrepancy(modname,
"代碼<code>%s</code>沒有指定規範名稱。",
code
)
else
local function process_canonical_name(name)
if script_names[name] then
local canonical_script = get_script_by_canonical_name(name)
if not canonical_script then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱無法查找。",
link(obj)
)
--[[elseif data.main_code ~= canonical_script:getCode() then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s has a canonical name that is not unique; it is also used by the code <code>%s</code>.",
link(obj), script_names[name]
)]]
end
else
if not m_scripts_canonical_names[name] and #code == 4 then
discrepancy("scripts/canonical names",
"規範名稱%s缺失。",
link(obj)
)
end
script_names[name] = code
end
end
if type(canonical_name) == "table" then -- script code `Aran` etc.
-- link(obj) would throw here, because getCanonicalName() needs a default name.
if not canonical_name.default then
discrepancy(modname,
"<code>%s</code>的規範名稱表格沒有<code>default</code>鍵。",
code
)
end
for lang_code, name in pairs(canonical_name) do
if lang_code ~= "default" and not get_language_by_code(lang_code, nil, true) then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s的規範名稱表格中列出無效的語言代碼<code>%s</code>。",
link(obj), lang_code
)
end
process_canonical_name(name)
end
else
process_canonical_name(canonical_name)
end
end
check_other_names_aliases_varieties(modname, obj, data, canonical_name)
if not nonempty_scripts[code] then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s未被任何語言使用%s。",
link(obj), data.characters and ""
or "且沒有列出供自動偵測的字符")
--[[elseif not data.characters then
discrepancy(modname,
"%s has no characters listed for auto-detection.",
link(obj)
)--]]
end
if data.characters then
validate_pattern(data.characters, modname, obj, false)
end
check_wikidata_item(modname, obj, data, 2)
script_code_to_module_map[code] = modname
end
check_no_alias_codes(modname, m_scripts_data)
check_code_to_name_and_name_to_code_maps(
"scripts",
"[[Module:scripts]]的子模組",
script_code_to_module_map, script_names,
"scripts/code to canonical name", m_scripts_codes,
"scripts/canonical names", m_scripts_canonical_names)
end
-- FIXME: this is quite messy.
local function check_wikidata_languages()
local data = json_decode(new_title("Module:languages/data/wikidata.json"):getContent())
local seen = {{}, {}, {}, [5] = {}}
for _, item in ipairs(data) do
local id = item.id
for k, v in pairs(item) do
if k ~= "id" then
local _seen = seen[k]
for _, code in ipairs(v) do
local _code = code[1]
local _type = type(_seen[_code])
if _type == "table" then
insert(_seen[_code], id)
elseif _type == "string" then
_seen[_code] = {_seen[_code], id}
else
_seen[_code] = id
end
end
end
end
end
local modname = "languages/data/wikidata.json"
for k, v in pairs(seen) do
for code, ids in pairs(v) do
if type(ids) == "table" then
local t = {}
for i, id in ipairs(ids) do
t[i] = format("<code>[[d:%s|%s]]</code>", id, id)
end
discrepancy(modname,
"<code>%s</code>在多個項目中被設為ISO 639-%d代碼:%s。",
code, k, list_to_text(t)
)
end
end
end
end
local function check_labels()
local check_label_data_keys = check_data_keys {
"display", "Wikipedia", "glossary",
"plain_categories", "topical_categories", "pos_categories", "regional_categories", "sense_categories",
"omit_preComma", "omit_postComma", "omit_preSpace",
"deprecated", "track"
}
local function check_label(modname, code, data)
local _type = type(data)
if _type == "table" then
check_label_data_keys(modname, code, data)
elseif _type ~= "string" then
discrepancy(modname,
"標籤<code>%s</code>的資料是%s;只允許表格和字串。",
code, _type
)
end
end
for _, module in ipairs{"", "/regional", "/topical"} do
local modname = "Module:labels/data" .. module
module = require(modname)
for label, data in pairs(module) do
check_label(modname, label, data)
end
end
for code in pairs(m_languages_codes) do
local modname = "Module:labels/data/lang/" .. code
local module = safe_require(modname)
if module then
for label, data in pairs(module) do
check_label(modname, label, data)
end
end
end
end
local function check_zh_trad_simp()
local m_ts = require("Module:zh/data/ts")
local m_st = require("Module:zh/data/st")
local ruby = require("Module:ja-ruby").ruby_auto
local lang = get_language_by_code("zh")
local Hant = get_script_by_code("Hant")
local Hans = get_script_by_code("Hans")
local data = {[0] = m_st, m_ts}
local mod = {[0] = "st", "ts"}
local var = {[0] = "簡", "繁"}
local sc = {[0] = Hans, Hant}
local function find_stable_loop(chars, other, j)
local display = ruby({["markup"] = "[" .. other .. "](" .. var[(j+1)%2] .. ")"})
display = language_link{term = other, alt = display, lang = lang, sc = sc[(j+1)%2], tr = "-"}
insert(chars, display)
if data[(j+1)%2][other] == other then
insert(chars, other)
return chars, 1
elseif not data[(j+1)%2][other] then
insert(chars, "未找到")
return chars, 2
elseif data[j%2][data[(j+1)%2][other]] ~= other then
return find_stable_loop(chars, data[(j+1)%2][other], j + 1)
else
display = ruby({["markup"] = "[" .. data[(j+1)%2][other] .. "](" .. var[j%2] .. ")"})
display = language_link{term = data[(j+1)%2][other], alt = display, lang = lang, sc = sc[j%2], tr = "-"}
insert(chars, display .. "(")
display = ruby({["markup"] = "[" .. data[j%2][data[(j+1)%2][other]] .. "](" .. var[(j+1)%2] .. ")"})
display = language_link{term = data[j%2][data[(j+1)%2][other]], alt = display, lang = lang, sc = sc[(j+1)%2], tr = "-"}
insert(chars, display .. "等)")
return chars, 3
end
end
for i = 0, 1, 1 do
for ch, other_ch in pairs(data[i]) do
if data[(i+1)%2][other_ch] ~= ch then
local chars, issue = {}
local display = ruby({["markup"] = "[" .. ch .. "](" .. var[i] .. ")"})
display = language_link{term = ch, alt = display, lang = lang, sc = sc[i], tr = "-"}
insert(chars, display)
chars, issue = find_stable_loop(chars, other_ch, i)
if issue == 1 or issue == 2 then
local sc_this = {}
local mod_this, j
if match(chars[#chars-1], var[(i+1)%2]) then
j = 1
else
j = 0
end
mod_this = mod[(i+j)%2]
sc_this = {[0] = sc[(i+j)%2], sc[(i+j+1)%2]}
for k, ch in ipairs(chars) do
chars[k] = tag_text(ch, lang, sc_this[k%2], "term")
end
local modname = "zh/data/" .. mod_this
if issue == 1 then
discrepancy(modname,
"字符引用自己:%s",
concat(chars, " → ")
)
elseif issue == 2 then
discrepancy(modname,
"缺失字符:%s",
concat(chars, " → ")
)
end
elseif issue == 3 then
for j, ch in ipairs(chars) do
chars[j] = tag_text(ch, lang, sc[(i+j)%2], "term")
end
discrepancy("zh/data/" .. mod[i],
"可能的字符不匹配:%s",
concat(chars, " → ")
)
end
end
end
end
end
local function check_serialization(modname)
local serializers = {
["Hani-sortkey/data/serialized"] = "Hani-sortkey/serializer",
}
if not serializers[modname] then
return nil
end
local serializer = serializers[modname]
local current_data = require("Module:" .. serializer).main(true)
local stored_data = require("Module:" .. modname)
if current_data ~= stored_data then
discrepancy(modname,
"<strong><u>重要!</u>序列化資料不同步。請使用[[Module:%s]]來更新它。如果您對基礎資料做了任何更改,序列化資料<u>必須</u>在這些更改生效前進行更新。</strong>",
serializer
)
end
end
local find_code = require("Module:memoize")(function(message)
return match(message, "<code>([^<]+)</code>")
end)
local function compare_messages(message1, message2)
local code1, code2 = find_code(message1), find_code(message2)
if code1 and code2 then
return code1 < code2
else
return message1 < message2
end
end
-- Warning: cannot be called twice in the same module invocation because
-- some module-global variables are not reset between calls.
local function do_checks(frame, modules)
messages = {}
if modules["zh/data/ts"] or modules["zh/data/st"] then
check_zh_trad_simp()
end
check_languages(frame)
check_etym_languages()
-- families and scripts must be checked AFTER languages; languages checks fill out
-- the nonempty_families and nonempty_scripts tables, used for testing if a family/script
-- is ever used in the data
check_families()
check_scripts()
check_wikidata_languages()
if modules["labels/data"] then
check_labels()
end
for module in pairs(modules) do
check_serialization(module)
end
for _, msglist in pairs(messages) do
table.sort(msglist, compare_messages)
end
local ret = messages
messages = nil
return ret
end
local function format_message(modname, msglist)
local header; if match(modname, "^Module:") or match(modname, "^Template:") then
header = "===[[" .. modname .. "]]==="
else
header = "===[[Module:" .. modname .. "]]==="
end
for i, msg in ipairs(msglist) do
msglist[i] = "\n*" .. msg
end
return header .. concat(msglist)
end
function export.check_modules_t(frame)
local args = frame.args
local modules = list_to_set(args)
local ret = {}
local messages = do_checks(frame, modules)
for _, module in ipairs(args) do
local msglist = messages[module]
if msglist then
insert(ret, format_message(module, msglist))
end
end
return concat(ret, "\n")
end
function export.perform(frame)
local messages = do_checks(frame, {})
-- Format the messages
local ret = {}
for modname, msglist in sorted_pairs(messages) do
insert(ret, format_message(modname, msglist))
end
-- Are there any messages?
-- TODO: check how many messages there are.
if false then --if i == 1 then
return "<b class=\"success\">Glory to Arstotzka.</b>"
else
insert(ret, 1, "<b class=\"warning\">偵測到不一致處:</b>")
return concat(ret, "\n")
end
end
return export
auua8er2ce1198790f9gvevmh2bedvm
حد
0
1425874
9935409
9509050
2026-09-30T16:20:45Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935409
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|خد|جد|خذ}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ح د د}}。
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|u}} <br />
{{ar-verb|I|i|a}}
# [[削]]
# [[限定]],[[定義]],[[區分]]
# [[阻止]],[[制止]],[[阻礙]]
# [[批評]],[[指責]]
# [[拒絕]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|u|passive=y|vn=حَدّ}}
{{ar-conj|I|i|a|passive=y|vn=حَدّ}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|u,i}}
# 卸下裝飾品
# 穿[[喪服]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|u,i|passive=impers?|vn=حِدَاد}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|i}}
# [[尖]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|i|passive=n|vn=حِدَّة}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|u,i}}
# [[激情]],[[憤怒]]
# {{qual|+ {{l|ar|عَلَى}}}} 對……[[發怒]]
# {{qual|被動}} [[不快]],[[不幸]],[[可憐]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|u,i|passive=y|vn=حَدّ,حِدَّة}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
===詞源2===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ح د د}}。
====發音====
* {{audio|ar|Ar-حد.ogg|音頻}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|حَدّ|m|pl=حُدُود}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|حَدَّ|form=I}}
# [[限制]]
# [[界限]]
# [[邊界]]
# [[期限]]
# [[目標]]
# [[區域]]
# (動作的)[[範圍]]
# [[差異]]
# [[定義]]
# [[規則]]
# [[懲罰]]
# [[熱情]]
# 酒精作用
# [[能力]],[[勇敢]]
# [[能量]]
# [[方式]],[[方法]]
# [[妨礙]],[[阻礙]]
# {{qual|現代}} [[邊]],[[側]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|حَدّ|pl=حُدُود}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|fa|حد|tr=hadd|bor=1}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
====形容詞====
{{ar-adj|head=حَدّ|tr=ḥadd|pl=حُدُود}}
# [[強烈]]的,[[猛烈]]的
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-adj|حَدّ|pl=حُدُود}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
===詞源3===
====動詞====
{{ar-verb form|+وحد<I>}}
# {{inflection of|ar|{{l|ar|وَحَدَ}}||第二人稱|m|s|主動|imp}}
# {{inflection of|ar|{{l|ar|وَحِدَ}}||第二人稱|m|s|主動|imp}}
# {{inflection of|ar|{{l|ar|وَحُدَ}}||第二人稱|m|s|主動|imp}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他寫法===
* {{l|fa||حدّ|tr=hadd}}
===詞源===
源自{{etyl|ar|fa}} {{l|ar|حَدّ}}。
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=hadd}}
# [[界限]],[[邊界]]
# {{數}} [[極限]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|হদ্দ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|હદ|bor=1}}
* {{tooltip|borrowed|→}} 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|हद}}
*: {{desc|ur|حَد|tr=had, hadd}}
* {{desc|mr|हद्द|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਹੱਦ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|حَدّ|sclang=1}}
==旁遮普語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|pa|fa|حد|tr=hadd}} ← {{der|pa|ar|حَدّ}}。
===名詞===
{{head|pa|名詞|head=حَدّ|g=f|古木基文|ਹੱਦ|tr=hadd}}
# [[界限]],[[邊界]]
#: {{syn|pa|سیما|tr=sīmā}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|pa|بے حد|tr=be-hadd}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|ur|fa|حد|tr=hadd}} ← {{der|ur|ar|حَدّ}}。
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=had,hadd|hi=हद|pl=حدود<tr:hudūd><ll:irregular>}}
# [[界限]],[[邊界]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|ur|بے حد|tr=be-hadd}}
nwkvcy8elujtz24tg3opofumbx17700
دسته
0
1425890
9935421
8356876
2026-09-30T16:20:59Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935421
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text/x-wiki
{{also|دستة}}
==古安納托利亞土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|trk-oat|fa-cls|دسته|tr=dasta}}。
===名詞===
{{head|trk-oat|名詞|tr=dästä}}
# [[緊握]]的[[手]]
# [[捆]],[[把]],[[束]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|dəstə}}
* {{desctree|ota|دسته|tr=deste, teste}}
===來源===
* {{R:ota:Pomorska|page=75|entry=deste}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-oat|دسته|tr=dästä}},來自{{der|ota|fa-cls|دسته|tr=dasta}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[dɛˈstɛ]}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=deste, teste}}
# [[捆]],[[把]],[[束]]
#: {{syn|ota|دمت|tr1=demet|قبضه|tr2=kabza|طوتام|tr3=tutam|آووج|tr4=avuç}}
# {{C|ota|卡片遊戲}} 一[[盒]][[紙牌]]
#: {{syn|ota|اسقامبیل|tr1=iskambil}}
# {{c|ota|十二}} [[一打]],一綑十二張
#: {{syn|ota|دوزینه|tr1=duzına, düzine}}
# [[緊握]]的[[手]]
#: {{syn|ota|صاب|tr1=sap|قبضه|tr2=kabza}}
# [[柄]],[[杵]]
#: {{syn|ota|قبضه|tr1=kabza|طوتام|tr2=tutam|طوقماق|tr3=tokmak|ال|tr4=el}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|deste}}
* {{desc|ar|دَسْتَة|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|тесте|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|тесте|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|тѐсте|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|tèste|sclang=1}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal||tr=dstk'|ts=dastag|t=捆,把,組;柄}},等同於{{af|fa|دست|tr1=dast|t1=手|ـه|tr2=-e}}。與{{cog|xcl|դաստակ}}、{{m|xcl|տստակ}}、{{cog|ar|دَسْتَج}}、{{cog|syc|ܕܣܬܩܐ|tr=dastəqāʾ}}同族,均為伊朗語族借詞。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|dasta}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|دسته|دسته|даста}}
{{fa-noun|tr=daste|pl=دستهها|pl2=دستجات|pl2tr=dastejât}}
# [[把手]];[[柄]]
#: {{uxi|fa|دستهٔ تبر|tr='''daste'''-ye tabar|t=斧'''柄'''}}
#: {{uxi|fa|دستهٔ کارد|tr='''daste'''-ye kârd|t=刀'''柄'''}}
# [[組]];[[束]];[[捆]],[[把]]
#: {{uxi|fa|دستهٔ گل|tr='''daste'''-ye gol|t=一束花;花束}}
#: {{uxi|fa|دستههای پرندگان|tr='''daste-hâ'''-ye parandegân|t=鳥群}}
# [[種類]],[[品種]]
#: {{uxi|fa|دستههای مختلف موسیقی|tr='''daste-hâ'''-ye moxtalef-e musiqi|t=不同'''種類'''的音樂}}
====衍生詞====
{{col2|fa
|دسته کردن<tr:daste kardan><t:分組;歸類>
}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|тиҫтә}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|დასტა}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|दस्ता}}
*: {{desc|ur|دستہ|tr=dasta}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|десте}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|десте}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|դաստա|դաստայ|դաստէ}}
** {{desc|hy|դաստա}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|kmr|deste|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|orv|десть}} {{qualifier|經由突厥語族}}
** {{desc|ru|десть}}
* {{desctree|trk-oat|دسته|tr=dästä|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|os|даста}}
* {{desc|bor=1|raj|दस्तौ|tr=dastau}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rom|desto|alt=destó}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|dasta}}
{{bottom}}
====來源====
* {{R:fa:Steingass|دسته}}
fk8bxqil6rmue45kr3uspj7e48d84yi
طاقت
0
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sclb= → sclang=
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|طَاقَة||能力,力量}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|t|ā|q|a|t}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=tâqát}}
# [[耐力]],[[忍耐]]
#* '''2012''', {{w|lang=en|Niyaz}} - Parishaan
#*: {{quote|fa|ندارم '''طاقت''' یک دم جدایی.|tr=nadâram '''tâqat'''-e yek dam jodâyi}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gu|તાકત|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|ताक़त}}
*: {{desc|ur|طاقت|tr=tāqat}}
* {{desc|mr|ताकद|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ota|طاقة|tr=takat}}
** {{desc|tr|takat}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|takat}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਤਾਕਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|طاقت|sclang=1}}
325dhyu0qamem548w2fzph5d8z9u9lf
نار
0
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{{also|ناز|Appendix:"nar"的變體}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ن و ر}},源自{{inh|ar|sem-pro|*nūr-}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|نَار}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-نار.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|نَار|f|d=نَارَانِ|pl=نِيرَان}}
# [[火]]
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|28|29}}
#*: {{quote|ar|فَلَمَّا قَضَىٰ مُوسَى ٱلْأَجَلَ وَسَارَ بِأَهْلِهِۦۤ ءَانَسَ مِن جَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ '''نَارࣰا''' قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ ٱمْكُثُوۤا۟ إِنِّيۤ ءَانَسْتُ '''نَارࣰا''' لَّعَلِّيۤ ءَاتِيكُم مِّنْهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوْ جَذْوَةࣲ مِّنَ '''ٱلنَّارِ''' لَعَلَّكُمْ تَصْطَلُونَ|tr=fa-lammā qaḍā mūsā l-ʾajala wa-sāra bi-ʾahlihī ʾānasa min jānibi ṭ-ṭūri '''nāran''' qāla li-ʾahlihi mkuṯū ʾinnī ʾānastu '''nāran''' laʿallī ʾātīkum-minhā bixabarin ʾaw jaḏwatin mina '''n-nāri''' laʿallakum taṣṯalūna|t=當穆薩已做滿期限,而帶著他的家屬旅行的時候,他看見那座山的這邊有一處火光,他對他的家屬說:“你們等待一下,我確已看見一處火光,也許我從火光的那裡帶一個消息來給你們,或帶一個火把來給你們烤火。”}}
# [[大火]]
#:* {{l|ar|النَّار}} — 地獄
#:* {{l|ar|شَيْخ النَّار}} — 魔鬼
#:* {{l|ar|جَبَل النَّار}} — 火山
# [[炮火]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|نَار|pl=نِيرَان}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mt|nar}}
* {{desc|ary|نار|tr=nār}}
* {{desc|fa|نار|tr=nâr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|نار|tr=nâr|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|نور}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|نار|tr=nâr}}, {{l|fa|انار|tr=anâr}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=nâr}}
# [[石榴]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desctree|tr|nar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|нар}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|nar}}
===詞源2===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|نَار}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=nâr}}
# [[火]]
==波斯語==
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|nār}}
* {{rhymes|fa|âr}}
===詞源1===
源自{{l|fa|انار|tr=anâr}}。
====名詞====
{{fa-noun|tr=nâr}}
# [[石榴]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|az|nar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|нар}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|نار|tr=nâr}}
===詞源2===
源自{{bor|fa|ar|نَار}}。
====名詞====
{{fa-noun|tr=nâr}}
# [[火]]
==西南法爾斯語==
===名詞===
{{head|fay|名詞|tr=nâr}}
# {{qual|Masarm|Deh Sarv|Kuzarg}} [[石榴]]
[[Category:鄂圖曼土耳其語 果實]]
[[Category:波斯語 果實]]
li3kzdsy3smu3zm5a1gqnksuqfqh5mi
Module:Form of/data/2
828
1426290
9934854
9909269
2026-09-30T15:47:31Z
TongcyBot
83009
+自由態、附屬態(同步 enwikt)
9934854
Scribunto
text/plain
--[=[
This module lists the less common recognized inflection tags, in the same format as for [[Module:form of/data/1]] (which
contains the more common tags). We split the tags this way to save memory, so we avoid loading the less common tags in
the majority of cases.
]=]
local m_form_of_data = require("Module:form of/data")
local APPENDIX = m_form_of_data.APPENDIX
local WP = m_form_of_data.WP
local WIKT = m_form_of_data.WIKT
local tags = {}
local shortcuts = {}
----------------------- Person -----------------------
tags["第四人稱"] = {
"person",
"wikt:fourth person",
{"fourth-person", "4"},
3348541,
}
tags["第二人稱賓語形式"] = {
"person",
APPENDIX,
{"second-person-object form", "2o"},
}
----------------------- Number -----------------------
tags["伴同複數"] = {
"number",
WIKT,
{"associative plural", "ass p", "ass pl", "assoc p", "assoc pl"},
}
tags["集合數詞"] = {
"number",
"collective number",
{"collective", "col"},
694268,
}
tags["集合領屬數詞"] = {
"number",
"collective number",
{"collective-possession", "cpos", "colpos"},
}
-- same as "count form" below, but included for backwards-compatibility with uses of "count|form"
tags["計數"] = {
"number",
{"count", "count form"},
nil,
12273953,
}
tags["計數形式"] = {
"number",
WIKT,
{"count form"},
12273953,
}
tags["分配少數"] = {
"number",
WIKT,
{"distributive paucal", "dpau", "分配微數"},
}
tags["少數"] = {
"number",
WIKT,
{"paucal", "pau", "微數"},
489410,
}
tags["個體數"] = {
"number",
"singulative number",
{"singulative", "sgl"},
1450795,
}
tags["超越數"] = {
"number",
APPENDIX,
{"transnumeral", "trn"},
113631596,
display = "單數或複數",
}
tags["三數"] = {
"number",
"trial number",
{"trial", "tri"},
2142560,
}
----------------------- Gender -----------------------
tags["自然陰性"] = {
"gender",
"gender",
{"natural feminine", "natf"},
}
tags["男性"] = {
"gender",
APPENDIX,
{"virile", "vr"},
}
----------------------- Animacy -----------------------
----------------------- Tense/aspect -----------------------
tags["abtemporal"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"abtemp",
}
tags["anterior"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:relative and absolute tense",
"ant",
}
tags["cessative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"cess",
17027342,
}
-- Aspect in Tagalog; presumably similar to the perfect tense/aspect but not necessarily similar enough to use the same
-- Wikidata ID
tags["complete"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:Tagalog grammar#Aspect",
"compl",
}
tags["concomitant"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"concom",
}
tags["confirmative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"conf",
}
-- Aspect in Tagalog
tags["contemplative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:Tagalog grammar#Aspect",
"contem",
}
tags["contemporal"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"contemp",
}
tags["continuative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
nil,
28130104,
}
tags["continuous"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:continuous aspect",
"cont",
12721117,
}
tags["delimitative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:delimitative aspect",
"delim",
5316270,
}
tags["durative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"dur",
}
tags["futuritive"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
{"futv", "futrv"},
}
tags["frequentative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"freq",
467562,
}
tags["habitual"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:habitual aspect",
"hab",
5636904,
}
-- same as the habitual; used in Mongolian linguistics
tags["habitive"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"habv",
}
tags["immediative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
{"imm", "immed"},
}
tags["incidental"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"incid",
}
tags["反覆體"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:iterative aspect",
{"iterative", "iter"},
2866772,
}
tags["momentane"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
nil,
6897160,
}
tags["momentaneous"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"mom",
115110791,
}
tags["posterior"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:relative and absolute tense",
"post",
}
tags["preconditional"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"precond",
}
-- Type of participle in Hindi; also called agentive or agentive-prospective
tags["prospective"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:prospective aspect",
"pros",
}
tags["purposive"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"purp",
}
-- Aspect in Tagalog; presumably similar to the perfect tense/aspect but not necessarily similar enough to use the same
-- Wikidata ID
tags["最近完成"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:Tagalog grammar#Aspect",
{"recently complete", "rcompl"},
}
tags["resultative"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"res",
7316356,
}
tags["semelfactive"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WP,
"semf",
7449203,
}
tags["serial"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"ser",
}
tags["successive"] = {
"tense-aspect",
WIKT,
"succ",
}
-- be careful not to clash with terminative case tag
tags["terminative aspect"] = {
"tense-aspect",
"w:en:cessative aspect",
"term",
display = "terminative",
}
----------------------- Mood -----------------------
tags["祈福語氣"] = {
"mood",
WP,
{"benedictive", "bened"},
4887358,
}
tags["鼓勵語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:cohortative mood",
{"cohortative", "coho", "cohort"},
}
tags["讓步語氣"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
{"concessive", "conc"},
}
tags["非事實語氣"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
{"contrafactual", "cfact"},
110323459,
}
-- Same as the contrafactual, but terminology depends on language.
tags["反事實語氣"] = {
"mood",
WP,
{"counterfactual", "counterf"},
1783264, -- for "counterfactual conditional"
}
tags["desiderative"] = {
"mood",
WP,
{"des", "desid"},
1200631,
}
tags["dubitative"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:dubitative mood",
"dub",
1263049,
}
tags["energetic"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:energetic mood",
"ener",
}
tags["推論語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:inferential mood",
{"inferential", "infer", "infr"},
-- Per [[w:en:inferential mood]], also called "renarrative mood" or (in Estonian) "oblique mood" (but
-- "renarrative mood" may be different, see its entry).
3332616,
}
-- It's not clear that this is exactly a mood, but I'm not sure where
-- else to group it
tags["intensive"] = {
"mood",
WP,
"inten",
10965321, -- for "intensive word form"
}
tags["蓄意語氣"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
{"intentional", "intent"},
}
tags["指令式"] = {
"mood",
APPENDIX,
{"injunctive", "inj", "injunc"},
1431843,
}
tags["疑問語氣"] = {
"mood",
WP,
{"interrogative", "interr", "interrog"},
12021746,
}
tags["必需語氣"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
{"necessitative", "nec"},
}
tags["允許語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:permissive mood",
{"permissive", "perm"},
4351483,
}
tags["可能語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:potential mood",
{"potential", "potn"},
2296856,
}
tags["precative"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
"prec",
}
tags["prescriptive"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
"prescr",
}
tags["推定語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:presumptive mood",
{"presumptive", "presump"},
25463575,
}
-- Exists at least in Estonian
tags["引述語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:quotative evidential mood",
{"quotative", "quot"},
"",
-- 7272884, -- this is for "quotative" morphemes, not the same
}
tags["再述語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:renarrative mood",
{"renarrative", "renarr"},
-- Per [[w:en:inferential mood]], renarrative and inferential mood are the same; but per
-- [[w:en:Bulgarian verbs#Evidentials]], they are different, and Bulgarian has both.
3332616,
}
tags["意願語氣"] = {
"mood",
"w:en:volitive mood",
{"volitive", "voli"},
10716592,
}
tags["voluntative"] = {
"mood",
WIKT,
{"voln", "volun"},
}
----------------------- Voice/valence -----------------------
tags["反被動"] = {
"voice-valence",
"w:反被動語態",
{"antipassive", "apass", "apasv", "apsv"},
287232,
}
tags["應動"] = {
"voice-valence",
"w:應動語態",
{"applicative", "appl"},
621634,
}
tags["cooperative"] = { -- ("all together") used in Mongolian
"voice-valence",
"wikt:cooperative voice",
"coop",
114033228,
}
tags["pluritative"] = { -- ("many together") used in Mongolian
"voice-valence",
"wikt:pluritative voice",
"plur",
114033289,
}
tags["reciprocal"] = {
"voice-valence",
"w:en:reciprocal (grammar)",
{"recp", "recip"},
1964083,
}
-- Specific to Modern Irish, similar to impersonal
tags["autonomous"] = {
"voice-valence",
WIKT,
"auton",
}
----------------------- Non-finite -----------------------
-- be careful not to clash with agentive case tag
tags["施事"] = {
"non-finite",
"w:en:agent noun",
{"agentive", "ag", "agent"},
}
-- Latin etc.
tags["被動將來分詞"] = {
"non-finite",
WP,
{"gerundive", "gerv"},
731298, -- Wikidata claims this is a grammatical mood, which is not really correct
}
-- Old Irish etc.
tags["verbal of necessity"] = {
"non-finite",
"w:en:gerundive",
"verbnec",
731298, -- gerundive
}
tags["l-分詞"] = {
"non-finite",
"participle",
{"l-participle", "l-ptcp", "lptcp"},
814722, -- "participle"
}
-- Finnish agent participle
tags["施事分詞"] = {
"non-finite",
"w:en:Finnish grammar#Agent participle",
{"agent participle", "agentpart"},
}
-- Hungarian participle
tags["動詞性分詞"] = {
"non-finite",
WIKT,
"verbal participle",
2361676, -- attributive verb, aka verbal participle
}
tags["動副詞"] = {
"non-finite",
WP,
{"converb", "conv"},
149761,
}
tags["同否定"] = {
"non-finite",
APPENDIX,
{"connegative", "conn", "conneg"},
5161718,
}
-- Occurs in Hindi as a type of participle used to conjoin two clauses; similarly occurs in Japanese as the "te-form"
tags["conjunctive"] = {
"non-finite",
"w:en:serial verb construction", -- FIXME! No good link for "conjunctive"; another possibility is "converb"
"conj",
}
tags["absolutive verb form"] = {
"non-finite",
"wikt:absolutive#Noun",
"absvf",
display = "absolutive",
}
-- FIXME! Should this be a mood?
tags["義務語氣"] = {
"non-finite",
WP,
{"debitive", "deb"},
17119041,
}
----------------------- Case -----------------------
tags["欠格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:abessive case",
{"abessive", "abe"},
319822,
}
tags["通格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:absolutive case",
{"absolutive", "absv"}, -- FIXME, find uses of "abs" = absolutive
332734,
}
tags["接格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:adessive case",
{"adessive", "ade"},
281954,
}
-- be careful not to clash with adverbial grammar tag
tags["狀語格"] = {
"case",
WP,
{"adverbial case", "advc"},
display = "狀語格",
}
-- be careful not to clash with agentive non-finite tag
tags["agentive case"] = {
"case",
WP,
"agc",
display = "agentive",
}
tags["向格"] = {
"case",
"wikt:allative case",
{"allative", "all"},
655020,
}
--No evidence of the existence of this case on the web, and the shortcuts are better used elsewhere.
--tags["anterior"] = {
-- "case",
-- nil,
-- {"ant"},
--}
tags["附格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:associative case",
{"associative", "ass", "assoc"},
15948746,
}
tags["益格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:benefactive case",
{"benefactive", "ben", "bene"},
664905,
}
tags["causal"] = {
"case",
"w:en:causal case",
{"cauc", "causc"},
2943136,
}
tags["causal-final"] = {
"case",
"w:en:causal-final case",
{"cfi", "cfin"},
18012653,
}
tags["共格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:comitative case",
{"comitative", "com"},
838581,
}
-- be careful not to clash with comparative degree
tags["比較格"] = {
"case",
WP,
{"comparative case", "comc"},
5155633,
display = "比較格",
}
tags["上格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:delative case",
{"delative", "del"},
1183901,
}
tags["直接格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:direct case",
{"direct", "dir"},
1751855,
}
tags["directive"] = {
"case",
"wikt:directive case",
"dirc",
56526905,
}
tags["分格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:distributive case",
{"distributive", "dis", "dist", "distr"},
492457,
}
tags["出格"] = {
"case",
"elative case",
{"elative", "ela"},
394253,
}
tags["作格"] = {
"case",
"ergative case",
{"ergative", "erg"},
324305,
}
-- be careful not to clash with equative degree tag
tags["等同格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:equative case",
{"equative", "equc"},
3177653,
}
tags["essive-formal"] = {
"case",
"w:en:essive-formal case",
{"esf", "efor"},
3827688,
}
tags["essive-modal"] = {
"case",
"w:en:essive-modal case",
{"esm", "emod"},
3827703,
}
tags["樣格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:essive case",
{"essive", "ess"},
148465,
}
--No evidence of the existence of this case on the web, and the shortcuts are better used elsewhere.
--tags["exclusive"] = {
-- "case",
-- nil,
-- {"exc", "excl"},
--}
tags["入格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:illative case",
{"illative", "ill"},
474668,
}
tags["間接格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:direct case",
{"indirect", "indir"},
1233197, -- Same as oblique.
}
tags["內格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:inessive case",
{"inessive", "ine"},
282031,
}
tags["手段格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:instructive case",
{"instructive", "ist"},
1665275,
}
tags["攜格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:lative case",
{"lative", "lat"},
260425,
}
tags["限格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:list of grammatical cases",
{"limitative", "lim"},
35870079,
}
tags["範圍特徵格"] = {
"case",
"locative-qualitative case",
{"locative-qualitative", "lqu", "lqua"},
}
tags["objective"] = {
"case",
"objective case",
"objv", -- obj used for "object"
1233197, -- Same as oblique.
}
tags["斜格"] = {
"case",
"oblique case",
{"oblique", "obl"},
1233197,
}
tags["部分格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:partitive case",
{"partitive", "ptv", "par"},
857325,
}
--certain languages use this term for the abessive
tags["privative"] = {
"case",
"w:en:privative case",
"priv",
319822,
}
tags["延展格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:prolative case",
{"prolative", "pro", "prol"},
952933,
}
tags["協同格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:sociative case",
{"sociative", "soc"},
3773161,
}
tags["subjective"] = {
"case",
"w:en:subjective case",
{"subjv", "sbjv"}, -- "sub" and "subj" used for subjunctive, "sbj" for "subject"
131105, -- Same as nominative.
}
tags["上下格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:sublative case",
{"sublative", "sbl", "subl"},
2120615,
}
tags["頂格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:superessive case",
{"superessive", "spe", "supe"},
222355,
}
tags["時格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:temporal case",
{"temporal", "tem", "temp"},
3235219,
}
-- be careful not to clash with terminative aspect tag
tags["到格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:terminative case",
{"terminative case", "ter"},
747019,
display = "到格",
}
tags["轉移格"] = {
"case",
"w:en:translative case",
{"translative", "tra", "tran"},
950170,
}
----------------------- State -----------------------
tags["independent genitive"] = {
"state",
WIKT,
"indgen",
}
tags["possessor"] = {
"state",
WIKT,
{"posr", "possr"},
}
tags["reflexive possessive"] = {
"state",
WIKT,
{"reflposs", "refl poss"},
}
tags["substantive"] = {
"state",
APPENDIX,
{"subs", "subst"},
}
tags["自由態"] = {
"state",
APPENDIX,
{"free state", "free"},
}
tags["附屬態"] = {
"state",
APPENDIX,
{"annexed state", "annex", "annexed"},
}
----------------------- Degrees of comparison -----------------------
tags["absolute superlative degree"] = {
"comparison",
"wikt:absolute superlative",
{"asupd", "absolute superlative"},
}
tags["relative superlative degree"] = {
"comparison",
"wikt:relative superlative",
{"rsupd", "relative superlative"},
}
tags["elative degree"] = {
"comparison",
"elative",
"elad", -- Can't use "elative" as shortcut because that's already used for the elative case
1555419,
}
-- be careful not to clash with equative case tag
tags["equative degree"] = {
"comparison",
"w:en:equative",
"equd",
5384239,
}
tags["excessive degree"] = {
"comparison",
nil,
"excd",
}
----------------------- Register -----------------------
tags["familiar"] = {
"register",
"w:en:T–V distinction",
"fam",
}
tags["polite"] = {
"register",
"w:en:T–V distinction",
"pol",
}
tags["intimate"] = {
"register",
-- "intimate" is also a possible formality level in the sociolinguistic register sense.
"w:en:T–V distinction",
"intim",
}
tags["formal"] = {
"register",
"w:en:register (sociolinguistics)",
}
tags["informal"] = {
"register",
"w:en:register (sociolinguistics)",
"inform",
}
tags["colloquial"] = {
"register",
"w:en:colloquialism",
"colloq",
}
tags["slang"] = {
"register",
WP,
}
tags["contemporary"] = {
"register",
WIKT,
"conty",
}
tags["literary"] = {
"register",
"w:en:literary language",
"lit",
}
tags["dated"] = {
"register",
WIKT,
}
tags["archaic"] = {
"register",
"w:en:archaism",
"arch",
}
tags["obsolete"] = {
"register",
WIKT,
"obs",
}
tags["emphatic"] = {
"register",
WIKT,
"emph",
}
----------------------- Deixis -----------------------
tags["proximal"] = {
"deixis",
"w:en:deixis",
{"prox", "prxl"},
}
tags["medial"] = {
"deixis",
"w:en:deixis",
"medl",
}
tags["distal"] = {
"deixis",
"w:en:deixis",
"dstl",
}
----------------------- Clusivity -----------------------
tags["inclusive"] = {
"clusivity",
"w:en:clusivity",
"incl",
}
tags["exclusive"] = {
"clusivity",
"w:en:clusivity",
"excl",
}
tags["obviative"] = {
"clusivity",
"w:en:clusivity",
"obv",
}
----------------------- Inflectional class -----------------------
tags["absolute"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"abs",
}
tags["conjunct"] = {
"grammar",
WP,
"conjt",
}
tags["deuterotonic"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:dependent and independent verb forms",
"deut",
}
tags["prototonic"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:dependent and independent verb forms",
"prot",
}
----------------------- Attitude -----------------------
tags["endearing"] = {
"attitude",
-- FIXME! No good glossary entry for this; the entry for "hypocoristic" refers specifically to proper names.
"w:en:hypocoristic",
"end",
1130279, -- entry for "hypocorism"
}
tags["moderative"] = {
"attitude",
WIKT,
"moder",
}
----------------------- Sound changes -----------------------
tags["alliterative"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:alliteration",
nil,
484495,
}
tags["back"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:back vowel",
nil,
853589,
}
tags["front"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:front vowel",
nil,
5505949,
}
tags["rounded"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:roundedness",
"round",
}
tags["sigmatic"] = {
"sound change",
WIKT,
"sigm",
}
tags["unrounded"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:roundedness",
"unround",
}
tags["vowel harmonic"] = {
"sound change",
"w:en:vowel harmony",
"vharm",
147137,
}
----------------------- Misc grammar -----------------------
tags["relative"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"rel",
}
tags["direct relative"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:relative_clause#Celtic_languages",
"dirrel",
}
tags["indirect relative"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:relative_clause#Celtic_languages",
"indrel",
}
tags["synthetic"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"synth",
}
tags["analytic"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
{"anal", "analytical"},
}
tags["periphrastic"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"peri",
}
tags["affirmative"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:affirmation and negation",
"aff",
}
tags["possessed"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:possessive affix",
{"possd", "possed"}, -- posd = positive degree
804020, -- for possessive affix
}
tags["non-possessed"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:possessive affix",
{"npossd", "npossed", "nonpossessed"},
}
tags["possessive affix"] = {
"grammar",
WP,
{"posaf", "possaf"},
804020,
}
tags["possessive suffix"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:possessive affix",
"possuf",
804020,
}
tags["possessive prefix"] = {
"grammar",
"w:en:possessive affix",
{"pospref", "posspref"},
804020,
}
tags["prefix"] = {
"grammar",
APPENDIX,
"pref", -- pre = prepositional
134830,
}
tags["prefixal"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"prefl", -- pre = prepositional
134830,
}
tags["suffix"] = {
"grammar",
APPENDIX,
{"suf", "suff"},
102047,
}
tags["suffixal"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
{"sufl", "suffl"},
102047,
}
tags["affix"] = {
"grammar",
WP,
"af", -- aff = affirmative
62155,
}
tags["affixal"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"afl", -- aff = affirmative
62155,
}
tags["circumfix"] = {
"grammar",
WP,
{"circ", "cirf", "circf"},
124939,
}
tags["circumfixal"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
{"circl", "cirfl", "circfl"},
124939,
}
tags["infix"] = {
"grammar",
WP,
"infx",
201322,
}
tags["infixal"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
"infxl",
201322,
}
tags["nonfinite"] = {
"grammar",
APPENDIX,
"nonfin",
1050494, -- entry for "non-finite verb"
}
tags["tenseless"] = {
"grammar",
WIKT,
}
tags["aspect"] = {
"grammar",
APPENDIX,
"asp",
208084,
}
tags["augmented"] = {
"grammar",
"augment",
nil,
760437,
}
tags["unaugmented"] = {
"grammar",
"augment",
nil,
760437,
}
----------------------- Other tags -----------------------
tags["–"] = { -- Unicode en-dash
"other",
no_space_on_left = true,
no_space_on_right = true,
}
tags["—"] = { -- Unicode em-dash
"other",
no_space_on_left = true,
no_space_on_right = true,
}
----------------------- Create the shortcuts list -----------------------
m_form_of_data.finalize(tags, shortcuts)
return {tags = tags, shortcuts = shortcuts}
79wub2ocqapeypfuui3vgls6vwvdndu
metus
0
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==世界語==
===動詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{eo-form of|met|us}}
==伊多語==
===動詞===
{{head|io|動詞變位形式}}
# {{io-form of|met}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
未知。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|metus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|metus<4>}}
# [[害怕]],[[恐懼]]
# [[焦慮]],[[驚歎]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|metus<4>}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|害怕}} {{l|la|timor}}
====派生詞====
{{der-top}}
* {{l|la|metuō}}
* {{l|la|in metū sum}}
* {{l|la|meticulōsus}}
{{der-mid}}
* {{l|la|metum concipiō}}
* {{l|la|metum habeō}}
{{der-bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ast|mieu}}
* {{desc|gl|medo}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|مَاتْرانة|tr=metrana|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|מאֵתראנה|tr=metrana|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pap|miedu}}
* {{desc|pt|medo}}
* {{desc|es|miedo}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
7tts0zrbta1la7c725oeghjskspl9iw
آبرو
0
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{{also|ابرو|آثرو|أتزو|أثرو}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他寫法===
* {{l|fa|آبروی|tr=âberuy}}
* {{l|fa|آب روی|tr=âb-e ruy}}
===詞源===
{{l|fa|آبروی|tr=âb-e-ruy}}的縮略,源自{{compound|fa|آب|tr1=âb|روی|tr2=ruy}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fa|[ɒːb(e)ˈɾuː]|a=IR}}
* {{audio|fa|Fa-آبرو.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=âberu|pl=آبروها}}
# [[臉]]
# [[榮譽]]
# [[名聲]]
====派生詞====
* {{l|fa|بیآبرو|tr=bi-âberu}}
* {{l|fa|آبرودار|tr=âberu-dâr}}
* {{l|fa|آبروداری|tr=âberu-dâri}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ba|абруй|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|আব্রু|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|આબરૂ|bor=1}}
* 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|आबरू}}
*: {{desc|ur|آبرو|tr=ābrū}}
* {{desc|mr|अब्रू|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|آبرو|آبرو / آبروی|tr=âb-ı rû(y)|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਆਬਰੂ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|آبرو|sclang=1}}
o5uzn55wom07vzjar0muq5decw8sh11
بولا
0
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==馬來語==
===名詞===
{{ms-noun}}
# {{l|ms|bola}}的爪夷文寫法。
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
未知,僅見於本語。最早出現於15世紀,19世紀過時。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[bɔ.lɑ]|[bu.lɑ]}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=bola, bula}}
# [[叔母]],[[伯母]]
# [[女士]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|бу́ла|t=帶面紗的穆斯林女性|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bg|бу́лка|t=新娘;帶面紗的女性;媳婦|der=1}}
** {{desc|bg|бу́ло|der=1}}
* {{desc|bg|бу́ля|t=姨子/姑子;對年長女性的稱呼|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|була|t=帶面紗的穆斯林女性|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1|t=已婚女性;帶面紗的女性}}
*: {{desc|sh|бу̏ла|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȕla|sclang=1}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|ota|動詞變位形式|tr=bola}}
# {{inflection of|ota|بولمق||3s|optative}}
===來源===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=292}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=407}}
{{topics|ota|家庭|稱謂}}
hzfrp37f8iuxpmgpy9a6rezxtyl8v6d
جایگاه
0
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==波斯語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|fa|جاگه|tr=jâgah}}
===詞源===
源自{{suf|fa|جای|گاه|tr1=jây|tr2=gâh|t1=地方|pos2=地點後綴}}。
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=jâygâh}}
# [[地方]],[[地點]]
# [[房屋]],[[居住]]地
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|জেগা|bor=1}}, {{l|as|জাগা}}
* {{desc|bn|জায়গা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|જગ્યા|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|जगह}}
*: {{desc|ur|جگہ|tr=jagah}}
* {{desc|mr|जागा|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਜਗ੍ਹਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جگہ|sclang=1|tr=jagha}}
* {{desc|syl|ꠎꠦꠉꠣ|bor=1}} {{qual|可能通過阿薩姆語}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:NPED}}
4wn1kr9pzgewvuhmhwmof2qbhkarzri
قندیل
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|fa|ar|قِنْدِيل}}<ref>{{R:fa:Dehkhoda}}</ref>。
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=qandil|pl=قندیلها}}
# {{古}} [[燈]]
#: {{syn|fa|چراغ|tr=čerâğ}}
# {{古}} [[火把]]
#: {{syn|fa|مشعل|tr=maš’al}}
# {{古}} [[燭臺]]
#: {{syn|fa|چراغدان|tr=čerâğdân|شمعدان|tr2=šam’dân}}
# [[冰錐]]
#: {{syn|fa|کلفخشنگ|tr=kalafaxšang|دنگاله|tr2=dangâle|دنگداله|tr3=dangdâle}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bal|کندیل|tr=kandill|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|કંદીલ|bor=1}}
* 印度斯坦語族:
*: {{desc|hi|क़ंदील}}, {{l|hi|क़िंदील}}
*: {{desc|ur|قندیل}}
* {{desc|kn|ಕಂದೀಲು|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|कंदील|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਕੰਦੀਲ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|قَندِیل|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
1rr87gjitpp16qycysv6rswy0gsobyk
Module:Category tree/lang
828
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+gho
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text/plain
-- This module contains a list of languages with lang-specific modules.
local langs_with_modules = {
["acm"] = true,
["acw"] = true,
["acy"] = true,
["aeb"] = true,
["afb"] = true,
["aii"] = true,
["ajp"] = true,
["akk"] = true,
["akl"] = true,
["ang"] = true,
["apc"] = true,
["apd"] = true,
["ar"] = true,
["arn"] = true,
["ars"] = true,
["ary"] = true,
["arz"] = true,
["ayl"] = true,
["az"] = true,
["bbl"] = true,
["be"] = true,
["bcl"] = true,
["bg"] = true,
["bku"] = true,
["ca"] = true,
["cbk"] = true,
["ce"] = true,
["ceb"] = true,
["cpi"] = true,
["cs"] = true,
["csb"] = true,
["cu"] = true,
["cy"] = true,
["de"] = true,
["el"] = true,
["en"] = true,
["enm"] = true,
["eo"] = true,
["es"] = true,
["et"] = true,
["eu"] = true,
["fa"] = true,
["fax"] = true,
["fi"] = true,
["fr"] = true,
["fro"] = true,
["fy"] = true,
["gl"] = true,
["gho"] = true,
["gmh"] = true,
["goh"] = true,
["got"] = true,
["grk-pro"] = true,
["gmq-osw"] = true,
["gmw-pro"] = true,
["gu"] = true,
["gug"] = true,
["he"] = true,
["hi"] = true,
["hil"] = true,
["hnn"] = true,
["hrx"] = true,
["hsb"] = true,
["hu"] = true,
["id"] = true,
["ilo"] = true,
["inc-apa"] = true,
["inc-ash"] = true,
["ine-pro"] = true,
["ira-pro"] = true,
["is"] = true,
["it"] = true,
["ja"] = true,
["jbo"] = true,
["jv"] = true,
["ket"] = true,
["klj"] = true,
["kn"] = true,
["kne"] = true,
["ko"] = true,
["krj"] = true,
["ky"] = true,
["la"] = true,
["lo"] = true,
["mdh"] = true,
["mhr"] = true,
["mk"] = true,
["moh"] = true,
["mr"] = true,
["mrw"] = true,
["ms"] = true,
["mt"] = true,
["mul"] = true,
["mvi"] = true,
["mwl"] = true,
["nan-hbl"] = true,
["nb"] = true,
["ne"] = true,
["nl"] = true,
["nn"] = true,
["non"] = true,
["ny"] = true,
["odt"] = true,
["orv"] = true,
["osx"] = true,
["pag"] = true,
["pam"] = true,
["phl"] = true,
["pi"] = true,
["pl"] = true,
["pra"] = true,
["pt"] = true,
["ro"] = true,
["rsk"] = true,
["ru"] = true,
["rue"] = true,
["sa"] = true,
["sc"] = true,
["sd"] = true,
["sei"] = true,
["sga"] = true,
["sh"] = true,
["shn"] = true,
["shu"] = true,
["sk"] = true,
["skr"] = true,
["sw"] = true,
["syc"] = true,
["szl"] = true,
["te"] = true,
["tg"] = true,
["th"] = true,
["tl"] = true,
["tpw"] = true,
["tsg"] = true,
["uk"] = true,
["ur"] = true,
["vec"] = true,
["vep"] = true,
["vi"] = true,
["war"] = true,
["yrl"] = true,
["zhx"] = true,
["zle-ono"] = true,
["zlw-ocs"] = true,
}
return langs_with_modules
fhhy80y5udond2hmb4g9m0b62h7caej
paka
0
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InternetArchiveBot
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{{also|paką|páka|päkä|pąka}}
==夏威夷語==
===動詞===
{{head|haw|動詞}}
# [[過濾]]出[[雜誌]]
# 提出[[建設性批評]]
===名詞===
{{head|haw|名詞}}
# [[黃油]],[[凝乳]](源自{{bor|haw|en|butter}})
# [[煙草]](源自{{bor|haw|en|tobacco}})
# [[混蛋]](源自{{bor|haw|en|bugger}})
# [[軟骨]]
# 一種魚,又叫[[ʻōpakapaka]]
# [[雨滴]]掉落的聲音<ref>[https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=p-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home---00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=paka&fqv=textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==拉脫維亞語==
===名詞===
{{lv-noun|f|4}}
# [[包裹]]
# [[捆]],[[扎]]
# [[盒]]
# [[袋]],麵粉袋
====變格====
{{lv-decl-noun|pak|a|4th|extrawidth=-60}}
====參見====
* {{l|lv|paciņa|g=f}}
==古圖皮語==
[[File:Cuniculus paca (8974356586).jpg|thumb|paka]]
===發音===
* {{IPA|tpw|/ˈpa.ka/}}
===名詞===
{{head|tpw|名詞}}
# 無尾刺豚鼠(''[[Cuniculus]]'')
#: {{ux|tpw|'''Paka''' o-nhan|'''無尾刺豚鼠'''跑了。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pt|paca|der=1}}
===參考資料===
* NAVARRO, E. A. Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil. São Paulo. Global. 2013.
[[Category:古圖皮語 哺乳動物]]
==波蘭語==
{{wiki|paka (ujednoznacznienie)|lang=pl}}
===發音===
* {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-paka.wav}}
===詞源1===
====名詞====
{{pl-noun|f}}
# {{l|pl|paczka}}的增義形。
# {{lb|pl|口語}} [[監獄]]
#: {{syn|pl|ciupa|koza|pierdel|pudło}}
# {{lb|pl|口語}} [[半掛車]]
#: {{syn|pl|naczepa}}
# {{lb|pl|口語}} 百元大鈔
#: {{syn|pl|stówa}}
=====變格=====
{{pl-decl-noun-f}}
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{pl-noun|f}}
# 無尾刺豚鼠(''[[Cuniculus]]'')
=====變格=====
{{pl-decl-noun-f}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:PWN}}
[[Category:波蘭語 哺乳動物]]
==拉帕努伊語==
===形容詞===
{{head|rap|形容詞}}
# [[乾]]的
==斯瓦希里語==
[[File:Black-footed cat, Zoo Wuppertal, July 2009.jpg|thumb|paka miguu-myeusi]]
{{wikipedia|lang=sw}}
===發音===
* {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-paka.flac|音頻 (肯尼亞)}}
===名詞===
{{sw-noun|n}}
# [[貓]]
===動詞===
{{sw-verb}}
# [[塗抹]](藥膏、唇膏等)
====變位====
{{sw-conj}}
[[Category:斯瓦希里語 貓科動物]]
==他加祿語==
===名詞===
{{tl-noun|pakâ}}
# [[軟體動物]]
# 軟體動物的[[殼]]
==祖魯語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|zu|en|park}}。
===動詞===
{{zu-verb}}
# [[泊車]]
====變位====
{{zu-infl-verb}}
km8brvs4c5yq4wiv7r6zfosb0dmw6xw
𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀡
0
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{root|pra|sa|अङ्ग्}}
{{inh+|pra|sa|अङ्गन}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=n}}
# [[庭院]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
** {{desc|mai|-}}
**: {{desc|mai|sclang=1|आङन}}
**: {{desc|mai|sclang=1|𑒂𑒓𑒢}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
** {{desc|kok|आंगण}}
** {{desc|omr||alt=āṅgaṇa}}
**: {{desc|omr|tr=-|sclang=1|आंगण}}
**: {{desc|omr|tr=-|sclang=1|𑘁𑘽𑘐𑘜}}
*** {{desc|mr|अंगण}}
* {{desc|pra-pai|-}}
** {{desc|sd|-}}
**: {{desc|sd|sclang=1|اَڱَڻُ}}
**: {{desc|sd|अङणु|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
** {{desc|gu|આંગણ}}
** 印度斯坦語:āṅgan
**: {{desc|hi|आँगन|tr=-}}
**: {{desc|ur|آنْگَن}}
** {{desc|vgr|આંગણો}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:CDIAL|aṁgaṇa}}
* {{R:pra:Sheth}}
6evy6osqlh29ruznnm4jbnw3ht78cyb
𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺
0
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{{also|𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕}}
==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=aggi}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|m}}
# {{pi-sc||aggi|t=火}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=m}}
==普拉克里特語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|pra|𑀅𑀕𑀡𑀺|𑀅𑀕𑀺𑀡𑀺}}
===詞源===
{{dercat|pra|inc-pro|ine-pro|iir-pro|inh=3}}
{{root|pra|ine-pro|*h₁engʷ-}}
{{inh+|pra|inc-ash|𑀅𑀕𑀺|ts=aggi}},{{inh+|pra|sa|अग्नि|tr=agní}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pi|aggi}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=m}}
# [[火]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|m}}
{{pra-mag-decl-noun|m}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra-ard|-}}
** {{desc|inc-oaw|आगि}}
* {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
** {{desc|as|আগি}}
** {{desc|bn|আগ}}
** {{desc|bho|-}}
**: {{desc|bho|आगि|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|bho|𑂄𑂏𑂱|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|or|ଆଗି|ନିଆଁ}}
** {{desc|rhg|ooin}}
** {{desc|syl|ꠀꠉꠥꠁꠘ}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
** {{desc|kok|-}}
**: {{desc|kok|आग|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kok|ಆಗ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kok|ആഗ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kok|ag|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘁𑘐𑘲|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|omr|आगि|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mr|आग|inh=1}}
* {{desc|pra-kha|-}}
** {{desc|doi|-}}
**: {{desc|doi|अग्ग|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|doi|𑠀𑠌𑠹𑠌|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|ne|आगो}}
*** {{desc|dty|आगो}}
* {{desc|pra-pai|-}}
** {{desc|kfr|આગ}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਅੱਗ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|اَگّ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
** {{desc|gu|આગ}}
** {{desc|inc-hnd|-}}
**: {{desc|hi|आग}}
**: {{desc|ur|آگ}}
** {{desc|rom|jag}}
** {{desc|vgr|અગ્ગ}}
* {{desc|ta|அக்கி|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|అగ్గి|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pra:Sheth}}
* {{R:inc:Pischel|194}}
* {{R:inc:Woolner|18}}
* {{R:CDIAL}}
* {{R:dra:DL|chapter=10.3 Phonological principles governing loanwords from Indo-Aryan|page=474}}
{{c|pra|火}}
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{{also|Pisum}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|la|grc|πίσον}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|pisum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|pisum<2>}}
# [[豌豆]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|pisum<2>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ca|der=1|pèsol}}
* {{desc|ang|bor=1|pise}}
** {{desc|enm|pese}}
*** {{desc|en|pease}}, {{desc|en|pea|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|frp|pês}}
* {{desc|fro|pois}}
** {{desc|fr|pois}}
** {{desc|nrf|pais}} {{qualifier|澤西}}, {{l|nrf|peis}} {{qualifier|根西}}
* {{desc|ga|pis|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pms|pòis}}
* {{desc|es|pésol}}
* {{desc|cy|pys|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
[[Category:拉丁語 蔬菜]]
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==卡拜爾語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|kab|/ˌθaq.βajˈliθ/}}
* {{audio|kab|Kab-Taqbaylit.ogg|'''Taqbaylit'''}}
===專有名詞===
{{kab-head|專有名詞|g=f|annex=teqbaylit}}
# [[卡拜爾語]]
#: {{ux|kab|Ttmeslayen s '''teqbaylit'''.|他們用'''卡拜爾語'''交談。}}
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{{also|अगन|अगनी|अग्नि-}}
==印地語==
===詞源===
{{lbor|hi|sa|अग्नि}}。{{doublet|hi|आग}}。最早形式是{{inh|hi|inc-ohi|अग्नि}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
* {{audio|hi|LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-अग्नि.wav|音頻}}
===專有名詞===
{{hi-proper noun|m|ur=اگنی}}
# {{lb|hi|印度教}} [[阿耆尼]]
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M.sg>}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|f|ur=اگنی}}
# {{lb|hi|正式}} [[火]]
#: {{syn|hi|आग|आतिश}}
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
==馬拉地語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|mr|अग्नी}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|mr|sa|अग्नि}}。{{doublet|mr|आग}}。對比{{cog|omr|𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡}}, {{l|omr|𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲}}, {{l|omr|𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|mr|專有名詞|g=m}}
# {{lb|mr|印度教}} [[阿耆尼]]
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=m|tr=agni}}
# {{lb|mr|正式}} [[火]]
==尼泊爾語==
===詞源===
{{lbor|ne|sa|अग्नि}}。
===發音===
* {{ne-IPA}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|ne|專有名詞}}
# [[阿耆尼]],印度教的火神
====變格====
{{ne-decl-noun-sg}}
===名詞===
{{ne-noun}}
# [[火]]
#: {{syn|ne|आगो}}
====變格====
{{ne-decl-noun-sg}}
==古印地語==
===詞源===
{{lbor|inc-ohi|sa|अग्नि}}。
===名詞===
{{head|inc-ohi|名詞|g=f}}
# [[火]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hi|अग्नि}}
==梵語==
===其他字體===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*Hagníṣ}} ← {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*Hagnís}} ← {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*h₁n̥gʷnís}}。與{{cog|la|ignis}}, {{cog|cu|огнь}}, {{l|cu|ⱁⰳⱀⱐ}}同源。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|sa|專有名詞|tr=agní|g=m}}
# [[阿耆尼]],印度教的火神
#* {{Q|sa||RV|1|1|1}}
#*: {{quote|sa|'''अ॒ग्नि'''मी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विजं॑ ।<br>होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मं ॥|'''I Laud Agni''', the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,<br>The hotar, lavishest of wealth.}}
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|agní}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m|tr=agní}}
# [[火]],祭祀用火(分三種:{{l|sa|गार्हपत्य}}, {{l|sa|आहवनीय}}, {{l|sa|दक्षिण}})
# 數字[[三]]
# [[胃液]]
# [[膽汁]]
# [[金]]
# 以下幾種植物的別名:
## {{taxlink|Semecarpus anacardium|species|noshow=1}}
## 白花丹,{{taxlink|Plumbago zeylanica|species|noshow=1}}
## 紫花丹,{{taxlink|Plumbago indica|species|noshow=1}}
## {{taxlink|Citrus aurantifolia|species|noshow=1}}
# {{l|sa|कातन्त्र}}語法中,以 ''i'' 和 ''u'' 結尾的名詞詞幹的名稱
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|agní}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|inc-ash|𑀅𑀕𑀺|ts=aggi}}
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اۆگُن}}
* {{desc|pgd|𐨀𐨒𐨁}}
* {{desctree|pi|aggi}}
* {{desc|as|অগ্নি|bor=1}}, {{l|as|আগুনি}}
* {{desc|bn|অগ্নি|bor=1}}, {{l|bn|আগুন}}
* {{desc|gu|અગ્નિ|bor=1}}
* {{→}}印度斯坦語:
** {{desctree|inc-ohi|अग्नि|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ur|اگنی|tr=agni|bor=1}}
* {{desc|jv|geni|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಅಗ್ನಿ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lo|ອັກຄະນີ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|omr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|अग्न|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|अग्नि}}, {{l|omr|अज्ञी}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|𑘀𑘐𑘿𑘡𑘲}}, {{l|omr|𑘀𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘲}}
** {{desc|mr|अग्नि|bor=1}}, {{l|mr|अग्नी}}
* {{desc|or|ଅଗ୍ନି|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|अगन|bor=1}}, {{l|mwr|अगनी}}
* {{desc|rhg|ooin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|syl|ꠀꠉꠥꠁꠘ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ta|அக்கினி|bor=1}}, {{l|ta|அக்னி}}, {{l|ta|அக்கி}}
* {{desc|te|అగ్ని|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|อัคนี|bor=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|sa|अथर्वन्}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:MW|0005}}
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{{also|वाति|वृत|वृति}}
==古古吉拉特語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|inc-ogu|sa|वार्त्ता}}。
===名詞===
{{head|inc-ogu|名詞|tr=vāta}}
# [[故事]],[[事情]]
====其他寫法====
* {{alter|inc-ogu|वत्त}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gu|વાત}}
==巴利語==
===其他字體===
{{pi-alt|Latn=vāta}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|m}}
# {{pi-sc|d|vāta}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|वात|a|m}}
==梵語==
===其他寫法===
{{sa-alt|Mymr=ဝါတ}}
===詞源1===
源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*HwáHatas||風}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*h₂wéh₁n̥ts|*h₂wéh₁-n̥t-os|風}}。與{{cog|ae|𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀}}, {{cog|fa|باد|tr=bâd}}, {{cog|grc|ἀείς}}, {{cog|la|ventus}}, {{cog|en|wind}}同源。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
====名詞====
{{sa-noun|tr=vā́ta|g=m}}<ref>{{R:MW|0934}}</ref>
# [[風]],[[空氣]]
#* {{Q|sa||RV|5|78|7|quote=यथा '''वातः''' पुष्करिणीं समिङ्गयति सर्वतः।<br>एवा ते गर्भ एजतु निरैतु दशमास्यः ॥|trans=Just like '''the wind''' on every side ruffles a pool of lotuses,<br>So stir in thee the babe unborn, so may the ten-month babe descend.}}
# [[風神]]
# 身體發出的風
# 作為人身體體液的風或空氣
# 風或空氣所導致的病態表現,如脹氣、痛風、風濕
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|vā́ta}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra-hel}}
** {{desc|dv|ވައި}}
* {{desc|pra-mag}}
** {{desc|as|বা}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀯𑀸𑀬}}
* {{desc|pra-pai}}
** {{desc|sd|واءُ|tr=vaha}}
* {{desc|pi|vāta}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|sa|वातर}}
** {{desc|pra-mah}}
*** {{desc|kok|वारो}}
*** {{desc|omr|-|tr=vārā}}
***: {{desc|omr|वारा|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|वारें}}
***: {{desc|omr|𑘪𑘰𑘨𑘰|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|𑘪𑘰𑘨𑘹𑘽}}
**** {{desc|mr|वारा}}
** {{desc|pra-pai}}
*** {{desc|sd||varāiṇu}}
***: {{desc|sd|वराइणु|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|sd|وَرَائِڻُ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pra-sau}}
*** {{desc|gu|વાયરો}}
* {{l|sa|वातुल}}
** {{desc|pra-sau|𑀯𑀸𑀉𑀮}}
*** 印度斯坦語:
***: {{desc|hi|बावला}}
***: {{desc|ur|باؤلا|tr=bāvlā}}
**** {{desc|mr|बावळट|der=1}}
** {{desc|hi|वातुल|bor=1}}
** {{desc|omr|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|omr|वातळ|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|वातुळ}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘪𑘰𑘝𑘯|sclang=1}}, {{l|omr|𑘪𑘰𑘝𑘳𑘯}}
*** {{desc|mr|वातूळ|bor=1}}
====借詞====
* {{desc|kn|ವಾತ}}
* {{desc|omr||vāta}}
*: {{desc|omr|वात|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘪𑘰𑘝|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mr|वात|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|వాతము}}
* {{desc|si|වාතය}}
====參見====
* {{l|sa|वायु|tr=vāyú}}
===詞源2===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*wáHtas}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*wáHtas}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*weh₂t-}}。與{{cog|sga|fáith}}, {{cog|non|Óðinn||[[奧丁]]}}, {{cog|got|𐍅𐍉𐌳𐍃}}, {{cog|ang|wōd||瘋狂的}}({{cog|en|wode}})同源。
====形容詞====
{{head|sa|形容詞|tr=vā́ta}}<ref>{{R:MW|0939}}</ref>
# [[受傷]]的
====派生詞====
* {{l|sa|निवात|tr=nivātá||沒有受傷的,安全的}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==古旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{dercat|inc-opa|inc-pro|iir-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
繼承自{{inh|inc-opa|pra|𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀫}},繼承自{{inh|inc-opa|sa|अष्टम|tr=aṣṭamá}}。
===形容詞===
{{inc-opa-adj|ts=aṭṭhavāṁ}}
# {{cln|inc-opa|序數詞}} [[第八]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|pa|-}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਅੱਠਵਾਂ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|اٹھْواں|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:inc-opa:Glossary|13}}
* {{R:inc-opa:SGGS|ਅਠਵਾਂ}}
* {{R:CDIAL|aṣṭamá|937|page=41}}
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==卡拜爾語==
===替代形式===
* {{mention|kab|Tafriqt}}
* {{mention|kab|Taferka}}
===詞源===
源自{{circumfix|kab|t|Afrik|t}},最終借自{{bor|kab|fr|Afrique}}。
===專有名詞===
{{kab-head|專有名詞|g=f|annex=tefrikt}}
# [[非洲]]
====變格====
{{kab-decl-noun|Tifriktin|Tefrikt|Tefriktin}}
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==荷兰语==
===发音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-fotonen.ogg}}
===名词===
{{head|nl|noun form}}
# {{plural of|nl|foton}}
==瑞典語==
===名詞===
{{head|sv|名詞變格形}}
# {{noun form of|sv|foton||def|s}}
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==土耳其語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|tr|/ɾe.zil/}}
===形容詞===
{{tr-adj}}
# [[卑劣]]的
# [[可恥]]的
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|резил|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|ρεζίλι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|резил|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|рѐзӣл|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|rèzīl|sclang=1}}
====變格====
{{tr-pred-c-adj|i|d}}
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{{also|え|之}}
{{character info}}
==日語==
===字源===
{{Hira-small|え|e}}
===構成形式===
{{ja-combining form|sc=Hira}}
# {{mention|ja|え|tr=e}}的小寫形式,與一些平假名組成單個平假名無法表示的發音;或者表示說話者發音的延長。
#: {{lang|ja|[[ち]]ぇ}} - 發音{{IPAchar|[tɕe]}} 而非{{IPAchar|[tɕi]}} ({{l|ja|ち}})或{{IPAchar|[te]}} ({{l|ja|て}})
#: {{l|ja|ちぇんじ}} - {{noncog|en|change}}的平假名轉寫
====使用註解====
* 參見{{ja-l|ぁ}}。
====相關假名====
* {{l|ja|ェ}} (小寫片假名)
* {{l|ja|え}} (全形)
====參見====
{{list:Hiragana/ja}}
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{{also|Sagitta}}
==英語==
{{wiki|lang=en}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|en|la|sagitta}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/səˈdʒɪt.ə/}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪtə}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|+|sagittae<q:arrowworm>}}
# [[拱頂石]]
# {{lb|en|幾何學}} [[弓形高]]
# {{lb|en|動物學}} (魚類的)[[矢耳石]]
# [[箭蟲]],''[[Sagitta]]''
{{Webster 1913}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|en|sagittal}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:MWO}}
==拉丁語==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
[[Image:Two arrows.jpg|thumb|250px|''duae sagittae''(兩支箭)]]
===詞源===
詞源{{unk|la}},可能源自拉丁語之前的地中海語言。<ref>{{R:Nocentini|hw=saetta}}</ref>與{{l|la|sāgiō||快速留意到}}有關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-sagitta.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|sagitta<1>}}
# [[箭]],[[箭頭]]
# {{lb|la|轉喻}}
## {{lb|la|植物學}} [[藤]][[枝]][[芽]]最窄的部分
## [[慈姑]] {{gloss|''[[Sagittaria]]''}}
## {{lb|la|晚期拉丁語|醫學}} [[柳葉刀]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|sagitta<1>}}
====派生詞====
{{col3|la
|Sagitta
|sagittārius
|sagittifer
|sagittō
|sagittula
|sagittālis
|Sagittiger
|Sagittipotēns
|Scytalosagittipelliger}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|sagāx}}
* {{l|la|sāgiō}}
* {{l|la|sāgus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|shigjetë|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rup|sãdzeatã}}
* {{desc|ast|saeta}}
* {{desc|br|saezh|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|sageta}}, {{desc|ca|sagita|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|kw|seth|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|sagitta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|sago|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|saete}}
* {{desc|ist|sàita}}
* {{desc|it|saetta}}; {{desc|it|sagitta|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|lld|saëta}}, {{desc|lld|sita|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|mt|sajjetta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gv|side|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|sageta}}
* {{desc|fro|saete}}, {{desc|fro|saiete|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|fr|sagette}}
* {{desc|sga|saiget|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ga|saighead}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|saeta}}
** {{desc|gl|seta}}
** {{desc|pt|seta}}
* {{desc|ro|săgeată}}
* {{desc|rm|sajetta}}
* {{desc|gd|saighead|bor=1}}
* {{desc|scn|sajitta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|saeta}}, {{desc|es|sagita|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|mul|''[[Sagitta]]''|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vo|sagit|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|sita}}, {{desc|vec|saéta|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|cy|saeth|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|la|arcus|g=m}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{reflist}}
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈvɛʁdəst/|/ˈveːɐ̯dəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-werdest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|werden||2|s|sub|I}}
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{{also|Sapientia}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{affix|la|sapiēns|-ia}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-sapientia.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
* {{homophones|la|Sapientia}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|sapientia<1>}}
# [[智慧]],洞察力
# [[技能]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|sapientia<1>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|la|Sapientia}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|sapiēns}}
* {{l|la|sapienter}}
* {{l|la|sapiō}}
* {{l|la|sapor}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|en|sapience}}
* {{desc|fr|sapience}}
* {{desc|gl|sabenza}}; {{desc|gl|sapiencia|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|it|sapienza}}
* {{desc|pms|sapiensa}}
* {{desc|pt|sapiência|bor=1}}, {{l|pt|sabença}}
* {{desc|ro|sapiență}}
* {{desc|es|sapiencia}}
* {{desc|cy|sabyddiaeth}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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==意大利語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|it|fr|bitte}}。
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# {{lb|it|航海}} 系船柱
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|it|galloccia}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȉtva|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|би̏тва|sclang=1}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|it|batti}}
==書面挪威語==
===其他寫法===
* {{l|nb|bittene}}
===名詞===
{{head|nb|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{inflection of|nb|bitt||def|p}}
==烏茲別克語==
===限定詞===
{{head|uz|限定詞}}
# [[一]]個
# [[某]]個
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{{also|αήρ|Appendix:"aer"的變體}}
==古希臘語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|grc|ἠέρος||hom|屬格}}
* {{alter|grc|ᾱ̓βήρ||dor}}
* {{alter|grc|αὐήρ||aio}}
* {{alter|grc|ἠήρ||ion}}
===詞源===
{{root|grc|ine-pro|*h₂ews-}}
Beekes 構擬出{{inh|grc|grk-pro|*auhḗr||早晨的霧}},源自{{inh|grc|ine-pro|*h₂ewsḗr}},源自{{mention|ine-pro|*h₂ews-||黎明;東方}}。與{{mention|grc|αὔρᾱ}} (< {{mention|ine-pro|*h₂éwsreh₂}})、{{cog|la|aurōra}}同源。<ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|page=27|volume=1|head=ᾱ̓ήρ}}</ref> ''a'' 被補償性延長為 ''ā''。
Sihler 構擬出{{inh|grc|grk-pro|*āwḗr||早晨的霧}},但沒給出更遠的詞源。<ref>{{R:Sihler 1995|section=54}}</ref><ref>{{R:Sihler 1995|section=284 A}}</ref>參見{{cog|sq|fjur}}。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA|ἀ¯ήρ}}
===名詞===
{{grc-noun|head=ᾱ̓ήρ|ᾱ̓έρος|m|third}}
# [[薄霧]]
# [[空氣]]
# [[風]]
# [[空間]]
# [[藍色]]或[[灰色]](天空的顏色)
====變格====
{{grc-decl|ᾱ̓ήρ|ᾱ̓έρος|form=M-sing|dial=att}}
{{grc-decl|ᾱ̓ήρ|ἠέρος|form=M-sing|dial=epi}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|grc|ἠερόεις}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|el|αέρας}}
* {{desc|bor=1|arc|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|syc|ܐܐܪ|tr=ʾāʾar}}
* {{desc|la|āēr|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
====參見====
* {{l|grc|αἰθήρ}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:grc:LSJ}}
* {{R:grc:Middle Liddell}}
* {{R:grc:Autenrieth}}
* {{R:Cunliffe}}
* {{R:Slater}}
* {{R:Strong's|G|109}}
* {{R:LBG}}
* {{R:grc:Woodhouse}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
{{topics|grc|天氣|顏色}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*rā́ˀjus||天堂}},借自一{{der|sla-pro|ira}}語言,源自{{der|sla-pro|ira-pro|*raHíš}},源自{{der|sla-pro|iir-pro|*raHíš}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*reh₁ís||財富,財產}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*ràjь}}
# [[天堂]],[[樂土]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|ràjь|ap=a}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*radǫga||彩虹}} {{qual|東斯拉夫語支|民間說法認為前綴 '''*ra-''' 與{{mention|sla-pro|*rajь}}有關}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|раи}}
*** {{desc|be|рай}}
*** {{desc|ru|рай}}
*** {{desc|uk|рай}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|раи|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱃⰰⰹ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|рай}}
** {{desc|mk|рај}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ра̑ј|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|rȃj|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|raj}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|ráj}}
** {{desc|csb|rôj}}
** {{desc|pl|raj}}
** {{desc|sk|raj}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|raj}}
*** {{desc|hsb|raj}}
* {{desc|ro|rai|bor=1}}
====拓展閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|рай}}
* {{R:sla:Verweij|p=533}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
[[Image:Mouse vermin02.jpg|thumb|[[田鼠]]]]
===詞源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*mū́ˀšis}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*múh₂s}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*mỳšь}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|337|*mỳšь|f. i (a) ‘mouse’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|myšь myši|''a'' (SA 23, 148, 166, 199; PR 132; RPT 97)}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|齧齒目}} [[鼠]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|mỳšь|g=f|ap=a}}
====參見====
* {{l|sla-pro|*stьbľь}}, {{l|sla-pro|*maca}}, {{l|sla-pro|*kotъ}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top3}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšakъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšarjь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšastъ}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšatъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšejadъ}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšejadь}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšejaďa}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšejadina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšelopъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšelovъ}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšilovъ|t=鷲}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšelovъka}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšelovьcь}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšelovica}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšemorъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšenina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšenъka}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšepadъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšepolxъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšepǫdъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšera}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšerъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšerězъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšetravъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myševatъ, myševitъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myševъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myševina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myševějь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšę}} ({{l|sla-pro||*myšęt-}})
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšętina}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšęťь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšętьnikъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšikъ|g=m}}, {{l|sla-pro|*myšica|g=f}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšinъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšinьcь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšišče}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšiťь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšura}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšurъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšьcь|g=m}}, {{l|sla-pro|*myšьca|g=f|t=肌肉}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšьjakъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšьkъ|g=m}}, {{l|sla-pro|*myšьka|g=f}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšьkovati}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*myšьnъ||上臂的}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšьnikъ|g=m}}, {{l|sla-pro|*myšьnica|g=f}} / {{l|sla-pro|*myšьna|t=肱二頭肌;腋窩}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*myšьnjakъ}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|мꙑшь}}
*** {{desc|be|мыш}}
*** {{desc|ru|мышь}}
*** {{desc|uk|ми́ша}}, {{l|uk|миш}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: 西里爾字母: {{l|cu|мꙑшь}}
**: 格拉哥里字母: {{l|cu|sc=Glag|ⰿⱏⰹⱎⱐ}}
** {{desc|bg|мишка}}, {{l|bg|миш}} {{廢}}
** {{desc|mk|миш}} {{方}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ми̏ш|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|mȉš|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|mȉš}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|myš}}
** {{desc|csb|mësz}}
** {{desc|pox|mois}}
** {{desc|pl|mysz}}
** {{desc|sk|myš}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|myš}}
*** {{desc|dsb|myš}}
{{bottom}}
====拓展閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|мышь}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|мышь|page=552|vol=1}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*myšь|65|21}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/myšь]]
[[fr:Annexe:proto-slave/*myšь]]
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==原始伊朗語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|ira-pro|iir-pro|*múHs}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ira-pro|名詞}}
# [[鼠]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 中部伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ae|𐬨𐬏𐬱}}
* 東北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|xsc-pro}}
*** {{desc|os|-}}
***: {{desc|os-dig|мистӕ}}
***: {{desc|os-iro|мыст}}
*** {{desc|xsc-sak-pro|*mūžli}}
**** {{desc|kho|tr=mūla-|t=大鼠}}
** 粟特-巴克特里亞語支:
*** {{desc|xco|tr=muf}}
*** 粟特語支:
**** {{desc|sog|tr=mwš|ts=mūš}}
**** {{desc|yai|муш}}
* 東南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ps|مږک|tr=muģák, mëģák}}, {{l|ps|موږک|tr=muģák}}, {{l|ps|مګک|tr=mëgák|g=m|t=鼠}}, {{l|ps|مږه|tr=më́ģa}}, {{l|ps|مګه|tr=më́ga|g=f|t=大鼠}}
* 西北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|bal|مشک|tr=mušk}}, {{l|bal|موشک|tr=múšk}}
** 庫爾德語:
**: {{desc|ckb|مشک}}
**: {{desc|kmr|mişk}}
**: {{desc|sdh|مۊش}}
**: {{desc|lki|مۊش}}
** {{desc|xme-ttc-pro}}
*** {{desc|xme-ott}}
**** {{desc|hrz|مورا|tr=mōrā}}
**** {{desc|kgn|مورا|tr=murā}}
*** {{desc|tly|-}}
***: {{desc|tly-sou|موره|tr=morə|ts=mora}}, {{l|tly|ماره|tr=marə|ts=māra}}
** Zaza-Gurani:
*** {{desc|hac|موش|tr=muš}}, {{l|hac|مڵە|tr=miła}}
*** {{desc|zza|muş}}, {{l|zza|merre}}
* 西南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|pal|-}}
**: {{desc|pal|tr=mwšk'|ts=mušk|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
*** 盧里語支:
**** {{desc|lrc|میشک|tr=mišk}}
****: Qazvinian Lurish: {{l|lrc|میش|tr=miš}}
**** {{desc|bqi|مۊشک|tr=mušk}}
**** {{desc|luz|موشک|tr=mošk}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls|موش|tr=mūš}}
**** {{desc|fa-ira|موش|tr=muš}}, {{方}} {{l|fa|مشک|tr=mošk}}
**** {{desc|tg|муш}}
**** {{desc|jdt|-}}
****: {{desc|jdt|муш|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|jdt|מאוּש|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|jdt|muş|sclang=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{topics|ira-pro|哺乳動物}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*pleh₂-|t=平的,寬的}},通過{{mention|ine-pro||*polh₂-(i)yo-}}。
對比{{cog|la|palam|t=開放地}}、{{cog|de|Westfalen|West-falen}}、{{cog|xcl|հող|t=土,壤}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*pȍľe}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|411|*pȍļe}}</ref>
# [[田]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=c}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|sla-pro|*poľaninъ||住在田地者}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|поле}}
*** {{desc|be|по́ле}}
*** {{desctree|ru|по́ле}}
*** {{desc|rue|по́ле}}
*** {{desc|uk|по́ле}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|полѥ}}
** {{desc|bg|по́ле}}
** {{desc|mk|по́ле}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|по̏ље|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|pȍlje|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|pọ̑ljȇ}}, {{l|sl|poljẹ}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|pole}}
** {{desc|csb|pòlé}}
** {{desc|pl|pole}}
** {{desc|sk|pole}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|pólo}}
*** {{desc|hsb|polo}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/poľe]]
[[ru:*polje]]
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==原始印歐語==
===詞根===
{{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|head=πέος|page=1173|volume=II}}</ref><ref>{{R:itc:EDL|head=pēnis|page=458}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Kloekhorst2008|head=*pešan- / pešn- / pišen-|page=775}}</ref>
# [[陰莖]]
====派生詞====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*pés-os ~ *pés-es-os}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*péhos}}
*** {{desc|grc|πέος}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*pásas}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*pásas}}
**** {{desc|sa|पसस्|tr=pásas}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*pés-ō ~ *pes-n-és}}
** {{desc|ine-ana-pro|}}
*** {{desc|hit|𒇽𒀸|tr=LÚ-aš (gen. pe-eš-na-aš)}}
** {{desc|ine-pro||*pés-ni-s|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|*peznis}}
**** {{desc|la|pēnis}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*pés-l̥}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*faslaz|*fas(u)laz|t=後代,子孫}}
*** {{desc|ang|fæsl|t=後代,子孫}}
*** {{desc|non|fösull}}
*** {{desc|goh|fasal|t=後代}}
**** {{desc|gmh|vasel|t=種畜}}
***** {{desc|de|Fasel}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
bbb5si8t10chcrogemvthenh9q5dhzv
श्वन्
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{{also|श्वान|श्वानो|श्वानों}}
==梵語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*śwā́}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*ćwā́}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*ḱwṓ||狗}}。與{{cog|grc|κύων||狗}}、{{cog|la|canis||狗}}、{{cog|ae|𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥||狗}}、{{cog|lt|šuo}}、{{cog|xcl|շուն}}、{{cog|ang|hund}} ({{cog|en|hound}})同源。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=śván|g=m}}
# [[狗]],[[獵狗]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|lemma=śván
|ins_s=śúnā(dat)_s=śúne|abl_s=śúnaḥ|gen_s=śúnaḥ|loc_s=śúni
|gen_d=śúnoḥ|loc_d=śúnoḥ
(acc)_p=śúnaḥ|gen_p=śúnām}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|kls|šọ̃́a}}
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|ہوٗن|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|हून|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|scl|śun}}
* {{desc|pi|sā|soṇa}}
** {{desc|th|โสณ|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|pra}}
** {{desc|kok|सूणें}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sa:MW|1105/1}}
[[Category:梵語 哺乳動物]]
n7mz3rdv9rgvkfoditvq83ia2hlalft
Reconstruction:原始伊朗語/cwā́
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始伊朗語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|ira-pro|iir-pro|*ćwā́}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ira-pro|名詞}}
# [[狗]]
#: {{syn|ira-pro|*kútah}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 中部伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ae|𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥|𐬯𐬞𐬁}}
* 東北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|kho|tr=śve}}
* 東南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ps|سپی|tr=spay|g=m}}, {{l|ps|سپۍ|tr=spëy|g=f}}
* 西北伊朗語支:
** 庫爾德語:
*** {{desc|kmr|se}}
*** {{desc|ckb|سەگ}}
** {{desc|ira-mpr-pro|*spā́kəh}}
*** 裡海語支:
**** {{desc|glk|اسپه|tr=əspə}}, {{l|glk|سک|tr=sək}}
**** {{desc|mzn|سک|tr=sak}}
*** {{desctree|xme-old|σπάκα|tr=spā́kəʰ}}
*** {{desc|xpr|𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫃|ts=ispag}}
**** {{desc|fa|اسبه|tr=esba|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ira-zgr-pro}}
**** {{desc|hac|سپە|tr=sipa}}
**** {{desc|zza|espe|tr=aspa}}
*** {{desctree|bor=1|orv|собака|t=狗}} (< *sabāka-)
**** {{desc|be|саба́ка|g=m|t=狗}}
**** {{desctree|ru|соба́ка|g=f|t=狗,獵狗}}
**** {{desctree|uk|соба́ка|g=m,f|t=狗}}
* 西南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|peo|*sakaʰ}}
*** {{desc|pal|-|ts=sak, sag}}
***: {{desc|pal|𐫘𐫃|sclang=1|sc=Mani}}
***: {{desc|pal||tr=KLBA||sclang=1|sc=Phlv}}
***: {{desc|pal||tr=sky|sclang=1|sc=Phlp}}
**** {{desc|fa|سگ|tr=sag}}
**** {{desc|lrc|سٱی|tr=say}}
**** {{desc|ttt|səy|tr=say}}
{{bottom}}
{{topics|ira-pro|哺乳動物}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/svinьja
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*sū-}}的形容詞形式。對比{{cog|lv|sivēns}}、{{cog|gem-pro|*swīną}}、{{cog|la|suīnus}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*svinьjà}}
# [[豬]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|svinьjà|ap=c}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|свіння́}}
** {{desc|ru|свинья́}}
** {{desc|uk|свиня́}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|свиниꙗ}}
** {{desc|bg|свиня́}}
** {{desc|mk|свиња}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|сви́ња|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|svínja|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|svinja}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|svině}}
** {{desc|pox|svaińă}}
** {{desc|pl|świnia}}
** {{desc|sk|sviňa}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|swinja}}
*** {{desc|hsb|swinjo}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*bʰers-}}
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*baršina}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*bʰorsinóm}},源自{{mention|ine-pro|*bʰers-||扎,刺}}。與{{cog|lv|barĩba||食物}}、{{cog|la|far||麵粉|g=n}}、{{mention|la|fārīna||麵粉|g=f}}、{{cog|en|barley||大麥}}、{{cog|got|𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃||大麥製成的}}, {{cog|non|barr||穀物|g=m}}、{{cog|sga|bairgen||麵包|g=f}}、{{cog|cy|bara||麵包}}同源。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*bȏršьno}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|57|*bȍršьno|n. o (c) ‘flour, food’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|boršьno|''c'' mel (PR 138)}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=brášno|passage=*bȏršьno}}</ref>
# [[麵粉]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=c}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*bъrščь||甜菜湯}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|борошьно|t=麵粉製品}}
*** {{desc|ru|бо́рошно|t=黑麥麵粉}} {{方}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|борошно|t=麵粉}}
**** {{desc|uk|бо́рошно|t=麵粉}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: 西里爾字母: {{l|cu|брашьно}}
**: 格拉哥里字母: {{l|cu|ⰱⱃⰰⱎⱐⱀⱁ}}
*** {{desc|ru|бра́шно|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|uk|бра́шно|bor=1|t=麵粉製品}}
** {{desc|bg|брашно́}}
** {{desc|mk|брашно}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|бра̏шно|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|brȁšno|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|brášnọ}}
====拓展閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|борошно}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*boršьno|212|02}}
* {{R:bg:BER|брашно|75|1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
i0q72qhnaykjb77xy3pwkqkipstkb7n
Module:Category tree/languages
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text/plain
local new_title = mw.title.new
local ucfirst = require("Module:string utilities").ucfirst
local split = require("Module:string utilities").split
local raw_categories = {}
local raw_handlers = {}
local m_languages = require("Module:languages")
local m_sc_getByCode = require("Module:scripts").getByCode
local m_table = require("Module:table")
local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities"
local concat = table.concat
local insert = table.insert
local reverse_ipairs = m_table.reverseIpairs
local serial_comma_join = m_table.serialCommaJoin
local size = m_table.size
local sorted_pairs = m_table.sortedPairs
local to_json = require("Module:JSON").toJSON
local Hang = m_sc_getByCode("Hang")
local Hani = m_sc_getByCode("Hani")
local Hira = m_sc_getByCode("Hira")
local Hrkt = m_sc_getByCode("Hrkt")
local Kana = m_sc_getByCode("Kana")
local function track(page)
-- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/category tree/languages/PAGE]]
return require("Module:debug/track")("category tree/languages/" .. page)
end
-- This handles language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and
-- [[:Category:British Sign Language]]; categories like [[:Category:Languages of Indonesia]]; categories like
-- [[:Category:English-based creole or pidgin languages]]; and categories like
-- [[:Category:English-based constructed languages]].
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
raw_categories["所有語言"] = {
topright = "{{commonscat|Languages}}\n[[File:Languages world map-transparent background.svg|thumb|right|250px|世界語系分佈略圖]]",
description = "本分類包括了維基詞典中的所有語言分類。",
additional = "維基詞典收錄的各種語言并不是都在此處有自己的分類。有關完整列表,請參閱[[Wiktionary:語言列表]]。",
parents = {
"分類",
},
}
raw_categories["所有絕跡語言"] = {
description = "本分類包括了維基詞典所有[[絕跡語言]]的分類。",
additional = "與收錄絕跡語言名字的[[:Category:絕跡語言]]不同。",
parents = {
"所有語言",
},
}
raw_categories["各國家與地區語言"] = {
topright = "{{commonscat|Languages by continent}}",
description = "按國家和地區分組的語言分類。",
additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}",
parents = {
"所有語言",
},
}
raw_categories["沒有分入地區分類的語言"] = {
description = "(在 {{tl|auto cat}} 呼叫中)未指定使用地區的語言。",
additional = "這不包括人工語言和重構語言;因此,本分類中的所有語言都明確將其地區指定為 {{cd|UNKNOWN}}。",
parents = {
{name = "請求"},
},
hidden = true,
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW HANDLERS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Given a category (without the "Category:" prefix), look up the page
-- defining the category, find the call to {{auto cat}} (if any),
-- and return a table of its arguments. If the category page doesn't exist
-- or doesn't have an {{auto cat}} invocation, return nil.
-- FIXME: Duplicated in [[Module:category tree/lects]].
local function scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat)
local cat_page = mw.title.new("Category:" .. cat)
if cat_page then
local contents = cat_page:getContent()
if contents then
for template in require("Module:template parser").find_templates(contents) do
-- The template parser automatically handles redirects and
-- canonicalizes them.
if template:get_name() == "auto cat" then
return template:get_arguments()
end
end
end
end
return nil
end
local function link_location(location)
local location_no_the = location:match("^the (.*)$")
local bare_location = location_no_the or location
local bare_location_parts = split(bare_location, ", ")
for i, part in ipairs(bare_location_parts) do
bare_location_parts[i] = ("[[%s]]"):format(part)
end
local location_link = concat(bare_location_parts, ", ")
if location_no_the then location_link = "the " .. location_link end
return location_link
end
local function linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname)
local wiktionarylinks = {}
local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName()
local wikimediaLanguages = lang:getWikimediaLanguages()
local wikipediaArticle = setwiki or lang:getWikipediaArticle(true)
setwiki = not wikipediaArticle and "-"
setsister = setsister and ucfirst(setsister) or nil
if setwikt then
track("setwikt")
if setwikt == "-" then track("setwikt/hyphen") end
end
if setwikt ~= "-" and wikimediaLanguages and wikimediaLanguages[1] then
for _, wikimedialang in ipairs(wikimediaLanguages) do
local check = new_title(wikimedialang:getCode() .. ":")
if check and check.isExternal then
insert(wiktionarylinks,
(
wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() ~= canonicalName
and "(''" .. wikimedialang:getCanonicalName() .. "'') "
or ""
) .. (
"'''[[:" .. wikimedialang:getCode()
.. ":|" .. wikimedialang:getCode()
.. ".wiktionary.org]]'''"
)
)
end
end
wiktionarylinks = concat(wiktionarylinks, "<br/>")
end
if #wiktionarylinks == 0 then
wiktionarylinks = "''無。''"
end
-- Avoid showing Wiktionary links section for reconstructed languages,
-- as they are ineligible for Wiktionary editions
local wiktionarylinks_chunk = concat{
[=[|-
| style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; width: 40px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg|35px|none|Wiktionary]]
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | ''']=], canonicalName, [=[版的維基詞典:'''
<div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], wiktionarylinks, [=[</div>
]=]}
if lang:hasType('reconstructed') then
wiktionarylinks_chunk = ''
end
if setsister then
track("setsister")
if setsister == "-" then
track("setsister/hyphen")
else
setsister = "Category:" .. setsister
end
else
setsister = lang:getCommonsCategory() or "-"
end
return concat{ -- FIXME: Bare wikicode
[=[<div class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px; padding: 5px;">
<div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px">''']=], canonicalName, [=['''相關連結</div>
{| style="font-size: 90%"
|-
| style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Wikipedia-logo.png|35px|none|Wikipedia]]
| style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''中文維基百科'''上有關]=], canonicalName, [=[的條目:
<div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setwiki == "-" and "''無。''" or "'''[[w:" .. wikipediaArticle .. "|" .. wikipediaArticle .. "]]'''"), [=[</div>
|-
| style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|35px|none|Wikimedia Commons]]
| style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''維基共享資源'''上有關]=], canonicalName, [=[的多媒體資源:
<div style="padding: 5px 10px">]=], (setsister == "-" and "''無。''" or "'''[[commons:" .. setsister .. "|" .. setsister .. "]]'''"), [=[</div>
]=], wiktionarylinks_chunk, [=[
|-
| style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | [[File:Codex icon articles color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Entry]]
| style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-grey-4, lightgray);" | '''該語言名稱的維基詞典詞條:'''
<div style="padding: 5px 10px">''']=], require("Module:links").full_link({lang = m_languages.getByCode("zh"), term = entryname or canonicalName}), [=['''</div>
|-
| style="vertical-align: top; height: 35px;" | [[File:Codex icon book color-progressive.svg|35px|none|Resources]]
|| '''編輯]=], canonicalName, [=[詞條的維基詞典資源:'''
<div style="padding: 5px 0">
* '''[[Wiktionary:關於]=], canonicalName, [=[]]'''
* '''[[:Category:]=], canonicalName, [=[參考文獻模板|參考文獻模板]] ({{PAGESINCAT:]=], canonicalName, [=[參考文獻模板}})'''
* '''[[Appendix:]=], canonicalName, [=[參考書目|參考書目]]'''
</div>
|}
</div>]=]
}
end
local function edit_link(title, text)
return '<span class="plainlinks">['
.. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(title, { action = "edit" }))
.. ' ' .. text .. ']</span>'
end
-- Should perhaps use wiki syntax.
local function infobox(lang)
local ret = {}
insert(ret, '<table class="wikitable language-category-info"')
local raw_data = lang:getData("extra")
if raw_data then
local replacements = {
[1] = "canonical-name",
[2] = "wikidata-item",
[3] = "family",
[4] = "scripts",
}
local function replacer(letter1, letter2)
return letter1:lower() .. "-" .. letter2:lower()
end
-- For each key in the language data modules, returns a descriptive
-- kebab-case version (containing ASCII lowercase words separated
-- by hyphens).
local function kebab_case(key)
key = replacements[key] or key
key = key:gsub("(%l)(%u)", replacer):gsub("(%l)_(%l)", replacer)
return key
end
local compress = {compress = true}
local function html_attribute_encode(str)
str = to_json(str, compress)
:gsub('"', """)
-- & in attributes is automatically escaped.
-- :gsub("&", "&")
:gsub("<", "<")
:gsub(">", ">")
return str
end
insert(ret, ' data-code="' .. lang:getCode() .. '"')
for k, v in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do
insert(ret, " data-" .. kebab_case(k)
.. '="'
.. html_attribute_encode(v)
.. '"')
end
end
insert(ret, '>\n')
insert(ret, '<tr class="language-category-data">\n<th colspan="2">'
.. edit_link(lang:getDataModuleName(), "編輯語言資料")
.. "</th>\n</tr>\n")
insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>規範名稱</th><td>" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "</td>\n</tr>\n")
local otherNames = lang:getOtherNames()
if otherNames then
local names = {}
for _, name in ipairs(otherNames) do
insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>")
end
if #names > 0 then
insert(ret, (
"<tr>\n<th>其他名稱</th><td><ul>"
.. concat(names, "\n")
.. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n"
)
)
end
end
local aliases = lang:getAliases()
if aliases then
local names = {}
for _, name in ipairs(aliases) do
insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>")
end
if #names > 0 then
insert(ret, (
"<tr>\n<th>別名</th><td><ul>"
.. concat(names, "\n")
.. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n"
)
)
end
end
local varieties = lang:getVarieties()
if varieties then
local names = {}
for _, name in ipairs(varieties) do
if type(name) == "string" then
insert(names, "<li>" .. name .. "</li>")
else
assert(type(name) == "table")
local first_var
local subvars = {}
for i, var in ipairs(name) do
if i == 1 then
first_var = var
else
insert(subvars, "<li>" .. var .. "</li>")
end
end
if #subvars > 0 then
insert(names, (
"<li><dl><dt>"
.. first_var .. "</dt>\n<dd><ul>"
.. concat(subvars, "\n")
.. "</ul></dd></dl></li>"
)
)
elseif first_var then
insert(names, "<li>" .. first_var .. "</li>")
end
end
end
if #names > 0 then
insert(ret, (
"<tr>\n<th>變體</th><td><ul>"
.. concat(names, "\n")
.. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n"
)
)
end
end
insert(ret, (
"<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:語言|語言代碼]]</th><td><code>"
.. lang:getCode()
.. "</code></td>\n</tr>\n"
)
)
insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:語系|語系]]</th>\n")
local fam = lang:getFamily()
local famCode = fam and fam:getCode()
if not fam then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:未分類語言|未分類]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:歸屬爭議語言|歸屬爭議]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:孤立語言|孤立語言]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:混合語言|混合語言]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:無法分類語言|無法分類語言]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "sgn" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:所有手語|手語]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "crp" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:克里奧爾語或皮欽語|克里奧爾語或皮欽語]]</td>")
elseif famCode == "art" then
insert(ret, "<td>[[:Category:人工語言|人工語言]]</td>")
else
insert(ret, "<td>" .. fam:makeCategoryLink() .. "</td>")
end
insert(ret, "\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<th>祖語</th>\n<td>")
local ancestors = lang:getAncestors()
if ancestors[2] then
local ancestorList = {}
for i, anc in ipairs(ancestors) do
ancestorList[i] = "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>"
end
insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(ancestorList, "\n") .. "</ul>")
else
local ancestorChain = lang:getAncestorChainOld()
if ancestorChain[1] then
local chain = {}
for _, anc in reverse_ipairs(ancestorChain) do
insert(chain, "<li>" .. anc:makeCategoryLink() .. "</li>")
end
insert(ret, "<ul>\n" .. concat(chain, "\n<ul>\n") .. ("</ul>"):rep(#chain))
else
insert(ret, "未知")
end
end
insert(ret, "</td>\n</tr>\n")
local scripts = lang:getScripts()
if scripts[1] then
local script_text = {}
local function makeScriptLine(sc)
local code = sc:getCode()
local url = tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl('Special:Search', {
search = 'contentmodel:css insource:"' .. code
.. '" insource:/\\.' .. code .. '/',
ns8 = '1'
}))
return sc:makeCategoryLink()
.. ' (<span class="plainlinks" title="Search for stylesheets referencing this script">[' .. url .. ' <code>' .. code .. '</code>]</span>)'
end
local function add_Hrkt(text)
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hrkt))
insert(text, "<ul>")
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hira) .. "</li>")
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Kana) .. "</li>")
insert(text, "</ul>")
insert(text, "</li>")
end
for _, sc in ipairs(scripts) do
local text = {}
local code = sc:getCode()
if code == "Hrkt" then
add_Hrkt(text)
else
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(sc))
if code == "Jpan" then
insert(text, "<ul>")
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>")
add_Hrkt(text)
insert(text, "</ul>")
elseif code == "Kore" then
insert(text, "<ul>")
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hang) .. "</li>")
insert(text, "<li>" .. makeScriptLine(Hani) .. "</li>")
insert(text, "</ul>")
end
insert(text, "</li>")
end
insert(script_text, concat(text, "\n"))
end
insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:文字|文字]]</th>\n<td><ul>\n" .. concat(script_text, "\n") .. "</ul></td>\n</tr>\n")
else
insert(ret, "<tr>\n<th>[[Wiktionary:文字|文字]]</th>\n<td>未指定</td>\n</tr>\n")
end
local function add_module_info(raw_data, heading)
if raw_data then
local scripts = lang:getScriptCodes()
local module_info, add = {}, false
if type(raw_data) == "string" then
insert(module_info,
("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data))
add = true
else
local raw_data_type = type(raw_data)
if raw_data_type == "table" and size(scripts) == 1 and type(raw_data[scripts[1]]) == "string" then
insert(module_info,
("[[Module:%s]]"):format(raw_data[scripts[1]]))
add = true
elseif raw_data_type == "table" then
insert(module_info, "<ul>")
for script, data in sorted_pairs(raw_data) do
if type(data) == "string" and m_sc_getByCode(script) then
insert(module_info, ("<li><code>%s</code>: [[Module:%s]]</li>"):format(script, data))
end
end
insert(module_info, "</ul>")
add = size(module_info) > 2
end
end
if add then
insert(ret, [=[
<tr>
<th>]=] .. heading .. [=[</th>
<td>]=] .. concat(module_info) .. [=[</td>
</tr>
]=])
end
end
end
add_module_info(raw_data.generate_alternants, "變體生成<br>模組")
add_module_info(raw_data.translit, "[[Wiktionary:轉寫與羅馬化|轉寫模組]]")
add_module_info(raw_data.display_text, "展示文字<br>模組")
add_module_info(raw_data.strip_diacritics, "變音符號去除<br>模組")
add_module_info(raw_data.sort_key, "[[排序鍵]]<br>模組")
local wikidataItem = lang:getWikidataItem()
if lang:getWikidataItem() and mw.wikibase then
local URL = mw.wikibase.getEntityUrl(wikidataItem)
local link
if URL then
link = '[[d:' .. wikidataItem .. '|' .. wikidataItem .. ']]'
else
link = '<span class="error">無效的維基數據頁面: <code>' .. wikidataItem .. '</code></span>'
end
insert(ret, "<tr><th>維基數據</th><td>" .. link .. "</td></tr>")
end
insert(ret, "</table>")
return concat(ret)
end
local function NavFrame_for_family_tree(content, title)
return '<div class="NavFrame"><div class="NavHead">'
.. (title or '{{{title}}}') .. '</div>'
.. '<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left; font-size: calc(1em / 0.95); padding: 0.3em">'
.. content
.. '</div></div>'
end
local function get_description_topright_additional(lang, locations, extinct, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname)
local nameWithLanguage = lang:getCategoryName("nocap")
if lang:getCode() == "und" then
local description =
"本分類為'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''的主分類,維基詞典使用[[Wiktionary:語言|代碼]] '''" .. lang:getCode() .. "'''來表示。 " ..
"該語言包含歷史著作中的詞語,其含義尚未為學界所確定。"
return description, nil, nil
end
local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName()
local topright = linkbox(lang, setwiki, setwikt, setsister, entryname)
local description = "本分類為'''" .. nameWithLanguage .. "'''的主分類。"
local location_links = {}
local saw_embedded_comma = false
for _, location in ipairs(locations) do
if location == "the world" then
insert(location_links, "世界各地")
elseif location ~= "UNKNOWN" then
if location:find(",") or location:find(",") then
saw_embedded_comma = true
end
insert(location_links, link_location(location))
end
end
local location_desc
if #location_links > 0 then
local location_link_text
if saw_embedded_comma and #location_links >= 3 then
location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, ";", ";及")
else
location_link_text = mw.text.listToText(location_links, "、", "和")
end
if extinct then
location_desc = ("這是一種曾使用於%s的[[絕跡語言]]。\n\n"):format(location_link_text)
else
location_desc = ("該語言使用於%s。\n\n"):format(location_link_text)
end
elseif extinct then
location_desc = "這是一種[[絕跡語言]]。\n\n"
else
location_desc = ""
end
local add = location_desc .. "與" .. canonicalName .. "有關的信息:\n\n" .. infobox(lang)
if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then
add = add .. "\n\n" ..
canonicalName .. "是一種重構語言。其詞語和詞根不見於任何書面作品中,是通過比較分析得出的結果," ..
"即在非巧合和借詞的情況下對比不同語言的共同點,並從中推斷出該種重構語言形。\n\n" ..
"根據本站的[[Wiktionary:收錄標準|收錄標準]]," .. canonicalName ..
"的詞條'''不應'''出現在主詞條空間中,只能以Reconstruction: 名字空間的形式出現。"
elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then
add = add .. "\n\n" ..
canonicalName .. "是一種使用不夠廣泛的人工語言。" ..
"根據本站的[[Wiktionary:收錄標準|收錄標準]]," .. canonicalName ..
"的詞條'''不應'''出現在主詞條空間中,只能以Appendix: (附錄)名字空間的形式出現。" ..
"本語言的所有詞條可在[[Appendix:" .. canonicalName .. "]]中找到。"
end
local entry_guidelines_page = "Wiktionary:關於" .. canonicalName
local entry_guidelines = new_title(entry_guidelines_page)
if entry_guidelines.exists then
add = add .. "\n\n" ..
"請參見'''[[" .. entry_guidelines_page .. "]]'''以獲取" .. nameWithLanguage .. "的有關信息,以及該種語言詞條創建的規範。"
end
local ok, tree_of_descendants = pcall(
require("Module:family tree").print_children,
lang:getCode(), {
protolanguage_under_family = true,
must_have_descendants = true
})
if ok then
if tree_of_descendants then
add = add .. NavFrame_for_family_tree(
tree_of_descendants,
"系譜圖")
else
add = add .. "\n\n" .. ucfirst(lang:getCanonicalName())
.. "在維基詞典的資料模組中沒有派生語彙或變體。"
end
else
mw.log("error while generating tree: " .. tostring(tree_of_descendants))
end
return description, topright, add
end
local function get_parents(lang, locations, extinct)
local canonicalName = lang:getCanonicalName()
local sortkey = {sort_base = canonicalName, lang = "zh"}
local ret = {{name = "所有語言", sort = sortkey}}
local fam = lang:getFamily()
local famCode = fam and fam:getCode()
-- FIXME: Some of the following categories should be added to this module.
if not fam then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:未分類語言", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "qfa-dis" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:歸屬爭議語言", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "qfa-iso" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:孤立語言", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "qfa-mix" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:混合語言", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "qfa-unc" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:無法分類語言", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "sgn" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:所有手語", sort = sortkey})
elseif famCode == "crp" then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:克里奧爾語或皮欽語", sort = sortkey})
for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do
-- Avoid Haitian Creole being categorised in [[:Category:Haitian Creole-based creole or pidgin languages]], as one of its ancestors is an etymology-only variety of it.
-- Use that ancestor's ancestors instead.
if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then
for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do
insert(ret, {name = "Category:基於" .. anc_extra:getFullName() .. "而成的克里奧爾語或皮欽語", sort = sortkey})
end
else
insert(ret, {name = "Category:基於" .. anc:getFullName() .. "而成的克里奧爾語或皮欽語", sort = sortkey})
end
end
elseif famCode == "art" then
if lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:只存於附錄的人工語言", sort = sortkey})
else
insert(ret, {name = "Category:人工語言", sort = sortkey})
end
for _, anc in ipairs(lang:getAncestors()) do
if anc:getFullCode() == lang:getCode() then
for _, anc_extra in ipairs(anc:getAncestors()) do
insert(ret, {name = "Category:基於" .. anc_extra:getFullName() .. "而成的人工語言", sort = sortkey})
end
else
insert(ret, {name = "Category:基於" .. anc:getFullName() .. "而成的人工語言", sort = sortkey})
end
end
else
insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. fam:getCategoryName(), sort = sortkey})
if lang:hasType("reconstructed") then
insert(ret, {
name = "Category:重構語言",
sort = {sort_base = canonicalName:gsub("^Proto%-", ""):gsub("^原始", ""), lang = "zh"}
})
end
end
local function add_sc_cat(sc)
insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. sc:getCategoryName() .. "語言", sort = sortkey})
end
local function add_Hrkt()
add_sc_cat(Hrkt)
add_sc_cat(Hira)
add_sc_cat(Kana)
end
for _, sc in ipairs(lang:getScripts()) do
if sc:getCode() == "Hrkt" then
add_Hrkt()
else
add_sc_cat(sc)
if sc:getCode() == "Jpan" then
add_sc_cat(Hani)
add_Hrkt()
elseif sc:getCode() == "Kore" then
add_sc_cat(Hang)
add_sc_cat(Hani)
end
end
end
if lang:hasTranslit() then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:使用自動轉寫的語言", sort = sortkey})
end
local function insert_location_language_cat(location)
local cat = location .. "語言"
insert(ret, {name = "Category:" .. cat, sort = sortkey})
local auto_cat_args = scrape_category_for_auto_cat_args(cat)
local location_parent = auto_cat_args and auto_cat_args.parent
if location_parent then
local split_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(location_parent)
for _, parent in ipairs(split_parents) do
parent = parent:match("^(.-):.*$") or parent
insert_location_language_cat(parent)
end
end
end
local saw_location = false
for _, location in ipairs(locations) do
if location ~= "UNKNOWN" then
saw_location = true
insert_location_language_cat(location)
end
end
if extinct then
insert(ret, {name = "Category:所有絕跡語言", sort = sortkey})
end
if not saw_location and not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then
-- Constructed and reconstructed languages don't need a location specified and often won't have one,
-- so don't put them in this maintenance category.
insert(ret, {name = "Category:沒有分入地區分類的語言", sort = sortkey})
end
return ret
end
local function get_children()
local ret = {}
-- FIXME: We should work on the children mechanism so it isn't necessary to manually specify these.
for _, label in ipairs({"附錄", "詞條維護", "詞元", "名字", "短語", "韻部", "符號", "模板", "詞源", "依應用分類的詞"}) do
insert(ret, {name = label, is_label = true})
end
insert(ret, {name = "派生自{{{langname}}}的詞", is_label = true, lang = false})
insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}} 主題", sort = "all topics"})
insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}}變體"})
insert(ret, {name = "{{{langname}}}相關請求"})
insert(ret, {name = "Rhymes:{{{langname}}}", description = "Lists of {{{langname}}} words by their rhymes."})
insert(ret, {name = "User {{{langcode}}}", description = "Wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in {{{langdisp}}}."})
return ret
end
-- Handle language categories of the form e.g. [[:Category:French language]] and
-- [[:Category:British Sign Language]].
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local category = data.category
local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(category)
if not lang then
return nil
end
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, {
[1] = {list = true},
["setwiki"] = true,
["setwikt"] = true,
["setsister"] = true,
["entryname"] = true,
["extinct"] = {type = "boolean"},
})
-- If called from inside, don't require any arguments, as they can't be known
-- in general and aren't needed just to generate the first parent (used for
-- breadcrumbs).
if #args[1] == 0 and not data.called_from_inside then
-- At least one location must be specified unless the language is constructed (e.g. Esperanto) or reconstructed (e.g. Proto-Indo-European).
local fam = lang:getFamily()
if not (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or (fam and fam:getCode() == "art")) then
error("At least one location (param 1=) must be specified for language '" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "' (code '" .. lang:getCode() .. "'). " ..
"Use the value UNKNOWN if the language's location is truly unknown.")
end
end
local description, topright, additional = "", "", ""
-- If called from inside the category tree system, it's called when generating
-- parents or children, and we don't need to generate the description or additional
-- text (which is very expensive in terms of memory because it calls [[Module:family tree]],
-- which calls [[Module:languages/data/all]]).
if not data.called_from_inside then
description, topright, additional = get_description_topright_additional(
lang, args[1], args.extinct, args.setwiki, args.setwikt, args.setsister, args.entryname
)
end
return {
canonical_name = lang:getCategoryName(),
description = description,
lang = lang:getCode(),
topright = topright,
additional = additional,
breadcrumb = lang:getCanonicalName(),
parents = get_parents(lang, args[1], args.extinct),
extra_children = get_children(lang),
umbrella = false,
can_be_empty = true,
}, true
end)
-- Handle categories such as [[:Category:印度尼西亞語言]].
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local location = data.category:match("^(.*)語言$")
if location and not m_languages.getByCanonicalName(data.category) then
local args = require("Module:parameters").process(data.args, {
["flagfile"] = true,
["commonscat"] = true,
["wp"] = true,
["basename"] = true,
["parent"] = true,
["locationcat"] = true,
["locationlink"] = true,
})
local topright
local basename = args.basename or location:gsub(",.*", ""):gsub(", .*", "")
if args.flagfile ~= "-" then
local flagfile_arg = args.flagfile or ("Flag of %s.svg"):format(basename)
local files = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(flagfile_arg)
local topright_parts = {}
for _, file in ipairs(files) do
local flagfile = "File:" .. file
local flagfile_page = new_title(flagfile)
if flagfile_page and flagfile_page.file.exists then
insert(topright_parts, ("[[%s|right|100px|border]]"):format(flagfile))
elseif args.flagfile then
error(("Explicit flagfile '%s' doesn't exist"):format(flagfile))
end
end
topright = concat(topright_parts)
end
if args.wp then
local wp = require("Module:yesno")(args.wp, "+")
if wp == "+" or wp == true then
wp = data.category
end
if wp then
local wp_topright = ("{{wikipedia|%s}}"):format(wp)
if topright then
topright = topright .. wp_topright
else
topright = wp_topright
end
end
end
if args.commonscat then
local commonscat = require("Module:yesno")(args.commonscat, "+")
if commonscat == "+" or commonscat == true then
commonscat = data.category
end
if commonscat then
local commons_topright = ("{{commonscat|%s}}"):format(commonscat)
if topright then
topright = topright .. commons_topright
else
topright = commons_topright
end
end
end
local bare_location = location:match("^the (.*)$") or location
local location_link = args.locationlink or link_location(location)
local bare_basename = basename:match("^the (.*)$") or basename
local parents = {}
if args.parent then
local explicit_parents = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.parent)
for i, parent in ipairs(explicit_parents) do
local actual_parent, sort_key = parent:match("^(.-):(.*)$")
if actual_parent then
parent = actual_parent
sort_key = sort_key:gsub("%+", bare_location)
else
sort_key = " " .. bare_location
end
insert(parents, {name = parent .. "語言", sort = sort_key})
end
else
insert(parents, {name = "各國家與地區語言", sort = {sort_base = bare_location, lang = "zh"}})
end
if args.locationcat then
local explicit_location_cats = require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(args.locationcat)
for i, locationcat in ipairs(explicit_location_cats) do
insert(parents, {name = "Category:" .. locationcat, sort = " 語言"})
end
else
local location_cat = ("Category:%s"):format(bare_location)
local location_page = new_title(location_cat)
if location_page and location_page.exists then
insert(parents, {name = location_cat, sort = "語言"})
end
end
local description = ("%s的語言分類(包含變體)。"):format(location_link)
return {
topright = topright,
description = description,
parents = parents,
breadcrumb = bare_basename,
additional = "{{{umbrella_msg}}}",
}, true
end
end)
-- Handle categories such as [[:Category:基於英語而成的克里奧爾語或皮欽語]].
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local langname = data.category:match("^基於(.*)而成的克里奧爾語或皮欽語$")
if langname then
local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname)
if lang then
return {
lang = lang:getCode(),
description = "從" .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. "發展而來的[[克里奧爾語]]或[[皮欽語]]。",
parents = {{name = "克里奧爾語或皮欽語", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "zh"}}},
breadcrumb = "基於" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "而成",
}
end
end
end)
-- Handle categories such as [[:Category:基於英語而成的人工語言]].
insert(raw_handlers, function(data)
local langname = data.category:match("^基於(.*)而成的人工語言$")
if langname then
local lang = m_languages.getByCanonicalName(langname)
if lang then
return {
lang = lang:getCode(),
description = "基於" .. lang:makeCategoryLink() .. "而成的[[人工語言]]。",
parents = {{name = "人工語言", sort = {sort_base = "*" .. langname, lang = "zh"}}},
breadcrumb = "基於" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. "而成",
}
end
end
end)
return {
RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories,
RAW_HANDLERS = raw_handlers
}
05pq7gzo2bp83zys20kulg0bgvkr0np
Reconstruction:原始印歐語/(s)ker-
118
1624839
9935000
9181317
2026-09-30T16:12:21Z
TongcyBot
83009
nolb= → nolang=
9935000
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
===詞根1===
{{ine-root}}
# [[切斷]]
====詞源====
可能源自{{m|ine-pro|*sek-||切}}。
====引申====
* {{l|ine-pro|*kerp-|*ker-p-}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)ker-t-}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|ine-pro||*(s)kert-sneh₂}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|*kertsnā|t=份;餐}}
**** {{desc|la|cēna}} {{see desc}}
**** {{desc|osc|kersnu}}
**** {{desc|xum|śesna}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥t-ó-m}} {{qual|或 < *(s)kr̥-tó-m}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|*skortom}}
**** {{desc|la|scortum}}, ? {{l|la|scrōtum}}, ? {{l|la|scrautum}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|ine-pro||*(s)kort-ek-s|unc=1}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
**** {{desc|la|cortex}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥t-tó-s}}
*** {{desc|iir-pro|*kr̥tˢtás}}
**** {{desc|inc-pro|*kr̥ttás}}
***** {{desc|sa|कृत्त|tr=kṛttá|t=切,切斷,分開的,縮短的}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)ker-b-}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|ine-pro||*(s)kór-b-os}}
*** {{desc|gem-pro|*skarpaz|t=尖的}} {{see desc}}
** 未分類:
*** {{desc|gem-pro|*skrapōną|der=1}}, {{l|gem-pro|*skrepaną}} {{see desc}}
**** {{desc|en|scrap}}, {{l|en|scrape}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|*skrobeis|der=1}}
**** {{desc|la|scrobis}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro||der=1}}
**** {{desc|sla-pro|*xorbrъ}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(s)kreybʰ-|*(s)k(e)r-ey-bʰ-}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr-ew-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|la|scrūta}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr-ew-p-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|la|scrūpus}}
====派生詞====
{{rootsee|id=cut}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*sker-}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skeraną}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ker-ye-}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*keřřō}}
*** {{desc|grc|κείρω}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kor-éh₂}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skarō|t=分開,部分}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kor-os}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skaraz}}
*** {{desc|ang|scear}}
**** {{desc|en|share}}
*** {{desc|goh|skar}}
**** {{desc|de|Schar}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*čárma}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kor-mós}}
** {{desc|grk-pro||*kormós}}
*** {{desctree|grc|κορμός}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(s)kér[[-tis|-ti-s]] ~ *(s)kr̥-téy-s}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skurdiz|t=切開}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥-tós}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skurtaz}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kortos}}
*** {{desc|la|curtus}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*skēr-is}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skēriz}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kor-yo-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*korjom}}
*** {{desc|la|corium}} {{see desc}}
* 未分類:
** {{desc|sq|shqerr}}, {{l|sq|çjerr}}, {{l|sq|çars}}, {{l|sq|harr}}, {{l|sq|thërras}}
** {{desc|hyx-pro|-}}
*** {{desc|xcl|քերեմ}}, {{l|xcl|քերծեմ}}, {{l|xcl|քերթեմ}}, {{l|xcl|քորեմ}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*skarati}}
*** {{desc|sga|scaraid}}
**** {{desc|ga|scar}}
**** {{desc|gd|sgar}}
*** {{desc|cy|ysgar}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skirmiz}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skurtijǭ}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skurō|t=裂口,切口}}
*** {{desc|non|skor}}
**** {{desc|da|skår}}
**** {{desc|is|skora}}
**** {{desc|nb|skår}}
**** {{desc|sv|skåra}}
**** {{desc|ang|scoru|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|enm|score}}
****** {{desc|en|score}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*skuriz}}
*** {{desc|odt|*skuri}}
**** {{desc|dum|schore}}, {{l|dum|schuere}}
***** {{desc|nl|scheur}}
** {{desctree|itc-pro|*karō}}
** {{desc|lt|skìrti}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*kora}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*skora}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*krъtъ}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sa|कर्तति|t=切}}
** {{desc|sa|कृणत्ति|tr=kṛṇátti|t=切}}
** {{desc|sa|कृन्तते|tr=kṛntáte|t=切}}
** {{desc|sa|कर्त|tr=kartá|t=切開;分開;差別;洞,穴}}
** {{desc|sa|कृति|tr=kṛtí|t=小刀,匕首}}
** {{desc|sh|škare}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=III|page=938}}
===詞根2===
{{ine-root}}
# [[轉]],[[彎曲]]
====派生詞====
{{rootsee|id=turn}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥-tós}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|}}
*** {{desc|grc|κυρτός}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥-wós}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*korwos}}
*** {{desc|la|curvus}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥-kr̥-||pos=重複}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*karkros}}, {{l|itc-pro|*kankros}}
*** {{desc|la|carcer}}, {{l|la|cancer}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)ker-k-||pos=可能重複自 *ke-ker- 或 *ki-ker-}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|}}
*** {{desc|grc|κίρκος}}, {{m|grc|κρίκος}} {{see desc}}
**** {{desc|la|circus|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*kъrkъ}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kr̥-tiH-neh₂}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*korteinā}}
*** {{desc|la|cortīna}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)ker-ew-}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|}}
*** {{desc|grc|κορωνός}}, {{l|grc|κορώνη}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kor-os}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*koros}}
*** {{desc|sga|cor}}
**** {{desctree|sga|fo·ceird|·cuirethar|der=1}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kre-i-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*skreiniom}}
*** {{desc|la|scrīnium}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kre-i-s-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|la|crīnis}}, {{l|la|crista}}, {{l|la|crispus}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kre-u-k-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kruks}}
*** {{desc|la|crux}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*(s)kre-n-gʰ-}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*hringaz}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*krǫgъ}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sa|कृणत्ति}}
** {{desc|sa|क्रुञ्चति}}
** {{desc|sa|क्रौञ्च}}
====參見====
* {{l|ine-pro|*(s)kel-}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(s)kelH-}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=III|page=935}}
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==原始突厥語==
===詞源===
可能借自{{bor|trk-pro|ira-nei}}<ref>{{R:sq:SAEW|90}}</ref><ref name="Dybo" />,源自{{der|trk-pro|ira-pro|*arpacyaH|*Hr̥pā́š|t=大麥}};或可能源自{{bor|trk-pro|ine-toc|-}}<ref>{{R:trk:Clauson|?F arpa|page=198b}}</ref>,源自{{der|trk-pro|ine-pro|*h₂élbʰit}}。又可能源自{{m|trk-pro|*ar-|t=加倍,繁殖;眾多}},參見{{cog|otk|tr=arka|t=人群,眾多}}。<ref>{{R:tyv:Tatarincev}}</ref>可能也與{{cog|xgn-pro|*arbaï||大麥}}有關;對比{{cog|mn|арвай}}、{{cog|sce|apa}}。<ref>{{R:tr:Tokat 2014}}</ref><ref>{{R:Nugteren 2011}}</ref>
===名詞===
{{head|trk-pro|名詞}}<ref>{{R:SIGTYA|vol=IV|head=*arpa|pages=460-461}}</ref><ref name="Dybo">{{R:trk:Dybo:2014|9}}</ref>
# [[大麥]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 葛邏祿語支:
** {{desc|chg|ارپا|tr=arpa}}
** {{desc|ug|اپا}}, {{l|ug|ئارپا}}
** {{desc|uz|-}}
**: {{desc|uz|арпа|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|uz|arpa|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|klj|tr=arpa}}
* 欽察語支:
** 欽察-保加爾語支:
*** {{desc|ba|арпа}}
*** {{desc|tt|-}}
***: {{desc|tt|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|tt|arpa|sclang=1}}
** 欽察-庫曼語支:
*** {{desc|kdr|-}}
***: {{desc|kdr|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kdr|arpa|sclang=1}}
*** 庫梅克-卡拉恰伊語支:
**** {{desc|krc|арпа}}
**** {{desc|kum|арпа}}
*** {{desc|crh|-}}
***: {{desc|crh|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|crh|arpa|sclang=1}}
** 欽察-諾蓋語支:
*** {{desc|kaa|-}}
***: {{desc|kaa|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kaa|arpa|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|kk|-}}
***: {{desc|kk|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kk|arpa|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|nog|арпа}}
** 吉爾吉斯-欽察語支:
*** {{desc|ky|арпа}}
*** {{desc|alt|арба}}
* 烏古爾語支:
** {{desc|cv|урпа}}
* {{desc|trk-ogz-pro|-}}
** 東烏古斯語支:
*** {{desc|slr|arfa}}
*** {{desc|tk|arpa}}
** 西烏古斯語支:
*** {{desc|az|-}}
***: {{desc|az|арпа|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|az|arpa|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|gag|arpa}}
*** {{desc|tr|arpa}}
* 西伯利亞突厥語:
** {{desc|cjs|арба}}
** {{desc|oui|tr=arpa}}
* {{desc|hu|árpa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mnc|ᠠᡵᡶᠠ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|xgn-pro|*arbaï|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mn|арвай}}
** {{desc|tyv|арбай|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
====參見====
{{Template:table:foods/trk-pro}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{cite-book|2014|Hyllested, Adam|Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact|url=https://static-curis.ku.dk/portal/files/136022384/Ph.d._2015_Adam_Hyllested.pdf|location=Copenhagen|publisher=University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities|pages=32-33}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
qug1mvbjexhcmcgriwdfiyuwy84ex0i
Reconstruction:原始印歐語/h₂éḱmō
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==原始印欧语==
===词源===
{{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-}}
源自{{suffix|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-|*mō}}。
===名词===
{{ine-noun|m}}
# {{topics|ine-pro|地質學}} [[石]]
====曲折变化====
{{ine-decl-noun-mf|ac=amphikinetic|h₂éḱmon|h₂ḱmn̥|loc_sg=h₂ḱmén}}
====其他重构形式====
* {{alter|ine-pro|alt=*h₄éḱmō}}<ref name="TOitPIEatPIEw">{{R:TOitPIEatPIEw|head=''*h₄éḱmōn''|page=98, 121}}</ref>
====衍生词汇====
* {{desc|ine-pro||*h₂eḱm-o-ro-s|unc=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*hamaraz}} {{qual|可能源自变化后的{{m|ine-pro||*ḱeh₂moros}}}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*Haćmarás}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*Haśmarás}}
**** {{cog|sa|अश्मर|tr=aśmará|t=石头的}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*ákmō}}、{{l|ine-bsl-pro|*kā́ˀmō}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|grk-pro}}
** {{desc|grc|ἄκμων|gloss=铁砧,杵}}
* {{desc|iir-pro|*Háćmā}} {{see desc}}
<!-- Latin 'acumen' is not a descendant, it derives from the verb acuo, which in turn is from acus, but it is cognate. -->
===参考===
{{reflist}}
cs8u5tvxlbmeewvz979xg8ygf8r7h1b
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==原始印欧语==
===词根===
{{ine-root}}
# [[尖]]
====衍生词汇====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-éh₁-ye-ti}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*akēō}}
*** {{desc|la|aceō}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂ḱ-éh₂}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*akā́}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἀκή}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂óḱets|*h₂óḱ-et-s}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂(e)ḱ-i-}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*akís}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἀκίς}}
** 意大利语族:
*** {{desc|la|aciēs}}、{{l|la|acia}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-i-l-o-}}<ref name="NIL"/><ref>{{R:gem:EDPG|*ahila- ~ *agila-|5}}</ref>或{{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-l-}}<ref>{{R:xcl:Martirosyan|aseɫn|pages=115–117}}</ref>
** 亚美尼亚语支:
*** {{desc|xcl|ասեղն}}
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*aśilos}}或{{l|ine-bsl-pro|*aśelos}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*osьla|*osьla̋}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*osьla|page=381}}</ref>或{{l|sla-pro|*osla|*osla̋}}<ref>{{cite-book|last=Snoj|first=Marko|year=2003|title=Slovenski etimološki slovar|location=Ljubljana|publisher=Modrijan}}</ref>
**** 东斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|ru|осело́к}}
**** 南斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|cu|осла|gloss=磨刀石}}
**** 西斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|sk|osla|gloss=磨刀石}}
***** {{desc|sl|ósla}}
***** {{desc|pl|osełka|gloss=磨刀石}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*agilaz|t=awn}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|gmw-pro|*agil}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂ḱ-méh₂}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*akmā́}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἀκμή}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂éḱmō|*h₂éḱ-mō ~ *h₂ḱ-m̥n-és|gloss=石头}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂óḱris|*h₂óḱ-ri-s|gloss=尖角,凸起}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂ḱrós|*h₂ḱ-ró-s|gloss=尖的}}
*{{l|ine-pro|*h₂eḱru|gloss=泪水}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂éḱ-os ~ *h₂éḱ-es-os|pos=s-stem}}<ref name="NIL"/>
** {{desc|itc-pro|*akos}}
*** {{desc|la|acus|t=糠|id=bran}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*ahaz}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*ákos}}
*** {{desc|grc||-ήκης}}
**** {{desc|grc|τανυήκης|t=有长或薄角的|der=1}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*āke}}
*** {{desc|xto|āk}}
*** {{desc|txb|āke}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-(o)n-eh₂}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*ahanō|*ahanō ~ *aganō|t=谷刺,芒}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|la|agna|id=ear|t=谷物叶片}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-stí-}}<ref>{{R:ine:Mallory:2006|165|*hₐek̂stí-}}</ref><ref name="EDPC">{{R:cel:EDPC|head=*axto-, *axtīno-|pages=50–51}}</ref>
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*akstis}}<ref>{{R:bsl:EDBIL|head=akstis|page=48}}</ref> or {{l|ine-bsl-pro|*aśtis}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*ȏstь|page=380}}</ref>
*** 东波罗的语族:
**** {{desc|lv|aksts|t=刺痛,尖端}}
**** {{desc|lt|akstìs|t=叉子,刺}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*ȏstь|t=尖端,尖刺;谷刺,芒;鱼刺}}
**** 东斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|ru|ость}}
**** 西斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|cs|osť}} {{qual|方言}}
***** {{desc|pl|ość}}
***** {{desc|sk|osť}}
**** 南斯拉夫语支:
***** {{desc|sh|ȍsti|pos=复数}}、{{l|sh|ȍstve|pos=复数}}
***** {{desc|sl|ǫ̂st}}
*** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*akstinas|der=1}}<ref>{{R:bsl:EDBIL|head=akstinas|page=48}}</ref>或{{l|ine-bsl-pro|*aśtinas}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*ostь̀nъ|page=380}}</ref>(“尖端,刺;赶牛用的尖棒”)
**** 东波罗的语支:
***** {{desc|lv|akstins}}
***** {{desc|lt|ãkstinas}}
**** {{desc|sla-pro|*ostь̀nъ}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*axtīnos|*akstīno-|t=荆豆属植物|der=1}}<ref name="EDPC"/><ref>{{R:cy:GPC|head=eithin}}</ref><ref name="DTB"/>
*** {{desc|sga|aitten}}
*** {{desc|cel-pro|*axtīnā|*akstīnā|pos=集合名词|der=1}}<ref name="EDPC"/>
**** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|}}
***** {{desc|obt|ethin}}
***** {{desc|oco|eythin}}
****** {{desc|kw|eythin}}
***** {{desc|cy|eithin}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|txb|āśce}} {{qual|可能}}<ref name="DTB">{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=āśce|page=61}}</ref>
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-stu-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*akstus}}
*** {{desc|la|astus}}
**** {{desc|la|astūtus|der=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂eḱ-u-}}<ref name="NIL">{{R:ine:NIL|''*h₂ek̂-''|287–300}}</ref>
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*ašus}}
*** {{desc|lv|ass|t=尖的}}、{{l|lv|ašs|t=迅速的}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*akus}}
*** {{desc|la|acus}} {{see desc}}
**** {{desc|la|acuō|der=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|}}
*** {{desc|txb|akwam}}
*** {{desc|txb|akwatse}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂oḱ-yéh₂}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*agjō}} {{see desc}}
* 合成词:
** {{l|ine-pro|*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti|*h₂ḱ-h₂ows-yé-ti|gloss=角尖|pos=动词}}
* 未排序形式:
** {{desc|sq|ath}}、{{l|sq|eh}}、{{l|sq|thua}}
** 亚美尼亚语族:
*** {{desc|xcl|հասկ}} {{qual|可能}}
*** {{desc|hy|ոսի}} {{qual|可能}}
** 希腊语族:
*** {{desc|grc|ὀξύς}}
**** {{desc|el|οξύς}}
** 伊朗语支:
*** {{desc|ae|𐬀𐬯𐬏𐬭𐬀|t=尖}}
*** {{desc|kho||tr=aśäjä|t=尖的,石头的}}
*** {{desc|xpr|-|ts=bōδāžār|t=刺鼻的气味}}
***: {{desc|xpr||tr=bwdʾcʾr|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|fa-cls|بوزار|tr=bōzār|t=辣调味料|bor=1}} {{qual|仅用于胡椒,肉桂皮等}}
*** {{desc|fa|آچار|tr=āčār|t=腌泡汁}}
*** {{desc|ps|اښار|tr=āẍār|t=酸的;泡菜}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls|آژیخ|tr=āžīx}} {{qual|可能自*āsikah}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls|آژدف|tr=āždaf|t=欧楂果}}、{{l|fa|ازدف|tr=azdaf}}
===参见===
* {{l|ine-pro|*keh₃-}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂enk-}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂eng-}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂enǵʰ-}}
===参考===
{{reflist}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sla-pro|*nozdřa}}
===詞源===
源自{{m|sla-pro|*nȍzdrь}}<ref name="Zaliznyak:2014">{{R:orv:Zaliznyak:2014||passage=ноздрь, ноздря}}</ref>,可能來自{{m|sla-pro|*nȍsъ|t=鼻}} + {{m|sla-pro|*dьràti|t=切開,撕開,剝開}}<ref>{{R:bsl:Nikolaev:2014}}</ref>。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*nozdrà}}<ref name="Zaliznyak:2014">{{R:orv:Zaliznyak:2014||passage=ноздрь, ноздря}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|357|*nozdŗa, *nozdra}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|解剖學}} [[鼻孔]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|nozdrà|stem=a|ap=c}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|наздра́}}
** {{desc|ru|ноздря́}}
** {{desc|uk|ні́здря}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|ноздри|g=p}}
** {{desc|bg|но́здра}}, {{l|bg|но́здря}}
** {{desc|mk|но́здра}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|но̏здрва|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|nȍzdrva|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|nọ̑zdra}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|nozdra}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|nozdrza}}
*** {{desc|pl|nozdrze}}
** {{desc|sk|nozdra}}
====拓展閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|ноздря}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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nod off
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==英語==
===發音===
* {{audio|en|En-au-nod off.ogg|音頻 (澳式)}}
===動詞===
{{en-verb|*}}
# {{lb|en|idiomatic}} [[睡著]]:特別指無意識地睡著,[[打盹]]/[[打瞌睡]]
#* '''1857''', [[w:威廉·梅克比斯·薩克萊|William Makepeace Thackeray]], ''The Virginians'', ch. 53,
#*: The old lady '''nodded off''' to sleep many times during the narration, only waking up when George paused, saying it was most interesting.
#* '''1914''', [[w:羅伯特·佛洛斯特|Robert Frost]], "The Death of the Hired Man," lines 41-44,
#*: I dragged him to the house,
#*: And gave him tea and tried to make him smoke.
#*: I tried to make him talk about his travels.
#*: Nothing would do: he just kept '''nodding off'''.
#* '''2008''', Ingfei Chen, "[http://health.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-narcolepsy-ess.html?pagewanted=print A Leap Forward, but Hurdles Remain in Narcolepsy] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}," ''New York Times'', 15 Feb. (retrieved 16 July 2008),
#*: All patients struggle against daytime drowsiness and '''nod off''' at inopportune moments.
[[Category:英語動詞短語]]
[[Category:英語 睡眠]]
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{{also|talpă|Talpa}}
==英語==
===詞源===
源自{{bor|en|la|talpa||鼴鼠}}。{{doublet|en|taupe}}。
===名詞===
{{en-noun|talpae}}
# {{lb|en|醫學|棄用}} 頭部[[囊腫]]
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aalpt|Plata|lapta}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
{{affix|hu|talp|-a|pos2=所有格後綴|nocat=y}}
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyph|hu|tal|pa}}
===名詞===
{{head|hu|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|hu|talp||3|s|spos|poss}}
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|talpá|o|n=sg|esm_sg=1}}
==意大利語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|it|la|talpa|t=鼴鼠}}。{{doublet|it|topo}}。
===發音===
* {{it-IPA|tàlpa}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# [[鼴鼠]]
# 鼴鼠皮
# [[挖掘機]]
===名詞===
{{it-noun|m|-}}
# 鼴鼠皮色
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aalpt|palta}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
詞源{{unknown|la|nocap=1}}。Lewis和 Short 認為與{{m|la|scalpō}}詞根相同。但本詞經常被解作派生自{{der|la|ine-pro|*telh₂-|t=地}}。可能源自{{bor|la|gem}}中意為“爪”的詞,參見{{cog|ro|talpă|t=腳掌}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|talpa<1>}}
# [[鼴鼠]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|talpa<1>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|la|talpīnus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|topu}}
* {{desc|ca|talp}}
* {{desc|co|topu}}
* {{desc|eo|talpo}}
* {{desc|fro|taupe}}
** {{desc|fr|taupe}}
*** {{desc|en|taupe|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nrf|taupe}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|gl|toupa}}, {{l|gl|tiopa}}
* {{desc|it|talpa}}, {{l|it|topo}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|طاوْبّة|tr=taupa|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|תאופּה|tr=taupa|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|oc|talpa}}
* {{desc|pt|toupeira}}
* {{desc|es|talpa}}, {{l|es|topo}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:itc:EDL|talpa|605}}
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
[[Category:拉丁語 哺乳動物]]
==奧克語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|oc|la|talpa|t=鼴鼠}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|oc|/ˈtalpo/}}
* {{audio|oc|LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-talpa.wav|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{oc-noun|m}}
# [[鼴鼠]]
[[Category:奧克語 哺乳動物]]
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
可能源自{{bor|sh|ro|talpă|t=板,踏板}}。
===名詞===
{{sh-noun|tȃlpa|f}}
# {{lb|sh|方言}} [[木板]]
#: {{syn|sh|dàska}}
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|talpa|talpe
|talpe|[[tȃlpā]] / [[tȃlpī]]
|talpi|talpama
|talpu|talpe
|talpo|talpe
|talpi|talpama
|talpom|talpama
}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|sla-pro|got|𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃}},借自{{der|sla-pro|la|asellus}}、{{m|la|asinus}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*osь̀lъ}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|381|*osь̀lъ}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|osьlъ|''b'' (SA 172; PR 134)}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|哺乳動物}} [[驢]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|osь̀lъ|ap=b}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьlìca}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|осьлъ}}
*** {{desc|be|асёл}}
*** {{desctree|ru|осёл}}
*** {{desc|rue|осел}}
*** {{desc|uk|осе́л}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|осьлъ}}
** {{desc|bg|осел}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|о̏сао}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ȍsao}}
** {{desc|sl|ósəł}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|osel}}
** {{desc|csb|òseł}}, {{l|csb|osoł}}
** {{desc|pl|osioł}}, {{l|pl|osieł}}
** {{desc|sk|osol}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|wósoł}}
*** {{desc|hsb|wosoł}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/osьlъ]]
[[ja:付録:スラヴ祖語/osьlъ]]
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==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|la|prātus}}
===詞源===
源自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*preh₂-||彎曲}}。與{{m|la|prāvus}}同源。參見{{m|la|campus}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|prātum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|prātum<2>}}
# [[草地]],[[牧場]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|prātum<2>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|la|prātēnsis}}
* {{l|la|prātulum}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|prau}}
* {{desc|ca|prat}}, {{desc|ca|prada|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|co|pratu}}
* {{desc|ext|plau}}
* {{desc|fr|pré}}
* {{desc|fur|prât}}
* {{desc|gl|prado}}
* {{desc|it|prato}}
* {{desc|lld|pra}}
* {{desc|nrf|praï}} {{qualifier|根西}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|oc|prat}}
* {{desc|pt|prado}}
* {{desc|ro|prat}}
* {{desc|rm|prà}}, {{l|rm|prau}}, {{l|rm|pro}}
* {{desc|sc|padru}}, {{l|sc|pardu}}, {{l|sc|pradu}}, {{l|sc|pratu}}
* {{desc|scn|prau}}, {{l|scn|pratu}}
* {{desc|es|prado}}
* {{desc|vec|pra}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ine:IEW|vol=III|page=843}}
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
[[Image:Candle flame (1).jpg|thumb]]
===詞源===
来自{{suffix|sla-pro|*světъ|t1=光|*ja}}。对比{{cog|sa|श्वेत्य||白的}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*svě̄ťà}}
# [[蠟燭]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|svě̄ťà|ap=b}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|свѣча}}
*** {{desc|be|свяча́}}(过时)、{{l|be|све́чка}}
*** {{desc|ru|свеча́}}、{{l|ru|све́чка}}
*** {{desc|uk|свіча́}}(过时)、{{l|uk|сві́чка}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|свѣща}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱄⰲⱑⱋⰰ}}
** {{desc|bg|свещ}}、{{l|bg|свяш}}(方言)
** {{desc|mk|све́ќа}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|све́ћа|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|свије́ћа}}
**: 拉丁语:{{l|sh|svéća}}、{{l|sh|svijéća}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|svẹ́ča}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|sviecě}}
*** {{desc|cs|svíce}}
** {{desc|csb|swiéca}}
** {{desc|pox|svećă}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|świéca}}
*** {{desc|pl|świeca}}
** {{desc|sk|svieca}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|swěca}}
*** {{desc|dsb|swěca}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|475}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|свеча}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|свеча|page=146|vol=2}}
{{topics|sla-pro|光源}}
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salarium
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{{also|salárium}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|salārius|t=鹽的}}的名詞化。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|salārium|eccl=1}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|salārium<2>}}
# [[薪水]](原指士兵買鹽的錢)
# [[餐]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|salārium<2>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|salari}}
* {{desc|nl|salaris}}
* {{desc|en|salary}}
* {{desc|fr|salaire}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|it|salario}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|شَّلايْرْ|tr=šalair|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|שׁאלאיִר|tr=šalair|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pt|salário}}
* {{desc|ro|salariu}}
* {{desc|es|salario}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S|salarius}}
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توتون
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{{also|تؤتون|تؤبون}}
==察合臺語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|chg|trk-pro|*tüt(e)-||冒煙}}。
===名詞===
{{head|chg|名詞}}
# [[煙]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|uz|tutun}}
* {{desc|ug|تۈتۈن}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite-book|author=M. Pavet de Courteille|chapter=ت|title=Dictionnaire Turk-Oriental|location=Paris|publisher=L'Imprimerie Impériale|1870|page=250|}}.
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
[[File:A Turkish official in robe and turban holding a long-stemmed Wellcome V0019256.jpg|thumb|right|{{l|ota||توتون باشی|tr=tutun başı}}]]
===詞源===
源自動詞{{m|ota|توتمك|tr=tütmek||冒煙}},源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*tüt(e)-||冒煙}}。<ref>{{R:tut-pro:SDM|*tüt-ün, *tüt-süg|url=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fturcet&text_number=+108&root=config}}</ref>
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|ota|توتن|tr=tutun, tütün}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=tutun, tütün}}
# [[煙草]](用煙斗吸,不同於用水煙袋吸的{{l|ota|تنباكو|tr=tenbakü, tumbaki, tumbeki, tömbeki, tönbeki}})
# [[煙]]
====近義詞====
* {{sense|煙草|煙}} {{l|ota|دخان|tr=duhan}}
* {{sense|煙}} {{l|ota|دومان|tr=duman}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|tütün}}
* {{desc|gag|tütün}}
* {{desc|ady|тутын|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|թութուն|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|тютюн|bor=1}}
* {{desc|syc|ܬܬܘܢ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ckb|توتن|bor=1}}
* {{desc|acm|تتن|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|თუთუნი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kbd|тутын|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|توتون|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|тютюн|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|тутун|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|tytoń|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|tutun|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ту̀тӯн|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|tùtūn|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==波斯語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|fa|تتن|tr1=toton|توتن|tr2=toton}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|fa|trk|-}}。參見上方{{der|fa|ota|توتون|tr=tütün}}章節。
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|توتون|توتون|тутун}}
{{fa-noun|tr=tutun}}
# [[煙草]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|fa|تنباکو|tr=tambâko}}
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cremo
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{{also|cremó|cremò}}
==加泰罗尼亚语==
===动词===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|cremar}}
==意大利语==
===发音===
* {{it-IPA|crèmo}}
* {{rhymes|it|ɛmo}}
===动词===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|cremare||1|s|pres|ind}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|it|a=cemor|crome|merco}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*ker-||烧}}。与{{cog|la|carbō||木炭}}、{{cog|en|hearth}}同源。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|cremō}}
===动词===
{{la-verb|1+|cremō}}
# [[焚烧]],[[烧毁]]
# [[献上]][[燔祭品]]
====变位====
{{la-conj|1+|cremō}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|la
|concremō
|cremātiō
|cremātor
|cremitō
|cremium
|dēcremō
|recremō
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|an|cremar}}
* {{desc|it|cremare}}
* 古莱昂语:
** {{desc|ast|quemar}}、{{l|ast|queimar}}
** {{desc|roa-leo|queimare}}
** {{desc|mwl|queimar}}
* {{desc|pro|cramar}}、{{l|pro|cremar}}
** {{desc|ca|cremar}}
** {{desc|fr|cramer|bor=1}}、{{l|fr|crémer}}
** {{desc|oc|cremar}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|queimar}}
** {{desc|gl|queimar}}; {{desc|gl|cremar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|pt|queimar}}; {{desc|pt|cremar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|pov|kema}}
*** {{desc|kea|kema}}
*** {{desc|pap|kima}}
* {{desc|osp|quemar}}
** {{desc|lad|kemar}}
** {{desc|es|quemar}}; {{desc|es|cremar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|cremate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|kremieren|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
==葡萄牙语==
===动词===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb-form-of|cremar}}
==罗马尼亚语==
===发音===
* {{IPA|ro|[ˈkremo]}}
===名词===
{{head|ro|名詞變格形|g=f}}
# {{noun form of|ro|cremă||voc|s}}
==西班牙语==
===动词===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|cremar}}
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==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|hu|de|Turm}},源自{{der|hu|gmh|turn}},通過{{der|hu|fro|torn}},源自{{der|hu|la|turris}}。<ref>{{R:Zaicz 2006}}</ref><ref>{{R:TotfalusiNagyEty 2001}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|to|rony}}
* {{rhymes|hu|oɲ}}
===名詞===
{{hu-noun|pl=tornyok}}
# [[塔]]
# {{lb|hu|國際象棋|罕用}} {{synonym of|hu|bástya||[[象]]}}
====變格====
情態樣格也可作{{m|hu|tornyul}}。
{{hu-infl-nom|tornyo|o|stem2=torony|spe_sg_stem=torny|esm_sg=y}}{{hu-pos-otok|torny||ai}}
====派生詞====
{{der4|hu
|tornyonként
|tornyos
|tornyosodik
|tornyostul
|tornyosul
|tornyoz
|tornyú
}}
{{der4|hu|title=複合詞
|elefántcsonttorony
|harangtorony
|kilátótorony
|templomtorony
|toronydaru
|toronyiránt
|toronymagas
|toronyóra
|toronyőr
|toronyszoba
|toronytető
|toronyugrás
|toronyugró
|ugrótorony
|vártorony
|világítótorony
|víztorony
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|то́рањ}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|tóranj}}
===參見===
{{table:chess pieces/hu}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:ErtSz}}
{{topics|hu|建築學}}
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Φαραώ
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==古希臘語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|grc|Φαραών}}
* {{alter|grc|Φαραώθης}}
* {{alter|grc|φαραώ||另一大小写形式}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|grc|id=法老|:bor|hbo:פַּרְעֹה<id:法老>}}
源自{{bor|grc|hbo|פַּרְעֹה|tr=parʿōh}},源自{{der|grc|egy|pr ꜥꜣ|t=宫殿,法老|lit={{m|egy|pr|t=房子}} + {{m|egy|ꜥꜣ|t=大的}}}}
===发音===
{{grc-IPA|period=koi2}}
===专有名词===
{{grc-proper noun|g=m}}
# [[法老]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|grc|Φαραωνίζομαι}}
* {{l|grc|Φαραώνιος}}
* {{l|grc|Φαραωνίτης}}
* {{l|grc|Φαραωνιτικός}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|el|φαραώ}}
* {{desc|zh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|cmn|法老|tr=fǎlǎo}}
* {{desc|cop|ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ|bor=on}}
* {{desc|gez|ፈርዖን|bor=on}}
* {{desc|got|𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉|bor=on}}、{{l|got|𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉𐌽𐌹|pos=与格}}
* {{desc|la|Pharaō|bor=on}} {{see desc}}
* {{desctree|xcl|Փարաւոն|bor=on}}
* {{desc|cu|фараѡнъ|фараѡ́нъ|bor=on}}、{{l|cu|фараонъ}}、{{l|cu|фараосъ}}
** {{desc|bg|фарао́н}}
** 教会斯拉夫语:{{l|cu|фарао}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|фара̀о̄н|g=m|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|faràōn|g=m|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|orv|фараонъ|bor=on}}、{{l|orv|фарао}}、{{l|orv|ѳараонъ}}
** {{desc|be|фарао́н}}
** {{desc|ru|фарао́н}}
** {{desc|uk|фарао́н}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:grc:Pape|Φαραώ|vol=II|page=1601a}}
* {{R:grc:Lampe|Φαραώ|page=1472b}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
* {{R:Strong's}}
{{c|grc|古埃及|國家元首|執法|君主制|稱謂}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/telę
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
来自{{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*tel-}}。与{{cog|lv|teļš}}、{{m|lv|telēns}}、{{cog|lt|telias}}同源。等价于词干{{suffix|sla-pro||alt1=*tel-|*ę}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*telę̀}}
# [[小牛]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|telę̀|stem=nt|ap=b}}
====派生語彙====
{{topa}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|цяля́}}
** {{desc|ru|теля́}}{{方}}
** {{desc|rue|теля́}}
** {{desc|uk|теля́}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|теле́}}
** {{desc|mk|теле}}
** {{desc|cu|телѧ}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|тѐле|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|tèle|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|téle}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|tele}}
** {{desc|pl|cielę}}
** {{desc|pox|tilą}}
** {{desc|szl|cielã}}
** {{desc|sk|teľa}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|śele}}
*** {{desc|hsb|ćelo}}
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varius
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{{also|Varius}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{head|ca|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|ca|variu}}
==世界語==
===發音===
{{eo-pron}}
* {{audio|eo|LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-varius.wav|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{eo-form of|vari|us}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
最可能與{{m|la|vārus||向外彎曲的}}有關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|varius}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|varius}}
# [[多種]]的,[[不同]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|varius}}
====派生詞====
{{der4|la|variegō|varietās|variō|variola}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ca|ver}}, {{desc|ca|vari|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|various|bor=1}}, {{l|en|varia lectio}}
* {{desctree|fro|vair}}
* {{desc|it|vaio}}, {{l|it|vario}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|veiro}}
** {{desc|gl|veiro}}
** {{desc|pt|veiro}}, {{desc|pt|vário|bor=1|nolang=1}}, {{l|pt|vários}}
* {{desc|es|vero}}, {{desc|es|vario|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ro|vare}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
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toxicum
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|grc|τοξικόν||塗在箭矢的毒}},源自{{m|grc|τοξικός||弓的}},源自{{m|grc|τόξον||弓}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|toxicum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|toxicum<2>}}
# 塗在[[箭頭]]的毒
# [[毒]]
#: {{syn|la|venēnum}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|toxicum<2>}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|toxicō}}, {{l|la|intoxicō}}
* {{l|la|toxicus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|rup|toapsec}}
* {{desc|ca|túixec}}, {{desc|ca|tòxic|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|de|Toxikum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|toxic|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|tuessin}}
* {{desc|it|tossico}}, {{l|it|tosco}}
* {{desc|oc|toissic}}, {{l|oc|tueissec}}
* {{desc|pms|tòssi}}
* {{desc|pt|tóxico|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|toapsec}}
* {{desc|ro|toxic|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rm|tissi}}, {{l|rm|tössi}}
* {{desc|sc|toscu}}
* {{desc|es|tóxico|bor=1}}, {{l|es|tósigo}}
* {{desc|vec|tosego}}, {{l|vec|tòsego}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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verrou
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==法語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|fr|fro|veroil}},源自{{inh|fr|la-vul|*verruculum}},源自{{inh|fr|la|vericulum}},{{m|la|verū}}的指小詞。
===發音===
* {{IPA|fr|/ve.ʁu/|/vɛ.ʁu/}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-verrou.wav|Audio}}
* {{rhymes|fr|u}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[門閂]],[[插銷]]
#: {{quote-book|fr|author=w:大仲马|title=Les Mille et Un Fantômes|trans-title=一千零一個幽靈|year=1849|passage=Deux autres portes s’ouvraient sur ma chambre ; mais d’énormes '''verrous''', placés à ces portes, et qui se tiraient de mon côté, suffisaient pour me rassurer.|t=另外兩扇門通向我的房間;但這兩扇門上裝著粗大的'''門閂''',可以從我這一側拉上,足以讓我安心。}}
# [[槍栓]]
# {{lb|fr|計算機}} 互斥锁
====派生詞====
* {{l|fr|verrouiller}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|ouvrer}}, {{l|fr|rouvre}}
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tarda
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{{also|tardá|tardà}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===詞源1===
源自{{der|ca|la|[[hora]] [[tarda]]}}。
====名詞====
{{ca-noun|f}}
# [[正午]]和[[日落]]之間,或[[午餐]]和[[晚餐]]之間的時間,大致相對於[[下午]]和[[傍晚]]早些時候。
#: {{syn|ca|vesprada}}
====派生詞====
{{col3|ca
|bona tarda
|bones tardes
}}
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|ca|tard}}
=====參見=====
* {{l|ca|vespre}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|tardar}}
[[Category:加泰羅尼亞語 時間]]
==世界語==
===詞源===
借自{{bor|eo|io|tarda}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|eo|/ˈtarda/}}
* {{rhymes|eo|arda}}
===形容詞===
{{eo-head}}
# {{lb|eo|詩歌}} [[晚]]的,[[遲]]的
#: {{syn|eo|malfrua}}
[[Category:世界語 時間]]
==法語==
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
===動詞===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|tarder||3|s|phis}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|fr|a=aadrt|trada}}
==伊多語==
===詞源===
{{io-bor||tard||tardo||tardo|nodot=1}},源自{{der|io|la|tardus}}。
===發音===
{{io-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{io-adj}}
# [[晚]]的,[[遲]]的
====派生詞====
* {{l|io|tardeskar|t=落後,遲}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
* {{it-IPA|tàrda}}
* {{rhymes|it|arda}}
===形容詞===
{{head|it|形容詞變格形}}
# {{adj form of|it|tardo||f|s}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|tardare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}
==卡拜爾語==
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=f|pl=tardiwin}}
# {{verbal noun of|kab|irid}}:[[洗]]
#: {{syn|kab|assired}}
# [[經期]]
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ann=1}}
* {{la-IPA|tardā|ann=1}}
===形容詞1===
{{la-adj-form|tarda}}
# {{inflection of|la|tardus||nom//voc|f|s|;|nom//acc//voc|n|p}}
===形容詞2===
{{la-adj-form|tardā}}
# {{inflection of|la|tardus||abl|f|s}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
==葡萄牙語==
===形容詞===
{{head|pt|形容詞變格形}}
# {{adj form of|pt|tardo||f|s}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb-form-of|tardar}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===形容詞===
{{head|es|形容詞變格形}}
# {{adj form of|es|tardo||f|s}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|tardar}}
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vicinus
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|la|vīcus|t1=城鎮,街道|īnus|t2=屬於……的}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes|vīcīnus}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|vīcīnus|comp=vīcīnior|adv=vīcīnē}}
# {{lb|la|主要用於|_|詩歌}} [[臨近]]的,[[附近]]的
# [[相似]]的,[[類似]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|vīcīnus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|vīcīnus<2>}}
# [[鄰居]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|vīcīnus<2>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|la|vīcīna}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnālis}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnē}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnia}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnitās}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnor}}
* {{l|la|vīcīnum}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|co|vicinu}}
* {{desc|dlm|vičain}}
* 東羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|vitsin|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ro|vecin}}
* {{desc|ist|viseîn|alts=1}}
* {{desc|it|vicino}}
* {{desc|lij|vixìn|alts=1}}
* {{desctree|fro|voisin}}
* {{desc|roa-ole|-}}
** {{desc|ast|vecín}}
* {{desc|pro|-}}
** {{desc|ca|veí}}
** {{desc|oc|vesin}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|vizinno}}, {{l|roa-opt|vezinno}}
** {{desc|gl|veciño}}
** {{desctree|pt|vizinho}}
* {{desc|osp|-}}
** {{desc|lad|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|lad|ב׳יזינו}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|lad|vizino|alts=1}}
** {{desc|es|vecino}}
* 萊托-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fur|vicin}}
** {{desc|rm|vischin}}
* {{desc|sc|bichinu}}, {{l|sc|vichinu}}, {{l|sc|bighinu}}, {{l|sc|vighinu}}, {{l|sc|bicinu}}, {{l|sc|bixinu}}
* {{desc|scn|vicinu}}
* {{desc|vec|vissin}}, {{l|vec|vizin}}, {{l|vec|vesin}}
* {{desc|sq|fqinj|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
====參見====
* {{l|la|vīcīna}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|人}}
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===替代形式===
* {{alter|ota|آفرین|tr1=aferin}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|ota|fa|آفرین|tr=afarin|sc=fa-Arab}}。
===感嘆詞===
{{head|ota|感嘆詞|tr=aferim}}
# {{lb|ota|口語}} [[做得好]]!太棒了!
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|aferin}}
* {{desc|ar|عَفَارِم|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|aferim}}
* {{desc|bg|bor=1|а́ферим}}
* {{desc|mk|bor=1|аферим}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|aferim}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|афѐрим}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|afèrim}}
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شريعة
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==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|شريعة إسلامية|lang=ar}}
===詞源===
源自詞根 {{ar-root|ش ر ع}}。對照{{cog|gez|ሥርዐት}}、{{cog|xsa|𐩦𐩧𐩲}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|شَرِيعَة}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-شريعة.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|شَرِيعَة|f|pl=شَرَائِع}}
# {{lb|ar|棄用}} [[道路]]
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|45|18}}
#*: {{quote|ar|ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكَ عَلَى '''شَرِيعَةٍ''' مِّنَ ٱلْأَمْرِ فَٱتَّبِعْهَا وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ}}
# {{lb|ar|伊斯蘭}} [[伊斯蘭]][[律法]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|شَرِيعَة|pl=شَرَائِع}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|ba|шәриғәт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|ŝario|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|шерѝјат}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|šerìjat}}
* {{desc|tr|şeriat|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Lane|page=1535}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|شرع|page=544}}
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तडित्
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{{also|तड़ित}}
==梵語==
===替代文字===
{{sa-alt}}
===替代形式===
* {{l|sa|तलित्}}
===詞源===
{{root|sa|sa|तड्}}
源自詞根{{m|sa|तड्||擊打}}。
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=taḍít|g=f}}
# [[閃電]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|ترَٛٹھ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|त्रठ|sclang=1}}
* 普拉克里特諸語言: {{m|pra-sau|𑀢𑀟𑀺𑀆}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語: {{qual|古典借詞}}
*: {{desc|hi|तड़ित}}
*: {{desc|tr=taṛit|ur|تَڑِت}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:MW|432}}
* {{R:Apte}}
* {{R:CDIAL|taḍít}}
3hh5gwo3bhbzod87eoj0yp5e8gvni0j
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{{also|Ianuarius}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自神祇名{{m|la|Iānus||杰納斯}},與{{cog|ett|𐌀𐌍𐌉𐌀𐌗}}有關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|iānuārius|eccl=yes}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|iānuārius}}
# [[一月]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|iānuārius}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|frp|janviér}}
* 高盧-意大利語支
** {{desc|egl|znêr}}
** {{desc|lij|zenâ}}
** {{desc|lmo|zenèr}}
** {{desc|pms|gené}}
* 意大利-達爾馬提亞語支
** {{desc|co|ghjennaghju|alts=1}}
** {{desc|it|gennaio}}
** {{desc|nap|jennaro}}, {{l|nap|iennaro}}, {{l|nap|gennàio}}
**: {{desc|roa-tar|scennare}}
** {{desc|scn|jinnaru|alts=1}}
* {{desctree|fro|janvier}}
* {{desc|pro}}
** {{desc|ca|gener}}
** {{desc|oc|genièr}}
* 萊托-羅曼語支
** {{desc|fur|Genâr|alts=1}}
** {{desc|lld|jené}}
** {{desc|rm|schaner|alts=1}}
* {{desc|sc|gennàrgiu}}, {{l|sc|gennaxu}}, {{l|sc|bennarzu}}
* {{desctree|vec|xenaro}}
* 西伊比利亞語支
** {{desc|ext|eneru}}, {{l|ext|heneru}}
** {{desc|mxi|يَنّايْرْ|}}
** {{desc|roa-ona}}
*** {{desc|an|chinero}}
** {{desc|roa-ole|jenero}}, {{l|roa-ole|jeneyro}}
*** {{desc|ast|xineru}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|xineiru}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|janeyro}}
** {{desctree|osp|janero}}
{{bottom}}
; 借詞
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ab|ажьырныҳәа}}
* {{desc|bor=1|af|Januarie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|janar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|am|ጃንዩዌሪ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|grc|Ἰανουάριος}}
** {{desc|gkm|Ιανουάριος}}
*** {{desc|el|Ιανουάριος}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ro|ianuarie}} {{qual|也受斯拉夫語族的影響}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|xcl|յունուար}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|يناير|tr=yanāyir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|br|Genver}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|януари}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gkm|Γεννάριος}}
** {{desctree|el|Γενάρης}}
** {{desc|bor=1|orv|генуарь}}, {{l|orv|генуарии}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ru|январь}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kw|Genver|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|januari}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nds-nl|jannewaori}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ee|Yanuar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fo|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|oge|იანვარი}}
** {{desc|ka|იანვარი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kl|januaari}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|de|Januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nds-de|Januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|január}}
* {{desc|bor=1|is|janúar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|Eanáir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ksh|Jannowaa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|janvāris}}
* {{desc|bor=1|li|jannewarie}}
* {{desc|bor=1|liv|janvār}}
* {{desc|bor=1|dsb|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lb|Januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|јануари}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mt|Jannar}}
<!--* {{desc|bor=1|gv|Jerrey Gueree}}-->
* {{desc|bor=1|enm|Januarie}}, {{l|enm|januari}}
** {{desc|en|January}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sco|Januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gmh|jenner}}
** {{desc|gsw|Jänner}}
**: 阿爾薩斯: {{l|gsw|Jänner}}
**: Sense: {{l|gsw|Jenner}}, {{l|gsw|Jänner}}
**: {{desc|swg|Jenner}}
** {{desc|bar|Jenna}}, {{l|bar|Jänna}}
** {{desc|de|Jänner}}, {{l|de|Jenner}}
** {{desc|gmw-rfr|-}}
**: 加利西亞{{desc|pfl|Jänner}}
**: 洛林法蘭克尼亞語: {{l|gmw-rfr|Jänner}}
**: {{desc|pdc|Yenner}}, {{l|pdc|Yenar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|frr|janewoore}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|prg|Janwārs}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pdc|Yanuaar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pdt|Jaun'woa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rue|януар}}
* {{desc|bor=1|stq|Januoar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|јануар}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|január}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|so|janaayo}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|januari}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|гыйнвар}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hsb|januar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cy|Ionawr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|vls|januoari}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fy|jannewaris}}
{{bottom}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|iānuārius<2>}}
# [[一月]]({{m|la|[[mēnsis]] [[iānuārius]]}}的簡稱)
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|iānuārius<2>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
[[Category:拉丁語 月份]]
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cicer
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{{also|Cicer}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
為一{{unk|la|title=漫遊詞}},類似{{cog|xcl|սիսեռն|t=鷹嘴豆}}、{{cog|xmk|κίκερροι|t=鷹嘴豆}},可能也與{{cog|grc|κριός|t=一種鷹嘴豆}}有關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|cicer}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|cicer/cicer<3.N>}}
# [[鷹嘴豆]]
# {{lb|la|俚語}} [[睪丸]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|cicer/cicer<3.N>}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|la|cicercula}}
* {{l|la|Cicerō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|qiqër}}, {{l|sq|qiq}}
* {{desc|rup|tseatsiri}}
* {{desc|dlm|cič}}
* {{desc|da|kikært|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fi|kikherne|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fro|ceire}}, {{l|fro|cice}}
** {{desc|fr|pois chiche}}
*** {{desc|en|chickpea}}
* {{desc|goh|kihhira|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gmh|kicher}}
*** {{desc|de|Kicher}}, {{desc|de|Kichererbse|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|it|cece}}, {{l|it|cecio}}
* {{desc|lij|çéixou}}
* {{desc|mxi|chíchar}}
** {{desc|ca|xítxero|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gl|chícharo|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|chícharo|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|chícharo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|céser}}
* {{desc|sc|cìxiri}}
* {{desc|scn|cìciru}}
* {{desc|sv|kikärt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|cexarìna}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*cicerō|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|cigró}}, {{l|ca|ciuró}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{c|la|蔬菜}}
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[[User:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表:9個議題]]; new reply: [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#"syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字|"syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字]]
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;"
|-
! data-sort-type="number" style="font-weight: normal;" | <small>#</small> !! 💭 話題 !! <span title="發言數/發言人次 (實際上為計算簽名數)">💬</span> !! <span title="參與討論人數/發言人數">👥</span> !! 🙋 最新發言 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="最後更新">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 1
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Subscribe_to_the_This_Month_in_Education_newsletter_-_learn_from_others_and_share_your_stories|Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Do_you_use_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_sibling_projects?_Tell_us_about_your_experiences|Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 3
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Lua错误|Lua错误]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-26T17:30:00.000Z" | 2026-08-27 <span style="color: blue;">01:30</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 4
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年8月對話時間|台灣分會2026年8月對話時間]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-28T11:03:00.000Z" | 2026-08-28 <span style="color: blue;">19:03</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 5
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Template:reflist|Template:reflist]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-29T06:50:00.000Z" | 2026-08-29 <span style="color: blue;">14:50</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 6
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年9月對話時間|台灣分會2026年9月對話時間]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]]
| style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T04:39:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">12:39</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 7
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#伺服器切換_-_本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式|伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]
| style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T12:58:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">20:58</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 8
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Your_feedback_wanted:_Remove_(Language_link_added:)_and_similar_edits_from_Special:RecentChanges|Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">Danny Benjafield (WMDE)</small>]]
| data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-25T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-25 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 9
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#"syn",_"ant"_模板不顯示簡體字|"syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 3
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #efe;" | [[User:Public class|Public class]]
| style="background-color: #efe;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-30T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-30 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span>
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}"
! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例
|-
| style="background-color: #efe;" |
* 最近一小時內
|-
| style="background-color: #eef;" |
* 最近一日內
|-
| |
* 一週內
|-
| style="background-color: #ddd;" |
* 一個月內
|-
| style="background-color: #bbb;" |
* 逾一個月
|-
! 特殊狀態
|-
| style="text-decoration: line-through" | 已移動至其他頁面<br />或完成討論之議題
|-
! 手動設定
|-
| style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>當列表出現異常時,<br />請先檢查[[User:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|設定]]是否有誤</small>
|-
|}
{{Clear}}
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{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;"
|-
! data-sort-type="number" style="font-weight: normal;" | <small>#</small> !! 💭 話題 !! <span title="發言數/發言人次 (實際上為計算簽名數)">💬</span> !! <span title="參與討論人數/發言人數">👥</span> !! 🙋 最新發言 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="最後更新">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 1
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Subscribe_to_the_This_Month_in_Education_newsletter_-_learn_from_others_and_share_your_stories|Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Do_you_use_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_sibling_projects?_Tell_us_about_your_experiences|Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
| style="background-color: #ffd;" |
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 3
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Lua错误|Lua错误]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="text-align: right;" | 2
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-26T17:30:00.000Z" | 2026-08-27 <span style="color: blue;">01:30</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 4
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年8月對話時間|台灣分會2026年8月對話時間]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-28T11:03:00.000Z" | 2026-08-28 <span style="color: blue;">19:03</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 5
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Template:reflist|Template:reflist]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:TongcyDai|TongcyDai]]
| style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-08-29T06:50:00.000Z" | 2026-08-29 <span style="color: blue;">14:50</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 6
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年9月對話時間|台灣分會2026年9月對話時間]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]]
| style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T04:39:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">12:39</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 7
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#伺服器切換_-_本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式|伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式]]
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]
| style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T12:58:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">20:58</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 8
| style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Your_feedback_wanted:_Remove_(Language_link_added:)_and_similar_edits_from_Special:RecentChanges|Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges]]</small>
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">Danny Benjafield (WMDE)</small>]]
| data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-25T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-25 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span>
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 9
| [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#"syn",_"ant"_模板不顯示簡體字|"syn", "ant" 模板不顯示簡體字]]
| style="text-align: right;" | 3
| style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1
| style="background-color: #eef;" | [[User:Public class|Public class]]
| style="background-color: #eef;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-30T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-30 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span>
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}"
! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例
|-
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* 最近一小時內
|-
| style="background-color: #eef;" |
* 最近一日內
|-
| |
* 一週內
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* 一個月內
|-
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* 逾一個月
|-
! 特殊狀態
|-
| style="text-decoration: line-through" | 已移動至其他頁面<br />或完成討論之議題
|-
! 手動設定
|-
| style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>當列表出現異常時,<br />請先檢查[[User:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|設定]]是否有誤</small>
|-
|}
{{Clear}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/jama
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
若與{{cog|grc|ἄμη|t=鏟,水桶}}有關,則可能源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro||*yā̆m-|t=挖}} 或 {{m|ine-pro|*sem-|t=一起}}(對比{{cog|ru|аам}})。<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|502}}</ref>
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*jàma|f}}
# [[洞]],[[坑]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|jàma|stem=a|ap=a}}
====派生語彙====
{{topa}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|ꙗма}}, {{l|orv|ама}}
*** {{desc|be|я́ма}}
*** {{desc|ru|я́ма}}, {{l|ru|няма}} {{i|方言}}
*** {{desc|zle-ouk|яма}}
**** {{desc|uk|я́ма}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ꙗма}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⱑⰿⰰ}}
** {{desc|bg|я́ма}}
** 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ја̏ма}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|jȁma}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sh|Novi}}: {{l|sh|jȁma}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sh|Vrgada}}: {{l|sh|jȁma}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sh|Orbanići}}: {{l|sh|jȁma}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|jáma}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|jáma}}
** {{desc|pox|jomo}}
** {{desc|pl|jama}}
** {{desc|sk|jama}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|jаmа}}
*** {{desc|hsb|jаmа}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
====Further reading====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|я́ма}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|28|*àma|f. ā (a) ‘pit, hole’}}
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Reconstruction:原始印歐語/bʰerǵʰ-
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{{also|Reconstruction:原始印歐語/bʰergʰ-}}
{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
{{etymon|pos=root|ine-pro|id=起}}
===词根===
{{ine-root|pf}}<ref name="IEW">{{R:ine:IEW|head=bhereg̑h-|pages=140-141}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|head=*bʰerg̑ʰ-|pages=78-79}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIN|head=*bʰerg̑ʰ-|pages=30-34}}</ref>
# [[升]]
# [[高]]
# [[山]],[[丘]],[[岭]]
====衍生词汇====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-e-ti|pos=thematic root present}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*pärkatäre|t=升起}}<ref name="Adams">{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=pärk-|page=399}}</ref>
*** {{desc|xto|pärkatäre}}
*** {{desc|txb|pärkatäre}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-t ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-ént|pos=root aorist}}<ref name="Adams"/><ref name="Kloekhorst">{{R:hit:Kloekhorst:2008|head=parkii̯e/a-ᶻⁱ|pages=736-737}}</ref>
** {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
*** {{desc|hit|𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒|tr=pár-ak-ta-ru|ts=parktaru|pos=3sg.imp.med.}}
** {{desc|hyx-pro|-}}
*** {{desc|xcl|եբարձ}}、{{l|xcl|բարձաւ}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro}}
*** {{desc|xto|pärk}}
*** {{desc|txb|parka}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰebʰórǵʰe ~ *bʰebʰr̥ǵʰḗr|pos=perfect}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰabʰárȷ́ʰa}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*babʰárźʰa}}
**** {{desc|sa|बबृहाण|tr=babṛhāṇá|t=提升,升起}} [< {{m|ine-pro||*bʰebʰr̥ǵʰ-m̥h₁n-ós|pos=med.part.}}]
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti|pos=yé-present}}<ref name="Kloekhorst"/>
** {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
*** {{desc|hit|𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣|tr=pár-ki-ya-az-zi|ts=parkiyazi|t=升高}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti|pos=causative}}<ref name="Cheung">{{R:ira:Cheung:2007|head=*barz|pages=12-13}}</ref>
** {{desc|cel-pro|*borgīti}}
*** {{desc|cel-bry-pro}}
**** {{desc|wlm|bwrw}}
*** {{desc|sga|dí·bairg}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰarȷ́ʰáyati}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*barźʰáyati}}
**** {{desc|sa|बर्हयति|tr=barháyati|t=使...振作}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*barjáyati}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬎𐬯𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬥𐬌|pos=caus.pres.subj.}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰr̥-né-ǵʰ-ti ~ *bʰr̥-n-ǵʰ-énti|pos=innovative nasal-present}}
** {{desc|hyx-pro|-}}
*** {{desc|xcl|բառնամ}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰr̥nȷ́ʰáti}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*bʰr̥nźʰáti}}
**** {{desc|sa|बृंहति|tr=bṛṃháti}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*bʰérǵʰonts|*bʰérǵʰ-ont-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n̥t-és}}<ref name="Kroonen2013_2" /> {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰr̥ǵʰ-éh₂}}<ref name="Kroonen2013_2" />
** {{desc|cel-pro|*brigā}}<ref>{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*brigo/ā|pages=77-78}}</ref> {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-mén-s}}<ref name="Cheung"/>
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰma}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*bŕ̥źʰma}}
**** {{desc|sa|ब्रह्मन्|tr=bráhman}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*bŕ̥jman}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨|pos=gen.pl.}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n-és}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰr̥ȷ́ʰnás}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*br̥jnáh}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀|pos=inst.m.sg.}}
**** {{desc|peo|𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠|ts=baršnā|pos=inst.m.sg.}}
***** {{desc|pal|-}}
*****: {{desc|pal|𐫁𐫢𐫗|ts=bašn|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pal|tr=bšn|ts=bašn|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-o-s}}<ref name="IEW" /><ref name="Kroonen2013_2" />
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|-}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*bergъ}} {{qual|*g无法解释|可能借自某腭语言}}<ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=*bȇrgъ|page=37}}</ref> {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*bergaz}}<ref name="Kroonen2013_2">{{R:gem:EDPG|head=*burg-|page=85}}</ref> {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-és|pos=s-stem}}<ref name="Kroonen2013_1" /><ref name="Matasovic2009" />
** {{desc|cel-pro|*brixs}}<ref name="Matasovic2009">{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*brig-|page=77}}</ref> {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*burgz}}<ref name="Kroonen2013_1">{{R:gem:EDPG|head=*burg-|page=85}}</ref> {{see desc}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰr̥ȷ́ʰás}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*br̥jáh}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬆𐬨|pos=acc.sg.}}、{{l|ae|𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋|pos=gen.sg.}}
**** {{desc|lrc|برگ|tr=berg|t=山,岭}}
**** {{desc|os|барз|tr=barz}}
***** {{desc|ce|барз|tr=bārz|bor=1}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téy-s}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*forktis}}<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|head=fortis|page=236}}</ref>
*** {{desc|itc-ola|forctis}}
**** {{desc|la|fortis}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-tu ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téw-s|pos=?}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*brixtus|*brixtu-|t=咒语}}<ref>{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*brixtu-}}</ref>
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰérǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éws}}<ref name="Kloekhorst"/><ref name="IEW" /><ref name="Kroonen2013_2" />
** {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
*** {{desc|hit|𒈦𒆪𒍑||tr=pár-ku-uš|ts=parkuš}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰr̥ǵʰu-r-}}
** {{desc|hyx-pro|*barju}}<ref>{{R:xcl:Martirosyan|head=*barj-u|page=171}}</ref>
*** {{desc|xcl|բարձր}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*bʰr̥ǵʰu-ró-s}}<ref name="Adams2013" />
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*pärkäre}}<ref name="Adams2013">{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=pärkäre*|page=399}}</ref>
*** {{desc|xto|pärkär}}
*** {{desc|txb|pärkare}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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γράμμα
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==古希臘語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|grc|γράθμα||Doric}}
===詞源===
{{root|grc|ine-pro|*gerbʰ-}}
源自{{suffix|grc|γράφω|t1=寫|μα|pos2=結果名詞後綴}}。
對於重量單位這一義項的來源,有兩種說法:
* 源自拉丁語{{m|la|scrūpulus}}、{{m|la|scrūpulum}}, {{m|la|scrīpulum}},派生自{{m|la|scrīptum}}、{{m|la|scrīptulum}}、{{m|la|scrīptlum}}。類似{{m|la|scrīptulum}}(源自{{m|la|scrībō||寫}}),該詞在古希臘語中翻譯作 γράμμα(源自{{m|grc|γράφω||寫}})。<ref>{{R:grc:Bailly}}</ref><ref>https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/gramme</ref>
* 借自{{bor|grc|sem|-}},原本用於稱量小個水果的核,參見{{cog|jpa|גרוֹם|tr=grūm|t=核,仁}}、{{cog|syc|ܓܪܽܘܡܳܐ|tr=grūmā|t=骨;核,仁}}、{{cog|ar|جَرَام|t=棗核}},與{{m|arc|גַּרְמָא}} / {{m|syc|ܓܰܪܡܳܐ|tr=garmā|t=骨;核,仁}}有關。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA|γρά̆μμᾰ}}
===名詞===
{{grc-noun|γράμματος|n|third}}
# [[寫]]下、[[畫]]下的東西
# [[字母]]
# {{lb|grc|複數}} [[字母表]]
# [[書籍]]
# {{c|grc|計量單位}} [[重量]]單位,相當於 1/24 [[盎司]]
====變格====
{{grc-decl|form=N-full|γράμμᾰ|γράμμᾰτος}}
====派生詞====
{{der3|grc|γραμματείδιον|γρᾰμμᾰτῐκός|γραμματιστής}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|gërmë}}<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|head=gërmoj|page=115}}</ref>
** {{desc|unc=1|sq|gërmoj}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|гра́мата}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|грамота́}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|gramota}}
* {{desc|el|γράμμα}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|gramota}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|гра́мота}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|гра̀мата|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|gràmata|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|gramota}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|гра́мота}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CAL|grwm|N}}
* {{R:CAL|grm|N}}
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=147}}
* {{R:grc:LSJ}}
* {{R:grc:Middle Liddell}}
* {{R:grc:Bailly}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
* {{R:DGE}}
* {{R:Strong's|G|1121}}
* {{R:LBG}}
* {{R:grc:Woodhouse}}
{{reflist}}
==希臘語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|el|grc|γράμμα}}。等同於{{suffix|el|γράφω|μα|pos2=結果名詞後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|el|/ˈɣra.ma/}}
* {{hyphenation|el|γράμ|μα}}
===名詞===
{{el-noun|n|γράμματα}}
# [[字母]]
# {{lb|el|計算機}} [[字符]]
# {{qualifier|複數}} [[文學]]
#: {{ux|el|Tα '''γράμματα''' και οι τέχνες.|'''文學'''和藝術}}
# {{qualifier|複數|非正式}} [[教育]]
#: {{ux|el|Ξέρεις '''γράμματα''';|你能'''閱讀'''嗎?|lit=你認識'''字母'''嗎?}}
# [[信]]
#* {{quote|el|Στο ’πα και στο ξαναλέω<br>μη μου γράφεις '''γράμματα'''<br>γιατί '''γράμματα''' δεν ξέρω<br>και με πιάνουν κλάματα.|我跟你講過,現在我再說一遍<br>不要給我寫'''信'''<br>因為我不能'''讀(信)'''<br>每當打開信紙,淚水總會奪眶而出|source=希臘傳統歌曲}}
# {{qualifier|複數}} [[硬幣]]的[[反面]](多用於短語{{m|el|κορώνα ή γράμματα||正面或反面}})
====變格====
{{el-nN-μα-ματα-2b|γράμ|γραμ}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|字符}} {{l|el|χαρακτήρας|g=m}}
* {{sense|文學}} {{l|el|λογοτεχνία|g=f}}
* {{sense|信}} {{l|el|επιστολή|g=f}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|el|γραμματική|gloss=語法|g=f}}
* {{l|el|γραμμένος|gloss=書面的}}
* {{l|el|γραμματέας|gloss=秘書|g=m|g2=f}}
* {{l|el|κορώνα ή γράμματα|gloss=正面或反面}}
{{el-see|and=1|γραμματεία|gloss=秘書處|g=f}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|gramë}}<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|head=gërmoj|page=115}}</ref>
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{af|la|sciēns|alt1=sciēns, scientem|t1=知道;有專長|-ia|t2=抽象名詞後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-scientia.ogg|音频(古典)}}
* {{audio|la|la-ecc-scientia.ogg|音频(教會)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|scientia<1>}}
# 知識
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|scientia<1>}}
====派生语汇====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|shkencë}}
* {{desc|rup|shtiintsã}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ast|ciencia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eu|zientzia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|ciència}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eo|scienco}}
{{mid3}}
* {{desc|fur|sience}}
* {{desc|gl|chencha}}, {{desc|bor=1|gl|ciencia|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|io|cienco}}
* {{desc|it|scienza}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mt|xjenza}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lad|sensia}}
{{mid3}}
* {{desc|bor=1|oc|sciéncia}}
* {{desctree|fro|science|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|ciência}}
* {{desc|ro|știință}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sc|iscièntzia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|scn|scenzia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|ciencia}}, {{l|es|esciencia}}
* {{desc|vec|sienza}}, {{l|vec|siensa}}
{{bottom}}
===分詞===
{{la-part-form|scientia}}
# {{inflection of|la|sciēns||nom|n|p}}
# {{inflection of|la|sciēns||acc|n|p}}
# {{inflection of|la|sciēns||voc|n|p}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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local labels = {}
local raw_categories = {}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- LABELS --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
labels["模塊"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}的[[模塊]]/[[模組]],包含可重用的Lua脚本,便於建立和管理詞條。",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "模塊", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "各語言",
},
parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}},
}
labels["資料模塊"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]] containing data used by other modules.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "資料模塊", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "各語言",
},
parents = {"模塊"},
}
-- l10n: 分類名稱、說明文字中文化
labels["屈折模塊"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}}的[[屈折]][[模塊]],包含用於生成變位表和變格表的Lua程式碼。",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "屈折模塊", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "各語言",
},
parents = {"模塊", {name = "屈折表模板", sort = " "}},
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- --
-- RAW CATEGORIES --
-- --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
raw_categories["模塊"] = {
description = "This is a general holder category for modules.",
additional = "For more information on what modules are and how they work, see [[Wiktionary:Scribunto]]. For a complete list of all modules, see [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:|here]].",
parents = {"Category:維基詞典"},
}
raw_categories["未分類模塊"] = {
description = "Uncategorized modules.",
additional = "Modules are placed here by [[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-does-not-exist]]. The default documentation page, [[Template:documentation/preloadModule]], also adds this category.",
parents = { {name = "模塊", sort = " "} },
}
raw_categories["模塊單元測試"] = {
description = "模塊的單元測試。",
parents = { {name = "模塊", sort = "1測試模塊"} },
}
raw_categories["附錄模塊"] = {
description = "Modules with functions that generate content for or extract information from pages in the Appendix namespace.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["Bot support modules"] = {
description = "Modules for supporting individual bot accounts.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["分類模塊"] = {
intro = "{{also|:Category:Category templates}}",
description = "Modules for adding categories to pages or generating the description and subcategories of category pages.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["資料模塊"] = {
description = "不包含功能的模塊,僅導出其他模塊使用的資料。此類中的模塊應使用<code>mw.loadData</code>而<code>require</code>。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["Character insertion data modules"] = {
description = "Modules containing data for use by {{temp|chars}}.",
parents = { "資料模塊" },
breadcrumb = "character insertion",
}
raw_categories["Debugging modules"] = {
description = "Modules used for debugging.",
additional = "Some should only be used in sandbox modules or when using the [[mw:Extension:TemplateSandbox|{{MediaWiki:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}]] button in the edit page of modules and templates.",
parents = { "Lua metamodules", "Modules" },
}
raw_categories["定義模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that fuel templates that are used in [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition lines]] of entries.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["棄用模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that should not be used, as their functions are performed by newer modules.",
parents = { "模塊", "Category:Wiktionary maintenance" },
}
raw_categories["討論模塊"] = {
description = "Modules concerning discussion pages.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["文檔模塊"] = {
description = "Modules for generating documentation pages.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["Entry-generating modules"] = {
description = "Modules with functions that are used to generate new entries.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["詞源模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that fuel templates that define the etymology of entries.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["之形式模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that generate the definition line of non-lemma forms, e.g. verb forms and noun forms.",
parents = { "定義模塊", "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["通用模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that serve some sort of utility purpose in various entries but are used by multiple languages. Modules only used by one language should be at [[:Category:Utility modules]].",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["標題行模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that support [[:Category:Headword-line templates by language|headword-line templates]] for a specific language.",
additional = "See also [[:Category:Headword-line templates]].",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["屈折模塊"] = {
description = "用於支援特定語言的[[:Category:變格表模板|屈折模板]]的模塊。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
labels["測試用例模塊"] = {
description = "{{{langname}}} [[testcase]] [[Wiktionary:Modules|modules]], which contain Lua code for testing other modules.",
umbrella = {
parents = {{name = "Testcase modules", sort = " "}},
breadcrumb = "各語言",
},
breadcrumb = "測試用例",
parents = {"模塊"},
}
raw_categories["內鏈模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that are used in [[:Category:Internal link templates|internal link templates]].",
parents = { "通用模塊", "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["JSON-generating modules"] = {
description = "Modules with functions that generate data in JSON format.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["語言和文字模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that process language and script codes and return data on them.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["列表模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that generate lists and tables of entries.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["Lua元模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that have exported functions that are only used by other modules: that is, cannot be called using {{temp|#invoke:}}.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["維護模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that fuel templates used for maintaining entries, such as cleanup templates (e.g. {{temp|attention}}), deletion templates (e.g. {{temp|rfd}}) and verification templates (e.g. {{temp|rfv}}).",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["發音模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that fuel templates that are used to create the language-specific pronunciation of entries.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["引文和使用例模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that fuel templates that are used to format quotations and usage examples.",
parents = { "Definition modules", "Modules" },
breadcrumb = "quotation and usage example",
}
raw_categories["參考模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that are used for [[:Category:Reference templates|reference templates]].",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["沙盒模塊"] = {
description = "Test versions of modules intended for production use.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["排序鍵生成模塊"] = {
description = "用於生成排序鍵的模塊。",
additional = "排序鍵決定條目在分類中的順序。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["斯氏核心詞模塊"] = {
description = "收錄[[w:斯瓦迪士核心詞列表|斯氏核心詞]]的模塊。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["模板介面模塊"] = {
description = "Modules whose purpose is to provide an interface between templates and the functions of a module.",
additional = "They are usually named <code>.../templates</code>, and the functions present within them usually all have only a \"frame\" parameter.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["追蹤模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that add tracking templates.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["轉寫模塊"] = {
description = "Modules that automatically convert text in one script to another.",
additional = "Most of them convert non-Latin scripts to Latin (romanisation/romanization), and are used by " ..
"templates or modules to generate transliteration of text that is tagged with a particular language. Each " ..
"language's transliteration module is specified in its data table (for which, see the category {{catlink|Language data modules}}).",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["轉寫測試用例模塊"] = {
description = "Modules used to test other transliteration modules.",
parents = { "測試用例模塊", {name = "轉寫模塊", sort = "Testcase"} },
}
raw_categories["未使用模塊"] = {
description = "未使用的模塊。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["User sandbox modules"] = {
description = "Modules that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.",
additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several sandbox modules are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These modules should not be used in real Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.",
parents = { "沙盒模塊", "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["功能模塊"] = {
description = "在條目中提供某種功能的模塊。",
additional = "避免直接分類到此分類,而是使用更具體(且" ..
"語義上定義良好)的模塊分類。另請注意,如有必要,多種語言使用的模塊應直接歸入此分類" ..
",而僅一種語言使用的模塊應歸入[[:Category:特定語言的實用程式模組]]。",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["特定語言功能模塊"] = {
description = "處理某種語言所需的多個功能的模塊。",
additional = "通常它們的名稱以 {{cd|-utilities}} 或 {{cd|-common}} 結尾(前面是語言代碼)" ..
"儘管某語言所使用的、為具體功能的模塊也可能駐留在此處。" ..
"如果一個功能被多種語言使用,則應該將它移動至[[:Category:功能模塊]]中。",
parents = {{name = "功能模塊", sort = " "}},
}
raw_categories["投票模塊"] = {
description = "Modules used to manage Wiktionary votes.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
raw_categories["Wikitext parsing modules"] = {
description = "Modules that contain functions that grab the wikitext of a page and get information from it by performing string operations on it.",
parents = { "模塊" },
}
return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories}
d8qtenwd6wv0q24gymz86xra2jhshmv
inimicus
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*enamīkos}}。等价于{{prefix|la|in|id1=不,非|amīcus|t1=not|t2=朋友}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|inimīcus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|inimīcus<2>}}
# 敌人,冤家
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|inimīcus<2>}}
====派生语汇====
{{top3}}
* 巴尔干罗曼语:
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|armik|alts=1}}
* 达尔马提亚语:
** {{desc|dlm|nemaic|alts=1|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-罗曼语:
** {{desc|it|nemico|alts=1}}
** {{desc|nap|nemmìco}}
** {{desc|scn|nimicu}}, {{l|scn|nnimicu}}, {{l|scn|nemicu}}
* 萨丁尼亚语:
** {{desc|sc|anemigu}}
* 帕達尼亞语:
** {{desc|fur|nimì|alts=1}}
** {{desc|rm|inimi}}
** {{desc|vec|nemigo}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desctree|fro|enemi}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desc|ca|enemic}}
** {{desc|oc|enemic}}
* 伊比利亚-羅曼語:
** {{desc|ast|enemigu}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|ẽemigo}}
** {{desc|osp|enemigo}}
*** {{desc|es|enemigo}}
* 借词:
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|inamic|alts=1}}
{{bottom}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|inimīcus|comp=inimicior|sup=inimicissimus}}
# 不友好的,敵對的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|inimīcus}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|fr|ennemi}}
* {{desc|it|nemico}}
* {{desc|es|enemigo}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
on0whw5l1zlbh86cv1d88m01vs04bbo
paene
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*peh₁-}}
来自{{der|la|ine-pro|*peh₁-||傷害}}。見{{m|la|patior}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-paene.ogg|音頻(古典)}}
===副詞===
{{la-adv|paene|-}}
# 差不多
====派生詞語====
* {{l|la|paenīnsula}}
* {{l|la|paenultimus}}
* {{l|la|penumbra}} {{qual|新拉丁語}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|rup|pãnã}}, {{l|rup|pãn}}
* {{desc|ca|a penes|penes}}
* {{desc|fr|peine}} ({{l|fr|à peine}})
* {{desc|it|appena}}
* {{desc|mxi|-}}
*: {{desc|mxi|كُونْ بَّانَشْ|tr=Kon penas|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mxi|כוֹן פּאֵנאש|tr=Kon penas|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pt|apenas}}
* {{desc|ro|până}}
* {{desc|es|apenas}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
qrsdbizvmvkyr8e2op4cb75fabx9frm
eligo
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{affix|la|ex-|gloss1=出,从|legō|gloss2=選擇,任命}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ēligō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|3|ēligō|ēlēg|ēlēct}}
# 揀選,挑選
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|ēligō|ēlēg|ēlēct}}
====派生詞語====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|ēlēctē}}
* {{l|la|ēlēctilis}}
* {{l|la|ēlēctiō}}
* {{l|la|ēlēctus}}
* {{l|la|ēlēctor}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|la|ēlegāns}}
* {{l|la|ēligibilis}}
* {{l|la|Eligius}}
* {{l|la|praeēligō}}
{{bottom}}
====相關詞語====
{{rel-top3}}
* {{l|la|allegō}}
* {{l|la|colligō}}
* {{l|la|dīligō}}
* {{l|la|intellegō}}
{{rel-mid3}}
* {{l|la|legō}}
* {{l|la|neglegō}}
* {{l|la|perlegō}}
{{rel-mid3}}
* {{l|la|relegō}}
* {{l|la|sēligō}}
* {{l|la|sublegō}}
{{rel-bottom}}
====派生语汇====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*exligere}}
** 古{{desc|frp|esleire}}
*** {{desc|frp|êliére}}
** {{desc|fro|eslire}}
*** {{desc|fr|élire}} {{desc|fr|élite|der=1|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|esleer}}
** {{desc|osp|esleer}} {{desc|osp|esledor|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|es|esleír}} {{q|obsolete}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*exeligo#拉丁語|*exeligere|der=1}} {{see desc}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|ca|elegir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|elixir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|elect|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|eleggere|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|oc|elegir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|eleger|bor=1}}
* {{desc|scn|elìggiri|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|elegir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|elèzer|bor=1|unc=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
dcwzl9kahes1moz41kbimbx4i7qgfwa
Reconstruction:原始印歐語/ḱewh₁-
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
{{etymon|ine-pro|id=脹|pos=root}}
===词根===
{{ine-root|pf}}<ref name="IEW">{{R:ine:IEW|head=k̑eu-, k̑eu̯ə-, k̑ū-, k̑u̯ā-|pages=592-594|volume=II}}</ref><ref name="LIV">{{R:ine:LIV|head=*k̑u̯eh₁-|pages=339}}</ref>
# [[胀]]
# [[强]]
====衍生词汇====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént|pos=athematic root aorist}}<ref name="LIV" />
** {{desc|grk-pro}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἔκῡσᾰ}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*HáćwaHt}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*HáśwaHt}}
**** {{desc|sa|अश्वत्|tr=áśvat}} {{qual|可能基于{{l|sa|ह्वयते|tr=hváyati}}/{{l|sa|अह्वत्|tr=áhvat}}}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*HášwaHt}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌|pos=3sg.aor.act.inf.}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr|pos=reduplicated stative}}<ref name="LIV" />
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćaćuHā́}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*śaśuHā́}}
**** {{desc|sa|शूशुवुर्|t=胀起}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti|pos=i-reduplicated athematic root present}}
** {{l|ine-pro||*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s}}<ref>{{R:ine:EWAia|head=śíśu-|page=641|passage=*ḱi-ḱuh₁-}}</ref>
*** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćíćHuš}}
**** {{desc|inc-pro|*śíśHuṣ}}
***** {{desc|sa|शिशु|tr=śíśu|t=小孩}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-éye-ti|pos=zero-grade éye-present}}<ref name="LIV" /><ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|head=κυέω|page=797}}</ref><ref name="Kroonen" />
** {{desc|grk-pro}}
*** {{desc|grc|κῠ́ω|κυέω|怀孕}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćuHáyati}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kīje-|unc=1}} {{qual|< (Thurneysen's rule) {{l|itc-pro|*kūje-}}}}
*** {{desc|la|inciēns|t=大而年轻的}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-yé-ti|pos=yé-present}}<ref name="LIV" />
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćuHyáti}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*cuHyáti}}
**** {{desc|os|-}}
****: Digor: {{l|os|рӕсуйун}}
****: Iron: {{l|os|рӕсыйын}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁|pos=dual}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćwáHdʰaH}} or {{l|iir-pro|*ćuHādʰáH}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*cwáHdaH|t=军队}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s}}
** {{desctree|grk-pro|*kūmə|t=波浪}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*əkūmōn}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἀκύμων}}
* {{desc|ine-pro||*ḱéwh₁-neh₂|unc=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*kawanā}}
*** {{desc|sga|cúan|t=部队}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱéwh₁-os}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćáwHas}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*śáwHas}}
**** {{desc|sa|शवस्|tr=śávas|t=力量}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*cáwHah}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-nó-s}}<ref name="Kroonen" />
** {{desc|gem-pro|*hūną|t=棍子的一端|unc=1}}<ref name="Kroonen">{{R:gem:EDPG|head=*hūna(n)-|page=255}}</ref>
*** {{desc|ang|*hūn}}
**** {{desc|ang|hūnþyrel|der=1}}
*** {{desc|dum|hune}}
*** {{desc|non|húnn}}
**** {{desc|is|húnn}}
**** {{desc|fo|húnn}}
**** {{desc|no|hun}}、{{l|no|hune}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćuHnás}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*śuHnás}}
**** {{desc|sa|शुन|tr=śuná|t=繁荣的}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱewh₁-ró-s|强的}}<ref name="IEW" />
** {{desc|cel-pro|*kawaros|t=英雄}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćúHras}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-ró-s}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*kūrós}}
*** {{desc|grc|κῦρος|t=至高}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-ryós}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*kúrios|t=领主,主人}}
**** {{desc|grc|κύριος|t=领主,主人|der=1}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-yó-s}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*kuwyos|t=年幼动物}}<ref>{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*kuwyo-|page=231}}</ref>
*** {{desc|wlm|cyw}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱéwh₁-s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćúšma}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*śúṣma}}
**** {{desc|sa|शुष्म|tr=śúṣma|t=强的}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*ḱuh₁-s-ó-s}}<ref>{{R:ine:EWAia|head=śūṣá-|page=652|passage=*ḱuh₁-s-ó-}}</ref>
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ćuHsás}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*śuHsás}}
**** {{desc|sa|शूष|tr=śūṣá|t=力量}}
* 未排序构式:
**{{desc|iir-pro|*ćwamH-}}
***{{desc|sa|*śvám}}
****{{desc|sa|शम्}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
0d47ieag1boni395yukoct3e9ooeiiq
كل
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{{also|گل|کل}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
對照{{cog|akk|kalûm|𒆕𒀀𒁉|tr=kalûm}}和{{cog|he|כֹּל|tr=kōl}}。
====發音====
{{ar-IPA|كُلّ}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-كل.ogg|音檔}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|كُلّ|m}}
# [[人人]];[[每人]]
# [[每]]、[[各]] {{qualifier|後接不定名詞的屬格形}}
# [[全部]]、[[所有]] {{qualifier|後接不定名詞的屬格形}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|كُلّ|state=ind,con}}
=====衍生詞=====
* {{l|ar|كُلَّمَا|pos=連詞|t=每當}}
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|ary|كل|tr=kull}}
* {{desc|bn|কুল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|күллі|bor=1}}
* 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|lki|کوِل|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|کل|tr=kol|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
{{ar-IPA|كُلْ}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb form|+أكل<I>}}
# {{inflection of|ar|أَكَلَ||2|m|s|actv|impr}}
==埃及阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|arz|ar|كُلّ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|arz|/koll/}}
===代詞===
{{arz-pronoun|g=m|tr=koll}}
# [[全體]]
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
來自{{inh|ary|ar|كُلّ}}。
===發音===
* {{qualifier|限定詞}} {{IPA|ary|/kul.la/|/kulː/}}
* {{qualifier|代詞}} {{IPA|ary|/kulː/}}
===限定詞===
{{ary-determiner|head=كلَّ|tr=kulla|head2=كلّْ|tr2=kull}}
# [[各]]、[[每]](後接不定名詞)
#: {{ux|ary|كل مواطن عنده الحق يصوت.|tr=kulla muwāṭin ʕandu l-ḥaqq yṣawwat|t='''每個'''公民都有權利投票。}}
===代詞===
{{ary-pronoun|g=m|tr=kull}}
# [[全部]]、[[全體]](與賓語代詞連用,接在定名詞後)
#: {{ux|ary|وكلت الناس كلها فالعرس.|tr=wakkalt en-nās kullha f-el-ʕurs|t=我已經餵飽了婚禮上的'''所有'''人。}}
#: {{syn|ary|كامل|tr=kāmil|كاع|tr2=gāʕ}}
====變格====
{{ary-pron-inflection
|base={{l|ary|كل|tr=kull}}
|1s={{l|ary|كلي|tr=kulli}}
|2ms={{l|ary|كلك|tr=kullek}}
|2fs={{l|ary|كلك|tr=kullki}}
|3ms={{l|ary|كله|tr=kullu}}
|3fs={{l|ary|كلها|tr=kullha}}
|1p={{l|ary|كلنا|tr=kullna}}
|2p={{l|ary|كلكم|tr=kullkum}}
|3p={{l|ary|كلهم|tr=kullhum}}
}}
== 鄂圖曼土耳其語 ==
===詞源1===
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=kal}}
# [[白癬]]
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=gül}}
# {{alternative spelling of|ota|گل|t=玫瑰}}
===詞源3===
來自{{bor|ota|fa|کل|tr=kal}}。
====形容詞====
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=kel}}
# [[禿]]的
=====派生詞=====
* {{desc|tr|kel}}
* {{desc|bg|кел|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|ќелав|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|chel|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ће̏лав|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ćȅlav|sclang=1}}
===詞源4===
來自{{der|ota|ar|كُلّ}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=kül}}
# [[全部]],[[所有]](不可數)
# [[每]]一個(可數)
=====變格=====
* {{desc|tr|kül}}
====來源====
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=1032}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|kül2}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1559}}
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse}}
== 南黎凡特阿拉伯語 ==
===詞源===
{{inh|ajp|ar|كُلّ}}
===限定詞===
{{ajp-determiner|head=كلّ|tr=kull}}
# {{qualifier|不定詞}} [[每]]、[[各]]
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[كلّ]] [[يوم]]|tr='''kull''' yōm|t='''每'''天}}
# {{qualifier|限定詞}} [[所有]]、[[整個]]、[[全部]]
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[كلّ]] [[يوم|اليوم]]|tr='''kull''' il-yōm|t='''整'''天}}
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[كلّ]][[هم]]|tr='''kull'''hom|t=他们'''全部'''}}
#: {{syn|ajp|كامل|tr=kāmel}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{m|la|turba}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|turbō|eccl=1}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|turbō/turbin<3>|g=m}}
# 龍捲風,旋風
# 陀螺,輪子
# 旋轉運動
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|turbō/turbin<3>}}
====派生语汇====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|torb|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|fr|turbine|bor=1}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|torvon}}
** {{desc|pt|trovão}}
** {{desc|gl|trebón}}
* {{desc|osp|turbón}}
** {{desc|es|turbón}}, {{l|es|turbión}}, {{l|es|tolvanera}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*turbininus|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|terbolí}}
** {{desc|osp|torbelino}}, {{desc|osp|torbenino|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|es|torbellino}}
* {{desc|scn|tùrbinu}}
{{bottom}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|turbō}}
# 打亂,使混亂
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|turbō}}
====派生詞語====
{{der3|la|conturbō|disturbō|exturbō|masturbor|masturbātiō|perturbō|turbātiō|turbellae}}
====派生语汇====
{{col-top|3}}
* {{desc|sq|tërboj|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rup|turbu|turbu, turbari}}
* {{desc|ca|torbar}}
* {{desc|gl|turbar}}, {{l|gl|turbiar}}
* {{desc|it|turbare}}
* {{desc|pt|turbar}}, {{l|pt|turvar}}, {{l|pt|torvar}}
* {{desc|ro|turba}}
* {{desc|sc|trubare}}, {{l|sc|truvare}}, {{l|sc|turbare}}, {{l|sc|turvare}}
* {{desc|es|turbar}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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==拉丁語==
[[File:Uncrossed gladius.jpg|thumb|gladius]]
===詞源===
可能來自{{der|la|cel-gau|*kladyos|t=劍}},來自{{der|la|cel-pro|*kladiwos|t=劍}}(對比{{cog|sga|claideb|t=劍}},來自{{der|la|ine-pro|*kelh₂-|t=打,打破}})。與{{cog|la|clādes}}、{{m|la|clāva}}、{{m|la|percellō}}同源。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-gladius.ogg|音頻(古典)}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|gladius<2>}}
# 劍
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|gladius<2>}}
====派生詞語====
{{der3|la
|gladiātor
|gladiātōriē
|gladiātōrium
|gladiātūra
|gladiolus}}
====派生语汇====
{{top2}}
* 高盧-意大利語:
** 古{{desc|lij|iao}}
** 古{{desc|lmo|giaio}}
** {{desc|pms|sgiái|der=1}}
* 高盧-羅曼語:
** {{desc|roa-oca|glay}}, {{l|roa-oca|glai}}
*** {{desc|ca|esglai|der=1}}
** 古{{desc|frp|glaio}}
** {{desc|fro|glai}}, {{l|fro|glay}} {{desc|fro|glaiol|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|fr|glai}} {{qual|方言}}, {{l|fr|glaïeul}}
** {{desc|pro|glai}}, {{l|pro|glazi}}
*** {{desc|oc-auv|glasi}}
*** {{desc|oc-lim|glaize}}
* 意大利-羅曼語:
** {{desc|it|ghiado}}
** {{desc|nap|jajo}}
** {{desc|scn|agghiajare|der=1}} {{qual|卡拉布里亞}}
* 晚期拉丁語:
** {{desc|la|glavus|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|nl|gladius|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|gladius|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|gládio|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|gladio|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|gladium|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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[[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration|同步通用頁面]]: [[w:zh:Module:Math/doc]] [[w:zh:Special:PermanentLink/64291822|2021-02-14]] (輔助理解用的模板說明文件)
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<noinclude><!-- 本頁面複製自[[w:zh:Module:Math/doc]],由機器人定期更新。請直接編輯原維基項目頁面,或自設定頁面[[User:Cewbot/log/20211203/configuration]]去除本頁面之後再編輯。 --></noinclude><includeonly>{{high-use|345195}}{{Sandbox other||
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
来自{{m|la|ne-}} + {{der|la|ine-pro|*meh₁-}}({{m|la|metior}}的詞源)。對比來自相同詞根的{{m|la|immēnsus}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
===副詞===
{{la-adv|nimis|-}}
# 過分
====同義詞====
* {{l|la|nimiē}}, {{l|la|nimium}}
====派生詞語====
* {{l|la|nimius}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|pro|nems}} {{desc|pro|nemés|der=1|nolang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:NLW}}
* {{R:FEW|70|143|nĭmis}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根 {{ar-root|ج م ع}},意思和「聚集」有關。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|الْجُمُعَة,الجُمْعَة,الْجُمَعَة,الجُمْعَة}}
===專有名詞===
{{ar-proper noun|الْجُمُعَة,الْجُمْعَة,الْجُمَعَة|f}}
# [[星期五]],[[週五]]
#: {{syn|ar|يَوْم الْجُمُعَة}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|جُمُعَة|head2=جُمْعَة|head3=جُمَعَة|state=def}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|mt|il-Ġimgħa}}
* {{desc|aa|gumqát|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|cümə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|йома|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|জুম্মাবার|der=1}}
* {{desc|zh|-|der=1}}
*: {{desc|dng|җўма|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|cuma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gur|Arzũma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kaa|juma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|жұма|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|cume|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|жума|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lez|жумя|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ms|جمعة|sclang=1}}
*: {{desctree|ms|Jumaat|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mos|Arzũma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ps|جمعه|tr=ǰum'á|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|جمعه|tr=jom'e|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rhg|jumá|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sw|juma|bor=1}}, {{l|sw|Ijumaa}}
* {{desc|tg|ҷумъа|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|җомга|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|cuma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|juma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|جمعہ|tr=jum'ā|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|جۈمە|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|juma|bor=1}}
* {{desc|wo|àjjuma|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
====參見====
{{list:days of the week/ar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|جمع}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
{{ary-root|ج م ع}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ary|ar|الْجُمْعَة}}。
===發音===
* {{ary-IPA|ej-jamʕa}}
===名詞===
{{ary-noun|g=f|tr=ej-jamʕa}}
# [[星期五]],[[週五]]
#: {{syn|ary|يوم الجمعة|tr=yūm ej-jamʕa}}
====參見====
{{list:days of the week/ary}}
==北黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|apc|ar|الْجُمُعَة}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|apc|/(ɪ)lˈʒʊm.ʕa/}}
===專有名詞===
{{apc-proper noun|g=m|tr=l-jumʕa}}
# [[星期五]]
#: {{syn|apc|يوم الجمعة|tr=yōm il-jumʕa}} {{syn|apc|نهار الجمعة|tr=nhār il-jumʕa}}
====參見====
{{list:days of the week/apc}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|الْجُمُعَة}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|iljumʕa<p:ɪʒˈʒʊm.ʕa><p:ɪlˈʒʊm.ʕa><p:ɪlˈd͡ʒʊm.ʕa>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AseelF (AdrianAbdulBaha)-Friday.wav|音頻(安曼)}}
===專有名詞===
{{ajp-proper noun|g=m|tr=il-jumʕa}}
# [[星期五]],[[週五]]
#: {{syn|ajp|[[يوم]] [[الجمعة]]|tr=yōm il-jumʕa}}
====參見====
{{list:days of the week/ajp}}
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==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|aperiō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|4|aperiō|aperu|apert}}
# 打開,揭開
# 展示,證明
# 解釋
====屈折====
{{la-conj|4|aperiō|aperu|apert}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|la|operiō}}
====派生詞語====
{{col4|la
|apertibilis
|apertiō
|apertīvus
|apertō
|apertor
|apertūra
|apertus
|aprīcus
|adaperiō
|exaperiō
|interaperiō
|subaperiō}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|rup|apir|alts=1}}, {{desc|rup|apiriri|nolang=1}}
* 高卢-意大利语
** {{desc|lmo|dervì|der=1}}
** {{desc|pms|deurbe|der=1}}
* 意大利-达尔马提亚语
** {{desc|dlm|aprer|alts=1}}
** {{desc|it|aprire}}
** {{desc|nap|arapì|alts=1}}
** {{desc|scn|ràpiri}}
* 雷托-罗曼语
** {{desc|fur|avierzi|alts=1}}, {{desc|fur|vierzi|alts=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|rm|avrir|alts=1}}, {{l|rm|earver}}, {{l|rm|rivir}}
** {{desc|rm|duvrir|der=1}}, {{l|rm|darveir}}, {{l|rm|drivir}}
* {{desc|sc|abbèrrere}}, {{desc|sc|abèrriri|nolang=1}}, {{desc|sc|apèrrere|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|vec|vèrzar|alts=1}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*operīre}} {{qual|< {{m|la|aperīre|pos=現在时主動不定式}}}}
** {{desc|frp|uvrir}}
** {{desctree|fro|ovrir}}
** {{desc|pro|obrir}}, {{desc|pro|ubrir|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|ca|obrir}}
*** {{desc|oc|-}}
***: {{desc|oc-gas|aubrir}}, {{l|oc|obrir}}, {{l|oc|orbir}}
***: {{desc|oc-lan|obrir}}, {{l|oc|ubrir}}
*** {{desc|oc|-|der=1}} {{qual|前加''d-''}}
***: {{desc|oc-gas|daubrir}}, {{l|oc|draubir}}
***:: {{desc|oc-ara|daurir}}
***: {{desc|oc-lan|durbir}}
***: {{desc|oc-lim|deibrir}}, {{l|oc|dreibir}}, {{l|oc|drubir}}, {{l|oc|dubrir}}
***: {{desc|oc-pro|drubir}}, {{l|oc|durbir}}
** 西伊比利亚语
*** {{desc|an|ubrir}}
*** {{desc|ast|abrir}}
*** {{desctree|roa-opt|abrir}}
*** {{desc|es|abrir}}
{{cln|la|含有前綴ab-的詞}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:Francese}}
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|la|conligō}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=1|colligō}}
===詞源1===
{{prefix|la|con|legō|gloss2=匯集,聚集,收集}}。
====動詞====
{{la-verb|3|colligō|collēg|collēct}}
# 採集,收集
# 得到
# 編輯
# 收割
=====變位=====
{{la-conj|3|colligō|collēg|collēct}}
=====派生詞語=====
{{der4
|la|collēcta
|collēctāculum
|collēctāneus
|collēctārius
|collēctē
|collēcticius
|collēctim
|collēctiō
|collēctīvus
|collēctor
|collēctus
|recolligō
}}
=====相關詞語=====
{{rel4
|la|allegō
|dīligō
|ēligō
|intellegō
|legō
|neglegō
|perlegō
|praelegō
|relegō
|sēligō
|sublegō
}}
=====派生语汇=====
{{top3}}
* 巴尔干罗曼语:
** {{desc|rup|culeg}}, {{l|rup|culeadziri}}
** {{desc|ro|culege}}, {{l|ro|culegere}}
* 意大利-罗曼语:
** {{desc|it|cogliere}}
** {{desc|scn|cògghiri}}
* 萨丁尼亚语:
** {{desc|sc|coglire|nolang=1}}, {{l|sc|collire}}, {{l|sc|cullire}}, {{l|sc|gollire}}
* 帕達尼亞语:
** {{desc|fur|cuei}}
** {{desc|lij|cugì}}
** {{desc|pms|cheuje}}, {{l|pms|coj}}, {{l|pms|cujì}}
** {{desc|rm|cleger}}, {{l|rm|culeir}}, {{l|rm|cler}}
* 北高卢-罗曼语:
** {{desc|frp|cuelyir}}, {{l|frp|cuèdre}}, {{l|frp|colyir}}
** {{desc|fro|coillir}}, {{l|fro|cueudre}}
*** {{desc|fr|cueillir}}
*** {{desc|nrf|tchilyi}} {{qualifier|泽西}}
*** {{desc|pcd|tcheuiller}}
*** {{desc|en|cull|bor=1}}, {{l|en|coil}}
* 南高卢-罗曼语:
** {{desc|an|cullir}}, {{l|an|culre}} {{qual|里瓦戈薩}}
** {{desc|ca|collir}}
** {{desc|oc|culhir}}, {{l|oc|culir}}, {{l|oc|cuèlher}}, {{l|oc|còlher}}
* 伊比利亚-罗曼语:
** {{desc|ast|coyer}}
** {{desc|gl|coller}}
** {{desc|pt|colher}}, {{l|pt|coligir}}
** {{desc|es|coger}}
* 借词:
**{{desc|es|colegir|bor=1}}
{{col-bottom}}
===詞源2===
{{prefix|la|con|ligō|gloss2=綁,系}}
====動詞====
{{la-verb|1+|colligō}}
# 捆綁,系結,固定
#: {{syn|la|illigo|ligo|coniungo|cōnserō|iungo|consocio|contraho|concilio}}
#: {{ant|la|dissolvo|absolvo|persolvo|solvo|distraho|rumpo}}
# {{喻}}團結,結合,連接
# {{喻}}約束,阻止,阻礙
=====變位=====
{{la-conj|1+|colligō}}
=====派生詞語=====
* {{l|la|colligātē}}
* {{l|la|colligātiō}}
=====相關詞語=====
{{rel4
|la|alligō
|circumligō
|dēligō
|ligō
|obligō
|praeligō
|religō
|subligō
}}
=====派生语汇=====
* {{desc|it|collegare}}
* {{desc|scn|cullijari}}
* {{desc|ca|col·ligar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|colligate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|colliger|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|coligar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|coligar|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:la:Francese}}
sp98x7xgag6xm7lkfat8t444zv363hq
offero
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|obferō}}
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*bʰer-|*telh₂-|id2=承受}}
{{affix|la|ob-|gloss1=朝,向|ferō|gloss2=承载,携带,运送;忍受}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|offerō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|irreg|offerō|ob|ob}}
# 帶來,提供(變位同fero, ferre)
====變位====
{{la-conj|irreg|offerō|ob|ob}}
====派生詞語====
{{der3|la|oblātīcius|oblātiō|oblātīvus|oblātor|oblātus|offerēns|offerentia|offertor|offertōrium|offerumenta}}
====相關詞語====
{{rel-top4}}
* {{l|la|adferō}} / {{l|la|afferō}}
* {{l|la|auferō}}
* {{l|la|circumferō}}
* {{l|la|cōnferō}}
* {{l|la|dēferō}}
{{rel-mid4}}
* {{l|la|differō}}
* {{l|la|efferō}}
* {{l|la|ferō}}
* {{l|la|īnferō}}
* {{l|la|interferō}}
{{rel-mid4}}
* {{l|la|intrōferō}}
* {{l|la|perferō}}
* {{l|la|postferō}}
* {{l|la|praeferō}}
* {{l|la|praeterferor}}
{{rel-mid4}}
* {{l|la|prōferō}}
* {{l|la|referō}}
* {{l|la|sufferō}}
* {{l|la|trānsferō}}
{{rel-bottom}}
====派生语汇====
{{top2}}
* 萨丁尼亚语:
** {{desc|sc|oferrere|nolang=1}}, {{l|sc|oferri}}, {{l|sc|oferriri}}
* 通俗拉丁语:
** {{desc|la-vul|*offerēscō}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|la-vul|*offeriō}} {{see desc}}
* 借词:
** {{desc|nl|offeren|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ang|offrian|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|en|offer}}
** {{desc|non|offr|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sv|offer}}
**** {{desc|fi|uhri|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:la:Francese}}
t7ghfh9o5trl1jlx3d3ptw4zueyc2wb
furnus
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==拉丁語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|la|fornus}}
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*gʷʰer-}}
源自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*fornos}},源自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*gʷʰr̥-nós}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*gʷʰer-||暖的,熱的}}。<ref name="De Vaan 2008-fornus">{{R:itc:EDL|head='''fornus'''|page=235}}</ref>與{{cog|sga|gorn}}、{{cog|sla-pro|*gъrnъ}}、{{cog|sq|zjarr}}、{{cog|xcl|ջերմ}}同源。與{{m|la|formus}}有關。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|furnus<2>}}
# [[烤箱]]
# [[麵包店]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|furnus<2>}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|fornax}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|co|fornu}}, {{l|co|forru}}, {{l|co|furru}}
* {{desc|dlm|forno}}
* {{desc|ist|furno}}
* {{desc|it|forno}}
* 東羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|furnu|alts=1}}
* {{desc|egl|fåuren}}
* {{desc|ext|fornu}}
* {{desc|frp|forn}}
* {{desc|lmo|fòrn}}
* {{desc|mxi|tr=fórno}}, {{l|mxi|tr=forn}}
* {{desc|roa-ona|-}}
** {{desc|an|forno}}
* {{desc|nap|furno}}
* {{desc|fro|forn}}
** {{desc|fr|four}}
** {{desc|nrf|fou|alts=1}}
** {{desc|wa|for}}
* {{desc|roa-ole|-}}
** {{desc|ast|fornu|alts=1}}
** {{desc|mwl|forno}}
* {{desctree|pro|forn}}
* {{desctree|roa-opt|forno}}
* {{desc|osp|forno}}
** {{desctree|es|horno}}
* {{desc|pms|furn}}
* 萊托-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fur|fôr}}
** {{desc|lld|forn}}
** {{desc|rm|furn}}, {{l|rm|fuorn}}
* {{desc|sc|forru}}, {{l|sc|furru}}
* {{desc|scn|furnu}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|furrë}}
* {{desc|bor=1|grc|φοῦρνος}}
** {{desctree|el|φούρνος}}
** {{desc|bor=1|arc|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|arc|פורנא|tr=fūrnāʾ}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|syc|ܦܘܪܢܐ|tr=fūrnāʾ}}
*** {{desctree|bor=1|ar|فرن|tr=furn}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|xcl|փուռն}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|фурна}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kw|forn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|fornuis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ფურნე}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kab|ufarnu}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|фурна}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|sga|sorn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|фуруна}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|furuna}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cy|ffwrn}}
* {{desc|der=1|la-vul||*furnellus}}
** {{desc|it|fornello}}
** {{desc|fro|-}}
*** {{desc|fr|fourneau}}
** {{desc|pro|-}}
*** {{desc|ca|fornell}}
*** {{desc|oc|fornèl}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|-}}
*** {{desc|pt|forninho}}
** {{desc|osp|-}}
*** {{desc|es|hornillo}}
** 萊托-羅曼語支:
*** {{desc|rm|furnel}}
** {{desc|sc|forredhu}}, {{l|sc|furredhu}}
** {{desc|scn|furneḍḍu}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{reflist}}
dl3o5l3ns7gh9wxl88y75eyejsdz199
musaraneus
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==拉丁語==
===替代寫法===
* {{l|la|mūs arāneus}}
===詞源===
來自{{m|la|mūs||老鼠}} + {{m|la|arāneus||蜘蛛}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|mūsarāneus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|mūsarāneus<2>}}
# [[鼩鼱]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|mūsarāneus<2>}}
====同義詞====
* {{sense|鼩鼱}} {{l|la|mygalē}}
====派生詞====
{{top2}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|musaragno}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frm|merisengne}}, {{l|frm|mesiraigne}}
** {{desc|wa|miserette}}, {{l|wa|mesirette}}(可能)
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|musaranya}}
** {{desc|oc|musaranha}}, {{l|oc|musranha}}
* 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|pt|musaranho}}
** {{desc|es|musaraña}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*mureganeus|der=1}}
** 帕達尼亞語:
*** {{desc|lld|müsgagn}} {{desc|lld|müsgòt|der=1|nolang=1}}, {{l|lld|masugòt||蝙蝠}}; {{l|lld|musgaign||鼩鼱}}
*** {{desc|lmo|-}}
***: 布雷西亞語: {{l|lmo|morgano||耗子}}
{{mid2}}
** 北高盧-羅曼語支:
*** {{desc|frp|meurge|der=1}}
*** {{desc|roa-gal|migren}}
*** {{desc|roa-lor|meurjotte|der=1}}
** 南高盧-羅曼語支:
*** 奧克語:
***: {{desc|oc-gas|mirga|der=1}}, {{l|oc|murga}}, {{l|oc|murguèta}}, {{l|oc|mirguèta}}
***: {{desc|oc-lan|mirga|der=1}}, {{l|oc|murga}}, {{l|oc|murguèta}}, {{l|oc|mirguèta}}
***: {{desc|oc-lim|murja|der=1}}
***: {{desc|oc-viv|murga|der=1}}
** 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
*** {{desc|gl|musgaño}}
*** {{desc|es|musgaño}}
* 借用:
** {{desc|en|ranny|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|musaraigne|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tl|musaranya|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* {{R:la:L&S|mygale}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
dazad2fs7tlouiq8p8x1db0vvr2xbvm
ψυχή
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{{also|Ψυχή|ψυχῇ}}
==古希臘語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|grc|ψῡχᾱ́||dor}}
===詞源===
源自{{affix|grc|ψῡ́χω|t1=吹|-η|pos2=零階形}}。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA|ψῡχή}}
* {{hyph|grc|ψυ|χή}}
* {{audio|grc|Grc-ψυχή.ogg|音頻 (古典阿提卡)}}
===名詞===
{{grc-noun|ψῡχή|ψῡχῆς|f|first}}
# [[人類]]或[[動物]]的[[身體]]、[[元氣]]、[[靈魂]]、[[生命]]
#* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|22|324 f.|quote={{...}} φαίνετο δ’ ᾗ κληῖδες ἀπ’ ὤμων αὐχέν’ ἔχουσι<br>λαυκανίην, ἵνα τε '''ψυχῆς''' ὤκιστος ὄλεθρος·|transauthor=陳中梅|trans={{...}}盡管如此,他還是找到一個露點,鎖骨分接脖子和肩膀的部位<br>裸露的咽喉,人體中死之最捷達的通徑。|lit={{...}}人體中'''生命'''的毀滅{{...}}}}
#* {{Q|grc|NT|Revelation|8|9|quote={{...}} καὶ ἀπέθανεν τὸ τρίτον τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα '''ψυχὰς''' καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθαρη.|transauthor=和合本聖經|trans={{...}}海中的活物死了三分之一,船隻也壞了三分之一。|lit={{...}}海中有'''生命'''的生物{{...}}}}
## {{lb|grc|詩歌化}} “魂息”,[[命脈]]([[有形]]的“生命[[源泉]]”)
##* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|14|516|thru=519|quote=Ἀτρεΐδης δ’ ἄρ’ ἔπειθ’ Ὑπερήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν<br>οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην, διὰ δ’ ἔντερα χαλκὸς ἄφυσσε<br>δῃώσας: '''ψυχὴ''' δὲ κατ’ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν<br>ἔσσυτ’ ἐπειγομένη, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.|transauthor=陳中梅|trans=墨奈勞斯捅殺了呼裴瑞諾耳,兵士的牧者<br>槍尖撕開腹脅,搗出內臟<br>'''魂息'''匆匆飄離軀體,從那道銅槍開出的口子<br>濃黑的迷霧蒙住了他的雙眼。}}
##* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|16|505|quote={{...}} τοῖο δ’ ἅμα '''ψυχήν''' τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ’ αἰχμήν.|transauthor=陳中梅|trans={{...}}就這樣,他拔出槍矛,也帶出了薩耳裴冬的'''魂脈'''。}}
## {{lb|grc|哲學|自早期物理學家}} 第一[[實體]]的[[生命力]],生命和[[意識]]的來源
##* {{Q|grc|Heraclitus|frag. 36|quote='''ψυχῇσιν''' θάνατος ὕδωρ γενέσθαι, ὕδατι δὲ θάνατος γῆν γενέσθαι, ἐκ γῆς δὲ ὕδωρ γίνεται, ἐξ ὕδατος δὲ '''ψυχή'''.|transauthor=John Burnet|transyear=1920|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|trans=因為變成水是'''靈魂'''的死亡,變成土是水的死亡。但水是來自於土;而'''靈魂'''又來自於水。}}
##* {{Q|grc|Aristotle|De anima|405a20|quote=ἔοικε δὲ καὶ Θαλῆς ἐξ ὧν ἀπομνημονεύουσι κινητικόν τι τὴν '''ψυχὴν''' ὑπολαβεῖν, εἴπερ τὴν λίθον ἔφη '''ψυχὴν''' ἔχειν, ὅτι τὸν σίδηρον κινεῖ·|transauthor=Charles Collier|transyear=1855|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|trans=從泰利斯思想的記述來看,他似乎也認為,'''生命力'''是具有推動性的事物。他說磁石肯定擁有其'''生命力''',因為它使鐵運動。}}
## (舊約聖經七十士譯本)[[人]]
##* {{Q|grc|LXX|Ge.|46|18}}
# 生命,有[[生命力]]的[[存在]](視作[[所有物]])
#* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|9|322|quote={{...}} αἰεὶ ἐμὴν '''ψυχὴν''' παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν.|transauthor=陳中梅|trans={{...}}在(永無休止的)惡戰中耗磨我的'''生命'''。}}
#* {{Q|grc|Homer|Odyssey|9|422 f.|quote=πάντας δὲ δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον,<br>ὥς τε περὶ '''ψυχῆς'''· μέγα γὰρ κακὸν ἐγγύθεν ἦεν.|transauthor=Augustus Taber Murray|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|transyear=1862|trans=我和每個面臨'''生死'''存亡關頭的人一樣,想盡各種辦法和計謀,因為巨大的災難就在我們的面前。}}
# [[靈魂]]:與[[身體]]不同,並會在[[死亡]]時離開身體(人不死的部分)
#* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|1|1|thru=5|quote=μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος<br>οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί’ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε’ ἔθηκε,<br>πολλὰς δ’ ἰφθίμους '''ψυχὰς''' Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν<br>ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν<br>οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, Διὸς δ’ ἐτελείετο βουλή.|transauthor=陳中梅|trans=歌唱吧,女神!歌唱裴琉斯之子阿基琉斯的憤怒——<br>他的暴怒招致了這場凶險的災禍,給阿開亞人帶來了受之不盡的苦難<br>將許多豪傑強健的'''魂魄'''打入了哀地斯<br>而把他們的軀體,作為美食,扔給了狗和兀鳥<br>從而實踐了宙斯的意志。}}
#* {{Q|grc|Homer|Iliad|5|696|quote={{...}} τὸν δ’ ἔλιπε '''ψυχή''', κατὰ δ’ ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ’ ἀχλύς·|transauthor=陳中梅|trans={{...}}'''命息'''離他而去,迷霧封住了他的眼睛}}
## 脫離[[肉體]]的靈魂,[[陰魂]],[[幽靈]]
##* {{Q|grc|Homer|Odyssey|23|362|thru=24.2|quote=αὐτίκα γὰρ φάτις εἶσιν ἅμ’ ἠελίῳ ἀνιόντι<br>ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, οὓς ἔκτανον ἐν μεγάροισιν.<br>⁂<br>Ἑρμῆς δὲ '''ψυχὰς''' Κυλλήνιος ἐξεκαλεῖτο<br>ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων: {{...}}|transauthor=陳中梅|trans=用不了多久,伴随太阳的升起,此事将在邻里传扬<br>关于那些追你的人们,被我杀死在宫房。<br>⁂<br>其时,库勒奈的赫耳墨斯召聚起求婚者的'''魂灵''',{{...}}}}
# [[精神]],有[[意識]]的[[自我]],[[情緒]]、[[慾望]]和[[情感]]的[[中心]],[[內心]]
#* {{Q|grc|Pindar|I.|53|thru=55|quote=Θηβᾶν ἀπὸ Καδμεϊᾶν μορφὰν βραχύς, '''ψυχὰν''' δ’ ἄκαμπτος, προσπαλαίσων ἦλθ’ ἀνὴρ<br>τὰν πυροφόρον Λιβύαν, κρανίοις ὄφρα ξένων ναὸν Ποσειδάωνος ἐρέφοντα σχέθοι,<br>υἱὸς Ἀλκμήνας|transauthor=Diane Svarlien|transyear=1990|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|trans=曾經有一位英雄,來自卡德摩斯的忒拜城。他身材矮小,卻'''精神'''堅毅。這位英雄前往安泰俄斯居住的土地,盛產糧食的利比亞,要阻止他用阿爾克墨涅兒子的頭骨來做波塞冬神廟的廟頂。}}
#* {{Q|grc|Xenophon|On Horsemanship|11|1|quote=ἢν δέ τις ἄρα βουληθῇ καὶ πομπικῷ καὶ μετεώρῳ καὶ λαμπρῷ ἵππῳ χρήσασθαι, οὐ μάλα μὲν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐκ παντὸς ἵππου γίγνεται, ἀλλὰ δεῖ ὑπάρξαι αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν '''ψυχὴν''' μεγαλόφρονα καὶ τὸ σῶμα εὔρωστον.|transauthor=Henry Graham Dakyns|transyear=c. 1898|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|trans=不過,如果想得到一匹適合遊行和儀仗隊列的馬,一匹高大而艷麗的馬,這些特質不是每匹馬都具備的,但首先,其應當擁有高昂的'''精神'''和結實的身體。}}
## {{lb|grc|哲學|柏拉圖以後}} [[宇宙]]的精神,[[運動]]及生命進行的非物質法則
##* {{Q|grc|Plato|Timaeus|34b|quote='''ψυχὴν''' δὲ εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτοῦ θεὶς διὰ παντός τε ἔτεινεν καὶ ἔτι ἔξωθεν τὸ σῶμα αὐτῇ περιεκάλυψεν, {{...}}|transauthor=W. R. M. Lamb|transyear=1925|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|trans=祂在其中置入了'''精神''',使之伸展至其內部各處,也用它包住了其身體的外部;{{...}}}}
# [[心靈]](思想的器官),[[理性]]
#* {{Q|grc|Xenophon|Economics|6|16|quote=ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἄρα εἶχεν οὕτως, ἀλλ’ ἐνίους ἐδόκουν καταμανθάνειν τῶν καλῶν τὰς μορφὰς πάνυ μοχθηροὺς ὄντας τὰς '''ψυχάς'''.|transauthor=E. C. Marchant, O. J. Todd and William Heinemann|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|transyear=1979|trans=不過情況畢竟並非如此:我想我發現,有些外表亮麗的人,'''心靈'''卻是完全墮落的。}}
# {{lb|grc|rare|引申自“靈魂”義}} [[蝴蝶]]
#* {{Q|grc|Aristotle|History of Animals|5|19|quote=Γίνονται δ’ αἱ μὲν καλούμεναι '''ψυχαὶ''' ἐκ τῶν καμπῶν, αἳ γίνονται ἐπὶ τῶν φύλλων τῶν χλωρῶν, καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῆς ῥαφάνου, ἣν καλοῦσί τινες κράμβην.|trans=那些人們稱之為'''蝴蝶'''的生物,是從毛蟲產生的,而毛蟲又出自綠葉,尤其是在蘿蔔和兩節芥[的葉子]上。}}
====屈折====
{{grc-decl|form=F-full|ψῡχή|ψῡχῆς}}
====引用====
* {{Q|grc|Pindar|N.|37|thru=39|quote=παῦροι δὲ βουλεῦσαι φόνου <br> παρποδίου νεφέλαν τρέψαι ποτὶ <br> δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν στίχας <br> χερσὶ καὶ '''ψυχᾷ''' δυνατοί|transauthor=Dawson Turner|notes=下方中文翻譯,是按照英文譯本再翻譯|transyear=1852|trans=但很少有人知道,要用自己的雙手與'''靈魂''',來把籠罩在自己身上的戰爭陰雲,趕向敵人那邊。}}
* {{Q|grc|NT|Luke|21|19|quote={{...}} ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν κτήσασθε τὰς '''ψυχὰς''' ὑμῶν|transauthor=和合本聖經|trans=你們常存忍耐、就必保全'''靈魂'''(或作必得'''生命''')}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|grc|ἐλευθερόψῡχος}}
* {{l|grc|εὔψυχος}}
* {{l|grc|ψῡχικός}}
* {{l|grc|ψυχοπομπός}}
* {{l|grc|ψῡχοτρόφος}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|el|ψυχή}}
* {{desc|cop|ⲯⲩⲭⲏ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|la|psychē|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ca|psique|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cs|psýcha|bor=1}}
** {{desc|da|psyke|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nl|psyche|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|psyche|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eo|psiko|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fi|psyyke|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|psyché|bor=1}}
** {{desc|de|Psyche|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|psiche|bor=1}}
** {{desc|oc|psiquè|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|psique|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|psiha|bor=1}}, {{m|sh|пси̏ха}}
** {{desc|scn|psichi|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|psique|bor=1}}, {{desc|es|psiquis|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|sv|psyke|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mul|psycho-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|yi|פּסיכע|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|психика|bor=1}}(通過 {{m|grc||ψῡχικός|tr=-}})
* {{desc|pl|psychika|bor=1}}(通過 {{m|grc||ψῡχικός|tr=-}})
* {{desc|ro|psihic|bor=1}}(通過 {{m|grc||ψῡχικός|tr=-}})
* {{desc|ru|психика|bor=1}}(通過 {{m|grc||ψῡχικός|tr=-}})
===參考資料===
* {{R:grc:Middle Liddell}}
* {{R:grc:Autenrieth}}
* {{R:grc:Woodhouse}}
* {{R:Cunliffe}}
* {{R:grc:Bailly}}
* {{R:grc:LSJ}}
* {{R:Strong's|G|5590}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
* '''2006''', Steven Paul, ''The Apocalypse Letter by Letter: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Revelation'', page 281 (discussing Revelation 8:9): “The literal meaning of the noun ‘ψυχή’ [psykhë, or psyche] is ‘breath’; hence, like ‘πνεῦμα’ [pneuma], it can also mean ‘spirit, soul, mind.’"
* '''2007''', Leon Marvell, ''Transfigured light: philosophy, cybernetics and the hermetic imaginary'' {{ISBN|978-1-933146-27-0}}, page 128: “the psyche (the term derives from ψυχη, the breath, and ψυχειν, to breathe)”.
==希臘語==
===詞源===
源自{{inh|el|grc|ψυχή|tr=-}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|el|/psiˈçi/}}
* {{audio|el|Ell-Psychi.ogg|Audio}}
* {{hyphenation|el|ψυ|χή}}
===名詞===
{{el-noun|f|ψυχές}}
# {{lb|el|宗教|民俗學|也用於|_|比喻}} [[靈魂]]
#: {{uxi|el|Ο Θεός να αναπαύσει την '''ψυχή''' της.|t=上帝讓她的'''靈魂'''安息。}}
#: {{uxi|el|Το σώμα είναι η κιβωτός της '''ψυχής'''.|t=身體是'''靈魂'''的容器。}}
#: {{uxi|el|Στον δρόμο δεν υπήρχε '''ψυχή''' τέτοια ώρα.|t=那個時候,街上連一個'''人'''都看不到。}}
#: {{ux|el|Η '''ψυχή''' της Ελλάδας φαίνεται σε κάθε νότα της μουσικής.|t=每一個音符都能聽見希臘的'''靈魂'''。}}
# {{lb|el|比喻}} [[勇氣]],[[膽量]]
#: {{uxi|el|Δεν έχει κανείς εδώ '''ψυχή''' μέσα του.|t=這裡沒有一個人有'''膽量'''。}}
# {{lb|el|昆蟲學}} [[蝴蝶]]
#: {{syn|el|πεταλούδα}}
# {{lb|el|音樂}} 弦樂器的[[音柱]]
====變格====
{{el-nF-η-ες-1|ψυχ}}
====派生詞====
* {{l|el|άβυσσος η ψυχή του ανθρώπου|gloss=人總會做出難以置信的行為|lit=深淵是人的靈魂}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col2|el|sort=0
|{{l|el|εν βρασμώ ψυχής}}
|{{l|el|μια ψυχή που είναι να βγει}}
|{{l|el|πήγε η ψυχή μου στην Κούλουρη}}
|{{l|el|ψυχάκι}}
|{{l|el|ψυχάρα}}
|{{l|el|ψυχή τε και σώματι}}
|{{l|el|ψυχικά}}
|{{l|el|ψυχικό}}
|{{l|el|ψυχικός}}
|{{l|el|ψυχισμός}}
|{{l|el|ψυχούλα}}
|{{l|el|ψυχούδι}}
|{{l|el|ψυχωμένος}}
|{{l|el|ψύχωση}}
|{{l|el|ψυχωτικός}}
|{{l|el|ξεψυχώ}}
}}
{{topics|el|昆蟲}}
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{{reconstructed}}
== 原始斯拉夫語 ==
===詞源===
來自{{af|sla-pro|*bosъ|*noga|*-ъ|t1=裸的|t2=腳}}。
===形容詞===
{{sla-adj}}
# [[赤腳]]的
====變格====
{{sla-decl-adj-hard|boson|og}}
====派生詞====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|басано́гий}}
** {{desc|ru|босоно́гий}}
** {{desc|uk|босоно́гий}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|босоно́г}}
** {{desc|mk|бо́соног}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|босо̀ног|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|bosònog|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|bosonòg}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|bosonohý}}
** {{desc|pl|bosonogi}}
** {{desc|sk|bosonohý}}
{{bottom}}
===來源===
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*bosonogъ|222|2}}
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{{also|елена}}
==保加利亞語==
===專有名詞===
{{bg-proper noun|Елена|f}}
# {{given name|bg|女性|from=古希臘語|xlit=Elena|xlit2=Yelena|eq=Helen}}
==馬其頓語==
===發音===
* {{mk-IPA}}
===專有名詞===
{{mk-proper noun|f}}
# {{given name|mk|女性|eq=Helen}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ru|grc|Ἑλένη||海倫}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Еле́на}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-Елена.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Еле́на|a=an|n=both}}
# 葉蓮娜,{{given name|ru|女性|from=古希臘語|xlit=Elena|xlit2=Yelena|eq=Helen}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Еле́на|a=an}}
====派生詞====
* {{qualifier|小稱}} {{l|ru|Ле́на}}
* {{qualifier|暱稱}} {{l|ru|Ле́ночка}}, {{l|ru|Лену́ся}}
* {{qualifier|貶稱}} {{l|ru|Ле́нка}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ru|Алёна}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|Ելենա}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|Yelena}}, {{l|en|Elena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|Jelena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|Jelena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Jelena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|Jeļena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|Jelena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Јелена}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Jelena}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|Jela}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|Jelena}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
此詞為[[漫遊詞]]。
* 可能和代表「葫蘆」的詞,如{{cog|ar|قِثَّاء|t=黃瓜屬}}、{{cog|xcl|սեխ|t=甜瓜}}、{{cog|grc|σικύα|t=葫蘆}}、{{cog|grc|σίκυος}}、{{m|grc|σικυός}}、{{m|grc|σίκυς|t=小黃瓜}}、{{cog|la|cucumis|t=小黃瓜}} 有關,
* 或者和代表「無花果」的詞,如{{cog|xcl|թուզ|t=無花果}}、{{cog|grc-boi|τῦκον|t=無花果}}、{{cog|grc-att|σῦκον|t=無花果}}、{{cog|la|fīcus|t=fig}} 有關。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f}}
# {{topics|sla-pro|葫蘆科植物|蔬菜}} [[南瓜]],[[葫蘆]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|tyky|stem=v}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語:
** {{desctree|orv|тꙑкꙑ}}
* 南斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|тꙑкꙑ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|sc=Glag|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|ти́ква}}
** {{desc|mk|тиква}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ти̏ква|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|tȉkva|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|tȋkva}}
** {{desc|hu|tök|bor=1}}
* 西斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cs|tykev}}
** {{desc|pl|tykwa}}
** {{desc|sk|tekvica|der=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|тыква}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始伊朗語==
{{cardinalbox|ira-pro|6|7|8|*xšwáš|*Haštā́}}
===詞源===
源自{{inh|ira-pro|iir-pro|*saptá}},源自{{inh|ira-pro|ine-pro|*septḿ̥}}。
===數詞===
{{head|ira-pro|數詞}}
# [[七]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 中部伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ae-yng|𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀}}
* 東北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|xsc-pro|*hāβdá}}
*** {{desc|oos|*āvd}}<ref>{{R:ira:Kummel:2016}}</ref>
**** {{desc|os|авд}}
**** 薩爾馬提亞語: {{l|und|αϐδ}}, {{l|und|αϐδα}}
*** {{desctree|xsc-skw-pro|*hafta}}
** 粟特-巴克特里亞語支:
*** {{desc|xbc|ηϐο|ts=ēβ}}
*** {{desc|xco|tr=ʾβd|ts=aβd}}
*** {{desc|ira-sgc-pro|*háftą}}<ref>{{R:ira:Novák:2013|page=169}}</ref>
**** {{desc|sog|-|ts=əβdá}}
****: 佛教: {{l|sog|tr=ʾβth}}, {{l|sog|tr=ʾβtʾ}}
****: 基督教: {{l|sog|tr=btʾ}}, {{l|sog|tr=ʾbtʾ}}
****: {{desc|sog|𐫀𐫂𐫤𐫀|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|sog|𐼰𐼱𐽂𐼳|sclang=1}}, {{l|sog|𐼰𐼱𐽂𐼰}}
**** {{desc|yai|авд|tr=avd}}, {{l|yai|tr=avt}}
* 東南伊朗語支:
** 帕米爾語支:
*** 門吉-依德哈語支:
**** {{desc|mnj|tr=ōvdá}}
**** {{desc|ydg|tr=ávdo}}
*** 桑格里奇-伊什卡什米語支:
**** {{desc|isk|tr=uvd}}
**** {{desc|sgy|tr=ōvδ}}, {{desc|sgy|tr=hōvδ}}
**** 則巴基語: {{l|und|tr=övd}}
*** 舒格南-雅茲古倫語支:
**** 舒格南-羅沙尼語支:
***** {{desc|sgh|-}}
*****: 巴久依語: {{l|sgh|tr=wūvd}}
*****: {{desc|sgh|в̌ӯвд}}
***** {{desc|sgh-ros|tr=wūvd}}
***** 巴爾坦格-拉沙爾維語支:
*****: 巴爾坦格語: {{l|sgh|tr=ūvd}}
*****: 拉沙爾維語: {{l|sgh|tr=ūvd}}, {{l|sgh|tr=wūvd}}
***** {{desc|srh|tr=ɨvd, ыvd}}
**** {{desc|yah|tr=uvd}}
** {{desc|prc|hōt}}
** {{desc|ps|اووه|tr=owë́, uwë́}}
* 西北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|bal|ہپت|tr=hapt}}, {{m|bal|ہفت|tr=haft}}
** 庫爾德語:
*** {{desc|kmr|heft}}
*** {{desc|ckb|حەوت}}
*** {{desc|sdh|ھەفت}}
*** {{desc|lki|ھەفت}}
** 扎扎-古拉尼語支:
*** {{desc|hac|حەوت|tr=ḥawt}}
*** {{desc|zza|hewt}}
* 西南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|pal|-|ts=haft}}
**: {{desc|pal|𐫍𐫛𐫤|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}, {{l|pal|𐫍𐫜𐫤}}
**: {{desc|pal|tr=hptʿ|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls}}
**** {{desc|fa-ira|sc=fa-Arab|هفت|tr=haft}}
**** {{desc|tg|ҳафт}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==白俄羅斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=be}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|be|orv|мълва}},來自{{inh|be|sla-pro|*mъlva}};與{{cog|cu|млъва||說話}}、{{cog|ru|молва́}}、{{cog|cs|mluva}}等同源。
===發音===
* {{be-IPA|мо́ва}}
* {{audio|be|Be-мова.ogg}}
* {{rhyme|be|ova|s=2}}
* {{hyph|be|мо|ва}}
===名詞===
{{be-noun|мо́ва<>|adj=мо́ўны}}
# [[語言]]
#: {{uxi|be|белару́ская '''мо́ва'''|白俄羅斯語}}
====變格====
{{be-ndecl|мо́ва<>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|be|мовазна́ўства}}
* {{l|be|размо́ва}}
** {{l|be|размо́віць}}
*** {{l|be|размаўля́ць}}
===來源===
* {{R:be:slounik.org}}
{{topics|be|語言}}
==古盧森尼亞語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|zle-ort|мо́лва||古舊}}
===詞源===
來自早期{{m|zle-ort|мо́лва}}和唇音化{{m|und||-olv-}} > {{m|und||-oŭv-}} > {{m|und||-ov-}},{{inh+|zle-ort|orv|мъ́лва|nocap=1}},來自{{inh|zle-ort|sla-pro|*mъ̀lva}},來自{{inh|zle-ort|ine-bsl-pro|*múlˀwāˀ}},來自{{inh|zle-ort|ine-pro||*ml̥wH-eh₂}},來自{{m|ine-pro|*mlewH-}}{{root|zle-ort|ine-pro|*mlewH-}}。<ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*mъlva|225|20|ст.-бел. ''молва''}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|мова|491|3}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:EDUL|мо́ва|826|2|MUk. ''молва́'' (XVII c.), ''мова'' (XVII c.)}}</ref><ref>{{R:be:ESBM|мова|61|7|mova}}</ref>
===名詞===
{{zle-ort-noun|мо́ва|f-in|gen=|pl=|genpl=|adj=мо́вный|dim=}}
# {{c|zle-ort|語言}} [[語言]]
# [[說話]],[[談話]]
# [[詞語]]
# [[聲音]]
====相關詞====
{{rootsee|zle-ort|ine|mlewH}}
{{col4|zle-ort|title=|мовно|мовеный|мовленый|мовный|мовѧчїй|мовѧщїй|мовенье<g:n>|мовленье<g:n>|мовловство|мовность|мовца<g:f>|мовити|мовитисѧ|мовлꙗти|мовꙗти}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|be|мо́ва}}; {{desc|be|малва́|nolang=1|qq=方言}}
* {{desc|uk|мо́ва}}
* {{desc|ru|мо́ва|bor=1|qq=dialectal}}
===來源===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|мова|102|18|mova}}
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|молва|125|18|molva}}
* {{R:zle-ouk:MSPKUM|мова|432|1}}
==俄語==
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ru|uk|-}}和{{bor|ru|be|мо́ва}}。{{doublet|ru|молва́}}。
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|мо́ва}}
===名詞===
{{ru-noun+|мо́ва}}
# {{lb|ru|often|derogatory|Ukraine}} [[烏克蘭語]]
# {{lb|ru|often|derogatory|Belarus}} [[白俄羅斯語]]
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|мо́ва}}
{{topics|ru|白俄羅斯|烏克蘭}}
==烏克蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=uk}}
===詞源===
來自{{inh|uk|orv|мълва}},來自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*mъlva}};與{{cog|cu|млъва||說話}}、{{cog|ru|молва́}}、{{cog|cs|mluva}}等同源。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|мо́ва}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{uk-noun|мо́ва<>|adj=мо́вний}}
# [[語言]]
#* '''1955''', Панас Мирний, V, 314:
#*: {{ux|uk|Найбі́льше і найдоро́жче добро́ в ко́жного наро́ду — це його́ '''мо́ва'''.|t=每個國家最偉大和最有價值的東西 — 是它的'''語言'''。}}
# {{lb|uk|grammar}} [[敘述]]
====變格====
{{uk-ndecl|мо́ва<>}}
====衍生詞====
* {{l|uk|розмо́ва}}
** {{l|uk|розмо́вити}}
*** {{l|uk|розмовля́ти}}
* {{l|uk|вимо́ва}}
{{der4|uk|title=形容詞
|англомо́вний
|багатомо́вний
|двомо́вний
|іншомо́вний
|іспаномо́вний
|італомо́вний
|німецькомо́вний
|одномо́вний
|польськомо́вний
|португаломо́вний
|російськомо́вний
|румуномо́вний
|угорськомо́вний
|україномо́вний
|українськомо́вний
|франкомо́вний
|чеськомо́вний
|шведськомо́вний
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
{{topics|uk|語言}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*gwaizdāˀ}} / {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*źwaizdāˀ}}({{m|ine-bsl-pro|*gwaiźdāˀ}} / {{m|ine-bsl-pro|*źwaiźdāˀ}}?),源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|-}}:
* Derksen:{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoyǵʰ-dʰeh₁-}} / {{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoydʰ-dʰeh₁-}}。
* ЭССЯ:{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoy-stā||权威人物}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoy-}}(变体{{m|ine-pro|*gʷʰay-}}) + {{m|ine-pro|*stā-||站}}(对比{{m|ine-pro|*stē̆r-}})。
* Vasmer:可能最后音节含有{{m|ine-pro|*dʰē-||放,置}}
* Pokorny:{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoygʷ-(e)s-d-ā}}({{m|ine-pro||-(e)s-}}词干,{{m|ine-pro|*-d(ā)}}),源自{{m|ine-pro|*ǵʰwoygʷ-||闪;星}}。
波罗的语支同源词包括{{cog|lt|žvaigždė̃}}、{{cog|sgs|žvaiždie}}、{{cog|lv|zvàigzne}}、{{cog|prg|-}}(Asg.){{m|prg|swāigstan}}。
印欧语系同源词包括{{cog|os|ӕвзи́ст}} / {{m|os|ӕвзестӕ||银}}(←{{cog|oos|*zvestæ}})。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*gvě̄zdà}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|195|*gvě̄zdà|f. ā (b) ‘star’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|gvězda gvězdy|''b'' (NA 91f., 141; SA 20, 156); ''b/c'' (PR 138) star}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|天體}} [[星]]
====曲折变化====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=b}}
====其他形式====
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvězda}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*gvězdatъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*gvězdьnъ}}
====派生語彙====
{{acol}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|звѣзда}}
*** {{desc|be|звязда́}} {{qual|古旧}}
*** {{desc|ru|звезда́}}
*** {{desc|rue|звізда́}}
*** {{desc|zle-ouk|звѣзда}}
**** {{desc|uk|звізда́}} {{qual|古旧}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|гвѣзда}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** 古教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|ѕвѣзда}}、{{l|cu|звѣзда}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⰷⰲⱑⰸⰴⰰ}}、{{l|cu|ⰸⰲⱑⰸⰴⰰ}}
*** 教会斯拉夫语:{{l|cu|звѣзда}} {{qual|俄语}}
** {{desc|bg|звезда́}}、{{l|bg|звя́зда}}(方言)、{{l|bg|дзвя́зда}}(方言)
** {{desc|mk|ѕвезда}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|зве́зда|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|звије́зда}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|zvézda}}、{{l|sh|zvijézda}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|zvẹ́zda}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cs|hvězda}}
** {{desc|csb|gwiôzda}}
** {{desc|pox|gjozdă}}
** {{desc|pl|gwiazda}}、{{l|pl|gwiázda}} {{qual|弃用或方言}}
** {{desc|szl|gwiŏzda}}
** {{desc|sk|hviezda}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|gvjǻu̯zdă}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|hwězda}}
*** {{desc|dsb|gwězda}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|звезда}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|звезда|319|1}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*gvězda|181|7}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvězda]]
[[ja:付録:スラヴ祖語/gvězda]]
[[ko:*gvězda]]
[[ru:*gvězda]]
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étamine
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{{also|etamine}}
==法語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fr}}
[[Image:Amaryllis stamens aka.jpg|thumb|étamine]]
===詞源===
源自{{der|fr|la-med|stāminea||一種羊毛布}},源自{{m|la|stāmineus||絲線的}},源自{{der|fr|la|stāmen||經紗}}。
生物學義項是詞源上類比而來。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-étamine.wav|Audio}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|f}}
# [[平紋]][[織物]]
# [[濾布]]
# {{lb|fr|植物學}} [[雄蕊]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|etamine|bor=1}}, {{desc|en|etamin|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|etamina|bor=1}}
===拓展閱讀===
* {{R:TLFi}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|aménité}}, {{l|fr|matinée}}
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ciuturã
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{{also|ciutură}}
==阿羅馬尼亞語==
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|rup|ciutrã}}
===詞源===
源自{{inh|rup|la|cotyla}}、{{m|la|cotula}} 的變體,派生自{{der|rup|grc|κοτύλη}}。和{{cog|ruq|ciutură}}、{{cog|ro|ciutură}}、{{cog|it|ciotola}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{head|rup|名詞|g=f|plural|ciuturi}}
# 用於從井裡[[取水]]的[[木桶]]
# 裝酒用的[[皮袋]],木製[[酒瓶]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sq|çotrë|bor=1}}, {{l|sq|çutrë}}, {{l|sq|çuturë}}, {{l|sq|çutër}} {{qual|棄用}}<!-- Italian form: çutul-->
* {{desc|bg|чу́тура|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|cs|čutora|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gag|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|gag|чотра|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|gag|çotra|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|el|τσότρα|bor=1}}, {{l|el|τσιότρα}}
* {{desc|hu|csutora|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|чутура|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|ro|ciutură|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|чу̀тура|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|čùtura|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|čutora|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sl|čútara|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|چوتوره|tr=çotura|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|чуто́ра|bor=1}}, {{l|uk|чіту́ра}} {{qual|外喀爾巴阡|古舊}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite-journal|last=Mladin|first=Constantin-Ioan|journal=Linguistik online|volume=86|issue=7|year=2017|lang=German|title=Romanisierung als Schritt zur „Modernisierung” des Mazedonischen|page=90|url=https://bop.unibe.ch/linguistik-online/article/download/4120/6173/|doi=10.13092/lo.86.4120}}
* {{cite-journal|last=Романски|first=Стоянъ|authorlink=bg:Стоян Романски|title=Новъ етимологиченъ рѣчникъ на влашкия езикъ|journal=Периодическо списание на българското книжовно дружество въ София|volume=67|year=1907|page=312|lang=Bulgarian|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/periodicheskosp03druzgoog/page/n321}}
{{c|rup|飲食容器}}
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تازیانه
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== 鄂圖曼土耳其語 ==
===替代寫法===
* {{alter|ota|تارزنه|tr1=tarzene|تازانه|tr2=tazane}}
===詞源===
來自{{bor|ota|fa|تازیانه|tr=tâziyâne}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=taziyane}}
# {{c|ota|暴力}} [[鞭子]]
#: {{syn|ota|قامچی|tr1=kamçı|قرباچ|tr2=kırbaç}}
# {{c|ota|音樂}} [[撥子]]
====派生詞====
* {{desc|tr|taziyane}}, {{l|tr|tarzene}} {{qual|棄用}}, {{l|tr|tezene}} {{qual|現今標準}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|терзѝја̄н|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|terzìjān|sclang=1}}
===變格===
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=1039}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa|sc=fa-Arab}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=tâziyâne|pl=تازیانهها|pltr=tâziyâne-hâ}}
# [[鞭子]]
====同義詞====
* {{l|fa|شلاق|tr=šallâq}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|az|taziyanə|bor=1}}, {{l|az|tazyana}}
* {{desctree|ota|تازیانه|tr=taziyane|bor=1}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{glossary|漫遊詞}},來自某非印歐語系語言,可能原爲{{der|sla-pro|qfa-sub}}<ref name="Matasović"/>。對比{{cog|lt|sidãbras}}、{{cog|lv|sidrabs}}、{{m|lv|sudrabs}}、{{cog|prg|sirablan}};向西,有{{cog|gem-pro|*silubrą}}、{{cog|eu|zilar}}和{{cog|ber-pro|*a-ẓrəf}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*sьrebrȍ|n}}<ref name="Matasović">{{R:bsl:Matasović:2013|86|PSl. sьrebro ‘silver’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|sьrebro sьrebra|''b'' sølv (SA 80; PR 135)}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=srebrọ̑|passage=*sьrebrȍ}}</ref>
# [[銀]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=b}}
====派生语汇====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|сьребро}}, {{l|orv|серебро}}
*** {{desc|be|серабро́}}
*** {{desc|ru|серебро́}}
*** {{desc|uk|серебро́}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|сьбро}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 古教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|сьрєбро}}, {{l|cu|сърєбро}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱄⱐⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ}}, {{l|cu|ⱄⱏⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ}}
*** {{desc|bg|сребро́}}
*** {{desc|ru|сребро́|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mk|сребро}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|срѐбро|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|srèbro|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|srebrọ̑}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|stříbro}}
** {{desc|csb|strzébro}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|śrzebro}}, {{l|zlw-opl|śrebro}}, {{l|zlw-opl|strzebro}}, {{l|zlw-opl|jrzebro}}
*** {{desc|pl|srebro}}
**** {{desc|be|срэ́бра|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|uk|срі́бло|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pox|srebrǘ}}
** {{desc|szl|strzybro}}
** {{desc|sk|striebro}}
*** {{desc|rue|стрі́бро|bor=1}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|slěbro}}
*** {{desc|dsb|slobro}}, {{l|dsb|slabro}}
{{bottom}}
====拓展阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|серебро}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|серебро|156|2}}
* {{R:bg:BER|сребро|410|7}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
{{topics|sla-pro|金屬}}
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==原始印歐語==
===詞源===
Hamp認爲派生自{{m|ine-pro|*péḱu}}<ref>{{cite-journal|last=Hamp|first=Eric|title=|journal=Indogermanische Forschungen|volume=85|year=1980|pages=35–42}}</ref>。
===名詞===
{{ine-noun|m}}
# {{topics|ine-pro|狗}} [[狗]]
====屈折====
{{ine-decl-noun-mf|ac=hysterokinetic|ḱwón|loc_sg=ḱwén, ḱwéni|ḱwn̥}}
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
** {{desc|hit|𒆪𒉿𒀸|tr=ku-wa-aš|ts=kuwaš}}, {{l|hit|𒆪𒉿𒈾𒀭|tr=ku-wa-na-an|ts=kuwanan|pos=acc.sg.}}
** {{desc|xlu|-}}
**: {{desc|xlu|tr=zúwa/in(i)-|sc=Hluw|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|xld|tr=kan-}}
* 亞美尼亞語:
** {{desc|xcl|շուն}}
*** {{desc|hy|շուն}}
** {{desc|xcl|սկունդ}} < {{m|ine-pro||*ḱwon-t-}}
* {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*śwṓ}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|}}
** {{desc|der=1|unc=1|sla-pro|*sǫka|t=母狗}} {{see desc}} < + {{l|sla-pro|*-ъka|*-kāˀ}}
* {{desc|cel-pro|*kū}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|gem-pro|*hundaz}} {{qual|< {{m|ine-pro||*ḱun-tós}}或{{m|ine-pro||*ḱwn̥-tós}}}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|grk-pro}}
** {{desc|grc|κύων}}
*** {{desc|el|κύων}}
* {{desc|iir-pro|*ćwā́}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|itc-pro|*kō}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|xpg|κύνας|pos=賓格複數}}
* {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*ku}} {{see desc}}
===拓展閲讀===
* {{R:Sihler 1995}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{af|sla-pro|*opъ|*-ica}},{{bor+|sla-pro|gem-pro|*apô|t=猿、猴}}。對照{{m|sla-pro|*vьlkъ}}、{{m|sla-pro|*vьlčica}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[猿]]、[[猴]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|ru|о́пица}}
* 南斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cu|опица}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|опица}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|òpica}}
** {{desc|sl|ọ̑pica}} {{lb|sl|tonal orthography}}
* 西斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cs|opice}}
** {{desc|pox|opó}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|opica}}
** {{desc|sk|opica}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|wopica}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|опица}}
{{c|sla-pro|靈長類}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
{{etymon|ine-pro|id=牛}}
===名詞===
{{ine-noun|m|g2=f}}<ref name="IEW">{{R:ine:IEW|head=g{{sup|u̯}}ou-|pages=482-483}}</ref><ref>{{R:gem:PIEPG|page=198}}</ref><ref name="NIL">{{R:ine:NIL|pages=189ff.}}</ref>
# {{topics|ine-pro|牛}} [[牛]]
====詞形變化====
{{ine-decl-noun-mf|ac=acrostatic|nom_sg=gʷṓws|gʷów|gʷéw}}
====重構註釋====
雖然此詞有廣泛的證據,但沒有e級(''*gʷéw-'')的痕跡(除了可能在印度-伊朗語的斜格詞幹''gav-''中,因為缺乏[[w:en:Brugmann's law|布魯格曼定律]]),這令人意外。因此,為了將其與詞幹{{m|ine-pro|*gʷeh₃-|t=放牧}}({{m|grc|βόσκω}})連接,有些學者將其重構為[[w:Proto-Indo-European_nominals#Athematic_accent/ablaut_classes|前置動態]]u-詞幹{{m|ine-pro||*gʷéh₃-u-s}}。<ref name="NIL"/><ref name="Kroonen">{{R:gem:EDPG|head=PGm. *kō- ~ *kū- f. 'cow'}}</ref>
====替代重構====
* {{l|ine-pro||*gʷéh₃-u-s ~ *gʷh₃-éw-s}}<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|page=74}}</ref>
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ine-pro||*gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s|t=牛仔,牧牛者}} {{qual|+ {{m|ine-pro|*kʷel-|*kʷelh₁-|t=轉彎、轉圈、轉身}}}}<ref name="IEW" />
** {{desc|cel-pro|*boukolyos}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*gʷoukólos}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*gʷówyos|*gʷów-yo-s}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*gʷow-wr̥sen-|t=雄牛、公牛}}<ref>{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=kauᵤrṣe|pages=222-223}}</ref>
** {{desc|sa|गोवृष}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*kauwärṣän}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*ḱm̥tógʷus|*ḱm̥tó-gʷu-s}} {{qual|與{{m|ine-pro|*ḱm̥tóm|t=100}}的雙詞複合詞}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sqj-pro|*gau}}
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*gauka|der=1}}
*** {{desc|sq|gak|gloss=野豬}}
* {{desc|sqj-pro|*kē}} (來自較早的{{m|sqj-pro|*kʷē}}) {{qual|來自不同印歐語言的早期借詞}}
** {{desc|sq|ka|gloss=牛}}
* {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
** {{desc|xlu|-}}
**: {{desc|xlu|𔑺𔗬𔗔|tr={{sup|BOS}}wa/i-s(a)|ts=wawas|sc=Hluw|sclang=1}}
* 亞美尼亞語:
** {{desc|xcl|կով}}
* {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*gaw-|*gōw-}}
** {{desc|ltg|gūvs}}
** {{desc|lv|govs}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*govędo|der=1}} < {{m|ine-pro||*gʷew-n̥d-}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*gumьno|der=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|sla-pro|*gavęzь|der=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|cel-pro|*bāus}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|gem-pro|*kōz}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|grk-pro|*gʷous}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|iir-pro|*gā́wš}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|itc-pro|*gʷōs}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|txh|bonassos|sc=Latn}} (可能)
* {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*kew-}} <ref>{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=keᵤ|pages=201-202}}</ref> {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ine-toc-pro}}
** {{desc|txb|kaiyye}}<ref>{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=kaiyye|page=214}}</ref>
* {{desc|qfa-yen-pro|*kus|bor=1|der=1|t=馬}}
** {{desc|mis-xnu|駃騠|tr=*kʷeːd.deː|ts=*kuti}}<ref>{{cite-journal|last1=Vovin|first1=Alexander|year=2000|title=Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41928223|journal=Central Asiatic Journal|volume=44|issue=1|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag}}</ref>
===參考文獻===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{cite-journal|work=[https://jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/orient/list/-char/en Orient]|volume=[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/24/0/24_0_47/_article 24]|year=1988|author=[https://gyoseki.kyoto-su.ac.jp/ktsuhp/KgApp?kyoinId=ymemgigoggy Oshiro, Terumasa]|title=[https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/24/0/24_0_47/_pdf/-char/ja#page=4 Some Luwian words of Indo-European origin]|page=50|passage=(7) ox (482)}}
8vdfyuf0yohnm0ygi35ctr1jr8azvao
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*kazati}}。
===其他形式===
* {{alter|cu|ⰽⰰⰸⰰⱅⰻ||格拉哥里字母}}
===动词===
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# [[展示]]
# [[教導]],[[指示]]
# [[懲罰]]
#* 《亞希卡爾故事》
#*: {{quote|cu|биѥ раби мои и каꙁньми великамии каꙁаше ихь.}}
====變位====
{{cu-conj-present|кажѫ|каже}}
====衍生词汇====
{{top3}}
* {{l|cu|казаниѥ}}
* {{l|cu|казатель}}
* {{l|cu|казнити}}
* {{l|cu|казнь}}
* {{l|cu|накажа}}
* {{l|cu|наказаниѥ}}
* {{l|cu|наказати}}
* {{l|cu|ненаказанъ}}
* {{l|cu|оуказаниѥ}}
* {{l|cu|оуказати}}
* {{l|cu|показаниѥ}}
* {{l|cu|показатель}}
* {{l|cu|показати}}
* {{l|cu|съказаниѥ}}
* {{l|cu|съказати}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|казаться|показать}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ка́зати|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kázati|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|sl|kazati}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* Андрей Бояджиев, ''Старобългарска читанка'', София, 2016.
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*kazati}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sh|/kǎːzati/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ка|за|ти}}
===动词===
{{sh-verb|ка́зати|pf}}
# {{lb|sh|ambitransitive}} [[說]];[[稱]]
#* {{quote-song|1=sh|year=2007|lyricist=Saša Milošević Mare|composer={{w|lang=en|Vladimir Graić}}|publisher=Connective Records|artist={{w|玛丽亚·舍里福维奇|Marija Šerifović}}|title=Molitva|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSueQN1QvV4|text=Ал' Богу не могу<br/>Лагати све док се молим,<br/>А лажем ако '''кажем'''<br/>Да те не волим|t=我祈禱時不能對上帝說謊,<br/>但如果'''我說'''我不愛你,那就是我在說謊}}
#: {{ux|sh|Шта је '''казао''' јуче?|他昨天'''說'''了什麼?|inline=1}}
# {{lb|sh|ambitransitive}} [[聲明]],[[宣佈]]
# {{lb|sh|ambitransitive}} (用手等)[[指明]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|p.va=ка́за̄вши
|pr.1s=кажем
|pr.2s=кажеш
|pr.3s=каже
|pr.1p=кажемо
|pr.2p=кажете
|pr.3p=кажу
|f1.hr=казат
|f1.stem=каза
|a.1s=казах
|a.2s=каза
|a.3s=каза
|a.1p=казасмо
|a.2p=казасте
|a.3p=казаше
|impt.2s=кажи
|impt.1p=кажимо
|impt.2p=кажите
|app.ms=казао
|app.fs=казала
|app.ns=казало
|app.mp=казали
|app.fp=казале
|app.np=казала
|ppp.ms=казан
|ppp.fs=казана
|ppp.ns=казано
|ppp.mp=казани
|ppp.fp=казане
|ppp.np=казана
}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|sh
|дока́зати
|иска́зати
|пока́зати
|потка́зати
|прика́зати
|прока́зати
|ука́зати
|зака́зати}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sh|кази́вати|g=impf}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sh:HJP|el1iXxY%3D}}
==乌克兰语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|uk|orv|казати}},源自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*kazati}}。最终源自{{inh|uk|ine-pro|*kʷeǵ-}}。
===发音===
* {{uk-IPA|каза́ти}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|音频}}
===动词===
{{uk-verb|каза́ти|impf|pf=сказа́ти}}
# {{lb|uk|及物}} [[說]],[[稱]]
# {{lb|uk|及物}} [[命令]]
# {{lb|uk|及物|比喻}} [[指示]],[[指明]]
====變位====
{{uk-conj|каза́ти<6c.impf.tr.ppp>}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3|uk|title=帶前綴動詞
|{{l|uk|підказа́ти|g=pf}}
|{{l|uk|показа́ти|g=pf}}
|{{l|uk|розказа́ти|g=pf}}
}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:uk:ESUM|vol=II|page=340}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
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{{also|पाणि}}
==比拉里語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|bhi|pra-sau|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|bhi|sa|पानीय}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|bhi|/pɑɳi/}}
===名詞===
{{head|bhi|名詞|tr=pāṇī}}
# [[水]]
===延伸閱讀===
* John Mathews, Samuvel Nelson, Kishore Kumar Vunnamatla, ''[https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/50/91/45/50914527050818828528449269667838463954/silesr2012_002.pdf The Nimadi-speaking people of Madhya Pradesh: A sociolinguistic profile]'' (2012, SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2012-002: 176), page 66
{{c|bhi|水}}
==康格里語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|xnr}}
===名詞===
{{head|xnr|名詞}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* Robert Eaton, ''[http://cid-dbbf0de21a97542c.skydrive.live.com/self.aspx/Kangri/Kangri%20in%20Context%20%7C5Final%7C6.pdf Kangri in Context]'': ''Linguistic Description of Kangri in comparison with Hindi and Dogri'' (2008 dissertation from UT Arlington), page 145
{{c|xnr|水}}
==馬爾瓦語==
===詞源===
{{root|mup|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{root|mup|sa|पा}}
{{inh+|mup|inc-ogu|पाणी}},{{inh+|mup|pra-sau|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|mup|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|mup|/pɑ.ɳi/}}
* {{hyph|mup|पा|णी}}
===名詞===
{{mup-noun|g=f}}
# [[水]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:mup:Webonary}}
* John Mathews, Samuvel Nelson, Kishore Kumar Vunnamatla, ''[http://www.sil.org/silesr/2012/silesr2012-002_ESR354_Nimadi.pdf The Nimadi-speaking people of Madhya Pradesh: A sociolinguistic profile]'' (2012, SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2012-002: 176), page 66
* {{R:mup:Rajpurohit|210|section=पा|column=1}}
{{c|mup|水}}
==馬拉地語==
{{swp|lang=mr}}
===詞源===
{{root|mr|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{root|mr|sa|पा}}
{{inh+|mr|omr|𑘢𑘰𑘜𑘲}},{{inh+|mr|pra-mah|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|mr|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya||水,飲料}}。
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|tr=pāṇī|g=n}}
# [[水]]
#: {{syn|mr|जल}}
====變格====
{{mr-noun-i-n|पाण|pāṇ|पाणी|pāṇi}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:mr:Berntsen}}
* {{R:mr:Molesworth}}
* {{R:mr:Date}}
* {{R:CDIAL|pg=8082|pāṇĭ̄a}}
{{c|mr|水}}
==馬瓦里語==
===詞源===
{{root|mwr|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{root|mwr|sa|पा}}
{{inh+|mwr|inc-ogu|पाणी}},{{inh+|mwr|pra-sau|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|mwr|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya}}。
===名詞===
{{head|mwr|名詞|g=m}}
# [[水]]
#: {{syn|mwr|आब|जल}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:mwr:Webonary}}
* {{R:CDIAL|pg=8082|pāṇĭ̄a}}
{{c|mwr|水}}
==尼馬迪語==
===詞源===
{{root|noe|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{root|noe|sa|पा}}
{{inh+|noe|inc-ogu|पाणी}},{{inh+|noe|pra-sau|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|noe|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya}}。
===名詞===
{{noe-noun|g=m}}
# [[水]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:noe:Chaturvedi:2009|222|section=पा|column=1}}
* John Mathews, Samuvel Nelson, Kishore Kumar Vunnamatla, ''[https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/50/91/45/50914527050818828528449269667838463954/silesr2012_002.pdf The Nimadi-speaking people of Madhya Pradesh: A sociolinguistic profile]'' (2012, SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2012-002: 176), page 66
* {{R:CDIAL|pg=8082|pāṇĭ̄a}}
{{c|noe|水}}
==古古吉拉特語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-ogu|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{root|inc-ogu|sa|पा}}
{{inh+|inc-ogu|pra-sau|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅}},{{inh+|inc-ogu|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya}}。和{{cog|omr|𑘢𑘰𑘜𑘲}}、{{cog|inc-ohi|पांनी}}、{{cog|inc-opa|ਪਾਣੀ}}、{{cog|inc-mbn|পানী}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{inc-ogu-noun|g=n}}
# [[水]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gju|پاݩِی|tr=pāṇī}}
* {{desc|inc-mgu|पाण}}
** {{desc|gu|પાણી}}
* {{desc|mup|पाणी}}
* {{desc|mwr|-}}
*: {{desc|mwr|पाणी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅨𑅢𑅑|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|noe|पाणी}}
* {{desc|saz|ꢦꢥꢶ}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:CDIAL|pg=8082|pāṇĭ̄a}}
{{c|inc-ogu|水}}
nfoi8f5c0i674i89w7n8r72a06dvwl7
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
[[File:Saïque turc en mer (début XVIIIème siècle).jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|قایق}}|upright=1.6]]
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*kiayguk|t=舟;槳}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=kayık}}
# [[舟]],[[船]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|قایقجی|tr=kayıkçı|t=[[船夫]]}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|kayık}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|խայեխ|խայըխ|կայեղ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|cãicie|alt=căíḱe|cãicã|alt2=căícă}}
* {{desc|bg|каи́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|καΐκι|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|it|caicco|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|kaik|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|ru|каи́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ка̀ӣк|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kàīk|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:rup:Polenaković|page=97|entry=319. CǍÍЌE sb. f. pl. cǎiќi (Pascu), CǍÍCǍ}}
{{topics|ota|船}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|fa|trk|}}。对比{{cog|az|qayıq}}、{{cog|kk|қайық}}、{{cog|tr|kayık}}、{{cog|tk|gaýyk}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|fa|/ɢɒːˈjeɣ/}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=qâyeq|pl=قایقها|pltr=qâyeq-hâ}}
# [[舟]],[[船]]
====近义词====
* {{l|fa|بلم|tr=balam}}
* {{l|fa|زورق|tr=zowraq}}
* {{l|fa|کرجی|tr=karaji}}
* {{l|fa|لتکا|tr=lotkâ}}、{{l|fa|لتکه|tr=lotke}}
* {{l|fa|کرو|tr=kerow}}
* {{l|fa|طراده|tr=tarrâde}}
* {{l|fa|قارب|tr=qâreb}}
* {{l|fa|ناوچه|tr=nâvce}}
* {{l|fa|غراب|tr=ğorâb}}
{{topics|fa|船}}
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{{also|combinó|combinò}}
==阿斯圖里亞斯語==
===動詞===
{{head|ast|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|ast|combinar||1|s|pres|ind}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|combinar}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{gl-verb form of|combinar}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|combìno}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|combinare||1|s|pres|ind}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=bcimnoo|Comboni|incombo}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
晚期或後古典時期拉丁語。源自 {{prefix|la|con|[[binus|bīnī]]}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|combīnō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|combīnō}}
# [[組合]];[[聯合]]
#: {{ant|la|dīvidō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|combīnō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|combīnātus}}
* {{l|la|combīnātiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|combinar}}
* {{desc|frm|combiner|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|combiner}}
*** {{desc|ht|konbine}}
** {{desc|en|combine|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pl|kombinować|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|combinar}}
* {{desc|it|combinare}}
* {{desc|oc|combinar}}
* {{desc|pt|combinar}}
* {{desc|ro|combina}}
* {{desc|scn|cumminari}}
* {{desc|es|combinar}}
* {{desc|da|kombinere|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|combineren|bor=1}}
** {{desc|af|kombineer|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|combinate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|kombinieren|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ru|комбинировать|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|コンバイン|bor=1}}
* {{desc|no|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nb|kombinere|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nn|kombinere|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|комбиновати|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kombinovati|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sv|kombinera|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhyme|pt|inu|ĩnu|q2=巴西|s=3}}
* {{hyph|pt|com|bi|no}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|combinar}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|combinar}}
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{{reconstruction}}
==原始突厥語==
===名词===
{{head|trk-pro|名詞}}
# [[秋季]] {{C|trk-pro|季節}}
====变格====
{{trk-pro-decl-noun|ö}}
====派生語彙====
* 烏古爾語支
** {{desc|cv|кӗр}}
* {{desc|trk-cmn|*kǖz}}
{{top4}}
* 烏古斯語支
** {{desc|trk-oat|}}
*** {{desctree|ota|گوز|id=autumn|tr=güz}}
*** {{desc|az|güz}}、{{desc|az|küz|nolang=1}} {{qual|方言}}、{{desc|az|güzəm|t=秋天割的羊毛|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|tk|güýz}}
** {{desc|slr|guz}}
* 葛邏祿語支
** {{desc|xqa|کُزْ|tr=küz}}
*** {{desc|chg|گوز|tr=güz}}
**** {{desc|uz|kuz}}
**** {{desc|ug|كۈز}}
* 欽察語支
** {{desc|qwm|kuzin}} {{qual|庫曼尼庫斯法典}}
** 北欽察語支
*** {{desc|ba|көҙ}}
*** {{desc|tt|көз}}
** 西欽察語支
*** {{desc|crh|küz}}
*** {{desc|krc|кюз арты}} {{qual|巴爾卡爾}}
*** {{desc|kum|гюз}}
** 東欽察語支
*** {{desc|alt|кӱс}}
*** 鐵列烏特語:{{l|alt|кӱс}}
*** {{desc|ky|күз}}
** 南欽察語支
*** {{desc|nog|куьз}}
*** {{desc|kaa|күз}}
*** {{desc|kk|күз}}
* 西伯利亞語支
** {{desc|otk|𐰚𐰇𐰔𐰤|tr=küzin|der=1}}
*** 北西伯利亞語支
**** {{desc|sah|күһүн|der=1}}
**** {{desc|dlg|күһүн|der=1}}
*** 南西伯利亞語支
**** 薩彥突厥語
***** {{desc|tyv|күс}}
***** {{desc|kim|күс}}
**** 葉尼塞突厥語
***** {{desc|kjh|кӱскӱ|der=1}}
***** {{desc|cjs|кӱскӱ|der=1}}
***** {{desc|ybe|kuz}}
{{bottom}}
===参见===
{{table:seasons/trk-pro}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:trk:Clauson|page=757}}
* {{R:TMN|vol=IV|page=4}}
* {{R:trk:VEWT|page=312}}
* {{R:trk:ESTJa|vol=III|page=94-95}}
* {{R:SIGTYA|page=75}}
* {{R:trk-pro:SDM|*gǖŕ|277}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
早期作 {{m|sla-pro||*līpsā}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*leipśā}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂ulp-}} ~ {{m|ine-pro|*h₂wl(o)p-||赤狐}}。波羅的語族同源詞包括{{cog|lv|lapsa||狐狸}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|head=*lisa|f}}
# {{topics|sla-pro|犬科動物}} [[狐狸]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisatъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisavъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisica}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisinъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisiti}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisovъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lisъka}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支
** {{desc|be|ліса́}}
** {{desc|uk|ли́са}}
** {{desc|zle-mru|лиса|sc=Cyrs}} {{qual|17世紀}}
*** {{desc|ru|лиса́}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|лиса}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⰾⰺⱄⰰ|sc=Glag}}
** {{desc|bg|ли́са}}; {{l|bg|ли́съ|tr=lísǎ}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|mk|лиса}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫語支
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|lisa|||}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|lïsa}}
{{bottom}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*lisa I|137|15}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|279|*lisa|m. ā ‘fox’}}
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===词源1===
{{dercat|cu|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
源自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*plakati}}。與{{cog|la|plango}}同源。
====动词====
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# {{lb|cu|自反}} [[哭]]
# {{lb|cu|自反}} [[哀悼]]
#* ''Vita Methodii'', 1701300-1701330:
#*: {{quote|cu|людии же бещисльнъ народъ събьравъ сѧ проважаахоу съ свѣщами, '''плачꙇоуще сѧ''' добра оучителѧ и пастꙑрѧ.|无数人聚集在一起,举着蜡烛陪伴着他,'''哀悼'''他们的好老师、好牧人。}}
=====變位=====
{{cu-conj-present-refl|плачѫ|плаче}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|плакать}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|пла̏кати|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|plȁkati|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|bg|плача}}
{{bottom}}
====参考资料====
* [http://histdict.uni-sofia.bg/dictionary/show/d_06416 плакати (сѧ)] in ''Исторически речник на Българския език'', Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
===词源2===
源自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*polkati}}。
====动词====
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# [[洗]]
=====用法说明=====
* 僅以 {{l|cu||плакаахѫ}} 的形式存在。
====参考资料====
* [http://histdict.uni-sofia.bg/dictionary/show/d_06415 плакати] in ''Исторически речник на Българския език'', Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:cu:SS||448}}
* {{R:cu:SJS||46|3}}
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
===词源===
{{root|sh|ine-pro|*pleh₂k-}}
源自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*plakati}},源自{{inh|sh|ine-bsl-pro|*plā́ˀktei}},源自{{inh|sh|ine-pro||*pléh₂k-ye-ti}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sh|/plâkati/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|пла|ка|ти}}
===动词===
{{sh-verb|пла̏кати|impf}}
# {{lb|sh|ambitransitive}} [[哭]]
#: {{ux|sh|'''Плачимо''', '''плачимо''' у тишини.|'''哭吧''',沉默地'''哭吧'''。|inline=1}}
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|pr.va=пла̏чӯћи
|vn=пла̏ка̄ње
|pr.1s=плачем
|pr.2s=плачеш
|pr.3s=плаче
|pr.1p=плачемо
|pr.2p=плачете
|pr.3p=плачу
|f1.hr=плакат
|f1.stem=плака
|impf.1s=плаках
|impf.2s=плакаше
|impf.3s=плакаше
|impf.1p=плакасмо
|impf.2p=плакасте
|impf.3p=плакаху
|impt.2s=плачи
|impt.1p=плачимо
|impt.2p=плачите
|app.ms=плакао
|app.fs=плакала
|app.ns=плакало
|app.mp=плакали
|app.fp=плакале
|app.np=плакала
}}
====衍生词汇====
{{top2}}
* {{l|sh|ѝсплакати}}
* {{l|sh|о̀плакати}}
* {{l|sh|по̀плакати}}
{{mid2}}
* {{l|sh|про̀плакати}}
* {{l|sh|ра̀сплакати}}
* {{l|sh|за̀плакати}}
{{bottom}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sh|плач}}
* {{l|sh|плачљив}}
* {{l|sh|плачан}}
* {{l|sh|плачко}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sh:HJP|eV1lXhg%3D}}
==乌克兰语==
===词源1===
{{dercat|uk|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
源自{{inh|uk|orv|плакати}},源自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*plakati}}。
====发音====
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|音频}}
* {{uk-IPA|пла́кати}}
====动词====
{{uk-verb|пла́кати|impf|pf=попла́кати}}
# [[哭]]
# [[分泌]]
# {{lb|uk|figuratively|口语}} [[抱怨]]
# {{lb|uk|figuratively|口语}} [[融化]]
=====變位=====
{{uk-conj|пла́кати<6a.impf.intr>}}
=====衍生词汇=====
{{der2|uk
|па́лиця пла́че
|пла́кали гро́ші
|тюрма́ пла́че
|хоч плач
}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:uk:ESUM|vol=IV|page=424}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
===词源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====发音====
* {{uk-IPA|плака́ти}}
====名词====
{{head|uk|名詞變格形|head=плака́ти}}
# {{inflection of|uk|плака́т||nom|p}}
# {{inflection of|uk|плака́т||acc|p}}
# {{inflection of|uk|плака́т||voc|p}}
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{{also|Appendix:"ndi"的變體}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==齊切瓦語==
===連詞===
{{head|ny|連詞}}
# [[和]],[[與]],[[跟]]
==多格里布語==
===名詞===
{{head|dgr|名詞}}
# [[島]],[[島嶼]]
==富拉語==
===助詞===
{{head|ff|助詞}}
# {{non-gloss definition|(單數)名詞類別標誌詞}}
====用法說明====
* {{U:ff:common}}
===冠詞===
{{head|ff|冠詞}}
# [[定冠詞]],跟在 ''ndi'' 類名詞後面
#: {{coi|ff|Lacciri '''ndi'''|古斯米}}
====用法說明====
* {{U:ff:common}}
===限定詞===
{{head|ff|限定詞}}
# {{qualifier|用於指示 ''ndi'' 類名詞}}
#: {{coi|ff|'''Ndi''' lacciri|這個/那個古斯米}}
====用法說明====
* {{U:ff:common}}
==巴拉圭瓜拉尼語==
===連詞===
{{head|gug|連詞}}
# [[和]],[[與]],[[跟]],[[同]]
==科欣語==
===名詞===
{{head|kid|名詞}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* R. Blench, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201117141934/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Beboid/General/Beboid%20composite.pdf Beboid Comparative]''
==納瓦霍語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|nv|nidi}}
===連詞===
{{head|nv|連詞}}
# [[但是]],[[即使]],[[就算]]
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{head|rif|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} 下[[圈套]],設[[陷阱]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[誘捕]]
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[活躍]];[[活潑]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|ndey|ndey|ndiy|neddey|neddey}}
====衍生詞====
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|anday|t=伏擊;下圈套}}
* {{l|rif|tisenditct|t=陷阱,圈套}}
==托羅語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ttj|bnt-cmn|*-ndí}},{{m+|bnt-pro|*-ngí||其他|w=1}} 的異體。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ttj|/ndi/}}
===限定詞===
{{head|ttj|限定詞|head=-ndi}}
# [[其他]]的 {{gl|不定指}},[[另外]]的 {{gl|定指}}
#: {{syn|ttj|ndiijo|alt1=-ndiijo|q1=罕用}}
#: {{uxi|ttj|omuntu '''ondi'''|'''其他'''人;'''另一個'''人}}
====屈折====
{{ttj-decl-pron-aug|18=false}}
===參考資料===
# {{R:ttj:Kaji:2007|page=436}}
# {{R:bnt:BLR|942}}
==壯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|za|tai-pro|*ɗɤjᴬ||[[好]]}}。與{{cog|th|ดี}},{{cog|nod|ᨯᩦ|tr=di}},{{cog|lo|ດີ}},{{cog|khb|ᦡᦲ}},{{cog|shn|လီ}},{{cog|aho|𑜓𑜣}}、{{m|aho|𑜃𑜣}}或{{m|aho|𑜑𑜣}},{{cog|pcc|ndil}}同源。
===发音===
* {{za-pron}}
===形容詞===
{{za-head|形容詞|𮥷|𠻗|⿰离美|⿱央立|利|离|𱙜|俐}}
# {{lb|za|方言}} [[好]];[[美好]]
===參見===
* {{l|za|ndei}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:za:GZZZD}}
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{{also|Marinus}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{affix|la|mare|t1=海|-īnus}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|marīnus}}
===形容词===
{{la-adj|marīnus}}
# [[海洋]]的
====变格====
{{la-adecl|marīnus}}
====近义词====
* {{l|la|aequoreus}}、{{l|la|caeruleus}}、{{l|la|maritimus}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|la|Sānctus Marīnus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|marín}}
* {{desc|ca|marí}}
* {{desc|en|marine}}
* {{desc|fr|marin}}
* {{desc|gl|mariño|mariña}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|it|marino}}
* {{desc|oc|marin}}
* {{desc|pt|marinho}}、{{desc|pt|marino|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ro|marin}}
* {{desc|es|marino}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
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==古希腊语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|grc|ἁγεμών||Doric}}
* {{alter|grc|ἁγίμων||Aeolic}}
* {{alter|grc|ἡγήτωρ||Epic}}
===词源===
源自{{affix|grc|ἡγέομαι|t1=带领|-μων}}。
===发音===
{{grc-IPA}}
===名词===
{{grc-noun|ἡγεμόνος|m|third}}
# 领头人,走在最前面的人
# (奥德赛)[[向导]]
# [[领导者]]
# [[统治者]]
====变位====
{{grc-decl|ἡγεμών|ἡγεμόνος|form=MF}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col3|grc|ἡγεμόνευμα|ἡγεμονεύς|ἡγεμονεύω|ἡγεμόνη|ἡγεμονίᾱ|ἡγεμονικός|ἡγεμόνιος|ἡγεμονίς|ἡγεμόσυνα}}
====相关词汇====
{{col2|grc|ἡγητήρ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|el|ηγεμόνας}}
* → 亚拉姆语:
** {{desc|syc|ܗܝܓܡܘܢܐ|tr=hêḡmōnāʾ}}
* {{desc|cop|ϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|hegemon|bor=1}}
* {{desc|he|הֶגְמוֹן|tr=heḡmôn|bor=1}}
* → 中古波斯语:
*: {{desc|pal|𐭧𐭩𐭪𐭬𐭥𐭭|tr=hykmwn|ts=hēgimōn|sclang=1}} {{qual|希腊-罗马政治家的头衔}}
*:{{desc|xpr|𐭇𐭉𐭊𐭌𐭅𐭍|ts=hēgemōn|tr=hykmwn|sclang=1}} {{qual|希腊-罗马政治家的头衔}}
*:{{desc|xpr|𐫍𐫏𐫃𐫖𐫇𐫗 |ts=hēgemōn|sclang=1|t=统治者}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xcl|հեգեմոն|հոգեմոն}}
* {{desc|cu|игемонъ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|гегемо́н|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:grc:LSJ}}
* {{R:grc:Middle Liddell}}
* {{R:grc:Autenrieth}}
* {{R:grc:Bailly}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
* {{R:Cunliffe}}
* {{R:Strong's|G|2232}}
* {{R:grc:Woodhouse}}
{{c|grc|領導人}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{onomatopoeic|sla-pro}}。<ref>http://www.epublishing.cz/co-se-jen-tak-rika-prijit-na-buben</ref><ref name="Derksen"/> 等價於 {{affix|sla-pro|*bǫbati|*-ьnъ}}。
對照{{cog|grc|βόμβος||嗡嗡聲}}、{{cog|la|bombus||嗡嗡聲}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*bǫ̀bьnъ|m}}<ref name="Derksen">{{R:sla:EDSIL|60|*bǫbьnъ|m. o ‘drum’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:DPSQ|page=8|passage=*bǫ̑bьnъ}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|bǫbьnъ|''a'' (PR 131)}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=bọ̑ben|passage=Pslovan. *bǫ̋bьnъ}}</ref>
# {{lb|sla-pro|樂器}} [[鼓]]
====其他形式====
* {{alter|sla-pro|*bǫbьňь}}
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=a}}
====衍生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*bǫbьniti||打鼓}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*bǫbati||猛擊}} <!-- whence pl. bąbać/bombać, slv. bumbati -->
* {{l|sla-pro|*bǫbarъ||大黃蜂,甲蟲}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|orv|бубьнъ}}
*** {{desctree|ru|бу́бен}}
* 南斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cu|бѫбьнъ}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|бу̑бањ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|bȗbanj|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|bọ̑bən}}
* 西斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|cs|buben}}
** {{desc|pl|bęben}}
** {{desc|szl|bymbyn}}
** {{desc|sk|bubon}}
{{bottom}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|бубен}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*bǫbьnъ/*bǫbьno|232|2}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{also|Mandarine|mandarinë}}
==英语==
===名词===
{{en-noun}}
# {{alternative spelling of|en|mandarin||橘子}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aadeimnnr|meandrian|meandrina}}
==法语==
===词源===
{{m|fr|[[orange]] [[mandarine]]}} 的名詞化,源自{{der|fr|pt|mandarim}}。
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|fr|in}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-mandarine.ogg|音频}}
===名词===
{{fr-noun|f}}
# [[橘子]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fr|mandarinier}}
* {{l|fr|crème de mandarine}}
====派生語彙====
部分語言的拼寫可能來自葡萄牙語 {{l|pt|mandarim}},但意思是來自法語。
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|mandarinë}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|մանդարին}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eu|mandarina}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|мандарын}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|мандарина}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|mandarina}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|mandarinka}} {{i|帶指小後綴 {{l|cs|-ka}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|mandarijn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|mandariin}} {{i|也可能來自葡萄牙語 {{l|pt|mandarim}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|mandariini}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|mandarina}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Mandarine}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|μανταρίνι}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|мандарин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|мандарина}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nds|Mandarien}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mi|manarini}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|ماندارین|tr=mândârin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|mandarynka}} {{i|帶指小後綴 {{l|pl|-ka}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|mandarină}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|мандарин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|мандарина|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|mandarina|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|mandarínka}} {{i|帶指小後綴 {{l|sl|-ka}}}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|mandarina}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tg|мандарин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|мандарин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|mandarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|wo|màndarin}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|מאַנדאַרין}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
{{c|fr|果實}}
==意大利语==
===形容词===
{{head|it|形容詞變格形|g=f-p}}
# {{adj form of|it|mandarino||f|p}}
===名词===
{{head|it|名詞變格形|g=f-p}}
# {{plural of|it|mandarina}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aadeimnnr|mandriane}}
k0gg9mogy5e5diz8id5zocwbjvl8oep
قونشولق
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|قومشولق|tr1=komşuluk}}
===詞源===
源自 {{m|ota|قونشو|tr=konşu}} + {{m|ota|ـلق|tr=-luk}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=konşuluk, komşuluk}}
# [[鄰居]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|komşuluk}}
* {{desc|bg|комшулу́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|комшѝлук}}
*: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|komšìluk}}
pqwiiwvsvhoiy3bhc7ncqkoys51s0q0
قاشیق
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|قاشق|tr1=kaşık}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-oat|قاشق|tr=qašuq, qašıq}},{{inh+|ota|trk-pro|*kaĺuk|t=勺子}},同時為 {{m|ota|قاش|tr=kaş|t=眉;指環夾套;木碗,小碟子}} 的指小詞。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=kaşık}}
# [[勺子]],[[湯匙]]
====衍生詞彙====
* {{l|ota|قاشیقجی|tr=kaşıkcı|t=勺子的製造者或銷售者}}
* {{l|ota|قاشقجین|tr=kaşıkcın|t=北方琵嘴鴨;鵜鶘}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|kaşık}}
* {{desc|ayl|كاشيك|tr=kāšīk|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|cașică|bor=1}} {{qualifier|rare}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ка̀шика|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kàšika|sclang=1}}
{{c|ota|餐具}}
t77suihmei06yt2cpvo0n8na4ucy7we
medicus
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==荷兰语==
{{wikipedia|lang=nl}}
===词源===
{{root|nl|ine-pro|*med-}}
源自{{inh|nl|dum|medicus}},借自{{der|nl|la|medicus}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˈmeː.diˌkʏs/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-medicus.ogg|音频}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|me|di|cus}}
===名词===
{{nl-noun|m|medici|+|f=medica}}
# [[醫生]]
====近义词====
* {{l|nl|arts}}
* {{l|nl|dokter}}
* {{l|nl|geneesheer}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|af|medikus}}
{{c|nl|職業}}
==拉丁语==
===词源 1===
源自{{affix|la|medeor|t1=治療|-icus}}。
====发音====
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
====形容词====
{{la-adj|medicus}}
# [[治療]]的,[[醫療]]的
# [[魔法]]的
=====变格=====
{{la-adecl|medicus}}
====名词====
{{la-noun|medicus<2>}}
# [[醫生]]
#: {{ux|la|Nuper erat '''medicus''', nunc est vespillo Diaulus: <br> quod vespillo facit, fecerat et '''medicus'''.|迪亚鲁斯不久前是医生,现在他是送葬者。送葬者现在做的事,'''医生'''以前也做过。|ref={{w|馬提亞爾}} I.xlvii}}
# [[藥]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|medicus<2>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|medica}}
* {{l|la|medicīnus}}
* {{l|la|medicō}}
* {{l|la|medicor}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|dlm|medco}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|medico|Medici}}
** {{desc|scn|medicu}}
* 帕達尼亞:
** {{desc|fur|miedi}}
** {{desc|lij|mêgo|miégo}}
** {{desc|rm|medi|miedi|meidi}}
** {{desc|vec|medego|miedego}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|mêjo}}
** {{desc|fro|mege|miege|mirie|mire}}
*** {{desc|fr|mège|meige|mire}} {{qual|均已屬古舊用法}}
** {{desc|wa|méde}}
{{mid2}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|metge}}
** {{desc|oc|mètge}}
* 島嶼羅曼語:
** {{desc|sc|medicu|meicu|megu|meigu}}
* 古代借詞:
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*mʲeðək|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sq|mjek}}
** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*meðɨg|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|br|mezeg}}
*** {{desc|kw|medhek}}
*** {{desc|cy|meddyg}}
* 古典借詞:
** {{desc|rup|medicu|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ast|médicu|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nl|medicus|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|medic|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pl|medyk|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|médico|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|medic|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ru|медик|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|médico|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===词源 2===
{{affix|la|Mēdus|t1=[[米底]]|-icus}}
====其他形式====
* {{alter|la|Mēdicus}}
====形容词====
{{la-adj|mēdicus}}
# [[米底語]]的
=====变格=====
{{la-adecl|mēdicus}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|la-vul|*melica|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|melca}}、{{desc|ca|melga|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|gl|melga}}
** {{desc|es|mielga}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{C|la|職業|男人}}
34jcz1i1k5j31iq3bpqdiq1bw3ec5br
Deus
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{{also|deus|déus}}
==加利西亚语==
===词源===
源自古加利西亞語及{{inh|gl|roa-opt|Deus}},源自{{inh|gl|la|Deus}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|gl|[ˈdews]}}
===专有名词===
{{gl-proper noun|m}}
# {{lb|gl|基督教}} [[神]],[[上帝]]
#* '''1775''', María Francisca Isla y Losada, ''Romance'':
#*: ''Sòs mentes en '''Deus''' do Céo,''
#*: ''agarimo podo achàr,''
#*: ''pois cuitadiña de min;''
#*: ''já non teño Pay, nin Nay!''
===参考资料===
* {{R:gl:DDGM}}
* {{R:gl:CX}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
==拉丁语==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
===词源===
源自{{m|la|deus||神}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes|vul=1}}
===专有名词===
{{la-proper noun|Deus<irreg>|g=m}}
# {{qual|一神教的}} [[神]],[[上帝]]
#* {{Q|la|Tertullian|Adversus Marcionem|1|29|8|quote=Gratus esses, o '''dee''' haeretice, si isses in dispositionem Creatoris|t=}}
#* {{Q|la|Jerome|Vulgate|Genesis|28|13|quote=Ego sum Dominus '''Deus''' Abraham patris tui et '''Deus''' Isaac|t=我是耶和華,你祖亞伯拉罕的'''神''',也是以撒的'''神'''}}
#* {{Q|la|Jerome|Vulgate|Psalmi|29|3|quote=Domine '''Deus''' meus, clamavi ad te et sanasti me|t=耶和華我的'''神'''啊,我曾呼求你,你醫治了我|notes=現代排序為 30:2}}
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|Deus<2.sg>|voc_sg=Deus}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|Agnus Dei}}
* {{l|la|Opus Dei}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|an|Dios}}
* {{desc|dlm|Di|Dai}}
* {{desc|eo|Dio}}
** {{desc|io|Deo}}
* {{desc|fur|Diu|Idiu}}
* {{desc|ist|Deîo}}
* {{desc|it|Dio}}
* {{desc|fro|Deus|Dieu|Dex|Diex}}
** {{desc|frm|Dieu}}
*** {{desc|fr|Dieu}}
** {{desc|nrf|Dgieu}}
** {{desc|wa|Diu|Dié|Bon Diu}}
* 古莱昂语:
** {{desc|ast|Dios}}
** {{desc|ext|Dios}}
** {{desc|fax|Dios}}
** {{desc|roa-leo|Dious}}
** {{desc|mwl|Dius}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|Deus}}
** {{desc|gl|Deus}}
** {{desc|pt|Deus}}
*** {{desc|ja|デウス|tr=Deusu}}
* {{desc|pro|Deu|Deus}}
** {{desc|ca|Déu}}
** {{desc|oc|Dieu}}
* {{desc|osp|Dios}}
** {{desc|lad|Dyo|Dio|דיו}}
*** 猶太-葡萄牙语:[[Dio]]
** {{desc|es|Dios}}
*** {{desc|nci|Dios}}
*** {{desc|tl|Diyos}}
* {{desc|sc|Déu}}
* {{desc|scn|Deu}}、{{desc|scn|Diu|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|vec|Dio}}
{{bottom}}
==古法语==
===专有名词===
{{head|fro|專有名詞變格形|g=m}}
# {{inflection of|fro|Deu||nom|s}}
==古奧克語==
===词源===
源自{{der|pro|la|Deus}}。
===专有名词===
{{head|pro|專有名詞}}
# [[神]],[[上帝]]
==古葡萄牙語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|roa-opt|la|Deus}}。
===专有名词===
{{head|roa-opt|專有名詞}}
# [[神]],[[上帝]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gl|Deus}}
* {{desc|pt|Deus}}
==葡萄牙语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|pt|Deos||弃用}}
* {{alt|pt|D'us||猶太教}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|pt|roa-opt|Deus}},源自{{inh|pt|la|Deus}}。
===发音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{homophones|pt|deus}}
* {{hyph|pt|Deus}}
===专有名词===
{{pt-proper noun|m}}
# {{qual|一神教的}} [[神]],[[上帝]]
====相关词汇====
* {{l|pt|deus}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ja|デウス|tr=Deusu|bor=1}}
==撒丁语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|sc|la|Deus}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sc|/ˈdeus/|[ˈdeː.u.zŭ]}}
===专有名词===
{{sc-proper noun|m}}
# [[神]],[[上帝]]
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{{also|Diabolus}}
==英语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|en|la|diabolus}}。{{doublet|en|devil|diable|diablo}}。
===名词===
{{en-noun|es}}
# {{lb|en|music}} {{synonym of|en|tritone}}
==拉丁语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|diabulus|zabulus|zabolus||按發音的拼寫}}
* {{alt|la|Diabolus|Zabolus|Zabulus||作專有名詞}}
===词源===
源自{{bor|la|grc|διάβολος|t=誹謗者}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|diabolus|eccl=0}}
* {{audio|la|La-cls-diabolus.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
* {{la-IPA|zabulus|eccl=0|cl=0|vul=1|accent=晚期拉丁語}}
* {{la-IPA|cl=0}}
* {{audio|la|La-ecc-diabolus.ogg|音頻 (教會)}}
* 注意:三個詞根的元音在音素上都是短元音,但在韻文中都為符合韻律而被拉長。<ref>{{cite-web|de|url=http://www.mgh.de/~Poetae/Prosodie/ProsDG.pdf|title=Materialien zu einem Lexikon der irregulären lateinischen Prosodie|date=2020-06-14|author=Peter Christian Jacobsen and Peter Orth|work=www.mgh.de}}</ref>
===名词===
{{la-noun|diabolus<2>}}
# [[惡魔]],[[魔鬼]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|diabolus<2>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|advocātus diabolī}}
* {{l|la|diabolicus}}
====派生語彙====
均為早期借自中世紀教會拉丁語。
{{top3}}
* {{desc|dlm|diaul}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|diavolo}}
** {{desc|nap|diàvolo|diàvoro|riàvolo|riàbolo|diaulo|tiaolo}}
** {{desc|scn|diàvulu|riàvulu}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|egl|dièvol|diavo|diàvel|dièval}}
** {{desc|fur|diaul}}
** {{desc|lij|diâo|diâvo}}
** {{desc|lmo|diaul|deàul}}
** {{desc|pms|diau|dièu|diavo}}
** {{desc|rgn|geàvol|gevle|dièval}}
** {{desc|rm|diavel}}
** {{desc|vec|diavoło|diol|diauło|diaolo|diaoło|diaol|dial}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|diâbllo}}
** {{desctree|fro|deable}}
{{mid2}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|diaple}}
**: 里瓦哥薩:{{l|an|diaplle}}
** {{desc|ca|diable}}
** {{desc|pro|diable|diabol}}
*** {{desc|oc|diable}} {{qual|所有方言}}
***: 北奥克语:{{l|oc|diablhe}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|diablu}} {{desc|ast|diañu|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|diabo|diaboo|diablo|diabre|diabro}}
*** {{desc|gl|diabo|diabro}} {{desc|gl|diaño|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|pt|diabo}}
** {{desctree|osp|diablo}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|diàbulu|diàulu|diàvulu}}
* {{desc|sq|djall|bor=1}}
* {{desc|euq-pro|*deabulu|bor=1}}
** {{desc|eu|*deaburu|deabru}}
* {{desc|be|д’я́бал|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*diaβul|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|en|diabolus|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gmw-pro|*diubul|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|haw|diabolo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sga|díabul|bor=1|id=devil}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|non|djǫfull|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|mk|ѓавол|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mg|devoly|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zlw-ocs|diábel|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cs|ďábel}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|dyjabeł|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|sk|diabol|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ThLL|diabolus|5|part=1|940|65|url=http://publikationen.badw.de/de/thesaurus/lemmata#34004}}
{{reflist}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自早期的 {{m|la|iaiūnus}},發生腭元音同化,源自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*jagjūnos}},源自{{der|la|ine-pro||*h₁yaǵ-yu-s}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*h₁yaǵ-||犧牲}}。
===其他形式===
* {{alter|la|ieiiunus|jejunus|jeijunus}}
* {{alter|la|iaiunus|iaiiunus|jajunus|jaijunus}}
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|iēiūnus}}
* {{la-IPA|iaiūnus|eccl=0|ann=較早}}
===形容词===
{{la-adj|iēiūnus}}
# [[禁食]]的,[[禁慾]]的,[[飢餓]]的
# {{lb|la|figuratively}} [[乾燥]]的,[[貧瘠]]的
# {{lb|la|figuratively}} [[貧乏]]的,[[微薄]]的
# [[微不足道]]的,不[[重要]]的
====变格====
{{la-adecl|iēiūnus}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der4|la
|iēiūnē
|iēiūnitās
|iēiūnium
|iēiūnō
|ientō
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|agiun|agiunu}}
** {{desc|ro|ajun}}
* {{desc|dlm|dezun}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|digiuno}}
** {{desc|scn|diciunu}}
* 撒丁语:
** {{desc|nolang=1|sc|deunu|deunzu|diunzu|geunu|giaunu|zeunu}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|fur|zun|ğun}}
** {{desc|lij|zazun}}
** {{desc|pms|giun|zazun|digiun|gèun}} {{qual|可能受法語影響}}
** {{desc|vec|zun|dizun|dixun|dezun|dexun}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fr|jeûne}}
** {{desc|frp|jon}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|dechuno}} {{qual|里瓦哥薩}}
** {{desc|ca|dejú}}
** {{desc|oc|jun|dejun|junh}} {{qual|加斯科涅}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|gl|xaxún|xexún}}
** {{desc|pt|jejum|jejuno}}
** {{desc|es|ayuno|yeyuno}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|en|jejune|jejunum}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:itc:EDL|ieiūnus|296}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
源自{{prefix|sla-pro|*na-|t1=上面|*jьti|t2=走}}。
===动词===
{{sla-verb|head=*najь̀ti|a=pf}}<ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=najti|passage=Pslovan. *najiti̋}}</ref>
# {{lb|sla-pro|及物}} [[碰巧]][[找到]],[[找到]]
# {{lb|sla-pro|自反}} (+ {{m|sla-pro|*sę}}) [[意外]]走到,意外位于
====变位====
{{sla-conj|pf-ditr|najьd-|cat=irreg}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*najьdьba||遇到}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*vъz(o)jьti||上升,向上走}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*niz(о)jьti||下降,向下走}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*dojьti||到达}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*perjьti||穿过}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*pojьti||离开}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*prijьti||前往}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*projьti||路过}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*ob(о)jьti||绕过,躲避}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*zajьti||前进}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|наити}}
*** {{desc|der=1|be|знайсці́|знайсьці́}} (Taraškevica)
*** {{desc|ru|найти́}}
*** {{desc|uk|найти́}}
**** {{desc|uk|знайти́|der=1}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cu|наити}}
** {{desc|bg|на́йда|g=pf|на́йдувам|g2=impf}}
** {{desc|mk|најде}}
** 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语:
*** {{desc|sh|на́ћи|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|sh|náći|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|nájti}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫语支
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|najíti}}
*** {{desc|cs|najít}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|najć}}
*** {{desc|pl|najść}}
** {{desc|sk|nájsť}}
{{bottom}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:bg:BER|найда|477|4}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|cu|sla-pro|*orsti}},源自{{der|cu|ine-pro|*h₃er-}}。
===动词===
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# [[生長]];[[成長]]
====變位====
{{cu-conj-present|растѫ|расте}}
====衍生词汇====
{{top3}}
* {{l|cu|въздрасти}}
* {{l|cu|въздрастъ}}
* {{l|cu|възрасти}}
* {{l|cu|израстити}}
* {{l|cu|порасти}}
* {{l|cu|прорасти}}
* {{l|cu|растити}}
* {{l|cu|растъ}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|расти́}}
* {{desc|bg|раста}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|ра̑сти|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|rȃsti|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
{{bottom}}
==俄语==
===发音===
* {{ru-IPA|расти́}}
* {{audio|ru|Ru-расти.ogg}}
===词源 1===
{{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*orsti}},源自{{der|ru|ine-pro|*h₃er-}}。
====动词====
{{ru-verb|расти́|impf|pf=вы́расти}}
# [[生長]];[[成長]]
# [[增長]],[[增加]],[[上漲]]
=====變位=====
{{ru-conj|impf-intr|7b/b|расти́|раст|ро́с}}
{{ru-conj-old|impf-intr|7b/b|расти́|раст|ро́с}}
=====衍生词汇=====
{{top2}}
;非完整體
* {{l|ru|взраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|возраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|враста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|выраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|дораста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|зараста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|надраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|нараста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|обраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|отраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|перераста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|подраста́ть}}
* (無對等形式)
* {{l|ru|пораста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|прираста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|произраста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|прораста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|разраста́ться}}
* {{l|ru|сраста́ться}}
{{mid2}}
;完整體
* {{l|ru|взрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|возрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|врасти́}}
* {{l|ru|вы́расти}}
* {{l|ru|дорасти́}}
* {{l|ru|зарасти́}}
* {{l|ru|надрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|нарасти́}}
* {{l|ru|обрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|отрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|перерасти́}}
* {{l|ru|подрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|позараста́ть}}
* {{l|ru|порасти́}}
* {{l|ru|прирасти́}}
* {{l|ru|прорасти́}}
* {{l|ru|произрасти́}}
* {{l|ru|разрасти́сь}}
* {{l|ru|срасти́сь}}
{{bottom2}}
=====相关词汇=====
{{rel4
|ru|возраста́ние
|вы́рост
|зарастание
|за́росли
|нараста́ние
|наро́ст
|недоросток
|обрастание
|отрастание
|отро́сток
|переросток
|по́росль
|подро́сток
|приро́ст
|прорастание
|проросток
|разраста́ние
|расте́ние
|рост
|росто́к
|срастание
|ро́слый
|расти́ть
}}
===词源 2===
====动词====
{{head|ru|動詞變位形式|head=расти́}}
# {{inflection of|ru|расти́ть||2|s|imp|impfv}}
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|sh|sla-pro|*orsti}},源自{{der|sh|ine-pro|*h₃er-}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sh|/râːsti/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|ра|сти}}
===动词===
{{sh-verb|ра̑сти|impf}}
# {{lb|sh|不及物}} [[生長]];[[成長]]
# {{lb|sh|不及物}} [[增長]],[[增加]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|pr.va=ра́стӯћи
|pr.1s=растем
|pr.2s=растеш
|pr.3s=расте
|pr.1p=растемо
|pr.2p=растете
|pr.3p=расту
|f1.hr=раст
|f1.stem=раш
|impf.1s=растијах
|impf.2s=растијаше
|impf.3s=растијаше
|impf.1p=растијасмо
|impf.2p=растијасте
|impf.3p=растијаху
|impt.2s=расти
|impt.1p=растимо
|impt.2p=растите
|app.ms=растао
|app.fs=расла
|app.ns=расло
|app.mp=расли
|app.fp=расле
|app.np=расла
}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3
|sh|{{l|sh|ѝзра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|на̀ра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|о̀дра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|дора̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|по̀ра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|прѝра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|сра̑сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|у̀ра̄сти|g=pf}}
|{{l|sh|за̀ра̄сти|g=pf}}
}}
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{{also|rodó|rodò|rōdō|rodo-|rōdo}}
==加泰罗尼亚语==
===动词===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|rodar}}
==加利西亚语==
===词源 1===
源自{{der|gl|la|rota|t=輪子}}。與{{cog|es|ruedo}}同源。
====发音====
* {{IPA|gl|/ˈrɔðo̝/}}
====名词====
{{gl-noun|m}}
# {{lb|gl|sewing}} [[長裙]]的[[下擺]]
# [[烤箱]]的[[過梁]]
=====相关词汇=====
* {{l|gl|Rodo}}
====动词====
{{gl-verb-form}}
# {{inflection of|gl|rodar||1|s|pres|indc}}
===词源 2===
[[File:Casa de farinha - rodo e forno (9484045350).jpg|thumb|''Trollo'' / ''rodo'']]
源自{{inh|gl|la|rutrum|t=鏟子}}。<ref>{{R:es:DCECH|rodrigón}}</ref>
====发音====
* {{IPA|gl|/ˈroðo̝/}}
====名词====
{{gl-noun|m}}
# [[麵包師]]用來清除[[灰燼]]的一種工具,由一個[[軸]]和[[半圓形]][[刀片]]組成
#: {{syn|gl|trollo|ranco}}
# 一種類似的工具,用來[[平整]][[地面]],或移動地上的[[穀物]]
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
:* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
:* {{R:gl:TILG}}
:* {{R:TLPGP}}
{{topics|gl|工具}}
==意大利语==
===词源 1===
====发音====
{{it-pr|ròdo}}
====动词====
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|rodare||1|s|pres|indc}}
===词源 2===
====发音====
{{it-pr|ródo}}
====动词====
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|rodere||1|s|pres|indc}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|it|a=door|d'oro|doro|dorò|odor|ordo}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro||*rōd-}}(參見{{m|la|rōstrum}}),{{m|ine-pro|*reh₁d-||咬,啃,齧;刮,擦}} 的 o-階縮約形式。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|rōdō}}
===动词===
{{la-verb|3|rōdō|rōs|rōs}}
# [[咬]],[[啃]],[[齧]];[[侵蝕]],[[腐蝕]]
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|1|357|quote='''rōde''', caper, vītem!|trans=[往前走吧],羊兒,去'''啃食'''那藤蔓吧!}}
# {{lb|la|figuratively}} [[誹謗]],[[詆毀]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|rōdō|rōs|rōs}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3|la|abrōdō|arrōdō|circumrōdō|corrōdō|ērōdō|praerōdō|rōsiō|rōstrum|rōsus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|arod|alt=arod, aroaderi}}
** {{desc|ruq|rod|alt=rod, rǫdiri}}
** {{desc|ro|roade|alt=roade, roadere}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|rodere}}
** {{desc|scn|rudiri|rudere}} {{qual|卡拉布里亞}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|lij|roer}} {{qual|熱那亞古舊用語}}、{{l|lij|rodise}}
** {{desc|rm|ruir|aruir|ruier|ruoiar}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fro|rore}}
*** {{desc|frm|reure}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|roa-oca|roure}}
** {{desc|pro|roire}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|roer|royer}}
** {{desc|gl|roer}}
** {{desc|pt|roer}}
** {{desc|es|roer}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|rodere|arroere|roere}}
* 派生詞:
** {{desc|la-vul|*rōdicō|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|la-vul|*rōsicō|der=1|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|fr|roder|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:FEW|100|442|rōdĕre}}
==葡萄牙语==
===词源 1===
{{inh+|pt|la|rutrum|t=鏟子}}。
====发音====
{{pt-IPA|rôdo}}
====名词====
{{pt-noun|m}}
# [[膠棉]][[拖把]]
===词源 2===
====发音====
{{pt-IPA|ródo}}
====动词====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb-form-of|rodar|o}}
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
===名词===
{{sh-noun form}}
# {{inflection of|sh|roda||voc|s}}
==希達摩語==
===词源===
源自{{der|sid|cus-pro|-}}。與{{cog|bji|ruda}}等同源。
===发音===
* {{IPA|sid|/ˈɾodo/}}
* {{hyph|sid|ro|do}}
===名词===
{{sid-noun|g=mf|pl=roduwa|gpl=f}}
# [[兄弟姊妹]]
====用法说明====
* 本詞的性別取決於所指對象的真實性別,因此根據上下文,有時應翻譯成兄弟,有時應翻譯成姊妹。
===参考资料===
* {{R:sid:Kawachi:2007|page=82}}
{{C|sid|家庭成員}}
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==意大利语==
{{number box|it}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|it|millione|miglione||錯誤拼寫}}
===词源===
源自{{affix|it|mille|-one|pos2=指大後綴}}。
===发音===
{{it-pr|milióne}}
===数词===
{{head|it|數詞|g=m|複數|milioni|cat2=基數詞}}
# [[百萬]]
====用法说明====
* “一百萬”一般寫作 ''un milione'' 或 {{m|it|unmilione}}。
* 其他情況下一般分成兩個詞,如 {{m|it|[[due]] [[milioni]]||二百萬}}。
====相关词汇====
* {{l|it|miliardo}}
* {{l|it|milionario}}
* {{l|it|milionesimo}}
====派生語彙====
許多派生語彙並非直接借自意大利語,而是經由法語等中介語言。
{{rel-top3|派生語彙}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|milion}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|مليون|tr=milyōn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|միլիոն}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eu|miloi}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|мільён}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|মিলিয়ন}}
* {{desc|bor=1|br|milion}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|милион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ceb|milyon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|milión}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|million}}
* {{desc|bor=1|et|miljon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fi|miljoona}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|millón}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|მილიონი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Million}}
* {{desc|bor=1|acw|مليون|tr=milyōn}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hil|milyon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|millió}}
* {{desc|bor=1|is|milljón}}
* {{desc|bor=1|km|មួយលាន}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lv|miljons}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|milijonas}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|милион}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mt|miljun}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gv|millioon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|frm|million}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nv|miiltsoh}} {{i|probably}}
* {{desc|la-new|milliō|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nrf|millaon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|no|million}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|میلیون|tr=milyun, melyun}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|milion}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|milhão}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|milion}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|миллион}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gd|millean}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|милион|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|милијун}}
*: {{desc|sh|milion|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|milijun}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|milión}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|milijon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|millón}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|miljon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tl|milyon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tr|milyon}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|мільйон}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|מיליאָן}}
* {{desc|bor=1|esu|miilicaaq}} {{i|可能}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|it|a=eiilmno|elimino|eliminò}}
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{{also|magnés|mágnes}}
==英语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|en|enm|magnes}},源自{{der|en|la|magnēs}}。{{doublet|en|magnet}}。
===名词===
{{en-noun|?}}
# {{obsolete form of|en|magnet}}
#* {{RQ:Spenser Faerie Queene|2|12|passage= Of mightie '''magnes''' stone|translation=這強大的'''磁石'''}}
#* {{RQ:Harvey Foure Letters|sonnet=XVII|page=77|passage='''Magnes''' and many thinges attractive are, / But nothing ſo [[allective]] under ſkyes, / As that ſame dainty amiable ſtarre, / That none but griſly mouth of hell defyes.}}
{{Webster 1913}}
===异序词===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aegmns|Ganems|Megnas|engmas|gasmen}}
==法语==
===发音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
===动词===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|magner||2|s|pres|ind//sub}}
===异序词===
* {{l|fr|manges}}、{{l|fr|mangés}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{der|la|grc||μαγνήτης λίθος|馬格尼西亞的石頭}},以呂底亞城市[[w:en:Magnesia ad Sipylum|西皮洛斯山腳的馬格尼西亞]](今土耳其{{w|馬尼薩}})命名,源自當地所處的地域名稱{{m|grc|Μαγνησία}},而該名稱又來自最初殖民者的名字。在古代,該城出產一種神秘的石頭,能夠互相吸引分離,這種石頭便以該城命名。與{{m|la|magnēsius||馬格尼西亞的}}、{{m+|la-new|magnēsium#詞源 2||鎂}}有關。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|magnēs|eccl=yes}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|magnēs/magnēt<3>|acc_sg=magnēta/magnētem|g=f}}
# [[磁鐵]],[[磁石]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|magnēs/magnēt<3>|acc_sg=magnēta/magnētem}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hy|մագնիս|lbor=1}}<!--受希臘語 Μάγνης 的影響?-->
* {{desc|fro|magnete}}
** {{desctree|enm|magnete|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dum|magnes|lbor=1}}
* {{desctree|enm|magnes|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|magneto|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|mágnes|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|sga|magnéit|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ga|maighnéad}}
** {{desc|gv|magnaid}}
** {{desc|gd|magnait}}
* {{desc|it|magnete}}
* {{desc|pl|magnes|lbor=1}}
未分類:
* {{desc|sq|magnet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|magnet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|da|magnet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dum|magneet|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|nl|magneet}}
* {{desctree|de|Magnet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lv|magnēts|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lt|magnetas|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|магнет|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|rue|маґнет|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1|unc=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ма̀гне̄т|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|màgnēt|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|magnet|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|sl|magnet|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|es|magnete|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|sv|magnet|bor=1}}
<!-- 可能直接來自古希臘語 μαγνήτης:
* {{desc|be|магні́т|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|bg|магни́т|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desctree|ru|магни́т|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{desc|uk|магні́т|bor=1}}
-->
===形容词===
{{la-adj|magnēs/magnēt}}
# 有[[磁性]]的
====变格====
{{la-adecl|magnēs/magnēt}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:PersEnc}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
==中古英语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|enm|magnas}}
===词源===
{{lbor|enm|la|magnēs}},源自{{der|enm|grc|[[μαγνήτης]] [[λίθος]]|t=馬格尼西亞的石頭}}。{{doublet|enm|magnete}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|enm|/ˈmaɡnɛs/|/ˈmaɡnɛːs/}}
===名词===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{lb|enm|rare}} [[磁石]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|magnes}} {{qual|弃用}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=magnēs |pos=n |id=MED26479 |accessdate=2018-05-11}}
{{c|enm|礦物}}
==古法语==
===名词===
{{head|fro|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|fro|magne||m|obl|pl|;|m|nom|sg|;|f|obl//nom|pl}}
==波兰语==
{{wikipedia|lang=pl}}
===词源===
{{bor+|pl|la|magnēs}},源自{{der|pl|grc|μαγνῆτις}}。{{doublet|pl|magnez}}。
===发音===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-magnes.ogg|hh=magnez}}
===名词===
{{pl-noun|m-in|dim=magnesik}}
# {{lb|pl|electromagnetism}} [[磁鐵]],[[磁石]]
# {{lb|pl|figuratively}} 有[[吸引力]]的人或事物
====变格====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col3|pl|title=形容詞|amagnetyczny|antymagnetyczny|magnetyczny|magnesowy|niemagnetyczny}}
{{col3|pl|title=名詞|diamagnetyk|magnetyk|paramagnetyk|magnetyczność|magnetyzm}}
{{col3|pl|title=前綴|magneto-}}
{{col3|pl|title=動詞|magnesować|namagnesować|namagnesowywać}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
tuf7pj1zxigakv0y5e1tm9tbqt98o92
Reconstruction:原始印歐語/pewǵ-
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==原始印歐語==
===词源===
{{etymon|ine-pro|id=拳打|pos=root}}
可能与{{m|ine-pro|*pewḱ-||松树}}无关。<ref name="Beekes" />
===词根===
{{ine-root}}<ref name="Beekes">{{R:grc:Beekes|head=πυγμή|page=1254|passage=*puḱ, *puǵ- 'sting'}}</ref><ref name="DeVaan">{{R:itc:EDL|head=pungō|page=499|passage=*pu-n(e)g/k-}}</ref><ref>{{R:Collins English Dictionary|entry=pugnacious|passage=*peuĝ-, to punch}}</ref><ref name="TOitPIEatPIEw">{{R:TOitPIEatPIEw|head=*peug- 'prick, poke'|page=377}}</ref>
# [[拳打]]
# [[戳]],[[刺]]
====衍生词汇====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*péwǵ-e-ti|pos=thematic root present}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*feukaną}}
* {{desc|ine-pro||alt=*puǵ-eh₂yéti|unc=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*fukkōną|t=打;交配}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*pu-né-ǵ-ti ~ *pu-n-ǵ-énti|pos=nasal-infix present}}<ref name="DeVaan" />
** {{desc|itc-pro|*pungō|t=刺,扎}}
*** {{desc|la|pungō}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-i-h₃onh₂-}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*pūgjō}}
*** {{desc|la|pūgiō|t=匕首}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-lis}}<ref name="Beekes" />
** {{desc|itc-pro|*pugls}}
*** {{desc|la|pugil|t=拳击手}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-méh₂}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*pugmā́}}
*** {{desc|grc|πυγμή|t=拳头;打架}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-nó-s}}<ref name="DeVaan" />
** {{desc|itc-pro|*pugnos}}
*** {{desc|la|pugnus|t=fist}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-s}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*púks}}
*** {{desc|grc|πύξ|t=用拳头;在打架时}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*puǵ-teh₂t-s}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*púktāts}}
*** {{desc|grc|πύκτης|t=拳击手}}
* {{desc|ine-pro||alt=*pu-n-ǵ-sti-s|unc=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro}}
*** {{desc|sla-pro|*pęstь|t=拳}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*funstiz|t=拳}} {{qual|< {{l|gem-pro||*funkstiz}}}}
*** {{desc|gmw-pro|*fūsti}} {{see desc}}
====参见====
* {{l|ine-pro|*peyḱ-}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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==原始蒙古語==
===词源===
源自{{der|xgn-pro|trk-pro|*tebe}} {{suffix|xgn-pro||*xan|alt2=*xen}},對比{{cog|tr|deve}}。
===名词===
{{head|xgn-pro|名詞}}
# [[駱駝]] {{catlangcode|xgn-pro|哺乳動物|家畜}}
====上义词====
* {{l|xgn-pro|*boda|t=牲畜}}
====下义词====
* {{l|xgn-pro|*iŋgen|t=母駱駝}}
* {{l|xgn-pro|*botagan|t=小駱駝}}
====参见====
* {{l|xgn-pro|*böken|t=駝峰}}
* {{l|xgn-pro|*buila|t=塞住駱駝鼻子的塞子}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|xng|-}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|xng|ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ|ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|xng|تيمن|tr=tem(e)n|تمن|tr2=t(e)m(e)n}}
** {{desc|xng||alt=թաման|tr=tʿaman|sc=Armn|sclang=1}} {{qualifier|[[w:en:Kirakos Gandzaketsi|Kirakos Gandzaketsi]]}}
** {{desc|xng||alt=[[忒]][[墨]][[根]]|tr=tèmògēn|sc=Hant|sclang=1}} {{qual|轉寫}}
* {{desc|mn|-}}
** {{desc|cmg|ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ}}
** {{desc|mn-kha|тэмээ}}
** {{desc|mn-ord|-}} {{IPAchar|/tʰemeː/}}
* {{desc|xal|темән}}
* {{desc|bua|тэмээ}}
** {{desc|ykh|тэмээ}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ru|тыме́н|тыме́нь}}
* {{desc|dta|temee}}
* {{desc|yuy|temeen}}
* 土族語:
** {{desc|mjg-mgl|timeen}}
** {{desc|mjg-mgr|tiemie}}
* {{desc|mhj|temå|temån}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sah|тэбиэн|тэмиэн}}
** {{desc|evn|тэве̄н|bor=1}}
* 通古斯語系:
** {{desc|evn|тэмэгэн|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tuw-sol|тэмэгэн|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mnc|ᡨᡝᠮᡝᠨ|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|gld|тэмэн|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|oac|тэмэн|bor=1|t=象}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Nugteren 2011|page=517}}
* {{R:TMN|vol=2|page=669}}
* {{R:tuw:TMC|vol=2|page=235}}
* {{R:tut:SDM|url=http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fmonget&text_number=1080&root=config}}
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دوه
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*tebe}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=deve}}
# [[駱駝]]
#: {{syn|ota|شتر|tr=şütür}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|دوهجی|tr=deveci|t=養駱駝者}}
|{{l|ota|دوه قوشی|tr=deve kuşu|t=鴕鳥}}
|{{l|ota|دوه طبانی|tr=deve tabani|t=向日葵}}
|{{l|ota|دوه توكی|tr=deve tüyü|t=駱駝毛}}
|{{l|ota|دوه دیكنی|tr=deve dikeni|t=駱駝刺}}
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gag|devä}}
* {{desctree|tr|deve}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|deve}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|դավա}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|deve}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|дева}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|deva}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=593}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|columns=2195–2196}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|deve}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=929}}
{{c|ota|駱駝科動物}}
==普什图语==
{{cardinalbox|ps|١|٢|٣|يو|درې|ord=}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ps|ira-pat-pro|*dwa}},源自一中古伊朗語支形式 ''*dwa''<ref>{{cite-book|title=Iran and the Caucasus|author=Julian Kreidl|date=2021|chapter=Lambdacism and the development of Old Iranian *t in Pashto}}</ref>,源自{{inh|ps|ira-pro|*dwáH}}(對比{{cog|fa|دو|tr=do}}、{{cog|ps|دوه|tr=dwa}}、{{cog|ae|𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀}}),源自{{inh|ps|iir-pro|*dwáH}}(對比{{cog|sa|द्व|tr=dvá}}、{{cog|hi|दो}}/{{cog|ur|دو|tr=do}}、{{cog|pa|ਦੋ}}),源自{{inh|ps|ine-pro|*dwóh₁}}(對比{{cog|ru|два}}、{{cog|lt|du}}、{{cog|el|δύο}}、{{cog|es|dos}}、{{cog|en|two}})。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ps|/dwa/}}
* {{audio|ps|Dwa-Pashto.ogg|音频}}
===名词===
{{head|ps|數詞|cat2=基數詞|tr=dwa}}
# [[二]]
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|sla-pro|*tỳsǫťь|*tỳsǫťa}}
* {{alt|sla-pro|*tỳsęti|*tỳsęťь|*tỳsęťa}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*tūˀsantis}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*tuHsont-}}。
===名词===
{{number box|sla-pro|1000}}
{{sla-noun|f|head=*tỳsǫti}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|503|*tỳsǫti; *tỳsęti|num. f. i (a) ‘thousand’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|tysǫtja/tysętja|''a'' (PR 132)}}</ref>
# {{cln|sla-pro|基數詞}} [[千]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|tỳsǫti|g=f|ap=a}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|тꙑсѧча}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|ты́сѧча|ты́сѧчь}}
**** {{desc|be|ты́сяча}}
**** {{desc|rue|ті́сяч}}
**** {{desc|uk|ти́сяча}}
*** {{desc|ru|ты́сяча}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|тꙑсѫщи|sclang=1}}、{{l|cu|тꙑсѧщи}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱅⱏⰹⱄⱘⱋⰻ|sclang=1}}、{{l|cu|ⱅⱏⰹⱄⱔⱋⰻ}}
*** 教會斯拉夫語(俄語校訂版):{{l|cu|тысѫща}}、{{l|cu|тысѧща}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|тѝсућа|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|tìsuća|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|tȋsoč}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|tisúc}}
*** {{desc|cs|tisíc}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|tysiąc}}
*** {{desc|pl|tysiąc}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|tysac}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|ты́сяча}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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आम्र
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==梵语==
===词源===
源自{{der|sa|iir-pro|-}}。{{rfe|sa}}
===其他字母系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===发音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|tr=āmrá|g=m}}
# [[芒果]]
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|āmrá}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|inc-ash|𑀅𑀁𑀩}}
* {{desc|inc-ash||alt=*𑀅𑀁𑀩-𑀓|der=1}}
** {{desc|pra-ard|𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀕}}
** {{desc|pra-mah|𑀅𑀁𑀩𑀅}}
*** {{desc|kok|-}}
***: {{desc|kok|आम्बो|tr=āmbô|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kok|ಆಂಬೊ|tr=āmbô|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kok|ambo|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|omr|-}}
***: {{desc|omr|आंबा|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|omr|𑘁𑘽𑘤𑘰|sclang=1}}
**** {{desctree|mr|आंबा}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ar|عَنْبَة|عَنْبَا}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|axm|անապ|անպ}}
**** {{desc|so|cámbe|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pal||alt=*anbag|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|fa|انبه|tr=anbe}}
**** {{desc|bal|ہمب|tr=humb}}
**** {{desc|ar|أَنْبَج|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|bor=1|axm|ամպաճ|անպաճ|անապաճ}}
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|اَمب|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|अंब|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|dv|އަނބު}}
* {{desc|pi|amba}}
* {{desc|sw|embe|bor=1}} {{qual|早期自印度-伊朗語支語言借入}}
* {{desc|txb|āmpär|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Cappeller Sanskrit-English|column=1|page=65|आम्र॑}}
* {{R:MCD|041}}
* {{R:sa:MW|147/3|head=आम्र}}
{{topics|sa|果實|漆樹科植物}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
可能與{{cog|lt|anūkas}}和{{cog|grc|ἔγγονος}}有關。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|head=*vъnùkъ|m}}
# [[孫子]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|vъnùkъ|ap=a}}
====参见====
{{sla-pro-family}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|вънукъ}}
*** {{desc|be|уну́к}}
*** {{desc|ru|внук}}
*** {{desc|rue|внук}}
*** {{desc|uk|ону́к}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|вънуке}}
{{mid3}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|внук}}
** {{desc|mk|внук}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|у̀нук|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ùnuk|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|vnuk}}
{{mid3}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|vnuk}}
*** {{desc|cs|vnuk}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|wnęk|wnuk}}
*** {{desc|pl|wnuk}}
** {{desc|sk|vnuk}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|wnuk}}
*** {{desc|hsb|wnuk}}
{{bottom}}
* 斯拉夫語族以外的語言:
** {{desc|cv|мăнук}}
** {{desc|hu|unoka}}
** {{desc|mhr|уныка}}
** {{desc|tt|онык}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|внук}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|530|*vъnukъ}}
{{c|sla-pro|男性家庭成員}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{suffix|sla-pro|*koza|*ja|t1=山羊}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*kòža}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|242|*kòža|f. jā (b) ‘skin, leather’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|kozja kozjě|''b*'' (SA 138; PR 135; MP 19)}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|身體部位}} [[皮膚]]
# {{topics|sla-pro|材料}} [[皮革]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|kòža|ap=b}}
====派生語彙====
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|кожа}}
*** {{desc|be|ко́жа}}
*** {{desc|ru|ко́жа}}
*** {{desc|uk|ко́жа}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|кожа|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰽⱁⰶⰰ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|ко́жа}}
** {{desc|mk|ко́жа}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ко̏жа|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|kȍža|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|kọ́ža}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|kóžě}}
*** {{desc|cs|kůže}}
**** 摩拉維亞方言 {{a|cs|Mistřice}}:{{l|cs|koža}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|koża}}
*** {{desc|pl|kożuch|der=1}}
** {{desc|sk|koža}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|koža}}
*** {{desc|dsb|kóža}}
斯拉夫語族以外:
* {{desc|gkm|Κοζάνη|bor=1}}
** {{desc|el|Κοζάνη}}
* {{desc|rup|coaji|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ruq|coajă|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|coajă|bor=1}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|кожа}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*koža|35|12}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koža]]
[[ru:*koža]]
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{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=18|rad=刀|as=4|sn=6|four=|canj=|ids=⿰刃刃}}
====參考資料====
* {{Han ref|kx=|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=31414}}
==漢語==
===字源===
{{zh-etym-double|刃}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|luh}}
{{zh-pron
|mn-l=
|cat=v
}}
===釋義===
{{head|zh|漢字}}
# {{lb|zh|雷州話}} [[相接]];[[裝配]]
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{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=18|rad=刀|as=4|sn=6|four=|canj=|ids=⿰刀𠚪;⿰𠚪刀}}
====參考資料====
* {{Han ref|kx=|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=31415}}
==漢語==
===字源===
{{zh-etym-triple|刀}}。
===釋義===
{{zh-see|刕|v}}
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{{character info}}
==跨語言==
===漢字===
{{Han char|rn=18|rad=刀|as=4|sn=6|four=|canj=|ids=⿰刀𠚪,⿰𠚪刀}}
====參考資料====
* {{Han ref|kx=|dkj=|dj=|hdz=|uh=31415}}
==漢語==
===字源===
{{zh-etym-triple|刀}}。
===釋義===
{{zh-see|刕|v}}
ctacojiyl8qiyxg16v7wf2bfpx8vd5q
rangr
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==古諾爾斯語==
===詞源===
來自早期{{m|non|vrangr}},來自{{inh|non|gem-pro|*wrangaz}},與常見日耳曼語族動詞{{m|gem-pro||*wringan}}同族。
===形容詞===
{{non-adj}}
# 不[[正義]]的,不[[公正]]的
# [[錯誤]]的,不[[正確]]的
====派生詞====
對於早期形式{{m|non|vrangr}}的派生詞彙,見{{l|gem-pro|*wrangaz}}。
* {{desc|is|rangur}}
* {{desc|fo|rangur}}
* {{desc|nrn|rang}}
* {{desc|no|-}} {{desc|nn|nolang=1|rang|;|rang’u<q:dialectal>|rång’e}}
* {{desc|gmq-jmk|ráng}}
===來源===
* {{R:Zoega}}
k6foqbv69ig5dt2jr427hm9c4e9u1fe
چقال
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
[[File:Golden Jackal at Rajkot 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|چقال}} – {{taxlink|Canis aureus aureus|subspecies|Canis aureus subsp. aureus}}|upright=1.15]]
===词源===
借自{{bor|ota|fa|شغال|tr=šağâl, šoğâl}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=çakal}}
# [[豺]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|tr|çakal}}
* {{desc|sq|çakall|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|չախալ|չախկալ}}
* {{desc|az|çaqqal|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|чакал|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ckb|چەقەڵ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|chacal|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|lez|чакъал|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|чакал|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ча̀гаљ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|čàgalj|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|crh|çaqal|bor=1}}
{{c|ota|犬科動物}}
l8yxzx6cwcalovnd7s1vnzb12cufflz
чистити
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*čistiti}}。
===动词===
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# [[清潔]],[[清理]]
# [[淨化]]
====變位====
{{cu-conj-i-type|чист}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|чистить}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|чи̏стити|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|čȉstiti|sclang=1}}
{{mid2}}
* {{desc|sl|čistiti}}
{{bottom}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:cu:gorazd}}
==塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*čistiti}}。形式上來自{{m|sh|чи̏ст}}。
===发音===
* {{sh-IPA|чи̏стити}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|чис|ти|ти}}
===动词===
{{sh-verb|чи̏стити|impf}}
# {{lb|sh|及物}} [[清潔]],[[清理]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|pr.va=чи̏сте̄ћи
|vn=чи̏шће̄ње
|pr.1s=чистим
|pr.2s=чистиш
|pr.3s=чисти
|pr.1p=чистимо
|pr.2p=чистите
|pr.3p=чисте
|f1.hr=чистит
|f1.stem=чисти
|impf.1s=чишћах
|impf.2s=чишћаше
|impf.3s=чишћаше
|impf.1p=чишћасмо
|impf.2p=чишћасте
|impf.3p=чишћаху
|impt.2s=чисти
|impt.1p=чистимо
|impt.2p=чистите
|app.ms=чистио
|app.fs=чистила
|app.ns=чистило
|app.mp=чистили
|app.fp=чистиле
|app.np=чистила
|ppp.ms=чишћен
|ppp.fs=чишћена
|ppp.ns=чишћено
|ppp.mp=чишћени
|ppp.fp=чишћене
|ppp.np=чишћена
}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der3|sh
|ѝшчистити
|о̀чистити
|по̀чистити
|прѐчистити
|про̀чистити
|ра̀шчистити}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sh:HJP|f1pkXxE%3D}}
==乌克兰语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|uk|sla-pro|*čistiti}}。
===发音===
* {{uk-IPA|чи́стити}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|音频}}
===动词===
{{uk-verb|чи́стити|impf|pf=почи́стити}}
# [[清潔]],[[清理]]
====變位====
{{uk-conj|чи́стити<4a.impf.tr.ppp>}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|uk|очища́ти|g=impf}}、{{l|uk|очи́щувати|g=impf}}、{{l|uk|очи́стити|g=pf}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
i63ek96nfx3jcc0nrkcwctw0vb28ky7
زنجیر
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|زنجیر|tr=zanjir}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=zincir}}
# [[鎖鏈]],[[鐐銬]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|zincir|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|zinxhir}}
* {{desc|hy|զնջիլ|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|singir}}
* {{desc|bg|синджи́р|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|arz|جنزير|tr=ganzīr}}
* {{desc|lzz|ზენჯილი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|синџир|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|сѝнџӣр|sclang=1|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sìndžīr|sclang=1|alts=1}}
{{c|ota|緊固件}}
==波斯语==
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|zinjīr,zanjīr}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=zanjir}}
# [[鎖鏈]],[[鏈條]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fa|زنجیر زدن|tr=zanjir zadan}}
* {{l|fa|زنجیرزنی|tr=zanjir-zani}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tg|занҷир}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|zəncir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|сынйыр}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ckb|زنجیر}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|ज़ंजीर}}
*: {{desc|ur|زنجیر|tr=zanjīr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xal|шинҗүр}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|шынжыр}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|чынжыр}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|زنجیر|tr=zincîr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|чылбыр}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|zynjyr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|زەنجىر}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|zanjir}}
{{c|fa|緊固件}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|زنجیر|tr=zanjir}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|zanjīr}}
* {{rhymes|ur|iːɾ|s=2}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|f|head=زَنْجِیر|tr=zanjīr}}
# [[鎖鏈]],[[鐐銬]]
====变格====
{{ur-noun-c-f|زنجیر|zanjīr}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
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aberkan
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==卡拜爾語==
===形容詞===
{{kab-head|形容詞}}
# [[黑]],[[黑色]]
====屈折====
{{kab-decl-adj|berkan}}
{{C|kab|顏色}}
==塔查維特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|shy|ber-pro|*aberkan}}。
===形容詞===
{{head|shy|形容詞|g=m|複數|iberkanen}}
# [[黑]],[[黑色]]
{{C|shy|顏色}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===形容詞===
{{rif-head|形容詞|pl=iberkanen|annex=uberkan|f=taberkant}}
# [[黑]],[[黑色]]
{{C|rif|顏色}}
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چوبان
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{{also|چوپان}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|شبان|شوبان|tr1=şoban, şuban, şüben|tr2=şoban, şuban, şüben}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|چوپان|tr=čupân}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=çoban}}
# [[牧羊人]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|çoban}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|çoban}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|чоба́нин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|τσοπάνης}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|cioban}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|чаба́н}} {{qualifier|經由其他突厥語借入}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|чо̀бан}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|čòban}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=1672}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=2767|شبان}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=2873|شوبان}}
{{c|ota|職業}}
==波斯語==
{{fa-IPA|čūbān}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=čubân}}
# {{alternative spelling of|fa|چوپان}}
mwhyx6qywqliqakdevhnrgpgu4uc06z
حبسخانهجی
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
[[File:Entrance to the prison, Jerusalem. between 1898 and 1914. matpc.06801.III.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|حبسخانهجیلر}}|upright=1.55]]
===詞源===
{{affix|ota|حبسخانه|tr1=hapshane, hapishane|t1=監獄|ـجی|tr2=ci|pos2=職業後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[hɑpshɑnɛˈd͡ʒi]|[hɑpsɑnɛˈd͡ʒi]|[hɑpishɑnɛˈd͡ʒi]|[hɑpisɑnɛˈd͡ʒi]}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=hapshaneci, hapishaneci}}
# [[獄警]],[[獄卒]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|hapishaneci}}
* {{desc|sq|hapsanxhi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rup|hapsãngi|alt=hapsãngí|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|апсанджи́я|хапсанджи́я}}
* {{desc|mk|апсанџија|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|хапса̀нџија|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|апса̀нџија}}
*: {{desc|sh|hapsàndžija|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|apsàndžijà}}
{{c|ota|職業|監獄}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*sliˀwā́ˀ}},可能來自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*(s)leh₃y-|t=偏藍的}},和{{cog|gem-pro|*slaihǭ|*slaihwǭ|t=黑刺李}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*slìva}}
# [[李子]]
# [[李樹]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|slìva|ap=a}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* {{desc|orv|слива}}
** {{desc|zle-obe|слива}}
*** {{desc|be|слі́ва}}
** {{desc|ru|сли́ва}}
** {{desc|uk|сли́ва}}
* 南斯拉夫語:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|слива}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱄⰾⰻⰲⰰ}}
** {{desc|bg|сли́ва}}
** {{desc|mk|слива}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|шљи̏ва|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|šljȉva|sclang=1}}
*** Chakavian {{a|sh|Vrgada}}: {{l|sh|slȉva}}
*** Chakavian {{a|sh|Orbanići}}: {{l|sh|slȉva}}
*** Kajkavian {{a|sh|Bednja}}: {{l|sh|slȉvo}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|slíva}}
* 西斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|slíva}}
*** {{desc|cs|slíva}}
** {{desc|csb|slëwa}}
** {{desc|pox|slaiveńă}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|śliwa}}
*** {{desc|pl|śliwa}}
** {{desc|sk|slíva}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|slěwka}}
*** {{desc|hsb|slowka}}
{{bl}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lt|slyvà|slỹvas}}
* {{desc|prg|sliwaytos|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|szilva|bor=1}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|сли́ва}}
{{C|sla-pro|果實|核果|李屬植物}}
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==梵语==
===其他书写系统===
{{sa-alt}}
===发音===
{{sa-IPA}}
===词源===
{{root|sa|ine-pro|*h₂enk-}}
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*Hankás}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*Hánkas}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*h₂ónkos}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*h₂enk-||弯,曲}}。同源词有{{cog|grc|ὄγκος}}、{{cog|la|uncus}}、{{cog|orv|паукъ}}。
===名词===
{{sa-noun|tr=aṅká|g=m}}
# [[钩]]
#* [[w:梨俱吠陀|RV]] [[s:en:The Rig Veda/Mandala 1/Hymn 162|1.162.13d]]
#*: {{lang|sa|यन नीक्षणं मांस्पचन्या उखाया या पात्राणि यूष्णासेचनानि}} |
#*: {{lang|sa|ऊष्मण्यापिधाना चरूणामङकाः सूनाःपरि भूषन्त्यश्वम}} ||
#*:: {{lang|und|sc=Latn|yan nīkṣaṇaṃ māṃspacanyā ukhāyā yā pātrāṇi yūṣṇaāsecanāni}} |
#*:: {{lang|und|sc=Latn|ūṣmaṇyāpidhānā carūṇām'''aṅkāḥ''' sūnāḥpari bhūṣantyaśvam}} ||
# {{lb|sa|用双数}} 双轮[[马车]]的一半
# [[弯曲]]
# 人体的[[弧线]] {{gloss|尤指女性的臀部上部部分,怀孕婴儿的地方,因此常等于“胸部”或“大腿”}}
# [[边]],[[侧]]
# [[身体]]
# [[近处]],[[四处]]
# [[手臂]]弯曲处
# 钩状或弯曲的[[器械]]
# [[曲线]],[[弧线]]
# ([[烙印]]在动物身上的)[[数字]],[[记号]]
# 任何[[记号]],[[笔画]],[[印记]]
# [[数字]]
# 数字[[一]]和[[九]]
# [[系数]]
# [[戏剧]]的一[[幕]]
# [[戏剧]]
# [[假]][[打架]]
# [[罪过]],[[罪行]]
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|aṅká}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra-mag}}
** {{desc|bn|আঁকড়া}}
* {{desctree|pra-mah|𑀅𑀁𑀓}}
* {{desc|pra-mah||alt=*𑀅𑀁𑀓-𑀟-𑀅|der=1}}
** {{desc|mr|आकडा}}
* {{desc|ms|angka}}
** {{desc|id|angka}}
* {{desc|pra-pai}}
** {{desc|pa|ਅੰਕੜਾ|ਅੰਕੜ|ਅੰਕ}}
* {{desc|pra-sau||alt=*𑀅𑀁𑀓-𑀟-𑀕}}
** {{desc|hi|आँकड़ा}}
** {{desc|gu|આંકડો}}
* {{desc|hi|अंक|bor=1}}
* {{desc|omr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|अंक|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘀𑘽𑘎|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mr|अंक|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ta|அங்கம்|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|องก์|bor=1}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:MW|0007}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印欧语==
===词源===
可能与{{m|ine-pro|*h₂eng-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*h₂enǵʰ-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-}}有关。
===词根===
{{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|pages=45-46|volume=I}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|page=268|head=*h₂enk-}}</ref><ref>{{R:gem:EDPG}}</ref><ref>{{R:itc:EDL}}</ref><ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=anka|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*ǫkotь|page=386}}</ref><ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|head=ὄγκος 1|volume=II|page=1045}}</ref><ref>{{R:xcl:Martirosyan|angɫ₁|pages=70-71}}</ref>
# [[弯]],[[曲]]
====衍生词汇====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂énk-ti ~ h₂n̥k-énti|pos=root-present}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*Háčati}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*Háćati}}
**** {{desc|sa|अचति|tr=ácati}}、{{l|sa|अञ्चति|tr=áñcati}} {{qual|later thematicization}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂enk-os}} 或 {{l|ine-pro||*h₂n̥k-os}}
** {{desc|cel-pro|*ankos}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*ankos}}
*** {{desc|la|ancus}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂énkos|*h₂énk-os ~ *h₂énk-es-os}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂ónkos|*h₂ónk-o-s}} {{see desc}}
* {{qual|可能}} {{l|ine-pro||*h₂énk-tis ~ *h₂n̥k-tey-}} {{n-g|or}} {{l|ine-pro||*h₂n̥k-tós}}<ref>{{R:xcl:Martirosyan|page=84}}</ref>
** 亚美尼亚语:
*** {{desc|xcl|անթ}}、{{l|xcl|անութ}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂énk-ō ~ *h₂n̥k-én-s}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*angô}} {{see desc}}
** 希腊语族:
*** {{desc|grc|ἀγκών}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂enk-ul-os}}
** 亚美尼亚语:
*** {{desc|xcl|անգղ}}、{{l|xcl|անկղ}}
**** {{desc|hy|անգղ}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*anhulaz}}
*** {{desc|non|ǫ́ll}}、{{l|non|áll}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*angulaz}} {{see desc}}
** 希腊语族:
*** {{desc|grc|ἀγκύλος}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*h₂énk-ul-eh₂|帶子,皮帶}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*anhulō}}
*** {{desc|non|ǫ́l}}、{{l|non|ál}}
** {{desc|grk-pro|*ankúlā}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἀγκύλη}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*HankúlaH}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*HankúlaH}}
**** {{desc|pal|-}}
****: {{desc|pal|tr=ʾnkwrʾk'|ts=angurāg|t=手指,爪子|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐬀𐬥𐬔𐬎𐬭𐬁|sc=pal-Avst|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|fa|انگول|tr=angūl|t=手指|pos=粗俗}}、{{l|fa|انگلک|tr=angulak|t=小拇指}}
***** {{desc|fa|انگل|tr=angal|t=寄生虫;屁眼}}
* 未排序构式:
** {{desc|grk-pro|-}}
*** {{desc|grc|ἄγκῡρα|t=錨|unc=1}}
** {{desc|ine-ana-pro}}
*** (可能){{desc|hit|𒀭𒆪𒉿𒀸|t=安庫瓦什,安卡拉}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
rjlrban6shg9up7zjh3h5qdjm7am6et
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==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
{{affix|sla-pro|*pa-|*ǫkъ|gloss2=钩子}}(→{{m|sla-pro|*ǫkotь}}),源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂enk-||弯,曲}}。因蜘蛛腿的形状得名。印欧语系同源词包括{{cog|la|uncus}}、{{cog|grc|ὄγκος}}和{{cog|sa|अङ्क|tr=aṅká}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|head=*pàǭkъ|m}}
# [[蜘蛛]]
#: {{syn|sla-pro|*mězgyrь}}
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|pàǭkъ|ap=a}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*paǫčina||蜘蛛网}}
====派生語彙====
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|паоукъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-obe|паукъ|alt=пау́къ|павукъ|alt2=паву́къ}}
**** {{desc|be|паву́к}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|пау́къ|паву́къ}}
**** {{desc|ru|пау́к}}
*** {{desc|uk|паву́к}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** 古教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|паѫкъ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱂⰰⱘⰽⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|па́як|па́янк|па́йонк|па́енк}}
** {{desc|mk|пајак}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|па̏ӯк|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|pȁūk|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|pȃjək}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|paúk}}
*** {{desc|cs|pavouk}}
** {{desc|csb|pajk|pajik}}
** {{desc|pox|pojąk}}
** {{desc|pl|pająk}}
** {{desc|szl|pajōnk}}
** {{desc|sk|pavúk}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|pawk}}
*** {{desc|hsb|pawk}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|пау́к}}
{{c|sla-pro|蛛形綱動物}}
5s77v5pycezedm2ga5as56g63mhivt3
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==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*wáśka|t=蜡}}。
===重构===
重音模式''b''在{{cog|orv|-}}纪念碑“Celebnik”中得到保留,其使用了西北地区的重音模式:{{l|orv|воску̀}}、{{l|orv|воску́ же}}、{{l|orv|возко́мъ}}。<ref name="Nikolaev 2012"/>
===名词===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*vòskъ|head2=*vȍskъ}}<ref name="Nikolaev 2012">{{R:sla:Nikolaev:2012|138|passage=*vôskъ, *võskъ}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|529|*voskъ}}</ref>
# [[蜡]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|vòskъ|ap=b}}
{{sla-decl-noun|vȍskъ|ap=c}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|воскъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|воскъ}}
**** {{desc|be|во́ск}}
**** {{desc|uk|ві́ск}}
*** {{desc|ru|во́ск}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** 古教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|воскъ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⰲⱁⱄⰽⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|восък}}
** {{desc|mk|восок}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|во̏сак|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|vȍsak|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|vọ̑sək}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|vosk}}
*** {{desc|cs|vosk}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|wosk}}
*** {{desc|pl|wosk}}
** {{desc|sk|vosk}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|wósk}}
*** {{desc|dsb|wósk}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|воск}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|воск|168|1}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
2r3kgwqkusj1m9bcdv74rjsh48pntn6
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
借自{{bor|sla-pro|la|-}}({{cog|ML.|sabbatum}} 或{{cog|VL.|*sambatum}}),源自{{der|sla-pro|grc|σάββᾱτον}},源自{{der|sla-pro|he|שַׁבָּת|tr=šabbāṯ||安息日}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|f}}
# [[星期六]],[[週六]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====参见====
{{table:days of the week/sla-pro}}
====派生語彙====
東斯拉夫語支及南斯拉夫語支的來源是有鼻音的 {{m|sla-pro||*sǫbota}}。西斯拉夫語支的來源則是無鼻音的 {{m|sla-pro||*sobota}}。
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|субота}}
*** {{desc|be|субо́та}}
*** {{desc|ru|суббо́та}}
*** {{desc|rue|субо́та}}
*** {{desc|uk|субо́та}}
*** {{desctree|krl|suovatta|bor=1}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|сѫбота|sclang=1}}、{{l|cu|собота}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱄⱘⰱⱁⱅⰰ|sclang=1}}、{{l|cu|ⱄⱆⰱⱁⱅⰰ}}
** {{desc|bg|съ́бота|съ́мбута}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|mk|сабота}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|су̀бота|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|sùbota|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|sobọ́ta}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|sobota}}
** {{desc|csb|sobòta}}
** {{desc|pox|sübötă}}
** {{desc|pl|sobota}}
** {{desc|szl|sobota}}
** {{desc|sk|sobota}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|sobota}}
*** {{desc|hsb|sobota}}
* 非斯拉夫語族語言:
** {{desc|hu|szombat|bor=1}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|суббо́та}}
{{c|sla-pro|星期名稱|sort={{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
f79f5gqjhecvyg4x8ohdd4h8176svbb
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{compound|sla-pro|*ne|t1=不|*dělo|t2=工作|*-ja}}。或源自{{compound|sla-pro|*ne|t1=不|*děliti|t2=分隔|*-ja}}。
對於其意思,可對比:
* 星期日 > 星期:{{nc|oj|anamaʼe-giizhik}}、{{nc|ka|კვირა}}、{{nc|rom|kurko}}、{{nc|nv|damóo}}、{{nc|twf|tumį́ku}}、{{nc|kyj|domingko}}。
* 夏季 > 年:{{nc|sla-pro|*lěto}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*nedě̀ľa}}
# [[星期日]],[[週日]]
# [[星期]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|nedě̀ľa|ap=a}}
====参见====
{{table:days of the week/sla-pro}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*poneděľa}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|orv|недѣ́лꙗ}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|недѣлѧ}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|недѣлꙗ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱀⰵⰴⱑⰾⱑ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|неде́ля|недя́ля}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|mk|не́дела}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|нѐдеља|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|нѐдјеља}}、{{l|sh|нѐђеља}}
**: {{desc|sh|nèdelja|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|nèdjelja}}、{{l|sh|nèđelja}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sh|弗加達}}:{{l|sh|nedȉļa}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sh|奧爾班尼奇}}:{{l|sh|nedȅlja}}
*** 卡伊卡維亞方言 {{a|sh|貝德尼亞}}:{{l|sh|nedȅljo}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|nedẹ́lja}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|nedělě|alt=nedělě? (nedyelyu/nedyeliu)|neděle|alt2=neděle (nedělí/nedıele/nediele)|nedele|alt3=nedele (nedelu)|t3=星期日;星期}}
*** {{desc|cs|neděle}}
** {{desc|csb|niedzela}}
** {{desc|pox|nideľă}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|niedziela|alt=niedziela (nyedzela/nedzela/nyedzyelye)}}
*** {{desc|pl|niedziela}}
** {{desc|szl|ńydźela}}
** {{desc|sk|nedeľa}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|njeźela}}
*** {{desc|hsb|njedźela}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*neděľa|115|24}}
{{c|sla-pro|星期名稱|sort={{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{suffix|sla-pro|*pętъ|t1=第五|*ъkъ}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[星期五]],[[週五]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====参见====
{{table:days of the week/sla-pro}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|пя́тніца}}
** {{desc|ru|пя́тница}}
** {{desc|rue|пя́тніця}}
** {{desc|uk|п'я́тниця}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|пѧтъкъ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱂⱔⱅⱏⰽⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|пе́тък|пе́нтък}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|mk|петок}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|пе́так|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|pétak|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|pẹ́tək}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|pátek}}
*** {{desc|cs|pátek}}
** {{desc|csb|piątk}}
** {{desc|pl|piątek}}
** {{desc|szl|pjůntek}}
** {{desc|sk|piatok}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|pětk}}
*** {{desc|hsb|pjatk}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族語言:
** {{desc|hu|péntek|bor=1}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|пя́тница}}
{{c|sla-pro|星期名稱|sort={{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
knjpjo71tnovrv3oy4pdk28pjjyvala
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
源自{{suffix|sla-pro|*četvьrtъ|t1=第四|*ъkъ}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[星期四]],[[週四]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====参见====
{{table:days of the week/sla-pro}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|чацве́р}}
** {{desc|ru|четве́рг}}
** {{desc|rue|четве́рь}}
** {{desc|uk|четве́р}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|четврьтъкъ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱍⰵⱅⰲⱃⱐⱅⱏⰽⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|четвъ́ртък|четвръ́тък}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|mk|четврток}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|четвр́так|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|četvŕtak|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|četŕtək}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|čtvrtek}}
*** {{desc|cs|čtvrtek}}
**** 波西米亞 {{a|cs|霍德方言}}:{{l|cs|štvrtek}}
** {{desc|csb|czwiôrtk|czwôrtk}}
** {{desc|pl|czwartek}}
** {{desc|szl|sztwortek}}
** {{desc|sk|štvrtok}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|štwórtk}}
*** {{desc|dsb|stwórtk}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族語言:
** {{desc|hu|csütörtök|bor=1}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|четве́рг}}
{{c|sla-pro|星期名稱|sort={{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
qvf9wml139vw7xk1npqr4t4hfr3mwi3
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱerd-}}
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*śerd-}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱerd-}}。與{{cog|lt|šerdìs||核,核心,髓}}。“星期三 ← 一星期的中間”之義,可對比{{cog|de|Mittwoch}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*serdà}}
# [[中間]]
# [[星期三]],[[週三]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|serdà|ap=c}}
====参见====
{{table:days of the week/sla-pro}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*serdъkъ||中間,中心}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*oserdъkъ||中間,中心}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*serdъkovъ||中間的,中心的}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*serdьňь||中間的,中心的}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*sьrdьce||心臟}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|середа}}
*** {{desc|ru|середа́}}
*** {{desc|zle-obe|середа}}<ref>{{R:zle-obe:HSBM|середа|230|31|url=sereda}}</ref>
**** {{desc|be|серада́}}
*** {{desc|zle-ouk|середа}}<ref>{{R:zle-ouk:SSUM|середа|339|2}}</ref>
**** {{desc|uk|середа́}}
**** {{desc|rue|се́реда}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|срѣда}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱄⱃⱑⰴⰰ}}
*** {{desc|ru|среда́|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|sms|seärad|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bg|сря́да}}
** {{desc|mk|среда}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|сре́да|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|срије́да}}
**: 拉丁语:{{l|sh|sréda}}、{{l|sh|srijéda}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|srẹ̑da}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|střěda}}
*** {{desc|cs|středa}}
** {{desc|csb|strzoda}}
** {{desc|pox|sredă}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|śrzoda}}
*** {{desc|pl|środa}}
** {{desc|szl|strzoda}}
** {{desc|sk|streda}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|srjoda}}
*** {{desc|hsb|srjeda}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族語言
** {{desc|hu|szerda|bor=1}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|середа}}
{{topics|sla-pro|星期名稱|sort={{SUBPAGENAME}}}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱerd-}}
源自早期的 {{m|sla-pro||*sьrdь}} {{suffix|sla-pro||*ьce}},為{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*śirˀdís}}的擴展,源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱérd}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|head=*sь̑rdьce|n}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|485|*sь̏rdьce|n. jo (c) ‘heart’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|sьrdьce|''b/c'' hjerte (PR 135)}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=srcẹ̑|passage=*sь̑rdьce}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:DPSQ|page=9|passage=*sь̑rdьce}}</ref>
# {{topics|sla-pro|身體部位}} [[心臟]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=b}}
{{sla-decl-noun|sь̑rdьce|ap=c}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der-top}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*milosьrdъ||仁慈的,憐憫的}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьrdъkъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьrdьcь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьrdьje}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьrdьnъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*sьrditi||激怒}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*sьrditъ||慍怒的}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*sьrdъla|g=m}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*sьrdъľo|g=n|t=生悶氣者}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*nasьrditi}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*nasьrdъka}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*nasьrdъkъ}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*nasьrdьje}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*osьrditi}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osьrdьčati}}
{{der-bottom}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*serdà||中間,中心}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*sьrdьčьnъ||衷心的}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|сьрдьце|alt=сь́рдьце|сьрдьце|alt2=сьрдьце́}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|се́рдце|се́рце}}<ref>{{R:zle-obe:HSBM|сeрдце|224|31|url=serdtse}}</ref><ref>{{R:zle-ouk:SSUM|сeрдьце|339|2}}</ref>
**** {{desc|be|сэрца}}
**** {{desc|rue|се́рдце}}
**** {{desc|uk|се́рце}}
*** {{desc|ru|се́рдце}};{{l|ru|се́реце}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|сердьце}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|срьдьце}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱄⱃⱐⰴⱐⱌⰵ}}
** {{desc|bg|сърце}} {{qual|1945年以前作 {{m|bg||сърдце}}}}
** {{desc|mk|срце}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ср̏це|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|sȑce|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|srcẹ̑}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|srdce}}
*** {{desc|cs|srdce}}
** {{desc|csb|serce|sérce}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|sierce}}
*** {{desc|pl|serce}}
** {{desc|szl|śerce}}
** {{desc|sk|srdce}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|serce}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|сердце}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|сердце|156|2}}
* {{R:ru:Shansky|сердце}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
5weuohtlwo3tr1du2l185nrmc726hmv
evanesco
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==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{affix|la|ex-|t1=离,走|vānēscō|t2=消失}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|ēvānēscō}}
===动词===
{{la-verb|3.nopass|ēvānēscō|ēvānu}}
# [[消失]]
# [[消逝]]
# [[灭绝]]
# [[衰弱]],[[衰退]]
====变位====
{{la-conj|3.nopass|ēvānēscō|ēvānu}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|la|vānēscō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|en|evanesce|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|esvaecer|esvaír}}
* {{desc|es|desvanecer|evanescer}}
* {{desc|pt|desvanecer}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*exvanire|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|esvanir}}
** {{desc|fro|esvanir}}、{{desc|fro|evanir|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|fr|évanouir|vanouir}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|en|evanish|vanish}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
==西班牙语==
===动词===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|evanescer}}
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असवार
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==馬瓦里語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mwr|inc-ogu|असवार}},源自{{der|mwr|fa-cls|اسوار|tr=asvâr}} 或 {{der|mwr|ar|اسوار|tr=aswār}},兩者都源自{{der|mwr|pal|tr=[[ʾswbʾl]]|ts=aswār}},源自{{der|mwr|peo|𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼}}。
===名詞===
{{mwr-noun|g=m|mahj=𑅐𑅰𑅯𑅭}}
# [[騎馬]]者
# (任何車輛或動物的)[[騎手]],[[騎士]]
==古古吉拉特語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|inc-ogu|fa-cls|اسوار|tr=asvâr}} 或{{bor|inc-ogu|ar|اسوار|tr=aswār}},兩者都源自{{der|inc-ogu|pal|tr=[[ʾswbʾl]]|ts=aswār}},源自{{der|inc-ogu|peo|𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼}}。
===名詞===
{{inc-ogu-noun|g=m}}
# [[騎馬]]者
#* {{Q|inc-ogu|year=1422|2=佚名|3=कालिकसूरिकथा|quote=पुंतार पुंतारि स्यउं '''असवार''' '''असवारि''' स्यउं रथ रथि स्यउं पायक पायकि स्यउं युद्ध नीपजावइ।|trans=馴象師接著馴象師,'''騎手'''接著'''騎手''',戰車接著戰車,步兵接著步兵,發生了戰爭。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gu|અસવાર}}
* {{desc|mwr|-}}
*: {{desc|mwr|असवार|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅐𑅰𑅯𑅭|sclang=1}}
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آخشام
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{{also|أجسام}}
==阿塞拜疆语==
===名词===
{{az-noun-arab|tr=axşam|ێ|tr2=axşamı|لار|tr3=axşamlar}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|axşam}}
====变格====
{{az-noun-arab-c|a}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|آقشام|tr1=akşam}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-oat||tr=aχşam|t=夜晚}}。類似{{cog|xqa||tr=aχşam|t=夜晚}}、{{cog|qwm||tr=akşām|t=夜晚|sc=Arab}},早期借自{{der|ota|sog||tr=*χşām|t=夜晚}}的突厥語族詞彙。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=akşam}}
# [[傍晚]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|آخشام نماز|tr=akşam namaz}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|akşam}}
* {{desc|sq|aksham|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ka|ვახშამი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|акшам|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|а̀кшам|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|àkšam|sclang=1}}
{{c|ota|時間}}
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आर्द्रक
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==梵语==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===发音===
{{sa-IPA}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|g=m}}
# [[潮濕]],[[濕氣]]
====派生語彙====
{{rel-top|繼承自{{m|sa|आर्द्रक}}的詞}}
* {{desc|pra|-}} {{qual|中古印度-雅利安語{{m|inc-ash|𑀓}}}}
*: {{desc|pra-pai|-}}
** {{desc|inc-avr|-}}
*** {{desc|sd|-}}
***: {{desc|sd|آڊوڪو|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|sd|आडोको|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|sd|-|der=1}}
****: {{desc|sd|آڏارڻ |sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|sd|आॾारणु|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pra-sau||alt=*𑀅𑀤𑁆𑀤-𑀕}}
** {{desc|inc-asa|-}}
*** 印度斯坦語:
***: {{desc|hi|ओदा|tr=-}}
***: {{desc|ur|اودَا}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|g=n}}
# [[薑]]
===专有名词===
{{sa-proper noun|g=m}}
# 一國王的名字
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آدمی
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{{also|آدمي}}
==古旁遮普語==
===词源===
{{dercat|inc-opa|he}}
借自{{bor|inc-opa|fa-cls|آدمی|tr=ādamī}},源自{{der|inc-opa|ar|آدَمِيّ||人類}}。
===名词===
{{inc-opa-noun|head=آدَمی|g=m|gur=ਆਦਮੀ}}
# [[人]],[[人類]]
# [[僕人]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pa||alt=ādmī}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਆਦਮੀ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|آدْمِی|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:inc-opa:Glossary|24|head=ਆਦਮੀ}}
* {{R:inc-opa:SGGS|ਆਦਮੀ}}
{{topics|inc-opa|人}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{dercat|ur|he}}
借自{{bor|ur|fa-cls|آدمی|tr=ādamī}},源自{{der|ur|ar|آدَمِيّ||人類}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|ādmī}}
* {{hyph|ur|آدْ|مِی}}
* {{rhymes|ur|iː}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|m|head=آدْمی|hi=आदमी}}
# {{lb|ur|多指}} [[男人]]
#: {{syn|ur|بَنْدَہ|tr1=banda|مَرْد|tr2=mard}}
# [[人類]]
# [[人]],[[個人]]
====变格====
{{ur-noun-ī-m|آدْمِ|ādm}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts|آدمي|33}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi||7}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
{{topics|ur|人}}
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quadraginta
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==拉丁语==
{{number box|la|40}}
{{wikipedia|lang=la||quadrāgintā}}
===其他形式===
* 羅馬數字:'''XL'''
===词源===
源自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*kʷétwr̥dḱomt||四-十}}。與{{cog|grc|τετρώκοντα}}、{{cog|sa|चत्वारिंशत्|tr=catvāriṃśát}}等同源。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|quadrāgintā|eccl=yes}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-quadraginta.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
===数词===
{{la-num-noun|quadrāgintā|indecl=1|type=card}}
# {{cln|la|基數詞}} [[四十]];40
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|duodēquadrāgintā}}
* {{l|la|ūndēquadrāgintā}}
* {{l|la|quarranta}} {{qual|晚期}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|la|quattuor}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 达尔马提亚语:
** {{desc|dlm|quaranta|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|quaranta}}
** {{desc|it|quaranta}}
*** {{desc|pml|quaranta|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nap|quaranta}}
** {{desc|scn|quaranta}}
* 北意大利语支:
** {{desc|egl|quaranta}}
** {{desc|fur|cuarante}}
** {{desc|ist|quaranta}}
** {{desc|lld|caranta}}
** {{desc|lij|quaranta}}
** {{desc|lmo|quaranta}}
** {{desc|pms|quaranta}}
** {{desc|rgn|quarânta}}
** {{desc|rm|quaranta|curonta|curànta|curanta|quaraunta}}
** {{desc|vec|cuaranta|quaranta}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|quaranta}}
** {{desctree|fro|quarante}}
* 奧西坦-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|quarenta|quaranta}}
** {{desc|ca|quaranta|coranta}}
*** {{desc|sc|coranta|bor=1}} {{qual|坎皮達諾}}
** {{desc|oc|quaranta}}
* 西伊比利亞語支:
** {{desc|roa-ole|}}
*** {{desc|ast|cuarenta}}
*** {{desc|ext|cuarenta}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|cuarenta}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|quaraenta|quareenta|quarenta|quaranta}}
*** {{desc|gl|corenta}}
*** {{desc|pt|quarenta}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|osp|cuaraenta|quaraenta}}
*** {{desc|lad|kuarenta}}
*** {{desctree|es|cuarenta}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|baranta}} {{qual|洛古多羅}}、{{l|sn|cuaranta}} {{qual|坎皮達諾}}
{{bottom}}
====参见====
* [[Appendix:拉丁語基數詞]]
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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ਈਮਾਨੁ
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==古旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-opa|ar|ء م ن}}
{{bor+|inc-opa|fa-cls|ایمان|tr=īmān}},源自{{der|inc-opa|ar|إِيمَان}}。對照{{cog|inc-ohi|इमांन|tr=imā̃n}}。
===名詞===
{{inc-opa-noun|g=m}}
# {{c|inc-opa|情緒}} [[信任]],[[信念]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pa|-}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਇਮਾਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|اِیمان|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:inc-opa:Glossary|29}}
* {{R:inc-opa:SGGS}}
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ਅਕਲਿ
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==古旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-opa|ar|ع ق ل}}
{{bor+|inc-opa|fa-cls|عَقل|tr='aql}},源自{{der|inc-opa|ar|عَقْل}}。對照{{nc|inc-ohi|अकलि}}。
===名詞===
{{inc-opa-noun|g=f}}
# [[感知]],[[理解]]
#* {{Q|inc-opa|Bhagat Kabir|Adi Granth|ang 333|transauthor=Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa|transyear=1972|quote=ਗੁਰ ਪਰਸਾਦਿ '''ਅਕਲਿ''' ਭਈ ਅਵਰੈ ਨਾਤਰੁ ਥਾ ਬੇਗਾਨਾ॥|t= 承上師之恩,我的'''理解'''得到了改變; 否則,我是完全無知的。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pa|-}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਅਕ਼ਲ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|عَقل|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:inc-opa:Glossary|10}}
* {{R:inc-opa:SGGS}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==阿輸迦普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-ash|sa|ग्रन्थ्}}
源自 {{com|inc-ash|*𑀫𑀡𑀺|*𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺}}(參見{{m+|sa|मणि|tr=maṇí}} 和{{m+|pra|𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺}})。取代了{{m+|sa|मणिबन्ध}}。<ref name="CDIAL">{{R:CDIAL|*maṇigranthi|9734|page=558}}</ref>
===名詞===
{{inc-ash-noun}}<ref name="CDIAL"/>
# {{lb|inc-ash|解剖學}} [[手腕]]
# [[手鐲]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra|-}}
*: {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
**: {{desc|omr|मणिकट|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|मणिगट}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘦𑘡𑘲𑘎𑘘|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|𑘦𑘡𑘲𑘐𑘘}}
*** {{desc|mr|मनगट}}
* {{→}} 南達羅毗荼語:
** 中南部:
*** {{desc|te|మణికట్టు}}
** 泰米爾-卡納達語:
*** {{desc|kn|ಮಣಿಕಟ್ಟು}}
*** 泰米爾-馬拉雅拉姆語:
**** {{desc|ml|മണിക്കണ്ടം}}
**** {{desc|ta|மணிக்கட்டு}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{c|inc-ash|珠寶}}
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𑀳𑀻𑀭𑀕
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|हीरक}}。字面上可以拆解為{{suf|pra|𑀳𑀻𑀭|𑀕}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=n}}
# [[鑽石]]
====變格====
{{pmh-decl-noun|n}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|হীৰা}}
* {{desc|bn|হীরা}}
* {{desc|gu|હીરો}}
* 印度斯坦語:hīrā
*: {{desc|tr=-|hi|हीरा}}
*: {{desc|ur|ہِیرا}}
* {{desc|mr|हिरा}}
* {{desc|pa||alt=hīrā}}
*: {{desc|tr=-|sclang=1|pa|ਹੀਰਾ}}
*: {{desc|tr=-|sclang=1|pa|ہِیرا}}
* {{desc|sd|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sd|هيِرو}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sd|हीरो}}
{{c|pra|寶石}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/ędro
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{{also|Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/ědro}}
{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sla-pro|*jędro}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro||*h₁en-d(ʰ)r-óm}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁én||里,在...里}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*ędro}}
# [[核心]]
====变格====
{{rfinfl|sla-pro|名詞}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|ꙗдро}}
*** {{desc|be|ядро́}}
*** {{desctree|ru|ядро́}}
*** {{desc|rue|ядро́}}
*** {{desc|uk|ядро́}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ѩдро}}
** {{desc|mk|јадро}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|је̏дро|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|jȅdro|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kjv|jādrȅ|t=核心}}、{{l|sh|jãdro}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|jêdro}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desctree|zlw-ocs|jádro}}
** {{desc|pox|jǫdrĕ}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|jądro}}
*** {{desc|pl|jądro}}
** {{desc|szl|jōndro}}
** {{desc|sk|jadro}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|jědro}}
*** {{desc|hsb|jadro}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|ядро́}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|157|*ędro}}
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{{also|ألت}}
==阿塞拜疆语==
===名词===
{{az-noun-arab|1=ی|2=لر|tr=alət|tr2=aləti|tr3=alətlər}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|alət|t=[[工具]]}}
====变格====
{{az-noun-arab-c|ə}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*ăl||下面,下方}}。
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=alt}}
# [[底部]];[[下面]]
#: {{syn|ota|دیب|tr=dip}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|alt}}
===词源 2===
最终源自{{der|ota|ar|آلَة}}。{{root|ota|ar|ء و ل}}
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=alet}}
# [[工具]],[[器械]]
# {{lb|ota|俚语}} [[陰莖]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|alet}}
* {{desc|sq|hallat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|ала́т|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|алат|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|а̀ла̄т|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|ха̀ла̄т}}
*: {{desc|sh|àlāt|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|hàlāt}}
{{c|ota|生殖器}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|fa|ar|آلَة}}。{{root|fa|ar|ء و ل}}
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|ā|l|a|t}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=âlat}}
# [[工具]],[[器械]]
#: {{syn|fa|ابزار|tr=abzâr|افزار|tr2=afzâr|وسیله|tr3=vasile|دستگاه|tr4=dastgâh}}
# 主[[性器官]]
#: {{syn|fa|اندام جنسی|tr=andâm-e jensi|زهار|tr2=zehâr}}
## [[陰莖]]
##: {{syn|fa|کیر|tr=kir|دول|tr2=dul|نری|tr3=nari|چل|tr4=čol|ذکر|tr5=zakar|قضیب|tr6=qazib}}
## [[陰道]]
##: {{syn|fa|کس|tr=kos|واژن|tr2=vâžen|فرج|tr3=farj}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fa|آلت جنسی|tr=âlat-e jensi|t=主性器官}}
* {{l|fa|آلت تناسلی|tr=âlat-e tanâsoli|t=主性器官}}
* {{l|fa|آلت مردانه|tr=âlat-e mardâne|t=陰莖}}
* {{l|fa|آلت زنانه|tr=âlat-e zanâne|t=陰道}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|ur|آلت|tr=ālat}}
* {{desc|th|อะไหล่|bor=1}}
{{c|fa|生殖器}}
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==古诺尔斯语==
===词源===
{{root|non|ine-pro|*kret-}}
源自{{inh|non|gem-pro|*harduz}},與{{cog|ang|heard}}、{{cog|ofs|herd}}、{{cog|osx|hard}}、{{cog|odt|hart}}、{{cog|goh|hart}}、{{cog|got|𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃}}同源。最终源自{{der|non|ine-pro|*kert-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*kret-||強壯的;有力的}}。
===形容词===
{{non-adj}}
# [[硬]]的
# [[嚴酷]]的,[[嚴峻]]的,[[嚴厲]]的
# [[耐勞]]的
====变格====
{{non-decl-adj|harð|hǫrð|nsn=hart}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|is|harður}}
* {{desc|fo|harður}}
* {{desc|no|-}} {{desc|nn|nolang=1|hard|hard’u|pos2=方言|hard’e}}
** {{desc|nb|hard|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gmq-osw|harþer}}
** {{desc|sv|hård}}
* {{desc|da|hård}}
** {{desc|nb|hård}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:non:Zoega}}
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{{also|یاس|يأس|ياس|تاش|یاش|ياش|باش|باس|تاس|ئاش|ئاس|پاش}}
==中库尔德语==
===形容词===
{{ku-regional|kmr=baş}}
{{ckb-adj|tr=baş}}
# [[好]]的
==哈拉吉語==
===名词===
{{head|klj|名詞|tr=baş|定變格|باشؽ|複數|باشلار}}
# {{spelling of|klj|阿拉伯文|baş|t=[[頭]]}}
====变格====
{{klj-infl-noun-table|باش|باشلار|باشؽین|باشلارؽین|باشقا|باشا|باشلارقا|باشلارا|باشؽ|باشلارؽ|باشچا|باشلارچا|باشتا|باشلاردا|باشلا|باشلارلا|باشوارا|باشلاروارا|باشقَدَر|باشلارقَدَر}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ary|ar|[[بِ]][[أَيِّ]] [[شَيْء]]|t=帶著什麼東西}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ary|/baːʃ/|/baʃ/}}
* {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Fenakhay-باش.wav|音频}}
===连词===
{{head|ary|連詞|head=بَاش|head2=بَاش|tr=bāš|tr2=baš}}
# [[為了]],[[以便]]:{{n-g|後接虛擬式}}
#: {{ux|ary|دخلت للكوزينة باش نشرب الما|tr=dḵult l-el-kuzīna bāš našrub el-mā|t=我走到廚房'''去'''喝水。}}
===副词===
{{head|ary|副詞|head=بَاش|head2=بَاش|tr=bāš|tr2=baš}}
# {{lb|ary|疑問}} 用/帶著[[什麼]]?
#: {{ux|ary|باش كلتي داك الشي؟|tr=bāš kalti dāk eš-ši|t=你'''拿'''什麼吃的?}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*baĺč|t=頭}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=baş}}
# [[頭]]
#: {{uxi|ota|باشدن ایاغه|tr=başdan ayağa|t=從'''頭'''到腳}}
# [[首領]],[[頭目]]
# [[船頭]]
====衍生词汇====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|اوطه باشی|tr=oda başı|t=大總管}}
|{{l|ota|باشجی|tr=başçı|t=賣熟羊頭者}}
|{{l|ota|باشاق|tr=başak|t=穗}}
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gag|baş}}
* {{desc|tr|baş}}
* {{desc|hy|պաշ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|баш|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|баш|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|baș|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ба̏ш|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȁš|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=238}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|volume=1|columns=656–662}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=324}}
* {{R:ota:Zenker|volume=1|pages=163–164}}
{{c|ota|身體部位|航海}}
==波斯语==
===动词===
{{head|fa|動詞變位形式|tr=bâš}}
# {{verb form of|fa|بودن||pres|stem|form|tr=budan}}
==突尼斯阿拉伯語==
===助詞===
{{head|aeb|助詞|tr=bēš}}
# {{n-g|與未完成(現在時)動詞搭配使用,表示將來時}}:[[將要]]
==维吾尔语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ug|trk-pro|*baĺč|t=頭}}。
===名词===
{{ug-noun}}
# [[頭]]
# [[首領]],[[頭目]]
# [[頂部]],[[頂峰]]
# [[遠端]]
# [[末端]]
# [[開始]],[[開端]]
# [[頭髮]]
# [[頭腦]];[[思考]]
# [[生命]]
# [[領導]],[[權威]];[[命令]]
# [[平均]]
====变格====
{{ug-decl-noun-auto|ې}}
===形容词===
{{ug-adj}}
# [[主要]]的,[[首要]]的
===量詞===
{{head|ug|量詞}}
# 量詞,用於計數蔬菜等物品
#: {{uxi|ug|بىر '''باش''' پىياز|一顆洋蔥}}
{{topics|ug|身體部位}}
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|ota|باهجه|tr=bâhce}}
===词源===
借自{{bor|ota|fa|باغچه|tr=bâğče}},{{m|fa|باغ|tr=bâğ}}的指小詞。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=bağçe}}
# [[花園]]
#: {{uxi|ota|خاص باغچه|皇家'''花園'''}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|bahçe}}
* {{desc|bg|бахча́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|μπαξές|μπαχτσές}}
* {{desc|mk|ба́вча|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|бахча́}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|башча}}、{{l|sh|ба́шта}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bašča}}、{{l|sh|bášta}}
* {{desc|crh|bağça|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=242}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=329}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
{{affix|fa|باغ|tr1=bâğ|ـچه|tr2=če|t1=花園}}
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|b|ā|ğ|č|a}}
===名词===
{{fa-regional|باغچه|باغچه|боғча}}
{{fa-noun|tr=bâğče|pl=باغچهها}}
# 小[[花園]];前[[院]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|as|বাগিচা}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|bağça}} / {{l|az|باغچه}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ba|баҡса}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cv|пахча}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mhr|пакча}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ბაღჩა}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|बाग़ीचा}}
*: {{desc|ur|باغیچہ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xal|багц}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|бақша}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|бакча}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|բաղչայ|բաղչա|բաղչէ|բաղջէ|պաղչայ}}
** {{desc|hy|բաղչա}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nog|бакша}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|باغچه|tr=bâğçe}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tt|бакча}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|bakca}}
* {{desc|bor=1|udm|бакча}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|bоgʻcha}}
* {{desc|bor=1|dv|ބަގީޗާ}}
{{bottom}}
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==阿拉伯语==
===词源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ب ق ر}}。
===名词===
{{ar-noun|بَاقِر|m}}
# [[開口]];[[大門]]
===专有名词===
{{ar-proper noun|بَاقِر|m}}
# {{given name|ar|male}}
# {{lb|ar|定形}} {{w|穆罕默德·巴基尔}} {{qualifier|什叶派第五任伊玛目}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
[[File:Native copper (12432818784).jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|باقر}}|upright=1.6]]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|باقیر|tr1=bakır|بقر|tr2=bakır}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*bakïr}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=bakır}}
# [[銅]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|باقراج|tr=bakrac|t=銅製的桶、壺、鍋}}
* {{l|ota|باقرجی|tr=bakırcı|t=銅匠}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|bakır}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|bakër}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|պախըր|փախըր}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|bãcãri}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|бакъ́р}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|μπακίρι}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lad|bakir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|бакар}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ба̀кар}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bàkar}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sl|báker}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=674}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=857|entry=بقر}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=331}}
* {{R:ota:Zenker|volume=1|page=168}}
{{topics|ota|化學元素|金屬}}
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==古安納托利亞土耳其語==
===词源===
{{bor+|trk-oat|fa|برابر|tr=barâbar}}。
===形容词===
{{head|trk-oat|形容詞|tr=beraber, barabar}}
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的
# [[對面]]的
# [[一起]]的,[[一同]]的
===副词===
{{head|trk-oat|副詞|tr=beraber, barabar}}
# [[一起]],[[一同]];[[聯合]]
===衍生词汇===
* {{l|trk-oat|برابرلق|tr=barabarlık}}
===派生語彙===
* {{desc|az|bərabər}}
* {{desctree|ota|برابر|tr=beraber, barabar}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Pomorska|pages=35–36}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-oat|برابر|tr=beraber, barabar}}。
===形容词===
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=beraber, barabar}}
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的
# [[對面]]的
# [[一起]]的,[[一同]]的
===副词===
{{head|ota|副詞|tr=beraber, barabar}}
# [[一起]],[[一同]]
===衍生词汇===
* {{l|ota|برابرلك|tr=beraberlik}}
* {{l|ota|برابرلهمك|tr=beraberlemek}}
* {{l|ota|برابرلجه|tr=beraberce}}
===派生語彙===
* {{desc|tr|beraber}}
* {{desc|rup|bara-bara|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|бараба́р|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lad|baraber|alts=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|барабар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|bărăbar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бара̀бар|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|baràbar|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=258b}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=743}}
==普什图语==
===发音===
* {{IPA|ps|/barɑˈbar/}}
===名词===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=barâbar}}
# [[相等]],[[等同]]
==波斯语==
===词源===
{{affix|fa|بر|ا|بر|tr1=bar|tr2=â|tr3=bar}}。
===发音===
{{fa-regional|برابر|برابر|баробар}}
* {{fa-IPA/old|b|a|r|ā|b|a|r}}
===形容词===
{{head|fa|形容詞|tr=barâbar|head=بَرابَر}}
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的
#: {{ux|fa|در مقابل قانون همه برابرند.|tr=dar moqâbel-e qânun hame '''barâbar'''-and.|t=法律面前人人'''平等'''。}}
#* {{quote-book|fa|chapter=5:1619|year=c. 1260|title={{w|玛斯纳维}}|author={{w|鲁米}}|text=که برابر مینهد شاه مجید، اشک را در فضل با خون شهید.|tr=ke '''barâbar''' mi-nehad šâh-e majid, ašk-râ dar fazl bâ xun-e šahid.|t=因为光荣的国王将眼泪与烈士的鲜血相提并论。}}
#: {{syn|fa|مساوی|tr=mosâvi|همچند|tr2=hamčand}}
#: {{ant|fa|نابرابر|tr=nâbarâbar}}
# [[對面]]的
===副词===
{{fa-adv|tr=barâbar|head=بَرابَر}}
# [[同等]]地
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=barâbar|head=بَرابَر}}
# [[倍]]
#: {{uxi|fa|یکصد برابر|tr=yek-sad '''barâbar'''|t=一百'''倍'''}}
#: {{ux|fa|در سوریه قیمت نان دو برابر قیمت پارسال است.|tr=dar suriye qimat-e nân do '''barâbar'''-e qimat-e pârsâl ast.|t=敘利亞的麵包價格比起去年要翻'''倍'''了。}}
# [[對面]]
====衍生词汇====
{{der2|fa
|{{l|fa|برابری|tr=barâbari|t=平等,相等}}
|{{l|fa|در برابر|tr=dar barâbar-e|t=反,對}}
|{{l|fa|برابر شدن|tr=barâbar šodan|t=變得相等}}
|{{l|fa|برابر کردن|tr=barâbar kardan|t=對比,比較;使相等}}
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|hy|բարեբար|բարաբար|բարեմբար|բարամբար|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|বরাবর|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|બરાબર|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|बराबर}}
*: {{desc|ur|بَرابَر|tr=barābar}}
*:* {{desc|phl|baraabár|bor=1}}
*:* {{desc|ush|برابر|tr=barābar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|барабар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|बरोबर|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|trk-oat|برابر|tr=beraber, barabar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ps|برابر|tr=barâbar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: 古木基文:{{l|pa|ਬਰਾਬਰ}}
*: 沙穆基文:{{l|pa|بَرابَر}}
* {{desc|sw|barabara|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|باراۋەر|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
==旁遮普语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|pa|بروبر|tr=barobar|}}
===词源===
源自{{der|pa|fa|برابر|tr=barâbar}}。
===形容词===
{{pa-adj|tr=barābar|gur=ਬਰਾਬਰ}}
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
源自{{der|ur|fa|برابر|tr=barâbar}}。
===形容词===
{{ur-adj|tr=barābar|hi=बराबर}}
# [[並列]]的
# [[平坦]]的
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的
# [[相似]]的,[[類似]]的
# [[相鄰]]的,[[鄰近]]的
===副词===
{{ur-adv|tr=barābar|hi=बराबर}}
# [[持續]]地
# 不[[拖延]]地
==烏修基語==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ush|ur|برابر|tr=barābar}}。
===形容词===
{{head|ush|形容詞|g=|tr=barābar}}
# [[相等]]的,[[等同]]的;[[相似]]的,[[相同]]的
# [[健康]]的
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==梵语==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
{{sa-root|प्री|PIE=preyH|मन्|t=取悅,使愉快;喜歡,愛;享受}}。
===发音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|tr=premán|g=mn}}
# {{c|sa|愛}} {{qual|+ 方位格}} [[愛]];[[喜愛]]
#: {{usex|sa|पिता पुत्रे '''प्रेम''' करोति।|t=父親'''愛'''兒子。}}
#: {{synonyms|sa|अभिमतता|स्नेह|काम|अनुराग|अनुरक्ति|अनुरञ्जन|प्रीति|रथ|रति|अनुरति|भग|अपह्नव|हार्द|चित्तज|भाव|जुष्टि|कैशिक|बन्धित्र|कामिता|कामित्व|राग|प्रिय|प्रियता|रमकत्व|सरागता|सरागत्व|रङ्ग|शरीरज|स्वान्तज|उज्ज्वल|सुभगता|वल्लभता|वल्लभत्व|वाल्लभ्य|वेना}}
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|premán}}
{{sa-decl-noun-n|premán}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pgd|𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨨}}
* {{desc|pi|pema}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀧𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫|𑀧𑁂𑀫|𑀧𑁂𑀫𑁆𑀫}}
** {{desc|si|පෙම}}
* {{desc|as|প্ৰেম|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|প্রেম|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પ્રેમ|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-ohi|प्रेम|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಪ್ರೇಮ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ml|പ്രേമം|bor=1}}
* {{desc|omr|-|tr=prema|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|प्रेम|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘹𑘦|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mr|प्रेम}}
* {{desc|ne|प्रेम|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ପ୍ରେମ|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-opa|ਪ੍ਰੇਮੁ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|پِريمُ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|प्रेमु|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|te|ప్రేమ|bor=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sa:MW|711}}
* {{R:sa:DCS}}
* {{R:sa:Apte|page=1139}}
* {{R:sa:Macdonell|page=188}}
* {{R:inc:Turner|page=504|hw=1}}
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{{also|پز|پر|تز|ثر|بر|بژ|تر}}
==阿拉伯语==
===词源 1===
與{{cog|arc|בִּיזָא}}、{{m|syc|ܒܷܙܐ|tr=bizzā|t=乳頭}}、{{m|arc|בּוּזָא|tr=buzzā|t=乳頭}}、{{cog|uga|𐎁𐎑|t=乳頭}}同源。與{{cog|akk|𒍣𒍣𒂊|ts=zīzu|t=乳頭}}、{{cog|he|זִיז|tr=zīz|t=充裕;突起;乳頭}}、{{cog|he|דַּד|tr=dad|t=乳頭}}、{{cog|arc|דַּדָּא|tr=daddā|t=乳頭}}不同。
{{etymid|ar|乳頭}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|بِزّ|head2=بُزّ|m|pl=بِزَاز|pl2=أَبْزَاز}}
# {{senseid|ar|乳頭}}[[乳頭]]
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بِزّ|head2=بُزّ|m|pl=بِزَاز|pl2=أَبْزَاز}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ar|بَزَّازَة|t=奶嘴}}
===词源 2===
回借自某閃米特語族語言({{cog|akk|𒁍𒌋𒋗|tr=bu-u-ṣu|ts=būṣu}});參見{{m|ar|بِزَّة|t=套裝}}。
* 借自{{bor|ar|xcl|բեհեզ|tr=}}或更早期的{{bor|ar|xcl||*բեեզ}}
* 或是{{clipping|ar|بُزْيُون|t=一種絲製服裝}},源自{{bor|ar|gkm|βυσσίνη}},或源自{{der|ar|grc|βύσσος|t=一種非常細的淡黃色亞麻及用其織成的布}}。
{{etymid|ar|服裝}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|بَزّ|m|pl=بُزُوز}}
# {{senseid|ar|服裝}}{{lb|ar|now|_|regional}} [[服裝]],[[衣服]]
#* {{RQ:Sunna|tirmidhi|14|12}}
#*: {{quote|ar|قَدِمَ بَزٌّ مِنَ ٱلشَّامِ لِفُلَانٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ|一些'''衣服'''从北方运来,送给某某犹太人。}}
#* {{RQ:Sunna|malik|31}}
#*: {{quote|ar|قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الإِبِلَ أَوِ الْغَنَمَ أَوِ الْبَزَّ أَوِ الرَّقِيقَ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْعُرُوضِ جِزَافًا إِنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ الْجِزَافُ فِي شَىْءٍ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ عَدًّا.|马利克谈到一个人买了骆驼、绵羊、'''衣服'''、奴隶和任何更大的物品而没有精确测量,就没有批发获得可以计算的东西。}}
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بَزّ|pl=بُزُوز}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ar|بَزَّاز|t=賣衣服者}}
* {{l|ar|بِزَازَة|t=賣衣服}}
* {{l|ar|بَزَّ|t=強行除去;掠奪}}
* {{l|ar|اِبْتَزَّ|t=強行除去;掠奪}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|bəz|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|بز|bor=1|tr=bez|id=服裝}}
===词源 3===
可能源自{{m|ar|بَزّ|t=服裝}}。
{{etymid|ar|掠奪}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.vn:بَزّ}}
# {{senseid|ar|掠奪}} [[強行]][[除去]];[[掠奪]]
#: {{uxi|ar|مَن عَزَّ بَزَّ.|得胜者得其财。}}
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.vn:بَزّ}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|بَزّ|m}}
# {{senseid|ar|掠奪}}{{ar-verbal noun of|بَزَّ|form=I}}
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بَزّ}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ar:Dozy|volume=1|page=80}}
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=42}}
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=1|pages=116–117}}
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=1|pages=119|entry=بزيون}}
* {{R:ar:Kazimirski|volume=1|page=120}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|page=198}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|page=70}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-5-de|page=86}}
{{topics|ar|器官|服裝}}
==阿塞拜疆语==
===代詞===
{{head|az|代詞|tr=biz}}
# {{alternative spelling of|az|بیز}}
==巴赫蒂亚里语==
===名词===
{{head|bqi|名詞|tr=boz}}
# [[山羊]]
==克爾曼語==
===其他形式===
* {{cog|kfm|-}}:{{alter|xme-ker|بزە|tr=buzä}}
* {{cog|soj|-}}:{{alter|xme-ker|بوزە|tr=būzä}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|xme-ker|xme-old|*buzə́h}},源自{{inh|xme-ker|ira-pro|*bujáh}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|xme-ker|/boz/|a=xme-far,xme-yar}}
* {{IPA|xme-ker|/buz/|a=gzi,xme-kaf,xme-kes,kfm,xme-sed,xme-von,xme-zef}}
* {{IPA|xme-ker|/biz/|a=xme-mah}}
* {{IPA|xme-ker|/bøz/|a=xme-qoh}}
* {{IPA|xme-ker|/bu̞z/|a=xme-yaz}}
===名词===
{{head|xme-ker|名詞|tr=buz}}
# [[山羊]]
==马赞德兰语==
{{wikipedia|lang=mzn}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|mzn|ira-pro|*bujáh}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|mzn|/bɛz/}}
===名词===
{{mzn-noun|tr=bez}}
# [[山羊]]
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*bi-ŕ||我們}}。與{{cog|otk|𐰋𐰃𐰕|tr=biz|t=我們}}同源。
{{etymid|ota|我們}}
====代詞====
{{head|ota|代詞|head='''بز'''|tr=biz}}
# {{senseid|ota|我們}}[[我們]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|biz}}
===词源 2===
借自{{bor|ota|fa|بز|tr=boz}}。
{{etymid|ota|山羊}}
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=büz}}
# {{senseid|ota|山羊}}[[山羊]]
#: {{syn|ota|كچی|tr=keçi}}
===词源 3===
借自{{bor|ota|ar|بَزّ}},但也可能受到{{cog|gkm|βύσσος}}的影響。<ref>{{cite-journal|first=Alexander|last=Vovin|title=Fabrication of Turkic ''böz'' 'fabric' in Japan and Korea|journal=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|volume=71|issue=3|location=Budapest|publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó|year=2018|pages=263–284}}。</ref><ref>{{R:trk:Clauson|entry=böːz|page=389}}。</ref>與{{cog|otk|𐰋𐰕|tr=böz}}、{{cog|xqa|بُوزْ|tr=bȫz}}、{{cog|chg|بوز|tr=böz}}、{{cog|ug|بۆز}}、{{cog|tk|biz}}、{{cog|cv|пир}}等同源。
{{etymid|ota|衣物}}
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=bez}}
# {{senseid|ota|衣物}}[[布料]];[[織物]];[[衣物]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|bez}}
* {{desc|crh|böz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cv|пӳс|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|бязь|безь}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|бе̏з|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȅz|sclang=1}}
===词源 4===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*bẹńŕ||腫脹;傷疤;潰瘍}},<ref>{{R:tut-pro:SDM|*bẹńŕ|url=https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fturcet&text_number=1815&root=config}}</ref>或 {{m|trk-pro|*ber||腫脹;腺}}。<ref>{{R:tut-pro:SDM|*ber|url=https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fturcet&text_number=1333&root=config}}</ref>
{{etymid|ota|腺}}
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=bez}}
# {{senseid|ota|腺}}{{lb|ota|解剖学}} [[腺]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|bez}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
{{topics|ota|服裝|織物|山羊}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|بج|tr1=buj||古典波斯語}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*bujáh}},源自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*bʰuȷ́ás}},源自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*bʰūǵ-o-s}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*bʰuǵ-||公山羊}}。與{{cog|en|buck||公山羊}}同源。
===发音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|b|u|z|teh=0}}
* {{audio|fa|Fa-بز.ogg|音频}}
===名词===
{{fa-regional|بز|بز|буз}}
{{fa-noun|tr=boz|pl=بزها|pltr=boz-hâ}}
# [[山羊]]
{{topics|fa|山羊}}
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==阿拉伯语==
[[File:Tea cup with Arabic Calligraphy.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|{{lang|ar|فِنْجَان}}]]
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===词源===
源自{{bor|ar|fa-cls|پنگان|tr=pingān}}。
===发音===
* {{ar-pr|فِنْجَان}}
===名词===
{{ar-noun|فِنْجَان|m|pl=فَنَاجِين}}
# [[杯子]]
====变格====
{{ar-decl-noun|فِنْجَان|pl=فَنَاجِين}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|afb|فنيان|tr=finyān}}
* {{desc|acw|فنجان|tr=finjān}}
* {{desc|az|fincan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ფინჯანი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gdq||sc=Latn|alt=fīgōn, fíjún|bor=1}}
* {{desc|axm|ֆինջան|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|فنجان|tr=fenjân|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|финҷон|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|فنجان|tr=fincan|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
{{c|ar|飲食容器}}
==汉志阿拉伯语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|acw|ar|فِنْجان}},源自{{der|acw|fa|پنگان|tr=pengân}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|acw|/finˈd͡ʒaːn/}}
===名词===
{{acw-noun|g=m|tr=finjān|pl=فناجين|pltr=fanājīn}}
# 小[[杯子]];[[咖啡杯]]
====参见====
* {{l|acw|بيالة|tr=biyāla||小杯子;茶杯}}
* {{l|acw|كاسة|tr=kāsa||玻璃杯}}
* {{l|acw|كوب|tr=kōb||馬克杯}}
{{c|acw|飲食容器}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|ota|ar|فِنْجَان}},源自{{der|ota|fa-cls|پنگان|tr=pingān}}。{{doublet|ota|پنگان|tr1=pingân}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=fincan}}
# [[杯子]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|fincan}}
* {{desc|ab|афырџьан|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uby|fərədʒan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|filxhan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|filgiane|fligiane}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|филджа́н}}
* {{desc|crh|filcan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|φλιτζάνι|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|findzsa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|fîncan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lad|findjan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|филџан|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|filigean|felegean}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|pl|filiżanka}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|fìldžān|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|фѝлџа̄н|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zza|fîncon}}
{{c|ota|飲食容器}}
==波斯语==
[[File:Demitasse.jpg|thumb|{{m|fa|فنجان|tr=fenjân}}]]
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|فنجون|tr1=fenjun||口语}}
===词源===
源自{{der|fa|ar|فِنْجان}},源自{{der|fa|fa-cls|پنگان|tr=pingān}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|fin`jān|teh=fin`jūn}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=fenjân|pl=فنجانها}}
# [[杯子]]
#: {{ux|fa|فنجان چایخوری|tr='''fenjân'''-e čay-xori|t=茶'''杯'''}}
#: {{syn|fa|جام|tr1=jâm}}
{{c|fa|飲食容器}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ajp|ar|فِنْجان}},源自{{der|ajp|fa-cls|پنگان|tr=pingān}}。
===发音===
* {{ajp-IPA|finjān<p:fɪnˈʒæːn><p:fɪnˈd͡ʒæːn>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-IbrahimZ (AdrianAbdulBaha)-فنجان.wav|音頻 (伯利恆)}}
===名词===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=finjān|pl=فناجين|pltr=fanājīn}}
# [[杯子]];[[咖啡杯]]
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[فنجان|فنجانين]] [[قهوة]]|tr='''finjānēn''' ʔahwe|t='''兩杯'''咖啡}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ajp|زوبعة في فنجان|tr=zōbaʕa fi finjān|t=小題大做}}
{{c|ajp|飲食容器}}
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{{also|تشتر}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|بستر|tr=bestar}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=bister}}
# [[床]]
#: {{syn|ota|یاتاق|tr=yatak}}
# {{lb|ota|泛指}} 任何[[展開]]可供人[[躺下]]或[[睡覺]]的物品
#: {{syn|ota|مرقد|tr1=merkad|مهاد|tr2=mihad|یاتاق|tr3=yatak}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|bister}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:tr:OTK|bister|vol=1|page=627}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=929|Lectus}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=818}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=364}}
{{topics|ota|寢具|家具}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|tr=wstl|ts=wistar|t=寢具}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|bistar}}
===名词===
{{fa-regional|بستر|بستر|бистар}}
{{fa-noun|tr=bastar}}
# [[床]];[[床墊]]
# [[寢具]]
# [[地板]]
====近义词====
* {{l|fa|یاتاق|tr=yâtâq}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|बिस्तर|tr=bistar}}
*: {{desc|ur|بستر|tr=bistar}}
* {{desctree|ota|بستر|tr=bister}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普语:
*: {{desc|pa|بستر|tr=bistar|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਬਿਸਤਰ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ur|بستر|tr=bistar}}
{{topics|fa|寢具}}
==乌尔都语==
[[File:India, Mughal, reign of Akbar (1556-1605), 16th century - Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama)- Eighth night- The parrot addresses - 1962.279.51.b - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|thumb]]
===词源===
源自{{bor|ur|fa-cls|بستر|tr=bistar}}。
===名词===
{{ur-noun|m|head=بِسْتَر|hi=बिस्तर}}
# [[床]];[[床墊]]
# [[寢具]]
# [[枕頭]]
# [[地毯]]
{{topics|ur|寢具}}
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==古賈里語==
===词源===
借自{{bor|gju|fa-cls|پوشاک|tr=pošāk}}。
===名词===
{{gju-noun|tr=pośāk|g=f|g2=m}}
# [[服裝]],[[衣服]]
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:gju:Anjum:2018|108}}
* {{R:gju:Rahi:2015|256|column=2}}
{{topics|gju|服裝}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===词源===
源自{{m|fa|پوشیدن|tr=pušidan}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|p|ō|š|ā|k}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=pušấk}}
# [[服裝]],[[衣服]]
====屈折====
{{fa-decl-c-unc|pušâk|poss=+}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|as|পোছাক|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|পোশাক|bor=1}}
* {{desc|doi|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|पोशाक|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|𑠞𑠵𑠧𑠬𑠊|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|gju|پوشاک|tr=pośāk|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|પોશાક|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|पोशाक}}
*: {{desc|ur|پوشاک}}
* {{desc|kn|ಪೋಷಾಕು|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mup|पोसाक|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|पोषाख|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|पौशाक|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅨𑅒𑅰𑅕|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ne|पोसाक|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ପୋଷାକ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa||alt=puśāk, pośāk|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਪੁਸ਼ਾਕ|tr=-|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|ਪੋਸ਼ਾਕ|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|pa|پُشاک|tr=-|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|پوشاک|tr=-}}
* {{desc|sd||alt=pośāka|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|پوشاڪَ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|पोशाक|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑋒𑋧𑋜𑋠𑊺|tr=-|sclang=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{topics|fa|服裝}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|پوشاک|tr=pošāk}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|pośāk}}
* {{hyph|ur|پو|شَاک}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑːk|s=2}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|f|head=پوشَاک}}
# [[服裝]],[[衣服]]
#: {{ur-x|ہِندُوسْتَانِی '''پوشَاک''' اَکْثَر رَنْگِیلِی ہوتِی ہَے۔|印度'''服裝'''常常色彩鮮艷。|tr=hindustānī '''pośāk''' aksar raṅgīlī hotī hai.}}
#: {{syn|ur|پَرِیدَھان|tr1=parīdhān|پَہْنَاوَا|tr2=pahnāvā|لِبَاس|tr3=libās}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:Fallon||374}}
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts|پوشاك|280}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi||164}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Shakespear||438}}
{{topics|ur|服裝}}
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{{also|پت|بَٹ|تب|بٞٹ}}
==阿拉伯语==
===词源 1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ب ت ت}}。
====发音====
* {{audio|ar|Ar-بت.ogg|動詞}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u,i.pass.vn:بَتّ}}
# [[切斷]]
#: {{synonyms|ar|قَطَعَ|بَتَرَ|جَزَمَ}}
# [[完成]];[[達成]]
# [[確定]],[[決定]]
# [[裁決]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u,i.pass.vn:بَتّ}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|بَتّ|m}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|بَتَّ|form=I}}
# [[決定]],[[決議]]
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|بَتّ}}
===词源 2===
====动词====
{{ar-verb form|بِتُّ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|بَاتَ||1|s|past|actv}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb form|بِتَّ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|بَاتَ||2|m|s|past|actv}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb form|بِتْ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|بَاتَ||2|m|s|actv|impr}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb form|بِتِّ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|بَاتَ||2|f|s|past|actv}}
==俾路支語==
===名词===
{{head|bal|名詞|tr=but}}
# [[偶像]]
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*bĕt||臉}}。<ref>{{R:tut-pro:SDM|*bɨt|url=https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fturcet&text_number=1040&root=config}}</ref><ref name="RH338">{{R:ota:Redhouse|page=338}}</ref>
====名词====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=bet}}
# [[面色]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ota|بت بڭیز|tr=bet beñiz}}
===词源 2===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*bït||蝨子}}。<ref>{{R:tut-pro:SDM|*bĕt|url=https://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fdata%2falt%2fturcet&text_number=++49&root=config}}</ref><ref name="RH339">{{R:ota:Redhouse|page=339}}</ref>
====名词====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=bit}}
# {{lb|ota|特指}} [[蝨子]]
# {{lb|ota|泛指}} 靠吸取植物或動物為生的[[昆蟲]]
===词源 3===
源自{{der|ota|fa|بد}}<ref name="RH339"/><ref>{{R:tr:Nishanyan|bet1}}</ref>。
====形容词====
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=bet}}
# [[醜陋]]的
===词源 4===
源自{{der|ota|ar|بَتّ}}<ref name="RH339"/>。
====动词====
{{head|ota|動詞變位形式|tr=bet}}
# [[切斷]]
# [[決定]]
===词源 5===
源自{{der|ota|fa|بت|tr=bot}}<ref name="RH339"/><ref>{{R:tr:Nishanyan|put}}</ref>。
====名词====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=but|tr2=put}}
# [[偶像]]
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
==波斯语==
[[Image:Buddha_of_Bamiyan.jpg|thumb|150px|right]]
===词源 1===
{{etymid|fa|Q3736439}}
漫遊詞。參見{{cog|xcl|բադ|t=鴨}}。
====其他形式====
* {{alter|fa|بط|tr1=batt}}
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=bat|pl=بتها}}
# [[鴨]]
===词源 2===
{{etymid|fa|Q2820111}}
源自{{inh|fa|pal|bwt'|ts=but|t=佛,偶像}}。
====发音====
* {{fa-IPA/old|b|u|t}}
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=bot}}
# [[偶像]]
# {{lb|fa|古旧}} [[佛]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|fa|بتکده|tr=bot-kade}}
* {{l|fa|بتپرست|tr=bot-parast}}
* {{l|fa|بتپرستی|tr=bot-parasti}}
=====派生語彙=====
*{{desc|az|büt|bor=1}}
*{{desc|bal|بت|tr=but|bor=1}}
*{{desc|bn|বুত|bor=1}}
*{{desc|crh|put|bor=1}}
*{{desc|ota|بت|tr=bot|bor=1}}
**{{desc|tr|put}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普语:
*: {{desc|pa|ਬੁੱਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|بت|sclang=1|tr=but}}
*{{desc|tk|but|bor=1}}
*{{desc|ush|بت|tr=but|bor=1}}
*{{desc|ur|بت|tr=but|bor=1}}
*{{desc|uz|but|bor=1}}
{{c|fa|家禽}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源 1===
{{rfe|ur}}
====名词====
{{ur-noun|m|tr=bat|hi=बत|head=بَت}}
# [[船蛆]]
=====变格=====
{{ur-noun-c-m|بت|bat}}
===词源 2===
{{rfe|ur}}
====名词====
{{ur-noun|m|tr=bat|hi=बत|head=بَت}}
# [[線條]]
# [[標誌]]
=====变格=====
{{ur-noun-c-m|بت|bat}}
===词源 3===
{{bor+|ur|fa|بت|tr=bot}},源自{{der|ur|pal|tr=bwt'|ts=but|t=佛,偶像}}。
====发音====
* {{ur-IPA|but}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ʊt̪}}
====名词====
{{ur-noun|m|head=بُت}}
# [[偶像]],[[聖像]]
# [[雕像]]
=====变格=====
{{ur-noun-c-m|بُت|but}}
=====近义词=====
* {{l|ur|صنم|tr=sanam}}
* {{sense|偶像,聖像,雕像}} {{l|ur|مورت|tr=mūrat}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ur|بت پرست|tr=but-parast|t=崇拜者}}
* {{l|ur|بت پرستی|tr=but-parastī|t=偶像崇拜}}
==烏修基語==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ush|fa|بت|tr=but}}。
===名词===
{{head|ush|名詞|head=بُت|g=|tr=but}}
# [[雕像]]
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
[[File:Hache.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|بالطه}}]]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|بلطه|tr=balta}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*baltu|t=斧}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ota|/bɑl.tɑ/}}
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=balta}}
# [[斧]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|بالطهجی|tr=baltacı}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|balta}}
* {{desc|ar|بَلْطة|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|պալթա|bor=on}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|балти́я|балта́}}
* {{desc|el|μπαλτάς|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lad|balta|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|baltag|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|bȃlta|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ба̑лта|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|balta}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=382}}
{{topics|ota|工具}}
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{{also|توستان}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ota|بوصتان|tr=bostan}}
===词源===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|بوستان|tr=bôstân}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=bostan}}
# [[花園]];[[苗圃]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|بوستانجی|tr=bostancı|t=園丁}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|bostan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|bostan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|bustane}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|боста́н}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gkm|μποστάνι}}
** {{desc|el|μποστάνι}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|bostan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|бостан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|bostan|bostană}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|бо̀стан}}
** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bòstan}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=923}}
==波斯語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|بستان|tr=bostân}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|tr=bwdstʾn'|sc=Phlv}}、{{m|pal|𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗|sc=Mani}}、{{m|pal|𐫁𐫇𐫏𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗|t=花園|ts=bōyestān|sc=Mani}}。與{{cog|xpr|𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗|ts=bōδestān}}、{{cog|sog|tr=βōδistān||t=花園}},以及借自伊朗語族的{{cog|arc|בּוּםְתְּנָא|tr=būstenā}}、{{cog|syc|ܒܘܣܬܢܐ|tr=būstānā}}、{{cog|xcl|բուրաստան}}同源。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|bōs`tān}}
{{rfap|fa}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=bôstân|pl=بوستانها}}
# [[花園]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fa|بوستانبان|tr=bôstânbân}}
* {{l|fa|بوستانی|tr=Bôstâni}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|fa|بو|tr=bô}}
* {{l|fa|ستان|ـستان|tr=-stân}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|բոստան}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ar|بُسْتَان}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|bostan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ბოსტანი}}
* {{desc|gu|બોસ્તાન|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|בֻּסְתָּן|tr=bustān}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|bustan}}
** {{desc|id|bustan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|bostan}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|بوستان|tr=bostân}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|башта́н}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|башта́н}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ug|بوستان}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|boʻston}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:xcl:HAB|բոյր|vol=I|page=471}}
* {{R:pal:Mackenzie:1971|bōyestān}}
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==印地语==
{{wikipedia|lang=hi}}
===词源===
{{bor+|hi|sa|मनुष्य}}。
===发音===
* {{hi-IPA|मनुष्य.}}
===名词===
{{hi-noun|m|ur=مَنُشیَہ}}
# [[人]],[[人類]]
#: {{hi-x|प्रति '''मनुष्य''' मरणशील है।|'''人'''終有一死。}}
#: {{syn|hi|Thesaurus:मनुष्य}}
====变格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:Bahri}}
==马拉地语==
===词源===
{{bor+|mr|sa|मनुष्य}}。
===名词===
{{mr-noun|g=n}}
# [[人]],[[人類]]
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# [[男人]]
===参考资料===
* {{R:mr:Berntsen}}
* {{R:mr:Molesworth}}
==梵语==
===其他形式===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*manuṣyás}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*manušyás}},源自{{der|sa|ine-pro|*mon-||男人}}。與{{cog|ae|𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬱}}同源。與{{m|sa|मनु|tr=mánu}}有關。
===发音===
{{sa-IPA|a=3}}
===形容词===
{{sa-adj}}
# [[人]]的
# 對人[[有用]]或[[友好]]的
====变格====
{{sa-decl-adj|मनुष्|य|manuṣ|y|a|ā|a|n=t}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|g=m}}
# [[人]],[[人類]]
# [[男人]]
# [[丈夫]]
# 一類已故的先祖(接受{{m|sa|पिण्ड}}的祭祀)
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|manuṣyá}}
====派生語彙====
{{rel-top|繼承自{{m|sa|मनुष्य}}的詞}}
* {{desc|inc-ash|𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀰|𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀲|𑀫𑀦𑀼𑀱}}
** {{desc|pra-mag|𑀫𑀡𑀼𑀰𑁆𑀰}}
*** {{desc|inc-oas|মুনিষ}}
**** {{desc|as|মুনিহ}}
*** {{desc|inc-oas|মানুষ}}
**** {{desc|as|মানুহ}}
*** {{desc|bn|মানুষ}}
*** {{desc|bn|মিনসে}}
*** {{desc|rkt|মানষি|tr=manṣi}}
*** {{desc|rhg|manúic}}
*** {{desc|syl|ꠝꠣꠘꠥ}}
** {{desctree|pra-mah|𑀫𑀡𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲}}
** {{desc|pra-sau|𑀫𑀡𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀲}}
*** {{desc|gu|માણસ}}
*** 帕哈里語:
**** {{desc|gbm|मन्खि}}
**** {{desc|ne|मानिस|मान्छे}}
*** {{desc|pa|-}}
***: {{desc|pa|ਮਨੁੱਖ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|pa|مَنُکّھ|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|rom|manuś}}
*** {{desctree|rom|murś}}
*** {{desc|sd|माण्हू|tr=māṇhū}}
* {{desctree|pi|manussa}}
{{rel-bottom}}
{{rel-top|{{m|sa|मनुष्य}}的古典借詞}}
* {{desc|bor=1|amq|mansia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ban|ᬫᬦᬸᬲ|tr=manusa}}
* {{desc|en|manusya|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|मनुष्य}}
*: {{desc|ur|منشیہ|tr=manuśya}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kn|ಮನುಷ್ಯ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|khb|ᦙᦓᦳᧆ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|manusia}}
** {{desc|bor=1|id|manusia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mr|मनुष्य}}
* {{desc|bor=1|omr|𑘦𑘡𑘳𑘏𑘿𑘧|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ml|മനുഷ്യൻ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mrw|manosiya}}
* {{desc|bor=1|su|manusa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ta|மனுஷன்|மனிதன்}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tl|manusya}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tsg|mānusiya'}}
* {{desc|bor=1|te|మనిషి}}
* {{desc|bor=1|th|มนุษย์|tr=má-nút}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sa:MW|0784}}
* {{R:CDIAL|manuṣyà|page=564}}
{{c|sa|男性|人}}
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{{also|مي}}
==马赞德兰语==
===名词===
{{mzn-noun|tr=mi}}
# {{lb|mzn|解剖学}} [[頭髮]]
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ota|trk-pro|*-mi}}。
===助詞===
{{head|ota|助詞|tr=mi|tr2=mı|tr3=mu|tr4=mü}}
# {{n-g|用於組成疑問詞。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|mi|mı|mu|mü}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|tr=HS}} / {{m|pal|tr=mdy|ts=may|t=葡萄酒}},源自{{inh|fa|peo|*𐎶𐎯|ts=*madu}},源自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*mádu}},源自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*mádʰu}},源自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*médʰu|t=蜜,蜜酒}}。
====发音====
{{fa-IPA|may}}
====名词====
{{fa-regional|می|می|май}}
{{fa-noun|tr=mey}}
# {{c|fa|葡萄酒}} {{lb|fa|literary}} [[葡萄酒]]
#: {{syn|fa|شراب|tr1=šarâb|باده|tr2=bâde|q2=古舊,詩歌語|مل|tr3=mol|q3=古舊|رام رنگی|tr4=râm rangi|q4=莫臥兒帝國|صهبا|tr5=sahbâ|q5=古舊,詩歌語}}
# {{c|fa|酒}} [[酒]],[[酒精]][[飲料]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|fa|میخانه|tr=meyxâne}}
* {{l|fa|میکده|tr=meykade}}
* {{l|fa|میستان|tr=meyestân}}
* {{l|fa|میگساری|tr=meygosâri}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|az|مئی|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|меј|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|az|mey|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|hac|مهی|tr=may|bor=1}}
* 库尔德语:
*: {{desc|ckb|مەی|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kmr|mey|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|ur|مے|tr=mai}}
* {{desc|ota|می|tr=may|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|mey}}
* {{desc|ps|می|tr=may|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|may|bor=1}}
===词源 2===
源自{{inh|fa|pal||tr=hmy|ts=hamē|sc=Phlv}}。
====其他形式====
* {{qualifier|古旧}} {{l|fa|همی|tr=hami-}}
====发音====
{{fa-IPA|mē}}
====前綴====
{{fa-regional|می|می|ме-}}
{{head|fa|前綴|tr=mi-}}
# {{n-g|非結合形前綴,用於組成現在時和未完成時}}
#: {{m|fa|می|tr=mi-}} + {{m|fa||کردم|tr=kardam|我做了}} = {{m|fa||میکردم|tr=mi-kardam|我過去常做;我正在做}}
===词源 3===
{{bor+|fa|en|May}}。
====发音====
{{fa-IPA|dari=may,mē}}
====专有名词====
{{fa-regional|می|مه|май}}
{{fa-proper noun|tr=mey}}
# {{lb|fa|Dari}} [[五月]]
=====参见=====
{{list:Gregorian calendar months/fa/dari}}
===词源 4===
{{m|fa|مگر|tr=magar}}的另寫法。
====发音====
* {{IPA|fa|/mej/|a=口语}}
====介词====
{{fa-preposition|tr=mey}}
# {{lb|fa|dialectal|設拉子|海什特|科納爾塔赫泰|達什特斯坦}} [[除了]]……[[之外]]
====连词====
{{fa-conjunction|tr=mey}}
# {{lb|fa|dialectal|設拉子|卡澤倫|海什特|科納爾塔赫泰|達什特斯坦}} [[但是]]
# {{lb|fa|dialectal|設拉子|海什特|卡澤倫|科納爾塔赫泰|達什特斯坦}} [[除非]]
===词源 5===
{{bor+|fa|la|mīra}},經由{{bor|fa|fr|mi}}或{{bor|fa|en|mi}}傳入。
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=mi}}
# {{c|fa|音符}} {{lb|fa|music}} [[E]],[[mi|Mi]] {{gloss|唱名的第三個}}
==西南法爾斯語==
===名词===
{{head|fay|名詞|tr=mi}}
# {{lb|fay|Masarm|Deh Sarv}} [[頭髮]]
{{c|fay|解剖學|毛髮}}
==烏修基語==
===形容词===
{{head|ush|形容詞|g=|tr=mī}}
# [[我]]的
===代詞===
{{head|ush|代詞|g=|tr=mī}}
# [[我]]的
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میخانه
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|میخانه|tr=meyxâne|t=酒館,酒吧}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=meyhane}}
# [[酒館]],[[酒吧]]
#: {{syn|ota|میكده|tr=meykede}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|میخانهجی|tr=meyhaneci|t=酒館老闆}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|meyhane}}
* {{desc|hy|մեխանա|մեյխանա|միհանա|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|механа́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|меана|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|mihamea|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|меха̀на|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|mehàna|sclang=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:tr:OTK|meyhane|vol=1|page=3186}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=1255}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=163|Caupona}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=5068}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|meyhane}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=2053}}
{{C|ota|商店}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{compound|fa|می|خانه|tr1=mey|tr2=xâne}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|mayxā`na}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|میخانه|میخانه|майхона}}
{{fa-noun|tr=meyxâne|pl=میخانهها|pltr=meyxâne-hâ}}
# [[酒館]],[[酒吧]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|meyxana|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|मैख़ाना|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|meyxane|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ps|ميخانه|tr=mayxāná|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|میخانه|tr=meyhane|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|meyhane}}
** {{desc|bor=1|hy|մեխանա|մեյխանա|միհանա}}
** {{desc|bg|механа́|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mk|меана|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|меха̀на|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|mehàna|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|майхона}}
* {{desc|tk|meýhana|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|میخانہ|tr=maixānā|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|mayxona|bor=1}}
{{c|fa|商店}}
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𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴
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==古波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|peo|xme-old|*asman}},源自{{der|peo|ira-pro|*Hácmā}},源自{{der|peo|iir-pro|*Háćmā}},源自{{der|peo|ine-pro|*h₂éḱmō}}。
===名詞===
{{head|peo|名詞|sc=Xpeo|ts=asman}}
# [[天空]]
====變格====
{{peo-decl-noun
|acs=𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pal|-|ts=asmān}}<ref>{{R:pal:Mackenzie}}</ref>
*: {{desc|pal|𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭|tr=ʾsmʾn|sc=Phli|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pal|𐫀𐫘𐫖𐫀𐫗|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pal||tr=ʾsmʾn'|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pal|𐮀𐮍𐮋𐮀𐮌|tr=ʾsmʾn|sc=Phlp|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pal|𐬁𐬯𐬨𐬅|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|fa-cls|آسمان|tr=âsmân}}
*** {{desc|prs|آسمان|tr=ā̊smā̊n}}
*** {{desc|fa-ira|آسمان|tr=âsemân, âsmân}}
*** {{desc|tg|осмон}}
**** {{desc|tly|осмон|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|bal|آسمان|tr=ásmán|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|gu|આસમાન|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|xme-ker|-|bor=1}}
***: {{desc|xme-von|آسمون|tr=ā̊semūn}}
***: {{desc|xme-qoh|آسمون|tr=ā̊semūn}}
***: {{desc|xme-kes|آسمون|tr=ā̊semūn}}
***: {{desc|xme-zef|آسمو|tr=ā̊smū}}
***: {{desc|xme-kaf|آسمان|tr=ā̊s(e)mā̊n}}
***: {{desc|xme-mey|آسمون|tr=āsɛmūn}}
***: {{desc|soj|آسمون|tr=āsemūn}}
***: {{desc|ntx|آسمون|tr=ā̊semūn}}
*** {{desc|hi|आसमान|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pa|ਆਸਮਾਨ|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|raj|असमाण|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sd|آسمان|tr=āsmān|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|siy|āsemān|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ur|آسمان|tr=āsmān|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{c|peo|自然}}
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==古波斯語==
===詞源===
{{root|peo|ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-}}
{{bor+|peo|xme-old}},源自{{der|peo|iir-pro|*ȷ́ánHas}},源自{{der|peo|ine-pro|*ǵénh₁os}}。同源詞包括{{cog|grc|γόνος}} and {{cog|sa|जन|tr=jána}}。
===名詞===
{{peo-noun|ts=zana}}
# [[人]]
#* {{w|大流士一世}}於{{w|納克什魯斯塔姆}} A. (DNa) 的銘文 ,約西元前6世紀,第8—10行
#*: {{quote|peo|𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎱'''𐏀𐎴𐎠/𐎴𐎠𐎶'''|tr=adam Dārayavauš xšāyaθiya vazraka xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām xšāyaθiya dahyūnām vispa'''zanānām'''|translation=我是大流士大王,萬王之王,包含各種'''人'''的諸國之王}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|peo|𐎱𐎽𐏀𐎴|ts=paruzanaʰ}}
* {{l|peo|𐎻𐎿𐎱𐏀𐎴|ts=vispazanaʰ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pal|-}}
*: {{desc|pal|𐫉𐫗𐫃|ts=zanag|t=種類,類別|sclang=1}}
{{c|peo|人}}
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عسكر
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==阿拉伯语==
===词源===
可能源自{{der|ar|pal|lškl|ts=laškar}},其中的 ''-l-'' {{rebracketing|ar|notext=1}}被當做阿拉伯語冠詞 {{m|ar|ال}}。对比現代{{cog|fa|لشکر|tr=laškar}}。還有一種可能性較小的來源,源自{{der|ar|la|exercitus}}。
===发音===
* {{ar-pr|عَسْكَر}}
===名词===
{{ar-noun|عَسْكَر|m|pl=عَسَاكِر}}
# [[軍隊]]
====变格====
{{ar-decl-noun|عَسْكَر|pl=عَسَاكِر}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ar|عَسْكَرِيّ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|xaa|عَسْكَر}}
* {{desc|bor=1|syc|ܥܣܟܪ|tr=ʿaskar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xvi|āskār}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|عسکر|tr='askar}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|ota|عسكر|tr=asker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|asker}}
* {{desc|zza|esker|bor=1}}
===动词===
{{ar-verb|Iq}}
# 向……[[派遣]][[軍隊]]
# [[扎營]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|Iq}}
{{topics|ar|軍事}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ary|ar|عَسْكَر}}。
===发音===
* {{ary-IPA|ʕaskar}}
===名词===
{{ary-noun|g=m|tr=ʕaskar}}
# [[軍隊]],[[士兵]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ary|عسكري|tr=ʕaskri}}
====参见====
* {{l|ary|جيش|tr=jayš, jīš}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|عَسْكَر}}。
===名词===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=asker|複數|عساكر|f1tr=asakir|或|عسكرلر|f2tr=askerler}}
# [[軍隊]]
# [[士兵]]
#* {{RQ:Ataturk Nutuk 1927|page=5|passage=مرزیفون و صامسونده انكلیز عسكرلری بولونیور.|tr=Merzifon ve Samsun'da ingiliz askerleri bulunuyor.|t=梅爾濟豐和薩姆松還有英國'''士兵'''。}}
====近义词====
* {{l|ota|لشكر|tr=leşker}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|ota|عسكری|tr=askeri}}
* {{l|ota|عسكریه|tr=askeriye}}
* {{l|ota|عسكرگاه|tr=askergâh}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|asker}}
* {{desc|az|əsgər|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|ғәскәр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|ասկեր|ասքար|ասկյար}}
* {{desc|bg|аске́р|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|asker|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|ασκέρι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|id|laskar|der=1}}
* {{desc|kk|әскер|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|аскер|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lad|asker|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lzz|asǩeri|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ms|askar|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ms|عسکر|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mk|аскер|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|leşker|der=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|аске́р|эске́р}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|а̏скер|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ȁsker|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|аскар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|гаскәр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|esger|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ئەسكەر|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|askar|bor=1}}
{{c|ota|軍事|職業}}
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بیچاق
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==阿塞拜疆语==
===名词===
{{head|az|名詞|sc=fa-Arab|tr=bıçaq}}
# {{alternative spelling of|az|بێچاق|sc=fa-Arab|tr=bıçaq}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
同源詞參見{{cog|az|bıçaq}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=bıçak}}
# [[小刀]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|bıçak}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|би̏ча̄к|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|bȉčāk|sclang=1}}
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शर्करा
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==印地语==
{{wikipedia|lang=hi}}
===词源===
{{lbor|hi|sa|शर्करा|tr=śárkarā}}。{{dbt|hi|शक्कर}}。
===发音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名词===
{{hi-noun|f|ur=شرکرا}}
# {{lb|hi|正式}} [[糖]]
#: {{syn|hi|चीनी|शक्कर}}
# {{lb|hi|chemistry}} [[蔗糖]]
====变格====
{{hi-ndecl|<F>}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
==梵语==
===其他形式===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*śárkaraH}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*ćárkaraH}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*ḱorkeh₂|t=砂礫,碎石}}。與{{cog|grc|κρόκη|t=礫石,鵝卵石}}同源。
===名词===
{{sa-noun|g=f|tr=śárkarā}}
# {{lb|sa|usually|in plural}} [[砂礫]],[[碎石]]
# [[腎結石]]
# [[肉]]的變[[硬]]
# [[耳垢]]的變硬
# [[砂糖]]
# [[陶瓷]][[碎片]]
# [[棉花糖]];[[楓糖]]
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f|śárkarā}}
====借詞====
* {{desc|bn|শর্করা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|શર્કરા|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|शर्करा|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಸಕ್ಕರೆ|bor=1}}、{{l|kn|ಶರ್ಕರೆ}}
* {{desc|ml|ശർക്കര|ചക്കര|bor=1}}
** {{desc|idb|jágara|bor=1}}、{{l|idb|xagara}}、{{l|idb|jagra}}
*** {{desctree|en|jaggery|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kaw|sarkara|bor=1}}
** {{desc|jv|ꦱꦂꦏꦫ}}
* {{desc|ta|சர்க்கரை|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|te|చక్కెర|bor=1}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pgd|𐨭𐨐𐨪}}
** {{desc|pal|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|pal|𐫢𐫞𐫡|ts=šakar|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
**: {{desctree|pal|škl|alt=𐭱𐭪𐭥|tr=škl|ts=šakar|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-hel}}
** {{desc|dv|ހަކުރު}}
** {{desc|si|හකුරු|සකුරු}}
* {{desc|pra-mag}}
** {{desc|as|শিকৰ}}
*** {{desc|as|দাঁত-শিকৰ|der=1}}
*** {{desc|as|শিকলিয়া|der=1}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸}}
** {{desc|kok|साक्कर|tr=sākkar}}
** {{desc|omr|साकर}}
*** {{desc|mr|साखर}}
* {{desc|pi|sakkharā}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|pra-sau}}
** {{desc|gu|સાકર}}
** {{desc|hi|सकर|सक्कर}}
** {{desc|ne|सखर}}
dbldj5dxq9o23aj5viofztx8a0higr4
四書五經
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=四书五经|type=22}}
{{zh-wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Sìshūwǔjīng
|c=sei3 syu1 ng5 ging1
|c-t=lhei1 si1 m2 gen1
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{zh-proper noun}}
# [[中國]][[儒家]][[經典]][[書籍]]的合稱
====派生詞====
{{CJKV||j=四書五経|ししょごきょう|사서오경|Tứ thư Ngũ kinh}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hj|hangeul=사서오경}}
# {{hanja form of|사서오경|}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===專有名詞===
{{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{vi-Han form of|Tứ thư Ngũ kinh}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=四书五经|type=22}}
{{zh-wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=Sìshūwǔjīng
|c=sei3 syu1 ng5 ging1
|c-t=lhei1 si1 m2 gen1
|cat=pn
}}
===專有名詞===
{{zh-proper noun}}
# [[中國]][[儒家]][[經典]][[書籍]]的合稱
====派生詞====
{{CJKV||j=四書五経|ししょごきょう|사서오경|Tứ thư Ngũ kinh}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|し|しょ|ご|きょう|yomi=goon}}
===專有名詞===
{{ja-pos|proper|ししょ ごきょう|hhira=ししよ ごきやう}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|四書五経}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===專有名詞===
{{ko-proper noun|hj|hangeul=사서오경}}
# {{hanja form of|사서오경|}}
==越南語==
{{vi-hantutab}}
===專有名詞===
{{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}}
# {{vi-Han form of|Tứ thư Ngũ kinh}}
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پیش
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{{also|بئش|بیس|بيس|تیس|بئس}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{der|fa|pal|tr=pyš|ts=pēš|t=前,之前;經過,旁邊}}。
===发音===
{{fa-regional|پیش |پیش |пеш}}
{{fa-IPA/old|p|ē|š}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=piš}}
# [[前面]];{{qual|帶耶扎菲}} 在……的[[前面]],在……[[之前]]
#: {{ant|fa|پس |tr=pas}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fa|پیشتخته|tr=piš-taxte|t=桌子}}
* {{l|fa|پیش|tr=pišeš|t=在……的前面,在……之前}}
===形容词===
{{fa-adj|tr=piš}}
# [[過去]]的,[[之前]]的
#: {{uxi|fa|پنج ساعت '''پیش'''|tr=panj sâ'at-e '''piš'''|t=五小時'''之前'''}}
#: {{uxi|fa|هفته '''پیش'''|tr=hafte-ye '''piš'''|t='''上個'''星期}}
===副词===
{{fa-adv|tr=piš}}
# [[之前]],[[先前]]
# [[提前]]
# {{lb|fa|指動作}} [[向前]]
====衍生词汇====
{{top2}}
* {{l|fa|پیش از|tr=piš az|t=之前}}
* {{l|fa|از پیش|tr=az piš}}
* {{l|fa|پیش آمدن|tr=piš âmadan|t=發生}}
* {{l|fa|پیش آوردن|tr=piš âvordan|t=提出}}
* {{l|fa|پیش افتادن|tr=piš oftâdan|t=超過,超越}}
* {{l|fa|پیش بردن|tr=piš bordan|t=贏得}}
* {{l|fa|پیش رفتن|tr=piš raftan|t=進步,取得進展}}
* {{l|fa|پیش کشیدن|tr=piš kešidan|t=開始做}}
* {{l|fa|پش گرفتن|tr=piš gereftan|t=開始做}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|piş|bor=on}}
* {{desc|bn|পেশ|bor=on}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|पेश}}
*: {{desc|ur|پیش|tr=peś}}
* {{desc|kmr|pêş|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|پش|tr=peş|bor=on}}
** {{desc|tr|peş}}
** {{desc|axm|փէշ|bor=on}}
*** {{desc|hy|փեշ}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=on}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਪੇਸ਼|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|پیش|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uz|pesh|bor=on}}
====参考资料====
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203462515/concise-pahlavi-dictionary-mackenzie pēš]”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press. Page 68
==乌尔都语==
===形容词===
{{ur-adj}}
# [[展示]]的,[[出示]]的
# [[前面]]的
kn0os7rwdwac5nt7ggokbc3nfj57k7k
नहि
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==印地语==
===词源===
{{bor+|hi|sa|tr=nahí|नहि}}。{{doublet|hi|नहीं}}。
===发音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===感嘆詞===
{{hi-head|intj}}
# [[不]]
===参考资料===
* {{R:Platts}}
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
==梵语==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
{{dercat|sa|inc-pro|inh=1}}
源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*naǰʰí}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*ne|*né}} + {{m|ine-pro|*gʰe|*gʰí}}。等同於{{com|sa|न|हि}}。
===发音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===感嘆詞===
{{head|sa|感嘆詞|tr=nahí}}
# [[肯定]][[不]],[[一定]]不
#: {{ant|sa|आम्}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|নাই|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bra|नहीं}}
* {{desc|inc-oas|নাহি}}
** {{desc|as|নাই}}
* {{desc|gu|નહીં}}
* 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|नहीं}}、{{desc|hi|नहि|bor=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|ur|نہیں|tr=nahī̃}}
* {{desc|rkt|নাই}}
* 旁遮普语:
** {{desc|pa|ਨਹੀਂ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pa|alts=1|sclang=1|نہیں|tr=nahī̃}}
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تنباکو
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==波斯语==
===词源===
最终源自{{der|fa|ar|طُبَّاق}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|tambā`ku}}
===名词===
{{fa-regional|تنباکو|تنباکو|тамоку}}
{{fa-noun|tr=tanbâku}}
# [[煙草]]
#: {{syn|fa|توتون|tr=tutun}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hy|թամբաքի|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|az|tənbəki|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|তামাক|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|თამბაქო|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|તમાકુ|bor=1|unc=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|तंबाकू}}
*: {{desc|ur|تنباکو}}、{{l|ur|تمباکو}}
* {{desc|kn|ತಂಬಾಕು|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mai|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|तमाकुल|sclang=1}}、{{l|mai|तमाकू}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒞𑒧𑒰𑒏𑒳𑒪|sclang=1}}、{{l|mai|𑒞𑒧𑒰𑒏𑒴}}
* {{desc|omr||alt=tamākhu|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|तमाखु|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desctree|omr|tr=-|𑘝𑘦𑘰𑘏𑘳|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|or|ତମାଖୁ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਤਮਾਕੂ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|تَمباکُو|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|تَماڪُ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|तमाकु|sclang=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{pedia|lang=fa}}
5u8zomhepkq8g770hf0n143um2wx07q
आत्मन्
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==梵语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|sa|त्मन्|tr=tmán}}
===其他书写系统===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|sa|inc-pro|*HáHtmā}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*HáHtmā}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro||*h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés|t=呼吸,魂魄}},源自{{suf|ine-pro|*h₁eh₁t-|t1=呼吸|*mō|nocat=1}}。同源词包括{{cog|gem-pro|*ēþmô|t=呼吸}}、{{cog|ine-toc-pro|*āñcäme|t=愿望,自我,灵魂}}。
===发音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|tr=ātmán|g=m}}
# [[呼吸]] ({{sa-a|RV}})
# [[灵魂]],[[生命]]({{sa-a|RV}}、{{sa-a|AV}}等)
# [[自我]],[[自己]]
# [[特性]],[[特质]]
# [[人]]的整体({{sa-a|VS}}、{{sa-a|ŚBr}})
# [[身体]]
# [[心智]]
# [[宇宙]]的灵魂
# [[努力]]({{sa-a|L}})
# [[坚持]]({{sa-a|L}})
# [[太阳]]({{sa-a|L}})
# [[火]]({{sa-a|L}})
# [[儿子]]({{sa-a|L}})
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|ātmán}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sa|आत्मभाव}}
* {{l|sa|महात्मन्}}
===代词===
{{head|sa|代詞|sc=Deva|tr=ātmán}}
# {{lb|sa|自反代词}} [[自己]] {{gloss|同时作主语和并出现于谓语的个体}}
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|ātmán}}
====借词====
* {{desc|en|atman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|アートマン|tr=ātoman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|आत्म-|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|아트만|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|а́тман|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|atman|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|ఆత్మ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|txb|ātmaṃttse|bor=1}}
====派生語彙====
* 达尔德语支:
** {{desc|dmk||tr=āpne}}
** {{desc|mvy||tr=amā̃}}
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|پان|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|पान|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|plk||tr=toma}}
** {{desc|scl||tr=tomu}}
** {{desc|trw||tr=pāe|t=他}}
* {{desc|pra-hel}}
** {{desc|dv|ތިމަން}}
** {{desc|si|අත|තමා}}
* {{desc|pra-mag|𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸}}
** {{desc|inc-oas|আপন|t=自己的|আপুনি|t2=自己}}
*** {{desc|as|আপোন|t=自己的|আপুনি|t2=你,自己}}
** {{desc|bn|আপন|আপনি|t2=你}}
** {{desc|mai|अपनि|tr=apani}}
** {{desc|or|ଆପେ}}
** {{desc|rhg|𐴀𐴡𐴣𐴕𐴠}}
** {{desc|syl|ꠀꠙ꠆ꠘꠦ}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸}}
** {{desc|kok|आपण|tr=āpaṇa}}
** {{desc|mr|आप|आपण|t2=你}}
* {{desc|pi|attan|tuma}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸|𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸}}
** {{desc|gbm|अप्णु}}
** {{desc|gu|આપું}}
** 印度斯坦语:
**: {{desc|hi|आप|t=你}}
**: {{desc|ur|آپ|tr=āp|t=你}}
** {{desc|kfy|आप|tr=āp}}
** {{desc|ne|आंत|आफु}}
** {{desc|pa|ਆਪ}}
** {{desc|rom|pes|t=他自己,她自己}}
** {{desc|sd|पाण|tr=pāṇa}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:MW|0135}}
* {{R:CDIAL|ātmán|1135}}
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جاری
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{{also|جاري}}
==波斯语==
===词源 1===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|جَارِي}}。
====发音====
{{fa-IPA/old|j|ā|r|i}}
====形容词====
{{fa-adj|tr=jâri}}
# [[流動]]的
# [[現在]]的
# 目前[[主流]]的、[[主導]]的
#: {{quote-song|fa|author=Ali Fani|title=Be Tâ-hâ, be Yâ-sin|year=2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmBl0fVzPNA&ab_channel=AliFaniOfficial%2F%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A|text=به وحی الهی به قرآن جاری|tr=Be vahy-e elâhi, be Qor'ân-e '''jâri'''|t=由這真主的啟示,由大眾所信奉的古蘭經}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|as|জাৰি|জাৰী}}
* {{desc|bn|জারি|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|જારી|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಜಾರಿ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|जारी}}
*: {{desc|ur|جارِی|tr=-}}
* {{desc|mai|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|जारी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒖𑒰𑒩𑒲|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mr|जारी|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଜାରି|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa||alt=jārī|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਜਾਰੀ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جاری|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===词源 2===
源自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*h₁yenh₂tēr}}。
====其他形式====
* {{l|fa|یاری|tr=yâri}}
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=jâri|pl=جاریها}}
# [[丈夫]][[兄弟]]的[[妻子]]
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جنت
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{{also|جنب|خنب|حنت|خنت}}
==阿拉伯语==
===动词===
{{ar-verb form|جَنَّتْ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|جَنَّ||3|f|s|past|actv}}
===动词===
{{ar-verb form|جُنَّتْ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|جَنَّ||3|f|s|past|pasv}}
# {{inflection of|ar|جُنَّ||3|f|s|past|pasv}}
==俾路支語==
===词源===
源自{{der|bal|ar|جَنَّة}}。{{root|bal|ar|ج ن ن}}
===名词===
{{head|bal|名詞|tr=jannat}}
# [[天堂]]
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源 1===
{{etymid|ota|paradise}}
{{bor+|ota|fa-cls|جنت|tr=jannat|id=天堂}},源自{{der|ota|ar|جَنَّة}}。{{root|ota|ar|ج ن ن}}
====名词====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=cennet}}
# [[天堂]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ota|جنتلك|tr=cennetlik|t=虔誠的}}
* {{l|ota|جنتلی|tr=cennetli|t=已升入天堂的;已故的;記憶深刻的}}
* {{l|ota|جنتمكان|tr=cennetmekân|t=處於天堂中的;已故的}}
* {{l|ota|جنت قوشی|tr=cennet kuşu|t=天堂鳥}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|cennet}}
* {{desc|ab|џьанаҭ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sq|xhenet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|џѐнет|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|џѐннет}}、{{l|sh|Џѐнет}}、{{l|sh|Џѐннет}}
*: {{desc|sh|džènet|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|džènnet}}、{{l|sh|Džènet}}、{{l|sh|Džènnet}}
===词源 2===
{{etymid|ota|瘋狂}}
{{bor+|ota|fa-cls|جنت|tr=jinnat|id=瘋狂}},源自{{der|ota|ar|جِنَّة}}。{{root|ota|ar|ج ن ن}}
====名词====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=cinnet}}
# [[瘋狂]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|cinnet}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=447}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|جنت|tr=jannat|id=天堂}},源自{{der|ur|ar|جَنَّة}}。{{root|ur|ar|ج ن ن}}
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|janː.at}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ət̪|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|جَنْ|نَت}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|f|head=جَنَّت}}
# [[天堂]]
====变格====
{{ur-noun-c-f|جَنَّت|jannat}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
==烏修基語==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ush|ur|جنت|tr=jannat}}。
===名词===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=jannat}}
#[[天堂]]
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𑘎𑘳𑘽𑘥𑘰𑘨
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==馬拉地語==
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# {{mr-sc}}
==上古馬拉地語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|omr|𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘨}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|omr|pra|𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀪𑀸𑀭}}、{{m|pra|𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀪𑀆𑀭}},{{inh+|omr|sa|कुम्भकार|𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘥𑘎𑘰𑘨}}。同源詞包括{{cog|inc-opa|ਕੁਮ੍ਹ੍ਹਿਆਰੁ}} / {{m|inc-opa|کُمِیَارُ}}、{{cog|inc-mbn|কুম্ভার}}。
===名詞===
{{omr-noun|g=m|ad=1}}
# [[陶工]]
#* {{Q|omr|Dnyaneshwar|Jñā|18|424|transauthor=Vittal Ganesh Pradhan|transyear=1948|quote=𑘡𑘰𑘡𑘰 𑘓𑘰𑘽𑘎𑘲𑘽 𑘥𑘰𑘽𑘚𑘹𑘽 𑘕𑘰𑘩𑘹𑘽𑙁 𑘝𑘹𑘽 '''𑘎𑘳𑘽𑘥𑘰𑘨𑘹𑘽''' 𑘢𑘨𑘼𑘝𑘹𑘽 𑘡𑘹𑘩𑘹𑘽𑙁<br>𑘝𑘨𑘿𑘮𑘲𑘽 𑘥𑘪𑘹 𑘓𑘲 𑘝𑘹𑘽 𑘦𑘰𑘐𑘲𑘩𑘹𑘽𑙁 𑘥𑘪𑘽𑘚𑘲𑘩𑘹𑘢𑘜𑘹𑘽𑙂|t=當'''陶工'''從他的輪子上取下他所做的器皿時,<br/>輪子就會以其自轉的力量繼續旋轉。}}
#: {{syn|omr|𑘎𑘳𑘩𑘰𑘯}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mr||alt=kumbhār}}
*: {{desc|mr|कुंभार|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|𑘎𑘳𑘽𑘥𑘰𑘨|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|vah||alt=kumbhār}}
*: {{desc|vah|कुंभार|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|vah|𑘎𑘳𑘽𑘥𑘰𑘨|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|dra-okn|ಕುಂಬಾಱ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|kn|ಕುಂಬಾರ}}
* {{desc|te|కుమ్మర|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tcy|ಕುಂಬಾರ|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:omr:Tulpule|कुंभार|pg=164}}
* {{R:omr:Panse|276|column=1}}
* {{R:omr:Velingkar|116|column=1}}
* {{R:CDIAL|kumbhakāra|hw=1|page=171}}
{{c|omr|陶瓷|職業|人}}
==瓦爾哈迪語==
===名詞===
{{vah-noun|g=m}}
# {{vah-sc}}
stdhid8aqhg7okbyntzany3jq9kpzjp
جسم
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{{also|خشم|چشم}}
==阿拉伯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===词源 1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ج س م}}).
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|جَسُمَ}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/u~u.vn:جَسَامَة.ap:++}}
# {{lb|ar|不及物}} 變得[[笨重]]或[[巨大]];[[腫脹]];[[擴大]]
#: {{syn|ar|ضَخُمَ}}
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/u~u.vn:جَسَامَة.ap:++}}
===词源 2===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ج س م}}).
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|جَسَّمَ}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|II}}
# {{lb|ar|及物}} 使[[描述]]、[[設想]]等變得[[有形]];[[物質化]],[[具現化]]
#: {{syn|ar|جَسَّدَ}}
# {{lb|ar|及物}} [[擬人化]]
#: {{syn|ar|أَنْسَنَ|أَنَّسَ}}
# {{lb|ar|及物}} [[放大]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II}}
===词源 3===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ج س م}}。與{{cog|arc|גֶּשֶׁם||身體|tr=géshem}}同源。
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|جِسْم}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-جسم.ogg|音频}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|جِسْم|m|pl=أَجْسَام|pl2=جُسُوم}}
# [[身體]]
#: {{syn|ar|بَدَن|جَسَد|جُسْمَان|جُثْمَان|جُثَّة}}
# [[物體]]
#: {{syn|ar|جِرْم}}
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|جِسْم|pl=أَجْسَام|pl2=جُسُوم}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|afb|جسم|tr=jisim}}
* {{desc|ajp|جسم|tr=jism}}
*{{desc|bn|জেসম|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|जिस्म|tr=jism}}
*: {{desc|ur|جسم|tr=jism}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普语:
*: {{desc|pa|ਜਿਸਮ|tr=jism|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جسم|tr=jism|sclang=1}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{picdic|image=Human body features-nb.svg
|detail1=
1= {{l|ajp|راس}}
2= {{l|ajp|وجه}}
3= {{l|ajp|رقبة}}
4= {{l|ajp|كتف}}
5= {{l|ajp|صدر}}
6= {{l|ajp|صرة}}
7= {{l|ajp|بطن}}
8= {{l|ajp|مغبن}}
9= {{l|ajp|[[عضو]] [[ذكر|الذكر]]}}
'''10-14= {{l|ajp|اجر|إجر}}、{{l|ajp|رجل}}'''
10= {{l|ajp|فخد}}
11= {{l|ajp|ركبة}}
12= {{l|ajp|ساق}}
13= {{l|ajp|كاحل}}
14= {{l|ajp|اجر|إجر}}、{{l|ajp|قدم}}
'''15-19= {{l|ajp|ايد|إید}}、{{l|ajp|ذراع}}'''
16= {{l|ajp|كوع}}
17-18= {{l|ajp|زند}}
19= {{l|ajp|ايد|إید}}
}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ajp|ar|جِسْم}}。
===发音===
* {{ajp-IPA|jism<p:ˈʒɪ.s(ɪ)m>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-جسم.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}}
===名词===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=jism|pl=أجسام|pltr=ʾajsām}}
# [[身體]]
# [[物體]]
{{c|ajp|身體}}
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حرکت
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==波斯语==
===词源===
{{root|fa|ar|ح ر ك}}
借自{{bor|fa|ar|حَرَكَة}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|h|a|r|(|a|)|k|a|t|teh=0}}
===名词===
{{fa-regional|حرکت|حرکت|ҳаракат}}
{{fa-noun|tr=harakat|pl=حرکات|pltr=harakât|pl2=حرکتها|pl2tr=harakat-hâ}}
# {{lb|fa|physics}} [[運動]]
# [[移動]]
# [[行動]]
===感嘆詞===
{{head|fa|感嘆詞|tr=harkat}}
# [[開始]]!
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|হৰকত|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|হরকত|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|હરકત|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|हरकत}}
*: {{desc|ur|حَرْکَت}}
* {{desc|mr|हरकत|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ହରକତ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਹਰਕਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|حَرکَت|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|حَرْڪَتَ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|हर्कत|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Dehkhoda|حرکت}}
* {{R:NPED|harakat}}
* {{R:Lambton|page=56}}
* {{R:STEIN|حرکت}}
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مجسمه
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{{also|مجسمة}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
{{fa-regional|مجسمه|مجسمه|муҷассама}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|مجسّمه|tr=mojassame||帶長輔音符號}}
===词源===
{{root|fa|ar|ج س م}}
借自{{bor|fa|ar|مُجَسَّمَة|t=小模型}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|m|u|j|a|s|s|a|m|a}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=mojassame|pl=مجسمهها|pltr=mojassame-hâ}}
# [[雕像]]
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|fa|مجسمهساز|tr=mojassame-sâz}}
* {{l|fa|مجسمهسازی|tr=mojassame-sâzi}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|मुजस्समा}}
*: {{desc|ur|مُجَسَّمَہ}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਮੁਜੱਸਮਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مُجَسَّمَہ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|مجسمو|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|मुजस्समो|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑋗𑋣𑋂𑋝𑋪𑋝𑋗𑋧|sclang=1}}
0nru8dfasqrhnaafxhslfb0g8alayi2
гоноръ
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==古盧森尼亞語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|zle-ort|го́неръ}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|zle-ort|pl|honor}},源自{{der|zle-ort|zlw-opl|honor}},源自{{der|zle-ort|la|honor}},源自{{der|zle-ort|itc-ola|honōs}};更遠的來源{{unknown|zle-ort}}。<ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|гонор|560|1|ст. ''гоноръ'' (1625)}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:EDUL|го́нор|686|1|MUk. ''гоноръ'' (XVII c.)}}</ref><ref>{{R:be:ESBM|го́нар|101|3|honar}}</ref><ref>{{R:ru:Anikin|го́нор|208|11|ст.-укр. ''гоноръ'' XVII-XVIII вв., ст.-бел. ''гоноръ'' XVII в.}}</ref> 同源詞包括{{cog|en|honor}}。
===名詞===
{{zle-ort-noun|го́норъ|m-in}}
# [[榮譽]],[[尊嚴]]
# [[傲慢]],[[驕氣]]
====相關詞彙====
{{col2|zle-ort|title=動詞|гонорова́ти<g:impf>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|be|го́нар}}
* {{desc|rue|го́нор}}
* {{desc|uk|го́нор}}; {{desc|uk|го́нір|nolang=1|qq=方言}}
* {{desc|zle-mru|го́норъ|sc=Cyrs|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ru|го́нор}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zle-ouk:ISUJa|гоноръ|562}}
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|гоноръ|60|7|gonor}}
* {{R:zle-ouk:SUM-28|гоноръ, гонеръ|17|7}}
* {{R:zle-ouk:MSPKUM|гоноръ|181|1}}
ltkfeabbtmlmkb9jnychcfuywgbp6z7
زخم
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{{also|رحم|زحم}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|tr=z’hm|ts=zaxm}}。
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=zaxm}}
# [[受傷]]
====相关词汇====
* {{l|fa|زخمی|tr=zaxmi}}
* {{l|fa|زخمی شدن|tr=zaxmi shodan}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|জখম|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|જખમ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|ज़ख़्म|tr=zaxm}}
*: {{desc|ur|زخم|tr=zaxm}}
* {{desc|mr|जखम|tr=j̈akham|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਜ਼ਖ਼ਮ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|زَخم|sclang=1}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|زخم|tr=zaxm}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|zaxm}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=zaxm|hi=ज़ख़्म}}
# [[受傷]](多指刺傷、撕裂等)
====相关词汇====
* {{l|ur|زخم کھانا|tr=zaxm khānā}}
* {{l|ur|زخم بھرنا|tr=zaxm bharnā}}
* {{l|ur|زخم دینا|tr=zaxm denā}}
* {{l|ur|زخمی|tr=zaxmī}}
ejbp9qcsmifvmax7p8uth4bfl61iq1a
خود
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{{also|جود}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===词源 1===
源自{{inh|fa|pal|BNPŠE}} / {{m|pal|𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤|tr=xwad|sc=Phli}},源自{{inh|fa|peo|tr=huva}},源自{{inh|fa|ira-pro|*hwá}},源自{{inh|fa|iir-pro|*swá|pos=反身代詞}},源自{{inh|fa|ine-pro|*swé}}。<ref>Pokorny 992</ref>與{{m|fa|خدا|tr=xodâ|t=神,胡大}}有關。
====发音====
{{fa-IPA|xwad}}
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=xod}}
# [[自我]]
====代詞====
{{head|fa|代詞|tr=xod}}
# {{lb|fa|反身代詞}} [[自己]]
#* {{quote-book|fa|year=c. 1260|title={{w|玛斯纳维}}|author={{w|鲁米}}|text=حمله بر خود میکنی ای ساده مرد، همچو آن شیری که بر خود حمله کرد.|tr=hamle bar '''xod''' mi-koni ey sâde mard, hamčo ân šir-i ke bar '''xod''' hamle kard.|t=愚蠢的人啊,你正在攻擊'''你自己''',就像打'''自己'''的那頭獅子一樣。}}
#* {{quote-song|fa|year=2009|author={{w|lang=en|Shadmehr Aghili|沙德邁赫·阿吉利}}|title={{l|fa||تقدیر|tr=Taqdir}}|text=تو با '''خودت''' هم دشمنی.|tr=to bâ '''xod'''-et ham došman-i.|t=連你'''自己'''都成了你的敵人。}}
#: {{syn|fa|خویش|tr=xiš|pos=書面}}
# {{lb|fa|emphatic}} [[自己]]的
#: {{ux|fa|مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟|tr=Mâdar-e '''xod'''-râ ne-mi-šenâsi?|t=-|q=更加書面}}
#: {{ux|fa|مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟|tr=Mâdar-e '''xod'''-et-o ne-mi-šnâsi?|t=你不認識'''自己的'''母親嗎?|q=更加口語}}
#: {{syn|fa|خویش|tr=xiš|pos=書面}}
=====用法说明=====
{{m|fa||خود|tr=xod}}可以單獨使用,也可以置於{{m|fa|م|tr=-am|t=我的}}、{{m|fa|ت|tr=-at/et|t=你的}}、{{m|fa|ش|tr=-aš/eš|t=他/她的}}這些(作後綴的)代詞接語形式之前。單獨使用時,可作為任何主語的通用反身代詞:
* {{ux|fa|خود را دیدم|tr=xod-râ didam|t=我看見了[我]自己}}
* {{ux|fa|خود را دیدی|tr=xod-râ didi|t=你看見了[你]自己}}
後綴形式則特指了對象:
* {{ux|fa|خودم را دیدم|tr=xod-am-râ didam|t=我看見了我自己}}
* {{ux|fa|خودت را دیدی|tr=xod-at-râ didi|t=你看見了你自己}}
口語中多用後綴的形式。
=====衍生词汇=====
{{top2}}
* {{l|fa|خود به خود|tr=xod be xod}}
* {{l|fa|به خودی خود|tr=be xodi-ye xod}}
* {{l|fa|خودبین|tr=xodbin}}
* {{l|fa|خودی|tr=xodí}}
* {{l|fa|خودکار|tr=xodkâr}}
* {{l|fa|خودرو|tr=xodrow}}
* {{l|fa|خودآموز|tr=xodâmuz}}
* {{l|fa|بیخود|tr=bixod}}
* {{l|fa|بیخودی|tr=bixodí}}
* {{l|fa|از خود بیخود شدن|tr=az xod bixod šodan}}
* {{l|fa|خود نوشتن|tr=xod neveštan}}
* {{l|fa|خودکشی|tr=xod-koši}}
* {{l|fa|خودارضایی|tr=xod-erzâyi}}
{{bottom}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|as|খোদ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|Խոդ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|খোদ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ખુદ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|ख़ुद}}
*: {{desc|ur|خود|tr=xud}}
* {{desc|mr|खुद्द|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਖ਼ੁਦ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|خود|sclang=1}}
====参考资料====
{{reflist}}
===词源 2===
{{etymid|fa|頭盔}}
源自{{inh|fa|pal|xwd|tr=xōd|t=頭盔}},借自{{bor|fa|xpr|xwwd|tr=*xōδ|gloss=頭盔}},源自{{cog|ira-old}},最终源自{{der|fa|ine-pro|*kadʰ-||守衛;覆蓋;照顧;保護}}。安息語詞彙與{{cog|peo|𐎧𐎢𐎭𐎠|tr=xaudā-||帽子}}、{{cog|ae|𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀|t=頭盔}}、{{cog|os|худ||帽子}}、{{cog|en|hat}}、{{m|en|hood}}等同源。波斯語對應的繼承詞是{{m|fa|خوی|tr=xoy}}。類似於借自伊朗語族的{{cog|xcl|խոյր}}、{{m|xcl|արտախոյր}}、{{cog|ka|ხვირი}}、{{cog|ar|خُوذَة}}。
====发音====
{{fa-IPA|xōd}}
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=xud|pl=خودها}}
# [[頭盔]]
#: {{syn|fa|ترگ|tr=targ}}
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|fa|کلاهخود|tr=kolâh-xud}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:xcl:HAB|խոյր}}
{{c|fa|盔甲|頭飾}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|خود|tr=xod}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|xud|xwud}}
===代詞===
{{ur-pron|tr=xud,xvud|hi=ख़ुद}}
# {{n-g|[[反身代詞]]}}:[[自己]]
#: {{ur-x|میں یہ کام '''خود''' کروں گا۔|tr=ma͠i ye kām '''xud''' karūṅgā.|這份工作'''我自己'''來做。}}
====近义词====
* {{l|ur|آپ|tr=āp}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ur|خود بخود|tr=xud ba-xud, xvud ba-xvud}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:UR-HI-EN}}
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ota|fa|دوربین|tr=durbin}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ota|[dyɾˈbin]|[dyɾˈbyn]}}
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=dürbin, dürbün}}
# [[望遠鏡]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|dürbün}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|dyrbi|dylbi}}
* {{desc|mk|дурбин|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ду̀рбӣн|sclang=1|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|dùrbīn|sclang=1|alts=1}}
===形容词===
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=dürbin, dürbün}}
# [[未卜先知]]的
{{c|ota|測量儀器}}
==波斯语==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
[[File:دوربین تعقیب بالون.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|fa|دوربین}}|upright=1.15]]
===词源===
源自{{compound|fa|دور|tr1=dur|بین|tr2=bin}}。“望遠鏡”之義起於17世紀初,歐洲人將其帶到中東之後,{{calque|fa|la|tēlescopum}}、{{m|la|tēlescopium}}。但這也使得這個意思可能先出現在{{semantic loan|fa|ota|-|notext=1}}中。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|dūr`bīn}}
===形容词===
{{fa-noun|tr=durbin}}
# [[遠視]]的
# {{lb|fa|比喻}} 有[[遠見]]的,[[前瞻性]]的
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=durbin}}
# [[望遠鏡]]
# [[照相機]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tg|дурбин}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|دَرْبِين|دَرْبِيل|t2=望遠鏡}} {{qual|方言}}
** {{desc|sw|darubini|bor=1|t=望遠鏡}}
* {{desc|hy|դուրբին|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|az|durbin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|দূরবিন|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|დურბინდი|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|दूरबीन}}
*: {{desc|ur|دوربین|tr=dūrbīn}}
* {{desc|kk|дүрбі|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|دوربین|tr=dürbin, dürbün|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|دۇربۇن|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|durbin|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Bläsing:1997|section=28. durde (Tunceli) ‘Fernglas’|pages=93–96}}
{{c|fa|測量儀器}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
源自{{uder|ur|fa|دوربین}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|dūr-bīn}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=dūr-bīn|hi=दूरबीन}}
# [[望遠鏡]]
===形容词===
{{ur-adj|tr=dūr-bīn|hi=दूरबीन}}
# 有[[遠見]]的
====近义词====
* {{l|ur|دور اندیش|tr=dūr-andesh}}
===相关词汇===
* {{l|ur|دور بینی|tr=dūr-bīnī}}
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==波斯语==
===词源===
{{affix|fa|بد|ـی}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|ba`dī}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=badi}}
# [[壞]],[[邪惡]]
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 旁遮普语:
*: {{desc|pa|ਬਦੀ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|بدی|tr=badī|sclang=1}}
* {{desctree|ur|بدی|tr=badī|bor=1}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ur|fa|بدی|tr=badī}}。
===名词===
{{ur-noun|g=f|tr=badī|hi=बदी}}
# [[壞]],[[邪惡]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ush|بدی|tr=badī|bor=1}}
==烏修基語==
===词源===
源自{{bor|ush|ur|بدی|tr=badī}}。
===名词===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=badī}}
# [[壞]],[[邪惡]]
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{dercat|pra|iir-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}
{{inh+|pra|sa|एक}}。
===數詞===
{{pra-num|s}}
# [[一]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|inc-agu|}}
** {{desc|inc-ogu|}}
*** {{desc|inc-mgu|}}
**** {{desc|gu|એક}}
* 帕哈里語支:
** {{desc|gbm|यक}}
** {{desc|ne|एक}}
** 西帕哈里語支:
*** {{desc|doi|-}}
**** {{desc|doi|इक|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|doi|𑠂𑠊|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-}}
** {{desc|pa|ਇੱਕ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pa|اِکّ|sclang=1}}
* {{desctree|rom|jekh}}
* {{desctree|inc-asa|एक्क|tr=ekka}}
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{{also|أخبار|إخبار|أختار|اختار|أحبار|إجبار|أخباز}}
==布羅克斯卡特語==
===名词===
{{head|bkk|名詞|g=|tr=axbār}}
#[[官員]]
{{c|bkk|人}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|fa|ar|أَخْبَار}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA/old|a|x|b|ā|r}}
* {{rhymes|fa|âr|s=2}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=axbâr}}
# [[新聞]],[[消息]]({{plural of|fa|خبر|tr=xabar}})
# [[信息]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|doi|अखबार}}
* 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|bor=1|hi|अख़बार}}
*: {{desc|bor=1|ur|اخبار|tr=axbār}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mup|अखबार}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ne|अखबार}}
* 旁遮普语:
*: {{desc|bor=1|pa|ਅਖਬਾਰ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|bor=1|pa|اخبار|tr=axbār|slb=1}}
==乌尔都语==
===词源===
源自{{uder|ur|ar|أَخْبَار}}。
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|axbār}}
===名词===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=axbār|pl=اخبارات|hi=अख़बार}}
# {{plural of|ur|خبر}}
# [[報紙]];[[雜誌]]
====近义词====
* {{l|ur|سماچار پتر|tr=samācār-patr}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|ur|خبر|tr=xabar}}
* {{l|ur|خبریں|tr=xabrẽ}}
* {{l|ur|اخبارات|tr=axbārāt}}
* {{l|ur|اخباری|tr=axbārī}}
* {{l|ur|اخباری تھڑا|tr=axbārī thaṛā}}
{{c|ur|媒體}}
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धैर्य
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==印地语==
===词源===
{{root|hi|sa|धृ}}
{{root|hi|ine-pro|*dʰer-}}
{{bor+|hi|sa|धैर्य}}。
===发音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名词===
{{hi-noun|m|ur=دَھیرْیَہ}}
# {{lb|hi|正式}} [[耐心]],[[冷静]]
#: {{hi-x|'''धैर्य''' रखना|有'''耐心'''}}
====变格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
====近义词====
* {{l|hi|धीरज}}
* {{l|hi|सब्र|tr=sabr}}
===专有名词===
{{hi-proper noun|m}}
# {{given name|hi|male|xlit=Dhairya|from=梵語}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
* {{R:hi:Dasa}}
* {{R:Platts}}
==梵语==
===其他书写系统===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
{{vrd-ya|sa|धीर|tr=dhī́ra}},源自{{sa-root|धृ|PIE=dʰer|notext=1|t=牢固}}。
===发音===
* {{sa-IPA}}
===名词===
{{sa-noun|g=n}}
# [[牢固]],[[稳固]]
# [[耐心]]
# [[勇气]],[[刚毅]]
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-n}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ks|-}}
*: {{desc|ks|دٲر|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|दऻर|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಧೈರ್ಯ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ta|தைரியம்|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|ధైర్యము|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|धैर्य|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|ধৈর্য|bor=1}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:MW|520|column=2}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*sed-}}
源自{{m|sla-pro|*xodъ||移动,运动}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*sod-}},源自词根{{m|ine-pro|*sed-||坐}}。
印欧语系同源词包括{{cog|grc|ὁδεύω||游荡}}。
===动词===
{{sla-verb}}
# [[走]],[[前往]]
====变位====
{{sla-conj||-1}}
====参见====
{{top4}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*ěxati|t=走,去,乘某物前往}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*ěti|t=t走,去,乘某物前往}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*gręsti|t=走,去}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*jьti|t=走,去}}
{{bottom}}
====衍生词汇====
{{top3}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xaďati||正常地走路}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodakъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodatati||传播,传送}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*xodatajь||律师}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodidlo}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*Xodislavъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*Xodivojь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xoďa}} / {{l|sla-pro|*xoďь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xoďajь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xoďane}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xoďenьje||走路}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodunъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodyka}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodьba||步调}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodьcь}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*xodьnъ}} / {{l|sla-pro|*xodьna}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*jьzxoditi}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*naxoditi}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxoďajь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxoďenьje}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxoďьjь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxoduxъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodъka}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьca}} / {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьcь}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьčivъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьlivъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьnъ}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*naxodьnikъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*oxoditi}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*oxoda}} / {{l|sla-pro|*oxodъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*oxoďa}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*oxoďenьje}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*oxodьnъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*orzxoditi}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodati}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxoďьjь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodъ}} / {{l|sla-pro|*orzxody}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodovati}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodъka}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodьnъ}}
*** {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodьnica}} / {{l|sla-pro|*orzxodьnikъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*otъxoditi}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*otъxoďati}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*otъxodъ}}、{{l|sla-pro|*otъxody}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*otъxodьnъ}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支
** {{desc|orv|ходити}} {{i|10世纪}}
*** {{desctree|zle-ort|ходити|alt=ходи́ти}}
*** {{desc|ru|ходи́ть}},一单{{l|ru|хожу́}},三单{{l|ru|хо́дит}}
* 南斯拉夫语支
** 古教会斯拉夫语:
**: 西里尔字母:{{l|cu|ходити}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱈⱁⰴⰻⱅⰻ|}}
** {{desc|bg|хо́дя}}
** {{desc|mk|оди}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|хо̀дити|sclang=1}}, 1sg. {{l|sh|хо̏дӣм}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|hòditi}},一单{{l|sh|hȍdīm}}
*** 查方言{{a|sh|Vrgada}}:{{l|sh|hodȉti}}
*** 查方言{{a|sh|Orbanići}}:{{l|sh|hodȉt}},一单{{l|sh|hȍdin}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|hóditi}},一单{{l/sl-tonal|họ́dim}}
* 西斯拉夫语支
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|choditi}}
*** {{desc|cs|chodit}}
**** 波西米亚{{a|cs|Chod}}:{{l|cs|chodit}}
** {{desc|csb|chòdzëc}}
** {{desc|pox|x’üdĕt}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|chodzić}}
<!---*** Masurian: {{desc|zlw-mas|chodżicz|alts=1}}--->
*** {{desc|pl|chodzić}}
*** {{desc|szl|chodzić}}
** {{desc|sk|chodiť}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|χʉ̀ɵ̯ʒĕc}}
** 索布语:
**: 上索布语:{{l|hsb|chodźić}}
**: 下索布语:{{l|dsb|chójźiś}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|202|*xoditi}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|ход}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|ходи́ть|346|2}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*xoditi|48|8}}
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|ota|fa|دربند|tr=darband|t=山口;路口;關口}},源自{{compound|fa|nocat=1|در|tr1=dar|t1=門|بند|tr2=band|t2=結}},即意為“閂住的門”。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=derbent, dervent}}
# {{lb|ota|地理学}} [[關口]],[[狹路]]
#: {{syn|ota|گچید|tr1=[[geçit]]}}
# [[山口]],[[關隘]][[要塞]]
====用法说明====
''derbent'' 的發音更正式,''dervent'' 則多用於口語,並傳入大部分的巴爾幹半島語言。根據 Georgiev 的說法,大部分都是經由{{m+|el|δερβένι}}(對比{{m+|bg|дерве́н}}、{{m+|mk|дервен}}、{{m+|sh|дѐрвен}} 中尾音 ''-t'' 的脫落可得)。
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ota|دربندجی|tr=derbentçi, derventçi|t=部署在山口的非常規士兵或海關官員}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|derbent|pos=n}} {{qual|弃用}}
** {{desc|tr|derbentçi|der=1|pos=n}} {{qual|歷史}}
* {{desc|el|δερβένι|bor=1|g=n}}
** {{desc|el|δερβενάκι|der=1|g=n}} {{qual|罕用}}、{{l|el|δερβέναγας|g=m}}
** {{desc|bor=1|bg|дерве́н|g=m|дерве́нт|g2=m}} {{qual|弃用}}
*** {{desc|bg|дервентджия|der=1|g=m}} {{qual|歷史}}
** {{desc|mk|дервен|bor=1|g=m}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}} {{qual|弃用}}
**: {{desc|sh|дѐрвен|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|dèrven|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|en|derbend|bor=1|pos=n}} {{qual|过时}}
* {{desc|ro|dervent|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}} {{qual|弃用}}
*: {{desc|sh|дѐрбент|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|dèrbent|sclang=1}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=894}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=567}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|derbent}}
* {{R:bg:BER|дервен|344|1}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|retorqueō}} 的完成時被動分詞。
===分詞===
{{la-part|retortus}}
# 被[[扭動]]、被[[轉動]]、被[[彎曲]]
====變格====
{{la-adecl|retortus}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ca|redort}}、{{desc|ca|redorta|nolang=1}}、{{desc|ca|ridorta|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|gl|retorto}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
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دكان
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{{also|دکان|دُکان}}
==阿拉伯语==
[[File:20160516 190 thessaloniki.jpg|thumb|right|{{l|ar|دُكَّان|tr=-}}|300px]]
===词源===
源自{{bor|ar|arc|דּוּכָּנָא|tr=dukkānā|t=講臺}},源自{{der|ar|akk|𒆠𒍇|ts=takkannu, dakkannu, dukkannu|t=讲台,平台,长凳;壁龛,卧室,私人房间}},最终源自{{der|ar|sux|𒆠𒍇|ts=daggan|t=房间,门口或其框架,墙上的壁龛}}。
===发音===
* {{ar-pr|دُكَّان}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-دكان.ogg|音频}}
===名词===
{{ar-noun|دُكَّان|m|pl=دَكَاكِين}}
# [[講臺]]
# [[商店]]
====变格====
{{ar-decl-noun|دُكَّان|pl=دَكَاكِين}}
====近义词====
* {{l|ar|حَانُوت}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|az|dükan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|dukhan}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ka|დუქანი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ota|دكان|tr=düḱḱan}}
** {{desc|tr|dükkân}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ab|адәқьан}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|dyqan}}
** {{desc|bor=1|bg|дюкян}}
** {{desc|bor=1|crh|tükân}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|dugheană}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ru|духа́н}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|дућан}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|dućan}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|hu|duttyán}}
** {{desc|bor=1|uk|духа́н}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|axm|դուքան}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nog|туькен}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|دوکان|tr=dukân}}、{{desctree|notext=1|bor=1|fa|دکان|tr=dokkân}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|adoquín}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sw|duka}}
====参考资料====
* {{R:CAL|dwkn|N}}
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=188}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|دكان}}
{{c|ar|商店}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===词源===
源自{{inh|ajp|ar|دُكَّان}}。
===发音===
* {{ajp-IPA|dukkān<p:dukˈkæːn><p:dukˈkaːn>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AmmanM (AdrianAbdulBaha)-دكّان.wav|音頻 (安曼)}}
===名词===
{{ajp-noun|head=دكّان|g=f|tr=dukkān|pl=دكاكين|pltr=dakākīn}}
# [[商店]]
#: {{syn|ajp|محلّ|tr=maḥall}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|ajp|دكّانجي|tr=dukkanji|t=店主}}
{{c|ajp|商店}}
5hw4h8lvkss19ccpqqmjhz2fmjwvbtg
زار
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{{also|Appendix:"zar"的變體|راز}}
==阿拉伯语==
{{ar-rootbox|ز و ر}}
===词源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ز و ر}}。
===发音===
* {{ar-pr|زَارَ}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-زار.ogg|音频}}
* {{rhymes|ar|aːr}}
===动词===
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.pass.vn:زَوْر,زِيَارَة,مَزَار,زُوَارَة,زُوَار}}
# [[拜訪]],[[訪問]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.pass.vn:زَوْر,زِيَارَة,مَزَار,زُوَارَة,زُوَار}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=2|page=265}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|page=1268}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-5-de|page=535}}
==埃及阿拉伯语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|arz|ar|زَارَ}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|arz|/zɑːr/}}
===动词===
{{arz-verb|form=1|tr=zār|impf=يزور|impftr=yizūr}}
# [[拜訪]],[[訪問]]
====變位====
{{arz-conj/faal-yifuul|ز|ر|z|r}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===词源===
{{ary-rootbox|ز و ر}}
源自{{inh|ary|ar|زَارَ}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ary|/zaːr/}}
* {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Fenakhay-زار.wav|音频}}
===动词===
{{ary-verb|I|tr=zār|np=يزور|nptr=yzūr}}
# [[拜訪]],[[訪問]]
====變位====
{{ary-conj-faal-yfuul|ز|ر|z|r}}
==鄂图曼土耳其语==
===词源 1===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|إِزَار}}。
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=zar}}
# [[膜]],[[皮]]
===词源 2===
源自{{bor|ota|ar|زَهْر}}。
====名词====
{{ota-noun|tr=zar}}
# [[骰子]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|zar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|zar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|зар}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|зар}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|zar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|зар}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|zar}}
==波斯语==
===词源 1===
{{etymid|fa|哀嘆}}
最终源自{{der|fa|ira-pro|*jāráyati}}。
====名词====
{{fa-regional|زار|زار|зор}}
{{fa-noun|tr=zâr}}
# [[哀嘆]]
# [[呻吟]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|fa|زار زار|tr=zâr-zâr}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|hy|զար|զառ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|zar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ზარი|id=哀嘆|bor=1}}
===词源 2===
{{etymid|fa|骰子}}
源自{{bor|fa|ar|زَهْر}}。
====名词====
{{fa-noun|tr=zâr}}
# [[骰子]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|զառ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|ზარი}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ز و ر}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ajp|ar|زَارَ}}。
===发音===
* {{ajp-IPA|zār<p:zɑːrˤ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-زار.wav|音頻 (盧德)}}
===动词===
{{ajp-verb|I|tr=zār|pres=بزور|prestr=bizūr}}
# [[拜訪]],[[訪問]]
====變位====
{{ajp-conj/DW|ز|ر|z|r}}
==乌尔都语==
===发音===
* {{ur-IPA|zār}}
===词源 1===
{{bor+|ur|fa|زار|tr=zâr}}。
====名词====
{{ur-noun|m|tr=zār|hi=ज़ार}}
# [[哀嘆]]
# [[呻吟]]
=====衍生词汇=====
* {{l|ur|زار زار|tr=zār-zār}}
===词源 2===
{{bor+|ur|en|czar}},源自{{der|ur|ru|царь}}。
====名词====
{{ur-noun|m|tr=zār|hi=ज़ार}}
# [[沙皇]]
=====近义词=====
* {{l|ur|تسار|tr=tsār}}
sf1ahl9rymex6lcdbmtxn18aofb4wl4
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|submergō}}
===詞源===
源自 {{pre|la|sub|mergō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|summergō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|3|summergō|summers|summers}}
# [[下沉]],[[淹沒]],[[湮沒]]
#: {{syn|la|dēmergō|immergō|mergō|dēmittō|sepeliō|prōcumbō|supprimō}}
# [[戰勝]],[[征服]]
#: {{syn|la|subigō|subiciō|dēvincō|vincō|conquestō|superō|domō|prōflīgō|caedō|obruō|exsuperō|pellō|opprimō|premō|fundō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|summergō|summers|summers}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|summergēns}}
* {{l|la|summersiō}}
* {{l|la|summersus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|somorgollar}}、{{desc|ca|submergir|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|en|submerge|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|submerger}}
* {{desc|it|sommergere}}
* {{desc|pt|submergir}}
* {{desc|ro|submerge}}
* {{desc|es|sumergir}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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ركبة
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{{also|ركبه}}
==阿拉伯语==
===词源 1===
可能源自{{inh|ar|sem-pro||*rukba-|t=膝蓋}},換位自{{inh|ar|sem-pro|*birk-||膝蓋}},與詞根{{ar-root|ب ر ك}}有關。Ehret (1995) 則認為本詞派生自{{inh|ar|afa-pro|*ruk-|t=彎曲}}。
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|رُكْبَة}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-ركبة.ogg|音频}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|رُكْبَة|f|d=رُكْبَتَانِ|pl=رُكَب|pl2=رُكْبَات}}
# {{lb|ar|解剖学}} [[膝蓋]]
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|رُكْبَة|pl=رُكَب|pl2=رُكْبَات}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desctree|ota|ركبه|tr=rükbe|bor=1}}
===词源 2===
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|رَكَبَة}}
====名词====
{{ar-head|nounf|رَكَبَة|m-p}}
# {{plural of|ar|رَاكِب}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|roa-oca|reacoa|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ca|rècula}}、{{desc|ca|rècua|nolang=1}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
{{ary-rootbox|ب ر ك}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ary|ar|رُكْبة}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|ary|/ruk.ba/}}
* {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Fenakhay-ركبة.wav|音频}}
* {{audio|ary|LL-Q56426 (ary)-Anass Sedrati-ركبة.wav|音频}}
===名词===
{{ary-noun|g=f|tr=rukba|d=ركبتين|dtr=rkubtayn|pl=ركاب|pltr=rkāb|pl2=ركبات|pl2tr=rukbāt|pl3=ركابي|pl3tr=rkābi}}
# {{lb|ary|解剖学}} [[膝蓋]]
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ر ك ب}}
===词源===
源自{{inh|ajp|ar|رُكْبة}}。
===发音===
* {{ajp-IPA|rukbe<p:rʊk.be>|rukba<p:rʊk.ba>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-ركبة.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}}
===名词===
{{ajp-noun|g=f|tr=rukbe|pl=ركب|pltr=rukab|pl2=ركاب|pl2tr=rkāb}}
# [[膝蓋]]
====参见====
* {{l-self|ajp|[[صابونة]] [[ركبة|الركبة]]|tr=ṣābūnet ir-rukbe|t=髕骨}}
{{c|ajp|身體部位}}
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مكیك
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==鄂图曼土耳其语==
[[File:Saudykle.2008-03-04.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|مكیك}}|upright=1.15]]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|مكوك|tr1=mekuk, mekük}}
===词源===
源自{{der|ota|fa|مکوک|tr=makôk|t=梭子}}。
===名词===
{{ota-noun|tr=mekik}}
# [[梭子]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|mekik}}
* {{desc|sq|miqik|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|մեքիք|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|меки́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|mȅćik|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|mèćik}}、{{l|sh|mèćīk}}
*: {{desc|sh|ме̏ћик|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|мѐћик}}、{{l|sh|мѐћӣк}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:tr:OTK|mekik|vol=1|page=3118}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=1217}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1432|Radius}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=4870|entry=مكوك}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|mekik}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1962}}
{{C|ota|梭織}}
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رف
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{{also|رق}}
==阿拉伯语==
===词源 1===
{{unk|ar|有爭議}}:
* 來自本土詞根{{ar-root|ر ف ف}},取其張開翅膀義表示保護的象徵、被單;最初指篷或覆蓋物;語義上與建築物的一層有關聯,因為每個窗戶上方都會有這樣一個架子。參見{{cog|he|רפפות||t=百叶窗;层状细条的集合}}、{{cog|amw|ܪܦ|tr=rap|t=層;房間}}。
* 來自本土詞根{{ar-root|ر ف ف}},取其將手肘伸到枕頭或墊子義,來自伸出的翅膀;指放置東西的地方,讓東西散佈的地方。
* {{root|ar|ine-pro|*h₁rebʰ-}}源自{{der|ar|arc|-}},參見其後代{{cog|amw|ܪܦ|tr=rap|t=層;房間}},具體詞源未知,但可能是外來詞乃至借詞;作為外來來源,可能與{{der|ar|ine-pro|*h₁rebʰ-}}有關。
====发音====
* {{ar-pr|رَفّ}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-رف.ogg|音频}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|رَفّ|m|pl=رُفُوف|pl2=أَرْفُف|pl3=رِفَاف}}
# [[架子]];[[窗臺]]
#* 不早於'''2000'''年,[https://www.aldiwan.net/poem1051.html {{l|ar||كَرِيم مَعْتُوق}}]
#*: {{quote|ar|مَا مَرَّ شَذَاهَا بِخُطُوطِ الْوَرَقِ الْمُلْقَى عَلَى الْأَرْفُفِ|她的气味还没有从'''架子'''上纸页的字里行间中散发出来。}}
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|رَفّ|pl=رُفُوف|pl2=أَرْفُف|pl3=رِفَاف}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|ca|ràfec|bor=1|t=屋簷}}
* {{desc|fa|رف|tr=raf|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|راف|bor=1|tr=raf}}
** {{desc|tr|raf}}
** {{desc|sq|raft|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bg|рафт|bor=1}}
** {{desc|el|ράφι|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|raft|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ра̏ф|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|rȁf|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sw|rafu|bor=1}}
===词源 2===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ر ف ف}}。
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/a~i.ipass?.vn:رَفّ,رَفِيف}}
# [[閃爍]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~i.ipass?.vn:رَفّ,رَفِيف}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u,i.ipass?.vn:رَفّ}}
# [[顫抖]],[[抽搐]]
# [[閃爍]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u,i.ipass?.vn:رَفّ}}
====动词====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u,i.ipass?.vn:رُفُوف,رَفِيف}}
# [[勤奮]][[服侍]]({{m|ar|لِ}}:某人)
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u,i.ipass?.vn:رُفُوف,رَفِيف}}
====名词====
{{ar-noun|رَفّ|m}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|رَفَّ|form=I}}
=====变格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|رَفّ}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=13}}
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=2|page=170}}
* {{R:ar:Kazimirski|volume=1|page=892}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|pages=1115–1116}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|page=403}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-5-de|page=483}}
{{topics|ar|家具}}
==波斯语==
===词源===
源自{{bor|fa|ar|رَفّ}}。
===发音===
{{fa-IPA|raf}}
===名词===
{{fa-noun|tr=raf}}
# [[架子]]
{{topics|fa|家具}}
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Маньчжурия
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==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
{{wikipedia|lang=ru|Маньчжурия (город)}}
===其他寫法===
* {{alt|ru|Маньчжу́рія||ru-PRO}}
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Маньчжу́рия}}
* {{hyph|ru|Мань|чжу́|ри|я}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Маньчжу́рия}}
# [[滿洲]]
#: {{syn|ru|Маньчжу}}
# {{w|滿洲里站}}
# {{place|ru|市|ar/內蒙古|c/中國|t1=滿洲里}}
#: {{syn|ru|Маньчжоули}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Маньчжу́рия|n=sg}}
====衍生詞====
{{col1|ru|Вне́шняя Маньчжу́рия<t:外滿洲><g:f-in>}}
====相關詞====
{{col3|ru|маньчжу́р<g:m-an>|маньчжу́рка<g:f-an>|маньчжу́рский}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|izh|Mancžjuria|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mnc|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᡵ|der=1}}
* {{desc|mn|-|der=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mn|Манжуур|sclang=1}}
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سازش
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|fa|ساز|tr1=sâz|ش}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|s|ā|z|i|š}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=sâzeš}}
# [[合謀]],[[串通]]
# [[約定]]
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|साज़िश}}
*: {{desc|ur|سازش|tr=sāziś}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਸਾਜ਼ਿਸ਼|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|ਸਾਜ਼ਸ਼}}
*: {{desc|pa|سازِش|sclang=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|fa|سازش کردن|tr=sâzeš kardan|t=合謀;約定}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|سازش|tr=sâzeš}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|sāziś}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=sāziś|hi=साज़िश}}
# [[陰謀]],[[密謀]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:Fallon|head=sāziś}}
* {{R:Platts|head=sāziś}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
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कर्पूर
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==印地語==
===詞源===
{{dercat|hi|aav}}
{{lbor|hi|sa|कर्पूर|tr=karpū́ra}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|m|ur=کَرْپُور}}
# {{syn of|hi|कपूर||[[樟腦]]}}
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:hi:Dasa}}
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
可能源自{{bor|sa|aav|-}}。<ref>{{R:CDIAL|karpūˊra|hw=1}}</ref>也有可能{{bor+|sa|poz-mly-pro|*kapur}},源自{{der|sa|poz-pro|*qapuʀ}},源自{{der|sa|map-pro|*qapuʀ||石灰,鈣}}。
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=karpū́ra|g=mn}}
# [[樟腦]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|karpū́ra}}
{{sa-decl-noun-n|karpū́ra}}
====派生語彙====
{{rel-top|繼承詞}}
* {{desc|pi|kappura}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀽𑀭}}
*: {{desc|pra-hel|-}}
** {{desc|si|කපුරු}}
*: {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
** {{desc|or|କପୂର}}
** {{desc|mai|-}}
**: {{desc|mai|कपूर|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|mai|𑒏𑒣𑒴𑒩|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
** {{desc|kok||alt=kāpūr}}
**: {{desc|kok|कापूर|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kok|ಕಾಪೂರ್|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|kok|kapur|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|omr||alt=kāpura}}
**: {{desc|omr|कापुर|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘎𑘰𑘢𑘳𑘨|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mr|कापूर}}
*: {{desc|pra-pai|-}}
** {{desc|inc-ata|-}}
*** {{desc|inc-opa|ਕਪੂਰੁ}}
**** {{desc|pa||alt=kapūr}}
****: {{desc|pa|ਕਪੂਰ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pa|کَپُور|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|inc-avr|-}}
*** {{desc|sd|-}}
***: {{desc|sd|ڪَپوُرُ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|sd|कपूरु|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
** {{desc|inc-agu|-}}
*** {{desc|inc-ogu|कपूरि|pos=工具格單數}}
***: {{desc|gu|કપૂર}}
***: {{desc|mwr|कपूर}}
** {{desc|inc-asa|-}}
*** {{desc|inc-ohi|कपूर}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
****: {{desc|hi|कपूर}}
****: {{desc|ur|کَپُور}}
***** {{tooltip|可能經過類推或語素添加|⇒}} 印度斯坦語:
*****: {{desc|hi|कपूरी}}
*****: {{desc|ur|کَپُورِی}}
{{rel-bottom}}
{{rel-top|古典借詞}}
* {{desc|as|কৰ্পূৰ}}
* {{desc|bn|কর্পূর}}
* {{desctree|my|ပရုတ်}}
* {{desc|inc-ogu|कर्पूरि|pos=工具格單數}}
** {{desc|gu|કર્પૂર}}
* 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|कर्पूर}}
*: {{desc|ur|کَرْپُور}}
* {{desc|kn|ಕರ್ಪೂರ}}
* {{desc|km|កប៌ូរ}}
* {{desc|mai|-}}
*: {{desc|mai|कर्पूर|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒏𑒩𑓂𑒣𑒴𑒩|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ml|കർപ്പൂരം}}
* {{desc|mni|ꯀꯔꯄꯨꯔ}}
* {{desc|omr||alt=karpura}}
*: {{desc|omr|कर्पुर|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘢𑘳𑘨|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mr|कर्पूर}}
* {{desc|or|କର୍ପୂର}}
* {{desc|si|කර්පූර}}
* {{desc|ta|கற்பூரம்}}
* {{desc|te|కర్పూరము}}
* {{desc|th|การบูร}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:MW|258}}
* {{R:DCS}}
* {{R:Apte}}
* {{R:MCD}}
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{{also|देवी|देवृ|दैव|द्व}}
==阿瓦德语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|awa|sa|देव|tr=devá}},源自{{der|awa|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{der|awa|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。
===名词===
{{head|awa|名詞|复数|देवन}}
# [[神]]
#* {{Q|awa|{{w|Tulsidas}}|{{lang|awa|संकटमोचन हनुमानाष्टक}}|quote='''देवन''' आनि करी बिनती}}
==印地语==
===词源 1===
{{root|hi|ine-pro|*dyew-}}
{{bor+|hi|sa|देव}},源自{{der|hi|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{der|hi|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。
====发音====
* {{hi-IPA}}
====名词====
{{hi-noun|m|ur=دیو}}
# {{lb|hi|Hinduism|Buddhism|Jainism}} [[神]]
#: {{syn|hi|देवता|भगवान}}
=====用法说明=====
{{m|hi||देव}}一般仅用于复合词或专有名词({{m|hi||रामदेव}}、{{m|hi||हरदेव}}等)
=====变格=====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
=====衍生词汇=====
{{der3|hi|{{l|hi|देवकन्या|t=水神,天上的仙女}}|{{l|hi|देवकार्य|t=让神息怒的宗教仪式}}|{{l|hi|देवकुल|t=万神殿}}|{{l|hi|देवगृह|t=寺庙}}|{{l|hi|देवत्रिय|t=三相神:梵天,毗湿奴,湿婆}}|{{l|hi|देवदूत|t=天使}}|देवता}}
=====相关词汇=====
* {{l|hi|देवी}}
====专有名词====
{{hi-proper noun|m|ur=دیو}}
# {{given name|hi|male|from=梵语|xlit=Dev}}
=====变格=====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
===词源 2===
{{bor+|hi|fa-cls|دیو|tr=dēw}}。
====名词====
{{hi-noun|m|ur=دیو}}
# [[恶魔]]
# [[精灵]]
# [[巨人]]
=====变格=====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:Bahri}}
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
* {{R:hi:Dasa}}
* {{R:CDIAL|dēvá|6523}}
==马拉地语==
{{wikipedia|lang=mr}}
===词源===
{{root|mr|ine-pro|*dyew-}}
{{bor+|mr|sa|देव}},源自{{der|mr|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{der|mr|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。
===发音===
* {{mr-IPA}}
===名词===
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# {{lb|mr|Hinduism|Buddhism|Jainism}} [[神]]
====变格====
{{mr-noun-c-m|देव|dev}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|mr|देवी}}
===专有名词===
{{mr-proper noun|g=m}}
# {{given name|mr|male|from=Sanskrit|xlit=Dev}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:mr:Berntsen}}
* {{R:mr:Molesworth}}
* {{R:mr:Vaze}}
==古古吉拉特语==
===词源===
借自{{bor|inc-ogu|sa|देव|tr=devá}},源自{{der|inc-ogu|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{der|inc-ogu|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。
===名词===
{{inc-ogu-noun|g=m}}
# [[神]]
==巴利语==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=deva|Laoo=ເທວ|Laoo2=ເທວະ}}
===词源===
<!-- As for Sanskrit below. -->
{{root|pi|ine-pro|*dyew-}}
源自 {{inh|pi|inc-pro|*daywás}},源自{{inh|pi|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{inh|pi|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。同源词包括{{cog|ae|𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀}}、{{cog|fa-cls|دیو|tr=dēv}}、{{cog|la|deus}}、{{m|la|divus}}。
===名词===
{{pi-noun|m}}
#{{pi-sc|Deva|deva}}
====变格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=m}}
==馬瓦里語==
===词源===
{{lbor|mwr|sa|देव}}。
===名词===
{{mwr-noun|tr=dev}}
# [[神]]
====相关词汇====
* {{l|mwr|देवरौ|tr=devrau}}
{{C|mwr|印度教}}
==梵语==
===其他书写系统===
{{sa-alt}}
===词源===
{{root|sa|ine-pro|*dyew-}}
源自 {{inh|sa|inc-pro|*daywás}},源自{{inh|sa|iir-pro|*daywás}},源自{{inh|sa|ine-pro|*deywós|t=神}}。同源词包括{{cog|ae|𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀}}、{{cog|fa-cls|دیو|tr=dēv}}、{{cog|la|deus}}、{{m|la|divus}}。
===发音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===形容词===
{{sa-adj|tr=devá}}({{w|吠陀梵语}} ''daivá'')
# [[天上]]的,[[神圣]]的
===名词===
{{sa-noun|tr=devá|g=m}}({{w|吠陀梵语}} ''daivá'')
# [[神]],[[天神]] {{gl|总计33个,分3界每界11个,或8个[[婆薮]],11个[[楼陀罗]],和12个[[阿底提耶]],此时另有称为双马童的两个神;用于《吠陀》,据Panini 3.3.120,重音也作déva}}
#: {{Q|sa|Yāska|Nirukta|7|15|refn=<ref>Sarup, Lakshman. The Nighantu and the Nirukta, the oldest Indian treatise on etymology, philology and sementics [sic]. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass (1967). [https://archive.org/details/nighantuniruktao00yaskuoft/page/120/mode/2up]</ref>, <ref>Corno, Stefano, „Denn die Götter lieben das Verborgene“ ''parókṣa''-Etymologien als Zeichen einer gespaltenen Realität. ''with further references, in'': Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, 32 (2022), 1-15, (ed.) Haßler, G., Rüter, A. Münster: Nodus Publikationen. {{ISSN|0939-2815}}。</ref>|quote=devo dānādvā dīpanādvā dyotanādvā dyusthāno bhavatīti vā yo '''devaḥ''' sā devatā|t=|transyear=1967|transauthor=Sarup, Lakshman}}
# {{lb|sa|罕用}} [[恶魔]] {{gl|《阿闼婆吠陀》,Taittiriya Shakha}}
# (作为天神,雨神的)[[因陀罗]]
# [[神像]](Vishnu-Smriti)
# 凡间的神,[[婆罗门]]、[[僧侣]]或[[王]],[[王子]]等的[[尊称]],常用呼格,即“陛下”,“殿下”(梨俱吠陀)
# 数字33(Gaṇitādhyāya)
# 作名字时,{{diminutive of|sa|देवदत्त}}(Panini 5.3.83)
====变格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|devá}}
====衍生词汇====
{{der2|sa|देवसभा| देवता}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pi|deva}} {{see desc}}
{{desc-top|派生自普拉克里特诸语言词{{l|pra|𑀤𑁂𑀯}}的词汇}}
* 达尔德语支:
** {{desc|scl|دیو|tr=deu|t=恶魔}}
* 南:
** {{desc|dv|ދެވި|t=恶魔}}
* 东:
** {{desc|as|দেউ|t=恶灵}}
** {{desc|or|ଦେଉ|t=王子}}
* 西北:
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਦੇਉ|t=神;恶魔}}
**: {{desc|pa|دیو|tr=deu|t=神;恶魔}}
*** {{desc|lah|دیو|tr=deo}}
** {{desc|sd|-}}
**: {{desc|sd|ڏيو|tr=ḍ̠eu|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|ॾेउ|tr=ḍ̠eu|sclang=1}}
* 北:
** {{desc|bhd|देऊ|t=雨}}
** {{desc|kfy|द्यो|t1=神;雨|दिओ|t2=雨}}
** {{desc|ne|देउ|t=神}}
{{desc-bottom}}
; 借词:
{{hcol|4}}
* → 原始努利斯坦语:
** {{desc|wbk||tr=dē|t=神;誓}}
* {{desc|as|দেৱ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|awa|देव|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|deva|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|देव|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-ogu|देव|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ದೇವ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ks|دیو|tr=dev|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|dewa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|देव|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଦେବ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|ਦੇਵ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|देव|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kls||tr=dewa|t=神}}
* {{desc|ta|தேவன்|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|దేవుడు|bor=1}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:MW|492}}
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
[[Image:Imperial standard of the Ottoman Sultan.svg|thumb|{{lang|ota|سنجاق}}]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-pro|*sančgak||长矛,长矛上的飘带}},與{{m|ota|صانجیمق|tr=sancımak|t=扎,刺,戳}}、{{m|ota|صنجی|tr=sancı|t=腸胃痛}}詞根相同。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=sancak}}
# [[旗幟]]
#: {{synonyms|ota|بیراق|tr1=bayrak|رایت|tr2=rayet|علم|tr3=ʿalem|لوا|tr4=liva}}
# [[桑賈克]],[[奧斯曼帝國]]的二級[[行政區劃]]單位
#: {{synonyms|ota|لوا|tr=liva}}
# {{lb|ota|nautical}} [[右舷]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|سنجاق اچمق|tr=sancak açmak|t=展开旗帜}}
|{{l|ota|سنجاق بكی|tr=sancak beği|t=桑賈克長官}}
|{{l|ota|سنجاق چكمك|tr=sancak çekmek|t=升起旗帜}}
|{{l|ota|سنجاق شریف|tr=sancak-ı şerif|t=穆罕默德的神圣旗帜}}
|{{l|ota|سنجاقدار|tr=sancakdar|t=旗手}}
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|sancak}}
* {{desc|sq|sanxhak|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ar|سَنْجَق|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|սանջակ|սանճախ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|санджа́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|санджа́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|sandžak|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|sanjak|sanjakate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|sandjak|sangiac|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Sandschak|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|szandzsák|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|sangiacco|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|санжақ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|санџак|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|سنجاق|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|sandżak|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|sanjaco|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|sangeac|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|санджа́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|са̀нџак|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|sàndžak|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|sandžak|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|sanjacado|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|санджа́к|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|سانجاق|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:OTK|sancak1|vol=1|page=4055}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=694}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1750|Vexillum}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=2683}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|sancak}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1082}}
{{c|ota|行政區劃}}
==波斯語==
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|san`jāq}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=sanjâq}}
# [[別針]]
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|سنجاق|tr=sanjâq}}。
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=sanjāq|hi=संजाक़}}
# [[別針]]
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{{also|سؤال|شوال}}
==阿拉伯語==
===名詞===
{{ar-head|nounf|سَوَّال}}
# {{plural of|ar|سال}}
==俾路支語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|bal|ar|سُؤَال}}。
===名詞===
{{head|bal|名詞|tr=sawál, suwál}}
# [[問題]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|bal|جست|tr=just}}
==馬贊德蘭語==
===詞源1===
====名詞====
{{mzn-noun|tr=suâl, sevâl}}
# [[額頭]]
===詞源2===
{{bor+|mzn|ar|سُؤَال}}。
====名詞====
{{mzn-noun|tr=sa'âl}}
# [[問題]]
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|fa|سؤال هاکردن|tr=sa'âl hâkerdan|t=詢問,提問}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|سؤال|tr=su'al}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|سُؤَال}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=sual}}
# [[問題]]
#* {{RQ:Ataturk Nutuk 1927|page=11|passage=شمدی ، افندیلر ؛ مساعده بیورورسهكز ، سزه بر سؤال صورهیم.|tr=Şimdi, efendiler; müsaade buyurursanız, size bir '''su'al''' sorayım.|t=現在,各位先生們,請允許我問你們一個'''問題'''。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|sual}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|sual}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|سؤال|page=1086}}
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse|page=1032}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|سُؤَال}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|su`āl}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|سؤال|سؤال|суол}}
{{fa-noun|head=سؤال|tr=so'âl|pl=سؤالات|pl2=سؤالها}}
# [[問題]]
#: {{syn|fa|پُرْسِش|tr=porseš}}
#: {{ant|fa|جَوَاب|tr=javâb|پاسُخ|tr2=pâsox}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|سؤال کردن|tr=so'âl kardan|t=提問,詢問}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸਵਾਲ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|سوال|tr=savāl|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ur|سوال|tr=savāl|bor=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|سوال|tr=sūāl}},{{bor+|ur|ar|سُؤَال}}。{{root|ur|ar|س ء ل}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|savāl|sawāl}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑːl|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=سَوال|pl=سَوالات|hi=सवाल}}
# [[問題]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-m|سوال|savāl}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
==烏修基語==
===動詞===
{{head|ush|動詞|g=|tr=svāl}}
# [[請求]],[[要求]]
# [[解決]]
===名詞===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=svāl}}
# [[請求]],[[要求]],[[懇求]]
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|la|porrus||cla}}
* {{alter|la|pōrum||acl|epi}}
* {{alter|la|purrum||pcl}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*porso-}},源自{{der|la|ine-pro||*pers-ó-s}}。同源詞包括{{cog|grc|πράσον}}、{{cog|sa|पर्ष}}、{{cog|sq|presh}}。對照{{cog|la|ferrum}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|porrum<2>}}
# [[韭蔥]]
# [[蝦夷蔥]]
====用法說明====
根據多位羅馬語法學家的說法,本詞單數形式是中性的,複數形式是陽性的。陽性複數形式和中性單數形式的出現頻率相若,而中性複數形式只出現過一次。
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|porrum<2>|nom_pl=porrī/porra|acc_pl=porrōs|voc_pl=porrī}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|la|porrāceus|porrīna|porriō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾干羅曼語:
** {{desc|ro|por|pur}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desctree|it|porro}}
** {{desc|scn|porru}}
* 北意大利語支:
** 高盧-意大利語支:
*** {{desc|egl|pòr}} {{desc|egl|porass|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{l|egl|porèn}}
*** {{desc|lij|pöro}} {{desc|lij|pörin|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{l|lij|porin}}
*** {{desc|lmo|pòr|pòrc}}
*** {{desc|pms|pòr|pòro}} {{desc|pms|poret|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{l|pms|porät}}、{{l|pms|porin}}
*** {{desc|rgn|pòr|pòrc}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|pôr}} {{desc|der=1|frp|porrel|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|fro|por}} {{desc|fro|poree|poiree|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desctree|fr|poireau|der=1}}
*** {{desc|nrf|pouothé}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desctree|ca|porro}}
** {{desc|oc-gas|pòr}}
** {{desc|oc|pòrre}} {{desc|oc|porret|der=1|nolang=1}}
**: {{desc|oc-auv|porrada|der=1}}
**: {{desc|oc-lim|porrat|der=1}}、{{l|oc|porrada}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|porro}}
** {{desc|ast|puerru}}
** {{desc|gl|porro}}
** {{desc|pt|porra|porro}}
** {{desc|es|porra|puerro}}
{{bottom}}
; 借詞:
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|porr}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eu|porru}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kw|por}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|pór|pórek}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|porre}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fo|purra}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nb|purre}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|por}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
** {{desc|sh|порилук|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|poriluk|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|pór}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|por}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sv|purjo}}、{{desctree|sv|purjolök|notext=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:itc:EDL}}, p. [https://archive.org/details/m-de-vaan-2008-etymological-dictionary-of-latin-and-the-other-italic-languages/page/481/mode/1up 481-2]
* {{R:la:TLL|porrum, porrus|X, 1|2777|39}}
* {{R:la:Walde|porrum, porrus|pages=601–602}}
{{c|la|香料和香草|蔬菜}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa|11}}
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
源自 {{com|sa|एक|दश|tr1=éka|tr2=dáśa}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|tr=ékādaśa}}
# {{cln|sa|基數詞}} [[十一]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sa|एकादशी}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|dml|yâš}}
** {{desc|gwt|ǰāš}}
** {{desc|mvy|اگالیش|tr=agā́leš}}
** {{desc|gwc|íkyah}}
** {{desc|ks|کَہہ}}
** {{desc|phl|اکاش|اکوش|tr1=akā́š|tr2=akōš}}
** {{desc|sdg|yakā́š}}
** {{desc|sts|zās}}
** {{desc|tra|ikọ̄́}}
** {{desc|trw|agāš}}
** {{desc|iir-nur-pro|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ask|čanīs|činís}}
*** {{desc|bsh|yanīċ}}
*** {{desc|prn|züz|ǰūzu}}
*** {{desc|wbk|yāš|žāž|zas}}
* {{desc|pi|ekadasa}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀤𑀲|𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|गेरा}}
***** {{desc|hif|gyaarah}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau|𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲}}
**** {{desc|dmk||tr=ekāi}}
***** {{desc|scl|اکاء|tr=ăkāĭ|bor=1}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|inc-ohi|-}}
****** {{desc|hi|ग्यारह|इगारह}}
******* {{desc|dv|އެގަރަ|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|ur|گْیَارَہ|اِگَارَہ|tr1=gyārah|tr2=igārah}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|as|এঘাৰ}}
**** {{desc|bn|এগারো|আঘারো}}
**** {{desc|bh}}
***** {{desc|bho|एगारह}}
***** {{desc|mai|एगारह}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏଗାର}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 中帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|kfy|इक्ला|tr=iklā}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|एघार}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|याह्रे|यारे}}
***** {{desc|cdj|याह्रा}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt1=yārā̃|alt2=giārā̃|alt3=nyārā}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਯਾਰਾਂ|ਗਿਆਰਾਂ|ਨ੍ਯਾਰਾ|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|یَارَاں|گِیاراں|نْیَارَہ|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt1=yārãhã|alt2=kārhã}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ڪَارهَن|يَارَنھَن|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|यारंहं|कारहं|sclang=1}}
****** {{desc|kfr|ઇગ્યારો}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|si|එකළොස්|එකළහ|එකොලස}}
*** {{desctree|pra-mah|𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀭𑀲}}
**** {{desc|mr|अकरा}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|inc-ogu|इग्यार}}
***** {{desc|gu|અગિયાર}}
***** {{desc|mwr|इगियारै}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekadasa|2485|page=120}}
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==梵語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|कत्|रिं|शत्}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|cat2=基數詞|tr=ékatriṃśat|g=f}}
# [[三十一]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f|ékatriṃśat}}
====派生語彙====
* 中部:
** {{desc|awa|एकतिस}}
** 印度斯坦語:
*** {{desc|hi|इकत्तीस|इकतीस}}
*** {{desc|ur|اِکَتِّیس|ایکتِیس}}
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکَترہ}}
* 東部:
** {{desc|bn|একত্রিশ}}
** {{desc|or|ଏକତ୍ରିସ}}
* 北部:
** {{desc|bhd|एकेत्त्री}}
* 北部:
** {{desc|pa||alt1=ikattarī|alt2=ikattī|alt3=akattī}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਇਕੱਤਰੀ|ਇਕੱਤੀ|ਅਕੱਤੀ|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|اِکَتَّرِی|اِکَتِّی|اَکَتِّی}}
** {{desc|sd||alt=ekaṭrīha}}
**: {{desc|sd|ايڪَٽرِيهَ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|एकट्रीह|sclang=1}}
* 南部:
** {{desc|dv|އެއްތެރީސް}}
** {{desc|si|එක්තිස}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekatrimsat|2469|page=119}}
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==梵語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|क|पञ्|चा|शत्}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[五十一]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکہٕ وَنٛزاہ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀏𑀕𑀸𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|एक्क्यावन}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|एकावन|इकावन}}
***** {{desc|ur|ایکَاوَن|اِکَاوَن}}
***** {{desc|dv|އެކާވަންނަ|bor=1}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|একপঞ্চাস}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏକାବନ}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|एकावन}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|इकुन्ज़ा}}
** 東北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|lah|اکونج|tr=ikvañja}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt=ikvañjā}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਇਕਵੰਜਾ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|اِکوَنجَہ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=ekavañjāha}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ايڪَوَڃجَاهَ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|एकवंजाह|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|si|එක්පනස}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|एकावन}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|એકાવન}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekapancasat|2472|page=119}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa}}
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|क|चत्|वा|रिं|शत्}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[四十一]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکَتٔجِہ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀇𑀕𑀬𑀸𑀮|𑀇𑀆𑀮𑀻𑀲}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|pra-ard}}
***** {{desc|awa|एकतालिस}}
**** {{desc|pra-sau}}
***** 印度斯坦語:
****** {{desc|hi|एकतालीस}}
****** {{desc|ur|ایتَالِیس}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|একচল্লিশ}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏକଚାଳିଶ}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|एकचालिस}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|इक्तल्य्हौँ}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt=aktālī}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਅਕ੍ਤਾਲੀ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|اکتَالِی|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=eketālīha}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ايڪيتَالِيهَ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|एकेतालीह|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|އެކާޅީސް}}
**** {{desc|si|එක්සාළිස}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|एकताळ|एकताळीस}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekacatvarimsat|2464|page=119}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa}}
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|क|षष्|टि}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[六十一]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکہٕ ہٲٹھ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀏𑀕𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|एकसठ}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|इकसठ}}
***** {{desc|ur|اِکسَٹھ}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏକସଠି}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|एक्सठ}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|इकाहठ}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|lah|اکاءٹھ|tr=ikāiṭh}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt1=ikāiṭh|alt2=akāhaṭ}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਇਕਾਇਠ|ਅਕਾਟ|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|اِکَاءِٹھ|اَکَاہَٹ|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=ekahaṭhi}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ايڪَهَٺِ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|एकहठि|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|އެކާހައްޓި}}
**** {{desc|si|එක්සැට}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|એકસઠ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekasasti|2478|page=119}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa}}
===詞源===
{{l|sa|त्रयः}} + {{l|sa|षष्टि}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|त्र|यः|षष्|टि}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞}}
# [[六十三]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|ترَہَیٹھ}}
* {{desc|pi|tēsaṭṭhi}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀀}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|awa|तिरसठि}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|तिरसठि}}
***** {{desc|ur|تِرسَٹھ}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|তেষট্টি}}
**** {{desc|or|ତେଷଠି}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|तिरसठ}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|त्रेँहठ}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt=tarehaṭ}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਤਰੇਹਟ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|تَریہَٹ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****** {{desc|lah|تریٹھ|tr=treṭh}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=ṭrehaṭhi}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ٽريهَٺِ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ट्रेहठि|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|ތޭހައްޓި}}
**** {{desc|si|තෙසැටෙ}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|त्रेसट}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|inc-agu}}
**** {{desc|gu|તેસઠ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|trayasasti|5996|page=342}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa}}
===詞源===
源自{{l|sa|एक}} + {{l|sa|अशीति}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|का|शी|ति}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[八十一]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکہٕ شيٖتھ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀻𑀈}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|एक्क्यासी}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|इकासी|एकासी}}
***** {{desc|ur|اِکَاسِی|ایکَاسِی}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|একাশি}}
**** {{desc|bh}}
***** {{desc|mai|एकासि}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏକାସି}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** {{desc|ne|एकासि}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|lah|اکاسی|tr=ikāsī}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt1=ikāsī|alt2=akāsī}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਇਕਾਸੀ|ਅਕਾਸੀ|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|اِکَاسِی|اَکَاسِی|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=ekāsī}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ايڪَاسِي|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|एकासी|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|एक्याशी}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|એક્યાશી}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekasiti|2491|page=120}}
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa|66}}
===詞源===
源自{{l|sa|षट्}} + {{l|sa|षष्टि}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|षट्|षष्|टि}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[六十六]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|شِہَیٹھ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀙𑀲𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀁|𑀙𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀁}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|छाँछठि}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|छियासठ}}
***** {{desc|ur|چھِیَاسَٹھ}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|ছেষট্টি}}
**** {{desc|or|ଛାସଠି}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|चियासठ}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|छिआहठ}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|lah|چھیءاٹھ|tr=cheāiṭh}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=chāhaṭhi}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ڇَاهَٺِ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|छाहठि|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|ސަހައްޓި}}
**** {{desc|si|සසැට}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|kok|साष्टी|der=1}}
**** {{desc|mr|सासट}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|છાસેટ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|satsasti|12790|page=742}}
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एकसप्तति
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==梵語==
{{number box|sa}}
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
* {{hyph|sa|ए|क|सप्|त|ति}}
===數詞===
{{head|sa|數詞|g=f}}
# [[七十一]]
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|اَکہٕ سَتَتھ}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺𑀁|𑀏𑀓𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-ard}}
**** {{desc|awa|एकहत्तर}}
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:
***** {{desc|hi|इकहत्तर}}
***** {{desc|ur|اِکہَتَّر}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bn|একাত্তর}}
**** {{desc|or|ଏକସ୍ତରି|ଏକସ୍ତୁରି}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|एकहत्तर}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|इकत्तर}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|lah|اکتر|tr=ikattar}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt1=ik-hattar|alt2=ak-hattar}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਇਕਹੱਤਰ|ਅਕਹੱਤਰ|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|اِکہَتَّر|اَکہَتَّر|tr1=-|tr2=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|inc-avr}}
***** {{desc|sd||alt=ekahatari}}
*****: {{desc|sd|ايڪَهَتَرِ|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|sd|एकहतरि|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|އެކާހަތްތެރި}}
**** {{desc|si|එක්සැත්තැව}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|एकहुत्तर}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|ઇકોતેર}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|ekasaptati|2479|page=119}}
3rw5q9pjwan22184psbjzs6mi8xrpv2
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印度-伊朗语==
===词源===
{{root|iir-pro|ine-pro|*h₁wes-}}
源自{{inh|iir-pro|ine-pro|*h₁su-}}。
===前缀===
{{head|iir-pro|前綴}}
# [[好]],[[佳]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|inc-pro|*Hsu-}}
** {{desc|sa|सु-}}
*** {{desc|gu|સ-}}
* {{desc|ira-pro|*Hhu-}}
** 中伊朗语支:
*** {{desc|ae|𐬵𐬎|alt=𐬵𐬎-}}
** 东北伊朗语支:
*** {{desc|kho|𑀳𑀼-|ts=hu-}}
*** 粟特-巴克特里亚语语支:
**** {{desc|xbc|υο-|ts=ho-}}
**** {{desc|sog|-|ts=(ə)xwa- ~ (ə)xu-}}
****: {{desc|sog||tr=ʾγw|sc=Sogd|sclang=1}}、{{l|sog|tr=γw|sc=Sogd}}
****: {{desc|sog|𐫟𐫇-|sclang=1|sc=Mani}}
****: {{desc|sog|ܐݎܘ-|sclang=1|tr=ʾxw-}}、{{l|sog|ݎܘ-|sc=Syrc|tr=xw-}}
** 西北伊朗语支:
*** {{desc|xpr|-|ts=hu-}}
***: {{desc|xpr|𐫍𐫇-|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|xpr|𐭇𐭅-|sc=Prti|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|xcl|հ-|bor=1}} {{qual|或是继承并受到了伊朗语支的影响}}
** 西南伊朗语支:
*** {{desc|peo|𐎢-|ts=<sup><h></sup>u-}}
**** {{desc|pal|-|ts=hu-}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐫍𐫇-|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pal||tr=hw-|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐭧𐭥-|sclang=1|tr=ḥw-}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐮄𐮅-|sc=Phlp|sclang=1|tr=hw-}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐬵𐬎-|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|fa-cls|هو-|tr=hū-|ه|alt2=هـ|tr2=hu-|خ|alt3=خـ|tr3=xu-}}
*****: {{desc|fa-ira|هو-|tr=hū-}} {{qual|以前缀“eu-”的形式恢复使用}}
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punctum
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==英语==
[[File:Ut queant laxis Gregorian notation Benedictine tradition.gif|thumb|The first three notes in this chant are represented by puncta.]]
===词源===
源自{{bor|en|la|pūnctum}}。{{doublet|en|point|punto}}。
===名词===
{{en-noun|s|puncta}}
# {{lb|en|解剖学}} [[泪点]]
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1861|title=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany, and Geology
|passage=Thus, from what has been stated, we see that neither the white '''puncta''' nor the minute white branchwork of lines were ever tubular.}}
# {{lb|en|music}} [[纽姆]]
====衍生词汇====
{{der-top}}
* {{l|en|punctum caecum}}
* {{l|en|punctum proximum}}
* {{l|en|punctum remotum}}
* {{l|en|punctum vasculosum}}
* {{l|en|punctum vegetationis}}
{{der-bottom}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|en|punctal}}
==法语==
===名词===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[视野]]
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
{{m|la|pūnctus}}的中性形式,{{m|la|pungō||to prick, puncture}}的被动完成分词。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|pūnctum}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|pūnctum<2>}}
# {{lb|la||also|_|grammar|maths}} [[点]]
# [[小孔]]
# [[瞬间]]
# 一小[[部分]]
# [[投票]]
# {{lb|la|poetry}} [[认可]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|pūnctum<2>}}
====近义词====
* {{l|la|pūnctus}}
====后代词汇====
{{top2}}
* 阿斯图里亚斯语:{{l|pt|puntu}}
* {{desc|ca|punt}}
* {{desc|da|punkt}}
* {{desc|da|punktum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|punt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|punctum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|pont}}
* {{desc|gl|punto}}
* {{desc|de|Punkt}}、{{desc|de|Punktum|bor=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|eo|punkto|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|punkt|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hu|pont|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ro|pont|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ga|ponc}}
* {{desc|it|punto}}
** {{desc|en|punto|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gml|punct|bor=1}}
** {{desc|da|punkt|bor=1}}
** {{desc|non|punktr|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|nb|punkt}}
*** {{desc|sv|punktr}}
* {{desc|nb|punktum}}
* {{desc|oc|ponch}}
* {{desc|fro|point}}
** {{desc|enm|point|bor=1}}
*** {{desctree|en|point}}
** {{desc|frm|poinct}}
*** {{desc|fr|point}}
**** {{desc|da|point|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|nl|punt|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|nb|poeng|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|pl|pointa|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|sv|poäng|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|tr|puan|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nrf|point}}
* {{desc|pt|ponto}}
* {{desc|pl|punkt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|punct|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|пункт}}
* {{desc|scn|puntu}}
* {{desc|es|punto}}
** {{desc|tl|punto|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|punkt}}
* {{desc|vec|ponto}}
* {{desc|cy|pwnc|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cy|pwyth|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|時間}}
toj5vktllq79kzie9c917easyuo0xwl
παπαδιά
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==希臘語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|el|παπάς|-ιά}}。
===發音===
{{IPA|el|/papaˈðʝa/}}
===名詞===
{{el-noun|f|παπαδιές}}
# {{lb|el|religion}} [[祭司]]的[[妻子]]
# {{lb|el|比喻|humorous}} 非常[[害羞]][[拘謹]]的[[女人]]
====變格====
{{el-nF-α-ες-1|παπαδι}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|попади́я|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|попадија|bor=1}}
* {{desc|orv|пападïꙗ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|be|пападздзя́|пападзьдзя́|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|ru|попадья́|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uk|попадя́|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|پاپادیا|tr=papatya|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|păpădie|bor=1|gloss=蒲公英}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|попа̀дија|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|popàdija|sclang=1}}
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{{also|fabuló}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|fàbulo}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|fabulare||1|s|pres|ind}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=abflou|bufalo}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|fābulō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|fābulō}}
# {{alternative form of|la|fābulor}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|fābulō}}
====派生語彙====
{{qualifier|另見 {{m|la|fābellor}}。}}
{{hcol|2}}
* 達爾馬提亞語支:
** {{desc|dlm|favlur|unc=1|nolang=1}}
* 北意大利語支:
** ⇒ 古{{desc|egl|fablança|qq=波隆那/博洛尼亞}}
* 加洛-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|pro|faular|qq1=hapax}} {{desc|pro|faulejar|der=1|nolang=1}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支
** {{desc|an|fablar}}
** {{desc|ast|falar}}
** {{desc|ext|falal}}
** {{desc|roa-leo|falare}}
** {{desc|mwl|falar}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|falar}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|osp|fablar}} {{see desc}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:FEW|3|346|fabulari}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:du Cange|fabulare}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|fabular}}
imgmlw72w434gwc6gwwt28rjmr597c0
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{{also|Gryllus}}
==拉丁語==
[[Image:HPIM3869.JPG|thumb|gryllus(蟋蟀)]]
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|grillus}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|la|grc|γρύλλος||跳埃及舞的人,漫畫樣的人物}},或可能是擬聲詞。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|gryllus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|gryllus<2>}}
# [[蟋蟀]];[[蚱蜢]]
# {{lb|la|arts}} [[漫畫]][[人物]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|gryllus<2>}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|gryllō}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|3}}
* {{desc|ast|grillu}} {{desc|ast|grilleru|der=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|ca|grell|grill}} {{desc|ca|grilló|der=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|dlm|gril}}
* {{desc|eo|grilo}}
* {{desc|fr|grelet|der=1}} {{qualifier|西部方言}}
* {{desc|gl|grilo}}
* {{desc|sdn|griddu}}
* {{desc|io|grilio|unc=1}}
* {{desc|it|grillo}} {{desc|it|grilletto|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{l|it|grillino}}
** {{desc|mt|grillu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lld|gri}}
* {{desc|lmo|grin}}
* {{desc|nap|grillo|arillo|griḍḍi}} {{qualifier|塔蘭托}}
* {{desc|oc|greu|griu|grith|gril}}
* {{desc|pt|grilo|grelo}}
* {{desc|sc|grillu|brillu}}
* {{desc|sdc|grìgliuru|der=1}}
* {{desc|scn|agriḍḍu|arillu|ariddru|irridru|griddu}}
* {{desc|es|grillo}}
** {{desc|pt|grilho|bor=1}}
* {{desc|VL.|*gryllius}}
** {{desc|der=1|frp|grillot|grillet}}
** {{desc|fr|grillet|der=1}} {{qualifier|東部方言,諾曼底}}、{{l|fr|grillon}}
** {{desc|fur|gri}} {{desc|fur|grïòn|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|it|grigliu}} {{qualifier|拉齊奧}}
** {{desc|oc|grelh|grilh}} {{desc|oc|grilhet|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|der=1|ro|greier|grier|greiere|griore}}
** {{desc|rm|gregl|grigl}} {{desc|rm|griglign|der=1|nolang=1}}、{{l|rm|grigliun}}
** {{desc|vec|griło|grijo|grigio|grei}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
* {{R:REW|gryllus|290}}
* {{R:FEW|4|268|grillus}}
* Cano González, Ana Maria & Germain, Jean & Kremer, Dieter (eds.). 2004. Dictionnaire historique de l'anthroponymie romane: Patronymica Romanica (PatRom). Vol. III.2. Berlin: De Gruyter. Pages 925–947.
{{c|la|昆蟲}}
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مركزي
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{{also|مرکزی|مرڪزي}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{ar-etym-nisba|مَرْكَز|中間}}
===發音===
* {{audio|ar|Ar-مركزي.ogg|音頻}}
===形容詞===
{{ar-nisba|مَرْكَزِيّ}}
# [[中間]]的,[[中央]]的
====變格====
{{ar-decl-adj|مَرْكَزِيّ|pl=sp}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|mərkəzi|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|मरकज़ी|tr=markazī}}
** {{desc|ur|مَرْکَزِی}}
* {{desc|fa|مرکزی|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|مَرْکَزِی}}
* {{desc|sd|مرڪزي|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|merkezî|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|merkezi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|مەركىزىي|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|markaziy|bor=1}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:ar:Haywood}}
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مرغابی
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==古賈里語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|gju|fa-cls|مرغابی|tr=murğābī}}。{{surf|gju|مُرْغ|tr1=murġ|آبِی|tr2=ābī}}。
===名詞===
{{gju-noun|head=ْمُرْغَابِی|tr=murġābī|g=f}}
# [[水鳥]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:gju:Anjum:2018|402}}
* {{R:gju:Rahi:2015|830|column=1|head=ْمُرْغَابِی}}
{{c|gju|鳥}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自 {{compound|fa|مرغ|tr1=morğ|آبی|tr2=âbi|t1=家禽,鳥|t2=水的,海的}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|murğābī}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=morğâbi}}
# [[鴨]]
# [[野鴨]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|gju|مُرْغَابِیْ|tr=murġābī|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|મુરઘાબી|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|मुर्ग़ाबी}}
*: {{desc|ur|مُرْغَابِی}}
* {{desc|ks|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|مُرغابی|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|मुरगाबी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|ks|𑆩𑆶𑆫𑆓𑆳𑆧𑆵|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|मुरगाबी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅬𑅒𑅭𑅗𑅪𑅑|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pa|alt=murġābī|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਮੁਰਗ਼ਾਬੀ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مُرْغَابِی|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|skr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|मुरग़ाबी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|𑊠𑊢𑊆𑊝|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|مُرْغَابِی|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|alt=muraġābī|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|مُرْغ آبي|مُرْغابي|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|मुरग़ाबी|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑈤𑈯𑈦𑈊𑈶𑈬𑈡𑈮|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑋗𑋣𑋙𑊼𑋩𑋠𑋔𑋢|tr=-|sclang=1}}
{{bottom}}
{{c|fa|鳥}}
==旁遮普語==
{{wikipedia|lang=pnb}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|pa|fa-cls|مرغابی|tr=murğābī}}。{{surf|pa|مُرْغ|tr1=murġ|آبِیْ|tr2=ābī}}。
===名詞===
{{pa-noun|f|head=مُرْغَابِی|gur=ਮੁਰਗ਼ਾਬੀ}}
# [[水鳥]];[[野鴨]]
====變格====
{{pnb-noun-f-ī|مُرْغَاب}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pa:Punjabi University|ਮੁਰਗਾਬੀ}}
* {{R:pnb:Salah|مُرغابی|page=2517}}
{{c|pa|鳥}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|مرغابی|tr=murğābī}}。{{surf|ur|مُرْغ|tr1=murġ|آبِی|tr2=ābī}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|murġābī}}
* {{rhymes|ur|iː|s=3}}
* {{hyph|ur|مُرْ|غَا|بِی}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=مُرْغَابِی|hi=मुर्ग़ाबी}}
# [[水鳥]];[[野鴨]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-ī-f|مُرْغَابِ|murġāb}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi|page=581}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
{{c|ur|鳥}}
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal||tr= hndʾck' |ts=handāzag|t=測量;方式}},源自動詞 {{m|pal||tr=hndʾhtn'|ts=handāxtan|gloss=计划、分配、估计、判断}}。與 {{m|fa|انداختن|tr=andâxtan|t=投擲}} 有關。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|a|n|d|ā|z|a}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|اَندازَه|اَندازِه|андоза}}
{{fa-noun|tr=andâze}}
# [[尺寸]]
#: {{uxi|fa|اندازهٔ پنجره|tr='''andâze'''-ye panjere|t=窗戶的'''尺寸'''}}
# [[規模]];[[範圍]];[[數量]]
#: {{ux|fa|میتوانی من را به اندازهٔ او دوست داشته باشی؟|tr=mi-tavâni man râ be '''andâze'''-ye u dust dâšte bâši?|t=你能像他那樣愛我嗎?}}
# [[測量]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col2|fa
|بیاندازه<tr:bi-andâze>
|اندازه گیری<tr:andâze-giri>
|اندازه گرفتن<tr:andâze gereftan>
|اندازه گیر<tr:andâze-gir>
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|az|əndazə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|dv|އަންދާސާ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|doi||alt=andāzā|tr=-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|अंदाज़ा|sclang=1|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|doi|𑠀𑠷𑠛𑠬𑠑𑠺𑠬|sclang=1|tr=-}}
* {{desc|ka|ანდაზა|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gju|اندازو|tr=andāzo|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|અંદાજે|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|अंदाज़ा}}
*: {{desc|ur|اَنْدَازَہ}}
* {{desc|kn|ಅಂದಾಜು|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mup|अंदाजो|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|अंदाज़े|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|अंदाजौ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅐𑅧𑅥𑅛𑅒|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|اندازَہ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd||alt=andāzo|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|اَندازو|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|अंदाज़ो|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑊰𑋟𑋏𑋠𑋂𑋩𑋧|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|te|అందాజు|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|andoza|bor=2}}
{{bottom}}
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==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|اشترمرغ|tr=oštormorğ}}
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|fa|شتر|tr1=šotor|مرغ|tr2=morğ|t1=駱駝|t2=鳥}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|šutur`murğ}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=šotormorğ|pl=شترمرغها}}
# [[鴕鳥]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|syc|ܐܫܬܘܪܡܘܪܓ|ts=štwrmwrg|ܐܫܛܘܪܡܘܪܓ|ts2=ʾšṭwrmwrg}}
* {{desc|ps|شترمرغ|tr=šotormórǧ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:śuturmurġ
*: {{desc|hi|शुतुरमुर्ग़|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|ur|شترمرغ|tr=-}}
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|իշտրմուղ|իշտռմուղ}}
* {{desc|hi|उष्ट्रपक्षी|cal=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ੁਤਰ ਮੁਰਗ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|شترمرغ|tr=śuturmurġ|sclang=1}}
{{c|fa|鳥}}
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==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源1===
參見{{l|fa|شاد|tr=šâd}}。
====名詞====
{{fa-regional|شادی|شادی|шодӣ}}
{{fa-noun|tr=šâdi|pl=شادیها|pltr=šâdi-hâ}}
# [[愉悅]],[[快樂]]
# [[幸福]]
# [[欣喜]]
# {{lb|fa|方言}} [[婚禮]];[[喜慶]]
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|fa|شاد|tr=šâd}}
====專有名詞====
{{fa-proper noun|tr=šâdi}}
# {{given name|fa|女性|xlit=[[Shadi]]|xlit2=[[Shadee]]|xlit3=[[Shahdee]]|from=中古波斯語}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bn|শাদি}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|शादी}}
** {{desc|ur|شادی}}
* {{desc|rhg|cádi}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
** {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ਾਦੀ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pa|شادی|sclang=1}}
===詞源2===
[[Image:Monkey batu.jpg|150px|thumb|یک شادی.]]
源自詞源1。
====名詞====
{{fa-regional|شادی|میمون|маймун}}
{{fa-noun|tr=šâdi|pl=شادیها|pltr=šâdi-hâ}}
# {{lb|fa|Dari|and|_|其他地方的|_|方言}} [[猿]],[[猴]]
{{-}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|شادی|tr=šâdi}}。等價於 {{suffix|ur|شاد|ی|tr1=śād|tr2=ī|pos=名詞}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|śādī}}
* {{rhymes|ur|iː|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=śādī|hi=शादी}}
# [[婚禮]],[[結婚]]
#: {{syn|ur|نکاح|بیاہ|tr1=nikāh|tr2=byāh|q2=罕用}}
====變格====
{{ur-noun-ī-f|شاد|śād}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ur|شادی شدہ|tr=śādī-śudā|t=已婚的}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
{{C|ur|婚姻}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ش ر ط}}。
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u,i.pass.vn:شَرْط}}
# [[提出]][[條件]],[[規定]]
# [[皮膚]]上[[劃]]出[[切口]]或[[劃痕]]
# 用一串[[棕櫚]][[韌皮]][[固定]]
# {{lb|ar|現代}} [[撕碎]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u,i.pass.vn:شَرْط}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|II.pass}}
# [[劃]]
# {{lb|ar|現代}} 製作小[[鏈條]]或[[串珠]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II.pass}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|axm|շառտել|շառռտել}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|شَرْط|m|pl=شُرُوط}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|شَرَطَ|form=I}}
# [[條件]],[[條款]],[[規定]]
# [[切開]],[[劃]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|شَرْط|pl=شُرُوط}}
====形容詞====
{{ar-adj|شَرْط|pl=أَشْرَاط|el=أَشْرَط}}
# [[低下]]的
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-adj|شَرْط|pl=أَشْرَاط}}
====名詞====
{{ar-head|nounf|شُرُط|p}}
# {{plural of|ar|شَرِيط}}
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{ar-head|nounf|شُرَط|p}}
# {{plural of|ar|شُرْطَة}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|شَرْط}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=şart|定賓格|شرطی|複數|شرطلر|或|شرائط|f1tr=şartı|f2tr=şartlar|f3tr=şerait}}
# [[條件]]
# [[情況]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|şart}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|شرط|page=723}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|شَرْط}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|š|a|r|t|teh=0}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=šart|pl=شرایط|pltr=šarâyet|pl2=شرطها}}
# [[條件]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|شرطی|tr=šarti}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ba|шарт|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|शर्त}}
*: {{desc|ur|شرط|tr=śart}}
* {{desc|kk|шарт|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ਰਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|شرط|tr=śart|sclang=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa|شرط|tr=šart}},源自{{bor|ur|ar|شَرْط|tr=}}。{{root|ur|ar|ش ر ط}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|śart}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=شَرْط|pl=شَرَائِط}}
# [[條件]];[[條款]]
# [[打賭]]
# [[供給]];[[薪水]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
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{{also|ش ك ر|شکر|شڪر|سکر|سكر|سكز}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ش ك ر}}。對照{{cog|he|שכר}}。
====發音====
* {{audio|ar|Ar-شكر.ogg|音頻}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.pass.vn:شُكْر,شُكْرَان}}
# [[感謝]],[[感激]]
#: {{uxi|ar|شَكَرَ لَهُ عَمَلَهُ|他感謝他所作出的工作。}}
# [[稱讚]],[[讚揚]]
# [[致意]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.pass.vn:شُكْر,شُكْرَان}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|شُكْر}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|شُكْر|m}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|شَكَرَ|form=I}}
# [[感謝]],[[感激]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|شُكْر}}
=====反義詞=====
* {{l|ar|جُحُود}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|ar|شُكْراً|t=謝謝|pos=感嘆詞}}
* {{l|ar|شُكْرِيّ|t=感謝的}}
* {{l|ar|شُكْرِيّ|pos=男性名字}}
* {{l|ar|شُكْرِيَّة|pos=女性名字}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|şükr|şükür|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|шөкөр|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|শোকর|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|شکر|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|شۈكۈر}}
** {{desc|uz|shukr|shukur|Shukur}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|शुक्र|tr=śukr}}
** {{desc|ur|شُکْر}}
* {{desc|kk|шүкір|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|syukur|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|syukur}}
** {{desc|tft|suku|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|شكر|alt=شُكْر|tr=şükr|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|şükür}}
** {{desc|lad|shukur|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|шућур}}
*** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|šućur}}
* {{desc|ps|شکر|tr=šukr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|شکر|tr=šokr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਸ਼ੁਕਰ|tr=śukr}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|شُکْر}}
* {{desc|sd|شڪر|alt=شُڪُرُ|tr=śukuru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sw|shukuru|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|шөкер|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|şükür|bor=1}}
{{qualifier|印度-雅利安語族中表示“謝謝”的感嘆詞,均派生自{{m|ar|شُكْر}} + {{m|ar|ـِيَّة}}(並非借自阿拉伯語{{m|ar|شُكْرِيَّة}})}}:
* {{desc|bn|শুকরিয়া|der=1}}
* {{desc|dv|ޝުކުރިއްޔާ|der=1}}
* ⇒ 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|शुक्रिया}}
** {{desc|ur|شُکْرِیَہ}}
* {{desc|pa|-|der=1}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਸ਼ੁਕਰੀਆ}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|شُکْرِیَہ}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ota|fa|شکر|tr=šakar}},源自{{der|ota|pal|𐭱𐭪𐭥|tr=šakar|sc=Phli}},源自{{der|ota|sa|शर्करा|tr=śárkarā|t=砂糖|pos=本義為“礫石”}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=şeker}}
# [[糖]]
#: {{uxi|ota|به شکر به شاب|t=[[不倫不類]]|lit=更好的糖或明矾}}
# [[糖果]]
# [[接吻]]
# [[甜言蜜語]]
# [[打盹]]
=====派生詞彙=====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|شكرجی|tr=şekerci|t=糖果商}}
|{{l|ota|شكرستان|tr=şekeristan|t=甘蔗种植园}}
|{{l|ota|شكرلك|tr=şekerlik|t=糖的质量}}
|{{l|ota|شكرلمك|tr=şekerlemek|t=加糖,使變甜}}
|{{l|ota|شكرلنمك|tr=şekerlenmek|t=加糖的,變甜的}}
|{{l|ota|شكرلو|tr=şekerli|t=含糖的}}
}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|şeker}}\t
* {{desc|bor=1|ady|шэкэр}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|sheqer}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|շեքեր}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|шеке́р}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ckb|شەکر}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|şeker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gag|şeker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lad|sheker}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lzz|შექერი|alts=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|шеќер}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kmr|şekir}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|шећер|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|šećer|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zza|şeker}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ota|ar|شُكْر}}。{{root|ota|ar|ش ك ر}}
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=şükr, vulg. şükür}}
# [[感謝]],[[感激]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|şükür}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lad|shukur}}
* {{desc|sh|bor=1|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|шућур|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|šućur|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=731}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1498|Saccharum}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|columns=2839–2840}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|شاب|page=1106}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|شكر|page=1131}}
{{C|ota|糖}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ش ك ر}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|شَكَرَ}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|šakar<p:ˈʃa.kar>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-شَكَر.wav|音頻 (盧德)}}
===動詞===
{{ajp-verb|I|tr=šakar|pres=بشكر|prestr=boškor}}
# [[感謝]]
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[شكر|أشكر]][[ك]]|tr=ʔaškorak|t=謝謝你|q=正式,對男性說}}
#: {{uxi|ajp|[[شكر|أشكر]][[ك]]|tr=ʔaškorek|t=謝謝你|q=正式,對女性說}}
====變位====
{{ajp-conj/Au|ش|ك|ر|š|k|r}}
====參見====
* {{l|ajp|شكرا|tr=šukran|t=謝謝}}
oq8mtpdld2xh0b076t03a6hzeop00o5
شيطان
0
2154350
9935454
9605336
2026-09-30T16:21:43Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935454
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|شیطان}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
一般解釋為來自詞根{{ar-root|ش ي ط}} ,意為“燒,灼”+ 形容詞後綴{{m|ar|ـَان}}。由於歷史上希伯來語詞彙出現更早,所以也可能是阿拉伯語對{{der|ar|he|שָׂטָן|tr=śāṭān}}的重新解釋,源自一與反對、指控有關的詞根。
同源詞包括{{cog|syc|ܣܛܢܐ|tr=sāṭānā}}、{{cog|he|שָׂטָן|tr=śāṭān}}、{{cog|gez|ሠይጣን}}、{{m|gez|ሰይጣን}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|شَيْطَان}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|شَيْطَان|m|pl=شَيَاطِين}}
# {{lb|ar|定形}} [[撒但]],[[曬衣陀乃]]
#: {{syn|ar|إِبْلِيس}}
#* {{RQ:Qur'an|2|208}}
#*: {{quote|ar| يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ |信道的人們啊!你們當全體入在和平教中,不要跟隨'''惡魔'''的步伐,他確是你們的明敵。}}
# {{lb|ar|religion}} [[惡魔]],惡[[精靈]]
# [[魔鬼]]般的人
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|شَيْطَان|pl=شَيَاطِين}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ar|جِنّ||精靈,鎮尼}}
* {{l|ar|جَانّ}}
* {{l|ar|نَسْنَاس}}
* {{l|ar|غُول||食屍鬼}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|mt|xitan}}
* {{desc|as|চৈতান|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|şeytan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|шайтан|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|шайта́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|শয়তান|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bwr|shatan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|shaitan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fi|shaitan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|chétane|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ha|shaiɗan|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|शैतान|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|ur|شیطان|bor=1|tr=śaitān}}
* {{desc|bor=1|id|setan|syaitan}}
* {{desc|ja|シャイターン|tr=shaitān|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kn|ಸೈತಾನ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|сайтан|шайтан}}
* {{desc|kmr|şeytan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|syaitan|setan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mrw|saitan|Saitan}}
* {{desc|mr|सैतान|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|om|sheetanna|seetanna}}
* {{desc|ps|شيطان|tr=šaytãn|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|شیطان|tr=šaytân|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tg|шайтон}}
* {{desc|pt|shaitan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ੈਤਾਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|شیطان|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ota|شیطان|tr=şeytan|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|şeytan}}
** {{desc|sq|shejtan|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|șeitan|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bg|шейта́н|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mk|шејтан|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ше́јта̄н|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|šéjtān|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|crh|şeytan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rhg|cóitan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|шайта́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|so|shayddaan|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|sw|shetani|bor=1}}
* {{desc|syl|ꠡꠄꠔꠣꠘ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|шайтан|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tsg|saytan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|th|ชัยฏอน|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|şeýtan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|шайта́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|شەيتان|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|shayton|bor=1}}
* {{desc|wo|seytaane|bor=1}}
* {{desc|yka|seyitan|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:ar:Haywood}}
* {{R:gez:Leslau-Comp.|pages=522–523}}
* {{R:Nöldeke:Neue Beitr.|page=47}}
* {{R:gez:Praetorius:1907|pages=619–620}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|شيطن}}
{{c|ar|神話生物}}
2xrmgd2wya3ekq14qvps7y73a5sz5f9
Module:Zh-generatealternants
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Public class
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Public class移动页面[[Module:Zh-generateforms]]至[[Module:Zh-generatealternants]]:sync with en code
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text/plain
local export = {}
local data = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/ts")
function export.generateForms(text, lang, sc)
if sc == "Hant" or sc:getCode() == "Hant" then -- FOR f** COMPATIBILITY
return {text, (text:gsub("[\194-\244][\128-\191]*", data))}
end
return {text}
end
return export
9fz74yn3n0zoexuwm4av80u4geff1mo
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Public class
107487
sync with en code
9934824
Scribunto
text/plain
local export = {}
local data = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/ts")
function export.generateAlternants(text, lang, sc)
if sc == "Hant" or sc:getCode() == "Hant" then -- FOR f** COMPATIBILITY
return {text, (text:gsub("[\194-\244][\128-\191]*", data))}
end
return {text}
end
return export
njf8lbtquh7whdtbwsqxfv32ukj5b0c
Module:Languages/data/3/t/extra
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local m = {}
m["taa"] = {
aliases = {"Lower Tanana", "Tanana"}, -- Middle Tanana is a distinct language
}
m["tab"] = {
aliases = {"Tabasaran", "Tabassaran"},
}
m["tac"] = {
aliases = {"Lowland Tarahumara"},
}
m["tad"] = {
aliases = {"Tause"},
varieties = {"Deirate", "Nuclear Tause", "Weirate"},
}
m["tae"] = {
aliases = {"Tariana"},
}
m["taf"] = {
aliases = {"Tapirapé"},
}
m["tag"] = {
aliases = {"Tagoi"},
}
m["taj"] = {
aliases = {"Eastern Tamang"},
}
m["tak"] = {
aliases = {"Tala"},
}
m["tal"] = {
aliases = {"Tal"},
}
m["tan"] = {
aliases = {"Tangale"},
}
m["tao"] = {
aliases = {"Yami", "Tao"},
}
m["tap"] = {
aliases = {"Taabwa"},
}
m["tar"] = {
aliases = {"Central Tarahumara"},
}
m["tas"] = {
aliases = {"Tay Boi Pidgin French", "Vietnamese Pidgin French"},
}
m["tau"] = {
aliases = {"Tabesna", "Nabesna"},
}
m["tav"] = {
aliases = {"Tatuyo"},
}
m["taw"] = {
}
m["tax"] = {
aliases = {"Tamki"},
}
m["tay"] = {
aliases = {"Atayal"},
}
m["taz"] = {
aliases = {"Tocho"},
}
m["tba"] = {
aliases = {"Aikanã"},
}
m["tbc"] = {
aliases = {"Takia"},
}
m["tbd"] = {
}
m["tbe"] = {
}
m["tbf"] = {
}
m["tbg"] = {
aliases = {"North Tairora"},
varieties = {"Aantantara", "Arau-Varosia", "Arokaara", "Saiqora"},
}
m["tbh"] = {
}
m["tbi"] = {
aliases = {"Gaam", "Ingessana", "Gaahmg"}, -- Ingessana is the ethnic group
}
m["tbj"] = {
aliases = {"Tiang"},
}
m["tbk"] = {
aliases = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"},
}
m["tbl"] = {
aliases = {"Tboli", "Tagabili"},
}
m["tbm"] = {
aliases = {"Tagbu"},
}
m["tbn"] = {
aliases = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"},
}
m["tbo"] = {
aliases = {"Tawala"},
}
m["tbp"] = {
aliases = {"Diebroud", "Dabra"},
}
m["tbr"] = {
}
m["tbs"] = {
}
m["tbt"] = {
aliases = {"Kitembo", "Tembo"},
}
m["tbu"] = {
aliases = {"Tubar", "Tubare"},
}
m["tbv"] = {
}
m["tbw"] = {
aliases = {"Aborlan Tagbanwa"},
}
m["tbx"] = {
aliases = {"Kapin"},
}
m["tby"] = {
aliases = {"Tabaru"},
varieties = {"Adu", "Nyeku"},
}
m["tbz"] = {
}
m["tca"] = {
aliases = {"Ticuna", "Tikuna"},
}
m["tcb"] = {
}
m["tcc"] = {
}
m["tcd"] = {
}
m["tce"] = {
aliases = {"Southern Tutchone"},
}
m["tcf"] = {
aliases = {"Malinaltepec Tlapanec"},
}
m["tcg"] = {
}
m["tch"] = {
aliases = {"Turks and Caicos Creole English"},
}
m["tci"] = {
aliases = {"Anta-Komnzo-Wára-Wérè-Kémä"}, -- oof, Glottolog's name
varieties = {"Anta", "Kémä", "Kómnjo", "Wára", "Wèré"},
}
m["tck"] = {
}
m["tcl"] = {
aliases = {"Taman (Myanmar)", "Taman", "Taman (Burma)"},
}
m["tcm"] = {
aliases = {"Tanah Merah", "Tanahmerah", "Sumeri"},
pseudo_families = "paa",
}
m["tco"] = {
}
m["tcp"] = {
aliases = {"Tawr"},
}
m["tcq"] = {
}
m["tcs"] = {
aliases = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Big Thap", "Blaikman", "Brokan", "Broken", "Broken English", "Cape York Creole", "Lockhart Creole", "Papuan Pidgin English", "Torres Strait Brokan", "Torres Strait Broken", "Torres Strait Pidgin", "Yumplatok"},
}
m["tct"] = {
aliases = {"T'en"},
}
m["tcu"] = {
aliases = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"},
}
m["tcw"] = {
aliases = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"},
}
m["tcx"] = {
aliases = {"Toda"},
}
m["tcy"] = {
aliases = {"Tulu"},
}
m["tcz"] = {
aliases = {"Thado"},
}
m["tda"] = {
}
m["tdb"] = {
}
m["tdc"] = {
}
m["tdd"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Nüa", "Tai Nuea", "Dehong Dai", "Tai Dehong", "Tai Le", "Chinese Shan", "Chinese Tai"},
}
m["tde"] = {
}
m["tdf"] = {
other_names = {"Taliang", "Tariang", "Kasseng"},
}
m["tdg"] = {
aliases = {"Western Tamang"},
}
m["tdh"] = {
aliases = {"Thulung"},
}
m["tdi"] = {
aliases = {"Tomadino"},
}
m["tdj"] = {
aliases = {"Tajio"},
}
m["tdk"] = {
}
m["tdl"] = {
other_names = {"Tapshin"},
}
m["tdm"] = {
other_names = {"Taruamá"},
}
m["tdn"] = {
aliases = {"Tondano"},
}
m["tdo"] = {
}
m["tdq"] = {
}
m["tdr"] = {
aliases = {"Todrah"},
}
m["tds"] = {
aliases = {"Doutai"},
other_names = {"Taori"},
}
m["tdt"] = {
aliases = {"Tetun Dili"},
other_names = {"Tetum Dili", "Tetun Prasa", "Tétum Praça", "Tetun-Dili", "Tetun-Prasa"},
}
m["tdv"] = {
aliases = {"Toro"},
}
m["tdy"] = {
aliases = {"Tadyawan"},
}
m["tea"] = {
aliases = {"Temiar"},
}
m["teb"] = {
}
m["tec"] = {
}
m["ted"] = {
}
m["tee"] = {
aliases = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"},
}
m["tef"] = {
}
m["teg"] = {
aliases = {"Teke-Tege"},
}
m["teh"] = {
other_names = {"Patagón", "Chon", "Chon Patagón", "Chon Patagon", "Aoniken", "Aonikenk", "Inaquen", "Aonek'o 'ajen"},
}
m["tei"] = {
aliases = {"Torricelli", "Aro-Mukweym-Orok"}, -- Glottolog's name
varieties = {"Aro", "Mukweym", {"Orok", "Orok (Torricelli)"}},
}
m["tek"] = {
}
m["tem"] = {
aliases = {"Temne"},
other_names = {"Timne", "Themne", "KaThemne"},
}
m["ten"] = {
other_names = {"Tama"},
}
m["teo"] = {
aliases = {"Ateso"},
}
m["tep"] = {
aliases = {"Tepecano"},
}
m["teq"] = {
}
m["ter"] = {
aliases = {"Tereno"},
}
m["tes"] = {
aliases = {"Tengger"},
}
m["tet"] = {
aliases = {"Tetum"},
other_names = {"Tetun"},
}
m["teu"] = {
}
m["tev"] = {
}
m["tew"] = {
aliases = {"Tewa"},
other_names = {"Tano", "Santa Clara Tewa", "San Ildefonso Tewa", "Tesuque Tewa", "Nambe Tewa", "Ohkay Owingeh", "Pojoaque"},
}
m["tex"] = {
aliases = {"Tennet"},
}
m["tey"] = {
}
m["tez"] = {
aliases = {"Tetserret"},
other_names = {"Tin Sert"},
}
m["tfi"] = {
}
m["tfn"] = {
aliases = {"Dena'ina"},
other_names = {"Tanaina"},
}
m["tfo"] = {
}
m["tfr"] = {
aliases = {"Teribe"},
}
m["tft"] = {
aliases = {"Ternate"},
}
m["tga"] = {
}
m["tgb"] = {
aliases = {"Tobilung"},
}
m["tgc"] = {
}
m["tgd"] = {
}
m["tge"] = {
aliases = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"},
}
m["tgf"] = {
aliases = {"Chali"},
other_names = {"Chalikha", "Chalipkha", "Tshali", "Tshalingpa"},
}
m["tgh"] = {
aliases = {"Tobagonian Creole English"},
}
m["tgi"] = {
aliases = {"Lawunuia"},
}
m["tgn"] = {
aliases = {"Tandaganon"},
}
m["tgo"] = {
aliases = {"Sudest"},
}
m["tgp"] = {
}
m["tgq"] = {
}
m["tgr"] = {
}
m["tgs"] = {
}
m["tgt"] = {
aliases = {"Central Tagbanwa"},
}
m["tgu"] = {
}
m["tgv"] = {
}
m["tgw"] = {
aliases = {"Tagwana"},
}
m["tgx"] = {
aliases = {"Tagish"},
}
m["tgy"] = {
}
m["thc"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Hang Tong"},
}
m["thd"] = {
other_names = {"Thaayorre", "Thayore"},
}
m["the"] = {
aliases = {"Chitwania Tharu"},
}
m["thf"] = {
}
m["thh"] = {
aliases = {"Northern Tarahumara"},
}
m["thi"] = {
}
m["thk"] = {
aliases = {"Tharaka"},
}
m["thl"] = {
}
m["thm"] = {
aliases = {"Thavung", "Aheu", "So (Thavung)"},
}
m["thn"] = {
}
m["thp"] = {
aliases = {"Thompson"},
}
m["thq"] = {
aliases = {"Kochila Tharu"},
}
m["thr"] = {
aliases = {"Rana Tharu"},
}
m["ths"] = {
aliases = {"Thakali"},
}
m["tht"] = {
aliases = {"Tahltan"},
}
m["thu"] = {
}
m["thy"] = {
}
m["tic"] = {
}
m["tif"] = {
varieties = {"Asbalmin", "Nuclear Tifal"},
}
m["tig"] = {
aliases = {"Tigre"},
}
m["tih"] = {
aliases = {"Timugon Murut"},
}
m["tii"] = {
}
m["tij"] = {
}
m["tik"] = {
}
m["til"] = {
}
m["tim"] = {
varieties = {"Central Timbe", "North Timbe", "South Timbe"},
}
m["tin"] = {
aliases = {"Tindi"},
}
m["tio"] = {
aliases = {"Teop"},
}
m["tip"] = {
aliases = {"Trimuris"},
}
m["tiq"] = {
}
m["tis"] = {
aliases = {"Masadiit Itneg"},
}
m["tit"] = {
}
m["tiu"] = {
aliases = {"Adasen"},
}
m["tiv"] = {
aliases = {"Tiv"},
other_names = {"Tivi"},
}
m["tiw"] = {
aliases = {"Tiwi"},
}
m["tix"] = {
other_names = {"Isleta", "Isleta Tiwa", "Isleta Pueblo", "Sandia", "Sandia Tiwa", "Sandia Pueblo"},
}
m["tiy"] = {
aliases = {"Tiruray", "Teduray"},
}
m["tiz"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Hongjin"},
}
m["tja"] = {
aliases = {"Tajuasohn"},
}
m["tjg"] = {
aliases = {"Tunjung"},
}
m["tji"] = {
aliases = {"Northern Tujia"},
}
m["tjl"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Laing", "Red Tai (Myanmar)", "Red Shan", "Shan Bamar", "Shan Kalee", "Shan Ni", "Tai Laeng", "Tai Lai", "Tai Leng", "Tai Nai", "Tai Naing"},
}
m["tjm"] = {
}
m["tjn"] = {
}
m["tjs"] = {
aliases = {"Southern Tujia"},
}
m["tju"] = {
}
m["tjw"] = {
aliases = {"Chaap Wuurong"},
other_names = {"Djabwurrung", "Djab Wurrung", "Tjapwurrung"},
}
m["tka"] = {
aliases = {"Truká"},
}
m["tkb"] = {
}
m["tkd"] = {
aliases = {"Tukudede"},
}
m["tke"] = {
aliases = {"Takwane"},
}
m["tkf"] = {
}
m["tkl"] = {
aliases = {"Tokelauan"},
}
m["tkm"] = {
}
m["tkn"] = {
aliases = {"Tokunoshima", "Toku-no-Shima", "Toku-No-Shima"},
}
m["tkp"] = {
aliases = {"Tikopia"},
}
m["tkq"] = {
}
m["tkr"] = {
aliases = {"Tsakhur"},
other_names = {"Caxur", "Tsaxur"},
}
m["tks"] = {
other_names = {"Takestani"},
}
m["tkt"] = {
aliases = {"Kathoriya Tharu"},
}
m["tku"] = {
aliases = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"},
}
m["tkv"] = {
aliases = {"Mur Pano"},
other_names = {"Pano"},
}
m["tkw"] = {
aliases = {"Teanu"},
}
m["tkx"] = {
aliases = {"Tangko"},
}
m["tkz"] = {
aliases = {"Takua"},
}
m["tla"] = {
aliases = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"},
}
m["tlb"] = {
aliases = {"Tobelo"},
varieties = {"Boëng", "Dodinga", "Nuclear Tobelo"},
}
m["tlc"] = {
aliases = {"Misantla Totonac"},
other_names = {"Yecuatla Totonac"},
}
m["tld"] = {
aliases = {"Talaud"},
}
m["tlf"] = {
aliases = {"Telefol"},
varieties = {"Feramin", "Nuclear Telefol"},
}
m["tlg"] = {
}
m["tlh"] = {
aliases = {"Klingon"},
}
m["tli"] = {
aliases = {"Tlingit"},
}
m["tlj"] = {
}
m["tlk"] = {
aliases = {"Taloki"},
}
m["tll"] = {
aliases = {"Tetela"},
varieties = {"Indanga"},
}
m["tlm"] = {
aliases = {"Tolomako"},
}
m["tln"] = {
aliases = {"Talondo'"},
}
m["tlo"] = {
aliases = {"Talodi"},
}
m["tlp"] = {
aliases = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"},
}
m["tlq"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Loi"},
}
m["tlr"] = {
aliases = {"Talise"},
}
m["tls"] = {
aliases = {"Tambotalo"},
}
m["tlt"] = {
aliases = {"Teluti"},
other_names = {"Sou Nama"},
}
m["tlu"] = {
}
m["tlv"] = {
aliases = {"Taliabu"},
other_names = {"Soboyo"},
}
m["tlx"] = {
aliases = {"Khehek"},
}
m["tly"] = {
aliases = {"Talysh", "Talyshi", "Talishi", "Taleshi", "Tolashi"},
}
m["tma"] = {
aliases = {"Tama"},
}
m["tmb"] = {
aliases = {"Katbol"},
varieties = {"Tembimbe", "Katbol"},
}
m["tmc"] = {
}
m["tmd"] = {
varieties = {"Central Waibuk", "North Waibuk", "South Waibuk"},
}
m["tme"] = {
}
m["tmf"] = {
}
m["tmg"] = {
}
m["tmh"] = {
aliases = {"Tuareg", "Tamashek", "Tamahaq", "Tamajaq", "Tamasheq"},
}
m["tmi"] = {
aliases = {"Tutuba"},
}
m["tmj"] = {
aliases = {"Samarokena"},
}
m["tml"] = {
}
m["tmm"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Thanh"},
}
m["tmn"] = {
aliases = {"Taman (Indonesia)"},
other_names = {"Taman"},
}
m["tmo"] = {
aliases = {"Temoq"},
}
m["tmq"] = {
aliases = {"Tumleo"},
}
m["tms"] = {
aliases = {"Tima"},
}
m["tmt"] = {
aliases = {"Tasmate"},
}
m["tmu"] = {
aliases = {"Iau"},
varieties = {{"Foi", "Foi (Iau)"}, "Nuclear Iau", "Turu"},
}
m["tmv"] = {
other_names = {"Tembo"},
}
m["tmy"] = {
}
m["tmz"] = {
aliases = {"Tamanaku"},
}
m["tna"] = {
aliases = {"Tacana"},
}
m["tnb"] = {
aliases = {"Western Tunebo"},
}
m["tnc"] = {
}
m["tnd"] = {
aliases = {"Angosturas Tunebo"},
}
m["tne"] = {
}
m["tng"] = {
}
m["tnh"] = {
}
m["tni"] = {
aliases = {"Tandia"},
}
m["tnk"] = {
aliases = {"Nafe", "South Tanna"},
varieties = {"Port Resolution", "Imaki"},
}
m["tnl"] = {
}
m["tnm"] = {
aliases = {"Tabla"},
varieties = {"Tepera", "Yewena-Yongsu", "Yokari"},
}
m["tnn"] = {
aliases = {"North Tanna"},
}
m["tno"] = {
}
m["tnp"] = {
aliases = {"Whitesands", "East Tanna", "Narak"},
varieties = {"Waesisi", "Lometimeti"},
}
m["tnq"] = {
aliases = {"Taíno", "Taino"},
}
m["tnr"] = {
aliases = {"Menik", "Tenda"},
}
m["tns"] = {
aliases = {"Tenis"},
}
m["tnt"] = {
aliases = {"Tontemboan"},
}
m["tnu"] = {
aliases = {"Tay Khang"},
}
m["tnv"] = {
aliases = {"Tanchangya", "Tangchangya", "Tonchongya", "Tongchongya"},
}
m["tnw"] = {
aliases = {"Tonsawang"},
}
m["tnx"] = {
aliases = {"Tanema"},
}
m["tny"] = {
}
m["tnz"] = {
other_names = {"Tonga"},
}
m["tob"] = {
aliases = {"Toba"},
other_names = {"Chaco Sur", "Namqom", "Qom", "Toba Qom"},
}
m["toc"] = {
aliases = {"Coyutla Totonac"},
}
m["tod"] = {
}
m["tof"] = {
varieties = {"Waidoro", "Western Gizra"},
}
m["tog"] = {
aliases = {"Tonga (Malawi)"},
other_names = {"Kitonga", "Chitonga", "Siska", "Sisya", "Tonga", "Western Nyasa"},
}
m["toh"] = {
aliases = {"Tonga (Mozambique)"},
other_names = {"Gitonga", "Tonga"},
}
m["toi"] = {
aliases = {"Tonga (Zambia)"},
other_names = {"Tonga", "Chitonga", "Plateau Tonga", "Zambezi"},
}
m["toj"] = {
aliases = {"Tojolabal"},
}
m["tok"] = {
aliases = {"Toki Pona"},
}
m["tol"] = {
other_names = {"Smith River", "Smith River Tolowa"},
}
m["tom"] = {
aliases = {"Tombulu"},
}
m["too"] = {
aliases = {"Xicotepec de Juárez Totonac"},
}
m["top"] = {
aliases = {"Papantla Totonac"},
}
m["toq"] = {
}
m["tor"] = {
}
m["tos"] = {
aliases = {"Highland Totonac"},
}
m["tou"] = {
aliases = {"Tho"},
}
m["tov"] = {
}
m["tow"] = {
other_names = {"Towa"},
}
m["tox"] = {
aliases = {"Tobian"},
}
m["toy"] = {
aliases = {"Topoiyo"},
}
m["toz"] = {
}
m["tpa"] = {
}
m["tpc"] = {
aliases = {"Azoyú Me'phaa"},
}
m["tpe"] = {
}
m["tpf"] = {
}
m["tpg"] = {
aliases = {"Kula (Indonesia)"}, -- Glottolog's name
varieties = {"Arumaka", "Iramang", "Kulatela", "Kula Watena", "Larena", "Nuclear Kula", "Sumang", "Watena"},
}
m["tpi"] = {
aliases = {"Tok Pisin", "Melanesian Pidgin English", "Neo-Melanesian", "New Guinea Pidgin"},
}
m["tpj"] = {
aliases = {"Tapieté"},
}
m["tpk"] = {
aliases = {"Tupinikin"},
other_names = {"Coastal Tupi", "Tupiniquim"},
}
m["tpl"] = {
aliases = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa"},
}
m["tpm"] = {
}
m["tpn"] = {
aliases = {"Tupinambá"},
}
m["tpo"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Pao"},
}
m["tpp"] = {
aliases = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"},
}
m["tpq"] = {
aliases = {"Tukpa"},
}
m["tpr"] = {
aliases = {"Tuparí"},
}
m["tpt"] = {
aliases = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"},
}
m["tpu"] = {
aliases = {"Tampuan"},
}
m["tpv"] = {
aliases = {"Tanapag"},
}
m["tpw"] = {
aliases = {"Old Tupi", "Classical Tupi"},
}
m["tpx"] = {
aliases = {"Acatepec Me'phaa"},
}
m["tpy"] = {
aliases = {"Trumai"},
}
m["tpz"] = {
}
m["tqb"] = {
aliases = {"Tembé"},
}
m["tql"] = {
aliases = {"Lehali"},
}
m["tqm"] = {
}
m["tqn"] = {
aliases = {"Tenino"},
}
m["tqo"] = {
aliases = {"Toaripi"},
varieties = {"Kaipi", "Nuclear Toaripi", "Sepoe"},
}
m["tqp"] = {
aliases = {"Tomoip"},
}
m["tqq"] = {
aliases = {"Tunni"},
}
m["tqr"] = {
aliases = {"Torona"},
}
m["tqt"] = {
aliases = {"Western Totonac"},
}
m["tqu"] = {
}
m["tqw"] = {
aliases = {"Tonkawa"},
}
m["tra"] = {
aliases = {"Tirahi"},
}
m["trb"] = {
aliases = {"Terebu"},
}
m["trc"] = {
aliases = {"Copala Triqui"},
}
m["trd"] = {
}
m["tre"] = {
aliases = {"East Tarangan"},
}
m["trf"] = {
aliases = {"Trinidadian Creole English"},
}
m["trg"] = {
aliases = {"Lishán Didán"},
}
m["trh"] = {
}
m["tri"] = {
aliases = {"Trió"},
other_names = {"Trio", "Tiriyó", "Tarano"},
}
m["trj"] = {
}
m["trl"] = {
aliases = {"Traveller Scottish"},
}
m["trm"] = {
aliases = {"Tregami"},
}
m["trn"] = {
other_names = {"Trinitario Moxos", "Moxo", "Moxos", "Mojo", "Moxa"},
}
m["tro"] = {
aliases = {"Tarao"},
other_names = {"Tarao Naga", "Taraotrong", "Tarau"},
}
m["trp"] = {
aliases = {"Kokborok"},
}
m["trq"] = {
aliases = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"},
}
m["trr"] = {
aliases = {"Taushiro"},
}
m["trs"] = {
aliases = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"},
}
m["trt"] = {
}
m["tru"] = {
aliases = {"Turoyo"},
}
m["trv"] = {
aliases = {"Taroko"},
other_names = {"Seediq"},
}
m["trw"] = {
aliases = {"Torwali"},
}
m["trx"] = {
other_names = {"Tringus", "Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"},
}
m["try"] = {
aliases = {"Turung", "Tai Turung"},
}
m["trz"] = {
}
m["tsa"] = {
}
m["tsb"] = {
aliases = {"Tsamai"},
}
m["tsc"] = {
}
m["tsd"] = {
aliases = {"Tsakonian"},
}
m["tse"] = {
aliases = {"Tunisian Sign Language"},
}
m["tsg"] = {
aliases = {"Tausug", "Sūg"},
}
m["tsh"] = {
}
m["tsi"] = {
aliases = {"Tsimshian"},
}
m["tsj"] = {
aliases = {"Tshangla"},
other_names = {"Sharchop"},
}
m["tsl"] = {
aliases = {"Ts'ün-Lao"},
}
m["tsm"] = {
aliases = {"Turkish Sign Language"},
}
m["tsp"] = {
aliases = {"Northern Toussian"},
}
m["tsq"] = {
aliases = {"Thai Sign Language"},
}
m["tsr"] = {
aliases = {"Penantsiro", "Tasiriki"},
}
m["tss"] = {
aliases = {"Taiwan Sign Language"},
}
m["tsu"] = {
aliases = {"Tsou"},
}
m["tsv"] = {
}
m["tsw"] = {
}
m["tsx"] = {
aliases = {"Mubami"},
}
m["tsy"] = {
}
m["tta"] = {
aliases = {"Tutelo"},
}
m["ttb"] = {
aliases = {"Gaa"},
}
m["ttc"] = {
aliases = {"Tektiteko"},
}
m["ttd"] = {
pseudo_families = "paa",
}
m["tte"] = {
other_names = {"Tubetube"},
}
m["ttf"] = {
}
m["ttg"] = {
aliases = {"Tutong"},
}
m["tth"] = {
aliases = {"Upper Ta'oih"},
}
m["tti"] = {
aliases = {"Tobati"},
}
m["ttj"] = {
aliases = {"Tooro", "Rutooro"},
}
m["ttk"] = {
aliases = {"Totoro", "Totoró"},
}
m["ttl"] = {
aliases = {"Totela"},
}
m["ttm"] = {
aliases = {"Northern Tutchone"},
}
m["ttn"] = {
}
m["tto"] = {
aliases = {"Lower Ta'oih"},
}
m["ttp"] = {
aliases = {"Tombelala"},
}
m["ttr"] = {
aliases = {"Tera"},
}
m["tts"] = {
aliases = {"Isan", "Isanese", "Isaan", "Issan", "Northeastern Thai"},
}
m["ttt"] = {
aliases = {"Tat"},
other_names = {"Caucasian Tat", "Muslim Tat", "Armeno-Tat"},
}
m["ttu"] = {
}
m["ttv"] = {
aliases = {"Titan"},
}
m["ttw"] = {
aliases = {"Long Wat"},
other_names = {"Tutoh"},
}
m["tty"] = {
aliases = {"Sikaritai"},
}
m["ttz"] = {
}
m["tua"] = {
aliases = {"Wiarumus"},
}
m["tub"] = {
aliases = {"Tübatulabal"},
}
m["tuc"] = {
}
m["tud"] = {
aliases = {"Tuxá"},
}
m["tue"] = {
aliases = {"Tuyuca"},
}
m["tuf"] = {
aliases = {"Central Tunebo"},
}
m["tug"] = {
}
m["tuh"] = {
}
m["tui"] = {
aliases = {"Tupuri"},
}
m["tuj"] = {
aliases = {"Tugutil"},
varieties = {"Kusuri", "Teluk Lili"},
}
m["tul"] = {
aliases = {"Tula"},
}
m["tum"] = {
aliases = {"Tumbuka"},
}
m["tun"] = {
aliases = {"Tunica"},
}
m["tuo"] = {
aliases = {"Tucano"},
}
m["tuq"] = {
aliases = {"Tedaga"},
other_names = {"Teda"},
}
m["tus"] = {
aliases = {"Tuscarora"},
}
m["tuu"] = {
aliases = {"Tututni"},
}
m["tuv"] = {
aliases = {"Turkana"},
}
m["tux"] = {
}
m["tuy"] = {
aliases = {"Tugen"},
}
m["tuz"] = {
aliases = {"Turka"},
}
m["tva"] = {
aliases = {"Vaghua"},
}
m["tvd"] = {
aliases = {"Tsuvadi"},
}
m["tve"] = {
aliases = {"Te'un"},
}
m["tvk"] = {
aliases = {"Southeast Ambrym"},
}
m["tvl"] = {
aliases = {"Tuvaluan"},
}
m["tvm"] = {
}
m["tvn"] = {
aliases = {"Tavoyan"},
}
m["tvo"] = {
aliases = {"Tidore"},
}
m["tvs"] = {
aliases = {"Taveta"},
}
m["tvt"] = {
}
m["tvu"] = {
aliases = {"Tunen"},
other_names = {"Tunen-Aling'a"},
}
m["tvw"] = {
aliases = {"Sedoa"},
}
m["tvx"] = {
aliases = {"Taivoan"},
}
m["tvy"] = {
aliases = {"Timor Pidgin"},
other_names = {"Bidau Creole Portuguese"},
}
m["twa"] = {
aliases = {"Twana"},
}
m["twb"] = {
aliases = {"Western Tawbuid"},
}
m["twc"] = {
aliases = {"Teshena"},
}
m["twe"] = {
aliases = {"Teiwa", "Tewa"},
varieties = {"Deing", "Lebang", "Madar"},
}
m["twf"] = {
aliases = {"Taos", "Northern Tiwa"},
}
m["twg"] = {
aliases = {"Tereweng"},
}
m["twh"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Dón", "Tai Khao", "White Tai"},
}
m["twm"] = {
aliases = {"Tawang Monpa"},
}
m["twn"] = {
}
m["two"] = {
}
m["twp"] = {
aliases = {"Ere"},
}
m["twq"] = {
aliases = {"Tasawaq"},
}
m["twr"] = {
aliases = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"},
}
m["twt"] = {
aliases = {"Turiwára"},
}
m["twu"] = {
aliases = {"Termanu"},
}
m["tww"] = {
aliases = {"Tuwari"},
}
m["twy"] = {
aliases = {"Tawoyan"},
other_names = {"Taboyan"},
}
m["txa"] = {
aliases = {"Tombonuo"},
}
m["txb"] = {
aliases = {"Tocharian B"},
other_names = {"West Tocharian", "Kuchean"},
}
m["txc"] = {
}
m["txe"] = {
aliases = {"Totoli"},
}
m["txg"] = {
aliases = {"Tangut"},
}
m["txh"] = {
aliases = {"Thracian"},
}
m["txi"] = {
aliases = {"Ikpeng"},
}
m["txj"] = {
}
m["txm"] = {
aliases = {"Tomini"},
}
m["txn"] = {
aliases = {"West Tarangan"},
}
m["txo"] = {
aliases = {"Toto"},
}
m["txq"] = {
aliases = {"Tii"},
}
m["txr"] = {
}
m["txs"] = {
aliases = {"Tonsea"},
}
m["txt"] = {
varieties = {"Bubis", "Esaun", "Komasma", "Pirabanak", "Senggo", "Tiau", "Vakam"},
}
m["txu"] = {
aliases = {"Kayapó"},
}
m["txx"] = {
}
m["tya"] = {
aliases = {"Tauya"},
}
m["tye"] = {
}
m["tyh"] = {
}
m["tyi"] = {
}
m["tyj"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo", "Tai Mène", "Tai Maen", "Tai Quy Chau"},
}
m["tyl"] = {
aliases = {"Thu Lao"},
}
m["tyn"] = {
varieties = {"Central Kombai", "Tayan"},
}
m["typ"] = {
other_names = {"Gugu Thaypan", "Thaypan", "Kuku Thaypan", "Agu Alaya", "Awu Alaya", "Alaya", "Gugu-Rarmul", "Koko-Rarmul", "Rarmul"},
}
m["tyr"] = {
aliases = {"Tai Daeng", "Red Tai (Vietnam)"},
}
m["tys"] = {
aliases = {"Sapa", "Sa Pa", "Tày Sa Pa", "Tai Sapa"},
}
m["tyt"] = {
aliases = {"Tày Tac"},
}
m["tyu"] = {
}
m["tyv"] = {
aliases = {"Tuvan", "Tyvan"},
}
m["tyx"] = {
aliases = {"Teke-Tyee"},
}
m["tyz"] = {
aliases = {"Tày", "Tay", "Tho", "Bao Yen", "Cao Bang"}, -- Both Bao Lac and Trung Khanh are located in Cao Bang.
varieties = {"Central Tày", "Eastern Tày", "Northern Tày", "Southern Tày", "Tày Bao Lac", "Tày Trung Khanh"},
}
m["tza"] = {
aliases = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"},
}
m["tzh"] = {
aliases = {"Tzeltal"},
}
m["tzj"] = {
aliases = {"Tz'utujil", "Tzutujil"},
}
m["tzl"] = {
aliases = {"Talossan"},
}
m["tzm"] = {
aliases = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"},
}
m["tzn"] = {
}
m["tzo"] = {
aliases = {"Tzotzil"},
}
m["tzx"] = {
aliases = {"Tabriak"},
other_names = {"Karawari"},
}
return m
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|sla-pro|*němьcь|t1=外國人,非斯拉夫人;日耳曼人|*-ьskъ}}。
===形容詞===
{{sla-adj}}
# [[日耳曼]]的
====變格====
{{sla-decl-adj-hard|němьcь|sk}}
====派生語彙====
大部分語言中僅保留了定形,但不定形仍留存於教會斯拉夫語中。
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|няме́цкі}}
** {{desc|ru|неме́цкий}}
** {{desc|uk|німе́цький}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|нѣмьчьскъ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱀⱑⰿⱐⱍⱐⱄⰽⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|не́мски}}
** {{desc|mk|немечки}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|нѐмачкӣ|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|њѐмачкӣ}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|nèmačkī}}、{{l|sh|njèmačkī}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|nẹ́mški}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|němečský}}
*** {{desc|cs|německý}}
** {{desc|pl|niemiecki}}
** {{desc|szl|mjymjecki}}
** {{desc|sk|nemecký}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|sla-pro|*němъ|gloss1=啞的|*ьcь}}。指“不會說[斯拉夫語]的人”;但也有說法稱,這是對日耳曼民族堅忍性格的體現。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[外國人]],非[[斯拉夫人]]
# {{qual|特指}} [[日耳曼]]人
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*němьčьskъ}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|sla-pro|*slověninъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*volxъ}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|нѣмьць}}
*** {{desc|be|не́мец}}
*** {{desc|ru|не́мец}}
*** {{desc|uk|ні́мець}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|нѣмьць}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱀⱑⰿⱐⱌⱐ}}
** {{desc|bg|немец}}
** {{desc|mk|Немец}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|Не́мац|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|Није́мац}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|Némac}}、{{l|sh|Nijémac}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|Nẹ́məc}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|Němec}}
** {{desc|csb|Miemc}}
** {{desc|dsb|Nimc}}
** {{desc|pl|Niemiec}}
** {{desc|szl|Mjymjec}}
** {{desc|sk|Nemec}}
** {{desc|hsb|Němc}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族:
** {{desc|hu|német|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ota|نمچه|tr=nemçe|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|ro|neamț|bor=1}}
{{c|sla-pro|居民稱謂詞}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь]]
[[fr:Annexe:proto-slave/*němьcь]]
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===词源===
最终源自{{der|sla-pro|gem-pro|*walhaz}}。確切的經路不明;<ref name=Pronk>{{R:sla:Pronk-Tiethoff 2013|99}}</ref>有說法提出可能是{{bor|sla-pro|got|*𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃}}。<ref name=ESUM>{{R:uk:ESUM|воло́х|422|1}}</ref><ref name=Skok>{{R:sh:Skok1971|Vläh|page=606}}</ref>[[w:en:Petar Skok|Skok]] 則認為是4-5世紀斯拉夫人最初在多瑙河下游與羅曼人相遇時,從巴爾幹哥特語借入的。<ref name=Skok />
===名词===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*vòlxъ}}<ref name=Pronk /><ref name=ESUM /><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|volxъ volxa|accent paradigm ''a''}}</ref>
# [[羅馬]]人;講[[羅曼語族]]語言的人
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|vòlxъ|ap=a}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*volšьskъ}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|волохъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|волохъ}}
**** {{desc|be|вало́х}}
**** {{desc|uk|воло́х}}
*** {{desc|ru|воло́х}}
**** {{desc|de|Wallach|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|ru|вала́х|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|pl|wałach|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pl|Wołoch|bor=1}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|влахъ}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⰲⰾⰰⱈⱏ}}
*** {{desc|bg|влах}}
*** {{desc|gkm|Βλάχος|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|el|Βλάχος}}
** {{desc|mk|влав}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|Вла̏х|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|Vlȁh|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|hu|olasz|bor=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|lȁh}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|Vlach}}
** {{desc|pl|Włoch}}
** {{desc|dsb|Łoch|łoski}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族:
** {{desc|hu|oláh|bor=1}}
** {{desc|rup|vlah|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sq|vlláh|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|valah|Valahia}}
*** {{desc|cs|valach|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|sk|valach|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|en|Vlach|Wallachia}}
====参考资料====
{{reflist}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:pl:Bruckner|Włoch|page=626}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|воло́х}}
* {{R:sla:Verweij|p=525, 530}}
{{c|sla-pro|居民稱謂詞}}
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==梵語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|sa|वालिका}}
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
* {{hyph|sa|वा|लु|का}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=f}}
# [[沙]];[[砂礫]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pi|vālukā}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀯𑀸𑀮𑀼𑀆}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|awa|बारू}}
*** 印度斯坦語:bālū, bārū
**** {{desc|hi|बालू|बारू|tr1=-|tr2=-}}
**** {{desc|ur|بَالُو|بَارُو}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|bh}}
***** {{desc|bho|बालू}}
***** {{desc|mai|बालू|बाल}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 中帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|kfy|बालू|बालुवा|बाळू|tr1=bālū|tr2=bāluwā|tr3=bāḷū}}
**** 東帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|ne|बालुवा|बलुवा}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|jns|बाड़ू|tr1=bāṛū|बाऊ|tr2=bāū}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|inc-ata}}
***** {{desc|pa||alt=bālū}}
*****: {{desc|pa|ਬਾਲੂ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*****: {{desc|pa|بَالُو|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|mr|वाळू}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|વાળૂ|વેળુ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|valuka|11580|page=675}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
可能與{{cog|iir-pro|*pānsúš|t=塵}} 同源。Vasmer 認為與{{cog|hy|փոշի|t=塵}} 有关。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*pě̄sъ̀kъ}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|398|*pě̄sъ̀kъ|m. o (b) ‘sand’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|pěsъkъ pěsъka|''b'' (SA 138, 188; PR 134)}}</ref>
# [[沙]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|pě̄sъ̀kъ|ap=b}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|пясо́к}}
** {{desc|ru|песо́к}}
** {{desc|uk|пісо́к}}
** {{desc|rue|пісок}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|пѣсъкъ}}
*** {{desc|bg|пя́сък}}
** {{desc|mk|песок}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|пе́сак|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|пије́сак}}
**: {{desc|sh|pésak|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|pijésak}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|pẹ́sək}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|piesek}}
*** {{desc|cs|písek}}
** {{desc|pox|ṕosăk}}
** {{desc|pl|piasek}}
** {{desc|szl|piŏsek}}
** {{desc|sk|piesok}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|pěsk}}
*** {{desc|hsb|pěsk}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|песо́к}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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орѣхъ
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==古盧森尼亞語==
[[Image:20130126 Mixed nuts.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|zle-ort|орѣхи}}]]
===其他形式===
* {{alt|zle-ort|горѣ́хъ}}
* {{alt|zle-ort|орі́хъ||古烏克蘭語}}
* {{alt|zle-ort|оре́хъ|ѡрѣ́хъ|ѡре́хъ}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|zle-ort|orv|орѣхъ}},{{inh+|zle-ort|sla-pro|*o(b)rěxъ}},{{inh+|zle-ort|ine-bsl-pro|*rēks‑}},{{inh+|zle-ort|ine-pro|*areyis-}}。<ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*obrěxъ|71|29|ст.-блр. ''орех''}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|горіх|567|1}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:EDUL|горі́х|694|1|MUk. ''горѣсѣ'' (XVIII c.), ''горіхы'' (XVII c.), ''горѣхи'' (1737)}}</ref><ref>{{R:be:ESBM|арэ́х|159|1|arech}}</ref>同源詞包括{{cog|ru|оре́х}}。
===名詞===
{{zle-ort-noun|орѣ́хъ|m-in|gen=|pl=|genpl=|adj=орѣ́ховый|dim=}}
# {{c|zle-ort|殼斗目植物|堅果|樹}} [[堅果]](樹或種子)
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|be|арэ́х|гарэ́х}}
* {{desc|rue|орі́х}}
* {{desc|uk|горі́х}};{{desc|uk|орі́х|ворі́х|йорі́х|оре́х|nolang=1|qq=方言}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|орехъ|316|22|orekh}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|sla-pro|*privětiti|t1=|*-ъ}},源自''{{l|sla-pro|*pri}}'' + ''{{l|sla-pro|*větь}}'' + ''{{l|sla-pro|*-iti}}''.
===感嘆詞===
{{head|sla-pro|感嘆詞|head=*privě̀tъ}}
# [[你好]]
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|привѣ́тъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|привѣ́тъ|приве́тъ}}
**** {{desc|be|прыве́т}}
**** {{desc|uk|приві́т}}
*** {{desctree|ru|приве́т}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|привѣтъ}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⱂⱃⰺⰲⱑⱅⱏ}}
** {{desc|bg|приве́т}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|přívět}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
** {{desc|sk|prívet}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:uk:ESUM|приві́т|569|4}}
* {{R:be:ESBM|прыве́т||10|url=pryviet}}
* {{R:bg:BER|приве́т|701|5}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|приве́т}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{unk|sla-pro}}。如果古普魯士語詞與本詞同源,且非借詞,則{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro||*praśan}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro||*proḱom}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*perḱ-|t=雜色的}},或源自 {{m|ine-pro|*pres-|t=按壓}}。也有可能來自印歐語系以外的語言。對照{{cog|mhr|шурно}}、{{cog|mdf|суро}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*prȍso}}<ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|proso prosa, pl. prosa|''c'' (SA 139, 157, 188, 199; PR 138; MP 20; RPT 111)}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|穀物}} [[黍]](''[[Panicum miliaceum]]'')
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|stem=o|ap=c}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|просо}}
*** {{desc|be|про́са}}
*** {{desc|ru|про́со}}
*** {{desc|rue|просо}}
*** {{desc|uk|про́со}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|просо}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱂⱃⱁⱄⱁ}}
** {{desc|bg|просо́}}
** {{desc|mk|просо}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|про̏со|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|prȍso|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|prosọ̑}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|proso}}
*** {{desc|cs|proso}}
** {{desc|pox|prösü}}
** {{desc|pl|proso|g=n}}、{{l|pl|prosa|g=f}}
** {{desc|sk|proso}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|pšoso}}
*** {{desc|hsb|proso}}
* {{desc|lv|prosa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lt|prosais|bor=1}}
* {{desc|prg|prassan|t=小米|pos=賓格|bor=1|unc=1}}
{{bottom}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ine-bsl:Nieminen:1956|pages=166 and 169}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|просо}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/proso]]
[[ru:*proso]]
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{{also|Lilas|lîlas|lilás|lilàs|lila's}}
==法語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|fr|lilac||古舊}}
===詞源===
直到19世紀仍廣泛拼作 {{m|fr|lilac}};17世紀{{bor+|fr|ar|لِيلَك}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-lilas.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# [[丁香]];[[丁香花]]
# 淡[[紫色]]
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|eu|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|br|lireu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|lilà|lila}}
* {{desc|co|lillà|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|da|lilla|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|lilac|bor=1}}
** {{desc|kw|laylok|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ga|líológ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gv|laylac|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gd|liagh|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|leloc|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|lile|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Lila|lilafarben|lila}}
** {{desc|be|ліловы|bor=1}}
** {{desc|lv|lillā|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|et|lilla|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|liv|lilla|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|pl|lilowy|liliowy}}
** {{desc|ru|лило́вый|bor=1}}
** {{desc|uk|ліло́вий|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nds|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|is|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|lilà|lilla}}
* {{desc|nb|lilla|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nn|lilla|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|lillà|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|lilak|lila}}
* {{desc|pt|lilás|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|es|lila|lilac}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|лѝла|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|lìla|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sl|lȋla|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|lila|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fi|liila|lila}}
* {{desc|tr|lila|bor=1}}
* {{desc|zza|lila|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
{{C|fr|木樨科植物|花|顏色}}
==西班牙語==
===形容詞===
{{head|es|形容詞變格形|g=m-p|g2=f-p}}
# {{adj form of|es|lila||p}}
===名詞===
{{head|es|名詞變格形|g=f-p}}
# {{plural of|es|lila}}
==沃拉普克語==
===名詞===
{{head|vo|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|vo|lil||gen|p}}
==達悟語==
===名詞===
{{head|tao|名詞}}
# {{lb|tao|解剖學}} [[胰臟]]
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==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|sla-pro}}
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|m|head=*stьrvь}}
# [[屍體]]
#: {{syn|sla-pro|*trupъ}}
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|g=f}}
{{sla-decl-noun|g=m}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|стьрвь|стьрва}}
*** {{desc|be|сце́рва|der=1}}
*** {{desc|ru|сте́рва}}
*** {{desc|ru|сте́рво|der=1}}
*** {{desc|uk|сте́рво|der=1}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
*** 俄羅斯教會斯拉夫語:{{l|cu|стьрвь}}
** {{desc|bg|стръв}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|стр̑в|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|stȓv|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|stȓv}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|csb|szczirz|scyrz}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|ścierw|ścirw|ścirzw}}
*** {{desc|pl|ścierw|qq=棄用}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|ścirwo|der=1}}
*** {{desc|pl|ścierwo}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|śćerb}}
*** {{desc|hsb|śćerb}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|сте́рва}}
* {{R:bg:BER|стръв|509|7}}
{{C|sla-pro|死亡}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|sla-pro|*jarъ|*-ostь}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f}}
# [[狂暴]],[[憤怒]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|jarostь|g=f}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zle-ort|ꙗ́рость}}
*** {{desc|be|я́расць}}
*** {{desc|uk|я́рість}}
** {{desc|ru|я́рость}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|ꙗрость|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|я́рост}}
** {{desc|mk|ја́рост}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ја́ро̑ст|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|járȏst|sclang=1}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|jarost}}
** {{desc|pl|jarość}}
** {{desc|sk|jarosť}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|jěrosć}}
*** {{desc|dsb|jarosć}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*jarostь|177|8}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|sla-pro|*drugъ|t1=朋友|*-ьnъ}}。
===形容詞===
{{sla-adj}}
# [[友好]]的
====變格====
{{sla-decl-adj-hard|druž|ьn}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|ru|дру́жный}}
** {{desc|uk|дру́жній}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|дроужьнъ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|дру́жен}}
** {{desc|mk|дружен}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|drúžen}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|družný}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|drużny}}
** {{desc|sk|družný}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*družьnъ|137|5}}
eqvmmuy5xferkr7zhrgpmganzb8cymo
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*pobiti}}。
===動詞===
{{cu-verb|pf}}
# [[殺]]
====變位====
{{cu-conj-present|побиѭ|побиѥ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|по̀бити|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|pòbiti|sclang=1}}
==古諾夫哥羅德語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|zle-ono|sla-pro|*pobiti}}。
===動詞===
{{head|zle-ono|動詞}}
# [[打]],[[擊]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:orv:birchbark|побити|247}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*pobiti}}。對照{{cog|zlw-ocs|pobiti}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/pǒbiti/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|по|би|ти}}
===動詞===
{{sh-verb|по̀бити|pf}}
# {{lb|sh|及物}} [[殺]](許多人)
# {{lb|sh|及物}} [[反駁]](論點、主張等)
# {{lb|sh|自反}} [[戰鬥]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|p.va=по̀бӣвши
|pr.1s=побијем
|pr.2s=побијеш
|pr.3s=побије
|pr.1p=побијемо
|pr.2p=побијете
|pr.3p=побију
|f1.hr=побит
|f1.stem=поби
|a.1s=побих
|a.2s=поби
|a.3s=поби
|a.1p=побисмо
|a.2p=побисте
|a.3p=побише
|impt.2s=побиј
|impt.1p=побијмо
|impt.2p=побијте
|app.ms=побио
|app.fs=побила
|app.ns=побило
|app.mp=побили
|app.fp=побиле
|app.np=побила
|ppp.ms=побијен
|ppp.fs=побијена
|ppp.ns=побијено
|ppp.mp=побијени
|ppp.fp=побијене
|ppp.np=побијена
}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sh|sc=Cyrl|поби́јати|g=impf}}
i4c3rc74xu403v6zae4v85ghrgu7s27
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==古東斯拉夫語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|orv|боукꙑ}}
* {{l|orv|бъкъвь}}
* {{l|orv|бꙋква}}、{{l|orv|боуква}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|orv|sla-pro|*buky}}。
===名詞===
{{head|orv|名詞|g=f}}
# [[字母]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ru|бу́ква}}、{{desc|ru|бу́ки|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|uk|бу́ква}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:orv:Sreznevsky|бꙋкꙑ|192|1}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*laśas}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro||*loḱs-os-|鮭魚,鱒魚}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|285|*lososь|PIE ''*loḱs-os-''}}</ref> 或 {{m|ine-pro|*laḱs-}}<ref>{{R:lv:LEV|lasis}}</ref>。
波羅的語族同源詞包括{{cog|lv|lasis}}、{{cog|lt|lašišà}}、古普魯士語 *{{m|prg|lalasso}}({{m|prg|lasasso}} 的錯誤拼寫)。印歐語系同源詞包括{{cog|gem-pro|*lahsaz}}、{{cog|os|лӕсӕг||鮭魚}}、{{cog|txb|laks||魚|g=m}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|285|*lososь|m. jo ‘salmon’}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|魚}} [[鮭魚]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|lososь|stem=o|g=m}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*lososina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*lososьjь|pos=a}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|лосось|лосъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|лосо́сь}}
**** {{desc|be|ласо́сь}}
**** {{desc|rue|ло́сос}}
**** {{desc|uk|лосо́сь}}
*** {{desc|ru|лосо́сь|ло́сось}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|sah|лосось}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|лосось}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|mk|лосос}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ло̏сос|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|ло̏с}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|lȍsos}}、{{l|sh|lȍs}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|lọ̑sos}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|losos}}
*** {{desc|cs|losos}}
** {{desc|csb|łosos}}
** {{desc|pl|łosoś}}
** {{desc|sk|losos}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|lʉ̀ɵsɵs}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|łosos}}
*** {{desc|hsb|łosos}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|hu|lazac}}
** {{desc|ro|lostriță}} {{qual|可能}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*lososь|88|16}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
27gpfl0pnvzxxg5rw2ikf5dsfiql7pf
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kelH-}}
源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*kelH-||抬起}} {{suffix|sla-pro||*o}}。與 {{m|sla-pro|*xъlmъ||山丘}} 來自相同的印歐語詞根。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*čelò}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|80|*čelò|n. o (b) ‘forehead’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|čelo|''b'' (SA 152; PR 135; MP 25)}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|身體部位}} [[額頭]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|čelò|ap=b}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*čeľustь}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|чело|чоло}}
*** {{desc|be|чало́}}
*** {{desc|ru|чело́}}
*** {{desc|uk|чоло́}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|чело}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⱍⰵⰾⱁ}}
** {{desc|bg|чело́}}
** {{desc|mk|че́ло}}
** 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|чѐло}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|čèlo}}
*** 黑山 {{a|sh|Piperi}}:{{l|sh|čȅło}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|čélo}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|čelo}}
*** {{desc|cs|čelo}}
** {{desc|pl|czoło}}
** {{desc|sk|čelo}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|čʉ̀ɵ̯lɵ}}
** {{desc|pox|celü}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|čoło}}
*** {{desc|dsb|coło}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*čelo|45|4}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|чело}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
qlyqlyihknthu8oe4tf7s75ii6gqwuu
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁ówHdʰr̥}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*vỳmę|n}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|534|*vỳmę}}</ref>
# [[乳房]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|vỳmę|ap=a|stem=n}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*ùditi}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|507|*ùditi}}</ref>
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|вꙑмѧ}}
*** {{desc|be|вы́мя}}
*** {{desc|ru|вы́мя}}
*** {{desc|uk|ви́м'я}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|ви́ме}}
** {{desc|mk|виме}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ви̏ме|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|vȉme|sclang=1}}、{{qual|查方言}} {{l|sh|vȉme}}
** {{desc|sl|víme}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|výmě}}
*** {{desc|cs|vemeno}}
**** 摩拉維亞 {{a|cs|Mistřice}}:{{l|cs|vimeno}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|wymię}}
*** {{desc|pl|wymię}}
** {{desc|sk|vemä}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|wumjo}}
*** {{desc|dsb|wumje}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
* {{R:orv:Sreznevsky|вꙑмѧ|447|1}}
{{c|sla-pro|動物身體部位}}
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==加利西亚语==
===动词===
{{gl-verb-form|gerund}}
# {{inflection of|gl|conter||gerund}}
==意大利语==
===发音===
{{it-pr}}
===动词===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|contendere||1|s|pres|ind}}
==拉丁语==
===词源===
源自{{affix|la|con-|gloss1=一起|tendō|gloss2=伸展,延伸}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|contendō}}
===动词===
{{la-verb|3|contendō|contend|content}}
# [[急忙]]
# [[拉伸]],[[拉紧]],[[绷紧]]
# [[对比]],[[比较]]
# {{lb|la|music}} [[拉]][[弦]][[调音]]
# {{lb|la|指武器}} [[发射]],[[投掷]]
# {{lb|la|指地点}} [[到达]],[[延伸]]到
# {{lb|la|带不定式}} [[努力]],[[热情]]地做,[[竭力]]地做,[[争取]]
# [[竞拍]]
# {{lb|la|带宾格或不定式}} [[断言]];[[维持]]
# {{lb|la|不及物}} [[争辩]];[[斗争]];[[打架]]
# {{lb|la|不及物|常带{{m|la|ab}}}} [[要求]],[[寻求]];[[争取]]
# {{lb|la|不及物|figuratively}} [[追求]],[[争取]]
# {{lb|la|不及物|figuratively}} [[争取]][[到达]],[[前往]];[[前进]]
====变位====
{{la-conj|3|contendō|contend|content}}
====近义词====
* {{sense|要求}} {{l|la|adfecto}}、{{l|la|peto}}、{{l|la|repeto}}、{{l|la|prehenso}}、{{l|la|efflagito}}、{{l|la|exigo}}、{{l|la|exoro}}
* {{sense|争取}} {{l|la|lūctor}}、{{l|la|ēlabōrō}}、{{l|la|certō}}、{{l|la|cōnītor}}、{{l|la|cōnor}}、{{l|la|appetō}}、{{l|la|temptō}}、{{l|la|affectō}}、{{l|la|adnītor}}、{{l|la|labōrō}}、{{l|la|tendō}}、{{l|la|quaerō}}、{{l|la|īnsequor}}、{{l|la|studeō}}、{{l|la|ēnītor}}、{{l|la|pugnō}}、{{l|la|mōlior}}、{{l|la|perīclitor}}、{{l|la|nītor}}、{{l|la|spectō}}
* {{sense|打架}} {{l|la|lūctor}}、{{l|la|repugnō}}、{{l|la|pugnō}}、{{l|la|dēcernō}}、{{l|la|concurrō}}、{{l|la|certō}}、{{l|la|bellō}}、{{l|la|dīmicō}}、{{l|la|cōnflīgō}}、{{l|la|committō}}、{{l|la|serō}}、{{l|la|dēcertō}}
* {{sense|对比}} {{l|la|comparō}}、{{l|la|aequō}}、{{l|la|cōnferō}}
* {{sense|断言}} {{l|la|affirmō}}、{{l|la|firmō}}、{{l|la|aiō}}、{{l|la|arguō}}、{{l|la|fīgō}}
* {{sense|争辩}} {{l|la|dēcertō}}、{{l|la|certō}}
* {{sense|寻求}} {{l|la|requīrō}}、{{l|la|quaerō}}、{{l|la|studeō}}、{{l|la|spectō}}、{{l|la|petō}}、{{l|la|appetō}}、{{l|la|quaerō}}、{{l|la|affectō}}、{{l|la|cupiō}}、{{l|la|concupiō}}、{{l|la|expetō}}、{{l|la|dēstinō}}、{{l|la|sitiō}}、{{l|la|aveō}}、{{l|la|voveō}}、{{l|la|circumspiciō}}、{{l|la|tendō}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|contentē}}
* {{l|la|contentiō}}
* {{l|la|contentus}}
====相关词汇====
{{top4}}
* {{l|la|attendō}}
* {{l|la|contentiōsē}}
* {{l|la|contentiōsus}}
* {{l|la|dētendō}}
* {{l|la|distendō}}
* {{l|la|extendō}}
* {{l|la|intendō}}
* {{l|la|obtendō}}
* {{l|la|ostendō}}
* {{l|la|pertendō}}
* {{l|la|portendō}}
* {{l|la|praetendō}}
* {{l|la|prōtendō}}
* {{l|la|retendō}}
* {{l|la|subtendō}}
* {{l|la|tendō}}
{{bottom}}
====后代词汇====
{{top2}}
* 意大利-罗曼语支:
** 中部意大利语:{{l|it|contennere}}
** {{desc|it|contendere}} {{desc|it|contesa|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|scn|cuntènniri}}
* 北高卢-罗曼语支:
** {{desc|frp|countent|countentin|der=1}}
** {{desc|fro|contendre}} {{desc|fro|acontendre|recontendre|contenderie|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|frm|contendre}} {{desc|frm|contendant|contentif|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|enm|contenden|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|en|contend}}
* 南高卢-罗曼语支:
** {{desc|ca|contendre}}
** {{desc|pro|contendre|contener}} {{desc|pro|conten|contenda|contena|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** ⇒ 貝亞恩:{{l|oc|countendè|t=有争议的共同领土}}
* 伊比利亚-罗曼语支
** {{desc|pt|contender}} {{desc|pt|contenda|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|es|contender}} {{desc|es|contienda|der=1|nolang=1}}
* 借词:
** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|*kunten}}
*** {{desc|wlm|kynhen}}
**** {{desc|cy|cynnen}} {{desc|cy|cynhenna|der=1|nolang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===参考===
* {{R:FEW|2|1103|contendere}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
==葡萄牙语==
===动词===
{{head|pt|動名詞}}
# {{gerund of|pt|conter}}
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{{also|गाथ|गाथा}}
==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=gūtha}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|n|g2=m}}
# {{pi-sc||gūtha|t=糞便}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=n}}
作陽性名詞時,以下三個格會發生變化:
{{pi-decl-noun|g=m|noins=true|nogen=true|nodat=true|noabl=true|noloc=true}}
==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
{{dercat|sa|inc-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|sa|iir-pro|*guHtʰás}},{{inh+|sa|ine-pro|*gʷewh₁-|*gʷuh₁-tHó-s}}。
同源詞包括{{cog|sla-pro|*govьno}}、{{cog|ira-pro|*guHθáh}}({{cog|ae|𐬔𐬏𐬚𐬀}}、{{cog|fa|گوه|tr=guh}})。{{sa-root|sr=1|गू|PIE=gʷewh₁}}。
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA|novedic=1}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=mn}} {{tlb|sa|Classical}}
# [[糞便]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m}}
{{sa-decl-noun-n}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|dml|gū}}
** {{desc|gwt|gū}}
** {{desc|khw|گور|tr=gūr}}
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|گٕس|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|गॖस|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|phl|گو|tr=gū}}
** {{desc|sts|gūi}}
** {{desc|wsv|gū}}
** {{desc|iir-nur-pro|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ask|gū}}
*** {{desc|bsh|gü}}
*** {{desc|wbk|gū}}
* {{desctree|pi|gūtha}}
* {{desctree|pra|𑀕𑀽𑀳}}
* {{desc|or|ଗୁଥ|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|si|ගූථ|lbor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:CDIAL|gūtha|pg=226|hw=1}}
* {{R:sa:MW|0361}}
* {{R:Apte|pg=667}}
* {{R:DCS}}
{{c|sa|糞便}}
orss0axrqy9alqt3okoenbs74w60cdx
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|गूथ}},源自{{der|pra|ine-pro|*gʷewh₁-}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=n}}
# [[糞便]]
====派生語彙====
* 中部:
** {{desc|pra-sau}}
*** 印度斯坦語:
***: {{desc|hi|गुह|alts=1}}
***: {{desc|ur|گوہ|tr=gūh}}、{{l|ur|گو|tr=gū}}
* 東部:
** {{desc|pra-mag}}
*** {{desc|as|গু}}
*** {{desc|bn|গু}}
*** {{desc|bh}}
**** {{desc|bho|गूह}}
*** {{desc|or|ଗୁହ|ଘୁଅ|ଗୁ|ଗଅ|ଗଇ}}
*** {{desc|syl|ꠉꠥ}}
* 北部:
** {{desc|pra-kha}}
*** 東帕哈里語:
**** {{desc|ne|गू|गुहु}}
* 西北:
** {{desc|pra-pai}}
*** {{desc|inc-ata}}
**** {{desc|lah|گہ|tr1=gũh|گھوں|tr2=ghū̃|گوں|tr3=gū̃̀}}
**** {{desc|pa||alt=gū̃h}}
****: {{desc|pa|ਗੂੰਹ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pa|گُوںہ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|inc-avr}}
**** {{desc|sd||alt=gū̃hu}}
****: {{desc|sd|گُوڻهُ|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|sd|गूंहु|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|jdg||tr=gū}}
***** {{desc|kfr|ગૂ}}
* 南部:
** {{desc|pra-hel}}
*** {{desc|dv|ގުއި|ގޫ}}
*** {{desc|si|ගූ}}
** {{desc|pra-mah}}
*** {{desc|kok||alt=gū}}
***: {{desc|kok|गू|tr=-|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kok|ಗೂ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kok|gu|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mr|गू}}
* 西部:
** {{desc|pra-sau}}
*** {{desc|gu|ગૂ}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:CDIAL|gūtha|4225}}
* {{R:pra:Sheth}}
{{c|pra|糞便}}
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صحت
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{{also|صحة|صحب}}
==阿拉伯語==
===動詞===
{{ar-verb form|صِحْتُ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|صَاحَ||1|s|past|actv}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb form|صِحْتَ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|صَاحَ||2|m|s|past|actv}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb form|صِحْتِ|I}}
# {{inflection of|ar|صَاحَ||2|f|s|past|actv}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|صِحَّة}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|sih`hat}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=sehhat}}
# [[健康]]
#: {{syn|fa|سلامتی|tr=salâmati}}
# [[有效]];[[正確]]
#: {{ux|fa|صحت و سقم|tr=sehhat-o-soqm|準確性}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|səhhət|bor=1}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|सेहत}}
*: {{desc|ur|صحت|tr=sehat}}
* → 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸਿਹਤ|tr=sehat|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|صحت|tr=sehat|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|tg|сиҳат|bor=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|ur|fa|صحت|tr=sehhat}},源自{{der|ur|ar|صِحَّة}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|sehat|sihat}},{{IPAchar|[sɛ.ɦɛt̪]}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ət̪|ɛt̪}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=صِحَت|hi=सेहत,सिहत}}
# [[健康]]
# [[無恙]]
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==波斯語==
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=salâmati}}
# [[健康]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fr|سلامت|tr=salâmat}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸਲਾਮਤੀ|tr=salāmatī|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|سلامتی|tr=salāmatī|sclang=1}}
==烏爾都語==
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=سَلامْتِی|hi=सलामती}}
# [[安全]]
# [[健康]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ur|سلامت|tr=salāmat|t=安全}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始安納托利亞語==
===其他重構===
* {{l|ine-ana-pro||*wẹ̄s}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|ine-ana-pro|/wɛ́.jɛs/}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ine-ana-pro|ine-pro|*wéy}}。
===代詞===
{{head|ine-ana-pro|代詞|單數|*ʔúǵ}}
# [[我們]]
====屈折====
{| class="inflection-table vsSwitcher vsToggleCategory-inflection; collapsed" style="background: #FAFAFA; border: 1px solid #d0d0d0; text-align: left;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" width="40%"
|- style="background: #CCCCFF;"
! class="vsToggleElement" colspan="4" | Craig Melchert 的重構
|- class="vsHide"
! style="min-width: 5em; background: #CCCCFF;" |
! style="min-width: 12em; background: #CCCCFF;" | 單數
|- class="vsHide" style="background-color: #F2F2FF;"
! style="min-width: 8em; background-color: #E6E6FF;" | 主格
| {{l|ine-pro||*wéyes}}
|- class="vsHide" style="background-color: #F2F2FF;"
! style="min-width: 8em; background-color: #E6E6FF;" | 斜格
| {{l|ine-pro||*n̥s-wé-}}
|- class="vsHide" style="background-color: #F2F2FF;"
! style="min-width: 8em; background-color: #E6E6FF;" | 附著語素
| {{l|ine-pro||*-nos}}
|-
|}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hit|𒌑𒂊𒌍|tr=ú-e-eš|ts=wēs}}
* {{desc|xlu|-}}
*: {{desc|xlu|𒀀𒀭𒍝|tr=a-an-za|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|xlu|𔗥𔖪𔗷|tr=a-zu-za|sc=Hluw|sclang=1}}
====參考資料====
9i83cu7m6w7m04wf7kddm93id2c343j
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
[[File:A violin scroll and finger board in the making.jpg|thumb|творити ]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*tvoriti}}。
===動詞===
{{cu-verb|impf}}
# [[做]]
# [[製作]]
#* 《反波格米勒派論》,250-251:
#*: {{quote|cu|еретици же посѣкаѭтъ крьстꙑ и своꙗ орѫдиꙗ '''творѧтъ''' ими|而异教徒则砍下十字架用来'''制作'''工具}}
====變位====
{{cu-conj-i-type|твор}}
====派生詞彙====
{{top3}}
* {{l|cu|баснотворити}}
* {{l|cu|благотворити}}
* {{l|cu|животворивъ}}
* {{l|cu|животворити}}
* {{l|cu|затворение}}
* {{l|cu|затворити}}
* {{l|cu|злотворити}}
* {{l|cu|именотворие}}
* {{l|cu|лицетворие}}
* {{l|cu|лицетворити}}
* {{l|cu|отворити}}
* {{l|cu|оутворити}}
* {{l|cu|потворение}}
* {{l|cu|потворити}}
* {{l|cu|притворити}}
* {{l|cu|прѣтворити}}
* {{l|cu|растворение}}
* {{l|cu|растворити}}
* {{l|cu|рѫкотворение}}
* {{l|cu|рѫкотворенъ}}
* {{l|cu|сътворение}}
* {{l|cu|сътворити}}
* {{l|cu|творение}}
* {{l|cu|творитель}}
* {{l|cu|творьць}}
* {{l|cu|чаротворие}}
* {{l|cu|чаротворьць}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворение}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворивъ}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворие}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворити}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворьство}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворьць}}
{{bottom}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top3}}
* {{l|cu|затварѣти}}
* {{l|cu|оутварь}}
* {{l|cu|оутварѣти}}
* {{l|cu|притварѣти}}
* {{l|cu|притворъ}}
* {{l|cu|растварѣти}}
* {{l|cu|растворъ}}
* {{l|cu|сътварѣти}}
* {{l|cu|тварь}}
* {{l|cu|творъ}}
* {{l|cu|чюдотворъ}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bg|творя}}
* {{desc|ru|творить}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|тво̀рити|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|tvòriti|sclang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite book|first=Franz|last=Miklosich|title=Lexicon linguae Slovenicae. Veteris dialecti|location=Vienna|year=1850|url=https://archive.org/details/lexiconlinguaesl00mikl}}
* {{cite book|first=Андрей|last=Бояджиев|title=Старобългарска читанка|location=София|year=2016|url=https://archive.org/details/sns_dg_abv_20181014_0913}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*tvoriti}},{{inh+|sh|ine-bsl-pro|*twárīˀtei}},{{inh+|sh|ine-pro|*twerH-}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/tʋǒriti/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|тво|ри|ти}}
===動詞===
{{sh-verb|тво̀рити|impf}}
# {{lb|sh|及物}} [[創造]],[[製作]],[[生產]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|pr.va=тво̀ре̄ћи
|vn=тво̀ре̄ње
|pr.1s=творим
|pr.2s=твориш
|pr.3s=твори
|pr.1p=творимо
|pr.2p=творите
|pr.3p=творе
|f1.hr=творит
|f1.stem=твори
|impf.1s=творах
|impf.2s=твораше
|impf.3s=твораше
|impf.1p=творасмо
|impf.2p=творасте
|impf.3p=твораху
|impt.2s=твори
|impt.1p=творимо
|impt.2p=творите
|app.ms=творио
|app.fs=творила
|app.ns=творило
|app.mp=творили
|app.fp=твориле
|app.np=творила
|ppp.ms=творен
|ppp.fs=творена
|ppp.ns=творено
|ppp.mp=творени
|ppp.fp=творене
|ppp.np=творена
}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col4|sh
|кривотво̀рити
|обоготво̀рити
|отво̀рити
|оживотво̀рити
|потво̀рити
|претво̀рити
|притво̀рити
|раство̀рити
|рашчетво̀рити
|ство̏р
|ство̀рити
|тво́рац
|тво́рница
|утво̀рити
|затво̀рити
}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|sla-pro|*tvoriti}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|твори́ти}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{uk-verb|твори́ти|impf|pf=створи́ти}}
# {{lb|uk|及物}} [[創造]],[[製作]],[[生產]]
====變位====
{{uk-conj|твори́ти<4c.impf.tr.-ppp>}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|uk|ство́рювати}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der2|uk
|{{l|uk|тво́рення|g=n}}
|{{l|uk|твори́тися|g=impf}}
}}
{{der2|uk|title=帶前綴動詞
|{{l|uk|відтво́рювати|g=impf}}、{{l|uk|відтвори́ти|g=pf}}
|{{l|uk|перетво́рювати|g=impf}}、{{l|uk|перетвори́ти|g=pf}}
|{{l|uk|ство́рювати|g=impf}}、{{l|uk|створи́ти|g=pf}}
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sla-pro|*po tomь|*-ъkъ}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*potomъkъ}}
# [[後裔]]
#: {{ant|sla-pro|*perdъkъ}}
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|g=m}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col3|sla-pro|title=名詞|*potomьstvo}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|потомъкъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|потомокъ|alt=пото́мокъ}}
**** {{desc|be|пато́мак}}
**** {{desc|uk|пото́мок}}
*** {{desc|ru|пото́мок}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|пото́мък}}
** {{desc|mk|потомок}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|по̀томак|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|pòtomak|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|potómec}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|potomek}}
*** {{desc|cs|potomek}}
**** 波西米亞 {{a|sla-pro|Chod 方言}}:{{l|cs|potomek}}
** {{desc|pl|potomek}}
** {{desc|sk|potomok}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|potomnik|der=1}}
*** {{desc|hsb|potomс}}
**** {{desc|hsb|potomnik|der=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|пото́мок}}
{{C|sla-pro|家庭成員}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sla-pro|*perdъ|*-ъkъ}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*perdъkъ}}
# [[祖先]]
#: {{ant|sla-pro|*potomъkъ}}
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|g=m}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col3|sla-pro|title=形容詞|*perdьnъ}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|прѣдъкъ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱂⱃⱑⰴⱏⰽⱏ|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|прѣдокъ|alt=прѣ́докъ|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|be|про́дак}}
**** {{desc|uk|пре́док}}
*** {{desc|ru|пре́док|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bg|предци|g=p}} {{qualifier|唯複名詞}}
** {{desc|mk|предок}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|пре̏дак|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|prȅdak|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|prẹ̑dnik|der=1}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|přědek}}
*** {{desc|cs|předek}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|przodek}}
*** {{desc|pl|przodek}}
** {{desc|sk|predok}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|пре́док}}
{{C|sla-pro|家庭成員}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{m|sla-pro|*volděti}} 的變體,{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*walˀdā́ˀtei}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁dʰh₁-}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-||統治}}。
===動詞===
{{sla-verb|head=*voldati}}
# [[統治]]
====屈折====
{{sla-conj||-1}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|вало́даць}}
** {{desc|ru|воло́дать|qq=方言}}
** {{desc|uk|воло́дати}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|владати|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|ru|влада́ть|bor=1|qq=棄用}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|вла́дати|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|vládati|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|vlādati}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|vládati}}
*** {{desc|cs|vládat|qq=棄用}}
*** {{desc|zlw-opl|władać|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|pl|władać}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|włodać}}
** {{desc|sk|vládať}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Anikin|воло́дать|152|8}}
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شهری
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{{also|شهري}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
源自 {{compound|fa|شهر|ـی|tr1=šahr|tr2=-i|t1=城市|pos2=相關形容詞後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|š|a|h|r|ī}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-adj|tr=šahri}}
# [[城市]]的
# [[市民]]的
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fa|شهر|tr=šahr}}
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|شہری|sclang=1|tr=śahirī}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始意大利语==
===词源===
源自{{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*óynos}}。
===数词===
{{head|itc-pro|數詞}}
{{enum|itc-pro||*duō|基數詞|1}}
# [[一]]
====后代====
* {{desc|itc-ola|-}} {{desctree|nolang=1|la|oinos}}
* {{desc|osc|𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌖𐌔}}
* {{desc|xum|𐌖𐌍𐌔}}
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اشاره
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{{also|اشارہ|إشارة}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|إِشَارَة}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|išā`ra}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=ešâre|pl=اشارهها|pl2=اشارات|pl2tr=ešârât}}
# [[手勢]];[[訊號]];[[提示]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|اشاره کردن|tr=ešâre kardan}}
* {{l|fa|زبان اشاره|tr=zabân-e ešâre}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|ইশারা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ઇશારો|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|इशारा}}
*: {{desc|ur|اِشارَہ|tr=iśāra}}
* {{desc|mr|इशारा|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਇਸ਼ਾਰਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|اِشارَہ|sclang=1}}
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mocaiardo
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==意大利語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|it|mocaiarro}}
===詞源===
{{slbor|it|ar|مُخَيَّر||選擇}},{{m|ar|خَارَ||選擇}} 的過去分詞。{{doublet|it|moire}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|mocaiàrdo}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|m|-}}
# {{tlb|it|棄用}} [[馬海毛]],[[安哥拉]][[山羊]]身上的[[被毛]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|mocayre|bor=1}}、{{desc|en|mohair|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|fr|moire|slb=1}}、{{desc|fr|mohair|nolang=1|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|it|amoerro|alts=1|slb=1}}、{{desc|it|moire|nolang=1|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|mohair|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ja|モヘア|bor=1|tr=mohea}}
** {{desc|pt|mohair|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ru|мохе́р|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|mohair|bor=1}}
** {{desc|zh|-|der=1}}
*** {{desc|cmn|馬海毛}}/{{desc|cmn|马海毛|tr=mǎhǎimáo|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|yue|馬海毛|tr=maa<sup>5</sup> hoi<sup>2</sup> mou<sup>4</sup>}}
* {{desc|fr|moucayar|bor=1}}、{{desc|fr|moucayard|nolang=1}}、{{desc|fr|mocayar|nolang=1}}、{{desc|fr|mocaiar|nolang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:it:Olivetti}}
* {{R:it:Pianigiani}}
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==俾路支語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|bal|fa-cls|مَسْجِد|tr=masjid}} / {{m|fa|مزگت|tr=mazget}},最终源自{{der|bal|ar|مَسْجِد}}。{{doublet|bal|مسجد|tr1=masjid}}。{{root|bal|ar|س ج د}}
===名詞===
{{bal-noun|g=n|head=مَسِیتّ|tr=masītt}}
# {{lb|bal|伊斯蘭教}} [[清真寺]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:bal:Uppsala University}}
{{c|bal|宗教場所}}
==古旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-opa|ar|س ج د}}
{{dercat|inc-opa|arc}}
{{slbor|inc-opa|ar|مَسْجِد|tr=masjid}},源自{{bor|inc-opa|fa-cls|مسجد|tr=masjid}} / {{m|fa-cls|مزگت|tr=mazgit}}。亦對照{{cog|inc-ohi|मसीति}}、{{cog|omr|𑘦𑘭𑘲𑘝𑘲}} 等可能有相同來源的詞。
===名詞===
{{inc-opa-noun|g=f|gur=ਮਸੀਤਿ|tr=masīti|head=مَسِیت}}
# [[清真寺]]
#* 12世紀,Bābā Farīd Ganj śakar, Bait 194
#*: {{lang|pa|فریدا ایسا ہوءِ رہو ، جیسا ککھ '''مَسِیت'''}}
#*: ''farīdā aisā ho'i raho , jaisā kakkh '''masīti'''''
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pa||alt=masīt}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਮਸੀਤ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مَسِیت|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:inc-opa:Farid|21}}
* {{cite-book<!--
-->|title=A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki<!--
-->|language=en<!--
-->|entry={{lang|pa|مسیت}}<!--
-->|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG<!--
-->|year=2019<!--
-->|page=80<!--
-->|volume=4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series<!--
-->|pageurl=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ajrEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=mas%C4%ABt+masjid&source=bl&ots=831JdxR7Es&sig=ACfU3U3yVxB8L4lk2-pIAGnkJ7x-rcwatA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjcpaT6h_voAhX6XRUIHYw3COMQ6AEwA3oECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=mas%C4%ABt&f=false<!--
-->}}
{{c|inc-opa|伊斯蘭教|宗教場所}}
==旁遮普語==
{{wikipedia|lang=pnb}}
===詞源===
首次在文獻中的記錄為{{inh|pa|inc-opa|مَسِیت|tr=masīti}}。對照{{cog|mr|मशीद}}、{{cog|raj|मसीद|tr=masīd}}。{{doublet|pa|مَسْجِد}}。{{root|pa|ar|س ج د}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|pa|/mə.siːt̪ə̆/|a=}}
* {{rhymes|pa|iːt̪|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pa|مَ|سِیت}}
===名詞===
{{pa-noun|f|gur=ਮਸੀਤ|head=مَسِیت}}
# {{lb|pa|伊斯蘭教}} [[清真寺]]
#* {{quote-book|1=pa|year=1993|volume=2|author=Anvar ʻAlī|title=Nūrī|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=O2u5AAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA&dq=%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjN5s3Y0IbzAhUZEcAKHQMGCLk4ChDoAXoECAcQAg|ISBN=9789694111346|page=100|text="ایہنوں '''مسیت''' وچ وڑݨ نہیں دینا چاہِدا"۔|t=「他不准進入'''清真寺'''。」|tr=ehnūṉ '''masīt''' vicc vaṛaṇ nahīṉ denā cāhidā.}}
#: {{syn|pa|مَسجِد|نَماز گاہ|}}
====變格====
{{pnb-noun-f-c|مَسِیت}}
====同類詞彙====
* {{l|pa|گِرجا}}、{{l|pa|مَنْدِر}}、{{l|pa|گُرُدْوارَہ}}、{{l|pa|عِبادَت گاہ}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|pa|مَسِیتی}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pa:Punjabi University}}
* {{R:pnb:Salah|مسِیت}}
{{c|pa|宗教場所}}
==沙拉基語==
{{wikipedia|lang=skr}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|skr|fa-cls|مَسْجِد|tr=masjid}} / {{m|fa|مزگت|tr=mazget}}(比較{{noncog|inc-opa|مَسِیت|tr=masīti}}),最终源自{{der|skr|ar|مَسْجِد}}。{{doublet|skr|مَسْجِد}}。{{root|skr|ar|س ج د}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|skr|/mə.siːt̪/}}
===名詞===
{{skr-noun|g=f|head=مَسِیت|dev=मसीत}}
# {{lb|skr|伊斯蘭教}} [[清真寺]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|skr|مَسِیتَر||清真寺常客}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:skr:Jatki|287}}
{{c|skr|宗教場所}}
sepplhse43ojghfqpkpzrvwp60xapr1
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|sla-pro|*pěti|*-vati}}。
===動詞===
{{sla-verb|a=impf}}
# [[唱歌]]
====變位====
{{sla-conj|impf|-1}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*sъpěvati}}<ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=spev|passage=iz *sъpě̋vati}}</ref>、{{l|sla-pro|*vъzpěvati}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*pěvъ||吟詠,吟唱}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|be|спява́ць|der=1}}
** {{desc|ru|пева́ть}}
** {{desc|uk|співа́ти|der=1}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|пѣвати}}
** {{desc|bg|пева}} {{qualifier|方言}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|пје̏вати|пе̏вати|пи̏вати}}
**: {{desc|sh|sclang=1|pjȅvati|pȅvati|pȉvati}}
** {{desc|sl|pẹ́vati}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|zpívat}}
** {{desc|csb|spiéwac}}
** {{desc|pl|śpiewać}}
** {{desc|szl|śpiywać}}
** {{desc|sk|spievať}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:uk:ESUM|співaти}}
{{c|sla-pro|唱歌}}
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==古教會斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cu|sla-pro|*napisati}}。
===動詞===
{{cu-verb|pf}}
# [[寫]]
====變位====
{{cu-conj-present|напишѫ|напише}}
或
{{cu-conj-present|написаѭ|написаѥ}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ru|написать}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|напи́сати|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|napísati|sclang=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* [https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol_base_form_dictionary/ocsol/13 Old Church Slavonic: Base Form Dictionary]
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*napisati}}。等價於{{prefix|sh|на|писати}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sh|/napǐːsati/}}
* {{hyphenation|sh|на|пи|са|ти}}
===動詞===
{{sh-verb|напи́сати|pf}}
# {{lb|sh|及物}} [[寫]]
====變位====
{{sh-conj|sc=Cyrl
|p.va=напи́са̄вши
|pr.1s=напишем
|pr.2s=напишеш
|pr.3s=напише
|pr.1p=напишемо
|pr.2p=напишете
|pr.3p=напишу
|f1.hr=написат
|f1.stem=написа
|a.1s=написах
|a.2s=написа
|a.3s=написа
|a.1p=написасмо
|a.2p=написасте
|a.3p=написаше
|impt.2s=напиши
|impt.1p=напишимо
|impt.2p=напишите
|app.ms=написао
|app.fs=написала
|app.ns=написало
|app.mp=написали
|app.fp=написале
|app.np=написала
|ppp.ms=написан
|ppp.fs=написана
|ppp.ns=написано
|ppp.mp=написани
|ppp.fp=написане
|ppp.np=написана
}}
==烏克蘭語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|uk|sla-pro|*napisati}}。等價於{{af|uk|на-|писа́ти}}。
===發音===
* {{uk-IPA|написа́ти}}
* {{audio|uk|Uk-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|音頻}}
===動詞===
{{uk-verb|написа́ти|pf|impf=писа́ти}}
# [[寫]]
====變位====
{{uk-conj|написа́ти<6c.pf.tr.ppp>}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:uk:SUM-11}}
* {{R:uk:SUM-20}}
* {{R:uk:Horokh}}
* {{R:uk:Kyiv}}
* {{R:uk:Slovnyk}}
{{c|uk|書寫}}
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{{also|excavó}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|excavar}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{prefix|la|ex|cavō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|excavō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|excavō}}
# [[挖掘]];[[挖空]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|excavō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|escavar}}
* {{desc|ca|excavar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|excavate|excave}}
* {{desc|fr|excaver|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|sgjavâ}}
* {{desc|gl|escavar}}
* {{desc|it|scavare}}
* {{desc|pt|escavar}}
* {{desc|ro|excava|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rm|stgavar}}
* {{desc|scn|scavari}}
* {{desc|es|escavar}}、{{desc|es|excavar|nolang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|escavar|scavar}}
* {{desc|wa|schaver}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|excavar}}
5qp3ws8o5lbfxfg43pn0b2r53z5k4h6
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{{also|Fraxinus}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*fraksinos}},{{inh+|la|ine-pro||*bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos}},{{m|ine-pro|*bʰerHǵós||樺樹}} 的形容詞。與{{cog|sa|भूर्ज||糙皮樺|tr=bhūrjá}}、{{cog|en|birch}}、{{cog|ru|берёза}}同源。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-fraxinus.ogg|音頻 (古典)}}
[[File:Fraxinus excelsior 001.jpg|thumb|fraxinus(梣樹)]]
===名詞===
{{la-noun|fraxinus<2>|g=f}}
# [[梣樹]]
#* {{Q|la|Pliny the Elder|Naturalis Historia|16|30|quote=montes et valles diligit abies, robur, castaneae, tilia, ilex, cornus. aquosis montibus gaudent acer, '''fraxinus''', sorbus, tilia, cerasus.|trans=山区和山谷长满冷杉、橡树、板栗、椴树、猩红橡树、山茱萸。潮湿的山上盛产枫树、'''梣樹'''、花楸树、椴树和樱桃树。}}
# 梣木做的[[長矛]]或[[標槍]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|fraxinus<2>}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|fraxineus}}
* {{l|la-med|fraxinētum}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語:
** {{desc|rup|frapsin}}
** {{desc|ro|frasin|alts=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|frassino}}
**: 中部方言:{{desc|it|frassu|frasano|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|nap|frasso|frassono}}
** {{desc|scn|fràscinu|fràssinu}}
*** {{desc|mt|fraxxnu|bor=1}}
* 北意大利語支:
** {{desc|fur|frassin}}
** {{desc|lld|frasen}}
** {{desc|lij|frasciu}}
** {{desc|pms|frasu|fraisu}}
** {{desc|rm|fraissen|fraischen|fressen}}
** {{desc|vec|fràsene|fràsino}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|freixe}}
** {{desc|frp|frâno|frîno|freno}}
** {{desc|oc|fraisse}}
** {{desctree|fro|fraisne}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|fraxino|fraxen|freixen}}
**: 里巴戈薩:{{l|an|freixe}}
** {{desc|roa-ole||-}}
*** {{desc|ast|freisnu}}
*** {{desc|ext|fresnu}}
**** {{desc|fax|fresnu|bor=1|unc=1}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|freisnu}}
*** {{desc|mwl|frezno}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|freixo|freyxo}}
*** {{desc|gl|freixo}}
*** {{desc|pt|freixo}}
** {{desc|osp|fresno|freisno|frexno|frexeno}}
*** {{desc|es|fresno}} {{see desc}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** 古{{desc|co|*frassu}}
*** {{desc|co|frassu}}
** {{desc|sc|frassu}}
* 古代借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|sq|frashër}}
* 古典借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|unc=1|el|φράξος}}
** {{desc|ia|fraxino|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|fraxinus}}
# [[梣]]木的
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Metamorphoses|7|677|thru=678|quote={{...}}certe si '''fraxinus''' esset, fulva colore foret {{...}}|trans=如果是'''梣木做的'''话,肯定是黄色的}}
====變格====
{{la-adecl|fraxinus}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:roa:AIS|il frassino|588}}
* {{R:FEW|3|771|fraxĭnus}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Smith's Geography}}
{{c|la|樹}}
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{{also|خدا|حدا}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{adverbial accusative|ar|جِدّ|gloss=嚴重,嚴肅}},源自詞根{{ar-root|ج د د}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|جِدًّا}}
===副詞===
{{ar-adv|جِدًّا}}
# [[非常]],[[極其]]
===參見===
* {{l|ar|لِلْغَايَةِ}}
==阿塞拜疆語==
===形容詞===
{{head|az|形容詞|head='''جدا'''|tr=cüda}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|cüda|t=分離的;孤立的}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ota|fa-cls|جُدا|tr=judā}}。
====形容詞====
{{head|ota|形容詞|tr=cüdâ}}
# [[分隔]]的
# [[分離]]的
# [[孤立]]的
===詞源2===
源自{{der|ota|ar|جِدًّا}},{{m|ar|جِدّ}}的副詞性賓格。
{{root|ota|ar|ج د د}}
====副詞====
{{head|ota|副詞|head=جداً|tr=cidden}}
# [[非常]],[[極其]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|cidden}}
===詞源3===
源自{{der|ota|xng|ᠵᠢᠳᠠ}},對比現代{{cog|mn|жад}}。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=cida}}
# [[矛]];[[長槍]] {{C|ota|武器}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:NewRedhouse|cidden}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|جداً|page=435b}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|جدا|page=435b}}
==波斯語==
===詞源1===
{{inh+|fa|pal|ywdtʾk'|tr=ǰudāg|t=分離的;不同的}},最終{{inh+|fa|iir-pro|*yaw-|*yutás|分離的}}。
====發音====
{{fa-IPA|ju`dā}}
====形容詞====
{{fa-adj|head=جُدا|tr=jodâ}}
# [[分隔]]的
# [[分離]]的
# [[孤立]]的
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|fa|جدا شدن|tr=jodâ šodan}}
* {{l|fa|جدا کردن|tr=jodâ kardan}}
* {{l|fa|جداگانه|tr=jodâ-gâne}}
* {{l|fa|جدایی|tr=jodâyi}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|cüda|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|જુદું|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|जुदा}}
*: {{desc|ur|جُدا|tr=judā}}
* {{desc|ota|جدا|tr=cüdā|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tr|cüda|inh=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਜੁਦਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جُدا|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ug|جۇدا|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|fa|ar|جِدًّا}}。
====發音====
* {{fa-IPA|jiddan}}
====副詞====
{{head|fa|副詞|tr=jeddan|head=جِدّاً}}
# [[非常]],[[極其]]
====參考資料====
* {{R:fa:Steingass}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|جدا|tr=judā|t=分離的,分開的}}。
對照{{cog|pa|جُدا}} / {{m|pa|ਜੁਦਾ}}、{{cog|gu| જુદું}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|judā}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-جُدا.wav|音頻 (巴基斯坦)}}
* {{rhyme|ur|ɑː|s=2}}
===形容詞===
{{ur-adj|head=جُدا|tr=judā|hi=जुदा}}
# [[分離]]的,[[分開]]的
#: {{syn|ur|الگ|tr1=alag}}
# [[不同]]的,[[無關]]的
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ur|جُدائی|tr=judā'ī}}
* {{l|ur|جُدا گَر|tr=judā-gar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
* {{R:ur:Platts}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
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==阿塞拜疆語==
===名詞===
{{head|az|名詞}}
# {{spelling of|az|阿拉伯文|dağ|t=[[山]]}}
====變格====
{{az-noun-arab-c|a}}
==喀喇汗語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|xqa|ذاغْ}}
===副詞===
{{head|xqa|副詞|head=داغ|tr=dāg}}
# {{lb|xqa|阿胡語}} [[不]],[[非]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|klj|dâğ}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
* {{t:r:xqa:DLT|vol=III|page=153}}
==哈拉吉語==
===副詞===
{{head|klj|副詞|tr=dâğ}}
# {{spelling of|klj|阿拉伯文|dâğ|t=[[不]],[[非]]}}
===注釋===
* Ölmez 中作 دق。
===參考資料===
* Ölmez, Mehmet. (1995) "Halaçlar ve Halaçça" [哈拉吉人與哈拉吉語] Çağdaş Türk Dili, Ankara, 84, p. 22.
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[dɑɣ]|[dɑː]}}
* {{IPA|ota|[dɑɡ]|a=西魯米利亞}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ota|trk-pro|*tāg}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=dağ}}
# [[山]]
=====其他形式=====
* {{alter|ota|طاغ|tr1=dağ}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|gag|daa|t=森林}}
* {{desc|tr|dağ}}
* {{desc|bg|даг|bor=1}} {{qualifier|方言}}
* {{desc|lzz|დაღი|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ota|fa|داغ|tr=dâğ}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=dağ}}
# [[燒灼]]後留下的[[痕跡]];[[烙印]]
# {{lb|ota|比喻}} [[悲傷]],[[痛苦]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|dağ}}
==波斯語==
{{fa-regional|داغ|داغ|доғ}}
===詞源===
同源詞包括{{cog|ae|𐬛𐬀𐬖𐬀|t=烙印;疤痕,斑点}}、{{cog|sa|दाह|t=燃烧,热}}。與{{inh|fa|pal||tr=dcytn'|ts=dazīdan|t=燒}}有關,{{inh+|fa|ira-pro|*dáǰatī}},{{inh+|fa|iir-pro|*dʰáǰʰati}},{{inh+|fa|ine-pro|*dʰégʷʰeti}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|dāğ}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-adj|tr=dâğ|c=+}}
# [[熱]]的
#: {{ux|fa|.چای '''داغ''' است|tr=čây '''dâğ''' ast.|t=茶很'''熱'''。}}
===副詞===
{{head|fa|副詞|tr=dâğ}}
# 令人[[興奮]]的
#: {{ux|fa|برایت خبری '''داغ''' دارم.|tr=barâyat xabari '''dâğ''' dâram.|t=我有一個'''激動人心的'''消息要告訴你。}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=dâğ}}
# [[燒灼]]後留下的[[痕跡]];[[烙印]]
# {{lb|fa|轉義}} [[污點]],[[斑點]];[[瑕疵]];[[瘢痕]]
#: {{hyper|fa|نشان|tr=nešân}}
# [[烙鐵]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hy|դաղ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|as|দাগ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|dağ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|দাগ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|დაღი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|ડાઘો|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:dāġ
*: {{desc|hi|दाग़|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|ur|داغ}}
* {{desc|mai|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|दाग|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒠𑒰𑒑|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|omr||alt=ḍāga|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|डाग|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘚𑘰𑘐|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mr|डाग}}
* {{desc|ota|داغ|tr=dağ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଦାଗ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-opa|ਦਾਗੁ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਦਾਗ਼|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|داغ|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fa:Steingass}}
* {{R:fa:Vullers|L|I|pages=792–793}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|داغ|tr=dāğ}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|dāġ}}
* {{rhyme|ur|ɑːɣ|s=1}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|tr=dāġ|hi=दाग़}}
# [[污點]],[[斑點]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts}}
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{{also|طرف دار}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{af|fa|طرف|tr1=taraf|ـدار|tr2=-dâr}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|t|a|r|a|f|d|ā|r}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|طرفدار|طرفدار|тарафдор}}
{{fa-noun|tr=tarafdâr|head=طَرَفدار|pl=طَرَفداران|pltr=tarafdârân}}
# [[支持者]],[[追隨者]]
#: {{uxi|fa|طرفدار آمریکا|tr='''tarafdâr'''-e âmrikâ|t=美國的'''支持者'''}}
# [[粉絲]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|tərəfdar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|طرفدار|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|تەرەپدار}}
** {{desc|uz|tarafdor}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|तरफ़दार}}
*: {{desc|ur|طرف دار|tr=taraf dār}}
* {{desc|ota|طرفدار|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|taraftar}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਤਰਫਦਾਰ|tr=taraphdār}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|طرف دار|tr=taraf dār}}
* {{desc|tk|tarapdar|bor=1}}
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{{also|طرق|ظرف}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ط ر ف}}。
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|طَرْف|m}}
# [[眼睛]]
# [[看]],[[瞥]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|طَرْف}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|طَرَف|m|pl=أَطْرَاف}}
# [[邊緣]],[[邊界]];[[端]]
# [[邊]],[[側]]
# [[區域]],[[分區]]
# [[一點]] {{qualifier|{{m|ar|مِن}}:……的一點}}
# [[肢體]]
# [[參與]]方
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|طَرَف|pl=أَطْرَاف}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mt|tarf}}
* {{desc|az|tərəf|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|তরফ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|тараф|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|طرف|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|تەرەپ}}
** {{desc|uz|taraf}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|तरफ़}}
*: {{desc|ur|طرف}}
** {{desc|en|taraf|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|тарап|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ms|taraf|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|taraf}}
* {{desctree|ota|طرف|tr=taraf|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|طرف|tr=taraf|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਤਰਫ਼}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|طرف}}
* {{desc|tk|tarap|bor=1}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|ota|ar|طَرَف}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=taraf}}
# [[邊緣]],[[邊界]];[[端]]
#: {{uxi|ota|بر طرفدن|tr=bir tarafdan|t=從一邊}}
# [[區域]],[[分區]]
# [[地方]]
# [[爭執]]的[[一方]]
#: {{uxi|ota|طرف طوتمق|tr=taraf tutmak|t=選邊站}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|taraf}}
* {{desc|hy|թարաֆ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|taraf|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|taraf}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1237}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|طَرَف}}。{{root|fa|ar|ط ر ف}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|ta`raf}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|طرف|طرف|тараф}}
{{fa-noun|tr=taraf}}
# [[邊]],[[側]]
# [[區域]]
# [[方向]]
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
最终源自{{der|ur|ar|طَرَف}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|taraf}}
* {{rhyme|ur|əf|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|طَ|رَف}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=طَرَف}}
# [[邊]],[[側]]
# [[方向]]
==烏修基語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ush|ur|طرف|tr=taraf}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=taraf}}
# [[邊]],[[側]]
# [[方向]]
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{{also|عادة}}
==阿拉伯語==
===動詞===
{{ar-verb form|+عاد<I>}}
# {{inflection of|ar|عَادَ||3|f|s|past|actv}}
==馬來語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ms|ar|عَادَة||習慣}},源自動詞{{m|ar|عَوْدَ||屬於,適合於}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ms|/adat/}}
* {{rhymes|ms|adat|dat|at}}
===名詞===
{{ms-noun|r=adat}}
# [[習俗]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|en|adat|gloss=傳統馬來風俗}}
* {{desc|iba|adat}}
* {{desc|id|adat}}
{{bottom}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|عَادَة}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=adet}}
# [[習俗]];[[習慣]];[[傳統]];[[儀式]]
# [[月經]],[[經期]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ota|عادتا|tr=adeta|pos=adv}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|âdet}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|adet}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|аде́т}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|adet}}
* {{desc|el|αντέτι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|адет}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|адет}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|adet}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|عَادَة}}。
===發音===
* {{fa-IPA/old|'|ā|d|a|t}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|عادت|عادت|одат}}
{{fa-noun|tr='âdat|pl=عادات|pltr='âdât|pl2=عادتها|pl2tr='âdat-hâ}}
# [[風俗]]
# [[習慣]]
# [[方式]]
# [[模式]]
# [[儀式]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|عادتا|عادتاً|tr='âdatan}}
* {{l|fa|عادتی|tr='âdati}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|az|adət}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hi|आदत}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kls|adat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kk|әдет}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ky|адат}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tk|adat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ur|عادت|tr=ādat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|odat}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|عادت|tr='ādat}},源自{{der|ur|ar|عَادَة}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|ādat}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-عادت.wav|音頻 (巴基斯坦)}}
* {{rhyme|ur|ət̪|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|tr=ādat|pl=عادات|hi=आदत}}
# [[風俗]]
# [[習慣]]
# [[方式]]
# [[模式]]
# [[儀式]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ur|عادتا|عادتاً|tr=ādatan}}
* {{l|ur|عادتی|tr=ādatī}}
==烏修基語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ush|ur|عادت|tr=ʿādat}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=ʿādat}}
# [[風俗]]
# [[習慣]]
# [[方式]]
# [[模式]]
# [[儀式]]
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==印地語==
{{wikipedia|lang=hi}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|hi|sa|नियम}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|m|ur=نیم}}
# [[規則]];[[原則]];[[法律]]
#: {{hi-x|यह '''नियम''' नहीं लगता है।|這條'''規則'''不適用。}}
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|hi|क़ायदा}}
* {{l|hi|उसूल}}
====參考資料====
* {{cite-web|title=A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English|author=John T. Platts|accessdate=08-13-2012|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.9:1:925.platts}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite-web|title=Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary|author=Hardev Bahri|accessdate=08-13-2012|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:5387.bahri}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
==馬拉地語==
{{wikipedia|lang=mr}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|mr|sa|नियम}}。
===發音===
* {{mr-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# [[規則]];[[法律]]
#: {{syn|mr|कायदा}}
====變格====
{{mr-noun-c-m|नियम|niyam}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:mr:Berntsen}}
* {{R:mr:Molesworth}}
* {{R:mr:Vaze}}
==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sa|नि-|यम्}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=3}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=niyamá|g=m}}
# [[限制]],[[控制]],[[阻止]]
# [[規則]];[[法律]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|niyamá}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pi|niyama}}
* {{desc|hi|नियम|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|নিয়ম|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|ਨਿਆਂ|t=正義}}、{{m|pa|ਨੇਮ|t=規則}}、{{desc|pa|ਨਿਯਮ|nolang=1|lbor=1}}
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مثلا
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{{also|مثلاً}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{adverbial accusative|ar|مَثَل|gloss=[[例子]]}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|مَثَلًا}}
===副詞===
{{ar-adv|مَثَلًا}}
# [[比如]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|məsələn|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|мәҫәлән|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|مثلا|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|مەسەلەن}}
** {{desc|uz|masalan}}
* {{desc|crh|meselâ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|мәселен|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|مثلا|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|mesela}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਮਸਲਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مَثَلاً|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ps|مثلا|tr=masalan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|مَثَلاً|tr=masalan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|мәсәлән|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|meselem|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|مَثَلاً|tr=masalan|bor=1}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|مَثَلًا}}。{{root|ota|ar|م ث ل}}
===副詞===
{{head|ota|副詞|tr=mesela}}
# [[比如]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|mesela}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=1742}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|ar|مَثَلاً}}。{{root|ps|ar|م ث ل}}
===副詞===
{{head|ps|副詞|head=مَثَلاً|tr=masalan}}
# [[比如]]
===延伸閱讀===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122133228/https://qamosona.com/G/index.php?a=srch&id_srch=d61251ce81435ab5aaae9e6f995fea08 "مثلاً", ''Qamosona.com'']
==波斯語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|fa|مثلن|tr=masalan||非標準}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|مَثَلًا}},源自{{m|ar|مَثَل}}的副詞性賓格。{{surf|fa|مثل|tr1=masal|ـاً<tr:-an>}}。{{root|fa|ar|م ث ل}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|masalan}}
===副詞===
{{fa-regional|مثلا|مثلا|масалан}}
{{head|fa|副詞|head=مَثَلاً|tr=masalan}}
# [[比如]]
==旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|pa|ar|مَثَلاً}}。{{root|pa|ar|م ث ل}}
===副詞===
{{pa-adv|head=مَثَلاً|gur=ਮਸਲਨ}}
# [[比如]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pnb:Salah|مثلاً}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|م ث ل}}
===詞源===
{{lbor|ajp|ar|مَثَلًا}}。
===副詞===
{{ajp-adverb|tr=masalan}}
# {{alternative form of|ajp|متلا|tr=matalan|t=比如}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|ar|مَثَلًا}}。{{root|ur|ar|م ث ل}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|masalan}}
===副詞===
{{ur-adv|head=مَثَلاً}}
# [[比如]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:Platts|مثلاً}}
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==卡拜爾語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|kab|ddunnit}}
===詞源===
源自{{bor|kab|ar|دُنْيَا}}的早期借詞。{{dbt|kab|ddenya}}。
===發音===
* {{kab-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# [[世界]],[[地球]]
#: {{syn|kab|ddenya|amaḍal}}
# [[凡世]],[[塵世]];此生的[[生活]]
#: {{syn|kab|ddenya}}
#: {{ant|kab|laxert}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
==里菲安語==
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# {{alt form|rif|ddunect}}
==施盧赫語==
===詞源===
{{ety|shi|:inh|shi-med:الدّونيت<tr:eddunit>|tree=+|text=:ar}}
===發音===
* {{shi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{shi-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# [[塵世]],我們[[現在]][[生活]]的[[世界]](與[[天堂]]或[[來生]]相對)
#: {{ant|shi|lixrt}}
#: {{uxa|shi|ايمّيم وايدا ن الدّونيت، ميش يوالاتيد [[alili|وليلي]]، نغ يرا الرّوح ا يفّوغ، آوينك س لقبرِ.|tr=immim wayda n ddunit, mic iwala t id-i ulili, nɣ ira rruḥ a iffuɣ, awin k s lqbr-i.|這世界上的財物是甜蜜的,但它們留下了夾竹桃的味道;因為靈魂必須離開這個較低的世界,然後你被抬到你的墳墓。}}
# 世間的[[物品]]
====屈折====
{{shi-infl-noun|ddunit}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|shi
|bu ddunit<t:富人>
|ḥubbu ddunit<t:物質主義的>
}}
===參見===
{{col|shi
|tudrt<t:生活>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:shi:DBTF|I|page=705a}}
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|ddunešt||中里菲安語}}
* {{alter|rif|ddunit||西里菲安語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|دنيا|tr=dunya}},源自{{der|rif|ar|دُنْيَا}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f}}
# [[世界]]
# [[人民]];[[大眾]]
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*laita}},{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*leh₁tóm}}、{{m|ine-pro|*loyt-|t=一年之中的溫暖時節}}。同源詞包括{{cog|sga|laithe|g=n||日,天}}、{{cog|sv|låding}}、{{m|sv|lådig|t=春季}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*lě̀to}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|274|*lě̀to|n. o (a) ‘summer’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|lěto|''a'' summer (NA 115, 133, 143; SA 23, 199; PR 132; MP 24; RPT 111)}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|季節}} [[夏季]]
# [[年]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|lě̀to|ap=a}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|лѣто}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|лѣто}}
**** {{desc|be|ле́та}}
**** {{desc|rue|лї́то}}
**** {{desc|uk|лі́то}}
*** {{desc|ru|ле́то|ле́та|t2=年}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|лѣто}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⰾⱑⱅⱁ}}
** {{desc|bg|ля́то}}
** {{desc|mk|лето}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ле̏то|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|ље̏то}}
**: {{desc|sh|lȅto|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|ljȅto}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|lẹ́to}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|léto}}
*** {{desc|cs|léto}}
*** {{desc|czk|לֵיטוֹ|tr=léto}}
** {{desc|pox|ľotü}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|lato}}
*** {{desc|pl|lato}}
*** {{desc|szl|lato}}
** {{desc|sk|leto}}
**** 波西米亞
*** {{desc|csb|lato}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|latô}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|lěto}}、{{l|dsb|lěćo}}
*** {{desc|dsb|lěto|lěśe}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語:
** {{desc|ro|leat|bor=1}}
====參見====
* {{list:seasons/sla-pro}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|лето}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*lěto|8|15}}
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==德語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|Krappe|g1=f||棄用}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|de|dum|crappe}},源自{{der|de|gem-pro|*krappô|t=鉤子}},指該植物的鉤狀刺。{{doublet|de|Krapfen}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/krap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Krapp.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|m,(e)s.sg}}
# [[茜草]]({{taxlink|Rubia tinctorum|species}})及其製成的顏料
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|m,(e)s.sg}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bg|крап|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pl|krap|bor=1}} {{qualifier|罕用}}
* {{desc|ru|крапп|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}} {{qualifier|方言|罕用}}
*: {{desc|sh|кра̏п|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|krȁp|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|uk|крап|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
{{C|de|茜草科植物|顏料}}
==盧森堡語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|lb|goh|kropf||[鳥類的]嗉囊}},{{inh+|lb|gem-pro|*kruppaz}}。「甲狀腺腫」這個意義來自於原義的延伸。
===發音===
* {{IPA|lb|/kʀɑp/}}
* {{rhymes|lb|ɑp|s=1}}
===名詞===
{{lb-noun|m|Kräpp}}
# {{lb|lb|鳥類的}} [[嗉囊]]
# [[甲狀腺腫]]
{{c|lb|醫學徵象和症狀}}
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{{also|کهربا|كهرباء}}
==海灣阿拉伯語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|afb|كهربة}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|afb|ar|كَهْرَبَاء}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|afb|/kəhrəbə/|a=科威特}}
===名詞===
{{afb-noun|g=f|tr=kəhrəbə}}
# [[電]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|afb|كهربچي|tr=kahrabči}}、{{l|ar|كهربائي|tr=kahrabāʔi|t=電工}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
[[File:Turkish amber - a.JPG|thumb|right|{{lang|ota|كهربا}}|upright=1.3]]
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|كهربار|tr1=kehrübar, kehribar, keherbar|كهلبار|tr2=kehlübar, kehlibar||通俗土耳其語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|کهربا|tr=kahrobâ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|[cɛhɾyˈbɑ]}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=kehrüba}}
# [[琥珀]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|kehribar}}
* {{desc|sq|qelibar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|rup|chihlibare|alt=chihlibáre|bor=1}}、{{l|ro|chehribar|chehribár}}
* {{desc|bg|кехлибар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|κεχριμπάρι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|килибар|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|chihlimbar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ћилѝба̄р|sclang=1|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ćilìbār|sclang=1|alts=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:rup:Polenaković|entry=986. ЌIHLIBÁRE|page=146}}
{{c|ota|寶石}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ك ه ر ب}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|كَهْرَبَاء}},源自{{der|ajp|fa|کهربا|tr=kahrobâ||琥珀}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|kahraba<p:ˈkɑh.rɑ.bɑ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-كهربا.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-noun|g=f|tr=kahraba}}
# [[電]]
# [[X光]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ajp|كهربجي|tr=kahrabji|t=電工}}
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عنوان
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ع ن و}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|عُنْوَان}}
** {{IPA|ary|/ʕun.waːn/|a=摩洛哥}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-عنوان.ogg|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|عُنْوَان|m|head2=عِنْوَان|pl=عَنَاوِين}}
# [[標題]]
# [[地址]]
#: {{ux|ar|اُكْتُب لِي إِلَى عُنْوَانِي.|按我的'''地址'''给我写信。}}
# [[索引]]
# [[皇室]][[簽名]]
# [[前面]]
# [[開始]]
# [[藉口]]
# [[方法]],[[方式]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|عُنْوَان|m|head2=عِنْوَان|pl=عَنَاوِين}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|ünvan|bor=on}}
* {{desctree|ota|عنوان|bor=on}}
* {{desctree|fa|عنوان|bor=on}}
* {{desc|sw|anwani|bor=on}}
** {{desc|irk|anwaani|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|ئۇنۋان|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|unvon|bor=1}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4|عنو}}
==埃及阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|arz|ar|عُنْوَان}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|arz}}
===名詞===
{{arz-noun|g=m|tr=ʿinwān|pl=عناوين|pltr=ʿināwīn}}
# [[稱呼]],[[稱號]]
# [[標題]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|عُنْوَان}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=unvan}}
# [[稱號]],[[頭銜]]
#* {{RQ:Ataturk Nutuk 1927|page=501|passage=عنوانی خلیفه اولسون ، نه اولورسه اولسون هیچ كمسه بو ملتك مقدراتنده مشاركت صاحبی اولهماز.|tr=Unvanı halife olsun, ne olursa olsun hiç kimse bu milletin mukadderatında müşareket sahibi olamaz.}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|unvan<q:棄用>|ünvan|inh=1|der2=1}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|عُنْوَان}}。{{root|fa|ar|ع ن و}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|un`wān}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|head=عُنوان|tr='onvân|pl=عَناوین|pltr='anâvin|pl2=عُنوانها|pl2tr='onvân-hâ}}
# [[標題]]
# [[稱呼]],[[稱號]]
# [[藉口]]
# [[方法]],[[方式]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col2|fa
|به عنوان<tr:be 'onvân-e>
|عنوان کردن<tr:'onvân kardan>
}}
====派生語彙====
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|ur|عنوان}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਅਨਵਾਨ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|tr=anvān|عنوان}}
====參見====
* {{l|fa|سرنامه|tr=sarnâme}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ع ن و}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|عُنْوَان}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|ʕinwān<p:ʕɪnˈwæːn><p:ʕɪnˈwaːn>|ʕunwān<p:ʕʊnˈwæːn><p:ʕʊnˈwaːn>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AmmanM (AdrianAbdulBaha)-عنوان.wav|音頻 (安曼)}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=ʕinwān, ʕunwān|pl=عناوين|pltr=ʕanāwīn}}
# [[稱呼]]
# [[標題]]
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|عنوان|tr='unvān}},{{bor+|ur|ar|عُنْوَان}}。{{root|ur|ar|ع ن و}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|'unvān}}
* {{IPA|ur|/ən.ʋɑːn/|a=口語}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑːn|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|عُن|وان}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=عُنْوان|hi=उनवान|tr=’unvān|pl=عَناوِین}}
# [[標題]]
# [[話題]]
# [[前言]]
# [[介紹]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:UDB|w=168593}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
{{C|ur|大眾媒體}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ع ق ل}}。
===發音 1===
* {{ar-IPA|عَقْل}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-عقل.ogg|音頻}}
* {{IPA|acw|/ʕaɡil/|a=漢志}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|عَقْل|m|pl=عُقُول}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|عَقَلَ|form=I}}
# [[理性]],[[智慧]]
#: {{usex|ar|حَدِّثِ الْعَاقِلَ بِمَا لَا يَلِيقُ، فَإِنْ صَدَّقَ فَلَا '''عَقْلَ''' لَهُ.}}
# [[心智]],[[頭腦]]
# {{lb|ar|基督教}} [[聖靈]]
# [[庇護]]
# [[堡壘]]
# 對[[流血]][[傷人]]行為的[[懲罰]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|عَقْل|pl=عُقُول}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|mt|għaqal}}
* {{desc|az|ağıl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|аҡыл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|আকল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|aqıl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kjh|ағыл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|ақыл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|klj|aqıl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|aqil|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|bor=1|lsd|עאקל|tr=‘āqəl|gloss=思想、智力、智慧}}
* {{desc|ky|акыл|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ms|akal|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|aqil|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa-cls|عقل|tr='aql|bor=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|cjs|ағыл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sw|akili|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|عقل|tr=akl, akıl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|акыл|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|akyl|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|aql|bor=1}}
===發音 2===
* {{ar-IPA|عَقَلَ}}
* {{IPA|acw|/ʕiɡil/|a=漢志}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|i}}
# 用[[繩子]][[拴]];使[[絆倒]]({{m|ar|عِقَال}})
# 有[[道理]]
# [[放棄]]報[[血仇]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|i|vn=عَقْل}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|i}}
# [[隱居]][[高山]];[[投奔]][[避難所]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|i|vn=عَقَل,عُقُول|passive=n}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|a|i}}
# 在長[[駱駝刺]]的地方[[放牧]]({{m|ar|عَاقُول}})
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|a|i|vn=عَقْل|passive=n}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I|i|a}}
# [[後腿]]上有[[纏繞]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I|i|a|vn=عَقَل|passive=n}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|II}}
# 使[[合理]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|عَقَل|m}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|عَقَلَ|form=I}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|عَقِلَ|form=I}}
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|عَقَل}}
==古賈里語==
===詞源===
{{root|gju|ar|ع ق ل}}
{{bor+|gju|fa-cls|عَقل|tr='aql}},源自{{der|gju|ar|عَقْل}}。
===名詞===
{{gju-noun|head=عَقل|tr='aql|g=f}}
# [[智慧]],[[理性]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:gju:Anjum:2018|310}}
* {{R:gju:Rahi:2015|663|column=2|head=عَقلْ}}
==哈拉吉語==
===名詞===
{{head|klj|名詞|head=عَقِل|tr=aqıl|定賓格|عَقلؽ|複數|عَقِللار}}
# {{spelling of|klj|阿拉伯文|aqıl|t=[[智慧]]}}
====變格====
{{klj-arabic-infl-noun-c|ı}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{ary-rootbox|ع ق ل}}
{{inh+|ary|ar|عَقَلَ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ary|/ʕqal/}}
===動詞===
{{ary-verb|I|tr=ʕqal|np=يعقل|nptr=yiʕqal}}
# [[記得]]
====變位====
{{ary-conj-fʕal-yifʕal|ع|ق|ل|ʕ|q|l}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|عَقْل}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=akl, akıl}}
# [[理性]],[[智慧]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|akıl}}
* {{desc|bg|акъ́л|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|акал|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uby|аӄыл|bor=1}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|عَقْل}}。{{root|fa|ar|ع ق ل}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA/old|a|q|l}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|عَقل|عَقل|ақл}}
{{fa-noun|head=عَقل|tr='aql}}
# [[頭腦]],[[智力]]
#* {{RQ:Masnavi|II|1181|شادی اندر گرده و غم در جگر / عقل چون شمعی درون مغز سر|šâdi andar gorde va ğam dar jegar / '''aql''' čon šam'-i darun-e mağz-e sar|喜在肾,悲在肝;'''智力'''[明亮]如蜡烛,在头里的大脑。}}
# [[理智]],[[智慧]]
#* {{quote-book|fa|chapter=fa:عینک طبی|title=fa:کور لعنتی|author={{lang|fa|{{w|lang=fa|خسرو شاهانی}}}}|year=1976|text=تو هم اگر عقل درستی داشتی، روزگارت بهتر از این بود.|tr=to ham agar '''aql'''-e dorost-i dâšti, ruzegâr-et behtar az in bud.|t=如果你头脑够好,你的生活会比这更幸福。}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ahr|अक्कल|bor=1}}
* {{desc|as|আকল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|আকল|bor=1}}
* {{desc|doi||alt=akal|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|अकल|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|𑠀𑠊𑠥|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|gju|عَقل|tr=aqal|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|અક્કલ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-ohi|अकलि|bor=1}}
** 印度斯坦語:aql
**: {{desc|hi|अक़्ल|tr=-}}
**: {{desc|ur|عَقْل|tr=-}}
* {{desc|kn|ಅಕ್ಕಲು|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mai||alt=akil|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|अकिल|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒁𑒏𑒱𑒪|tr=-}}
* {{desc|ml|അക്കല്|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mup|अकल|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|अकल|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅐𑅕𑅮|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mr|अक्कल|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ne|अकल|अक्कल}}
* {{desc|or|ଅକଲ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-opa|ਅਕਲਿ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਅਕ਼ਲ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|عَقل|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd||alt=aqulu|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|عَقُلُ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|अक़ुलु|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑊰𑊺𑋩𑋣𑋚𑋣|sclang=1|tr=-}}
* {{desc|vgr|અક્કલ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vah|अक्कल|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|ع ق ل}}
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|عَقل|tr='aql}},源自{{der|ur|ar|عَقْل}}。最早見於{{inh|ur|inc-ohi|अकलि}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|'aql}}
* {{rhymes|ur|əql|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=عَقْل|tr=‘aql|pl=عُقُول}}
# [[嘗試]]
# [[理性]],[[智慧]]
#: {{syn|ur|سَمَجھ|tr1=samajh}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Fallon||851}}
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts|280}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi||437}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Shakespear||1224}}
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==原始斯拉夫語==
{{number box|sla-pro|2}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*duwō}},{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*dwóh₁||二}}。
===數詞===
{{head|sla-pro|數詞|head=*dъ̏va}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|130|*d(ъ)va|num. ‘two’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|dъva dъvě dъvě|''c'' two (SA 35f., 243f.; PR 139), cf. Table X}}</ref>
# {{cln|sla-pro|基數詞}} [[二]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-pron-hard-dual|dъ|v}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der-top3}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va desęte||二十}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va na desęte||十二}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vě sъtě||二百}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va korti}} / {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va korty||兩次}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va šьdi}} / {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)va šьdy||兩次}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojьťi||兩次}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)věgubь||雙倍}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vogubъ||雙倍}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojakъ||雙倍}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)věnъky}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vęka}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vęčiti}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vigo||兩頭公牛的軛}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vina}}
* {{l|sla-pro||*d(ъ)vigъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vizь}}、{{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)viza}}、{{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vizę}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*dvigati||舉起,抬舉}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojь}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojanъ}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojica}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojiti}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojьka}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*d(ъ)vojьnъ||雙數}}
{{der-bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|дъва|два}}
*** {{desctree|zle-ort|два}}
*** {{desc|ru|два}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|дова|дъва}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|дъва|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰴⱏⰲⰰ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|два}}
** {{desc|mk|два}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|два̑|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|dvȃ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|dvȃ}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|dva}}
*** {{desc|cs|dva}}
** {{desc|csb|dwa}}
** {{desc|pox|dåvo}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|dwa}}
** {{desc|sk|dvaja|dva|dve}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|dvȧ̃}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|dwa}}
*** {{desc|hsb|dwaj}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|два}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|два|232|1}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*d(ъ)va|185|5}}
* {{R:ru:Shansky|два}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|غ ر ض}}。
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|I/i~a.nopass?.vn:غَرَض.ap:+++}}
# [[苦惱]],[[煩惱]]
# [[渴望]]
====變位====
{{ar-conj|I/i~a.nopass?.vn:غَرَض.ap:+++}}
===動詞===
{{ar-verb|II}}
# {{rfdef|ar}}
====變位====
{{ar-conj|II}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|غَرَض|m|pl=أَغْرَاض}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|غَرِضَ|form=I}}
# [[意圖]];[[目標]];[[興趣]]
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|غَرَض|pl=أَغْرَاض}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|qərəz|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|غرض|tr=ğaraz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gu|ગરજ|bor=1}}
** {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|ग़रज़}}
**: {{desc|ur|غرض}}
** {{desc|mr|गरज|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਗਰਜ਼|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|غَرض|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ota|غرض|tr=garaz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|garaz}}
===形容詞===
{{ar-adj|غَرِض}}
# [[苦惱]]的,[[煩惱]]的
====變格====
{{ar-decl-adj|غَرِض|pl=-}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=3|page=269}}
* {{R:ar:Lane|pages=2247–2248}}
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{{see also|غلظ}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|غ ل ط}}
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|غ ل ط}}。
===發音 1===
* {{ar-pr|غَلِطَ}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/i~a.ipass?.vn:غَلَط.ap:+,+an}}
# [[出錯]]
# [[犯錯]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/i~a.ipass?.vn:غَلَط.ap:+,+an}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
===發音 2===
* {{ar-pr|غَلَط}}
** {{IPA|ary|/ɣa.latˤ/|a=摩洛哥}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|غَلَط|m|pl=أَغْلَاط}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|غَلِطَ|form=I}}
# [[錯誤]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|غَلَط|pl=أَغْلَاط}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|mt|għelt}}
* {{desc|hy|ղալաթ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|qələt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ce|гӏалат|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ღალატი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|id|galat|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ms|ralat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|غلط|tr=ġalaṭ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|galat}}
** {{desc|bor=1|axm|ղալաթ|ղալատ}}
*** {{desc|hy|ղալաթ}}
* {{desctree|fa|غلط|tr=ğalat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|ғалат|bor=1}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4}}
====形容詞====
{{ar-adj|غَلَط}}
# [[錯誤]]的
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-adj|غَلَط|pl=-|f=-|d=-}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|ar|غَلَط}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ps|/ɣa.laˈt̪/}}
===形容詞===
{{ps-adj|tr=ǧalat}}
# [[錯誤]]的
#: {{syn|ps|ناسم|tr=nâsëm}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|غَلَط}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|ğa`lat}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-adj|tr=ğalat}}
# [[錯誤]]的
# [[出錯]]的
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=ğalat|pl=غلطها}}
# [[錯誤]]
# [[出錯]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fa|غلطی|tr=ğalati}}
* {{l|fa|پر غلط}}
* {{l|fa|غلط بودن|tr=ğalat budan}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|গলদ|tr1=gôlôd|গলতি|tr2=gôlti|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|ग़लत}}
*: {{desc|ur|غلط|tr=ġalat}}
* {{desc|ps|غلط|tr=ǧalát|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਗਲਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|غلط|tr=ġalat}}
* {{desc|uz|gʻalat|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|غەلەت|bor=1}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|غ ل ط}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|غَلِطَ}}。
====發音====
* {{ajp-IPA|ḡiliṭ<p:ˈɣi.lɪtˤ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-غِلِط.wav|音頻 (盧德)}}
====動詞====
{{ajp-verb|I|tr=ḡiliṭ|pres=بغلط|prestr=biḡlaṭ}}
# [[犯錯]]
#: {{syn|ajp|أخطى|tr=ʔaḵṭa}}
# {{qual|+ {{l|ajp|على}}}} [[冒犯]]
#: {{ux|ajp|[[ما]] [[سمح|تسمح]] [[ل]][[حدا]] [[مين]] [[ما]] [[كان]] [[غلط|يغلط]] [[على|عليك]].|tr=mā tismaḥ la-ḥada mīn mā kān '''yiḡlaṭ''' ʕalēk|t=不要讓任何人'''冒犯'''你,不管他是誰。}}
=====變位=====
{{ajp-conj/A2|غ|ل|ط|ḡ|l|ṭ}}
===詞源2===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|غَلَط}}。
====發音====
* {{ajp-IPA|ḡalaṭ<p:ˈɣɑ.lɑtˤ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Muhammad (AdrianAbdulBaha)-غَلَط.wav|音頻 (拉馬拉)}}
====名詞====
{{ajp-noun|g=m|tr=ḡalaṭ|pl=أغلاط|pltr=ʔaḡlāṭ}}
# [[犯錯]]
#: {{syn|ajp|غلطة|tr=ḡalṭa}}
# [[錯誤]]
#: {{ant|ajp|صحيح|tr1=ṣaḥīḥ|pos1=形容詞|صح|tr2=ṣaḥḥ|pos2=感嘆詞}}
#: {{ux|ajp|[[جواب|الجواب]] [[غلط]].|tr=il-jawāb '''ḡalaṭ'''|t=答案'''錯誤'''。}}
#: {{ux|ajp|[[فهم|فهمت]][[ني]] [[غلط]].|tr=fhemt-ni '''ḡalaṭ'''|t=你理解'''錯'''我的意思了。}}
=====參見=====
* {{l|ajp|غلطان|tr=ḡalṭān|t=錯誤的,犯錯的}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|ar|غَلَط}}。
===形容詞===
{{ur-adj|head=غَلَط|ind=1}}
# [[錯誤]]的
# [[出錯]]的
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|tr=ġalat|g=m|hi=ग़लत}}
# [[錯誤]]
# [[出錯]]
===參見===
* {{l|ur|غلطی|t=誤會,誤解|tr=ġalatī}}
* {{l|ur|غلط فہمی|t=誤解|pos=n|tr=ġalat fahmī}}
* {{l|ur|غلط کرنا|t=做錯|tr=ġalat karnā}}
* {{l|ur|غلط سمجھنا|t=誤解|pos=v|tr=ġalat samajhnā}}
* {{l|ur|غلط ہونا|t=錯誤|tr=ġalat honā}}
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|Machomētus|Mahomētēs|Maomētus}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|ar|مُحَمَّد}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|Mahomētus}}
===專有名詞===
{{la-proper noun|Mahomētus<2>}} {{tlb|la|Medieval Latin|新拉丁語}}
# [[穆罕默德]] {{gloss|伊斯蘭教先知}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|Mahomētus<2>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|frm|Mahomet}}
** {{desc|fr|Mahomet}}
*** {{desc|ru|Магоме́т|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|uk|Магоме́т|bor=1}}
* {{desc|enm|Macomet|bor=1}}、{{desc|enm|Mahomet|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|en|Mahomet}}
* {{desc|pl|Mahomet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|Maometto}}
{{c|la|伊斯蘭教}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===其他重构===
* {{l|sla-pro|*zautra}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*zautrьje}}、{{l|sla-pro|*za utrьje}}
===词源===
源自{{affix|sla-pro|*za|t1=在...期间|*ùtro|alt2=*ùtra|t2=早上,拂晓|pos2=属格单数}}。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|n}}<ref>{{R:uk:EDUL|за́втра|422|2|PS. ''*za-utra''}}</ref><ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|завтра|219|2|псл. ''*za'' + ''*utro'' (''*utra'')}}</ref><ref>{{R:be:ESBM|за́ўтра|307|3|zautra|Прасл. ''*zautra'' / ''*zautrija''}}</ref><ref>{{R:ru:Shaposhnikov|завтра|283|1|праслав. ''*за утра''}}</ref>
# {{lb|sla-pro|原意}} 在[[早上]]
# [[明天]]
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|заутра|завътра|завтра|заутро}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|за́втра|за́втро|за́утра|за́утро|за́втрє|за́йтрє}}
**** {{desc|be|за́ўтра|за́ўтрае}}
**** {{desc|rue|за́втра}}
**** {{desc|uk|за́втра|за́утра|за́втрє|уза́втра|qq3=方言|вза́втра}}
*** {{desc|ru|за́втра|за́утра́|qq2=弃用|за́втре|qq3=方言|за́втро|за́втре|за́втрее|за́втрие}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|заоутра}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|cu|ⰸⰰⱆⱅⱃⰰ}}
** {{desc|mk|заутре}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|за̀јутарју}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|zàjutarje}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|zájtra|záutra}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cs|zítra|zejtra}}
** {{desc|csb|zawitro}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|zajutrze}}
*** {{desc|zlw-mpl|zajutro|zajutrze}}
** {{desc|pox|zojautră|zojaitră|jautră}}
** {{desc|sk|zajtra|zagtra|qq2=弃用|zítra}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|zajtša|zajtšo}}
*** {{desc|hsb|zajutřa}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:ru:ESRJa|за́втра|21|6}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|за́втра|73|2}}
* {{R:ru:Tsyganenko|за́втра|134}}
* {{R:ru:Chernykh|за́втра|313|1}}
* {{R:ru:Preobrazhensky|за́втра|240|1}}
* {{R:ru:Krylov|завтра|140}}
* {{R:ru:Semjonov|завтра}}
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|سنگین|tr=sangin}}。
===形容詞===
{{ota-adj|tr=zengin}}
# [[豐富]]的;[[富餘]]的
#: {{syn|ota|بای|tr=bay}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|zengin}}
* {{desc|sq|zengjin|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ar|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|apc|زَنْكِيل|tr=zangīl}}
*: {{desc|ajp|زَنْكِيل|tr=zankīl}}
* {{desc|bg|зенги́н|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|зенгин|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|zènđil|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|зѐнђил|sclang=1}}
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Венеция
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==俄語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ru}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ru|Вене́ція||ru-PRO}}
===發音===
* {{ru-IPA|Вене́ция}}
===專有名詞===
{{ru-proper noun+|Вене́ция|adj=венециа́нский}}
# {{place|ru|城市|r/威尼托|c/意大利|t1=威尼斯}}
====變格====
{{ru-noun-table|Вене́ция|n=sg}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ru|венециа́нец|g=m}}、{{l|ru|венециа́нин|g=m}} {{qual|古舊}}、{{l|ru|венециа́нка|g=f}}
* {{l|ru|венет}} ({{l|ru|вене́тский}})
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|be|Венеция}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|Венеция}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|Венеција}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Венеција}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Venecija}}
===參見===
* {{l|ru|Ита́лия|g=f}}
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Venetia
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==英語==
===發音===
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Venetia.wav|音頻(南英格蘭)}}
===專有名詞===
{{en-proper noun}}
# {{given name|en|女性|from=拉丁語}},意思有爭議,中世紀晚期開始有使用
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aeeintv|naivete|naiveté|naïvete|naïveté}}
==拉丁語==
{{wikipedia|lang=la}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|Venetiae||威尼斯城}}
===詞源===
源自羅馬佔領前一{{der|la|qfa-sub|-}} {{m|la|Venetī}},為一古代部族名稱。<ref>Istituto Geografico de Agostini, ''Nomi d'Italia'', 2009, {{ISBN|978-88-511-1412-1}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|eccl=yes}}
===專有名詞===
{{la-proper noun|Venetia<1.loc>}}
# 维纳特人的[[部落]]
# {{lb|la|Medieval Latin|新拉丁語}} [[威尼斯]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|Venetia<1.loc>}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|Venetī}}
* {{l|la|venetus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 高盧-意大利語支:
** {{desc|egl|Venêzia}}
** {{desc|lij|Venessia}}
** {{desc|lmo|Venèzia}}
** {{desc|pms|Venessia}}
* 意大利-達爾馬提亞語支:
** {{desc|co|Venezia}}
** {{desc|it|Venezia}}
** {{desc|nap|Venezia}}
** {{desc|scn|Vinezzia}}
* {{desc|fro|Venise}}
** {{desc|frm|Venisse}}
*** {{desctree|fr|Venise}}
** {{desc|nrf|V'nise|Venise}}
** {{desc|pcd|Venise}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|enm|Venyse}}
* {{desc|pro}}
** {{desc|ca|Venècia}}
** {{desc|oc|Venècia}}
* 萊托-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fur|Vignesie}}
** {{desc|lld|Unieja}}
** {{desc|rm|Vaniescha}}、{{desc|rm|Venezia|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|sc|Venetzia}}
* {{desc|vec|Venesia|alts=1}}
* 西伊比利亞語支:
** {{desc|roa-opt}}
*** {{desc|gl|Venecia}}
*** {{desc|pt|Veneza}}
** {{desc|osp}}
*** {{desc|es|Venecia}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|Βενετία}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|Veinéis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|Veneția}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|Венеция}} {{see desc}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|sl|Benetke}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
最終源自{{bor|fa|ar|مَشَى||走路}},可能源自{{bor|fa|ar|تَمَشَّى}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|tamāšā}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|تماشا|تماشا|тамошо}}
{{fa-noun|tr=tamâšâ}}
# [[觀光]]
# 為[[放鬆]]而[[外出]][[散步]]
# [[注視]]
# 看著[[喜劇]]或[[悲劇]]性的事物
# [[娛樂]];[[表演]]
# [[運動]];[[樂趣]]
# [[興趣]]
# 泛指任何[[有趣]]的[[事物]]
====衍生詞====
* {{l|fa|تماشا کردن|tr=tamâšâ kardan}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|hy|թամաշա|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|tamaşa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|তামাশা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|тамаша|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|hi|bor=1|तमाशा}}
* {{desc|id|bor=1|tamasya}}
* {{desc|tt|тамаша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|тамаша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ky|тамаша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|თამაში|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|mr|तमाशा|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਤਮਾਸ਼ਾ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|تماشہ|sclang=1|tr=tamāśā}}
* {{desc|ug|تاماشا|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|bor=1|تماشہ}}
* {{desc|uz|tomosha|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:STEIN|تماشا}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
可能源自{{affix|sla-pro|*zvьněti|alt1=*zvon-|*-kъ}}
===名词===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[声音]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvękъ}}
====派生語彙====
* 教会斯拉夫语:{{l|cu|звукъ}}(俄语)
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|ru|звук}}
** {{desc|rue|звук}}
** {{desc|uk|звук}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|bg|звук}}
** {{desc|mk|звук}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|зву̑к|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|zvȗk|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|zvọ̑k}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|zvuk}}
*** {{desc|cs|zvuk}}
** {{desc|sk|zvuk}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|zuk}}
*** {{desc|hsb|zuk}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|звук}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
见{{m|sla-pro|*zvonъ}}。
===动词===
{{sla-verb|a=impf}}
# [[当啷]][[响]],[[哐当]]响
====变位====
{{sla-conj|impf-intr|-1|-i}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvonъ|gloss=声音}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|звьнѣти}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|звенѣ́ти|звинѣ́ти}}
**** {{desc|be|звіне́ць}}
**** {{desc|uk|дзвені́ти|звені́ти}}
*** {{desc|ru|звене́ть}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|звьнѣти|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰸⰲⱐⱀⱑⱅⰹ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|звъня́}}
** {{desc|sl|zvenẹ́ti}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|zvnieti}}
*** {{desc|cs|znít}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|wznieć|zwnieć|qq1=字母换位}}
** {{desc|sk|znieť}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|dsb|zněś}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|550}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|звенеть}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫语==
===词源===
Pokorny将词根重构为{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ǵʰwon-}}(→{{cog|sq|zë}}),但Derksen坚持词根{{m|ine-pro|*swenh₂-}}(→{{cog|la|sonus}})需要纳入考虑范围。
===名词===
{{sla-noun|head=*zvȍnъ|m}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|550|*zvȏnъ|m. o. (c) ‘sound’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=zvọ̑n|passage=*zvȍnъ}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|zvonъ zvona|''c'' peal, ringing (NA 120)}}</ref>
# [[声音]]
====变格====
{{sla-decl-noun|ap=c}}
====相关词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvьněti||当啷响,哐当响}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvǫkъ}}、{{l|sla-pro|*zvękъ||声音}}
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|sla-pro|*zvoniti}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 东斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|orv|звонъ}}
*** {{desc|be|звон}}
*** {{desc|ru|звон}}
*** {{desc|uk|звін|дзвін}}
* 南斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|звонъ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰸⰲⱁⱀⱏ|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ro|zvon}}
** {{desc|bg|звъ́н}}
** {{desc|mk|ѕвон}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|зво̏н|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|zvȍn|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|zvọ̑n}}
*** Rovte方言{{a|sl|Črni vrh|Idrija}}:{{l|sl|zγȗən}}
* 西斯拉夫语支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|zvon}}
*** {{desc|cs|zvon}}
**** 波西米亚:{{l|cs|zvon}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|zwon}}
*** {{desc|pl|dzwon}}
** {{desc|sk|zvon}}
** 索布语:
*** {{desc|hsb|zvon}}
*** {{desc|dsb|zvon}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫语族:
** {{desc|bor=1|lt|zvãnas}}
** {{desc|bor=1|lv|zvans}}
====延伸阅读====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|звон}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
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Ῥώμη
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{{also|Ρώμη|ῥώμη}}
==古希臘語==
{{wikipedia|Rome}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|grc|la|Rōma}}。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA}}
===專有名詞===
{{grc-proper noun|Ῥώμης|f|first}}
# [[羅馬]]
====屈折====
{{grc-decl|Ῥώμη|ης|form=S}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαΐζω}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαϊκός}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαῖος}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαιότης}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαΐς}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαϊστής}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμαϊστί}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμᾱνός}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|grc|Ῥῶμος}}
* {{l|grc|Ῥώμυλος}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|el|Ρώμη}}
* {{desc|ar|رُومِية|bor=1}}
* {{desc|arc|רומא|bor=1}}
** {{desc|syc|ܪܘܡܐ|tr=Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xcl|Հռովմ|Հռոմ}}
** {{desc|hy|Հռոմ}}
* {{desc|egy|hrm|alt=<hiero>h:r:M-t*t:xAst</hiero>|tr={{l|egy|hrm}}|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xpr|frwm|tr=Frōm}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|pal|𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬|tr=Hrōm|t=羅馬的;東羅馬的}}
* {{desc|sog|-|bor=1}}(“羅馬的;東羅馬的”)
*: {{desc|sog|𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖|ts=frūm, frōm|sc=Mani|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sog|𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺|ts=frūm|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|otk|𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢|ts=purum|t=東羅馬的;希臘的}}
* {{desc|bor=1|zh|拂菻}} {{qual|經由伊朗語支傳入}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:grc:LSJ}}
* {{R:BDAG}}
* {{R:Strong's|G|4516}}
* {{R:grc:Woodhouse}}
{{c|grc|古羅馬}}
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application/json
{
"aa": "阿法爾語",
"aaa": "戈圖奧語",
"aab": "阿魯姆-特蘇語",
"aac": "阿里語 (新幾內亞)",
"aad": "艾瑪語",
"aaf": "阿拉納丹語",
"aag": "安布拉克語",
"aah": "阿布阿拉佩什語",
"aai": "阿黎法瑪-米尼亞菲亞語",
"aak": "安卡維語",
"aal": "阿法德語",
"aan": "阿嫩別語",
"aap": "帕拉阿拉拉語",
"aaq": "佩諾布斯科特語",
"aas": "阿薩語",
"aau": "阿包語",
"aav-khs-pro": "原始卡西語",
"aav-nic-pro": "原始尼科巴語",
"aav-pkl-pro": "原始布那-卡西-林甘語",
"aav-pro": "原始南亞語",
"aaw": "索隆語",
"aax": "曼多波阿塔斯語",
"aaz": "阿馬拉斯語",
"ab": "阿布哈茲語",
"aba": "阿貝語",
"abb": "班孔語",
"abc": "安巴拉埃塔語",
"abd": "北甘馬粦阿埃塔語",
"abe": "阿貝納基語",
"abf": "河邊阿拜語",
"abg": "阿巴加語",
"abh": "塔吉克阿拉伯語",
"abi": "阿比吉語",
"abj": "阿卡-貝阿語",
"abl": "尼奧-楠榜語",
"abm": "亞班永語",
"abn": "阿布亞語",
"abo": "阿邦語",
"abp": "亞本連埃塔語",
"abq": "阿巴扎語",
"abs": "安汶馬來語",
"abt": "安布拉斯語",
"abu": "阿布勒語",
"abv": "巴林阿拉伯語",
"abw": "帕爾語",
"abx": "阿巴克農語",
"aby": "阿比亞語",
"abz": "阿布伊語",
"aca": "阿查瓜語",
"acb": "安卡語",
"acd": "吉基奧德語",
"ace": "亞齊語",
"ach": "阿喬利語",
"aci": "阿卡-卡里語",
"ack": "阿卡-科拉語",
"acl": "阿卡爾-巴萊語",
"acm": "美索不達米亞阿拉伯語",
"acn": "阿昌語",
"acp": "東阿奇帕語",
"acr": "阿契語",
"acs": "阿克羅語",
"acu": "阿丘亞爾語",
"acv": "阿喬馬維語",
"acw": "漢志阿拉伯語",
"acx": "阿曼阿拉伯語",
"acy": "塞浦路斯阿拉伯語",
"acz": "阿克隆語",
"ada": "阿當梅語",
"adb": "阿達貝語",
"add": "左迪那語",
"ade": "阿德勒語",
"adf": "多法爾阿拉伯語",
"adg": "安德格雷賓哈語",
"adh": "阿多拉語",
"adi": "阿迪語",
"adj": "阿迪烏克魯語",
"adl": "迦龍語",
"adn": "阿當語",
"ado": "阿布語",
"adp": "阿達普語",
"adq": "阿丹格貝語",
"adr": "阿多納拉語",
"ads": "阿達莫羅貝手語",
"adt": "阿德尼亞馬塔納語",
"adu": "Aduge",
"adw": "阿孟搭瓦語",
"ady": "西切爾克斯語",
"adz": "阿哲拉語",
"ae": "阿維斯陀語",
"aea": "阿雷巴語",
"aeb": "突尼斯阿拉伯語",
"aed": "阿根廷手語",
"aee": "東北帕沙伊語",
"aek": "哈克語",
"ael": "安貝萊語",
"aem": "阿楞語",
"aen": "亞美尼亞手語",
"aeq": "埃爾語",
"aer": "東阿蘭達語",
"aes": "阿爾塞亞語",
"aeu": "阿克語",
"aew": "安巴基齊語",
"aey": "阿梅勒語",
"aez": "埃卡語",
"af": "南非語",
"afa-pro": "原始亞非語",
"afb": "海灣阿拉伯語",
"afd": "Andai",
"afe": "普圖瓦姆語",
"afg": "阿富汗手語",
"afh": "阿弗里希利語",
"afi": "Akrukay",
"afk": "納努拜語",
"afn": "德法卡語",
"afo": "埃羅伊語",
"afp": "塔佩語",
"afs": "非洲塞米諾爾克爾奧爾語",
"aft": "阿菲蒂語",
"afu": "阿伍圖語",
"afz": "奧博奎泰語",
"aga": "阿瓜諾語",
"agb": "萊博語",
"agc": "阿加圖語",
"agd": "阿加拉比語",
"age": "安加爾語",
"agf": "阿爾古尼語",
"agg": "安戈爾語",
"agh": "恩格利馬語",
"agj": "阿爾戈巴語",
"agk": "伊薩羅格阿埃塔語",
"agl": "芬貝語",
"agm": "安加塔哈語",
"agn": "阿古塔農語",
"ago": "泰奈語",
"agq": "亞罕語",
"agr": "阿瓜魯那語",
"ags": "埃辛比語",
"agt": "中卡加延阿埃塔語",
"agu": "阿瓜卡特卡語",
"agv": "雷蒙達道阿埃塔語",
"agw": "卡華語",
"agx": "阿古爾語",
"agy": "南阿爾塔語",
"agz": "伊里加山阿埃塔語",
"aha": "阿漢塔語",
"ahb": "阿漢布語",
"ahg": "蓋曼特語",
"ahh": "阿古語",
"ahi": "蒂亞巴語",
"ahk": "阿卡語",
"ahl": "伊戈語",
"ahm": "莫布語",
"ahn": "阿翰語",
"aho": "阿洪姆語",
"ahp": "阿普羅語",
"ahr": "阿希拉尼語",
"ahs": "艾西語",
"aht": "阿特納語",
"aia": "阿羅西語",
"aib": "艾努語",
"aic": "安拜語",
"aid": "阿爾吉特語",
"aie": "阿馬拉語",
"aif": "阿吉語",
"aig": "安提瓜和巴布達克里奧爾英語",
"aih": "錦語",
"aii": "亞述新亞拉姆語",
"aij": "埃爾比勒猶太新阿拉姆語",
"aik": "阿克語",
"ail": "埃梅勒語",
"aim": "艾莫爾語",
"ain": "阿伊努語",
"aio": "艾通語",
"aip": "布魯馬科語",
"air": "埃羅蘭語",
"ait": "阿里肯語",
"aiw": "阿里語",
"aix": "艾貢語",
"aiy": "阿利語",
"aja": "阿扎語 (尼羅-撒哈拉語系)",
"ajg": "阿扎語 (尼日爾-剛果語系)",
"aji": "阿日厄語",
"ajn": "Andajin",
"ajp": "南黎凡特阿拉伯語",
"ajs": "Algerian Jewish Sign Language",
"ajw": "阿賈瓦語",
"ajz": "Amri Karbi",
"ak": "阿坎語",
"akb": "昂科拉巴塔克語",
"akc": "姆普爾語",
"akd": "Ukpet-Ehom",
"ake": "阿卡沃約語",
"akf": "阿克帕語",
"akg": "阿納卡朗古語",
"akh": "西安加爾語",
"aki": "Aiome",
"akj": "傑魯語",
"akk": "阿卡德語",
"akl": "阿克蘭語",
"akm": "阿卡-博語",
"ako": "Akurio",
"akp": "西伍語",
"akq": "Ak",
"akr": "阿拉基語",
"aks": "阿卡舍蘭語",
"akt": "阿科勒特語",
"aku": "阿庫姆語",
"akv": "阿赫瓦赫語",
"akw": "阿夸語",
"akx": "阿卡-科德語",
"aky": "阿卡-科爾語",
"akz": "亞拉巴馬語",
"ala": "阿拉戈語",
"alc": "卡瓦斯卡爾語",
"ald": "阿拉迪安",
"ale": "阿留申語",
"alf": "阿萊格語",
"alg-aga": "阿加萬語",
"alg-pro": "原始阿爾岡昆語",
"alh": "阿拉瓦語",
"ali": "阿邁蒙語",
"alj": "阿蘭岡語",
"alk": "阿拉克語",
"all": "阿拉爾語",
"alm": "安布隆語",
"alo": "瓦卡西胡語",
"alp": "阿魯尼語",
"alq": "阿爾岡昆語",
"alr": "阿留特語",
"alt": "南阿爾泰語",
"alu": "阿雷阿雷語",
"alv-ama": "Amasi",
"alv-bgu": "Baïnounk Gubëeher",
"alv-bua-pro": "原始布阿語",
"alv-cng-pro": "Proto-Cangin",
"alv-edk-pro": "原始埃德基里語",
"alv-edo-pro": "原始類埃多語",
"alv-fli-pro": "Proto-Fali",
"alv-gbe-pro": "原始格貝語",
"alv-gng-pro": "Proto-Guang",
"alv-gtm-pro": "原始中多哥語",
"alv-gwa": "瓜拉語",
"alv-hei-pro": "Proto-Heiban",
"alv-ido-pro": "Proto-Idomoid",
"alv-igb-pro": "原始伊博語",
"alv-kwa-pro": "Proto-Kwa",
"alv-mum-pro": "Proto-Mumuye",
"alv-nup-pro": "原始努佩語",
"alv-pro": "原始大西洋-剛果語",
"alv-von-pro": "原始沃爾特-尼日爾語",
"alv-yor-pro": "原始約魯巴語",
"alv-yrd-pro": "原始類約魯巴語",
"alw": "阿拉巴語",
"alx": "阿摩爾語",
"aly": "阿利亞瓦拉語",
"alz": "阿盧爾語",
"am": "阿姆哈拉語",
"ama": "阿馬那也語",
"amb": "安寶語",
"amc": "阿馬華卡語",
"ame": "阿梅薩語",
"amf": "哈馬爾-班納語",
"amg": "阿穆爾達克語",
"ami": "阿美語",
"amj": "安當語",
"amk": "安拜語",
"aml": "瓦爾-賈因蒂亞語",
"amm": "阿瑪語",
"amn": "阿瑪納卜語",
"amo": "阿毛語",
"amp": "阿蘭布拉克語",
"amq": "阿馬哈伊語",
"amr": "阿馬拉凱里語",
"ams": "南奄美大島語",
"amt": "安托語",
"amu": "格雷羅阿穆茲戈語",
"amv": "安貝勞語",
"amw": "西現代亞拉姆語",
"amx": "亞馬他拉語",
"amy": "阿米語",
"amz": "阿坦帕雅語",
"an": "阿拉貢語",
"ana": "安達基語",
"anb": "安多亞語",
"anc": "恩加斯語",
"and": "安蘇斯語",
"ane": "哈拉楚語",
"anf": "阿尼美勒語",
"ang": "古英語",
"anh": "Nend",
"ani": "安迪語",
"anj": "Anor",
"ank": "戈厄邁語",
"anl": "赫孔索語",
"anm": "阿納爾語",
"ann": "奧博羅語",
"ano": "安多克語",
"anp": "昂加語",
"anq": "加洛瓦語",
"anr": "安德赫語",
"ans": "安塞爾馬語",
"ant": "安塔卡林亞語",
"anu": "阿努亞克語",
"anv": "登雅語",
"anw": "阿納昂語",
"anx": "安德拉-胡斯語",
"any": "安伊語",
"anz": "阿內姆語",
"aoa": "安哥拉克里奧爾語",
"aob": "阿博姆語",
"aoc": "佩蒙語",
"aod": "安達魯姆語",
"aoe": "南安加爾語",
"aof": "布拉加特語",
"aog": "安哥拉姆語",
"aoi": "阿寧迪爾雅夸語",
"aoj": "穆菲安語",
"aok": "阿霍語",
"aol": "阿羅爾語",
"aom": "奧米語",
"aon": "Bumbita Arapesh",
"aor": "Aore",
"aos": "泰卡特語",
"aot": "阿通語 (印度)",
"aou": "阿歐語",
"aox": "阿托拉達語",
"aoz": "瓦布梅托語",
"apa-pro": "原始阿帕契語",
"apb": "薩阿語",
"apc": "北黎凡特阿拉伯語",
"apd": "蘇丹阿拉伯語",
"ape": "布基伊普語",
"apf": "帕拉南阿埃塔語",
"apg": "安帕南語",
"aph": "阿特帕里亞語",
"api": "阿皮亞卡語",
"apj": "希卡里亞語",
"apk": "平原阿帕契語",
"apl": "利攀語",
"apm": "奇里卡瓦語",
"apn": "阿比那也語",
"apo": "Ambul",
"app": "阿普麻語",
"apq": "普西克瓦爾語",
"apr": "阿羅普-羅科普科語 ",
"aps": "Arop-Sissano",
"apt": "阿帕塔尼語",
"apu": "阿布日嫩語",
"apv": "Alapmunte",
"apw": "西阿帕契語",
"apx": "阿普泰語",
"apy": "阿帕萊語",
"apz": "薩菲約卡語",
"aqc": "阿奇語",
"aqd": "安帕里-多貢語",
"aqg": "阿里吉蒂語",
"aql-pro": "原始阿爾吉克語",
"aqm": "Atohwaim",
"aqn": "北阿爾塔語",
"aqp": "阿塔卡帕語",
"aqr": "Arhâ",
"aqt": "Angaité",
"aqz": "阿困穌語",
"ar": "阿拉伯語",
"arc": "亞拉姆語",
"ard": "阿拉巴納語",
"are": "西阿蘭達語",
"arh": "阿爾瓦科語",
"ari": "阿里卡拉語",
"arj": "阿拉巴索語",
"ark": "阿利加布語",
"arl": "阿拉貝拉語",
"arn": "馬普切語",
"aro": "阿拉奧納語",
"arp": "阿拉帕霍語",
"arq": "阿爾及利亞阿拉伯語",
"arr": "拉馬拉馬語",
"ars": "內志阿拉伯語",
"art-adu": "Adûni",
"art-bel": "貝爾特克里奧爾語",
"art-blk": "博拉克語",
"art-bsp": "黑暗語",
"art-com": "溝通語",
"art-dtk": "多斯拉克語",
"art-elo": "埃羅伊語",
"art-gld": "Goa'uld",
"art-lap": "Lapine",
"art-man": "曼達洛語",
"art-mun": "Mundolinco",
"art-nav": "納美語",
"art-vlh": "高等瓦雷利亞語",
"aru": "阿拉瓦語",
"arv": "阿爾博雷語",
"arw": "阿拉瓦克語",
"arx": "阿魯阿什語",
"ary": "摩洛哥阿拉伯語",
"arz": "埃及阿拉伯語",
"as": "阿薩姆語",
"asa": "帕雷語",
"asb": "阿西內本語",
"asc": "木麻黃海岸阿斯馬特語",
"ase": "美國手語",
"asf": "澳洲手語",
"asg": "克立新機尼語",
"ash": "Abishira",
"asi": "布魯威語",
"asj": "Nsari",
"ask": "阿什昆語",
"asl": "阿西魯魯語",
"asn": "興古河阿蘇里尼語",
"aso": "達諾語",
"asp": "阿爾及利亞手語",
"asq": "奧地利手語",
"asr": "阿蘇里語",
"ass": "伊波羅語",
"ast": "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
"asu": "阿蘇里尼語",
"asv": "Asoa",
"asw": "澳洲原住民手語",
"asx": "穆拉塔雅克語",
"asy": "Yaosakor Asmat",
"asz": "亞斯語",
"ata": "佩勒-阿塔語",
"atb": "載瓦語",
"atc": "阿查瓦卡語",
"atd": "亞他-馬諾博語",
"ate": "Atemble",
"atg": "奧克佩拉語",
"ath-nic": "尼科拉語",
"ath-pro": "原始德內語",
"ati": "阿蒂耶語",
"atj": "阿提卡米克語",
"atk": "阿蒂語",
"atl": "伊拉亞山阿埃塔語",
"atm": "阿塔語",
"ato": "阿通語 (喀麥隆)",
"atp": "卜多-亞塔語",
"atq": "阿拉列-達布拉罕語",
"atr": "韋米里-阿特羅阿里語",
"ats": "格羅斯文特語",
"att": "帕姆普羅納-阿塔語",
"atu": "雷厄勒語",
"atv": "北阿爾泰語",
"atw": "阿楚格維語",
"atx": "阿魯塔尼語",
"aty": "阿內瓊語",
"atz": "阿爾塔語",
"aua": "阿松博亞語",
"aub": "阿盧固語",
"auc": "瓦奧語",
"aud": "阿努塔語",
"auf-pro": "原始阿拉萬語",
"aug": "Aguna",
"auh": "Aushi",
"aui": "阿努基語",
"auj": "奧吉拉語",
"auk": "赫有語",
"aul": "奧盧亞語",
"aum": "阿蘇語",
"aun": "莫爾莫-奧內語",
"auo": "Auyokawa",
"aup": "馬卡揚語",
"auq": "阿努斯語",
"aur": "Aruek",
"aus-alu": "阿倫古爾語",
"aus-and": "Andjingith",
"aus-ang": "昂庫拉語",
"aus-arn-pro": "原始安恆語",
"aus-bra": "Barranbinya",
"aus-brm": "Barunggam",
"aus-cww-pro": "原始中新南威爾士語",
"aus-dal-pro": "Proto-Daly",
"aus-guw": "古瓦爾語",
"aus-lsw": "Little Swanport",
"aus-mbi": "Mbiywom",
"aus-ngk": "Ngkoth",
"aus-nyu-pro": "原始紐爾紐爾語",
"aus-pam-pro": "原始帕馬-恩永甘語",
"aus-tul": "圖盧阿語",
"aus-uwi": "Uwinymil",
"aus-wdj-pro": "原始伊瓦伊賈語",
"aus-won": "Wong-gie",
"aus-wul": "伍爾古魯語",
"aus-ynk": "揚卡爾語",
"aut": "奧斯特拉語",
"auu": "奧耶語",
"auw": "Awyi",
"aux": "Aurá",
"auy": "Auyana",
"auz": "烏茲別克阿拉伯語",
"av": "阿瓦爾語",
"avb": "阿瓦烏語",
"avd": "阿爾維里-維達里語",
"avi": "阿維坎語",
"avk": "科塔瓦語",
"avm": "昂卡穆蒂語",
"avn": "阿瓦蒂梅語",
"avs": "Aushiri",
"avt": "澳語",
"avu": "阿沃卡雅語",
"avv": "阿瓦-卡諾伊羅語",
"awa": "阿瓦德語",
"awb": "阿瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
"awc": "茨茨普語",
"awd-ama": "阿馬里扎納語",
"awd-amc-pro": "Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro",
"awd-ana": "Anauyá",
"awd-apo": "阿波利斯塔語",
"awd-cab": "卡布雷語",
"awd-gnu": "Guinau",
"awd-kar": "卡里艾語",
"awd-kaw": "卡威沙納語",
"awd-kmp-pro": "Proto-Kampa",
"awd-kus": "庫斯特瑙語",
"awd-man": "Manao",
"awd-mar": "馬拉萬語",
"awd-mpr": "邁普雷語",
"awd-mrt": "Mariaté",
"awd-nwk-pro": "原始納威基語",
"awd-pai": "Paikoneka",
"awd-pas": "Passé",
"awd-pro": "原始阿拉瓦克語",
"awd-prw-pro": "Proto-Paresi-Waura",
"awd-she": "謝巴約語",
"awd-taa-pro": "原始泰諾-阿拉瓦克語",
"awd-wai": "Wainumá",
"awd-war": "Old Warekena",
"awd-yum": "Yumana",
"awe": "阿威其語",
"awg": "安古蒂姆里語",
"awh": "Awbono",
"awi": "阿溫語",
"awk": "阿瓦巴卡爾語",
"awm": "Arawum",
"awn": "奧義語",
"awo": "阿瓦克語",
"awr": "阿維拉語",
"aws": "南奧尤語",
"awt": "阿拉威德語",
"awu": "中奧尤語",
"awv": "賈爾奧尤語",
"aww": "Awun",
"awx": "阿瓦拉語",
"awy": "埃德拉奧尤語",
"axb": "阿比坡尼語",
"axe": "Ayerrerenge",
"axg": "Mato Grosso Arára",
"axk": "阿卡語 (中非)",
"axl": "南阿蘭達語",
"axm": "中古亞美尼亞語",
"axx": "哈拉古雷語",
"ay": "艾馬拉語",
"aya": "阿瓦爾語 (新幾內亞)",
"ayb": "阿伊佐語",
"ayd": "阿雅巴德胡語",
"aye": "阿耶勒語",
"ayg": "Nyanga (Togo)",
"ayi": "Leyigha",
"ayk": "Akuku",
"ayl": "利比亞阿拉伯語",
"ayn": "也門阿拉伯語",
"ayo": "扎穆科語",
"ayp": "北美索不達米亞阿拉伯語",
"ayq": "阿義語",
"ays": "索爾索貢-艾塔語",
"ayt": "巴丹埃塔語",
"ayu": "阿尤語",
"ayz": "梅布拉特語",
"az": "阿塞拜疆語",
"aza": "阿扎語 (漢藏語系)",
"azc-caz": "Cazcan",
"azc-cup-pro": "原始庫帕語",
"azc-ktn": "Kitanemuk",
"azc-nah-pro": "原始納瓦語",
"azc-nic": "尼科雷尼奧語",
"azc-num-pro": "原始努姆語",
"azc-pro": "原始猶他-阿茲特克語",
"azc-tak-pro": "原始塔基語",
"azc-tat": "Tataviam",
"azd": "東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語",
"azg": "聖彼德羅阿穆茲戈語",
"azm": "伊帕拉帕阿穆茲戈語",
"azn": "西杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語",
"azo": "阿榮語",
"azt": "懷爾-亞塔語",
"azz": "高地普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
"ba": "巴什基爾語",
"baa": "巴巴塔納語",
"bab": "Bainouk-Gunyuño",
"bac": "巴杜伊語",
"bae": "巴雷語",
"baf": "努巴查語",
"bag": "圖基語",
"bah": "巴哈馬克里奧爾語",
"baj": "巴拉凱語",
"bal": "俾路支語",
"ban": "巴厘語",
"bao": "巴拉語",
"bap": "班塔瓦語",
"bar": "巴伐利亞語",
"bas": "巴薩語",
"bau": "巴丹奇語",
"bav": "巴本戈語",
"baw": "Bambili-Bambui",
"bax": "巴姆穆語",
"bay": "巴圖萊語",
"bba": "Baatonum",
"bbb": "巴賴語",
"bbc": "托巴巴塔克語",
"bbd": "Bau",
"bbe": "邦巴語",
"bbf": "Baibai",
"bbg": "巴拉馬語",
"bbh": "Bugan",
"bbi": "Barombi",
"bbj": "戈馬拉語",
"bbk": "巴邦基語",
"bbl": "巴茨語",
"bbm": "Babango",
"bbn": "烏尼阿帕語",
"bbo": "Konabéré",
"bbp": "West Central Banda",
"bbq": "巴馬里語",
"bbr": "吉拉瓦語",
"bbs": "巴克平卡語",
"bbt": "姆布爾庫語",
"bbu": "巴庫隆語",
"bbv": "卡奈語",
"bbw": "巴巴語",
"bbx": "布比亞語",
"bby": "Befang",
"bca": "中部白語",
"bcb": "Bainouk-Samik",
"bcd": "北巴巴爾語",
"bce": "Bamenyam",
"bcf": "巴穆語",
"bcg": "Baga Pokur",
"bch": "巴里艾語",
"bci": "巴烏萊語",
"bcj": "巴爾迪語",
"bck": "布納巴語",
"bcl": "中比科爾語",
"bcm": "巴諾尼語",
"bcn": "比巴阿利語",
"bco": "卡盧利語",
"bcp": "巴麗語",
"bcq": "Bench",
"bcr": "Babine-Witsuwit'en",
"bcs": "Kohumono",
"bct": "Bendi",
"bcu": "Biliau",
"bcv": "Shoo-Minda-Nye",
"bcw": "Bana",
"bcy": "Bacama",
"bcz": "Bainouk-Gunyaamolo",
"bda": "巴約特語",
"bdb": "巴薩普語",
"bdc": "Emberá-Baudó",
"bdd": "布納馬語",
"bde": "巴德語",
"bdf": "Biage",
"bdg": "邦吉語",
"bdh": "Tara Baka",
"bdi": "布龍語",
"bdj": "拜語",
"bdk": "布都赫語",
"bdl": "印尼巴瑤語",
"bdm": "布杜馬語",
"bdn": "Baldemu",
"bdo": "Morom",
"bdp": "本德語",
"bdq": "巴拿語",
"bdr": "西海岸巴瑤語",
"bds": "布龍吉語",
"bdt": "博科托語",
"bdu": "奧羅科語",
"bdv": "博多帕爾賈語",
"bdw": "巴哈姆語",
"bdx": "勿董-勿董語",
"bdy": "班賈朗語",
"bdz": "巴德斯語",
"be": "白俄羅斯語",
"bea": "達內-扎阿語",
"beb": "貝貝勒語",
"bec": "Iceve-Maci",
"bed": "貝都安納斯語",
"bee": "比昂西語",
"bef": "貝納貝納語",
"beg": "馬來奕語",
"beh": "比亞利語",
"bei": "巴卡提語",
"bej": "貝扎語",
"bek": "貝貝利語",
"bem": "本巴語",
"beo": "貝亞米語",
"bep": "貝梭阿語",
"beq": "本貝語",
"ber-fog": "福加哈語",
"ber-pro": "原始柏柏爾語",
"ber-zuw": "祖瓦拉語",
"bes": "貝斯梅語",
"bet": "Guiberoua Bété",
"beu": "布拉加爾語",
"bev": "Daloa Bété",
"bew": "伯塔維語",
"bex": "Jur Modo",
"bey": "貝里語",
"bez": "貝納語",
"bfa": "巴里語",
"bfb": "鮑里巴雷里語",
"bfc": "北部白語",
"bfd": "富特語",
"bfe": "貝塔夫語",
"bff": "Bofi",
"bfg": "布桑加央語",
"bfh": "布拉菲語",
"bfi": "英國手語",
"bfj": "巴凡吉語",
"bfk": "班科手語",
"bfl": "Banda-Ndélé",
"bfm": "姆門語",
"bfn": "布納克語",
"bfo": "Malba Birifor",
"bfp": "Beba",
"bfq": "巴達加語",
"bfr": "巴齊加爾語",
"bfs": "南部白語",
"bft": "巴爾蒂語",
"bfu": "布南語",
"bfw": "邦都語",
"bfx": "班塔雅農語",
"bfy": "巴格里語",
"bfz": "馬哈蘇帕哈里語",
"bg": "保加利亞語",
"bga": "瓜姆希-烏里語",
"bgb": "波朋哥語",
"bgc": "哈爾彥維語",
"bgd": "拉特維巴雷里語",
"bge": "包利雅語",
"bgf": "Bangandu",
"bgg": "布貢語",
"bgi": "嘉安語",
"bgj": "Bangolan",
"bgk": "布興語",
"bgl": "Bo",
"bgo": "Baga Koga",
"bgq": "巴格里語",
"bgr": "Bawm Chin",
"bgs": "塔加巴瓦語",
"bgt": "布戈圖語",
"bgu": "Mbongno",
"bgv": "瓦爾凱-比皮姆語",
"bgw": "巴特里語",
"bgx": "巴爾幹加告茲土耳其語",
"bgy": "Benggoi",
"bgz": "邦蓋語",
"bh": "比哈爾語",
"bha": "Bharia",
"bhb": "比里語",
"bhc": "Biga",
"bhd": "巴德拉瓦希語",
"bhe": "巴雅語",
"bhf": "Odiai",
"bhg": "Binandere",
"bhh": "Bukhari",
"bhi": "比拉里語",
"bhj": "Bahing",
"bhl": "Bimin",
"bhm": "Bathari",
"bhn": "波坦新亞拉姆語",
"bho": "博杰普爾語",
"bhp": "比馬語",
"bhq": "南部杜剛貝西語",
"bhs": "布瓦爾語",
"bht": "巴梯亞里語",
"bhu": "本賈語",
"bhv": "巴豪語",
"bhw": "比亞克語",
"bhx": "巴萊語",
"bhy": "貝萊語",
"bhz": "巴打語",
"bi": "比斯拉馬語",
"bia": "巴迪馬亞語",
"bib": "Bissa",
"bid": "比迪約語",
"bie": "Bepour",
"bif": "比阿法達語",
"big": "Biangai",
"bij": "寬卡語",
"bil": "比洛克西語",
"bim": "比莫巴語",
"bin": "埃多語",
"bio": "Nai",
"bip": "比拉語",
"biq": "畢皮語",
"bir": "比索里奧語",
"bit": "Berinomo",
"biu": "比埃特語",
"biv": "Southern Birifor",
"biw": "Kol (Cameroon)",
"bix": "Bijori",
"biy": "Birhor",
"biz": "巴洛伊語",
"bja": "布扎語",
"bjb": "巴爾恩加爾拉語",
"bjc": "巴里吉語",
"bje": "標敏語",
"bjf": "巴爾扎尼猶太阿拉姆語",
"bjg": "Bidyogo",
"bjh": "Bahinemo",
"bji": "布爾吉語",
"bjj": "Kannauji",
"bjk": "Barok",
"bjl": "布魯語 (新幾內亞)",
"bjm": "巴傑蘭語",
"bjn": "班查語",
"bjo": "Mid-Southern Banda",
"bjp": "Fanamaket",
"bjr": "Binumarien",
"bjs": "巴詹語",
"bjt": "甘加-巴蘭塔語",
"bju": "布蘇烏語",
"bjv": "Bedjond",
"bjw": "Bakwé",
"bjx": "Banao Itneg",
"bjy": "巴亞利語",
"bjz": "巴魯加語",
"bka": "基亞克語",
"bkc": "巴卡語",
"bkd": "布基語",
"bkf": "Beeke",
"bkg": "布拉卡語",
"bkh": "巴科科語",
"bki": "Baki",
"bkj": "Pande",
"bkk": "布羅克斯卡特語",
"bkl": "貝里克語",
"bkm": "康姆語(喀麥隆)",
"bkn": "布基坦語",
"bko": "克瓦語",
"bkp": "伊博科語",
"bkq": "巴凱里語",
"bkr": "巴昆拜語",
"bks": "馬斯巴特索索貢語",
"bkt": "Boloki",
"bku": "布希德語",
"bkv": "貝夸瓦拉語",
"bkw": "貝克維爾語",
"bkx": "Baikeno",
"bky": "博克伊語",
"bkz": "本庫語",
"bla": "黑腳語",
"blb": "比盧阿語",
"blc": "貝拉庫拉語",
"bld": "波朗果語",
"ble": "肯托赫-巴蘭塔語",
"blf": "波爾語",
"blg": "巴勞語",
"blh": "庫瓦阿語",
"bli": "博利阿語",
"blj": "布隆岸語",
"blk": "勃歐語",
"bll": "Biloxi",
"blm": "貝利語",
"bln": "南卡坦端內斯比科爾語",
"blo": "Anii",
"blp": "布拉布蘭加語",
"blq": "巴盧安-帕姆語",
"blr": "布朗語",
"bls": "巴勒桑語",
"blt": "傣黯語",
"blv": "基巴拉語",
"blw": "巴蘭高語",
"blx": "麥因迪埃塔語",
"bly": "諾特勒語",
"blz": "巴蘭塔語",
"bm": "班巴拉語",
"bma": "拉梅語",
"bmb": "Bembe",
"bmc": "巴姆語",
"bmd": "Baga Manduri",
"bme": "利馬薩語",
"bmf": "博姆語",
"bmg": "班維語",
"bmh": "凱恩語",
"bmi": "巴吉爾米語",
"bmj": "博特-邁希語",
"bmk": "加雅維語",
"bml": "邦博利語",
"bmn": "比納語",
"bmo": "Bambalang",
"bmp": "Bulgebi",
"bmq": "博穆語",
"bmr": "穆伊納內語",
"bmt": "標曼語",
"bmu": "Somba-Siawari",
"bmv": "布姆語",
"bmw": "Bomwali",
"bmx": "拜馬克語",
"bmz": "巴拉穆語",
"bn": "孟加拉語",
"bna": "彭內拉提語",
"bnb": "保坎語",
"bnd": "班達語",
"bne": "賓陶納語",
"bnf": "馬西旺語",
"bng": "Benga",
"bni": "邦吉語",
"bnj": "東塔烏碧語",
"bnk": "Bierebo",
"bnl": "布恩語",
"bnm": "Batanga",
"bnn": "布農語",
"bno": "班頓語",
"bnp": "勃拉語",
"bnq": "班第語",
"bnr": "Butmas-Tur",
"bns": "布恩德里語",
"bnt-bal": "Balong",
"bnt-bon": "博馬恩庫語",
"bnt-boy": "博馬尤穆語",
"bnt-bwa": "布瓦拉語",
"bnt-cmw": "奇姆威尼語",
"bnt-ind": "Indanga",
"bnt-lal": "拉拉語 (南非)",
"bnt-mpi": "Mpiin",
"bnt-mpu": "Mpuono",
"bnt-ngu-pro": "原始恩古尼語",
"bnt-phu": "普提語",
"bnt-pro": "原始班圖語",
"bnt-sab-pro": "原始薩巴基語",
"bnt-sbo": "南博馬語",
"bnt-sts-pro": "原始索托-茨瓦納語",
"bnu": "本東語",
"bnv": "貝內拉夫語",
"bnw": "比西斯語",
"bnx": "邦古邦古語",
"bny": "民都魯語",
"bnz": "Beezen",
"bo": "藏語",
"boa": "博拉語",
"bob": "Aweer",
"boe": "蒙達布利語",
"bof": "Bolon",
"bog": "Bamako Sign Language",
"boh": "North Boma",
"boi": "Barbareño",
"boj": "安賈姆語",
"bok": "Bonjo",
"bol": "博雷語",
"bom": "Berom",
"bon": "Bine",
"boo": "Tiemacèwè Bozo",
"bop": "Bonkiman",
"boq": "博加亞語",
"bor": "博羅洛語",
"bot": "邦戈語",
"bou": "邦代語",
"bov": "圖伍利語",
"bow": "雷馬語",
"box": "布阿穆語",
"boy": "Bodo (Central Africa)",
"boz": "Tiéyaxo Bozo",
"bpa": "達卡卡語",
"bpd": "班達-班達語",
"bpe": "Bauni",
"bpg": "Bonggo",
"bph": "博特利赫語",
"bpi": "巴古皮語",
"bpj": "賓吉語",
"bpk": "奧羅韋語",
"bpl": "布魯姆採珠船皮欽語",
"bpm": "比約姆語",
"bpn": "藻敏語",
"bpo": "Anasi",
"bpp": "Kaure",
"bpq": "班達-馬來語",
"bpr": "科羅納達爾-布拉安語",
"bps": "薩蘭尼加-布拉安語",
"bpt": "巴羅角語",
"bpu": "Bongu",
"bpv": "Bian Marind",
"bpx": "帕爾雅巴雷里語",
"bpy": "比什奴普萊利亞-曼尼普爾語",
"bpz": "比爾巴語",
"bqa": "Tchumbuli",
"bqb": "巴古薩語",
"bqc": "博科語",
"bqd": "邦語",
"bqf": "Baga Kaloum",
"bqg": "Bago-Kusuntu",
"bqh": "白馬語",
"bqi": "巴赫蒂亞里語",
"bqj": "班迪阿爾語",
"bqk": "班達-姆布雷斯語",
"bql": "比拉庫拉語",
"bqm": "伍姆博科語",
"bqn": "保加利亞手語",
"bqo": "巴洛語",
"bqp": "布撒語",
"bqq": "比里泰語",
"bqr": "布魯蘇語",
"bqs": "博斯溫語",
"bqt": "巴穆昆比特語",
"bqu": "博古魯語",
"bqv": "Begbere-Ejar",
"bqw": "Buru (Nigeria)",
"bqx": "Baangi",
"bqy": "本卡拉首手語",
"bqz": "巴卡卡語",
"br": "布列塔尼語",
"bra": "布萊語",
"brb": "拉韋語",
"brc": "伯比斯克里奧爾荷蘭語",
"brd": "巴拉姆語",
"brf": "貝拉語",
"brg": "包雷語",
"brh": "布拉灰語",
"bri": "莫克普韋語",
"brj": "比埃里亞語",
"brk": "比爾吉德語",
"brl": "比爾瓦語",
"brm": "巴蘭布語",
"brn": "博魯卡語",
"bro": "布羅卡特語",
"brp": "巴拉帕西語",
"brq": "布雷里語",
"brr": "比勞語",
"brs": "貝拉斯語",
"brt": "比塔雷語",
"bru": "東布魯語",
"brv": "西布魯語",
"brw": "貝拉里語",
"brx": "博多語",
"bry": "Burui",
"brz": "比爾比爾語",
"bsa": "阿比諾姆語",
"bsb": "汶萊米沙鄢語",
"bsc": "Bassari",
"bse": "伍希語",
"bsf": "Bauchi",
"bsg": "巴斯卡爾迪語",
"bsh": "卡姆卡塔-維利語",
"bsi": "Bassossi",
"bsj": "Bangwinji",
"bsk": "布魯夏斯基語",
"bsl": "Basa-Gumna",
"bsm": "布薩米語",
"bsn": "巴拉薩那語",
"bso": "布索語",
"bsp": "巴加西特穆語",
"bsq": "巴薩語",
"bsr": "Bassa-Kontagora",
"bss": "阿庫色語",
"bst": "Basketo",
"bsu": "巴洪率語",
"bsv": "Baga Sobané",
"bsw": "巴伊索語",
"bsx": "Yangkam",
"bsy": "沙巴米沙鄢語",
"bta": "巴塔語",
"btc": "巴蒂語 (喀麥隆)",
"btd": "代里巴塔克語",
"bte": "Gamo-Ningi",
"btf": "比爾吉特語",
"btg": "Gagnoa Bété",
"bth": "比亞塔比達友語",
"bti": "Burate",
"btj": "巴占馬來語",
"btk-pro": "原始巴塔克語",
"btm": "曼代靈巴塔克語",
"btn": "拉達農語",
"bto": "伊里加比科拉諾語",
"btp": "布迪布德語",
"btq": "巴特克語",
"btr": "Baetora",
"bts": "西馬隆貢巴塔克語",
"btt": "Bete-Bendi",
"btu": "巴圖語",
"btv": "巴特里語",
"btw": "布圖阿農語",
"btx": "卡羅巴塔克語",
"bty": "博博特語",
"btz": "阿拉斯-克盧埃特語",
"bua": "布里亞特語",
"bub": "布阿語",
"bud": "恩查姆語",
"bue": "貝奧圖克語",
"buf": "Bushoong",
"bug": "布吉語",
"buh": "優諾語",
"bui": "邦吉利語",
"buj": "Basa-Gurmana",
"buk": "布卡瓦語",
"bum": "布魯語 (喀麥隆)",
"bun": "Sherbro",
"buo": "Terei",
"bup": "布沙語",
"buq": "布雷姆語",
"bus": "Bokobaru",
"but": "本嘉因語",
"buu": "布杜語",
"buv": "Bun",
"buw": "布比語",
"bux": "博格霍姆語",
"buy": "姆馬尼語",
"bva": "巴雷因語",
"bvb": "布貝語",
"bvc": "Baelelea",
"bvd": "巴埃古語",
"bve": "貝勞馬來語",
"bvf": "勃爾語",
"bvg": "Bonkeng",
"bvh": "布雷語",
"bvi": "Belanda Viri",
"bvj": "巴安語",
"bvk": "布卡特語",
"bvl": "玻利維亞手語",
"bvm": "巴蒙卡語",
"bvn": "布那語",
"bvo": "Bolgo",
"bvp": "布芒語",
"bvq": "Birri",
"bvr": "布拉拉語",
"bvt": "巴蒂語 (印尼)",
"bvu": "武吉馬來語",
"bvv": "巴尼瓦語",
"bvw": "Boga",
"bvx": "巴博萊語",
"bvy": "拜拜語",
"bvz": "鮑茲語",
"bwa": "布瓦圖語",
"bwb": "Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua",
"bwc": "Bwile",
"bwd": "布懷多卡語",
"bwe": "布韋卡倫語",
"bwf": "博塞萊瓦語",
"bwg": "巴爾韋語",
"bwh": "比舒奧語",
"bwi": "巴尼瓦語",
"bwj": "Láá Láá Bwamu",
"bwk": "包瓦基語",
"bwl": "布韋拉語",
"bwm": "比瓦特語",
"bwn": "唔奈語",
"bwo": "席那夏語",
"bwp": "曼多波巴勞語",
"bwq": "南博博語",
"bwr": "布拉語",
"bws": "本博馬語",
"bwt": "巴福語",
"bwu": "Buli (Ghana)",
"bww": "布瓦語",
"bwx": "布努語",
"bwy": "茨韋布瓦穆語",
"bwz": "布威西語",
"bxa": "鮑羅語",
"bxb": "Belanda Bor",
"bxc": "Molengue",
"bxd": "波拉語",
"bxe": "Ongota",
"bxf": "比盧爾語",
"bxg": "班加拉語",
"bxh": "布胡圖語",
"bxi": "皮爾拉塔帕語",
"bxj": "巴永古語",
"bxk": "布克蘇語",
"bxl": "賈爾庫南語",
"bxn": "布爾杜納語",
"bxo": "巴里坎奇語",
"bxp": "貝比爾語",
"bxq": "Beele",
"bxs": "布薩姆語",
"bxv": "貝拉科語",
"bxw": "班卡語",
"bxz": "比納哈里語",
"bya": "巴拉望巴塔克語",
"byb": "比克亞語",
"byc": "Ubaghara",
"byd": "本雅度語",
"bye": "波耶語",
"byf": "貝特語",
"byg": "Baygo",
"byh": "Bujhyal",
"byi": "布尤語",
"byj": "比納瓦語",
"byk": "標話",
"byl": "巴尤諾語",
"bym": "比賈拉語",
"byn": "比林語",
"byo": "碧約語",
"byp": "布馬吉語",
"byq": "巴賽語",
"byr": "伊普馬語",
"bys": "布拉克語",
"byt": "扎加瓦語",
"byv": "梅敦巴語",
"byw": "貝拉里雅語",
"byx": "卡科特語",
"byz": "巴納羅語",
"bza": "班迪語",
"bzb": "阿尼迪歐語",
"bzd": "布里布里語",
"bze": "傑納馬博佐語",
"bzf": "博伊肯語",
"bzg": "巴布薩語",
"bzh": "Mapos Buang",
"bzi": "畢蘇語",
"bzj": "伯利茲克里奧爾語",
"bzk": "尼加拉瓜克里奧爾語",
"bzl": "波阿諾語 (蘇拉威西島)",
"bzm": "波朗多語",
"bzn": "波阿諾語 (摩鹿加群島)",
"bzo": "Bozaba",
"bzp": "肯貝拉諾語",
"bzq": "Buli (Indonesia)",
"bzr": "比里語",
"bzs": "巴西手語",
"bzu": "布爾梅索語",
"bzv": "貝貝語",
"bzw": "巴薩語",
"bzx": "Hainyaxo Bozo",
"bzy": "奧班利庫語",
"bzz": "埃萬特語",
"ca": "加泰羅尼亞語",
"caa": "喬爾蒂語",
"cab": "加里富納語",
"cac": "丘赫語",
"cad": "喀多語",
"cae": "Laalaa",
"caf": "南達凱爾語",
"cag": "尼瓦克萊語",
"cah": "Cahuarano",
"caj": "Chané",
"cak": "喀克其奎語",
"cal": "加羅林語",
"cam": "卡穆希語",
"can": "Chambri",
"cao": "Chácobo",
"cap": "奇帕亞語",
"caq": "卡爾尼科巴語",
"car": "加勒比語",
"cas": "奇馬內語",
"cau-abz-pro": "原始阿布哈茲-阿巴扎語",
"cau-and-pro": "原始安迪語",
"cau-ava-pro": "原始阿瓦爾-安迪語",
"cau-cir-pro": "原始切爾克斯語",
"cau-drg-pro": "原始達爾金語",
"cau-lzg-pro": "原始列茲金語",
"cau-nec-pro": "原始東北高加索語",
"cau-nkh-pro": "原始納克語",
"cau-nwc-pro": "原始西北高加索語",
"cau-tsz-pro": "原始采茲語",
"cav": "卡維內納語",
"caw": "卡拉瓦亞語",
"cax": "溪吉丹諾語",
"cay": "卡尤加語",
"caz": "Canichana",
"cba-ata": "阿坦奎語",
"cba-cat": "Catío Chibcha",
"cba-dor": "多拉斯克語",
"cba-dui": "Duit",
"cba-hue": "Huetar",
"cba-nut": "Nutabe",
"cba-pro": "原始奇布查語",
"cbb": "Cabiyarí",
"cbc": "卡拉帕納語",
"cbd": "Carijona",
"cbg": "Chimila",
"cbi": "查茨語",
"cbj": "Ede Cabe",
"cbk": "查瓦卡諾語",
"cbl": "Bualkhaw Chin",
"cbn": "涅固爾語",
"cbo": "Izora",
"cbq": "Shuba",
"cbr": "Cashibo-Cacataibo",
"cbs": "嘉西納瓦語",
"cbt": "Chayahuita",
"cbu": "Candoshi-Shapra",
"cbv": "Cacua",
"cbw": "Kinabalian",
"cby": "Carabayo",
"ccc": "查米庫羅語",
"ccd": "Cafundó",
"cce": "朝比語",
"ccg": "Chamba Daka",
"cch": "阿燦語",
"ccj": "Kasanga",
"ccl": "Cutchi-Swahili",
"ccm": "馬六甲克里奧爾馬來語",
"cco": "科馬爾特佩克-奇南特克語",
"ccp": "查克馬語",
"ccr": "Cacaopera",
"ccs-gzn-pro": "原始格魯吉亞-贊語",
"ccs-pro": "原始南高加索語",
"cda": "卓尼語",
"cdc-cbm-pro": "原始中乍得語",
"cdc-mas-pro": "Proto-Masa",
"cdc-pro": "原始乍得語",
"cdd-pro": "Proto-Caddoan",
"cde": "Chenchu",
"cdf": "Chiru",
"cdh": "昌貝阿里語",
"cdi": "楚德里語",
"cdj": "楚拉希語",
"cdm": "切彭語",
"cdn": "Chaudangsi",
"cdo": "閩東語",
"cdr": "Cinda-Regi-Tiyal",
"cds": "乍得手語",
"cdy": "茶洞語",
"cdz": "Koda",
"ce": "車臣語",
"cea": "下奇黑利斯語",
"ceb": "宿霧語",
"ceg": "沙馬可可語",
"cel-bry-pro": "原始布立吞語",
"cel-gal": "伽萊基亞語",
"cel-gau": "高盧語",
"cel-pro": "原始凱爾特語",
"cen": "Cen",
"cet": "Centúúm",
"cfa": "Dijim-Bwilim",
"cfd": "Cara",
"cfg": "Como Karim",
"cfm": "法蘭欽語",
"cga": "Changriwa",
"cgc": "卡加揚語",
"cgg": "奇加語",
"cgk": "喬孔卡語",
"ch": "查莫羅語",
"chb": "奇布查語",
"chc": "卡托巴語",
"chd": "高地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語",
"chf": "塔巴斯科瓊塔爾語",
"chg": "察合臺語",
"chh": "奇努克語",
"chi-pro": "Proto-Chimakuan",
"chj": "奧希特蘭奇南特克語",
"chk": "楚克語",
"chl": "卡維拉語",
"chm-pro": "原始馬里語",
"chn": "契努克語",
"cho": "喬克托語",
"chp": "契帕瓦語",
"chq": "基奧基特佩克奇南特克語",
"chr": "切羅基語",
"cht": "Cholón",
"chw": "楚阿博語",
"chx": "Chantyal",
"chy": "夏延語",
"chz": "奧蘇馬辛奇南特克語",
"cia": "吉阿吉阿語",
"cib": "Ci Gbe",
"cic": "奇卡索語",
"cid": "Chimariko",
"cie": "Cineni",
"cih": "奇納里語",
"cik": "奇特庫利金瑙里語",
"cim": "辛布里語",
"cin": "粗腰語",
"cip": "恰帕內克語",
"cir": "Tiri",
"ciy": "Chaima",
"cja": "西占語",
"cje": "朱魯語",
"cjh": "上奇黑利斯語",
"cji": "查馬拉爾語",
"cjk": "Chokwe",
"cjm": "東占語",
"cjn": "Chenapian",
"cjo": "帕胡納爾-阿舍寧卡語",
"cjp": "卡貝卡語",
"cjs": "紹爾語",
"cjv": "Chuave",
"cjy": "晉語",
"ckb": "中庫爾德語",
"ckh": "Chak",
"ckl": "Cibak",
"ckn": "Kaang Chin",
"cko": "阿努福語",
"ckq": "Kajakse",
"ckr": "凱拉克語",
"cks": "塔約語",
"ckt": "楚科奇語",
"cku": "科阿薩提語",
"ckv": "噶瑪蘭語",
"ckx": "Caka",
"cky": "Cakfem-Mushere",
"ckz": "Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language",
"cla": "Ron",
"clc": "奇爾科廷語",
"cld": "迦勒底新亞拉姆語",
"cle": "萊勞奇南特克語",
"clh": "Chilisso",
"cli": "查卡里語",
"clj": "Laitu Chin",
"clk": "義都語",
"cll": "查拉語",
"clm": "克拉勒姆語",
"clo": "低地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語",
"clt": "勞圖欽語",
"clu": "卡魯亞農語",
"clw": "楚利姆語",
"cly": "東部高地查蒂諾語",
"cma": "Maa",
"cmc-pro": "原始占語",
"cme": "基爾馬語",
"cmg": "古典蒙古語",
"cmi": "Emberá-Chamí",
"cml": "占巴拉宜安語",
"cmm": "Michigamea",
"cmn": "官話",
"cmo": "中墨儂語",
"cmr": "Mro Chin",
"cms": "梅薩比語",
"cmt": "Camtho",
"cna": "羌塘語",
"cnb": "Chinbon Chin",
"cnc": "貢語 (越南)",
"cng": "北羌語",
"cnh": "哈卡欽語",
"cni": "亞夏尼加語",
"cnk": "庫米欽語",
"cnl": "拉拉納奇南特克語",
"cno": "Con",
"cnp": "北部平話",
"cns": "中阿斯馬特語",
"cnt": "特佩托圖特拉奇南特克語",
"cnu": "謝努瓦語",
"cnw": "Ngawn Chin",
"cnx": "中古康沃爾語",
"co": "科西嘉語",
"coa": "科科斯馬來語",
"cob": "奇科穆塞爾特克語",
"coc": "科科帕語",
"cod": "科卡馬語",
"coe": "Koreguaje",
"cof": "薩菲吉語",
"cog": "仲語",
"coh": "齊瓊依-齊基哈納-奇考瑪語",
"coj": "Cochimi",
"cok": "聖特雷莎科拉語",
"col": "哥倫比亞-韋納奇語",
"com": "科曼奇語",
"con": "科梵語",
"coo": "科莫克斯語",
"cop": "科普特語",
"coq": "Coquille",
"cot": "Caquinte",
"cou": "Wamey",
"cov": "草苗語",
"cow": "考利茲語",
"cox": "Nanti",
"coy": "Coyaima",
"coz": "喬喬特克語",
"cpa": "帕蘭特拉奇南特克語",
"cpb": "Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka",
"cpc": "Ajyíninka Apurucayali",
"cpg": "卡帕多細亞希臘語",
"cpi": "洋涇浜英語",
"cpn": "Cherepon",
"cpo": "Kpee",
"cps": "卡皮塞尼奧語",
"cpu": "Pichis Ashéninka",
"cpx": "莆仙語",
"cpy": "South Ucayali Ashéninka",
"cqd": "川黔滇苗語",
"cr": "克里語",
"cra": "Chara",
"crb": "Island Carib",
"crc": "Lonwolwol",
"crd": "Coeur d'Alene",
"crf": "卡拉曼塔語",
"crg": "米奇夫語",
"crh": "克里米亞韃靼語",
"cri": "聖多美語",
"crj": "南部東克里語",
"crk": "平原克里語",
"crl": "北部東克里語",
"crm": "穆斯克里語",
"crn": "科拉語",
"cro": "克勞語",
"crp-bip": "巴斯克-冰島皮欽語",
"crp-cpr": "中俄混合語",
"crp-gep": "西格陵蘭皮欽語",
"crp-kia": "膠州灣洋涇浜德語",
"crp-mar": "馬龍降靈語",
"crp-mpp": "澳門皮欽葡萄牙語",
"crp-rsn": "挪威俄語",
"crp-slb": "索隆巴拉英語",
"crp-spp": "薩摩亞種植園皮欽語",
"crp-tpr": "泰梅爾皮欽俄語",
"crq": "Iyo'wujwa Chorote",
"crr": "卡羅來納阿爾岡昆語",
"crs": "塞舌爾克里奧爾語",
"crt": "Iyojwa'ja Chorote",
"crv": "Chaura",
"crw": "遮羅語",
"crx": "達凱爾語",
"cry": "Cori",
"crz": "Cruzeño",
"cs": "捷克語",
"csa": "奇爾特佩克奇南特克語",
"csb": "卡舒比語",
"csc": "加泰羅尼亞手語",
"csd": "清邁手語",
"cse": "捷克手語",
"csf": "古巴手語",
"csg": "智利手語",
"csh": "Asho Chin",
"csi": "海岸米沃克語",
"csj": "Songlai Chin",
"csk": "Jola-Kasa",
"csl": "中國手語",
"csm": "中部山地米沃克語",
"csn": "哥倫比亞手語",
"cso": "索奇亞帕姆奇南特克語",
"csp": "南部平話",
"csq": "克羅地亞手語",
"csr": "哥斯達黎加手語",
"css": "南奧龍尼語",
"cst": "北奧龍尼語",
"csu-bba-pro": "Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi",
"csu-maa-pro": "Proto-Mangbetu",
"csu-pro": "原始中蘇丹語",
"csu-sar-pro": "Proto-Sara",
"csv": "Sumtu Chin",
"csw": "沼澤克里語",
"csx": "Cambodian Sign Language",
"csy": "Siyin Chin",
"csz": "Coos",
"cta": "塔塔爾特佩克查蒂諾語",
"ctc": "Chetco-Tolowa",
"ctd": "梯頂語",
"cte": "特皮納帕奇南特克語",
"ctg": "吉大港語",
"cth": "Thaiphum Chin",
"ctl": "特拉科亞津特佩克奇南特克語",
"ctm": "奇蒂馬查語",
"ctn": "Chhintange",
"cto": "Emberá-Catío",
"ctp": "西部高地查蒂諾語",
"cts": "北卡坦端內斯比科拉諾語",
"ctt": "Wayanad Chetti",
"ctu": "喬爾語",
"ctz": "薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語",
"cu": "古教會斯拉夫語",
"cua": "戈語",
"cub": "庫貝歐語",
"cuc": "尤斯拉奇南特克語",
"cug": "Cung",
"cuh": "楚卡語",
"cui": "奎巴語",
"cuj": "Mashco Piro",
"cuk": "庫那語",
"cul": "Culina",
"cuo": "庫馬納戈托語",
"cup": "庫佩諾語",
"cuq": "仡隆語",
"cur": "Chhulung",
"cus-ash": "Ashraaf",
"cus-hec-pro": "原始高地東庫希特語",
"cus-pro": "原始庫希特語",
"cus-som-pro": "原始類索馬里語",
"cus-sou-pro": "原始南庫希特語",
"cut": "特烏蒂拉奎卡特克語",
"cuu": "傣雅語",
"cuv": "喬沃克語",
"cuw": "楚克瓦語",
"cux": "特佩烏希拉奎卡特克語",
"cuy": "Cuitlatec",
"cv": "楚瓦什語",
"cvg": "Chug",
"cvn": "國家山谷奇南特克語",
"cwa": "卡布瓦語",
"cwb": "Maindo",
"cwd": "森林克里語",
"cwe": "奎雷語",
"cwg": "徹翁語",
"cwt": "Kuwaataay",
"cy": "威爾士語",
"cya": "諾帕拉查蒂諾語",
"cyb": "卡尤巴巴語",
"cyo": "庫約農語",
"czh": "徽語",
"czk": "Knaanic",
"czn": "森松特佩克查蒂諾語",
"czo": "閩中語",
"czt": "佐通語",
"da": "丹麥語",
"daa": "Dangaléat",
"dac": "丹比語",
"dad": "馬里克語",
"dae": "Duupa",
"dag": "達加巴尼語",
"dah": "Gwahatike",
"dai": "Day",
"daj": "Dar Fur Daju",
"dak": "達科他語",
"dal": "達哈洛語",
"dam": "達馬卡瓦語",
"dao": "Daai Chin",
"daq": "Dandami Maria",
"dar": "達爾金語",
"das": "Daho-Doo",
"dau": "Dar Sila Daju",
"dav": "台塔語",
"daw": "Davawenyo",
"dax": "達伊語",
"daz": "Dao",
"dba": "Bangime",
"dbb": "Deno",
"dbd": "Dadiya",
"dbe": "Dabe",
"dbf": "埃多皮語",
"dbg": "Dogul Dom",
"dbi": "多卡語",
"dbj": "伊達安語",
"dbl": "迪爾巴爾語",
"dbm": "杜古里語",
"dbn": "Duriankere",
"dbo": "杜爾布語",
"dbp": "杜瓦語",
"dbq": "達巴語",
"dbr": "Dabarre",
"dbt": "Ben Tey",
"dbu": "Bondum Dom Dogon",
"dbv": "Dungu",
"dbw": "Bankan Tey Dogon",
"dby": "Dibiyaso",
"dcc": "達金語",
"dcr": "維爾京群島克里奧爾荷蘭語",
"dda": "達迪-達迪語",
"ddd": "Dongotono",
"dde": "敦多語",
"ddg": "法塔魯庫語",
"ddi": "迪奧迪奧語",
"ddj": "賈魯語",
"ddn": "登迪語",
"ddo": "采茲語",
"ddr": "杜杜羅阿語",
"dds": "Donno So Dogon",
"ddw": "達維拉-達維羅爾語",
"de": "德語",
"dec": "達吉克語",
"ded": "德杜亞語",
"dee": "德沃伊語",
"def": "Dezfuli",
"deg": "德格馬語",
"deh": "德赫瓦里語",
"dei": "德米薩語",
"dem": "德姆語",
"dep": "德拉瓦皮欽語",
"der": "迪奧里語",
"des": "德薩那語",
"dev": "多蒙語",
"dez": "登格塞語",
"dga": "Southern Dagaare",
"dgb": "Bunoge",
"dgc": "卡西古蘭杜馬加特阿埃塔語",
"dgd": "Dagaari Dioula",
"dge": "Degenan",
"dgg": "道嘎語",
"dgh": "德格威語",
"dgi": "Northern Dagara",
"dgk": "達格巴語",
"dgn": "達格曼語",
"dgr": "多格里布語",
"dgs": "道戈索語",
"dgt": "恩德拉恩吉特語",
"dgw": "道恩烏隆語",
"dgx": "Doghoro",
"dgz": "Daga",
"dhd": "Dhundhari",
"dhg": "丹古語",
"dhi": "Dhimal",
"dhl": "達蘭吉語",
"dhm": "贊巴語",
"dhn": "丹基語",
"dho": "多迪亞語",
"dhr": "達爾加里語",
"dhs": "Dhaiso",
"dhu": "Dhurga",
"dhv": "利富語",
"dhw": "達努瓦里語",
"dhx": "敦加羅語",
"dia": "迪阿語",
"dib": "中南丁卡語",
"dic": "Lakota Dida",
"did": "Didinga",
"dif": "迪埃里語",
"dig": "迪戈語",
"dii": "丁邦語",
"dij": "黛語",
"dik": "西南丁卡語",
"dil": "迪靈語",
"dim": "迪梅語",
"din": "丁卡語",
"dio": "迪博語",
"dip": "東北丁卡語",
"dir": "迪里姆語",
"dis": "迪馬薩語",
"diu": "格基里庫語",
"diw": "西北丁卡語",
"dix": "Dixon Reef",
"diy": "Diuwe",
"diz": "丁語",
"dja": "賈賈伍龍語",
"djb": "Djinba",
"djc": "Dar Daju Daju",
"djd": "賈明瓊語",
"dje": "扎爾馬語",
"djf": "詹貢語",
"dji": "Djinang",
"djj": "恩傑巴納語",
"djk": "奧坎語",
"djl": "吉瓦利語",
"djm": "賈姆賽語",
"djn": "賈萬語",
"djo": "強剛語",
"djr": "詹普巴爾普古語",
"dju": "卡普里曼語",
"djw": "賈維語",
"dka": "扎巴語",
"dkk": "打加語",
"dkr": "貴喬語",
"dks": "東南丁卡語",
"dkx": "馬扎格維語",
"dlg": "多爾干語",
"dlk": "達哈利克語",
"dlm": "達爾馬提亞語",
"dln": "達隆語",
"dma": "杜馬語",
"dmb": "Mombo Dogon",
"dmc": "加瓦克語",
"dmd": "馬蒂馬蒂語",
"dme": "杜格沃爾語",
"dmf": "Medefaidrin",
"dmg": "上京那巴當岸語",
"dmk": "多馬基語",
"dml": "達梅里語",
"dmm": "達馬語 (尼日利亞)",
"dmn-dam": "達馬語 (塞拉利昂)",
"dmn-mdw-pro": "原始西曼德語",
"dmn-pro": "原始曼德語",
"dmo": "凱梅宗語",
"dmr": "東達馬爾語",
"dms": "丹貝拉斯語",
"dmu": "杜布語",
"dmv": "敦帕斯語",
"dmw": "穆德布拉語",
"dmx": "Dema",
"dmy": "Demta",
"dna": "上大峽谷達尼語",
"dnd": "Daonda",
"dne": "恩德恩德烏勒語",
"dng": "東干語",
"dni": "下大峽谷達尼語",
"dnj": "丹語",
"dnk": "登卡語",
"dnn": "Dzuun",
"dno": "恩德魯洛語",
"dnr": "Danaru",
"dnt": "中大峽谷達尼語",
"dnu": "達瑙語",
"dnv": "達努語",
"dnw": "西達尼語",
"dny": "丹尼語",
"doa": "Dom",
"dob": "多布語",
"doc": "北侗語",
"doe": "多埃語",
"dof": "多姆語",
"doh": "東語",
"doi": "多格拉語",
"dok": "洞朵語",
"dol": "多索語",
"don": "Doura",
"doo": "Dongo",
"dop": "盧克帕語",
"doq": "多明尼加手語",
"dor": "Dori'o",
"dos": "Dogosé",
"dot": "達斯語",
"dov": "Toka-Leya",
"dow": "多亞約語",
"dox": "布薩語",
"doy": "當波語",
"doz": "多爾澤語",
"dpp": "帕帕爾語",
"dra-bry": "Beary",
"dra-cen-pro": "原始中達羅毗荼語",
"dra-mkn": "中古卡納達語",
"dra-nor-pro": "原始北達羅毗荼語",
"dra-okn": "古卡納達語",
"dra-ote": "古泰盧固語",
"dra-pro": "原始達羅毗荼語",
"dra-sdo-pro": "原始甲種南達羅毗荼語",
"dra-sdt-pro": "原始乙種南達羅毗荼語",
"dra-sou-pro": "原始南達羅毗荼語",
"drb": "Dair",
"drc": "明德里科語",
"drd": "達爾米亞語",
"drg": "龍古斯語",
"dri": "Lela",
"drl": "巴阿甘吉語",
"drn": "西達馬爾語",
"dro": "Daro-Matu Melanau",
"drq": "杜拉語",
"drs": "Gedeo",
"dru": "魯凱語",
"dru-pro": "原始魯凱語",
"dry": "達萊語",
"dsb": "下索布語",
"dse": "Dutch Sign Language",
"dsh": "達薩納赫語",
"dsi": "Disa",
"dsl": "丹麥手語",
"dsn": "杜斯內爾語",
"dso": "德西雅語",
"dsq": "塔達克沙哈克語",
"dta": "達斡爾語",
"dtb": "拉卜-基納巴唐岸卡達山語",
"dtd": "迪提達語",
"dth": "阿迪廷吉蒂格語",
"dti": "阿納廷加多貢語",
"dtk": "Tene Kan Dogon",
"dtm": "Tomo Kan Dogon",
"dto": "Tommo So",
"dtp": "中部杜順語",
"dtr": "羅督語",
"dts": "Toro So Dogon",
"dtt": "Toro Tegu Dogon",
"dtu": "Tebul Ure Dogon",
"dty": "都特利語",
"dua": "杜亞拉語",
"dub": "杜布里語",
"duc": "杜納語",
"due": "烏米萊杜馬加特阿埃塔語",
"duf": "丹貝阿語",
"dug": "基杜魯馬語",
"duh": "敦格拉比爾語",
"dui": "Dumun",
"duk": "烏亞吉塔亞語",
"dul": "阿拉伯島阿埃塔語",
"dum": "中古荷蘭語",
"dun": "杜順達雅語",
"duo": "杜巴尼南阿埃塔語",
"dup": "杜亞諾語",
"duq": "Dusun Malang",
"dur": "迪伊語",
"dus": "杜米語",
"duu": "獨龍語",
"duv": "杜夫勒語",
"duw": "杜松維圖語",
"dux": "杜溫語",
"duy": "Dicamay Agta",
"duz": "杜利語",
"dv": "迪維希語",
"dva": "杜奧語",
"dwa": "迪里語",
"dwr": "道洛語",
"dwu": "杜瓦爾語",
"dww": "達瓦瓦語",
"dwy": "杜瓦亞語",
"dwz": "德維斯萊語",
"dya": "迪安語",
"dyb": "迪亞貝爾迪亞貝爾語",
"dyd": "迪尤貢語",
"dyi": "吉米尼語",
"dym": "Yanda Dogon",
"dyn": "迪揚加迪語",
"dyo": "朱拉-芳伊語",
"dyu": "迪尤拉語",
"dyy": "迪亞布蓋語",
"dz": "宗喀語",
"dza": "Tunzu",
"dzg": "達薩語",
"dzl": "扎拉語",
"dzn": "贊多語",
"ebg": "艾布格胡語",
"ebk": "東邦圖克語",
"ebr": "埃布里語",
"ebu": "恩布語",
"ecr": "真克里特語",
"ecs": "厄瓜多爾手語",
"ecy": "真塞浦路斯語",
"ee": "埃維語",
"eee": "誒話",
"efa": "埃法伊語",
"efe": "埃菲語",
"efi": "埃菲克語",
"ega": "埃加語",
"egl": "艾米利亞語",
"ego": "埃貢語",
"egx-dem": "世俗埃及語",
"egy": "埃及語",
"ehu": "Ehueun",
"eip": "Eipomek",
"eit": "Eitiep",
"eiv": "Askopan",
"eja": "Ejamat",
"eka": "艾卡朱克語",
"eke": "Ekit",
"ekg": "伊卡利語",
"eki": "Eki",
"ekl": "科爾語",
"ekm": "埃立普語",
"eko": "科蒂語",
"ekp": "埃克佩耶語",
"ekr": "Yace",
"eky": "東克耶語",
"el": "希臘語",
"ele": "厄勒皮語",
"elh": "El Hugeirat",
"eli": "Nding",
"elk": "厄爾克依語",
"elm": "Eleme",
"elo": "El Molo",
"elu": "艾盧語",
"elx": "埃蘭語",
"ema": "Emai",
"emb": "恩巴洛語",
"eme": "Emerillon",
"emg": "東梅瓦杭語",
"emi": "穆紹-埃米勞語",
"emk": "Eastern Maninkakan",
"emm": "Mamulique",
"emn": "Eman",
"emp": "北恩貝拉語",
"ems": "阿魯提克語",
"emu": "東穆里亞語",
"emw": "Emplawas",
"emx": "巴斯克羅姆語",
"emy": "古典馬雅語",
"en": "英語",
"ena": "阿帕利語",
"enb": "Markweeta",
"enc": "恩語",
"end": "Ende",
"enf": "森林埃涅茨語",
"enh": "凍原埃涅茨語",
"enl": "Enlhet",
"enm": "中古英語",
"enn": "Engenni",
"eno": "Enggano",
"enq": "恩加語",
"enr": "埃梅姆語",
"enu": "峨努語",
"env": "恩萬語",
"enw": "Enwang",
"enx": "Enxet",
"eo": "世界語",
"eot": "Eotile",
"epi": "Epie",
"era": "埃拉瓦蘭語",
"erg": "Sie",
"erh": "埃魯瓦語",
"eri": "奧蓋阿語",
"erk": "南埃法特語",
"ero-gsz": "革什扎語",
"ero-nya": "Nyagrong Minyag",
"ero-tau": "Stau",
"err": "Erre",
"ers": "爾蘇語",
"ert": "埃里泰語",
"erw": "埃羅夸納斯語",
"es": "西班牙語",
"ese": "埃塞埃賈語",
"esh": "埃斯特哈爾迪語",
"esl": "埃及手語",
"esm": "埃蘇馬語",
"esn": "薩爾瓦多手語",
"eso": "愛沙尼亞手語",
"esq": "Esselen",
"ess": "中西伯利亞尤皮克語",
"esu": "中阿拉斯加尤皮克語",
"esx-esk-pro": "原始愛斯基摩語",
"esx-ink": "極地因紐特語",
"esx-inq": "因紐納克通語",
"esx-inu-pro": "原始因紐特語",
"esx-pro": "原始愛斯基摩-阿留申語",
"esx-tut": "Tunumiisut",
"esy": "埃斯卡亞語",
"et": "愛沙尼亞語",
"etb": "埃特比語",
"etc": "Etchemin",
"eth": "埃塞俄比亞手語",
"etn": "埃頓語 (萬那杜)",
"eto": "埃頓語 (喀麥隆)",
"etr": "埃多洛語",
"ets": "耶克伊語",
"ett": "伊特拉斯坎語",
"etu": "Ejagham",
"etx": "Eten",
"etz": "Semimi",
"eu": "巴斯克語",
"euq-pro": "原始巴斯克語",
"eve": "鄂溫語",
"evh": "Uvbie",
"evn": "鄂溫克語",
"ewo": "依汪都語",
"ext": "埃斯特雷馬杜拉語",
"eya": "埃雅克語",
"eyo": "凱約語",
"eza": "Ezaa",
"eze": "Uzekwe",
"fa": "波斯語",
"faa": "法蘇語",
"fab": "安諾本語",
"fad": "瓦吉語",
"faf": "Fagani",
"fag": "菲農甘語",
"fah": "Baissa Fali",
"fai": "Faiwol",
"faj": "Faita",
"fak": "Fang (Beboid)",
"fal": "South Fali",
"fam": "Fam",
"fan": "芳語",
"fap": "Palor",
"far": "Fataleka",
"fau": "法尤語",
"fax": "法拉語",
"fay": "西南法爾斯語",
"faz": "西北法爾斯語",
"fbl": "西阿爾拜比科爾語",
"fcs": "魁北克手語",
"fer": "Feroge",
"ff": "富拉語",
"ffi": "Foia Foia",
"fgr": "Fongoro",
"fi": "芬蘭語",
"fia": "努比因語",
"fie": "Fyer",
"fif": "Faifi",
"fip": "菲帕語",
"fir": "Firan",
"fit": "梅安語",
"fiw": "Fiwaga",
"fj": "斐濟語",
"fkk": "基里亞-孔澤爾語",
"fkv": "克文語",
"fla": "蒙大拿薩利希語",
"flh": "福奧語",
"fli": "Fali",
"fll": "North Fali",
"fln": "費蓮達島語",
"flr": "富利盧語",
"fly": "Tsotsitaal",
"fmp": "費費語",
"fmu": "遠西穆里亞語",
"fng": "凡那伽羅語",
"fni": "凡雅語",
"fo": "法羅語",
"fod": "富多語",
"foi": "福伊語",
"fom": "Foma",
"fon": "豐語",
"for": "法雷語",
"fos": "西拉雅語",
"fpe": "皮欽利斯語",
"fqs": "法斯語",
"fr": "法語",
"frd": "福爾達塔語",
"frm": "中古法語",
"fro": "古法語",
"frp": "法蘭克-普羅旺斯語",
"frq": "Forak",
"frr": "北弗里斯蘭語",
"frt": "福澤納爾語",
"fse": "芬蘭手語",
"fsl": "法國手語",
"fss": "芬蘭-瑞典手語",
"fud": "富圖納語",
"fuj": "科語",
"fum": "Fum",
"fun": "福尼歐語",
"fur": "弗留利語",
"fut": "富圖納-阿尼瓦語",
"fuu": "富魯語",
"fuy": "富尤格語",
"fvr": "富爾語",
"fwa": "Fwâi",
"fwe": "Fwe",
"fy": "西弗里斯蘭語",
"ga": "愛爾蘭語",
"gaa": "加族語",
"gab": "Gabri",
"gac": "混合大安達曼語",
"gad": "加德當語",
"gae": "瓦瑞克那語",
"gaf": "Gende",
"gag": "加告茲語",
"gah": "阿勒卡諾語",
"gai": "Borei",
"gaj": "加德蘇普語",
"gak": "Gamkonora",
"gal": "加洛利語",
"gam": "康達沃語",
"gan": "贛語",
"gao": "Gants",
"gap": "Gal",
"gaq": "Gata'",
"gar": "加萊亞語",
"gas": "Adiwasi Garasia",
"gat": "克納蒂語",
"gau": "Kondekor",
"gaw": "諾博諾布語",
"gay": "加約語",
"gba-pro": "原始格巴亞語",
"gbb": "Kaytetye",
"gbd": "Karadjeri",
"gbe": "Niksek",
"gbf": "Gaikundi",
"gbg": "Gbanziri",
"gbh": "Defi Gbe",
"gbi": "Galela",
"gbj": "Bodo Gadaba",
"gbk": "Gaddi",
"gbl": "Gamit",
"gbm": "加爾華利語",
"gbn": "Mo'da",
"gbo": "北格雷博語",
"gbp": "博桑戈阿-葛巴亞語",
"gbq": "博祖姆-葛巴亞語",
"gbr": "格巴格伊語",
"gbs": "Gbesi Gbe",
"gbu": "加加杜語",
"gbv": "格巴努語",
"gbw": "加比語",
"gbx": "Eastern Xwla Gbe",
"gby": "格巴里語",
"gcc": "Mali",
"gcd": "Ganggalida",
"gce": "Galice",
"gcf": "安地列斯克里奧爾語",
"gcl": "格瑞那達克里奧爾英語",
"gcn": "Gaina",
"gcr": "圭亞那克里奧爾語",
"gct": "科洛尼亞托瓦爾德語",
"gd": "蘇格蘭蓋爾語",
"gdb": "Ollari",
"gdc": "Gugu Badhun",
"gdd": "Gedaged",
"gde": "Gude",
"gdf": "Guduf-Gava",
"gdg": "加厄當語",
"gdh": "Gadjerawang",
"gdi": "Gundi",
"gdj": "庫爾特賈爾語",
"gdk": "加當語",
"gdl": "迪拉沙語",
"gdm": "拉爾語",
"gdn": "Umanakaina",
"gdo": "戈多貝里語",
"gdq": "邁赫拉語",
"gdr": "維皮語",
"gds": "甘達基手語",
"gdt": "孔格爾杜蒂語",
"gdu": "古杜語",
"gdx": "戈達瓦里語",
"gea": "格魯馬語",
"geb": "基勒語",
"gec": "格柏盧格雷博語",
"ged": "加德語",
"geg": "根格勒語",
"geh": "胡特利特德語",
"gei": "格貝語",
"gej": "格恩語",
"gek": "伊沃姆語",
"gel": "厄特馬因語",
"gem-pro": "原始日耳曼語",
"geq": "Geme",
"ges": "蓋瑟亞語",
"gev": "Viya",
"gew": "格拉語",
"gex": "嘎爾語",
"gey": "Enya",
"gez": "吉茲語",
"gfk": "帕特帕塔爾語",
"gft": "加法特語",
"gga": "高語",
"ggb": "格比語",
"ggd": "古加奇語",
"gge": "Guragone",
"ggg": "Gurgula",
"ggk": "Kungarakany",
"ggl": "Ganglau",
"ggt": "吉圖亞語",
"ggu": "格班語",
"ggw": "戈戈達拉語",
"gha": "加達梅斯語",
"ghc": "古典蓋爾語",
"ghe": "南加勒語",
"ghh": "北加勒語",
"ghk": "Geko Karen",
"ghl": "古爾凡語",
"ghn": "加農加語",
"gho": "戈瑪拉語",
"ghr": "Ghera",
"ghs": "Guhu-Samane",
"ght": "庫堂加勒語",
"gia": "Kitja",
"gib": "Gibanawa",
"gid": "Gidar",
"gie": "Guébie",
"gig": "Goaria",
"gih": "Githabul",
"gii": "Girirra",
"gil": "吉伯特語",
"gim": "Gimi (Goroka)",
"gin": "希努赫語",
"gip": "Gimi (Austronesian)",
"giq": "青仡佬語",
"gir": "紅仡佬語",
"gis": "North Giziga",
"git": "Gitxsan",
"giu": "木佬語",
"giw": "白仡佬語",
"gix": "Gilima",
"giy": "Giyug",
"giz": "South Giziga",
"gji": "Geji",
"gjk": "Kachi Koli",
"gjm": "Gunditjmara",
"gjn": "貢賈語",
"gjr": "Gurindji Kriol",
"gju": "古賈里語",
"gka": "Guya",
"gkd": "Magɨ",
"gke": "Ndai",
"gkn": "戈卡納語",
"gko": "Kok-Nar",
"gkp": "幾內亞克培列語",
"gl": "加利西亞語",
"glc": "邦古拉語",
"gld": "赫哲語",
"glh": "西北帕沙伊語",
"glj": "Kulaal",
"glk": "吉拉基語",
"glo": "Galambu",
"glr": "Glaro-Twabo",
"glu": "Gula",
"glw": "Glavda",
"gly": "古勒語",
"gma": "Gambera",
"gmb": "Gula'alaa",
"gmd": "Mághdì",
"gme-bur": "古勃艮第語",
"gme-cgo": "克里米亞哥特語",
"gmg": "Magiyi",
"gmh": "中古高地德語",
"gml": "中古低地德語",
"gmm": "姆博多莫語",
"gmn": "Gimnime",
"gmq-gut": "哥特蘭語",
"gmq-jmk": "耶姆特蘭語",
"gmq-mno": "中古挪威語",
"gmq-oda": "古丹麥語",
"gmq-ogt": "古哥特蘭語",
"gmq-osw": "古瑞典語",
"gmq-pro": "原始諾爾斯語",
"gmq-scy": "斯堪尼亞語",
"gmr": "Mirning",
"gmu": "Gumalu",
"gmv": "Gamo",
"gmw-bgh": "貝格語",
"gmw-cfr": "中部法蘭克尼亞語",
"gmw-ecg": "中東部德語",
"gmw-fin": "芬戈語",
"gmw-gts": "戈特契語",
"gmw-jdt": "澤西荷蘭語",
"gmw-msc": "中古蘇格蘭語",
"gmw-pro": "原始西日耳曼語",
"gmw-rfr": "萊茵法蘭克尼亞語",
"gmw-stm": "薩圖馬雷施瓦本語",
"gmw-tsx": "特蘭西瓦尼亞薩克森語",
"gmw-vog": "伏爾加德語",
"gmw-zps": "齊普澤德語",
"gmx": "馬哥馬語",
"gmy": "邁錫尼希臘語",
"gmz": "Mgbo",
"gn-cls": "古典瓜拉尼語",
"gna": "Kaansa",
"gnb": "岡特語",
"gnc": "關切語",
"gnd": "朱爾戈-格姆澤克語",
"gne": "Ganang",
"gng": "Ngangam",
"gnh": "Lere",
"gni": "古尼揚迪語",
"gnj": "Ngen",
"gnk": "ǁGana",
"gnl": "Gangulu",
"gnm": "Ginuman",
"gnn": "古馬其語",
"gnq": "Gana",
"gnr": "Gureng Gureng",
"gnt": "Guntai",
"gnu": "格瑙語",
"gnw": "西玻利維亞瓜拉尼語",
"gnz": "Ganzi",
"goa": "古羅語",
"gob": "Playero",
"goc": "Gorakor",
"god": "Godié",
"goe": "Gongduk",
"gof": "戈法語",
"gog": "戈戈語",
"goh": "古高地德語",
"goi": "戈巴西語",
"goj": "Gowlan",
"gol": "Gola",
"gon": "岡德語",
"goo": "Gone Dau",
"gop": "Yeretuar",
"goq": "戈拉普語",
"gor": "哥倫打洛語",
"got": "哥特語",
"gou": "加瓦爾語",
"gov": "Goo",
"gow": "戈羅瓦語",
"gox": "戈布語",
"goy": "Goundo",
"goz": "Gozarkhani",
"gpa": "古帕-阿巴瓦語",
"gpn": "Taiap",
"gqa": "Ga'anda",
"gqi": "貴瓊語",
"gqn": "基尼基瑙語",
"gqr": "Gor",
"gqu": "稿語",
"gra": "Rajput Garasia",
"grc": "古希臘語",
"grd": "Guruntum",
"grg": "Madi",
"grh": "Gbiri-Niragu",
"gri": "Ghari",
"grj": "南格雷博語",
"grk-cal": "卡拉布里亞希臘語",
"grk-car": "Cargesian Greek",
"grk-ita": "意大利希臘語",
"grk-mar": "馬里烏波爾希臘語",
"grk-pro": "原始希臘語",
"grm": "Kota Marudu Talantang",
"gro": "Groma",
"grq": "Gorovu",
"grs": "Gresi",
"grt": "嘎洛語",
"gru": "Kistane",
"grv": "中格雷博語",
"grw": "Gweda",
"grx": "Guriaso",
"gry": "巴克利維爾格雷博語",
"grz": "Guramalum",
"gse": "加納手語",
"gsg": "德國手語",
"gsl": "古斯萊語",
"gsm": "危地馬拉手語",
"gsn": "杜塞語",
"gso": "西南葛巴亞語",
"gsp": "瓦森博語",
"gss": "希臘手語",
"gsw": "阿勒曼尼語",
"gta": "瓜多語",
"gtu": "Aghu Tharrnggala",
"gu": "古吉拉特語",
"gua": "Shiki",
"gub": "瓜加加拉語",
"guc": "瓦尤語",
"gud": "Yocoboué Dida",
"gue": "古林吉語",
"guf": "古帕普因古語",
"gug": "巴拉圭瓜拉尼語",
"guh": "瓜希沃語",
"gui": "東玻利維亞瓜拉尼語",
"guk": "古馬茲語",
"gul": "古拉語",
"gum": "關比安諾語",
"gun": "姆比亞瓜拉尼語",
"guo": "瓜雅貝羅語",
"gup": "康溫格語",
"guq": "阿赫語",
"gur": "法拉法拉語",
"gus": "幾內亞手語",
"gut": "Maléku Jaíka",
"guu": "亞諾馬米語",
"guv": "Gey",
"guw": "奧古語",
"gux": "Gourmanchéma",
"guz": "古西語",
"gv": "曼島語",
"gva": "Kaskihá",
"gvc": "Guanano",
"gve": "Duwet",
"gvf": "戈林語",
"gvj": "瓜嘉語",
"gvl": "古萊語",
"gvm": "古爾馬納語",
"gvn": "庫庫-亞蘭吉語",
"gvo": "Gavião do Jiparaná",
"gvp": "加維昂語",
"gvr": "西古隆語",
"gvs": "古馬瓦納語",
"gvy": "古亞尼語",
"gwa": "姆巴托語",
"gwb": "古瓦語",
"gwc": "卡拉米語",
"gwd": "高瓦達語",
"gwe": "格韋諾語",
"gwf": "高羅語",
"gwg": "Moo",
"gwi": "圭契語",
"gwj": "戈威語",
"gwm": "翁蒂姆語",
"gwn": "關達拉語",
"gwr": "格韋爾語",
"gwt": "加瓦爾-巴蒂語",
"gwu": "古瓦姆語",
"gww": "奎尼語",
"gwx": "古阿語",
"gxx": "Wè Southern",
"gya": "西北葛巴亞語",
"gyb": "加魯斯語",
"gyd": "卡雅迪爾特語",
"gye": "Gyem",
"gyf": "Gungabula",
"gyg": "格巴伊語",
"gyi": "杰勒語",
"gyl": "加伊爾語",
"gym": "Ngäbere",
"gyn": "蓋亞那克里奧爾英語",
"gyo": "Gyalsumdo",
"gyr": "瓜拉尤語",
"gyy": "Gunya",
"gza": "甘扎語",
"gzn": "Gane",
"ha": "豪薩語",
"haa": "汗語",
"hab": "河內手語",
"hac": "古拉尼語",
"had": "哈塔姆語",
"haf": "海防手語",
"hag": "漢加語",
"hah": "哈洪語",
"hai": "海達語",
"haj": "哈瓊語",
"hak": "客家語",
"hal": "哈朗語",
"ham": "赫瓦語",
"hao": "哈科語",
"hap": "胡普拉語",
"har": "哈勒爾語",
"has": "海斯拉語",
"hav": "哈武語",
"haw": "夏威夷語",
"hax": "南海達語",
"hay": "哈雅語",
"hba": "Hamba",
"hbb": "哈巴語",
"hbn": "赫班語",
"hbu": "哈布語",
"hca": "安達曼克里奧爾印地語",
"hch": "惠喬爾語",
"hdn": "北海達語",
"hds": "洪都拉斯手語",
"hdy": "哈迪亞語",
"he": "希伯來語",
"hea": "北部黔東苗語",
"hed": "Herdé",
"heg": "赫隆語",
"heh": "赫赫語",
"hei": "海爾蘇克語",
"hem": "Hemba",
"hgm": "海奧姆語",
"hgw": "海格威語",
"hhi": "霍伊亞霍伊亞語",
"hhr": "科拉克語",
"hhy": "霍亞霍亞語",
"hi": "印地語",
"hia": "臘芒語",
"hib": "Hibito",
"hid": "希達沙語",
"hif": "斐濟印地語",
"hig": "卡姆威語",
"hih": "帕莫蘇語",
"hii": "欣杜里語",
"hij": "希朱克語",
"hik": "Seit-Kaitetu",
"hil": "希利蓋農語",
"hio": "Tshwa",
"hir": "Himarimã",
"hit": "赫梯語",
"hiw": "休語",
"hix": "希卡利亞納語",
"hji": "Haji",
"hka": "Kahe",
"hke": "Hunde",
"hkh": "波加利語",
"hkk": "Hunjara-Kaina Ke",
"hkn": "梅勒-卡翁語",
"hks": "香港手語",
"hla": "哈利亞語",
"hlb": "哈爾比語",
"hld": "端語",
"hle": "山蘇語",
"hlt": "巴杜比語",
"hma": "南部麻山苗語",
"hmb": "Humburi Senni",
"hmc": "中部惠水苗語",
"hmd": "滇東北苗語",
"hme": "東部惠水苗語",
"hmf": "敦苗語",
"hmg": "西南貴陽苗語",
"hmh": "西南惠水苗語",
"hmi": "北部惠水苗語",
"hmj": "𱎼家語",
"hmk": "濊貊語",
"hml": "羅泊河苗語",
"hmm": "中部麻山苗語",
"hmn-pro": "原始苗語",
"hmp": "北部麻山苗語",
"hmq": "東部黔東苗語",
"hmr": "赫馬爾語",
"hms": "南部黔東苗語",
"hmt": "漢泰語",
"hmu": "哈馬普語",
"hmv": "Hmong Dô",
"hmw": "西部麻山苗語",
"hmx-mie-pro": "原始瑤語",
"hmx-pro": "原始苗瑤語",
"hmy": "南部貴陽苗語",
"hmz": "漢苗語",
"hna": "Mina",
"hnd": "南辛德科語",
"hne": "恰蒂斯加爾語",
"hnh": "阿尼語",
"hni": "哈尼語",
"hnj": "青苗語",
"hnm": "海南話",
"hnn": "哈努諾語",
"hno": "北辛德科語",
"hns": "加勒比印度斯坦語",
"hnu": "洪語",
"ho": "希里摩圖語",
"hoa": "華瓦語",
"hob": "南島馬里語",
"hoc": "霍語",
"hod": "霍爾馬語",
"hoe": "霍羅姆語",
"hoh": "Hobyót",
"hoi": "霍利丘克語",
"hoj": "Hadothi",
"hol": "霍盧語",
"hom": "Homa",
"hoo": "霍洛霍洛語",
"hop": "霍皮語",
"hor": "霍羅語",
"hos": "胡志明市手語",
"hot": "霍特語",
"hov": "霍汪甘語",
"how": "豪尼語",
"hoy": "霍里雅語",
"hoz": "霍卓語",
"hpo": "Hpon",
"hps": "夏威夷皮欽手語",
"hra": "赫朗科爾語",
"hrc": "Niwer Mil",
"hre": "赫耶語",
"hrk": "哈魯庫語",
"hrm": "角苗語",
"hro": "赫雷語",
"hrp": "恩希爾皮語",
"hrt": "赫特文語",
"hru": "赫魯索語",
"hrw": "Warwar Feni",
"hrx": "漢斯立克語",
"hrz": "哈爾札尼語",
"hsb": "上索布語",
"hsh": "匈牙利手語",
"hsl": "豪薩手語",
"hsn": "湘語",
"hss": "哈爾蘇西語",
"ht": "海地克里奧爾語",
"hti": "Hoti",
"hto": "Minica Huitoto",
"hts": "哈扎語",
"htu": "希圖語",
"hu": "匈牙利語",
"hub": "關必沙語",
"huc": "霍安語",
"hud": "胡奧盧語",
"huf": "胡梅內語",
"hug": "胡阿齊派爾語",
"huh": "維利切語",
"hui": "胡利語",
"huj": "北部貴陽苗語",
"huk": "胡隆語",
"hul": "Hula",
"hum": "洪加納語",
"huo": "戶語",
"hup": "胡帕語",
"huq": "回輝語",
"hur": "哈爾魁梅林語",
"hus": "瓦斯特克語",
"huu": "穆魯伊維托托語",
"huv": "華韋語",
"huw": "胡庫米納語",
"hux": "努波伊維托托語",
"huy": "胡老拉語",
"huz": "洪濟布語",
"hvc": "海地巫毒文化語",
"hvk": "哈韋克語",
"hvn": "哈烏語",
"hwa": "韋恩語",
"hwc": "夏威夷克里奧爾語",
"hwo": "華納語",
"hy": "亞美尼亞語",
"hya": "希亞語",
"hyx-pro": "原始亞美尼亞語",
"hz": "赫雷羅語",
"ia": "因特語",
"iai": "Iaai",
"ian": "Iatmul",
"iar": "普拉里語",
"iba": "伊班語",
"ibb": "伊比比奧語",
"ibd": "伊瓦加語",
"ibe": "阿克佩斯語",
"ibg": "伊巴納格語",
"ibh": "比赫語",
"ibl": "伊巴洛伊語",
"ibm": "阿戈伊語",
"ibn": "伊比諾語",
"ibr": "伊布奧羅語",
"ibu": "伊布語",
"iby": "伊巴尼語",
"ica": "Ede Ica",
"ich": "Etkywan",
"icl": "冰島手語",
"icr": "島嶼克里奧爾英語",
"id": "印尼語",
"ida": "Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki",
"idb": "印度葡萄牙語",
"idc": "伊當語",
"idd": "Ede Idaca",
"ide": "伊德雷語",
"idi": "伊迪語",
"idr": "因德里語",
"ids": "伊德薩語",
"idt": "Idaté",
"idu": "伊多馬語",
"ie": "西方國際語",
"ifa": "Amganad Ifugao",
"ifb": "巴塔德伊富高語",
"ife": "伊費語",
"iff": "伊福語",
"ifk": "圖瓦利伊富高語",
"ifm": "Teke-Fuumu",
"ifu": "馬尤瑤-伊富高語",
"ify": "Keley-I Kallahan",
"ig": "伊博語",
"igb": "埃比拉語",
"ige": "伊蓋德語",
"igg": "伊加納語",
"igl": "伊加拉語",
"igm": "康加佩語",
"ign": "Ignaciano",
"igo": "伊塞貝語",
"igs": "格羅沙語",
"igw": "伊圭語",
"ihb": "皮欽伊哈語",
"ihi": "Ihievbe",
"ihp": "伊哈語",
"ii": "彝語",
"iir-nur-pro": "原始努利斯坦語",
"iir-pro": "原始印度-伊朗語",
"ijc": "伊宗語",
"ije": "比塞尼語",
"ijj": "Ede Ije",
"ijn": "卡拉巴里語",
"ijo-pro": "原始伊爵語",
"ijs": "阿卡哈語",
"ik": "伊努皮克語",
"ike": "東加拿大伊努克提圖特語",
"iki": "伊科語",
"ikk": "伊卡語",
"ikl": "伊庫盧語",
"iko": "Olulumo-Ikom",
"ikp": "Ikpeshi",
"ikr": "伊卡蘭加爾語",
"iks": "因紐特手語",
"ikt": "Inuvialuktun",
"ikv": "Iku-Gora-Ankwa",
"ikw": "伊奎勒語",
"ikx": "伊克語",
"ikz": "伊基祖語",
"ila": "伊萊阿佩語",
"ilb": "伊拉語",
"ilg": "伊爾加爾語",
"ili": "土爾克語",
"ilk": "伊隆戈語",
"ill": "伊拉努語",
"ilo": "伊洛卡諾語",
"ils": "國際手語",
"ilu": "依利翁語",
"ilv": "Ilue",
"ima": "馬拉馬拉薩爾語",
"imi": "阿納姆古拉語",
"iml": "米盧克語",
"imn": "伊蒙達語",
"imo": "Imbongu",
"imr": "因羅英語",
"ims": "馬爾西語",
"imy": "彌呂亞語",
"inb": "因加語",
"inc-apa": "阿帕布拉姆沙語",
"inc-ash": "阿輸迦普拉克里特語",
"inc-dng-pro": "Proto-Dangari",
"inc-kam": "迦摩縷波普拉克里特語",
"inc-kho": "科羅斯語",
"inc-khr": "Khortha",
"inc-krd-pro": "原始卡姆塔語",
"inc-mas": "中古阿薩姆語",
"inc-mbn": "中古孟加拉語",
"inc-mgu": "中古古吉拉特語",
"inc-mor": "中古奧里亞語",
"inc-oas": "古阿薩姆語",
"inc-oaw": "古阿瓦德語",
"inc-obn": "古孟加拉語",
"inc-ogu": "古古吉拉特語",
"inc-ohi": "古印地語",
"inc-oor": "古奧里亞語",
"inc-opa": "古旁遮普語",
"inc-pro": "原始印度-雅利安語",
"inc-sar": "Sarazi",
"ine-ana-pro": "原始安納托利亞語",
"ine-bsl-pro": "原始波羅的-斯拉夫語",
"ine-kal": "卡拉什瑪語",
"ine-pae": "培奧尼亞語",
"ine-pro": "原始印歐語",
"ine-toc-pro": "原始吐火羅語",
"ing": "Deg Xinag",
"inh": "印古什語",
"inj": "叢林因加語",
"inl": "印尼手語",
"inm": "密尼安語",
"inn": "伊斯奈語",
"ino": "伊諾凱-亞特語",
"inp": "伊尼亞帕里語",
"ins": "印度手語",
"int": "Intha",
"inz": "伊內塞諾語",
"io": "伊多語",
"ior": "伊諾爾語",
"iou": "圖馬-伊魯姆語",
"iow": "奇維雷語",
"ipi": "伊皮利語",
"ipo": "伊皮科語",
"iqu": "伊基托語",
"iqw": "伊闊語",
"ira-kms-pro": "原始塞姆南語",
"ira-mny-pro": "原始蒙賈尼伊特格哈語",
"ira-mpr-pro": "原始米底-安息語",
"ira-pat-pro": "原始普什圖語",
"ira-pro": "原始伊朗語",
"ira-sgc-pro": "原始粟特語",
"ira-sgi-pro": "原始桑格萊奇伊什卡什米語",
"ira-shr-pro": "原始舒格南羅尚語",
"ira-shy-pro": "原始舒格南雅茲古拉米語",
"ira-sym-pro": "原始舒格南雅茲古拉米蒙賈尼語",
"ira-wnj": "Vanji",
"ira-zgr-pro": "原始扎扎其古拉尼語",
"ire": "Iresim",
"irh": "伊拉魯圖語",
"iri": "利圭語",
"irk": "伊拉庫語",
"irn": "伊蘭謝語",
"iro-ere": "Erie",
"iro-min": "明戈語",
"iro-nor-pro": "原始北易洛魁語",
"iro-pro": "原始易洛魁語",
"irr": "伊爾語",
"iru": "伊魯拉語",
"irx": "坎貝勞語",
"iry": "伊拉雅語",
"is": "冰島語",
"isa": "伊薩比語",
"isc": "伊斯孔納瓦語",
"isd": "伊斯納格語",
"ise": "意大利手語",
"isg": "愛爾蘭手語",
"ish": "埃桑語",
"isi": "恩凱姆-恩庫姆語",
"isk": "伊什卡什米語",
"ism": "馬斯馬斯語",
"isn": "伊桑朱語",
"iso": "伊索科語",
"isr": "以色列手語",
"ist": "伊斯特拉語",
"isu": "Isu",
"isv": "斯拉夫共通語",
"it": "意大利語",
"itb": "比諾岸伊特內格語",
"itc-pro": "原始意大利語",
"itc-psa": "前薩莫奈語",
"itd": "南帝東語",
"ite": "伊特內語",
"iti": "因勞德伊特內格語",
"itk": "猶太-意大利語",
"itl": "伊捷爾緬語",
"itm": "Itu Mbon Uzo",
"ito": "伊托納馬語",
"itr": "伊特里語",
"its": "伊塞基里語",
"itt": "馬恩伊特內格語",
"itv": "伊塔維特語",
"itw": "Ito",
"itx": "伊蒂克語",
"ity": "莫亞丹伊特內格語",
"itz": "伊特扎語",
"iu": "因紐特語",
"ium": "勉語",
"ivb": "伊巴丹語",
"ivv": "伊萬特語",
"iwk": "伊-瓦克語",
"iwm": "伊瓦姆語",
"iwo": "伊烏爾語",
"iws": "塞皮克伊瓦姆語",
"ixc": "伊斯卡特語",
"ixl": "伊克西爾語",
"iya": "伊亞尤語",
"iyo": "梅薩卡語",
"iyx": "亞阿語",
"izh": "英格里亞語",
"izi": "Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo",
"izr": "伊澤雷語",
"izz": "伊齊語",
"ja": "日語",
"jaa": "賈瑪瑪蒂語",
"jab": "希雅姆語",
"jac": "雅卡爾泰克語",
"jad": "賈肯克語",
"jae": "賈貝姆語",
"jaf": "賈拉語",
"jah": "賈胡特語",
"jaj": "扎召語",
"jal": "雅拉哈坦語",
"jam": "牙買加克里奧爾語",
"jan": "詹代語",
"jao": "揚尤瓦語",
"jaq": "雅凱語",
"jas": "新喀里多尼亞爪哇語",
"jat": "傑卡提語",
"jau": "瑤爾語",
"jax": "占碑馬來語",
"jay": "Yan-nhangu",
"jaz": "賈韋語",
"jbi": "Badjiri",
"jbj": "Arandai",
"jbk": "Barikewa",
"jbn": "內富沙語",
"jbo": "邏輯語",
"jbr": "約福特克-布羅姆尼亞語",
"jbt": "Jabutí",
"jbu": "朱昆語",
"jbw": "Yawijibaya",
"jcs": "牙買加國家手語",
"jct": "克里姆查克語",
"jda": "賈德語",
"jdg": "賈德加里語",
"jdt": "猶太-塔特語",
"jeb": "赫維羅語",
"jee": "杰龍語",
"jeg": "Jeng",
"jeh": "葉語",
"jei": "耶伊語",
"jek": "Jeri Kuo",
"jel": "耶爾梅克語",
"jen": "德扎語",
"jer": "Jere",
"jet": "Manem",
"jeu": "Jonkor Bourmataguil",
"jgb": "Ngbee",
"jgk": "瓜克語",
"jgo": "恩格姆巴語",
"jhi": "賈海語",
"jhs": "Jhankot Sign Language",
"jia": "吉納語",
"jib": "吉布語",
"jic": "希卡克語",
"jid": "布語",
"jie": "吉貝語",
"jig": "金古魯語",
"jih": "上寨語",
"jii": "吉杜語",
"jil": "吉林語",
"jim": "津吉門語",
"jio": "加茂語",
"jiq": "綽斯甲語",
"jit": "吉塔語",
"jiu": "攸樂基諾語",
"jiv": "舒阿爾語",
"jiy": "補遠基諾語",
"jje": "濟州語",
"jjr": "Zhár",
"jka": "卡艾拉語",
"jko": "庫伯語",
"jkp": "Paku Karen",
"jkr": "克羅語",
"jku": "拉比爾語",
"jle": "恩吉雷語",
"jls": "牙買加手語",
"jma": "Dima",
"jmb": "宗本語",
"jmc": "馬恰美語",
"jmd": "延德納語",
"jmi": "Jimi",
"jml": "瓊里語",
"jmn": "馬庫里語",
"jmr": "卡馬拉語",
"jmw": "穆瓦塞語",
"jmx": "西尤斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語",
"jna": "藏雄語",
"jnd": "Jandavra",
"jng": "揚曼語",
"jni": "Janji",
"jnj": "耶姆薩語",
"jnl": "Rawat",
"jns": "焦恩沙里語",
"job": "Joba",
"jod": "沃傑納卡語",
"jor": "Jorá",
"jos": "約旦手語",
"jow": "Jowulu",
"jpr": "猶太-波斯語",
"jpx-hcj": "八丈語",
"jpx-pro": "原始日語",
"jpx-ryu-pro": "原始琉球語",
"jqr": "賈卡魯語",
"jra": "嘉萊語",
"jrr": "吉魯語",
"jru": "賈普雷里亞語",
"jsl": "日本手語",
"jua": "茹馬語",
"jub": "萬努語",
"juc": "女真語",
"jud": "Worodougou",
"juh": "霍內語",
"jui": "恩加朱里語",
"juk": "瓦潘語",
"jul": "幾熱爾語",
"jum": "朱姆朱姆語",
"jun": "Juang",
"juo": "吉巴語",
"jup": "胡普語",
"jur": "朱如納語",
"jus": "朱姆拉手語",
"jut": "日德蘭語",
"juu": "Ju",
"juw": "Wãpha",
"juy": "Juray",
"jv": "爪哇語",
"jvd": "Javindo",
"jvn": "加勒比爪哇語",
"jwi": "Jwira-Pepesa",
"jyy": "賈亞語",
"ka": "格魯吉亞語",
"kaa": "卡拉卡爾帕克語",
"kab": "卡拜爾語",
"kac": "景頗語",
"kad": "卡達拉語",
"kae": "凱達格蘭語",
"kaf": "卡卓語",
"kag": "卡亞曼語",
"kah": "Fer",
"kai": "卡雷卡雷語",
"kaj": "卡捷語",
"kak": "卡亞帕卡拉漢語",
"kam": "卡姆巴語",
"kao": "Kassonke",
"kap": "別日塔語",
"kaq": "Capanahua",
"kar-pro": "原始克倫語",
"kaw": "古爪哇語",
"kax": "Kao",
"kay": "卡馬幽拉語",
"kba": "卡拉爾科語",
"kbb": "Kaxuyana",
"kbc": "卡吉威語",
"kbd": "東切爾克斯語",
"kbe": "坎朱語",
"kbh": "卡姆薩語",
"kbi": "卡普提奧語",
"kbj": "Kari",
"kbk": "格拉斯科亞里語",
"kbm": "伊瓦爾語",
"kbn": "卡雷語 (非洲)",
"kbo": "凱利科語",
"kbp": "卡比耶語",
"kbq": "卡馬諾語",
"kbr": "卡法語",
"kbs": "Kande",
"kbt": "加巴迪語",
"kbu": "卡布特拉語",
"kbv": "Kamberataro",
"kbw": "凱埃普語",
"kbx": "阿普馬語",
"kbz": "杜華語",
"kca-eas": "東漢特語",
"kca-nor": "北漢特語",
"kca-pro": "原始漢特語",
"kca-sou": "南漢特語",
"kcb": "Kawacha",
"kcc": "Lubila",
"kcd": "Ngkâlmpw Kanum",
"kce": "Kaivi",
"kcf": "Ukaan",
"kcg": "卡塔布語",
"kch": "沃諾語",
"kci": "Kamantan",
"kcj": "Kobiana",
"kck": "Kalanga",
"kcl": "克拉語",
"kcm": "Tar Gula",
"kcn": "努比語",
"kco": "基納拉克納語",
"kcp": "Kanga",
"kcq": "卡莫語",
"kcr": "卡特拉語",
"kcs": "Koenoem",
"kct": "Kaian",
"kcu": "奇卡米語",
"kcv": "Kete",
"kcw": "Kabwari",
"kcx": "卡查馬-甘朱勒語",
"kcy": "Korandje",
"kcz": "Konongo",
"kda": "沃里米語",
"kdc": "庫圖語",
"kdd": "揚昆塔賈拉語",
"kde": "馬孔德語",
"kdf": "馬穆西語",
"kdg": "Seba",
"kdh": "Tem",
"kdi": "Kumam",
"kdj": "卡拉莫瓊語",
"kdk": "努梅埃語",
"kdl": "Tsikimba",
"kdm": "卡戈馬語",
"kdn": "Kunda",
"kdp": "Kaningdon-Nindem",
"kdq": "科奇語",
"kdr": "卡拉伊姆語",
"kdt": "歸語",
"kdu": "卡達魯語",
"kdv": "Kado",
"kdw": "Koneraw",
"kdx": "Kam",
"kdy": "Keder",
"kdz": "Kwaja",
"kea": "佛得角克里奧爾語",
"keb": "科勒語",
"kec": "Keiga",
"ked": "克雷維語",
"kee": "東克勒斯語",
"kef": "克佩西語",
"keg": "Tese",
"keh": "凱克語",
"kei": "Kei",
"kej": "Kadar",
"kek": "凱克奇語",
"kel": "Kela-Yela",
"kem": "克馬克語",
"ken": "肯揚語",
"keo": "卡夸語",
"kep": "Kaikadi",
"keq": "卡馬爾語",
"ker": "Kera",
"kes": "Kugbo",
"ket": "凱特語",
"keu": "Akebu",
"kev": "卡尼卡蘭語",
"kew": "柯瓦語",
"kex": "庫克納語",
"key": "庫皮亞語",
"kez": "庫凱萊語",
"kfa": "戈達瓦語",
"kfb": "科拉米語",
"kfc": "孔達-多拉語",
"kfd": "Korra Koraga",
"kfe": "Kota (India)",
"kff": "Koya",
"kfg": "庫迪亞語",
"kfh": "Kurichiya",
"kfi": "Kannada Kurumba",
"kfj": "克蔑語",
"kfk": "金瑙里語",
"kfl": "Kung",
"kfn": "庫克語",
"kfo": "科羅語(西非)",
"kfp": "科爾瓦語",
"kfq": "科爾庫語",
"kfr": "喀奇語",
"kfs": "比拉斯普里語",
"kft": "坎賈里語",
"kfu": "卡特卡里語",
"kfv": "庫爾穆卡爾語",
"kfw": "Kharam Naga",
"kfx": "庫魯帕哈里語",
"kfy": "庫矛語",
"kfz": "Koromfé",
"kg": "剛果語",
"kga": "Koyaga",
"kgb": "Kawe",
"kgd": "卡唐語",
"kge": "柯莫林語",
"kgf": "庫貝語",
"kgg": "庫松達語",
"kgi": "雪蘭莪手語",
"kgj": "加馬爾卡姆語",
"kgk": "卡伊瓦語",
"kgl": "昆加里語",
"kgn": "卡林加里語",
"kgo": "克龍戈語",
"kgp": "坎剛語",
"kgq": "卡莫羅語",
"kgr": "阿本語",
"kgs": "貢邦加爾語",
"kgt": "桑耶夫語",
"kgu": "Kobol",
"kgv": "卡拉斯語",
"kgw": "Karon Dori",
"kgx": "加馬魯語",
"kgy": "Kyerung",
"kha": "卡西語",
"khb": "傣仂語",
"khc": "北部杜剛貝西語",
"khd": "Bädi Kanum",
"khe": "Korowai",
"khf": "佛教克木語",
"khh": "Kehu",
"khi-kho-pro": "原始科伊語",
"khi-kun": "亢語",
"khj": "庫圖爾米語",
"khl": "盧西語",
"kho": "和闐語",
"khp": "Kapauri",
"khq": "西桑海語",
"khr": "卡里亞語",
"khs": "卡蘇阿語",
"kht": "坎底語",
"khu": "恩庫姆比語",
"khv": "赫瓦爾什語",
"khw": "科瓦語",
"khx": "卡努語",
"khy": "埃凱萊語",
"khz": "凱帕拉語",
"ki": "基庫尤語",
"kia": "基姆語",
"kib": "Koalib",
"kic": "基卡普語",
"kid": "科欣語",
"kie": "Kibet",
"kif": "東帕巴特卡姆語",
"kig": "基馬阿馬語",
"kih": "基爾梅里語",
"kii": "Kitsai",
"kij": "基里維納語",
"kil": "卡里亞語",
"kim": "圖法語",
"kio": "基奧瓦語",
"kip": "謝希卡姆語",
"kiq": "Kosadle",
"kis": "基斯語",
"kit": "阿戈布語",
"kiv": "金布語",
"kiw": "東北基瓦伊語",
"kix": "坎紐昂那加語",
"kiy": "基里基里語",
"kiz": "基希語",
"kj": "寬亞瑪語",
"kja": "姆拉普語",
"kjb": "坎霍瓦爾語",
"kjc": "孔喬語",
"kjd": "南基瓦伊語",
"kje": "基薩爾語",
"kjg": "克木語",
"kjh": "哈卡斯語",
"kji": "扎巴納語",
"kjj": "奇納魯格語",
"kjk": "高地孔喬語",
"kjl": "西帕巴特卡姆語",
"kjm": "Kháng",
"kjn": "昆堅語",
"kjo": "哈里詹金瑙里語",
"kjp": "東波克倫語",
"kjq": "西凱雷斯語",
"kjr": "庫魯杜語",
"kjs": "東柯瓦語",
"kjt": "Phrae Pwo",
"kju": "卡沙亞語",
"kjx": "克里阿卡語",
"kjy": "Erave",
"kjz": "布姆唐語",
"kk": "哈薩克語",
"kka": "卡坎達語",
"kkb": "Kwerisa",
"kkc": "Odoodee",
"kkd": "Kinuku",
"kke": "Kakabe",
"kkf": "噶拉塘門巴語",
"kkg": "瑪巴佳卡林阿語",
"kkh": "傣艮語",
"kki": "卡古盧語",
"kkj": "卡庫語",
"kkk": "科科塔語",
"kkl": "Kosarek Yale",
"kkm": "Kiong",
"kkn": "Kon Keu",
"kko": "Karko",
"kkp": "古古-貝拉語",
"kkq": "Kaiku",
"kkr": "Kir-Balar",
"kks": "基爾菲語",
"kkt": "Koi",
"kku": "Tumi",
"kkv": "Kangean",
"kkw": "Teke-Kukuya",
"kkx": "Kohin",
"kky": "古古伊米吉爾語",
"kkz": "卡斯卡語",
"kl": "格陵蘭語",
"kla": "克拉馬斯語",
"klb": "基利瓦語",
"klc": "科爾比拉語",
"kld": "卡米拉瑞語",
"kle": "Kulung",
"klf": "Kendeje",
"klg": "達雅高路加拉岸語",
"klh": "Weliki",
"kli": "卡倫邦語",
"klj": "哈拉吉語",
"klk": "Kono (Nigeria)",
"kll": "Kagan Kalagan",
"klm": "科龍語",
"kln": "卡倫金語",
"klo": "Kapya",
"klp": "卡馬薩語",
"klq": "魯姆語",
"klr": "喀靈語",
"kls": "卡拉什語",
"klt": "Nukna",
"klu": "Klao",
"klv": "馬斯克林斯語",
"klw": "林杜語",
"klx": "科盧瓦瓦語",
"kly": "佳僚語",
"klz": "Kabola",
"km": "高棉語",
"kma": "孔尼語",
"kmb": "金邦杜語",
"kmc": "南侗語",
"kmd": "馬杜卡揚卡林阿語",
"kme": "Bakole",
"kmf": "卡雷語 (新幾內亞)",
"kmg": "柯特語",
"kmh": "卡蘭語",
"kmi": "卡米語",
"kmj": "Kumarbhag Paharia",
"kmk": "利莫斯卡林阿語",
"kml": "大努丹卡林阿語",
"kmm": "Kom (India)",
"kmn": "奧圖烏語",
"kmo": "克沃馬語",
"kmp": "吉梅語",
"kmq": "夸馬語",
"kmr": "北庫爾德語",
"kms": "卡馬撒烏語",
"kmt": "肯圖伊克語",
"kmu": "卡尼特語",
"kmv": "加里布納語",
"kmw": "庫姆語",
"kmx": "馬卡揚語",
"kmy": "科馬語",
"kmz": "呼羅珊尼土耳其語",
"kn": "卡納達語",
"kna": "卡納庫魯語",
"knb": "盧布阿甘卡林阿語",
"knd": "孔達語",
"kne": "坎卡奈語",
"knf": "曼卡尼亞語",
"kni": "卡努菲語",
"knj": "阿卡特克語",
"knk": "庫蘭科語",
"knl": "克寧賈爾語",
"knm": "卡那馬里語",
"kno": "Kono (Sierra Leone)",
"knp": "寬賈語",
"knq": "金塔克語",
"knr": "卡寧拉語",
"kns": "肯休語",
"knt": "Katukina",
"knu": "Kono (Guinea)",
"knv": "塔博語",
"knx": "肯達揚語",
"kny": "Kanyok",
"knz": "Kalamsé",
"ko": "朝鮮語",
"ko-ear": "近世朝鮮語",
"koa": "科諾馬拉語",
"koc": "克帕蒂語",
"kod": "科迪語",
"koe": "Kacipo-Balesi",
"kof": "庫比語",
"kog": "Cogui",
"koh": "科約語",
"koi": "彼爾姆科米語",
"kok": "孔卡尼語",
"kol": "科爾語 (新幾內亞)",
"koo": "宮酉語",
"kop": "克瓦托語",
"koq": "Kota (Gabon)",
"kos": "科斯雷恩語",
"kot": "Lagwan",
"kou": "科克語",
"kov": "Kudu-Camo",
"kow": "Kugama",
"koy": "Koyukon",
"koz": "科拉克語",
"kpa": "Kutto",
"kpb": "Mullu Kurumba",
"kpc": "古里巴克語",
"kpd": "Koba",
"kpe": "克佩列語",
"kpf": "孔巴語",
"kpg": "卡平阿馬朗伊語",
"kph": "克普朗語",
"kpi": "Kofei",
"kpj": "卡拉賈語",
"kpk": "克潘語",
"kpl": "克帕拉語",
"kpm": "格賀語",
"kpn": "Kepkiriwát",
"kpo": "伊克波索語",
"kpq": "Korupun-Sela",
"kpr": "科拉費語",
"kps": "Tehit",
"kpt": "卡拉塔語",
"kpu": "Kafoa",
"kpv": "茲梁科米語",
"kpw": "科本語",
"kpx": "Mountain Koiari",
"kpy": "科里亞克語",
"kpz": "Kupsabiny",
"kqa": "Mum",
"kqb": "科維語",
"kqc": "Doromu-Koki",
"kqd": "庫伊桑賈格敘利亞語",
"kqe": "卡拉甘語",
"kqf": "卡卡拜語",
"kqg": "Khe",
"kqh": "基桑卡薩語",
"kqi": "科伊塔布語",
"kqj": "科羅米拉語",
"kqk": "Kotafon Gbe",
"kql": "Kyenele",
"kqm": "Khisa",
"kqn": "卡翁德語",
"kqo": "Eastern Krahn",
"kqp": "Kimré",
"kqq": "克勒納克語",
"kqr": "基馬拉岡語",
"kqs": "Northern Kissi",
"kqt": "Klias River Kadazan",
"kqu": "Seroa",
"kqv": "Okolod",
"kqw": "坎達語",
"kqx": "Mser",
"kqy": "Koorete",
"kqz": "Korana",
"kr": "卡努里語",
"kra": "Kumhali",
"krb": "Karkin",
"krc": "卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語",
"krd": "Kairui-Midiki",
"kre": "巴拉那語",
"krf": "柯羅語 (萬那杜)",
"krh": "Kurama",
"kri": "塞拉利昂克里奧爾語",
"krj": "基那來阿語",
"krk": "克列克語",
"krl": "卡累利阿語",
"krm": "Krim",
"krn": "Sapo",
"kro-pro": "原始克魯語",
"krp": "Korop",
"krr": "Kru'ng",
"krs": "Kresh",
"kru": "庫魯克語",
"krv": "Kavet",
"krw": "Western Krahn",
"krx": "Karon",
"kry": "克里茨語",
"krz": "Sota Kanum",
"ks": "克什米爾語",
"ksa": "Shuwa-Zamani",
"ksb": "尚巴拉語",
"ksc": "南卡林阿語",
"ksd": "庫阿努阿語",
"kse": "庫尼語",
"ksf": "巴菲亞語",
"ksg": "Kusaghe",
"ksi": "伊薩卡語",
"ksj": "夸萊語",
"ksk": "堪薩語",
"ksl": "庫馬爾語",
"ksm": "Kumba",
"ksn": "Kasiguranin",
"kso": "Kofa",
"ksp": "Kaba",
"ksq": "Kwaami",
"ksr": "博隆語",
"kss": "Southern Kissi",
"kst": "Winyé",
"ksu": "坎佯語",
"ksv": "Kusu",
"ksw": "斯高克倫語",
"ksx": "Kedang",
"ksy": "卡里亞塔爾語",
"ksz": "Kodaku",
"kta": "歌須語",
"ktb": "卡姆巴塔語",
"ktc": "Kholok",
"ktd": "科卡塔語",
"ktf": "Kwami",
"ktg": "卡爾庫通語",
"kth": "Karanga",
"kti": "North Muyu",
"ktj": "Plapo Krumen",
"ktk": "卡聶特語",
"ktl": "Koroshi",
"ktm": "庫爾提語",
"ktn": "佳里其阿納語",
"kto": "庫特語",
"ktp": "卡多語",
"ktq": "Katabaga",
"kts": "South Muyu",
"ktt": "Ketum",
"ktu": "吉土巴語",
"ktv": "東戈都語",
"ktw": "卡托語",
"ktx": "嘉夏拉里語",
"kty": "Kango",
"ktz": "朱洪語",
"ku-pro": "原始庫爾德語",
"kub": "Kutep",
"kuc": "Kwinsu",
"kud": "奧赫拉瓦語",
"kue": "庫曼語",
"kuf": "西戈都語",
"kug": "Kupa",
"kuh": "Kushi",
"kui": "鳩古洛語",
"kuj": "庫里亞語",
"kuk": "Kepo'",
"kul": "庫萊雷語",
"kum": "庫梅克語",
"kun": "庫納馬語",
"kuo": "庫莫基奧語",
"kup": "庫尼邁帕語",
"kuq": "卡里普納語",
"kus": "Kusaal",
"kut": "庫特奈語",
"kuu": "上卡斯科奎姆語",
"kuv": "Kur",
"kuw": "克帕古阿語",
"kux": "庫卡吉語",
"kuy": "庫庫-亞烏語",
"kuz": "坤扎語",
"kva": "巴格瓦拉爾語",
"kvb": "庫布語",
"kvc": "科維語",
"kvd": "庫伊語 (印尼)",
"kve": "Kalabakan",
"kvf": "卡巴萊語",
"kvg": "博阿齊語",
"kvh": "科莫多語",
"kvi": "孔語",
"kvj": "普西基耶語",
"kvk": "韓國手語",
"kvl": "Brek Karen",
"kvm": "Kendem",
"kvn": "Border Kuna",
"kvo": "多貝爾語",
"kvp": "孔帕內語",
"kvq": "Geba Karen",
"kvr": "葛林芝語",
"kvt": "Lahta Karen",
"kvu": "Yinbaw Karen",
"kvv": "可拉語",
"kvw": "維爾辛語",
"kvx": "帕卡里科里語",
"kvy": "Yintale Karen",
"kvz": "Tsakwambo",
"kw": "康沃爾語",
"kwa": "道語",
"kwb": "巴阿語",
"kwc": "利夸拉語",
"kwd": "Kwaio",
"kwe": "奎爾巴語",
"kwf": "夸拉阿埃語",
"kwg": "Sara Kaba Deme",
"kwh": "科韋埃語",
"kwi": "Awa-Cuaiquer",
"kwj": "克萬加語",
"kwk": "夸克瓦拉語",
"kwl": "科菲亞爾語",
"kwm": "Kwambi",
"kwn": "克萬加里語",
"kwo": "孔塔里語",
"kwp": "科迪亞語",
"kwq": "克瓦克語",
"kwr": "Kwer",
"kws": "Kwese",
"kwt": "奎斯滕語",
"kwu": "克瓦庫姆語",
"kwv": "Sara Kaba Náà",
"kww": "昆蒂語",
"kwx": "基瓦爾語",
"kwz": "克瓦迪語",
"kxa": "凱里魯語",
"kxb": "克羅布語",
"kxc": "Khonso",
"kxd": "汶萊馬來語",
"kxe": "Kakihum",
"kxf": "Manumanaw Karen",
"kxh": "卡羅語",
"kxi": "Keningau Murut",
"kxj": "Kulfa",
"kxk": "Zayein Karen",
"kxm": "北部高棉語",
"kxn": "加拿逸語",
"kxo": "加諾威語",
"kxp": "瓦迪雅拉科里語",
"kxq": "Smärky Kanum",
"kxr": "柯羅語 (新幾內亞)",
"kxs": "康家語",
"kxt": "科伊瓦特語",
"kxu": "庫伊語 (印度)",
"kxv": "庫維語",
"kxw": "科奈語",
"kxx": "Likuba",
"kxy": "歌庸語",
"kxz": "克雷沃語",
"ky": "吉爾吉斯語",
"kya": "克瓦亞語",
"kyb": "布特布特卡林阿語",
"kyc": "基亞卡語",
"kyd": "卡雷語",
"kye": "克拉奇語",
"kyf": "庫亞語",
"kyg": "克亞加納語",
"kyh": "卡魯克語",
"kyi": "基普特語",
"kyj": "加勞語",
"kyk": "卡馬尤語",
"kyl": "卡拉普亞語",
"kym": "克帕蒂利語",
"kyn": "Karolanos",
"kyo": "科龍語",
"kyp": "Kang",
"kyq": "肯加語",
"kyr": "古魯艾阿語",
"kys": "巴蘭加央語",
"kyt": "卡雅加爾語",
"kyu": "西克耶語",
"kyv": "Kayort",
"kyw": "庫德馬里語",
"kyx": "拉波伊斯語",
"kyy": "坎拜拉語",
"kyz": "卡阿比語",
"kza": "西卡拉博羅語",
"kzb": "凱博博語",
"kzc": "Bondoukou Kulango",
"kzd": "Kadai",
"kzf": "達阿-凱利語",
"kzg": "喜界語",
"kzh": "Dongolawi",
"kzi": "加拉畢語",
"kzj": "海岸卡達山語",
"kzk": "Kazukuru",
"kzl": "Kayeli",
"kzm": "凱斯語",
"kzn": "Kokola",
"kzo": "卡寧吉語",
"kzp": "凱迪邦語",
"kzq": "凱克語",
"kzr": "卡壤語",
"kzs": "Sugut Dusun",
"kzu": "卡尤普勞語",
"kzv": "孔延達雷特語",
"kzw": "加里里語",
"kzx": "卡馬利安語",
"kzy": "Kango-Sua",
"kzz": "卡拉布拉語",
"la": "拉丁語",
"laa": "拉布揚-蘇巴農語",
"lab": "線形文字A",
"lac": "拉坎敦語",
"lad": "拉蒂諾語",
"lae": "Pattani",
"laf": "拉福法語",
"lag": "朗吉語",
"lah": "蘭達語",
"lai": "拉姆比亞語",
"laj": "蘭戈語 (烏干達)",
"lak": "拉卡語",
"lam": "蘭巴語",
"lan": "Laru",
"lap": "Kabba-Laka",
"laq": "普標語",
"lar": "Larteh",
"las": "古爾拉瑪語",
"lau": "拉巴語",
"law": "勞捷語",
"lax": "提瓦語",
"lay": "拉瑪白語",
"laz": "Aribwatsa",
"lb": "盧森堡語",
"lbb": "拉貝爾語",
"lbc": "拉珈語",
"lbe": "拉克語",
"lbf": "蒂南語",
"lbg": "老潘語",
"lbi": "La'bi",
"lbj": "拉達克語",
"lbk": "中邦托克語",
"lbl": "利邦比科爾語",
"lbm": "洛迪語",
"lbn": "Lamet",
"lbo": "Laven",
"lbq": "Wampar",
"lbr": "Northern Lorung",
"lbs": "利比亞手語",
"lbt": "拉基語",
"lbu": "拉布語",
"lbv": "拉瓦特布拉語",
"lbw": "多樂基語",
"lbx": "拉望岸語",
"lby": "Lamu-Lamu",
"lbz": "拉爾迪爾語",
"lcc": "Legenyem",
"lcd": "羅拉語",
"lce": "隆聰語",
"lcf": "盧布語",
"lch": "Luchazi",
"lcl": "利塞拉語",
"lcm": "通加格語",
"lcp": "西拉威語",
"lcq": "Luhu",
"lcs": "Lisabata-Nuniali",
"lda": "Kla",
"ldb": "Idun",
"ldd": "Luri (Nigeria)",
"ldg": "Lenyima",
"ldh": "Lamja-Dengsa-Tola",
"ldj": "Lemoro",
"ldk": "Leelau",
"ldl": "Kaan",
"ldm": "Landoma",
"ldn": "拉丹語",
"ldo": "洛奧語",
"ldp": "措語",
"ldq": "魯夫語",
"lea": "Lega-Shabunda",
"leb": "拉拉-布桑西語",
"lec": "Leco",
"led": "Lendu",
"lee": "Lyélé",
"lef": "勒勒米語",
"leh": "倫杰語",
"lei": "萊米奧語",
"lej": "Lengola",
"lek": "雷彭語",
"lel": "勒勒語 (剛果)",
"lem": "Nomaande",
"len": "Honduran Lenca",
"leo": "Leti (Cameroon)",
"lep": "絨巴語",
"leq": "倫貝納語",
"ler": "倫考語",
"les": "萊塞語",
"let": "萊辛-戈利米語",
"leu": "卡拉語 (新幾內亞)",
"lev": "蘭馬語",
"lew": "列多-凱利語",
"lex": "Luang",
"ley": "雷摩朗語",
"lez": "列茲金語",
"lfa": "Lefa",
"lfn": "新共同語言",
"lg": "盧干達語",
"lga": "Lungga",
"lgb": "Laghu",
"lgg": "Lugbara",
"lgh": "拉余語",
"lgi": "Lengilu",
"lgk": "林加拉克語",
"lgl": "Wala",
"lgm": "Lega-Mwenga",
"lgn": "Opuuo",
"lgq": "Logba",
"lgr": "Lengo",
"lgs": "Guinea-Bissau Sign Language",
"lgt": "帕希語",
"lgu": "Longgu",
"lgz": "Ligenza",
"lha": "拉哈語(越南)",
"lhh": "Laha (Indonesia)",
"lhi": "拉祜西語",
"lhl": "拉胡爾洛哈爾語",
"lhn": "拉哈南語",
"lhp": "羅克普語",
"lhs": "Mlahsö",
"lht": "Lo-Toga",
"lhu": "拉祜語",
"li": "林堡語",
"lia": "West-Central Limba",
"lib": "利庫姆語",
"lic": "黎語",
"lid": "尼德魯語",
"lie": "Likila",
"lif": "林布語",
"lig": "利格比語",
"lih": "利希爾語",
"lii": "Lingkhim",
"lij": "利古里亞語",
"lik": "利卡語",
"lil": "利洛厄特語",
"lio": "利基語",
"lip": "塞克佩勒語",
"liq": "利比多語",
"lir": "利比里亞克里奧爾語",
"lis": "傈僳語",
"liu": "利古里達朱語",
"liv": "立窩尼亞語",
"liw": "Col",
"lix": "利亞布庫語",
"liy": "Banda-Bambari",
"liz": "Libinza",
"lja": "Golpa",
"lje": "冉姆彼語",
"lji": "萊右洛語",
"ljl": "Li'o",
"ljp": "阿比-楠榜語",
"ljw": "Yirandali",
"ljx": "尤魯語",
"lka": "Lakalei",
"lkb": "Kabras",
"lkc": "苦聰話",
"lkd": "Lakondê",
"lke": "Kenyi",
"lkh": "Lakha",
"lki": "拉科語",
"lkj": "Remun",
"lkl": "萊科語",
"lkm": "卡拉馬雅語",
"lkn": "Lakon",
"lko": "Khayo",
"lkr": "Päri",
"lks": "Kisa",
"lkt": "拉科塔語",
"lku": "昆卡里語",
"lky": "Lokoya",
"lla": "拉拉-羅巴語",
"llb": "Lolo",
"llc": "勒勒語 (幾內亞)",
"lld": "拉登語",
"lle": "勒勒語 (新幾內亞)",
"llf": "赫米特語",
"llg": "洛勒語",
"llh": "拉姆語",
"lli": "Teke-Laali",
"llj": "拉吉拉吉語",
"llk": "Lelak",
"lll": "利勞語",
"llm": "拉撒利姆語",
"lln": "勒勒語 (查德)",
"llp": "北埃法特語",
"llq": "洛拉克語",
"lls": "立陶宛手語",
"llu": "勞語",
"llx": "Lauan",
"lma": "East Limba",
"lmb": "Merei",
"lmc": "利米爾甘語",
"lmd": "Lumun",
"lme": "Pévé",
"lmf": "South Lembata",
"lmg": "拉莫加語",
"lmh": "Lambichhong",
"lmi": "Lombi",
"lmj": "West Lembata",
"lmk": "Lamkang",
"lml": "拉加語",
"lmn": "蘭巴蒂語",
"lmo": "倫巴底語",
"lmp": "Limbum",
"lmq": "Lamatuka",
"lmr": "Lamalera",
"lmu": "Lamenu",
"lmv": "Lomaiviti",
"lmw": "湖泊米沃克語",
"lmx": "Laimbue",
"lmy": "拉姆博亞語",
"ln": "林加拉語",
"lna": "蘭巴舍語",
"lnb": "姆巴蘭胡語",
"lnd": "弄巴灣語",
"lnh": "拉諾赫語",
"lni": "Daantanai'",
"lnj": "林吉提格語",
"lnl": "中南部班達語",
"lnm": "蘭加姆語",
"lnn": "Lorediakarkar",
"lno": "蘭戈語 (蘇丹)",
"lns": "Lamnso'",
"lnu": "隆古達語",
"lnw": "拉尼馬語",
"lo": "老撾語",
"loa": "洛洛達語",
"lob": "洛比語",
"loc": "伊農罕語",
"lod": "伯拉萬語",
"loe": "薩盧安語",
"lof": "洛戈爾語",
"log": "洛戈語",
"loh": "納里姆語",
"loi": "洛馬卡語",
"loj": "洛烏語",
"lok": "洛科語",
"lol": "芒戈語",
"lom": "Looma",
"lon": "Malawi Lomwe",
"loo": "朗博語",
"lop": "洛帕語",
"loq": "洛巴拉語",
"lor": "Téén",
"los": "洛尼烏語",
"lot": "洛圖科語",
"lou": "路易斯安那克里奧爾法語",
"lov": "水田語",
"low": "Tampias Lobu",
"lox": "Loun",
"loz": "洛齊語",
"lpa": "萊萊帕語",
"lpe": "Lepki",
"lpn": "Long Phuri Naga",
"lpo": "里潑語",
"lpx": "洛皮特語",
"lra": "拉拉巴卡提語",
"lrc": "北盧里語",
"lre": "勞倫特語",
"lrg": "拉拉吉亞語",
"lri": "Marachi",
"lrk": "洛亞基語",
"lrl": "拉里語",
"lrm": "Marama",
"lrn": "Lorang",
"lro": "Laro",
"lrr": "Southern Lorung",
"lrt": "Larantuka Malay",
"lrv": "Larevat",
"lrz": "Lemerig",
"lsa": "拉斯格爾迪語",
"lsb": "Burundian Sign Language",
"lsd": "李沙那德尼語",
"lse": "Lusengo",
"lsh": "利什語",
"lsi": "勒期語",
"lsl": "拉脫維亞手語",
"lsm": "Saamia",
"lsn": "西藏手語",
"lso": "老撾手語",
"lsp": "巴拿馬手語",
"lsr": "阿如歐普語",
"lss": "臘斯語",
"lst": "千里達及托巴哥手語",
"lsv": "西維亞手語",
"lsw": "Seychelles Sign Language",
"lsy": "毛里求斯手語",
"lt": "立陶宛語",
"ltc": "中古漢語",
"ltg": "拉特加萊語",
"lti": "勒蒂語",
"ltn": "Latundê",
"lto": "Olutsotso",
"lts": "Lutachoni",
"ltu": "拉圖語",
"lu": "盧巴卡丹加語",
"lua": "魯巴魯魯亞語",
"luc": "Aringa",
"lud": "盧迪茨語",
"lue": "盧瓦萊語",
"luf": "拉瓦語",
"luh": "雷州話",
"lui": "路易塞諾語",
"luj": "Luna",
"luk": "盧納納方言",
"lul": "Olu'bo",
"lum": "倫比語",
"lun": "盧恩達語",
"luo": "盧歐語",
"lup": "倫布語",
"luq": "盧庫米語",
"lur": "勞拉語",
"lus": "米佐語",
"lut": "盧紹錫德語",
"luu": "夜叉語",
"luv": "魯瓦蒂語",
"luy": "盧希亞語",
"luz": "南盧里語",
"lv": "拉脫維亞語",
"lva": "馬庫瓦語",
"lvi": "拉維語",
"lvk": "拉烏卡萊韋語",
"lvl": "盧韋爾語",
"lvu": "萊武卡語",
"lwa": "瓦盧語",
"lwe": "盧沃埃倫語",
"lwg": "旺加語",
"lwh": "白拉基語",
"lwl": "東拉威語",
"lwm": "老緬語",
"lwo": "盧沃語",
"lws": "馬拉威手語",
"lwt": "勒沃托比語",
"lwu": "拉武語",
"lww": "樂窩語",
"lxm": "Lakurumau",
"lya": "拉雅語",
"lyg": "林甘語",
"lyn": "盧亞納語",
"lzh": "文言文",
"lzl": "Litzlitz",
"lzn": "Leinong Naga",
"lzz": "拉茲語",
"maa": "聖赫羅尼莫特科阿特爾馬薩特克語",
"mab": "尤坦杜奇米斯特克語",
"mad": "馬都拉語",
"mae": "Bo-Rukul",
"maf": "馬法語",
"mag": "馬加希語",
"mai": "邁蒂利語",
"maj": "哈拉佩德迪亞茲馬薩特克語",
"mak": "望加錫語",
"mam": "馬姆語",
"man": "曼丁哥語",
"map-ata-pro": "原始泰雅語",
"map-bms": "班尤馬山語",
"map-pro": "原始南島語",
"map-trv": "太魯閣語",
"maq": "奇危特蘭馬薩特克語",
"mas": "馬賽語",
"mat": "馬特拉爾辛卡語",
"mau": "瓦烏特拉馬薩特克語",
"mav": "Sateré-Mawé",
"maw": "曼普魯西語",
"max": "北摩鹿加馬來語",
"maz": "中馬薩瓦語",
"mba": "希高農語",
"mbb": "西布基農-馬諾博語",
"mbc": "馬古西語",
"mbd": "迪巴巴旺-馬諾博語",
"mbe": "莫拉勒語",
"mbf": "峇峇馬來語",
"mbh": "芒森語",
"mbi": "伊利亞農-馬諾博語",
"mbj": "納德布語",
"mbk": "馬洛爾語",
"mbl": "馬夏卡里語",
"mbm": "Ombamba",
"mbn": "馬卡關語",
"mbo": "Mbo (Cameroon)",
"mbp": "Wiwa",
"mbq": "邁辛語",
"mbr": "努卡克馬庫語",
"mbs": "薩蘭加尼-馬諾博語",
"mbt": "馬蒂沙祿-馬諾博語",
"mbu": "Mbula-Bwazza",
"mbv": "姆布倫吉斯語",
"mbw": "馬陵語",
"mbx": "塞皮克馬里語",
"mby": "梅莫尼語",
"mbz": "阿莫爾特佩卡米斯特克語",
"mca": "Maca",
"mcb": "馬奇根加語",
"mcc": "比圖爾語",
"mcd": "沙拉納瓦語",
"mce": "伊通杜希亞米斯特克語",
"mcf": "馬策語",
"mcg": "馬波約語",
"mch": "耶夸納語",
"mci": "Mese",
"mcj": "姆伐尼普語",
"mck": "姆本達語",
"mcl": "Macaguaje",
"mcm": "馬六甲克里奧爾葡萄牙語",
"mcn": "馬薩那語",
"mco": "科阿特蘭米塞語",
"mcp": "馬卡語",
"mcq": "埃塞語",
"mcr": "門雅語",
"mcs": "曼貝語",
"mcu": "喀麥隆曼比拉語",
"mcw": "馬瓦語",
"mcx": "姆皮莫語",
"mcy": "南瓦圖特語",
"mcz": "Mawan",
"mda": "馬達語 (尼日利亞)",
"mdb": "莫利吉語",
"mdc": "Male",
"mdd": "姆布姆語",
"mde": "布拉馬邦語",
"mdf": "莫克沙語",
"mdg": "馬薩拉特語",
"mdh": "馬京達瑙語",
"mdi": "瑪姆烏語",
"mdj": "芒貝圖語",
"mdk": "芒布圖語",
"mdl": "馬爾他手語",
"mdm": "馬約戈語",
"mdn": "Mbati",
"mdp": "姆巴拉語",
"mdq": "Mbole",
"mdr": "曼達爾語",
"mds": "Maria",
"mdt": "姆貝勒語",
"mdu": "姆布科語",
"mdv": "聖盧西亞蒙泰韋爾米斯特克語",
"mdw": "姆博斯語",
"mdx": "迪津語",
"mdy": "馬勒語",
"mdz": "Suruí Do Pará",
"mea": "門卡語",
"meb": "Ikobi-Mena",
"mec": "瑪拉語",
"med": "梅爾帕語",
"mee": "門根語",
"mef": "梅甘語",
"meh": "西南特拉夏科米斯特克語",
"mei": "米多比語",
"mej": "梅亞赫語",
"mek": "梅凱奧語",
"mel": "中馬蘭諾語",
"mem": "Mangala",
"men": "門德語",
"meo": "吉打馬來語",
"mep": "Miriwung",
"meq": "梅里語",
"mer": "梅魯語",
"mes": "Masmaje",
"met": "馬托語",
"meu": "莫圖語",
"mev": "馬諾語",
"mew": "馬阿卡語",
"mey": "哈桑語",
"mez": "Menominee",
"mfa": "北大年馬來語",
"mfb": "邦卡語",
"mfc": "姆巴語",
"mfd": "Mendankwe-Nkwen",
"mfe": "毛里求斯克里奧爾語",
"mff": "納基語",
"mfg": "Mixifore",
"mfh": "馬特爾語",
"mfi": "萬達拉語",
"mfj": "梅菲勒語",
"mfk": "North Mofu",
"mfl": "普泰語",
"mfm": "Marghi South",
"mfn": "克羅斯河姆邊貝語",
"mfo": "姆貝語",
"mfp": "望加錫馬來語",
"mfq": "莫巴語",
"mfr": "馬里蒂爾語",
"mfs": "墨西哥手語",
"mft": "莫克朗語",
"mfu": "姆布韋拉語",
"mfv": "曼賈克語",
"mfw": "穆拉哈語",
"mfx": "梅洛語",
"mfy": "馬約語",
"mfz": "馬班語",
"mg": "馬拉加斯語",
"mga": "中古愛爾蘭語",
"mgb": "馬拉雷利語",
"mgc": "羅莫科多語",
"mgd": "莫魯語",
"mge": "曼戈語",
"mgf": "馬克萊語",
"mgg": "姆彭彭語",
"mgh": "馬夸語",
"mgi": "吉利語",
"mgj": "阿布勒尼語",
"mgk": "馬維斯語",
"mgl": "馬盧-基倫格語",
"mgm": "曼拜語",
"mgn": "姆邦吉語",
"mgo": "美塔語",
"mgp": "東馬嘉爾語",
"mgq": "馬利拉語",
"mgr": "曼布韋-倫古語",
"mgs": "曼達語(坦桑尼亞)",
"mgt": "姆阿凱語",
"mgu": "邁盧語",
"mgv": "馬滕戈語",
"mgw": "馬通比語",
"mgy": "姆邦加語",
"mgz": "姆布圭語",
"mh": "馬紹爾語",
"mha": "曼達語(印度)",
"mhb": "馬洪圭語",
"mhc": "莫喬語",
"mhd": "姆布古語",
"mhe": "馬赫梅里語",
"mhf": "馬馬阿語",
"mhg": "馬爾古語",
"mhi": "馬迪語",
"mhj": "蒙戈勒語",
"mhk": "蒙加卡語",
"mhl": "毛瓦凱語",
"mhm": "Makhuwa-Moniga",
"mhn": "默切諾語",
"mho": "馬希語",
"mhp": "峇里馬來語",
"mhq": "曼丹語",
"mhr": "東馬里語",
"mhs": "布魯語 (印尼)",
"mht": "曼達瓦卡語",
"mhu": "達讓語",
"mhw": "姆布庫舒語",
"mhx": "浪速語",
"mhy": "馬安揚語",
"mhz": "莫爾語 (南島語系)",
"mi": "毛利語",
"mia": "邁阿密-伊利諾伊語",
"mib": "阿塔特拉烏卡米斯特克語",
"mic": "密克馬克語",
"mid": "曼達安語",
"mie": "奧科特佩克米斯特克語",
"mif": "摩福古杜爾語",
"mig": "大聖米蓋爾米斯特克語",
"mih": "查尤科米斯特克語",
"mii": "奇格梅卡蒂特蘭米斯特克語",
"mij": "蒙邦語",
"mik": "密卡蘇奇語",
"mil": "佩諾爾斯米斯特克語",
"mim": "阿拉卡特拉扎拉米斯特克語",
"min": "米南佳保語",
"mio": "皮諾特帕納雄耐爾米斯特克語",
"mip": "阿帕斯科-阿波亞拉米斯特克語",
"miq": "米斯基托語",
"mir": "地峽米塞語",
"mis-hkl": "吉蘭丹峇峇",
"mis-idn": "Idiom Neutral",
"mis-isa": "伊蘇利亞語",
"mis-jie": "羯語",
"mis-jzh": "吉兆話",
"mis-kas": "加喜特語",
"mis-mmd": "德科斯米米語",
"mis-mmn": "納赫蒂加爾米米語",
"mis-phi": "非利士語",
"mis-rou": "柔然語",
"mis-tdl": "Turdulian",
"mis-tdt": "圖爾德塔尼語",
"mis-tnw": "唐汪話",
"mis-tuh": "吐谷渾語",
"mis-tuo": "拓跋語",
"mis-wuh": "烏桓語",
"mis-xbi": "鮮卑語",
"mis-xnu": "匈奴語",
"mit": "南普埃布拉米斯特克語",
"miu": "卡卡洛斯特佩克米斯特克語",
"miw": "阿科耶語",
"mix": "米斯特佩克米斯特克語",
"miy": "阿尤特拉米斯特克語",
"miz": "科亞佐斯潘米斯特克語",
"mjb": "馬卡萊羅語",
"mjc": "聖胡安科羅拉多米斯特克語",
"mjd": "西北邁杜語",
"mje": "穆斯庫姆語",
"mjg-mgl": "互助土族語",
"mjg-mgr": "民和土族語",
"mji": "金門語",
"mjj": "馬瓦克語",
"mjk": "馬圖卡爾語",
"mjl": "曼迪阿里語",
"mjm": "梅德布爾語",
"mjn": "梅布語",
"mjo": "Malankuravan",
"mjp": "Malapandaram",
"mjq": "馬拉爾揚語",
"mjr": "馬拉韋丹語",
"mjs": "米希普語",
"mjt": "紹里亞帕哈里亞語",
"mju": "Manna-Dora",
"mjv": "曼南語",
"mjw": "卡爾比語",
"mjx": "馬哈里語",
"mjy": "莫希干語",
"mjz": "邁希語",
"mk": "馬其頓語",
"mka": "Mbre",
"mkb": "馬爾帕哈里亞語",
"mkc": "西利普特語",
"mke": "茂奇語",
"mkf": "米亞語",
"mkg": "莫語",
"mkh-asl-pro": "原始亞斯里語",
"mkh-ban-pro": "原始巴拿語",
"mkh-kat-pro": "原始戈都語",
"mkh-khm-pro": "原始克木語",
"mkh-kmr-pro": "原始高棉語",
"mkh-mmn": "中古孟語",
"mkh-mnc-pro": "原始孟語",
"mkh-mvi": "中古越南語",
"mkh-pal-pro": "原始佤德昂語",
"mkh-pea-pro": "原始比爾語",
"mkh-pkn-pro": "原始莽語",
"mkh-pro": "原始孟-高棉語",
"mkh-vie-pro": "原始越語",
"mki": "達特基語",
"mkj": "莫基爾語",
"mkk": "Byep",
"mkl": "Mokole",
"mkm": "Moklen",
"mkn": "古邦馬來語",
"mko": "Mingang Doso",
"mkp": "Moikodi",
"mkq": "海灣米沃克語",
"mkr": "馬拉斯語",
"mks": "西拉卡約亞潘米斯特克語",
"mkt": "Vamale",
"mku": "Konyanka Maninka",
"mkv": "Mafea",
"mkx": "甘米銀-馬諾博語",
"mky": "東馬基安語",
"mkz": "馬卡莎語",
"ml": "馬拉雅拉姆語",
"mla": "塔馬姆博語",
"mlb": "姆布萊語",
"mlc": "高欄語",
"mle": "Manambu",
"mlf": "Mal",
"mlh": "Mape",
"mli": "馬林朋語",
"mlj": "米爾圖語",
"mlk": "伊爾瓦納語",
"mll": "Malua Bay",
"mlm": "仫佬語",
"mln": "馬蘭戈語",
"mlo": "Mlomp",
"mlp": "巴爾加姆語",
"mlq": "西曼丁哥語",
"mlr": "Vame",
"mls": "Masalit",
"mlu": "托阿巴伊塔語",
"mlv": "莫塔拉瓦語",
"mlw": "莫洛科語",
"mlx": "Malfaxal",
"mlz": "Malaynon",
"mma": "Mama",
"mmb": "莫米納語",
"mmc": "米卻肯馬薩瓦語",
"mmd": "毛南語",
"mme": "馬埃語",
"mmf": "蒙達特語",
"mmg": "北安布里姆語",
"mmh": "梅納克語",
"mmi": "穆薩爾語",
"mmj": "Majhwar",
"mmk": "Mukha-Dora",
"mml": "Man Met",
"mmm": "邁伊語",
"mmn": "瑪曼瓦語",
"mmo": "Mangga Buang",
"mmp": "穆桑語",
"mmq": "艾西語",
"mmr": "西部湘西苗語",
"mmt": "馬拉拉邁語",
"mmu": "Mmaala",
"mmv": "米里蒂語",
"mmw": "埃馬埃語",
"mmx": "馬達克語",
"mmy": "米加阿馬語",
"mmz": "Mabaale",
"mn": "蒙古語",
"mna": "姆布拉語",
"mnb": "穆納語",
"mnc": "滿語",
"mnd": "孟德語",
"mne": "納巴語",
"mnf": "蒙達尼語",
"mng": "東墨儂語",
"mnh": "Mono (Congo)",
"mni": "曼尼普爾語",
"mnj": "蒙賈尼語",
"mnk": "曼丁哥語",
"mnl": "Tiale",
"mnm": "Mapena",
"mnn": "南墨儂語",
"mnp": "閩北語",
"mnq": "明里克語",
"mnr": "Mono (California)",
"mns-cen": "中曼西語",
"mns-nor": "北曼西語",
"mns-pro": "原始曼西語",
"mns-sou": "南曼西語",
"mnt": "馬伊庫蘭語",
"mnu": "Mer",
"mnv": "拉納爾語",
"mnw": "孟語",
"mnw-tha": "泰國孟語",
"mnx": "Manikion",
"mny": "Manyawa",
"mnz": "莫尼語",
"moa": "姆宛語",
"moc": "莫科維語",
"mod": "莫比爾語",
"moe": "蒙大拿語",
"mog": "蒙貢多語",
"moh": "莫霍克語",
"moi": "姆博伊語",
"moj": "Monzombo",
"mok": "齊馬卡尼語",
"mom": "Monimbo",
"moo": "莫儂語",
"mop": "莫潘瑪雅語",
"moq": "莫爾語 (巴布亞諸語言)",
"mor": "莫羅語",
"mos": "莫西語",
"mot": "Barí",
"mou": "莫古姆語",
"mov": "莫哈維語",
"mow": "Moi (Congo)",
"mox": "莫利馬語",
"moy": "謝卡楚語",
"moz": "穆庫魯語",
"mpa": "姆波托語",
"mpb": "馬拉克馬拉克語",
"mpc": "曼加拉伊語",
"mpd": "馬吉內里語",
"mpe": "馬江語",
"mpg": "馬爾巴語",
"mph": "毛翁語",
"mpi": "姆帕德語",
"mpj": "馬圖汪加語",
"mpk": "姆巴拉語(乍得)",
"mpl": "中瓦圖特語",
"mpm": "約松杜亞米斯特克語",
"mpn": "明迪里語",
"mpo": "Miu",
"mpp": "米加巴克語",
"mpq": "馬其斯語",
"mpr": "萬古努語",
"mps": "達迪比語",
"mpt": "米安語",
"mpu": "馬古拉比語",
"mpv": "蒙基普語",
"mpw": "馬皮迪安語",
"mpx": "米西馬-帕奈阿蒂語",
"mpy": "馬皮阿語",
"mpz": "姆畢語",
"mqa": "馬巴語",
"mqb": "姆布科語",
"mqc": "Mangole",
"mqe": "Matepi",
"mqf": "莫穆納語",
"mqg": "Kota Bangun Kutai Malay",
"mqh": "特拉索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語",
"mqi": "瑪里里語",
"mqj": "瑪瑪薩語",
"mqk": "拉賈卡本選-馬諾博語",
"mql": "姆貝利梅語",
"mqm": "南馬克薩斯語",
"mqn": "摩羅內內語",
"mqo": "Modole",
"mqp": "馬尼帕語",
"mqq": "米諾科克語",
"mqr": "Mander",
"mqs": "西馬基安語",
"mqt": "Mok",
"mqu": "Mandari",
"mqv": "莫西莫語",
"mqw": "Murupi",
"mqx": "馬穆朱語",
"mqy": "芒加萊語",
"mqz": "馬拉桑加語",
"mr": "馬拉地語",
"mra": "姆拉布里語",
"mrb": "馬里諾語",
"mrc": "馬里科帕語",
"mrd": "西馬嘉爾語",
"mre": "瑪莎葡萄園島手語",
"mrf": "Elseng",
"mrg": "米辛語",
"mrh": "馬拉欽語",
"mrj": "西馬里語",
"mrk": "Hmwaveke",
"mrl": "莫特洛克語",
"mrm": "梅爾拉夫語",
"mrn": "切克霍羅語",
"mro": "姆魯語",
"mrp": "Morouas",
"mrq": "北馬克薩斯語",
"mrr": "Hill Maria",
"mrs": "馬拉古斯語",
"mrt": "馬爾吉語",
"mru": "Mono (Cameroon)",
"mrv": "曼加瑞瓦語",
"mrw": "馬拉瑙語",
"mrx": "迪內奧爾語",
"mry": "卡拉加曼達亞語",
"mrz": "馬林德語",
"ms": "馬來語",
"msb": "馬斯巴特語",
"msc": "Sankaran Maninka",
"msd": "猶加敦瑪雅手語",
"mse": "穆西語",
"msf": "梅奎伊語",
"msg": "Moraid",
"msi": "沙巴馬來語",
"msj": "Ma",
"msk": "曼薩卡語",
"msl": "莫洛夫語",
"msm": "阿古桑-馬諾博語",
"msn": "烏雷斯語",
"mso": "Mombum",
"msp": "Maritsauá",
"msq": "Caac",
"msr": "蒙古手語",
"mss": "西馬塞拉語",
"msu": "穆索姆語",
"msv": "馬斯拉姆語",
"msw": "Mansoanka",
"msx": "Moresada",
"msy": "阿魯阿穆語",
"msz": "莫馬雷語",
"mt": "馬爾他語",
"mta": "哥打巴托-馬諾博語",
"mtb": "阿尼莫羅福語",
"mtc": "穆尼特語",
"mtd": "穆阿朗語",
"mte": "阿盧語",
"mtf": "穆里克語 (新幾內亞)",
"mtg": "烏納語",
"mth": "Munggui",
"mti": "麥瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
"mtj": "莫斯科納語",
"mtk": "姆貝厄語",
"mtl": "蒙托爾語",
"mtm": "馬托爾語",
"mtn": "馬塔加爾帕語",
"mto": "特通特佩克米塞語",
"mtp": "維奇拉姆特斯諾克滕語",
"mtq": "芒語",
"mtr": "梅瓦爾語",
"mts": "優拉語",
"mtt": "莫塔語",
"mtu": "圖圖特佩克米斯特克語",
"mtv": "阿薩羅奧語",
"mtw": "馬加哈特語",
"mtx": "蒂達亞米斯特克語",
"mty": "南比語",
"mua": "蒙當語",
"mub": "穆比語",
"muc": "姆布語",
"mud": "Mednyj Aleut",
"mue": "Media Lengua",
"mug": "穆斯古語",
"muh": "明迪語",
"mui": "穆西語",
"muj": "馬比雷語",
"mul": "跨語言",
"mum": "馬伊瓦拉語",
"mun-pro": "原始蒙達語",
"muo": "Nyong",
"mup": "馬爾瓦語",
"muq": "西部湘西苗語",
"mur": "穆爾萊語",
"mus": "克里克語",
"mut": "西穆里亞語",
"muu": "Yaaku",
"muv": "穆圖凡語",
"mux": "Bo-Ung",
"muy": "穆揚語",
"muz": "穆爾西語",
"mva": "馬納姆語",
"mvb": "馬投爾語",
"mvd": "曼博魯語",
"mvg": "尤夸涅米斯特克語",
"mvh": "米雷語",
"mvi": "宮古語",
"mvk": "梅克梅克語",
"mvl": "姆巴拉語(澳洲)",
"mvm": "木雅語",
"mvn": "米納維哈語",
"mvo": "馬羅沃語",
"mvp": "都利語",
"mvq": "莫埃萊語",
"mvr": "馬勞語",
"mvs": "馬塞普語",
"mvt": "姆波托沃羅語",
"mvu": "馬爾法語",
"mvv": "塔戈爾語",
"mvw": "Machinga",
"mvx": "Meoswar",
"mvy": "印度河科希斯坦語",
"mvz": "Mesqan",
"mwa": "姆瓦特布語",
"mwb": "穆尼瓦拉語",
"mwc": "阿雷語",
"mwe": "姆維拉語",
"mwf": "穆林帕塔語",
"mwg": "Aiklep",
"mwh": "莫克-阿里阿語",
"mwi": "Labo",
"mwk": "Kita Maninkakan",
"mwl": "米蘭德斯語",
"mwm": "薩爾語",
"mwn": "尼揚萬加語",
"mwo": "Central Maewo",
"mwp": "卡拉拉高雅語",
"mwq": "Mün Chin",
"mwr": "馬瓦里語",
"mws": "Mwimbi-Muthambi",
"mwt": "莫肯語",
"mwu": "米圖語",
"mwv": "明打威語",
"mww": "白苗語",
"mwz": "Moingi",
"mxa": "西北瓦哈卡米斯特克語",
"mxb": "特索亞特蘭米斯特克語",
"mxd": "莫當語",
"mxe": "梅勒-菲拉語",
"mxf": "馬爾格貝語",
"mxg": "姆班加拉語",
"mxh": "姆武巴語",
"mxi": "莫札拉布語",
"mxj": "格曼語",
"mxk": "莫努姆博語",
"mxl": "Maxi Gbe",
"mxm": "梅拉梅拉語",
"mxn": "Moi (Indonesia)",
"mxo": "姆博韋語",
"mxp": "特拉惠托爾特佩克米塞語",
"mxq": "胡基拉米塞語",
"mxr": "穆里克語 (馬來西亞)",
"mxs": "惠特佩克米斯特克語",
"mxt": "哈米爾特佩克米斯特克語",
"mxu": "馬達語 (喀麥隆)",
"mxv": "梅特拉托諾克米斯特克語",
"mxw": "納莫語",
"mxx": "馬霍語",
"mxy": "東南諾奇斯特蘭米斯特克語",
"mxz": "中馬塞拉語",
"my": "緬甸語",
"myb": "姆拜語",
"myc": "Mayeka",
"mye": "姆耶內語",
"myf": "Bambassi",
"myg": "Manta",
"myh": "Makah",
"myj": "Mangayat",
"myk": "Mamara Senoufo",
"myl": "摩瑪語",
"mym": "Me'en",
"myn-chl": "Ch'olti'",
"myn-pro": "原始瑪雅語",
"myo": "Anfillo",
"myp": "皮拉罕語",
"myr": "Muniche",
"mys": "Mesmes",
"myu": "蠻杜拉枯語",
"myv": "埃爾齊亞語",
"myw": "穆尤語",
"myx": "馬薩巴語",
"myy": "馬古納語",
"myz": "古典曼達安語",
"mza": "聖瑪利亞薩卡特佩克米斯特克語",
"mzb": "北撒哈拉柏柏爾語",
"mzc": "馬達加斯加手語",
"mzd": "Malimba",
"mze": "莫拉瓦語",
"mzg": "修道院手語",
"mzh": "維奇拉姆特斯圭斯奈語",
"mzi": "伊斯卡特蘭馬薩特克語",
"mzj": "Manya",
"mzk": "尼日利亞曼比拉語",
"mzl": "馬薩特蘭米塞語",
"mzm": "穆穆耶語",
"mzn": "馬贊德蘭語",
"mzo": "馬其布語",
"mzp": "莫維瑪語",
"mzq": "摩利-阿達斯語",
"mzr": "馬魯波語",
"mzs": "澳門土生葡語",
"mzt": "Mintil",
"mzu": "Inapang",
"mzv": "Manza",
"mzw": "Deg",
"mzx": "Mawayana",
"mzy": "莫桑比克手語",
"mzz": "Maiadomu",
"na": "瑙魯語",
"naa": "納姆拉語",
"nab": "南比夸拉語",
"nac": "Narak",
"nae": "Naka'ela",
"naf": "Nabak",
"nag": "那加克里奧爾語",
"nah": "納瓦特爾語",
"nai-ala": "阿拉扎帕語",
"nai-bay": "Bayogoula",
"nai-cal": "Calusa",
"nai-chi": "Chiquimulilla",
"nai-chu-pro": "原始楚馬什語",
"nai-cig": "Ciguayo",
"nai-ckn-pro": "原始契努克語",
"nai-guz": "Guazacapán",
"nai-hit": "Hitchiti",
"nai-ipa": "Ipai",
"nai-jtp": "胡蒂亞帕語",
"nai-jum": "胡邁佩特克語",
"nai-kat": "卡斯拉梅特語",
"nai-klp-pro": "原始卡拉普亞語",
"nai-knm": "科諾米胡語",
"nai-kum": "庫梅亞艾語",
"nai-mac": "Macoris",
"nai-mdu-pro": "Proto-Maidun",
"nai-miz-pro": "原始米塞-索克語",
"nai-mus-pro": "原始穆斯科格語",
"nai-nao": "Naolan",
"nai-nrs": "New River Shasta",
"nai-okw": "Okwanuchu",
"nai-per": "佩里庫語",
"nai-pic": "Picuris",
"nai-plp-pro": "原始高原佩努提語支",
"nai-pom-pro": "原始波莫語",
"nai-qng": "Quinigua",
"nai-sca-pro": "原始蘇-卡托巴語",
"nai-sin": "Sinacantán",
"nai-sln": "Salvadoran Lenca",
"nai-spt": "Sahaptin",
"nai-tap": "Tapachultec",
"nai-taw": "塔瓦薩語",
"nai-teq": "特奎斯特拉特克語",
"nai-tip": "Tipai",
"nai-tot-pro": "原始托托索克語",
"nai-tsi-pro": "Proto-Tsimshianic",
"nai-utn-pro": "Proto-Utian",
"nai-wai": "Waikuri",
"nai-wji": "西希卡克語",
"nai-yup": "尤皮爾特佩克語",
"naj": "Nalu",
"nak": "納卡納伊語",
"nal": "納利克語",
"nam": "Ngan'gityemerri",
"nan": "閩南語",
"nan-dat": "大田話",
"nan-hbl": "泉漳話",
"nan-hlh": "海陸豐話",
"nan-lnx": "龍巖話",
"nan-tws": "潮州話",
"nan-zhe": "浙南閩語",
"nan-zsh": "三鄉話",
"nao": "Naaba",
"nap": "那不勒斯語",
"naq": "科伊科伊語",
"nar": "Iguta",
"nas": "納希奧伊語",
"nat": "Hungworo",
"naw": "Nawuri",
"nax": "Nakwi",
"nay": "恩加林杰里語",
"naz": "科阿特佩克納瓦特爾語",
"nb": "書面挪威語",
"nba": "Nyemba",
"nbb": "Ndoe",
"nbc": "昌語",
"nbd": "恩賓達語",
"nbe": "孔雅克-那加語",
"nbg": "納加爾恰爾語",
"nbh": "恩加莫語",
"nbi": "毛-那加語",
"nbj": "Ngarinman",
"nbk": "Nake",
"nbm": "Ngbaka Ma'bo",
"nbn": "Kuri",
"nbo": "Nkukoli",
"nbp": "Nnam",
"nbq": "Nggem",
"nbr": "Numana",
"nbs": "納米比亞手語",
"nbt": "納語",
"nbu": "Rongmei Naga",
"nbv": "Ngamambo",
"nbw": "南恩班迪語",
"nby": "Ningera",
"nca": "伊約語",
"ncb": "中尼科巴語",
"ncc": "波那姆語",
"ncd": "Nachering",
"nce": "亞萊語",
"ncf": "諾茨語",
"ncg": "尼斯加亞語",
"nch": "中瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
"nci": "古典納瓦特爾語",
"ncj": "北普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
"nck": "納卡拉語",
"ncl": "米卻肯納瓦特爾語",
"ncm": "納姆博語",
"ncn": "瑙納語",
"nco": "Sibe",
"ncr": "Ncane",
"ncs": "尼加拉瓜手語",
"nct": "Chothe Naga",
"ncu": "Chumburung",
"ncx": "中普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
"ncz": "Natchez",
"nd": "北恩德貝勒語",
"nda": "恩達薩語",
"ndb": "Kenswei Nsei",
"ndc": "Ndau",
"ndd": "Nde-Nsele-Nta",
"ndf": "Nadruvian",
"ndg": "恩登格雷科語",
"ndh": "恩達利語",
"ndi": "Chamba Leko",
"ndj": "恩丹巴語",
"ndk": "恩達卡語",
"ndl": "恩多洛語",
"ndm": "恩達姆語",
"ndn": "恩貢迪語",
"ndp": "恩多語",
"ndq": "恩多姆貝語",
"ndr": "Ndoola",
"nds": "低地德語",
"ndt": "恩敦加語",
"ndu": "Dugun",
"ndv": "恩杜特語",
"ndw": "恩多博語",
"ndx": "恩杜加語",
"ndy": "盧托斯語",
"ndz": "恩多戈語",
"ne": "尼泊爾語",
"nea": "Eastern Ngad'a",
"neb": "Toura",
"nec": "內得邦語",
"ned": "Nde-Gbite",
"nee": "庫馬克語",
"nef": "內法語",
"neg": "涅吉達爾語",
"neh": "念卡語",
"nej": "Neko",
"nek": "Neku",
"nem": "Nemi",
"nen": "林哥尼語",
"neo": "Ná-Meo",
"neq": "中北部米塞語",
"ner": "Yahadian",
"nes": "Bhoti Kinnauri",
"net": "Nete",
"neu": "Neo",
"nev": "洪語",
"new": "尼瓦爾語",
"nex": "Neme",
"ney": "Neyo",
"nez": "Nez Perce",
"nfa": "Dhao",
"nfd": "Ahwai",
"nfl": "阿伊沃語",
"nfr": "納凡拉語",
"nfu": "姆豐特語",
"ng": "恩東加語",
"nga": "Ngbaka",
"ngb": "北恩班迪語",
"ngc": "Ngombe (Congo)",
"ngd": "Ngando (Central African Republic)",
"nge": "Ngemba",
"ngf-bin-pro": "Proto-Binanderean",
"ngf-pro": "原始跨新幾內亞語",
"ngg": "Ngbaka Manza",
"ngh": "努語",
"ngi": "恩吉姆語",
"ngj": "Ngie",
"ngk": "Ngalkbun",
"ngl": "Lomwe",
"ngm": "Ngatik Men's Creole",
"ngn": "恩果語",
"ngo": "恩戈尼語",
"ngp": "恩古盧語",
"ngq": "恩戈雷米語",
"ngr": "Nagu",
"ngs": "Gvoko",
"ngt": "Ngeq",
"ngu": "格雷羅納瓦特爾語",
"ngv": "納古米語",
"ngw": "恩瓜巴語",
"ngx": "Nggwahyi",
"ngy": "Tibea",
"ngz": "Ngungwel",
"nha": "Nhanda",
"nhb": "Beng",
"nhc": "塔巴斯科納瓦特爾語",
"nhd": "奇里帕語",
"nhe": "東瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
"nhf": "Nhuwala",
"nhg": "特萊爾辛戈納瓦特爾語",
"nhh": "Nahari",
"nhi": "扎卡特蘭-阿華卡特蘭-特佩欽特拉-納瓦特爾語",
"nhk": "科索萊阿克納瓦特爾語",
"nhm": "莫雷洛斯納瓦特爾語",
"nhn": "中納瓦特爾語",
"nho": "塔庫烏語",
"nhp": "帕哈潘納瓦特爾語",
"nhq": "瓦斯卡勒卡納瓦特爾語",
"nhr": "納羅語",
"nht": "奧梅特佩克納瓦特爾語",
"nhu": "努內語",
"nhv": "特馬斯卡爾特佩克納瓦特爾語",
"nhw": "西瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語",
"nhx": "梅卡亞潘納瓦特爾語",
"nhy": "北瓦哈卡納瓦特爾語",
"nhz": "聖瑪利亞山區納瓦特爾語",
"nia": "尼亞斯語",
"nib": "納卡梅語",
"nic-bco-pro": "原始貝努埃-剛果語",
"nic-bod-pro": "原始類班圖語",
"nic-eov-pro": "原始東奧蒂-沃爾特語",
"nic-gns-pro": "Proto-Gurunsi",
"nic-grf-pro": "原始草原語",
"nic-gur-pro": "Proto-Gur",
"nic-jkn-pro": "Proto-Jukunoid",
"nic-lcr-pro": "原始下克羅斯河語",
"nic-ogo-pro": "Proto-Ogoni",
"nic-ovo-pro": "原始奧蒂-沃爾特語",
"nic-plt-pro": "原始高原語",
"nic-pro": "原始尼日爾-剛果語",
"nic-ubg-pro": "Proto-Ubangian",
"nic-ucr-pro": "原始上克羅斯河語",
"nic-vco-pro": "原始沃爾特-剛果語",
"nid": "Ngandi",
"nie": "Niellim",
"nif": "Nek",
"nig": "Ngalakan",
"nih": "Nyiha",
"nii": "Nii",
"nij": "恩加朱語",
"nik": "南尼科巴語",
"nil": "尼拉語",
"nim": "尼蘭巴語",
"nin": "Ninzo",
"nio": "恩加納桑語",
"niq": "南迪語",
"nir": "Nimboran",
"nis": "尼米語",
"nit": "東南科拉米語",
"niu": "紐埃語",
"niv": "尼夫赫語",
"niw": "尼莫語",
"nix": "Hema",
"niy": "恩魯納語",
"niz": "寧吉爾語",
"nja": "恩贊伊語",
"njb": "Nocte Naga",
"njh": "Lotha Naga",
"nji": "Gudanji",
"njj": "Njen",
"njl": "Njalgulgule",
"njm": "安加米語",
"njn": "Liangmai Naga",
"njo-jgl": "瓊里奧語",
"njo-mng": "Mongsen Ao",
"njr": "Njerep",
"njs": "尼薩語",
"njt": "Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin",
"nju": "Ngadjunmaya",
"njx": "Kunyi",
"njy": "Njyem",
"njz": "尼西語",
"nka": "恩科亞語",
"nkb": "Khoibu Naga",
"nkc": "恩康霍語",
"nkd": "Koireng",
"nke": "Duke",
"nkf": "Inpui Naga",
"nkg": "Nekgini",
"nkh": "Khezha Naga",
"nki": "Thangal Naga",
"nkj": "納卡伊語",
"nkk": "諾庫庫語",
"nkm": "Namat",
"nkn": "Nkangala",
"nko": "恩康亞語",
"nkp": "紐阿托普塔普語",
"nkq": "恩卡米語",
"nkr": "努庫奧羅語",
"nks": "North Asmat",
"nkt": "Nyika",
"nku": "Bouna Kulango",
"nkw": "恩庫圖語",
"nkx": "恩科羅語",
"nkz": "恩卡里語",
"nl": "荷蘭語",
"nla": "Ngombale",
"nlc": "納爾卡語",
"nle": "東尼亞拉語",
"nlg": "恩格拉語",
"nli": "格蘭加里語",
"nlj": "Nyali",
"nlk": "尼尼亞亞利語",
"nll": "尼哈利語",
"nlm": "Mankiyali",
"nlo": "Ngul",
"nlq": "Lao Naga",
"nlu": "Nchumbulu",
"nlv": "奧里薩巴納瓦特爾語",
"nlw": "Walangama",
"nlx": "卡爾托語",
"nly": "尼亞馬爾語",
"nlz": "納勒戈語",
"nma": "馬拉姆那加語",
"nmb": "大納姆巴斯語",
"nmc": "恩加姆語",
"nmd": "恩杜穆語",
"nme": "米齊梅那加語",
"nmf": "唐庫爾-那加語",
"nmg": "夸西奧語",
"nmh": "Monsang Naga",
"nmi": "Nyam",
"nmj": "Ngombe (Central African Republic)",
"nmk": "Namakura",
"nml": "恩德姆利語",
"nmm": "馬南語",
"nmn": "宏語",
"nmo": "Moyon Naga",
"nmp": "尼曼布爾語",
"nmq": "Nambya",
"nmr": "Nimbari",
"nms": "Letemboi",
"nmt": "Namonuito",
"nmu": "東北邁杜語",
"nmv": "Ngamini",
"nmw": "Nimoa",
"nmx": "Nama",
"nmy": "納木依語",
"nmz": "Nawdm",
"nn": "新挪威語",
"nna": "Nyangumarta",
"nnb": "Nande",
"nnc": "Nancere",
"nnd": "West Ambae",
"nne": "Ngandyera",
"nnf": "Ngaing",
"nng": "Maring Naga",
"nnh": "恩甘澎語",
"nni": "North Nuaulu",
"nnj": "Nyangatom",
"nnk": "Nankina",
"nnl": "Northern Rengma Naga",
"nnm": "Namia",
"nnn": "Ngete",
"nnp": "Wancho",
"nnq": "恩金多語",
"nnr": "納倫加語",
"nnt": "南蒂科克語",
"nnu": "Dwang",
"nnv": "Nukunu",
"nnw": "南努尼語",
"nnx": "Ngong",
"nny": "Nyangga",
"nnz": "Nda'nda'",
"no": "挪威語",
"noa": "Woun Meu",
"noc": "Nuk",
"nod": "北部泰語",
"noe": "尼馬迪語",
"nof": "Nomane",
"nog": "諾蓋語",
"noh": "Nomu",
"noi": "Noiri",
"noj": "Nonuya",
"nok": "Nooksack",
"nol": "Nomlaki",
"non": "古諾爾斯語",
"nop": "努芒岡語",
"noq": "Ngongo",
"nos": "東尼蘇語",
"not": "Nomatsiguenga",
"nou": "Ewage-Notu",
"nov": "諾維亞語",
"now": "尼揚博語",
"noy": "Noy",
"noz": "Nayi",
"npa": "Nar Phu",
"npb": "Nupbikha",
"npg": "Ponyo",
"nph": "Phom",
"npl": "東南普埃布拉納瓦特爾語",
"npn": "門卓波隆語",
"npo": "Pochuri Naga",
"nps": "Nipsan",
"npu": "Puimei Naga",
"npx": "Noipä",
"npy": "納普語",
"nqg": "Ede Nago",
"nqk": "Kura Ede Nago",
"nql": "Ngendelengo",
"nqm": "恩多姆語",
"nqn": "嫩語",
"nqo": "曼德文字",
"nqq": "Kyan-Karyaw Naga",
"nqy": "Akyaung Ari",
"nr": "南恩德貝勒語",
"nra": "Ngom",
"nrb": "Nara",
"nrc": "Noric",
"nre": "Southern Rengma Naga",
"nrf": "諾曼語",
"nrg": "Narango",
"nri": "Chokri Naga",
"nrk": "恩加拉語",
"nrl": "恩加魯馬語",
"nrm": "納洛姆語",
"nrn": "諾恩語",
"nrp": "北皮賽恩語",
"nrr": "諾拉語",
"nrt": "北卡拉普亞語",
"nru": "摩梭語",
"nrx": "Ngurmbur",
"nrz": "拉拉語(新幾內亞)",
"nsa": "Sangtam Naga",
"nsb": "下諾索布語",
"nsc": "恩希語",
"nsd": "南尼蘇語",
"nse": "Nsenga",
"nsf": "Northwestern Nisu",
"nsg": "Ngasa",
"nsh": "Ngoshie",
"nsi": "尼日利亞手語",
"nsk": "納斯卡皮語",
"nsl": "挪威手語",
"nsm": "Sema",
"nsn": "Nehan",
"nso": "北索托語",
"nsp": "尼泊爾手語",
"nsq": "北部山地米沃克語",
"nsr": "海事手語",
"nss": "納利語",
"nst": "唐薩語",
"nsu": "內格拉山區納瓦特爾語",
"nsw": "Navut",
"nsx": "Nsongo",
"nsy": "Nasal",
"nsz": "南邁杜語",
"ntd": "北帝東語",
"ntg": "Ngantangarra",
"nti": "Natioro",
"ntj": "恩加尼亞賈拉語",
"ntk": "伊科馬語",
"ntm": "納特尼語",
"nto": "Ntomba",
"ntp": "北特佩瓦語",
"ntr": "Delo",
"nts": "Natagaimas",
"ntu": "Natügu",
"ntw": "諾特威語",
"ntx": "索姆拉語",
"nty": "Mantsi",
"nua": "Yuanga",
"nub-har": "Haraza",
"nub-pro": "原始努比亞語",
"nuc": "努基尼語",
"nud": "恩加拉語",
"nue": "恩貢杜語",
"nuf": "怒蘇語",
"nug": "農加利語",
"nuh": "恩敦達語",
"nui": "Ngumbi",
"nuj": "尼奧勒語 (烏干達)",
"nuk": "努特卡語",
"nul": "Nusa Laut",
"num": "紐阿富語",
"nun": "Anong",
"nuo": "源語",
"nup": "努佩語",
"nuq": "努庫馬努語",
"nur": "努古里亞語",
"nus": "努埃爾語",
"nut": "儂語",
"nuu": "Ngbundu",
"nuv": "北努尼語",
"nuw": "Nguluwan",
"nux": "梅赫克語",
"nuy": "Nunggubuyu",
"nuz": "特拉馬卡薩帕納瓦特爾語",
"nv": "納瓦霍語",
"nvh": "Nasarian",
"nvm": "Namiae",
"nvo": "Nyokon",
"nwa": "Nawathinehena",
"nwb": "尼亞布瓦語",
"nwc": "古典尼瓦爾語",
"nwe": "恩圭語",
"nwg": "Ngaiawang",
"nwi": "西南坦納語",
"nwm": "Nyamusa-Molo",
"nwo": "瑙奧語",
"nwr": "納瓦魯語",
"nwx": "中古尼瓦爾語",
"nwy": "諾特威-梅赫林語",
"nxa": "Nauete",
"nxd": "Ngando (Congo)",
"nxe": "Nage",
"nxg": "Ngadha",
"nxi": "Nindi",
"nxl": "South Nuaulu",
"nxm": "努米底亞",
"nxn": "恩加旺語",
"nxo": "Ndambomo",
"nxq": "納西語",
"nxr": "Ninggerum",
"nxx": "Nafri",
"ny": "齊切瓦語",
"nyb": "Nyangbo",
"nyc": "Nyanga-li",
"nyd": "尼奧勒語 (肯尼亞)",
"nye": "尼延戈語",
"nyf": "Giryama",
"nyg": "Nyindu",
"nyh": "Nyigina",
"nyi": "Nyimang",
"nyj": "Nyanga (Congo)",
"nyk": "Nyaneka",
"nyl": "Nyeu",
"nym": "尼揚韋齊語",
"nyn": "尼揚科萊語",
"nyo": "尼奧羅語",
"nyp": "Nyang'i",
"nys": "尼揚加語",
"nyt": "Nyawaygi",
"nyu": "Nyungwe",
"nyv": "Nyulnyul",
"nyw": "僥語",
"nyx": "Nganyaywana",
"nyy": "尼亞庫薩語",
"nza": "梯貢-姆本貝語",
"nzb": "Njebi",
"nzd": "恩扎迪語",
"nzi": "尼茲馬語",
"nzk": "Nzakara",
"nzm": "Zeme Naga",
"nzs": "新西蘭手語",
"nzu": "Central Teke",
"nzy": "Nzakambay",
"nzz": "Nanga Dama Dogon",
"oaa": "鄂羅克語",
"oac": "奧羅奇語",
"oak": "Noakhali",
"oav": "古阿瓦爾語",
"obi": "奧比斯佩諾語",
"obk": "南邦托克語",
"obl": "奧布洛語",
"obm": "摩押語",
"obo": "歐波-馬諾博語",
"obr": "上古緬甸語",
"obt": "上古布列塔尼語",
"obu": "奧布洛姆語",
"oc": "奧克語",
"oca": "奧凱納語",
"och": "上古漢語",
"ocm": "Old Cham",
"oco": "上古康沃爾語",
"ocu": "Tlahuica",
"oda": "Odut",
"odk": "奧德語",
"odt": "古荷蘭語",
"odu": "奧杜阿勒語",
"ofo": "圖特洛語",
"ofs": "古弗里斯蘭語",
"ofu": "埃夫托普語",
"ogb": "Ogbia",
"ogc": "Ogbah",
"oge": "上古格魯吉亞語",
"ogg": "Ogbogolo",
"ogo": "卡那語",
"ogu": "奧格布羅怒貢語",
"ohu": "上古匈牙利語",
"oia": "奧拉塔語",
"oin": "伊內布-奧內語",
"oj": "奧吉布瓦語",
"ojb": "西北奧吉布瓦語",
"ojc": "中奧吉布瓦語",
"ojg": "東奧吉布瓦語",
"ojp": "上古日語",
"ojs": "塞文奧吉布瓦語",
"ojv": "翁通爪哇語",
"ojw": "西奧吉布瓦語",
"oka": "歐肯納根語",
"okb": "Okobo",
"okd": "歐科迪亞語",
"oke": "Okpe (Southwestern Edo)",
"okg": "Kok-Paponk",
"okh": "科雷斯埃羅斯塔姆語",
"oki": "奧凱克語",
"okj": "奧科-朱瓦伊語",
"okk": "夸姆廷-奧內語",
"okl": "古肯特手語",
"okm": "中古朝鮮語",
"okn": "沖永良部語",
"oko": "上古朝鮮語",
"okr": "基里克語",
"oks": "奧科-埃尼-奧薩因語",
"oku": "奧庫語",
"okv": "奧羅凱瓦語",
"okx": "Okpe (Northwestern Edo)",
"okz": "古高棉語",
"old": "莫其語",
"ole": "奧萊語",
"olm": "Oloma",
"olo": "利維卡累利阿語",
"olr": "奧爾拉特語",
"olt": "古立陶宛語",
"olu": "庫瓦勒語",
"om": "奧羅莫語",
"oma": "奧馬哈-龐卡語",
"omb": "Omba",
"omc": "莫奇卡語",
"omg": "奧馬瓜語",
"omi": "奧米語",
"omk": "奧莫克語",
"oml": "Ombo",
"omn": "米諾斯語",
"omo": "Utarmbung",
"omp": "上古曼尼普爾語",
"omq-cha-pro": "原始查蒂諾語",
"omq-maz-pro": "原始馬薩特克語",
"omq-mix-pro": "原始類米斯特克語",
"omq-mxt-pro": "原始米斯特克語",
"omq-otp-pro": "原始歐托-帕梅語",
"omq-pro": "原始歐托-曼格語",
"omq-sjq": "聖胡安基阿伊赫查蒂諾語",
"omq-tel": "特波斯科盧拉米斯特克語",
"omq-teo": "特奧霍姆爾科查蒂諾語",
"omq-tri-pro": "原始特里基語",
"omq-zap-pro": "原始類薩波特克語",
"omq-zpc-pro": "原始薩波特克語",
"omr": "上古馬拉地語",
"omt": "Omotik",
"omu": "奧姆拉諾語",
"omv-aro-pro": "原始阿里語",
"omv-diz-pro": "Proto-Dizoid",
"omv-pro": "原始奧摩語",
"omw": "南泰羅拉語",
"omx": "上古孟語",
"ona": "瑟爾科南語",
"onb": "臨高語",
"one": "歐內達語",
"ong": "歐樓語",
"oni": "Onin",
"onj": "Onjob",
"onk": "卡博勒-奧內語",
"onn": "奧諾巴蘇魯語",
"ono": "奧農達加語",
"onp": "Sartang",
"onr": "北奧內語",
"ons": "Ono",
"onu": "烏努阿語",
"onw": "上古努比亞語",
"onx": "Pidgin Onin",
"ood": "歐罕語",
"oog": "Ong",
"oon": "翁奇語",
"oor": "Oorlams",
"opa": "Okpamheri",
"opk": "Kopkaka",
"opm": "Oksapmin",
"opo": "Opao",
"opt": "Opata",
"opy": "歐伐耶語",
"or": "奧利亞語",
"ora": "Oroha",
"ore": "Orejón",
"org": "Oring",
"orh": "鄂倫春語",
"oro": "Orokolo",
"orr": "Oruma",
"ort": "阿迪瓦西奧利亞語",
"oru": "奧爾穆里語",
"orv": "古東斯拉夫語",
"orw": "奧羅-溫語",
"orx": "奧羅語",
"orz": "奧爾穆語",
"os": "奧塞梯語",
"osa": "奧沙格語",
"osc": "奧斯坎語",
"osi": "奧星語",
"osn": "古巽他語",
"oso": "奧索索語",
"osp": "中世紀西班牙語",
"ost": "Osatu",
"osu": "南奧內語",
"osx": "古撒克遜語",
"ota": "鄂圖曼土耳其語",
"otb": "中古藏語",
"otd": "奧圖大能語",
"ote": "梅斯基塔爾奧托米語",
"oti": "Oti",
"otk": "古突厥語",
"otl": "蒂拉帕奧托米語",
"otm": "東部高地奧托米語",
"otn": "特南戈奧托米語",
"oto-otm-pro": "原始奧托米語",
"oto-pro": "原始類奧托米語",
"otq": "克雷塔羅奧托米語",
"otr": "Otoro",
"ots": "墨西哥州奧托米語",
"ott": "特莫亞雅奧托米語",
"otu": "Otuke",
"otw": "渥太華語",
"otx": "特斯卡特佩克奧托米語",
"oty": "上古泰米爾語",
"otz": "伊斯坦科奧托米語",
"oub": "Glio-Oubi",
"oue": "Oune",
"oui": "古回鶻語",
"oum": "Ouma",
"ovd": "埃爾夫達利安語",
"owi": "Owiniga",
"owl": "古威爾士語",
"oyb": "Oy",
"oyd": "Oyda",
"oym": "外恩比語",
"oyy": "Oya'oya",
"ozm": "Koonzime",
"pa": "旁遮普語",
"paa-kmn": "Kómnzo",
"paa-kwn": "庫瓦尼語",
"paa-lei": "Leitre",
"paa-nha-pro": "原始北哈馬黑拉語",
"paa-nun": "農貢語",
"pab": "帕雷西語",
"pac": "帕戈語",
"pad": "巴烏馬利語",
"pae": "帕吉貝特語",
"paf": "帕拉納瓦特語",
"pag": "班詩蘭語",
"pah": "坦賀利姆語",
"pai": "帕語",
"pak": "帕拉卡納語",
"pal": "中古波斯語",
"pam": "卡片片甘語",
"pao": "北派伍特語",
"pap": "帕皮阿門托語",
"paq": "帕爾雅語",
"par": "帕納明特語",
"pas": "帕帕塞納語",
"pau": "帕勞語",
"pav": "瓦里語",
"paw": "波尼語",
"pax": "班加拉勒語",
"pay": "佩茨語",
"paz": "班加拉陸語",
"pbb": "Páez",
"pbc": "巴搭摩納語",
"pbe": "梅松特拉波波洛卡語",
"pbf": "科約特佩克波波洛卡語",
"pbg": "帕勞哈諾語",
"pbh": "帕納雷語",
"pbi": "Podoko",
"pbl": "Mak (Nigeria)",
"pbm": "普埃布拉馬薩特克語",
"pbn": "Kpasam",
"pbo": "Papel",
"pbp": "Badyara",
"pbr": "龐瓦語",
"pbs": "中帕梅語",
"pbv": "布那語",
"pby": "普尤語",
"pca": "聖伊內斯阿瓦特姆潘波波洛卡語",
"pcb": "比爾語",
"pcc": "布依語",
"pcd": "皮卡第語",
"pce": "布雷德昂語",
"pcf": "帕里揚語",
"pcg": "帕尼亞語",
"pch": "Pardhan",
"pci": "杜魯瓦語",
"pcj": "Parenga",
"pck": "Paite",
"pcl": "Pardhi",
"pcm": "尼日利亞皮欽語",
"pcn": "皮蒂語",
"pcp": "Pacahuara",
"pcw": "皮亞蓬語",
"pda": "Anam",
"pdc": "賓夕法尼亞德語",
"pdi": "Pa Di",
"pdn": "Fedan",
"pdo": "巴都艾語",
"pdt": "門諾低地德語",
"pdu": "卡延語",
"pea": "峇峇娘惹印尼語",
"peb": "東波莫語",
"ped": "Mala (New Guinea)",
"pee": "達捷語",
"pef": "東北波莫語",
"peg": "Pengo",
"peh": "保安語",
"pei": "奇奇梅克-喬納斯語",
"pej": "北波莫語",
"pek": "班查爾語",
"pel": "佩卡爾語",
"pem": "彭德語",
"peo": "古波斯語",
"pep": "昆嘉語",
"peq": "南波莫語",
"pev": "Pémono",
"pex": "佩塔茨語",
"pey": "佩喬語",
"pez": "東珀南語",
"pfa": "Pááfang",
"pfe": "Peere",
"pga": "朱巴阿拉伯語",
"pgd": "健馱邏語",
"pgg": "龐瓦利語",
"pgi": "帕吉語",
"pgk": "Rerep",
"pgl": "原始愛爾蘭語",
"pgn": "帕埃利尼語",
"pgs": "Pangseng",
"pgu": "帕古語",
"pgz": "巴布亞紐幾內亞手語",
"pha": "巴哼語",
"phd": "Phudagi",
"phg": "方語",
"phh": "夫卡語",
"phi-din": "Dinapigue Agta",
"phi-kal-pro": "原始卡拉棉語",
"phi-nag": "Nagtipunan Agta",
"phi-pro": "原始菲律賓語",
"phj": "Pahari Newari",
"phk": "帕克傣語",
"phl": "帕盧拉語",
"phm": "Phimbi",
"phn": "腓尼基語",
"pho": "普內語",
"phq": "帕那語",
"phr": "帕哈里-波特瓦里語",
"pht": "普泰語",
"phu": "Phuan",
"phv": "Pahlavani",
"phw": "Phangduwali",
"pi": "巴利語",
"pia": "皮馬巴霍語",
"pib": "皮洛語",
"pic": "平吉語",
"pid": "皮阿羅阿語",
"pie": "皮羅語",
"pif": "平格拉普語",
"pig": "皮薩博語",
"pih": "皮特凱恩語",
"pij": "Pijao",
"pil": "Yom",
"pim": "波瓦坦語",
"pin": "皮阿梅語",
"pio": "Piapoco",
"pip": "Pero",
"pir": "Piratapuyo",
"pis": "皮京語",
"pit": "皮塔-皮塔語",
"piu": "Pintupi-Luritja",
"piv": "皮勒尼語",
"piw": "平布韋語",
"pix": "皮烏語",
"piy": "Piya-Kwonci",
"piz": "Pije",
"pjt": "皮詹加加拉語",
"pkb": "基普福科莫語",
"pkc": "百濟語",
"pkg": "帕克-湯語",
"pkh": "旁庫語",
"pkn": "帕坎哈語",
"pko": "波科特語",
"pkp": "普卡普卡語",
"pkr": "阿塔帕迪庫龍巴語",
"pks": "巴基斯坦手語",
"pkt": "麻楞語",
"pku": "帕庫語",
"pl": "波蘭語",
"pla": "Miani",
"plb": "波洛農包克語",
"plc": "中巴拉望語",
"ple": "帕盧厄語",
"plg": "皮拉加語",
"plh": "保洛希語",
"plj": "波爾茨語",
"plk": "科希斯坦希納語",
"pll": "納盎德昂語",
"pln": "帕倫奎羅語",
"plo": "奧魯塔波波魯卡語",
"plq": "派拉語",
"plr": "帕拉卡-塞努富語",
"pls": "聖馬科斯特拉爾科亞爾科波波洛卡語",
"plu": "巴里庫爾語",
"plv": "西南巴拉望語",
"plw": "布魯克波因特巴拉望語",
"ply": "巴琉語",
"plz": "帕盧安語",
"pma": "帕馬語",
"pmb": "潘比亞語",
"pmd": "帕蘭甘米達恩語",
"pme": "Pwaamei",
"pmf": "帕莫納語",
"pmi": "北普米語",
"pmj": "南普米語",
"pmk": "帕姆利科語",
"pml": "沙比爾語",
"pmm": "波爾語",
"pmn": "帕姆語",
"pmo": "波姆語",
"pmq": "北帕梅語",
"pmr": "派納馬語",
"pms": "皮埃蒙特語",
"pmt": "土阿莫土語",
"pmw": "平原米沃克語",
"pmx": "Poumei Naga",
"pmy": "巴布亞馬來語",
"pmz": "南帕梅語",
"pna": "巴-標普南語",
"pnc": "潘內語",
"pnd": "姆平達語",
"pne": "西珀南語",
"png": "旁固語",
"pnh": "彭林語",
"pni": "奧亨語",
"pnj": "Pinjarup",
"pnk": "保納卡語",
"pnl": "帕萊尼語",
"pnm": "巴圖普南語",
"pnn": "Pinai-Hagahai",
"pno": "帕諾沃語",
"pnp": "潘查納語",
"pnq": "帕納語 (西非)",
"pnr": "帕尼姆語",
"pns": "波諾薩坎語",
"pnt": "旁狄希臘語",
"pnu": "炯奈語",
"pnv": "皮尼古拉語",
"pnw": "巴尼馬語",
"pnx": "克年語",
"pny": "平因語",
"pnz": "帕納語 (中非)",
"poc": "波科馬姆語",
"poe": "聖胡安阿欽戈波波洛卡語",
"pof": "Poke",
"pog": "波其瓜拉語",
"poh": "Poqomchi'",
"poi": "高地波波魯卡語",
"pok": "Pokangá",
"pom": "東南波莫語",
"pon": "波納佩語",
"poo": "中波莫語",
"pop": "普瓦普瓦語",
"poq": "特西斯特佩克波波魯卡語",
"pos": "薩約拉波波魯卡語",
"pot": "珀塔瓦托米語",
"pov": "幾內亞比紹克里奧爾語",
"pow": "聖費利佩奧特拉特佩克波波洛卡語",
"pox": "波拉布語",
"poy": "Pogolo",
"poz-abi": "阿拜語",
"poz-bal": "Baliledo",
"poz-btk-pro": "原始邦庫-多樂基語",
"poz-cet-pro": "原始中-東部馬來-波利尼西亞語",
"poz-hce-pro": "原始哈馬黑拉-鳥頭灣語",
"poz-lgx-pro": "原始楠榜語",
"poz-mcm-pro": "原始馬來-占語",
"poz-mic-pro": "原始密克羅尼西亞語",
"poz-mly-pro": "原始馬來語",
"poz-msa-pro": "原始馬來-松巴哇語",
"poz-nes": "Nese",
"poz-oce-pro": "原始大洋洲語",
"poz-pcc-pro": "Proto-Central Pacific",
"poz-pep-pro": "原始東部波利尼西亞語",
"poz-pnp-pro": "原始核心波利尼西亞語",
"poz-pol-pro": "原始波利尼西亞語",
"poz-pro": "原始馬來-波利尼西亞語",
"poz-sml": "砂拉越馬來語",
"poz-ssw-pro": "原始南蘇拉威西語",
"poz-swa-pro": "原始北沙撈越語",
"poz-ter": "登嘉樓馬來語",
"ppa": "Pao",
"ppe": "Papi",
"ppi": "帕伊帕伊語",
"ppk": "烏瑪語",
"ppl": "皮皮爾語",
"ppm": "帕波瑪語",
"ppn": "帕帕帕納語",
"ppo": "福洛巴語",
"ppq": "佩語",
"pps": "聖路易特馬拉卡約卡波波洛卡語",
"ppt": "帕語",
"ppu": "拍瀑拉語",
"pqa": "帕阿語",
"pqe-pro": "原始東部馬來-波利尼西亞語",
"pqm": "馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語",
"pra": "普拉克里特語",
"pra-niy": "尼亞普拉克里特語",
"prc": "帕拉奇語",
"pre": "普林西比語",
"prf": "巴拉南語",
"prg": "古普魯士語",
"prh": "波羅哈農語",
"pri": "Paicî",
"prk": "巴饒克語",
"prl": "秘魯手語",
"prm": "基比里語",
"prn": "瓦西瓦里語",
"pro": "古奧克語",
"prq": "佩勒內阿舍寧卡語",
"prr": "普里語",
"prt": "派語",
"pru": "普拉吉語",
"prw": "帕拉文語",
"prx": "普里克語",
"prz": "普羅維登西亞手語",
"ps": "普什圖語",
"psa": "阿蘇埃奧尤語",
"psc": "波斯手語",
"psd": "平原印第安手語",
"pse": "中馬來語",
"psg": "檳城手語",
"psh": "西南帕沙伊語",
"psi": "東南帕沙伊語",
"psl": "波多黎各手語",
"psm": "Pauserna",
"psn": "巴那宣語",
"pso": "波蘭手語",
"psp": "菲律賓手語",
"psq": "帕西語",
"psr": "葡萄牙手語",
"pss": "考龍語",
"psw": "Port Sandwich",
"psy": "皮斯卡特維語",
"pt": "葡萄牙語",
"pta": "Pai Tavytera",
"pth": "帕塔索語",
"pti": "Pintiini",
"ptn": "帕塔尼語",
"pto": "柔威語",
"ptp": "帕特普語",
"ptq": "帕塔普語",
"ptr": "皮阿馬次納語",
"ptt": "恩雷甘語",
"ptu": "班班語",
"ptv": "Port Vato",
"ptw": "彭特拉奇語",
"pty": "Pathiya",
"pua": "普雷佩查語",
"pub": "普倫語",
"puc": "梅拉普普南語",
"pud": "阿普特普南語",
"pue": "佩爾切語",
"puf": "梅拉赫普南語",
"pug": "普耶語",
"pui": "普伊納維語",
"puj": "圖布普南語",
"pum": "普瑪語",
"puo": "欣門語",
"pup": "普拉布語",
"puq": "Puquina",
"pur": "普魯沃拉語",
"put": "Putoh",
"puu": "普努語",
"puw": "Puluwat",
"pux": "普阿雷語",
"puy": "Purisimeño",
"pwa": "帕瓦亞語",
"pwb": "帕納瓦語",
"pwg": "加帕派瓦語",
"pwi": "帕德溫語",
"pwm": "莫爾伯語",
"pwn": "排灣語",
"pwo": "西波克倫語",
"pwr": "Powari",
"pww": "北波克倫語",
"pxm": "科扎爾特佩克米塞語",
"pye": "Pye Krumen",
"pym": "佩姆語",
"pyn": "波亞納瓦語",
"pys": "巴拉圭手語",
"pyu": "卑南語",
"pyx": "驃語",
"pyy": "片語",
"pzh": "巴宰語",
"pzn": "帕拉納加語",
"qfa-adm-pro": "原始大安達曼語",
"qfa-bet-pro": "原始貝台語",
"qfa-cka-pro": "原始楚科奇-堪察加語",
"qfa-hur-pro": "原始胡里安-烏拉爾圖語",
"qfa-kad-pro": "原始卡杜語",
"qfa-kms-pro": "原始侗水語",
"qfa-kor-pro": "原始朝鮮語",
"qfa-kra-pro": "原始仡佬語",
"qfa-lic-pro": "原始黎語",
"qfa-onb-pro": "原始貝語",
"qfa-ong-pro": "原始翁奇語",
"qfa-tak-pro": "原始侗台語",
"qfa-yen-pro": "原始葉尼塞語",
"qfa-yuk-pro": "原始尤卡吉爾語",
"qu": "克丘亞語",
"qua": "夸保語",
"quc": "基切語",
"qui": "奎魯特語",
"qum": "錫帕卡帕語",
"qun": "奎納特語",
"quq": "Quinqui",
"quv": "薩卡普爾泰克語",
"qvy": "卻域語",
"qwc": "古典克丘亞語",
"qwe-kch": "基奇瓦語",
"qwe-pro": "原始克丘亞語",
"qwm": "欽察語",
"qwt": "夸爾希奧誇-克拉茨卡尼語",
"qxs": "南羌語",
"qya": "昆雅語",
"qyp": "昆尼帕語",
"raa": "蕩格馬利語",
"rab": "坎陵語",
"rac": "拉薩瓦語",
"rad": "埃地語",
"raf": "西梅瓦杭語",
"rag": "洛戈利語",
"rah": "拉巴語",
"rai": "拉莫艾納語",
"rak": "博瓦伊語",
"ral": "Ralte",
"ram": "卡內拉語",
"ran": "Riantana",
"rao": "拉奧語",
"rap": "拉帕努伊語",
"raq": "薩姆語",
"rar": "拉羅湯加語",
"ras": "塔加利語",
"rat": "Razajerdi",
"rau": "拉烏特語",
"rav": "桑旁語",
"raw": "日旺語",
"rax": "Rang",
"ray": "拉帕語",
"raz": "拉罕布語",
"rbb": "若買德昂語",
"rbk": "北邦托克語",
"rbl": "米拉亞比科爾語",
"rcf": "留尼旺克里奧爾法語",
"rdb": "Rudbari",
"rea": "雷勞語",
"reb": "勒姆邦語",
"ree": "拉壤加央語",
"reg": "Kara (Tanzania)",
"rei": "Reli",
"rej": "勒姜語",
"rel": "倫迪勒語",
"rem": "雷莫語",
"ren": "盧敖語",
"rer": "Rer Bare",
"res": "雷舍語",
"ret": "雷塔語",
"rey": "雷亞薩諾語",
"rga": "羅里亞語",
"rge": "羅姆希臘語",
"rgk": "朗卡斯語",
"rgn": "羅馬涅語",
"rgr": "Resígaro",
"rgs": "南拉格萊語",
"rgu": "靈戈烏語",
"rhg": "羅興亞語",
"rhp": "雅杭語",
"ria": "梁語",
"rif": "里菲安語",
"ril": "日昂語",
"rim": "尼亞圖魯語",
"rin": "Nungu",
"rir": "瑞分語",
"rit": "Ritarungo",
"riu": "Riung",
"rjg": "Rajong",
"rji": "Raji",
"rjs": "拉傑班什語",
"rka": "克勞爾語",
"rkb": "里比薩語",
"rkh": "拉卡漢加-曼尼希基語",
"rki": "若開語",
"rkm": "馬爾卡語",
"rkt": "朗普里語",
"rkw": "阿拉瓜爾語",
"rm": "羅曼什語",
"rma": "拉瑪語",
"rmb": "Rembarunga",
"rmc": "喀爾巴阡羅姆語",
"rmd": "旅行者丹麥語",
"rme": "盎格魯羅姆語",
"rmf": "芬蘭羅姆語",
"rmg": "旅行者挪威語",
"rmh": "穆爾金語",
"rmi": "洛馬夫倫語",
"rmk": "隆昆語",
"rml": "波羅的羅姆語",
"rmm": "Roma",
"rmn": "巴爾幹羅姆語",
"rmo": "辛特羅姆語",
"rmp": "倫皮語",
"rmq": "伊比利吉普賽語",
"rms": "羅馬尼亞手語",
"rmt": "多姆語",
"rmu": "斯堪地羅姆語",
"rmv": "Romanova",
"rmw": "威爾士羅姆語",
"rmx": "勒曼語",
"rmy": "弗拉赫羅姆語",
"rmz": "馬爾馬語",
"rnd": "Ruwund",
"rng": "龍加語",
"rnl": "Ranglong",
"rnn": "Roon",
"rnp": "Rongpo",
"rnw": "龍瓦語",
"ro": "羅馬尼亞語",
"roa-ang": "安茹語",
"roa-bbn": "波旁-貝里語",
"roa-brg": "勃艮第語",
"roa-can": "坎塔布里亞語",
"roa-cha": "香檳語",
"roa-fcm": "弗朗什-孔泰語",
"roa-gal": "加羅語",
"roa-gib": "巴西利卡塔高盧-意大利語",
"roa-gis": "西西里高盧-意大利語",
"roa-leo": "萊昂語",
"roa-lor": "洛林語",
"roa-oca": "古加泰羅尼亞語",
"roa-ole": "古萊昂語",
"roa-ona": "納瓦拉-阿拉貢語",
"roa-opt": "古葡萄牙語",
"roa-orl": "奧爾良語",
"roa-poi": "普瓦圖-桑通日語",
"roa-tar": "塔倫蒂諾語",
"rob": "塔埃語",
"roc": "各加拉格萊語",
"rod": "Rogo",
"roe": "龍基語",
"rof": "蘭博語",
"rog": "北拉格萊語",
"rol": "朗布隆語",
"rom": "羅姆語",
"roo": "羅托卡特語",
"rop": "澳洲克里奧爾語",
"ror": "Rongga",
"rou": "Runga",
"row": "德拉-烏納萊語",
"rpn": "Repanbitip",
"rpt": "拉普廷語",
"rri": "里里奧語",
"rrm": "莫里奧里語",
"rro": "Roro",
"rrt": "Arritinngithigh",
"rsb": "羅姆語-塞爾維亞語",
"rsk": "潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語",
"rsl": "俄羅斯手語",
"rsm": "Miriwoong Sign Language",
"rsn": "盧安達手語",
"rtc": "Rungtu",
"rth": "拉塔罕語",
"rtm": "羅圖馬語",
"rtw": "Rathawi",
"ru": "俄語",
"rub": "貢古語",
"ruc": "魯烏利語",
"rue": "盧森尼亞語",
"ruf": "Luguru",
"rug": "羅維阿納語",
"ruh": "Ruga",
"rui": "魯菲吉語",
"ruk": "Che",
"ruo": "伊斯特羅-羅馬尼亞語",
"rup": "阿羅馬尼亞語",
"ruq": "梅戈來諾-羅馬尼亞語",
"rut": "魯圖爾語",
"ruu": "Lanas Lobu",
"ruy": "Mala (Nigeria)",
"ruz": "Ruma",
"rw": "盧旺達語",
"rwa": "拉沃語",
"rwk": "羅瓦語",
"rwm": "Amba",
"rwo": "拉瓦語",
"rxd": "Ngardi",
"rxw": "Karuwali",
"ryn": "北奄美大島語",
"rys": "八重山語",
"ryu": "沖繩語",
"rzh": "拉齊希語",
"sa": "梵語",
"saa": "薩巴語",
"sab": "布格勒熱語",
"sac": "福克斯語",
"sad": "桑達韋語",
"sae": "Sabanê",
"saf": "薩法利巴語",
"sah": "雅庫特語",
"sai-all": "Allentiac",
"sai-and": "Andoquero",
"sai-ayo": "Ayomán",
"sai-bae": "Baenan",
"sai-bag": "Bagua",
"sai-bet": "貝托伊語",
"sai-bor-pro": "原始博拉語",
"sai-cac": "Cacán",
"sai-caq": "Caranqui",
"sai-car-pro": "原始加勒比語",
"sai-cat": "卡塔考語",
"sai-cer-pro": "原始塞拉多語",
"sai-chi": "奇里諾語",
"sai-chn": "Chaná",
"sai-chp": "查帕庫拉語",
"sai-chr": "查魯阿語",
"sai-chu": "丘魯亞語",
"sai-cje-pro": "原始中熱語",
"sai-cmg": "Comechingon",
"sai-cno": "Chono",
"sai-cnr": "Cañari",
"sai-coe": "Coeruna",
"sai-col": "Colán",
"sai-cop": "Copallén",
"sai-crd": "Coroado Puri",
"sai-ctq": "Catuquinaru",
"sai-cul": "Culli",
"sai-cva": "Cueva",
"sai-esm": "埃斯梅拉爾達語",
"sai-ewa": "Ewarhuyana",
"sai-gam": "Gamela",
"sai-gay": "Gayón",
"sai-gmo": "Guamo",
"sai-gua": "Guachí",
"sai-gue": "古埃諾阿語",
"sai-hau": "Haush",
"sai-jee-pro": "原始熱語",
"sai-jko": "熱科語",
"sai-jrj": "希拉希拉語",
"sai-kat": "Katembri",
"sai-krp": "Karipuna (Panoan)",
"sai-mal": "馬拉利語",
"sai-mar": "馬拉蒂諾語",
"sai-mat": "馬塔納維語",
"sai-mcn": "莫卡納語",
"sai-men": "Menien",
"sai-mil": "Millcayac",
"sai-mlb": "馬利布語",
"sai-msk": "Masakará",
"sai-muc": "Mucuchí",
"sai-mue": "Muellama",
"sai-muz": "Muzo",
"sai-mys": "Maynas",
"sai-nat": "Natú",
"sai-nje-pro": "原始北熱語",
"sai-opo": "Opón",
"sai-oto": "奧托馬科語",
"sai-pal": "Palta",
"sai-pam": "Pamigua",
"sai-par": "Paratió",
"sai-peb": "Peba",
"sai-pnz": "Panzaleo",
"sai-prh": "Puruhá",
"sai-ptg": "Patagón",
"sai-ptx": "Pataxó",
"sai-pur": "Purukotó",
"sai-pyg": "Payaguá",
"sai-pyk": "比克比杰語",
"sai-qmb": "Quimbaya",
"sai-qtm": "奎特莫語",
"sai-rab": "拉博納語",
"sai-ram": "拉馬諾斯語",
"sai-sac": "Sácata",
"sai-san": "Sanaviron",
"sai-sap": "薩帕拉語",
"sai-sec": "塞楚拉語",
"sai-sin": "西努法納語",
"sai-sje-pro": "原始南熱語",
"sai-tab": "塔班卡萊語",
"sai-tal": "塔良語",
"sai-tap": "塔帕尤納語",
"sai-tar-pro": "Proto-Taranoan",
"sai-teu": "Teushen",
"sai-tim": "蒂莫特語",
"sai-tpr": "塔帕里塔語",
"sai-trr": "Tarairiú",
"sai-wai": "Waitaká",
"sai-way": "Wayumará",
"sai-wit-pro": "Proto-Witotoan",
"sai-wnm": "瓦尼亞姆語",
"sai-xoc": "Xocó",
"sai-yao": "Yao (South America)",
"sai-yar": "亞魯馬語",
"sai-yri": "尤里語",
"sai-yup": "尤普阿語",
"sai-yur": "尤魯曼圭語",
"saj": "薩胡語",
"sak": "薩克語",
"sal-pro": "原始薩利希語",
"sam": "撒馬利亞亞拉姆語",
"sao": "薩烏塞語",
"saq": "薩布魯語",
"sar": "Saraveca",
"sas": "薩薩克語",
"sat": "桑塔利語",
"sau": "薩萊曼語",
"sav": "薩菲薩菲語",
"saw": "薩維語",
"sax": "薩語",
"say": "沙雅語",
"saz": "索拉什特拉語",
"sba": "甘拜語",
"sbb": "辛博語",
"sbc": "克勒語",
"sbd": "Southern Samo",
"sbe": "Saliba (New Guinea)",
"sbf": "薩波語",
"sbg": "塞格特語",
"sbh": "索里-哈林甘語",
"sbi": "塞提語",
"sbj": "蘇巴庫爾語",
"sbk": "薩夫瓦語",
"sbl": "波多蘭三描語",
"sbm": "薩加拉語",
"sbn": "信德比爾語",
"sbo": "Sabüm",
"sbp": "桑古語",
"sbq": "Sileibi",
"sbr": "森巴孔穆魯特語",
"sbs": "蘇比亞語",
"sbt": "金基語",
"sbu": "Stod Bhoti",
"sbv": "薩比尼語",
"sbw": "Simba",
"sbx": "塞貝魯昂語",
"sby": "Soli",
"sbz": "Sara Kaba",
"sc": "撒丁語",
"scb": "哲語",
"sce": "東鄉語",
"scf": "聖米格爾克里奧爾法語",
"scg": "上侯語",
"sch": "薩卡車普語",
"sci": "斯里蘭卡克里奧爾馬來語",
"sck": "薩達里語",
"scl": "希納語",
"scn": "西西里語",
"sco": "低地蘇格蘭語",
"scp": "約爾莫語",
"scq": "Sa'och",
"scs": "北斯拉維語",
"scu": "松楚語",
"scv": "Sheni",
"scw": "Sha",
"scx": "西庫爾語",
"scz": "設德蘭語",
"sd": "信德語",
"sda": "托拉查-薩達語",
"sdb": "沙巴克語",
"sdc": "薩薩里語",
"sde": "蘇魯布語",
"sdf": "薩爾里語",
"sdg": "沙維語",
"sdh": "南庫爾德語",
"sdj": "Suundi",
"sdk": "索斯昆蒂語",
"sdl": "沙烏地阿拉伯手語",
"sdm": "塞曼當語",
"sdn": "加盧拉語",
"sdo": "布卡-三東-比達友語",
"sdp": "舍朱奔語",
"sdr": "奧拉昂薩達里語",
"sds": "突尼西亞柏柏爾語",
"sdu": "薩魯杜語",
"sdv-daj-pro": "Proto-Daju",
"sdv-eje-pro": "Proto-Eastern Jebel",
"sdv-nil-pro": "原始尼羅語",
"sdv-nyi-pro": "Proto-Nyima",
"sdv-tmn-pro": "Proto-Taman",
"sdx": "Sibu Melanau",
"se": "北薩米語",
"sea": "塞邁語",
"sec": "塞切爾特語",
"sed": "色當語",
"see": "塞訥卡語",
"sef": "切巴拉塞諾福語",
"seg": "Segeju",
"seh": "賽納語",
"sei": "瑟里語",
"sej": "瑟內語",
"sek": "塞卡尼語",
"sel-nor": "北塞爾庫普語",
"sel-pro": "原始塞爾庫普語",
"sel-sou": "南塞爾庫普語",
"sem-amm": "亞捫語",
"sem-amo": "亞摩利語",
"sem-cha": "Chaha",
"sem-dad": "Dadanitic",
"sem-dum": "Dumaitic",
"sem-has": "Hasaitic",
"sem-his": "Hismaic",
"sem-mhr": "Muher",
"sem-pro": "原始閃米特語",
"sem-saf": "Safaitic",
"sem-sam": "Samalian",
"sem-srb": "古南阿拉伯語",
"sem-tay": "泰馬語",
"sem-tha": "賽莫德語",
"sem-wes-pro": "原始西閃米特語",
"sen": "Nanerigé Sénoufo",
"seo": "Suarmin",
"sep": "Sìcìté Sénoufo",
"seq": "Senara Sénoufo",
"ser": "塞拉諾語",
"ses": "東桑海語",
"set": "森塔尼語",
"seu": "Serui-Laut",
"sev": "Nyarafolo Senoufo",
"sew": "Sewa Bay",
"sey": "塞科雅語",
"sez": "Senthang Chin",
"sfb": "法國比利時手語",
"sfe": "Eastern Subanun",
"sfm": "小花苗語",
"sfs": "南非手語",
"sfw": "舍赫維語",
"sg": "桑戈語",
"sga": "古愛爾蘭語",
"sgb": "麥安契埃塔語",
"sgc": "基普西吉語",
"sgd": "蘇里高農語",
"sge": "色蓋語",
"sgg": "瑞士德語手語",
"sgh": "舒格南語",
"sgi": "蘇加語",
"sgk": "桑孔語",
"sgm": "Singa",
"sgp": "辛頗語",
"sgr": "桑加薩爾語",
"sgs": "薩莫吉提亞語",
"sgt": "布羅克帕克語",
"sgu": "Salas",
"sgw": "塞巴特貝特語",
"sgx": "塞拉利昂手語",
"sgy": "桑格萊奇語",
"sgz": "蘇爾蘇隆嘉語",
"sh": "塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語",
"sha": "Shall-Zwall",
"shb": "尼納姆語",
"shc": "Sonde",
"shd": "昆達爾-沙希語",
"she": "謝科語",
"shg": "舒亞語",
"shh": "休休尼語",
"shi": "施盧赫語",
"shj": "沙特語",
"shk": "什魯克語",
"shm": "沙赫魯迪語",
"shn": "撣語",
"sho": "尚加語",
"shp": "希皮博-科尼博語",
"shq": "Sala",
"shr": "施語",
"shs": "舒什瓦普語",
"sht": "沙斯塔語",
"shu": "乍得阿拉伯語",
"shv": "山地語",
"shw": "希瓦伊語",
"shx": "畲語",
"shy": "塔查維特語",
"shz": "Syenara Senoufo",
"si": "僧加羅語",
"sia": "阿卡拉薩米語",
"sib": "塞波普語",
"sid": "希達摩語",
"sie": "西馬語",
"sif": "斯亞穆語",
"sig": "帕薩勒語",
"sih": "Zire",
"sii": "Shom Peng",
"sij": "農巴米語",
"sik": "Sikiana",
"sil": "圖穆隆錫薩拉語",
"sim": "Seim",
"sio-pro": "原始蘇語",
"sip": "錫金語",
"siq": "Sonia",
"sir": "斯里語",
"sis": "西烏斯勞語",
"sit-aao-pro": "原始中那加語",
"sit-bai-pro": "原始白語",
"sit-ban": "崩如語",
"sit-bdi-pro": "原始藏語",
"sit-bok": "博嘎爾語",
"sit-cai": "蔡家話",
"sit-cha": "Chairel",
"sit-ers-pro": "原始爾蘇語",
"sit-hrs-pro": "原始魯蘇語",
"sit-jap": "茶堡話",
"sit-kha-pro": "原始卡姆語",
"sit-khb-pro": "原始舍朱奔語",
"sit-khp-pro": "原始蘇龍語",
"sit-khw-pro": "原始西舍朱奔語",
"sit-kon-pro": "原始北那加語",
"sit-liz": "栗蘇語",
"sit-lnj": "龍家語",
"sit-lrn": "盧人語",
"sit-luu-pro": "原始盧伊語",
"sit-nas-pro": "原始納西語",
"sit-prn": "Puiron",
"sit-pro": "原始漢藏語",
"sit-sit": "四土話",
"sit-tam-pro": "原始達芒語",
"sit-tan-pro": "原始達尼語",
"sit-tgm": "唐阿姆語",
"sit-tng-pro": "原始唐窟語",
"sit-tos": "多續語",
"sit-tsh": "草登話",
"sit-zbu": "日部話",
"siu": "西那更語",
"siv": "Sumariup",
"siw": "西懷語",
"six": "蘇毛語",
"siy": "斯凡迪語",
"siz": "西威語",
"sja": "埃佩納語",
"sjb": "Sajau Basap",
"sjc": "邵將語",
"sjd": "基爾丁薩米語",
"sje": "皮特薩米語",
"sjg": "阿桑戈利語",
"sjk": "凱米薩米語",
"sjl": "米吉語",
"sjm": "馬蓬語",
"sjn": "辛達林語",
"sjo": "錫伯語",
"sjp": "蘇爾賈普里語",
"sjr": "Siar-Lak",
"sjs": "森哈加語",
"sjt": "特爾薩米語",
"sju": "于默薩米語",
"sjw": "肖尼語",
"sk": "斯洛伐克語",
"skb": "石語",
"skc": "馬曼達語",
"skd": "南部山地米沃克語",
"ske": "斯凱語",
"skf": "撒古拉比阿特語",
"skh": "西庫萊語",
"ski": "西卡語",
"skj": "塞克語",
"skk": "索克語",
"skm": "薩卡姆語",
"skn": "哥里布安-蘇巴農語",
"sko": "西谷-德雅語",
"skp": "塞卡潘語",
"skq": "西寧科勒語",
"skr": "沙拉基語",
"sks": "馬伊亞語",
"skt": "薩卡塔語",
"sku": "薩考語",
"skv": "斯庫語",
"skw": "斯克皮克里奧爾荷蘭語",
"skx": "西谷-巴當語",
"sky": "西卡亞納語",
"skz": "塞卡爾語",
"sl": "斯洛文尼亞語",
"sla-pro": "原始斯拉夫語",
"slc": "Saliba (Colombia)",
"sld": "西薩拉語",
"sle": "紹拉加語",
"slf": "瑞士意大利語手語",
"slg": "Selungai Murut",
"slj": "Salumá",
"sll": "薩爾特-尤伊語",
"slm": "潘古塔蘭薩馬語",
"sln": "Salinan",
"slp": "拉馬霍洛特語",
"slr": "撒拉語",
"sls": "新加坡手語",
"slt": "西拉語 (漢藏語系)",
"slu": "塞拉魯語",
"slw": "西亞隆語",
"slx": "Salampasu",
"sly": "塞拉亞語",
"slz": "馬亞語",
"sm": "薩摩亞語",
"sma": "南薩米語",
"smb": "辛巴里語",
"smc": "索姆語",
"smd": "薩馬語",
"smf": "Auwe",
"smg": "Simbali",
"smh": "撒梅語",
"smi-pro": "原始薩米語",
"smj": "呂勒薩米語",
"smk": "博利瑙語",
"sml": "中薩馬語",
"smm": "穆薩薩語",
"smn": "伊納里薩米語",
"smp": "撒馬利亞希伯來語",
"smq": "薩莫語",
"smr": "錫默盧語",
"sms": "斯科爾特薩米語",
"smt": "辛特語",
"smu": "松萊語",
"smv": "桑維蒂語",
"smw": "松巴哇語",
"smx": "桑巴語",
"smy": "森南尼語",
"smz": "西梅庫語",
"sn": "修納語",
"snb": "塞布堯語",
"snc": "西瑙高羅語",
"sne": "查格依語",
"snf": "努恩語",
"sng": "桑加語 (剛果)",
"sni": "森斯語",
"snj": "Riverain Sango",
"snk": "索尼基語",
"snl": "桑基勒語",
"snm": "南馬迪語",
"snn": "西奧納語",
"snp": "西亞內語",
"snq": "Sangu (Gabon)",
"snr": "Sihan",
"sns": "納哈瓦克語",
"snu": "Senggi",
"snv": "Sa'ban",
"snw": "塞勒厄語",
"snx": "薩姆語",
"sny": "薩尼約-希耶維語",
"snz": "科烏語",
"so": "索馬里語",
"soa": "宋傣語",
"sob": "索貝語",
"soc": "索科語",
"sod": "Songoora",
"soe": "亨多語",
"sog": "粟特語",
"soh": "Aka (Sudan)",
"soi": "Sonha",
"sok": "索科羅語",
"sol": "索洛斯語",
"son-pro": "原始桑海語",
"soo": "恩松語",
"sop": "松格語",
"soq": "卡納西語",
"sor": "松賴語",
"sos": "Seenku",
"sou": "南部泰語",
"sov": "松索羅爾語",
"sow": "索萬達語",
"sox": "索語",
"soy": "米約貝語",
"soz": "特米語",
"spb": "Sepa (Indonesia)",
"spc": "薩佩語",
"spd": "薩埃普語",
"spe": "Sepa (New Guinea)",
"spg": "Sian",
"spi": "薩波尼語",
"spk": "Sengo",
"spl": "塞萊佩特語",
"spm": "Sepen",
"spn": "薩納帕納語",
"spo": "斯波坎語",
"spp": "蘇皮爾語",
"spr": "薩帕魯亞語",
"sps": "薩波薩語",
"spt": "Spiti Bhoti",
"spu": "薩普安語",
"spv": "桑巴爾普里語",
"spx": "南皮賽恩語",
"spy": "薩鮑特語",
"sq": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
"sqa": "沙馬-桑布加語",
"sqh": "Shau",
"sqj-pro": "原始阿爾巴尼亞語",
"sqk": "阿爾巴尼亞手語",
"sqm": "Suma",
"sqn": "薩斯昆漢諾克語",
"sqo": "索爾赫伊語",
"sqq": "Sou",
"sqr": "西庫爾阿拉伯語",
"sqs": "斯里蘭卡手語",
"sqt": "索科特拉語",
"squ": "斯闊米什語",
"sra": "薩魯加語",
"srb": "索拉語",
"sre": "薩拉語",
"srf": "納菲語",
"srg": "蘇洛德語",
"srh": "色勒庫爾語",
"sri": "西里亞諾語",
"srk": "Serudung Murut",
"srl": "伊斯拉瓦語",
"srm": "薩拉馬卡語",
"srn": "蘇里南湯加語",
"srq": "西里奧諾語",
"srr": "塞雷爾語",
"srs": "薩西語",
"srt": "邵里語",
"sru": "Suruí",
"srv": "瓦瑞索索貢語",
"srw": "塞魯亞語",
"srx": "西爾毛里語",
"sry": "錫拉語",
"srz": "沙赫米爾扎迪語",
"ss": "史瓦濟語",
"ssa-klk-pro": "原始庫利亞克語",
"ssa-kom-pro": "Proto-Koman",
"ssa-pro": "原始尼羅-撒哈拉語",
"ssb": "南薩馬語",
"ssc": "辛比蒂-蘇巴語",
"ssd": "西羅伊語",
"sse": "Balangingi",
"ssf": "邵語",
"ssg": "塞馬特語",
"ssh": "希赫阿拉伯語",
"ssi": "桑斯語",
"ssj": "紹西語",
"ssk": "蘇納姆語",
"ssl": "西錫薩拉語",
"ssm": "森南語",
"sso": "西薩諾語",
"ssp": "西班牙手語",
"ssq": "索阿語",
"ssr": "瑞士法國手語",
"sss": "Sô",
"sst": "西納西納語",
"ssu": "蘇蘇阿米語",
"ssv": "Shark Bay",
"ssx": "桑貝里吉語",
"ssy": "薩霍語",
"ssz": "森勝語",
"st": "塞索托語",
"stb": "北蘇巴農語",
"std": "桑提內爾語",
"ste": "利亞納-塞蒂語",
"stf": "塞塔語",
"stg": "特林語",
"sth": "雪爾塔語",
"sti": "布羅斯丁語",
"stj": "Matya Samo",
"stk": "阿拉姆巴語",
"stm": "塞塔曼語",
"stn": "沃瓦語",
"sto": "斯托尼語",
"stp": "東南特佩瓦語",
"stq": "薩特弗里斯蘭語",
"str": "薩尼奇語",
"sts": "舒馬斯梯語",
"stt": "布德斯丁語",
"stu": "阿爾佤語",
"stv": "Silt'e",
"stw": "薩塔瓦爾語",
"sty": "西伯利亞韃靼語",
"su": "巽他語",
"sua": "蘇爾卡語",
"sub": "蘇庫語",
"suc": "西蘇巴農語",
"sue": "蘇埃納語",
"sug": "蘇甘加語",
"sui": "蘇基語",
"suk": "蘇庫馬語",
"suo": "Bouni",
"suq": "蘇里語",
"sur": "姆瓦格烏爾語",
"sus": "蘇蘇語",
"sut": "Subtiaba",
"suv": "蘇龍語",
"suw": "松布瓦語",
"sux": "蘇美爾語",
"suy": "蘇亞語",
"suz": "松瓦爾語",
"sv": "瑞典語",
"sva": "斯凡語",
"svb": "烏勞-蘇因語",
"svc": "聖文森克里奧爾語",
"sve": "塞利里語",
"svk": "斯洛伐克手語",
"svm": "斯拉夫莫利塞語",
"svs": "薩沃薩沃語",
"svx": "斯卡洛維亞語",
"sw": "斯瓦希里語",
"swb": "馬約特科摩羅語",
"swf": "塞雷語",
"swg": "施瓦本語",
"swi": "水語",
"swj": "西拉語 (班圖語支)",
"swl": "瑞典手語",
"swm": "薩莫薩語",
"swn": "索克納語",
"swo": "沙嫩納瓦語",
"swp": "蘇奧語",
"swq": "Sharwa",
"swr": "Saweru",
"sws": "塞魯瓦散語",
"swt": "沙維拉語",
"swu": "蘇瓦瓦語",
"sww": "索瓦語",
"swx": "Suruahá",
"swy": "薩盧亞語",
"sxb": "蘇巴語",
"sxc": "Sicanian",
"sxe": "西古語",
"sxg": "史興語",
"sxk": "南卡拉普亞語",
"sxl": "瑟羅尼亞語",
"sxm": "桑雷語",
"sxn": "桑格語",
"sxo": "Sorothaptic",
"sxr": "拉阿魯哇語",
"sxs": "薩薩魯語",
"sxw": "薩赫威格貝語",
"sya": "Siang",
"syb": "中蘇巴農語",
"syc": "古典敘利亞語",
"syd-pro": "原始薩莫耶德語",
"syi": "塞基語",
"syk": "蘇庫爾語",
"syl": "錫爾赫特語",
"sym": "Maya Samo",
"syn": "塞納亞語",
"syo": "索伊語",
"sys": "辛雅爾語",
"syw": "卡加特語",
"syx": "奧薩馬伊語",
"syy": "阿爾-賽義德貝都因手語",
"sza": "塞美來語",
"szb": "Ngalum",
"szc": "Semaq Beri",
"szd": "塞魯語",
"sze": "舍澤語",
"szg": "森格勒語",
"szl": "西里西亞語",
"szn": "蘇拉語",
"szp": "蘇阿博語",
"szs": "所羅門群島手語",
"szv": "伊蘇布語",
"szw": "薩瓦伊語",
"szy": "撒奇萊雅語",
"ta": "泰米爾語",
"taa": "下塔納納語",
"tab": "塔巴薩蘭語",
"tac": "低地塔拉烏馬拉語",
"tad": "陶塞語",
"tae": "塔里阿納語",
"taf": "塔比拉貝語",
"tag": "塔戈伊語",
"tai-pro": "原始台語",
"tai-swe-pro": "原始西南台語",
"taj": "東達芒語",
"tak": "塔拉語",
"tal": "塔爾語",
"tan": "坦加勒語",
"tao": "達悟語",
"tap": "塔布瓦語",
"tar": "中塔拉烏馬拉語",
"tas": "Tây Bồi",
"tau": "Upper Tanana",
"tav": "塔圖約語",
"taw": "Tai",
"tax": "坦基語",
"tay": "泰雅語",
"taz": "托喬語",
"tba": "艾嘎嫩語",
"tbc": "塔基亞語",
"tbd": "Kaki Ae",
"tbe": "Tanimbili",
"tbf": "Mandara",
"tbg": "北泰羅拉語",
"tbh": "Thurawal",
"tbi": "加姆語",
"tbj": "蒂昂語",
"tbk": "卡拉米-塔格巴努瓦語",
"tbl": "特波里語",
"tbm": "塔格布語",
"tbn": "巴羅內格羅烏瓦語",
"tbo": "塔瓦拉語",
"tbp": "Taworta",
"tbq-bdg-pro": "原始博多-加羅語",
"tbq-blg": "白狼語",
"tbq-brm-pro": "原始緬語",
"tbq-gkh": "勾克語",
"tbq-kuk-pro": "原始庫基-欽語",
"tbq-lal-pro": "原始臘羅語",
"tbq-laz": "拉熱語",
"tbq-lob-pro": "原始緬彝語",
"tbq-lol-pro": "原始彝語",
"tbq-mil": "米浪語",
"tbq-mor": "Moran",
"tbq-ngo": "Ngochang",
"tbr": "Tumtum",
"tbs": "Tanguat",
"tbt": "滕博語",
"tbu": "圖巴爾語",
"tbv": "Tobo",
"tbw": "塔格巴努瓦語",
"tbx": "卡平語",
"tby": "塔巴魯語",
"tbz": "Ditammari",
"tca": "齊古納語",
"tcb": "Tanacross",
"tcc": "Datooga",
"tcd": "Tafi",
"tce": "南塔穹語",
"tcf": "馬利納爾特佩克特拉帕克語",
"tcg": "Tamagario",
"tch": "特克斯和凱科斯群島克里奧爾英語",
"tci": "Wára",
"tck": "Tchitchege",
"tcl": "答曼語 (緬甸)",
"tcm": "Tanahmerah",
"tco": "Taungyo",
"tcp": "Tawr Chin",
"tcq": "Kaiy",
"tcs": "托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語",
"tct": "佯僙語",
"tcu": "東南塔拉烏馬拉語",
"tcw": "特克帕特蘭托托納克語",
"tcx": "托達語",
"tcy": "圖陸語",
"tcz": "Thado Chin",
"tda": "Tagdal",
"tdb": "Panchpargania",
"tdc": "Emberá-Tadó",
"tdd": "傣納語",
"tde": "Tiranige Diga Dogon",
"tdf": "Talieng",
"tdg": "西達芒語",
"tdh": "圖隆語",
"tdi": "多馬迪諾語",
"tdj": "塔基歐語",
"tdk": "Tambas",
"tdl": "Sur",
"tdm": "Taruma",
"tdn": "通達諾語",
"tdo": "Teme",
"tdq": "Tita",
"tdr": "祖查語",
"tds": "多泰語",
"tdt": "帝力德頓語",
"tdv": "圖爾克瓦姆語",
"tdy": "塔迪亞萬語",
"te": "泰盧固語",
"tea": "特米亞爾語",
"teb": "Tetete",
"tec": "Terik",
"ted": "Tepo Krumen",
"tee": "韋韋特拉特佩瓦語",
"tef": "Teressa",
"teg": "北部特克語",
"teh": "Tehuelche",
"tei": "托里切利語",
"tek": "Ibali Teke",
"tem": "提姆語",
"ten": "Tama (Colombia)",
"teo": "特索語",
"tep": "特佩卡諾語",
"teq": "Temein",
"ter": "泰雷諾語",
"tes": "騰格爾語",
"tet": "德頓語",
"teu": "Soo",
"tev": "Teor",
"tew": "特瓦語",
"tex": "滕內語",
"tey": "Tulishi",
"tez": "特特瑟雷特語",
"tfi": "Tofin Gbe",
"tfn": "代那安那語",
"tfo": "Tefaro",
"tfr": "特里貝語",
"tft": "特爾納特語",
"tg": "塔吉克語",
"tga": "Sagalla",
"tgb": "托比隆語",
"tgc": "Tigak",
"tgd": "Ciwogai",
"tge": "東廓爾喀達芒語",
"tgf": "查利語",
"tgh": "多巴哥克里奧爾英語",
"tgi": "拉溫亞語",
"tgn": "坦達加農語",
"tgo": "塔古拉語",
"tgp": "Tangoa",
"tgq": "Tring",
"tgr": "Tareng",
"tgs": "Nume",
"tgt": "中塔格巴努瓦語",
"tgu": "Tanggu",
"tgv": "Tingui-Boto",
"tgw": "Tagwana Senoufo",
"tgx": "塔吉什語",
"tgy": "Togoyo",
"th": "泰語",
"thc": "傣包語",
"thd": "Kuuk Thaayorre",
"the": "奇特旺塔魯語",
"thf": "Thangmi",
"thh": "北塔拉烏馬拉語",
"thi": "Tai Long",
"thk": "薩拉卡語",
"thl": "Dangaura Tharu",
"thm": "他文語",
"thn": "Thachanadan",
"thp": "湯普森語",
"thq": "珂奇拉塔魯語",
"thr": "拉納塔魯語",
"ths": "塔卡利語",
"tht": "塔爾坦語",
"thu": "Thuri",
"thy": "Tha",
"ti": "提格里尼亞語",
"tic": "Tira",
"tif": "Tifal",
"tig": "提格雷語",
"tih": "蒂穆貢穆魯特語",
"tii": "Tiene",
"tij": "Tilung",
"tik": "Tikar",
"til": "Tillamook",
"tim": "Timbe",
"tin": "廷迪語",
"tio": "特奧普語",
"tip": "特里穆里斯語",
"tiq": "Tiéfo",
"tis": "馬薩迪伊特伊特內格語",
"tit": "Tinigua",
"tiu": "阿達森語",
"tiv": "泰雷諾語",
"tiw": "提維語",
"tix": "Southern Tiwa",
"tiy": "蒂魯賴語",
"tiz": "紅金傣語",
"tja": "塔朱松語",
"tjg": "通瓊語",
"tji": "北部土家語",
"tjl": "傣來語",
"tjm": "Timucua",
"tjn": "Tonjon",
"tjs": "南部土家語",
"tju": "Tjurruru",
"tjw": "查普伍龍語",
"tk": "土庫曼語",
"tka": "特魯卡語",
"tkb": "Buksa",
"tkd": "土庫德德語",
"tke": "塔夸內語",
"tkf": "Tukumanféd",
"tkl": "托克勞語",
"tkm": "Takelma",
"tkn": "德之島語",
"tkp": "蒂科皮亞語",
"tkq": "Tee",
"tkr": "查庫爾語",
"tks": "Ramandi",
"tkt": "卡塔里亞塔魯語",
"tku": "上內卡克薩托托納克語",
"tkv": "穆爾帕諾語",
"tkw": "泰努語",
"tkx": "唐科語",
"tkz": "謝古語",
"tl": "他加祿語",
"tla": "西南特佩瓦語",
"tlb": "托貝洛語",
"tlc": "耶庫阿特拉托托納克語",
"tld": "達勞德語",
"tlf": "特萊福爾語",
"tlg": "Tofanma",
"tlh": "克林貢語",
"tli": "特林吉特語",
"tlj": "Talinga-Bwisi",
"tlk": "達祿基語",
"tll": "特特拉語",
"tlm": "托洛馬科語",
"tln": "大龍駱語'",
"tlo": "塔洛迪語",
"tlp": "菲洛梅納-馬塔-科阿維特蘭托托納克語",
"tlq": "蒙雷語",
"tlr": "塔利塞語",
"tls": "塔姆博塔洛語",
"tlt": "特盧蒂語",
"tlu": "Tulehu",
"tlv": "塔利亞布語",
"tlx": "克赫赫克語",
"tly": "塔利什語",
"tma": "Tama (Chad)",
"tmb": "Avava",
"tmc": "Tumak",
"tmd": "Haruai",
"tme": "Tremembé",
"tmf": "Toba-Maskoy",
"tmg": "Ternateño",
"tmh": "圖阿雷格語",
"tmi": "圖圖巴語",
"tmj": "薩馬羅克納語",
"tml": "Tamnim Citak",
"tmm": "傣奈語",
"tmn": "答曼語 (印尼)",
"tmo": "特莫克語",
"tmq": "通萊奧語",
"tms": "蒂馬語",
"tmt": "塔斯馬特語",
"tmu": "雅烏語",
"tmv": "Motembo",
"tmy": "Tami",
"tmz": "塔馬納庫語",
"tn": "茨瓦納語",
"tna": "塔卡納語",
"tnb": "西烏瓦語",
"tnc": "Tanimuca-Retuarã",
"tnd": "安古斯圖拉烏瓦語",
"tne": "Tinoc Kallahan",
"tng": "Tobanga",
"tnh": "Maiani",
"tni": "坦迪阿語",
"tnk": "Kwamera",
"tnl": "Lenakel",
"tnm": "塔布拉語",
"tnn": "北坦納語",
"tno": "Toromono",
"tnp": "白沙語",
"tnq": "泰諾語",
"tnr": "Bedik",
"tns": "特尼斯語",
"tnt": "通騰博安語",
"tnu": "岱康語",
"tnv": "坦昌雅語",
"tnw": "通沙旺語",
"tnx": "塔內馬語",
"tny": "Tongwe",
"tnz": "Ten'edn",
"to": "湯加語",
"tob": "托巴語",
"toc": "科尤特拉托托納克語",
"tod": "Toma",
"tof": "Gizrra",
"tog": "通加語 (馬拉維)",
"toh": "通加語 (莫桑比克)",
"toi": "通加語 (贊比亞)",
"toj": "托霍拉瓦爾語",
"tok": "道本語",
"tol": "Tolowa",
"tom": "通布魯語",
"too": "西科特佩克-德華雷斯托托納克語",
"top": "帕潘特拉托托納克語",
"toq": "Toposa",
"tor": "Togbo-Vara Banda",
"tos": "高地托托納克語",
"tou": "土語",
"tov": "Upper Taromi",
"tow": "Jemez",
"tox": "托比語",
"toy": "多波伊尤語",
"toz": "To",
"tpa": "Taupota",
"tpc": "阿索尤梅帕語",
"tpe": "Tippera",
"tpf": "Tarpia",
"tpg": "Kula",
"tpi": "托克皮辛語",
"tpj": "塔皮埃特語",
"tpk": "都比尼欽語",
"tpl": "特拉科阿帕梅帕語",
"tpm": "Tampulma",
"tpn": "圖皮南巴語",
"tpo": "行彤傣語",
"tpp": "比薩佛洛勒斯特佩瓦語",
"tpq": "獨巴語",
"tpr": "圖帕里語",
"tpt": "特拉奇奇爾科特佩瓦語",
"tpu": "坦普溫語",
"tpv": "塔納帕格語",
"tpw": "古圖皮語",
"tpx": "阿卡特佩克-梅帕語",
"tpy": "特魯邁語",
"tpz": "Tinputz",
"tqb": "坦貝語",
"tql": "萊哈利語",
"tqm": "Turumsa",
"tqn": "特奈諾語",
"tqo": "托里皮語",
"tqp": "托莫伊普語",
"tqq": "突尼語",
"tqr": "托羅納語",
"tqt": "西托托納克語",
"tqu": "Touo",
"tqw": "通卡瓦語",
"tr": "土耳其語",
"tra": "提拉希語",
"trb": "泰雷布語",
"trc": "科帕拉特里基語",
"trd": "Turi",
"tre": "東塔蘭甘語",
"trf": "特立尼達克里奧爾英語",
"trg": "李山帝丹語",
"trh": "Turaka",
"tri": "奇里幼語",
"trj": "Toram",
"trk-dkh": "杜漢語",
"trk-eog": "早期古烏古斯語",
"trk-oat": "古安納托利亞土耳其語",
"trk-pro": "原始突厥語",
"trl": "旅行者蘇格蘭語",
"trm": "特雷甘語",
"trn": "Trinitario",
"tro": "塔勞語",
"trp": "博羅克語",
"trq": "聖馬丁伊通約索特里基語",
"trr": "陶希羅語",
"trs": "奇卡華特拉特里基語",
"trt": "Tunggare",
"tru": "圖羅尤語",
"trv": "賽德克語",
"trw": "托瓦利語",
"trx": "Tringgus",
"try": "土隆語",
"trz": "Torá",
"ts": "聰加語",
"tsa": "Tsaangi",
"tsb": "瑟麥語",
"tsc": "Tswa",
"tsd": "特薩克尼恩語",
"tse": "突尼西亞手語",
"tsg": "陶蘇格語",
"tsh": "Tsuvan",
"tsi": "茨姆錫安語",
"tsj": "倉洛語",
"tsl": "卜老語",
"tsm": "土耳其手語",
"tsp": "北圖斯亞語",
"tsq": "泰國手語",
"tsr": "Akei",
"tss": "臺灣手語",
"tsu": "鄒語",
"tsv": "Tsogo",
"tsw": "Tsishingini",
"tsx": "穆巴米語",
"tsy": "Tebul Sign Language",
"tt": "韃靼語",
"tta": "圖特盧語",
"ttb": "加阿語",
"ttc": "特克提特克語",
"ttd": "Tauade",
"tte": "Bwanabwana",
"ttf": "Tuotomb",
"ttg": "都東語",
"tth": "上達渥語",
"tti": "托巴蒂語",
"ttj": "托羅語",
"ttk": "托托羅語",
"ttl": "托特拉語",
"ttm": "北塔穹語",
"ttn": "Towei",
"tto": "下達渥語",
"ttp": "東貝拉拉語",
"ttr": "特拉語",
"tts": "伊桑語",
"ttt": "塔特語",
"ttu": "Torau",
"ttv": "馬努斯語",
"ttw": "隆-瓦特語",
"tty": "西卡里泰語",
"ttz": "Tsum",
"tua": "威阿如姆斯語",
"tub": "特巴特勒巴爾語",
"tuc": "Mutu",
"tud": "都夏語",
"tue": "都尤咖語",
"tuf": "中烏瓦語",
"tug": "Tunia",
"tuh": "Taulil",
"tui": "圖普里語",
"tuj": "圖古蒂爾語",
"tul": "圖拉語",
"tum": "通布卡語",
"tun": "圖尼卡語",
"tuo": "都卡諾語",
"tup-gua-pro": "原始圖皮-瓜拉尼語",
"tup-kab": "卡比希亞納語",
"tup-kaw": "Kawahiva",
"tup-pro": "原始圖皮語",
"tuq": "特達加語",
"tus": "圖斯卡羅拉語",
"tuu": "圖圖特尼語",
"tuv": "圖爾卡納語",
"tuw-alk": "阿勒楚喀語",
"tuw-bal": "巴拉語",
"tuw-kkl": "恰喀拉語",
"tuw-kli": "奇力語",
"tuw-pro": "原始通古斯語",
"tuw-sol": "索倫語",
"tux": "Tuxináwa",
"tuy": "圖根語",
"tuz": "圖爾卡語",
"tva": "瓦瓜語",
"tvd": "楚瓦迪語",
"tve": "特翁語",
"tvk": "東南安布里姆語",
"tvl": "圖瓦盧語",
"tvm": "Tela-Masbuar",
"tvn": "土瓦語",
"tvo": "蒂多雷語",
"tvs": "塔韋塔語",
"tvt": "Tutsa Naga",
"tvu": "圖嫩語",
"tvw": "塞多阿語",
"tvx": "大武壠語",
"tvy": "帝汶皮欽語",
"twa": "特瓦納語",
"twb": "西塔烏碧語",
"twc": "Teshenawa",
"twe": "泰瓦語",
"twf": "陶斯語",
"twg": "特雷文語",
"twh": "傣端語",
"twm": "達旺門巴語",
"twn": "Twendi",
"two": "Tswapong",
"twp": "艾雷語",
"twq": "北桑海語",
"twr": "西南塔拉烏馬拉語",
"twt": "都里瓦拉語",
"twu": "特爾馬努語",
"tww": "圖瓦里語",
"twy": "塔沃延語",
"txa": "通博諾語",
"txb": "吐火羅語B",
"txc": "Tsetsaut",
"txe": "多多利語",
"txg": "西夏語",
"txh": "色雷斯語",
"txi": "伊崩語",
"txj": "Tarjumo",
"txm": "托米尼語",
"txn": "西塔蘭甘語",
"txo": "投投語",
"txq": "蒂伊語",
"txr": "Tartessian",
"txs": "通西亞語",
"txt": "Citak",
"txu": "卡亞波語",
"txx": "Tatana",
"ty": "大溪地語",
"tya": "陶亞語",
"tye": "Kyenga",
"tyh": "O'du",
"tyi": "Teke-Tsaayi",
"tyj": "傣約語",
"tyl": "土僚語",
"tyn": "Kombai",
"typ": "Kuku-Thaypan",
"tyr": "傣亮語",
"tys": "沙爬語",
"tyt": "德地傣語",
"tyu": "Kua",
"tyv": "圖瓦語",
"tyx": "泰凱-蒂耶語",
"tyz": "岱依語",
"tza": "坦桑尼亞手語",
"tzh": "策爾塔爾語",
"tzj": "楚圖希爾語",
"tzl": "塔羅薩語",
"tzm": "中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語",
"tzn": "Tugun",
"tzo": "佐齊爾語",
"tzx": "塔布里亞克語",
"uam": "瓦穆埃語",
"uan": "寬語",
"uar": "Tairuma",
"uba": "烏邦語",
"ubi": "烏比語",
"ubl": "布希農比科爾語",
"ubr": "烏比爾語",
"ubu": "考蓋爾語",
"uby": "尤比克語",
"uda": "烏達語",
"ude": "烏德蓋語",
"udg": "穆杜加語",
"udi": "烏迪語",
"udj": "烏吉爾語",
"udl": "烏爾德美語",
"udm": "烏得穆爾特語",
"udu": "烏杜克語",
"ues": "基奧哥語",
"ufi": "烏菲姆語",
"ug": "維吾爾語",
"uga": "烏加里特語",
"ugb": "Kuku-Ugbanh",
"uge": "烏格勒語",
"ugn": "烏干達手語",
"ugo": "貢語 (泰國)",
"ugy": "烏拉圭手語",
"uha": "烏哈米語",
"uhn": "達馬爾語",
"uis": "維薩伊語",
"uiv": "伊意維語",
"uji": "坦吉吉里語",
"uk": "烏克蘭語",
"uka": "卡布里語",
"ukg": "Ukuriguma",
"ukh": "烏奎約語",
"ukk": "Muak Sa-aak",
"ukl": "烏克蘭手語",
"ukp": "Ukpe-Bayobiri",
"ukq": "烏夸語",
"uks": "Kaapor Sign Language",
"uku": "Ukue",
"ukw": "Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni",
"uky": "Kuuk Yak",
"ula": "豐瓦語",
"ulb": "奧盧庫米語",
"ulc": "烏爾奇語",
"ule": "盧萊語",
"ulf": "Afra",
"uli": "烏利蒂語",
"ulk": "梅里阿姆語",
"ull": "Ullatan",
"ulm": "烏魯曼答語",
"uln": "拉包爾克里奧爾德語",
"ulu": "Uma' Lung",
"ulw": "烏爾瓦語 (尼加拉瓜)",
"uma": "烏馬蒂拉語",
"umb": "姆班杜語",
"umc": "馬魯西尼語",
"umd": "Umbindhamu",
"umg": "Umbuygamu",
"umi": "烏基特語",
"umm": "Umon",
"umn": "Makyan Naga",
"umo": "烏莫蒂納語",
"ump": "翁皮拉語",
"umr": "Umbugarla",
"ums": "本道語",
"umu": "門西語",
"una": "北瓦圖特語",
"und": "待定語言",
"une": "烏涅梅語",
"ung": "Ngarinyin",
"uni": "Uni",
"unk": "Enawené-Nawé",
"unm": "烏納米語",
"unn": "庫爾奈語",
"unr": "蒙達里語",
"unu": "Unubahe",
"unx": "Munda",
"unz": "溫德-凱利語",
"uok": "Uokha",
"uon": "龜崙語",
"upi": "烏梅達語",
"upv": "Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin",
"ur": "烏爾都語",
"ura": "烏拉里納語",
"urb": "烏魯布-卡波爾語",
"urc": "Urningangg",
"ure": "烏魯語",
"urf": "Uradhi",
"urg": "Urigina",
"urh": "烏爾霍博語",
"uri": "烏里姆語",
"urj-fin-pro": "原始芬蘭語",
"urj-koo": "古科米語",
"urj-kuk": "Kukkuzi",
"urj-kya": "亞濟瓦科米語",
"urj-mdv-pro": "原始莫爾多瓦語",
"urj-prm-pro": "原始彼爾姆語",
"urj-pro": "原始烏拉爾語",
"urj-ugr-pro": "原始烏戈爾語",
"urk": "奧朗勞特語",
"url": "烏拉利語",
"urm": "烏拉普明語",
"urn": "Uruangnirin",
"uro": "Ura (New Guinea)",
"urp": "Uru-Pa-In",
"urr": "Lehalurup",
"urt": "烏拉特語",
"uru": "烏魯米語",
"urv": "烏魯阿瓦語",
"urw": "Sop",
"urx": "烏里莫語",
"ury": "Orya",
"urz": "烏魯-埃烏-瓦烏瓦烏語",
"usa": "烏薩魯法語",
"ush": "烏修基語",
"usi": "Usui",
"usk": "Usaghade",
"usp": "Uspanteco",
"uss": "Saare",
"usu": "Uya",
"uta": "Otank",
"ute": "尤特語",
"uth": "Hun",
"utp": "阿姆巴語",
"utr": "埃圖洛語",
"utu": "烏圖語",
"uum": "烏魯姆語",
"uur": "Ura (Vanuatu)",
"uuu": "烏語",
"uve": "西烏韋阿語",
"uvh": "Uri",
"uvl": "盧特語",
"uwa": "Kuku-Uwanh",
"uya": "Doko-Uyanga",
"uz": "烏茲別克語",
"vaa": "瓦加里博里語",
"vae": "Vale",
"vag": "Vagla",
"vah": "瓦爾哈迪語",
"vai": "瓦伊語",
"vaj": "Sekele",
"val": "Vehes",
"vam": "瓦尼莫語",
"van": "瓦爾曼語",
"vao": "Vao",
"vap": "Vaiphei",
"var": "Huarijio",
"vas": "瓦薩維語",
"vau": "Vanuma",
"vav": "瓦爾里語",
"vay": "Vayu",
"vbb": "東南巴巴爾語",
"vbk": "西南邦托克語",
"ve": "文達語",
"vec": "威尼斯語",
"ved": "維達語",
"vem": "Vemgo-Mabas",
"veo": "文圖雷諾語",
"vep": "維普斯語",
"ver": "Mom Jango",
"vgr": "瓦戈里語",
"vgt": "佛蘭德手語",
"vi": "越南語",
"vic": "美屬維爾京群島克里奧爾語",
"vid": "Vidunda",
"vif": "維利語",
"vig": "Viemo",
"vil": "維萊拉語",
"vis": "Vishavan",
"vit": "維蒂語",
"viv": "伊杜納語",
"vjk": "Bajjika",
"vka": "卡里亞拉語",
"vki": "Ija-Zuba",
"vkj": "Kujarge",
"vkk": "Kaur",
"vkl": "古利蘇蘇語",
"vkm": "卡馬坎語",
"vko": "岡德哈語",
"vkp": "科爾萊克里奧爾葡萄牙語",
"vkt": "Tenggarong Kutai Malay",
"vku": "庫拉馬語",
"vlp": "發貝語",
"vls": "西佛蘭德語",
"vma": "馬圖蘇利那語",
"vmb": "姆巴巴拉姆語",
"vmc": "尤克斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語",
"vmd": "Mudu Koraga",
"vme": "東馬塞拉語",
"vmf": "東法蘭克尼亞語",
"vmg": "Minigir",
"vmh": "馬拉格伊語",
"vmi": "米瓦語",
"vmj": "伊斯塔尤特拉米斯特克語",
"vmk": "Makhuwa-Shirima",
"vml": "馬爾加納語",
"vmm": "米特拉通戈米斯特克語",
"vmp": "索亞爾特佩克馬薩特克語",
"vmq": "索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語",
"vmr": "Marenje",
"vmu": "穆盧利吉語",
"vmv": "河谷邁杜語",
"vmw": "馬庫瓦語",
"vmx": "塔馬索拉米斯特克語",
"vmy": "阿亞烏特拉馬薩特克語",
"vmz": "馬薩特蘭馬薩特克語",
"vnk": "洛沃諾語",
"vnm": "Neve'ei",
"vnp": "伏納普語",
"vo": "沃拉普克語",
"vor": "沃羅語",
"vot": "沃特語",
"vra": "韋拉阿語",
"vro": "佛羅語",
"vrs": "瓦里西語",
"vrt": "Banam Bay",
"vsi": "摩爾多瓦手語",
"vsl": "委內瑞拉手語",
"vsv": "瓦倫西亞手語",
"vto": "Vitou",
"vum": "文布語",
"vun": "溫舊語",
"vut": "武特語",
"vwa": "阿佤語",
"wa": "瓦隆語",
"waa": "瓦拉瓦拉語",
"wab": "瓦布語",
"wac": "瓦斯科-威什拉姆語",
"wad": "瓦梅薩語",
"waf": "瓦科納語",
"wag": "瓦埃馬語",
"wah": "瓦圖貝拉語",
"waj": "瓦法語",
"wal": "沃萊塔語",
"wam": "麻薩諸塞語",
"wan": "瓦語",
"wao": "瓦波語",
"wap": "瓦比夏那語",
"waq": "瓦吉曼語",
"war": "瓦瑞瓦瑞語",
"was": "瓦修語",
"wat": "卡尼努瓦語",
"wau": "沃雅語",
"wav": "瓦卡語",
"waw": "瓦伊瓦伊語",
"wax": "Watam",
"way": "瓦亞那語",
"waz": "萬普爾語",
"wba": "瓦勞語",
"wbb": "Wabo",
"wbe": "瓦里泰語",
"wbf": "瓦拉語",
"wbh": "萬達語",
"wbi": "弗萬吉語",
"wbj": "阿拉格瓦語",
"wbk": "維加里語",
"wbl": "瓦罕語",
"wbm": "佤語",
"wbp": "瓦爾皮瑞語",
"wbq": "瓦達爾語",
"wbr": "瓦格迪語",
"wbt": "萬曼語",
"wbv": "瓦賈里語",
"wbw": "沃伊語",
"wca": "亞諾馬姆語",
"wci": "Waci Gbe",
"wdd": "Wandji",
"wdg": "瓦達吉納姆語",
"wdj": "瓦吉吉尼語",
"wdt": "懷安多特語",
"wdu": "瓦吉古語",
"wdy": "瓦賈班蓋語",
"wea": "Wewaw",
"wec": "Wè Western",
"wed": "維道語",
"weh": "韋赫語",
"wei": "基烏努姆語",
"wem": "韋梅格貝語",
"weo": "韋馬萊語",
"wer": "韋里語",
"wes": "喀麥隆皮欽語",
"wet": "佩萊語",
"weu": "衛朗語",
"wew": "韋耶瓦語",
"wfg": "亞菲語",
"wga": "瓦加亞語",
"wgb": "瓦加瓦加語",
"wgg": "旺甘古魯語",
"wgi": "瓦赫吉語",
"wgo": "衛吉語",
"wgu": "維蘭古語",
"wgy": "瓦爾加馬伊語",
"wha": "馬努塞拉語",
"whg": "北瓦赫吉語",
"whk": "瓦豪河-克尼亞語",
"whu": "瓦豪加央語",
"wib": "南圖斯亞語",
"wic": "威奇塔語",
"wie": "維克-埃帕語",
"wif": "Wik-Keyangan",
"wig": "維克-雅塔納語",
"wih": "維克-梅安哈語",
"wii": "威阿齊語",
"wij": "Wik-Iiyanh",
"wik": "維卡爾坎語",
"wil": "維拉維拉語",
"wim": "維克-蒙坎語",
"win": "溫尼貝戈語",
"wir": "Wiraféd",
"wiu": "維魯語",
"wiv": "維圖語",
"wiy": "維約特語",
"wja": "瓦賈語",
"wji": "瓦爾吉語",
"wka": "夸扎語",
"wkb": "庫巴蘭語",
"wkd": "莫語",
"wkl": "Kalanadi",
"wku": "Kunduvadi",
"wkw": "瓦卡瓦卡語",
"wky": "旺卡尤迪烏魯語",
"wla": "瓦利奧語",
"wlc": "莫愛利科摩羅語",
"wle": "沃拉尼語",
"wlg": "昆巴朗語",
"wli": "瓦約利語",
"wlk": "韋拉基語",
"wll": "瓦利語 (蘇丹)",
"wlm": "中古威爾士語",
"wlo": "窩里沃語",
"wlr": "委拉帕語",
"wls": "瓦利斯語",
"wlu": "伍利伍利語",
"wlv": "維奇拉姆特斯韋霍斯語",
"wlw": "瓦拉克語",
"wlx": "瓦利語",
"wly": "沃林格語",
"wmb": "萬巴亞語",
"wmc": "Wamas",
"wmd": "Mamaindé",
"wme": "Wambule",
"wmh": "Waima'a",
"wmi": "瓦明語",
"wmm": "麥瓦語 (印尼)",
"wmn": "瓦芒語",
"wmo": "Wam",
"wms": "萬邦語",
"wmt": "瓦爾馬賈里語",
"wmw": "姆瓦尼語",
"wmx": "Womo",
"wnb": "瓦南布勒語",
"wnc": "萬托阿特語",
"wnd": "萬達朗語",
"wne": "瓦內茨語",
"wng": "旺戈姆語",
"wni": "昂儒昂科摩羅語",
"wnk": "瓦努卡卡語",
"wnm": "旺加馬拉語",
"wno": "瓦諾語",
"wnp": "瓦那普語",
"wnu": "烏善語",
"wnw": "Wintu",
"wny": "萬尼語",
"wo": "沃洛夫語",
"woa": "Tyaraity",
"wob": "Wè Northern",
"woc": "Wogeo",
"wod": "Wolani",
"woe": "沃雷埃語",
"wog": "Wogamusin",
"woi": "卡芒語",
"wok": "龍托語",
"wom": "Perema",
"won": "溫戈語",
"woo": "瑪儂拜語",
"wor": "Woria",
"wos": "克瓦森根語",
"wow": "沃沃尼語",
"woy": "韋托語",
"wpc": "威羅語",
"wra": "瓦拉普語",
"wrb": "瓦魯瓦拉語",
"wrg": "瓦龍古語",
"wrh": "威拉祖利語",
"wri": "瓦里揚加語",
"wrk": "加拉瓦語",
"wrl": "瓦爾曼帕語",
"wrm": "瓦魯孟古語",
"wrn": "韋尼語",
"wro": "沃羅拉語",
"wrp": "瓦羅彭語",
"wrr": "瓦爾達曼語",
"wrs": "瓦里斯語",
"wru": "瓦魯語",
"wrv": "瓦魯納語",
"wrw": "古古瓦拉語",
"wrx": "瓦埃拉納語",
"wrz": "沃雷語",
"wsa": "瓦倫博里語",
"wsi": "瓦思語",
"wsk": "瓦斯基亞語",
"wsr": "奧維納語",
"wsu": "瓦蘇語",
"wsv": "沃塔普里-卡塔卡萊語",
"wtf": "瓦蒂瓦語",
"wth": "瓦陶隆語",
"wti": "Berta",
"wtk": "Watakataui",
"wtm": "梅瓦蒂語",
"wtw": "沃度語",
"wua": "維克恩根切拉語",
"wub": "烏南巴爾語",
"wud": "伍杜語",
"wuh": "五屯話",
"wul": "西里莫語",
"wum": "文布武語",
"wun": "本古語",
"wur": "Wurrugu",
"wut": "伍通語",
"wuu": "吳語",
"wuv": "伍武盧-阿瓦語",
"wux": "伍勒納語",
"wuy": "沃亞伊語",
"wwa": "瓦瑪語",
"wwo": "多里格語",
"wwr": "瓦爾瓦語",
"www": "瓦瓦語",
"wxa": "瓦鄉話",
"wxw": "瓦爾丹迪語",
"wya": "懷安多特語",
"wyb": "恩吉亞姆巴語",
"wyi": "沃伊伍龍語",
"wym": "維拉莫維安語",
"wyr": "阿朱魯語",
"wyy": "西斐濟語",
"xaa": "安達盧斯阿拉伯語",
"xab": "桑貝語",
"xac": "卡恰爾語",
"xad": "阿岱語",
"xae": "埃桂語",
"xag": "高加索阿爾巴尼亞語",
"xai": "卡因貝語",
"xaj": "Ararandewára",
"xak": "馬庫語",
"xal": "卡爾梅克衛拉特語",
"xam": "卡姆語",
"xan": "Xamtanga",
"xao": "考語",
"xap": "阿帕拉契語",
"xar": "卡拉米語",
"xas": "卡馬斯語",
"xat": "卡塔威希語",
"xau": "考韋拉語",
"xav": "夏凡提語",
"xaw": "卡瓦伊蘇語",
"xay": "瑪哈坎加央語",
"xbb": "Lower Burdekin",
"xbc": "巴克特里亞語",
"xbd": "賓達爾語",
"xbe": "比加姆巴爾語",
"xbg": "本甘迪茲語",
"xbi": "孔比奧語",
"xbj": "Birrpayi",
"xbm": "中古布列塔尼語",
"xbn": "克那博依語",
"xbo": "保加爾語",
"xbp": "比布爾曼語",
"xbr": "坎貝拉語",
"xbw": "岡比瓦語",
"xby": "Butchulla",
"xcb": "坎伯蘭語",
"xcc": "卡莫尼語",
"xce": "凱爾特伊比利亞語",
"xch": "Chemakum",
"xcl": "古典亞美尼亞語",
"xcm": "Comecrudo",
"xcn": "Cotoname",
"xco": "花剌子模語",
"xcr": "卡里亞語",
"xct": "古典藏語",
"xcu": "庫爾蘭語",
"xcv": "楚凡語",
"xcw": "Coahuilteco",
"xcy": "Cayuse",
"xda": "達金容語",
"xdc": "達契亞語",
"xdk": "達拉格語",
"xdm": "以東語",
"xdq": "凱塔格語",
"xdy": "馬來達雅語",
"xeb": "埃勃拉語",
"xed": "赫迪語",
"xeg": "ǁXegwi",
"xel": "科洛語",
"xem": "甘巴炎語",
"xep": "Epi-Olmec",
"xer": "謝凡提語",
"xes": "Kesawai",
"xet": "謝達語",
"xeu": "克烏魯語",
"xfa": "法利斯克語",
"xga": "加拉提亞語",
"xgb": "Gbin",
"xgd": "古當語",
"xgf": "通瓦語",
"xgg": "戈倫語",
"xgi": "加林巴爾語",
"xgl": "加林迪亞語",
"xgm": "達龍巴爾語",
"xgn-pro": "原始蒙古語",
"xgr": "Garza",
"xgu": "Unggumi",
"xgw": "古瓦語",
"xh": "科薩語",
"xha": "Harami",
"xhc": "匈人語",
"xhd": "哈德拉毛語",
"xhe": "克特拉尼語",
"xhm": "中古高棉語",
"xhr": "赫爾尼基語",
"xht": "哈梯語",
"xhu": "胡里安語",
"xhv": "庫瓦語",
"xib": "伊比利亞語",
"xii": "Xiri",
"xil": "伊利里亞語",
"xin": "Xinca",
"xir": "希里阿納語",
"xis": "基桑語",
"xiv": "印度河流域語",
"xiy": "Xipaya",
"xjb": "明瓊巴爾語",
"xka": "卡爾科提語",
"xkb": "Manigri-Kambolé Ede Nago",
"xkc": "科伊因語",
"xkd": "曼達蘭加央語",
"xke": "克列赫語",
"xkf": "肯卡語",
"xkg": "Kagoro",
"xki": "肯尼亞手語",
"xkj": "卡賈里語",
"xkk": "卡喬語",
"xkl": "巴庫語",
"xkn": "河畔加央語",
"xko": "焦爾語",
"xkp": "卡巴特伊語",
"xkq": "果羅尼語",
"xkr": "夏克里亞巴語",
"xks": "昆貝瓦哈語",
"xkt": "坎托斯語",
"xku": "卡安巴語",
"xkv": "加拉加迪語",
"xkw": "肯姆布拉語",
"xkx": "卡羅雷語",
"xky": "Uma' Lasan",
"xkz": "庫爾托普語",
"xla": "卡穆拉語",
"xlb": "Loup B",
"xlc": "呂基亞語",
"xld": "呂底亞語",
"xle": "利姆尼亞語",
"xlg": "古利古里亞語",
"xli": "利伯尼亞語",
"xln": "阿蘭語",
"xlo": "Loup A",
"xlp": "南阿爾卑斯高盧語",
"xls": "盧西坦尼亞語",
"xlu": "盧維語",
"xly": "伊利米語",
"xmb": "恩班加語",
"xmc": "Makhuwa-Marrevone",
"xmd": "姆布杜姆語",
"xme-ker": "克爾曼語",
"xme-kls": "Kalasuri",
"xme-klt": "Kilit",
"xme-mid": "中古米底語",
"xme-old": "上古米底語",
"xme-ott": "古塔蒂語",
"xme-taf": "塔弗雷希語",
"xme-ttc-pro": "原始塔蒂語",
"xmf": "明格列爾語",
"xmg": "蒙加卡語",
"xmh": "庫庫-穆敏赫語",
"xmj": "馬傑拉語",
"xmk": "古馬其頓語",
"xml": "馬來西亞手語",
"xmm": "萬鴉老馬來語",
"xmo": "莫雷雷比語",
"xmp": "庫庫-穆因語",
"xmq": "庫庫-芒克語",
"xmr": "麥羅埃語",
"xms": "摩洛哥手語",
"xmt": "馬特巴特語",
"xmu": "卡穆語",
"xmx": "Maden",
"xmy": "馬雅古杜納語",
"xmz": "摩利巴華語",
"xna": "古北阿拉伯語",
"xnb": "卡那卡那富語",
"xnd-pro": "原始納-德內語",
"xng": "中古蒙古語",
"xnh": "寬話",
"xni": "恩加里古語",
"xnk": "恩加納卡爾蒂語",
"xnr": "康格里語",
"xns": "卡納西語",
"xnt": "納拉甘塞特語",
"xnu": "努庫努爾語",
"xny": "尼亞帕里語",
"xoc": "O'chi'chi'",
"xod": "科科達語",
"xog": "索加語",
"xoi": "Kominimung",
"xok": "秀克朗語",
"xom": "夸瑪語",
"xon": "康孔姆巴語",
"xoo": "許庫魯斯語",
"xop": "科帕爾語",
"xor": "科魯博語",
"xow": "科瓦基語",
"xpa": "皮里亞語",
"xpb": "Pyemmairre",
"xpc": "佩切涅格語",
"xpd": "Paredarerme",
"xpe": "利比里亞克佩列語",
"xpf": "東南塔斯馬尼亞語",
"xpg": "弗里吉亞語",
"xph": "Tyerrernotepanner",
"xpi": "皮克特語",
"xpj": "姆帕利詹語",
"xpk": "庫利納語",
"xpl": "索雷爾港語",
"xpm": "旁普科爾語",
"xpn": "岡比那瓦語",
"xpo": "波丘特克語",
"xpp": "Puyo-Paekche",
"xpq": "莫西干-佩科特語",
"xpr": "安息語",
"xps": "皮西迪亞語",
"xpu": "布匿語",
"xpv": "Tommeginne",
"xpw": "Peerapper",
"xpx": "Toogee",
"xpy": "扶餘語",
"xpz": "Bruny Island",
"xqa": "喀喇汗語",
"xqt": "Qatabanian",
"xra": "克拉沃語",
"xrb": "Eastern Karaboro",
"xrd": "Gundungurra",
"xre": "克雷耶語",
"xrg": "米南語",
"xri": "Krikati-Timbira",
"xrm": "Armazic",
"xrn": "阿林語",
"xrq": "卡蘭加語",
"xrr": "雷蒂亞語",
"xrt": "Aranama-Tamique",
"xru": "馬利亞穆語",
"xrw": "卡拉瓦語",
"xsa": "賽伯伊語",
"xsb": "三描語",
"xsc-pro": "原始斯基泰語",
"xsc-sak-pro": "原始塞語",
"xsc-sar-pro": "原始薩馬提亞語",
"xsc-skw-pro": "原始塞-瓦罕語",
"xsd": "西代語",
"xse": "Sempan",
"xsh": "Shamang",
"xsi": "西奧語",
"xsj": "Subi",
"xsl": "南斯拉維語",
"xsm": "格森語",
"xsn": "桑加語 (奈及利亞)",
"xso": "索拉諾語",
"xsp": "Silopi",
"xsq": "Makhuwa-Saka",
"xsr": "夏爾巴語",
"xss": "阿桑語",
"xsu": "薩努馬語",
"xsv": "蘇多維亞語",
"xsy": "賽夏語",
"xta": "阿爾科紹卡米斯特克語",
"xtb": "查蘇姆巴米斯特克語",
"xtc": "卡杜格利語",
"xtd": "迪烏斯-蒂蘭通戈米斯特克語",
"xte": "克騰班語",
"xth": "Yitha Yitha",
"xti": "西尼卡瓦米斯特克語",
"xtj": "聖胡安泰塔米斯特克語",
"xtl": "蒂哈爾特佩克米斯特克語",
"xtm": "馬格達萊納佩尼亞斯科米斯特克語",
"xtn": "北特拉夏科米斯特克語",
"xto": "吐火羅語A",
"xtp": "聖米格爾彼德拉斯-米斯特克語",
"xtq": "圖木舒克語",
"xtr": "早期特里普里語",
"xts": "辛迪維米斯特克語",
"xtt": "塔卡瓦米斯特克語",
"xtu": "庫亞梅卡爾科米斯特克語",
"xtv": "Thawa",
"xtw": "Tawandê",
"xty": "約洛索奇特爾米斯特克語",
"xua": "阿盧庫魯姆巴語",
"xub": "貝塔庫魯姆巴語",
"xud": "Umiida",
"xug": "國頭語",
"xuj": "傑努庫魯姆巴語",
"xul": "Ngunawal",
"xum": "翁布里亞語",
"xun": "Unggaranggu",
"xuo": "庫歐語",
"xup": "Upper Umpqua",
"xur": "烏拉爾圖語",
"xut": "庫坦特語",
"xuu": "Khwe",
"xve": "威尼托語",
"xvn": "汪達爾語",
"xvo": "沃爾西語",
"xvs": "維斯提奈語",
"xwa": "瓜薩語",
"xwc": "沃孔語",
"xwd": "瓦迪瓦迪語",
"xwe": "Xwela Gbe",
"xwg": "奎固語",
"xwj": "瓦朱克語",
"xwk": "Wangkumara",
"xwl": "Western Xwla Gbe",
"xwo": "書面衛拉特語",
"xwr": "Kwerba Mamberamo",
"xww": "溫巴溫巴語",
"xxb": "博羅語",
"xxk": "克奧語",
"xxm": "Minkin",
"xxr": "Koropó",
"xxt": "坦博拉語",
"xya": "雅伊吉爾語",
"xyb": "揚吉巴拉語",
"xyl": "Yalakalore",
"xyt": "馬伊-他庫爾蒂語",
"xyy": "約爾塔約爾塔語",
"xzh": "象雄語",
"xzm": "Zemgalian",
"xzp": "古薩波特克語",
"yaa": "亞米納瓦語",
"yab": "尤胡普語",
"yac": "帕斯谷亞利語",
"yad": "亞古阿語",
"yae": "Pumé",
"yaf": "亞卡語",
"yag": "雅加語",
"yah": "雅茲古拉米語",
"yai": "雅格諾比語",
"yaj": "班達-揚蓋雷語",
"yak": "亞基馬語",
"yal": "亞倫卡語",
"yam": "亞姆巴語",
"yan": "馬揚納語",
"yao": "堯語",
"yap": "雅浦語",
"yaq": "亞基語",
"yar": "亞巴拉納語",
"yas": "古努語",
"yat": "揚貝塔語",
"yau": "Yuwana",
"yav": "洋卞語",
"yaw": "亞瓦拉比其語",
"yay": "Agwagwune",
"yaz": "洛卡語",
"yba": "亞拉語",
"ybb": "耶姆巴語",
"ybe": "西部裕固語",
"ybh": "雅卡語",
"ybi": "Yamphu",
"ybj": "Hasha",
"ybk": "黑木吉語",
"ybl": "Yukuben",
"ybm": "Yaben",
"ybn": "Yabaâna",
"ybo": "Yabong",
"ybx": "Yawiyo",
"yby": "Yaweyuha",
"ych": "車蘇語",
"ycl": "倮倮潑語",
"ycn": "尤庫納語",
"ycp": "切皮亞語",
"ycr": "寒溪語",
"yda": "揚達語",
"yde": "Yangum Dey",
"ydg": "伊特格哈語",
"ydk": "約依迪克語",
"yea": "拉武拉語",
"yec": "葉尼什語",
"yee": "伊馬斯語",
"yei": "耶尼語",
"yej": "猶太-希臘語",
"yen": "延當語",
"yer": "塔羅克語",
"yes": "耶斯夸語",
"yet": "耶特法語",
"yeu": "耶魯庫拉語",
"yev": "雅朋達語",
"yey": "耶伊語",
"ygi": "伊寧蓋語",
"ygl": "Yangum Gel",
"ygm": "亞戈米語",
"ygp": "峨頗語",
"ygr": "亞加里阿語",
"ygs": "雍古手語",
"ygu": "尤古爾語",
"ygw": "Yagwoia",
"yha": "巴哈語",
"yhl": "圪勒頗普佤語",
"yi": "意第緒語",
"yia": "英加爾達語",
"yif": "阿車語",
"yig": "烏撒納蘇語",
"yii": "依蒂尼語",
"yij": "因吉班迪語",
"yik": "東山壩臘羅語",
"yil": "Yindjilandji",
"yim": "Yimchungru Naga",
"yin": "Yinchia",
"yip": "仆拉語",
"yiq": "密察語",
"yir": "北奧尤語",
"yis": "乙斯語",
"yit": "東臘魯語",
"yiu": "阿鄔語",
"yiv": "北尼蘇語",
"yix": "阿細語",
"yiy": "伊爾-約龍特語",
"yiz": "阿哲語",
"yka": "亞坎語",
"ykg": "北尤卡吉爾語",
"ykh": "哈米尼干語",
"yki": "約凱語",
"ykk": "Yakaikeke",
"ykl": "科魯拉語",
"ykm": "卡普語",
"ykn": "跨恩斯話",
"yko": "亞薩語",
"ykr": "耶科拉語",
"ykt": "嘎蘇話",
"yku": "跨瑪斯話",
"yky": "亞科馬語",
"yla": "烏爾瓦語 (新幾內亞)",
"ylb": "亞萊巴語",
"yle": "耶里多涅語",
"ylg": "耶洛古語",
"yli": "昂古魯克亞利語",
"yll": "乙爾語",
"ylm": "留米語",
"yln": "郎念布央語",
"ylo": "納若語",
"ylr": "亞蘭加語",
"ylu": "Aribwaung",
"yly": "Nyâlayu",
"ymb": "Yambes",
"ymc": "南木吉語",
"ymd": "木達語",
"yme": "Yameo",
"ymg": "Yamongeri",
"ymh": "米利語",
"ymi": "墨幾語",
"ymk": "Makwe",
"yml": "Iamalele",
"ymm": "馬艾語",
"ymn": "蘇努姆語",
"ymo": "Yangum Mon",
"ymp": "Yamap",
"ymq": "期臘木吉語",
"ymr": "馬拉薩爾語",
"yms": "密細亞語",
"ymx": "北木吉語",
"ymz": "木支語",
"yna": "阿羅語",
"ynb": "Yamben",
"ynd": "揚德魯萬塔語",
"yne": "崀峨語",
"yng": "Yango",
"ynk": "瑙坎語",
"ynl": "Yangulam",
"ynn": "亞納語",
"yno": "傣允語",
"yns": "Yansi",
"ynu": "Yahuna",
"yo": "約魯巴語",
"yob": "約巴語",
"yog": "尤加德語",
"yoi": "與那國語",
"yok-bvy": "比尤那維斯塔約庫特語",
"yok-dly": "德爾塔約庫特語",
"yok-gsy": "加肖伍語",
"yok-kry": "國王河約庫特語",
"yok-nvy": "北山谷約庫特語",
"yok-ply": "Palewyami",
"yok-svy": "南山谷約庫特語",
"yok-tky": "圖爾-卡威亞約庫特語",
"yol": "約拉語",
"yom": "榮貝語",
"yon": "Yongkom",
"yox": "與論語",
"yoy": "堯依語",
"ypa": "帕拉語",
"ypb": "拉波普佤語",
"ypg": "普拉語",
"yph": "富帕語",
"ypk-pro": "原始尤皮克語",
"ypm": "富馬語",
"ypn": "阿尼普佤語",
"ypo": "阿洛普拉語",
"ypp": "富巴語",
"ypz": "富匝語",
"yra": "雅雷凱語",
"yrb": "雅雷巴語",
"yre": "雅烏爾語",
"yri": "亞里語",
"yrk-for": "森林涅涅茨語",
"yrk-tun": "凍原涅涅茨語",
"yrl": "奈恩加圖語",
"yrn": "耶容語",
"yro": "Yaroamë",
"yrw": "Yarawata",
"yry": "雅爾魯延迪語",
"ysc": "雅西克語",
"ysd": "撒慕語",
"ysg": "鎖內嘎話",
"ysl": "南斯拉夫手語",
"ysn": "撒尼語",
"yso": "尼斯語",
"ysp": "南倮倮潑語",
"ysr": "西萊尼克語",
"yss": "Yessan-Mayo",
"ysy": "撒涅語",
"yta": "他留語",
"ytl": "堂郎語",
"ytp": "脫潑語",
"ytw": "Yout Wam",
"yty": "亞泰語",
"yua": "尤卡坦瑪雅語",
"yub": "尤甘巴爾語",
"yuc": "尤奇語",
"yue": "粵語",
"yuf": "Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai",
"yug": "尤格語",
"yui": "Yurutí",
"yuj": "卡爾卡爾-尤里語",
"yuk": "尤基語",
"yul": "尤盧語",
"yum": "尤馬語",
"yun": "貝納語",
"yup": "尤克帕語",
"yuq": "尤奇語",
"yur": "尤羅克語",
"yut": "尤普納語",
"yuw": "Finisterre Yau",
"yux": "南尤卡吉爾語",
"yuy": "東部裕固語",
"yuz": "尤拉卡雷語",
"yva": "雅瓦語",
"yvt": "Yavitero",
"ywa": "卡勞語",
"ywg": "因哈旺卡語",
"ywl": "西臘魯語",
"ywn": "雅瓦那瓦語",
"ywq": "納蘇語",
"ywr": "雅烏魯語",
"ywt": "中臘羅語",
"ywu": "烏蒙語",
"yww": "Yawarawarga",
"yxa": "馬亞瓦利語",
"yxg": "亞加拉語",
"yxl": "亞爾利語",
"yxm": "因溫語",
"yxu": "尤尤語",
"yxy": "亞布拉亞布拉語",
"yyu": "托里切利堯語",
"yyz": "阿彝子語",
"yzg": "峨馬布央語",
"yzk": "綽闊語",
"za": "壯語",
"zaa": "胡亞雷斯山薩波特克語",
"zab": "聖胡安格拉維亞薩波特克語",
"zac": "奧科特蘭薩波特克語",
"zad": "卡霍諾斯薩波特克語",
"zae": "亞雷尼薩波特克語",
"zaf": "阿約克斯科薩波特克語",
"zag": "札加瓦語",
"zah": "藏瓦爾語",
"zai": "地峽薩波特克語",
"zaj": "扎拉莫語",
"zak": "扎納基語",
"zal": "柔若語",
"zam": "米亞瓦特蘭薩波特克語",
"zao": "奧索洛特佩克薩波特克語",
"zap": "薩波特克語",
"zaq": "阿洛阿帕姆薩波特克語",
"zar": "林松薩波特克語",
"zas": "聖多明各阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語",
"zat": "塔巴薩波特克語",
"zau": "藏斯卡語",
"zav": "亞查奇薩波特克語",
"zaw": "米特拉薩波特克語",
"zax": "薩達尼薩波特克語",
"zay": "Zayse-Zergulla",
"zaz": "扎里語",
"zbt": "巴圖伊語",
"zca": "科亞特卡斯阿特拉斯薩波特克語",
"zdj": "大科摩羅語",
"zea": "澤蘭語",
"zeg": "澤納格語",
"zen": "澤納加語",
"zga": "金加語",
"zgh": "標準摩洛哥柏柏爾語",
"zgr": "馬戈里語",
"zh": "漢語",
"zhb": "扎壩語",
"zhi": "Zhire",
"zhn": "儂壯語",
"zhw": "Zhoa",
"zhx-min-pro": "原始閩語",
"zhx-sht": "韶州土話",
"zhx-sic": "四川話",
"zhx-tai": "台山話",
"zia": "齊阿語",
"zib": "津巴布韋手語",
"zik": "齊馬卡尼語",
"zil": "齊阿洛語",
"zim": "梅斯梅語",
"zin": "津扎語",
"zir": "齊里亞語",
"ziw": "齊古拉語",
"ziz": "齊齊利瓦坎語",
"zka": "坎布拉瓦語",
"zkb": "科伊巴爾語",
"zkd": "卡杜語",
"zkg": "高句麗語",
"zkh": "花剌子模突厥語",
"zkk": "卡蘭卡瓦語",
"zko": "科特語",
"zkp": "聖保羅坎剛語",
"zkr": "扎話",
"zkt": "契丹語",
"zku": "考爾納語",
"zkv": "克雷溫語",
"zkz": "可薩語",
"zle-ono": "古諾夫哥羅德語",
"zle-ort": "古盧森尼亞語",
"zls-chs": "教會斯拉夫語",
"zlw-ocs": "古捷克語",
"zlw-opl": "古波蘭語",
"zlw-osk": "古斯洛伐克語",
"zlw-slv": "斯洛溫語",
"zma": "曼達語 (澳洲)",
"zmb": "津巴語",
"zmc": "馬爾加尼語",
"zmd": "馬里丹語",
"zme": "曼格爾語",
"zmf": "姆菲努語",
"zmg": "Marti Ke",
"zmh": "馬科爾科爾語",
"zmi": "森美蘭馬來語",
"zmj": "馬里提亞賓語",
"zmk": "曼丹達尼語",
"zml": "馬德恩蓋萊語",
"zmm": "馬里馬寧迪語",
"zmn": "姆邦韋語",
"zmo": "莫洛語",
"zmp": "姆布溫語",
"zmq": "Mituku",
"zmr": "馬拉農庫語",
"zms": "姆貝薩語",
"zmt": "馬林加爾語",
"zmu": "穆魯瓦里語",
"zmv": "姆巴里曼-古丁馬語",
"zmw": "Mbo (Congo)",
"zmx": "博米塔巴語",
"zmy": "馬里耶迪語",
"zmz": "Mbandja",
"zna": "Zan Gula",
"zne": "贊德語",
"zng": "莽語",
"znk": "馬南卡利語",
"zns": "曼加斯語",
"zoc": "克派納拉索克語",
"zoh": "奇馬拉帕索克語",
"zom": "卓米語",
"zoo": "亞松森-米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
"zoq": "塔巴斯科索克語",
"zor": "拉永索克語",
"zos": "弗朗西斯科里昂索克語",
"zpa": "拉奇吉里薩波特克語",
"zpb": "亞烏特佩克薩波特克語",
"zpc": "喬亞潘薩波特克語",
"zpd": "東南伊斯特蘭薩波特克語",
"zpe": "佩塔帕薩波特克語",
"zpf": "聖佩德羅基亞托尼薩波特克語",
"zpg": "格韋亞德洪堡薩波特克語",
"zph": "托托馬查潘薩波特克語",
"zpi": "聖瑪利亞基耶戈拉尼薩波特克語",
"zpj": "基亞維庫薩斯薩波特克語",
"zpk": "特拉科盧利塔薩波特克語",
"zpl": "拉奇西奧薩波特克語",
"zpm": "米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
"zpn": "聖伊內斯亞切奇薩波特克語",
"zpo": "阿馬特蘭薩波特克語",
"zpp": "阿爾托薩波特克語",
"zpq": "蘇戈喬薩波特克語",
"zpr": "聖地亞哥薩尼卡薩波特克語",
"zps": "科亞特蘭薩波特克語",
"zpt": "聖比森特科亞特蘭薩波特克語",
"zpu": "亞拉拉格薩波特克語",
"zpv": "奇奇卡潘薩波特克語",
"zpw": "薩尼薩薩波特克語",
"zpx": "聖巴爾塔扎洛希查薩波特克語",
"zpy": "馬薩爾特佩克薩波特克語",
"zpz": "特斯梅盧坎薩波特克語",
"zra": "伽耶語",
"zrg": "米爾甘語",
"zrn": "濟連科爾語",
"zro": "扎巴拉語",
"zrs": "Mairasi",
"zsa": "薩拉西拉語",
"zsk": "Kaskean",
"zsl": "贊比亞手語",
"zsr": "南林松薩波特克語",
"zsu": "蘇庫魯姆語",
"zte": "埃洛特佩克薩波特克語",
"ztg": "薩那吉亞薩波特克語",
"ztl": "聖地亞哥拉帕吉亞薩波特克語",
"ztm": "聖阿古斯丁米斯特佩克薩波特克語",
"ztn": "聖卡塔里納阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語",
"ztp": "洛希查薩波特克語",
"ztq": "基奧基塔尼-基耶里薩波特克語",
"zts": "蒂爾基亞潘薩波特克語",
"ztt": "特哈拉潘薩波特克語",
"ztu": "古伊拉薩波特克語",
"ztx": "薩奇拉薩波特克語",
"zty": "亞蒂薩波特克語",
"zu": "祖魯語",
"zua": "Zeem",
"zuh": "Tokano",
"zum": "孔扎里語",
"zun": "祖尼語",
"zuy": "Zumaya",
"zwa": "扎伊語",
"zyp": "Zyphe",
"zza": "扎扎其語",
"zzj": "左江壯語"
}
gvs50l8eg2x0jq71d1t5uxnuyrdlkv7
Module:Languages/canonical names.json
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2026-09-30T16:03:54Z
TongcyBot
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自動更新語言模組
9934922
json
application/json
{
"Abishira": "ash",
"Adiwasi Garasia": "gas",
"Aduge": "adu",
"Adûni": "art-adu",
"Afra": "ulf",
"Aghu Tharrnggala": "gtu",
"Aguna": "aug",
"Agwagwune": "yay",
"Ahwai": "nfd",
"Aiklep": "mwg",
"Aiome": "aki",
"Ajyíninka Apurucayali": "cpc",
"Ak": "akq",
"Aka (Sudan)": "soh",
"Akebu": "keu",
"Akei": "tsr",
"Akrukay": "afi",
"Akuku": "ayk",
"Akurio": "ako",
"Akyaung Ari": "nqy",
"Alapmunte": "apv",
"Algerian Jewish Sign Language": "ajs",
"Allentiac": "sai-all",
"Amasi": "alv-ama",
"Amba": "rwm",
"Ambul": "apo",
"Amganad Ifugao": "ifa",
"Amri Karbi": "ajz",
"Anam": "pda",
"Anasi": "bpo",
"Anauyá": "awd-ana",
"Andai": "afd",
"Andajin": "ajn",
"Andjingith": "aus-and",
"Andoquero": "sai-and",
"Anfillo": "myo",
"Angaité": "aqt",
"Anii": "blo",
"Anong": "nun",
"Anor": "anj",
"Aore": "aor",
"Aranama-Tamique": "xrt",
"Arandai": "jbj",
"Ararandewára": "xaj",
"Arawum": "awm",
"Arhâ": "aqr",
"Aribwatsa": "laz",
"Aribwaung": "ylu",
"Aringa": "luc",
"Armazic": "xrm",
"Arop-Sissano": "aps",
"Arritinngithigh": "rrt",
"Aruek": "aur",
"Asho Chin": "csh",
"Ashraaf": "cus-ash",
"Askopan": "eiv",
"Asoa": "asv",
"Atemble": "ate",
"Atohwaim": "aqm",
"Aurá": "aux",
"Aushi": "auh",
"Aushiri": "avs",
"Auwe": "smf",
"Auyana": "auy",
"Auyokawa": "auo",
"Avava": "tmb",
"Awa-Cuaiquer": "kwi",
"Awbono": "awh",
"Aweer": "bob",
"Awun": "aww",
"Awyi": "auw",
"Ayerrerenge": "axe",
"Ayomán": "sai-ayo",
"Baangi": "bqx",
"Baatonum": "bba",
"Babango": "bbm",
"Babine-Witsuwit'en": "bcr",
"Bacama": "bcy",
"Badjiri": "jbi",
"Badyara": "pbp",
"Baelelea": "bvc",
"Baenan": "sai-bae",
"Baetora": "btr",
"Baga Kaloum": "bqf",
"Baga Koga": "bgo",
"Baga Manduri": "bmd",
"Baga Pokur": "bcg",
"Baga Sobané": "bsv",
"Bago-Kusuntu": "bqg",
"Bagua": "sai-bag",
"Bahinemo": "bjh",
"Bahing": "bhj",
"Baibai": "bbf",
"Baikeno": "bkx",
"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo": "bcz",
"Bainouk-Gunyuño": "bab",
"Bainouk-Samik": "bcb",
"Baissa Fali": "fah",
"Bajjika": "vjk",
"Baki": "bki",
"Bakole": "kme",
"Bakwé": "bjw",
"Balangingi": "sse",
"Baldemu": "bdn",
"Baliledo": "poz-bal",
"Balong": "bnt-bal",
"Bamako Sign Language": "bog",
"Bambalang": "bmo",
"Bambassi": "myf",
"Bambili-Bambui": "baw",
"Bamenyam": "bce",
"Bana": "bcw",
"Banam Bay": "vrt",
"Banao Itneg": "bjx",
"Banda-Bambari": "liy",
"Banda-Ndélé": "bfl",
"Bangandu": "bgf",
"Bangime": "dba",
"Bangolan": "bgj",
"Bangwinji": "bsj",
"Bankan Tey Dogon": "dbw",
"Barbareño": "boi",
"Barikewa": "jbk",
"Barok": "bjk",
"Barombi": "bbi",
"Barranbinya": "aus-bra",
"Barunggam": "aus-brm",
"Barí": "mot",
"Basa-Gumna": "bsl",
"Basa-Gurmana": "buj",
"Basketo": "bst",
"Bassa-Kontagora": "bsr",
"Bassari": "bsc",
"Bassossi": "bsi",
"Batanga": "bnm",
"Bathari": "bhm",
"Bau": "bbd",
"Bauchi": "bsf",
"Bauni": "bpe",
"Bawm Chin": "bgr",
"Baygo": "byg",
"Bayogoula": "nai-bay",
"Baïnounk Gubëeher": "alv-bgu",
"Beary": "dra-bry",
"Beba": "bfp",
"Bedik": "tnr",
"Bedjond": "bjv",
"Beeke": "bkf",
"Beele": "bxq",
"Beezen": "bnz",
"Befang": "bby",
"Begbere-Ejar": "bqv",
"Belanda Bor": "bxb",
"Belanda Viri": "bvi",
"Bembe": "bmb",
"Ben Tey": "dbt",
"Bench": "bcq",
"Bendi": "bct",
"Beng": "nhb",
"Benga": "bng",
"Benggoi": "bgy",
"Bepour": "bie",
"Berinomo": "bit",
"Berom": "bom",
"Berta": "wti",
"Bete-Bendi": "btt",
"Bharia": "bha",
"Bhoti Kinnauri": "nes",
"Biage": "bdf",
"Bian Marind": "bpv",
"Biangai": "big",
"Bidyogo": "bjg",
"Bierebo": "bnk",
"Biga": "bhc",
"Bijori": "bix",
"Biliau": "bcu",
"Biloxi": "bll",
"Bimin": "bhl",
"Binandere": "bhg",
"Bine": "bon",
"Binumarien": "bjr",
"Birhor": "biy",
"Birri": "bvq",
"Birrpayi": "xbj",
"Bissa": "bib",
"Bo": "bgl",
"Bo-Rukul": "mae",
"Bo-Ung": "mux",
"Bodo (Central Africa)": "boy",
"Bodo Gadaba": "gbj",
"Bofi": "bff",
"Boga": "bvw",
"Bokobaru": "bus",
"Bolgo": "bvo",
"Boloki": "bkt",
"Bolon": "bof",
"Bomwali": "bmw",
"Bondoukou Kulango": "kzc",
"Bondum Dom Dogon": "dbu",
"Bonggo": "bpg",
"Bongu": "bpu",
"Bonjo": "bok",
"Bonkeng": "bvg",
"Bonkiman": "bop",
"Border Kuna": "kvn",
"Borei": "gai",
"Bouna Kulango": "nku",
"Bouni": "suo",
"Bozaba": "bzo",
"Brek Karen": "kvl",
"Bruny Island": "xpz",
"Bualkhaw Chin": "cbl",
"Bugan": "bbh",
"Bujhyal": "byh",
"Bukhari": "bhh",
"Buksa": "tkb",
"Bulgebi": "bmp",
"Buli (Ghana)": "bwu",
"Buli (Indonesia)": "bzq",
"Bumbita Arapesh": "aon",
"Bun": "buv",
"Bunoge": "dgb",
"Burate": "bti",
"Buru (Nigeria)": "bqw",
"Burui": "bry",
"Burundian Sign Language": "lsb",
"Bushoong": "buf",
"Butchulla": "xby",
"Butmas-Tur": "bnr",
"Bwanabwana": "tte",
"Bwile": "bwc",
"Byep": "mkk",
"Bädi Kanum": "khd",
"Caac": "msq",
"Cabiyarí": "cbb",
"Cacaopera": "ccr",
"Cacua": "cbv",
"Cacán": "sai-cac",
"Cafundó": "ccd",
"Cahuarano": "cah",
"Caka": "ckx",
"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language": "ckz",
"Cakfem-Mushere": "cky",
"Calusa": "nai-cal",
"Cambodian Sign Language": "csx",
"Camtho": "cmt",
"Candoshi-Shapra": "cbu",
"Canichana": "caz",
"Capanahua": "kaq",
"Caquinte": "cot",
"Cara": "cfd",
"Carabayo": "cby",
"Caranqui": "sai-caq",
"Cargesian Greek": "grk-car",
"Carijona": "cbd",
"Cashibo-Cacataibo": "cbr",
"Catuquinaru": "sai-ctq",
"Catío Chibcha": "cba-cat",
"Cayuse": "xcy",
"Cazcan": "azc-caz",
"Cañari": "sai-cnr",
"Cen": "cen",
"Central Maewo": "mwo",
"Central Teke": "nzu",
"Centúúm": "cet",
"Ch'olti'": "myn-chl",
"Chaha": "sem-cha",
"Chaima": "ciy",
"Chairel": "sit-cha",
"Chak": "ckh",
"Chamba Daka": "ccg",
"Chamba Leko": "ndi",
"Chambri": "can",
"Changriwa": "cga",
"Chantyal": "chx",
"Chaná": "sai-chn",
"Chané": "caj",
"Chara": "cra",
"Chaudangsi": "cdn",
"Chaura": "crv",
"Chayahuita": "cbt",
"Che": "ruk",
"Chemakum": "xch",
"Chenapian": "cjn",
"Chenchu": "cde",
"Cherepon": "cpn",
"Chetco-Tolowa": "ctc",
"Chhintange": "ctn",
"Chhulung": "cur",
"Chilisso": "clh",
"Chimariko": "cid",
"Chimila": "cbg",
"Chinbon Chin": "cnb",
"Chiquimulilla": "nai-chi",
"Chiru": "cdf",
"Chokri Naga": "nri",
"Chokwe": "cjk",
"Cholón": "cht",
"Chono": "sai-cno",
"Chothe Naga": "nct",
"Chuave": "cjv",
"Chug": "cvg",
"Chumburung": "ncu",
"Chácobo": "cao",
"Ci Gbe": "cib",
"Cibak": "ckl",
"Ciguayo": "nai-cig",
"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal": "cdr",
"Cineni": "cie",
"Citak": "txt",
"Ciwogai": "tgd",
"Coahuilteco": "xcw",
"Cochimi": "coj",
"Coeruna": "sai-coe",
"Coeur d'Alene": "crd",
"Cogui": "kog",
"Col": "liw",
"Colán": "sai-col",
"Comechingon": "sai-cmg",
"Comecrudo": "xcm",
"Como Karim": "cfg",
"Con": "cno",
"Coos": "csz",
"Copallén": "sai-cop",
"Coquille": "coq",
"Cori": "cry",
"Coroado Puri": "sai-crd",
"Cotoname": "xcn",
"Coyaima": "coy",
"Cruzeño": "crz",
"Cueva": "sai-cva",
"Cuitlatec": "cuy",
"Culina": "cul",
"Culli": "sai-cul",
"Cung": "cug",
"Cutchi-Swahili": "ccl",
"Daai Chin": "dao",
"Daantanai'": "lni",
"Dabarre": "dbr",
"Dabe": "dbe",
"Dadanitic": "sem-dad",
"Dadiya": "dbd",
"Daga": "dgz",
"Dagaari Dioula": "dgd",
"Daho-Doo": "das",
"Dair": "drb",
"Daloa Bété": "bev",
"Danaru": "dnr",
"Dandami Maria": "daq",
"Dangaléat": "daa",
"Dangaura Tharu": "thl",
"Dao": "daz",
"Daonda": "dnd",
"Dar Daju Daju": "djc",
"Dar Fur Daju": "daj",
"Dar Sila Daju": "dau",
"Daro-Matu Melanau": "dro",
"Datooga": "tcc",
"Davawenyo": "daw",
"Day": "dai",
"Defi Gbe": "gbh",
"Deg": "mzw",
"Deg Xinag": "ing",
"Degenan": "dge",
"Delo": "ntr",
"Dema": "dmx",
"Demta": "dmy",
"Deno": "dbb",
"Dezfuli": "def",
"Dhaiso": "dhs",
"Dhao": "nfa",
"Dhimal": "dhi",
"Dhundhari": "dhd",
"Dhurga": "dhu",
"Dibiyaso": "dby",
"Dicamay Agta": "duy",
"Didinga": "did",
"Dijim-Bwilim": "cfa",
"Dima": "jma",
"Dinapigue Agta": "phi-din",
"Disa": "dsi",
"Ditammari": "tbz",
"Diuwe": "diy",
"Dixon Reef": "dix",
"Djinang": "dji",
"Djinba": "djb",
"Doghoro": "dgx",
"Dogosé": "dos",
"Dogul Dom": "dbg",
"Doko-Uyanga": "uya",
"Dom": "doa",
"Dongo": "doo",
"Dongolawi": "kzh",
"Dongotono": "ddd",
"Donno So Dogon": "dds",
"Dori'o": "dor",
"Doromu-Koki": "kqc",
"Doura": "don",
"Dugun": "ndu",
"Duit": "cba-dui",
"Duke": "nke",
"Dumaitic": "sem-dum",
"Dumun": "dui",
"Dungu": "dbv",
"Duriankere": "dbn",
"Dusun Malang": "duq",
"Dutch Sign Language": "dse",
"Duupa": "dae",
"Duwet": "gve",
"Dwang": "nnu",
"Dzuun": "dnn",
"East Limba": "lma",
"Eastern Karaboro": "xrb",
"Eastern Krahn": "kqo",
"Eastern Maninkakan": "emk",
"Eastern Ngad'a": "nea",
"Eastern Subanun": "sfe",
"Eastern Xwla Gbe": "gbx",
"Ede Cabe": "cbj",
"Ede Ica": "ica",
"Ede Idaca": "idd",
"Ede Ije": "ijj",
"Ede Nago": "nqg",
"Ehueun": "ehu",
"Eipomek": "eip",
"Eitiep": "eit",
"Ejagham": "etu",
"Ejamat": "eja",
"Eki": "eki",
"Ekit": "eke",
"El Hugeirat": "elh",
"El Molo": "elo",
"Eleme": "elm",
"Elseng": "mrf",
"Emai": "ema",
"Eman": "emn",
"Emberá-Baudó": "bdc",
"Emberá-Catío": "cto",
"Emberá-Chamí": "cmi",
"Emberá-Tadó": "tdc",
"Emerillon": "eme",
"Emplawas": "emw",
"Enawené-Nawé": "unk",
"Ende": "end",
"Engenni": "enn",
"Enggano": "eno",
"Enlhet": "enl",
"Enwang": "enw",
"Enxet": "enx",
"Enya": "gey",
"Eotile": "eot",
"Epi-Olmec": "xep",
"Epie": "epi",
"Erave": "kjy",
"Erie": "iro-ere",
"Erre": "err",
"Esselen": "esq",
"Etchemin": "etc",
"Eten": "etx",
"Etkywan": "ich",
"Ewage-Notu": "nou",
"Ewarhuyana": "sai-ewa",
"Ezaa": "eza",
"Fagani": "faf",
"Faifi": "fif",
"Faita": "faj",
"Faiwol": "fai",
"Fali": "fli",
"Fam": "fam",
"Fanamaket": "bjp",
"Fang (Beboid)": "fak",
"Fataleka": "far",
"Fedan": "pdn",
"Fer": "kah",
"Feroge": "fer",
"Finisterre Yau": "yuw",
"Firan": "fir",
"Fiwaga": "fiw",
"Foia Foia": "ffi",
"Foma": "fom",
"Fongoro": "fgr",
"Forak": "frq",
"Fum": "fum",
"Fwe": "fwe",
"Fwâi": "fwa",
"Fyer": "fie",
"Ga'anda": "gqa",
"Gabri": "gab",
"Gaddi": "gbk",
"Gadjerawang": "gdh",
"Gagnoa Bété": "btg",
"Gaikundi": "gbf",
"Gaina": "gcn",
"Gal": "gap",
"Galambu": "glo",
"Galela": "gbi",
"Galice": "gce",
"Gambera": "gma",
"Gamela": "sai-gam",
"Gamit": "gbl",
"Gamkonora": "gak",
"Gamo": "gmv",
"Gamo-Ningi": "bte",
"Gana": "gnq",
"Ganang": "gne",
"Gane": "gzn",
"Ganggalida": "gcd",
"Ganglau": "ggl",
"Gangulu": "gnl",
"Gants": "gao",
"Ganzi": "gnz",
"Garza": "xgr",
"Gata'": "gaq",
"Gavião do Jiparaná": "gvo",
"Gayón": "sai-gay",
"Gbanziri": "gbg",
"Gbesi Gbe": "gbs",
"Gbin": "xgb",
"Gbiri-Niragu": "grh",
"Geba Karen": "kvq",
"Gedaged": "gdd",
"Gedeo": "drs",
"Geji": "gji",
"Geko Karen": "ghk",
"Geme": "geq",
"Gende": "gaf",
"Gey": "guv",
"Ghari": "gri",
"Ghera": "ghr",
"Gibanawa": "gib",
"Gidar": "gid",
"Gilima": "gix",
"Gimi (Austronesian)": "gip",
"Gimi (Goroka)": "gim",
"Gimnime": "gmn",
"Ginuman": "gnm",
"Girirra": "gii",
"Giryama": "nyf",
"Githabul": "gih",
"Gitxsan": "git",
"Giyug": "giy",
"Gizrra": "tof",
"Glaro-Twabo": "glr",
"Glavda": "glw",
"Glio-Oubi": "oub",
"Goa'uld": "art-gld",
"Goaria": "gig",
"Godié": "god",
"Gola": "gol",
"Golpa": "lja",
"Gone Dau": "goo",
"Gongduk": "goe",
"Goo": "gov",
"Gor": "gqr",
"Gorakor": "goc",
"Gorovu": "grq",
"Goundo": "goy",
"Gourmanchéma": "gux",
"Gowlan": "goj",
"Gozarkhani": "goz",
"Gresi": "grs",
"Groma": "gro",
"Guachí": "sai-gua",
"Guamo": "sai-gmo",
"Guanano": "gvc",
"Guazacapán": "nai-guz",
"Gudanji": "nji",
"Gude": "gde",
"Guduf-Gava": "gdf",
"Gugu Badhun": "gdc",
"Guhu-Samane": "ghs",
"Guiberoua Bété": "bet",
"Guinau": "awd-gnu",
"Guinea-Bissau Sign Language": "lgs",
"Gula": "glu",
"Gula'alaa": "gmb",
"Gumalu": "gmu",
"Gundi": "gdi",
"Gunditjmara": "gjm",
"Gundungurra": "xrd",
"Gungabula": "gyf",
"Guntai": "gnt",
"Gunya": "gyy",
"Guragone": "gge",
"Guramalum": "grz",
"Gureng Gureng": "gnr",
"Gurgula": "ggg",
"Guriaso": "grx",
"Gurindji Kriol": "gjr",
"Guruntum": "grd",
"Guya": "gka",
"Guébie": "gie",
"Gvoko": "ngs",
"Gwahatike": "dah",
"Gweda": "grw",
"Gyalsumdo": "gyo",
"Gyem": "gye",
"Hadothi": "hoj",
"Hainyaxo Bozo": "bzx",
"Haji": "hji",
"Hamba": "hba",
"Harami": "xha",
"Haraza": "nub-har",
"Haruai": "tmd",
"Hasaitic": "sem-has",
"Hasha": "ybj",
"Haush": "sai-hau",
"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai": "yuf",
"Hema": "nix",
"Hemba": "hem",
"Herdé": "hed",
"Hibito": "hib",
"Hill Maria": "mrr",
"Himarimã": "hir",
"Hismaic": "sem-his",
"Hitchiti": "nai-hit",
"Hmong Dô": "hmv",
"Hmwaveke": "mrk",
"Hobyót": "hoh",
"Homa": "hom",
"Honduran Lenca": "len",
"Hoti": "hti",
"Hpon": "hpo",
"Huarijio": "var",
"Huetar": "cba-hue",
"Hula": "hul",
"Humburi Senni": "hmb",
"Hun": "uth",
"Hunde": "hke",
"Hungworo": "nat",
"Hunjara-Kaina Ke": "hkk",
"Iaai": "iai",
"Iamalele": "yml",
"Iatmul": "ian",
"Ibali Teke": "tek",
"Iceve-Maci": "bec",
"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki": "ida",
"Idaté": "idt",
"Idiom Neutral": "mis-idn",
"Idun": "ldb",
"Ignaciano": "ign",
"Iguta": "nar",
"Ihievbe": "ihi",
"Ija-Zuba": "vki",
"Ikobi-Mena": "meb",
"Ikpeshi": "ikp",
"Iku-Gora-Ankwa": "ikv",
"Ilue": "ilv",
"Imbongu": "imo",
"Inapang": "mzu",
"Indanga": "bnt-ind",
"Inpui Naga": "nkf",
"Intha": "int",
"Inuvialuktun": "ikt",
"Ipai": "nai-ipa",
"Iresim": "ire",
"Island Carib": "crb",
"Isu": "isu",
"Ito": "itw",
"Itu Mbon Uzo": "itm",
"Iyo'wujwa Chorote": "crq",
"Iyojwa'ja Chorote": "crt",
"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo": "izi",
"Izora": "cbo",
"Jabutí": "jbt",
"Jandavra": "jnd",
"Janji": "jni",
"Javindo": "jvd",
"Jemez": "tow",
"Jeng": "jeg",
"Jere": "jer",
"Jeri Kuo": "jek",
"Jhankot Sign Language": "jhs",
"Jimi": "jmi",
"Joba": "job",
"Jola-Kasa": "csk",
"Jonkor Bourmataguil": "jeu",
"Jorá": "jor",
"Jowulu": "jow",
"Ju": "juu",
"Juang": "jun",
"Jur Modo": "bex",
"Juray": "juy",
"Jwira-Pepesa": "jwi",
"Kaan": "ldl",
"Kaang Chin": "ckn",
"Kaansa": "gna",
"Kaapor Sign Language": "uks",
"Kaba": "ksp",
"Kabba-Laka": "lap",
"Kabola": "klz",
"Kabras": "lkb",
"Kabwari": "kcw",
"Kachi Koli": "gjk",
"Kacipo-Balesi": "koe",
"Kadai": "kzd",
"Kadar": "kej",
"Kado": "kdv",
"Kafoa": "kpu",
"Kagan Kalagan": "kll",
"Kagoro": "xkg",
"Kahe": "hka",
"Kaian": "kct",
"Kaikadi": "kep",
"Kaiku": "kkq",
"Kairui-Midiki": "krd",
"Kaivi": "kce",
"Kaiy": "tcq",
"Kajakse": "ckq",
"Kakabe": "kke",
"Kaki Ae": "tbd",
"Kakihum": "kxe",
"Kalabakan": "kve",
"Kalamsé": "knz",
"Kalanadi": "wkl",
"Kalanga": "kck",
"Kalasuri": "xme-kls",
"Kam": "kdx",
"Kamantan": "kci",
"Kamberataro": "kbv",
"Kande": "kbs",
"Kang": "kyp",
"Kanga": "kcp",
"Kangean": "kkv",
"Kango": "kty",
"Kango-Sua": "kzy",
"Kaningdon-Nindem": "kdp",
"Kannada Kurumba": "kfi",
"Kannauji": "bjj",
"Kanyok": "kny",
"Kao": "kax",
"Kapauri": "khp",
"Kapya": "klo",
"Kara (Tanzania)": "reg",
"Karadjeri": "gbd",
"Karanga": "kth",
"Kari": "kbj",
"Karipuna (Panoan)": "sai-krp",
"Karkin": "krb",
"Karko": "kko",
"Karolanos": "kyn",
"Karon": "krx",
"Karon Dori": "kgw",
"Karuwali": "rxw",
"Kasanga": "ccj",
"Kasiguranin": "ksn",
"Kaskean": "zsk",
"Kaskihá": "gva",
"Kassonke": "kao",
"Katabaga": "ktq",
"Katembri": "sai-kat",
"Katukina": "knt",
"Kaur": "vkk",
"Kaure": "bpp",
"Kavet": "krv",
"Kawacha": "kcb",
"Kawahiva": "tup-kaw",
"Kawe": "kgb",
"Kaxuyana": "kbb",
"Kayeli": "kzl",
"Kayort": "kyv",
"Kaytetye": "gbb",
"Kazukuru": "kzk",
"Kedang": "ksx",
"Keder": "kdy",
"Kehu": "khh",
"Kei": "kei",
"Keiga": "kec",
"Kela-Yela": "kel",
"Keley-I Kallahan": "ify",
"Kendeje": "klf",
"Kendem": "kvm",
"Keningau Murut": "kxi",
"Kenswei Nsei": "ndb",
"Kenyi": "lke",
"Kepkiriwát": "kpn",
"Kepo'": "kuk",
"Kera": "ker",
"Kesawai": "xes",
"Kete": "kcv",
"Ketum": "ktt",
"Kharam Naga": "kfw",
"Khayo": "lko",
"Khe": "kqg",
"Khezha Naga": "nkh",
"Khisa": "kqm",
"Khoibu Naga": "nkb",
"Kholok": "ktc",
"Khonso": "kxc",
"Khortha": "inc-khr",
"Khwe": "xuu",
"Kháng": "kjm",
"Kibet": "kie",
"Kilit": "xme-klt",
"Kimré": "kqp",
"Kinabalian": "cbw",
"Kinuku": "kkd",
"Kiong": "kkm",
"Kir-Balar": "kkr",
"Kisa": "lks",
"Kistane": "gru",
"Kita Maninkakan": "mwk",
"Kitanemuk": "azc-ktn",
"Kitja": "gia",
"Kitsai": "kii",
"Kla": "lda",
"Klao": "klu",
"Klias River Kadazan": "kqt",
"Knaanic": "czk",
"Koalib": "kib",
"Koba": "kpd",
"Kobiana": "kcj",
"Kobol": "kgu",
"Koda": "cdz",
"Kodaku": "ksz",
"Koenoem": "kcs",
"Kofa": "kso",
"Kofei": "kpi",
"Kohin": "kkx",
"Kohumono": "bcs",
"Koi": "kkt",
"Koireng": "nkd",
"Kok-Nar": "gko",
"Kok-Paponk": "okg",
"Kokola": "kzn",
"Kol (Cameroon)": "biw",
"Kom (India)": "kmm",
"Kombai": "tyn",
"Kominimung": "xoi",
"Kon Keu": "kkn",
"Konabéré": "bbo",
"Kondekor": "gau",
"Koneraw": "kdw",
"Kono (Guinea)": "knu",
"Kono (Nigeria)": "klk",
"Kono (Sierra Leone)": "kno",
"Konongo": "kcz",
"Konyanka Maninka": "mku",
"Koonzime": "ozm",
"Koorete": "kqy",
"Kopkaka": "opk",
"Korana": "kqz",
"Korandje": "kcy",
"Koreguaje": "coe",
"Koromfé": "kfz",
"Korop": "krp",
"Koropó": "xxr",
"Koroshi": "ktl",
"Korowai": "khe",
"Korra Koraga": "kfd",
"Korupun-Sela": "kpq",
"Kosadle": "kiq",
"Kosarek Yale": "kkl",
"Kota (Gabon)": "koq",
"Kota (India)": "kfe",
"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay": "mqg",
"Kota Marudu Talantang": "grm",
"Kotafon Gbe": "kqk",
"Koya": "kff",
"Koyaga": "kga",
"Koyukon": "koy",
"Kpasam": "pbn",
"Kpee": "cpo",
"Kresh": "krs",
"Krikati-Timbira": "xri",
"Krim": "krm",
"Kru'ng": "krr",
"Kua": "tyu",
"Kudu-Camo": "kov",
"Kugama": "kow",
"Kugbo": "kes",
"Kujarge": "vkj",
"Kukkuzi": "urj-kuk",
"Kuku-Thaypan": "typ",
"Kuku-Ugbanh": "ugb",
"Kuku-Uwanh": "uwa",
"Kula": "tpg",
"Kulaal": "glj",
"Kulfa": "kxj",
"Kulung": "kle",
"Kumam": "kdi",
"Kumarbhag Paharia": "kmj",
"Kumba": "ksm",
"Kumhali": "kra",
"Kunda": "kdn",
"Kunduvadi": "wku",
"Kung": "kfl",
"Kungarakany": "ggk",
"Kunyi": "njx",
"Kupa": "kug",
"Kupsabiny": "kpz",
"Kur": "kuv",
"Kura Ede Nago": "nqk",
"Kurama": "krh",
"Kuri": "nbn",
"Kurichiya": "kfh",
"Kusaal": "kus",
"Kusaghe": "ksg",
"Kushi": "kuh",
"Kusu": "ksv",
"Kutep": "kub",
"Kutto": "kpa",
"Kuuk Thaayorre": "thd",
"Kuuk Yak": "uky",
"Kuwaataay": "cwt",
"Kwaami": "ksq",
"Kwaio": "kwd",
"Kwaja": "kdz",
"Kwambi": "kwm",
"Kwamera": "tnk",
"Kwami": "ktf",
"Kwer": "kwr",
"Kwerba Mamberamo": "xwr",
"Kwerisa": "kkb",
"Kwese": "kws",
"Kwinsu": "kuc",
"Kyan-Karyaw Naga": "nqq",
"Kyenele": "kql",
"Kyenga": "tye",
"Kyerung": "kgy",
"Kómnzo": "paa-kmn",
"La'bi": "lbi",
"Laalaa": "cae",
"Labo": "mwi",
"Laghu": "lgb",
"Lagwan": "kot",
"Laha (Indonesia)": "lhh",
"Lahta Karen": "kvt",
"Laimbue": "lmx",
"Laitu Chin": "clj",
"Lakalei": "lka",
"Lakha": "lkh",
"Lakon": "lkn",
"Lakondê": "lkd",
"Lakota Dida": "dic",
"Lakurumau": "lxm",
"Lamalera": "lmr",
"Lamatuka": "lmq",
"Lambichhong": "lmh",
"Lamenu": "lmu",
"Lamet": "lbn",
"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola": "ldh",
"Lamkang": "lmk",
"Lamnso'": "lns",
"Lamu-Lamu": "lby",
"Lanas Lobu": "ruu",
"Landoma": "ldm",
"Lao Naga": "nlq",
"Lapine": "art-lap",
"Larantuka Malay": "lrt",
"Larevat": "lrv",
"Laro": "lro",
"Larteh": "lar",
"Laru": "lan",
"Latundê": "ltn",
"Lauan": "llx",
"Laven": "lbo",
"Leco": "lec",
"Leelau": "ldk",
"Lefa": "lfa",
"Lega-Mwenga": "lgm",
"Lega-Shabunda": "lea",
"Legenyem": "lcc",
"Lehalurup": "urr",
"Leinong Naga": "lzn",
"Leitre": "paa-lei",
"Lela": "dri",
"Lelak": "llk",
"Lemerig": "lrz",
"Lemoro": "ldj",
"Lenakel": "tnl",
"Lendu": "led",
"Lengilu": "lgi",
"Lengo": "lgr",
"Lengola": "lej",
"Lenyima": "ldg",
"Lepki": "lpe",
"Lere": "gnh",
"Letemboi": "nms",
"Leti (Cameroon)": "leo",
"Leyigha": "ayi",
"Li'o": "ljl",
"Liangmai Naga": "njn",
"Libinza": "liz",
"Ligenza": "lgz",
"Likila": "lie",
"Likuba": "kxx",
"Limbum": "lmp",
"Lingkhim": "lii",
"Lisabata-Nuniali": "lcs",
"Little Swanport": "aus-lsw",
"Litzlitz": "lzl",
"Lo-Toga": "lht",
"Logba": "lgq",
"Lokoya": "lky",
"Lolo": "llb",
"Lomaiviti": "lmv",
"Lombi": "lmi",
"Lomwe": "ngl",
"Long Phuri Naga": "lpn",
"Longgu": "lgu",
"Lonwolwol": "crc",
"Looma": "lom",
"Lorang": "lrn",
"Lorediakarkar": "lnn",
"Lotha Naga": "njh",
"Loun": "lox",
"Loup A": "xlo",
"Loup B": "xlb",
"Lower Burdekin": "xbb",
"Luang": "lex",
"Lubila": "kcc",
"Luchazi": "lch",
"Lugbara": "lgg",
"Luguru": "ruf",
"Luhu": "lcq",
"Lumun": "lmd",
"Luna": "luj",
"Lungga": "lga",
"Luri (Nigeria)": "ldd",
"Lusengo": "lse",
"Lutachoni": "lts",
"Lyélé": "lee",
"Láá Láá Bwamu": "bwj",
"Ma": "msj",
"Maa": "cma",
"Mabaale": "mmz",
"Maca": "mca",
"Macaguaje": "mcl",
"Machinga": "mvw",
"Macoris": "nai-mac",
"Maden": "xmx",
"Madi": "grg",
"Mafea": "mkv",
"Magiyi": "gmg",
"Magɨ": "gkd",
"Maiadomu": "mzz",
"Maiani": "tnh",
"Maindo": "cwb",
"Mairasi": "zrs",
"Majhwar": "mmj",
"Mak (Nigeria)": "pbl",
"Makah": "myh",
"Makhuwa-Marrevone": "xmc",
"Makhuwa-Moniga": "mhm",
"Makhuwa-Saka": "xsq",
"Makhuwa-Shirima": "vmk",
"Makwe": "ymk",
"Makyan Naga": "umn",
"Mal": "mlf",
"Mala (New Guinea)": "ped",
"Mala (Nigeria)": "ruy",
"Malankuravan": "mjo",
"Malapandaram": "mjp",
"Malawi Lomwe": "lon",
"Malaynon": "mlz",
"Malba Birifor": "bfo",
"Male": "mdc",
"Malfaxal": "mlx",
"Mali": "gcc",
"Malimba": "mzd",
"Malua Bay": "mll",
"Maléku Jaíka": "gut",
"Mama": "mma",
"Mamaindé": "wmd",
"Mamara Senoufo": "myk",
"Mamulique": "emm",
"Man Met": "mml",
"Manambu": "mle",
"Manao": "awd-man",
"Mandara": "tbf",
"Mandari": "mqu",
"Mander": "mqr",
"Manem": "jet",
"Mangala": "mem",
"Mangayat": "myj",
"Mangga Buang": "mmo",
"Mangole": "mqc",
"Manigri-Kambolé Ede Nago": "xkb",
"Manikion": "mnx",
"Mankiyali": "nlm",
"Manna-Dora": "mju",
"Mansoanka": "msw",
"Manta": "myg",
"Mantsi": "nty",
"Manumanaw Karen": "kxf",
"Manya": "mzj",
"Manyawa": "mny",
"Manza": "mzv",
"Mape": "mlh",
"Mapena": "mnm",
"Mapos Buang": "bzh",
"Marachi": "lri",
"Marama": "lrm",
"Marenje": "vmr",
"Marghi South": "mfm",
"Maria": "mds",
"Mariaté": "awd-mrt",
"Maring Naga": "nng",
"Maritsauá": "msp",
"Markweeta": "enb",
"Marti Ke": "zmg",
"Masakará": "sai-msk",
"Masalit": "mls",
"Mashco Piro": "cuj",
"Masmaje": "mes",
"Matepi": "mqe",
"Mato Grosso Arára": "axg",
"Matya Samo": "stj",
"Mawan": "mcz",
"Mawayana": "mzx",
"Maxi Gbe": "mxl",
"Maya Samo": "sym",
"Mayeka": "myc",
"Maynas": "sai-mys",
"Mbandja": "zmz",
"Mbati": "mdn",
"Mbiywom": "aus-mbi",
"Mbo (Cameroon)": "mbo",
"Mbo (Congo)": "zmw",
"Mbole": "mdq",
"Mbongno": "bgu",
"Mbre": "mka",
"Mbula-Bwazza": "mbu",
"Me'en": "mym",
"Medefaidrin": "dmf",
"Media Lengua": "mue",
"Mednyj Aleut": "mud",
"Mendankwe-Nkwen": "mfd",
"Menien": "sai-men",
"Menominee": "mez",
"Meoswar": "mvx",
"Mer": "mnu",
"Merei": "lmb",
"Mese": "mci",
"Mesmes": "mys",
"Mesqan": "mvz",
"Mgbo": "gmz",
"Miani": "pla",
"Michigamea": "cmm",
"Mid-Southern Banda": "bjo",
"Millcayac": "sai-mil",
"Mina": "hna",
"Mingang Doso": "mko",
"Minica Huitoto": "hto",
"Minigir": "vmg",
"Minkin": "xxm",
"Mintil": "mzt",
"Miriwoong Sign Language": "rsm",
"Miriwung": "mep",
"Mirning": "gmr",
"Mituku": "zmq",
"Miu": "mpo",
"Mixifore": "mfg",
"Mlahsö": "lhs",
"Mlomp": "mlo",
"Mmaala": "mmu",
"Mo'da": "gbn",
"Modole": "mqo",
"Moi (Congo)": "mow",
"Moi (Indonesia)": "mxn",
"Moikodi": "mkp",
"Moingi": "mwz",
"Mok": "mqt",
"Moklen": "mkm",
"Mokole": "mkl",
"Molengue": "bxc",
"Mom Jango": "ver",
"Mombo Dogon": "dmb",
"Mombum": "mso",
"Mongsen Ao": "njo-mng",
"Monimbo": "mom",
"Mono (California)": "mnr",
"Mono (Cameroon)": "mru",
"Mono (Congo)": "mnh",
"Monsang Naga": "nmh",
"Monzombo": "moj",
"Moo": "gwg",
"Moraid": "msg",
"Moran": "tbq-mor",
"Moresada": "msx",
"Morom": "bdo",
"Morouas": "mrp",
"Motembo": "tmv",
"Mountain Koiari": "kpx",
"Moyon Naga": "nmo",
"Mpiin": "bnt-mpi",
"Mpuono": "bnt-mpu",
"Mro Chin": "cmr",
"Mser": "kqx",
"Muak Sa-aak": "ukk",
"Mucuchí": "sai-muc",
"Mudu Koraga": "vmd",
"Muellama": "sai-mue",
"Muher": "sem-mhr",
"Mukha-Dora": "mmk",
"Mullu Kurumba": "kpb",
"Mum": "kqa",
"Munda": "unx",
"Mundolinco": "art-mun",
"Munggui": "mth",
"Muniche": "myr",
"Murupi": "mqw",
"Mutu": "tuc",
"Muzo": "sai-muz",
"Mwimbi-Muthambi": "mws",
"Mághdì": "gmd",
"Mün Chin": "mwq",
"Naaba": "nao",
"Nabak": "naf",
"Nachering": "ncd",
"Nadruvian": "ndf",
"Nafri": "nxx",
"Nage": "nxe",
"Nagtipunan Agta": "phi-nag",
"Nagu": "ngr",
"Nahari": "nhh",
"Nai": "bio",
"Naka'ela": "nae",
"Nake": "nbk",
"Nakwi": "nax",
"Nalu": "naj",
"Nama": "nmx",
"Namakura": "nmk",
"Namat": "nkm",
"Nambya": "nmq",
"Namia": "nnm",
"Namiae": "nvm",
"Namonuito": "nmt",
"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua": "bwb",
"Nancere": "nnc",
"Nande": "nnb",
"Nanerigé Sénoufo": "sen",
"Nanga Dama Dogon": "nzz",
"Nankina": "nnk",
"Nanti": "cox",
"Naolan": "nai-nao",
"Nar Phu": "npa",
"Nara": "nrb",
"Narak": "nac",
"Narango": "nrg",
"Nasal": "nsy",
"Nasarian": "nvh",
"Natagaimas": "nts",
"Natchez": "ncz",
"Natioro": "nti",
"Natú": "sai-nat",
"Natügu": "ntu",
"Nauete": "nxa",
"Navut": "nsw",
"Nawathinehena": "nwa",
"Nawdm": "nmz",
"Nawuri": "naw",
"Nayi": "noz",
"Ncane": "ncr",
"Nchumbulu": "nlu",
"Nda'nda'": "nnz",
"Ndai": "gke",
"Ndambomo": "nxo",
"Ndau": "ndc",
"Nde-Gbite": "ned",
"Nde-Nsele-Nta": "ndd",
"Nding": "eli",
"Ndoe": "nbb",
"Ndoola": "ndr",
"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin": "njt",
"Nehan": "nsn",
"Nek": "nif",
"Nekgini": "nkg",
"Neko": "nej",
"Neku": "nek",
"Neme": "nex",
"Nemi": "nem",
"Nend": "anh",
"Neo": "neu",
"Nese": "poz-nes",
"Nete": "net",
"Neve'ei": "vnm",
"New River Shasta": "nai-nrs",
"Neyo": "ney",
"Nez Perce": "nez",
"Ngadha": "nxg",
"Ngadjunmaya": "nju",
"Ngaiawang": "nwg",
"Ngaing": "nnf",
"Ngalakan": "nig",
"Ngalkbun": "ngk",
"Ngalum": "szb",
"Ngamambo": "nbv",
"Ngamini": "nmv",
"Ngan'gityemerri": "nam",
"Ngandi": "nid",
"Ngando (Central African Republic)": "ngd",
"Ngando (Congo)": "nxd",
"Ngandyera": "nne",
"Ngangam": "gng",
"Ngantangarra": "ntg",
"Nganyaywana": "nyx",
"Ngardi": "rxd",
"Ngarinman": "nbj",
"Ngarinyin": "ung",
"Ngasa": "nsg",
"Ngatik Men's Creole": "ngm",
"Ngawn Chin": "cnw",
"Ngbaka": "nga",
"Ngbaka Ma'bo": "nbm",
"Ngbaka Manza": "ngg",
"Ngbee": "jgb",
"Ngbundu": "nuu",
"Ngemba": "nge",
"Ngen": "gnj",
"Ngendelengo": "nql",
"Ngeq": "ngt",
"Ngete": "nnn",
"Nggem": "nbq",
"Nggwahyi": "ngx",
"Ngie": "ngj",
"Ngkoth": "aus-ngk",
"Ngkâlmpw Kanum": "kcd",
"Ngochang": "tbq-ngo",
"Ngom": "nra",
"Ngombale": "nla",
"Ngombe (Central African Republic)": "nmj",
"Ngombe (Congo)": "ngc",
"Ngong": "nnx",
"Ngongo": "noq",
"Ngoshie": "nsh",
"Ngul": "nlo",
"Nguluwan": "nuw",
"Ngumbi": "nui",
"Ngunawal": "xul",
"Ngungwel": "ngz",
"Ngurmbur": "nrx",
"Ngäbere": "gym",
"Nhanda": "nha",
"Nhuwala": "nhf",
"Niellim": "nie",
"Nii": "nii",
"Niksek": "gbe",
"Nimbari": "nmr",
"Nimboran": "nir",
"Nimoa": "nmw",
"Nindi": "nxi",
"Ningera": "nby",
"Ninggerum": "nxr",
"Ninzo": "nin",
"Nipsan": "nps",
"Niwer Mil": "hrc",
"Njalgulgule": "njl",
"Njebi": "nzb",
"Njen": "njj",
"Njerep": "njr",
"Njyem": "njy",
"Nkangala": "nkn",
"Nkukoli": "nbo",
"Nnam": "nbp",
"Noakhali": "oak",
"Nocte Naga": "njb",
"Noipä": "npx",
"Noiri": "noi",
"Nomaande": "lem",
"Nomane": "nof",
"Nomatsiguenga": "not",
"Nomlaki": "nol",
"Nomu": "noh",
"Nonuya": "noj",
"Nooksack": "nok",
"Noric": "nrc",
"North Asmat": "nks",
"North Boma": "boh",
"North Fali": "fll",
"North Giziga": "gis",
"North Mofu": "mfk",
"North Muyu": "kti",
"North Nuaulu": "nni",
"Northern Dagara": "dgi",
"Northern Kissi": "kqs",
"Northern Lorung": "lbr",
"Northern Rengma Naga": "nnl",
"Northwestern Nisu": "nsf",
"Noy": "noy",
"Nsari": "asj",
"Nsenga": "nse",
"Nsongo": "nsx",
"Ntomba": "nto",
"Nuk": "noc",
"Nukna": "klt",
"Nukunu": "nnv",
"Numana": "nbr",
"Nume": "tgs",
"Nunggubuyu": "nuy",
"Nungu": "rin",
"Nupbikha": "npb",
"Nusa Laut": "nul",
"Nutabe": "cba-nut",
"Nyagrong Minyag": "ero-nya",
"Nyali": "nlj",
"Nyam": "nmi",
"Nyamusa-Molo": "nwm",
"Nyaneka": "nyk",
"Nyang'i": "nyp",
"Nyanga (Congo)": "nyj",
"Nyanga (Togo)": "ayg",
"Nyanga-li": "nyc",
"Nyangatom": "nnj",
"Nyangbo": "nyb",
"Nyangga": "nny",
"Nyangumarta": "nna",
"Nyarafolo Senoufo": "sev",
"Nyawaygi": "nyt",
"Nyemba": "nba",
"Nyeu": "nyl",
"Nyigina": "nyh",
"Nyiha": "nih",
"Nyika": "nkt",
"Nyimang": "nyi",
"Nyindu": "nyg",
"Nyokon": "nvo",
"Nyong": "muo",
"Nyulnyul": "nyv",
"Nyungwe": "nyu",
"Nyâlayu": "yly",
"Nzakambay": "nzy",
"Nzakara": "nzk",
"Ná-Meo": "neo",
"O'chi'chi'": "xoc",
"O'du": "tyh",
"Odiai": "bhf",
"Odoodee": "kkc",
"Odut": "oda",
"Ogbah": "ogc",
"Ogbia": "ogb",
"Ogbogolo": "ogg",
"Okobo": "okb",
"Okolod": "kqv",
"Okpamheri": "opa",
"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)": "okx",
"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)": "oke",
"Oksapmin": "opm",
"Okwanuchu": "nai-okw",
"Old Cham": "ocm",
"Old Warekena": "awd-war",
"Ollari": "gdb",
"Oloma": "olm",
"Olu'bo": "lul",
"Olulumo-Ikom": "iko",
"Olutsotso": "lto",
"Omba": "omb",
"Ombamba": "mbm",
"Ombo": "oml",
"Omotik": "omt",
"Ong": "oog",
"Ongota": "bxe",
"Onin": "oni",
"Onjob": "onj",
"Ono": "ons",
"Oorlams": "oor",
"Opao": "opo",
"Opata": "opt",
"Opuuo": "lgn",
"Opón": "sai-opo",
"Orejón": "ore",
"Oring": "org",
"Oroha": "ora",
"Orokolo": "oro",
"Oruma": "orr",
"Orya": "ury",
"Osatu": "ost",
"Otank": "uta",
"Oti": "oti",
"Otoro": "otr",
"Otuke": "otu",
"Ouma": "oum",
"Oune": "oue",
"Owiniga": "owi",
"Oy": "oyb",
"Oya'oya": "oyy",
"Oyda": "oyd",
"Pa Di": "pdi",
"Pacahuara": "pcp",
"Pahari Newari": "phj",
"Pahlavani": "phv",
"Pai Tavytera": "pta",
"Paicî": "pri",
"Paikoneka": "awd-pai",
"Paite": "pck",
"Paku Karen": "jkp",
"Palewyami": "yok-ply",
"Palor": "fap",
"Palta": "sai-pal",
"Pamigua": "sai-pam",
"Panchpargania": "tdb",
"Pande": "bkj",
"Pangseng": "pgs",
"Panzaleo": "sai-pnz",
"Pao": "ppa",
"Papel": "pbo",
"Papi": "ppe",
"Paratió": "sai-par",
"Pardhan": "pch",
"Pardhi": "pcl",
"Paredarerme": "xpd",
"Parenga": "pcj",
"Passé": "awd-pas",
"Patagón": "sai-ptg",
"Pataxó": "sai-ptx",
"Pathiya": "pty",
"Pattani": "lae",
"Pauserna": "psm",
"Payaguá": "sai-pyg",
"Peba": "sai-peb",
"Peerapper": "xpw",
"Peere": "pfe",
"Pengo": "peg",
"Perema": "wom",
"Pero": "pip",
"Phangduwali": "phw",
"Phimbi": "phm",
"Phom": "nph",
"Phrae Pwo": "kjt",
"Phuan": "phu",
"Phudagi": "phd",
"Piapoco": "pio",
"Pichis Ashéninka": "cpu",
"Picuris": "nai-pic",
"Pidgin Onin": "onx",
"Pijao": "pij",
"Pije": "piz",
"Pinai-Hagahai": "pnn",
"Pinjarup": "pnj",
"Pintiini": "pti",
"Pintupi-Luritja": "piu",
"Piratapuyo": "pir",
"Piya-Kwonci": "piy",
"Plapo Krumen": "ktj",
"Playero": "gob",
"Pochuri Naga": "npo",
"Podoko": "pbi",
"Pogolo": "poy",
"Pokangá": "pok",
"Poke": "pof",
"Ponyo": "npg",
"Poqomchi'": "poh",
"Port Sandwich": "psw",
"Port Vato": "ptv",
"Poumei Naga": "pmx",
"Powari": "pwr",
"Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro": "awd-amc-pro",
"Proto-Binanderean": "ngf-bin-pro",
"Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi": "csu-bba-pro",
"Proto-Caddoan": "cdd-pro",
"Proto-Cangin": "alv-cng-pro",
"Proto-Central Pacific": "poz-pcc-pro",
"Proto-Chimakuan": "chi-pro",
"Proto-Daju": "sdv-daj-pro",
"Proto-Daly": "aus-dal-pro",
"Proto-Dangari": "inc-dng-pro",
"Proto-Dizoid": "omv-diz-pro",
"Proto-Eastern Jebel": "sdv-eje-pro",
"Proto-Fali": "alv-fli-pro",
"Proto-Guang": "alv-gng-pro",
"Proto-Gur": "nic-gur-pro",
"Proto-Gurunsi": "nic-gns-pro",
"Proto-Heiban": "alv-hei-pro",
"Proto-Idomoid": "alv-ido-pro",
"Proto-Jukunoid": "nic-jkn-pro",
"Proto-Kampa": "awd-kmp-pro",
"Proto-Koman": "ssa-kom-pro",
"Proto-Kwa": "alv-kwa-pro",
"Proto-Maidun": "nai-mdu-pro",
"Proto-Mangbetu": "csu-maa-pro",
"Proto-Masa": "cdc-mas-pro",
"Proto-Mumuye": "alv-mum-pro",
"Proto-Nyima": "sdv-nyi-pro",
"Proto-Ogoni": "nic-ogo-pro",
"Proto-Paresi-Waura": "awd-prw-pro",
"Proto-Sara": "csu-sar-pro",
"Proto-Taman": "sdv-tmn-pro",
"Proto-Taranoan": "sai-tar-pro",
"Proto-Tsimshianic": "nai-tsi-pro",
"Proto-Ubangian": "nic-ubg-pro",
"Proto-Utian": "nai-utn-pro",
"Proto-Witotoan": "sai-wit-pro",
"Puimei Naga": "npu",
"Puiron": "sit-prn",
"Puluwat": "puw",
"Pumé": "yae",
"Puquina": "puq",
"Purisimeño": "puy",
"Puruhá": "sai-prh",
"Purukotó": "sai-pur",
"Putoh": "put",
"Puyo-Paekche": "xpp",
"Pwaamei": "pme",
"Pye Krumen": "pye",
"Pyemmairre": "xpb",
"Páez": "pbb",
"Pááfang": "pfa",
"Päri": "lkr",
"Pémono": "pev",
"Pévé": "lme",
"Qatabanian": "xqt",
"Quimbaya": "sai-qmb",
"Quinigua": "nai-qng",
"Quinqui": "quq",
"Raji": "rji",
"Rajong": "rjg",
"Rajput Garasia": "gra",
"Ralte": "ral",
"Ramandi": "tks",
"Rang": "rax",
"Ranglong": "rnl",
"Rathawi": "rtw",
"Rawat": "jnl",
"Razajerdi": "rat",
"Reli": "rei",
"Rembarunga": "rmb",
"Remun": "lkj",
"Repanbitip": "rpn",
"Rer Bare": "rer",
"Rerep": "pgk",
"Resígaro": "rgr",
"Riantana": "ran",
"Ritarungo": "rit",
"Riung": "riu",
"Riverain Sango": "snj",
"Rogo": "rod",
"Roma": "rmm",
"Romanova": "rmv",
"Ron": "cla",
"Rongga": "ror",
"Rongmei Naga": "nbu",
"Rongpo": "rnp",
"Roon": "rnn",
"Roro": "rro",
"Rudbari": "rdb",
"Ruga": "ruh",
"Ruma": "ruz",
"Runga": "rou",
"Rungtu": "rtc",
"Ruwund": "rnd",
"Sa'ban": "snv",
"Sa'och": "scq",
"Saamia": "lsm",
"Saare": "uss",
"Sabanê": "sae",
"Sabüm": "sbo",
"Safaitic": "sem-saf",
"Sagalla": "tga",
"Sahaptin": "nai-spt",
"Sajau Basap": "sjb",
"Sala": "shq",
"Salampasu": "slx",
"Salas": "sgu",
"Saliba (Colombia)": "slc",
"Saliba (New Guinea)": "sbe",
"Salinan": "sln",
"Salumá": "slj",
"Salvadoran Lenca": "nai-sln",
"Samalian": "sem-sam",
"Sanaviron": "sai-san",
"Sangtam Naga": "nsa",
"Sangu (Gabon)": "snq",
"Sankaran Maninka": "msc",
"Sapo": "krn",
"Sara Kaba": "sbz",
"Sara Kaba Deme": "kwg",
"Sara Kaba Náà": "kwv",
"Saraveca": "sar",
"Sarazi": "inc-sar",
"Sartang": "onp",
"Sateré-Mawé": "mav",
"Saweru": "swr",
"Seba": "kdg",
"Seenku": "sos",
"Segeju": "seg",
"Seim": "sim",
"Seit-Kaitetu": "hik",
"Sekele": "vaj",
"Selungai Murut": "slg",
"Sema": "nsm",
"Semaq Beri": "szc",
"Semimi": "etz",
"Sempan": "xse",
"Senara Sénoufo": "seq",
"Senggi": "snu",
"Sengo": "spk",
"Senthang Chin": "sez",
"Sepa (Indonesia)": "spb",
"Sepa (New Guinea)": "spe",
"Sepen": "spm",
"Seroa": "kqu",
"Serudung Murut": "srk",
"Serui-Laut": "seu",
"Sewa Bay": "sew",
"Seychelles Sign Language": "lsw",
"Sha": "scw",
"Shall-Zwall": "sha",
"Shamang": "xsh",
"Shark Bay": "ssv",
"Sharwa": "swq",
"Shau": "sqh",
"Sheni": "scv",
"Sherbro": "bun",
"Shiki": "gua",
"Shom Peng": "sii",
"Shoo-Minda-Nye": "bcv",
"Shuba": "cbq",
"Shuwa-Zamani": "ksa",
"Sian": "spg",
"Siang": "sya",
"Siar-Lak": "sjr",
"Sibe": "nco",
"Sibu Melanau": "sdx",
"Sicanian": "sxc",
"Sie": "erg",
"Sihan": "snr",
"Sikiana": "sik",
"Sileibi": "sbq",
"Silopi": "xsp",
"Silt'e": "stv",
"Simba": "sbw",
"Simbali": "smg",
"Sinacantán": "nai-sin",
"Singa": "sgm",
"Siyin Chin": "csy",
"Smärky Kanum": "kxq",
"Soli": "sby",
"Somba-Siawari": "bmu",
"Sonde": "shc",
"Songlai Chin": "csj",
"Songoora": "sod",
"Sonha": "soi",
"Sonia": "siq",
"Soo": "teu",
"Sop": "urw",
"Sorothaptic": "sxo",
"Sota Kanum": "krz",
"Sou": "sqq",
"South Fali": "fal",
"South Giziga": "giz",
"South Lembata": "lmf",
"South Muyu": "kts",
"South Nuaulu": "nxl",
"South Ucayali Ashéninka": "cpy",
"Southern Birifor": "biv",
"Southern Dagaare": "dga",
"Southern Kissi": "kss",
"Southern Lorung": "lrr",
"Southern Rengma Naga": "nre",
"Southern Samo": "sbd",
"Southern Tiwa": "tix",
"Spiti Bhoti": "spt",
"Stau": "ero-tau",
"Stod Bhoti": "sbu",
"Suarmin": "seo",
"Subi": "xsj",
"Subtiaba": "sut",
"Sugut Dusun": "kzs",
"Suma": "sqm",
"Sumariup": "siv",
"Sumtu Chin": "csv",
"Sur": "tdl",
"Suruahá": "swx",
"Suruí": "sru",
"Suruí Do Pará": "mdz",
"Suundi": "sdj",
"Syenara Senoufo": "shz",
"Sácata": "sai-sac",
"Sìcìté Sénoufo": "sep",
"Sô": "sss",
"Tafi": "tcd",
"Tagdal": "tda",
"Tagwana Senoufo": "tgw",
"Tai": "taw",
"Tai Long": "thi",
"Taiap": "gpn",
"Tairuma": "uar",
"Takelma": "tkm",
"Talieng": "tdf",
"Talinga-Bwisi": "tlj",
"Tama (Chad)": "tma",
"Tama (Colombia)": "ten",
"Tamagario": "tcg",
"Tambas": "tdk",
"Tami": "tmy",
"Tamnim Citak": "tml",
"Tampias Lobu": "low",
"Tampulma": "tpm",
"Tanacross": "tcb",
"Tanahmerah": "tcm",
"Tanggu": "tgu",
"Tangoa": "tgp",
"Tanguat": "tbs",
"Tanimbili": "tbe",
"Tanimuca-Retuarã": "tnc",
"Tapachultec": "nai-tap",
"Tar Gula": "kcm",
"Tara Baka": "bdh",
"Tarairiú": "sai-trr",
"Tareng": "tgr",
"Tarjumo": "txj",
"Tarpia": "tpf",
"Tartessian": "txr",
"Taruma": "tdm",
"Tatana": "txx",
"Tataviam": "azc-tat",
"Tauade": "ttd",
"Taulil": "tuh",
"Taungyo": "tco",
"Taupota": "tpa",
"Tawandê": "xtw",
"Taworta": "tbp",
"Tawr Chin": "tcp",
"Tchitchege": "tck",
"Tchumbuli": "bqa",
"Tebul Sign Language": "tsy",
"Tebul Ure Dogon": "dtu",
"Tee": "tkq",
"Tefaro": "tfo",
"Tehit": "kps",
"Tehuelche": "teh",
"Teke-Fuumu": "ifm",
"Teke-Kukuya": "kkw",
"Teke-Laali": "lli",
"Teke-Tsaayi": "tyi",
"Tela-Masbuar": "tvm",
"Tem": "kdh",
"Teme": "tdo",
"Temein": "teq",
"Ten'edn": "tnz",
"Tene Kan Dogon": "dtk",
"Tenggarong Kutai Malay": "vkt",
"Teor": "tev",
"Tepo Krumen": "ted",
"Terei": "buo",
"Teressa": "tef",
"Terik": "tec",
"Ternateño": "tmg",
"Tese": "keg",
"Teshenawa": "twc",
"Tetete": "teb",
"Teushen": "sai-teu",
"Tha": "thy",
"Thachanadan": "thn",
"Thado Chin": "tcz",
"Thaiphum Chin": "cth",
"Thangal Naga": "nki",
"Thangmi": "thf",
"Thawa": "xtv",
"Thurawal": "tbh",
"Thuri": "thu",
"Tiale": "mnl",
"Tibea": "ngy",
"Tiemacèwè Bozo": "boo",
"Tiene": "tii",
"Tifal": "tif",
"Tigak": "tgc",
"Tikar": "tik",
"Tillamook": "til",
"Tilung": "tij",
"Timbe": "tim",
"Timucua": "tjm",
"Tingui-Boto": "tgv",
"Tinigua": "tit",
"Tinoc Kallahan": "tne",
"Tinputz": "tpz",
"Tipai": "nai-tip",
"Tippera": "tpe",
"Tira": "tic",
"Tiranige Diga Dogon": "tde",
"Tiri": "cir",
"Tita": "tdq",
"Tiéfo": "tiq",
"Tiéyaxo Bozo": "boz",
"Tjurruru": "tju",
"Tlahuica": "ocu",
"To": "toz",
"Toba-Maskoy": "tmf",
"Tobanga": "tng",
"Tobo": "tbv",
"Tofanma": "tlg",
"Tofin Gbe": "tfi",
"Togbo-Vara Banda": "tor",
"Togoyo": "tgy",
"Toka-Leya": "dov",
"Tokano": "zuh",
"Tolowa": "tol",
"Toma": "tod",
"Tommeginne": "xpv",
"Tommo So": "dto",
"Tomo Kan Dogon": "dtm",
"Tongwe": "tny",
"Tonjon": "tjn",
"Toogee": "xpx",
"Toposa": "toq",
"Toram": "trj",
"Torau": "ttu",
"Toro So Dogon": "dts",
"Toro Tegu Dogon": "dtt",
"Toromono": "tno",
"Torá": "trz",
"Touo": "tqu",
"Toura": "neb",
"Towei": "ttn",
"Tremembé": "tme",
"Tring": "tgq",
"Tringgus": "trx",
"Trinitario": "trn",
"Tsaangi": "tsa",
"Tsakwambo": "kvz",
"Tsetsaut": "txc",
"Tshwa": "hio",
"Tsikimba": "kdl",
"Tsishingini": "tsw",
"Tsogo": "tsv",
"Tsotsitaal": "fly",
"Tsum": "ttz",
"Tsuvan": "tsh",
"Tswa": "tsc",
"Tswapong": "two",
"Tugun": "tzn",
"Tukumanféd": "tkf",
"Tulehu": "tlu",
"Tulishi": "tey",
"Tumak": "tmc",
"Tumi": "kku",
"Tumtum": "tbr",
"Tunggare": "trt",
"Tunia": "tug",
"Tunumiisut": "esx-tut",
"Tunzu": "dza",
"Tuotomb": "ttf",
"Turaka": "trh",
"Turdulian": "mis-tdl",
"Turi": "trd",
"Turumsa": "tqm",
"Tutsa Naga": "tvt",
"Tuxináwa": "tux",
"Twendi": "twn",
"Tyaraity": "woa",
"Tyerrernotepanner": "xph",
"Tây Bồi": "tas",
"Téén": "lor",
"Ubaghara": "byc",
"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka": "cpb",
"Ukaan": "kcf",
"Ukpe-Bayobiri": "ukp",
"Ukpet-Ehom": "akd",
"Ukue": "uku",
"Ukuriguma": "ukg",
"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni": "ukw",
"Ullatan": "ull",
"Uma' Lasan": "xky",
"Uma' Lung": "ulu",
"Umanakaina": "gdn",
"Umbindhamu": "umd",
"Umbugarla": "umr",
"Umbuygamu": "umg",
"Umiida": "xud",
"Umon": "umm",
"Unggaranggu": "xun",
"Unggumi": "xgu",
"Uni": "uni",
"Unubahe": "unu",
"Uokha": "uok",
"Upper Tanana": "tau",
"Upper Taromi": "tov",
"Upper Umpqua": "xup",
"Ura (New Guinea)": "uro",
"Ura (Vanuatu)": "uur",
"Uradhi": "urf",
"Uri": "uvh",
"Urigina": "urg",
"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin": "upv",
"Urningangg": "urc",
"Uru-Pa-In": "urp",
"Uruangnirin": "urn",
"Usaghade": "usk",
"Uspanteco": "usp",
"Usui": "usi",
"Utarmbung": "omo",
"Uvbie": "evh",
"Uwinymil": "aus-uwi",
"Uya": "usu",
"Uzekwe": "eze",
"Vagla": "vag",
"Vaiphei": "vap",
"Vale": "vae",
"Vamale": "mkt",
"Vame": "mlr",
"Vanji": "ira-wnj",
"Vanuma": "vau",
"Vao": "vao",
"Vayu": "vay",
"Vehes": "val",
"Vemgo-Mabas": "vem",
"Vidunda": "vid",
"Viemo": "vig",
"Vishavan": "vis",
"Vitou": "vto",
"Viya": "gev",
"Wabo": "wbb",
"Waci Gbe": "wci",
"Waikuri": "nai-wai",
"Waima'a": "wmh",
"Wainumá": "awd-wai",
"Waitaká": "sai-wai",
"Wala": "lgl",
"Walangama": "nlw",
"Wam": "wmo",
"Wamas": "wmc",
"Wambule": "wme",
"Wamey": "cou",
"Wampar": "lbq",
"Wancho": "nnp",
"Wandji": "wdd",
"Wangkumara": "xwk",
"Warwar Feni": "hrw",
"Watakataui": "wtk",
"Watam": "wax",
"Wayanad Chetti": "ctt",
"Wayumará": "sai-way",
"Weliki": "klh",
"West Ambae": "nnd",
"West Central Banda": "bbp",
"West Lembata": "lmj",
"West-Central Limba": "lia",
"Western Krahn": "krw",
"Western Xwla Gbe": "xwl",
"Wewaw": "wea",
"Wik-Iiyanh": "wij",
"Wik-Keyangan": "wif",
"Wintu": "wnw",
"Winyé": "kst",
"Wiraféd": "wir",
"Wiwa": "mbp",
"Wogamusin": "wog",
"Wogeo": "woc",
"Wolani": "wod",
"Womo": "wmx",
"Wong-gie": "aus-won",
"Woria": "wor",
"Worodougou": "jud",
"Woun Meu": "noa",
"Wurrugu": "wur",
"Wára": "tci",
"Wãpha": "juw",
"Wè Northern": "wob",
"Wè Southern": "gxx",
"Wè Western": "wec",
"Xamtanga": "xan",
"Xinca": "xin",
"Xipaya": "xiy",
"Xiri": "xii",
"Xocó": "sai-xoc",
"Xwela Gbe": "xwe",
"Yaaku": "muu",
"Yabaâna": "ybn",
"Yaben": "ybm",
"Yabong": "ybo",
"Yace": "ekr",
"Yagwoia": "ygw",
"Yahadian": "ner",
"Yahuna": "ynu",
"Yakaikeke": "ykk",
"Yalakalore": "xyl",
"Yamap": "ymp",
"Yamben": "ynb",
"Yambes": "ymb",
"Yameo": "yme",
"Yamongeri": "ymg",
"Yamphu": "ybi",
"Yan-nhangu": "jay",
"Yanda Dogon": "dym",
"Yangkam": "bsx",
"Yango": "yng",
"Yangulam": "ynl",
"Yangum Dey": "yde",
"Yangum Gel": "ygl",
"Yangum Mon": "ymo",
"Yansi": "yns",
"Yao (South America)": "sai-yao",
"Yaosakor Asmat": "asy",
"Yarawata": "yrw",
"Yaroamë": "yro",
"Yavitero": "yvt",
"Yawarawarga": "yww",
"Yaweyuha": "yby",
"Yawijibaya": "jbw",
"Yawiyo": "ybx",
"Yeretuar": "gop",
"Yessan-Mayo": "yss",
"Yimchungru Naga": "yim",
"Yinbaw Karen": "kvu",
"Yinchia": "yin",
"Yindjilandji": "yil",
"Yintale Karen": "kvy",
"Yirandali": "ljw",
"Yitha Yitha": "xth",
"Yocoboué Dida": "gud",
"Yom": "pil",
"Yongkom": "yon",
"Yout Wam": "ytw",
"Yuanga": "nua",
"Yukuben": "ybl",
"Yumana": "awd-yum",
"Yurutí": "yui",
"Yuwana": "yau",
"Zan Gula": "zna",
"Zayein Karen": "kxk",
"Zayse-Zergulla": "zay",
"Zeem": "zua",
"Zeme Naga": "nzm",
"Zemgalian": "xzm",
"Zhire": "zhi",
"Zhoa": "zhw",
"Zhár": "jjr",
"Zire": "sih",
"Zumaya": "zuy",
"Zyphe": "zyp",
"ǁGana": "gnk",
"ǁXegwi": "xeg",
"丁卡語": "din",
"丁語": "diz",
"丁邦語": "dii",
"三描語": "xsb",
"三鄉話": "nan-zsh",
"上京那巴當岸語": "dmg",
"上侯語": "scg",
"上內卡克薩托托納克語": "tku",
"上卡斯科奎姆語": "kuu",
"上古努比亞語": "onw",
"上古匈牙利語": "ohu",
"上古孟語": "omx",
"上古布列塔尼語": "obt",
"上古康沃爾語": "oco",
"上古日語": "ojp",
"上古曼尼普爾語": "omp",
"上古朝鮮語": "oko",
"上古格魯吉亞語": "oge",
"上古泰米爾語": "oty",
"上古漢語": "och",
"上古米底語": "xme-old",
"上古緬甸語": "obr",
"上古馬拉地語": "omr",
"上大峽谷達尼語": "dna",
"上奇黑利斯語": "cjh",
"上寨語": "jih",
"上索布語": "hsb",
"上達渥語": "tth",
"下塔納納語": "taa",
"下大峽谷達尼語": "dni",
"下奇黑利斯語": "cea",
"下索布語": "dsb",
"下諾索布語": "nsb",
"下達渥語": "tto",
"世俗埃及語": "egx-dem",
"世界語": "eo",
"丘赫語": "cac",
"丘魯亞語": "sai-chu",
"中世紀西班牙語": "osp",
"中俄混合語": "crp-cpr",
"中北部米塞語": "neq",
"中南丁卡語": "dib",
"中南部班達語": "lnl",
"中卡加延阿埃塔語": "agt",
"中古亞美尼亞語": "axm",
"中古低地德語": "gml",
"中古卡納達語": "dra-mkn",
"中古古吉拉特語": "inc-mgu",
"中古奧里亞語": "inc-mor",
"中古威爾士語": "wlm",
"中古孟加拉語": "inc-mbn",
"中古孟語": "mkh-mmn",
"中古尼瓦爾語": "nwx",
"中古布列塔尼語": "xbm",
"中古康沃爾語": "cnx",
"中古愛爾蘭語": "mga",
"中古挪威語": "gmq-mno",
"中古朝鮮語": "okm",
"中古法語": "frm",
"中古波斯語": "pal",
"中古漢語": "ltc",
"中古米底語": "xme-mid",
"中古英語": "enm",
"中古荷蘭語": "dum",
"中古蒙古語": "xng",
"中古藏語": "otb",
"中古蘇格蘭語": "gmw-msc",
"中古越南語": "mkh-mvi",
"中古阿薩姆語": "inc-mas",
"中古高地德語": "gmh",
"中古高棉語": "xhm",
"中國手語": "csl",
"中塔拉烏馬拉語": "tar",
"中塔格巴努瓦語": "tgt",
"中墨儂語": "cmo",
"中大峽谷達尼語": "dnt",
"中奧吉布瓦語": "ojc",
"中奧尤語": "awu",
"中尼科巴語": "ncb",
"中巴拉望語": "plc",
"中帕梅語": "pbs",
"中庫爾德語": "ckb",
"中普埃布拉納瓦特爾語": "ncx",
"中曼西語": "mns-cen",
"中東部德語": "gmw-ecg",
"中格雷博語": "grv",
"中比科爾語": "bcl",
"中波莫語": "poo",
"中烏瓦語": "tuf",
"中瓦圖特語": "mpl",
"中瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語": "nch",
"中納瓦特爾語": "nhn",
"中臘羅語": "ywt",
"中薩馬語": "sml",
"中蘇巴農語": "syb",
"中西伯利亞尤皮克語": "ess",
"中邦托克語": "lbk",
"中部山地米沃克語": "csm",
"中部惠水苗語": "hmc",
"中部杜順語": "dtp",
"中部法蘭克尼亞語": "gmw-cfr",
"中部白語": "bca",
"中部麻山苗語": "hmm",
"中阿拉斯加尤皮克語": "esu",
"中阿斯馬特語": "cns",
"中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語": "tzm",
"中馬來語": "pse",
"中馬塞拉語": "mxz",
"中馬薩瓦語": "maz",
"中馬蘭諾語": "mel",
"丹古語": "dhg",
"丹基語": "dhn",
"丹尼語": "dny",
"丹比語": "dac",
"丹語": "dnj",
"丹貝拉斯語": "dms",
"丹貝阿語": "duf",
"丹麥手語": "dsl",
"丹麥語": "da",
"乍得手語": "cds",
"乍得阿拉伯語": "shu",
"乙斯語": "yis",
"乙爾語": "yll",
"也門阿拉伯語": "ayn",
"于默薩米語": "sju",
"互助土族語": "mjg-mgl",
"五屯話": "wuh",
"亞他-馬諾博語": "atd",
"亞倫卡語": "yal",
"亞加拉語": "yxg",
"亞加里阿語": "ygr",
"亞卡語": "yaf",
"亞古阿語": "yad",
"亞坎語": "yka",
"亞基語": "yaq",
"亞基馬語": "yak",
"亞夏尼加語": "cni",
"亞姆巴語": "yam",
"亞巴拉納語": "yar",
"亞布拉亞布拉語": "yxy",
"亞戈米語": "ygm",
"亞拉姆語": "arc",
"亞拉巴馬語": "akz",
"亞拉拉格薩波特克語": "zpu",
"亞拉語": "yba",
"亞捫語": "sem-amm",
"亞摩利語": "sem-amo",
"亞斯語": "asz",
"亞本連埃塔語": "abp",
"亞松森-米斯特佩克薩波特克語": "zoo",
"亞查奇薩波特克語": "zav",
"亞泰語": "yty",
"亞濟瓦科米語": "urj-kya",
"亞烏特佩克薩波特克語": "zpb",
"亞爾利語": "yxl",
"亞班永語": "abm",
"亞瓦拉比其語": "yaw",
"亞科馬語": "yky",
"亞米納瓦語": "yaa",
"亞納語": "ynn",
"亞罕語": "agq",
"亞美尼亞手語": "aen",
"亞美尼亞語": "hy",
"亞菲語": "wfg",
"亞萊巴語": "ylb",
"亞萊語": "nce",
"亞蒂薩波特克語": "zty",
"亞薩語": "yko",
"亞蘭加語": "ylr",
"亞諾馬姆語": "wca",
"亞諾馬米語": "guu",
"亞述新亞拉姆語": "aii",
"亞里語": "yri",
"亞阿語": "iyx",
"亞雷尼薩波特克語": "zae",
"亞馬他拉語": "amx",
"亞魯馬語": "sai-yar",
"亞齊語": "ace",
"亢語": "khi-kun",
"亨多語": "soe",
"什魯克語": "shk",
"仆拉語": "yip",
"他加祿語": "tl",
"他文語": "thm",
"他留語": "yta",
"仡隆語": "cuq",
"代那安那語": "tfn",
"代里巴塔克語": "btd",
"以東語": "xdm",
"以色列手語": "isr",
"仫佬語": "mlm",
"仲語": "cog",
"伊-瓦克語": "iwk",
"伊亞尤語": "iya",
"伊什卡什米語": "isk",
"伊克波索語": "kpo",
"伊克西爾語": "ixl",
"伊克語": "ikx",
"伊內塞諾語": "inz",
"伊內布-奧內語": "oin",
"伊利亞農-馬諾博語": "mbi",
"伊利米語": "xly",
"伊利里亞語": "xil",
"伊加拉語": "igl",
"伊加納語": "igg",
"伊努皮克語": "ik",
"伊博科語": "bkp",
"伊博語": "ig",
"伊卡利語": "ekg",
"伊卡蘭加爾語": "ikr",
"伊卡語": "ikk",
"伊哈語": "ihp",
"伊圭語": "igw",
"伊基托語": "iqu",
"伊基祖語": "ikz",
"伊塔維特語": "itv",
"伊塞基里語": "its",
"伊塞貝語": "igo",
"伊多語": "io",
"伊多馬語": "idu",
"伊奎勒語": "ikw",
"伊宗語": "ijc",
"伊寧蓋語": "ygi",
"伊尼亞帕里語": "inp",
"伊崩語": "txi",
"伊巴丹語": "ivb",
"伊巴尼語": "iby",
"伊巴洛伊語": "ibl",
"伊巴納格語": "ibg",
"伊布奧羅語": "ibr",
"伊布語": "ibu",
"伊帕拉帕阿穆茲戈語": "azm",
"伊庫盧語": "ikl",
"伊德薩語": "ids",
"伊德雷語": "ide",
"伊意維語": "uiv",
"伊戈語": "ahl",
"伊托納馬語": "ito",
"伊拉亞山阿埃塔語": "atl",
"伊拉努語": "ill",
"伊拉庫語": "irk",
"伊拉語": "ilb",
"伊拉雅語": "iry",
"伊拉魯圖語": "irh",
"伊捷爾緬語": "itl",
"伊斯卡特蘭馬薩特克語": "mzi",
"伊斯卡特語": "ixc",
"伊斯坦科奧托米語": "otz",
"伊斯塔尤特拉米斯特克語": "vmj",
"伊斯奈語": "inn",
"伊斯孔納瓦語": "isc",
"伊斯拉瓦語": "srl",
"伊斯特拉語": "ist",
"伊斯特羅-羅馬尼亞語": "ruo",
"伊斯納格語": "isd",
"伊普馬語": "byr",
"伊杜納語": "viv",
"伊桑朱語": "isn",
"伊桑語": "tts",
"伊比利亞語": "xib",
"伊比利吉普賽語": "rmq",
"伊比比奧語": "ibb",
"伊比諾語": "ibn",
"伊沃姆語": "gek",
"伊波羅語": "ass",
"伊洛卡諾語": "ilo",
"伊澤雷語": "izr",
"伊烏爾語": "iwo",
"伊爾-約龍特語": "yiy",
"伊爾加爾語": "ilg",
"伊爾瓦納語": "mlk",
"伊爾語": "irr",
"伊特內語": "ite",
"伊特扎語": "itz",
"伊特拉斯坎語": "ett",
"伊特格哈語": "ydg",
"伊特里語": "itr",
"伊班語": "iba",
"伊瓦加語": "ibd",
"伊瓦姆語": "iwm",
"伊瓦爾語": "kbm",
"伊當語": "idc",
"伊皮利語": "ipi",
"伊皮科語": "ipo",
"伊福語": "iff",
"伊科語": "iki",
"伊科馬語": "ntk",
"伊約語": "nca",
"伊納里薩米語": "smn",
"伊索科語": "iso",
"伊萊阿佩語": "ila",
"伊萬特語": "ivv",
"伊蒂克語": "itx",
"伊蒙達語": "imn",
"伊蓋德語": "ige",
"伊薩卡語": "ksi",
"伊薩比語": "isa",
"伊薩羅格阿埃塔語": "agk",
"伊蘇利亞語": "mis-isa",
"伊蘇布語": "szv",
"伊蘭謝語": "irn",
"伊諾凱-亞特語": "ino",
"伊諾爾語": "ior",
"伊費語": "ife",
"伊農罕語": "loc",
"伊迪語": "idi",
"伊通杜希亞米斯特克語": "mce",
"伊達安語": "dbj",
"伊里加山阿埃塔語": "agz",
"伊里加比科拉諾語": "bto",
"伊闊語": "iqw",
"伊隆戈語": "ilk",
"伊馬斯語": "yee",
"伊魯拉語": "iru",
"伊齊語": "izz",
"伍利伍利語": "wlu",
"伍勒納語": "wux",
"伍姆博科語": "bqm",
"伍希語": "bse",
"伍杜語": "wud",
"伍武盧-阿瓦語": "wuv",
"伍爾古魯語": "aus-wul",
"伍通語": "wut",
"伏爾加德語": "gmw-vog",
"伏納普語": "vnp",
"休休尼語": "shh",
"休語": "hiw",
"伯利茲克里奧爾語": "bzj",
"伯塔維語": "bew",
"伯拉萬語": "lod",
"伯比斯克里奧爾荷蘭語": "brc",
"伽耶語": "zra",
"伽萊基亞語": "cel-gal",
"低地塔拉烏馬拉語": "tac",
"低地德語": "nds",
"低地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語": "clo",
"低地蘇格蘭語": "sco",
"佐通語": "czt",
"佐齊爾語": "tzo",
"佛得角克里奧爾語": "kea",
"佛教克木語": "khf",
"佛羅語": "vro",
"佛蘭德手語": "vgt",
"佤語": "wbm",
"佩切涅格語": "xpc",
"佩勒-阿塔語": "ata",
"佩勒內阿舍寧卡語": "prq",
"佩卡爾語": "pel",
"佩喬語": "pey",
"佩塔帕薩波特克語": "zpe",
"佩塔茨語": "pex",
"佩姆語": "pym",
"佩爾切語": "pue",
"佩茨語": "pay",
"佩萊語": "wet",
"佩蒙語": "aoc",
"佩語": "ppq",
"佩諾布斯科特語": "aaq",
"佩諾爾斯米斯特克語": "mil",
"佩里庫語": "nai-per",
"佯僙語": "tct",
"佳僚語": "kly",
"佳里其阿納語": "ktn",
"依利翁語": "ilu",
"依汪都語": "ewo",
"依蒂尼語": "yii",
"俄羅斯手語": "rsl",
"俄語": "ru",
"保加利亞手語": "bqn",
"保加利亞語": "bg",
"保加爾語": "xbo",
"保坎語": "bnb",
"保安語": "peh",
"保洛希語": "plh",
"保納卡語": "pnk",
"信德比爾語": "sbn",
"信德語": "sd",
"修納語": "sn",
"修道院手語": "mzg",
"俾路支語": "bal",
"倉洛語": "tsj",
"倫巴底語": "lmo",
"倫布語": "lup",
"倫杰語": "leh",
"倫比語": "lum",
"倫皮語": "rmp",
"倫考語": "ler",
"倫貝納語": "leq",
"倫迪勒語": "rel",
"倮倮潑語": "ycl",
"健馱邏語": "pgd",
"傈僳語": "lis",
"傑努庫魯姆巴語": "xuj",
"傑卡提語": "jat",
"傑納馬博佐語": "bze",
"傑魯語": "akj",
"傣亮語": "tyr",
"傣仂語": "khb",
"傣來語": "tjl",
"傣允語": "yno",
"傣包語": "thc",
"傣奈語": "tmm",
"傣端語": "twh",
"傣約語": "tyj",
"傣納語": "tdd",
"傣艮語": "kkh",
"傣雅語": "cuu",
"傣黯語": "blt",
"僥語": "nyw",
"僧加羅語": "si",
"儂壯語": "zhn",
"儂語": "nut",
"優拉語": "mts",
"優諾語": "buh",
"克丘亞語": "qu",
"克亞加納語": "kyg",
"克什米爾語": "ks",
"克佩列語": "kpe",
"克佩西語": "kef",
"克列克語": "krk",
"克列赫語": "xke",
"克勒納克語": "kqq",
"克勒語": "sbc",
"克勞爾語": "rka",
"克勞語": "cro",
"克奧語": "xxk",
"克寧賈爾語": "knl",
"克帕古阿語": "kuw",
"克帕拉語": "kpl",
"克帕蒂利語": "kym",
"克帕蒂語": "koc",
"克年語": "pnx",
"克拉勒姆語": "clm",
"克拉奇語": "kye",
"克拉沃語": "xra",
"克拉語": "kcl",
"克拉馬斯語": "kla",
"克文語": "fkv",
"克普朗語": "kph",
"克木語": "kjg",
"克林貢語": "tlh",
"克沃馬語": "kmo",
"克派納拉索克語": "zoc",
"克潘語": "kpk",
"克烏魯語": "xeu",
"克爾曼語": "xme-ker",
"克特拉尼語": "xhe",
"克瓦亞語": "kya",
"克瓦克語": "kwq",
"克瓦庫姆語": "kwu",
"克瓦托語": "kop",
"克瓦森根語": "wos",
"克瓦語": "bko",
"克瓦迪語": "kwz",
"克立新機尼語": "asg",
"克納蒂語": "gat",
"克羅地亞手語": "csq",
"克羅布語": "kxb",
"克羅斯河姆邊貝語": "mfn",
"克羅語": "jkr",
"克萬加語": "kwj",
"克萬加里語": "kwn",
"克蔑語": "kfj",
"克赫赫克語": "tlx",
"克那博依語": "xbn",
"克里克語": "mus",
"克里姆查克語": "jct",
"克里米亞哥特語": "gme-cgo",
"克里米亞韃靼語": "crh",
"克里茨語": "kry",
"克里語": "cr",
"克里阿卡語": "kjx",
"克雷塔羅奧托米語": "otq",
"克雷沃語": "kxz",
"克雷溫語": "zkv",
"克雷維語": "ked",
"克雷耶語": "xre",
"克馬克語": "kem",
"克騰班語": "xte",
"克龍戈語": "kgo",
"內富沙語": "jbn",
"內得邦語": "nec",
"內志阿拉伯語": "ars",
"內格拉山區納瓦特爾語": "nsu",
"內法語": "nef",
"八丈語": "jpx-hcj",
"八重山語": "rys",
"冉姆彼語": "lje",
"冰島手語": "icl",
"冰島語": "is",
"凍原埃涅茨語": "enh",
"凍原涅涅茨語": "yrk-tun",
"凡那伽羅語": "fng",
"凡雅語": "fni",
"凱克奇語": "kek",
"凱克語": "kzq",
"凱利科語": "kbo",
"凱博博語": "kzb",
"凱埃普語": "kbw",
"凱塔格語": "xdq",
"凱帕拉語": "khz",
"凱恩語": "bmh",
"凱拉克語": "ckr",
"凱斯語": "kzm",
"凱梅宗語": "dmo",
"凱爾特伊比利亞語": "xce",
"凱特語": "ket",
"凱米薩米語": "sjk",
"凱約語": "eyo",
"凱迪邦語": "kzp",
"凱達格蘭語": "kae",
"凱里魯語": "kxa",
"切克霍羅語": "mrn",
"切巴拉塞諾福語": "sef",
"切彭語": "cdm",
"切皮亞語": "ycp",
"切羅基語": "chr",
"列多-凱利語": "lew",
"列茲金語": "lez",
"別日塔語": "kap",
"利亞布庫語": "lix",
"利亞納-塞蒂語": "ste",
"利什語": "lsh",
"利伯尼亞語": "xli",
"利勞語": "lll",
"利卡語": "lik",
"利古里亞語": "lij",
"利古里達朱語": "liu",
"利圭語": "iri",
"利基語": "lio",
"利塞拉語": "lcl",
"利夸拉語": "kwc",
"利姆尼亞語": "xle",
"利富語": "dhv",
"利希爾語": "lih",
"利庫姆語": "lib",
"利攀語": "apl",
"利格比語": "lig",
"利比亞手語": "lbs",
"利比亞阿拉伯語": "ayl",
"利比多語": "liq",
"利比里亞克佩列語": "xpe",
"利比里亞克里奧爾語": "lir",
"利洛厄特語": "lil",
"利米爾甘語": "lmc",
"利維卡累利阿語": "olo",
"利莫斯卡林阿語": "kmk",
"利邦比科爾語": "lbl",
"利馬薩語": "bme",
"前薩莫奈語": "itc-psa",
"剛果語": "kg",
"加伊爾語": "gyl",
"加利西亞語": "gl",
"加加杜語": "gbu",
"加勒比印度斯坦語": "hns",
"加勒比爪哇語": "jvn",
"加勒比語": "car",
"加勞語": "kyj",
"加厄當語": "gdg",
"加告茲語": "gag",
"加喜特語": "mis-kas",
"加姆語": "tbi",
"加巴迪語": "kbt",
"加帕派瓦語": "pwg",
"加德當語": "gad",
"加德蘇普語": "gaj",
"加德語": "ged",
"加拉加迪語": "xkv",
"加拉提亞語": "xga",
"加拉瓦語": "wrk",
"加拉畢語": "kzi",
"加拿逸語": "kxn",
"加族語": "gaa",
"加林巴爾語": "xgi",
"加林迪亞語": "xgl",
"加比語": "gbw",
"加法特語": "gft",
"加泰羅尼亞手語": "csc",
"加泰羅尼亞語": "ca",
"加洛利語": "gal",
"加洛瓦語": "anq",
"加爾華利語": "gbm",
"加瓦克語": "dmc",
"加瓦爾-巴蒂語": "gwt",
"加瓦爾語": "gou",
"加當語": "gdk",
"加盧拉語": "sdn",
"加約語": "gay",
"加納手語": "gse",
"加維昂語": "gvp",
"加羅林語": "cal",
"加羅語": "roa-gal",
"加肖伍語": "yok-gsy",
"加茂語": "jio",
"加萊亞語": "gar",
"加諾威語": "kxo",
"加農加語": "ghn",
"加達梅斯語": "gha",
"加里富納語": "cab",
"加里布納語": "kmv",
"加里里語": "kzw",
"加阿語": "ttb",
"加雅維語": "bmk",
"加馬爾卡姆語": "kgj",
"加馬魯語": "kgx",
"加魯斯語": "gyb",
"努佩語": "nup",
"努內語": "nhu",
"努卡克馬庫語": "mbr",
"努古里亞語": "nur",
"努埃爾語": "nus",
"努基尼語": "nuc",
"努巴查語": "baf",
"努庫努爾語": "xnu",
"努庫奧羅語": "nkr",
"努庫馬努語": "nuq",
"努恩語": "snf",
"努梅埃語": "kdk",
"努比因語": "fia",
"努比語": "kcn",
"努波伊維托托語": "hux",
"努特卡語": "nuk",
"努米底亞": "nxm",
"努芒岡語": "nop",
"努語": "ngh",
"勃拉語": "bnp",
"勃歐語": "blk",
"勃爾語": "bvf",
"勃艮第語": "roa-brg",
"勉語": "ium",
"勒勒米語": "lef",
"勒勒語 (剛果)": "lel",
"勒勒語 (幾內亞)": "llc",
"勒勒語 (新幾內亞)": "lle",
"勒勒語 (查德)": "lln",
"勒姆邦語": "reb",
"勒姜語": "rej",
"勒曼語": "rmx",
"勒期語": "lsi",
"勒沃托比語": "lwt",
"勒蒂語": "lti",
"勞倫特語": "lre",
"勞圖欽語": "clt",
"勞拉語": "lur",
"勞捷語": "law",
"勞語": "llu",
"勾克語": "tbq-gkh",
"勿董-勿董語": "bdx",
"包利雅語": "bge",
"包瓦基語": "bwk",
"包雷語": "brg",
"匈人語": "xhc",
"匈奴語": "mis-xnu",
"匈牙利手語": "hsh",
"匈牙利語": "hu",
"北侗語": "doc",
"北加勒語": "ghh",
"北努尼語": "nuv",
"北卡坦端內斯比科拉諾語": "cts",
"北卡拉普亞語": "nrt",
"北圖斯亞語": "tsp",
"北坦納語": "tnn",
"北埃法特語": "llp",
"北塔拉烏馬拉語": "thh",
"北塔穹語": "ttm",
"北塞爾庫普語": "sel-nor",
"北大年馬來語": "mfa",
"北奄美大島語": "ryn",
"北奧內語": "onr",
"北奧尤語": "yir",
"北奧龍尼語": "cst",
"北安布里姆語": "mmg",
"北尤卡吉爾語": "ykg",
"北尼蘇語": "yiv",
"北山谷約庫特語": "yok-nvy",
"北巴巴爾語": "bcd",
"北帕梅語": "pmq",
"北帝東語": "ntd",
"北庫爾德語": "kmr",
"北弗里斯蘭語": "frr",
"北恩德貝勒語": "nd",
"北恩班迪語": "ngb",
"北恩貝拉語": "emp",
"北拉格萊語": "rog",
"北摩鹿加馬來語": "max",
"北撒哈拉柏柏爾語": "mzb",
"北斯拉維語": "scs",
"北普埃布拉納瓦特爾語": "ncj",
"北普米語": "pmi",
"北曼西語": "mns-nor",
"北木吉語": "ymx",
"北格雷博語": "gbo",
"北桑海語": "twq",
"北波克倫語": "pww",
"北波莫語": "pej",
"北泰羅拉語": "tbg",
"北派伍特語": "pao",
"北海達語": "hdn",
"北漢特語": "kca-nor",
"北特佩瓦語": "ntp",
"北特拉夏科米斯特克語": "xtn",
"北瓦哈卡納瓦特爾語": "nhy",
"北瓦圖特語": "una",
"北瓦赫吉語": "whg",
"北甘馬粦阿埃塔語": "abd",
"北皮賽恩語": "nrp",
"北盧里語": "lrc",
"北索托語": "nso",
"北羌語": "cng",
"北美索不達米亞阿拉伯語": "ayp",
"北薩米語": "se",
"北蘇巴農語": "stb",
"北辛德科語": "hno",
"北邦托克語": "rbk",
"北部土家語": "tji",
"北部山地米沃克語": "nsq",
"北部平話": "cnp",
"北部惠水苗語": "hmi",
"北部杜剛貝西語": "khc",
"北部東克里語": "crl",
"北部泰語": "nod",
"北部特克語": "teg",
"北部白語": "bfc",
"北部貴陽苗語": "huj",
"北部高棉語": "kxm",
"北部麻山苗語": "hmp",
"北部黔東苗語": "hea",
"北阿爾塔語": "aqn",
"北阿爾泰語": "atv",
"北馬克薩斯語": "mrq",
"北黎凡特阿拉伯語": "apc",
"千里達及托巴哥手語": "lst",
"卑南語": "pyu",
"卓尼語": "cda",
"卓米語": "zom",
"南侗語": "kmc",
"南倮倮潑語": "ysp",
"南加勒語": "ghe",
"南努尼語": "nnw",
"南博博語": "bwq",
"南博馬語": "bnt-sbo",
"南卡坦端內斯比科爾語": "bln",
"南卡拉普亞語": "sxk",
"南卡林阿語": "ksc",
"南圖斯亞語": "wib",
"南埃法特語": "erk",
"南基瓦伊語": "kjd",
"南塔穹語": "tce",
"南塞爾庫普語": "sel-sou",
"南墨儂語": "mnn",
"南奄美大島語": "ams",
"南奧內語": "osu",
"南奧尤語": "aws",
"南奧龍尼語": "css",
"南安加爾語": "aoe",
"南尤卡吉爾語": "yux",
"南尼科巴語": "nik",
"南尼蘇語": "nsd",
"南山谷約庫特語": "yok-svy",
"南島馬里語": "hob",
"南帕梅語": "pmz",
"南帝東語": "itd",
"南庫爾德語": "sdh",
"南恩德貝勒語": "nr",
"南恩班迪語": "nbw",
"南拉格萊語": "rgs",
"南斯拉夫手語": "ysl",
"南斯拉維語": "xsl",
"南普埃布拉米斯特克語": "mit",
"南普米語": "pmj",
"南曼西語": "mns-sou",
"南木吉語": "ymc",
"南林松薩波特克語": "zsr",
"南格雷博語": "grj",
"南比夸拉語": "nab",
"南比語": "mty",
"南波莫語": "peq",
"南泰羅拉語": "omw",
"南海達語": "hax",
"南漢特語": "kca-sou",
"南瓦圖特語": "mcy",
"南皮賽恩語": "spx",
"南盧里語": "luz",
"南羌語": "qxs",
"南蒂科克語": "nnt",
"南薩米語": "sma",
"南薩馬語": "ssb",
"南辛德科語": "hnd",
"南迪語": "niq",
"南達凱爾語": "caf",
"南邁杜語": "nsz",
"南邦托克語": "obk",
"南部土家語": "tjs",
"南部山地米沃克語": "skd",
"南部平話": "csp",
"南部杜剛貝西語": "bhq",
"南部東克里語": "crj",
"南部泰語": "sou",
"南部白語": "bfs",
"南部貴陽苗語": "hmy",
"南部麻山苗語": "hma",
"南部黔東苗語": "hms",
"南阿爾卑斯高盧語": "xlp",
"南阿爾塔語": "agy",
"南阿爾泰語": "alt",
"南阿蘭達語": "axl",
"南非手語": "sfs",
"南非語": "af",
"南馬克薩斯語": "mqm",
"南馬迪語": "snm",
"南黎凡特阿拉伯語": "ajp",
"博伊肯語": "bzf",
"博克伊語": "bky",
"博利瑙語": "smk",
"博利阿語": "bli",
"博加亞語": "boq",
"博博特語": "bty",
"博古魯語": "bqu",
"博嘎爾語": "sit-bok",
"博塞萊瓦語": "bwf",
"博多帕爾賈語": "bdv",
"博多語": "brx",
"博姆語": "bmf",
"博拉克語": "art-blk",
"博拉語": "boa",
"博斯溫語": "bqs",
"博杰普爾語": "bho",
"博格霍姆語": "bux",
"博桑戈阿-葛巴亞語": "gbp",
"博特-邁希語": "bmj",
"博特利赫語": "bph",
"博瓦伊語": "rak",
"博祖姆-葛巴亞語": "gbq",
"博科托語": "bdt",
"博科語": "bqc",
"博穆語": "bmq",
"博米塔巴語": "zmx",
"博羅克語": "trp",
"博羅洛語": "bor",
"博羅語": "xxb",
"博阿齊語": "kvg",
"博隆語": "ksr",
"博雷語": "bol",
"博馬尤穆語": "bnt-boy",
"博馬恩庫語": "bnt-bon",
"博魯卡語": "brn",
"卜多-亞塔語": "atp",
"卜老語": "tsl",
"占巴拉宜安語": "cml",
"占碑馬來語": "jax",
"卡亞帕卡拉漢語": "kak",
"卡亞曼語": "kag",
"卡亞波語": "txu",
"卡伊瓦語": "kgk",
"卡倫邦語": "kli",
"卡倫金語": "kln",
"卡內拉語": "ram",
"卡加揚語": "cgc",
"卡加特語": "syw",
"卡努菲語": "kni",
"卡努語": "khx",
"卡努里語": "kr",
"卡勞語": "ywa",
"卡卓語": "kaf",
"卡博勒-奧內語": "onk",
"卡卡拜語": "kqf",
"卡卡洛斯特佩克米斯特克語": "miu",
"卡古盧語": "kki",
"卡吉威語": "kbc",
"卡唐語": "kgd",
"卡喬語": "xkk",
"卡因貝語": "xai",
"卡坎達語": "kka",
"卡塔威希語": "xat",
"卡塔布語": "kcg",
"卡塔考語": "sai-cat",
"卡塔里亞塔魯語": "tkt",
"卡壤語": "kzr",
"卡多語": "ktp",
"卡夸語": "keo",
"卡奈語": "bbv",
"卡姆卡塔-維利語": "bsh",
"卡姆威語": "hig",
"卡姆巴塔語": "ktb",
"卡姆巴語": "kam",
"卡姆薩語": "kbh",
"卡姆語": "xam",
"卡威沙納語": "awd-kaw",
"卡安巴語": "xku",
"卡寧吉語": "kzo",
"卡寧拉語": "knr",
"卡尤加語": "cay",
"卡尤巴巴語": "cyb",
"卡尤普勞語": "kzu",
"卡尼努瓦語": "wat",
"卡尼卡蘭語": "kev",
"卡尼特語": "kmu",
"卡巴特伊語": "xkp",
"卡巴萊語": "kvf",
"卡布特拉語": "kbu",
"卡布瓦語": "cwa",
"卡布里語": "uka",
"卡布雷語": "awd-cab",
"卡帕多細亞希臘語": "cpg",
"卡平語": "tbx",
"卡平阿馬朗伊語": "kpg",
"卡庫語": "kkj",
"卡延語": "pdu",
"卡恰爾語": "xac",
"卡戈馬語": "kdm",
"卡托巴語": "chc",
"卡托語": "ktw",
"卡拉什瑪語": "ine-kal",
"卡拉什語": "kls",
"卡拉伊姆語": "kdr",
"卡拉加曼達亞語": "mry",
"卡拉卡爾帕克語": "kaa",
"卡拉塔語": "kpt",
"卡拉巴里語": "ijn",
"卡拉布拉語": "kzz",
"卡拉布里亞希臘語": "grk-cal",
"卡拉帕納語": "cbc",
"卡拉恰伊-巴爾卡爾語": "krc",
"卡拉拉高雅語": "mwp",
"卡拉斯語": "kgv",
"卡拉普亞語": "kyl",
"卡拉曼塔語": "crf",
"卡拉爾科語": "kba",
"卡拉瓦亞語": "caw",
"卡拉瓦語": "xrw",
"卡拉甘語": "kqe",
"卡拉米-塔格巴努瓦語": "tbk",
"卡拉米語": "gwc",
"卡拉莫瓊語": "kdj",
"卡拉語 (新幾內亞)": "leu",
"卡拉賈語": "kpj",
"卡拉馬雅語": "lkm",
"卡拜爾語": "kab",
"卡捷語": "kaj",
"卡斯卡語": "kkz",
"卡斯拉梅特語": "nai-kat",
"卡普提奧語": "kbi",
"卡普語": "ykm",
"卡普里曼語": "dju",
"卡杜格利語": "xtc",
"卡杜語": "zkd",
"卡林加里語": "kgn",
"卡查馬-甘朱勒語": "kcx",
"卡比希亞納語": "tup-kab",
"卡比耶語": "kbp",
"卡沙亞語": "kju",
"卡法語": "kbr",
"卡爾卡爾-尤里語": "yuj",
"卡爾尼科巴語": "caq",
"卡爾庫通語": "ktg",
"卡爾托語": "nlx",
"卡爾梅克衛拉特語": "xal",
"卡爾比語": "mjw",
"卡爾科提語": "xka",
"卡片片甘語": "pam",
"卡特卡里語": "kfu",
"卡特拉語": "kcr",
"卡瓦伊蘇語": "xaw",
"卡瓦斯卡爾語": "alc",
"卡皮塞尼奧語": "cps",
"卡盧利語": "bco",
"卡科特語": "byx",
"卡穆希語": "cam",
"卡穆拉語": "xla",
"卡穆語": "xmu",
"卡米拉瑞語": "kld",
"卡米語": "kmi",
"卡納庫魯語": "kna",
"卡納西語": "soq",
"卡納達語": "kn",
"卡累利阿語": "krl",
"卡維內納語": "cav",
"卡維拉語": "chl",
"卡羅來納阿爾岡昆語": "crr",
"卡羅巴塔克語": "btx",
"卡羅語": "kxh",
"卡羅雷語": "xkx",
"卡翁德語": "kqn",
"卡聶特語": "ktk",
"卡舒比語": "csb",
"卡艾拉語": "jka",
"卡芒語": "woi",
"卡莫尼語": "xcc",
"卡莫羅語": "kgq",
"卡莫語": "kcq",
"卡華語": "agw",
"卡蘇阿語": "khs",
"卡蘭加語": "xrq",
"卡蘭卡瓦語": "zkk",
"卡蘭語": "kmh",
"卡西古蘭杜馬加特阿埃塔語": "dgc",
"卡西語": "kha",
"卡貝卡語": "cjp",
"卡賈里語": "xkj",
"卡達拉語": "kad",
"卡達魯語": "kdu",
"卡那卡那富語": "xnb",
"卡那語": "ogo",
"卡那馬里語": "knm",
"卡里亞塔爾語": "ksy",
"卡里亞拉語": "vka",
"卡里亞語": "khr",
"卡里普納語": "kuq",
"卡里艾語": "awd-kar",
"卡阿比語": "kyz",
"卡雅加爾語": "kyt",
"卡雅迪爾特語": "gyd",
"卡雷卡雷語": "kai",
"卡雷語": "kyd",
"卡雷語 (新幾內亞)": "kmf",
"卡雷語 (非洲)": "kbn",
"卡霍諾斯薩波特克語": "zad",
"卡馬利安語": "kzx",
"卡馬坎語": "vkm",
"卡馬尤語": "kyk",
"卡馬幽拉語": "kay",
"卡馬拉語": "jmr",
"卡馬撒烏語": "kms",
"卡馬斯語": "xas",
"卡馬爾語": "keq",
"卡馬薩語": "klp",
"卡馬諾語": "kbq",
"卡魯亞農語": "clu",
"卡魯克語": "kyh",
"印古什語": "inh",
"印地語": "hi",
"印尼巴瑤語": "bdl",
"印尼手語": "inl",
"印尼語": "id",
"印度手語": "ins",
"印度河流域語": "xiv",
"印度河科希斯坦語": "mvy",
"印度葡萄牙語": "idb",
"危地馬拉手語": "gsm",
"卻域語": "qvy",
"厄勒皮語": "ele",
"厄爾克依語": "elk",
"厄特馬因語": "gel",
"厄瓜多爾手語": "ecs",
"原始上克羅斯河語": "nic-ucr-pro",
"原始下克羅斯河語": "nic-lcr-pro",
"原始中-東部馬來-波利尼西亞語": "poz-cet-pro",
"原始中乍得語": "cdc-cbm-pro",
"原始中多哥語": "alv-gtm-pro",
"原始中新南威爾士語": "aus-cww-pro",
"原始中熱語": "sai-cje-pro",
"原始中蘇丹語": "csu-pro",
"原始中達羅毗荼語": "dra-cen-pro",
"原始中那加語": "sit-aao-pro",
"原始乍得語": "cdc-pro",
"原始乙種南達羅毗荼語": "dra-sdt-pro",
"原始亞斯里語": "mkh-asl-pro",
"原始亞美尼亞語": "hyx-pro",
"原始亞非語": "afa-pro",
"原始仡佬語": "qfa-kra-pro",
"原始伊博語": "alv-igb-pro",
"原始伊朗語": "ira-pro",
"原始伊爵語": "ijo-pro",
"原始伊瓦伊賈語": "aus-wdj-pro",
"原始佤德昂語": "mkh-pal-pro",
"原始侗台語": "qfa-tak-pro",
"原始侗水語": "qfa-kms-pro",
"原始克丘亞語": "qwe-pro",
"原始克倫語": "kar-pro",
"原始克木語": "mkh-khm-pro",
"原始克魯語": "kro-pro",
"原始凱爾特語": "cel-pro",
"原始切爾克斯語": "cau-cir-pro",
"原始列茲金語": "cau-lzg-pro",
"原始加勒比語": "sai-car-pro",
"原始努佩語": "alv-nup-pro",
"原始努利斯坦語": "iir-nur-pro",
"原始努姆語": "azc-num-pro",
"原始努比亞語": "nub-pro",
"原始北哈馬黑拉語": "paa-nha-pro",
"原始北易洛魁語": "iro-nor-pro",
"原始北沙撈越語": "poz-swa-pro",
"原始北熱語": "sai-nje-pro",
"原始北達羅毗荼語": "dra-nor-pro",
"原始北那加語": "sit-kon-pro",
"原始南亞語": "aav-pro",
"原始南島語": "map-pro",
"原始南庫希特語": "cus-sou-pro",
"原始南熱語": "sai-sje-pro",
"原始南蘇拉威西語": "poz-ssw-pro",
"原始南達羅毗荼語": "dra-sou-pro",
"原始南高加索語": "ccs-pro",
"原始博多-加羅語": "tbq-bdg-pro",
"原始博拉語": "sai-bor-pro",
"原始占語": "cmc-pro",
"原始卡姆塔語": "inc-krd-pro",
"原始卡姆語": "sit-kha-pro",
"原始卡拉普亞語": "nai-klp-pro",
"原始卡拉棉語": "phi-kal-pro",
"原始卡杜語": "qfa-kad-pro",
"原始卡西語": "aav-khs-pro",
"原始印度-伊朗語": "iir-pro",
"原始印度-雅利安語": "inc-pro",
"原始印歐語": "ine-pro",
"原始台語": "tai-pro",
"原始吐火羅語": "ine-toc-pro",
"原始哈馬黑拉-鳥頭灣語": "poz-hce-pro",
"原始唐窟語": "sit-tng-pro",
"原始因紐特語": "esx-inu-pro",
"原始圖皮-瓜拉尼語": "tup-gua-pro",
"原始圖皮語": "tup-pro",
"原始埃德基里語": "alv-edk-pro",
"原始塔基語": "azc-tak-pro",
"原始塔蒂語": "xme-ttc-pro",
"原始塞-瓦罕語": "xsc-skw-pro",
"原始塞姆南語": "ira-kms-pro",
"原始塞拉多語": "sai-cer-pro",
"原始塞爾庫普語": "sel-pro",
"原始塞語": "xsc-sak-pro",
"原始大安達曼語": "qfa-adm-pro",
"原始大洋洲語": "poz-oce-pro",
"原始大西洋-剛果語": "alv-pro",
"原始奇布查語": "cba-pro",
"原始契努克語": "nai-ckn-pro",
"原始奧托米語": "oto-otm-pro",
"原始奧摩語": "omv-pro",
"原始奧蒂-沃爾特語": "nic-ovo-pro",
"原始孟-高棉語": "mkh-pro",
"原始孟語": "mkh-mnc-pro",
"原始安恆語": "aus-arn-pro",
"原始安納托利亞語": "ine-ana-pro",
"原始安迪語": "cau-and-pro",
"原始密克羅尼西亞語": "poz-mic-pro",
"原始尤卡吉爾語": "qfa-yuk-pro",
"原始尤皮克語": "ypk-pro",
"原始尼日爾-剛果語": "nic-pro",
"原始尼科巴語": "aav-nic-pro",
"原始尼羅-撒哈拉語": "ssa-pro",
"原始尼羅語": "sdv-nil-pro",
"原始巴塔克語": "btk-pro",
"原始巴拿語": "mkh-ban-pro",
"原始巴斯克語": "euq-pro",
"原始布立吞語": "cel-bry-pro",
"原始布那-卡西-林甘語": "aav-pkl-pro",
"原始布阿語": "alv-bua-pro",
"原始希臘語": "grk-pro",
"原始帕馬-恩永甘語": "aus-pam-pro",
"原始庫利亞克語": "ssa-klk-pro",
"原始庫基-欽語": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"原始庫希特語": "cus-pro",
"原始庫帕語": "azc-cup-pro",
"原始庫爾德語": "ku-pro",
"原始彝語": "tbq-lol-pro",
"原始彼爾姆語": "urj-prm-pro",
"原始德內語": "ath-pro",
"原始恩古尼語": "bnt-ngu-pro",
"原始意大利語": "itc-pro",
"原始愛斯基摩-阿留申語": "esx-pro",
"原始愛斯基摩語": "esx-esk-pro",
"原始愛爾蘭語": "pgl",
"原始戈都語": "mkh-kat-pro",
"原始扎扎其古拉尼語": "ira-zgr-pro",
"原始托托索克語": "nai-tot-pro",
"原始斯基泰語": "xsc-pro",
"原始斯拉夫語": "sla-pro",
"原始日耳曼語": "gem-pro",
"原始日語": "jpx-pro",
"原始易洛魁語": "iro-pro",
"原始普什圖語": "ira-pat-pro",
"原始曼德語": "dmn-pro",
"原始曼西語": "mns-pro",
"原始朝鮮語": "qfa-kor-pro",
"原始東北高加索語": "cau-nec-pro",
"原始東奧蒂-沃爾特語": "nic-eov-pro",
"原始東部波利尼西亞語": "poz-pep-pro",
"原始東部馬來-波利尼西亞語": "pqe-pro",
"原始柏柏爾語": "ber-pro",
"原始查蒂諾語": "omq-cha-pro",
"原始核心波利尼西亞語": "poz-pnp-pro",
"原始格巴亞語": "gba-pro",
"原始格貝語": "alv-gbe-pro",
"原始格魯吉亞-贊語": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"原始桑格萊奇伊什卡什米語": "ira-sgi-pro",
"原始桑海語": "son-pro",
"原始楚科奇-堪察加語": "qfa-cka-pro",
"原始楚馬什語": "nai-chu-pro",
"原始楠榜語": "poz-lgx-pro",
"原始歐托-帕梅語": "omq-otp-pro",
"原始歐托-曼格語": "omq-pro",
"原始比爾語": "mkh-pea-pro",
"原始沃爾特-剛果語": "nic-vco-pro",
"原始沃爾特-尼日爾語": "alv-von-pro",
"原始波利尼西亞語": "poz-pol-pro",
"原始波羅的-斯拉夫語": "ine-bsl-pro",
"原始波莫語": "nai-pom-pro",
"原始泰諾-阿拉瓦克語": "awd-taa-pro",
"原始泰雅語": "map-ata-pro",
"原始漢特語": "kca-pro",
"原始漢藏語": "sit-pro",
"原始烏戈爾語": "urj-ugr-pro",
"原始烏拉爾語": "urj-pro",
"原始熱語": "sai-jee-pro",
"原始爾蘇語": "sit-ers-pro",
"原始特里基語": "omq-tri-pro",
"原始猶他-阿茲特克語": "azc-pro",
"原始班圖語": "bnt-pro",
"原始琉球語": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"原始瑤語": "hmx-mie-pro",
"原始瑪雅語": "myn-pro",
"原始甲種南達羅毗荼語": "dra-sdo-pro",
"原始白語": "sit-bai-pro",
"原始盧伊語": "sit-luu-pro",
"原始科伊語": "khi-kho-pro",
"原始穆斯科格語": "nai-mus-pro",
"原始突厥語": "trk-pro",
"原始米塞-索克語": "nai-miz-pro",
"原始米底-安息語": "ira-mpr-pro",
"原始米斯特克語": "omq-mxt-pro",
"原始粟特語": "ira-sgc-pro",
"原始約魯巴語": "alv-yor-pro",
"原始納-德內語": "xnd-pro",
"原始納克語": "cau-nkh-pro",
"原始納威基語": "awd-nwk-pro",
"原始納瓦語": "azc-nah-pro",
"原始納西語": "sit-nas-pro",
"原始紐爾紐爾語": "aus-nyu-pro",
"原始索托-茨瓦納語": "bnt-sts-pro",
"原始緬彝語": "tbq-lob-pro",
"原始緬語": "tbq-brm-pro",
"原始翁奇語": "qfa-ong-pro",
"原始胡里安-烏拉爾圖語": "qfa-hur-pro",
"原始臘羅語": "tbq-lal-pro",
"原始舍朱奔語": "sit-khb-pro",
"原始舒格南羅尚語": "ira-shr-pro",
"原始舒格南雅茲古拉米蒙賈尼語": "ira-sym-pro",
"原始舒格南雅茲古拉米語": "ira-shy-pro",
"原始芬蘭語": "urj-fin-pro",
"原始苗瑤語": "hmx-pro",
"原始苗語": "hmn-pro",
"原始草原語": "nic-grf-pro",
"原始莫爾多瓦語": "urj-mdv-pro",
"原始莽語": "mkh-pkn-pro",
"原始菲律賓語": "phi-pro",
"原始葉尼塞語": "qfa-yen-pro",
"原始蒙古語": "xgn-pro",
"原始蒙賈尼伊特格哈語": "ira-mny-pro",
"原始蒙達語": "mun-pro",
"原始薩利希語": "sal-pro",
"原始薩巴基語": "bnt-sab-pro",
"原始薩波特克語": "omq-zpc-pro",
"原始薩米語": "smi-pro",
"原始薩莫耶德語": "syd-pro",
"原始薩馬提亞語": "xsc-sar-pro",
"原始藏語": "sit-bdi-pro",
"原始蘇-卡托巴語": "nai-sca-pro",
"原始蘇語": "sio-pro",
"原始蘇龍語": "sit-khp-pro",
"原始西北高加索語": "cau-nwc-pro",
"原始西南台語": "tai-swe-pro",
"原始西日耳曼語": "gmw-pro",
"原始西曼德語": "dmn-mdw-pro",
"原始西舍朱奔語": "sit-khw-pro",
"原始西閃米特語": "sem-wes-pro",
"原始諾爾斯語": "gmq-pro",
"原始貝努埃-剛果語": "nic-bco-pro",
"原始貝台語": "qfa-bet-pro",
"原始貝語": "qfa-onb-pro",
"原始越語": "mkh-vie-pro",
"原始跨新幾內亞語": "ngf-pro",
"原始通古斯語": "tuw-pro",
"原始達尼語": "sit-tan-pro",
"原始達爾金語": "cau-drg-pro",
"原始達羅毗荼語": "dra-pro",
"原始達芒語": "sit-tam-pro",
"原始邦庫-多樂基語": "poz-btk-pro",
"原始采茲語": "cau-tsz-pro",
"原始閃米特語": "sem-pro",
"原始閩語": "zhx-min-pro",
"原始阿布哈茲-阿巴扎語": "cau-abz-pro",
"原始阿帕契語": "apa-pro",
"原始阿拉瓦克語": "awd-pro",
"原始阿拉萬語": "auf-pro",
"原始阿爾吉克語": "aql-pro",
"原始阿爾岡昆語": "alg-pro",
"原始阿爾巴尼亞語": "sqj-pro",
"原始阿瓦爾-安迪語": "cau-ava-pro",
"原始阿里語": "omv-aro-pro",
"原始類埃多語": "alv-edo-pro",
"原始類奧托米語": "oto-pro",
"原始類班圖語": "nic-bod-pro",
"原始類米斯特克語": "omq-mix-pro",
"原始類約魯巴語": "alv-yrd-pro",
"原始類索馬里語": "cus-som-pro",
"原始類薩波特克語": "omq-zap-pro",
"原始馬來-占語": "poz-mcm-pro",
"原始馬來-松巴哇語": "poz-msa-pro",
"原始馬來-波利尼西亞語": "poz-pro",
"原始馬來語": "poz-mly-pro",
"原始馬薩特克語": "omq-maz-pro",
"原始馬里語": "chm-pro",
"原始高原佩努提語支": "nai-plp-pro",
"原始高原語": "nic-plt-pro",
"原始高地東庫希特語": "cus-hec-pro",
"原始高棉語": "mkh-kmr-pro",
"原始魯凱語": "dru-pro",
"原始魯蘇語": "sit-hrs-pro",
"原始黎語": "qfa-lic-pro",
"叢林因加語": "inj",
"古丹麥語": "gmq-oda",
"古亞尼語": "gvy",
"古伊拉薩波特克語": "ztu",
"古典亞美尼亞語": "xcl",
"古典克丘亞語": "qwc",
"古典尼瓦爾語": "nwc",
"古典敘利亞語": "syc",
"古典曼達安語": "myz",
"古典瓜拉尼語": "gn-cls",
"古典納瓦特爾語": "nci",
"古典蒙古語": "cmg",
"古典蓋爾語": "ghc",
"古典藏語": "xct",
"古典馬雅語": "emy",
"古利古里亞語": "xlg",
"古利蘇蘇語": "vkl",
"古加奇語": "ggd",
"古加泰羅尼亞語": "roa-oca",
"古努語": "yas",
"古勃艮第語": "gme-bur",
"古勒語": "gly",
"古北阿拉伯語": "xna",
"古南阿拉伯語": "sem-srb",
"古卡納達語": "dra-okn",
"古印地語": "inc-ohi",
"古古-貝拉語": "kkp",
"古古伊米吉爾語": "kky",
"古古吉拉特語": "inc-ogu",
"古古瓦拉語": "wrw",
"古吉拉特語": "gu",
"古哥特蘭語": "gmq-ogt",
"古回鶻語": "oui",
"古圖皮語": "tpw",
"古埃諾阿語": "sai-gue",
"古塔蒂語": "xme-ott",
"古奧克語": "pro",
"古奧里亞語": "inc-oor",
"古威爾士語": "owl",
"古孟加拉語": "inc-obn",
"古安納托利亞土耳其語": "trk-oat",
"古尼揚迪語": "gni",
"古巴手語": "csf",
"古巽他語": "osn",
"古希臘語": "grc",
"古帕-阿巴瓦語": "gpa",
"古帕普因古語": "guf",
"古弗里斯蘭語": "ofs",
"古愛爾蘭語": "sga",
"古拉尼語": "hac",
"古拉語": "gul",
"古捷克語": "zlw-ocs",
"古撒克遜語": "osx",
"古教會斯拉夫語": "cu",
"古斯洛伐克語": "zlw-osk",
"古斯萊語": "gsl",
"古旁遮普語": "inc-opa",
"古普魯士語": "prg",
"古杜語": "gdu",
"古東斯拉夫語": "orv",
"古林吉語": "gue",
"古法語": "fro",
"古波斯語": "peo",
"古波蘭語": "zlw-opl",
"古泰盧固語": "dra-ote",
"古爪哇語": "kaw",
"古爾凡語": "ghl",
"古爾拉瑪語": "las",
"古爾馬納語": "gvm",
"古瑞典語": "gmq-osw",
"古瓦姆語": "gwu",
"古瓦爾語": "aus-guw",
"古瓦語": "gwb",
"古當語": "xgd",
"古盧森尼亞語": "zle-ort",
"古科米語": "urj-koo",
"古突厥語": "otk",
"古立陶宛語": "olt",
"古羅語": "goa",
"古肯特手語": "okl",
"古英語": "ang",
"古荷蘭語": "odt",
"古萊昂語": "roa-ole",
"古萊語": "gvl",
"古葡萄牙語": "roa-opt",
"古薩波特克語": "xzp",
"古西語": "guz",
"古諾夫哥羅德語": "zle-ono",
"古諾爾斯語": "non",
"古賈里語": "gju",
"古邦馬來語": "mkn",
"古里巴克語": "kpc",
"古阿瓦德語": "inc-oaw",
"古阿瓦爾語": "oav",
"古阿薩姆語": "inc-oas",
"古阿語": "gwx",
"古馬其語": "gnn",
"古馬其頓語": "xmk",
"古馬瓦納語": "gvs",
"古馬茲語": "guk",
"古高地德語": "goh",
"古高棉語": "okz",
"古魯艾阿語": "kyr",
"可拉語": "kvv",
"可薩語": "zkz",
"台塔語": "dav",
"台山話": "zhx-tai",
"史瓦濟語": "ss",
"史興語": "sxg",
"各加拉格萊語": "roc",
"吉伯特語": "gil",
"吉兆話": "mis-jzh",
"吉利語": "mgi",
"吉圖亞語": "ggt",
"吉土巴語": "ktu",
"吉基奧德語": "acd",
"吉塔語": "jit",
"吉大港語": "ctg",
"吉巴語": "juo",
"吉布語": "jib",
"吉打馬來語": "meo",
"吉拉基語": "glk",
"吉拉瓦語": "bbr",
"吉杜語": "jii",
"吉林語": "jil",
"吉梅語": "kmp",
"吉爾吉斯語": "ky",
"吉瓦利語": "djl",
"吉米尼語": "dyi",
"吉納語": "jia",
"吉茲語": "gez",
"吉蘭丹峇峇": "mis-hkl",
"吉貝語": "jie",
"吉阿吉阿語": "cia",
"吉魯語": "jrr",
"吐火羅語A": "xto",
"吐火羅語B": "txb",
"吐谷渾語": "mis-tuh",
"吳語": "wuu",
"呂勒薩米語": "smj",
"呂基亞語": "xlc",
"呂底亞語": "xld",
"呼羅珊尼土耳其語": "kmz",
"和闐語": "kho",
"哈克語": "aek",
"哈利亞語": "hla",
"哈努諾語": "hnn",
"哈勒爾語": "har",
"哈卡斯語": "kjh",
"哈卡欽語": "cnh",
"哈塔姆語": "had",
"哈尼語": "hni",
"哈巴語": "hbb",
"哈布語": "hbu",
"哈德拉毛語": "xhd",
"哈扎語": "hts",
"哈拉佩德迪亞茲馬薩特克語": "maj",
"哈拉古雷語": "axx",
"哈拉吉語": "klj",
"哈拉楚語": "ane",
"哈朗語": "hal",
"哈桑語": "mey",
"哈梯語": "xht",
"哈武語": "hav",
"哈洪語": "hah",
"哈烏語": "hvn",
"哈爾彥維語": "bgc",
"哈爾札尼語": "hrz",
"哈爾比語": "hlb",
"哈爾蘇西語": "hss",
"哈爾魁梅林語": "hur",
"哈瓊語": "haj",
"哈科語": "hao",
"哈米尼干語": "ykh",
"哈米爾特佩克米斯特克語": "mxt",
"哈薩克語": "kk",
"哈迪亞語": "hdy",
"哈里詹金瑙里語": "kjo",
"哈雅語": "hay",
"哈韋克語": "hvk",
"哈馬普語": "hmu",
"哈馬爾-班納語": "amf",
"哈魯庫語": "hrk",
"哥倫打洛語": "gor",
"哥倫比亞-韋納奇語": "col",
"哥倫比亞手語": "csn",
"哥打巴托-馬諾博語": "mta",
"哥斯達黎加手語": "csr",
"哥特蘭語": "gmq-gut",
"哥特語": "got",
"哥里布安-蘇巴農語": "skn",
"哲語": "scb",
"唐庫爾-那加語": "nmf",
"唐汪話": "mis-tnw",
"唐科語": "tkx",
"唐薩語": "nst",
"唐阿姆語": "sit-tgm",
"唔奈語": "bwn",
"喀克其奎語": "cak",
"喀喇汗語": "xqa",
"喀多語": "cad",
"喀奇語": "kfr",
"喀爾巴阡羅姆語": "rmc",
"喀靈語": "klr",
"喀麥隆曼比拉語": "mcu",
"喀麥隆皮欽語": "wes",
"喜界語": "kzg",
"喬亞潘薩波特克語": "zpc",
"喬克托語": "cho",
"喬喬特克語": "coz",
"喬孔卡語": "cgk",
"喬沃克語": "cuv",
"喬爾蒂語": "caa",
"喬爾語": "ctu",
"嘉夏拉里語": "ktx",
"嘉安語": "bgi",
"嘉萊語": "jra",
"嘉西納瓦語": "cbs",
"嘎洛語": "grt",
"嘎爾語": "gex",
"嘎蘇話": "ykt",
"噶拉塘門巴語": "kkf",
"噶瑪蘭語": "ckv",
"四土話": "sit-sit",
"四川話": "zhx-sic",
"回輝語": "huq",
"因加語": "inb",
"因勞德伊特內格語": "iti",
"因吉班迪語": "yij",
"因哈旺卡語": "ywg",
"因德里語": "idr",
"因溫語": "yxm",
"因特語": "ia",
"因紐特手語": "iks",
"因紐特語": "iu",
"因紐納克通語": "esx-inq",
"因羅英語": "imr",
"國家山谷奇南特克語": "cvn",
"國王河約庫特語": "yok-kry",
"國際手語": "ils",
"國頭語": "xug",
"圖伍利語": "bov",
"圖古蒂爾語": "tuj",
"圖圖巴語": "tmi",
"圖圖特佩克米斯特克語": "mtu",
"圖圖特尼語": "tuu",
"圖基語": "bag",
"圖嫩語": "tvu",
"圖尼卡語": "tun",
"圖巴爾語": "tbu",
"圖布普南語": "puj",
"圖帕里語": "tpr",
"圖拉語": "tul",
"圖斯卡羅拉語": "tus",
"圖普里語": "tui",
"圖木舒克語": "xtq",
"圖根語": "tuy",
"圖法語": "kim",
"圖爾-卡威亞約庫特語": "yok-tky",
"圖爾克瓦姆語": "tdv",
"圖爾卡納語": "tuv",
"圖爾卡語": "tuz",
"圖爾德塔尼語": "mis-tdt",
"圖特洛語": "ofo",
"圖特盧語": "tta",
"圖瓦利伊富高語": "ifk",
"圖瓦盧語": "tvl",
"圖瓦語": "tyv",
"圖瓦里語": "tww",
"圖皮南巴語": "tpn",
"圖盧阿語": "aus-tul",
"圖穆隆錫薩拉語": "sil",
"圖羅尤語": "tru",
"圖阿雷格語": "tmh",
"圖陸語": "tcy",
"圖隆語": "tdh",
"圖馬-伊魯姆語": "iou",
"土僚語": "tyl",
"土庫德德語": "tkd",
"土庫曼語": "tk",
"土爾克語": "ili",
"土瓦語": "tvn",
"土耳其手語": "tsm",
"土耳其語": "tr",
"土語": "tou",
"土阿莫土語": "pmt",
"土隆語": "try",
"圪勒頗普佤語": "yhl",
"圭亞那克里奧爾語": "gcr",
"圭契語": "gwi",
"地峽米塞語": "mir",
"地峽薩波特克語": "zai",
"坎伯蘭語": "xcb",
"坎佯語": "ksu",
"坎剛語": "kgp",
"坎卡奈語": "kne",
"坎塔布里亞語": "roa-can",
"坎布拉瓦語": "zka",
"坎底語": "kht",
"坎托斯語": "xkt",
"坎拜拉語": "kyy",
"坎朱語": "kbe",
"坎紐昂那加語": "kix",
"坎貝勞語": "irx",
"坎貝拉語": "xbr",
"坎賈里語": "kft",
"坎達語": "kqw",
"坎陵語": "rab",
"坎霍瓦爾語": "kjb",
"坤扎語": "kuz",
"坦加勒語": "tan",
"坦博拉語": "xxt",
"坦吉吉里語": "uji",
"坦基語": "tax",
"坦昌雅語": "tnv",
"坦普溫語": "tpu",
"坦桑尼亞手語": "tza",
"坦貝語": "tqb",
"坦賀利姆語": "pah",
"坦迪阿語": "tni",
"坦達加農語": "tgn",
"埃佩納語": "sja",
"埃克佩耶語": "ekp",
"埃凱萊語": "khy",
"埃加語": "ega",
"埃勃拉語": "xeb",
"埃卡語": "aez",
"埃及手語": "esl",
"埃及語": "egy",
"埃及阿拉伯語": "arz",
"埃圖洛語": "utr",
"埃地語": "rad",
"埃塞俄比亞手語": "eth",
"埃塞埃賈語": "ese",
"埃塞語": "mcq",
"埃多洛語": "etr",
"埃多皮語": "dbf",
"埃多語": "bin",
"埃夫托普語": "ofu",
"埃布里語": "ebr",
"埃德拉奧尤語": "awy",
"埃拉瓦蘭語": "era",
"埃斯卡亞語": "esy",
"埃斯梅拉爾達語": "sai-esm",
"埃斯特哈爾迪語": "esh",
"埃斯特雷馬杜拉語": "ext",
"埃桂語": "xae",
"埃桑語": "ish",
"埃梅勒語": "ail",
"埃梅姆語": "enr",
"埃比拉語": "igb",
"埃法伊語": "efa",
"埃洛特佩克薩波特克語": "zte",
"埃爾夫達利安語": "ovd",
"埃爾比勒猶太新阿拉姆語": "aij",
"埃爾語": "aeq",
"埃爾齊亞語": "myv",
"埃特比語": "etb",
"埃立普語": "ekm",
"埃維語": "ee",
"埃羅伊語": "afo",
"埃羅夸納斯語": "erw",
"埃羅蘭語": "air",
"埃菲克語": "efi",
"埃菲語": "efe",
"埃萬特語": "bzz",
"埃蘇馬語": "esm",
"埃蘭語": "elx",
"埃貢語": "ego",
"埃辛比語": "ags",
"埃里泰語": "ert",
"埃雅克語": "eya",
"埃頓語 (喀麥隆)": "eto",
"埃頓語 (萬那杜)": "etn",
"埃馬埃語": "mmw",
"埃魯瓦語": "erh",
"培奧尼亞語": "ine-pae",
"基亞克語": "bka",
"基亞卡語": "kyc",
"基亞維庫薩斯薩波特克語": "zpj",
"基切語": "quc",
"基利瓦語": "klb",
"基勒語": "geb",
"基卡普語": "kic",
"基奇瓦語": "qwe-kch",
"基奧哥語": "ues",
"基奧基塔尼-基耶里薩波特克語": "ztq",
"基奧基特佩克奇南特克語": "chq",
"基奧瓦語": "kio",
"基姆語": "kia",
"基尼基瑙語": "gqn",
"基巴拉語": "blv",
"基希語": "kiz",
"基庫尤語": "ki",
"基斯語": "kis",
"基普特語": "kyi",
"基普福科莫語": "pkb",
"基普西吉語": "sgc",
"基杜魯馬語": "dug",
"基桑卡薩語": "kqh",
"基桑語": "xis",
"基比里語": "prm",
"基烏努姆語": "wei",
"基爾丁薩米語": "sjd",
"基爾梅里語": "kih",
"基爾菲語": "kks",
"基爾馬語": "cme",
"基瓦爾語": "kwx",
"基納拉克納語": "kco",
"基薩爾語": "kje",
"基那來阿語": "krj",
"基里亞-孔澤爾語": "fkk",
"基里克語": "okr",
"基里基里語": "kiy",
"基里維納語": "kij",
"基馬拉岡語": "kqr",
"基馬阿馬語": "kig",
"堂郎語": "ytl",
"堪薩語": "ksk",
"堯依語": "yoy",
"堯語": "yao",
"塔佩語": "afp",
"塔倫蒂諾語": "roa-tar",
"塔內馬語": "tnx",
"塔利亞布語": "tlv",
"塔利什語": "tly",
"塔利塞語": "tlr",
"塔加利語": "ras",
"塔加巴瓦語": "bgs",
"塔勞語": "tro",
"塔博語": "knv",
"塔卡利語": "ths",
"塔卡瓦米斯特克語": "xtt",
"塔卡納語": "tna",
"塔古拉語": "tgo",
"塔吉什語": "tgx",
"塔吉克語": "tg",
"塔吉克阿拉伯語": "abh",
"塔圖約語": "tav",
"塔埃語": "rob",
"塔基亞語": "tbc",
"塔基歐語": "tdj",
"塔塔爾特佩克查蒂諾語": "cta",
"塔夸內語": "tke",
"塔姆博塔洛語": "tls",
"塔巴斯科瓊塔爾語": "chf",
"塔巴斯科納瓦特爾語": "nhc",
"塔巴斯科索克語": "zoq",
"塔巴薩波特克語": "zat",
"塔巴薩蘭語": "tab",
"塔巴魯語": "tby",
"塔布拉語": "tnm",
"塔布瓦語": "tap",
"塔布里亞克語": "tzx",
"塔帕尤納語": "sai-tap",
"塔帕里塔語": "sai-tpr",
"塔庫烏語": "nho",
"塔弗雷希語": "xme-taf",
"塔戈伊語": "tag",
"塔戈爾語": "mvv",
"塔拉語": "tak",
"塔斯馬特語": "tmt",
"塔朱松語": "tja",
"塔查維特語": "shy",
"塔格巴努瓦語": "tbw",
"塔格布語": "tbm",
"塔比拉貝語": "taf",
"塔沃延語": "twy",
"塔洛迪語": "tlo",
"塔爾坦語": "tht",
"塔爾語": "tal",
"塔特語": "ttt",
"塔班卡萊語": "sai-tab",
"塔瓦拉語": "tbo",
"塔瓦薩語": "nai-taw",
"塔皮埃特語": "tpj",
"塔約語": "cks",
"塔納帕格語": "tpv",
"塔羅克語": "yer",
"塔羅薩語": "tzl",
"塔良語": "sai-tal",
"塔迪亞萬語": "tdy",
"塔達克沙哈克語": "dsq",
"塔里阿納語": "tae",
"塔韋塔語": "tvs",
"塔馬姆博語": "mla",
"塔馬納庫語": "tmz",
"塔馬索拉米斯特克語": "vmx",
"塞克佩勒語": "lip",
"塞克語": "skj",
"塞切爾特語": "sec",
"塞利里語": "sve",
"塞勒厄語": "snw",
"塞卡尼語": "sek",
"塞卡潘語": "skp",
"塞卡爾語": "skz",
"塞基語": "syi",
"塞塔曼語": "stm",
"塞塔語": "stf",
"塞多阿語": "tvw",
"塞巴特貝特語": "sgw",
"塞布堯語": "snb",
"塞拉亞語": "sly",
"塞拉利昂克里奧爾語": "kri",
"塞拉利昂手語": "sgx",
"塞拉諾語": "ser",
"塞拉魯語": "slu",
"塞提語": "sbi",
"塞文奧吉布瓦語": "ojs",
"塞曼當語": "sdm",
"塞格特語": "sbg",
"塞楚拉語": "sai-sec",
"塞波普語": "sib",
"塞浦路斯阿拉伯語": "acy",
"塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語": "sh",
"塞皮克伊瓦姆語": "iws",
"塞皮克馬里語": "mbx",
"塞科雅語": "sey",
"塞納亞語": "syn",
"塞索托語": "st",
"塞美來語": "sza",
"塞舌爾克里奧爾語": "crs",
"塞萊佩特語": "spl",
"塞訥卡語": "see",
"塞貝魯昂語": "sbx",
"塞邁語": "sea",
"塞雷爾語": "srr",
"塞雷語": "swf",
"塞馬特語": "ssg",
"塞魯亞語": "srw",
"塞魯瓦散語": "sws",
"塞魯語": "szd",
"墨幾語": "ymi",
"墨西哥州奧托米語": "ots",
"墨西哥手語": "mfs",
"壯語": "za",
"夏克里亞巴語": "xkr",
"夏凡提語": "xav",
"夏威夷克里奧爾語": "hwc",
"夏威夷皮欽手語": "hps",
"夏威夷語": "haw",
"夏延語": "chy",
"夏爾巴語": "xsr",
"外恩比語": "oym",
"多亞約語": "dow",
"多卡語": "dbi",
"多埃語": "doe",
"多多利語": "txe",
"多姆語": "dof",
"多巴哥克里奧爾英語": "tgh",
"多布語": "dob",
"多拉斯克語": "cba-dor",
"多斯拉克語": "art-dtk",
"多明尼加手語": "doq",
"多格拉語": "doi",
"多格里布語": "dgr",
"多樂基語": "lbw",
"多法爾阿拉伯語": "adf",
"多波伊尤語": "toy",
"多泰語": "tds",
"多爾干語": "dlg",
"多爾澤語": "doz",
"多索語": "dol",
"多續語": "sit-tos",
"多蒙語": "dev",
"多貝爾語": "kvo",
"多迪亞語": "dho",
"多里格語": "wwo",
"多馬基語": "dmk",
"多馬迪諾語": "tdi",
"夜叉語": "luu",
"大努丹卡林阿語": "kml",
"大武壠語": "tvx",
"大溪地語": "ty",
"大田話": "nan-dat",
"大科摩羅語": "zdj",
"大納姆巴斯語": "nmb",
"大聖米蓋爾米斯特克語": "mig",
"大龍駱語'": "tln",
"太魯閣語": "map-trv",
"夫卡語": "phh",
"夸保語": "qua",
"夸克瓦拉語": "kwk",
"夸姆廷-奧內語": "okk",
"夸扎語": "wka",
"夸拉阿埃語": "kwf",
"夸爾希奧誇-克拉茨卡尼語": "qwt",
"夸瑪語": "xom",
"夸萊語": "ksj",
"夸西奧語": "nmg",
"夸馬語": "kmq",
"奇力語": "tuw-kli",
"奇加語": "cgg",
"奇努克語": "chh",
"奇卡米語": "kcu",
"奇卡索語": "cic",
"奇卡華特拉特里基語": "trs",
"奇危特蘭馬薩特克語": "maq",
"奇奇卡潘薩波特克語": "zpv",
"奇奇梅克-喬納斯語": "pei",
"奇姆威尼語": "bnt-cmw",
"奇布查語": "chb",
"奇帕亞語": "cap",
"奇格梅卡蒂特蘭米斯特克語": "mii",
"奇爾特佩克奇南特克語": "csa",
"奇爾科廷語": "clc",
"奇特庫利金瑙里語": "cik",
"奇特旺塔魯語": "the",
"奇科穆塞爾特克語": "cob",
"奇納里語": "cih",
"奇納魯格語": "kjj",
"奇維雷語": "iow",
"奇蒂馬查語": "ctm",
"奇里卡瓦語": "apm",
"奇里帕語": "nhd",
"奇里幼語": "tri",
"奇里諾語": "sai-chi",
"奇馬內語": "cas",
"奇馬拉帕索克語": "zoh",
"奈恩加圖語": "yrl",
"奎固語": "xwg",
"奎尼語": "gww",
"奎巴語": "cui",
"奎斯滕語": "kwt",
"奎爾巴語": "kwe",
"奎特莫語": "sai-qtm",
"奎納特語": "qun",
"奎雷語": "cwe",
"奎魯特語": "qui",
"契丹語": "zkt",
"契努克語": "chn",
"契帕瓦語": "chp",
"奧亨語": "pni",
"奧克佩拉語": "atg",
"奧克語": "oc",
"奧凱克語": "oki",
"奧凱納語": "oca",
"奧利亞語": "or",
"奧博奎泰語": "afz",
"奧博羅語": "ann",
"奧古語": "guw",
"奧吉布瓦語": "oj",
"奧吉拉語": "auj",
"奧圖大能語": "otd",
"奧圖烏語": "kmn",
"奧地利手語": "asq",
"奧坎語": "djk",
"奧塞梯語": "os",
"奧姆拉諾語": "omu",
"奧布洛姆語": "obu",
"奧布洛語": "obl",
"奧希特蘭奇南特克語": "chj",
"奧庫語": "oku",
"奧德語": "odk",
"奧托馬科語": "sai-oto",
"奧拉塔語": "oia",
"奧拉昂薩達里語": "sdr",
"奧斯坎語": "osc",
"奧斯特拉語": "aut",
"奧星語": "osi",
"奧朗勞特語": "urk",
"奧杜阿勒語": "odu",
"奧格布羅怒貢語": "ogu",
"奧梅特佩克納瓦特爾語": "nht",
"奧比斯佩諾語": "obi",
"奧沙格語": "osa",
"奧爾拉特語": "olr",
"奧爾穆語": "orz",
"奧爾穆里語": "oru",
"奧爾良語": "roa-orl",
"奧班利庫語": "bzy",
"奧盧亞語": "aul",
"奧盧庫米語": "ulb",
"奧科-埃尼-奧薩因語": "oks",
"奧科-朱瓦伊語": "okj",
"奧科特佩克米斯特克語": "mie",
"奧科特蘭薩波特克語": "zac",
"奧米語": "aom",
"奧索洛特佩克薩波特克語": "zao",
"奧索索語": "oso",
"奧維納語": "wsr",
"奧羅-溫語": "orw",
"奧羅凱瓦語": "okv",
"奧羅奇語": "oac",
"奧羅科語": "bdu",
"奧羅莫語": "om",
"奧羅語": "orx",
"奧羅韋語": "bpk",
"奧義語": "awn",
"奧耶語": "auu",
"奧莫克語": "omk",
"奧萊語": "ole",
"奧蓋阿語": "eri",
"奧薩馬伊語": "syx",
"奧蘇馬辛奇南特克語": "chz",
"奧諾巴蘇魯語": "onn",
"奧赫拉瓦語": "kud",
"奧農達加語": "ono",
"奧里薩巴納瓦特爾語": "nlv",
"奧馬哈-龐卡語": "oma",
"奧馬瓜語": "omg",
"奧魯塔波波魯卡語": "plo",
"女真語": "juc",
"姆伐尼普語": "mcj",
"姆博伊語": "moi",
"姆博多莫語": "gmm",
"姆博斯語": "mdw",
"姆博韋語": "mxo",
"姆宛語": "moa",
"姆巴巴拉姆語": "vmb",
"姆巴托語": "gwa",
"姆巴拉語": "mdp",
"姆巴拉語(乍得)": "mpk",
"姆巴拉語(澳洲)": "mvl",
"姆巴蘭胡語": "lnb",
"姆巴語": "mfc",
"姆巴里曼-古丁馬語": "zmv",
"姆布倫吉斯語": "mbv",
"姆布古語": "mhd",
"姆布圭語": "mgz",
"姆布姆語": "mdd",
"姆布庫舒語": "mhw",
"姆布拉語": "mna",
"姆布杜姆語": "xmd",
"姆布溫語": "zmp",
"姆布爾庫語": "bbt",
"姆布科語": "mqb",
"姆布萊語": "mlb",
"姆布語": "muc",
"姆布韋拉語": "mfu",
"姆帕利詹語": "xpj",
"姆帕德語": "mpi",
"姆平達語": "pnd",
"姆彭彭語": "mgg",
"姆拉布里語": "mra",
"姆拉普語": "kja",
"姆拜語": "myb",
"姆普爾語": "akc",
"姆本達語": "mck",
"姆武巴語": "mxh",
"姆比亞瓜拉尼語": "gun",
"姆波托沃羅語": "mvt",
"姆波托語": "mpa",
"姆班加拉語": "mxg",
"姆班杜語": "umb",
"姆瓦尼語": "wmw",
"姆瓦格烏爾語": "sur",
"姆瓦特布語": "mwa",
"姆畢語": "mpz",
"姆皮莫語": "mcx",
"姆維拉語": "mwe",
"姆耶內語": "mye",
"姆菲努語": "zmf",
"姆豐特語": "nfu",
"姆貝利梅語": "mql",
"姆貝勒語": "mdt",
"姆貝厄語": "mtk",
"姆貝薩語": "zms",
"姆貝語": "mfo",
"姆邦加語": "mgy",
"姆邦吉語": "mgn",
"姆邦韋語": "zmn",
"姆門語": "bfm",
"姆阿凱語": "mgt",
"姆馬尼語": "buy",
"姆魯語": "mro",
"委內瑞拉手語": "vsl",
"委拉帕語": "wlr",
"威奇塔語": "wic",
"威尼托語": "xve",
"威尼斯語": "vec",
"威拉祖利語": "wrh",
"威爾士羅姆語": "rmw",
"威爾士語": "cy",
"威羅語": "wpc",
"威阿如姆斯語": "tua",
"威阿齊語": "wii",
"嫩語": "nqn",
"孔卡尼語": "kok",
"孔喬語": "kjc",
"孔塔里語": "kwo",
"孔尼語": "kma",
"孔巴語": "kpf",
"孔帕內語": "kvp",
"孔延達雷特語": "kzv",
"孔扎里語": "zum",
"孔格爾杜蒂語": "gdt",
"孔比奧語": "xbi",
"孔語": "kvi",
"孔達-多拉語": "kfc",
"孔達語": "knd",
"孔雅克-那加語": "nbe",
"孟加拉語": "bn",
"孟德語": "mnd",
"孟語": "mnw",
"安伊語": "any",
"安加塔哈語": "agm",
"安加爾語": "age",
"安加米語": "njm",
"安卡維語": "aak",
"安卡語": "acb",
"安古斯圖拉烏瓦語": "tnd",
"安古蒂姆里語": "awg",
"安哥拉克里奧爾語": "aoa",
"安哥拉姆語": "aog",
"安地列斯克里奧爾語": "gcf",
"安塔卡林亞語": "ant",
"安塞爾馬語": "ans",
"安多亞語": "anb",
"安多克語": "ano",
"安寶語": "amb",
"安巴基齊語": "aew",
"安巴拉埃塔語": "abc",
"安布拉克語": "aag",
"安布拉斯語": "abt",
"安布隆語": "alm",
"安帕南語": "apg",
"安帕里-多貢語": "aqd",
"安德拉-胡斯語": "anx",
"安德格雷賓哈語": "adg",
"安德赫語": "anr",
"安息語": "xpr",
"安戈爾語": "agg",
"安托語": "amt",
"安拜語": "aic",
"安提瓜和巴布達克里奧爾英語": "aig",
"安汶馬來語": "abs",
"安當語": "amj",
"安茹語": "roa-ang",
"安蘇斯語": "and",
"安諾本語": "fab",
"安貝勞語": "amv",
"安貝萊語": "ael",
"安賈姆語": "boj",
"安迪語": "ani",
"安達基語": "ana",
"安達曼克里奧爾印地語": "hca",
"安達盧斯阿拉伯語": "xaa",
"安達魯姆語": "aod",
"宋傣語": "soa",
"宏語": "nmn",
"宗喀語": "dz",
"宗本語": "jmb",
"官話": "cmn",
"客家語": "hak",
"宮古語": "mvi",
"宮酉語": "koo",
"宿霧語": "ceb",
"密克馬克語": "mic",
"密卡蘇奇語": "mik",
"密察語": "yiq",
"密尼安語": "inm",
"密細亞語": "yms",
"富利盧語": "flr",
"富匝語": "ypz",
"富圖納-阿尼瓦語": "fut",
"富圖納語": "fud",
"富多語": "fod",
"富尤格語": "fuy",
"富巴語": "ypp",
"富帕語": "yph",
"富拉語": "ff",
"富爾語": "fvr",
"富特語": "bfd",
"富馬語": "ypm",
"富魯語": "fuu",
"寒溪語": "ycr",
"察合臺語": "chg",
"寧吉爾語": "niz",
"寬亞瑪語": "kj",
"寬卡語": "bij",
"寬話": "xnh",
"寬語": "uan",
"寬賈語": "knp",
"小花苗語": "sfm",
"尚加語": "sho",
"尚巴拉語": "ksb",
"尤克帕語": "yup",
"尤克斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語": "vmc",
"尤加德語": "yog",
"尤卡坦瑪雅語": "yua",
"尤古爾語": "ygu",
"尤坦杜奇米斯特克語": "mab",
"尤基語": "yuk",
"尤夸涅米斯特克語": "mvg",
"尤奇語": "yuc",
"尤尤語": "yxu",
"尤庫納語": "ycn",
"尤拉卡雷語": "yuz",
"尤斯拉奇南特克語": "cuc",
"尤普納語": "yut",
"尤普阿語": "sai-yup",
"尤格語": "yug",
"尤比克語": "uby",
"尤特語": "ute",
"尤甘巴爾語": "yub",
"尤皮爾特佩克語": "nai-yup",
"尤盧語": "yul",
"尤羅克語": "yur",
"尤胡普語": "yab",
"尤里語": "sai-yri",
"尤馬語": "yum",
"尤魯曼圭語": "sai-yur",
"尤魯語": "ljx",
"尼亞圖魯語": "rim",
"尼亞布瓦語": "nwb",
"尼亞帕里語": "xny",
"尼亞庫薩語": "nyy",
"尼亞斯語": "nia",
"尼亞普拉克里特語": "pra-niy",
"尼亞馬爾語": "nly",
"尼加拉瓜克里奧爾語": "bzk",
"尼加拉瓜手語": "ncs",
"尼哈利語": "nll",
"尼夫赫語": "niv",
"尼奧-楠榜語": "abl",
"尼奧勒語 (烏干達)": "nuj",
"尼奧勒語 (肯尼亞)": "nyd",
"尼奧羅語": "nyo",
"尼尼亞亞利語": "nlk",
"尼延戈語": "nye",
"尼德魯語": "lid",
"尼拉語": "nil",
"尼揚加語": "nys",
"尼揚博語": "now",
"尼揚科萊語": "nyn",
"尼揚萬加語": "mwn",
"尼揚韋齊語": "nym",
"尼斯加亞語": "ncg",
"尼斯語": "yso",
"尼日利亞手語": "nsi",
"尼日利亞曼比拉語": "mzk",
"尼日利亞皮欽語": "pcm",
"尼曼布爾語": "nmp",
"尼泊爾手語": "nsp",
"尼泊爾語": "ne",
"尼瓦克萊語": "cag",
"尼瓦爾語": "new",
"尼科拉語": "ath-nic",
"尼科雷尼奧語": "azc-nic",
"尼米語": "nis",
"尼納姆語": "shb",
"尼茲馬語": "nzi",
"尼莫語": "niw",
"尼薩語": "njs",
"尼蘭巴語": "nim",
"尼西語": "njz",
"尼馬迪語": "noe",
"山地語": "shv",
"山蘇語": "hle",
"岡德哈語": "vko",
"岡德語": "gon",
"岡比瓦語": "xbw",
"岡比那瓦語": "xpn",
"岡特語": "gnb",
"岱依語": "tyz",
"岱康語": "tnu",
"峇峇娘惹印尼語": "pea",
"峇峇馬來語": "mbf",
"峇里馬來語": "mhp",
"峨努語": "enu",
"峨頗語": "ygp",
"峨馬布央語": "yzg",
"島嶼克里奧爾英語": "icr",
"崀峨語": "yne",
"崩如語": "sit-ban",
"川黔滇苗語": "cqd",
"左江壯語": "zzj",
"左迪那語": "add",
"巴-標普南語": "pna",
"巴丹埃塔語": "ayt",
"巴丹奇語": "bau",
"巴亞利語": "bjy",
"巴什基爾語": "ba",
"巴伊索語": "bsw",
"巴伐利亞語": "bar",
"巴傑蘭語": "bjm",
"巴克利維爾格雷博語": "gry",
"巴克平卡語": "bbs",
"巴克特里亞語": "xbc",
"巴凡吉語": "bfj",
"巴凱里語": "bkq",
"巴利語": "pi",
"巴加西特穆語": "bsp",
"巴勒桑語": "bls",
"巴勞語": "blg",
"巴博萊語": "bvx",
"巴占馬來語": "btj",
"巴卡卡語": "bqz",
"巴卡提語": "bei",
"巴卡語": "bkc",
"巴厘語": "ban",
"巴古皮語": "bpi",
"巴古薩語": "bqb",
"巴吉爾米語": "bmi",
"巴哈姆語": "bdw",
"巴哈語": "yha",
"巴哈馬克里奧爾語": "bah",
"巴哼語": "pha",
"巴圖伊語": "zbt",
"巴圖普南語": "pnm",
"巴圖萊語": "bay",
"巴圖語": "btu",
"巴埃古語": "bvd",
"巴基斯坦手語": "pks",
"巴塔德伊富高語": "ifb",
"巴塔語": "bta",
"巴姆穆語": "bax",
"巴姆語": "bmc",
"巴安語": "bvj",
"巴宰語": "pzh",
"巴尤諾語": "byl",
"巴尼瓦語": "bwi",
"巴尼馬語": "pnw",
"巴巴塔納語": "baa",
"巴巴語": "bbw",
"巴布亞紐幾內亞手語": "pgz",
"巴布亞馬來語": "pmy",
"巴布薩語": "bzg",
"巴庫語": "xkl",
"巴庫隆語": "bbu",
"巴德拉瓦希語": "bhd",
"巴德斯語": "bdz",
"巴德語": "bde",
"巴打語": "bhz",
"巴拉凱語": "baj",
"巴拉南語": "prf",
"巴拉圭手語": "pys",
"巴拉圭瓜拉尼語": "gug",
"巴拉姆語": "brd",
"巴拉帕西語": "brp",
"巴拉望巴塔克語": "bya",
"巴拉穆語": "bmz",
"巴拉薩那語": "bsn",
"巴拉語": "bao",
"巴拉那語": "kre",
"巴拉馬語": "bbg",
"巴拿語": "bdq",
"巴拿馬手語": "lsp",
"巴搭摩納語": "pbc",
"巴斯克-冰島皮欽語": "crp-bip",
"巴斯克羅姆語": "emx",
"巴斯克語": "eu",
"巴斯卡爾迪語": "bsg",
"巴昆拜語": "bkr",
"巴本戈語": "bav",
"巴杜伊語": "bac",
"巴杜比語": "hlt",
"巴林阿拉伯語": "abv",
"巴格瓦拉爾語": "kva",
"巴格里語": "bfy",
"巴梯亞里語": "bht",
"巴永古語": "bxj",
"巴洛伊語": "biz",
"巴洛語": "bqo",
"巴洪率語": "bsu",
"巴烏萊語": "bci",
"巴烏馬利語": "pad",
"巴爾加姆語": "mlp",
"巴爾幹加告茲土耳其語": "bgx",
"巴爾幹羅姆語": "rmn",
"巴爾恩加爾拉語": "bjb",
"巴爾扎尼猶太阿拉姆語": "bjf",
"巴爾蒂語": "bft",
"巴爾迪語": "bcj",
"巴爾韋語": "bwg",
"巴特克語": "btq",
"巴特里語": "btv",
"巴琉語": "ply",
"巴盧安-帕姆語": "blq",
"巴福語": "bwt",
"巴科科語": "bkh",
"巴穆昆比特語": "bqt",
"巴穆語": "bcf",
"巴約特語": "bda",
"巴納羅語": "byz",
"巴羅內格羅烏瓦語": "tbn",
"巴羅角語": "bpt",
"巴茨語": "bbl",
"巴菲亞語": "ksf",
"巴萊語": "bhx",
"巴蒂語 (印尼)": "bvt",
"巴蒂語 (喀麥隆)": "btc",
"巴蒙卡語": "bvm",
"巴薩普語": "bdb",
"巴薩語": "bas",
"巴蘭加央語": "kys",
"巴蘭塔語": "blz",
"巴蘭布語": "brm",
"巴蘭高語": "blw",
"巴西利卡塔高盧-意大利語": "roa-gib",
"巴西手語": "bzs",
"巴詹語": "bjs",
"巴諾尼語": "bcm",
"巴豪語": "bhv",
"巴賴語": "bbb",
"巴賽語": "byq",
"巴赫蒂亞里語": "bqi",
"巴迪馬亞語": "bia",
"巴達加語": "bfq",
"巴那宣語": "psn",
"巴邦基語": "bbk",
"巴都艾語": "pdo",
"巴里吉語": "bjc",
"巴里坎奇語": "bxo",
"巴里庫爾語": "plu",
"巴里艾語": "bch",
"巴里語": "bfa",
"巴阿甘吉語": "drl",
"巴阿語": "kwb",
"巴雅語": "bhe",
"巴雷因語": "bva",
"巴雷語": "bae",
"巴饒克語": "prk",
"巴馬里語": "bbq",
"巴魯加語": "bjz",
"巴麗語": "bcp",
"巴齊加爾語": "bfr",
"巽他語": "su",
"布依語": "pcc",
"布克蘇語": "bxk",
"布列塔尼語": "br",
"布努語": "bwx",
"布匿語": "xpu",
"布南語": "bfu",
"布卡-三東-比達友語": "sdo",
"布卡特語": "bvk",
"布卡瓦語": "buk",
"布吉語": "bug",
"布圖阿農語": "btw",
"布基伊普語": "ape",
"布基坦語": "bkn",
"布基語": "bkd",
"布姆唐語": "kjz",
"布姆語": "bmv",
"布威西語": "bwz",
"布尤語": "byi",
"布希德語": "bku",
"布希農比科爾語": "ubl",
"布德斯丁語": "stt",
"布恩德里語": "bns",
"布恩語": "bnl",
"布懷多卡語": "bwd",
"布戈圖語": "bgt",
"布扎語": "bja",
"布拉克語": "bys",
"布拉加爾語": "beu",
"布拉加特語": "aof",
"布拉卡語": "bkg",
"布拉布蘭加語": "blp",
"布拉拉語": "bvr",
"布拉灰語": "brh",
"布拉菲語": "bfh",
"布拉語": "bwr",
"布拉馬邦語": "mde",
"布撒語": "bqp",
"布朗語": "blr",
"布杜語": "buu",
"布杜馬語": "bdm",
"布格勒熱語": "sab",
"布桑加央語": "bfg",
"布比亞語": "bbx",
"布比語": "buw",
"布沙語": "bup",
"布爾吉語": "bji",
"布爾杜納語": "bxn",
"布爾梅索語": "bzu",
"布特布特卡林阿語": "kyb",
"布瓦圖語": "bwa",
"布瓦拉語": "bnt-bwa",
"布瓦爾語": "bhs",
"布瓦語": "bww",
"布納克語": "bfn",
"布納巴語": "bck",
"布納馬語": "bdd",
"布索語": "bso",
"布羅克帕克語": "sgt",
"布羅克斯卡特語": "bkk",
"布羅卡特語": "bro",
"布羅斯丁語": "sti",
"布胡圖語": "bxh",
"布興語": "bgk",
"布芒語": "bvp",
"布萊語": "bra",
"布薩姆語": "bxs",
"布薩米語": "bsm",
"布薩語": "dox",
"布蘇烏語": "bju",
"布語": "jid",
"布貝語": "bvb",
"布貢語": "bgg",
"布農語": "bnn",
"布迪布德語": "btp",
"布那語": "bvn",
"布都赫語": "bdk",
"布里亞特語": "bua",
"布里布里語": "bzd",
"布阿穆語": "box",
"布阿語": "bub",
"布隆岸語": "blj",
"布雷姆語": "buq",
"布雷德昂語": "pce",
"布雷語": "bvh",
"布雷里語": "brq",
"布韋卡倫語": "bwe",
"布韋拉語": "bwl",
"布馬吉語": "byp",
"布魯克波因特巴拉望語": "plw",
"布魯夏斯基語": "bsk",
"布魯姆採珠船皮欽語": "bpl",
"布魯威語": "asi",
"布魯蘇語": "bqr",
"布魯語 (印尼)": "mhs",
"布魯語 (喀麥隆)": "bum",
"布魯語 (新幾內亞)": "bjl",
"布魯馬科語": "aip",
"布龍吉語": "bds",
"布龍語": "bdi",
"希亞語": "hya",
"希伯來語": "he",
"希利蓋農語": "hil",
"希努赫語": "gin",
"希卡克語": "jic",
"希卡利亞納語": "hix",
"希卡里亞語": "apj",
"希圖語": "htu",
"希拉希拉語": "sai-jrj",
"希朱克語": "hij",
"希瓦伊語": "shw",
"希皮博-科尼博語": "shp",
"希納語": "scl",
"希臘手語": "gss",
"希臘語": "el",
"希赫阿拉伯語": "ssh",
"希達摩語": "sid",
"希達沙語": "hid",
"希里摩圖語": "ho",
"希里阿納語": "xir",
"希雅姆語": "jab",
"希高農語": "mba",
"帕伊帕伊語": "ppi",
"帕倫奎羅語": "pln",
"帕克-湯語": "pkg",
"帕克傣語": "phk",
"帕勞哈諾語": "pbg",
"帕勞語": "pau",
"帕卡里科里語": "kvx",
"帕古語": "pgu",
"帕吉語": "pgi",
"帕吉貝特語": "pae",
"帕哈潘納瓦特爾語": "nhp",
"帕哈里-波特瓦里語": "phr",
"帕坎哈語": "pkn",
"帕埃利尼語": "pgn",
"帕塔尼語": "ptn",
"帕塔普語": "ptq",
"帕塔索語": "pth",
"帕姆利科語": "pmk",
"帕姆普羅納-阿塔語": "att",
"帕姆語": "pmn",
"帕尼亞語": "pcg",
"帕尼姆語": "pnr",
"帕希語": "lgt",
"帕帕塞納語": "pas",
"帕帕帕納語": "ppn",
"帕帕爾語": "dpp",
"帕庫語": "pku",
"帕德溫語": "pwi",
"帕戈語": "pac",
"帕拉南阿埃塔語": "apf",
"帕拉卡-塞努富語": "plr",
"帕拉卡納語": "pak",
"帕拉奇語": "prc",
"帕拉文語": "prw",
"帕拉納加語": "pzn",
"帕拉納瓦特語": "paf",
"帕拉語": "ypa",
"帕拉阿拉拉語": "aap",
"帕斯谷亞利語": "yac",
"帕波瑪語": "ppm",
"帕潘特拉托托納克語": "top",
"帕爾語": "abw",
"帕爾雅巴雷里語": "bpx",
"帕爾雅語": "paq",
"帕特帕塔爾語": "gfk",
"帕特普語": "ptp",
"帕瓦亞語": "pwa",
"帕皮阿門托語": "pap",
"帕盧厄語": "ple",
"帕盧安語": "plz",
"帕盧拉語": "phl",
"帕納明特語": "par",
"帕納瓦語": "pwb",
"帕納語 (中非)": "pnz",
"帕納語 (西非)": "pnq",
"帕納雷語": "pbh",
"帕胡納爾-阿舍寧卡語": "cjo",
"帕莫納語": "pmf",
"帕莫蘇語": "hih",
"帕萊尼語": "pnl",
"帕薩勒語": "sig",
"帕蘭特拉奇南特克語": "cpa",
"帕蘭甘米達恩語": "pmd",
"帕西語": "psq",
"帕語": "pai",
"帕諾沃語": "pno",
"帕那語": "phq",
"帕里揚語": "pcf",
"帕阿語": "pqa",
"帕雷西語": "pab",
"帕雷語": "asa",
"帕馬語": "pma",
"帝力德頓語": "tdt",
"帝汶皮欽語": "tvy",
"席那夏語": "bwo",
"平原克里語": "crk",
"平原印第安手語": "psd",
"平原米沃克語": "pmw",
"平原阿帕契語": "apk",
"平吉語": "pic",
"平因語": "pny",
"平布韋語": "piw",
"平格拉普語": "pif",
"幾內亞克培列語": "gkp",
"幾內亞手語": "gus",
"幾內亞比紹克里奧爾語": "pov",
"幾熱爾語": "jul",
"庫亞梅卡爾科米斯特克語": "xtu",
"庫亞語": "kyf",
"庫伊桑賈格敘利亞語": "kqd",
"庫伊語 (印尼)": "kvd",
"庫伊語 (印度)": "kxu",
"庫伯語": "jko",
"庫佩諾語": "cup",
"庫克納語": "kex",
"庫克語": "kfn",
"庫凱萊語": "kez",
"庫利納語": "xpk",
"庫卡吉語": "kux",
"庫圖爾米語": "khj",
"庫圖語": "kdc",
"庫坦特語": "xut",
"庫堂加勒語": "ght",
"庫姆語": "kmw",
"庫尼語": "kse",
"庫尼邁帕語": "kup",
"庫巴蘭語": "wkb",
"庫布語": "kvb",
"庫庫-亞烏語": "kuy",
"庫庫-亞蘭吉語": "gvn",
"庫庫-穆因語": "xmp",
"庫庫-穆敏赫語": "xmh",
"庫庫-芒克語": "xmq",
"庫德馬里語": "kyw",
"庫拉馬語": "vku",
"庫斯特瑙語": "awd-kus",
"庫曼語": "kue",
"庫松達語": "kgg",
"庫梅亞艾語": "nai-kum",
"庫梅克語": "kum",
"庫歐語": "xuo",
"庫比語": "kof",
"庫爾奈語": "unn",
"庫爾托普語": "xkz",
"庫爾提語": "ktm",
"庫爾特賈爾語": "gdj",
"庫爾穆卡爾語": "kfv",
"庫爾蘭語": "xcu",
"庫特奈語": "kut",
"庫特語": "kto",
"庫瓦勒語": "olu",
"庫瓦尼語": "paa-kwn",
"庫瓦語": "xhv",
"庫瓦阿語": "blh",
"庫皮亞語": "key",
"庫矛語": "kfy",
"庫米欽語": "cnk",
"庫約農語": "cyo",
"庫納馬語": "kun",
"庫維語": "kxv",
"庫莫基奧語": "kuo",
"庫萊雷語": "kul",
"庫蘭科語": "knk",
"庫貝歐語": "cub",
"庫貝語": "kgf",
"庫迪亞語": "kfg",
"庫那語": "cuk",
"庫里亞語": "kuj",
"庫阿努阿語": "ksd",
"庫馬克語": "nee",
"庫馬爾語": "ksl",
"庫馬納戈托語": "cuo",
"庫魯克語": "kru",
"庫魯帕哈里語": "kfx",
"庫魯杜語": "kjr",
"康加佩語": "igm",
"康姆語(喀麥隆)": "bkm",
"康孔姆巴語": "xon",
"康家語": "kxs",
"康格里語": "xnr",
"康沃爾語": "kw",
"康溫格語": "gup",
"康達沃語": "gam",
"延德納語": "jmd",
"延當語": "yen",
"廷迪語": "tin",
"弄巴灣語": "lnd",
"弗拉赫羅姆語": "rmy",
"弗朗什-孔泰語": "roa-fcm",
"弗朗西斯科里昂索克語": "zos",
"弗留利語": "fur",
"弗萬吉語": "wbi",
"弗里吉亞語": "xpg",
"強剛語": "djo",
"彌呂亞語": "imy",
"彝語": "ii",
"彭內拉提語": "bna",
"彭德語": "pem",
"彭林語": "pnh",
"彭特拉奇語": "ptw",
"彼爾姆科米語": "koi",
"待定語言": "und",
"德之島語": "tkn",
"德國手語": "gsg",
"德地傣語": "tyt",
"德姆語": "dem",
"德扎語": "jen",
"德拉-烏納萊語": "row",
"德拉瓦皮欽語": "dep",
"德杜亞語": "ded",
"德格威語": "dgh",
"德格馬語": "deg",
"德沃伊語": "dee",
"德法卡語": "afn",
"德爾塔約庫特語": "yok-dly",
"德科斯米米語": "mis-mmd",
"德米薩語": "dei",
"德維斯萊語": "dwz",
"德薩那語": "des",
"德西雅語": "dso",
"德語": "de",
"德赫瓦里語": "deh",
"德頓語": "tet",
"徹翁語": "cwg",
"徽語": "czh",
"念卡語": "neh",
"怒蘇語": "nuf",
"恩丹巴語": "ndj",
"恩傑巴納語": "djj",
"恩凱姆-恩庫姆語": "isi",
"恩加姆語": "nmc",
"恩加尼亞賈拉語": "ntj",
"恩加拉語": "nrk",
"恩加斯語": "anc",
"恩加旺語": "nxn",
"恩加朱語": "nij",
"恩加朱里語": "jui",
"恩加林杰里語": "nay",
"恩加納卡爾蒂語": "xnk",
"恩加納桑語": "nio",
"恩加莫語": "nbh",
"恩加語": "enq",
"恩加里古語": "xni",
"恩加魯馬語": "nrl",
"恩卡米語": "nkq",
"恩卡里語": "nkz",
"恩古盧語": "ngp",
"恩吉亞姆巴語": "wyb",
"恩吉姆語": "ngi",
"恩吉雷語": "jle",
"恩圭語": "nwe",
"恩多博語": "ndw",
"恩多姆語": "nqm",
"恩多姆貝語": "ndq",
"恩多戈語": "ndz",
"恩多洛語": "ndl",
"恩多語": "ndp",
"恩巴洛語": "emb",
"恩布語": "ebu",
"恩希爾皮語": "hrp",
"恩希語": "nsc",
"恩庫圖語": "nkw",
"恩庫姆比語": "khu",
"恩康亞語": "nko",
"恩康霍語": "nkc",
"恩德姆利語": "nml",
"恩德恩德烏勒語": "dne",
"恩德拉恩吉特語": "dgt",
"恩德魯洛語": "dno",
"恩戈尼語": "ngo",
"恩戈雷米語": "ngq",
"恩扎迪語": "nzd",
"恩敦加語": "ndt",
"恩敦達語": "nuh",
"恩杜加語": "ndx",
"恩杜特語": "ndv",
"恩杜穆語": "nmd",
"恩東加語": "ng",
"恩松語": "soo",
"恩果語": "ngn",
"恩查姆語": "bud",
"恩格利馬語": "agh",
"恩格姆巴語": "jgo",
"恩格拉語": "nlg",
"恩班加語": "xmb",
"恩瓜巴語": "ngw",
"恩甘澎語": "nnh",
"恩登格雷科語": "ndg",
"恩科亞語": "nka",
"恩科羅語": "nkx",
"恩萬語": "env",
"恩語": "enc",
"恩貢杜語": "nue",
"恩貢迪語": "ndn",
"恩賓達語": "nbd",
"恩贊伊語": "nja",
"恩達利語": "ndh",
"恩達卡語": "ndk",
"恩達姆語": "ndm",
"恩達薩語": "nda",
"恩金多語": "nnq",
"恩雷甘語": "ptt",
"恩魯納語": "niy",
"恰喀拉語": "tuw-kkl",
"恰帕內克語": "cip",
"恰蒂斯加爾語": "hne",
"惠喬爾語": "hch",
"惠特佩克米斯特克語": "mxs",
"意大利希臘語": "grk-ita",
"意大利手語": "ise",
"意大利語": "it",
"意第緒語": "yi",
"愛沙尼亞手語": "eso",
"愛沙尼亞語": "et",
"愛爾蘭手語": "isg",
"愛爾蘭語": "ga",
"懷安多特語": "wya",
"懷爾-亞塔語": "azt",
"戈倫語": "xgg",
"戈卡納語": "gkn",
"戈厄邁語": "ank",
"戈圖奧語": "aaa",
"戈多貝里語": "gdo",
"戈威語": "gwj",
"戈巴西語": "goi",
"戈布語": "gox",
"戈戈語": "gog",
"戈戈達拉語": "ggw",
"戈拉普語": "goq",
"戈林語": "gvf",
"戈法語": "gof",
"戈特契語": "gmw-gts",
"戈瑪拉語": "gho",
"戈羅瓦語": "gow",
"戈語": "cua",
"戈達瓦語": "kfa",
"戈達瓦里語": "gdx",
"戈馬拉語": "bbj",
"戶語": "huo",
"所羅門群島手語": "szs",
"扎伊語": "zwa",
"扎加瓦語": "byt",
"扎卡特蘭-阿華卡特蘭-特佩欽特拉-納瓦特爾語": "nhi",
"扎召語": "jaj",
"扎壩語": "zhb",
"扎巴拉語": "zro",
"扎巴納語": "kji",
"扎巴語": "dka",
"扎扎其語": "zza",
"扎拉莫語": "zaj",
"扎拉語": "dzl",
"扎爾馬語": "dje",
"扎穆科語": "ayo",
"扎納基語": "zak",
"扎話": "zkr",
"扎里語": "zaz",
"打加語": "dkk",
"托克勞語": "tkl",
"托克皮辛語": "tpi",
"托喬語": "taz",
"托巴巴塔克語": "bbc",
"托巴蒂語": "tti",
"托巴語": "tob",
"托托羅語": "ttk",
"托托馬查潘薩波特克語": "zph",
"托拉查-薩達語": "sda",
"托比語": "tox",
"托比隆語": "tgb",
"托洛馬科語": "tlm",
"托特拉語": "ttl",
"托瓦利語": "trw",
"托米尼語": "txm",
"托羅納語": "tqr",
"托羅語": "ttj",
"托莫伊普語": "tqp",
"托貝洛語": "tlb",
"托達語": "tcx",
"托里切利堯語": "yyu",
"托里切利語": "tei",
"托里皮語": "tqo",
"托阿巴伊塔語": "mlu",
"托雷斯海峽克里奧爾語": "tcs",
"托霍拉瓦爾語": "toj",
"扶餘語": "xpy",
"投投語": "txo",
"拉丁語": "la",
"拉丹語": "ldn",
"拉余語": "lgh",
"拉傑班什語": "rjs",
"拉克語": "lbe",
"拉加語": "lml",
"拉包爾克里奧爾德語": "uln",
"拉博納語": "sai-rab",
"拉卜-基納巴唐岸卡達山語": "dtb",
"拉卡漢加-曼尼希基語": "rkh",
"拉卡語": "lak",
"拉吉拉吉語": "llj",
"拉哈南語": "lhn",
"拉哈語(越南)": "lha",
"拉圖語": "ltu",
"拉坎敦語": "lac",
"拉基語": "lbt",
"拉塔罕語": "rth",
"拉壤加央語": "ree",
"拉奇吉里薩波特克語": "zpa",
"拉奇西奧薩波特克語": "zpl",
"拉奧語": "rao",
"拉姆博亞語": "lmy",
"拉姆比亞語": "lai",
"拉姆語": "llh",
"拉尼馬語": "lnw",
"拉巴語": "lau",
"拉布揚-蘇巴農語": "laa",
"拉布語": "lbu",
"拉帕努伊語": "rap",
"拉帕語": "ray",
"拉拉-布桑西語": "leb",
"拉拉-羅巴語": "lla",
"拉拉吉亞語": "lrg",
"拉拉巴卡提語": "lra",
"拉拉納奇南特克語": "cnl",
"拉拉語 (南非)": "bnt-lal",
"拉拉語(新幾內亞)": "nrz",
"拉撒利姆語": "llm",
"拉斯格爾迪語": "lsa",
"拉普廷語": "rpt",
"拉望岸語": "lbx",
"拉梅語": "bma",
"拉武拉語": "yea",
"拉武語": "lwu",
"拉比爾語": "jku",
"拉永索克語": "zor",
"拉沃語": "rwa",
"拉波伊斯語": "kyx",
"拉波普佤語": "ypb",
"拉溫亞語": "tgi",
"拉烏卡萊韋語": "lvk",
"拉烏特語": "rau",
"拉熱語": "tbq-laz",
"拉爾語": "gdm",
"拉爾迪爾語": "lbz",
"拉特加萊語": "ltg",
"拉特維巴雷里語": "bgd",
"拉珈語": "lbc",
"拉瑪白語": "lay",
"拉瑪語": "rma",
"拉瓦特布拉語": "lbv",
"拉瓦語": "luf",
"拉登語": "lld",
"拉祜西語": "lhi",
"拉祜語": "lhu",
"拉福法語": "laf",
"拉科塔語": "lkt",
"拉科語": "lki",
"拉納塔魯語": "thr",
"拉納爾語": "mnv",
"拉維語": "lvi",
"拉罕布語": "raz",
"拉羅湯加語": "rar",
"拉胡爾洛哈爾語": "lhl",
"拉脫維亞手語": "lsl",
"拉脫維亞語": "lv",
"拉茲語": "lzz",
"拉莫加語": "lmg",
"拉莫艾納語": "rai",
"拉蒂諾語": "lad",
"拉薩瓦語": "rac",
"拉諾赫語": "lnh",
"拉貝爾語": "lbb",
"拉賈卡本選-馬諾博語": "mqk",
"拉達克語": "lbj",
"拉達農語": "btn",
"拉里語": "lrl",
"拉阿魯哇語": "sxr",
"拉雅語": "lya",
"拉韋語": "brb",
"拉馬拉馬語": "arr",
"拉馬諾斯語": "sai-ram",
"拉馬霍洛特語": "slp",
"拉齊希語": "rzh",
"拍瀑拉語": "ppu",
"拓跋語": "mis-tuo",
"拜拜語": "bvy",
"拜語": "bdj",
"拜馬克語": "bmx",
"挪威俄語": "crp-rsn",
"挪威手語": "nsl",
"挪威語": "no",
"捷克手語": "cse",
"捷克語": "cs",
"排灣語": "pwn",
"措語": "ldp",
"提姆語": "tem",
"提拉希語": "tra",
"提格里尼亞語": "ti",
"提格雷語": "tig",
"提瓦語": "lax",
"提維語": "tiw",
"揚卡爾語": "aus-ynk",
"揚吉巴拉語": "xyb",
"揚尤瓦語": "jao",
"揚德魯萬塔語": "ynd",
"揚昆塔賈拉語": "kdd",
"揚曼語": "jng",
"揚貝塔語": "yat",
"揚達語": "yda",
"摩利-阿達斯語": "mzq",
"摩利巴華語": "xmz",
"摩押語": "obm",
"摩梭語": "nru",
"摩洛哥手語": "xms",
"摩洛哥阿拉伯語": "ary",
"摩爾多瓦手語": "vsi",
"摩瑪語": "myl",
"摩福古杜爾語": "mif",
"摩羅內內語": "mqn",
"撒丁語": "sc",
"撒古拉比阿特語": "skf",
"撒奇萊雅語": "szy",
"撒尼語": "ysn",
"撒慕語": "ysd",
"撒拉語": "slr",
"撒梅語": "smh",
"撒涅語": "ysy",
"撒馬利亞亞拉姆語": "sam",
"撒馬利亞希伯來語": "smp",
"撣語": "shn",
"攸樂基諾語": "jiu",
"教會斯拉夫語": "zls-chs",
"敦加羅語": "dhx",
"敦多語": "dde",
"敦帕斯語": "dmv",
"敦格拉比爾語": "duh",
"敦苗語": "hmf",
"文圖雷諾語": "veo",
"文布武語": "wum",
"文布語": "vum",
"文言文": "lzh",
"文達語": "ve",
"斐濟印地語": "hif",
"斐濟語": "fj",
"斯亞穆語": "sif",
"斯克皮克里奧爾荷蘭語": "skw",
"斯凡語": "sva",
"斯凡迪語": "siy",
"斯凱語": "ske",
"斯卡洛維亞語": "svx",
"斯堪地羅姆語": "rmu",
"斯堪尼亞語": "gmq-scy",
"斯庫語": "skv",
"斯托尼語": "sto",
"斯拉夫共通語": "isv",
"斯拉夫莫利塞語": "svm",
"斯波坎語": "spo",
"斯洛伐克手語": "svk",
"斯洛伐克語": "sk",
"斯洛文尼亞語": "sl",
"斯洛溫語": "zlw-slv",
"斯瓦希里語": "sw",
"斯科爾特薩米語": "sms",
"斯里蘭卡克里奧爾馬來語": "sci",
"斯里蘭卡手語": "sqs",
"斯里語": "sir",
"斯闊米什語": "squ",
"斯高克倫語": "ksw",
"新共同語言": "lfn",
"新加坡手語": "sls",
"新喀里多尼亞爪哇語": "jas",
"新挪威語": "nn",
"新西蘭手語": "nzs",
"方語": "phg",
"施瓦本語": "swg",
"施盧赫語": "shi",
"施語": "shr",
"旁固語": "png",
"旁庫語": "pkh",
"旁普科爾語": "xpm",
"旁狄希臘語": "pnt",
"旁遮普語": "pa",
"旅行者丹麥語": "rmd",
"旅行者挪威語": "rmg",
"旅行者蘇格蘭語": "trl",
"日德蘭語": "jut",
"日旺語": "raw",
"日昂語": "ril",
"日本手語": "jsl",
"日語": "ja",
"日部話": "sit-zbu",
"早期古烏古斯語": "trk-eog",
"早期特里普里語": "xtr",
"旺加語": "lwg",
"旺加馬拉語": "wnm",
"旺卡尤迪烏魯語": "wky",
"旺戈姆語": "wng",
"旺甘古魯語": "wgg",
"昂儒昂科摩羅語": "wni",
"昂加語": "anp",
"昂卡穆蒂語": "avm",
"昂古魯克亞利語": "yli",
"昂庫拉語": "aus-ang",
"昂科拉巴塔克語": "akb",
"昆加里語": "kgl",
"昆卡里語": "lku",
"昆嘉語": "pep",
"昆堅語": "kjn",
"昆尼帕語": "qyp",
"昆巴朗語": "wlg",
"昆蒂語": "kww",
"昆貝瓦哈語": "xks",
"昆達爾-沙希語": "shd",
"昆雅語": "qya",
"昌語": "nbc",
"昌貝阿里語": "cdh",
"明德里科語": "drc",
"明戈語": "iro-min",
"明打威語": "mwv",
"明格列爾語": "xmf",
"明瓊巴爾語": "xjb",
"明迪語": "muh",
"明迪里語": "mpn",
"明里克語": "mnq",
"晉語": "cjy",
"普什圖語": "ps",
"普伊納維語": "pui",
"普倫語": "pub",
"普內語": "pho",
"普努語": "puu",
"普卡普卡語": "pkp",
"普圖瓦姆語": "afe",
"普埃布拉馬薩特克語": "pbm",
"普尤語": "pby",
"普拉克里特語": "pra",
"普拉吉語": "pru",
"普拉布語": "pup",
"普拉語": "ypg",
"普拉里語": "iar",
"普提語": "bnt-phu",
"普林西比語": "pre",
"普標語": "laq",
"普泰語": "mfl",
"普瑪語": "pum",
"普瓦圖-桑通日語": "roa-poi",
"普瓦普瓦語": "pop",
"普羅維登西亞手語": "prz",
"普耶語": "pug",
"普西克瓦爾語": "apq",
"普西基耶語": "kvj",
"普里克語": "prx",
"普里語": "prr",
"普阿雷語": "pux",
"普雷佩查語": "pua",
"普魯沃拉語": "pur",
"景頗語": "kac",
"智利手語": "csg",
"書面挪威語": "nb",
"書面衛拉特語": "xwo",
"曼丁哥語": "man",
"曼丹語": "mhq",
"曼丹達尼語": "zmk",
"曼代靈巴塔克語": "btm",
"曼加拉伊語": "mpc",
"曼加斯語": "zns",
"曼加瑞瓦語": "mrv",
"曼南語": "mjv",
"曼博魯語": "mvd",
"曼卡尼亞語": "knf",
"曼多波巴勞語": "bwp",
"曼多波阿塔斯語": "aax",
"曼尼普爾語": "mni",
"曼島語": "gv",
"曼布韋-倫古語": "mgr",
"曼德文字": "nqo",
"曼戈語": "mge",
"曼拜語": "mgm",
"曼普魯西語": "maw",
"曼格爾語": "zme",
"曼薩卡語": "msk",
"曼貝語": "mcs",
"曼賈克語": "mfv",
"曼迪阿里語": "mjl",
"曼達安語": "mid",
"曼達洛語": "art-man",
"曼達爾語": "mdr",
"曼達瓦卡語": "mht",
"曼達蘭加央語": "xkd",
"曼達語 (澳洲)": "zma",
"曼達語(印度)": "mha",
"曼達語(坦桑尼亞)": "mgs",
"朗博語": "loo",
"朗卡斯語": "rgk",
"朗吉語": "lag",
"朗布隆語": "rol",
"朗普里語": "rkt",
"望加錫語": "mak",
"望加錫馬來語": "mfp",
"朝比語": "cce",
"朝鮮語": "ko",
"期臘木吉語": "ymq",
"木佬語": "giu",
"木支語": "ymz",
"木達語": "ymd",
"木雅語": "mvm",
"木麻黃海岸阿斯馬特語": "asc",
"本博馬語": "bws",
"本卡拉首手語": "bqy",
"本古語": "wun",
"本嘉因語": "but",
"本巴語": "bem",
"本庫語": "bkz",
"本德語": "bdp",
"本東語": "bnu",
"本甘迪茲語": "xbg",
"本貝語": "beq",
"本賈語": "bhu",
"本道語": "ums",
"本雅度語": "byd",
"札加瓦語": "zag",
"朱如納語": "jur",
"朱姆拉手語": "jus",
"朱姆朱姆語": "jum",
"朱巴阿拉伯語": "pga",
"朱拉-芳伊語": "dyo",
"朱昆語": "jbu",
"朱洪語": "ktz",
"朱爾戈-格姆澤克語": "gnd",
"朱魯語": "cje",
"李山帝丹語": "trg",
"李沙那德尼語": "lsd",
"杜亞拉語": "dua",
"杜亞諾語": "dup",
"杜利語": "duz",
"杜古里語": "dbm",
"杜塞語": "gsn",
"杜夫勒語": "duv",
"杜奧語": "dva",
"杜巴尼南阿埃塔語": "duo",
"杜布語": "dmu",
"杜布里語": "dub",
"杜拉語": "drq",
"杜斯內爾語": "dsn",
"杜杜羅阿語": "ddr",
"杜松維圖語": "duw",
"杜格沃爾語": "dme",
"杜溫語": "dux",
"杜漢語": "trk-dkh",
"杜爾布語": "dbo",
"杜瓦亞語": "dwy",
"杜瓦爾語": "dwu",
"杜瓦語": "dbp",
"杜米語": "dus",
"杜納語": "duc",
"杜華語": "kbz",
"杜順達雅語": "dun",
"杜馬語": "dma",
"杜魯瓦語": "pci",
"杰勒語": "gyi",
"杰龍語": "jee",
"東克勒斯語": "kee",
"東克耶語": "eky",
"東切爾克斯語": "kbd",
"東加拿大伊努克提圖特語": "ike",
"東北丁卡語": "dip",
"東北基瓦伊語": "kiw",
"東北帕沙伊語": "aee",
"東北波莫語": "pef",
"東北邁杜語": "nmu",
"東南丁卡語": "dks",
"東南伊斯特蘭薩波特克語": "zpd",
"東南塔拉烏馬拉語": "tcu",
"東南塔斯馬尼亞語": "xpf",
"東南安布里姆語": "tvk",
"東南巴巴爾語": "vbb",
"東南帕沙伊語": "psi",
"東南普埃布拉納瓦特爾語": "npl",
"東南波莫語": "pom",
"東南特佩瓦語": "stp",
"東南科拉米語": "nit",
"東南諾奇斯特蘭米斯特克語": "mxy",
"東占語": "cjm",
"東塔烏碧語": "bnj",
"東塔蘭甘語": "tre",
"東墨儂語": "mng",
"東奧吉布瓦語": "ojg",
"東尼亞拉語": "nle",
"東尼蘇語": "nos",
"東山壩臘羅語": "yik",
"東布魯語": "bru",
"東帕巴特卡姆語": "kif",
"東干語": "dng",
"東廓爾喀達芒語": "tge",
"東戈都語": "ktv",
"東拉威語": "lwl",
"東杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語": "azd",
"東柯瓦語": "kjs",
"東桑海語": "ses",
"東梅瓦杭語": "emg",
"東法蘭克尼亞語": "vmf",
"東波克倫語": "kjp",
"東波莫語": "peb",
"東漢特語": "kca-eas",
"東玻利維亞瓜拉尼語": "gui",
"東珀南語": "pez",
"東瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語": "nhe",
"東穆里亞語": "emu",
"東臘魯語": "yit",
"東語": "doh",
"東貝拉拉語": "ttp",
"東達芒語": "taj",
"東達馬爾語": "dmr",
"東邦圖克語": "ebk",
"東部惠水苗語": "hme",
"東部裕固語": "yuy",
"東部高地奧托米語": "otm",
"東部高地查蒂諾語": "cly",
"東部黔東苗語": "hmq",
"東鄉語": "sce",
"東阿奇帕語": "acp",
"東阿蘭達語": "aer",
"東馬嘉爾語": "mgp",
"東馬基安語": "mky",
"東馬塞拉語": "vme",
"東馬里語": "mhr",
"松巴哇語": "smw",
"松布瓦語": "suw",
"松格語": "sop",
"松楚語": "scu",
"松瓦爾語": "suz",
"松索羅爾語": "sov",
"松萊語": "smu",
"松賴語": "sor",
"林加拉克語": "lgk",
"林加拉語": "ln",
"林吉提格語": "lnj",
"林哥尼語": "nen",
"林堡語": "li",
"林布語": "lif",
"林杜語": "klw",
"林松薩波特克語": "zar",
"林甘語": "lyg",
"果羅尼語": "xkq",
"柔威語": "pto",
"柔然語": "mis-rou",
"柔若語": "zal",
"查克馬語": "ccp",
"查利語": "tgf",
"查卡里語": "cli",
"查尤科米斯特克語": "mih",
"查帕庫拉語": "sai-chp",
"查庫爾語": "tkr",
"查拉語": "cll",
"查普伍龍語": "tjw",
"查格依語": "sne",
"查瓦卡諾語": "cbk",
"查米庫羅語": "ccc",
"查茨語": "cbi",
"查莫羅語": "ch",
"查蘇姆巴米斯特克語": "xtb",
"查馬拉爾語": "cji",
"查魯阿語": "sai-chr",
"柯特語": "kmg",
"柯瓦語": "kew",
"柯羅語 (新幾內亞)": "kxr",
"柯羅語 (萬那杜)": "krf",
"柯莫林語": "kge",
"栗蘇語": "sit-liz",
"根格勒語": "geg",
"格基里庫語": "diu",
"格巴伊語": "gyg",
"格巴努語": "gbv",
"格巴格伊語": "gbr",
"格巴里語": "gby",
"格恩語": "gej",
"格拉斯科亞里語": "kbk",
"格拉語": "gew",
"格曼語": "mxj",
"格柏盧格雷博語": "gec",
"格森語": "xsm",
"格比語": "ggb",
"格班語": "ggu",
"格瑙語": "gnu",
"格瑞那達克里奧爾英語": "gcl",
"格羅斯文特語": "ats",
"格羅沙語": "igs",
"格蘭加里語": "nli",
"格貝語": "gei",
"格賀語": "kpm",
"格陵蘭語": "kl",
"格雷羅納瓦特爾語": "ngu",
"格雷羅阿穆茲戈語": "amu",
"格韋亞德洪堡薩波特克語": "zpg",
"格韋爾語": "gwr",
"格韋諾語": "gwe",
"格魯吉亞語": "ka",
"格魯馬語": "gea",
"桑加薩爾語": "sgr",
"桑加語 (剛果)": "sng",
"桑加語 (奈及利亞)": "xsn",
"桑古語": "sbp",
"桑基勒語": "snl",
"桑塔利語": "sat",
"桑孔語": "sgk",
"桑巴爾普里語": "spv",
"桑巴語": "smx",
"桑戈語": "sg",
"桑提內爾語": "std",
"桑斯語": "ssi",
"桑旁語": "rav",
"桑格萊奇語": "sgy",
"桑格語": "sxn",
"桑維蒂語": "smv",
"桑耶夫語": "kgt",
"桑貝語": "xab",
"桑貝里吉語": "ssx",
"桑達韋語": "sad",
"桑雷語": "sxm",
"梁語": "ria",
"梅亞赫語": "mej",
"梅克梅克語": "mvk",
"梅凱奧語": "mek",
"梅勒-卡翁語": "hkn",
"梅勒-菲拉語": "mxe",
"梅卡亞潘納瓦特爾語": "nhx",
"梅奎伊語": "msf",
"梅安語": "fit",
"梅布拉特語": "ayz",
"梅布語": "mjn",
"梅德布爾語": "mjm",
"梅戈來諾-羅馬尼亞語": "ruq",
"梅拉普普南語": "puc",
"梅拉梅拉語": "mxm",
"梅拉赫普南語": "puf",
"梅敦巴語": "byv",
"梅斯基塔爾奧托米語": "ote",
"梅斯梅語": "zim",
"梅松特拉波波洛卡語": "pbe",
"梅洛語": "mfx",
"梅爾帕語": "med",
"梅爾拉夫語": "mrm",
"梅特拉托諾克米斯特克語": "mxv",
"梅瓦爾語": "mtr",
"梅瓦蒂語": "wtm",
"梅甘語": "mef",
"梅納克語": "mmh",
"梅莫尼語": "mby",
"梅菲勒語": "mfj",
"梅薩卡語": "iyo",
"梅薩比語": "cms",
"梅赫克語": "nux",
"梅里語": "meq",
"梅里阿姆語": "ulk",
"梅魯語": "mer",
"梯貢-姆本貝語": "nza",
"梯頂語": "ctd",
"梵語": "sa",
"森勝語": "ssz",
"森南尼語": "smy",
"森南語": "ssm",
"森哈加語": "sjs",
"森塔尼語": "set",
"森巴孔穆魯特語": "sbr",
"森斯語": "sni",
"森松特佩克查蒂諾語": "czn",
"森林克里語": "cwd",
"森林埃涅茨語": "enf",
"森林涅涅茨語": "yrk-for",
"森格勒語": "szg",
"森美蘭馬來語": "zmi",
"楚克瓦語": "cuw",
"楚克語": "chk",
"楚凡語": "xcv",
"楚利姆語": "clw",
"楚卡語": "cuh",
"楚圖希爾語": "tzj",
"楚德里語": "cdi",
"楚拉希語": "cdj",
"楚瓦什語": "cv",
"楚瓦迪語": "tvd",
"楚科奇語": "ckt",
"楚阿博語": "chw",
"極地因紐特語": "esx-ink",
"榮貝語": "yom",
"樂窩語": "lww",
"標敏語": "bje",
"標曼語": "bmt",
"標準摩洛哥柏柏爾語": "zgh",
"標話": "byk",
"檳城手語": "psg",
"欣杜里語": "hii",
"欣門語": "puo",
"欽察語": "qwm",
"歌庸語": "kxy",
"歌須語": "kta",
"歐伐耶語": "opy",
"歐內達語": "one",
"歐樓語": "ong",
"歐波-馬諾博語": "obo",
"歐科迪亞語": "okd",
"歐罕語": "ood",
"歐肯納根語": "oka",
"武吉馬來語": "bvu",
"武特語": "vut",
"歸語": "kdt",
"比亞克語": "bhw",
"比亞利語": "beh",
"比亞塔比達友語": "bth",
"比什奴普萊利亞-曼尼普爾語": "bpy",
"比克亞語": "byb",
"比克比杰語": "sai-pyk",
"比加姆巴爾語": "xbe",
"比勞語": "brr",
"比哈爾語": "bh",
"比圖爾語": "mcc",
"比埃特語": "biu",
"比埃里亞語": "brj",
"比塔雷語": "brt",
"比塞尼語": "ije",
"比尤那維斯塔約庫特語": "yok-bvy",
"比巴阿利語": "bcn",
"比布爾曼語": "xbp",
"比拉庫拉語": "bql",
"比拉斯普里語": "kfs",
"比拉語": "bip",
"比拉里語": "bhi",
"比斯拉馬語": "bi",
"比昂西語": "bee",
"比林語": "byn",
"比洛克西語": "bil",
"比爾吉德語": "brk",
"比爾吉特語": "btf",
"比爾巴語": "bpz",
"比爾比爾語": "brz",
"比爾瓦語": "brl",
"比爾語": "pcb",
"比瓦特語": "bwm",
"比盧爾語": "bxf",
"比盧阿語": "blb",
"比約姆語": "bpm",
"比納哈里語": "bxz",
"比納瓦語": "byj",
"比納語": "bmn",
"比索里奧語": "bir",
"比舒奧語": "bwh",
"比莫巴語": "bim",
"比薩佛洛勒斯特佩瓦語": "tpp",
"比西斯語": "bnw",
"比諾岸伊特內格語": "itb",
"比賈拉語": "bym",
"比赫語": "ibh",
"比迪約語": "bid",
"比里泰語": "bqq",
"比里語": "bzr",
"比阿法達語": "bif",
"比馬語": "bhp",
"毛-那加語": "nbi",
"毛利語": "mi",
"毛南語": "mmd",
"毛瓦凱語": "mhl",
"毛翁語": "mph",
"毛里求斯克里奧爾語": "mfe",
"毛里求斯手語": "lsy",
"民和土族語": "mjg-mgr",
"民都魯語": "bny",
"水田語": "lov",
"水語": "swi",
"汗語": "haa",
"汪達爾語": "xvn",
"汶萊米沙鄢語": "bsb",
"汶萊馬來語": "kxd",
"沃亞伊語": "wuy",
"沃伊伍龍語": "wyi",
"沃伊語": "wbw",
"沃傑納卡語": "jod",
"沃塔普里-卡塔卡萊語": "wsv",
"沃孔語": "xwc",
"沃度語": "wtw",
"沃拉尼語": "wle",
"沃拉普克語": "vo",
"沃林格語": "wly",
"沃沃尼語": "wow",
"沃洛夫語": "wo",
"沃爾西語": "xvo",
"沃特語": "vot",
"沃瓦語": "stn",
"沃羅拉語": "wro",
"沃羅語": "vor",
"沃萊塔語": "wal",
"沃諾語": "kch",
"沃里米語": "kda",
"沃雅語": "wau",
"沃雷埃語": "woe",
"沃雷語": "wrz",
"沖永良部語": "okn",
"沖繩語": "ryu",
"沙嫩納瓦語": "swo",
"沙巴克語": "sdb",
"沙巴米沙鄢語": "bsy",
"沙巴馬來語": "msi",
"沙拉基語": "skr",
"沙拉納瓦語": "mcd",
"沙斯塔語": "sht",
"沙比爾語": "pml",
"沙烏地阿拉伯手語": "sdl",
"沙爬語": "tys",
"沙特語": "shj",
"沙維拉語": "swt",
"沙維語": "sdg",
"沙赫米爾扎迪語": "srz",
"沙赫魯迪語": "shm",
"沙雅語": "say",
"沙馬-桑布加語": "sqa",
"沙馬可可語": "ceg",
"河內手語": "hab",
"河畔加央語": "xkn",
"河谷邁杜語": "vmv",
"河邊阿拜語": "abf",
"沼澤克里語": "csw",
"泉漳話": "nan-hbl",
"法利斯克語": "xfa",
"法國手語": "fsl",
"法國比利時手語": "sfb",
"法塔魯庫語": "ddg",
"法尤語": "fau",
"法拉法拉語": "gur",
"法拉語": "fax",
"法斯語": "fqs",
"法羅語": "fo",
"法蘇語": "faa",
"法蘭克-普羅旺斯語": "frp",
"法蘭欽語": "cfm",
"法語": "fr",
"法雷語": "for",
"波丘特克語": "xpo",
"波亞納瓦語": "pyn",
"波其瓜拉語": "pog",
"波加利語": "hkh",
"波坦新亞拉姆語": "bhn",
"波多蘭三描語": "sbl",
"波多黎各手語": "psl",
"波姆語": "pmo",
"波尼語": "paw",
"波拉布語": "pox",
"波拉語": "bxd",
"波斯手語": "psc",
"波斯語": "fa",
"波旁-貝里語": "roa-bbn",
"波朋哥語": "bgb",
"波朗多語": "bzm",
"波朗果語": "bld",
"波洛農包克語": "plb",
"波爾茨語": "plj",
"波爾語": "blf",
"波瓦坦語": "pim",
"波科特語": "pko",
"波科馬姆語": "poc",
"波納佩語": "pon",
"波羅哈農語": "prh",
"波羅的羅姆語": "rml",
"波耶語": "bye",
"波蘭手語": "pso",
"波蘭語": "pl",
"波諾薩坎語": "pns",
"波那姆語": "ncc",
"波阿諾語 (摩鹿加群島)": "bzn",
"波阿諾語 (蘇拉威西島)": "bzl",
"泰凱-蒂耶語": "tyx",
"泰努語": "tkw",
"泰卡特語": "aos",
"泰國孟語": "mnw-tha",
"泰國手語": "tsq",
"泰奈語": "ago",
"泰梅爾皮欽俄語": "crp-tpr",
"泰瓦語": "twe",
"泰盧固語": "te",
"泰米爾語": "ta",
"泰語": "th",
"泰諾語": "tnq",
"泰雅語": "tay",
"泰雷布語": "trb",
"泰雷諾語": "ter",
"泰馬語": "sem-tay",
"洋卞語": "yav",
"洋涇浜英語": "cpi",
"洛亞基語": "lrk",
"洛勒語": "llg",
"洛卡語": "yaz",
"洛圖科語": "lot",
"洛奧語": "ldo",
"洛尼烏語": "los",
"洛巴拉語": "loq",
"洛希查薩波特克語": "ztp",
"洛帕語": "lop",
"洛戈利語": "rag",
"洛戈爾語": "lof",
"洛戈語": "log",
"洛拉克語": "llq",
"洛林語": "roa-lor",
"洛比語": "lob",
"洛沃諾語": "vnk",
"洛洛達語": "loa",
"洛烏語": "loj",
"洛皮特語": "lpx",
"洛科語": "lok",
"洛迪語": "lbm",
"洛馬卡語": "loi",
"洛馬夫倫語": "rmi",
"洛齊語": "loz",
"洞朵語": "dok",
"津吉門語": "jim",
"津巴布韋手語": "zib",
"津巴語": "zmb",
"津扎語": "zin",
"洪加納語": "hum",
"洪濟布語": "huz",
"洪語": "hnu",
"洪都拉斯手語": "hds",
"派拉語": "plq",
"派納馬語": "pmr",
"派語": "prt",
"浙南閩語": "nan-zhe",
"浪速語": "mhx",
"海事手語": "nsr",
"海南話": "hnm",
"海地克里奧爾語": "ht",
"海地巫毒文化語": "hvc",
"海奧姆語": "hgm",
"海岸卡達山語": "kzj",
"海岸米沃克語": "csi",
"海斯拉語": "has",
"海格威語": "hgw",
"海灣米沃克語": "mkq",
"海灣阿拉伯語": "afb",
"海爾蘇克語": "hei",
"海達語": "hai",
"海防手語": "haf",
"海陸豐話": "nan-hlh",
"涅吉達爾語": "neg",
"涅固爾語": "cbn",
"混合大安達曼語": "gac",
"清邁手語": "csd",
"渥太華語": "otw",
"湖泊米沃克語": "lmw",
"湘語": "hsn",
"湯加語": "to",
"湯普森語": "thp",
"源語": "nuo",
"溝通語": "art-com",
"溪吉丹諾語": "cax",
"溫尼貝戈語": "win",
"溫巴溫巴語": "xww",
"溫德-凱利語": "unz",
"溫戈語": "won",
"溫舊語": "vun",
"滇東北苗語": "hmd",
"滕內語": "tex",
"滕博語": "tbt",
"滿語": "mnc",
"漢加語": "hag",
"漢志阿拉伯語": "acw",
"漢斯立克語": "hrx",
"漢泰語": "hmt",
"漢苗語": "hmz",
"漢語": "zh",
"潘內語": "pnc",
"潘古塔蘭薩馬語": "slm",
"潘查納語": "pnp",
"潘比亞語": "pmb",
"潘諾尼亞盧森尼亞語": "rsk",
"潮州話": "nan-tws",
"澤納加語": "zen",
"澤納格語": "zeg",
"澤蘭語": "zea",
"澤西荷蘭語": "gmw-jdt",
"澳洲克里奧爾語": "rop",
"澳洲原住民手語": "asw",
"澳洲手語": "asf",
"澳語": "avt",
"澳門土生葡語": "mzs",
"澳門皮欽葡萄牙語": "crp-mpp",
"濊貊語": "hmk",
"濟州語": "jje",
"濟連科爾語": "zrn",
"炯奈語": "pnu",
"烏亞吉塔亞語": "duk",
"烏修基語": "ush",
"烏克蘭手語": "ukl",
"烏克蘭語": "uk",
"烏利蒂語": "uli",
"烏加里特語": "uga",
"烏努阿語": "onu",
"烏勞-蘇因語": "svb",
"烏南巴爾語": "wub",
"烏吉爾語": "udj",
"烏哈米語": "uha",
"烏善語": "wnu",
"烏圖語": "utu",
"烏基特語": "umi",
"烏夸語": "ukq",
"烏奎約語": "ukh",
"烏尼阿帕語": "bbn",
"烏干達手語": "ugn",
"烏得穆爾特語": "udm",
"烏德蓋語": "ude",
"烏拉利語": "url",
"烏拉圭手語": "ugy",
"烏拉普明語": "urm",
"烏拉爾圖語": "xur",
"烏拉特語": "urt",
"烏拉里納語": "ura",
"烏撒納蘇語": "yig",
"烏杜克語": "udu",
"烏格勒語": "uge",
"烏桓語": "mis-wuh",
"烏梅達語": "upi",
"烏比爾語": "ubr",
"烏比語": "ubi",
"烏涅梅語": "une",
"烏爾奇語": "ulc",
"烏爾德美語": "udl",
"烏爾瓦語 (尼加拉瓜)": "ulw",
"烏爾瓦語 (新幾內亞)": "yla",
"烏爾都語": "ur",
"烏爾霍博語": "urh",
"烏瑪語": "ppk",
"烏米萊杜馬加特阿埃塔語": "due",
"烏納米語": "unm",
"烏納語": "mtg",
"烏茲別克語": "uz",
"烏茲別克阿拉伯語": "auz",
"烏莫蒂納語": "umo",
"烏菲姆語": "ufi",
"烏蒙語": "ywu",
"烏薩魯法語": "usa",
"烏語": "uuu",
"烏迪語": "udi",
"烏達語": "uda",
"烏邦語": "uba",
"烏里姆語": "uri",
"烏里莫語": "urx",
"烏雷斯語": "msn",
"烏馬蒂拉語": "uma",
"烏魯-埃烏-瓦烏瓦烏語": "urz",
"烏魯姆語": "uum",
"烏魯布-卡波爾語": "urb",
"烏魯曼答語": "ulm",
"烏魯米語": "uru",
"烏魯語": "ure",
"烏魯阿瓦語": "urv",
"焦恩沙里語": "jns",
"焦爾語": "xko",
"熱科語": "sai-jko",
"爪哇語": "jv",
"爾蘇語": "ers",
"片語": "pyy",
"牙買加克里奧爾語": "jam",
"牙買加國家手語": "jcs",
"牙買加手語": "jls",
"特佩卡諾語": "tep",
"特佩托圖特拉奇南特克語": "cnt",
"特佩烏希拉奎卡特克語": "cux",
"特克帕特蘭托托納克語": "tcw",
"特克提特克語": "ttc",
"特克斯和凱科斯群島克里奧爾英語": "tch",
"特南戈奧托米語": "otn",
"特哈拉潘薩波特克語": "ztt",
"特奈諾語": "tqn",
"特奎斯特拉特克語": "nai-teq",
"特奧普語": "tio",
"特奧霍姆爾科查蒂諾語": "omq-teo",
"特尼斯語": "tns",
"特巴特勒巴爾語": "tub",
"特拉奇奇爾科特佩瓦語": "tpt",
"特拉惠托爾特佩克米塞語": "mxp",
"特拉科亞津特佩克奇南特克語": "ctl",
"特拉科盧利塔薩波特克語": "zpk",
"特拉科阿帕梅帕語": "tpl",
"特拉索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語": "mqh",
"特拉語": "ttr",
"特拉馬卡薩帕納瓦特爾語": "nuz",
"特斯卡特佩克奧托米語": "otx",
"特斯梅盧坎薩波特克語": "zpz",
"特林吉特語": "tli",
"特林語": "stg",
"特波斯科盧拉米斯特克語": "omq-tel",
"特波里語": "tbl",
"特烏蒂拉奎卡特克語": "cut",
"特爾納特語": "tft",
"特爾薩米語": "sjt",
"特爾馬努語": "twu",
"特特拉語": "tll",
"特特瑟雷特語": "tez",
"特瓦納語": "twa",
"特瓦語": "tew",
"特皮納帕奇南特克語": "cte",
"特盧蒂語": "tlt",
"特立尼達克里奧爾英語": "trf",
"特米亞爾語": "tea",
"特米語": "soz",
"特索亞特蘭米斯特克語": "mxb",
"特索語": "teo",
"特翁語": "tve",
"特莫亞雅奧托米語": "ott",
"特莫克語": "tmo",
"特萊爾辛戈納瓦特爾語": "nhg",
"特萊福爾語": "tlf",
"特薩克尼恩語": "tsd",
"特蘭西瓦尼亞薩克森語": "gmw-tsx",
"特西斯特佩克波波魯卡語": "poq",
"特通特佩克米塞語": "mto",
"特達加語": "tuq",
"特里穆里斯語": "tip",
"特里貝語": "tfr",
"特雷文語": "twg",
"特雷甘語": "trm",
"特馬斯卡爾特佩克納瓦特爾語": "nhv",
"特魯卡語": "tka",
"特魯邁語": "tpy",
"猶加敦瑪雅手語": "msd",
"猶太-塔特語": "jdt",
"猶太-希臘語": "yej",
"猶太-意大利語": "itk",
"猶太-波斯語": "jpr",
"獨巴語": "tpq",
"獨龍語": "duu",
"玻利維亞手語": "bvl",
"珀塔瓦托米語": "pot",
"珂奇拉塔魯語": "thq",
"班加拉勒語": "pax",
"班加拉語": "bxg",
"班加拉陸語": "paz",
"班卡語": "bxw",
"班塔瓦語": "bap",
"班塔雅農語": "bfx",
"班孔語": "abb",
"班尤馬山語": "map-bms",
"班巴拉語": "bm",
"班查爾語": "pek",
"班查語": "bjn",
"班班語": "ptu",
"班科手語": "bfk",
"班第語": "bnq",
"班維語": "bmg",
"班詩蘭語": "pag",
"班賈朗語": "bdy",
"班迪語": "bza",
"班迪阿爾語": "bqj",
"班達-姆布雷斯語": "bqk",
"班達-揚蓋雷語": "yaj",
"班達-班達語": "bpd",
"班達-馬來語": "bpq",
"班達語": "bnd",
"班頓語": "bno",
"瑙坎語": "ynk",
"瑙奧語": "nwo",
"瑙納語": "ncn",
"瑙魯語": "na",
"瑞典手語": "swl",
"瑞典語": "sv",
"瑞分語": "rir",
"瑞士德語手語": "sgg",
"瑞士意大利語手語": "slf",
"瑞士法國手語": "ssr",
"瑟內語": "sej",
"瑟爾科南語": "ona",
"瑟羅尼亞語": "sxl",
"瑟里語": "sei",
"瑟麥語": "tsb",
"瑤爾語": "jau",
"瑪儂拜語": "woo",
"瑪哈坎加央語": "xay",
"瑪姆烏語": "mdi",
"瑪巴佳卡林阿語": "kkg",
"瑪拉語": "mec",
"瑪曼瓦語": "mmn",
"瑪瑪薩語": "mqj",
"瑪莎葡萄園島手語": "mre",
"瑪里里語": "mqi",
"瓊里奧語": "njo-jgl",
"瓊里語": "jml",
"瓜克語": "jgk",
"瓜加加拉語": "gub",
"瓜嘉語": "gvj",
"瓜多語": "gta",
"瓜姆希-烏里語": "bga",
"瓜希沃語": "guh",
"瓜拉尤語": "gyr",
"瓜拉語": "alv-gwa",
"瓜薩語": "xwa",
"瓜雅貝羅語": "guo",
"瓦亞那語": "way",
"瓦伊瓦伊語": "waw",
"瓦伊語": "vai",
"瓦修語": "was",
"瓦倫博里語": "wsa",
"瓦倫西亞手語": "vsv",
"瓦內茨語": "wne",
"瓦利奧語": "wla",
"瓦利斯語": "wls",
"瓦利語": "wlx",
"瓦利語 (蘇丹)": "wll",
"瓦加亞語": "wga",
"瓦加瓦加語": "wgb",
"瓦加里博里語": "vaa",
"瓦努卡卡語": "wnk",
"瓦勞語": "wba",
"瓦南布勒語": "wnb",
"瓦卡瓦卡語": "wkw",
"瓦卡西胡語": "alo",
"瓦卡語": "wav",
"瓦吉古語": "wdu",
"瓦吉吉尼語": "wdj",
"瓦吉曼語": "waq",
"瓦吉語": "fad",
"瓦圖貝拉語": "wah",
"瓦埃拉納語": "wrx",
"瓦埃馬語": "wag",
"瓦奧語": "auc",
"瓦尤語": "guc",
"瓦尼亞姆語": "sai-wnm",
"瓦尼莫語": "vam",
"瓦布梅托語": "aoz",
"瓦布語": "wab",
"瓦思語": "wsi",
"瓦戈里語": "vgr",
"瓦拉克語": "wlw",
"瓦拉普語": "wra",
"瓦拉瓦拉語": "waa",
"瓦拉語": "wbf",
"瓦斯卡勒卡納瓦特爾語": "nhq",
"瓦斯基亞語": "wsk",
"瓦斯特克語": "hus",
"瓦斯科-威什拉姆語": "wac",
"瓦明語": "wmi",
"瓦朱克語": "xwj",
"瓦格迪語": "wbr",
"瓦梅薩語": "wad",
"瓦森博語": "gsp",
"瓦比夏那語": "wap",
"瓦法語": "waj",
"瓦波語": "wao",
"瓦潘語": "juk",
"瓦烏特拉馬薩特克語": "mau",
"瓦爾-賈因蒂亞語": "aml",
"瓦爾丹迪語": "wxw",
"瓦爾凱-比皮姆語": "bgv",
"瓦爾加馬伊語": "wgy",
"瓦爾吉語": "wji",
"瓦爾哈迪語": "vah",
"瓦爾曼帕語": "wrl",
"瓦爾曼語": "van",
"瓦爾瓦語": "wwr",
"瓦爾皮瑞語": "wbp",
"瓦爾達曼語": "wrr",
"瓦爾里語": "vav",
"瓦爾馬賈里語": "wmt",
"瓦瑞克那語": "gae",
"瓦瑞瓦瑞語": "war",
"瓦瑞索索貢語": "srv",
"瓦瑪語": "wwa",
"瓦瓜語": "tva",
"瓦瓦語": "www",
"瓦盧語": "lwa",
"瓦科納語": "waf",
"瓦穆埃語": "uam",
"瓦約利語": "wli",
"瓦罕語": "wbl",
"瓦羅彭語": "wrp",
"瓦芒語": "wmn",
"瓦蒂瓦語": "wtf",
"瓦薩維語": "vas",
"瓦蘇語": "wsu",
"瓦西瓦里語": "prn",
"瓦語": "wan",
"瓦諾語": "wno",
"瓦豪加央語": "whu",
"瓦豪河-克尼亞語": "whk",
"瓦賈班蓋語": "wdy",
"瓦賈語": "wja",
"瓦賈里語": "wbv",
"瓦赫吉語": "wgi",
"瓦迪瓦迪語": "xwd",
"瓦迪雅拉科里語": "kxp",
"瓦達吉納姆語": "wdg",
"瓦達爾語": "wbq",
"瓦那普語": "wnp",
"瓦鄉話": "wxa",
"瓦里揚加語": "wri",
"瓦里斯語": "wrs",
"瓦里泰語": "wbe",
"瓦里西語": "vrs",
"瓦里語": "pav",
"瓦陶隆語": "wth",
"瓦隆語": "wa",
"瓦魯孟古語": "wrm",
"瓦魯瓦拉語": "wrb",
"瓦魯納語": "wrv",
"瓦魯語": "wru",
"瓦龍古語": "wrg",
"甘加-巴蘭塔語": "bjt",
"甘巴炎語": "xem",
"甘扎語": "gza",
"甘拜語": "sba",
"甘米銀-馬諾博語": "mkx",
"甘達基手語": "gds",
"留尼旺克里奧爾法語": "rcf",
"留米語": "ylm",
"畢皮語": "biq",
"畢蘇語": "bzi",
"畲語": "shx",
"當波語": "doy",
"登卡語": "dnk",
"登嘉樓馬來語": "poz-ter",
"登格塞語": "dez",
"登迪語": "ddn",
"登雅語": "anv",
"發貝語": "vlp",
"白仡佬語": "giw",
"白俄羅斯語": "be",
"白拉基語": "lwh",
"白沙語": "tnp",
"白狼語": "tbq-blg",
"白苗語": "mww",
"白馬語": "bqh",
"百濟語": "pkc",
"皮亞蓬語": "pcw",
"皮京語": "pis",
"皮克特語": "xpi",
"皮勒尼語": "piv",
"皮卡第語": "pcd",
"皮埃蒙特語": "pms",
"皮塔-皮塔語": "pit",
"皮尼古拉語": "pnv",
"皮拉加語": "plg",
"皮拉罕語": "myp",
"皮斯卡特維語": "psy",
"皮欽伊哈語": "ihb",
"皮欽利斯語": "fpe",
"皮洛語": "pib",
"皮烏語": "pix",
"皮爾拉塔帕語": "bxi",
"皮特凱恩語": "pih",
"皮特薩米語": "sje",
"皮皮爾語": "ppl",
"皮羅語": "pie",
"皮蒂語": "pcn",
"皮薩博語": "pig",
"皮西迪亞語": "xps",
"皮詹加加拉語": "pjt",
"皮諾特帕納雄耐爾米斯特克語": "mio",
"皮里亞語": "xpa",
"皮阿梅語": "pin",
"皮阿羅阿語": "pid",
"皮阿馬次納語": "ptr",
"皮馬巴霍語": "pia",
"盎格魯羅姆語": "rme",
"盧亞納語": "lyn",
"盧人語": "sit-lrn",
"盧克帕語": "dop",
"盧安達手語": "rsn",
"盧巴卡丹加語": "lu",
"盧布語": "lcf",
"盧布阿甘卡林阿語": "knb",
"盧希亞語": "luy",
"盧干達語": "lg",
"盧庫米語": "luq",
"盧恩達語": "lun",
"盧托斯語": "ndy",
"盧敖語": "ren",
"盧旺達語": "rw",
"盧森堡語": "lb",
"盧森尼亞語": "rue",
"盧歐語": "luo",
"盧沃埃倫語": "lwe",
"盧沃語": "lwo",
"盧特語": "uvl",
"盧瓦萊語": "lue",
"盧納納方言": "luk",
"盧紹錫德語": "lut",
"盧維語": "xlu",
"盧萊語": "ule",
"盧西坦尼亞語": "xls",
"盧西語": "khl",
"盧迪茨語": "lud",
"盧韋爾語": "lvl",
"真克里特語": "ecr",
"真塞浦路斯語": "ecy",
"石語": "skb",
"砂拉越馬來語": "poz-sml",
"碧約語": "byo",
"祖尼語": "zun",
"祖查語": "tdr",
"祖瓦拉語": "ber-zuw",
"祖魯語": "zu",
"福伊語": "foi",
"福克斯語": "sac",
"福加哈語": "ber-fog",
"福奧語": "flh",
"福尼歐語": "fun",
"福洛巴語": "ppo",
"福澤納爾語": "frt",
"福爾達塔語": "frd",
"秀克朗語": "xok",
"科亞佐斯潘米斯特克語": "miz",
"科亞特卡斯阿特拉斯薩波特克語": "zca",
"科亞特蘭薩波特克語": "zps",
"科伊因語": "xkc",
"科伊塔布語": "kqi",
"科伊巴爾語": "zkb",
"科伊瓦特語": "kxt",
"科伊科伊語": "naq",
"科克語": "kou",
"科勒語": "keb",
"科卡塔語": "ktd",
"科卡馬語": "cod",
"科塔瓦語": "avk",
"科奇語": "kdq",
"科奈語": "kxw",
"科尤特拉托托納克語": "toc",
"科希斯坦希納語": "plk",
"科帕拉特里基語": "trc",
"科帕爾語": "xop",
"科扎爾特佩克米塞語": "pxm",
"科拉克語": "hhr",
"科拉米語": "kfb",
"科拉語": "crn",
"科拉費語": "kpr",
"科斯雷恩語": "kos",
"科普特語": "cop",
"科曼奇語": "com",
"科本語": "kpw",
"科梵語": "con",
"科欣語": "kid",
"科洛尼亞托瓦爾德語": "gct",
"科洛語": "xel",
"科烏語": "snz",
"科爾庫語": "kfq",
"科爾比拉語": "klc",
"科爾瓦語": "kfp",
"科爾萊克里奧爾葡萄牙語": "vkp",
"科爾語": "ekl",
"科爾語 (新幾內亞)": "kol",
"科特語": "zko",
"科瓦基語": "xow",
"科瓦語": "khw",
"科盧瓦瓦語": "klx",
"科科塔語": "kkk",
"科科帕語": "coc",
"科科斯馬來語": "coa",
"科科達語": "xod",
"科約特佩克波波洛卡語": "pbf",
"科約語": "koh",
"科索萊阿克納瓦特爾語": "nhk",
"科維語": "kqb",
"科羅斯語": "inc-kho",
"科羅米拉語": "kqj",
"科羅納達爾-布拉安語": "bpr",
"科羅語(西非)": "kfo",
"科莫克斯語": "coo",
"科莫多語": "kvh",
"科菲亞爾語": "kwl",
"科蒂語": "eko",
"科薩語": "xh",
"科西嘉語": "co",
"科語": "fuj",
"科諾米胡語": "nai-knm",
"科諾馬拉語": "koa",
"科迪亞語": "kwp",
"科迪語": "kod",
"科里亞克語": "kpy",
"科阿特佩克納瓦特爾語": "naz",
"科阿特蘭米塞語": "mco",
"科阿薩提語": "cku",
"科雷斯埃羅斯塔姆語": "okh",
"科韋埃語": "kwh",
"科馬爾特佩克-奇南特克語": "cco",
"科馬語": "kmy",
"科魯博語": "xor",
"科魯拉語": "ykl",
"科龍語": "kyo",
"秘魯手語": "prl",
"稿語": "gqu",
"穆伊納內語": "bmr",
"穆圖凡語": "muv",
"穆尤語": "myw",
"穆尼特語": "mtc",
"穆尼瓦拉語": "mwb",
"穆巴米語": "tsx",
"穆庫魯語": "moz",
"穆德布拉語": "dmw",
"穆拉哈語": "mfw",
"穆拉塔雅克語": "asx",
"穆揚語": "muy",
"穆斯克里語": "crm",
"穆斯古語": "mug",
"穆斯庫姆語": "mje",
"穆杜加語": "udg",
"穆林帕塔語": "mwf",
"穆桑語": "mmp",
"穆比語": "mub",
"穆爾帕諾語": "tkv",
"穆爾萊語": "mur",
"穆爾西語": "muz",
"穆爾金語": "rmh",
"穆瓦塞語": "jmw",
"穆盧利吉語": "vmu",
"穆穆耶語": "mzm",
"穆納語": "mnb",
"穆索姆語": "msu",
"穆紹-埃米勞語": "emi",
"穆菲安語": "aoj",
"穆薩爾語": "mmi",
"穆薩薩語": "smm",
"穆西語": "mse",
"穆里克語 (新幾內亞)": "mtf",
"穆里克語 (馬來西亞)": "mxr",
"穆阿朗語": "mtd",
"穆魯伊維托托語": "huu",
"穆魯瓦里語": "zmu",
"突尼斯阿拉伯語": "aeb",
"突尼西亞手語": "tse",
"突尼西亞柏柏爾語": "sds",
"突尼語": "tqq",
"窩里沃語": "wlo",
"立窩尼亞語": "liv",
"立陶宛手語": "lls",
"立陶宛語": "lt",
"端語": "hld",
"答曼語 (印尼)": "tmn",
"答曼語 (緬甸)": "tcl",
"策爾塔爾語": "tzh",
"米亞瓦特蘭薩波特克語": "zam",
"米亞語": "mkf",
"米佐語": "lus",
"米利語": "ymh",
"米加巴克語": "mpp",
"米加阿馬語": "mmy",
"米南佳保語": "min",
"米南語": "xrg",
"米卻肯納瓦特爾語": "ncl",
"米卻肯馬薩瓦語": "mmc",
"米吉語": "sjl",
"米圖語": "mwu",
"米多比語": "mei",
"米奇夫語": "crg",
"米安語": "mpt",
"米希普語": "mjs",
"米拉亞比科爾語": "rbl",
"米斯基托語": "miq",
"米斯特佩克米斯特克語": "mix",
"米斯特佩克薩波特克語": "zpm",
"米浪語": "tbq-mil",
"米爾圖語": "mlj",
"米爾甘語": "zrg",
"米特拉薩波特克語": "zaw",
"米特拉通戈米斯特克語": "vmm",
"米瓦語": "vmi",
"米盧克語": "iml",
"米約貝語": "soy",
"米納維哈語": "mvn",
"米蘭德斯語": "mwl",
"米西馬-帕奈阿蒂語": "mpx",
"米諾斯語": "omn",
"米諾科克語": "mqq",
"米辛語": "mrg",
"米里蒂語": "mmv",
"米雷語": "mvh",
"米齊梅那加語": "nme",
"粗腰語": "cin",
"粟特語": "sog",
"粵語": "yue",
"約依迪克語": "ydk",
"約凱語": "yki",
"約巴語": "yob",
"約拉語": "yol",
"約旦手語": "jos",
"約松杜亞米斯特克語": "mpm",
"約洛索奇特爾米斯特克語": "xty",
"約爾塔約爾塔語": "xyy",
"約爾莫語": "scp",
"約福特克-布羅姆尼亞語": "jbr",
"約魯巴語": "yo",
"紅仡佬語": "gir",
"紅金傣語": "tiz",
"納倫加語": "nnr",
"納凡拉語": "nfr",
"納利克語": "nal",
"納利語": "nss",
"納加爾恰爾語": "nbg",
"納努拜語": "afk",
"納勒戈語": "nlz",
"納卡伊語": "nkj",
"納卡拉語": "nck",
"納卡梅語": "nib",
"納卡納伊語": "nak",
"納古米語": "ngv",
"納哈瓦克語": "sns",
"納基語": "mff",
"納姆博語": "ncm",
"納姆拉語": "naa",
"納巴語": "mne",
"納希奧伊語": "nas",
"納德布語": "mbj",
"納拉甘塞特語": "xnt",
"納斯卡皮語": "nsk",
"納普語": "npy",
"納木依語": "nmy",
"納洛姆語": "nrm",
"納爾卡語": "nlc",
"納特尼語": "ntm",
"納瓦拉-阿拉貢語": "roa-ona",
"納瓦特爾語": "nah",
"納瓦霍語": "nv",
"納瓦魯語": "nwr",
"納盎德昂語": "pll",
"納米比亞手語": "nbs",
"納羅語": "nhr",
"納美語": "art-nav",
"納若語": "ylo",
"納莫語": "mxw",
"納菲語": "srf",
"納蘇語": "ywq",
"納西語": "nxq",
"納語": "nbt",
"納赫蒂加爾米米語": "mis-mmn",
"納里姆語": "loh",
"紐埃語": "niu",
"紐阿富語": "num",
"紐阿托普塔普語": "nkp",
"索亞爾特佩克米斯特克語": "vmq",
"索亞爾特佩克馬薩特克語": "vmp",
"索伊語": "syo",
"索倫語": "tuw-sol",
"索克納語": "swn",
"索克語": "skk",
"索加語": "xog",
"索奇亞帕姆奇南特克語": "cso",
"索姆拉語": "ntx",
"索姆語": "smc",
"索尼基語": "snk",
"索拉什特拉語": "saz",
"索拉語": "srb",
"索拉諾語": "xso",
"索斯昆蒂語": "sdk",
"索洛斯語": "sol",
"索爾索貢-艾塔語": "ays",
"索爾赫伊語": "sqo",
"索瓦語": "sww",
"索科特拉語": "sqt",
"索科羅語": "sok",
"索科語": "soc",
"索萬達語": "sow",
"索語": "sox",
"索貝語": "sob",
"索里-哈林甘語": "sbh",
"索阿語": "ssq",
"索隆巴拉英語": "crp-slb",
"索隆語": "aaw",
"索雷爾港語": "xpl",
"索馬里語": "so",
"紹拉加語": "sle",
"紹爾語": "cjs",
"紹西語": "ssj",
"紹里亞帕哈里亞語": "mjt",
"絨巴語": "lep",
"維克-埃帕語": "wie",
"維克-梅安哈語": "wih",
"維克-蒙坎語": "wim",
"維克-雅塔納語": "wig",
"維克恩根切拉語": "wua",
"維利切語": "huh",
"維利語": "vif",
"維加里語": "wbk",
"維卡爾坎語": "wik",
"維吾爾語": "ug",
"維圖語": "wiv",
"維奇拉姆特斯圭斯奈語": "mzh",
"維奇拉姆特斯諾克滕語": "mtp",
"維奇拉姆特斯韋霍斯語": "wlv",
"維拉維拉語": "wil",
"維拉莫維安語": "wym",
"維斯提奈語": "xvs",
"維普斯語": "vep",
"維爾京群島克里奧爾荷蘭語": "dcr",
"維爾辛語": "kvw",
"維皮語": "gdr",
"維約特語": "wiy",
"維萊拉語": "vil",
"維蒂語": "vit",
"維薩伊語": "uis",
"維蘭古語": "wgu",
"維道語": "wed",
"維達語": "ved",
"維魯語": "wiu",
"綽斯甲語": "jiq",
"綽闊語": "yzk",
"線形文字A": "lab",
"緬甸語": "my",
"羅克普語": "lhp",
"羅圖馬語": "rtm",
"羅姆希臘語": "rge",
"羅姆語": "rom",
"羅姆語-塞爾維亞語": "rsb",
"羅托卡特語": "roo",
"羅拉語": "lcd",
"羅曼什語": "rm",
"羅泊河苗語": "hml",
"羅瓦語": "rwk",
"羅督語": "dtr",
"羅維阿納語": "rug",
"羅興亞語": "rhg",
"羅莫科多語": "mgc",
"羅里亞語": "rga",
"羅馬尼亞手語": "rms",
"羅馬尼亞語": "ro",
"羅馬涅語": "rgn",
"羌塘語": "cna",
"美國手語": "ase",
"美塔語": "mgo",
"美屬維爾京群島克里奧爾語": "vic",
"美索不達米亞阿拉伯語": "acm",
"義都語": "clk",
"羯語": "mis-jie",
"翁奇語": "oon",
"翁布里亞語": "xum",
"翁皮拉語": "ump",
"翁蒂姆語": "gwm",
"翁通爪哇語": "ojv",
"老撾手語": "lso",
"老撾語": "lo",
"老潘語": "lbg",
"老緬語": "lwm",
"考利茲語": "cow",
"考爾納語": "zku",
"考蓋爾語": "ubu",
"考語": "xao",
"考韋拉語": "xau",
"考龍語": "pss",
"耶伊語": "jei",
"耶克伊語": "ets",
"耶夸納語": "mch",
"耶姆巴語": "ybb",
"耶姆特蘭語": "gmq-jmk",
"耶姆薩語": "jnj",
"耶容語": "yrn",
"耶尼語": "yei",
"耶庫阿特拉托托納克語": "tlc",
"耶斯夸語": "yes",
"耶洛古語": "ylg",
"耶爾梅克語": "jel",
"耶特法語": "yet",
"耶科拉語": "ykr",
"耶里多涅語": "yle",
"耶魯庫拉語": "yeu",
"聖伊內斯亞切奇薩波特克語": "zpn",
"聖伊內斯阿瓦特姆潘波波洛卡語": "pca",
"聖佩德羅基亞托尼薩波特克語": "zpf",
"聖保羅坎剛語": "zkp",
"聖卡塔里納阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語": "ztn",
"聖地亞哥拉帕吉亞薩波特克語": "ztl",
"聖地亞哥薩尼卡薩波特克語": "zpr",
"聖多明各阿爾巴拉達斯薩波特克語": "zas",
"聖多美語": "cri",
"聖巴爾塔扎洛希查薩波特克語": "zpx",
"聖彼德羅阿穆茲戈語": "azg",
"聖文森克里奧爾語": "svc",
"聖比森特科亞特蘭薩波特克語": "zpt",
"聖特雷莎科拉語": "cok",
"聖瑪利亞基耶戈拉尼薩波特克語": "zpi",
"聖瑪利亞山區納瓦特爾語": "nhz",
"聖瑪利亞薩卡特佩克米斯特克語": "mza",
"聖盧西亞蒙泰韋爾米斯特克語": "mdv",
"聖米格爾克里奧爾法語": "scf",
"聖米格爾彼德拉斯-米斯特克語": "xtp",
"聖胡安基阿伊赫查蒂諾語": "omq-sjq",
"聖胡安格拉維亞薩波特克語": "zab",
"聖胡安泰塔米斯特克語": "xtj",
"聖胡安科羅拉多米斯特克語": "mjc",
"聖胡安阿欽戈波波洛卡語": "poe",
"聖費利佩奧特拉特佩克波波洛卡語": "pow",
"聖赫羅尼莫特科阿特爾馬薩特克語": "maa",
"聖路易特馬拉卡約卡波波洛卡語": "pps",
"聖阿古斯丁米斯特佩克薩波特克語": "ztm",
"聖馬丁伊通約索特里基語": "trq",
"聖馬科斯特拉爾科亞爾科波波洛卡語": "pls",
"聰加語": "ts",
"肖尼語": "sjw",
"肯休語": "kns",
"肯加語": "kyq",
"肯卡語": "xkf",
"肯圖伊克語": "kmt",
"肯姆布拉語": "xkw",
"肯尼亞手語": "xki",
"肯托赫-巴蘭塔語": "ble",
"肯揚語": "ken",
"肯貝拉諾語": "bzp",
"肯達揚語": "knx",
"胡亞雷斯山薩波特克語": "zaa",
"胡利語": "hui",
"胡基拉米塞語": "mxq",
"胡奧盧語": "hud",
"胡帕語": "hup",
"胡庫米納語": "huw",
"胡志明市手語": "hos",
"胡普拉語": "hap",
"胡普語": "jup",
"胡梅內語": "huf",
"胡特利特德語": "geh",
"胡老拉語": "huy",
"胡蒂亞帕語": "nai-jtp",
"胡邁佩特克語": "nai-jum",
"胡里安語": "xhu",
"胡阿齊派爾語": "hug",
"胡隆語": "huk",
"脫潑語": "ytp",
"腓尼基語": "phn",
"膠州灣洋涇浜德語": "crp-kia",
"臘斯語": "lss",
"臘芒語": "hia",
"臨高語": "onb",
"臺灣手語": "tss",
"與論語": "yox",
"與那國語": "yoi",
"興古河阿蘇里尼語": "asn",
"舍朱奔語": "sdp",
"舍澤語": "sze",
"舍赫維語": "sfw",
"舒亞語": "shg",
"舒什瓦普語": "shs",
"舒格南語": "sgh",
"舒阿爾語": "jiv",
"舒馬斯梯語": "sts",
"色勒庫爾語": "srh",
"色當語": "sed",
"色蓋語": "sge",
"色雷斯語": "txh",
"艾努語": "aib",
"艾卡朱克語": "eka",
"艾嘎嫩語": "tba",
"艾布格胡語": "ebg",
"艾瑪語": "aad",
"艾盧語": "elu",
"艾米利亞語": "egl",
"艾莫爾語": "aim",
"艾西語": "ahs",
"艾貢語": "aix",
"艾通語": "aio",
"艾雷語": "twp",
"艾馬拉語": "ay",
"芒加萊語": "mqy",
"芒布圖語": "mdk",
"芒戈語": "lol",
"芒森語": "mbh",
"芒語": "mtq",
"芒貝圖語": "mdj",
"芬戈語": "gmw-fin",
"芬蘭-瑞典手語": "fss",
"芬蘭手語": "fse",
"芬蘭羅姆語": "rmf",
"芬蘭語": "fi",
"芬貝語": "agl",
"花剌子模突厥語": "zkh",
"花剌子模語": "xco",
"芳語": "fan",
"若買德昂語": "rbb",
"若開語": "rki",
"苦聰話": "lkc",
"英加爾達語": "yia",
"英國手語": "bfi",
"英格里亞語": "izh",
"英語": "en",
"茂奇語": "mke",
"茨姆錫安語": "tsi",
"茨瓦納語": "tn",
"茨茨普語": "awc",
"茨韋布瓦穆語": "bwy",
"茲梁科米語": "kpv",
"茶堡話": "sit-jap",
"茶洞語": "cdy",
"茹馬語": "jua",
"草登話": "sit-tsh",
"草苗語": "cov",
"荷蘭語": "nl",
"莆仙語": "cpx",
"莫亞丹伊特內格語": "ity",
"莫儂語": "moo",
"莫克-阿里阿語": "mwh",
"莫克普韋語": "bri",
"莫克朗語": "mft",
"莫克沙語": "mdf",
"莫其語": "old",
"莫利吉語": "mdb",
"莫利馬語": "mox",
"莫努姆博語": "mxk",
"莫卡納語": "sai-mcn",
"莫古姆語": "mou",
"莫哈維語": "mov",
"莫喬語": "mhc",
"莫圖語": "meu",
"莫埃萊語": "mvq",
"莫基爾語": "mkj",
"莫塔拉瓦語": "mlv",
"莫塔語": "mtt",
"莫奇卡語": "omc",
"莫尼語": "mnz",
"莫巴語": "mfq",
"莫布語": "ahm",
"莫希干語": "mjy",
"莫愛利科摩羅語": "wlc",
"莫拉勒語": "mbe",
"莫拉瓦語": "mze",
"莫斯科納語": "mtj",
"莫札拉布語": "mxi",
"莫桑比克手語": "mzy",
"莫比爾語": "mod",
"莫洛夫語": "msl",
"莫洛科語": "mlw",
"莫洛語": "zmo",
"莫潘瑪雅語": "mop",
"莫爾伯語": "pwm",
"莫爾莫-奧內語": "aun",
"莫爾語 (南島語系)": "mhz",
"莫爾語 (巴布亞諸語言)": "moq",
"莫特洛克語": "mrl",
"莫當語": "mxd",
"莫科維語": "moc",
"莫穆納語": "mqf",
"莫米納語": "mmb",
"莫維瑪語": "mzp",
"莫羅語": "mor",
"莫肯語": "mwt",
"莫西干-佩科特語": "xpq",
"莫西莫語": "mqv",
"莫西語": "mos",
"莫語": "mkg",
"莫里奧里語": "rrm",
"莫雷洛斯納瓦特爾語": "nhm",
"莫雷雷比語": "xmo",
"莫霍克語": "moh",
"莫馬雷語": "msz",
"莫魯語": "mgd",
"莽語": "zng",
"華瓦語": "hoa",
"華納語": "hwo",
"華韋語": "huv",
"菲帕語": "fip",
"菲律賓手語": "psp",
"菲洛梅納-馬塔-科阿維特蘭托托納克語": "tlp",
"菲農甘語": "fag",
"萊勞奇南特克語": "cle",
"萊博語": "agb",
"萊右洛語": "lji",
"萊哈利語": "tql",
"萊塞語": "les",
"萊昂語": "roa-leo",
"萊武卡語": "lvu",
"萊科語": "lkl",
"萊米奧語": "lei",
"萊茵法蘭克尼亞語": "gmw-rfr",
"萊萊帕語": "lpa",
"萊辛-戈利米語": "let",
"萬努語": "jub",
"萬古努語": "mpr",
"萬尼語": "wny",
"萬巴亞語": "wmb",
"萬托阿特語": "wnc",
"萬普爾語": "waz",
"萬曼語": "wbt",
"萬達拉語": "mfi",
"萬達朗語": "wnd",
"萬達語": "wbh",
"萬邦語": "wms",
"萬鴉老馬來語": "xmm",
"葉尼什語": "yec",
"葉語": "jeh",
"葛林芝語": "kvr",
"葡萄牙手語": "psr",
"葡萄牙語": "pt",
"蒂亞巴語": "ahi",
"蒂伊語": "txq",
"蒂南語": "lbf",
"蒂哈爾特佩克米斯特克語": "xtl",
"蒂多雷語": "tvo",
"蒂拉帕奧托米語": "otl",
"蒂昂語": "tbj",
"蒂爾基亞潘薩波特克語": "zts",
"蒂科皮亞語": "tkp",
"蒂穆貢穆魯特語": "tih",
"蒂莫特語": "sai-tim",
"蒂達亞米斯特克語": "mtx",
"蒂馬語": "tms",
"蒂魯賴語": "tiy",
"蒙加卡語": "mhk",
"蒙古手語": "msr",
"蒙古語": "mn",
"蒙基普語": "mpv",
"蒙大拿薩利希語": "fla",
"蒙大拿語": "moe",
"蒙戈勒語": "mhj",
"蒙托爾語": "mtl",
"蒙當語": "mua",
"蒙貢多語": "mog",
"蒙賈尼語": "mnj",
"蒙達尼語": "mnf",
"蒙達布利語": "boe",
"蒙達特語": "mmf",
"蒙達里語": "unr",
"蒙邦語": "mij",
"蒙雷語": "tlq",
"蓋亞那克里奧爾英語": "gyn",
"蓋曼特語": "ahg",
"蓋瑟亞語": "ges",
"蔡家話": "sit-cai",
"蕩格馬利語": "raa",
"薩佩語": "spc",
"薩克語": "sak",
"薩加拉語": "sbm",
"薩努馬語": "xsu",
"薩卡塔語": "skt",
"薩卡姆語": "skm",
"薩卡普爾泰克語": "quv",
"薩卡特佩克查蒂諾語": "ctz",
"薩卡車普語": "sch",
"薩圖馬雷施瓦本語": "gmw-stm",
"薩埃普語": "spd",
"薩塔瓦爾語": "stw",
"薩夫瓦語": "sbk",
"薩奇拉薩波特克語": "ztx",
"薩姆語": "raq",
"薩尼奇語": "str",
"薩尼約-希耶維語": "sny",
"薩尼薩薩波特克語": "zpw",
"薩巴語": "saa",
"薩布魯語": "saq",
"薩帕拉語": "sai-sap",
"薩帕魯亞語": "spr",
"薩拉卡語": "thk",
"薩拉西拉語": "zsa",
"薩拉語": "sre",
"薩拉馬卡語": "srm",
"薩摩亞種植園皮欽語": "crp-spp",
"薩摩亞語": "sm",
"薩斯昆漢諾克語": "sqn",
"薩普安語": "spu",
"薩比尼語": "sbv",
"薩沃薩沃語": "svs",
"薩法利巴語": "saf",
"薩波尼語": "spi",
"薩波特克語": "zap",
"薩波薩語": "sps",
"薩波語": "sbf",
"薩烏塞語": "sao",
"薩爾特-尤伊語": "sll",
"薩爾瓦多手語": "esn",
"薩爾語": "mwm",
"薩爾里語": "sdf",
"薩特弗里斯蘭語": "stq",
"薩瓦伊語": "szw",
"薩盧亞語": "swy",
"薩盧安語": "loe",
"薩約拉波波魯卡語": "pos",
"薩納帕納語": "spn",
"薩維語": "saw",
"薩考語": "sku",
"薩胡語": "saj",
"薩莫吉提亞語": "sgs",
"薩莫薩語": "swm",
"薩莫語": "smq",
"薩菲吉語": "cof",
"薩菲約卡語": "apz",
"薩菲薩菲語": "sav",
"薩萊曼語": "sau",
"薩薩克語": "sas",
"薩薩里語": "sdc",
"薩薩魯語": "sxs",
"薩蘭加尼-馬諾博語": "mbs",
"薩蘭尼加-布拉安語": "bps",
"薩西語": "srs",
"薩語": "sax",
"薩赫威格貝語": "sxw",
"薩達尼薩波特克語": "zax",
"薩達里語": "sck",
"薩那吉亞薩波特克語": "ztg",
"薩阿語": "apb",
"薩霍語": "ssy",
"薩馬羅克納語": "tmj",
"薩馬語": "smd",
"薩魯加語": "sra",
"薩魯杜語": "sdu",
"薩鮑特語": "spy",
"藏斯卡語": "zau",
"藏瓦爾語": "zah",
"藏語": "bo",
"藏雄語": "jna",
"藻敏語": "bpn",
"蘇丹阿拉伯語": "apd",
"蘇亞語": "suy",
"蘇加語": "sgi",
"蘇努姆語": "ymn",
"蘇埃納語": "sue",
"蘇基語": "sui",
"蘇多維亞語": "xsv",
"蘇奧語": "swp",
"蘇巴庫爾語": "sbj",
"蘇巴語": "sxb",
"蘇庫爾語": "syk",
"蘇庫語": "sub",
"蘇庫馬語": "suk",
"蘇庫魯姆語": "zsu",
"蘇戈喬薩波特克語": "zpq",
"蘇拉語": "szn",
"蘇格蘭蓋爾語": "gd",
"蘇比亞語": "sbs",
"蘇毛語": "six",
"蘇洛德語": "srg",
"蘇爾卡語": "sua",
"蘇爾蘇隆嘉語": "sgz",
"蘇爾賈普里語": "sjp",
"蘇瓦瓦語": "swu",
"蘇甘加語": "sug",
"蘇皮爾語": "spp",
"蘇納姆語": "ssk",
"蘇美爾語": "sux",
"蘇蘇語": "sus",
"蘇蘇阿米語": "ssu",
"蘇里南湯加語": "srn",
"蘇里語": "suq",
"蘇里高農語": "sgd",
"蘇阿博語": "szp",
"蘇魯布語": "sde",
"蘇龍語": "suv",
"蘭加姆語": "lnm",
"蘭博語": "rof",
"蘭巴舍語": "lna",
"蘭巴蒂語": "lmn",
"蘭巴語": "lam",
"蘭戈語 (烏干達)": "laj",
"蘭戈語 (蘇丹)": "lno",
"蘭達語": "lah",
"蘭馬語": "lev",
"蠻杜拉枯語": "myu",
"行彤傣語": "tpo",
"衛吉語": "wgo",
"衛朗語": "weu",
"補遠基諾語": "jiy",
"西亞內語": "snp",
"西亞隆語": "slw",
"西代語": "xsd",
"西伍語": "akp",
"西伯利亞韃靼語": "sty",
"西佛蘭德語": "vls",
"西克耶語": "kyu",
"西凱雷斯語": "kjq",
"西切爾克斯語": "ady",
"西利普特語": "mkc",
"西努法納語": "sai-sin",
"西北丁卡語": "diw",
"西北奧吉布瓦語": "ojb",
"西北帕沙伊語": "glh",
"西北法爾斯語": "faz",
"西北瓦哈卡米斯特克語": "mxa",
"西北葛巴亞語": "gya",
"西北邁杜語": "mjd",
"西南丁卡語": "dik",
"西南坦納語": "nwi",
"西南塔拉烏馬拉語": "twr",
"西南巴拉望語": "plv",
"西南帕沙伊語": "psh",
"西南惠水苗語": "hmh",
"西南法爾斯語": "fay",
"西南特佩瓦語": "tla",
"西南特拉夏科米斯特克語": "meh",
"西南葛巴亞語": "gso",
"西南貴陽苗語": "hmg",
"西南邦托克語": "vbk",
"西占語": "cja",
"西卡亞納語": "sky",
"西卡拉博羅語": "kza",
"西卡語": "ski",
"西卡里泰語": "tty",
"西古語": "sxe",
"西古隆語": "gvr",
"西塔烏碧語": "twb",
"西塔蘭甘語": "txn",
"西夏語": "txg",
"西奧吉布瓦語": "ojw",
"西奧納語": "snn",
"西奧語": "xsi",
"西威語": "siz",
"西安加爾語": "akh",
"西寧科勒語": "skq",
"西尤斯特拉瓦卡米斯特克語": "jmx",
"西尼卡瓦米斯特克語": "xti",
"西布基農-馬諾博語": "mbb",
"西布魯語": "brv",
"西希卡克語": "nai-wji",
"西帕巴特卡姆語": "kjl",
"西庫爾語": "scx",
"西庫爾阿拉伯語": "sqr",
"西庫萊語": "skh",
"西弗里斯蘭語": "fy",
"西懷語": "siw",
"西戈都語": "kuf",
"西托托納克語": "tqt",
"西拉卡約亞潘米斯特克語": "mks",
"西拉威語": "lcp",
"西拉語 (漢藏語系)": "slt",
"西拉語 (班圖語支)": "swj",
"西拉雅語": "fos",
"西斐濟語": "wyy",
"西方國際語": "ie",
"西曼丁哥語": "mlq",
"西杜蘭戈納瓦特爾語": "azn",
"西格陵蘭皮欽語": "crp-gep",
"西桑海語": "khq",
"西梅庫語": "smz",
"西梅瓦杭語": "raf",
"西波克倫語": "pwo",
"西海岸巴瑤語": "bdr",
"西烏斯勞語": "sis",
"西烏瓦語": "tnb",
"西烏韋阿語": "uve",
"西爾毛里語": "srx",
"西玻利維亞瓜拉尼語": "gnw",
"西珀南語": "pne",
"西班牙手語": "ssp",
"西班牙語": "es",
"西現代亞拉姆語": "amw",
"西瑙高羅語": "snc",
"西瓦斯特卡納瓦特爾語": "nhw",
"西科特佩克-德華雷斯托托納克語": "too",
"西穆里亞語": "mut",
"西納西納語": "sst",
"西維亞手語": "lsv",
"西羅伊語": "ssd",
"西臘魯語": "ywl",
"西萊尼克語": "ysr",
"西薩拉語": "sld",
"西薩諾語": "sso",
"西藏手語": "lsn",
"西蘇巴農語": "suc",
"西西里語": "scn",
"西西里高盧-意大利語": "roa-gis",
"西谷-巴當語": "skx",
"西谷-德雅語": "sko",
"西達尼語": "dnw",
"西達芒語": "tdg",
"西達馬爾語": "drn",
"西那更語": "siu",
"西部湘西苗語": "muq",
"西部裕固語": "ybe",
"西部高地查蒂諾語": "ctp",
"西部麻山苗語": "hmw",
"西里亞諾語": "sri",
"西里奧諾語": "srq",
"西里莫語": "wul",
"西里西亞語": "szl",
"西錫薩拉語": "ssl",
"西阿帕契語": "apw",
"西阿爾拜比科爾語": "fbl",
"西阿蘭達語": "are",
"西馬嘉爾語": "mrd",
"西馬基安語": "mqs",
"西馬塞拉語": "mss",
"西馬語": "sie",
"西馬里語": "mrj",
"西馬隆貢巴塔克語": "bts",
"角苗語": "hrm",
"設德蘭語": "scz",
"許庫魯斯語": "xoo",
"詹代語": "jan",
"詹普巴爾普古語": "djr",
"詹貢語": "djf",
"誒話": "eee",
"諾博諾布語": "gaw",
"諾帕拉查蒂諾語": "cya",
"諾庫庫語": "nkk",
"諾恩語": "nrn",
"諾拉語": "nrr",
"諾曼語": "nrf",
"諾特勒語": "bly",
"諾特威-梅赫林語": "nwy",
"諾特威語": "ntw",
"諾維亞語": "nov",
"諾茨語": "ncf",
"諾蓋語": "nog",
"謝凡提語": "xer",
"謝努瓦語": "cnu",
"謝卡楚語": "moy",
"謝古語": "tkz",
"謝巴約語": "awd-she",
"謝希卡姆語": "kip",
"謝科語": "she",
"謝達語": "xet",
"豐瓦語": "ula",
"豐語": "fon",
"象雄語": "xzh",
"豪尼語": "how",
"豪薩手語": "hsl",
"豪薩語": "ha",
"貝亞米語": "beo",
"貝克維爾語": "bkw",
"貝內拉夫語": "bnv",
"貝利語": "blm",
"貝勞馬來語": "bve",
"貝塔夫語": "bfe",
"貝塔庫魯姆巴語": "xub",
"貝夸瓦拉語": "bkv",
"貝奧圖克語": "bue",
"貝扎語": "bej",
"貝托伊語": "sai-bet",
"貝拉庫拉語": "blc",
"貝拉斯語": "brs",
"貝拉科語": "bxv",
"貝拉語": "brf",
"貝拉里語": "brw",
"貝拉里雅語": "byw",
"貝斯梅語": "bes",
"貝格語": "gmw-bgh",
"貝梭阿語": "bep",
"貝比爾語": "bxp",
"貝爾特克里奧爾語": "art-bel",
"貝特語": "byf",
"貝納語": "bez",
"貝納貝納語": "bef",
"貝萊語": "bhy",
"貝貝利語": "bek",
"貝貝勒語": "beb",
"貝貝語": "bzv",
"貝都安納斯語": "bed",
"貝里克語": "bkl",
"貝里語": "bey",
"貢古語": "rub",
"貢語 (泰國)": "ugo",
"貢語 (越南)": "cnc",
"貢賈語": "gjn",
"貢邦加爾語": "kgs",
"貴喬語": "dkr",
"貴瓊語": "gqi",
"費蓮達島語": "fln",
"費費語": "fmp",
"賈亞語": "jyy",
"賈卡魯語": "jqr",
"賈姆賽語": "djm",
"賈德加里語": "jdg",
"賈德語": "jda",
"賈拉語": "jaf",
"賈明瓊語": "djd",
"賈普雷里亞語": "jru",
"賈海語": "jhi",
"賈爾奧尤語": "awv",
"賈爾庫南語": "bxl",
"賈瑪瑪蒂語": "jaa",
"賈維語": "djw",
"賈肯克語": "jad",
"賈胡特語": "jah",
"賈萬語": "djn",
"賈貝姆語": "jae",
"賈賈伍龍語": "dja",
"賈韋語": "jaz",
"賈魯語": "ddj",
"賓吉語": "bpj",
"賓夕法尼亞德語": "pdc",
"賓達爾語": "xbd",
"賓陶納語": "bne",
"賽伯伊語": "xsa",
"賽夏語": "xsy",
"賽德克語": "trv",
"賽納語": "seh",
"賽莫德語": "sem-tha",
"贊多語": "dzn",
"贊巴語": "dhm",
"贊德語": "zne",
"贊比亞手語": "zsl",
"贛語": "gan",
"赫哲語": "gld",
"赫孔索語": "anl",
"赫有語": "auk",
"赫朗科爾語": "hra",
"赫梯語": "hit",
"赫爾尼基語": "xhr",
"赫特文語": "hrt",
"赫班語": "hbn",
"赫瓦爾什語": "khv",
"赫瓦語": "ham",
"赫米特語": "llf",
"赫維羅語": "jeb",
"赫耶語": "hre",
"赫赫語": "heh",
"赫迪語": "xed",
"赫隆語": "heg",
"赫雷羅語": "hz",
"赫雷語": "hro",
"赫馬爾語": "hmr",
"赫魯索語": "hru",
"越南語": "vi",
"跨恩斯話": "ykn",
"跨瑪斯話": "yku",
"跨語言": "mul",
"路易塞諾語": "lui",
"路易斯安那克里奧爾法語": "lou",
"車臣語": "ce",
"車蘇語": "ych",
"載瓦語": "atb",
"辛博語": "sbb",
"辛巴里語": "smb",
"辛布里語": "cim",
"辛比蒂-蘇巴語": "ssc",
"辛特羅姆語": "rmo",
"辛特語": "smt",
"辛迪維米斯特克語": "xts",
"辛達林語": "sjn",
"辛雅爾語": "sys",
"辛頗語": "sgp",
"農加利語": "nug",
"農巴米語": "sij",
"農貢語": "paa-nun",
"近世朝鮮語": "ko-ear",
"迦勒底新亞拉姆語": "cld",
"迦摩縷波普拉克里特語": "inc-kam",
"迦龍語": "adl",
"迪亞布蓋語": "dyy",
"迪亞貝爾迪亞貝爾語": "dyb",
"迪伊語": "dur",
"迪內奧爾語": "mrx",
"迪博語": "dio",
"迪埃里語": "dif",
"迪奧迪奧語": "ddi",
"迪奧里語": "der",
"迪安語": "dya",
"迪尤拉語": "dyu",
"迪尤貢語": "dyd",
"迪巴巴旺-馬諾博語": "mbd",
"迪戈語": "dig",
"迪拉沙語": "gdl",
"迪提達語": "dtd",
"迪揚加迪語": "dyn",
"迪梅語": "dim",
"迪津語": "mdx",
"迪烏斯-蒂蘭通戈米斯特克語": "xtd",
"迪爾巴爾語": "dbl",
"迪維希語": "dv",
"迪里姆語": "dir",
"迪里語": "dwa",
"迪阿語": "dia",
"迪靈語": "dil",
"迪馬薩語": "dis",
"通加格語": "lcm",
"通加語 (莫桑比克)": "toh",
"通加語 (贊比亞)": "toi",
"通加語 (馬拉維)": "tog",
"通博諾語": "txa",
"通卡瓦語": "tqw",
"通布卡語": "tum",
"通布魯語": "tom",
"通沙旺語": "tnw",
"通瓊語": "tjg",
"通瓦語": "xgf",
"通萊奧語": "tmq",
"通西亞語": "txs",
"通達諾語": "tdn",
"通騰博安語": "tnt",
"道嘎語": "dgg",
"道恩烏隆語": "dgw",
"道戈索語": "dgs",
"道本語": "tok",
"道洛語": "dwr",
"道語": "kwa",
"達伊語": "dax",
"達內-扎阿語": "bea",
"達凱爾語": "crx",
"達加巴尼語": "dag",
"達努瓦里語": "dhw",
"達努語": "dnv",
"達勞德語": "tld",
"達卡卡語": "bpa",
"達吉克語": "dec",
"達哈利克語": "dlk",
"達哈洛語": "dal",
"達契亞語": "xdc",
"達巴語": "dbq",
"達悟語": "tao",
"達拉格語": "xdk",
"達捷語": "pee",
"達斡爾語": "dta",
"達斯語": "dot",
"達旺門巴語": "twm",
"達格巴語": "dgk",
"達格曼語": "dgn",
"達梅里語": "dml",
"達爾加里語": "dhr",
"達爾米亞語": "drd",
"達爾金語": "dar",
"達爾馬提亞語": "dlm",
"達特基語": "mki",
"達瑙語": "dnu",
"達瓦瓦語": "dww",
"達祿基語": "tlk",
"達科他語": "dak",
"達維拉-達維羅爾語": "ddw",
"達萊語": "dry",
"達薩納赫語": "dsh",
"達薩語": "dzg",
"達蘭吉語": "dhl",
"達諾語": "aso",
"達讓語": "mhu",
"達迪-達迪語": "dda",
"達迪比語": "mps",
"達金容語": "xda",
"達金語": "dcc",
"達阿-凱利語": "kzf",
"達隆語": "dln",
"達雅高路加拉岸語": "klg",
"達馬卡瓦語": "dam",
"達馬爾語": "uhn",
"達馬語 (塞拉利昂)": "dmn-dam",
"達馬語 (尼日利亞)": "dmm",
"達龍巴爾語": "xgm",
"遠西穆里亞語": "fmu",
"遮羅語": "crw",
"邁伊語": "mmm",
"邁希語": "mjz",
"邁普雷語": "awd-mpr",
"邁盧語": "mgu",
"邁蒂利語": "mai",
"邁赫拉語": "gdq",
"邁辛語": "mbq",
"邁錫尼希臘語": "gmy",
"邁阿密-伊利諾伊語": "mia",
"邏輯語": "jbo",
"那不勒斯語": "nap",
"那加克里奧爾語": "nag",
"邦代語": "bou",
"邦博利語": "bml",
"邦卡語": "mfb",
"邦古拉語": "glc",
"邦古邦古語": "bnx",
"邦吉利語": "bui",
"邦吉語": "bdg",
"邦巴語": "bbe",
"邦戈語": "bot",
"邦蓋語": "bgz",
"邦語": "bqd",
"邦都語": "bfw",
"邵將語": "sjc",
"邵語": "ssf",
"邵里語": "srt",
"郎念布央語": "yln",
"都利語": "mvp",
"都卡諾語": "tuo",
"都夏語": "tud",
"都尤咖語": "tue",
"都東語": "ttg",
"都比尼欽語": "tpk",
"都特利語": "dty",
"都里瓦拉語": "twt",
"鄂倫春語": "orh",
"鄂圖曼土耳其語": "ota",
"鄂溫克語": "evn",
"鄂溫語": "eve",
"鄂羅克語": "oaa",
"鄒語": "tsu",
"采茲語": "ddo",
"里比薩語": "rkb",
"里潑語": "lpo",
"里菲安語": "rif",
"里里奧語": "rri",
"金加語": "zga",
"金古魯語": "jig",
"金基語": "sbt",
"金塔克語": "knq",
"金布語": "kiv",
"金瑙里語": "kfk",
"金邦杜語": "kmb",
"金門語": "mji",
"錦語": "aih",
"錫伯語": "sjo",
"錫帕卡帕語": "qum",
"錫拉語": "sry",
"錫爾赫特語": "syl",
"錫金語": "sip",
"錫默盧語": "smr",
"鎖內嘎話": "ysg",
"門卓波隆語": "npn",
"門卡語": "mea",
"門德語": "men",
"門根語": "mee",
"門西語": "umu",
"門諾低地德語": "pdt",
"門雅語": "mcr",
"閩中語": "czo",
"閩北語": "mnp",
"閩南語": "nan",
"閩東語": "cdo",
"關切語": "gnc",
"關必沙語": "hub",
"關比安諾語": "gum",
"關達拉語": "gwn",
"阿丘亞爾語": "acu",
"阿丹格貝語": "adq",
"阿亞烏特拉馬薩特克語": "vmy",
"阿什昆語": "ask",
"阿伊佐語": "ayb",
"阿伊努語": "ain",
"阿伊沃語": "nfl",
"阿伍圖語": "afu",
"阿佤語": "vwa",
"阿倫古爾語": "aus-alu",
"阿克佩斯語": "ibe",
"阿克帕語": "akf",
"阿克羅語": "acs",
"阿克蘭語": "akl",
"阿克語": "aik",
"阿克隆語": "acz",
"阿內姆語": "anz",
"阿內瓊語": "aty",
"阿利亞瓦拉語": "aly",
"阿利加布語": "ark",
"阿利語": "aiy",
"阿加圖語": "agc",
"阿加拉比語": "agd",
"阿加萬語": "alg-aga",
"阿努亞克語": "anu",
"阿努基語": "aui",
"阿努塔語": "aud",
"阿努斯語": "auq",
"阿努福語": "cko",
"阿勒卡諾語": "gah",
"阿勒曼尼語": "gsw",
"阿勒楚喀語": "tuw-alk",
"阿包語": "aau",
"阿博姆語": "aob",
"阿卡-博語": "akm",
"阿卡-卡里語": "aci",
"阿卡-科德語": "akx",
"阿卡-科拉語": "ack",
"阿卡-科爾語": "aky",
"阿卡-貝阿語": "abj",
"阿卡哈語": "ijs",
"阿卡德語": "akk",
"阿卡拉薩米語": "sia",
"阿卡沃約語": "ake",
"阿卡爾-巴萊語": "acl",
"阿卡特佩克-梅帕語": "tpx",
"阿卡特克語": "knj",
"阿卡舍蘭語": "aks",
"阿卡語": "ahk",
"阿卡語 (中非)": "axk",
"阿古塔農語": "agn",
"阿古桑-馬諾博語": "msm",
"阿古爾語": "agx",
"阿古語": "ahh",
"阿吉語": "aif",
"阿哲拉語": "adz",
"阿哲語": "yiz",
"阿喬利語": "ach",
"阿喬馬維語": "acv",
"阿困穌語": "aqz",
"阿坎語": "ak",
"阿坦奎語": "cba-ata",
"阿坦帕雅語": "amz",
"阿塔卡帕語": "aqp",
"阿塔帕迪庫龍巴語": "pkr",
"阿塔特拉烏卡米斯特克語": "mib",
"阿塔語": "atm",
"阿塞拜疆語": "az",
"阿多拉語": "adh",
"阿多納拉語": "adr",
"阿夸語": "akw",
"阿奇語": "aqc",
"阿契語": "acr",
"阿如歐普語": "lsr",
"阿姆哈拉語": "am",
"阿姆巴語": "utp",
"阿威其語": "awe",
"阿嫩別語": "aan",
"阿孟搭瓦語": "adw",
"阿富汗手語": "afg",
"阿寧迪爾雅夸語": "aoi",
"阿尤特拉米斯特克語": "miy",
"阿尤語": "ayu",
"阿尼普佤語": "ypn",
"阿尼美勒語": "anf",
"阿尼莫羅福語": "mtb",
"阿尼語": "hnh",
"阿尼迪歐語": "bzb",
"阿岱語": "xad",
"阿巴克農語": "abx",
"阿巴加語": "abg",
"阿巴扎語": "abq",
"阿布亞語": "abn",
"阿布伊語": "abz",
"阿布勒尼語": "mgj",
"阿布勒語": "abu",
"阿布哈茲語": "ab",
"阿布日嫩語": "apu",
"阿布語": "ado",
"阿布阿拉佩什語": "aah",
"阿希拉尼語": "ahr",
"阿帕利語": "ena",
"阿帕塔尼語": "apt",
"阿帕布拉姆沙語": "inc-apa",
"阿帕拉契語": "xap",
"阿帕斯科-阿波亞拉米斯特克語": "mip",
"阿帕萊語": "apy",
"阿庫姆語": "aku",
"阿庫色語": "bss",
"阿弗里希利語": "afh",
"阿彝子語": "yyz",
"阿德勒語": "ade",
"阿德尼亞馬塔納語": "adt",
"阿戈伊語": "ibm",
"阿戈布語": "kit",
"阿扎語 (尼日爾-剛果語系)": "ajg",
"阿扎語 (尼羅-撒哈拉語系)": "aja",
"阿扎語 (漢藏語系)": "aza",
"阿托拉達語": "aox",
"阿拉伯島阿埃塔語": "dul",
"阿拉伯語": "ar",
"阿拉克語": "alk",
"阿拉列-達布拉罕語": "atq",
"阿拉卡特拉扎拉米斯特克語": "mim",
"阿拉基語": "akr",
"阿拉奧納語": "aro",
"阿拉姆巴語": "stk",
"阿拉威德語": "awt",
"阿拉巴納語": "ard",
"阿拉巴索語": "arj",
"阿拉巴語": "alw",
"阿拉帕霍語": "arp",
"阿拉戈語": "ala",
"阿拉扎帕語": "nai-ala",
"阿拉斯-克盧埃特語": "btz",
"阿拉格瓦語": "wbj",
"阿拉爾語": "all",
"阿拉瓜爾語": "rkw",
"阿拉瓦克語": "arw",
"阿拉瓦語": "aru",
"阿拉納丹語": "aaf",
"阿拉貝拉語": "arl",
"阿拉貢語": "an",
"阿拉迪安": "ald",
"阿拜語": "poz-abi",
"阿提卡米克語": "atj",
"阿摩爾語": "alx",
"阿斯圖里亞斯語": "ast",
"阿日厄語": "aji",
"阿昌語": "acn",
"阿普泰語": "apx",
"阿普特普南語": "pud",
"阿普羅語": "ahp",
"阿普馬語": "kbx",
"阿普麻語": "app",
"阿曼阿拉伯語": "acx",
"阿本語": "kgr",
"阿朱魯語": "wyr",
"阿松博亞語": "aua",
"阿林語": "xrn",
"阿查瓜語": "aca",
"阿查瓦卡語": "atc",
"阿根廷手語": "aed",
"阿桑戈利語": "sjg",
"阿桑語": "xss",
"阿梅勒語": "aey",
"阿梅薩語": "ame",
"阿楚格維語": "atw",
"阿楞語": "aem",
"阿榮語": "azo",
"阿歐語": "aou",
"阿比-楠榜語": "ljp",
"阿比亞語": "aby",
"阿比吉語": "abi",
"阿比坡尼語": "axb",
"阿比諾姆語": "bsa",
"阿比那也語": "apn",
"阿毛語": "amo",
"阿沃卡雅語": "avu",
"阿法德語": "aal",
"阿法爾語": "aa",
"阿波利斯塔語": "awd-apo",
"阿洛普拉語": "ypo",
"阿洛阿帕姆薩波特克語": "zaq",
"阿洪姆語": "aho",
"阿溫語": "awi",
"阿漢塔語": "aha",
"阿漢布語": "ahb",
"阿燦語": "cch",
"阿爾-賽義德貝都因手語": "syy",
"阿爾佤語": "stu",
"阿爾博雷語": "arv",
"阿爾及利亞手語": "asp",
"阿爾及利亞阿拉伯語": "arq",
"阿爾古尼語": "agf",
"阿爾吉特語": "aid",
"阿爾塔語": "atz",
"阿爾塞亞語": "aes",
"阿爾岡昆語": "alq",
"阿爾巴尼亞手語": "sqk",
"阿爾巴尼亞語": "sq",
"阿爾戈巴語": "agj",
"阿爾托薩波特克語": "zpp",
"阿爾瓦科語": "arh",
"阿爾科紹卡米斯特克語": "xta",
"阿爾維里-維達里語": "avd",
"阿特帕里亞語": "aph",
"阿特納語": "aht",
"阿瑪納卜語": "amn",
"阿瑪語": "amm",
"阿瓜卡特卡語": "agu",
"阿瓜諾語": "aga",
"阿瓜魯那語": "agr",
"阿瓦-卡諾伊羅語": "avv",
"阿瓦克語": "awo",
"阿瓦巴卡爾語": "awk",
"阿瓦德語": "awa",
"阿瓦拉語": "awx",
"阿瓦烏語": "avb",
"阿瓦爾語": "av",
"阿瓦爾語 (新幾內亞)": "aya",
"阿瓦蒂梅語": "avn",
"阿瓦語 (新幾內亞)": "awb",
"阿留特語": "alr",
"阿留申語": "ale",
"阿當梅語": "ada",
"阿當語": "adn",
"阿皮亞卡語": "api",
"阿盧固語": "aub",
"阿盧庫魯姆巴語": "xua",
"阿盧爾語": "alz",
"阿盧語": "mte",
"阿科勒特語": "akt",
"阿科耶語": "miw",
"阿穆爾達克語": "amg",
"阿米語": "amy",
"阿約克斯科薩波特克語": "zaf",
"阿納卡朗古語": "akg",
"阿納姆古拉語": "imi",
"阿納廷加多貢語": "dti",
"阿納昂語": "anw",
"阿納爾語": "anm",
"阿索尤梅帕語": "tpc",
"阿細語": "yix",
"阿維坎語": "avi",
"阿維拉語": "awr",
"阿維斯陀語": "ae",
"阿羅普-羅科普科語 ": "apr",
"阿羅爾語": "aol",
"阿羅西語": "aia",
"阿羅語": "yna",
"阿羅馬尼亞語": "rup",
"阿美語": "ami",
"阿義語": "ayq",
"阿翰語": "ahn",
"阿耶勒語": "aye",
"阿莫爾特佩卡米斯特克語": "mbz",
"阿菲蒂語": "aft",
"阿萊格語": "alf",
"阿蒂耶語": "ati",
"阿蒂語": "atk",
"阿薩姆語": "as",
"阿薩羅奧語": "mtv",
"阿薩語": "aas",
"阿蘇埃奧尤語": "psa",
"阿蘇語": "aum",
"阿蘇里尼語": "asu",
"阿蘇里語": "asr",
"阿蘭岡語": "alj",
"阿蘭布拉克語": "amp",
"阿蘭語": "xln",
"阿西內本語": "asb",
"阿西魯魯語": "asl",
"阿貝納基語": "abe",
"阿貝語": "aba",
"阿賈瓦語": "ajw",
"阿赫瓦赫語": "akv",
"阿赫語": "guq",
"阿車語": "yif",
"阿輸迦普拉克里特語": "inc-ash",
"阿迪廷吉蒂格語": "dth",
"阿迪烏克魯語": "adj",
"阿迪瓦西奧利亞語": "ort",
"阿迪語": "adi",
"阿通語 (印度)": "aot",
"阿通語 (喀麥隆)": "ato",
"阿達普語": "adp",
"阿達森語": "tiu",
"阿達莫羅貝手語": "ads",
"阿達貝語": "adb",
"阿邁蒙語": "ali",
"阿邦語": "abo",
"阿鄔語": "yiu",
"阿里卡拉語": "ari",
"阿里吉蒂語": "aqg",
"阿里肯語": "ait",
"阿里語": "aiw",
"阿里語 (新幾內亞)": "aac",
"阿雅巴德胡語": "ayd",
"阿雷巴語": "aea",
"阿雷語": "mwc",
"阿雷阿雷語": "alu",
"阿霍語": "aok",
"阿馬哈伊語": "amq",
"阿馬拉凱里語": "amr",
"阿馬拉斯語": "aaz",
"阿馬拉語": "aie",
"阿馬特蘭薩波特克語": "zpo",
"阿馬華卡語": "amc",
"阿馬那也語": "ama",
"阿馬里扎納語": "awd-ama",
"阿魯塔尼語": "atx",
"阿魯姆-特蘇語": "aab",
"阿魯尼語": "alp",
"阿魯提克語": "ems",
"阿魯阿什語": "arx",
"阿魯阿穆語": "msy",
"阿黎法瑪-米尼亞菲亞語": "aai",
"陶亞語": "tya",
"陶塞語": "tad",
"陶希羅語": "trr",
"陶斯語": "twf",
"陶蘇格語": "tsg",
"隆-瓦特語": "ttw",
"隆古達語": "lnu",
"隆昆語": "rmk",
"隆聰語": "lce",
"雅伊吉爾語": "xya",
"雅凱語": "jaq",
"雅加語": "yag",
"雅卡爾泰克語": "jac",
"雅卡語": "ybh",
"雅庫特語": "sah",
"雅拉哈坦語": "jal",
"雅朋達語": "yev",
"雅杭語": "rhp",
"雅格諾比語": "yai",
"雅浦語": "yap",
"雅烏爾語": "yre",
"雅烏語": "tmu",
"雅烏魯語": "ywr",
"雅爾魯延迪語": "yry",
"雅瓦語": "yva",
"雅瓦那瓦語": "ywn",
"雅茲古拉米語": "yah",
"雅西克語": "ysc",
"雅雷凱語": "yra",
"雅雷巴語": "yrb",
"雍古手語": "ygs",
"雪爾塔語": "sth",
"雪蘭莪手語": "kgi",
"雷亞薩諾語": "rey",
"雷勞語": "rea",
"雷厄勒語": "atu",
"雷塔語": "ret",
"雷州話": "luh",
"雷彭語": "lek",
"雷摩朗語": "ley",
"雷舍語": "res",
"雷莫語": "rem",
"雷蒂亞語": "xrr",
"雷蒙達道阿埃塔語": "agv",
"雷馬語": "bow",
"霍亞霍亞語": "hhy",
"霍伊亞霍伊亞語": "hhi",
"霍內語": "juh",
"霍利丘克語": "hoi",
"霍卓語": "hoz",
"霍安語": "huc",
"霍汪甘語": "hov",
"霍洛霍洛語": "hoo",
"霍爾馬語": "hod",
"霍特語": "hot",
"霍皮語": "hop",
"霍盧語": "hol",
"霍羅姆語": "hoe",
"霍羅語": "hor",
"霍語": "hoc",
"霍里雅語": "hoy",
"靈戈烏語": "rgu",
"青仡佬語": "giq",
"青苗語": "hnj",
"非利士語": "mis-phi",
"非洲塞米諾爾克爾奧爾語": "afs",
"革什扎語": "ero-gsz",
"韃靼語": "tt",
"韋尼語": "wrn",
"韋恩語": "hwa",
"韋托語": "woy",
"韋拉基語": "wlk",
"韋拉阿語": "vra",
"韋梅格貝語": "wem",
"韋米里-阿特羅阿里語": "atr",
"韋耶瓦語": "wew",
"韋赫語": "weh",
"韋里語": "wer",
"韋韋特拉特佩瓦語": "tee",
"韋馬萊語": "weo",
"韓國手語": "kvk",
"韶州土話": "zhx-sht",
"香檳語": "roa-cha",
"香港手語": "hks",
"馬亞瓦利語": "yxa",
"馬亞語": "slz",
"馬京達瑙語": "mdh",
"馬伊-他庫爾蒂語": "xyt",
"馬伊亞語": "sks",
"馬伊庫蘭語": "mnt",
"馬伊瓦拉語": "mum",
"馬來奕語": "beg",
"馬來西亞手語": "xml",
"馬來語": "ms",
"馬來達雅語": "xdy",
"馬傑拉語": "xmj",
"馬克萊語": "mgf",
"馬六甲克里奧爾葡萄牙語": "mcm",
"馬六甲克里奧爾馬來語": "ccm",
"馬其布語": "mzo",
"馬其斯語": "mpq",
"馬其頓語": "mk",
"馬利亞穆語": "xru",
"馬利布語": "sai-mlb",
"馬利拉語": "mgq",
"馬利納爾特佩克特拉帕克語": "tcf",
"馬加哈特語": "mtw",
"馬加希語": "mag",
"馬努塞拉語": "wha",
"馬努斯語": "ttv",
"馬勒語": "mdy",
"馬勞語": "mvr",
"馬南卡利語": "znk",
"馬南語": "nmm",
"馬卡揚語": "aup",
"馬卡莎語": "mkz",
"馬卡萊羅語": "mjb",
"馬卡語": "mcp",
"馬卡關語": "mbn",
"馬古拉比語": "mpu",
"馬古納語": "myy",
"馬古西語": "mbc",
"馬吉內里語": "mpd",
"馬哈蘇帕哈里語": "bfz",
"馬哈里語": "mjx",
"馬哥馬語": "gmx",
"馬圖卡爾語": "mjk",
"馬圖汪加語": "mpj",
"馬圖蘇利那語": "vma",
"馬埃語": "mme",
"馬塔加爾帕語": "mtn",
"馬塔納維語": "sai-mat",
"馬塞普語": "mvs",
"馬夏卡里語": "mbl",
"馬夸語": "mgh",
"馬奇根加語": "mcb",
"馬姆語": "mam",
"馬孔德語": "kde",
"馬安揚語": "mhy",
"馬尤瑤-伊富高語": "ifu",
"馬尼帕語": "mqp",
"馬巴語": "mqa",
"馬希語": "mho",
"馬庫瓦語": "lva",
"馬庫語": "xak",
"馬庫里語": "jmn",
"馬德恩蓋萊語": "zml",
"馬恩伊特內格語": "itt",
"馬恰美語": "jmc",
"馬戈里語": "zgr",
"馬扎格維語": "dkx",
"馬托爾語": "mtm",
"馬托語": "met",
"馬投爾語": "mvb",
"馬拉克馬拉克語": "mpb",
"馬拉利語": "sai-mal",
"馬拉加斯語": "mg",
"馬拉古斯語": "mrs",
"馬拉地語": "mr",
"馬拉姆那加語": "nma",
"馬拉威手語": "lws",
"馬拉拉邁語": "mmt",
"馬拉斯語": "mkr",
"馬拉格伊語": "vmh",
"馬拉桑加語": "mqz",
"馬拉欽語": "mrh",
"馬拉爾揚語": "mjq",
"馬拉瑙語": "mrw",
"馬拉萬語": "awd-mar",
"馬拉蒂諾語": "sai-mar",
"馬拉薩爾語": "ymr",
"馬拉農庫語": "zmr",
"馬拉雅拉姆語": "ml",
"馬拉雷利語": "mgb",
"馬拉韋丹語": "mjr",
"馬拉馬拉薩爾語": "ima",
"馬揚納語": "yan",
"馬斯克林斯語": "klv",
"馬斯巴特索索貢語": "bks",
"馬斯巴特語": "msb",
"馬斯拉姆語": "msv",
"馬斯馬斯語": "ism",
"馬普切語": "arn",
"馬曼達語": "skc",
"馬杜卡揚卡林阿語": "kmd",
"馬林加爾語": "zmt",
"馬林德語": "mrz",
"馬林朋語": "mli",
"馬格達萊納佩尼亞斯科米斯特克語": "xtm",
"馬比雷語": "muj",
"馬江語": "mpe",
"馬法語": "maf",
"馬波約語": "mcg",
"馬洛爾語": "mbk",
"馬洪圭語": "mhb",
"馬滕戈語": "mgv",
"馬爾他手語": "mdl",
"馬爾他語": "mt",
"馬爾加尼語": "zmc",
"馬爾加納語": "vml",
"馬爾卡語": "rkm",
"馬爾古語": "mhg",
"馬爾吉語": "mrt",
"馬爾巴語": "mpg",
"馬爾帕哈里亞語": "mkb",
"馬爾格貝語": "mxf",
"馬爾法語": "mvu",
"馬爾瓦語": "mup",
"馬爾西語": "ims",
"馬爾馬語": "rmz",
"馬特巴特語": "xmt",
"馬特拉爾辛卡語": "mat",
"馬特爾語": "mfh",
"馬班語": "mfz",
"馬瓦克語": "mjj",
"馬瓦語": "mcw",
"馬瓦里語": "mwr",
"馬皮迪安語": "mpw",
"馬皮阿語": "mpy",
"馬盧-基倫格語": "mgl",
"馬科爾科爾語": "zmh",
"馬穆朱語": "mqx",
"馬穆西語": "kdf",
"馬策語": "mcf",
"馬約戈語": "mdm",
"馬約特科摩羅語": "swb",
"馬約語": "mfy",
"馬納姆語": "mva",
"馬紹爾語": "mh",
"馬維斯語": "mgk",
"馬羅沃語": "mvo",
"馬艾語": "ymm",
"馬蒂沙祿-馬諾博語": "mbt",
"馬蒂馬蒂語": "dmd",
"馬蓬語": "sjm",
"馬薩巴語": "myx",
"馬薩拉特語": "mdg",
"馬薩爾特佩克薩波特克語": "zpy",
"馬薩特蘭米塞語": "mzl",
"馬薩特蘭馬薩特克語": "vmz",
"馬薩迪伊特伊特內格語": "tis",
"馬薩那語": "mcn",
"馬蘭戈語": "mln",
"馬西旺語": "bnf",
"馬諾語": "mev",
"馬賽語": "mas",
"馬贊德蘭語": "mzn",
"馬赫梅里語": "mhe",
"馬迪語": "mhi",
"馬通比語": "mgw",
"馬達克語": "mmx",
"馬達加斯加手語": "mzc",
"馬達語 (喀麥隆)": "mxu",
"馬達語 (尼日利亞)": "mda",
"馬都拉語": "mad",
"馬里丹語": "zmd",
"馬里克語": "dad",
"馬里希特-帕薩瑪奎迪語": "pqm",
"馬里提亞賓語": "zmj",
"馬里烏波爾希臘語": "grk-mar",
"馬里科帕語": "mrc",
"馬里耶迪語": "zmy",
"馬里蒂爾語": "mfr",
"馬里諾語": "mrb",
"馬里馬寧迪語": "zmm",
"馬阿卡語": "mew",
"馬陵語": "mbw",
"馬雅古杜納語": "xmy",
"馬霍語": "mxx",
"馬馬阿語": "mhf",
"馬魯波語": "mzr",
"馬魯西尼語": "umc",
"馬龍降靈語": "crp-mar",
"騰格爾語": "tes",
"驃語": "pyx",
"高加索阿爾巴尼亞語": "xag",
"高句麗語": "zkg",
"高地孔喬語": "kjk",
"高地托托納克語": "tos",
"高地普埃布拉納瓦特爾語": "azz",
"高地波波魯卡語": "poi",
"高地瓦哈卡瓊塔爾語": "chd",
"高棉語": "km",
"高欄語": "mlc",
"高瓦達語": "gwd",
"高盧語": "cel-gau",
"高等瓦雷利亞語": "art-vlh",
"高羅語": "gwf",
"高語": "gga",
"魁北克手語": "fcs",
"魯凱語": "dru",
"魯圖爾語": "rut",
"魯夫語": "ldq",
"魯姆語": "klq",
"魯巴魯魯亞語": "lua",
"魯烏利語": "ruc",
"魯瓦蒂語": "luv",
"魯菲吉語": "rui",
"鮑羅語": "bxa",
"鮑茲語": "bvz",
"鮑里巴雷里語": "bfb",
"鮮卑語": "mis-xbi",
"鳩古洛語": "kui",
"麥因迪埃塔語": "blx",
"麥安契埃塔語": "sgb",
"麥瓦語 (印尼)": "wmm",
"麥瓦語 (新幾內亞)": "mti",
"麥羅埃語": "xmr",
"麻楞語": "pkt",
"麻薩諸塞語": "wam",
"黎語": "lic",
"黑暗語": "art-bsp",
"黑木吉語": "ybk",
"黑腳語": "bla",
"默切諾語": "mhn",
"黛語": "dij",
"齊切瓦語": "ny",
"齊古拉語": "ziw",
"齊古納語": "tca",
"齊普澤德語": "gmw-zps",
"齊瓊依-齊基哈納-奇考瑪語": "coh",
"齊里亞語": "zir",
"齊阿洛語": "zil",
"齊阿語": "zia",
"齊馬卡尼語": "mok",
"齊齊利瓦坎語": "ziz",
"龍加語": "rng",
"龍古斯語": "drg",
"龍基語": "roe",
"龍家語": "sit-lnj",
"龍巖話": "nan-lnx",
"龍托語": "wok",
"龍瓦語": "rnw",
"龐瓦利語": "pgg",
"龐瓦語": "pbr",
"龜崙語": "uon",
"𱎼家語": "hmj"
}
3pbwt1bdjdrszd7ghxba87e6xu76qev
Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/mьgla
118
2224374
9935036
9910054
2026-09-30T16:12:58Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9935036
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sla-pro|*mьgà|*mĩglъ}}
===詞源===
源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*míglāˀ}},源自{{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₃mígʰleh₂|t=雲,霧}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*mьglà|f}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|338|*mьglà; *mьgà; *miglъ|f. ā; f. ā; m. o (b) ‘mist, haze’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|mьgla mьgly|''b'' haze, mist (NA 90, 141; SA 20, 138)}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|大氣現象}} [[霧]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|mьglà|ap=b}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der4|sla-pro
|*mьglati
|*mьglěnъ
|*mьglěti
|*mьglica
|*mьglistъ
|*mьglišče
|*mьgliti
|*mьglivъ
|*mьgljavъ
|*mьglovitъ
|*mьglovъ
|*mьglъ
|*mьglьnъ
}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|мьгла|мегла|мгла}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|имгла́|мгла́}}
**** {{desc|be|імгла́}}
**** {{desc|rue|молга}}
**** {{desc|uk|імла́|имла́|мла́}}
*** {{desc|ru|мгла}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|мьгла}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⰿⱐⰳⰾⰰ}}
** {{desc|bg|мъгла́}}
** {{desc|mk|ма́гла}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ма̀гла|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|màgla|sclang=1}}
*** 查方言 {{a|sla-pro|Vrgada}}:{{l|sh|maglȁ}}
*** 卡伊方言 {{a|sla-pro|Bednja}}:{{l|sh|mīēglȍ}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|məglȁ|mə̀gla}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|mlha}}
*** {{desc|cs|mlha}}
**** 波西米亞 {{a|sla-pro|Chod 方言}}:{{l|cs|mhla}}
** {{desc|pox|ḿåglă}}
** {{desc|pl|mgła}}
** {{desc|sk|hmla}}
** {{desc|zlw-slv|mgla}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|mihel|mhła}}
*** {{desc|dsb|mła}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*mьgla I|93|21}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|мгла}}
* {{R:xcl:Martirosyan|page=457–458}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{reconstruction}}
==原始阿爾岡昆語==
===名詞===
{{head|alg-pro|名詞|g=an}}<ref name="Goddard">{{R:umu:Goddard:1982|37}}</ref>
# {{c|alg-pro|齧齒目}} [[河狸]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 中阿爾岡昆語支:
** {{desc|chy|hóma'e}}
** 克里-蒙大拿語支:
*** {{desc|cr|-}}
***: {{desc|cr|ᐊᒥᐢᐠ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|cr|amisk|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|crl|ᐊᒥᔅᒄ}}
*** {{desc|crj|ᐊᒥᔅᒄ}}
*** {{desc|moe|amishkᵘ}}
*** {{desc|nsk|ᐊᒥᔅᒄ}}
** {{desc|sac|amehkwa}}
** {{desc|mia|amehkwa}}
** 奧吉布瓦-珀塔瓦托米語支:
*** 奧吉布瓦語支:
**** {{desc|alq|amik}}
**** {{desc|oj|amik}}
**** {{desc|otw|mik}}
*** {{desc|pot|mek}}
* 東阿爾岡昆語支:
** 阿貝納基語支:
*** {{desc|abe|tmakwa}}
*** {{desc|aaq|tə̀mahkʷe}}
** 特拉華語支:
*** {{desc|umu|amoxkw}}
*** {{desc|unm|tëmakwe}}
** 南新英格蘭語支:
*** {{desc|xpq|tumôhq}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*plet-}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*pleth₂-}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|n|head=*pleťè}}
# {{c|sla-pro|身體部位}} [[肩膀]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun|pleťè|ap=b}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|sla-pro|*òrmo}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:{{l|orv|плече}}、{{l|orv|плечи|g=d}}、{{l|orv|плеча|g=p}}
** {{desc|be|плячо́|пле́чы|g2=p}}
** {{desc|ru|плечо́|пле́чи|g2=p|плеча́|g3=p}} {{qualifier|古舊}}
** {{desc|uk|плече́|пле́чі|g2=p}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|плєщє}}、{{l|cu|плєщи|g=d}}、{{l|cu|плєща|g=p|t=肩胛骨}}
** {{desc|bg|пле́щи|g=p|t=肩胛}}
** {{desc|mk|плеќи|g=p|t=肩胛}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|плѐће|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|плѐћа|g=p}}、{{l|sh|пле̏ħи|g=f-p||肩胛}}
**: 拉丁字母:{{l|sh|plèće}}、{{l|sh|plèća|g=p}}、{{l|sh|plȅći|g=f-p||肩胛}}
*** 黑山 {{a|sh|皮佩里}}:{{l|sh|plećȅ}}
** {{desc|sl|plêče|t=肩胛}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|plece}}
** {{desc|csb|plecë}}
** {{desc|pox|plicĕ}}
** {{desc|pl|plece|plecy|g2=p|t2=背部}}
** {{desc|szl|pleca}}
** {{desc|sk|plece}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|placo}}
*** {{desc|hsb|pleco}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|פּלייצע}} {{qualifier|借自一中介斯拉夫語言}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|плечо́}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
===其他重構===
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₂elbʰós}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*h₄elbʰós}}<ref name="TOitPIEatPIEw">{{R:TOitPIEatPIEw|head=''*h₄elbhós''|page=55}}</ref>
===形容詞===
{{ine-adj|-}}<ref name="Ringe 2006">{{R:gem:PIEPG|page=10}}</ref>
# [[白色]]的
====屈折====
{{ine-decl-adj|albʰó}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ine-pro||*(H)albʰ-H-nó-s}} 或 {{l|ine-pro||*(H)albʰ-eno-s}}?
** {{desc|cel-pro|*albanos}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(H)albʰ[[-ih₂]]}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*albī|t=河|unc=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(H)albʰ[[-is|-i-s]]}}
** {{desc|ine-pro|*(H)albʰ-[[-yós|{{sup|i}}y]]-[[-ō|on]]-|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|cel-pro|*albiyū}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*albiz|t=小精靈}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ine-pro|*h₂élbʰit|alt=*(H)álbʰ-it|t=大麥|nolang=1|unc=1}}
* {{l|ine-pro|*(H)álbʰ[[-us]] ~ *(H)l̥bʰ-éw-s}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*r̥bʰúš|t=熟練的}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*r̥bʰúṣ}}
**** {{desc|sa|ऋभु|tr=ṛbhú}}
未排序構形:
* {{desc|hyx-pro|*aławun|unc=1}}
** {{desc|xcl|աղաւնի|t=鴿}} {{qualifier|可能}}
* {{desc|gem-pro|*albits|alt=*albits ~ *albuts|t=天鵝}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|sla-pro|*olbǫdь|t=天鵝}} {{see desc}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ine-ana-pro|*albós}}
** {{desc|hit|𒀠𒉺𒀸|tr=alpas|sc=Xsux}}
* {{desc|cel-pro|*albos}}
* {{desc|grk-pro|*alpʰós}}
** {{desc|grc|ἀλφός}}
* {{desc|itc-pro|*alβos}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|urj-fin-pro|*kalbas|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fi|kalvas|kalpea}}
** {{desc|krl|kalpie}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{also|खन्|खान|खानि|खाना|ख़ाना|खानु|खाने|खानो|खानों|ख़ून|खेना|खोना}}
==印地語==
===詞源===
{{root|hi|iir-pro|*kan-}}
{{root|hi|sa|खन्}}
{{lbor|hi|sa|खनि|tr=khaní}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|f}}
# {{lb|hi|rare|正式}} [[礦]]
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<F>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:hi:Dasa}}
==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
{{root|sa|sa|खन्}}
{{root|sa|iir-pro|*kan-}}
源自詞根{{m|sa|खन्||挖}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=khaní|g=f}}
# (寶石)[[礦]];[[採石場]]
# [[洞穴]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f|khaní}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sa|खानि}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pra-kha}}
** {{desc|ne|खानी}}
* {{desc|pra-mag}}
** {{desc|or|ଖନି}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀺}}、{{l|pra-sau|𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀻}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
**: {{desc|omr|खाणी|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|खानी}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘏𑘰𑘜𑘲|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|𑘏𑘰𑘡𑘲}}
*** {{desc|mr|खाण}}
* {{desc|pra-pai}}
** {{desc|inc-ata}}
*** {{desc|pa|-}}
***: {{desc|pa|ਖਾਣ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|pa|کَھاݨ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|inc-avr}}
*** {{desc|sd|-}}
***: {{desc|sd|کاڻِ|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|sd|खाणि|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀺|𑀔𑀸𑀡𑀻}}
** {{desc|inc-agu}}
*** {{desc|inc-ogu}}
**** {{desc|gu|ખાણ}}
** {{desc|inc-asa}}
*** 印度斯坦語:
***: {{desc|hi|खान}}
***: {{desc|ur|کَھان|tr=khān}}
====借詞====
* {{desc|as|খনি}}
* {{desc|kn|ಖನಿ}}
* {{desc|ml|കേണി}} {{qualifier|可能}}
* {{desc|mr|खनि}}
* {{desc|te|ఖని}}
* {{desc|hi|खनि}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sa:MW|336|entry=Khaṇí}}
* {{R:Cappeller Sanskrit-English|column=1|entry=खनि॑|page=144}}
* {{R:CDIAL|khaní|3813}}
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==印地語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|hi|sa|उष्ण|tr=uṣṇá}}。
===形容詞===
{{hi-adj|ur=اشن|ind=1}}
# {{lb|hi|正式}} [[熱]]的,[[溫暖]]的
#: {{hi-x|'''उष्ण''' जलवायु में बहुत सारे पेड़ जीते हैं।|許多樹生活在這種'''溫暖的'''氣候之中。}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:Bahri}}
==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源1===
{{root|sa|sa|उष्}}
{{root|sa|ine-pro|*h₁ews-}}
{{inh+|sa|inc-pro|*Huṣṇás}},{{inh+|sa|iir-pro|*Hušnás}},{{inh+|sa|ine-pro||*h₁us-nós}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*h₁ews-||燃燒}}。同源詞包括{{cog|la|ussī}}。梵語詞根為{{m|sa|उष्||燃燒;耗費}}。
====發音====
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
====形容詞====
{{head|sa|形容詞|tr=uṣṇá}}
# [[熱]]的,[[溫暖]]的
=====變格=====
{{sa-decl-adj|उ|ष्ण|||a|ā|a}}
=====派生語彙=====
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|ks|-}}
**: {{desc|ks|وُشُن|sclang=1|tr=wuśun}}
**: {{desc|ks|वुशुन|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pi|uṇha}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳|𑀉𑀲𑀺𑀡}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau|𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳}}
**** 印度斯坦語:unāh
***** {{desc|hi|उनाह|tr=-}}
***** {{desc|ur|اُنَاہ}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|dv|ހޫނު|ހުޱު}}
**** {{desc|si|උණු}}
*** {{desctree|pra-mah|𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳}}
**** {{desc|kok||alt=hūna}}
****: {{desc|kok|हून|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|kok|hun|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|kok|ಹೂನ್|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|mr|ऊन्ह|ऊन}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau|𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀳}}
**** {{desc|gu|ઊનું|હુનું}}
'''借詞'''
* {{desc|as|উষ্ণ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|উষ্ণ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|उष्ण|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|उष्ण|bor=1}}
* {{desc|omr|𑘄𑘬𑘿𑘜|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|or|ଉଷ୍ମ|ଉଷ୍ଣ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ta|உண்ணம்|உஷ்ணம்|உட்டணம்}}
===詞源2===
{{inh+|sa|inc-pro|*uṣṇás}},{{inh+|sa|iir-pro|*uṣṇás}},{{inh+|sa|ine-pro|*wósHr̥|*wósH-r̥ ~ *usH-én-|大蒜,洋蔥}}。同源詞包括{{cog|la|unio}}、{{cog|hit|𒉿𒀸𒄩𒅈||大蒜|tr=wašḫar}}、{{cog|ps|ووږه||大蒜|tr=ūģa}}。亦對照借自拉丁語的{{cog|en|onion}}。
====名詞====
{{sa-noun|tr=uṣṇá|g=m}}
# [[洋蔥]]
#: {{syn|sa|सुकन्द|दीपन}}
=====變格=====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|uṣṇá}}
=====派生語彙=====
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|khw|وظنو|tr=wǝẓnū|t=大蒜}}
* {{desc|or|ଉଷ୍ଣ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|usna||page=112}}
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==梵語==
===其他書寫系統===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
可能源自{{der|sa|qfa-sub}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m|tr=maṇḍá}}
# [[米飯]]的[[浮渣]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|maṇḍá}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pi|maṇḍa|maṇḍaka}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀫𑀀𑀟|𑀫𑀀𑀟𑀸|𑀫𑀀𑀟𑀻}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
**** {{desc|gu|માંડો|માડો}}
**** 印度斯坦語:mā̃ḍ, mā̃ṛ, mā̃ḍā, mā̃ṛī, mā̃ṛnā
****: {{desc|hi|मांड|मांड़|मांडा|मांड़ी|माँड़ना|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|tr4=-|tr5=-}}
****: {{desc|ur|مَاںڈ|مَاںڑ|مَاںڈَا|مَاںڑِی|مَاںڑنَا|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|tr4=-|tr5=-}}
**** {{desc|rom|maro}}
***** {{desc|rmc|maro}}
***** {{desc|rmi|malav}}
***** {{desc|rge|manró|t=麵包}}
***** {{desc|rmo|maro}}
***** {{desc|rmy|maro|mani̦o|mai̦o}}
** 達爾德語支:
*** {{desc|dml|man}}
*** {{desc|gwc|من|tr=man}}
*** {{desc|ks|مۄنڈُ|tr=mọ̆nḍụ}}
*** {{desc|phl|ماݨڈ|tr=māṇḍ}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
**** {{desc|as|মাৰ}}
**** {{desc|bn|মাড়ি}}
**** {{desc|bh|माँड़|मण्डा|माड़ा|माँढ़ा}}
***** {{desc|bho|माँड़}}
***** {{desc|mai|माड़ी}}
**** {{desc|or|ମଣ୍ଡ|ମଣ୍ଡା|ମାଣ୍ଡୁଅ}}
** 北部:
*** 卡薩普拉克里特語:
**** {{desc|kfy|माना|माँड़ी|माँण|tr1=mānā|tr2=mā̃ṛī|tr3=mā̃ṇ}}
**** {{desc|ne|माँड}}
**** 西帕哈里語:
***** {{desc|bhd|मन्नि|मण्डो|tr1=mánni|tr2=maṇḍo}}
** 南部:
*** Helu:
**** {{desc|dv|މަޑު|މަޑޮ}}
**** {{desc|si|මඩ}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
**** {{desc|mr|माँडा}}
** 西部:
*** 白夏基普拉克里特語:
**** {{desc|pa||alt1=mann|alt2=mannī|alt3=maṇḍā|alt4=maṇḍṇā}}
****: {{desc|pa|ਮੰਨ|ਮੰਨੀ|ਮੰਡਾ|ਮੰਡਣਾ|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|tr4=-}}
****: {{desc|pa|مَنّ|مَنِّی|مَݨڈَا|مَݨڈݨَا|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|tr4=-}}
***** {{desc|lah|من|tr=mann}}
****** {{desc|xhe|ماݨ|tr=māṇi}}
**** {{desc|sd||alt=mānī}}
****: {{desc|sd|मानी|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|sd|مَانِي|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|manda|9735|558}}
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{{also|رفض|ر ق ص}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ر ق ص}}。與{{cog|he|רָקַד}}、{{cog|uga|𐎎𐎗𐎖𐎄}}有關。
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|رَقَصَ}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|I/a~u.ipass?.vn:رَقْص}}
# [[跳舞]]
#:{{ux|ar|الْفَتَاةُ تَرْقُصُ بِأَنَاقَةٍ عَلَى الْمَسْرَحِ.|女孩們在舞臺上翩翩'''起舞'''。}}
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|I/a~u.ipass?.vn:رَقْص}}
===詞源2===
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|رَقَّصَ}}
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|II}}
# 使[[起舞]]
# 使[[飛馳]],使[[奔騰]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II}}
=====參考資料=====
* {{R:ar:Steingass}}
===詞源3===
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|رَقْص}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|رَقْص|m}}
# {{ar-verbal noun of|رَقَصَ|form=I}}
# [[跳舞]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|رَقْص}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|afb|رقص|tr=ragṣ}}
* {{desc|az|rəqs|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|رقص|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|رەقس}}
** {{desc|uz|raqs}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|रक़्स}}
*: {{desc|ur|رقص|tr=raqs}}
* {{desc|ota|رقص|tr=raks|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|raks}}
* {{desc|fa|رقص|tr=raqs|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਰਕਸ}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|رقص|tr=raqs}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|رَقْص}}。{{root|fa|ar|ر ق ص}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|raqs}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|رقص|رقص|рақс}}
{{fa-noun|tr=raqs}}
# [[舞]]
#: {{syn|fa|پایکوبی<tr:pâykubi><q:古舊>}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der2|fa|رقص باله<tr:raqs-e bâle>|رقصیدن<tr:raqsidan>}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel2|fa|رقاص<tr:raqqâs>|رقاصه<tr:raqqâse>}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ر ق ص}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|رَقَصَ}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|raʔaṣ<p:ˈrˤɑ.ʔɑsˤ><q:城市>|raɡaṣ<p:ˈrˤɑ.ɡɑsˤ><q:貝都因>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-رَقَص.wav|音頻 (盧德)}}
===動詞===
{{ajp-verb|I|tr=raʔaṣ|pres=برقص|prestr=borʔoṣ}}
# [[跳舞]]
====變位====
{{ajp-conj/Au|ر|ق|ص|r|ʔ|ṣ}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|ar|رَقْص}}。{{root|ur|ar|ر ق ص}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|raqs}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=رَقْص|tr=raqs}}
# [[舞]]
7vl9634s8hh3b0ua8vpgj1h6j7slbit
Denis
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{{also|denis|dénis|Dênis}}
==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===發音===
* {{a|en|UK}} {{IPA|en|/ˈdɛnɪs/|/dəˈni/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Denis.wav|a=南英格蘭}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Denis2.wav|a=南英格蘭}}
===專有名詞===
{{en-proper noun}}
# {{given name|en|男性|from=古希臘語}},[[Dennis]] 的英國及愛爾蘭常用異體
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 5|V|II|text=Shall not thou and I, between Saint '''Denis''' and Saint George, compound a boy, half French, half English, that shall go to Constantinople and take the Turk by the beard?}}
# {{surname|en}}。
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=deins|Sinde|dines|enids|nides|snide|snied}}
==法語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|fr|Denys||歷史}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|fr|la|Dionȳsius}},借自{{der|fr|grc|Διονύσιος}}。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Arthur Crbz-Denis.wav}}
===專有名詞===
{{fr-proper noun|m}}
# {{given name|fr|男性|eq=Dennis}};最初是為了紀念3世紀的巴黎主教{{w|聖德尼}}而使用
# {{surname|fr}},源自義項1的名字
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fr|Denise}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|Denis}}
** {{desc|der=1|cs|Denisa}} {{qualifier|女性名}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nl|Dennis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|Denis|Dennis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hu|Dénes}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt-BR|Dênis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|Denis}}
** {{desc|der=1|ro|Denisa}} {{qualifier|女性名}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|Денис}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Денис}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Denis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|Denis}}
** {{desc|der=1|sk|Denisa}} {{qualifier|女性名}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|Denis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|Денис}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|dines}}、{{l|fr|dînes}}、{{l|fr|dînés}}
==德語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|de|Dennis||借自英語}}
===發音===
* {{audio|de|De-Denis.ogg}}
===專有名詞===
{{head|de|專有名詞}}
# {{given name|de|男性|eq=Dennis|from=fr:Denis}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|de|Denise}}
==中古英語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|enm|fro|-}}聖人名 {{m|fro|Denis}},被諾曼人帶至英格蘭;源自{{der|enm|la|Dionysius}}。
===專有名詞===
{{enm-proper noun}}
# {{given name|enm|男性|eq=Dennis}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|Dennis}}
* {{desc|yol|Deenees}}
====參考資料====
* {{R:MED Online|q=1}}
==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語==
===專有名詞===
{{sh-propn||m-an}}
# {{given name|sh|男性|eq=[[Dennis]], Denis}}
====變格====
{{sh-decl-noun
|Denis|-
|Denisa|-
|Denisu|-
|Denisa|-
|Denise|-
|Denisom|-
|Denisu|-
}}
==斯洛伐克語==
===詞源===
{{der+|sk|fr|Denis}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sk|/ˈdɛnis/}}
===專有名詞===
{{sk-proper noun|m-pr|gen=Denisa|pl=Denisovia|decl=chlap}}
# {{given name|sk|男性}}
====變格====
{{sk-ndecl|m-pr|t=name}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sk|Denisko}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sk:SDK}}
tiol5vuqsy79vhwb9hs15pkngvsnl1l
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*aśtō}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*oḱtṓw}},其中 ''-m-'' 取自其對應的序數 {{m|sla-pro|*osmъ}}。
===名詞===
{{number box|sla-pro|8}}
{{sla-noun|f}}
# [[八]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun-num|o|sm|unc=1}}
====派生詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmero}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmerъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmerъka}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmerьnъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmica}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmikъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmina}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osminogъ}}、{{l|sla-pro|*osmonogъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmьdesętъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmь na desętъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmь desętъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmь korty}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmь na desęte}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmь sъto}}、{{l|sla-pro|*osmь sъtъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*osmьsъtъ}}、{{l|sla-pro|*osmьsъtьnъ}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|осмь}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|осмъ|alt=о́смъ|осьмъ|alt2=о́сьмъ|осемъ|alt3=о́семъ|восемъ|alt4=во́семъ|восимъ|alt5=во́симъ|вусимъ|alt6=ву́симъ|вюсюмъ|alt7=вю́сюмъ|tr7=vǘsüm}}
**** {{desc|be|во́сем}}; {{l|be|во́сім}} {{qualifier|方言}}
**** {{desc|rue|вӱ́сям}}
**** {{desc|uk|ві́сім}}; {{l|uk|ви́сїм}} {{qualifier|方言}}
*** {{desc|zle-mru|осмь|sc=Cyrs|восмь|sc2=Cyrs|восьмь|sc3=Cyrs|восемь|sc4=Cyrs}}
**** {{desc|ru|во́семь}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|осмъ|осъмъ}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱁⱄⰿⱐ|sc=Glag|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|осмь|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|о́сем}}
** {{desc|mk|осум}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|о̏сам|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ȍsam|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|ọ́səm}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|csb|òsmë}}
** {{desctree|zlw-ocs|osm}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|ośm}}
** {{desc|pox|visĕm}}
** {{desc|sk|osem}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|wósym|wósymjo}}
*** {{desc|hsb|wosom|wósom}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|во́семь}}
{{cln|sla-pro|基數詞}}
cillqnwqoq53m2ul4ql3dhyb243szzk
𒌋𒀜
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==跨语言==
===楔形文字===
{{cuns|683|430|266|𒌋|𒀜}}
===參考資料===
{{Cuneiform refs}}
==阿卡德語==
===符號值===
{{akk-sign values|GIR₄}}
===詞源===
{{obor|akk|sux|𒌋𒀜|tr=gir₄|ts=gir|t=爐子}}.
===語素文字===
{{head|akk|語素文字|tr=GIR₄}}
# {{sumerogram of|akk|kīrum|t=爐子}}
== 蘇美爾語 ==
===名詞===
{{head|sux|名詞|tr=gir₄|ts=gir}}
# {{gl|用于[[石灰]]或[[瀝青]]的}} [[爐]]、[[窯]]
====派生语汇====
* {{desc|bor=1|akk|kīrum|alt=𒌋𒀜|tr=kīrum}}
** {{desc|bor=1|arc|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|arc|גִּירָא|tr=gīrā}},
**: {{desc|sclang=1|syc|ܓܝܪܐ|tr=gīrā}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ar|جير|tr=jīr}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|mt|ġir}}
*** {{desctree|fa|گرچ|bor=1|tr=gerač}}
** {{desc|bor=1|he|גִּיר|tr=gīr}}
** {{desc|bor=1|xcl|կիր}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fa|کرس|tr=kers}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sux:ePSD2|o0028294|gir}}
* {{R:os:Abaev|vol=I|page=652}}
* {{R:xcl:HAB|կիր|vol=II|page=594a}}
pqdgaewek17l051zu36stbsxcnniu50
इष्टका
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==梵語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sa|इष्टिका}}
===其他形式===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sa|inc-pro|*íṣṭakaH}},源自{{der|sa|iir-pro|*ištaH|t=磚}},可能源自一{{w|巴克特里亞·馬爾吉亞納文明體}}的底層詞彙<!--{{der|sa|qsb-bma}}-->。<ref>{{R:iir:Lubotsky:1999|4|*išt(i̯)a- `brick'}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:HCHIEL|1949|*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’}}</ref>同源詞包括{{cog|ae|𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀||磚}}、{{cog|fa|خشت|tr=xešt||磚}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=1}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=íṣṭakā|g=f}}<ref>{{R:sa:MW|169/3}}</ref>
# [[磚]]
# [[烘烤]][[板]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f|íṣṭakā}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|khw|اݰٹو|tr=ušṭu}}
*** {{desc|phl|اݜٹو|tr=iṣṭū́|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|yah|tr=uštu|3=|tr2=uštū}}<ref>{{R:ira:IIFL|vol=II|'uštu|Í9Β}}</ref>
* {{desc|pi|iṭṭhakā}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸|𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** 印度斯坦語:ī̃ṭh, īṭ, ī̃ṭ, īṭā
***** {{desc|hi|ईंठ|ईट|ईंट|ईटा|tr1=-|tr2=-|tr3=-|tr4=-}}
***** {{desc|ur|اِیںٹھ|اِیٹ|اِیںٹ|اِیٹَہ}}
****** {{desc|dv|އީޓު|bor=1}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag}}
**** {{desc|as|ইটা}}
**** {{desc|bn|ইট|ইঁট}}
**** {{desc|bh|ईँट|ईँटा|tr1=ī̃ṭ|tr2=ī̃ṭā}}
***** {{desc|bho|ईँटि}}
***** {{desc|mai|ईँटा}}
**** {{desc|ccp|𑄄𑄑𑄴|𑄃𑄨𑄑𑄴}}
**** {{desc|or|ଇଟା}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha}}
**** 中帕哈里語支:
***** {{desc|gbm|ईँट}}
**** 東帕哈里語支:
***** {{desc|ne|इँट}}
** 西北:
*** {{desc|pra-pai}}
**** {{desc|pa||alt=iṭṭ}}
****: {{desc|pa|ਇੱਟ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pa|اِٹّ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|lah|اٹ|tr=iṭṭ}}
**** {{desc|sd}}
***** {{desc|kfr|એટ્ટ}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel}}
**** {{desc|si|උළු}}
*** {{desc|pra-mah}}
**** {{desc|kok||alt=īṭ}}
****: {{desc|kok|ईट|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|kok|itt|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|kok|ಈಟ್|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**** {{desc|mr|ईट|वीट}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau}}
**** {{desc|gu|ઈંટ}}
* {{→}} 達羅毗荼語系:
** {{desc|kn|ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ}}
** {{desc|te|ఇటుక}}
* {{→}} 泰語:
** {{desc|th|อิฐ}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
* {{R:CDIAL|istaka|1600|page=72}}
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asum
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==阿卡德語==
[[File:Myrtus communis.jpg|thumb|{{l|akk||𒄑𒊍|tr=asum}}]]
===發音===
{{akk-IPA}}
===詞源1===
{{etymid|akk|🍒}}
====名詞====
{{akk-noun|f}} {{tlb|akk|fromOAkk}}
# {{c|akk|桃金孃目植物}} [[香桃木]]
=====其他形式=====
* {{alter|akk|asu||不帶 -m}}
* {{alter|akk|ašum||OAss}}
* {{alter|akk|assu||Bogh}}
{{cunsp
|sum1=𒊍<tr:AZ>
|sum1=𒄑𒊍<tr:{{sup|giš}}AZ>
|sum2=𒋆𒊍<tr:{{sup|šim}}AZ>
|sum3=𒄑𒋆𒊍<tr:{{sup|giš.šim}}AZ>
|sum4=𒋆𒄈<tr:{{sup|šim}}GIR₂><q:標準巴比倫,新巴比倫,新亞述>
|sum5=𒄑𒀀𒊍<tr:{{sup|giš}}A.AZ><q:馬里>
|sum6=𒄑𒀀𒍪<tr:{{sup|giš}}A.ZU><q:馬里>
|phon1=𒀀𒍪𒌝<tr:a-su₂-um>
|phon2=𒀀𒍪<tr:a-su₂>
|phon3=𒀀𒋢<tr:a-su>
|phon4=𒋆𒀀𒀉𒍮<tr:{{sup|giš}}a-a₂-zum>
}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|arc|-|bor=1}} {{l|syc|ܐܵܣܵܐ}} / {{desctree|arc|nolang=1|noalts=1|אָסָא|tr=ʾāsā}}
* {{desctree|he|הֲדַס|bor=1|der=1|tr=hăḏás}}
===詞源2===
[[File:Ursus arctos syriacus.jpg|thumb|{{l|akk||𒊍|tr=asum}}]]
{{etymid|akk|🧸}}
{{bor+|akk|sux|𒊍|tr=az|t=熊}}。
====名詞====
{{akk-noun|m|pl=asātum|plg=f}} {{tlb|akk|OBab|SBab}}
# {{c|akk|熊科動物}} [[熊]]
#: {{syn|akk|dabûm}}
=====其他形式=====
* {{alter|akk|asu||不帶 -m}}
{{cunsp
|sum=𒊍<tr:AZ>
|phon=𒀀𒋢𒌝<tr:a-su-um>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:akk:CAD|asu A|volume=1|part=2|page=342}}
* {{R:akk:CAD|asu B|volume=1|part=2|page=344}}
==愛沙尼亞語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|et|asuma|m}}。
===名詞===
{{et-noun|asumi|asumit}}
# [[城市]][[分區]]
====變格====
{{et-decl-õpik|asum|i}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|et|linnaosa}}
* {{l|et|rajoon}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{bf|sla-pro|*orzsoliti|t=用[[鹽]][[調味]]}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m}}<ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*orzsolъ/*orzsolь|278|34}}</ref>
# 濃[[鹽水]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|*розсолъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-mru|рассолъ|sc=Cyrs}}
**** {{desc|ru|рассо́л}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|росолъ}}
**** {{desc|be|расо́л}}
**** {{desc|rue|розсо́ль|росо́ль}}
**** {{desc|uk|росі́л|розсі́л}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|разсо́лъ|разсо́л}}
** {{desc|mk|расол}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ра́со̄}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|rásō}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|razsȍl}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|rosol}}
*** {{desc|cs|rosol}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|rosół}}
*** {{desc|pl|rosół|rosól}}
*** {{desc|szl|rosoł}}
** {{desc|zlw-osk|rôsol}}
*** {{desc|sk|rôsol}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|rosół}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|rʉ̀ɵ̯sȯu̯l}}
** 索布語支:
*** {{desc|dsb|rozsoł}}
*** {{desc|hsb|rozsoł}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sl:SES|razsol}}
* {{R:pl:Boryś|rosół|519}}
* {{R:be:ESBM|Расо́л|||rasol}}
* {{R:uk:ESUM|росіл}}
{{C|sla-pro|湯|水}}
ppclt2maip9yi9e3u00hsxhelmbj86s
نتيجة
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{{also|نتيجه|نتیجه|نتیجہ}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自詞根{{ar-root|ن ت ج}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|نَتِيجَة}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|نَتِيجَة|f|pl=نَتَائِج}}
# [[結果]]
# {{label|ar|logic}} [[結論]]
#: {{antonyms|ar|مُقَدِّمَة|t=前提}}
# {{lb|ar|computing|Internet}} [[搜索]]結果
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|نَتِيجَة|pl=نَتَائِج}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|nəticə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ba|нәтижә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|নতীজা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|نتیجه|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|نەتىجە}}
** {{desc|uz|natija}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|नतीजा}}
*: {{desc|ur|نتیجہ}}
* {{desc|kk|нәтиже|bor=1}}
* {{desc|klj|nətîcə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kmr|netîce|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|نتیجه|tr=netîce|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|netice}}
* {{desc|ps|نتيجه|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|نتیجه|tr=natije|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਨਤੀਜਾ}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|نتیجہ|tr=natījah}}
* {{desc|pa|نَتِیجَہ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|نتيجو|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|нәтиҗә|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|netije|bor=1}}
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{{also|İrem|iRem|írem}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{lb|gl|reintegrationist}} {{infl of|gl|ir||3|p|帶人稱|inf}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|īrem}}
===動詞===
{{head|la|動詞變位形式|head=īrem}}
# {{inflection of|la|eō||1|s|impf|actv|subj}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{hyph|pt|i|rem}}
===詞源1===
====動詞====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|ir}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|irar}}
==里菲安語==
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=irmawen|f=tirmect|dim=tirent}}
# {{alternative spelling of|rif|iřem}}:[[皮革]];[[皮膚]]
{{c|rif|服裝|解剖學}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iřmawen|f=tiřmect|dim=tiřent}}
# [[皮革]]
# [[皮膚]]
====變格====
{{rif-decl-noun|yiřem|iřmawen|yiřmawen}}
{{c|rif|服裝|解剖學}}
53zky4cfaosnsbuqiw4bkde7hzqa1t1
Aquitania
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{{also|Aquitània|Aquitânia}}
==英語==
===詞源===
{{ubor|en|la|Aquitania}}。{{doublet|en|Aquitaine}}。
===發音===
* {{a|en|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˌæ.kwɪˈteɪ.nɪ.ə/|/ˌæ.kwɪˈteɪn.jə/}}
* {{a|en|GA}} {{IPA|en|/ˌɑ.kwɪˈteɪ.ni.ə/|/ˌɑ.kwɪˈteɪn.jə/}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Typheuss-Aquitania.wav|音頻(澳洲)}}
*: {{rhymes|en|eɪniə|s=5}}
* {{hyph|en|A|qui|ta|ni|a||A|qui|tan|ia}}
===專有名詞===
{{en-proper noun}}
# {{place|en|歷史地區|c/法國|t=阿基坦}},尤指羅馬帝國省份{{w|阿基坦高盧}}(Gallia Aquitania)
==加利西亞語==
===專有名詞===
{{gl-proper noun}}
# {{place|gl|歷史地區|c/法國|t=阿基坦}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|gl|aquitano}}
{{C|gl|古代歐洲|加斯科涅|羅馬帝國行省}}
{{cln|gl|外名}}
==意大利語==
{{wikipedia|lang=it}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|it|la|Aquitania}}。
===專有名詞===
{{it-proper noun|f}}
# {{place|it|歷史地區|c/法國|t=阿基坦}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|it|aquitano}}
{{C|it|古代歐洲|加斯科涅|羅馬帝國行省}}
{{cln|it|外名}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
可能源自 {{m|la|aqua||水}},類似臨近省份 {{m|la||Aquae Tarbellicae}} 或 {{m|la||Aquae Augustae}},或與格複數 {{m|la|aquis}} + {{m|la|-ania}}。
[[File:Aquitania SPQR.png|right|thumb|''Aquitania'' 在羅馬帝國的位置]]
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|Aquītānia}}
===專有名詞===
{{la-proper noun|Aquītānia<1>}}
# [[阿基坦]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|Aquītānia<1>}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|Aquītānus}}
* {{l|la|Aquītānicus}}
* {{l|la|Aquītānensis}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ca|Aquitània|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|Aquitaine|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|Aquitaine|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Aquitanien|bor=1}}
* {{desc|oc|Guiana}}、{{desc|oc|nolang=1|Aquitània|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fro|Aguyenne|Guyenne|Guienne}}
** {{desc|fr|Guyenne|Guienne}} {{qualifier|古舊}}
* {{desc|es|Aquitania|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Smith's Geography}}
* Charnock, Richard Stephen (1859): Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary of Geographical Names
{{c|la|古代歐洲|加斯科涅|羅馬帝國行省}}
{{cln|la|外名}}
==西班牙語==
{{wikipedia|lang=es}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|es|la|Aquitania}}。
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===專有名詞===
{{es-proper noun|f}}
# {{place|es|歷史地區|c/法國|t=阿基坦}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|es|aquitano}}
{{C|es|古代歐洲|加斯科涅|羅馬帝國行省}}
{{cln|es|外名}}
7sv6f0x89zv6qb3e93okdkgzekb0e49
qwnkqʾu
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==古回鶻語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|oui|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|箜篌}}。
===名詞===
{{head|oui|名詞|tr=quŋqau|head2=qwnkqʾyu|tr2=quŋqayu}}
# {{lb|oui|音樂}} [[箜篌]];一種[[彈撥]][[樂器]],如[[魯特琴]]、[[火不思]]、[[科布扎]]等
#: {{syn|oui|qwpwz|tr=qopuz}}
#* {{quote-book|otk|year=11世紀|title=《卡利亞南卡拉王子與帕帕姆卡拉的故事》(Story of Prince Kalyanamkara and Papamkara)|section=LXXX.3
|passage=ʾwl ʾwdcy ʾr pyr '''qwnkqʾu''' tylʾp kʾlwrdy pyrdy|tr=ol udčï er bir '''quŋqau''' tilep kelürdi bérdi|t=牧人要了一把'''箜篌''',給了他。}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{desc|oui|qwnkxʾucy|tr=quŋxaučï|nolang=1|der=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:oui:Caferoğlu:1968|page=186}}
* {{R:oui:Hamilton:2020|page=168}}
{{c|oui|弦樂器|樂器}}
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venio
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==拉丁语==
===词源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*gʷem-}}
源自{{inh|la|itc-pro|*gʷenjō}},源自{{inh|la|ine-pro|*gʷm̥yéti}},源自{{m|ine-pro|*gʷem-}}的zero-grade形式 + {{m|ine-pro|*‑yéti}}。同源词有{{cog|sa|गच्छति|tr=gácchati}}、{{cog|grc|βαίνω}}和{{cog|ang|cuman}} ({{cog|en|come}})。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|veniō}}
* {{audio|la|la-cls-venio.ogg|(古典)音频}}
===动词===
{{la-verb|4.pass-impers|veniō|vēn|vent}}
# {{lb|la|不及物}} [[来]]
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|5|91-92|quote=‘exul ab Arcadiā Latiōs Evander in agrōs<br/>'''vēnerat''', impositōs attuleratque deōs.’|trans=}}
# {{lb|la|不及物}} [[接近]]
====变位====
{{la-conj|4.pass-impers|veniō|vēn|vent}}
====衍生词汇====
{{col4|la
|adveniō
|adinveniō
|anteveniō
|circumveniō
|contrāveniō
|conveniō
|dēveniō
|disconveniō
|ēveniō
|interveniō
|inveniō
|obveniō
|perveniō
|praeveniō
|prōveniō
|reveniō
|subveniō
|superveniō
|trānsveniō
|venīlia
|ventiō
|ventitō
|ventō
}}
====相关词汇====
{{col3|la
|adventus
|eventus
|interventus
|inventus
|praeventus
|subventus
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* 巴尔干罗曼语:
** {{desc|rup|vin|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ro|veni}}
* 达尔马提亚语:
** {{desc|dlm|venur|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-罗曼语支
** {{desc|co|vena}}
** {{desc|it|venire}}
** {{desc|nap|venì}}
** {{desc|scn|vèniri}}
* 北意大利语支:
** {{desc|fur|vignî}}
** {{desc|ist|vignì}}
** {{desc|lld|vegnì|gnì}}
** {{desc|pms|vene|ven-e|vnì}}
** {{desc|rm|vegnir|vagnir|neir|gnir}}
** {{desc|vec|vegner|alts=1}}
* 高卢-罗曼语支:
** {{desc|ca|venir}}
** {{desc|frp|venir|alts=1}}
** {{desctree|fro|venir}}
** {{desc|oc|venir}}
* 伊比利亚罗曼语支:
** {{desc|an|venir}}
** {{desc|mxi|ברנאד|בניד|באן}}
** {{desc|roa-ole||-}}
*** {{desc|ast|venir}}
*** {{desc|ext|venil}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|venire}}
*** {{desc|mwl|benir}}
** {{desctree|roa-opt|vĩir}}
** {{desctree|osp|venir}}
* 海岛罗曼语支:
** {{desc|sc|bènnere|benni|bènniri|vènnere}}
* 古借词:
** → 古{{desc|sq|vinj}}、{{l|sq|venj}} {{qual|现在时形式}}
*** {{desc|sq|vij|alts=1}}
* 后来借词:
** {{desc|bor=1|en|venire}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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{{also|Netta}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|nétta,nètta<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|netto}}>}}
===詞源1===
====形容詞====
{{head|it|形容詞變格形}}
# {{feminine singular of|it|netto}}
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|nettare||3|s|pres|indc|;|2|s|impr}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aentt|natte|nattè|tant'è|tante|tenta}}
==卡拜爾語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|kab|afa-pro|-}}。和{{cog|egy|ntk}}、{{cog|ar|أنت|tr=ʔanta}} 同源。
===代詞===
{{head|kab|代詞|g=m|陰性|nettat}}
# [[他]]
==書面挪威語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|nb|nettene}}
===名詞===
{{head|nb|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{inflection of|nb|nett||definite|p}}
==新挪威語==
===名詞===
{{head|nn|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{inflection of|nn|nett||definite|p}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===代詞===
{{rif-head|代詞|g=m}}
# [[他]](第三人稱陽性單數代詞)
====參見====
{{rif-personal-pronouns}}
===參考資料===
* Maarten Kossmann. 2009. Tarifiyt Berber vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 1688
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|la|agnus|t1=羊羔|-ellus|pos2=指小後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|agnellus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|agnellus<2>}}
# {{diminutive of|la|agnus}}:[[羊羔]],小[[綿羊]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|agnellus<2>}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der2|la
|agnellīnus
|agnella
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|njel}}
** {{desc|ruo|ml'e}}
** {{desc|ruq|ńel|mń'iel}}
** {{desc|ro|miel}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|anjial|alts=1|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|agnello}}
** {{desc|nap|ainiello|agniello|agnieddo|aunieddo}}
** {{desc|scn|agneddu|agnieddu|agnellu}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|fur|agnel}}
** {{desc|ist|agnel|agnai}}
** {{desc|rgn|agnel|agneal}}
** {{desc|rm|agnè}}
** {{desc|vec|agneło|gnel}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|agnél|alts=1}}
** {{desctree|fro|aignel}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|oc|anhèl}}
** {{desc|roa-oca|anyell}}
*** {{desc|roa-oca|anyell}}
*** {{desc|osp|añel|bor=1}} {{qualifier|貝爾塞奧}}<ref>{{R:es:DCECH|añino|289|vol=A–Ca}}</ref>
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:roa:AIS|l'agnello; gli agnelli|1071}}
* {{R:REW|agnellus|19}}
* {{R:FEW|24|264|agnĕllus}}
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|小動物|羊}}
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{{also|प्रभु}}
==印地語==
===其他形式===
*{{alt|hi|परभा}}
===詞源===
{{root|hi|iir-pro|*bʰaH-}}
{{root|hi|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-}}
{{root|hi|sa|भा|प्रभा}}
{{lbor|hi|sa|प्रभा|tr=prabhā́}}。同源詞包括{{cog|mr|प्रभा}}、{{cog|ne|प्रभा}} and {{cog|te|ప్రభ}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|f|ur=پِرَبھا}}
# [[光]],[[光輝]],[[輝煌]],[[光澤]]
#: {{syn|hi|प्रकाश|कांति|तेज|चमक}}
# 光的[[擬人化]]
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<F>}}
===專有名詞===
{{hi-proper noun|f|ur=پِرَبھا}}
# {{given name|hi|女性|xlit=Prabha|from=梵語}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:hi:Dasa}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts}}
* {{R:Rekhta|پِرَبھا}}
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
==馬拉地語==
===詞源===
{{root|mr|iir-pro|*bʰaH-}}
{{root|mr|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-}}
{{root|mr|sa|भा|प्रभा}}
{{lbor|mr|sa|प्रभा|tr=prabhā́}}。同源詞包括{{cog|inc-hnd}} {{m|ur|پِرَبھا}} / {{m|hi|प्रभा}}、{{cog|ne|प्रभा}} 和{{cog|te|ప్రభ}}。首次文獻紀錄為{{inh|mr|omr|𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘥𑘰|प्रभा}}。
===發音===
* {{mr-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=f}}
# [[光]],[[光輝]],[[輝煌]],[[光澤]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:mr:Date}}
* {{R:mr:Molesworth}}
==尼泊爾語==
===詞源===
{{root|ne|iir-pro|*bʰaH-}}
{{root|ne|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-}}
{{root|ne|sa|भा|प्रभा}}
{{lbor|ne|sa|प्रभा|tr=prabhā́}}。同源詞包括{{cog|inc-hnd}} {{m|ur|پِرَبھا}} / {{m|hi|प्रभा}}、{{cog|mr|प्रभा}} and {{cog|te|ప్రభ}}。
===發音===
* {{ne-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{ne-noun}}
# [[光]],[[光輝]],[[輝煌]],[[光澤]]
====變格====
{{ne-decl-noun}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ne:Turner}}
==上古馬拉地語==
===名詞===
{{omr-noun|g=f}}
# {{omr-sc}}
==梵語==
===其他文字===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
{{root|sa|iir-pro|*bʰaH-}}
{{root|sa|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-}}
{{root|sa|sa|भा|प्रभा}}
{{inh+|sa|ine-pro|*pro-}} + {{m|ine-pro|*bʰeh₂-}}。{{surf|sa|प्र-|भा}}。
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|tr=prabhā́|g=f}}
# [[光]],[[光彩]],[[光芒]],[[輝煌]],[[光澤]],[[光度]]
#* {{Q|sa||Bhag|7|8|quote=रसोऽहमप्सु कौन्तेय '''प्रभा'''स्मि शशिसूर्ययोः। प्रणवः सर्ववेदेषु शब्दः खे पौरुषं नृषु॥|t=O son of Kuntī, I am the taste of water, the '''light''' of the sun and the moon, the syllable oṁ in the Vedic mantras; I am the sound in ether and ability in man.}}
#* {{Q|sa|quote=कान्तिस्तेज: '''प्रभा''' सत्ता चन्द्राग्न्यर्कर्क्षविद्युताम्। यत्स्थैर्यं भूभृतां भूमेर्वृत्तिर्गन्धोऽर्थतो भवान्॥||BhP|10|85|7|t=The glow of the moon, the brilliance of fire, the '''radiance''' of the sun, the twinkling of the stars, the flash of lightning, the permanence of mountains and the aroma and sustaining power of the earth — all these are actually you.}}
# [[美麗]]的[[外表]]
# [[陽光]],[[日光]]
#: {{syn|sa|Thesaurus:सूर्यकान्ति}}
#* {{Q|quote=एतत्पदं तज्जगदात्मनः परं सकृद्विभातं सवितुर्यथा '''प्रभा'''। यथासवो जाग्रति सुप्तशक्तयो द्रव्यक्रियाज्ञानभिदाभ्रमात्ययः॥|t=正如'''陽光'''與太陽無異一般,宇宙的顯現也與至尊人格首神無異。 因此,至尊人格在這個物質創造物中無所不在。當感官活躍時,它們似乎是身體的重要組成部分,但當身體睡著時,它們的活動就不明顯了。同樣,整個宇宙造物看起來與至尊人格有所不同,但又沒有什麼不同。|sa||BhP|4|31|16}}
# [[日晷]]上[[晷針]]的[[影子]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-f|prabhā́}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|sa|प्रभाकर|प्रभाञ्जन|प्रभाकीट|प्रभातरल|प्रभावत्|प्रभापल्लवित|प्रभाप्ररोह|प्रभामय|प्रभालेपिन्}}
====派生語彙====
{{rel-top|繼承自 {{m|sa|प्रभा|tr=prabhā́}} 的詞}}
* {{desc|pi|pabhā}}
* 普拉克里特語:{{l|pra-sau|𑀧𑀪𑀸}}、{{l|pra-sau|𑀧𑀳𑀸}}
** {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
*** {{desc|as|পুৱা}}
** {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
*** 印度斯坦語:
***: {{desc|hi|पोह}}
***: {{desc|ur|پوہ|tr=poh}}
{{rel-bottom}}
{{rel-top|源自 {{m|sa|प्रभा|tr=prabhā́}} 的古典借詞}}
* 印度斯坦語:prabhā
*: {{desc|hi|प्रभा|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|ur|پِرَبھا}}
* {{desc|omr||alt=prabhā}}
*: {{desc|omr|𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘥𑘰|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|omr|प्रभा|sclang=1|tr=-}}
** {{desc|mr|प्रभा}}
* {{desc|ne|प्रभा}}
* {{desc|te|ప్రభ}}
* {{desc|bn|প্রভা}}
{{rel-bottom}}
===詞根===
{{sa-root}}
# [[閃耀]],[[閃爍]]
# [[看]]起來,看起來像
# [[照亮]],[[啟發]]
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|sa|प्रभान|प्रभात}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:sa:MW|683|col=3}}
* {{R:sa:Apte}}
* {{R:sa:Macdonell}}
* {{R:inc:Turner|prabhāˊ|hw=1}}
* {{R:DCS}}
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|गोष्ठ|tr=goṣṭhá}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=m}}
# {{c|pra|動物住處}} [[牛棚]],[[牛舍]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|m}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|kok||alt=goṭo}}
*: {{desc|kok|गोटो|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|ಗೊಟೊ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|gotto|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mr|गोठा}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pra:Sheth}}
* {{R:CDIAL|gōṣṭhá|233}}
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==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|fi|possu|o}}
===發音===
{{fi-p}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}} {{tlb|fi|方言}}
# {{synonym of|fi|possumunkki}}
====變格====
{{fi-decl-valo|poss|||o|a}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{gl-reinteg-verb form of|poder}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|pòsso}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|potere||1|s|pres|ind}}
#: {{ux|it|posso?|我能……嗎?;不好意思|inline=y}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=oopss|sposo|sposò}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
古典拉丁語 {{m|la|possum}} 的部分規則化。{{m|la-vul||possō}} 的形式見於2世紀早期 {{w|lang=en|Claudius Terentianus}} 的信件中。<ref>Laurent, Richard. 1999. ''Past participles from Latin to Romance''. Berkeley: University of California Press. §2.1.2.</ref>第三人稱單數未完成式 {{m|la-vul||potēbat}} 最早見於2世紀末,<ref>{{R:DÉRom|'pOt-e-}}</ref>不定式 {{m|la-vul||potēre}} 和第一人稱單數未完成式 {{m|la-vul||potēbam}} 則在6世紀的文獻中出現過多次, {{m|la-vul||poteō}}(代替了 {{m|la-vul||possō}},反映該動詞的完全規則化)最早見於745年。<ref>Grandgent, Charles Hall. 1907. ''An introduction to Vulgar Latin''. Boston: D.C. Heath & Co. §403.</ref>
===發音===
* {{IPA|la|/ˈpɔsso/|a=Proto-Romance}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|2|poteō|potu|*potūt|1s_pres_actv_indc=possō}} {{tlb|la|non-standard}}
# [[能夠]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|pot|puteari}}
** {{desc|ruo|putę}}
** {{desc|ruq|puteari|putęri}}
** {{desc|ro|putea|putere}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|potar|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|putè|pudè}}
**: {{desc|sdn|pudé}}
**: {{desc|sdc|pudé}}
** {{desc|it|potere}}
** {{desc|nap|potere}}
** {{desc|scn|putiri}}
* 北意大利語支:
** {{desc|fur|podê}}
** {{desc|ist|pudì}}
** {{desc|lld|podei}}
** {{desc|lij|poéi}}
** {{desc|lmo|podè}}
** {{desc|pms|podej}}
** {{desc|rm|pudair|puder|pudeir}}
** {{desc|vec|poder}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** 古{{desc|frp|poer}}
*** {{desc|frp|povêr}}(插入 /-v-/ 以避免元音連讀)、{{l|frp|possêr}}(根據第一人稱單數形式修改)
** {{desc|fro|pooir}} {{see desc}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|poder}}
** {{desc|oc|poder|pòdre}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|poder}}
** {{desc|roa-ole|}}
*** {{desc|ast|poder}}
*** {{desc|roa-leo|podere}}
*** {{desc|ext|poel}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|poder}}
*** {{desc|gl|poder}}
*** {{desc|pt|poder}}
** {{desc|es|poder}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|-}}
**: {{desc|sc-sro|podi|podiri|pori|porri|porriri}}
**: {{desc|sc-src|podere}}
**: {{desc|sc-nuo|potere|podere}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sc:Rubattu2006|potere/2}}
{{reflist}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA|pósso}}
* {{rhyme|pt|ɔsu|s=2}}
* {{hyph|pt|pos|so}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|poder}}
#* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|6|page=215|text='''Posso''' ajudá-lo a encontrar tudo...|t='''我能'''幫你找任何東西……}}
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==里菲安語==
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iɣarfiwen}}
# [[磨石]]
====變格====
{{rif-decl-noun|waɣarf|iɣarfiwen|yiɣarfiwen}}
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==里菲安語==
===替代寫法===
* {{alt|rif|iřɣem}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|*a-lɣəm|t=駱駝}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iřeɣman|f=tařɣent}}
# [[駱駝]]
====變格====
{{rif-decl-noun|weřɣem|iřeɣman|yiřeɣman}}
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{{also|ċekk}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
與{{cog|kab|kečč}} 同源。{{rfe|rif}}
===代詞===
{{rif-head|代詞|g=m}}
# [[你]](第二人稱陽性單數代詞)
====參見====
{{rif-personal-pronouns}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|*ənăkkʷ}},{{inh+|rif|afa-pro|*ˀanāku}}。同源詞包括{{cog|kab|nekk}}、{{cog|egy|jnk}}、{{cog|sem-pro|*ʔanāku}}。
===代詞===
{{rif-head|代詞}}
# [[我]](第一人稱單數代詞)
====參見====
{{rif-personal-pronouns}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
與{{cog|kab|kemm}}同源。{{rfe|rif}}
===代詞===
{{rif-head|代詞|g=f}}
# [[你]](第二人稱陰性單數代詞)
====參見====
{{rif-personal-pronouns}}
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==卡拜爾語==
===代詞===
{{head|kab|代詞|g=f|陽性|netta}}
# [[她]]
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===代詞===
{{rif-head|代詞|g=f}}
# [[她]](第三人稱陰性單數代詞)
====參見====
{{rif-personal-pronouns}}
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==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1===
源自詞根{{ar-root|م د د}}。
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|مَدَد|m|pl=أَمْدَاد}}
# [[幫助]],[[協助]]
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|مَدَد|pl=أَمْدَاد}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|mədət|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
** {{desc|hi|मदद}}
** {{desc|ur|مدد|tr=madad}}
* {{desc|kmr|meded|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|مدد|tr=meded|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tr|medet|Medet|inh=1}}
* {{desc|fa|مدد|tr=madad|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|мадад|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|medet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|مەدەت|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|madad|bor=1}}
===詞源2===
====名詞====
{{ar-head|nounf|مُدَد|f-p}}
# {{plural of|ar|مُدَّة}}
===詞源3===
====動詞====
{{ar-verb|II.pass}}
# [[延伸]],[[伸展]]
=====變位=====
{{ar-conj|II.pass}}
==古賈里語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|gju|مَدَتْ|tr=madat}}
===詞源===
{{root|gju|ar|م د د}}
{{bor+|gju|fa-cls|مدد|tr=madad}},源自{{der|gju|ar|مَدَد}}。
===名詞===
{{gju-noun|head=مَدَدْ|tr=madad|g=f}}
# [[幫助]],[[協助]],[[援助]],[[救濟]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:gju:Anjum:2018|401}}
* {{R:gju:Rahi:2015|129|column=1|head=مَدَدْ}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{root|fa|ar|م د د}}
{{bor+|fa|ar|مَدَد}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|madad}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=madad}}
# [[幫助]],[[協助]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|مددکار|tr=madadkâr}}
* {{l|fa|مددزاده|tr=madadzâde}}
* {{l|fa|مددیان|tr=madadiyân}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|as|মদত|bor=1}}
* {{desc|awa|मदति|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|মদত|মদৎ|মদদ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bra|मदत|मदद}}
* {{desc|doi||alt=madad|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|मदद|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|doi|𑠢𑠛𑠛|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|dty|मद्दत|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gju|مَدَدْ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|મદદ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:madad
*: {{desc|hi|मदद|tr=-}}
*: {{desctree|ur|مَدَدْ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|kn|ಮದತ್ತು|ಮದತು|ಮದದ್}}
* {{desc|kk|медет|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kok|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|मदत|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|ಮದತ್|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|kok|mozot|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|mai||alt=madati, madait|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|मदति|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mai|𑒧𑒠𑒞𑒱|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mup|मदत|मदद}}
* {{desc|mr|मदत|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mwr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mwr|मदत|sclang=1}}、{{m|mwr|मदद}}
*: {{desc|mwr|𑅬𑅥𑅣|sclang=1}}、{{l|mwr|𑅬𑅥𑅥}}
* {{desc|ne|मदत्|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|or|ମଦତ୍|ମଦଦ୍}}
* {{desc|pa||alt=madad, madat|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਮਦਦ|tr=-|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|ਮਦਤ|tr=-}}
*: {{desc|pa|مَدَدْ|tr=-|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|مَدَتْ|tr=-}}
* {{desc|skr|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|मदत|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|𑊠𑊘𑊖|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|skr|مَدَتْ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd||alt=madata|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|مَدَتَ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|मदत|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|𑋗𑋏𑋍|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|te|మద్దతు|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|م د د}}
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|مدد|tr=madad}},源自{{der|ur|ar|مَدَد}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|madad}}
* {{hyph|ur|مَ|دَدْ}}
* {{rhymes|ur|əd̪|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=مَدَد|pl=اِمْدَاد}}
# [[幫助]],[[協助]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|phl|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|phl|مدد|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|phl|madád|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi||577}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Rekhta}}
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==梵語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|sa|विडाल}}
===其他文字===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|sa|dra}};對比{{cog|kfc|tr=biṛp-|t=眨眼}}、{{cog|tcy|ಬುಳಾವು|t=睜眼}}、{{cog|ta|விழி|t=眼睛}}。<ref>{{R:dra:DED|page=492}}</ref>“貓”的義項派生自“眼球”;對比同樣可表示“貓”和“眼球”的{{m|sa|नेत्रपिण्ड}}(但書面意思只有“眼球”)。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m}}
# [[貓]],尤指[[公貓]]
# [[眼球]]
# [[醫治]][[眼睛]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sa|बिडालिका}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|ks||alt=brọrᵘ}}
**: {{desc|ks|برۄرُ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|ks|ब्रौरु|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pi|biḷāla}}
* {{desc|pra|𑀩𑀺𑀟𑀸𑀮|𑀩𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀮}}
** 中部:
*** {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
**** {{desc|awa|बिलारी}}
**** {{desc|gu|બિલાડો|બિલાડું}}
**** 印度斯坦語:billā
***** {{desc|hi|बिराड़|बिल्ला|tr1=-|tr2=-}}
***** {{desc|ur|بِلَار|بلا}}
**** {{desc|rom|blári|brári}}
** 東部:
*** {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
**** {{desc|as|বিড়াল}}
**** {{desc|bn|বিড়াল}}
**** {{desc|bh|-}}
***** {{desc|bho|बिलार}}
***** {{desc|mai|बिलार}}
**** {{desc|or|ବିଡ଼ାଳ|ବିଲାଳ|ବିଲାର|ବିରାଲ|ବିରାଡ଼ି|ବିଲାଇ}}
** 北部:
*** {{desc|pra-kha|-}}
**** 中帕哈里語支:
***** {{desc|gbm|बिराळी}}
***** {{desc|kfy|बिरालू|बिराली|बिरलाऊ|बिराउ|tr1=birālū|tr2=birālī|tr3=birlāū|tr4=birāu}}
**** 東帕哈里語支:
***** {{desc|dty|बिल्लो}}
***** {{desc|ne|बिरालो}}
** 南部:
*** {{desc|pra-hel|-}}
**** {{desc|dv|ބުޅާ|alts=1}}
**** {{desc|si|බළලා}}
** 西部:
*** {{desc|inc-ata|-}}
**** {{desc|pa||alt=billā}}
****: {{desc|pa|ਬਿੱਲਾ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|pa|بِلَّا|tr=-|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|lah|بلا|tr=billā}}
*** {{desc|inc-avr|-}}
**** {{desc|sd||alt=ḇilo}}
****: {{desc|sd|ٻِلو|tr=-|sclang=1}}
****: {{desc|sd|ॿिलो|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:MW|731/1}}
* {{R:CDIAL|bidala|9237|page=522}}
* {{R:sa:EWAia|vol=3|page=357}}
* {{R:sa:KEWA|vol=3|pages=429-430}}
{{C|sa|貓科動物}}
jsr7orqodh9jdgytvhos7qqi8pn9qgg
آتشبازی
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==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
[[File:Fireworks in Tehran sky on the occasion of the Anniversary of Islamic Revolution 04.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
===詞源===
{{compound|fa|آتش|tr1=âtaš|t1=火|بازی|tr2=bâzi|t2=玩}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=âtaš-bâzi|pl=آتشبازیها}}
# [[煙花]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|আতশবাজি|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|આતશબાજી|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|आतिशबाज़ी}}
*: {{desc|ur|آتش بازی|tr=ātiś bāzī}}
* {{desc|mr|आतषबाजी|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ଆତସବାଜି|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਆਤਸ਼ਬਾਜ਼ੀ|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|ਅਸਤਬਾਜ਼ੀ}}
*: {{desc|pa|آتِش بازِی|sclang=1}}、{{l|pa|استبازی}}
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धवल
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==梵語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|sa}}
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA|a=3}}
===形容詞===
{{sa-adj|tr=dhavalá}}
# [[白色]]的
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top|繼承自{{m+|pra|𑀥𑀯𑀮}}}}
* 西部:
** {{desc|pa|ਧੌਲਾ|t=白色}}
*** {{desc|lah|دھولؕ|tr=dhôḷa}}
** {{desc|sd|-}}
**: {{desc|sd|धउँरो|tr=dhaũro|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|ڌَونرو|tr=dhaũro|sclang=1}}
* 北部:
** {{desc|kfy|धौलो|t=白色}}
* 東部:
** {{desc|as|ধল|ধলা}}
** {{desc|bn|ধল|ধলা}}
** {{desc|bh|धौर|tr=dhaur}}
** {{desc|or|ଧଳା}}
* 中部:
** 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|धौर|धौला|धौरा|धोरा|t1=白鴿}}
**: {{desc|ur|دھَور|دھَولَا|دھَورَ|دھورَا|t1=白鴿}}
** 古古吉拉特語:
*** {{desc|gu|ધૌળું}}
* 南部:
** {{desc|mr|धवळ|धवळाइ}}
** {{desc|dv|ދަވަޅު|t=美麗的,漂亮的}}
** {{desc|si|දවලු}}
{{desc-bottom}}
{{desc-top|繼承自{{m+|pra|𑀥𑀯𑀮𑀇}}}}
* 西部:
** {{desc|sd|ڌَونرَايڻُ|tr=dhaũrāiṇu|t=變白}}
* 東部:
** {{desc|as|ধাৱলী|t=粉刷}}
** {{desc|or|ଧାଲିବା|t=粉刷}}
* 中部:
** {{desc|gu|ધૌળવું}}
{{desc-bottom}}
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𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅
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==普拉克里特語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|pra|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀬|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀺𑀅|pos2=馬哈拉施特拉、索拉塞納、摩揭陀}}
===詞源===
{{root|pra|sa|पा}}
{{root|pra|ine-pro|*peh₃-}}
{{inh+|pra|sa|पानीय|tr=pā́nīya}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pi|pānīya}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=n|s}}
# [[水]]
#: {{syn|pra|Thesaurus:𑀚𑀮}}
====變格====
{{pra-mag-decl-noun|n}}
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|n}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|pra-ard|-}}
** {{desc|awa|पानी}}
* {{desc|pra-hel|-}}
** {{desc|dv|ފެން}}
** {{desc|si|පානීය}}
* {{desc|pra-kha|-}}
** {{desc|gbm|पाणि}}
** {{desc|ne|पानी}}
*** {{desc|dty|पानी}}
* {{desc|pra-mag|-}}
** {{desc|as|পানী}}
** {{desc|bn|পানি}}
** {{desc|bh|पानी}}
** {{desc|bho|-}}
**: {{desctree|bho|पानी|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|bho|𑂣𑂰𑂢𑂲|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bpy|পানি|tr=pani}}
** {{desc|ccp|𑄛𑄚𑄨|tr=pāni}}
** {{desc|or|ପାଣି}}
** {{desc|rjs|পানি|tr=pani}}
** {{desc|rhg|faní}}
** {{desc|syl|ꠙꠣꠘꠤ}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|-}}
** {{desc|kok|पाणी}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘢𑘰𑘜𑘲|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|omr|पाणी|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mr|पाणी}}
* {{desc|pra-pai|-}}
** {{desc|kfr|પાણી}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਪਾਣੀ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|پانی|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sd||alt=pāṇī}}
**: {{desc|sd|پاڻي|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|पाणी|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|-}}
** {{desc|bhi|पाणी}}
** {{desc|rmt|pânî}}
** 印度斯坦語:pānī
**: {{desc|hi|tr=-|पानी}}
**: {{desc|ur|پانی}}
** {{desctree|inc-ogu|पाणी}}
** {{desctree|rom|pani}}
* {{desc|scp|पानी|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:CDIAL|pg=8082|pāṇĭ̄a}}
* {{R:inc:Pischel|83}}
* {{R:inc:Cowell|110}}
* {{R:pra:Sheth|पाणिअ}}
{{c|pra|水}}
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abdico
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{{also|abdicó|abdicò}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|abdicar}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{gl-verb form of|abdicar}}
==意大利語==
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|abdicare||1|s|pres|indc}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源1===
源自 {{affix|la|ab-|t1=從,來自|dīcō|t2=說}}。
====發音====
* {{la-IPA|abdīcō}}
====動詞====
{{la-verb|irreg|abdīcō}} {{tlb|la|rare}}
# {{lb|la|指不詳之兆|只出現過一次}} [[反對]];[[拒絕]];[[否認]];[[禁止]]
#: {{syn|la|prohibeō|vetō}}
#* {{Q|la|Cicero|De divinatione|1|17|31|quote=Itaque sue inventā ad merīdiem spectāns in vīneā mediā dīcitur cōnstitisse, cumque in quattuor partīs vīneam dīvīsisset trīsque partīs avēs '''abdīxissent''', quārtā parte, quae erat relīqua, in regiōnēs distribūta, mīrābilī magnitūdine ūvam, ut scriptum vidēmus, invēnit.|}}
# {{lb|la|法律}} 通過[[判決]][[剝奪]][[權利]]
#: {{syn|la|dētrahō}}
=====變位=====
{{la-conj|irreg|abdīcō}}
=====相關詞彙=====
{{rel4
|la|addīcō
|benedīcō
|condīcō
|contrādīcō
|dīcō
|ēdīcō
|indīcō
|interdīcō
|maledīcō
|praedīcō
|prōdīcō
|superdīcō
}}
===詞源2===
源自 {{affix|la|ab-|t1=從,來自|dicō|t2=奉獻}}。
====發音====
* {{la-IPA|abdicō}}
====動詞====
{{la-verb|1+|abdicō}}
# [[否認]]
#: {{syn|la|abnegō|abnuō|dēnegō|negō|recūsō|respuō}}
#: {{ant|la|approbō|cōnfiteor|dō|permittō}}
# [[辭職]];[[退位]]
# [[廢除]];[[放棄]]
# [[剝奪]]……的[[繼承權]];和……[[斷絕]][[關係]]
=====變位=====
{{la-conj|1+|abdicō}}
=====派生詞彙=====
{{der3
|la|abdicātiō
|abdicatīvus
|abdicātrīx
}}
=====相關詞彙=====
{{rel3
|la|abdicātīvē
|dēdicō
|dicō
|indicō
|praedicō
}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|abdikoj}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ca|abdicar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|abdikovat}}
* {{desc|bor=1|da|abdicere}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|abdicate}}
* {{desc|bor=1|eo|abdiki}}
** {{desc|bor=1|io|abdikar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|de|abdizieren}}
** {{desc|bor=1|nl|abdiceren}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gl|abdicar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|it|abdicare}}
* {{desc|bor=1|frm|abdiquer}}
** {{desctree|fr|abdiquer}}
* {{desc|bor=1|nb|abdisere}}
* {{desc|bor=1|oc|abdicar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pt|abdicar}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|абдицирати}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|abdicirati}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sl|abdicirati}}
* {{desc|bor=1|scn|abdicari}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|abdicar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
* '''2004,''' Professor Kidd, et al. ''Collins Gem Latin Dictionary''. HarperCollins Publishers, {{ISBN|0-00-470763-X}}, page 1.
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|abdicar}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|abdicar}}
rg74mnel64dr9bcy9ssvmvuv46tfrd7
imprimo
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==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|imprìmo}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|imprimere||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=iimmopr|impormi}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{prefix|la|in|premō|gloss2=壓}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|imprimō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|3|imprimō|impress|impress}}
# [[壓]]
# [[壓印]];[[蓋印]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|imprimō|impress|impress}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|la|imprĭmātur|impressĭō|impressus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|imprimir}}、{{desc|ca|emprémer|nolang=1}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|imprint|impress}}
* {{desc|frp|empreindre|emprimar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|empreindre|imprimer|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|imprimir}}
* {{desc|it|imprimere}}
* {{desc|de|Impressum|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|imprimir}}
* {{desc|scn|mprìmiri}}
* {{desc|es|imprimir}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|imprimir}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|imprimar}}
# {{es-verb form of|imprimir}}
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adamas
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{{also|Adamas|adamás|adāmas|adāmās}}
==拉丁语==
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|adamāns}}
===词源===
源自{{der|la|grc|ἀδάμας||無敵的;不可戰勝的}},可能源自 {{m|grc|ἀ-||不}} + {{m|grc|δαμνάω||征服}} 或源自{{der|la|sem|-}}。
===发音===
* {{la-IPA|adamās}}
===名词===
{{la-noun|adamās/adamant<3>|g=m}}
# [[硬石]],[[金剛石]]
# [[堅硬]]或[[持久]]的事物
# {{lb|la|比喻|指人的性格}} [[堅強]];[[不屈不撓]]
====变格====
{{la-ndecl|adamās/adamant<3>}}
'''adamanta''':希臘式賓格
====衍生词汇====
* {{l|la|adamantēus}}
* {{l|la|adamantinus}}
====后代词汇====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|adham|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|en|adamant|diamond}} {{qual|經由古法語}}
* {{desc|ga|adhmaint|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ist|giamanto}}
* {{desc|it|adamante}}
* {{desc|pt|adamante|diamante|ímã}}
* {{desc|scn|damanti|diamanti}}
* {{desc|es|adamante|diamante|imán}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*adimas|alt=*adimas, *adimantem|der=1}}、{{desc|la-vul|*diamas|alt=*diamas, *diamantem|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|ca|imant}}、{{desc|ca|diamant|nolang=1}} {{qual|經由法語}}
** {{desc|fro|aimant}}、{{desc|fro|diamant|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|fr|aimant}}、{{desc|fr|diamant|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|it|diamante}}
{{bottom}}
===参考资料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
==中古英语==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|enm|adames}}
===词源===
{{lbor|enm|la|adamās}},源自{{der|enm|grc|ἀδάμας}}。对比{{m|enm|adamant}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|enm|/adəˈmaːs/|/ˈadəmas/}}
===名词===
{{head|enm|名詞}}
# {{lb|enm|rare}} [[硬石]],[[金剛石]]
# {{lb|enm|rare}} [[磁鐵礦]]
====参考资料====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=adamas |pos=n |id=MED444 |accessdate=2018-05-11}}
{{C|enm|寶石|礦物}}
==波兰语==
===发音===
{{pl-pr|-|mp=#}}
===名词===
{{pl-noun|m-an!}}
# {{alt form of|pl|from=中古波蘭語|adamant|t=[[鑽石]]}}
====变格====
{{pl-mid-decl-noun
|noms=adamas
|gens=-
|dats=-
|accs=adamas
|inss=-
|locs=-
|vocs=-
|nomp=-
|genp=-
|datp=-
|accp=-
|insp=-
|locp=-
|vocp=-
}}
==西班牙语==
===动词===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|adamar}}
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{{also|fructificó}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|la|frūctus|-ficō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|frūctificō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|frūctificō}}
# 結[[果實]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|frūctificō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 繼承詞:
** {{desc|fro}}
**: 查法蒂語:{{desc|fro|frotigier|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|afruitevegar|afruitivegar|der=1}}
** {{desc|osp|fruchiguar}}
*** {{desc|lad|frochiguar|fruchiguar}}
* 借詞:
** {{desctree|fro|fructefier|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|fruttificare|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nap|frottefecare|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|frutificar|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|fructifica|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|fructificar|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|fructificar}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/rǫkavъ
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sla-pro|*rǫka|*-avъ}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m}}
# [[袖子]]
====變格====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|рѫкавъ|рукавъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|рука́въ}}
**** {{desc|be|рука́ў}}
**** {{desc|uk|рука́в}}
*** {{desc|ru|рука́в}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|ръка́в}}
** {{desc|mk|ракав}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ру̀ка̄в|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|rùkāv|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|rokáv}}
*** 羅夫特方言 {{a|sla-pro|Črni vrh, Idrija}}:{{l|sl|rḁkȃu}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|rukáv}}
*** {{desc|cs|rukáv}}
**** 波西米亞 {{a|sla-pro|Chod 方言}}:{{l|cs|rukáv}}
** {{desc|pox|rǫkăv}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|rękaw}}
*** {{desc|pl|rękaw}}
*** {{desc|szl|rynkŏw}}
** {{desc|sk|rukáv}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|rukaw}}
*** {{desc|dsb|rukaw}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|рука́в}}
{{C|sla-pro|服裝}}
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excito
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{{also|excitó}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|excitar}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|excieō|exciere|呼喚;喚起;激發}} 的反復形,源自 {{affix|la|ex-|gloss1=外;出|cieo|alt2=ciere|gloss2=叫;召;喚}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ex.citō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+.poet-sync-perf|excitō}}
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[召喚]];喚來
# {{lb|la|及物}} 使[[產生]];[[培養]];[[建立]]
# {{lb|la|及物|比喻}} [[刺激]];[[激發]];使[[啟動]]
#: {{syn|la|īnstīgō|īnstinguō|exciō|irrītō|stimulō|sollicitō|percieō|concieō|cieō|concitō|urgeō|impellō|īnflammō|incendō|moveō|mōlior|adhortor|ērigō}}
#: {{ant|la|domō|lēniō|sōpiō|sēdō|dēlēniō|restinguō|plācō|coerceō|mītigō|commītigō|ēlevō|levō|allevō|alleviō}}
#* [[w:昆圖斯·庫爾提烏斯·魯福斯|Quintus Curtius Rufus]], ''Historiae Alexandri Magni'', Book VI
#*: {{quote|la|Parva saepe scintilla contempta magnum '''excitavit''' incendium.|一个被忽视的小火花往往会'''引发'''一场大火。}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+.poet-sync-perf|excitō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|excitatio}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sdn|sciutà}}
** {{desc|nap|scetare}}
** {{desc|sdc|isceddà|isciddà}}
** {{desc|scn|scitare}} {{qualifier|卡拉布里亞}}
* 撒丁語:
** {{desc|sc-sro|schidai}}
** {{desc|sc-src|ischidare}}
** {{desc|sc-nuo|ischitare}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|pro|esedar}}
* 通俗拉丁語:
** {{desc|la-vul|*dēexcitō|der=1|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|ca|excitar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|excite|bor=1}}
* {{desc|eo|eksciti|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|exciter|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fur|ecitâ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|excitar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|eccitare|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pms|ecité|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|excitar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|excita|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|excitar|bor=1}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:NLW}}
* {{R:FEW|3|273|excitare}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|excitar}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|excitar}}
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exhalo
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{{also|exhaló}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|exhalar}}
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|exhālō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|exhālō}}
# [[呼氣]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|exhālō}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|la|inhalo}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|exhālātiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ca|exhalar}}
* {{desc|fr|exhaler}}
* {{desc|gl|exhalar}}
* {{desc|it|scialare}}、{{desc|it|esalare|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|oc|exalar}}
* {{desc|pt|exalar}}
* {{desc|es|exhalar}}
{{bottom}}
===參見===
* {{l|la|halo}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|exhalar}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|exhalar}}
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ddar
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==倮倮潑語==
===名詞===
{{ycl-noun}}
# [[語言]]
==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|dder}}
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{head|rif|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[活着]],[[存活]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|ddar|ddar|ddir|tteddar|tteddar}}
====派生詞彙====
* 使役動詞:{{l|rif|seddar|t=使復甦;使有生氣}}
** 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|aseddar}}
* {{l|rif|tudart|t=生活}}
* {{l|rif|taddart|t=房屋}}
* {{l|rif|ameddur|t=生活方式}}
* {{l|rif|amuddar|t=動物}}
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ਮਸੀਤਿ
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==古旁遮普語==
===詞源===
{{root|inc-opa|ar|س ج د}}
{{dercat|inc-opa|arc}}
{{bor+|inc-opa|fa-cls|مسجد|tr=masjid}},源自{{der|inc-opa|ar|مَسْجِد}}。對照{{cog|inc-ohi|मसीति}}、{{cog|omr|𑘦𑘭𑘲𑘝𑘲}}。
===名詞===
{{inc-opa-noun|g=f|sha=مسیت}}
# [[清真寺]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pa||alt=masīt}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਮਸੀਤ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|مَسِیت|tr=-|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:inc-opa:Glossary|230}}
* {{R:inc-opa:SGGS}}
{{c|inc-opa|伊斯蘭教}}
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بیگانه
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==波斯語==
===詞源===
與{{cog|kmr|biyanî}} 同源。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|bēgāna}}
===形容詞===
{{fa-adj|tr=bigâne}}
# [[外國]]的,[[外來]]的
# [[陌生]]的,不[[熟悉]]的
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=bigâne|pl=بیگانگان|pltr=bigânegân|pl2=بیگانهها|pl2tr=bigâne-hâ}}
# [[局外人]]
# [[外國人]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|biganə|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|বেগানা|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|બેગાના|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-ohi|बेगांनां|tr=begā̃nā̃|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|inc-opa|ਬੇਗਾਨਾ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|ويڳاڻو|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|वेॻाणो|sclang=1}}
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بیبی
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{{also|Bibi|bibi|bìbì|bǐbǐ|бибі|بیبی|بی بی|ބިބީ|बीबी|বিবি}}
==波斯語==
[[File:51 Q di picche.jpg|thumb|<div style="text-align: right;">{{lang|fa|کارتِ بیبیِ پیک در ورقبازی}}</div>一張黑桃Q|right|250px]]
===詞源===
{{rfe|fa}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|bī`bī}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|بیبی|مادربزرگ|бибӣ}}
{{fa-noun|tr=bi-bi}}
# {{lb|fa|chiefly|Dari|Tajik}} [[奶奶]]
# 對[[年長]][[女性]]的[[尊稱]]
#: {{uxi|fa|آرامگاهِ '''بیبی''' شهربانو|tr=ârâmgâh-e '''bi-bi''' šahrbânu|t=[[w:en:Bibi Shahr Banu Shrine|沙赫尔巴努女士庙]]}}
# {{lb|fa|卡片遊戲}} [[Q]],[[圈兒]]
====屈折====
{{fa-basic-i|bib}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|বিবি|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|બીબી|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|hi|बीबी|bor=1}}
* {{desc|klj|bîbi|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਬੀਬੀ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|بیبی|sclang=1|tr=bībī}}
* {{desc|rom|bibi|bor=1|unc=1}}
{{C|fa|家庭|稱謂}}
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انسانیت
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|إِنْسَانِيَّة}}。
{{root|ota|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=insaniyet}}
# [[人性]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|insaniyet}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ota:Mallouf:1856|humanité|page=338}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|إِنْسَانِيَّة}}。{{surf|fa|انسان<tr:ensân>|ـیت<tr:-iyat>}}。
{{root|fa|ar|ء ن س}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|insāniˈyat}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=ensâniyyat}}
# [[人性]]
#: {{syn|fa|بشریت<tr:bašariyat>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|ইনসানিয়াত|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਇਨਸਾਨੀਅਤ|sclang=1|tr=insānīat}}
*: {{desc|pa|انسانیت|sclang=1|tr=insānīyat}}
* → 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|इनसानियत}}
*: {{desc|ur|انسانیت|tr=insāniyat}}
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|انسانیت|tr=insānīyat}}。
{{root|ur|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=اِنْسانِیَت|hi=इनसानियत}}
# [[人性]]
==烏修基語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ush|ur|انسانیت|tr=insānīyat}}。
{{root|ush|ar|ء ن س}}
===名詞===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=insānīyat}}
# [[人性]]
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ولایت
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|ولایت}}、{{der+|ota|ar|وِلَايَة}}。
{{root|ota|ar|و ل ي}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=vilayet|pl=ولایات}}
# [[省份]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|vilayet}}
* {{desc|hy|վիլայեթ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|vilayet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|vilayet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Wilajet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sq|vilajet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|nl|vilajet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|vilajet|bor=1}}
{{c|ota|行政區劃}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{root|fa|ar|و ل ي}}
{{lbor|fa|ar|وِلَايَة}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|wilāyat}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|ولایت|ولایت|вилоят}}
{{fa-noun|head=وِلَايَت|tr=velâyat|pl=ولایتها|pl2=ولایات|pl2tr=velâyât}}
# [[省份]]
#: {{syn|fa|استان|tr=ostân}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|বিলাত|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|বিলাত|bor=1}}
* {{desc|my|ဘိလပ်|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gu|વિલાયત|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 印度斯坦語:vilāyat
** {{desc|hi|विलायत|tr=-}}
** {{desc|ur|وِلَایَت}}
*** {{→}} {{desc|en|Blighty}}
* {{desc|mr|विलायत|bor=1}}
* {{desc|or|ବିଲାତ|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|ولایت|tr=vilayet|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਵਲਾਇਤ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|وَلایت|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|وِلائِتُ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|विलाइत|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|th|วิลาด|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tk|welaýat|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|tk|велаят|sclang=1}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|و ل ي}}
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|ولایت|tr=wilāyat}},源自{{der|ur|ar|وِلَايَة}}。對照{{cog|mr|विलायत}}、{{cog|bn|বিলাত}}/{{m|bn|বিলেত}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|vilāyat}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=وِلایَت|tr=vilāyat|hi=विलायत}}
# [[省]];[[州]];[[國]]
#: {{syn|ur|صوبہ|ریاست|مُلک|tr1=sūbā|tr2=riyāsat|tr3=mulk}}
# [[支配]],[[管轄]],[[統治]]
#: {{syn|ur|حکومت|tr=hukūmat}}
# [[外國]](尤指[[西方]]國家)
# {{lb|ur|棄用}} [[英格蘭]];[[英國]];[[大不列顛]]
# {{lb|ur|historical|棄用}} [[波斯]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ur|وِلائتی|tr=vilā'itī}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi|ولايت}}
* {{R:inc-hnd:Platts|ولايت}}
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بادلجان
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|بادنجان|tr1=badincan|بادنگان|tr2=badingan|پاتلجان|tr3=patlıcan|پاطلجان|tr4=patlıcan}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|بادلجان|tr=bâdeljân}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=badlican}}
# [[茄子]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|patlıcan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|patëllxhan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|pãtlãganã}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|փաթլիճան}}
* {{desc|bor=1|be|баклажан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bg|патладжан|патлиджан}}
** {{desc|bor=1|hu|padlizsán}}
* {{desc|bor=1|crh|patılcan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cs|baklažán|patližán|patlažán}}
* {{desc|bor=1|el|πατλιτζάνι}}
* {{desc|bor=1|lzz|ფატიჯანი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mk|патлиџан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mg|baranjely}}
* {{desc|ka-mid|ბადლიჯანი|bor=1}}
** {{desctree|ka|ბადრიჯანი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|pl|bakłażan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ro|pătlăgea|alts=1}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ru|баклажан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|патлиџан}}
*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|patlidžan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sk|baklažán}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uk|баклажан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|uz|baklajan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|yi|פּאַטלעזשאַן}}
{{c|ota|茄科植物|蔬菜}}
==波斯語==
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|bādil`jān}}
===名詞===
{{fa-noun|tr=bâdeljân}}
# {{alternative form of|fa|بادنجان|tr=bâdenjân}}
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==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|mēnsūra}}
===詞源1===
源自 {{m|la|mēnsus}},源自 {{m|la|mētior||測量}}。
====名詞====
{{la-noun|mēnsūra<1>}}
# [[測量]],[[計量]]
# {{lb|la|by extension}} [[量度]]的[[標準]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} [[數量]]
=====變格=====
{{la-ndecl|mēnsūra<1>}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|la|mēnsūrābilis}}
* {{l|la|mēnsūrālis}}
* {{l|la|mēnsūrō}}
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|la|mēnsūrātiō}}
* {{l|la|mēnsūrātor}}
* {{l|la|mētior}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|mëshere|mueshirë}}
* {{desc|rup|misurã}}
* {{desc|ca|mesura}}
* {{desc|fur|misure}}
* {{desc|gl|mesura}}
* {{desc|de|Mensur}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ga|measair}}
* {{desc|it|misura}}
* {{desc|lld|mesura}}
* {{desc|oc|mesura}}
* {{desc|fro|mesure}}
** {{desc|fr|mesure}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ga|miosúr}}
** {{desctree|enm|mesure|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nrf|m'suthe}}
** {{desc|wa|muzeure}}
* {{desc|pt|mesura}}
* {{desc|ro|măsură}}
* {{desc|rm|mesira|masira|maseira|masüra|imsüra}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ru|мензура}}
* {{desc|sc|mesura|misura}}
* {{desc|scn|misura}}
* {{desc|es|mesura}}、{{desc|nolang=1|es|mensura|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|mexura}}
{{bottom}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|la|動詞變位形式|head=mēnsūrā}}
# {{inflection of|la|mēnsūrō||2|s|pres|actv|impr}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{C|la|尺寸}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===詞源1===
{{lbor|es|la|mēnsūra}}。
====名詞====
{{es-noun|f}}
# [[測量]],[[計量]]
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|mensurar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
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{{also|Merenda|merendá}}
==捷克語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|cs|it|merenda}},源自{{der|cs|la|merenda}}。
===發音===
* {{cs-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{cs-noun|f}}
# {{lb|cs|古舊}} [[舞會]]
#: {{syn|cs|veselice|zábava|veselka}}
# {{lb|cs|方言}} 配奶油的煮[[李子]]([[醬]])
# {{lb|cs|方言}} 奶油[[草莓]]泥
====變格====
{{cs-ndecl|f}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:cs:PSJC}}
* {{R:cs:SSJC}}
* {{R:cs:IJP}}
==加利西亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|gl|roa-opt|merenda}},{{inh+|gl|la|merenda}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pt|merenda}}、{{cog|es|merienda}}、{{cog|it|merenda}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|gl|/meˈɾenda̝/}}
===名詞===
{{gl-noun|f}}
# [[下午]][[小吃]]
# 兩[[主餐]]之間的[[輕食]]或小吃
# [[野餐]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|gl|merendar}}
* {{l|gl|quitamerendas}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:gl:DDGM}}
* {{R:gl:CX}}
* {{R:gl:DDLG}}
* {{R:gl:TILG}}
* {{R:TLPGP}}
{{C|gl|餐}}
==意大利語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|it|la|merenda||傍晚簡餐}}。對照{{cog|gl,pt|merenda}}、{{cog|es|merienda}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|merènda}}
* {{audio|it|LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-merenda.wav|音頻}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# [[零食]],[[小吃]] {{gloss|一般指下午的}}
#: {{syn|it|spuntino}}
# [[下午茶]]
# [[野餐]]
#: {{syn|it|picnic}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|it|merendina}}
* {{l|it|merendero}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=adeemnr|darmene|mendare}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*(s)mer-|id=分配}}
源自 {{m|la|mereō||掙得,賺得}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|merenda}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|merenda<1>}}
# [[傍晚]][[簡餐]]
# [[味道]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|merenda<1>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語:
** {{desc|rup|mirindi}}
** {{desc|ro|merinde}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|marianda|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|merenda}}
** {{desc|nap|merenna}}
** {{desc|scn|mirenna}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|egl|brenda|branda}}
** {{desc|fur|mirinde}}
** {{desc|ist|marenda}}
** {{desc|lld|marënda}}
** {{desc|pms|marenda}}
** {{desc|rgn|brenda}}
** {{desc|rm|marenda}}
*** {{desc|de|Marend|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|mhn|marenn|bor=1|unc=1}}
** {{desc|vec|marenda}}
*** {{desc|cim|maren|bor=1}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|marendar}}
** {{desc|fro|marende}}
*** {{desc|roa-brg|mairande}}
*** {{desc|wa|marinde}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|brenna|berienda|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ca|berena}}
** {{desc|oc|merenda}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|merienda}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|merenda}}
*** {{desc|gl|merenda}}
*** {{desc|pt|merenda}}
** {{desctree|es|merienda}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|merenda}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Persons}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
{{C|la|餐|飲食}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{rhymes|pt|ẽdɐ|s=3}}
* {{hyph|pt|me|ren|da}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|pt|roa-opt|merenda}},{{inh+|pt|la|merenda||傍晚簡餐}}。
====名詞====
{{pt-noun|f}}
# 學生[[餐]]
# [[晚午餐]]
# [[零食]],[[小吃]]
#: {{syn|pt|lanche}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|pt|merendeiro}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====動詞====
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|merendar}}
jm6i6xhrtvlo5vk6uhhc6zylm5fod6l
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{{also|𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀺}}
==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|inc-ash|𑀅𑀕|ts=agga}},{{inh+|pra|sa|अग्र|tr=ágra}}。和{{cog|pi|agga}} 同源。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|m|s|g=n}}
# [[開頭]],[[頂部]],[[前面]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|n}}
====派生語彙====
* {{l|pra|𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮}}
** {{desctree|inc-ogu|आगलि|tr=ā̃gali}}
* {{l|pra||*𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕-𑀮-𑀅}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
*** {{desc|mr|आगळे}}
* {{l|pra|𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀑}}、{{l|pra|𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀤𑁄}} {{qualifier|離格單數}}
** {{desc|gu|અગાઉ}}
** {{desc|hi|अगाऊ}}
** {{desc|omr|-}}
**: {{desc|omr|𑘀𑘑𑘰𑘪|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|𑘁𑘑𑘰𑘌}}、{{l|omr|𑘁𑘑𑘰𑘪}}
**: {{desc|omr|अघाव|sclang=1}}、{{l|omr|आघाओ}}、{{l|omr|आघाव}}
*** {{desc|mr|आगाऊ}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਅਗਾਊਂ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|اگاؤں|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:hi:Misra|141}}
* {{R:inc:Pischel|66}}
* {{R:inc:CGMIA|44}}
* {{R:CDIAL|ágra|68}}
78t8384o5mgj2y2ln5mf5f84m3jp7ci
depilo
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{{also|depiló|depilò}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|depilar}}
==加利西亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|gl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{gl-verb form of|depilar}}
==意大利語==
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|depilare||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=deilop|dipelo|dipelò|lepido|lepido-}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{prefix|la|de|pilō}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|dēpilō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|dēpilō}}
# [[拔毛]]
# [[剝皮]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|dēpilō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|deapir|dipirari}}
* {{desc|ca|depilar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|dépiler|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|dipelare}};{{desc|it|depilare|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|pt|depilar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|dăpăra|depăra}};{{desc|ro|depila|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|scn|dipilari|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|depilar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|depilate|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|depilar}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|depilar}}
m6tkqdk2qx2lr4v6wuli56orbief18m
آفیون
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ota|աֆիյօն||Armeno-Turkish}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|أَفْيُون||鴉片}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=afyon}}
# [[鴉片]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|آفیون روحی|tr=afyon ruhu|t=阿片酊}}
|{{l|ota|آفیون طوزی|tr=afyon tuzu|t=嗎啡}}
|{{l|ota|آفیون قره حصار|tr=afyon kara hisar|t=阿菲永卡拉希薩爾}}
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|afyon}}
** {{desc|bor=1|hu|áfium}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mk|афион}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|afion}}
** {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|афѝо̄н|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|afìōn|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:OTK|afyon|vol=1|page=124}}
* {{R:ota:Hindoglu|page=53a}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=26}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1210|Opium}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|L|column=326}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|afyon}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=161}}
{{C|ota|罌粟科}}
k515dfdrnn2itq2qn2ab0blvdoadv3u
Reconstruction:原始伊朗語/pHtā́
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始伊朗語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ira-pro|iir-pro|*pHtā́}},{{inh+|ira-pro|ine-pro|*ph₂tḗr}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ira-pro|名詞|g=m}}
# {{c|ira-pro|家庭成員|男性}} [[父親]]
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ae|𐬞𐬙𐬁|𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭}}
* 東北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|xsc-pro}}
*** {{desc|kho|tr=pätar-}}
*** {{desc|os|-}}
***: {{desc|os-dig|фидӕ}}
***: {{desc|os-iro|фыд}}
** {{desc|sog|tr=ptr-}}
* 東南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ps|پلار|tr=plar}}
* 西北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|bal|پت|tr=pit}}
** 庫爾德語:
**: {{desc|kmr|peya|t=男人}}
**: {{desc|sdh|پیا}}
** {{desc|ira-mpr-pro}}
*** 裏海語支:
**** 古{{desc|mzn|پیر|tr=piyar}}
***** {{desc|mzn|پر|tr=pər}}
*** {{desc|xme-ott|-}}
***: {{desc|xme-azr|پیر|tr=piyar|t=父親}}
*** {{desc|zza|pi}}
* 西南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|peo|sc=Xpeo|𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠|ts=pitā}}
*** {{desc|pal|-}}
***: {{desc|pal|tr=AB'|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}、{{l|pal|tr=pt'|sc=Phlv}}、{{l|pal|tr=pyt'|ts=pid|sc=Phlv}}、{{l|pal|tr=ABYtl|sc=Phlv}}、{{l|pal|tr=pytl|ts=pidar|sc=Phlv}}
**** {{desc|fa-cls}}
***** {{desc|fa-ira|پدر|tr=pedar}}
***** {{desc|hi|पिदर|bor=1}}
**** 盧里語支:
***** {{desc|lrc|پیا|tr=piyā|t=男人}}
***** {{desc|bqi|پیا|tr=piyā}}
***** {{desc|luz|پیا|tr=piyā}}
{{bottom}}
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Module:Etymon
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--[=[
This module implements the {{etymon}} template for structured etymology data on Wiktionary.
It enables the creation of etymology trees and text by parsing etymon chains,
scraping linked pages for their own {{etymon}} data, and recursively building a tree
of derivational relationships.
Authors:
- Original implementation: [[User:Ioaxxere]]
- Full refactor (September 2025): [[User:Fenakhay]] ([[Special:Diff/86717746]])
Modules:
- [[Module:etymon]]: main module handling parsing, validation, tree building, and page scraping
- [[Module:etymon/data]]: keyword definitions, configuration, and status constants
- [[Module:etymon/tree]]: etymology tree rendering
- [[Module:etymon/text]]: etymology text generation
- [[Module:etymon/categories]]: category generation logic
- [[Module:etymon/tracking]]: tracking
]=]
local export = {}
local __state = {
cached_etymon_args = {},
cached_etymon_pages = {},
cached_descendants_checks = {},
senseid_parent_etymon = {},
available_etymon_ids = {},
single_etymons = {},
entry_title = nil,
entry_lang_code = nil,
current_page_has_inline_etymology = false,
current_page_has_redundant_etymology = false,
used_idless_etymon = false,
toplevel_has_inline_etymology = false,
toplevel_redundant_etymology = false,
toplevel_idless_etymon = false,
has_mismatched_id = false,
linked_page_multiple_etymons_idless = false,
linked_page_partial_etymology_sections = false,
partial_etymology_targets = {},
skip_partial_etymology_category = false,
max_depth_reached = 0,
total_nodes = 0,
language_count = {},
toplevel_keyword_stats = {},
id_stats = nil,
warnings = {},
}
local function reset_invocation_state()
__state.current_page_has_inline_etymology = false
__state.current_page_has_redundant_etymology = false
__state.used_idless_etymon = false
__state.toplevel_has_inline_etymology = false
__state.toplevel_redundant_etymology = false
__state.toplevel_idless_etymon = false
__state.has_mismatched_id = false
__state.linked_page_multiple_etymons_idless = false
__state.linked_page_partial_etymology_sections = false
__state.max_depth_reached = 0
__state.total_nodes = 0
__state.language_count = {}
__state.toplevel_keyword_stats = {}
__state.warnings = {}
end
local M = require("Module:module loader").init({
require = {
data = "Module:etymon/data",
tree = "Module:etymon/tree",
text = "Module:etymon/text",
categories = "Module:etymon/categories",
tracking = "Module:etymon/tracking",
descendants = "Module:etymon/descendants",
anchors = "Module:anchors",
etydate = "Module:etydate",
etymology = "Module:etymology",
families = "Module:families",
languages = "Module:languages",
languages_errorgetby = "Module:languages/errorGetBy",
links = "Module:links",
pages = "Module:pages",
parameters = "Module:parameters",
string_utilities = "Module:string utilities",
template_parser = "Module:template parser",
utilities = "Module:utilities",
debug = "Module:debug",
en_utilities = "Module:en-utilities",
parse_utilities = "Module:parse utilities",
references = "Module:references",
template_styles = "Module:TemplateStyles",
script_utilities = "Module:script utilities",
JSON = "Module:JSON",
yesno = "Module:yesno",
},
loadData = {
headword_data = "Module:headword/data",
parameters_data = "Module:parameters/data",
text_allowed = "Module:etymon/data/text_allowed",
},
})
local Util = {}
function Util.format_error(message, preview_only)
if preview_only and not M.pages.is_preview() then
return nil
end
return '<span class="error">' .. message .. '</span>'
end
function Util.add_warning(message, preview_only)
local formatted = Util.format_error(message, preview_only)
if formatted then
table.insert(__state.warnings, formatted)
end
end
function Util.is_text_param_allowed_for_lang(lang)
if not lang or type(lang) ~= "table" then
return false
end
local types = lang.getTypes and lang:getTypes()
if types and types.family then
local code = lang.getCode and lang:getCode()
return code and M.text_allowed.families[code] == true
end
local full_code = lang.getFullCode and lang:getFullCode()
if full_code and M.text_allowed.langs[full_code] then
return true
end
if lang.inFamily then
for family_code in pairs(M.text_allowed.families) do
if lang:inFamily(family_code) then
return true
end
end
end
return false
end
function Util.get_lang(code, no_error)
if no_error then
return M.languages.getByCode(code, nil, true)
end
return M.languages.getByCode(code, nil, true) or M.languages_errorgetby.code(code, true, true)
end
-- Match a term language against a text=:lang stop target (supports etymology-only codes).
function Util.lang_matches_stop_code(term_lang, stop_code)
if not term_lang or not stop_code or stop_code == "" then
return false
end
local stop_lang = Util.get_lang(stop_code, true)
if not stop_lang then
return false
end
if term_lang:getCode() == stop_lang:getCode() then
return true
end
if stop_lang:getFullCode() == stop_lang:getCode() then
return term_lang:getFullCode() == stop_lang:getCode()
end
return false
end
function Util.get_family(code)
return M.families.getByCode(code)
end
function Util.get_lang_exception(lang)
-- Families have no language-specific exceptions
if lang.getTypes and lang:getTypes().family then
return nil
end
local code = lang:getCode()
local lang_exceptions = M.data.config.lang_exceptions
if lang_exceptions[code] then
return lang_exceptions[code]
end
for norm_code, exc in pairs(lang_exceptions) do
if exc.normalize_to and code == exc.normalize_to then
return exc
end
if exc.normalize_from_families then
local should_normalize = false
for _, family in ipairs(exc.normalize_from_families) do
if lang:inFamily(family) then
should_normalize = true
break
end
end
if should_normalize and exc.normalize_exclude_families then
for _, family in ipairs(exc.normalize_exclude_families) do
if lang:inFamily(family) then
should_normalize = false
break
end
end
end
if should_normalize then
local ret = {}
for k, v in pairs(exc) do
ret[k] = v
end
ret.suppress_tr = nil
return ret
end
end
end
return nil
end
function Util.get_norm_lang(lang)
local exc = Util.get_lang_exception(lang)
if exc and exc.normalize_to then
return M.languages.getByCode(exc.normalize_to)
end
return lang
end
function Util.resolve_context_lang(lang, node_args)
if type(node_args) ~= "table" then return lang end
if node_args.status == M.data.STATUS.INLINE then return lang end
if not (lang.hasType and lang:hasType("etymology-only")) then return lang end
local full = lang.getFull and lang:getFull()
if not full or full:getCode() == lang:getCode() then return lang end
if full.hasAncestor and full:hasAncestor(lang) then return lang end
return full
end
-- Add default values for boolean modifiers (e.g., <unc> becomes <unc:1>)
-- This is needed because Module:parse utilities expects boolean modifiers to have explicit values
function Util.add_boolean_defaults(str, param_mods)
local result = str
for name, spec in pairs(param_mods) do
if spec.type == "boolean" then
-- Replace <name> with <name:1> (but not <name:...> which already has a value)
result = result:gsub("<" .. name .. ">", "<" .. name .. ":1>")
end
end
return result
end
local REQUEST_TEMPLATE_PARAM_MODS = {
rfe = {
nocat = { type = "boolean" },
sort = {},
y = {},
m = {},
fragment = {},
section = {},
box = { type = "boolean" },
noes = { type = "boolean" },
},
etystub = {
nocat = { type = "boolean" },
sort = {},
nocap = { type = "boolean" },
nodot = { type = "boolean" },
},
}
function Util.expand_request_template(frame, template_name, param_value, lang_code)
local param_mods = REQUEST_TEMPLATE_PARAM_MODS[template_name]
local with_defaults = Util.add_boolean_defaults(param_value, param_mods)
local parsed = M.parse_utilities.parse_inline_modifiers(with_defaults, {
param_mods = param_mods,
generate_obj = function(text)
if M.yesno(text, false) then
return { is_boolean = true }
end
return { text = text }
end,
})
local template_args = { [1] = lang_code }
for name in pairs(param_mods) do
template_args[name] = parsed[name]
end
if not parsed.is_boolean then
template_args[2] = parsed.text
end
return " " .. frame:expandTemplate({
title = template_name,
args = template_args,
})
end
-- Centralized term formatting: handles suppress_term (-), unknown_term (empty/+), and regular terms
function Util.format_term(term, is_toplevel, opts)
opts = opts or {}
-- suppress_term (-) returns nil
if term.suppress_term then
return nil
end
local lang = term.lang
local exc = Util.get_lang_exception(lang)
if is_toplevel then
local display_text = term.alt or term.title or ""
local sc = term.sc or lang:findBestScript(display_text)
local bold_text = tostring(mw.html.create("strong")
:addClass("selflink")
:wikitext(display_text))
return M.script_utilities.tag_text(bold_text, lang, sc, "term")
end
local link_params = { lang = lang }
link_params.term = not term.unknown_term and term.title or nil
link_params.alt = term.alt
link_params.id = (not term.unknown_term and term.id and term.id ~= "") and term.id or nil
if not (exc and exc.suppress_tr) then
link_params.tr = term.tr
link_params.ts = term.ts
else
link_params.suppress_tr = true
end
link_params.lit = (opts.lit ~= "suppress") and term.lit or nil
if opts.gloss ~= "suppress" then
link_params.gloss = term.t
end
if term.g and term.g ~= "" then
local genders = M.string_utilities.split(term.g, ",")
for i = 1, #genders do
genders[i] = M.string_utilities.trim(genders[i])
end
link_params.genders = genders
end
if opts.pos ~= "suppress" then
link_params.pos = term.pos
link_params.ng = term.ng
end
if exc and exc.suppress_tr then
link_params.lit = nil
end
if opts.tree_ql ~= "suppress" then
if term.q then
link_params.q = term.q
end
if term.qq then
link_params.qq = term.qq
end
if term.l then
link_params.l = term.l
end
if term.ll then
link_params.ll = term.ll
end
link_params.show_decorations = term.q or term.qq or term.l or term.ll
end
return M.links.full_link(link_params, "term")
end
local __is_content_page_cached
function Util.is_content_page()
if __is_content_page_cached == nil then
__is_content_page_cached = M.pages.is_content_page(mw.title.getCurrentTitle())
end
return __is_content_page_cached
end
local __page_data_cached
function Util.get_page_data()
if not __page_data_cached then
__page_data_cached = M.headword_data.page
end
return __page_data_cached
end
-- Extract base keyword from param (without modifiers)
local function get_keyword_base(param)
if type(param) ~= "string" then return nil end
local base = param:match("^:?([^<]+)") or param:gsub("^:", "")
return base
end
local function is_keyword(param, allow_colon_less)
if type(param) ~= "string" then return false end
local keywords = M.data.keywords
if param:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
local base = get_keyword_base(param)
return keywords[base] ~= nil
end
if allow_colon_less then
local base = get_keyword_base(param)
return keywords[base] ~= nil
end
return false
end
local function get_keyword(param, allow_colon_less)
if type(param) ~= "string" then return nil end
local keywords = M.data.keywords
if param:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
return get_keyword_base(param)
end
if allow_colon_less then
local base = get_keyword_base(param)
if keywords[base] then
return base
end
end
return nil
end
local function normalize_keyword(keyword)
if keyword:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
return keyword
end
return ":" .. keyword
end
-- Resolve keyword (possibly an alias) to its canonical form. Used only at input boundaries
local function get_canonical_keyword(keyword)
if not keyword then return keyword end
return M.data.keyword_canonical[keyword] or keyword
end
local function is_affix_group_keyword(keyword)
local config = keyword and M.data.keywords[keyword]
return config and config.affix_categories or false
end
local function reject_removed_surf_keyword(param)
local base = get_keyword_base(param)
if base == "surf" then
error("The `:surf` keyword has been removed. Use `<surf>` on a formation keyword instead (e.g. `:af<surf>`, `:bor<surf>`).")
end
end
local function copy_keyword_info(source)
local copy = {}
for k, v in pairs(source) do
copy[k] = v
end
return copy
end
local function lowercase_glossary_display(text)
return text:gsub("(%[%[Appendix:Glossary#[^|]+|)([^%]])([^%]]*)%]%]", function(prefix, first, rest)
return prefix .. mw.ustring.lower(first) .. rest .. "]]"
end)
end
local function surf_should_keep_formation_phrase(base)
if not base.phrase then
return false
end
if base.glossary then
return true
end
return not (base.phrase == "from" and (base.text == "From" or base.text == "from"))
end
-- Runtime overrides when <surf> is present on a keyword.
local function get_effective_keyword_info(keyword, modifiers)
local base = M.data.keywords[keyword]
if not base or not modifiers or not modifiers.surf then
return base
end
local effective = copy_keyword_info(base)
local surf_text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#字面分析|字面分析]]為"
local surf_phrase = "[[Appendix:Glossary#字面分析|字面分析]]為"
effective.new_sentence = true
effective.invisible = "tree"
if surf_should_keep_formation_phrase(base) then
effective.phrase = surf_phrase .. base.phrase
if base.text then
effective.text = surf_text .. lowercase_glossary_display(base.text)
else
effective.text = surf_text .. base.phrase
end
else
effective.text = surf_text
effective.phrase = surf_phrase
end
return effective
end
-- Build text/phrase for nominalization with <g:code> (uses data module for codes only).
local function get_nominalization_label_for_g(code)
if not code or code == "" then return nil end
local codes = M.data.nominalization_g_codes
local adj = codes[code]
if not adj and #code == 2 then
local gender_adj = codes[code:sub(1, 1)]
local number_adj = codes[code:sub(2, 2)]
if gender_adj and number_adj then
adj = gender_adj .. number_adj
end
end
if not adj then return nil end
local text = adj .. "[[Appendix:Glossary#名詞化|名詞化]],來自"
local phrase = adj .. "[[Appendix:Glossary#名詞化|名詞化]],來自"
return { text = text, phrase = phrase }
end
local EtymonParser = {}
-- Keyword modifier definitions
EtymonParser.keyword_param_mods = {
unc = { type = "boolean" },
ref = {},
text = { restrict = { keywords = { "from", "derived" } } },
lit = { restrict = { affix_group = true } },
conj = {}, -- conjunction for alternatives: "and", "or", "and/or", etc.
g = { restrict = { keywords = { "nominalization" } } },
surf = { type = "boolean" },
senseid = { restrict = { keywords = { "semantic loan" } } },
}
-- Term modifier definitions
EtymonParser.etymon_param_mods = {
id = {},
t = {},
tr = {},
ts = {},
q = {},
qq = {},
l = {},
ll = {},
pos = {},
ng = {},
alt = {},
g = {},
ety = {},
lit = {},
unc = { type = "boolean" },
ref = {},
aftype = { restrict = { affix_group = true } },
postype = {},
bor = { type = "boolean", restrict = { affix_group = true } },
slbor = { type = "boolean", restrict = { affix_group = true } },
lbor = { type = "boolean", restrict = { affix_group = true } },
}
local function get_clean_param_mods(param_mods)
local clean = {}
for mod_name, mod_def in pairs(param_mods) do
clean[mod_name] = {}
for key, value in pairs(mod_def) do
if key ~= "restrict" then
clean[mod_name][key] = value
end
end
end
return clean
end
function EtymonParser.check_modifier_restrictions(modifiers, current_keyword, param_mods)
for mod_name, mod_value in pairs(modifiers) do
-- Only check restrictions if the modifier has a non-false/nil value
if mod_value then
local mod_def = param_mods[mod_name]
if mod_def and mod_def.restrict then
if mod_def.restrict.affix_group then
if not is_affix_group_keyword(current_keyword) then
local mod_display = mod_value == true and "<" .. mod_name .. ">" or "<" .. mod_name .. ":" .. tostring(mod_value) .. ">"
error("The modifier `" .. mod_display .. "` is only allowed for affix-group keywords (e.g. `:af`, `:blend`, `:univ`).")
end
elseif mod_def.restrict.keywords then
local allowed_keywords = mod_def.restrict.keywords
local is_allowed = false
for _, allowed_keyword in ipairs(allowed_keywords) do
if current_keyword == allowed_keyword then
is_allowed = true
break
end
end
if not is_allowed then
local keyword_list = {}
for _, kw in ipairs(allowed_keywords) do
table.insert(keyword_list, ":" .. kw)
end
local keyword_str = table.concat(keyword_list, #keyword_list == 2 and " or " or ", ")
if #keyword_list > 2 then
-- Replace last comma with "or"
keyword_str = keyword_str:gsub(", ([^,]+)$", " or %1")
end
local mod_display = mod_value == true and "<" .. mod_name .. ">" or "<" .. mod_name .. ":" .. tostring(mod_value) .. ">"
error("The modifier `" .. mod_display .. "` is only allowed for the keyword" .. (#keyword_list > 1 and "s " or " ") .. keyword_str .. ".")
end
end
end
end
end
end
local TERM_RULE_DISALLOW = {
suppress = { field = "suppress_term", label = "suppressed" },
unknown = { field = "unknown_term", label = "unknown" },
family = { field = "is_family", label = "family" },
}
function EtymonParser.check_etymon_limits(count, limits, label, opts)
if not limits then
return
end
opts = opts or {}
local min_etymons = limits.min_etymons
if min_etymons == nil and not opts.skip_default_min then
min_etymons = 1
end
if min_etymons and count < min_etymons then
if min_etymons > 1 then
error("Detected " .. label .. " group with fewer than " .. min_etymons .. " etymons.")
else
error("Detected " .. label .. " with no etymons.")
end
end
if limits.max_etymons and count > limits.max_etymons then
local unit = (limits.max_etymons == 1) and "etymon" or "etymons"
error("Detected " .. label .. " with more than " .. limits.max_etymons .. " " .. unit .. ".")
end
end
function EtymonParser.check_term_rules(etymon_data, entry_lang, rules, label)
label = label or "term"
if rules and rules.disallow then
local disallowed = {}
for _, typ in ipairs(rules.disallow) do
local spec = TERM_RULE_DISALLOW[typ]
if spec and etymon_data[spec.field] then
table.insert(disallowed, spec.label)
end
end
if #disallowed > 0 then
error(label .. " does not support " ..
mw.text.listToText(disallowed, "or") .. " etymons.")
end
end
if etymon_data.is_family then
if rules and rules.family == "disallowed" then
error(label .. " does not support family codes" .. (rules.family_suffix or "."))
elseif not etymon_data.suppress_term then
error("Family codes require suppressed term (use family:-).")
end
end
if rules then
if rules.require_term and (not etymon_data.term or etymon_data.term == "") then
error(label .. " requires a term for each listed form.")
end
if rules.entry_lang then
if Util.get_norm_lang(etymon_data.lang):getFullCode() ~=
Util.get_norm_lang(entry_lang):getFullCode() then
error(label .. " terms must be in the entry language (" ..
entry_lang:getFullCode() .. "), got '" .. etymon_data.lang:getFullCode() .. "'.")
end
end
if rules.ancestor_check then
M.etymology.check_ancestor(entry_lang, etymon_data.lang)
end
elseif etymon_data.is_family and not etymon_data.suppress_term then
error("Family codes require suppressed term (use family:-).")
end
end
function EtymonParser.check_keyword_term(etymon_data, entry_lang, keyword)
local config = M.data.keywords[keyword]
EtymonParser.check_term_rules(etymon_data, entry_lang, config and config.term_rules, "`:" .. keyword .. "`")
end
function EtymonParser.check_supplement_term(etymon_data, entry_lang, supplement_type)
local config = M.data.supplements[supplement_type]
EtymonParser.check_term_rules(etymon_data, entry_lang, config and config.term_rules, "|" .. supplement_type .. "=")
end
-- Parse keyword with modifiers (e.g., ":bor<unc>" or ":bor<ref:{{R:example}}>")
function EtymonParser.parse_keyword_modifiers(param)
if type(param) ~= "string" then return nil, {} end
local base_keyword = get_keyword_base(param)
if not base_keyword then return nil, {} end
local canonical_keyword = get_canonical_keyword(base_keyword)
-- Check if there are any modifiers
if not param:find("<", 1, true) then
return canonical_keyword, {}
end
-- Parse modifiers using the same mechanism as etymon parsing
local rest_with_defaults = Util.add_boolean_defaults(param, EtymonParser.keyword_param_mods)
local function generate_obj(ignored)
return {}
end
local parsed = M.parse_utilities.parse_inline_modifiers(rest_with_defaults:gsub("^:?[^<]+", ""),
{ param_mods = get_clean_param_mods(EtymonParser.keyword_param_mods), generate_obj = generate_obj })
local modifiers = {
unc = parsed.unc or false,
ref = parsed.ref,
text = parsed.text,
lit = parsed.lit,
conj = parsed.conj,
g = parsed.g,
surf = parsed.surf or false,
senseid = parsed.senseid,
}
-- Validate modifiers against restrictions
EtymonParser.check_modifier_restrictions(modifiers, canonical_keyword, EtymonParser.keyword_param_mods)
return canonical_keyword, modifiers
end
local function normalize_keyword_param(keyword_with_mods)
local trimmed = M.string_utilities.trim(keyword_with_mods)
reject_removed_surf_keyword(trimmed:match("^:") and trimmed or (":" .. trimmed))
local base = get_keyword_base(trimmed)
if not base or not M.data.keywords[base] then
error("Invalid keyword '" .. trimmed .. "' in inline etymology")
end
local canonical_base = get_canonical_keyword(base)
local without_colon = trimmed:gsub("^:", "")
local mods_part = without_colon:sub(#base + 1)
local kw_param = normalize_keyword(canonical_base .. mods_part)
EtymonParser.parse_keyword_modifiers(kw_param)
return kw_param
end
local function get_keyword_mod_names()
local names = {}
for mod_name in pairs(EtymonParser.keyword_param_mods) do
names[mod_name] = true
end
return names
end
local function parse_inline_ety_run(ety_string)
local body = ety_string or ""
if body == "" then
error("Empty inline etymology")
end
local keyword_mod_names = get_keyword_mod_names()
local pos = 1
local len = #body
local function parse_err(msg)
error(msg .. " in inline etymology: '" .. body .. "'")
end
local function peek_double()
return body:sub(pos, pos + 1) == "<<"
end
local function mod_name_from_unwrapped(unwrapped)
return unwrapped:match("^<([^:>]+)")
end
local function is_keyword_mod(unwrapped)
local name = mod_name_from_unwrapped(unwrapped)
return name and keyword_mod_names[name] or false
end
local function read_double_bracket()
if not peek_double() then
return nil
end
local start = pos
pos = pos + 2
while pos <= len - 1 do
if body:sub(pos, pos + 1) == ">>" then
local token = body:sub(start, pos + 1)
pos = pos + 2
return token, token:sub(2, -2)
end
pos = pos + 1
end
parse_err("Unmatched <<")
end
local function read_angle_cell()
if body:sub(pos, pos) ~= "<" or peek_double() then
return nil
end
local open = pos
pos = pos + 1
local depth = 1
local i = pos
while i <= len do
local ch = body:sub(i, i)
if ch == "<" then
depth = depth + 1
elseif ch == ">" then
depth = depth - 1
if depth == 0 then
local inner = body:sub(open + 1, i - 1)
pos = i + 1
return inner
end
end
i = i + 1
end
parse_err("Unmatched <")
end
local function read_bare_run()
local start = pos
while pos <= len and body:sub(pos, pos) ~= "<" do
pos = pos + 1
end
return body:sub(start, pos - 1)
end
local function absorb_double_keyword_mods(keyword_str)
while peek_double() do
local saved = pos
local _, unwrapped = read_double_bracket()
if is_keyword_mod(unwrapped) then
keyword_str = keyword_str .. unwrapped
else
pos = saved
break
end
end
return keyword_str
end
local kw_start = pos
while pos <= len and body:sub(pos, pos) ~= "<" do
pos = pos + 1
end
local keyword = body:sub(kw_start, pos - 1)
if keyword:match("^%s*$") then
parse_err("Missing keyword")
end
keyword = absorb_double_keyword_mods(keyword)
local cells = {}
while pos <= len do
if peek_double() then
local _, unwrapped = read_double_bracket()
if is_keyword_mod(unwrapped) then
parse_err("Unexpected keyword modifier " .. unwrapped .. " outside of a keyword")
end
table.insert(cells, "+" .. unwrapped)
elseif body:sub(pos, pos) == "<" then
local inner = read_angle_cell()
if inner ~= "" then
table.insert(cells, inner)
end
else
local bare = read_bare_run()
if bare ~= "" then
if bare:sub(1, 1) ~= ":" then
parse_err("Unexpected bare text '" .. bare .. "' (use :keyword for nested keywords in inline etymology)")
end
if not is_keyword(bare, true) then
parse_err("Invalid keyword '" .. bare .. "' in inline etymology")
end
table.insert(cells, absorb_double_keyword_mods(bare))
end
end
end
return {
keyword = keyword,
cells = cells,
}
end
function EtymonParser.inline_ety_to_pipe(ety_string)
local run = parse_inline_ety_run(ety_string)
if not run.keyword or run.keyword:match("^%s*$") then
return "|"
end
local pipe_parts = { normalize_keyword_param(M.string_utilities.trim(run.keyword)) }
for _, segment in ipairs(run.cells) do
if is_keyword(segment, true) then
table.insert(pipe_parts, normalize_keyword_param(segment))
else
table.insert(pipe_parts, segment)
end
end
return "|" .. table.concat(pipe_parts, "|") .. "|"
end
function EtymonParser.pipe_to_inline_ety(pipe_string)
local cells = {}
for cell in pipe_string:gmatch("([^|]+)") do
if cell ~= "" then
table.insert(cells, cell)
end
end
if #cells == 0 then
return ""
end
local inline_parts = {}
for index, cell in ipairs(cells) do
local base = get_keyword_base(cell)
if base and M.data.keywords[base] then
local without_colon = cell:gsub("^:", "")
local kw_base, mods = without_colon:match("^([^<]+)(.*)$")
local inline_kw = (kw_base or without_colon) .. (mods or ""):gsub("<([^>]+)>", "<<%1>>")
if index > 1 then
inline_kw = ":" .. inline_kw
end
table.insert(inline_parts, inline_kw)
elseif cell:sub(1, 1) == "+" then
local mod = cell:sub(2)
if mod:match("^<.->$") then
mod = mod:sub(2, -2)
end
table.insert(inline_parts, "<<" .. mod .. ">>")
else
table.insert(inline_parts, "<" .. cell .. ">")
end
end
return table.concat(inline_parts, "")
end
function EtymonParser.parse_inline_ety(ety_string, context_lang)
local run = parse_inline_ety_run(ety_string)
local keyword = M.string_utilities.trim(run.keyword)
reject_removed_surf_keyword(":" .. keyword)
if not is_keyword(keyword, true) then
error("Invalid keyword '" .. keyword .. "' in inline etymology <ety:" .. keyword .. "...>")
end
local args = { context_lang:getCode(), normalize_keyword_param(keyword) }
for _, segment in ipairs(run.cells) do
if is_keyword(segment, true) then
table.insert(args, normalize_keyword_param(segment))
else
table.insert(args, segment)
end
end
return args
end
function EtymonParser.parse_etymon(param, context_lang)
if is_keyword(param) then
return nil
end
if type(param) ~= "string" then
return nil
end
local lang, rest
local is_family = false
local before_bracket = param:match("^([^<]*)") or param
local lang_code, rest_match = before_bracket:match("^([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9._-]*):(.*)$")
if lang_code then
local potential_lang = Util.get_lang(lang_code, true)
if potential_lang then
lang = potential_lang
rest = param:sub(#lang_code + 2)
else
local potential_family = Util.get_family(lang_code)
if potential_family then
lang = potential_family
rest = param:sub(#lang_code + 2)
is_family = true
else
lang = context_lang
rest = param
end
end
else
lang = context_lang
rest = param
end
M.tracking.track_term(rest)
if rest == "" or rest == "+" then
return {
lang = lang,
term = nil,
unknown_term = true,
is_family = is_family,
}
end
if rest == "-" then
return {
lang = lang,
term = nil,
suppress_term = true,
is_family = is_family,
}
end
if not rest:find("<", 1, true) then
return {
lang = lang,
term = M.string_utilities.trim(rest),
is_family = is_family,
}
end
local term_text = rest:match("^([^<]*)") or ""
local is_unknown = (term_text == "" or term_text == "+")
local is_suppress = (term_text == "-")
local function generate_obj(ignored_term)
return { term = (is_unknown or is_suppress) and nil or M.string_utilities.trim(term_text) }
end
local rest_with_defaults = Util.add_boolean_defaults(rest, EtymonParser.etymon_param_mods)
local parsed_obj = M.parse_utilities.parse_inline_modifiers(rest_with_defaults,
{ param_mods = get_clean_param_mods(EtymonParser.etymon_param_mods), generate_obj = generate_obj })
if parsed_obj.id and parsed_obj.id:match("^!") then
parsed_obj.id = parsed_obj.id:sub(2)
parsed_obj.override = true
end
parsed_obj.lang = lang
parsed_obj.is_family = is_family
if is_unknown then
parsed_obj.unknown_term = true
elseif is_suppress then
parsed_obj.suppress_term = true
end
return parsed_obj
end
function EtymonParser.validate(lang, args, id, title, pos, starts_with_lang_code)
-- id is now optional, so only validate if provided
if id then
if mw.ustring.len(id) < 1 then -- L10N:中文單字 ID 有意義,enwikt 原值為 2
error("The `id` parameter must have at least two characters.")
end
if id == title or id == Util.get_page_data().pagename then
error("The `id` parameter must not be the same as the page title.")
end
end
local pos_aliases = { ["前綴"] = "prefix", ["後綴"] = "suffix", ["間綴"] = "interfix", ["中綴"] = "infix", ["詞根"] = "root", ["詞"] = "word", }
if pos and pos_aliases[pos] then pos = pos_aliases[pos] end -- L10N
local valid_pos = { prefix = true, suffix = true, interfix = true, infix = true, root = true, word = true }
if pos and not valid_pos[pos] then
error("Unknown value provided for `pos`. Valid values: " .. table.concat(require("Module:table").keysToList(valid_pos), ", ") .. ".")
end
local current_keyword = "from"
local current_keyword_explicit = false
local keyword_etymons = {}
local keywords = M.data.keywords
local function checkKeyword()
local config = keywords[current_keyword]
if current_keyword == "from" and not current_keyword_explicit and #keyword_etymons == 0 then
keyword_etymons = {}
return
end
EtymonParser.check_etymon_limits(#keyword_etymons, config, "`:" .. current_keyword .. "`")
keyword_etymons = {}
end
local start_index = starts_with_lang_code and 2 or 1
for i = start_index, #args do
local param = args[i]
if type(param) ~= "string" then
elseif param:sub(1, 1) == ":" and not is_keyword(param) then
reject_removed_surf_keyword(param)
error("Invalid keyword '" .. param .. "'. Did you mean a valid keyword like ':bor', ':inh', etc.?")
elseif is_keyword(param) then
checkKeyword()
current_keyword = get_canonical_keyword(get_keyword(param))
current_keyword_explicit = true
else
local etymon_data = EtymonParser.parse_etymon(param, lang)
if etymon_data then
table.insert(keyword_etymons, param)
EtymonParser.check_keyword_term(etymon_data, lang, current_keyword)
-- Check modifier restrictions
EtymonParser.check_modifier_restrictions(etymon_data, current_keyword, EtymonParser.etymon_param_mods)
-- postype must be "root" or "word"
local VALID_POSTYPES = { root = true, word = true }
if etymon_data.postype and not VALID_POSTYPES[etymon_data.postype] then
error("Invalid <postype:" .. etymon_data.postype .. ">; must be \"root\" or \"word\".")
end
if etymon_data.ety then
local inline_args = EtymonParser.parse_inline_ety(etymon_data.ety, etymon_data.lang)
EtymonParser.validate(etymon_data.lang, inline_args, nil, nil, nil, true)
end
else
table.insert(keyword_etymons, param)
end
end
end
checkKeyword()
end
local DataRetriever = {}
local function format_etymon_id_hint(id_data, idx)
local id = type(id_data) == "table" and id_data.id or id_data
local pos = type(id_data) == "table" and id_data.pos
if id and id ~= "" and id ~= "*" then
return '"' .. id .. '"'
end
if pos and pos ~= "" then
return "unnamed (|pos=" .. pos .. "|)"
end
return "etymon #" .. idx .. " (no |id= on page)"
end
local function etymon_target_page_link(page, norm_lang)
return M.links.full_link({
term = page,
lang = norm_lang,
no_generate_alternants = true,
}, "term")
end
-- Summarize {{etymon}} id slots on a linked page for preview warnings.
local function summarize_available_etymon_ids(ids)
local id_list = {}
local all_idless = true
local target_has_idless = false
local any_pos = false
for i, id_data in ipairs(ids) do
local id = type(id_data) == "table" and id_data.id or id_data
local pos = type(id_data) == "table" and id_data.pos
if id and id ~= "" and id ~= "*" then
all_idless = false
else
target_has_idless = true
end
if pos and pos ~= "" then
any_pos = true
end
table.insert(id_list, format_etymon_id_hint(id_data, i))
end
return {
id_list = id_list,
all_idless = all_idless,
target_has_idless = target_has_idless,
any_pos = any_pos,
count = #ids,
options_text = mw.text.listToText(id_list),
}
end
local function ambiguous_etymon_suggestion(page_link, summary)
if summary.all_idless then
if summary.any_pos then
return " None set `|id=` yet; add a unique `|id=` to each on " .. page_link
.. ", then `<id:identifier>` after the term here. Section order / hints: "
.. summary.options_text .. "."
end
return " None set `|id=` yet; add a unique `|id=` to each {{etymon}} in that section from top to bottom, then `<id:identifier>` after the term here (same value as `|id=`)."
end
return " Specify which one with `<id:identifier>` after the term. Options: " .. summary.options_text .. "."
end
local function warn_ambiguous_etymon_link(page, norm_lang, ids, is_toplevel)
local page_link = etymon_target_page_link(page, norm_lang)
local summary = summarize_available_etymon_ids(ids)
if is_toplevel and summary.target_has_idless then
__state.linked_page_multiple_etymons_idless = true
end
local lang_name = norm_lang:getCanonicalName()
local lead = "Etymology link to " .. page_link .. " is ambiguous (" .. summary.count
.. " {{etymon}} templates for " .. lang_name .. ")."
Util.add_warning(lead .. ambiguous_etymon_suggestion(page_link, summary), true)
end
local function is_mismatched_explicit_id(base_key, cached_args, parent_etymon)
return cached_args == M.data.STATUS.MISSING and not parent_etymon
and #(__state.available_etymon_ids[base_key] or {}) > 0
end
local function maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, cached_args, is_toplevel)
if not is_toplevel or __state.skip_partial_etymology_category then
return
end
if not __state.partial_etymology_targets[base_key] then
return
end
if etymon_data.id and type(cached_args) == "table" then
return
end
__state.linked_page_partial_etymology_sections = true
end
local function is_nonlemma_etymon_template(template_args)
return template_args and M.yesno(template_args.nl, false)
end
local function warn_mismatched_explicit_id(page, norm_lang, base_key, etymon_id)
local page_link = etymon_target_page_link(page, norm_lang)
local summary = summarize_available_etymon_ids(__state.available_etymon_ids[base_key] or {})
local lang_name = norm_lang:getCanonicalName()
local lead = "Etymology link to " .. page_link .. " uses `<id:" .. etymon_id
.. ">`, but no {{etymon}} on that page has `|id=" .. etymon_id .. "|` for " .. lang_name .. "."
Util.add_warning(lead .. " Valid IDs: " .. summary.options_text .. ".", true)
end
-- Given an etymon data, scrape its page and cache the result in the global state object.
function DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(etymon_page, etymon_title, key, etymon_lang, etymon_id, redirected_from, descendants_is_toplevel)
local content = etymon_title:getContent()
if not content then
__state.cached_etymon_args[key] = M.data.STATUS.REDLINK
return
end
-- Check if the linked page is a redirect. If it is, the template parsing
-- code below will be effectively skipped, and `scrape_page` will be called
-- again on the redirect target (see the bottom of this function)
local lang_section_for_descendants = nil
local redirect_target = etymon_title.redirect_target
if not redirect_target then
content = M.pages.get_section(content, etymon_lang:getFullName(), 2)
if not content then
__state.cached_etymon_args[key] = M.data.STATUS.MISSING
return
end
lang_section_for_descendants = content
end
local etymon_lang_code = etymon_lang:getFullCode()
local lang_page_key = etymon_lang_code .. ":" .. etymon_page
local found_templates_for_lang = {}
local found_ids = {}
local get_node_class = M.template_parser.class_else_type
-- Look for all {{etymon}} templates within the page content using the template parser
-- This way the same page is never parsed more than once
-- Build a map from senseids to their parent etymonids.
local active_etymon_args = nil
local etymology_section_count = 0
local etymology_sections_with_etymon = 0
local current_etymology_has_etymon = false
local current_etymology_has_nonlemma = false
local function finalize_current_etymology_section()
if etymology_section_count == 0 then
return
end
if current_etymology_has_etymon or current_etymology_has_nonlemma then
etymology_sections_with_etymon = etymology_sections_with_etymon + 1
end
current_etymology_has_etymon = false
current_etymology_has_nonlemma = false
end
for node in M.template_parser.parse(content):iterate_nodes() do
local node_class = get_node_class(node)
if node_class == "heading" then
-- A new L2 or etymology section acts as a barrier: an {{etymon}} usage
-- used previously cannot be the parent of any subsequent senseids.
-- Note that we don't have to check for L2s due to the usage of `M.pages.get_section` above.
if node:get_name():find("^詞源") or node:get_name():find("^词源") then
finalize_current_etymology_section()
etymology_section_count = etymology_section_count + 1
active_etymon_args = nil
end
elseif node_class == "template" then
local template_name = mw.ustring.lower(node:get_name()) -- L10N lower all template titles
if template_name == "etymon" then
local template_args = node:get_arguments()
-- Check if this etymon is for our language
if template_args[1] == etymon_lang_code then
if is_nonlemma_etymon_template(template_args) then
if etymology_section_count > 0 then
current_etymology_has_nonlemma = true
end
else
if etymology_section_count > 0 then
current_etymology_has_etymon = true
end
table.insert(found_templates_for_lang, template_args)
if template_args.id then
local etymon_key = lang_page_key .. ":" .. template_args.id
__state.cached_etymon_args[etymon_key] = template_args
__state.cached_etymon_pages[etymon_key] = tostring(etymon_page)
table.insert(found_ids, template_args.id)
active_etymon_args = template_args
else
-- Store idless etymon with default key
local etymon_key = lang_page_key .. ":*"
__state.cached_etymon_args[etymon_key] = template_args
__state.cached_etymon_pages[etymon_key] = tostring(etymon_page)
table.insert(found_ids, "*")
active_etymon_args = template_args
end
end
end
elseif active_etymon_args and template_name == "senseid" then
local template_args = node:get_arguments()
-- This should always be true for proper usages of {{senseid}}.
if template_args[1] == etymon_lang_code and template_args[2] then
local sense_id_key = lang_page_key .. ":" .. template_args[2]
__state.senseid_parent_etymon[sense_id_key] = active_etymon_args
__state.cached_etymon_pages[sense_id_key] = tostring(etymon_page)
end
end
end
end
finalize_current_etymology_section()
if lang_section_for_descendants
and etymology_section_count > 1
and etymology_sections_with_etymon > 0
and etymology_sections_with_etymon < etymology_section_count
then
__state.partial_etymology_targets[lang_page_key] = true
end
if descendants_is_toplevel and lang_section_for_descendants and #found_templates_for_lang > 0 then
M.descendants.cache_page_checks({
lang_section = lang_section_for_descendants,
etymon_lang_code = etymon_lang_code,
found_templates_for_lang = found_templates_for_lang,
entry_title = __state.entry_title,
entry_lang_code = __state.entry_lang_code,
entry_lang = __state.entry_lang_code and Util.get_lang(__state.entry_lang_code, true) or nil,
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
lang_page_key = lang_page_key,
redirected_from = redirected_from,
})
end
local id_data_list = {}
for _, args in ipairs(found_templates_for_lang) do
local id = args.id or "*"
table.insert(id_data_list, { id = id, pos = args.pos })
end
__state.available_etymon_ids[lang_page_key] = id_data_list
if #found_templates_for_lang == 1 then
__state.single_etymons[lang_page_key] = found_templates_for_lang[1]
end
if redirected_from and __state.available_etymon_ids[lang_page_key] then
__state.available_etymon_ids[redirected_from] = __state.available_etymon_ids[redirected_from] or {}
for _, id_data in ipairs(__state.available_etymon_ids[lang_page_key]) do
table.insert(__state.available_etymon_ids[redirected_from], id_data)
end
end
if __state.cached_etymon_args[key] ~= nil or __state.senseid_parent_etymon[key] ~= nil then
-- All done!
return
elseif redirect_target and not redirected_from then
-- Try scraping the redirect.
etymon_page = redirect_target.prefixedText
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(etymon_page, redirect_target, lang_page_key .. ":" .. etymon_id, etymon_lang, etymon_id, lang_page_key, descendants_is_toplevel)
__state.cached_etymon_args[key] = __state.cached_etymon_args[etymon_lang_code .. ":" .. etymon_page .. ":" .. etymon_id]
else
__state.cached_etymon_args[key] = M.data.STATUS.MISSING
end
end
local function has_linkable_term(etymon_data)
if etymon_data.is_family or etymon_data.suppress_term or etymon_data.unknown_term then
return false
end
local term = etymon_data.term
if term == nil or term == "" then
return false
end
return M.string_utilities.trim(term) ~= ""
end
local function record_term_id_tracking(etymon_data)
if not has_linkable_term(etymon_data) then
return
end
local term_page = M.links.get_link_page(etymon_data.term, etymon_data.lang)
M.tracking.record_term_id_usage(__state.id_stats, etymon_data, term_page)
end
-- Given an etymon object, scrape its page (if necessary) and return its own etymon arguments as well as the page name.
function DataRetriever.get_etymon_args(etymon_data, is_toplevel)
if not has_linkable_term(etymon_data) then
return M.data.STATUS.MISSING, nil, nil, nil
end
local page = M.links.get_link_page(etymon_data.term, etymon_data.lang)
local norm_lang = Util.get_norm_lang(etymon_data.lang)
local base_key = norm_lang:getFullCode() .. ":" .. page
if etymon_data.id then
local key = base_key .. ":" .. etymon_data.id
local cached_args = __state.cached_etymon_args[key] or __state.senseid_parent_etymon[key]
if cached_args == nil then
local title = mw.title.new(page)
if not title then error('Invalid page title "' .. page .. '" encountered.') end
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(page, title, key, norm_lang, etymon_data.id, nil, is_toplevel)
end
cached_args = __state.cached_etymon_args[key] or __state.senseid_parent_etymon[key] -- refresh
-- Get etymon_id from parent if this was resolved via senseid
local parent_etymon = __state.senseid_parent_etymon[key]
local resolved_etymon_id = parent_etymon and parent_etymon.id
local descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = is_toplevel,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = {
explicit_id = etymon_data.id,
parent_etymon = parent_etymon,
},
})
if is_toplevel and descendants_check == nil then
local title = mw.title.new(page)
if title then
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(page, title, key, norm_lang, etymon_data.id, nil, true)
descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = true,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = {
explicit_id = etymon_data.id,
parent_etymon = parent_etymon,
},
})
end
end
local mismatched_id = is_mismatched_explicit_id(base_key, cached_args, parent_etymon)
if mismatched_id and is_toplevel then
__state.has_mismatched_id = true
M.tracking.record_mismatched_id_usage(__state.id_stats, norm_lang, page, etymon_data.id)
warn_mismatched_explicit_id(page, norm_lang, base_key, etymon_data.id)
end
maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, cached_args, is_toplevel)
return cached_args, __state.cached_etymon_pages[key], resolved_etymon_id, descendants_check
else
__state.used_idless_etymon = true
if is_toplevel then
__state.toplevel_idless_etymon = true
end
if __state.available_etymon_ids[base_key] == nil then
local title = mw.title.new(page)
if not title then error('Invalid page title "' .. page .. '" encountered.') end
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(page, title, base_key .. ":*", norm_lang, "*", nil, is_toplevel)
end
local ids = __state.available_etymon_ids[base_key] or {}
local count = #ids
-- Try to filter by postype if available and we have multiple candidates
if count > 1 and etymon_data.postype then
local matching_ids = {}
for _, id_data in ipairs(ids) do
if id_data.pos == etymon_data.postype then
table.insert(matching_ids, id_data)
end
end
if #matching_ids == 1 then
local matched_id = matching_ids[1].id
local matched_key = base_key .. ":" .. matched_id
M.tracking.record_idless_resolution(__state.id_stats, norm_lang, page, "postype")
local descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = is_toplevel,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = { id = matched_id },
})
if is_toplevel and descendants_check == nil then
local title = mw.title.new(page)
if title then
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(page, title, base_key .. ":*", norm_lang, "*", nil, true)
descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = true,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = { id = matched_id },
})
end
end
local matched_args = __state.cached_etymon_args[matched_key]
maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, matched_args, is_toplevel)
return matched_args, __state.cached_etymon_pages[matched_key], nil, descendants_check
end
end
if count == 1 then
local only_id_data = ids[1]
local only_id = (type(only_id_data) == "table" and only_id_data.id) or only_id_data or "*"
M.tracking.record_idless_resolution(__state.id_stats, norm_lang, page, "single")
local descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = is_toplevel,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = { id_data = only_id_data },
})
if is_toplevel and descendants_check == nil then
local title = mw.title.new(page)
if title then
DataRetriever.cache_page_etymons(page, title, base_key .. ":*", norm_lang, "*", nil, true)
descendants_check = M.descendants.get_lookup_check({
cached_descendants_checks = __state.cached_descendants_checks,
is_toplevel = true,
base_key = base_key,
lookup = { id_data = only_id_data },
})
end
end
local single_args = __state.single_etymons[base_key]
maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, single_args, is_toplevel)
return single_args, __state.cached_etymon_pages[base_key .. ":" .. only_id], nil, descendants_check
elseif count > 1 then
M.tracking.record_idless_resolution(__state.id_stats, norm_lang, page, "ambiguous")
warn_ambiguous_etymon_link(page, norm_lang, ids, is_toplevel)
maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, M.data.STATUS.AMBIGUOUS, is_toplevel)
return M.data.STATUS.AMBIGUOUS, nil, nil, nil
else
M.tracking.record_idless_resolution(__state.id_stats, norm_lang, page, "missing")
maybe_flag_partial_etymology_reference(base_key, etymon_data, M.data.STATUS.MISSING, is_toplevel)
return M.data.STATUS.MISSING, nil, nil, nil
end
end
end
local function keyword_invisible_in_tree(keyword_info)
if not keyword_info then
return false
end
local inv = keyword_info.invisible
return inv == "all" or inv == true or inv == "tree"
end
-- True when the node has at least one top-level child container visible in the tree.
local function node_has_visible_tree_children(node)
for _, container in ipairs(node.children or {}) do
if not keyword_invisible_in_tree(container.keyword_info) then
return true
end
end
return false
end
-- Count visible term nodes in the tree.
local function get_visible_tree_depth(node, skip_child_rendering)
local max_depth = 1
if skip_child_rendering or not node then
return max_depth
end
for _, container in ipairs(node.children or {}) do
local keyword_info = container.keyword_info
if not keyword_invisible_in_tree(keyword_info) then
local skip_grandchildren = keyword_info and keyword_info.no_child_categories
for _, term in ipairs(container.terms or {}) do
if term.is_duplicate then
if term.original_has_children then
max_depth = math.max(max_depth, 2)
end
else
max_depth = math.max(max_depth, 1 + get_visible_tree_depth(term, skip_grandchildren))
end
end
end
end
return max_depth
end
local function as_param_list(val)
if val == nil then
return {}
end
if type(val) == "table" then
return val
end
if type(val) == "string" and val ~= "" then
return { val }
end
return {}
end
local TreeBuilder = {}
local function parse_etymon_references(refs_text)
if not refs_text or refs_text == "" then
return ""
end
return M.references.parse_references(refs_text)
end
local function parse_tree_references(node)
if node.ref then
node.parsed_ref = parse_etymon_references(node.ref)
end
if node.children then
for _, container in ipairs(node.children) do
if container.terms then
for _, term in ipairs(container.terms) do
parse_tree_references(term)
end
end
end
end
if node.supplements then
for _, supplement in ipairs(node.supplements) do
if supplement.terms then
for _, term in ipairs(supplement.terms) do
parse_tree_references(term)
end
end
end
end
end
-- Build a unique key for deduplication in the seen table
function TreeBuilder.build_key(lang, title, args)
local norm_lang_code = Util.get_norm_lang(lang):getFullCode()
local is_table = type(args) == "table"
local id = (is_table and args.id) or ""
if title then
return norm_lang_code .. ":" .. M.links.get_link_page(title, lang) .. ":" .. id
end
if is_table and args.status == M.data.STATUS.INLINE then
local content_parts = {}
for i = 1, #args do
content_parts[i] = tostring(args[i])
end
return norm_lang_code .. ":*:" .. id .. "\0" .. table.concat(content_parts, "\0")
end
return norm_lang_code .. ":*:" .. id
end
-- Copy parsed etymon modifiers onto a tree/supplement term node.
function TreeBuilder.apply_etymon_fields(term, etymon_data)
term.id = etymon_data.id
term.t = etymon_data.t
term.tr = etymon_data.tr
term.ts = etymon_data.ts
term.alt = etymon_data.alt
term.g = etymon_data.g
term.pos = etymon_data.pos
term.ng = etymon_data.ng
term.ref = etymon_data.ref
term.is_uncertain = etymon_data.unc
term.lit = etymon_data.lit
term.q = etymon_data.q
term.qq = etymon_data.qq
term.l = etymon_data.l
term.ll = etymon_data.ll
term.suppress_term = etymon_data.suppress_term
term.unknown_term = etymon_data.unknown_term
term.is_family = etymon_data.is_family
term.override = etymon_data.override
term.aftype = etymon_data.aftype
term.postype = etymon_data.postype
term.bor = etymon_data.bor
term.lbor = etymon_data.lbor
term.slbor = etymon_data.slbor
end
function TreeBuilder.build_supplement_term(etymon_data, entry_lang, supplement_type)
EtymonParser.check_supplement_term(etymon_data, entry_lang, supplement_type)
local term = {
lang = etymon_data.lang,
title = etymon_data.term,
children = {},
status = M.data.STATUS.OK,
}
TreeBuilder.apply_etymon_fields(term, etymon_data)
return term
end
function TreeBuilder.build_supplement_terms(entry_lang, supplement_type, param_value)
local terms = {}
for _, term_param in ipairs(as_param_list(param_value)) do
if type(term_param) == "string" and term_param ~= "" then
local etymon_data = EtymonParser.parse_etymon(term_param, entry_lang)
if etymon_data then
table.insert(terms, TreeBuilder.build_supplement_term(etymon_data, entry_lang, supplement_type))
end
end
end
return terms
end
-- Attach a |param= supplement defined in etymon_data.supplements (e.g. doublet=).
function TreeBuilder.append_term_supplement(data_tree, entry_lang, supplement_type, param_value)
local config = M.data.supplements[supplement_type]
if not config then
error("Unknown supplement '" .. tostring(supplement_type) .. "'.")
end
local terms = TreeBuilder.build_supplement_terms(entry_lang, supplement_type, param_value)
if #terms == 0 then
return
end
data_tree.supplements = data_tree.supplements or {}
table.insert(data_tree.supplements, {
type = supplement_type,
config = config,
terms = terms,
})
M.tracking.record_keyword_usage(__state.toplevel_keyword_stats, supplement_type, entry_lang, entry_lang, true)
end
function TreeBuilder.build(lang, title, args, seen, depth, stop_recursion)
seen = seen or {}
depth = depth or 0
local is_toplevel = (depth == 0)
if depth > __state.max_depth_reached then
__state.max_depth_reached = depth
end
__state.total_nodes = __state.total_nodes + 1
local lang_code = lang:getCode()
__state.language_count[lang_code] = (__state.language_count[lang_code] or 0) + 1
local current_id = (type(args) == "table" and args.id) or ""
local key = TreeBuilder.build_key(lang, title, args)
local node = { lang = lang, title = title, id = current_id, args = args, children = {}, status = M.data.STATUS.OK }
if type(args) ~= "table" or seen[key] then
node.status = args or M.data.STATUS.MISSING
-- Mark as duplicate if we've seen this node before
if seen[key] then
node.is_duplicate = true
node.duplicate_key = key
local original_node = seen[key]
if type(original_node) == "table" and original_node.children and #original_node.children > 0 then
node.original_has_children = true
end
end
return node
end
node.status = args.status or M.data.STATUS.OK
seen[key] = node
-- If stop_recursion is set, skip parsing children but check for visible children
if stop_recursion then
local keywords = M.data.keywords
local has_visible_children = false
for i = 2, #args do
local param = args[i]
if type(param) == "string" then
local keyword_base = get_keyword_base(param)
if keyword_base and keywords[keyword_base] then
local _, kw_modifiers = EtymonParser.parse_keyword_modifiers(param:sub(1, 1) == ":" and param or (":" .. param))
if not keyword_invisible_in_tree(get_effective_keyword_info(keyword_base, kw_modifiers)) then
has_visible_children = true
break
end
elseif param:sub(1, 1) ~= ":" then
-- It's a term (not a keyword), so there are visible children
has_visible_children = true
break
end
end
end
node.has_visible_children = has_visible_children
return node
end
-- Parse args into keyword containers
local current_keyword = "from"
local current_keyword_modifiers = {}
local current_container = nil
local function ensure_container()
if not current_container or current_container.keyword ~= current_keyword then
local keyword_info = get_effective_keyword_info(current_keyword, current_keyword_modifiers)
current_container = {
keyword = current_keyword,
keyword_info = keyword_info,
keyword_modifiers = current_keyword_modifiers,
terms = {},
}
table.insert(node.children, current_container)
-- Override keyword text/phrase for nominalization with <g:code>
if current_keyword_modifiers.g and current_keyword == "nominalization" then
local labels = get_nominalization_label_for_g(current_keyword_modifiers.g)
if not labels then
local codes = {}
for c in pairs(M.data.nominalization_g_codes) do table.insert(codes, c) end
table.sort(codes)
error("Invalid <g:" .. tostring(current_keyword_modifiers.g) .. ">. Supported codes for nominalization: " .. table.concat(codes, ", "))
end
current_container.keyword_info = copy_keyword_info(keyword_info)
current_container.keyword_info.text = labels.text
current_container.keyword_info.phrase = labels.phrase
end
end
return current_container
end
local parse_context_lang = Util.resolve_context_lang(lang, args)
for i = 2, #args do
local param = args[i]
if is_keyword(param) then
local keyword, modifiers = EtymonParser.parse_keyword_modifiers(param)
if not keyword then
error("Invalid keyword '" .. param .. "'.")
end
current_keyword = keyword
current_keyword_modifiers = modifiers
current_container = nil -- Force new container for new keyword
elseif type(param) == "string" and param:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
reject_removed_surf_keyword(param)
error("Invalid keyword '" .. param .. "'. Did you mean a valid keyword like ':bor', ':inh', etc.?")
elseif type(param) == "string" then
local etymon_data = EtymonParser.parse_etymon(param, parse_context_lang)
if etymon_data then
-- Track keyword usage at top level
M.tracking.record_keyword_usage(__state.toplevel_keyword_stats, current_keyword, lang, etymon_data.lang, is_toplevel)
local term_node = {}
local container
-- Handle suppress_term (-) and unknown_term (empty or +) directly
if etymon_data.suppress_term or etymon_data.unknown_term then
container = ensure_container()
if etymon_data.ety then
local inline_args = EtymonParser.parse_inline_ety(etymon_data.ety, etymon_data.lang)
inline_args.id = etymon_data.id
inline_args.status = M.data.STATUS.INLINE
term_node = TreeBuilder.build(etymon_data.lang, nil, inline_args, seen, depth + 1)
else
term_node = {
lang = etymon_data.lang,
children = {},
status = M.data.STATUS.OK,
}
end
TreeBuilder.apply_etymon_fields(term_node, etymon_data)
else
-- Regular term: fetch arguments from page
record_term_id_tracking(etymon_data)
local etymon_args, page_of, resolved_etymon_id, descendants_check =
DataRetriever.get_etymon_args(etymon_data, is_toplevel)
-- Check for <ety> inline parameter doesn't override the scraped arguments, unless the latter are missing
if etymon_data.ety then
if etymon_args == M.data.STATUS.REDLINK or etymon_args == M.data.STATUS.MISSING then
__state.current_page_has_inline_etymology = true
if is_toplevel then
__state.toplevel_has_inline_etymology = true
end
local inline_args = EtymonParser.parse_inline_ety(etymon_data.ety, etymon_data.lang)
-- Track inline ety keywords too
local inline_keyword = get_keyword(inline_args[2], true)
if inline_keyword and #inline_args >= 3 then
local inline_etymon = EtymonParser.parse_etymon(inline_args[3], etymon_data.lang)
if inline_etymon then
M.tracking.record_keyword_usage(__state.toplevel_keyword_stats, inline_keyword, etymon_data.lang, inline_etymon.lang, is_toplevel)
end
end
inline_args.id = etymon_data.id
inline_args.status = M.data.STATUS.INLINE
etymon_args = inline_args
term_node.page_of = __state.cached_etymon_pages[key] -- term node is on the same page as the parent
else
-- Scraped arguments exist, <ety> is redundant and ignored
__state.current_page_has_redundant_etymology = true
if is_toplevel then
__state.toplevel_redundant_etymology = true
end
end
end
-- Ensure container exists before checking keyword info
container = ensure_container()
-- Check if current keyword has no_child_categories - if so, stop recursion
local keyword_info = container.keyword_info
local should_stop_recursion = (stop_recursion or (keyword_info and keyword_info.no_child_categories))
term_node = TreeBuilder.build(etymon_data.lang, etymon_data.term, etymon_args, seen, depth + 1, should_stop_recursion)
term_node.target_key = Util.get_norm_lang(etymon_data.lang):getFullCode() ..
":" .. M.links.get_link_page(etymon_data.term, etymon_data.lang)
term_node.etymon_id = resolved_etymon_id -- The actual etymon id when resolved via senseid
term_node.page_of = page_of
TreeBuilder.apply_etymon_fields(term_node, etymon_data)
term_node.missing_descendants_header, term_node.missing_descendants_entry =
M.descendants.get_term_sync_flags(current_keyword, term_node.status, descendants_check)
end
table.insert(container.terms, term_node)
end
end
end
return node
end
-- Convert etymology tree to JSON-serializable table
local function tree_to_json(node)
local obj = {
term = node.title,
lang = node.lang:getCode(),
lang_name = node.lang:getCanonicalName(),
id = (node.id and node.id ~= "") and node.id or nil,
status = node.status,
is_uncertain = node.is_uncertain or nil,
is_duplicate = node.is_duplicate or nil,
gloss = node.t,
transliteration = node.tr,
transcription = node.ts,
alt = node.alt,
g = node.g,
pos = node.pos,
ng = node.ng,
children = {},
}
for _, container in ipairs(node.children or {}) do
local keyword_info = container.keyword_info
if keyword_info then
local container_obj = {
keyword = container.keyword,
keyword_label = keyword_info.text,
keyword_abbrev = keyword_info.abbrev,
is_group = keyword_info.is_group or nil,
is_invisible = keyword_info.invisible or nil,
is_uncertain = (container.keyword_modifiers and container.keyword_modifiers.unc) or nil,
terms = {},
}
for _, term in ipairs(container.terms or {}) do
table.insert(container_obj.terms, tree_to_json(term))
end
table.insert(obj.children, container_obj)
end
end
return obj
end
-- Build and return the etymology data tree for a given term.
function export.get_tree(lang, title, args, options)
options = options or {}
__state.entry_title = title
__state.entry_lang_code = lang:getCode()
__state.id_stats = M.tracking.new_id_stats()
__state.skip_partial_etymology_category = options.skip_partial_etymology_category == true
if options.validate then
EtymonParser.validate(lang, args, options.id, title, options.pos, false)
end
local lang_code = lang:getCode()
local start_index = (args[1] == lang_code) and 2 or 1
local tree_args = { [1] = lang_code, id = options.id or args.id }
for i = start_index, #args do
table.insert(tree_args, args[i])
end
__state.cached_etymon_args[lang_code .. ":" .. title .. ":" .. (tree_args.id or "")] = tree_args
local ety_data_tree = TreeBuilder.build(lang, title, tree_args)
parse_tree_references(ety_data_tree)
if options.json then
return M.JSON.toJSON(tree_to_json(ety_data_tree))
end
return ety_data_tree
end
-- Given a language code, page name and optionally the id= parameter,
-- render the tree and only the etymology tree for the relevant page.
-- Fetches and parses the corresponding {{etymon}} from the requested page,
-- and any further pages needed to render the tree.
-- Parameters can be passed either through the #invoke or as
-- template parameters *through* an #invoke.
function export.render_tree_for_etymon_on_page(frame)
local frame_args = frame.args
local parent_args = frame:getParent().args
local langcode = frame_args[1] or parent_args[1]
local pagename = frame_args[2] or parent_args[2]
local id = frame_args["id"] or parent_args["id"]
local display_title = frame_args["title"] or parent_args["title"]
local parsed_title = mw.title.new(pagename, 0)
local title
if parsed_title.namespace == 0 then
title = M.pages.safe_page_name(parsed_title)
elseif parsed_title.namespace == 118 then
title = "*" .. M.pages.safe_page_name(parsed_title)
else
error("Unsupported namespace for render_tree_for_etymon_on_page: " .. parsed_title.namespace)
end
local lang = Util.get_lang(langcode)
__state.entry_title = title
__state.entry_lang_code = lang:getCode()
__state.id_stats = M.tracking.new_id_stats()
-- Construct etymon_data for DataRetriever.get_args.
local etymon_data = {
lang = lang,
term = title,
id = id
}
local args, pagename = DataRetriever.get_etymon_args(etymon_data, true)
if args == M.data.STATUS.MISSING then
error("The etymon template was not found (language " ..
langcode ..
", title '" ..
title ..
"'" ..
(id and ", ID '" .. id .. "'" or ", no ID given") .. "). Page contents may have changed in the interim.")
end
local tree_title = display_title or title
if lang:stripDiacritics(M.links.remove_links(tree_title)) ~= lang:stripDiacritics(M.links.remove_links(title)) then
M.tracking.track_title_pagename_mismatch(lang)
end
reset_invocation_state()
local ety_data_tree = export.get_tree(lang, tree_title, args, {
validate = true,
id = id,
})
local output = {}
table.insert(output, M.template_styles("Module:etymon/styles.css"))
table.insert(output, M.tree.render({
data_tree = ety_data_tree,
format_term_func = function(term, is_toplevel)
return Util.format_term(term, is_toplevel, {
gloss = "suppress",
pos = "suppress",
lit = "suppress",
tree_ql = "suppress",
})
end,
}))
return table.concat(output)
end
function export.main(frame)
local parent_args = frame:getParent().args
local args = M.parameters.process(parent_args, M.parameters_data.etymon)
local lang = args[1]
local etymon_args = args[2]
local id = args.id
local title = args.title
local text = args.text
local tree = args.tree
local etydate = args.etydate
local doublet = args.doublet
local rfe = args.rfe
local etystub = args.etystub
local is_nonlemma = M.yesno(args.nl, false)
local page_data = Util.get_page_data()
if not title then
title = page_data.pagename
if page_data.namespace == "Reconstruction" then title = "*" .. title end
end
local entry_pagename = page_data.pagename
if page_data.namespace == "Reconstruction" then
entry_pagename = "*" .. entry_pagename
end
if lang:stripDiacritics(M.links.remove_links(title)) ~= lang:stripDiacritics(M.links.remove_links(entry_pagename)) then
M.tracking.track_title_pagename_mismatch(lang)
end
local current_L2 = M.pages.get_current_L2()
if current_L2 then
local norm_lang = Util.get_norm_lang(lang)
local norm_name = norm_lang:getCanonicalName()
if current_L2 ~= norm_name and require("Module:zh").st(current_L2) ~= norm_name then -- L10N
local lang_desc = lang:getCode() .. " (" .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. ")"
if norm_lang:getCode() ~= lang:getCode() then
lang_desc = lang_desc .. ", normalized to " .. norm_lang:getCode() .. " (" .. norm_name .. ")"
end
error("Language '" .. lang_desc .. "' does not match the L2 header (" .. current_L2 .. ").")
end
end
reset_invocation_state()
local ety_data_tree = export.get_tree(lang, title, etymon_args, {
validate = true,
pos = args.pos,
id = id,
json = args.json,
skip_partial_etymology_category = is_nonlemma,
})
if args.json then
return ety_data_tree
end
local output = {}
local text_allowlist_mode = M.text_allowed.default_mode or "off"
if text and text_allowlist_mode ~= "off" and not Util.is_text_param_allowed_for_lang(lang) then
local msg = "Etymology texts (parameter <code>text=</code>) are not allowed for " .. lang:getFullName() ..
"; see [[Template:etymon#Text allowlist|Template:etymon § Text allowlist]] for the list of languages that may use the <code>text=</code> parameter."
if text_allowlist_mode == "error" then
error(msg)
else
Util.add_warning(msg, true)
end
end
local lang_exc = Util.get_lang_exception(lang)
if lang_exc and lang_exc.disallow then
local disallow = lang_exc.disallow
local error_text = " for " .. lang:getFullName()
if disallow.ref then
error_text = error_text .. "; see " .. disallow.ref
else
error_text = error_text .. "."
end
if tree and disallow.tree then
error("Etymology trees are not allowed" .. error_text)
end
if text and disallow.text then
error("Etymology texts are not allowed" .. error_text)
end
end
if etydate then
local etydate_param_mods = {
ref = { list = true, type = "references", allow_holes = true },
refn = { list = true, allow_holes = true },
nocap = { type = "boolean" },
}
local function generate_etydate_obj(etydate_text)
local etydate_specs = {}
for spec in etydate_text:gmatch("[^,]+") do
table.insert(etydate_specs, mw.text.trim(spec))
end
return { [1] = etydate_specs }
end
local parsed_etydate = M.parse_utilities.parse_inline_modifiers(etydate, { param_mods = etydate_param_mods, generate_obj = generate_etydate_obj })
local etydate_args = {
[1] = parsed_etydate[1],
nocap = parsed_etydate.nocap or false,
}
ety_data_tree.supplements = ety_data_tree.supplements or {}
table.insert(ety_data_tree.supplements, {
type = "etydate",
etydate_text = M.etydate.format_etydate(etydate_args, { omit_refs = true }),
etydate_refs = (parsed_etydate.ref and #parsed_etydate.ref > 0) and parsed_etydate.ref or nil,
})
end
TreeBuilder.append_term_supplement(ety_data_tree, lang, "doublet", doublet)
if ety_data_tree.supplements then
parse_tree_references(ety_data_tree)
end
local has_visible_children = node_has_visible_tree_children(ety_data_tree)
-- Suppress trees for multiword entries and one-step chains
local visible_tree_depth = get_visible_tree_depth(ety_data_tree)
local is_trivial_tree = visible_tree_depth <= 2
local is_multiword = title:find("%s") ~= nil or title:find("_") ~= nil
if tree and (is_multiword or is_trivial_tree) then
tree = false
end
if tree then
table.insert(output, M.template_styles("Module:etymon/styles.css"))
table.insert(output, M.tree.render({
data_tree = ety_data_tree,
format_term_func = function(term, is_toplevel)
return Util.format_term(term, is_toplevel, {
gloss = "suppress",
pos = "suppress",
lit = "suppress",
tree_ql = "suppress",
})
end,
}))
end
local tree_disallowed = lang_exc and lang_exc.disallow and lang_exc.disallow.tree
local ety_tree_json = M.JSON.toJSON(tree_to_json(ety_data_tree))
local anchor = M.anchors.etymonid(lang, id, {
no_tree = args.notree,
title = title,
empty_tree = (not has_visible_children) or tree_disallowed,
ety_tree_json = ety_tree_json,
})
table.insert(output, anchor)
local text_stop_lang_missing = nil
if text then
local max_depth, stop_at_blue_link, stop_at_lang, stop_at_lang_or_bluelink
if text == "++" then
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, false
elseif text == "+" then
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = 1, false
elseif text == "*" then
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, true
elseif text:match("^:[^*]+%*$") then
-- Stop at a specific language OR first bluelink after it, e.g., ":ota*"
-- If the target language is a redlink, continue to the first bluelink
local lang_code = text:match("^:([^*]+)%*$")
if lang_code and lang_code ~= "" then
local lang_obj = Util.get_lang(lang_code, true)
if lang_obj then
stop_at_lang_or_bluelink = lang_code
else
Util.add_warning('Invalid language code "' .. lang_code .. '" in text parameter. Showing full chain instead.')
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, false
end
else
Util.add_warning('Empty language code in text parameter. Showing full chain instead.')
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, false
end
elseif text:sub(1, 1) == ":" then
-- Stop at a specific language, e.g., ":ar" stops at first Arabic term
local lang_code = text:sub(2)
if lang_code ~= "" then
-- Validate the language code
local lang_obj = Util.get_lang(lang_code, true)
if lang_obj then
stop_at_lang = lang_code
else
Util.add_warning('Invalid language code "' .. lang_code .. '" in text parameter. Showing full chain instead.')
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, false -- default to ++
end
else
Util.add_warning('Empty language code in text parameter. Showing full chain instead.')
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = false, false -- default to ++
end
else
local num = tonumber(text)
if num and num >= 1 then
max_depth, stop_at_blue_link = num, false
else
error('Invalid text value "' ..
text .. '". Valid values are: "++" (full chain), "+" (first step only), "*" (until first blue link), a number (max steps), ":lang" (stop at language), or ":lang*" (stop at language or first bluelink if redlink)')
end
end
local text_output, text_render_meta = M.text.render({
data_tree = ety_data_tree,
format_term_func = Util.format_term,
lang_matches_stop_code = Util.lang_matches_stop_code,
max_depth = max_depth,
stop_at_blue_link = stop_at_blue_link,
curr_page = page_data.pagename,
nodot = args.nodot,
dot = args.dot,
stop_at_lang = stop_at_lang,
stop_at_lang_or_bluelink = stop_at_lang_or_bluelink,
})
table.insert(output, text_output)
if stop_at_lang and text_render_meta and not text_render_meta.stop_lang_reached then
M.tracking.track_text_stop_lang_missing(lang, stop_at_lang)
text_stop_lang_missing = stop_at_lang
end
end
if rfe then
table.insert(output, Util.expand_request_template(frame, "rfe", rfe, lang:getCode()))
end
if etystub then
table.insert(output, Util.expand_request_template(frame, "etystub", etystub, lang:getCode()))
end
if is_nonlemma then
table.insert(output, " " .. frame:expandTemplate({
title = "nonlemma",
args = {},
}))
end
local categories = {}
if Util.is_content_page() then
M.tracking.track_tree_metrics({
max_depth_reached = __state.max_depth_reached,
total_nodes = __state.total_nodes,
language_count = __state.language_count,
lang = lang,
})
categories = M.categories.build({
data_tree = ety_data_tree,
page_lang = lang,
available_etymon_ids = __state.available_etymon_ids,
senseid_parent_etymon = __state.senseid_parent_etymon,
get_norm_lang_func = Util.get_norm_lang,
lang_exc = lang_exc,
suppress_categories = lang_exc and lang_exc.suppress_categories,
nocat = args.nocat,
tree = tree,
text = text,
exnihilo = args.exnihilo,
toplevel_has_inline_etymology = __state.toplevel_has_inline_etymology,
toplevel_redundant_etymology = __state.toplevel_redundant_etymology,
toplevel_idless_etymon = __state.toplevel_idless_etymon,
has_mismatched_id = __state.has_mismatched_id,
linked_page_multiple_etymons_idless = __state.linked_page_multiple_etymons_idless,
linked_page_partial_etymology_sections = __state.linked_page_partial_etymology_sections,
text_stop_lang_missing = text_stop_lang_missing,
})
M.tracking.track_keywords(__state.toplevel_keyword_stats, lang)
M.tracking.track_page_id(lang, id)
M.tracking.track_ids(__state.id_stats, lang)
end
if #categories > 0 then
table.insert(output, M.categories.format(categories, lang))
end
if __state.warnings then
for i, warning in ipairs(__state.warnings) do
table.insert(output, (i == 1 and "\n" or "") .. warning .. "\n")
end
end
return table.concat(output)
end
return export
4aeuw23q0gxmdet0gw8u2iwri17w3sx
Reconstruction:原始伊朗語/wardah
118
2560121
9934993
9909848
2026-09-30T16:12:15Z
TongcyBot
83009
sclb= → sclang=
9934993
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{reconstruction}}
==原始伊朗語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|ira-pro|id=花}}
同源詞包括{{cog|sa|वर्ध|tr=várdha|t=增加}}、{{cog|sa|वृध्|tr=vṛ́dh|t=生長}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ira-pro|名詞|g=m}}<ref name="Cathcart">{{R:ira:Cathcart:2015|32|PIr *u̯(a)r̥da-}}</ref><ref>{{R:sog:Gharib|wrδ¹|411|*warda}}</ref><ref name="Novak">{{R:ira:Novak:2013|180|u̯arda-, *u̯r̥da-}}</ref><ref>{{R:kho:Bailey|vala|378|*varda-}}</ref><ref>{{R:ira:AiW|column=1369}}</ref>
# [[花]],[[玫瑰]]
# [[灌木]]
====屈折====
{{ira-decl-noun-a-m|ward}}
====Alternative reconstructions====
* {{alt|ira-pro|alt=*wr̥dah}}<ref name="Cathcart" /><ref name="Novak" />
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 中伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀|t=玫瑰,灌木}}
* 東北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|xsc-pro|*wardi}}
*** {{desc|xsc-skw-pro|*wardi}}
**** {{desc|kho|tr=vala|t=rose}}
** 粟特-巴克特里亞語支:
*** {{desc|xco|tr=wrδc|g=p|t=花}}
*** {{desc|sog|-|ts=ward|t=rose}}
***: {{desc|sog|𐫇𐫡𐫔𐫎𐫏𐫏|sclang=1|sc=Mani|g=p}}
***: {{desc|sog|𐼴𐽀𐼹|tr=wrδ|sclang=1|sc=Sogd}}
* 東南伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ps|*wāray}}
*** {{desc|ps|پلواری|tr1=palwāray|پلواړی|tr2=palwāṛay|t=茶玫瑰|der=1}}
** {{desc|ira-sym-pro|*wurdīgæ}}
*** {{desc|ira-mny-pro|t=灌木}}
**** {{desc|mnj|tr=wulīɣa}}
**** {{desc|ydg|tr=wulyeɣo}}
* 西北伊朗語支:
** {{desc|ckb|گوڵ|t=花}}
** 米底-安息語支:
*** {{desc|xme-mid|*wāl}}
**** {{desc|smy|tr1=väl|tr2=välä}}
**** 塔蒂語:{{l|und|tr=vel}}
*** {{desc|xpr|𐫇𐫀𐫡|tr=wʾr|t=花|ts=wār|sc=Mani}}
* 西南伊朗語支:
** {{desctree|peo|*vr̥dah}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/i
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{{reconstruction}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ei}},一種早期的方位格單數限定詞,由詞根 {{m|ine-pro|*h₁é|*h₁é-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*h₁o-}} 組成。比較{{cog|grc|εἰ||如果}}、{{cog|got|𐌴𐌹||並且,所以,就這樣}}。遵循自奪格{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ed}}。
===連詞===
{{head|sla-pro|連詞}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|207|*i|conj. ‘and’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|i|and (PR 146)}}</ref>
# [[和]],[[與]]
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|orv|и}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|и}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⰹ}}
** {{desc|bg|и}}
** {{desc|mk|и}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|и|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|i|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sl|in}}、{{l|sl|i}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cs|i}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|i}}
** {{desc|sk|i}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|i|ë}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|ë}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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{{also|Angulus}}
==英語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|en|la|angulus||角}}。{{doublet|en|angle}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈæŋ.ɡjəl.əs/|a=GA}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|anguli}}
# {{lb|en|解剖學}} 成[[角]]的地方,如胃角
#: {{syn|en|gastric angle}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:MWO}}
* {{R:Century 1911}}
* {{R:OneLook}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aglnsuu|unguals}}
==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|anglus||晚期,不推薦使用}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|la|id=角}}
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*angulos}},{{inh+|la|ine-pro|*h₂engulos||關節?}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*h₂eng-|t=彎曲}}。<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=42-3|head=angulus}}</ref>
同源詞包括{{cog|sa|अङ्गुरि|tr=aṅgúri||手指;腳趾}}、{{cog|grc|ἀγκύλος||彎曲的}}、{{cog|goh|enchil||腳踝;關節}}、{{cog|is|ekkja}}、{{cog|cu|ѫгълъ||角}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|angulus<2>}}
# {{lb|la|math}} [[角]],[[角度]],[[夾角]]
# [[角落]]
# [[僻靜]]或[[人跡罕至]]的地方
# 海向陸地延伸的不分包;[[灣]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|angulus<2>}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col4|la
|angulāris
|angulātus
|angulōsus
|multangulus
|[[quadrangulus]], [[quadriangulus]]
|quinquangulus
|septangulus
|sexangulus
|triangulis
|triangulus}}
====派生語彙====
{{des-top}}
* {{desc|ast|ángulu}}
* {{desc|ca|angle}}
* {{desc|en|angle}}
* {{desc|fr|angle}}
* {{desc|fur|angul}}
* {{desc|gl|ángulo}}
* {{desc|eo|angulo}}
* {{desc|it|angolo}}
* {{desc|oc|angle}}
* {{desc|pt|ângulo}}
* {{desc|ro|unghi}}
* {{desc|rm|angul}}、{{desc|rm|anghel|nolang=1}}、{{desc|rm|ànghel|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|sc|àngulu}}
* {{desc|scn|àngulu}}、{{desc|scn|agnuni|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|ángulo}}
* {{desc|cy|ongl}}
{{des-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:Smith's Geography}}
{{reflist}}
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{{also|eradicò}}
==意大利語==
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|eradicare||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acdeior|aciderò|cordaie|decorai}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|la|ex-|gloss1=出,從,離|rādīx|gloss2=根|-ō|gloss3=派生自名詞的動詞後綴}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ērādīcō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+.p3inf|ērādīcō}}
# [[連根拔起]]
#: {{syn|la|ērādō|exstirpō}}
# [[根除]],[[消滅]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+.p3inf|ērādīcō}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|ērādō}}
* {{l|la|rādīx}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|fr|éradiquer|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|arrigar}};{{desc|gl|erradicar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|it|eradicare|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fro|arrachier}}
** {{desc|fr|arracher}}
* {{desc|fro-nor|esracier}}
** {{desc|nrf|érachier}}
** {{desc|pcd|éracher}}
** {{desc|en|arace|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|eradica|bor=1}}; {{l|ro|ridica}} {{qualifier|可能}}
* {{desc|es|erradicar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|eradicate|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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{{also|Capsa}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ca|la|capsa}}。{{doublet|ca|caixa}}。
===發音===
* {{ca-IPA}}
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Unjoanqualsevol-capsa.wav}}
===名詞===
{{ca-noun|f}}
# [[盒子]]
====用法說明====
* [[caixa]] 和 [[capsa]] 之間有尺寸上的區別。比鞋盒大的盒子一般叫做 [[caixa]],比鞋盒小的盒子(比如火柴盒、糖果盒、藥盒)則叫做 [[capsa]]。
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|ca|capseta|capsa de música|encapsar}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel3|ca|caixa|càpsida|càpsula}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ca:IEC2}}
{{C|ca|容器}}
==意大利語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|it|la|capsa}}。{{doublet|it|cassa}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|càpsa}}
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f|#e}}
# {{lb|it|historical|古羅馬}} 一種[[圓柱]]形的[[容器]],一般用來放[[書]]
# 存放[[存檔]][[文件]]的[[抽屜]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:it:Trec}}
* {{R:it:Olivetti}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aacps|caspa|pasca}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|la|itc-pro|*kapsos}},源自 {{m|la|capiō||抓,拿}},可能來自原始意大利語中一個帶-s的不定過去式詞根,後來合併到了完成時裡<ref>{{R:itc:EDL|pages=90-1}}</ref>。對照{{m+|la|noxa}} ← {{m|la|noceō}},以及{{m+|grc|[[σκάπτω|σκᾰ́ψᾱς]]}},{{m|grc|σκάπτω}} 的陽性主格主動直陳不定過去分詞(與拉丁語詞彙不同源)。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|capsa}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|capsa<1>}}
# [[盒子]];[[箱子]];[[儲藏]]用的[[容器]];尤指一種一般用來放[[書]][[圓柱]]形的容器
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|capsa<1>}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|盆}} {{l|la|olla}}
* {{sense|書櫃}} {{l|la|librārium}}、{{l|la|pēgma}}
* {{sense|盒子}} {{l|la|scrīnium}}
====派生詞彙====
{{hcol|3}}
* {{l|la|capsārius}}
* {{l|la|capsella}}
* {{l|la|capsicum}}
* {{l|la|capsula}}
* {{l|la|capsus}}
* {{l|la-vul|*capseus}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel-top4}}
* {{l|la|capiō}}
* {{l|la|capta}}
* {{l|la|captābilis}}
* {{l|la|captātiō}}
* {{l|la|captātor}}
* {{l|la|captātōrius}}
* {{l|la|captātrīx}}
* {{l|la|captensula}}
* {{l|la|captiō}}
* {{l|la|captiōsē}}
* {{l|la|captiōsus}}
* {{l|la|captitō}}
* {{l|la|captiuncula}}
* {{l|la|captīva}}
* {{l|la|captīvātiō}}
* {{l|la|captīvātor}}
* {{l|la|captīvitās}}
* {{l|la|captīvō}}
* {{l|la|captīvus}}
* {{l|la|captō}}
* {{l|la|captor}}
* {{l|la|captrīx}}
* {{l|la|captūra}}
* {{l|la|captus}}
{{rel-bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{hcol|3}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|cassa}} {{see desc}}
* 北意大利語支:
** {{desc|egl|cassa}}
** {{desc|lmo|cassa}}
** {{desctree|vec|casa}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desctree|fro|chasse|noalts=1}}
** {{desctree|fro-nor|casse}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|caixa}} {{see desc}}
** {{desc|pro|caissa}}
*** {{desc|oc|caissa}};{{l|oc|caisha}} {{qualifier|加斯科涅、朗格多克南部}}
**** {{desc|egl|cascia|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|lij|càscia|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|lmo|cascia|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|pms|cassia|cascia}}
**** {{desc|rgn|cascia|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|rm|chascha|bor=1}}
*** {{desctree|frm|caisse|bor=1}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|caixa|caxa}}
** {{desc|la-vul|*capseum|der=1|nolang=1}} {{see desc}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|bor=1|arc|קפסא|tr=qapsa|קופסא|tr2=qup̄sā}}
*** {{desc|he|קופסה|tr=kufsá|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ca|capsa|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cs|kapsa|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|capsa|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|capsă|bor=1}}
* {{desc|la-new|capsicum|der=1}}
** {{desc|en|capsicum|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|capsico|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|cápsico|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mul|''[[Capsicum]]''|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S|capsa|capsa1}}
* {{R:es:DCECH|caja|740|vol=1}}
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Geography}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
* {{R:Stillwell}}
{{C|la|容器}}
==羅馬尼亞語==
===詞源===
源自 {{m|ro|capsă}}。
===動詞===
{{ro-verb|conj=1|capsează|capsat}}
# 用[[訂書釘]]釘住
====變位====
{{ro-conj-a-ez|caps}}
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==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar||Arum|mul=ليف (نبات)|mullabel=Luffa}}
===其他寫法===
* {{alter|ar|لِيف}}
===詞源===
{{m|ar|لِيف}}的變體,若非植物學上的意義,更多是方言。
===名詞===
{{ar-coll-noun|لُوف|m|sing=لُوفَة}}
# [[纖維]],植物[[內部]]海綿狀[[構造]]
# 手持[[海綿]]
# {{w|丝瓜属}}
# {{w|疆南星属}},亦指{{taxlink|Arisarum vulgare|species}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-coll-noun|لُوف}}
====派生詞====
* {{desc|mul|Luffa|alt=''Luffa''|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cs|lufa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|loofah|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|лу̏фа|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sh|lȕfa|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|sk|lufa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tr|lif|bor=1}}
===來源===
* {{R:ar:Freytag|volume=4|page=136}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-5-de|page=1174}}
{{c|ar|葫蘆科植物|疆南星科植物|盥洗用品}}
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==古希臘語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|grc|γρήγορος|t1=警惕的,警覺的;清醒的|-ιος}},源自 {{m|grc|ἐγρήγορᾰ}}(完成時形式用作現在時),源自 {{m|grc|ἐγείρω}}。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA|Γρηγόρῐος|period=koi1}}
===專有名詞===
{{grc-proper noun|Γρηγορῐ́ου|m|second}} {{tlb|grc||Koine}}
# {{given name|grc|男性|eq=Gregory}},一般由基督徒使用,意思等同於 {{m|grc|ἄγρυπνος|t=清醒的}}。
====屈折====
{{grc-decl|Γρηγόρῐος|ου|form=MS}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|grc|Γρηγοριανός}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|el|Γρηγόρης|Γρηγόριος}} {{katharevousa}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|Grigor|Gërgur}}
* {{desc|ar|غِرِيغُورِيُوس}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ka|გრიგოლი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|גרגוריוס|tr=Gregoryos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|la|Gregorius}}
** {{desc|bor=1|an|Gregorio}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ast|Gregoriu}}
** {{desc|bor=1|be|Рыгор}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ca|Gregori}}
** {{desc|bor=1|zlw-ocs|Hřehoř|Hrzehorz}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|cs|Řehoř}}
** {{desc|bor=1|da|Gregers|Greger}}
** {{desc|bor=1|nl|Gregoor|Gregorius}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|en|Gregory}}
*** {{desc|der=1|en|Greg|Gregg}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fo|Grækaris}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fi|Rekorius|Krekori}}
*** {{desc|der=1|fi|Korjus}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fr|Grégoire}}
** {{desc|bor=1|fur|Grivôr}}
** {{desc|bor=1|gl|Gregorio}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|de|Gregor}}
** {{desc|bor=1|kl|Krikoriusi}}
** {{desc|bor=1|hu|Gergely}}
*** {{desc|der=1|hu|Gergő|Gerő}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|it|Gregorio}}
** {{desc|bor=1|jut|Grejs}}
** {{desc|bor=1|lv|Gregors}}
** {{desc|bor=1|lt|Gregoras|Gregalius}}
** {{desc|bor=1|nap|Grevòrio}}
** {{desc|bor=1|no|Gregers|Gregert|Greis|Gres|Gregus}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sga|Grigoir}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ga|Gréagóir}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|gd|Griogair}}
** {{desc|bor=1|gmq-osw|Gregers|Greers|Grers}}
*** {{desc|sv|Gregers|Greger}}
** {{desc|pl|Grzegorz|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|pt|Gregório}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sc|Gregoriu|Griguori}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sco|Gregor}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|en|Gregor}}
**** {{desc|der=1|en|Greer|Grier}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sk|Gregor}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sl|Grega}}
** {{desc|bor=1|es|Gregorio}}
*** {{desc|der=1|es|Goyo}}
** {{desc|bor=1|vec|Gregorio}}
** {{desc|bor=1|cy|Grigor}}
** {{desc|bor=1|yi|גרעגאָרי}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|xcl|Գրիգոր}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cu|Григории|Григоріи}}
** {{desc|bor=1|bg|Григор|Григорий}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mk|Глигор|Григор}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|Grigorie|Grigore}}
** {{desctree|bor=1|ru|Григорий}}
*** {{desc|der=1|ru|Гриша}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Григорије}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Grigorije}}、{{l|sh|Grgur}}
**:* {{desc|der=1|sh|-}}
**:*: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Grga}}
** {{desc|bor=1|uk|Григорій}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:DGE}}
==希臘語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|el|/ɣɾiˈɣo.ɾi.os/}}
* {{rhyme|el|oɾios|s=4}}
* {{hyph|el|Γρη|γό|ρι|ος}}
===專有名詞===
{{el-noun-proper|m|f=Γρηγορία}}
# {{lb|el|Katharevousa}} {{given name|el|男性|eq=Gregory}}
====用法說明====
亦用於標準現代希臘語。
* 大主教及歷史人物的名字。
* 屬格單數可作姓氏:{{m|el|Γρηγορίου}}。
複數形式用於指許多使用這個名字的人時。
====變格====
下面給出的是純正希臘語變格。
{{el-n-gen|Γρηγόριος|Γρηγορίου|Γρηγόριον|Γρηγόριε|Γρηγόριοι|Γρηγορίων|Γρηγορίους|Γρηγόριοι|note=• 對照現代 {{m|el|Γρηγόρης}}(複數 οι {{m|el|Γρηγόρηδες}})。<br>• 純正希臘語,包括與格:τῷ Γρηγορίῳ(單數)和 τοῖς Γρηγορίοις(複數)}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|el|γρηγοριανό ημερολόγιο|g=n||格里高利曆}}
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{{also|کارخانہ|کارخانه|كرخانة}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|كرخانه|tr1=kerhane||口語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|کارخانه|tr=kârxâne}},等價於 {{affix|ota|كار|tr1=kâr|t1=商業|خانه|tr2=hane|t2=房屋}}。可能與{{bor|ota|fa|قر|tr=qar||妓女;賣弄風情}}混淆。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ota|/caɾhaˈnɛ/}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=kârhane}}
# [[工廠]],[[作坊]]
#: {{syn|ota|فابریقه|tr=fabrika}}
# {{lb|ota|口語}} [[妓院]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|kerhane|t=妓院}}
* {{desc|ar|bor=1|كَرَخَانَة|t=妓院}}
* {{desc|rup|kiurhan|bor=1|t=妓女}}
* {{desc|bg|керхана́|bor=1|t=妓院}}
* {{desc|ro|cherhana|alt=cherhaná|bor=1|t=工廠}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1|t=工廠;妓院}}
*: {{desc|sh|ћерха̀на|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|ćerhàna|sclang=1}}
{{c|ota|建築|賣淫}}
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{{also|fraŭdo}}
==伊多語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|io|eo|fraŭdo}},最终源自{{der|io|la|fraus|fraus, fraudis}}。
===名詞===
{{io-noun|fraud}}
# [[欺騙]],[[欺詐]]
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|io|fraudar|frauda|fraudado|fraudetar|fraudanto|fraudero}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{m|la|fraus||欺騙,欺詐}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|fraudō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|fraudō}}
# [[欺騙]],[[欺詐]]
#: {{syn|la|dēcipiō|mentior|frūstror|dēstituō|fallō|ēlūdō|circumdūcō|circumveniō|ingannō|indūcō}}
# [[剝奪]]
#: {{syn|la|prīvō|dēstringō|tondeō|nūdō|dēturbō|adimō}}
# [[侵吞]];[[盜竊]]
#: {{syn|la|āvertō|adimō|auferō|tollō|agō|ēripiō|dīripiō|abdūcō|rapiō|āmoveō|corripiō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+.sigm|fraudō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|fraudātor}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|it|frodare}}、{{desc|it|fraudare|nolang=1|lbor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA}}
* {{hyph|pt|frau|do}}
* {{rhymes|pt|awdu|s=2}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|fraudar}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|la|frīgus|t1=冷|pos1=n|eō}},源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*sriges-}}、{{m|ine-pro|*sriHges-}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|frīgeō|eccl=yes}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|2.nopass|frīgeō|frīx/frīgu}}
# [[冷]],[[冰涼]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} 不[[活躍]];[[無精打采]];[[停滯]]不前;[[垂頭喪氣]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} 受[[冷遇]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|2.nopass|frīgeō|frīx/frīgu}}
====派生詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|frīgēdō}}
* {{l|la|frīgefactō}}
* {{l|la|frīgēscō}}
* {{l|la|frīgidus}}
* {{l|la|frīgor}}
* {{l|VL.|*frīgulō}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|VL.|*frīctiare|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|frissar}}、{{desc|ca|frisar|nolang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|溫度}}
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{{also|IFF}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==英語==
===詞源1===
====發音====
* {{IPA|en|/ɪf ən(d) ˈəʊn.li ɪf/|a=UK}}
* {{IPA|en|/ɪf ən(d) ˈoʊn.li ɪf/|a=US}}
====連詞====
{{head|en|連詞}}
# {{lb|en|數學|邏輯學}} {{short for|en|if and only if|t=當且僅當}}
#: {{ux|en|A rectangle is a square '''iff''' all four of its sides have the same length.|'''当且仅当'''矩形的四条边长度相等,则矩形是正方形。}}
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|en|if}}
===詞源2===
====連詞====
{{head|en|連詞}}
# {{obsolete spelling of|en|if}}。
#* 1565, {{w|lang=en|Thomas Stapleton (theologian)|Thomas Stapleton}}, ''A Fortreſſe of the Faith &c.'', Ihon Laet, the 2. part. 112:
#*: For '''iff''' the patient be aſhamed to diſcloſe hiſ wounde to the phyſician which knoweth it not , phyſicke can not helpe him.
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ffi|FFI|FIF|Fif.}}
==里菲安語==
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===詞源1===
{{rfe|rif}}
====動詞====
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[超過]],[[超越]],比……更[[好]],比……更有[[價值]]
=====變位=====
{{rfinfl|rif|動詞}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|tifet}}
[[File:Camelus dromedarius Euter Zoo Landau Juni 2011.JPG|thumb|駱駝的乳房]]
===詞源2===
同源詞包括{{cog|mzb|iff|t=乳房}}。
====名詞====
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iffan}}
# [[乳頭]]
# [[乳房]]
#: {{syn|rif|abbuc|tinɣi}}
#: {{uxi|rif|'''iffan''' n tfunast|牛的'''乳房'''}}
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درزی
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ota|fa|درزی|tr=darzi}}。
====名詞====
{{ota-noun|tr=derzi}}
# {{alternative form of|ota|ترزی|tr=terzi}}
===詞源2===
{{bor+|ota|ar|دَرْزِيّ}},源自與前一個意思相同的波斯語詞。
====名詞====
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=Dürzi}}
# [[Druze]]
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|tr|Dürzi}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=569}}
==波斯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal|sc=Phlv||tr=dlcyk'|ts=darzīg|t=裁縫師}}。最終{{inh+|fa|ira-pro|*darz-|t=連接,固定;裝載;縫合}}。同源詞包括{{cog|tly|دشتن|tr=dešten|t=縫製}}(現在時詞根:{{m|tly|درز|tr=derz}},{{w|lang=en|Shaft County|沙夫特縣}})。
也來自伊朗語,同源詞包括{{cog|xcl|դերձակ}}、後古典時期的 {{m|xcl|դերձիկ}}、{{m|xcl|դերզիկ}}、{{cog|syc|ܕܪܙܝܩܐ|tr=darzīqā}}。
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|darzī}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|درزی|درزی|дарзӣ}}
{{fa-noun|tr=darzi|pl=درزیها}}
# [[裁縫]],[[裁縫師]]
#: {{syn|fa|درزیگر<tr:darzigar>}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fa|درزیگر|tr=darzigar}}
* {{l|fa|درزیگری|tr=darzigari}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|ar|دَرْزِّی|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|դարզի|bor=1}}
* {{desc|az|dərzi|bor=1}} / {{l|az|درزی|sc=fa-Arab}}
* {{desc|bn|দর্জি|bor=1}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|दर्ज़ी}}
*: {{desc|ur|درزی|tr=darzī}}
* {{desc|ps|درزي|tr=darzi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਦਰਜ਼ੀ|alts=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|درزی|tr=darzī}}
* {{desctree|ota|ترزی|tr=terzi|bor=1}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:fa:Steingass|درزی+darzī}}
* {{R:Amid}}
* {{R:xcl:HAB|դերձակ|vol=I|pages=656–657}}
* {{R:ira:Cheung|pages=62ff}}
{{C|fa|職業}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
{{root|ur|ira-pro|*darz-}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|درزی|tr=darzī}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|darzī}}
* {{rhymes|ur|iː|s=2}}
* {{hyph|ur|دَر|زی}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=دَرْزی}}
# [[裁縫]],[[裁縫師]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-ī-f|درز|darz}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:Pakistani Dictionary}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
{{C|ur|職業}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*swep-||睡覺}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|sōpiō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|4++|sōpiō}}
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[剝奪]]……的[[感覺]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} 使[[入睡]]
#: {{syn|la|sēdō}}
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[擊倒]],使[[失去]][[知覺]]
# {{lb|la|比喻|及物}} [[殺死]]
#: {{syn|la|necō|obtruncō|caedō|interficiō|trucīdō|tollō|peragō|percutiō|interimō|perimō|iugulō|cōnficiō|occīdō|ēnecō|dēiciō|absūmō|cōnsūmō}}
# {{lb|la|比喻|及物}} 使[[平靜]],使[[安靜]],使[[鎮定]],[[撫慰]]
#: {{syn|la|domō|lēniō|sēdō|dēlēniō|mītigō|plācō|mānsuēscō|mānsuētō|restinguō|commītigō|compōnō|levō|ēlevō|allevō|alleviō|sileō|molliō}}
#: {{ant|la|sollicitō|excitō|īnstīgō|īnstinguō|efferō|exciō|perpellō|concieō|concitō|īnflammō|cieō|incendō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|4++|sōpiō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|consōpiō}}
* {{l|la|resōpiō}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|somnus}}
* {{l|la|sopor}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|it|sopire|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|la-vul|*assōpīre|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|ensopir}}
** {{desc|fr|assouvir}}、{{desctree|fr|assoupir|nolang=1}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|sōpiō<3>|g=m}}
# 畫有[[突出]][[陰莖]][[男性]]的[[圖畫]]
#* {{w|卡圖盧斯}} ''37''
#*: {{quote|la|Frontem tabernae '''sopionibus''' scribam|我会在酒馆前面画一些阴茎的图画。}}
#* 龐貝古城的匿名塗鴉
#*: {{quote|la|Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras '''sopionis'''|画了阴茎图案的人,吃屎吧!}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|sōpiō<3>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
* {{R:la:Olivetti|lemma=SOPIO200}}
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==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|abarcar}}
==里菲安語==
===形容詞===
{{rif-head|形容詞|pl=ibarcanen|f=tabarcant}}
# {{alternative form of|rif|aberkan}}:[[黑色]]的
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{{also|तुरग}}
==印地語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|hi|pra-sau|𑀢𑀭𑀁𑀕}},{{inh+|hi|sa|तरंग|t=波}},可能也受到梵語形式的影響。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
* {{hyph|hi|त|रंग}}
* {{rhymes|hi|ə̃ŋɡ|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|f|ur=ترنگ}}
# [[波]],[[漣漪]]
# {{lb|hi|科學}} [[波]]
# {{lb|hi|比喻}} [[任性]],[[衝動]]
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<F>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:hi:McGregor}}
* {{R:CDIAL|taraṅga}}
==馬拉地語==
{{wikipedia|lang=mr}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|mr|pra|𑀢𑀭𑀁𑀕}},{{inh+|mr|sa|तरंग|t=波}}},可能也受到梵語形式的影響。和 {{m|mr|तरंगणे|tr=taraṅgaṇe|t=漂浮}} 相關。
===發音===
* {{mr-IPA}}
* {{hyph|mr|त|रङ्|ग||त|रंग}}
* {{rhymes|mr|ə|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# {{lb|mr|科學}} [[波]]
#: {{syn|mr|लाट}}
====變格====
{{mr-noun-c-m}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:mr:Berntsen}}
{{C|mr|物理學}}
==古古吉拉特語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|inc-ogu|sa|तरङ्ग}}。
===副詞===
{{head|inc-ogu|副詞}}
# [[前後]][[移動]];[[飛馳]]
==梵語==
{{was fwotd|sa|2024|9月|14日}}
===其他文字===
{{sa-alt}}
===詞源===
可能源自 {{m|sa|तॄ|t=通過;經過}}。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m}}
# [[波浪]],[[波濤]]
# [[碎浪]],[[浪花]]
# 文學作品中其名稱包含「[[海]]」、「[[河]]」等詞的部分
# [[跳躍]],[[疾馳]],[[揮舞]],來回[[移動]]
# [[布]],[[衣服]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-a-m|तरं|ग|taraṃ|g}}
===詞根===
{{sa-root}}
# {{lb|sa|名詞性動詞}} 像波濤一樣移動;不安地來回移動
====派生詞彙====
{{der2|sa|तरंगति|तरंग्यमाण}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hi|तरंग|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ml|തരംഗം|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mr|alt=taraṅga|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|तरंग|tr=-|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|𑘝𑘨𑘽𑘐|tr=-|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ta|தரங்கம்|bor=1}}
* {{desc|te|తరంగము|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:MW|438/3}}
* {{R:sa:EWAia|vol=3|page=236}}
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{{also|قايم}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|ق و م}}
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|قَائِم}}
===形容詞===
{{ar-adj|قَائِم|pl=قَائِمُون|pl2=قُوَّام|pl3=قِيَام|pl4=قُيَّام|cpl=قُوَّم|cpl2=قُيَّم|fpl=قَائِمَات|fpl2=قَوَائِم}}
# {{active participle of|ar|قَامَ}}
# [[豎直]]的
#* {{RQ:Qur’an|25|64|passage=وَٱلَّذِينَ يَبِيتُونَ لِرَبِّهِمْ سُجَّدًا وَ'''قِيَامًا'''|translation=他們為他們的主而通宵叩頭和'''肅立'''。}}
# {{lb|ar|幾何學}} [[垂直]]的
====變格====
{{ar-decl-adj|قَائِم|pl=قَائِمُون|pl2=قُوَّام|pl3=قِيَام|pl4=قُيَّام|cpl=قُوَّم|cpl2=قُيَّم|fpl=قَائِمَات|fpl2=قَوَائِم}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|acw|قايم|tr=gāyim}}
* {{desc|az|qaim|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ყაიმი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ha|ƙa'imi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|قائم|bor=1}}
** {{desc|bn|কায়েম|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gu|કાયમ|bor=1}}
** {{→}} 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|क़ायम|bor=1}}
**: {{desc|ur|قائِم|قایم|bor=1}}
** {{desc|mr|कायम|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|ਕਾਇਮ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|pa|قایم|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|ota|قائم|tr=ḳaʾim|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|kaim|kayım}}
* {{desc|sw|kaimu|bor=1}}
==旁遮普語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|pa|کیم|}}
===詞源===
{{root|pa|ar|ق و م}}
{{bor+|pa|fa-cls|قَائِم}},源自{{der|pa|ar|قَائِم}}。
===形容詞===
{{pa-adj|gur=ਕਾਇਮ}}
# 已[[建立]]的,[[現有]]的
# [[堅固]]的,[[牢固]]的
==烏爾都語==
===詞源===
{{root|ur|ar|ق و م}}
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|قَائِم}},源自{{der|ur|ar|قَائِم}}。
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|qāyim}}
===形容詞===
{{ur-adj|head=قائِم|ind=1}}
# [[堅固]]的,[[牢固]]的
# 已[[建立]]的,已[[確立]]的
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:Qureshi|قائم|page=460}}
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==阿拉伯語==
{{ar-rootbox|ع م ر}}
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|مِعْمَار}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|مِعْمَار|m}}
# [[建築學]] {{C|ar|建築學}}
# [[建築師]] {{C|ar|職業}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|مِعْمَار}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ar|مِعْمَارِيّ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|memar|bor=1}}
* {{desctree|ota|معمار|tr=mi'mâr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|معمار|tr=me'mâr|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|معمار|tr=me'mār|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|مىمار|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|meʼmor|bor=1}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|مِعْمَار}}。{{root|ota|ar|ع م ر}}
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=mi'mâr}}
# [[建築師]] {{c|ota|職業|建築學}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ota|معمارلق|tr=mi'mârlık}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|ota|معماری|tr=mi'mârî}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|mimar}}
* {{desc|hy|մէմար|մէյմար|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|мима́р|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|maimar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|мѝма̄р}}
** {{desc|sh|sclang=1|mìmār}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|fa|ar|مِعْمَار}}。{{root|fa|ar|ع م ر}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|mi'`mār}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|معمار|معمار|меъмор}}
{{fa-noun|tr=me'mâr}}
# [[建築師]] {{C|fa|職業|建築學}}
#: {{syn|fa|مهراز<tr:mehrâz>}}
# [[建築工人]]
# [[泥瓦匠]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fa|معماری|tr=me'mâri}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ur|ar|مِعْمَار}}。{{root|ur|ar|ع م ر}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|me'mār}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|m|head=مِعْمار|tr=me'mār}}
# [[建築師]] {{c|ur|職業|建築學}}
ca2806zoxcdcjy59sbd4f147zyd6gci
ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ
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==蒙古語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|mn|cmg|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ}},{{inh+|mn|xng|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ}}、{{inh|mn|xgn-pro|*baxatur}},源自{{der|mn|trk-pro|*bagatur}}。
===發音===
{{IPA|mn|/ˈpaːtʰar̥/}}
===名詞===
{{mn-noun|баатар|pl=ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ|dec=r}}
# [[英雄]]
====變格====
{{mn-decl-noun|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠤ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠢ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ|ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ [[ᠤᠷᠤᠭ᠋ᠤ]]}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|mnc|ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ}}
** {{desc|bor=1|zh|巴圖魯}}
* {{desc|bor=1|okm|바톨〮}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|باتور|tr=bā́tor}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|بهادر|tr=bahâdor}}
** {{desc|bor=1|az|bahadır}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ba|баһадир}}
** {{desc|bor=1|bn|বাহাদুর}}
** {{desc|bor=1|gu|બહાદુર}}
** {{desc|bor=1|inc-hnd|-}}
**: {{desc|hi|बहादुर}}
**: {{desctree|ur|بَہَادُرْ|tr=bahādur}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ms|bahadur}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|id|bahadur}}
** {{desc|bor=1|mr|बहाद्दर}}
** {{desc|bor=1|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਬਹਾਦਰ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|بَہَادَرْ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bo|བ་དུར}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*wed-}}
{{etymon|sla-pro|id=水|:inh|ine-bsl-pro:*wandō<id:水>}}
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*wandō}},{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*wédōr}},r/n-詞幹異附著 {{m|ine-pro|*wódr̥}} 的集合形。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*vodà}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|523|*vodà|f. ā (c) ‘water’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|voda vody|''c'' vand (SA 84, 94, 139, 172; PR 138; MP 19f.)}}</ref><ref>{{R:sl:SES|head=vóda|passage=*voda̋}}</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|水}} [[水]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|vodà|ap=c}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*vydra|gloss=獺}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*vodъka||伏特加}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*vodьnъ||含水的}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*vodenъ||有水的地方}}
** {{l|sla-pro|*vodenica||水磨}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*vodica}} {{qualifier|指小}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*vodьnikъ||水靈、洗臉盆}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|orv|вода}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|вода}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|вода|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰲⱁⰴⰰ|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|bg|вода́}}
*** {{desc|mk|во́да}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|во̀да|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|vòda|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|vóda}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|zlw-ocs|voda}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|woda}}
** {{desctree|zlw-osk|voda}}
** {{desc|pox|vådă}}
** Pomeranian:
*** {{desc|csb|wòda}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|wôda}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|wóda}}
*** {{desc|hsb|woda}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|вода}}
* {{R:bg:BER|вода|168|1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
p097jzvzvul4c9936qm97e3e93qr8ak
aedifico
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|aedifaciō}}
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-}}
源自 {{affix|la|aedēs|t1=建築物|-ficō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|aedificō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+.poet-sync-perf|aedificō}}
# [[建造]],[[建立]],[[設立]]
#: {{syn|la|exaedificō|inaedificō|struō|cōnstruō|condō|compōnō|fundō|cōnstituō|statuō|exstruō|mōlior}}
# {{lb|la|中世紀拉丁語|教會拉丁語|比喻}} 「建立」生活,以[[道德]]上[[良好]]或[[審慎]]的方式[[生活]]
#* {{Q|la|Jerome|Vulgate|Proverbs|14|1|quote=Sapiēns mulier '''aedificāvit''' domum suam: īnsipiēns īnstrūctam quoque dēstruet manibus.|trans=有智慧的婦人'''建造'''自己的房子,愚昧的婦人卻親手拆毀已經蓋好的屋子。}}
# [[創造]],[[構建]]
#: {{syn|la|creō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+.poet-sync-perf|aedificō}}
====派生詞彙====
{{der3|la|aedificātiō
|aedificātor
|aedificātōrius
|aedificium
|circumaedificō
|coaedificō
|exaedificō
|inaedificō
|superaedificō
}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel3|la|aedēs
|aedicula
|aedificālis
|aedificātiuncula
|aedīlātus
|aedīlīcius
|aedīlis
|aedīlitās
|aeditua
|aedituālis
|aedituus
}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 繼承詞:
** {{desc|fro}}
**: 查法蒂語:{{desc|fro|eigier|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|pt|eiviguar}}
* 半接觸借詞:
** {{desc|roa-ona|eificare}}
** {{desc|roa-ole|edivigare}}
* 古典借詞:
** {{desc|ca|edificar|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fro|edefier|edifier|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|frm|edifier}}
**** {{desc|fr|édifier}}
*** {{desc|enm|edifien|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|en|edify}}
*** {{desc|pro|edifiar|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|oc|edifiar}}
** {{desc|it|edificare|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pro|edificar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|oc|edificar}}
** {{desc|roa-opt|edificar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pt|edificar}}
** {{desc|osp|edificar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|es|edificar}}
** {{desc|ro|edifica|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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كنعان
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{{also|کنعان|ڪنعان}}
==阿拉伯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ar}}
===詞源===
對照{{cog|he|כנען|tr=k'ná'an}}、{{cog|phn|𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|كَنْعَان}}
===專有名詞===
{{ar-proper noun|كَنْعَان|f}}
# [[迦南]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ar|كَنْعَانِيّ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|az|Kənan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bn|কেনান|bor=1}}
* {{desc|chg|کنعان|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ug|كەنئان}}
** {{desc|uz|Kanʼon}}
* {{desc|ota|كنعان|tr=Kenʿân|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|Kenan}}
* {{desc|fa|کنعان|tr=kan'ân|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਕਨਾਨ}}
** {{desc|pa|sclang=1|کَنْعان}}
* {{desc|sd|ڪنعان|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tt|Кәнган|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tk|Kengan|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|کَنْعان|tr=kanʻān|bor=1}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|ar|كَنْعَان}}。
===專有名詞===
{{ota-proper noun|head=کَنْعان|tr=Kenʿân}}
# [[迦南]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|Kenan}}
t3pzrk2kl2e014eduxkvyxkg176c6r0
compromissum
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{m|la|compromissus}}({{m|la|compromitto}} 的過去分詞)的中性形式。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|comprōmissum}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|comprōmissum<2>}}
# [[相互]][[承诺]][[遵守]]仲裁员的[[裁决]];[[妥协]],[[和解]],[[折中]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|comprōmissum<2>}}
====派生語彙====
{{desc-top}}
* {{desc|ca|compromís}}
* {{desc|crh|kompromiss}}
* {{desc|cs|kompromis}}
* {{desc|da|kompromis}}
* {{desc|nl|compromis}}
* {{desc|en|compromise}}
* {{desc|fr|compromis}}
* {{desc|gl|compromiso}}
* {{desc|de|Kompromiss}}
* {{desc|it|compromesso}}
* 挪威語:
*: 書面挪威語:{{l|nb|kompromiss}}
*: 新挪威語:{{l|nn|kompromiss}}
* {{desc|pl|kompromis}}
* {{desc|pt|compromisso}}
* {{desc|ro|compromis}}
* {{desc|ru|компроми́сс}}
* {{desc|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|компромис|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|kompromis|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|es|compromiso}}
* {{desc|sv|kompromiss}}
{{desc-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:Peck}}
* {{R:Smith's Antiquities}}
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rebellis
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{{also|rebel·lis}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{m|la|rebellō||再次发动战争}} + {{m|la|-is}}(尽管这个后缀通常加在名词而非动词后构成形容词),源自 {{m|la|re-||再次}} + {{m|la|bellō||发动战争}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|rebellis}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|rebellis}}
# 再度引发[[战争]]的
# [[叛乱]]的,[[反叛]]的
====變格====
{{la-adecl|rebellis}}
====相關詞彙====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|rebellātiō}}
* {{l|la|rebellātrīx}}
* {{l|la|rebelliō}}
* {{l|la|rebellium}}
* {{l|la|rebellō}}
{{bottom}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|revell}}、{{desc|ca|rebel|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desctree|fro|rebelle}}
* {{desc|it|ribelle}}
* {{desc|nrf|r'bêle}}
* {{desc|pt|revel|rebel|rebelde}}
* {{desc|es|rebelde}}
* {{desc|owl|ryuel|bor=1}}
** {{desc|cy|rhyfel}}
{{bottom}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|rebellis<3>|g=m|f=rebellātrīx}}
# [[反叛]]者、[[反抗]]者
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|rebellis<3>}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|男人}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{root|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁lewdʰ-}}
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*ljaudejes}},{{m|ine-bsl-pro|*ljaudis}} 的主格複數,{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁léwdʰis}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*ľȗdьje|m-p}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|282|*ļȗdьje|Npl. m. (c) ‘people’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|ljudьje|''c'' folk (PR 138)}}</ref>
# [[人們]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|ľudь|g=m|n=p|ap=c}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*ľȗdъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*ľudinъ}}、{{l|sla-pro|*ľudìna}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|людиѥ|люди}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|лю́ди|лу́ди|лю́дїе|лу́дїе}}
**** {{desc|zle-obe|лю́дзи}}
***** {{desc|be|лю́дзі}}
**** {{desc|uk|лю́ди}}; {{desc|uk|лю́де|nolang=1|qq=dialectal}}
*** {{desc|ru|лю́ди}}
*** {{desc|lud|bor=1|lüüdi}}
**** {{desc|fi|lyydi|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|en|Ludic|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|olo|bor=1|livvi}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|людиѥ}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⰾⱓⰴⰻⰵ}}
** {{desc|bg|лю́де|лю́ди}}
** {{desc|mk|луѓе}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|љу̑ди|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|ljȗdi|sclang=1}}
*** 查方言{{a|sla-pro|弗加達島、Orbanići}}:{{l|sh|ļȗdi}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|ljudjẹ̑}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|zlw-ocs|ľudie}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|ludzie}}
** {{desc|zlw-osk|ludzie}}
*** {{desc|rsk|людзе}}
*** {{desc|sk|ľudia}}
** {{desc|pox|ľaudai|ľaudi}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|lëdze}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|lëdze}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|ludźo}}
*** {{desc|dsb|luźe}}
====延伸閱讀====
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|люд}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*ľudъ/*ľudь/*ľuda/*ľudo/*ľudьje|194|15}}
* {{R:ru:Shansky|люди}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
e0nyzgmaln4wwksdx7djkkp7x5dynqj
expando
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==英語==
===詞源===
可能是 {{m|en||expandable object}} 的短形式。
===發音===
* {{audio|en|en-uk-expando.ogg|a=UK}}
* {{rhymes|en|ændəʊ|s=3}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# {{lb|en|程式設計}} [[運行]]時新增至[[物件]]/[[對象]]的[[屬性]]
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2009|author=Ted Pattison; Daniel Larson|title=Inside Microsoft Windows Sharepoint Services 3.0
|passage=Because JavaScript objects are not constrained to predefined interfaces as they are with .NET objects, you can set '''expando''' properties on any object.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2010|author=Alexei White|title=JavaScript Programmer's Reference
|passage=I talk more about '''expandos''' in Chapter 10. This means that you can arbitrarily add new properties to an object whenever you want.}}
====參見====
* {{l|en|duck typing}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|la|ex-|gloss1=往外|pandō|gloss2=伸展}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|expandō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|3|expandō|expand|expāns/expass}}
# [[傳播]]出去
# [[擴大]],[[擴張]]
# [[解釋]],[[說明]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|expandō|expand|expāns/expass}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ast|espander}}
* {{desc|ca|esbandir}}; {{desc|ca|expandir|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|co|spande}}
* {{desc|fur|spand}}
* {{desc|gl|expandir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|spandere}}; {{desc|it|espandere|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|lij|espànde}}
* {{desc|roa-ona|espandir}}
* {{desc|oc|espandir}}
* {{desc|fro|espandre|bor=1}}
** {{desc|xno|espaundre}}
*** {{desc|enm|spawnen|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|en|spawn}}
*** {{desc|enm|expand|bor=1}} {{i|受拉丁語影響}}
**** {{desc|en|expand}}
** {{desc|roa-brg|épandre}}
** {{desc|frm|espandre|espaundre}}
*** {{desc|fr|épandre}}
* {{desc|fro|espancier}} {{i|源自詞根 *expandicāre}}
** {{desc|roa-brg|répainché}}
** {{desc|fr|épancher}}
* {{desc|osp|espandir}}
* {{desc|pms|espande}}
* {{desc|pt|expandir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|expanda|bor=1}}
* {{desc|scn|spànniri}}
* {{desc|es|expandir|bor=1}}
* {{desc|vec|spànder|spàndar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
* {{rhymes|pt|ɐ̃du|s=3}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|expandir}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|expandir}}
tph98b64mkcc7m80no88mrumhjc9m5a
بطيخ
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==阿拉伯語==
{{was fwotd|ar|2024|11月|9日}}
[[File:Watermelons.jpg|thumb|right|{{lang|ar|بَطِّيخ}}]]
===詞源===
可能借自{{bor|ar|arc|-}},見於{{cog|jpa|בטיח|tr=*baṭṭīḥ}}和{{cog|syc|ܦܲܛܝܼܚܵܐ|tr=paṭṭīḥā}},以及破碎複數形式{{cog|he|אֲבַטִּיחַ|tr=ʾăḇaṭṭī́aḥ}}。雖然有理論認為這個詞是通過{{cog|sem|-}}從撒哈拉以南非洲的{{der|ar|egy|bddw-kꜣ|t=西瓜}}借入的,但也有解釋認為這是一個伊朗語借詞,相當於{{cog|fa|بیدخت|tr=bêdoxt}},即已知的{{cog|akk|𒂗|tr=bēlu|t=主人;貝爾,巴爾}}加上{{m+|fa|دخت|tr=doxt|t=女兒}},字面意思是「巴爾的女兒」,這是對巴比倫神話中神祇{{w|柏爾 (神話)|柏爾}}女性形式的重新詮釋,在{{cog|syc|-}}中表現為{{m|syc|ܒܝܠܬܝ|tr=bēltī}}、{{m|syc|ܒܠܬܝ|tr=beltī}},等同於{{doublet|ar|بَعْلَة|notext=1|t1=女主人}}。就像一般食物詞可以用來指代身體部位(尤其是與性有關的部位),在東方語言中,水果的名稱特別常用來指代「外陰」,如眾所周知的{{cog|ajp|تِينة|tr=tīne|t=無花果}}、{{cog|hy|թուզ|t=無花果}},以及在《雅歌》7:12和8:2中的{{cog|he|רימון|רִמּוֹן|tr=rimmṓn|t=石榴}},在這裡瓜的含義則是從{{w|維納斯小像|生育女神的造像}}中衍生而來。這一點得到了詞典編纂者的佐證,他們提到了一個[[希木葉爾語]]詞{{m|ar|بَيْدَخَة|t=豐滿的,圓胖的|pos=用於形容女性}}。
===名詞===
{{ar-coll-noun|بِطِّيخ|head2=بَطِّيخ|sing=بِطِّيخَة|sing2=بَطِّيخَة|pl=بَطَاطِيخ}}
# [[西瓜]]
# [[瓜]]
#: {{syn|ar|شمام|tr=šammām|بَطِّيخ أَصْفَر|tr2=}}
====變格====
{{ar-decl-coll-noun|بِطِّيخ|head2=بَطِّيخ|sing=بِطِّيخَة|sing2=بَطِّيخَة|pl=بَطَاطِيخ}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|acy|pattíx}}
* {{desc|mt|bettieħ|alts=1}}
* {{desc|roa-oca|albudeca|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ca|albudeca}}
* {{desctree|gez|በጢሕ|tr=baṭṭiḥ|bor=1}}
* {{→}} 庫爾德語:
*: {{desc|kmr|petêx}}
* {{desc|bor=1|la-med|botefles|buteflez|budusta|batheca}}
* {{desc|ms|betik|bor=1}}
** {{desc|id|betik}}
* {{desc|ml|വത്തയ്ക്ക|bor=1}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|albudeca|albudieca|batecha|bor=1}}
** {{desc|gl|botefa|alts=1}}
** {{desc|pt|pateca}}
*** {{desc|fr|pastèque|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|it|pasteca|bor=1|ll=利古里亞}}
**** {{desc|lij|pateca|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sc|pateca|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|es|patilla|bor=1}}
* {{desc|osp|albudeca|budefa|badea|badeha|bor=1}}
** {{desc|lad|bateha}}
** {{desc|es|albudeca|badea}}
* {{→}} 古{{desc|vec|bateco}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ALGloss|entry=botefles (or: buteflez)}}
* {{R:CAL|blty|N}}
* {{R:ar:Elmaz:2014|page=34b}}
* {{R:ar:Fraenkel|page=140}}
* {{R:sem:Grimme:1914|page=269}},源自{{der|ar|hit|-}}的語音變異
* {{R:ar:Lane|page=216c}}
* {{R:gez:Leslau-Comp.|page=113}}
* {{R:arc:Löw-Flora|volume=1|pages=550–553}}
* {{R:ar:Steingass|page=130a}}
{{C|ar|葫蘆科植物|果實}}
==海灣阿拉伯語==
[[File:Lebensmittel-Galiamelone1-Asio.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|{{l-self|afb|بَطِّيخ}}]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|afb|ar|بَطِّيخ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|afb|/bətˤːiːχ/|a=科威特}}
===名詞===
{{head|afb|名詞|tr=baṭṭīḵ|集合名詞,個體數|بطيخة|f1tr=baṭṭīḵa}}
# [[哈密瓜]],[[甜瓜]]
#: {{syn|afb|شمام|tr=šammām}}
#: {{ux|afb|شنو تحب اكثر، ال[[رقي]] ولا البطيخ؟|tr=šinu tḥib akṯar, ir-raggi wila-lbaṭṭīḵ?|你比較喜歡什麼,西瓜還是'''甜瓜'''?}}
# 不[[專業]],[[糟糕]],[[蹩腳]]
#: {{ux|afb|المقاول هذا شغله بطيخ|這個承包商的工作很'''糟糕'''}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|afb|ديرة بطيخ|tr=dīrat baṭṭiḵ}}
{{c|afb|果實|葫蘆科植物}}
==漢志阿拉伯語==
[[File:Watermelon_cross_BNC.jpg|thumb|270px|{{lang|acw|بَطِّيخ}}]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|acw|ar|بَطِّيخ}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|acw|/batˤːiːx/}}
===名詞===
{{acw-coll-noun|g=m|tr=baṭṭīḵ|sing=بطيخة|singtr=baṭṭīḵa|pl=بَطِّيخات|pltr=baṭṭīḵāt}}
# [[西瓜]]
#: {{syn|acw|حبحب|tr=ḥabḥab}}
{{c|acw|果實|葫蘆科植物}}
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|بَطِّيخ}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|baṭṭīḵ<p:bɑtˤˈtˤiːx>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-IbrahimZ (AdrianAbdulBaha)-بطّيخ.wav|a=伯利恆}}
===名詞===
{{ajp-coll-noun|head=بطّيخ|tr=baṭṭīḵ|sing=بطّيخة|singtr=baṭṭīḵa|pl=بطِّيخات|pltr=baṭṭīḵāt}}
# {{lb|ajp|不可數}} [[西瓜]]
{{c|ajp|果實|葫蘆科植物}}
qc2isjangitxlm9ecma490miaa3vg46
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{{also|implantó}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|implantar}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|la|in-|plantō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|implantō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|implantō}}
# [[加入]],[[植入]],[[放]]入
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|implantō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|implantātiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|sq|mbëltoj|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ca|implantar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|frm|implanter|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|implanter}}
** {{desc|da|implantere|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|implant|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nb|implantere|bor=1}}
** {{desc|nn|implantera|bor=1}}、{{l|nn|implantere}}
* {{desc|fur|implantâ}}
* {{desc|de|implantieren|bor=l}}
* {{desc|it|impiantare}}
* {{desc|pt|implantar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|împlânta}};{{desc|ro|implanta|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|implantar|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sv|implantera|bor=l}}
* {{desc|vec|inpiantar}}
{{bottom}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
* {{rhymes|pt|ɐ̃tu|s=3}}
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|implantar}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|implantar}}
46mo738iz1jwhtuw1z89sh671umwrtj
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*wes-|id=穿}}
源自 {{affix|la|in-|vestiō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|investiō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|4+|investiō}}
# [[穿上]]
# [[覆蓋]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|4+|investiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|nvescu|anvescu|nvishteari}} / [[nvest]], [[nvãshteri]]
* {{desc|ca|envestir}}、{{desc|ca|investir|lbor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|nl|investeren}}
* {{desc|en|invest}}
* {{desc|fr|investir}}
* {{desc|de|investieren}}
** {{desc|hu|invesztál|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|investire}}
* {{desc|oc|envestir}}
* {{desc|pt|investir}}
* {{desc|ro|învește|învești}}
* {{desc|sc|inbestire}}
* {{desc|scn|mmèstiri}}
* {{desc|es|investir|envestir|embestir}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
g3wclkh3rb3ta742j8vdmpgnri046ba
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==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|relaxar}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|la|re-|gloss1=回來;再次|laxō|gloss2=延長;鬆弛;緩解;放鬆}},源自 {{m|la|laxus||鬆的,開的}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|relaxō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|relaxō}}
# 再次[[伸展]]或加[[寬]];[[解]]開,[[鬆]]開,[[打開]];使[[鬆弛]];[[減弱]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} [[放鬆]],[[緩和]],[[減輕]],[[緩解]];使[[振作]],使[[活躍]],使[[放鬆]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|relaxō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|relaxātiō}}
* {{l|la|relaxātor}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|collaxō}}
* {{l|la|dīlaxō}}
* {{l|la|laxō}}
* {{l|la|perlaxō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|ca|relleixar}}、{{desc|ca|relaxar|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|it|rilassare}}
* {{desc|fro|relaxer|bor=1}}
** {{desc|enm|relaxen|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|en|relax}}
**** {{desc|de|relaxen|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|relaxer}}
* {{desc|pt|releixar|relaxar}}
* {{desc|ro|relaxa}}
* {{desc|es|relajar}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|relaxar}}
gpsddoxx9ig78gq8aba6e4lhissvsba
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{{also|detente|detenté}}
==英語==
{{wikipedia|lang=en}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|en|detente}}
===詞源===
{{ubor|en|fr|détente|t=放鬆}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|en|/deɪˈtɒnt/|a=UK}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-détente.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{IPA|en|/deɪˈtɑnt/|/dɪˈtɑnt/|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɒnt|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~}}
# {{lb|en|chiefly|政治}} [[緩和]](尤指兩國之間的關係)
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2012|author=w:en:Christopher Clark|title=The Sleepwalkers|trans-title=夢遊者們|page=318|publisher=Penguin|year_published=2013
|passage=Analogous structural and political constraints stood in the way of a lasting '''détente''' between Germany and Britain.|t=类似的结构性和政治性限制阻碍了德国和英国之间持久的'''缓和'''。}}
#* {{quote-web|en|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/14/iran-deal-us-congress-derail-dumb|title=Invading Iraq was dumb enough. Now Congress wants to derail the Iran deal|trans-title=入侵伊拉克已经够愚蠢了。现在国会想破坏伊朗协议|author=Stephen Kinzer|date=2014-01-14|work=The Guardian|passage=No step the United States could take anywhere in the world would bring strategic benefits as great as '''detente''' with Iran.|t=美国在世界任何地方采取任何举措,都无法像'''缓和'''与伊朗的'''关系'''那样带来巨大的战略利益。}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|en|rollback}}/{{l|en|regime change}}
* {{l|en|containment}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|en|detent}}
{{cln|en|抽象名詞}}
{{C|en|外交|核戰爭|冷戰}}
==法語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|fr|la|detenta}} 或 {{m|la||detendita}},{{m|la|detentus}} 的陰性過去分詞。
===發音===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|Fr-détente.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|f}}
# [[鬆開]]
# [[輕鬆]],[[放鬆]],[[鎮定]]
# [[緩和]]
# [[扳機]]
# {{lb|fr|運動}} [[彈力]];能夠[[彈跳]]到的[[高度]]
# {{lb|fr|物理學|指氣體等的}} [[膨脹]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|fr|long à la détente}}
* {{l|fr|presser la détente}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|fr|détendre}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|détente|bor=1}}、{{desc|en|detent|bor=1|nolang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|endette}}、{{l|fr|endetté}}
{{C|fr|槍機}}
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|baptidiō|baptiziō|babtizō|baptitzō|baptiszō|baptisō}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|la|grc|βαπτίζω||浸入}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|baptizō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|baptizō}}
# {{lb|la|Late Latin}} [[浸入]]或[[沐浴]]在水中
## {{lb|la|Ecclesiastical Latin}} [[施洗]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|baptizō}}
====相關詞彙====
{{rel3|la|baptisma|baptismum|baptista|baptistērium|baptīzātiō|baptīzātor}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|pãtedz|pãtidzari}}
** {{desc|ruo|botez}}
** {{desc|ruq|batiz|bătizari}}
** {{desc|ro|boteza|botezare}}
** {{desc|sq|pagëzoj|bor=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|battezzare}}
** {{desc|scn|vattijari}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|egl|batsar|batesar}}
** {{desc|fur|batiâ}}
** {{desc|lmo|batesar|batsar}};{{l|lmo|batagiär}} {{qualifier|阿爾卑斯}}
** {{desc|pms|batié|baté|batesé}}
** {{desc|vec|batizxar|batixar|batezar|batidar}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|bapteyér}}
** {{desc|fro|batoyer}} {{desc|fro|baptoier|slb=1|nolang=1}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|batejar|bateiar}} {{qualifier|西北}}、{{l|ca|batiar}} {{qualifier|巴利亞利}}
** {{desc|oc|batejar}} {{qualifier|大部分方言}}
**: {{desc|oc-gas|batiar}}
**: {{desc|oc-viv|bateiar}}
* 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|osp|batear}} {{desc|osp|baptear|slb=1|nolang=1}}
* 島嶼羅曼語:
** {{desc|sc|batiài|batiare|batigiare}}
* 借詞:
** {{desctree|fro|baptisier|bor=1}}
** 伊比利亞半接觸借詞:
*** {{desc|an|baltizar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|ast|bautizar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|roa-opt|batiçar|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|pt|batizar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|osp|baptizar|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|es|bautizar}}
***** {{desc|gl|bautizar|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:TLL|baptizo|lem=16935}}
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|baptizar}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|baptizar}}
43097uzfmorzw9nvyor44pucsghqldw
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==拉丁語==
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|baptidiō}} {{tlb|la|LL.}}
# {{altform|la|baptizō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|baptidiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|rup|pãtedz|pãtidzari}}
** {{desc|ruo|botez}}
** {{desc|ruq|batiz}}
** {{desc|ro|boteza|botezare}}
** {{desc|sq|pagëzoj|bor=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|scn|vattijari}}
* 北意大利語:
** {{desc|egl|batsar|batesar}}
** {{desc|fur|batiâ}}
** {{desc|lmo|batesar|batsar}}; {{l|lmo|batagiär}} {{qualifier|Alpine}}
** {{desc|pms|batié|蝙蝠é|batesé}}
** {{desc|vec|batizxar|batixar|batezar|batidar}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|frp|baptiér|baptiyér}}
** {{desc|fro|batoyer}} {{desc|fro|baptoier|slb=1|nolang=1}}
* 奧克-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|batejar|bateiar}} {{qualifier|northwestern}}、{{l|ca|batiar}} {{qualifier|balear}}
** {{desc|oc|batejar}} {{qualifier|most dialects}}
**: {{desc|oc-gas|batiar}}
**: {{desc|oc-viv|bateiar}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|osp|batear}} {{desc|osp|baptear|slb=1|nolang=1}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|batiài|batiare|batigiare}}
{{bottom}}
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urtica
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{{also|Urtica}}
==意大利語==
===名詞===
{{it-noun|f}}
# {{alt form|it|ortica}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=acirtu|crauti|curati}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{unk|la}}。Ernout 和 Meillet 認為與 {{m|la|ūrō||燃燒}} 無關,只是民間說法,因為詞源上該動詞詞幹以 ''-s-'' 結尾,所以應該產出 {{m|la||*ū̆stīca}}。<ref name="EM">{{R:la:EM|page=755}}</ref>
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|urtīca}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|urtīca<1>}}
# [[蕁麻]]
# [[黃金水母]]
# {{lb|la|比喻}} [[慾火]],[[好色]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|urtīca<1>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語:
** {{desc|rup|urticã|urdzicã|urdzãcã|urdzeche}}
** {{desc|ro|urzică}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|ortica}}; {{l|it|urtica}} {{qualifier|托斯卡納及中部方言}}
** {{desc|nap|ardica|radica}}
** {{desc|scn|ardica}} {{desc|scn|ardìcula|der=1|nolang=1}}
**: 卡拉布里亞:{{l|scn|ordica}}、{{l|scn|lurdica}}、{{l|scn|ardica}}
* 北意大利語支:
** 高盧-意大利語支:
*** {{desc|egl|urtiga}}、{{l|oc|ortiga}}
*** {{desc|lij|òrtîga|ortîga|éurtîa}}
*** {{desc|lmo|urtiga|urtic}}
*** {{desc|pms|urtija|urtia|aurtia|ortija|ortia}}
*** {{desc|rgn|urtiga}}
** 萊托-羅曼語支:
*** {{desc|fur|urtie}}
*** {{desc|lld|ortìa}}
*** {{desc|rm|urtia}}
** {{desc|vec|ortiga|oltriga|urtiga}}
* 北高盧-意大利語支:
** {{desc|frp|ortie|ortia|orcha}}
** {{desc|fr|ortie}}
* 南高盧-意大利語支:
** 阿拉貢語:
**: Ansotano: {{l|an|xordiga}}
**: Belsetán: {{l|an|ixordica}}
**: Cheso: {{l|an|xordiga}}
**: Chistabín: {{l|an|ixordica}}、{{l|an|ixordiga}}
**: Panticuto: {{l|an|xordica}}、{{l|an|xordiga}}
**: Ribagorçan: {{l|an|ixordiga}}、{{l|an|ixordica}}
** {{desc|ca|ortiga}}
** 奧克語:
**: {{desc|oc-auv|ortija}}、{{l|oc|otrija}}、{{l|oc|órtia}}
**: {{desc|oc-gas|ortiga}}、{{l|oc|ortica}}、{{l|oc|autriga}}、{{l|oc|hortiga}}、{{l|oc|hortic}}
**: {{desc|oc-lan|ortiga}}、{{l|oc|autriga}}、{{l|oc|ortic}}
**: {{desc|oc-lim|ortruja}}、{{l|oc|autruja}}、{{l|oc|ertruja}}、{{l|oc|entruja}}
**: {{desc|oc-pro|ortiga}}、{{l|oc|aurtiga}}
**: {{desc|oc-viv|úrtia}}、{{l|oc|urtia}}、{{l|oc|ortia}}、{{l|oc|uèrtia}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|ortiga|urtiga}}
** {{desc|gl|ortiga}} {{desc|gl|der=1|nolang=1|estruga}}
** {{desc|pt|urtiga|ortiga}}
** {{desc|es|ortiga}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|mul|''[[Urtica]]''|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{C|la|植物}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|urticar}}
ay1rqthkets5hxm7gmipnl6lrp4jyhz
Юпитеръ
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==古盧森尼亞語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|zle-ort|Упи́теръ}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|zle-ort|la|Iuppiter}}、{{m|la|Iūpiter}},源自{{der|zle-ort|itc-pro|*djous patēr}},源自{{der|zle-ort|ine-pro|*[[dyḗws]]-[[ph₂tḗr]]}}。<ref>{{R:uk:ESUM|Юпітер|523|6}}</ref>和{{cog|ru|Юпи́тер}} 同源。
===專有名詞===
{{head|zle-ort|專有名詞|head=Юпи́теръ|g=m}}
# {{lb|zle-ort|天文學}} [[木星]]
# {{lb|zle-ort|Roman god}} [[朱比特]],[[朱庇特]],[[朱皮特]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|be|Юпі́тэр}}
* {{desc|rue|Юпі́тер}}
* {{desc|uk|Юпі́тер}}; {{desc|uk|юпі́тер|nolang=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:zle-obe:HSBM|юпитеръ, упитеръ|262|37|yupiter}}
k5yxj367dfgxokuzyw4sj93ilnjxh9q
Reconstruction:原始印歐語/ǵn̥h₃sḱéti
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
===詞源===
{{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-}}
{{etymon|ine-pro|id=認識|:af|*ǵneh₃-<id:認識>|*-sḱéti<id:持續動詞後綴>}}
源自 {{suffix|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-|*-sḱéti|t1=認識,知道|pos2=持續動詞後綴}}。
===動詞===
{{ine-verb|impf}}<ref name="Ringe 2006">{{R:gem:PIEPG}}</ref><ref name="LIV">{{R:ine:LIV|page=169}}</ref>
# {{c|ine-pro|思想}} [[認識]]
====屈折====
{{ine-conj-impf|ǵn̥h₃sḱé}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|sqj-pro|*gnāska}}
** {{desc|sq|njoh}}
* 亞美尼亞語:
** {{desctree|xcl|ճանաչեմ|qq=源於早期的 {{m|xcl||*ծանաչեմ}}}}
* {{desc|grk-pro|*gignṓskō|der=1}} {{qualifier|帶二次重疊}}
** {{desc|grc|γιγνώσκω}}
* {{desc|iir-pro|*ȷ́naHsćáti}} {{qualifier|帶全級詞根}}
** {{desc|ira-pro|*jnaHŝáti}}
*** {{desc|xpr|𐫙𐫢𐫗𐫀𐫘|t=認識,了解|ts=išnās-}}
*** {{desc|peo|𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐎫𐎹|ts=xšnāsātiy|pos=第三人稱假設語氣}}<ref name="Ringe 2006"/>
**** {{desc|pal|-}}
****: {{desc|pal|𐫙𐫢𐫗𐫀𐫘|sclang=1|ts=išnās-|sc=Mani}}
****: {{desc|pal||tr=šnʾs|ts=šnās-|sc=Phlv|sclang=1}}
***** {{desc|fa|شناختن|tr=šenâxtan}}
* {{desc|itc-pro|*gnōskō}} {{see desc}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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melioro
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{m|la|melior||更好}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|meliōrō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|meliōrō}}
# {{lb|la|Late Latin}} 使做得更[[好]],[[改進]],[[改善]]
====用法說明====
古典拉丁語中,「改進」應作 {{m|la|melior|meliōrem}} {{m|la|faciō}}、{{m|la|melius}} {{m|la|faciō}}。
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|meliōrō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|meliōrātiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|migliorare}}
*** {{desc|sc|megliorare|bor=1}}
** {{desc|scn|migghiurari|migliurari}}
* 帕達尼亞語支:
** {{desc|fur|miorâ}}
** {{desc|rm|meglierar}}
** {{desc|vec|megiorar|mejorar}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fro|ameillorer|der=1}}
*** {{desc|fr|améliorer}} {{qualifier|受拉丁語影響而改變}}
**** {{desc|ro|ameliora,ameliorare|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|en|ameliorate|bor=1}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|amillorar|der=1}}
** {{desc|ca|millorar}}
** {{desc|oc|melhorar}}
* 伊比利亞羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ast|medrar|meyorar}} {{desc|ast|ameyorar|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|gl|mellorar}}
** {{desc|pt|melhorar}}
** {{desc|es|medrar|mejorar}}
* 島嶼羅曼語支:
** {{desc|sc|mezorare}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|en|meliorate|meliorative|bor1=1|der2=1}}
** {{desc|pms|milioré|bor=1|unc=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa
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{{also|humuhumu-nukunuku-apuaʻa}}
==夏威夷語==
{{was fwotd|haw|2024|12月|2日}}
[[Image:Reef Triggerfish.JPG|thumb|humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa]]
===其他形式===
* {{l|haw|humuhumu-nukunuku-apuaʻa}}
===詞源===
源自 {{com+|haw|humuhumu|t1=鱗魨科|nuku|t2=口鼻部|nuku|t3=鈍的|ā|pos4=兩個形容詞之間的連詞|puaʻa|t5=豬;像豬的}}。{{lit|口鼻部鈍而像豬的鱗魨}}
===發音===
* {{haw-IPA|humu+humu+nuku+nuku+ā+puaʻa}}
===名詞===
{{head|haw|名詞}}
# [[斜帶吻棘魨]]([[鱗魨|鱗魨科]]下的一種熱帶海水魚)
#* {{quote-text|haw|year=1998|title=He Moʻolelo No Kamapuaʻa|publisher=G.W. Kahiolo|pageurl=http://ulukau.org/elib/collect/hk1/index/assoc/D0.dir/doc23.pdf|page=15
|passage=Ko ia nei heleāiʻa akula nō ia ma ke kino '''humuhumunukunukuapuaʻa''' a hiki kēia i Molokaʻi.
|translation=他以'''斜帶吻棘魨'''的形態快速遊走,直到最後到達莫洛凱島。}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite-book|year=1865|author=Lorrin Andrews|authorlink=Lorrin Andrews|title=A Dictionary of the Hawaiian language|page=225|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRRKAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA225&lpg=PA225}}
* {{cite-book|year=1986|author=[[w:en:Mary Kawena Pukui|Mary Kawena Pukui]], [[w:en:Samuel Hoyt Elbert|Samuel H. Elbert]]|title=Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian|isbn=0-8248-0703-0|page=91}}
===延伸閱讀===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250822163027/https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=p-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%2ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home---00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=humuhumunukunuku%C4%81pua%CA%BBa&fqv=textpukuielbert%2ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED Entry for ''humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa'' at Wehewehe.org]
{{c|haw|魚}}
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Adrianus
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==印尼語==
===詞源===
{{lbor|id|la|Adrianus}}。
===發音===
{{id-pr|A.drianus}}
===專有名詞===
{{id-proper noun}}
# {{given name|id|男性|from=拉丁語|eq=Adrian}},主要用於基督徒
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|Adriānus}}
===專有名詞===
{{la-proper noun|Adriānus<2.both>}}
# {{given name|la|男性|eq=Adrian}}
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|Adriānus<2.both>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|pt|Adrião}}、{{desc|pt|Adriano|bor=1|nolang=1}}
====參見====
* {{l|la|Hadriānus}}
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پیروزه
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{{also|پیروزہ}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|فیروزه|tr=firuze}}
* {{alter|ota|فیروزج|tr=firuzec||經由阿拉伯語而非古典波斯語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa-cls|پیروزَه}},源自{{der|ota|pal|*pērōzag}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=piruze}}
# [[綠松石]] {{c|ota|寶石}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|piruze}}
* {{desc|hy|փէրուզէ<l:ննխ>|փօ̈րօ̈զա̈<l:վն>|bor=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=463}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|fa|:inh|pal:*pērōzag<id:綠松石>|id=綠松石}}
{{nonlemma}}
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|pērōza|tg=pīrōza}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|پیروزه|پیروزه|пирӯза}}
{{fa-noun|tr=pērōza}} {{tlb|fa|古典羅馬化}}
# {{alternative form of|fa|فیروزه|tr=firuze|from=Early Classical}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|पीरोज़ा}}
*: {{desc|ur|پِیروزَہ}}
* {{desc|ota|پیروزه|tr=pîrûze|bor=1}}
** {{desc|tr|piruze}}
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جام
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{{also|حام|خام|چام}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ar|fa|جام|tr=jâm}}。
===發音===
* {{ar-pr|جَام}}
===名詞===
{{ar-noun|جَام|m|pl=جَامَات|pl2=جُوم|pl3=أَجْوَام}}
# [[杯子]];[[碗]]
# <!--可能已棄用?中世紀用詞--> [[托盤]],大淺盤
====變格====
{{ar-decl-noun|جَام|pl=جَامَات|pl2=جُوم|pl3=أَجْوَام}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite-book|last=Gacek|first=Adam|title=The Arabic Manuscript Tradition: A Glossary of Technical Terms|year=2008|isbn=9047432991}}
* {{R:ar:Wehr-4}}
{{C|ar|飲食容器}}
==古拉尼語==
===名詞===
{{head|hac|名詞|tr=jām}}
# [[鏡子]]
==美索不達米亞阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|acm|fa|جام|tr=jâm}}。
===名詞===
{{acm-noun|tr=jām|g=m}}
# [[玻璃]];[[窗格]]
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fa|جام|tr=jâm|t=玻璃,窗格}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=cam}}
# [[玻璃]]
#: {{syn|ota|صرچه|tr=sırça}}
# [[杯子]];[[玻璃杯]];[[燒杯]]
#: {{syn|ota|بارداق|tr1=bardak|ساغراق|tr2=saġrak}} {{qualifier|玻璃杯}}
# [[玻璃片]];[[玻璃板]]
===形容詞===
{{ota-adj|tr=cam}}
# [[玻璃]]的
#: {{syn|ota|صرچه|tr=sırça}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ota
|{{l|ota|جام گوبكی|tr=cam göbeği|t=鼓风机管上的玻璃结}}
|{{l|ota|جام گوز|tr=cam göz|t=皺唇鯊}}
|{{l|ota|جامجی|tr=camcı|t=玻璃工}}
|{{l|ota|جاملتمق|tr=camlatmak|t=让其与玻璃相配}}
|{{l|ota|جاملق|tr=camlık|t=玻璃状}}
|{{l|ota|جاملمق|tr=camlamak|t=与玻璃相配}}
|{{l|ota|جاملنمق|tr=camlanmak|t=变得玻璃般}}
|{{l|ota|جاملو|tr=camlı|t=玻璃般的}}
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|cam}}
* {{desc|sq|xham|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|hy|ճամ|ջամ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|rup|agiame|giame}}
* {{desc|bg|джам|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ჯამი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|τζάμι|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lzz|ჯამი|bor=1|alts=1}}
* {{desc|mk|џам|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|geam|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|џа̏м|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|džȁm|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:tr:OTK|cam|vol=1|page=745}}
* {{R:ota:Hindoglu|page=177a}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=430}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=1775|Vitrum}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|L|column=1560}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|cam}}
* {{R:rup:Polenaković|page=75|entry=25. ''AǦAME'' sb. f. pl. ''aǧeń'' i ''aǧemurǐ''; ''ǦAME''}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=636}}
{{c|ota|飲食容器|材料|建築要素}}
==普什圖語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ps|fa|جام|tr=jâm}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|ps|/d͡ʒɑm/}}
===名詞===
{{ps-noun|g=m|tr=jâm}}
# [[杯子]];[[高腳杯]]
====變格====
{{ps-noun-m-inanimate|جام|jâm}}
{{c|ps|飲食容器}}
==波斯語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fa}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|fa|pal|tr=ǰām|t=玻璃}}。與{{cog|ae|𐬫𐬀𐬨𐬀|t=玻璃}}有關。<ref>The Silk Road Encyclopedia. (n.d.). United States: Seoul Selection.</ref><ref>The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. (1910). United Kingdom: Encyclopaedia Britannica Company, p. 248</ref>
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|jām}}
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-جام.wav|a=Iran}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|جام|جام|ҷом}}
{{fa-noun|tr=jâm|pl=جامها|pltr=jâm-hâ}}
# [[杯子]]
# [[玻璃]];[[窗格]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col2|fa
|جام جم<tr:jâm-e jam>
|جام زهر<tr:jâm-e zahr><lit:有毒的聖杯>
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|جام|t=杯子、碗、盘子}}
* {{desc|bor=1|afb|جام|tr=jām|جامة|tr2=jāma|t2=车窗}}
* {{desc|bor=1|acm|جام|tr=jām}}
* {{desc|bor=1|bn|জাম}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gu|જામ}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|hi|जाम}}
*: {{desc|ur|جام|tr=jâm}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ps|جام|tr=jâm}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|ota|جام|tr=cam}}
===參考資料===
* {{cite-journal|last=Hassuri|first=Ali|title=Two Middle Persian Words|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft|volume=133|year=1983|pages=145–148|url=http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/titleinfo/150147|accessdate=2024-12-05|archivedate=2024-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205110555/https://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/dmg/periodical/titleinfo/150147}}
{{reflist}}
{{C|fa|飲食容器}}
==烏爾都語==
{{wikipedia|lang=ur}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|jām}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɑːm|s=1}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|جام|tr=jām}}。
====名詞====
{{ur-noun|m|hi=जाम}}
# [[高腳杯]];[[酒杯]]
# {{lb|ur|loosely}} [[杯子]];[[玻璃杯]]
===詞源2===
{{inh+|ur|sa|जम्बु}}。
====名詞====
{{ur-noun|m|hi=जाम}}
# [[蓮霧]]
# [[番石榴]]
# [[夜巡]] {{gloss|時長為三小時}}
# [[兒子]]
=====變格=====
{{ur-noun-c-m|جام|jām}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ur:UDB}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
{{c|ur|桃金孃科植物|果實}}
==烏修基語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|ush|ps|جام|tr=jām}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ush|名詞|g=|tr=jām}}
# [[鐙]]
6no810qf2umhlhn1dnt2cnh625r8wn3
ingluvies
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==英語==
===詞源===
源自{{uder|en|la|-}}。
===名詞===
{{en-noun|?}}
# {{lb|en|解剖學}} [[鳥類]]的[[嗉囊]]
====派生詞彙====
* [[ingluvial]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
最终源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*gʷel-||喉嚨}}。<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|pages=364-365|head=gel-}}</ref>對照{{cog|la|gula||喉嚨}}、{{m|la|gluttiō||吞下}}、{{cog|ru|глотка||喉嚨}}、{{cog|fa|گلو||喉嚨}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ingluviēs}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|ingluviēs<5>}}
# {{lb|la|解剖學}} [[鳥類]]的[[嗉囊]]
# [[饕餮]],[[貪食]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|ingluviēs<5>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|ingluvies}}
* {{desc|es|ingluvie}}
* {{desc|it|gobbio}}、{{desc|it|ingluvie|nolang=1|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
{{reflist}}
{{C|la|動物身體部位}}
ocaybtl3kendh74jo07qhs4sjmgohle
𑀚𑀮
0
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==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=jala}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|n}}
# {{pi-sc|t=水}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=n}}
==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|जल}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|m|s|a}}
# [[水]]
#: {{syn|pra|𑀉𑀅𑀅|𑀧𑀸𑀡𑀻𑀅|𑀯𑀸𑀭𑀺}}
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|n}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|as|জল}}
* {{desc|bn|জল}}
* 達爾德語:
** {{desc|ks|زَل|t=尿}}
* 印度斯坦語:
*: {{desc|hi|जल}}
*: {{desc|ur|جل}}
* {{desc|mr|जल}}
* {{desc|ne|जल}}
* {{desc|pi|jala}}
* 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਜਲ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|جل|tr=jal|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|syl|ꠎꠟ}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:CDIAL|jala}}
1nwwrfirzsdq7wkch0r744wadc58hrl
सैनिक
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==印地語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|hi|sa|सैनिक}}。亦參見{{m|hi|सेना||軍隊}}。
===發音===
* {{hi-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{hi-adj|ind=1}}
# {{lb|hi|relational}} [[軍事]]的,[[軍隊]]的
===名詞===
{{hi-noun|m}}
# [[士兵]]
====變格====
{{hi-ndecl|<M>}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|en|sainik|bor=1}}
{{c|hi|軍事}}
==尼泊爾語==
===發音===
* {{ne-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{ne-adj}}
# [[軍事]]的
===名詞===
{{ne-noun}}
# [[士兵]]
{{c|ne|軍事}}
==梵語==
===其他形式===
{{sa-alt}}
===發音===
* {{sa-IPA}}
===形容詞===
{{head|sa|形容詞}}
# [[軍事]]的,[[軍隊]]的
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m}}
# [[士兵]],[[軍人]],[[警衛]],[[哨兵]]
====派生語彙====
* {{→}} 旁遮普語:
*: {{desc|pa|ਸੈਨਿਕ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|سينک|tr=sainik|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|te|సైనికుడు}}
p6ijsfwj50lk9g0lrejet4spmm7lhls
Reconstruction:原始日耳曼語/haiduz
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始日耳曼语==
===词源===
可能与{{cog|sa|केतु|tr=ketú|t=亮,亮光;外貌,形状}}一致,源自{{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*koyt-ús}},源自词根{{m|ine-pro|*keyt-|t=亮,闪}},其亦派生出{{m|gem-pro|*haidraz||明亮的}}。<ref name="HGE"/>可能还曾存在形式{{m|ine-pro||*keydʰ-}}。
===发音===
* {{IPA|gem-pro|/ˈxɑi̯.ðuz/}}
===名词===
{{gem-noun|m}}<ref name="HGE">{{R:gem:HGE|head=*xaiduz ~ *xaidiz|page=151}}</ref>
# [[方式]]
# [[性格]],[[人格]]
# [[外貌]]
# [[地位]]
# [[状态]],[[条件]]
# [[种类]];[[性别]]
# {{lb|gem-pro|复合词中}} 构成名词的后缀。
====变格====
{{gem-decl-noun}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gmw-pro|*haidu}}; {{desc|gmw-pro|*-haidu|nolang=1|alts=1}}
** {{desc|ang|hād|-hād}}; {{l|ang|*hǣd}}、{{l|ang|*-hǣd}}、{{l|ang|*-hǣdu}}
*** {{desc|enm|had|hod|hode|hede}}; {{l|enm|-had}}、{{l|enm|-hod}}、{{l|enm|-hed}}、{{l|enm|-hede}}
**** {{desc|sco|had|hade|haid|-heid}}
**** {{desc|en|hade|hede|hode|-hood}}; {{l|en|-head}}
** {{desc|ofs|-hēd}}
*** {{desc|stq|-haid|-gaid}}
*** {{desc|fy|-heid}}
** {{desc|osx|-hēd}}
*** {{desc|gml|-heit}}
**** {{desc|nds-de|-heid}} {{qual|东弗里斯兰}}、{{l|nds-de|-heit}} {{qual|Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch}}、{{l|nds-de|-heet}}、{{l|nds-de|-het}}
**** {{desc|nb|-het|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|nn|-heit|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|sv|-het|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|da|-hed|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|is|-heit|bor=1}}
** {{desc|odt|*-hēd|*-heid}}
*** {{desc|dum|-heit}}
**** {{desctree|nl|-heid}}
** {{desc|goh|heit|-heit}}
*** {{desc|gmh|-heit}}
**** {{desc|de|-heit|-keit}}
**** {{desc|yi|־הייט|־קייט}}
** {{desc|fro|hait|unc=1|t=喜悦}}
*** {{desc|fro|haitier|der=1}}
* {{desc|non|heiðr}}
** {{desc|is|heiður}}
** {{desc|fo|heiður}}
** {{desc|nb|heder}}
** {{desc|nn|heider}}
** {{desc|gmq-osw|hēþer}}
*** {{desc|sv|heder}}
** {{desc|da|hæder}}
* {{desc|got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃}}
===参考资料===
{{reflist}}
c8p21w42lnw0ybala7h97uswtwjye9h
auctorico
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|autoricare|autorigare}}
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|la|auctor|icō|alt1=auctōr-|t1=擔保人|pos2=構成動詞的後綴}}。首次見於九世紀伊比利亞和法國南部的文獻中。
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|auctōricō}} {{tlb|la|EML.}}
# [[保證]],[[擔保]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|auctōricō}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|auctōrizō}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|roa-oca|atoregar}}
** {{desc|ca|atorgar}}
* {{desc|pro|adorgar|audorgar|autorguar}}; {{desc|pro|actorgar|auctorgar|nolang=1}} {{qualifier|以 /kt/ 開頭的形式顯示出拉丁語的影響}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|outorgar}}
** {{desc|gl|outorgar}}
** {{desc|pt|outorgar}}
* {{desc|osp|atorgar|otorgar}}
** {{desc|es|otorgar}}
** → Old {{desc|scn|aturgari|oturgari}}
** {{desc|sc|atorgare|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:FEW|25|811|*auctorĭcare}}
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Reconstruction:原始南達羅毗荼語/oṭal
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始南達羅毗荼語==
===詞源===
源自 {{compound|dra-sou-pro|*oṭ|*al}}。
===名詞===
{{head|dra-sou-pro|名詞}}<ref>{{R:dra:DL|page=525}}</ref>
# {{lb|dra-sou-pro|解剖學}} [[身體]]
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 南達羅毗荼語支:
** 泰米爾-卡納達語組:
*** {{desc|kn|ಒಡಲು}}
*** 泰米爾-果達古語組:
**** 泰米爾-馬拉雅拉姆語組:
***** {{desc|ml|ഉടൽ}}
***** {{desc|ta|உடல்}}
**** 托達-科塔語組:
***** {{desc|tcx|tr=wïṛḷ}}
***** {{desc|kfe|ஒற்ள்}}
* 中南達羅毗荼語支:
** 孔達-庫伊語組:
*** {{desc|kfc|alt=oṛol}}
***: {{desc|kfc|ଓଡ଼ୋଲ୍|tr=-|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|kfc|ఒఱొల్|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|te|ఒడలు}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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Reconstruction:原始西日耳曼語/kneht
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始西日耳曼語==
===詞源===
{{unk|gmw-pro}}。<ref name="EWddS" />
===名詞===
{{head|gmw-pro|名詞|g=m}}<ref>{{R:ang:DOE|127|*kneht}}</ref><ref name="EWddS">{{R:EWddS|ed=22|hw=Knecht|page=383|passage=wg. *knehta-}}</ref>
# {{c|gmw-pro|青年|男人}} [[青春]],[[男孩]]
#: {{syn|gmw-pro|*knabō|*knappō}}
# {{c|gmw-pro|僕人}} [[僕從]],[[騎士]]
====屈折====
{{gmw-infl-noun-a|g=m}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|gmw-pro|*knehtahaidu}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2|desc}}
* {{desctree|ang|cniht}}
* {{desc|ofs|kniucht|knecht}}
** {{desc|frr|knecht}}
** {{desc|stq|Knächt}}
** {{desc|fy|knjocht}}
* {{desc|osx|kneht}}
** {{desc|gml|knecht}}
*** {{desc|nds-nl|knecht}}
*** {{desc|nds-de|Knecht|Knech|l2=Westphalian}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|da|knægt}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|fo|knektur}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|sv|knekt}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|no|-}} {{l|nb|knekt}}
* {{desc|odt|*cneht}}
** {{desc|dum|cnecht}}
*** {{desc|nl|knecht}}
* {{desc|goh|kneht}}
** {{desc|gmh|knëht}}
*** {{desc|gsw|Chnëcht}}
*** {{desctree|de|Knecht}}
*** {{desc|lb|Kniecht}}
*** {{desc|yi|קנעכט}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
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adiacens
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{l|la|adjacēns}}
===詞源===
{{m|la|adiaceō}} 的現在時主動分詞。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|adiacēns|eccl=yes}}
===分詞===
{{la-part|adiacēns}}
# [[相鄰]]的,[[毗連]]的,[[鄰近]]的
# {{lb|la|substantive}} 相鄰或毗連的[[區域]]或[[地區]]
====變格====
{{la-adecl|adiacēns<3-P+>}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|it|aggiacente}} {{qualifier|罕用}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|pms|àsia}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fro|aise}}
*** {{desc|xno|ese}}
**** {{desc|enm|ese|bor=1}}
***** {{desc|en|ease}}
*** {{desc|fr|aise}} {{desc|fr|aisance|der=1|nolang=1}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desctree|pro|aize}}
*** {{desc|pro|aizina|der=1|nolang=1}}
**** {{desc|bor=1|roa-oca|asina|aïna}}
***** {{desc|ca|eina}};{{l|ca|aïna}} {{qualifier|西方}}
**** {{desc|oc|aisina}}
* 借詞:
** {{desc|ca|adjacent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|en|adjacent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|fr|adjacent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|adiacente|bor=1}}
** {{desc|pt|adjacente|bor=1}}
** {{desc|ro|adiacent|bor=1}}
** {{desc|es|adyacente|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₁lewdʰ-|alt=*h₁lewdʰ-o-s}}。對照{{cog|gem-pro|*liudaz}}({{cog|goh|liut}})以及可能的{{cog|sq|lirë}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|m|head=*ľȗdъ}}<ref>{{R:sla:ESSJa|*ľudъ/*ľudь/*ľuda/*ľudo/*ľudьje|194|15}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|282|*ļȗdъ|m. o (c) ‘people’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|ljudъ / ljudь ljuda|''c'' (SA 70, 171; RPT 97, 102)}}</ref>
# [[族群]]{{gl|屬於同一民族或講同一種語言的人群}}
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|ľȗdъ|ap=c}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|sla-pro|title=名詞|*ľudinъ<g:m>|*ľudìna<g:f>|*ľudьstvo<g:n>}}
{{col|sla-pro|title=形容詞|*ľudьnъ|*ľudovъ|*ľudьskъ}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|sla-pro|title=名詞|*ľȗdьje}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|*людъ}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|людъ}}
**** {{desc|be|люд}}
**** {{desc|rue|люд}}
**** {{desc|uk|люд}}
*** {{desc|ru|люд}}
** {{desc|zle-ono|людъ}} <!--unsure-->
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 教會斯拉夫語:{{desc|cu|людъ|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|люд|qq=dialectal}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|људ|qq=dialectal}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ljud|qq=dialectal}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|ljȗd}} {{qualifier|古舊}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|ľud}}
*** {{desc|cs|lid}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|lud}}
*** {{desc|pl|lud}}
** {{desc|zlw-osk|ľud|lid}}
*** {{desc|sk|ľud}}
** {{desc|pox|ľai̯dai̯|g=p}}
** 波美拉尼亞語:
*** {{desc|csb|lud}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|lúd}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|hsb|lud}}
*** {{desc|dsb|lud}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|люд}}
* {{R:ru:Shansky|люд}}
* {{R:pl:Boryś|lud|291}}
* {{R:pl:Sławski|lud|363|4}}
* {{R:cs:Machek 1968|lid|331}}
* {{R:cs:Rejzek:2007|lid|356}}
* {{R:sk:Králik|ľud}}
* {{R:uk:ESUM|люд}}
* {{R:be:ESBM|люд|||liud}}
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𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀆
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==普拉克里特語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|pra|𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀆}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|मक्षिका}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pi|makkhikā}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=f}}
# [[蒼蠅]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|f}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2|desc}}
* {{desc|inc-cen}}
** {{desc|inc-hnd|-}} {{xlit|hi|मक्खी}}
**: {{desc|hi|मक्खी|tr=-}}
**: {{desc|ur|مَکّھی|tr=-}}
* {{desc|inc-eas}}
** {{desc|as|মাখি}}
* {{desc|inc-wes}}
** {{desc|gu|માખી}}
* {{desc|inc-nwe}}
** {{desc|pa|-}} {{xlit|pa|ਮੱਖੀ}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਮੱਖੀ|tr=-|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|مکھّی|tr=-|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sd|-}} makhi
**: {{desc|sd|مَکِ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|मखि|sclang=1}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pra:Sheth||666}}
* {{R:CDIAL|mákṣā|hw=1|page=554}}
{{C|pra|昆蟲}}
2b66bawijyzjdxgvdla6jlmym7vdmd3
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{{also|𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺}}
==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=hattha|Laoo=ຫຕ຺ຖ|Laoo2=ຫັຕຖະ|Laoo3=ຫັດຖະ}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|m}}
# {{pi-sc||hattha|t=手}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=m}}
==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{root|pra|ine-pro|*ǵʰes-}}
{{etymon|pra|id=手|inh|sa>हस्त>手|tree=1}}
{{inh+|pra|sa|हस्त}},{{inh+|pra|iir-pro|*ȷ́ʰástas}},{{inh+|pra|ine-pro|*ǵʰes-}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pi|hattha}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|pra|/hət̪.t̪ʰə/}}
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|m|s|g=m}}
# {{lb|pra|解剖學}} [[手]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|m}}
{{pra-sau-decl-noun|m}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|inc-cen}}
** {{desc|inc-hie}}
*** {{desc|awa|हाँथ}}
** {{desc|inc-hiw}}
*** {{desc|inc-hnd}}
**** {{desc|hi|हाथ}}
**** {{desc|ur|ہاتھ}}
* {{desc|inc-eas}}
** {{desc|inc-bas}}
*** {{desc|inc-oas|হাথ}}
**** {{desc|as|হাত}}
*** {{desc|inc-obn|হাথ|tr=hātha}}
**** {{desc|bn|হাত}}
**** {{desc|ccp|𑄦𑄖𑄴}}
**** {{desc|rhg|hát}}
**** {{desc|syl|ꠀꠔ}}
** {{desc|inc-bih}}
*** {{desc|bho|हाथ}}
*** {{desc|mai|हाथ}}
** {{desc|or|ହାତ}}
* {{desc|inc-ins}}
** {{desc|dv|އަތް|އަތްތިލަ}}
** {{desc|si|අත}}
* {{desc|inc-nor}}
** {{desc|gbm|हाथ}}
** {{desc|ne|हात}}
* {{desc|inc-nwe}}
** {{desc|kfr|હથ}}
** {{desc|pa}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਹੱਥ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|ہَتھّ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sd}}
**: {{desc|sd|هَٿُ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|हथु|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|inc-sou}}
** {{desc|kok}}
*** {{desc|kok|हात|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|kok|ಹಾತ್|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|kok|hat|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|omr}}
*** {{desc|omr|𑘮𑘞|sclang=1|𑘮𑘰𑘘|𑘮𑘰𑘝|𑘮𑘰𑘞}}
*** {{desc|omr|हथ|sclang=1|हाट|हात|हाथ}}
**** {{desc|mr|हात}}
* {{desc|inc-wes}}
** {{desctree|inc-ogu|हाथ}}
** {{desc|rom|vast}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:inc:Cowell|124}}
* {{R:inc:Pischel|215}}
* {{R:inc:Woolner|214}}
* {{R:CDIAL|hásta|14024}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始印歐語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|ine-pro|id=疑問詞根|pos=詞根}}
一些語言學家,特別是印度-烏拉爾語假說的支持者認為,它與{{cog|urj-pro|*ku-}} 相關。{{rfv-etym|ine-pro}}
===詞根===
{{ine-root}}
# {{n-g|主要[[疑問]]詞根}}
====派生詞彙====
{{rootsee}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷi-}}
** {{l|ine-pro|*kʷís||誰?什麼?}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷo-}}
** {{l|ine-pro|*kʷo-[[dʰe]]}} / {{l|ine-pro|*kʷó[[-dʰí|-dʰi]]}} / {{l|ine-pro||*kʷo-dʰey}}
*** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|}}
**** {{desc|sla-pro|*kъde|t=哪裡?}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|grk-pro|*kʷótʰi}}
**** {{desc|grc|πόθῐ|t=哪裡?去哪裡?}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|}}
**** {{desc|la|ubī|alt=(c)ubī|t=哪裡?什麼地方?}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|iir-pro|*kudʰa}}
**** {{desc|ira-pro|}}
***** {{desc|ae|𐬐𐬎𐬛𐬁|tr=kudā|t=哪裡?}}
**** {{desc|inc-pro|}}
***** {{desc|sa|कुह|t=哪裡?}}
** {{l|ine-pro||*kʷo-h₁|pos=舊離格?}}
*** {{desc|gem-pro|*hwō|t=如何|pos=工具格}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|grk-pro|*kʷō}}
**** {{desc|grc|πω}}、{{l|grc|πώ||到目前為止,曾經}}
****: {{desc|grc-ion|κω}}
*** {{desc|itc-pro|*kʷō}}
**** {{desc|la|quō|t=到哪裡;為了什麼目的,為何}} {{see desc}}
** {{l|ine-pro||*kʷo-r}}、{{l|ine-pro||*kʷóri}}
*** {{desc|gem-pro|*hwar|t=哪裡?}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|la|cur|t=為何}}、{{l|la|quirquir}}
*** {{desc|sa|कर्हि|t=何時?什麼時候?}}
*** {{desc|ine-pro||alt=*kʷoryos|der=1|nolang=1}}
**** {{desc|gem-pro|*hwarjaz|t=多個中的哪一個?}} {{see desc}}
** {{l|ine-pro|*kʷos|*kʷo-s|哪個?什麼?}}
** {{l|ine-pro|*kʷóteros|*kʷó-teros|二者中哪一個?}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷeh₂-}}
** {{l|ine-pro||*kʷeh₂lis}}
*** {{desc|grc|πηλίκος|alt='''πηλί'''-κος|t=多大?}}(有形容詞後綴 {{l|grc|-κός}} 的延伸)
*** {{desc|la|quālis|t=什麼樣的?}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷú-só-}}
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*kusa}}
*** {{desc|sq|kush|t=誰}}
** {{desc|cms|kos|t=某人}}
** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*kuse}}
*** {{desc|xto|kus}}
*** {{desc|txb|kᵤse|t=誰}}
* {{desc|ine-pro||alt=*ku, *kū|t=哪裡|unc=1|nolang=1}} {{qualifier|未預期的 {{m|ine-pro||*kʷu}};參見{{w|牧牛人規則}}}}
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*ku}}
*** {{desc|sq|ku|t=哪裡}}
** {{desc|iir-pro|*ku}}、{{l|iir-pro|*kū}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*kū}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬐𐬏|tr=kū|t=哪裡}}
*** {{desc|inc-pro|*ku}}、{{l|inc-pro|*kū}}
**** {{desc|sa|कु}}、{{m|sa|कू||哪裡?}}(亦見 {{m|sa|कुत्र|tr=kútra|t=到哪裡}})
** {{desc|ine-pro||alt=*kur|der=1|nolang=1}}
*** {{desc|sqj-pro|*kur|}}
**** {{desc|sq|kur|t=何時}}
*** {{desc|xcl|ուր|t=哪裡}}
**** {{desc|hy|ուր|t=哪裡}}
*** {{desc|bat-pro|*kur}}
**** {{desc|lv|kur|t=哪裡}}
**** {{desc|lt|kur̃}}、{{l|lt|kur||哪裡}}
* 未分類構型:
** {{desc|el-crt|ὀπυι|t=到哪裡}}
** {{desc|gem-pro|*hwilīkaz|t=什麼樣的?}} {{see desc}}
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==上古馬拉地語==
{{was fwotd|omr|2025|4月|15日}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|omr|𑘪𑘨𑘓𑘲𑘩}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|omr|pra||*𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮𑁆𑀮}},即 {{m|pra||*𑀉𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮𑁆𑀮}} 脫落詞首音的形式,{{inh+|omr|sa|उपरित्य|𑘄𑘢𑘨𑘱𑘝𑘿𑘧}} {{inc-ext|omr|lla}}。
===形容詞===
{{omr-adj|deva=वरिचिल}}
# [[外部]]的
#* {{Q|omr|Dnyaneshwar|Jñā|9|400|quote=𑘝𑘹𑘽 𑘄𑘐𑘜𑘲𑘩𑘹𑘽 𑘦𑘕 𑘎𑘨𑘿𑘦 𑙁 𑘝𑘹𑘪𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘽 𑘓𑘲 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘩𑘹𑘽 𑘕𑘡𑘿𑘦 𑙁<br/> 𑘕𑘡𑘿𑘦𑘰𑘭𑘪𑘹𑘽 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘦 𑙁 '''𑘪𑘨𑘲𑘓𑘲𑘩''' 𑘮𑘲 𑘐𑘹𑘩𑘹 𑙂|t=然而,當你將行為奉獻給我時,生死便會終止,<br/>所有因生而生起的煩惱也會消失。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mr|-}} {{xlit|mr|𑘪𑘨𑘓𑘲𑘩}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
*: {{desc|mr|वरचील<tr:->|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|𑘪𑘨𑘓𑘲𑘩<tr:->|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:omr:Tulpule|वरिचिल|624}}
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==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==巴薩語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|bsq|[xʷā]}}
===名詞===
{{head|bsq|名詞}}
# {{lb|bsq|解剖學}} [[手]]
===參考資料===
* [https://cefliberia.org/bassa/bassa-dictionary/ Bassa-English Dictionary]
* 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250124145427/https://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BSQ/bsq.html The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive]. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
==卡內拉語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ram|sai-nje-pro|*ĵwa||牙齒}} < {{inh|ram|sai-cer-pro|*jwa||牙齒}} < {{inh|ram|sai-jee-pro|*jô||牙齒}}。
===發音===
* {{ram-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{head|ram|名詞}}
# [[牙齒]]
#: {{ux|ram|Wa apu '''[[ixwa]]''' gyj.|我磨了磨'''牙齒'''。}}
#: {{ux|ram|Rop '''[[wa]]''' japrãr to mõ.|那条狗正朝前走,露出'''牙齿'''。}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|خوا}},源自{{der|rif|ar|خوى}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[清空]],[[排空]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[放棄]],[[離開]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|xwa|xwa|xwi|xekkʷa|xekkʷi}}
====派生詞彙====
* 使役:{{l|rif|sexwa|t=驱散,驱逐}}
** 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|asexwi}}
* {{l|rif|řexwa|t=空,空虛}}
* {{l|rif|ixwa|t=空的}}
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ضد
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{{also|ضدـ|صد}}
==阿拉伯語==
===詞源1.1===
源自詞根 {{ar-root|ض د د}}。可能和{{cog|he|צד|tr=tsád}} 相關。
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|ضِدّ}}
====名詞====
{{ar-noun|ضِدّ|m|pl=أَضْدَاد}}
# [[對立]]面,[[對比]]
#: {{uxa|ar|اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ|黑色是白色的'''對立面'''。}}
# [[相似]],[[相等]],[[匹配]],[[對應]]的事物
#: {{uxa|ar|لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ|在勤奮方面無人能與其匹敵。}}
# {{lb|ar|語義學}} 具有兩種[[相反]][[意義]]的詞;自反義詞
# [[反義詞]]
# [[對手]],[[敵人]]
# [[抗毒素]],[[解毒劑]],[[抗]]……
=====變格=====
{{ar-decl-noun|ضِدّ|pl=أَضْدَاد}}
=====派生語彙=====
* {{desc|az|zidd|bor=1}}
* {{desc|crh|zıt|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kdr|зыт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|jct|зыт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ota|ضد|tr=żıd, żıt|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|tr|zıt|inh=1}}
* {{desc|tt|зыт|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ug|زىت|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|zid|bor=1}}
===詞源1.2===
====發音====
* {{ar-pr|ضِدَّ}}
* {{audio|ar|Ar-ضد.ogg}}
====介詞====
{{ar-prep|ضِدَّ}}
# [[反對]],[[對著]]
=====屈折=====
{{ar-prep-auto|ضِدَّ}}
==摩洛哥阿拉伯語==
===發音===
* {{ary-IPA|ḍadd}}
===詞源1===
{{inh+|ary|ar|ضِدّ}}。
====名詞====
{{ary-noun|g=m|tr=ḍadd|pl=ضدود|pltr=ḍdūd|pl2=ضدودة|pl2tr=ḍdūda}}
# [[相反]],[[對比]]
# [[反義詞]]]
===詞源2===
{{inh+|ary|ar|ضِدَّ}}。
====介詞====
{{ary-prep|tr=ḍadd}}
# [[反對]],[[對著]]
=====屈折=====
{{ary-prep-inflection/ضد}}
==波斯語==
===詞源1===
{{bor+|fa|ar|ضِدّ}}。{{root|fa|ar|ض د د}}
====發音====
{{fa-IPA|zidd}}
====形容詞====
{{fa-regional|ضد|ضد|зид, зидд}}
{{fa-adj|tr=zedd}}
# [[相反]]的
# [[對立]]的
# [[敵手]]的;[[對手]]的
====名詞====
{{fa-regional|ضد|ضد|зид, зидд}}
{{fa-noun|tr=zedd}}
# [[相反]]
# [[對立]]
#* {{RQ:Masnavi|I|3865|که ز '''ضد'''ها '''ضد'''ها آمد پدید<br>در سویدا روشنایی آفرید|ki zi '''zidd'''-hā '''zidd'''-hā āmad padīd<br>dar suwaydā rōšanāyī afarīd|因為對立是藉著對立表現的:<br/>在(心靈的)黑色核心中,他(上帝)創造了(愛的)光。}}
# [[對手]],[[敵手]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mr|जिद्द|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pa|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|ਜਿਦ}}
*: {{desc|pa|sclang=1|tr=zid|ضد}}
===詞源2===
源自 {{m|fa|ضد|tr=zedd}} + [[ezafe]]。
====發音====
{{fa-IPA|`zidd-i}}
====介詞====
{{fa-regional|ضد|ضد|зидди}}
{{head|fa|介詞|tr=zedd-e}}
# [[反對]],[[對著]]
==南黎凡特阿拉伯語==
{{ajp-root|ض د د}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ajp|ar|ضِدّ}}。
===發音===
* {{ajp-IPA|ḍidd<p:dˤɪdˤ>}}
* {{audio|ajp|LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AdrianAbdulBaha-ضدّ.wav|a=拉馬拉}}
===介詞===
{{ajp-prep|tr=ḍidd|head=ضدّ}}
# [[反對]],[[對著]]
==烏爾都語==
{{was fwotd|ur|2025|4月|26日}}
===詞源===
{{etydate|c|1665}},形式為{{inh|ur|hi-mid|ضد|tr=zid, zidd}};後者{{bor+|ur|fa-cls|ضِدّ|nocap=1}},源自{{der|ur|ar|ضِدّ}}。和{{cog|pa|ضِدّ}} 同源。{{root|ur|ar|ض د د}}
===發音===
* {{ur-IPA|zid}}
* {{audio|ur|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-ضد.wav|a=巴基斯坦}}
* {{rhymes|ur|ɪd̪|s=1}}
===形容詞===
{{ur-adj|head=ضِد|ind=1}}
# {{lb|ur|正式}} [[相反]]的;[[對立]]的
#* {{quote-book|ur|author=ur:آنریبل سیّد امیر علی<tr:Honourable Sayyid Ameer Ali>|title=ur:رُوحِ اِسْلَام|trans-title=The Spirit of Islam|page=16-17|passage=موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین '''ضد''' تھا|translation=佛教關於人死後命運的概念與婆羅門理論完全'''相反'''。|transliteration={{xlit|ur|مَوت کے بَعْد اِنْسَان کی تَقْدِیر کے بارے میں بُدھ مَت کا جو تَصَوَّر تھا وُہ بَرْہَمی نَظَرِیوں کی عَین '''ضِد''' تھا}}|year=1987|location=[[w:拉哈爾|拉哈爾]]|url=https://www.chughtailibrary.com/digital_library/repository_detail.php?id=70042|translator=ur:محمدؐ ہادی حسین<tr:Muhammad Hadi Hussain>}}
===名詞===
{{ur-noun|f|head=ضِد}}
# [[固執]]{{gl|暗示[[自負]]或[[憤怒]]}}
#* {{quote-book|ur|author=ur:شیخ محمد عبد اللہ<tr:Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah>|title=ur:آتِشِ چِنار|page=514|passage=انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "'''ضِد''' چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"|translation=他堅持對我說:「放下你的'''固執'''。不要讓事情因這瑣事而惡化。」|transliteration={{xlit|ur|اُنْہوں نے بَڑے اِصْرَار کے ساتھ مُجھ سے کَہَا کِہ "'''ضِد''' چھوڑ دو۔ اِس مَعْمُولی بات پَر مُعَامَلات کو بِگَڑْنے نَہ دو۔"}}|year=1986|location=[[w:斯里納加爾|斯里納加爾]]|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/aatish-e-chinar-shaikh-mohammad-abdullah-ebooks|oclc=17201824}}
# [[自私]],[[自我主義]]
# [[對抗]],[[敵意]],[[對立]]
# {{lb|ur|語義學}} [[反義詞]]
====變格====
{{ur-noun-c-f|ضِدّ|zidd}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|ur
|ضِدّی<t:[[頑固]]的><pos:a>
|ضِد کَرْنا<t:[[固執]];[[執著]]><pos:v>
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ur:UDB|w=148385}}
* {{R:ur:Rekhta}}
* {{R:ur:Qureshi}}
* {{R:Platts|pg=748}}
* {{R:Fallon|pg=835}}
* {{R:ur:Shakespear}}
{{C|ur|語義學}}
hwrq3cgtpqak2s5s2pnbesjibimlrxo
𑘄𑘡𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘯𑘰
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==馬拉地語==
===名詞===
{{mr-noun|g=m}}
# {{mr-sc|t=夏季}}
==上古馬拉地語==
{{was fwotd|omr|2025|5月|2日}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|omr|inc-apa|उन्हाल}}、{{m|inc-apa|उण्हाल}} {{inc-ext|omr|ka}},{{inh+|omr|sa|उष्णकाल|𑘄𑘬𑘿𑘜𑘎𑘰𑘩}}。
===名詞===
{{omr-noun|ad=1|g=m}}{{ref|{{R:omr:Tulpule|page=301}}}}
# [[夏天]],[[炎熱]]的[[季節]]
#* {{Q|omr|Dnyaneshwar|Jñā|13|346|transauthor=Vittal Ganesh Pradhan|transyear=1948|quote='''𑘄𑘡𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘯𑘹𑘡𑘲''' 𑘕𑘻 𑘡 𑘝𑘢𑘹 𑙁 𑘮𑘹𑘦𑘪𑘽𑘝𑘲𑘽 𑘡 𑘎𑘽𑘢𑘹 𑙁</br>𑘎𑘰𑘃𑘭𑘹𑘧𑘰 𑘮𑘲 𑘡 𑘪𑘰𑘭𑘲𑘢𑘹 𑙁 𑘢𑘰𑘝𑘩𑘹𑘧𑘰𑘽 𑙂𑙓𑙔𑙖𑙂|t=346. 他不因'''熾熱'''而灼傷,也不因寒冷而顫抖;</br>他無所畏懼。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mr|alt={{xlit|mr|उन्हाळा}}}}
*: {{desc|mr|उन्हाळा<tr:->|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|mr|𑘄𑘡𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘯𑘰<tr:->|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{c|omr|季節}}
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neglectus
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==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|neglēctus}}
===分詞===
{{la-part|neglēctus}}
# {{infl of|la|neglegō||perf|pass|part}}
#* {{Q|la|Ovid|Fasti|2|518|quote='''neglēctus''' dominō pauca ferēbat ager.|trans=这块田由于主人'''疏于照料''',收成很少。}}
====變格====
{{la-adecl|neglēctus}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|la|omissus}}
===名詞===
{{la-noun|neglēctus<4>}}
# [[忽視]]
====變格====
{{la-ndecl|neglēctus<4>}}
===派生語彙===
* {{desc|it|negetta|t=痛苦}} {{qualifier|馬爾凱}}
* {{desc|oc|nalech|t=錯誤}}
* {{desc|roa-oit|neghietto}} {{desc|roa-oit|neghiettire|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|it|neghittoso|der=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
* {{R:REW|nĕglēctus|435}}
* http://tlio.ovi.cnr.it/TLIO/index.php?vox=038776.htm
tfjafriqufqiql5uqwf8l165wpmndrg
Γεώργιος
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==古希臘語==
{{zh-wp|zh:喬治}}
===詞源===
源自 {{af|grc|γεωργός|t1=農夫|-ιος}}。
===發音===
{{grc-IPA|Γεώργῐος}}
===專有名詞===
{{grc-proper noun|head=Γεώργῐος|Γεωργῐ́ου|m|second}}
# {{given name|grc|男性|eq=George}}
====屈折====
{{grc-decl|Γεώργῐος|ου|form=MS}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|grc|Γεωργία}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|el|Γεώργιος|Γιώργος|Γιώργης}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sq|Gjergj}}
* {{desc|bor=1|am|ጊዮርጊስ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ar|جَاوُرْجِيُوس|جُرْجُس|جُورْج}}
* {{desctree|bor=1|xcl|Գէորգ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|az|Georgi|Gürc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|gez|ጊዮርጊስ}} (Giyorgis)
* {{desctree|bor=1|oge|გიორგი}}
* {{desc|bor=1|he|גאורגיוס|tr=Geʼorgiyos}}
* {{desc|bor=1|la|Geōrgius}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ms|Jurjis}}
* {{desc|bor=1|syc|ܓܹܝܘܲܪܓܝܼܣ}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cu|Геѡргеи}}
** {{desc|bg|Георги}}
** {{desc|mk|Ѓорѓија|Ѓоргија|Ѓорги|Георгија}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
*** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Ђорђе|Ђypaђ|Ђypо}}
*** {{desc|sclang=1|sh|Đorđe|Đurađ|Đuro}}
** {{desc|bor=1|ro|Gheorghe}}
* {{desc|bor=1|orv|Георгий}}
** {{desc|ru|Егор}}、{{desctree|notext=1|bor=1|ru|Георгий}}
** {{desc|der=1|orv|Гюрги}}
*** {{desc|ru|Юрий}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desctree|uk|Юрій}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ti|ጊዮርጊስ}}
{{bottom}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:DGE}}
==希臘語==
{{anchor|alt_el}}
===其他形式===
* {{alter|el|Γιώργιος}} {{qualifier|罕見的錯誤結構}}
* {{alter|el|Γιώργος}} {{qualifier|標準、非正式而最常見}}
* {{alter|el|Γιώργης|Γιωργής}} {{qualifier|親切}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|el|/ʝeˈoɾ.ʝi.os/}}
* {{hyphenation|el|Γε|ώρ|γι|ος}}
===專有名詞===
{{el-noun-proper|m}}
# {{lb|el|正式}} {{given name|el|男性|eq=George|addl=主要用於身分證和官方文件}}
#: 標準用法:{{l|el|Γιώργος}}
====變格====
{{el-nM-ος-3b|Γεώργι|Γεωργί|note=屬格亦可作 [[Γεώργιου]]。}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|el
| Γεωργία<t:格魯吉亞/喬治亞><g:f>
| Γιωργάκης<pos:[[Γιώργος]] 的指小><g:m>
| Γιωργία<t:格魯吉亞/喬治亞><g:f>
| Γιώργαινα<t:wife of [[Γιώργος]]><g:f>
| Γιώργος<t:喬治><g:m>
| Γιώργης<g:m><qq:亦參見[[#alt_el|其他形式]]>
}}
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attingo
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==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|^ì}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|attingere||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aginott|Angotti|gattino|gattoni}}
==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|adtingō}}
===詞源===
{{etymon|la|:af|id=touchold|ad-<id:到>|tangō<id:觸>}}
{{root|la|ine-pro|*teh₂g-|id=觸}}
源自 {{af|la|ad-|tangō<t:觸摸>}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|attingō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|3|attingō|attig|attāct}}
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[接觸]],[[觸摸]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[攻擊]],[[襲擊]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[品嘗]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[接近]],[[到達]],[[抵達]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[靠近]],[[毗鄰]],與……[[接壤]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[觸及]],[[影響]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} 稍微[[提及]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[著手]],[[從事]]
# {{lb|la|及物}} [[類似]];[[屬於]],與……[[相關]]、[[有關]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|3|attingō|attig|attāct}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|attāctus}}
* {{l|la|attiguus}}
* {{l|la|attingēns}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|la|contingō}}
* {{l|la|obtingō}}
* {{l|la|pertingō}}
* {{l|la|tangō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|eo|atingi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|atanguer|atinxir}}
* {{desc|io|bor=1|atingar}}
* {{desc|it|attingere}}
* {{desctree|fro|ataindre}}
* {{desc|pro}}
** {{desc|oc|aténher}}
** {{desc|ca|atènyer}}
* {{desc|pt|atingir|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|atinge|atingere}}
* {{desc|es|atañer}}、{{desc|es|nolang=1|lbor=1|atingir}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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exstirpo
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==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|la|extirpō}}
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|la|ex-|stirps|-ō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|exstirpō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|exstirpō}}
# [[連根拔起]]
#: {{syn|la|ērādīcō}}
# [[根除]],[[消滅]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|exstirpō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ca|extirpar|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|en|extirpate|extirp|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|frp|ètèrpar|inh=1}};{{desc|nolang=1|frp|èxtirpar|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|étréper|inh=1}};{{desc|nolang=1|fr|extirper|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|extirpar|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|it|estirpare|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|extirpar|lbor=1}}
* {{desc|es|extirpar|lbor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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allevio
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{{also|alleviò}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|allèvio}}
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|alleviare||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=aeillov|alivole|allievo|alveoli}}
==拉丁語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|la|adleviō}}
===詞源===
源自 {{af|la|ad-|levis|-iō|t2=輕的|pos3=使役動詞後綴}}。見於晚期拉丁語。對照無前綴的 {{m|la|leviō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|alleviō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|alleviō}}
# 使變[[輕]]
#: {{syn|la|levigō|levō}}
#: {{ant|la|dūrō|obdūrō}}
# {{lb|la|比喻}} [[緩解]],[[減輕]]
#: {{syn|la|domō|lēniō|sōpiō|sēdō|dēlēniō|mītigō|mānsuēscō|mānsuētō|mānsuēfaciō|permulceō|plācō|restinguō|compōnō|commītigō|levō|ēlevō|allevō|molliō|coerceō}}
#: {{ant|la|sollicitō|excitō|īnstīgō|īnstinguō|efferō|exciō|perpellō|concieō|concitō|īnflammō|cieō|incendō}}
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|alleviō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|alleviātus}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
;繼承詞
* 義大利-羅曼語支:
** 托斯卡納方言:{{desc|it|allebbiare|nolang=1}} {{qualifier|比薩}}
*** {{desc|sc|allebiare|bor=1}}
* 北高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|fro|alegier}}
*** {{desc|fr|alléger}}
*** {{desc|en|alegge|bor=1}} {{qualifier|棄用}}
*** {{desc|it|alleggiare|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|pt|alijar|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|es|alijar|bor=1}}
* 南高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|alleujar}}
** {{desc|oc|aleujar}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|roa-opt|}}
*** {{desc|gl|aliviar|aluviar}}
*** {{desc|pt|aliviar}}
** {{desc|osp|alliviar|aliviar}}
*** {{desc|es|aliviar}}
* 借詞
** {{desc|en|alleviate|bor=1}}
** {{desc|it|alleviare|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:Olivetti}}
* {{R:FEW|24|331|alleviare}}
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მაგრამ
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==格魯吉亞語==
===詞源===
最终源自{{der|ka|fa|مگر|tr=magar}}。類似於{{cog|oge|მაგრა}}。
===發音===
* {{ka-IPA}}
* {{ka-hyphen}}
===連詞===
{{head|ka|連詞}}
# [[但是]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|hy|bor=1|մագրամ|ll=տփ}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ka:Shanidze:1980|page=606}}
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𑀘𑀁𑀤𑀺𑀆
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pra|sa|चन्द्रिका}}。同源詞包括{{cog|pi|candikā}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=f}}
# [[月光]]
#: {{syn|pra|𑀘𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀸𑀅𑀯|𑀚𑁄𑀇𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀸|𑀓𑁄𑀫𑀼𑀈}}
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|f}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|bn|চাঁদি}}
* {{desc|bho|𑂒𑂰𑂢𑂲}}
* {{desc|gu|ચાંદી}}
* {{desc|inc-hnd|-}}
*: {{desc|hi|चाँदी|चांदी}}
*: {{desc|ur|چان٘دی|چانْدی}}
* {{desc|mag|𑂒𑂰𑂢𑂲}}
* {{desc|mr|चांदी}}
* {{desc|phr|چاندی}}
* {{desc|pa|-}} cāndī
*: {{desc|pa|tr=-|sclang=1|ਚਾਂਦੀ}}
*: {{desc|pa|tr=-|sclang=1|چاندی}}
* {{desc|sd|-}}
*: {{desc|sd|چانديِ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sd|चांदी|sclang=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:pra:Sheth||314}}
* {{R:CDIAL|candrikā|hw=1|page=253}}
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پاشا
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==馬贊德蘭語==
===專有名詞===
{{head|mzn|專有名詞|tr=Pâšâ}}
# {{given name|mzn|男性}}
==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|باشه|tr=başa}}
===詞源===
源自 {{m|ota|باش|tr=baş|t=頭}} + {{m|ota|آغا|tr=ağa|t=主人}},或源自{{der|ota|fa|پادشاه|t=帕迪沙阿,國王|tr=pâdšâh}}。<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', s.v. "pasha".</ref>語義發展可對照棄用詞 {{m|ota|باش آغا}}/{{m|ota|باشه}}<ref>{{R:ota:Redhouse|page=326}}</ref>和{{cog|kk|басеке||主人;領導者}}。
===名詞===
{{ota-noun|tr=paşa}}
# [[帕夏]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|ota|پاشالق|tr=paşalık}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desctree|tr|paşa}}
* {{desc|ar|بَاشَا|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|pasha|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|pacha|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Pascha|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|πασάς|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hu|pasa|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|pascià|bor=1}}
* {{desc|kk|паша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mk|паша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|axm|փաշայ|bor=1}}
** {{desc|hy|փաշա}}
* {{desc|fa|پاشا|bor=1|tr=pâšâ}}
** → 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|पाशा}}
**: {{desc|ur|پاشا|tr=pāśā}}
* {{desc|pl|pasza|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|paxá|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|паша́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|sh|-}}
*: {{desc|sh|па̏ша|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|pȁša|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|es|pachá|bajá}}
* {{desc|tt|паша|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|паша́|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uz|posho|bor=1}}
* {{desc|yi|פּאַשאַ|bor=1}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
* https://books.google.com/books?id=H5VFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA253
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=434}}
==維吾爾語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|ug|fa|پشه|tr=paše|t=蚊子}}。
===專有名詞===
{{head|ug|專有名詞}}
# {{given name|ug|女性}}
===名詞===
{{ug-noun}}
# [[蚊子]]
lk4bgumur7lzp9cutn8yl6ma0dthr8m
شمندوفر
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
{{was fwotd|ota|2025|6月|21日}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|ota|شمندفر<tr:şümendefer, şömendefer, şimendefer, şemendefer, şümendifer, şömendifer, şimendifer, şemendifer>}}
* {{alt|ota|شمندیفر<tr:şümendifer, şömendifer, şimendifer, şemendifer>}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|ota|fr|chemin de fer}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=şümendüfer, şömendüfer, şimendüfer, şemendüfer}}
# [[鐵路]](泛指[[軌道]]、管理鐵道的[[機構]]或[[火車]])
#* {{quote-book|ota|title=ota:ادارهٔ حرب و سیاست<tr:Idare-i harb ve siyaset>|lang2=de|newversion=translation of|year2=1922|location2=Berlin|title2=Kriegsführung und Politik|2ndauthor=w:en:Erich Ludendorff|publisher2=E. S. Mittler & Sohn|location=Istanbul|year=1922|publisher=ota:مطبعهٔ عثمانیه|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.aa0006749931&view=1up&seq=182 176], originally [https://archive.org/details/kriegfhrungund00lude/page/199 199]|passage=شرقی غالیچیا، و بوقوونیاده '''شمندوفر''' نقاباتی تأسس ایتدكدن صكره شرقده صلحی تأمین ایچون دینیهستر نهری جنوبندن روس — رومن جبههسنه قارشو حربه دوام ایتمك فكرندن فراغت ایتمك لازمكلیورایدی. بر قصقاچ تأثیری یاپهبیلمك ایچون بری قلاص غربندن یوقارهسهرهت اوزرینه و دیكری دینیهستر جنوبندن اولمق اوزره مضاعف بر تعرض اجراسی لازمكلیور ایده.|tr=Şarki Galiçya, ve Bukovinyada '''şömendüfer''' nakabatı tesis itdikden soñra şarkda sulhı temin içün Dinyester nehri cenubundan rus-rumen cebhesine karşu harbe devam itmek fikrinden feragat itmek lazım geliyor idi. Bir kıskaç tesiri yapabilmek içün biri Kalas garbından yukara-yı Seret üzerine ve diğeri Dinyester cenubundan olmak üzere muzaaf bir taarruz icrası lazım geliyor idi.|origtext=de:Unsere weitere Absicht, nach Herstellung der '''Eisenbahn'''verbindungen in Ostgalizien und in der Bukowina zur Erzwingung des Friedens im Osten den Feldzug gegen die russisch-rumänische Front südlich des Dnjestr fortzusetzen, mußte aufgegeben werden. Er sollte in einem doppelten Angriff über den oberen Sereth westlich Galatz und hart südlich des Dnjestr bestehen und auch zangenartig wirken.|t=我們進一步的意圖,即在東加利西亞和布科維納建立'''鐵路'''連接後,為在東方強制和平而繼續對德涅斯特河南部的俄羅馬尼亞前線進行軍事行動,必須被放棄。這應該包括對加拉茨西部的上塞雷特河以及德涅斯特河以南的雙重攻擊,並像鉗子一樣發揮作用。}}
#* {{RQ:Ataturk Nutuk 1927|page=502|passage=عثمانلی دولتی ، كندیسنی تأسیس ایدن ، عنصر اصلینك ، تورك ملتنك انسانجه یشامسنی تأمین ایدهجك اسبابهده توسلدن منع ایدلمشدی ؛ مملكتی اعمار ایدمز ، '''شمندوفر''' یاپدیرهمز ، حته مكتب یاپدیرمقده سربست دكلدی ؛ بو كبی احوالده درحال اجانب مداخله ایدردی؛ بو كبی احوالده درحال اجانب مداخله ایدردی.|tr=Osmanlı Devleti, kendisini te'sis eden, unsur asilinin, Türk milletinin; insanca yaşamasını temin edecek esbaba da tevessüldan men edilmişti; memleketi imar edemez, '''şimendifer''' yaptıramaz, hatta mekteb yaptırmakta serbest değildi; bu gibi ahvalde derhal ecanib müdahale ederdi.|translation=鄂圖曼國家被阻止採用能確保建立它的主要元素——土耳其民族——人道生活的手段;它不能發展國家,不能建造'''鐵路''',甚至在建造學校方面都不自由;在這種情況下,外國人會立即干預。}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|şimendifer<l:古舊>|alts=1}}
{{C|ota|鐵路運輸}}
mzmze4xhzsa2xdd7eacl58jehp6sp4l
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==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|delectar}}
==因特語==
===名詞===
{{ia-noun}}
# [[高興]],[[愉悅]]
==拉丁語==
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|dēlectō}}
===詞源1===
{{m|la|dēliciō}} 的反復形,或可能源自 {{affix|la|dē-|lactō|id2=奉承}}。
====動詞====
{{la-verb|1+|dēlectō}}
# 使感到[[高興]]、[[愉悅]]、[[著迷]](+ 賓格:感到高興/愉悅的人)
#: {{syn|la|fruor|congrātulor|exhilarō|permulceō|iuvō}}
=====變位=====
{{la-conj|1+|dēlectō}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|la|dēlectābilis}}
* {{l|la|dēlectāmentum}}
* {{l|la|dēlectātiō}}
=====派生語彙=====
{{top4}}
* {{desc|ca|delitar}}、{{desc|ca|delectar|lbor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|co|dilettà}}
* {{desc|en|delight}}
* {{desc|ext|deleitar}}
* {{desc|gl|deleitar}}
* {{desc|it|dilettare}}
* {{desc|lij|deliçiâ}}
* {{desc|enm|deliten}}
* {{desc|oc|deleichar}}
* {{desc|fro|delitier|deliter}}
** {{desc|frm|deliter}}
*** {{desc|fr|délecter}}
* {{desc|roa-opt|deleitar}}
** {{desc|pt|deleitar}}
* {{desc|osp|deleitar}}
** {{desc|es|deleitar}}
* {{desc|pms|dileté}}
* {{desc|ro|delecta}}
* {{desc|pl|delektować|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===詞源2===
{{nonlemma}}
====分詞====
{{head|la|分詞變格形|head=dēlēctō}}
# {{inflection of|la|dēlēctus||dat//abl|m//n|s}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:la:M&A}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=21}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|px=pt:cyor4 huei3 sua1/xy:cya4 huei3 suann1
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|莆仙語}} [[山林]][[失火]]
====近義詞====
* {{zh-l|林火}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:cpx:PHDS|125}}
{{C|zh|火}}
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suffix|la|palea|āris|gloss1=chaff}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|paleāris}}
===形容詞===
{{la-adj|paleāris}}
# Of or pertaining to [[chaff]].
====變格====
{{la-adecl|paleāris}}
====近義詞====
* {{sense|of or pertaining to chaff}} {{l|la|paleālis}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|la
|palea
|paleālis
|palear
|paleārium
|paleātus
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|ca|pallar}}、{{desc|ca|Pallars|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|fr|pailler}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|tameǧaḥt}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|مْلَح|tr=mlaḥ|t=鹽}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# [[鹽]]
{{c|rif|調味料}}
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tameǧaḥt
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|rmreḥ|tameddaḥt|tamellaḥt}}
===詞源1===
{{bor+|rif|ary|ملح|tr=mlaḥ|t=鹽}}。
====名詞====
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# {{c|rif|調味料}} [[鹽]]
=====變格=====
{{rif-infl-noun|tmeǧaḥt}}
===詞源2===
====形容詞====
{{rif-head|形容詞變格形}}
# {{feminine of|rif|ameǧaḥ}}:[[鹹]]的,有[[鹽]]味的
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{{#invoke:ber-utilities|noun_infl_table
|lang=rif
|pl_only={{{pl|}}}
|sg_annexed={{#ifeq:{{{pl|}}}|1|{{{2|}}}|{{{gp|{{{1|}}}}}}}}
|pl_free={{{np|{{{2|}}}}}}
|pl_annexed={{#ifeq:{{{pl|}}}|1|{{{1|}}}|{{{gp|{{{3|}}}}}}}}
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:里菲安語名詞屈折表模板]]</noinclude>
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ameǧaḥ
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|abeǧaḥ}}
===詞源===
源自早期的 {{l|rif|amellaḥ}},{{bor+|rif|ary|مالح|tr=māliḥ}}。
===形容詞===
{{rif-head|形容詞|pl=imeǧaḥen|f=tameǧaḥt}}
# [[鹹]]的,有[[鹽]]味的
#: {{ux|rif|aman d '''imeǧaḥen'''|translation='''鹹'''水。}}
====屈折====
{{rif-infl-adj|meǧaḥ}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|rif|mřeḥ|t=鹹,帶有鹹味}}
{{c|rif|味覺}}
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==梵語==
===詞源===
由其眾多異體來看,可能是{{bor|sa|qfa-sub}}借詞;可能與{{m|sa|मण्डल}}、{{m|sa|मण्ड}}有關,和/或受到避諱語的影響。
===發音===
{{sa-IPA|a=2}}
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m|tr=maṇḍū́ka}}
# [[蛙]]
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m|maṇḍū́ka}}
====派生語彙====
* 達爾德語支:
** {{desc|ks|مۄنٛڈُکھ|مٲن}}
* {{desc|pra-mag}}
** {{desc|or|ମଣ୍ଡୁକ}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀽𑀓}}
** {{desc|mr|बेडूक}}
** {{desc|kok|tr=māṇḍūk}}
*** {{desc|pt|manduco|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓}}
** {{desc|gu|મેંડક|મેડક}}
** 印度斯坦語:
**: {{desc|hi|मेंढक}}
**: {{desc|ur|مینڈک|tr=meṇḍak}}
** {{desc|pa|-}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਮੇਡਕ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pi|maṇḍūka}}
{{C|sa|蛙}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|سكويلة|tr=sakwīla}},源自{{der|rif|es|escuela}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=ssekwilat}}
# [[學校]]
#: {{syn|rif|lmedraṣa|tamziyda}}
{{c|rif|建築|教育}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|مدرسة|tr=madrasa}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=lmadaris}}
# [[學校]]
#: {{syn|rif|ssekwila|tamziyda}}
{{c|rif|建築|教育}}
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tamziyda
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|tamzida}}
* {{alter|rif|tamzgida||西里菲安語}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|-}},借自{{der|rif|arc|𐡌𐡎𐡂𐡃𐡀}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=timzidawin}}
# [[清真寺]]
# [[學校]]
#: {{syn|rif|lmedraṣa|ssekwila}}
====變格====
{{rif-infl-noun|tmziyda|timzidawin|tmzidawin}}
{{c|rif|建築|教育|宗教}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|sla-pro|*bьzděti}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*p(e)sdḗˀtei}}、{{m|ine-bsl-pro|*b(e)sdḗˀtei}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*pesd-}}。同源詞包括{{cog|lv|bzdêt}}、{{cog|lt|bezdė́ti}}、{{cog|grc|βδέω}}、{{cog|la|pēdō}} 等。
===動詞===
{{sla-verb|a=impf}}
# [[放屁]]
====變位====
{{sla-conj|impf-intr|-1|-i}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|*бьздѣти}}
*** {{desctree|zle-ort|*бздѣ́ти}}
*** {{desc|ru|бздеть}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|bg|пъздя́|бъздя́|qq=方言}}
** {{desc|mk|базди}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|ба̀здети|ба̀здјети}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|bàzdeti|bàzdjeti}}
** {{desc|sl|pezdéti}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desctree|zlw-ocs|pzdieti}}
** {{desc|pl|bździeć|bździć}}
** {{desc|szl|bździeć}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|bzdzëc}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|bzdzêc}}
** {{desc|sk|bzdieť}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|bźeś}}
*** {{desc|hsb|bzdeć}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sla:SP|bьzděti, pьzděti|487|1}}
* {{R:sla:EDSIL|431|*pьzděti}}
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|бздеть}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sla-pro|*sъ-|*na|*bъděti|t3=保持清醒,照顧}}。
===動詞===
{{sla-verb|a=pf|impf=*sъnabъďati}}
# [[供給]],[[照顧]]
====變位====
{{sla-conj|pf|-1|-i}}
====派生語彙====
* 教會斯拉夫語:{{l|cu|сънабъдѣти}} (俄羅斯)
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|ru|снабди́ть}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 古教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|сънабъдѣти}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|}}
** {{desc|bg|снабдя̀вам}}
** {{desc|mk|снабдува}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|сна̀бдети|sclang=1}}、{{l|sh|сна̀бдјети}}
**: 拉丁語:{{l|sh|snàbdeti}}、{{l|sh|snàbdjeti}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|snábděti}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|снабдить}}
[[en:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъnabъděti]]
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ustulo
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==拉丁語==
===詞源===
可能源自 ''*ustulus''(“輕微燒焦”)+ {{af|la|-ō}},源自 {{af|la|ustus|-ulus|pos1={{m|la|ūrō||燒}} 的完成時被動分詞|pos2=指小後綴}}。對照指小分詞 {{m|la|acūtulus}} 和 {{m|la|pressulus}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ustulō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|ustulō}}
# [[燒焦]]
# [[燒毀]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|ustulō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|*prustulō}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|la|*brustulō|*brustlō|*brūlō|qq=原始羅曼語}}
** {{desc|nolang=1|la|*brusiō|qq=原始羅曼語|der=1}}
* {{l|la|sēmustulō}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|la
|ūrō
|ustīcius
|ustiō
|ustor
|ustrīna
|ustūra
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|rup|ustur|alt=ustur, usturari}}
* {{desc|en|ustulate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|it|ustolare}}
* {{desc|fro|usler|uiller|brusler}} {{qualifier|部分}}
** {{desc|frm|brusler}} {{qualifier|部分}}
*** {{desc|fr|brûler}} {{qualifier|部分}}
* {{desc|pt|ustular}}
* {{desc|ro|ustura|alt=ustura, usturare}}
* {{desc|ca|ustori|der=1}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:NLW}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|ustular}}
4to6qyl654ki4ickhw49t9ljoro0owl
دایی
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==鄂圖曼土耳其語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|ota|دای|tr1=dayı|طایی|tr2=dayı}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|ota|trk-pro|*tāy}}、{{m|trk-pro|*dāj||舅舅}};與{{cog|otk|tr=tay, tagay}}、{{cog|az|dayı}}、{{cog|ky|тай}}、{{cog|alt|таай}}、{{cog|tk|daýy}}、{{cog|sah|таай}}同源。類似於{{cog|fa|دایی|tr=dâyi}}、{{m|fa|تغایی|tr=taġāyī}},這兩者均借自突厥語。
===名詞===
{{head|ota|名詞|tr=dayı|定賓格|داییی|複數|داییلر|f1tr=dayıyı|f2tr=dayılar}}
# [[舅舅]]
#: {{syn|ota|خال|tr=hal|ll=書面}}
# {{lb|ota|historical}} [[迪伊]]{{gl|鄂圖曼阿爾及利亞省和的黎波里塔尼亞省代理統治者的頭銜}}
====同類詞彙====
{{col3|ota
|تیزه<tr:teyze><t:阿姨,姨媽>
|خاله<tr:hala><t:姑姑>
|عموجه<tr:ʼamuca><t:叔叔,伯伯>
}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col2|ota
|قبا دایی<tr:kaba dayı><t:惡霸>
}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|tr|dayı}}
* {{desc|sq|dajë|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|տայի|դայի|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|dey|bor=1}}
* {{desc|lzz|დაჲი|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|да̀иџа|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|dàidža|sclang=1}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ota:BdM|دای|vol=I|page=729}}
* {{R:tr:OTK|dayı3|vol=1|page=1119}}
* {{R:ota:Hindoglu|page=219a}}
* {{R:ota:Kelekian|page=565}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|C|column=110|Avunculus}}
* {{R:ota:Meninski|T|column=2019}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|dayı}}
* {{R:ota:Redhouse|page=887}}
{{C|ota|男性家庭成員}}
==波斯語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|fa|دائی|tr=dâ'i|دای|tr2=dây}}
===詞源===
借自{{bor|fa|trk}};對比{{cog|tr|dayı}}、{{cog|az|dayı}}。<ref>{{R:fa:TMN|vol=I|section=1176|page=196}}</ref><ref>{{R:fa:FRZF|vol=II|page=1264}}</ref>
===發音===
{{fa-IPA|ir=dā`yī}}
* {{audio|fa|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Afsham23-دایی.wav|a=Iran}}
===名詞===
{{fa-regional|ماما|دایی|тағо}}
{{fa-noun|tr=dâyi}}
# {{lb|fa|chiefly|Iran}} [[舅舅]]
#: {{syn|fa|ماما|tr=mâmâ|q=達利語}}
#: {{cot|fa|عمو|tr1='amu|کاکا|tr2=kâkâ|کاکو|tr3=kâko|}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|klj|dâyı|bor=1}}
===參見===
* {{l|fa|عمه|tr='amme|t=姑姑}}
* {{l|fa|خاله|tr=xâle|t=阿姨,姨媽}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:Dehkhoda|دایی}}
{{C|fa|男性家庭成員}}
s0y3jgll7kz3uzx6bocsjvk76c8vz6p
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==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|taɣenjayt||西里菲安語}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|la|congius}}。<ref>Chaker (2024) ''Diachronie berbère: linguistique historique et libyque.'' Page 87, Presses universitaires de Provence</ref>
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=tiɣenjayin|m=aɣenja}}
# [[湯匙]],[[勺子]]
====變格====
{{rif-infl-noun|tɣenjact|tiɣenjayin|tɣenjayin}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{c|rif|廚具|餐具}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|la|congius}}。<ref>Chaker (2024) ''Diachronie berbère: linguistique historique et libyque.'' Page 87, Presses universitaires de Provence</ref>
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iɣenjayn|dim=taɣenjact}}
# 大[[湯匙]],大[[勺]]
# 廚房[[長柄勺]]
====變格====
{{rif-infl-noun|uɣenja|iɣenjayen|yiɣenjayn}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{c|rif|廚具|餐具}}
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==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|التنين|tr=t-tnīn}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m}}
# [[星期一]]
#: {{ux|rif|Nnhar n '''ǧtnayen'''.|translation='''星期一'''(這天)}}
{{c|rif|星期名稱}}
3cwuryh8vq97k9zxwzfbt0d6pqtj13i
Reconstruction:原始斯拉夫語/lъžь
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*lugis}},源自{{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*h₂lewgʰ-}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f}}
# [[謊言]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|lъžь|stem=i|g=f}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|ru|ложь}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|лъжь}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|лаж}}
**: {{desc|sclang=1|sh|laž}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|lȃž}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|lež}}
*** {{desc|cs|lež}}
** {{desc|pl|łeż|qq=棄用}}
** {{desc|sk|lož}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|ложь}}
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{{auto cat}}
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awi
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{{also|awí|Awi}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==阿德尼亞馬塔納語==
===名詞===
{{head|adt|名詞}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
* ''Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method'' (2004, {{ISBN|9027295115}}
==賈瑪瑪蒂語==
===名詞===
{{head|jaa|名詞}}
# {{lb|jaa|Banawá}} [[貘]]
===參考資料===
* 2007. [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BNH/bnh.html The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive]. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
{{C|jaa|奇蹄動物}}
==卡拉莫瓊語==
===名詞===
{{head|kdj|名詞}}
# [[畜欄]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:Logiro and Ilukori 2007}}
==中古英語==
===副詞===
{{head|enm|副詞}}
# {{alternative form of|enm|awey}}
==普卡普卡語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|pkp|poz-pol-pro|*afi}},{{inh+|pkp|poz-oce-pro|*api}},{{inh+|pkp|poz-pro|*hapuy}},{{inh+|pkp|map-pro|*Sapuy||火}}。
===名詞===
{{head|pkp|名詞}}
# [[火]]
#: {{ux|pkp|Tutu te '''awi''' kē mumula nā kainga.|點'''火'''燒垃圾。}}
===延伸閱讀===
* [http://pukapuka.world/dictionary/ Te Pukamuna | Pukapuka Dictionary]
==巽他語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|su}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|su|/ʔaˈwi/}}
* {{audio|su|LL-Q34002 (sun)-Raflinoer32-awi.wav}}
===名詞===
{{head|su|名詞|巽他文|ᮙᮧᮊᮣ}}
# [[竹子]]
#: {{syn|su|haur}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:KSun1985}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[拿]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[嫁]],[[娶]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[沒收]];[[篡奪]]
# {{lb|rif|不及物|+ '''{{m|rif|di}}'''}} [[攻擊]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|di}}'''}} 對……[[感興趣]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|d}}'''}} [[帶來]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|d}}'''}} [[獲得]],[[得到]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|d}}'''}} [[購買]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|d}}'''}} [[類似]]
# {{lb|rif|及物|+ '''{{m|rif|d}}'''}} [[似乎]]
====用法說明====
使用附着词 -{{l|rif|d}} 会改变动词的含义。它将动作指向说话者当时所在的地方。
====變位====
{{rif-conj|awey|iwey|iwiy|ttawey|ttiwey}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|rif|away|t=洪水,氾濫}}
==吐火羅語B==
===詞源===
{{inh+|txb|ine-pro|*h₂ówis}}。對照{{cog|sa|अवि}}。
===名詞===
{{head|txb|名詞|斜格複數}}
# [[母羊]]
==雅加語==
===名詞===
{{head|yag|名詞}}
# [[石頭]]
====近義詞====
* [[aiya]]
==約拉語==
===副詞===
{{head|yol|副詞}}
# {{alt form|yol|awye}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1927|chapter=ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS|line=6|page=129|title=THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD|passage=An '''awi''' gome her egges wi a wheel an car taape,|translation=她的蛋也飞走了,车子也翻倒了。}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1927|chapter=YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH|line=3|page=132|title=THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD|passage=Thaay paaced '''awi''' up to tha Cross o Shad|translation=他们走向沙德十字架,}}
#* {{quote-book|yol|year=1927|chapter=PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN|line=16|page=133|title=THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD|passage=An pranced '''awi''' to jigges an to reels.|translation=并随着吉格舞和里尔舞曲欢快地跳起舞来。}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Browne 1927|page=129}}
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bda
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{{also|BDA}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==迪馬薩語==
===名詞===
{{head|dis|名詞}}
# [[哥哥]]
#: {{ux|dis|inline=y|ani '''bda'''|我的'''哥哥'''}}
{{C|dis|家庭}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|بدا|tr=bdā}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[開始]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|bda|bda|bdi|bedda|beddi}}
====派生詞彙====
* 使役:{{l|rif|sebda|t=使開始}}
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|beddu|t=開始}}
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arr
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{{also|ARR|ärr|árr|arr.}}
==跨語言==
===詞源===
{{der|mul|en|'''Ar'''a'''r'''a}} {{abbrev|mul|-}}。
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==英語==
===詞源1===
{{etymid|en|縮寫}}
縮寫。
====其他形式====
* {{alter|en|arr.}}
====名詞====
{{en-noun|?}}
# {{abbreviation of|en|arrival|t=到達,抵達}}
====名詞====
{{en-noun}}
# {{abbreviation of|en|arrondissement|t=區|pos=行政區劃}}
===詞源2===
{{etymid|en|可能來自aye}}
[[File:Marks, J.L. - theatrical portrait - Mr C. Pitt as The Bloodhound of the Bay - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|演員 C. Pitt 的海盜“Bloodhound of the Bay”(海灣獵犬)扮相,由19世紀畫家 John Lewis Marks 所繪製。在人們的刻板印象中,海盜常使用感嘆詞“arr!”]]
可能源自 {{m|en|aye}}。
作為對海盜的模仿,出自英語[[w:en:West Country English|西郡方言]]。演員{{w|lang=en|Robert Newton|羅伯特·牛頓}} (1905–1956) 在1950年電影《[[w:en:Treasure Island (1950 film)|金銀島]]》和1952年海盜《{{w|lang=en|Blackbeard the Pirate|海盜黑鬍子}}》分別扮演了虛構海盜{{w|約翰·西爾弗}}和歷史上確有其人的海盜{{w|黑鬍子}},他使用了西郡方言,而恰好黑鬍子也是西郡人。<ref>{{cite-book|author=Peter Grego|chapter=‘Aharrr, Jim Lad!’|title=Cornwall's Strangest Tales: Extraordinary but True Stories|series=Strangest Series|location=London|publisher=[[w:en:Pavilion Books|Portico]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-909396-00-5}}。</ref><ref>{{cite-book|author=Amy M. Davis|title=Handsome Heroes and Vile Villains: Masculinity in Disney's Feature Films|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher={{w|lang=en|Indiana University Press}}|year=2014|isbn=978-0-86196-704-9|page=193}}。</ref><ref>{{cite-book|author=Gary Holpin|title=Exmouth to Plymouth: Britain's Heritage Coast|series=Britain's Heritage Coast|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4456-2157-9}}。</ref>
====其他形式====
* {{l|en|ar}}
====發音====
* {{enPR|är|a=RP}}、{{IPA|en|/ɑː(ɹ)/}}
** {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-arr.wav|a=Southern England}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)|s=1}}
{{col-top|2|發音注釋}}
模仿海盜時,通常会更加强调其中的卷舌音。
{{col-bottom}}
====感嘆詞====
{{en-interj}}
# {{lb|en|Britain|West Country|West Midlands|Yorkshire}} [[是]]
# {{non-gloss|刻板地模仿[[海盜]]}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Peter Walsh|title=How to Organize (Just About) Everything: More than 500 Step-by-Step Instructions for Everything from Organizing Your Closets to Planning a Wedding to Creating a Flawless Filing System|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]]|year=2004|section=instruction 480|isbn=978-0-7432-5494-6|passage='''Arr''', matey! Tis a dangerous life, the sea – full of giant beasts, raging storms and wayward ships bobbing around like steel icebergs.|t='''啊''',伙计!海上的生活很危险——充满了巨兽、肆虐的风暴和像钢铁冰山一样摇摇欲坠的船只。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:en:Howard Norman|Howard [A.] Norman]]|title=Devotion|location=Boston, Mass.|publisher=[[w:en:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|Houghton Mifflin Company]]|year=2007|page=90|isbn=978-0-618-73541-9|passage=He did an imitation of a pirate: "'''Arr''', '''Arr''', '''Arr''', me buckos."|t=他模仿了一下海盜:“'''啊''','''啊''','''啊''',我的好夥計。”}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Gwen Lepkowski|chapter=Tornado|title=Cross-country Treasure Hunt (and the Mystery that Followed)|location=Longwood, Fla.|publisher=w:en:Xulon Press|year=2008|page=46|isbn=978-1-60647-638-3|passage=Suddenly a pirate voice said, "'''Arr''', '''Arr''', '''Arr'''. Are you looking for me gold?" Josh looked startled and Will began to laugh.|t=突然,一个海盗的声音说道:“'''啊''','''啊''','''啊'''。你在找我的金子吗?”乔希吓了一跳,威尔也大笑起来。}}
=====派生詞彙=====
* {{l|en|oo arr}}
====動詞====
{{en-verb}}
# {{lb|en|rare}} 學海盜說“arr”
#: {{ux|en|How do you know someone's a pirate? Because they '''arr'''.|你怎么知道某人是海盗?因为他们會說“arr”。}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=Treasure Island: A New Adaptation by Grace Barnes|journal=[[w:en:Theatre Record|Theatre Record: The Chronicle of the British Stage]]|location=London|publisher=Shuttleworth|year=2005|page=968|issn=0962-1792|oclc=909435034|passage=This distances the audience from the ripping yam element of the story, and for all the sails and stockades which decorate the stage, there are times when the pace drops and the inevitable oo-'''arring''' gets a bit coarse. One small pirate in the audience commented that it got a bit boring when they all stood around talking—and he was not entirely wrong.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|title=The Gap Year: A Novel|author={{w|lang=en|Sarah Bird}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher={{w|lang=en|Alfred A. Knopf}}|year=2011|page=9|isbn=978-0-307-59279-8|passage=Pirates become a running joke between us. When she was a sophomore, I once served her artichokes, arugula, and arroz con pollo for dinner, and we "'''arred'''" our way through the entire meal.|t=海盗成了我们之间的一个笑话。她上高二的时候,我曾经给她做了洋蓟、芝麻菜和鸡肉饭,我们一路说着“arr”地吃完了这顿饭。}}
=====近義詞=====
* {{sense|是}} {{l|en|ay}}、{{l|en|aye}}、{{l|en|ya}}、{{l|en|yea}}、{{l|en|yeah}}、{{l|en|yep}}、{{l|en|yes}};參見[[Thesaurus:yes]]
* {{sense|海盜}} {{l|en|yarr}}
===詞源3===
====名詞====
{{en-noun}}
# {{alternative form of|en|ar}}; {{Latn-def|en|name|R|r}}
#* {{RQ:Swift Works|volume=VIII|poem=On the Irish Club|page=78|passage=Why against printers all this noise? This summoning of blackguard boys? Why so sagacious in your guesses? Your ''effs'', and ''tees'', and '''''arrs''''', and ''eſſes?'' Take my advice; to make you safe, I know a shorter way be half.}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===參見===
* [[ahoy]]
* [[avast]]
* [[ay]]
* [[be]]
* [[booty]]
* [[doubloon]]
* {{l|en|hearty#名詞|pos=n}}
* [[Jolly Roger]]
* [[matey]]
* {{l|en|me#詞源2|pos=詞源2}}
* [[parlay]]
* [[peg-leg]]
* [[piece of eight]]
* [[shiver]]
* {{l|en|them#限定詞|pos=限定詞}}
* 參見[[Thesaurus:pirate]]
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=arr|RAR|rar}}
==法語==
===名詞===
{{fr-noun|m}}
# {{abbreviation of|fr|arrondissement|t=區|pos=行政區劃}}
==書面挪威語==
===詞源===
源自{{der|nb|non|ærr}}、{{m|non|ørr}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nb|/ɑrː/}}
===名詞===
{{nb-noun-n1}}
# [[傷疤]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|nb|arrdelfin}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nb:OB}}
==新挪威語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|nn|ær}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|nn|non|ærr}}、{{m|non|ørr}}。
===名詞===
{{nn-noun-n1}}
# [[傷疤]]
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|nn|arrdelfin}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:nn:OB}}
==瑞典語==
===詞源===
{{clipping|sv|arrangemang}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|sv|/arː/}}
===名詞===
{{sv-noun|n}}
# {{lb|sv|音樂|口語}} [[編曲]]
====變格====
{{sv-infl-noun-n-zero}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sv|arra}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:svenska.se|so}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=arr|rar}}
==塔勞語==
===名詞===
{{head|tro|名詞}}
# {{alternative form of|tro|arte|t=雞}}
===參考資料===
* {{quote-book|tro|year=2001|title=Encyclopaedia of northeast India|volume=3|page=230|isbn=8170997909}}
{{C|tro|動物}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[返回]];[[恢復]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[放]]回
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[歸還]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[回覆]],[[答覆]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[撫慰]],[[平息]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[嘔吐]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[變成]],[[轉變]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[關閉]]
# {{lb|rif|及物}} (重新)[[種植]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|arr|arri/a|arri|ttarra|ttarri}}
====派生詞彙====
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|twarrit|t=返回;歸還}}
* 被動態:{{l|rif|twarr|t=被歸還}}
* {{l|rif|tamraryut}}
* {{l|rif|trarit|t=呕吐}}
72e08lbpwr9qwz0sypzvgvmrby4jca7
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始日耳曼語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|gem-pro|alt1=*bungōną|alt2=*bankōną|alt3=*bunkōną}}
===詞源===
{{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰeg-|id=破}}
可能源自{{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰen-||擊、打、傷害}} 或 {{m|ine-pro|*bʰeg-|*bʰe(n)g-|粉碎,打破|id=打破}}<ref>{{R:gem:HGE|head=*banʒōjanan|page=35}}</ref>;最終源自{{onomatopoeic|gem-pro|nocap=1}}。
===動詞===
{{gem-verb|head=*banganą, *bangōną}}
# [[猛擊]];[[敲打]]
====屈折====
{{gem-conj-wk2|bang}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|gem-pro|*bangilaz}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|gmw-pro|*bangōn}}
** {{desc|ang|*bangian}}
*** {{desc|enm|*bangen}}; {{desc|enm|bonchen|bunchen|nolang=1|unc=1}}
**** {{desc|en|bang}}
**** {{desc|sco|bang|bung}}
** {{desc|ofs|*bangia|*bongia|*bunkia|*bonkia}}
*** {{desc|stq|boangje}}; {{desc|stq|bunkje|nolang=1|unc=1}}
*** {{desc|fy|bonkje}}
** {{desc|osx|*bangōn}}
*** {{desc|gml|bangen}}; {{desc|gml|bunken|nolang=1|unc=1}}
**** {{desc|nds|bangen|bangeln}}
**** {{desc|de|bangen|bor=1}}
** {{desc|odt|*bungon|*bonkon|unc=1}}
*** {{desc|dum|bongen}}
**** {{desc|nl|bonken}}
** {{desc|goh|bangōn|*bankan|*bankōn}}
*** {{desc|gmh|bangen|pangen}}; {{desc|gmh|bungen|nolang=1|unc=1}}
**** {{desc|gsw|bangen|gloss=撞擊、推擠、用頭頂撞}}
**** {{desc|de|banken}} {{qualifier|方言}}
* {{desctree|non|banga}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
bcu01hqk5egcxlw888v3xt4a95sz9b4
𐩱
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{{character info|sc=Sarb}}
==古南阿拉伯語==
===詞源===
源自南閃米特語支,源自原始西奈語 [[Image:Proto-semiticA-01.svg|20px]],源自{{der|sem-srb|egy|𓃾}}。對照古北阿拉伯語 {{l|xna|𐪑}} 和{{cog|ar|ا}}。
===字母===
{{head|sem-srb|字母|sc=Sarb|tr=ʾ}}
# [[古南阿拉伯語]]字母表的第18個字母,名為 [[alef]]
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|mul|አ|sclang=1}}
===參見===
{{list:Old South Arabian script letters/sem-srb}}
nqbpiz7qbx9ps55qray3y6z0jv1aggn
morsico
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{{also|morsicò}}
==意大利語==
===動詞===
{{head|it|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|it|morsicare||1|s|pres|indc}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=cimoors|Morisco}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|la|morsus|-icō}}。
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|morsicō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|morsicō}} {{tlb|la|post-classical}}
# [[咬]]
# 把[[嘴脣]]壓在一起(如親吻)
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|morsicō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|commorsicō}}
* {{l|la|demorsicō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top4}}
* 巴爾幹羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ro|murseca|alts=1}}
* 達爾馬提亞語:
** {{desc|dlm|morscur|alts=1|nolang=1}}
* 意大利-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|co|mursicà}}
** {{desc|it|morsicare}}
** {{desc|nap|-}}
**: {{desc|roa-tar|muzzecà}}
** {{desc|scn|muzzicari}}
* 北意大利語支:
** {{desc|fur|smorseâ}}
** {{desc|ist|mursagà}}
** {{desc|vec|morsegar|alts=1}}
* 高盧-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|ca|mossegar}}
** {{desc|oc|mossegar}}
* 伊比利亞-羅曼語支:
** {{desc|an|mosegar|amosegar}} {{desc|an|mosaquiar|der=1|nolang=1}}
** {{desc|gl|amosegar}}
** {{desc|pt|morsegar|alts=1}}
** {{desc|es|moscar}}
** {{desc|eu|murtxikatu|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
源自前斯拉夫語 {{m|ine-bsl-pro||*pṓˀ-mintis}},等價於 {{prefix|sla-pro|*pa-|*mintís|lang2=ine-bsl-pro}}。語法上,它是早期 {{suffix|sla-pro|*pamęti|*-tь}} 的動詞性名詞,與 {{m|sla-pro|*pomьniti||記住}} 對應。<ref name=EDSIL />
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|head=*pàmę̄tь|f}}<ref name=EDSIL>{{R:sla:EDSIL|390|*pàmętь}}</ref><ref>Derksen 沒有指出 *ę 的元音長度,但它是預期發生的,並且也實際反映於塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語中。</ref>
# {{c|sla-pro|思想}} [[記憶]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|pàmę̄tь|g=f|ap=a}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*pamętati}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|памѧть}}
*** {{desc|zle-ort|па́мѧть|па́мєть}}
**** {{desc|be|па́мяць}}
**** {{desc|rue|па́мять}}
***** {{desc|rsk|память|bor=1}}
**** {{desc|uk|па́м'ять}}
*** {{desc|ru|па́мять}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|памѧть|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⱂⰰⰿⱔⱅⱐ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|bg|па́мет}}
** {{desc|mk|па́мет}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|па̏ме̄т|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|pȁmēt|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|pámet}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|pamět}}
*** {{desc|cs|paměť}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|pamięć}}
** {{desc|zlw-osk|pamať|pamäť|pameť}}
*** {{desc|rsk|памец|qq=棄用}}
*** {{desc|sk|pamäť}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|pamiãc}}
*** {{desc|zlw-slv|pamjãc}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
[[ru:*pamętь]]
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|sla-pro|*kadidlo|*-ьnъ|*-ica}}。
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*kadidlьnica}}
# [[香爐]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun}}
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|ru|кади́льница}}
** {{desc|uk|кади́льниця}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|cu|-}}
**: {{desc|cu|кадильница|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|cu|ⰽⰰⰴⰹⰾⱐⱀⰹⱌⰰ|sclang=1}}
** 古塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語:{{l|sh|kadilnica}}、{{l|sh|кадилница}}
*** {{desc|sh|-}}
***: {{desc|sh|ка̀дионица|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|sh|kàdionica|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|mk|кади́лница}}
** {{desc|sl|kadílnica}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|kadidlnicě}}
*** {{desc|cs|kadidelnice}}
** {{desc|zlw-opl|kadzidlnica}}
*** {{desc|pl|kadzielnica}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:sh:RJA|kàdionica|729|4|id=kPVRc69dBP}}
{{C|sla-pro|容器}}
7gs8yp1msdww7iw16y9v9sqpn3ej8df
נתניהו
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==希伯來語==
===詞源===
源自 {{suf|he|נָתַן|tr1=natán|יהו|tr2=-yáhu}};{{lit|主給予}}。
===專有名詞===
{{he-proper noun|wv=נְתַנְיָהוּ|tr=n'tanyáhu}}
# [[內塔尼亞胡]],{{surname|he}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2|desc}}
* {{desc|ar|نِتَنْيَاهُو|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hy|Նեթանյահու|bor=1}}
* {{desc|be|Нетанья́ху|Нэтанья́гу|bor=1}}
* {{desc|bg|Нетаня́ху|bor=1}}
* 漢語:
*: {{desc|cmn|內塔尼亞胡|tr=Nèitǎníyàhú|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|Netanyahu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|Netanyahou|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ka|ნეთანიაჰუ|bor=1}}
* {{desc|de|Netanjahu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|el|Νετανιάχου|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|grc|Νεθανιᾱ́ου|bor=1}}
* {{desc|hi|नेतन्याहू|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ja|ネタニヤフ|tr=Netaniyafu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|^네타냐후|bor=1}}
* {{desc|la|Nethaniāhū|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fa|نِتانْیاهو|tr=netânyâhu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ru|Нетанья́ху|tr=Nɛtanʹjáxu|Нетания́гу|tr2=Nɛtanijágu|Нетанья́гу|tr3=Nɛtanʹjágu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|sh|-|bor=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|Netanjahu|Netanyahu|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|sh|Нетанјаху|Нетањаху|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|es|Netanyahu|Netañaju|bor=1}}
* {{desc|tg|Нетанёҳу|bor=1}}
* {{desc|uk|Нетанья́гу|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ur|نیتَن یاہُو|bor=1}}
{{col-bottom}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|he|יהונתן}}
6u22dpx7s41xji7sy6bqacn3bragan7
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==英語==
===名詞===
{{head|en|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|en|amma}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aamms|Am. Sam.|Masam|ma mas|ma'ams|mamas}}
==里菲安語==
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ammasen}}
# [[中間]],[[中心]]
#: {{syn|rif|řweṣt}}
# [[庭院]],[[中庭]]
#: {{syn|rif|řemraḥ}}
mmfo4wbpx424v1mf7mv1hv966s17p47
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始南島語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|map-pro|/(i)kasu/}}
===代詞===
{{head|map-pro|代詞}}
# [[你]],你的
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|poz-pro|*(i-)kahu}}
:* {{desc|ch|hao}}
:* {{desc|haw|ʻoe}}
:* {{desc|id|engkau}}、{{desc|id|kau|nolang=1}}、{{desc|id|kau-|nolang=1}}、{{desc|id|-kau|nolang=1}}
:* {{desc|jv|kowe}}
:* {{desc|pam|ika}}
:* {{desc|lmy|yau}}
:* {{desc|mak|kau}}、{{desc|mak|-ko|nolang=1}}
:* {{desc|ms|engkau}}、{{desc|ms|kau|nolang=1}}、{{desc|ms|kau-|nolang=1}}、{{desc|ms|-kau|nolang=1}}
:* {{desc|mi|koe}}
:* {{desc|mrw|ngka}}
:* {{desc|mh|kwe}}
:* {{desc|rap|koe}}
:* {{desc|tl|ikaw}}
====參見====
{{map-pro-personal pronouns}}
4f04ezrcl4skd7xv4sb0t292rerzlza
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{{reconstructed}}
==原始斯拉夫語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|sla-pro|id=榮譽|:inh|ine-pro:*kʷeyt-<id:注意>}}
{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*kistis}},{{inh+|sla-pro|ine-pro||*(s)kʷit-tis}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*kʷeyt-|*(s)kʷeyt-|t=注意到,察覺}}。和{{cog|sa|चित्ति|tr=cítti|t=思考,理解}} 和{{cog|ae|𐬗𐬌𐬯𐬙𐬌|t=意識}}同源。<ref name=EDSIL />
===名詞===
{{sla-noun|f|head=*čь̏stь}}<ref name=EDSIL>{{R:sla:EDSIL|94|*čь̑stь|f. i (c) ‘honour, respect’}}</ref><ref>{{R:sla:CSAWL|čьstь čьsti|f. ''b'' (IRU 78); ''c'' (SA 83; PR 138) honor}}</ref>
# [[榮譽]],[[尊重]]
====屈折====
{{sla-decl-noun|čь̏stь|g=f|ap=c}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*čьstьnъ}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*čьstiti}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sla-pro|*čisti}}
* {{l|sla-pro|*čitati}}
====派生語彙====
{{hrow}}
* 東斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|orv|чьсть}}
*** {{desc|be|чэсць}}
*** {{desc|rue|честь}}
*** {{desc|ru|честь}}
*** {{desc|uk|честь}}
* 南斯拉夫語支:
** 古教會斯拉夫語:
**: 西里爾字母:{{l|cu|чьсть}}
**: 格拉哥里字母:{{l|cu|ⱍⱐⱄⱅⱐ}}
** {{desc|bg|чест}}
** {{desc|mk|чест}}
** {{desc|sh|-}}
**: {{desc|sh|ча̑ст|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sh|čȃst|sclang=1}}
** {{desc/sl-tonal|čȃst}}
* 西斯拉夫語支:
** {{desc|zlw-ocs|čest}}
*** {{desc|cs|čest}}
** {{desctree|zlw-opl|cześć}}
** 波美拉尼亞語支:
*** {{desc|csb|czesc}}
** {{desc|zlw-osk|česť}}
*** {{desc|rsk|чесц}}
*** {{desc|sk|česť}}
** 索布語:
*** {{desc|dsb|cesć}}
*** {{desc|hsb|česć}}
{{bl}}
* 非斯拉夫語族:
** {{desc|hu|tiszt|bor=y}}
** {{desc|ro|cinste|bor=y}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:ru:Vasmer|честь}}
* {{R:sla:ESSJa|*čьstь|175|4}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
au0bg68gfkjvi20o3k37xk5zshvqul0
𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥
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==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt|Latn=duddha}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|n}}
# {{pi-sc|t=乳}}
====變格====
{{pi-decl-noun|g=n}}
==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|pra|id=乳|:inh|sa:दुग्ध<id:乳>|text=+|tree=++}}
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=n}}
# [[乳]],[[奶]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|n}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|awa|दूध}}
* {{desc|bfy|दूध}}
* {{desc|pra-kha|}}
** {{desc|gbm|दूद}}
** {{desc|kfy|दूद|दूध}}
** {{desc|ne|दूध}}
* {{desc|pra-mag|}}
** {{desc|as|দুধ}}
** {{desc|bn|দুধ}}
** {{desc|or|ଦୁଧ}}
** {{desc|rhg|dut}} / {{l|rhg|𐴊𐴟𐴃𐴢}}
** {{desc|syl|ꠖꠥꠗ}}
* {{desc|pra-mah|}}
** {{desc|kok|दूद}}
** {{desc|omr|दूध}}
*** {{desc|mr|दूध}}
* {{desctree|inc-ogu|दूध}}
* {{desc|pa|}}
*: {{desc|pa|ਦੁੱਧ|sclang=1}}
*: {{desc|pa|دُدّھ|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|pra-sau|}}
** {{desc|hi|दूध}}
** {{desc|ur|دُودھ}}
*** {{desc|afb|ديد|bor=1}}
** {{desc|rom|thud}}
* {{desc|sd|tr=ḍ̠udhu}}
* {{desc|si|දුදු}}
{{bottom}}
l3dhanwhxrh2b7e9ey8ubw1kig8bc4v
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|pra|id=煙|:inh|sa:धूम<id:煙>|tree=+}}
{{inh+|pra|sa|𑀥𑀽𑀫|tr={{xlit|sa|धू॒म}}}}。{{ref|{{R:CDIAL|dhūmá|6849|passage=Pa. Pk. ''dhūma''- m. 'smoke'}}}} 和{{cog|pi|dhūma}}同源。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=m}}{{ref|{{R:pra:Sheth||491}}}}
# [[煙]]
====變格====
{{pra-mah-decl-noun|m}}
====派生語彙====
{{col-top|2|desc}}
* {{desc|inc-cen|-}}
** {{desc|inc-hnd|-}} {{xlit|hi|धूआँ}}
**: {{desc|hi|धूआँ<tr:->}}
**: {{desc|ur|دُھواں<tr:->}}
* {{desc|inc-eas|-}}
** 孟加拉-阿薩姆語支:
*** {{desc|as|ধোঁৱা}}
*** {{desc|bn|ধোঁয়া}}
*** {{desc|syl|ꠗꠥꠝꠣ}}
** {{desc|inc-bih|-}}
*** {{desc|anp|-}} {{xlit|anp|धूआँ}}
***: {{desc|anp|धूआँ<tr:->|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|anp|𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀<tr:->|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mag|-}} {{xlit|bho|धूआँ}}
***: {{desc|mag|धूआँ<tr:->|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|mag|𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀<tr:->|sclang=1}}
*** {{desc|mai|-}} {{xlit|mai|धुआँ}}
***: {{desc|mai|धुआँ<tr:->|sclang=1}}
***: {{desc|mai|𑒡𑒳𑒂𑒿<tr:->|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|or|ଧୂଆଁ}}
* {{desc|inc-ins|-}}
** {{desc|dv|ދުން}}
** {{desc|si|දුම}}
* {{desc|inc-nor|-}}
** {{desc|gbm|धुवाँ}}
** {{desc|kfy|धूवाँ}}
** {{desc|ne|धुवाँ}}
* {{desc|inc-nwe|-}}
** {{desc|pa|-}} {{xlit|pa|ਧੂੰਆਂ}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਧੂੰਆਂ<tr:->|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|دُھواں<tr:->|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|inc-wes|-}}
** {{desc|gu|ધૂમ}}
** {{desc|rom|thuv}}
{{col-bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{box-top}}
{{reflist}}
{{box-bottom}}
{{c|pra|燃燒}}
==梵語==
===名詞===
{{sa-noun|g=m|tr={{xlit|sa|धू॒म}}}}
# {{sa-sc|[[煙]],[[煙霧]],[[蒸氣]]}}
====變格====
{{sa-decl-noun-m}}
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==普拉克里特語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|pra|id=綠豆|:inh|sa:मु॒द्ग<id:綠豆>|tree=1|text=++}} 和{{cog|pi|mugga}}同源。
亦對照{{ncog|pra|*𑀫𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀭||[[豌豆]]}}、{{m|pra|*𑀫𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞||{{w|鳥頭葉豇豆}}}}。
===名詞===
{{pra-noun|g=m}}<ref>{{R:pra:Sheth}}</ref><ref>{{R:CDIAL|mudgá|10198|pg=588}}</ref>
# [[綠豆]]({{taxlink|Vigna radiata|species}})
====派生語彙====
{{top3}}
* {{desc|inc-cen}}
** {{desc|inc-hnd}}
**: {{desc|hi|मूँग}}
**: {{desc|ur|مُونگ}}
* {{desc|inc-eas}}
** {{desc|inc-bas}}
*** {{desc|as|মগু}}
*** {{desc|bn|মুগ}}
** {{desc|or|ମୁଗ}}
* {{desc|inc-ins}}
** {{desc|dv|މުގު}}
** {{desc|si|මුං}}
* {{desc|inc-nwe}}
** {{desc|pa}}
**: {{desc|pa|ਮੁੰਗ|ਮੂੰਗ|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|pa|مُنگ|مُونگ|sclang=1}}
** {{desc|sd}}
**: {{desc|sd|مُڱُ|tr=muṅu|sclang=1}}
**: {{desc|sd|मुङु|tr=muṅu|sclang=1}}
* {{desc|inc-sou}}
** {{desc|mr|मूग}}
* {{desc|inc-wes}}
** {{desc|gu|મગ}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
{{C|pra|豇豆}}
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-esco
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{{also|esco|Esco|ESCO|escó|Escô}}
==意大利語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|it|id=suf|:inh|VL.:-iscus<id:suf>|tree=1}}
源自{{der|it|la-lat|-}}、{{der|it|la-vul|-iscus}}。<ref>{{R:Nocentini|hw=-esco}}</ref>
同源詞參見{{cog|gem-pro|*-iskaz}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr|-ésco}}
===後綴===
{{head|it|後綴}}
# {{n-g|構成表示關係、成員資格、性質的形容詞(有時也用作名詞)}}
#: {{suffixusex|it|Dante|dantesco|gloss1=但丁|t2=但丁式的}}
====派生詞彙====
{{suffixsee|it}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|fr|-esque}}
** {{desc|en|-esque}}
** {{desc|de|-esk}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=ceos|Cose|OCSE|cose|seco|secò}}
{{cln|it|派生自拉丁語的詞}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{etymon|la|id=vsuf|:from|-eō<id:verb>|-scō<id:vsuf>|tree=1|text=++|title=-ēscō}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|ēscō|eccl=no}}<ref>{{R:ine:Sihler:1995|pages=535, 507}}</ref><ref>{{cite-book|last=Lindsay|first=W. M.|title=The Latin Language|year=1894|pages=479-480|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/latinlanguagehis00linduoft/page/479|passage=Roots extended by -ā, -ē, -ō like g̑nō- from g̑en-, keep this vowel long, as is their custom in such cases (§ 2); hence ''(g)nō-sco'' (Gk. γι-γνώσκω, Epir. γνώσκω), ''(g)nā-scor, crē-sco, viē-sco, hiā-sco''; and similarly Latin Intransitives in ''-eo'' (§ 32) and Derivatives in ''-o'' (for *-⁠āyō), ''-eo, -io'' (ib.), e. g. ''rŭbē-sco, con-tĭcē-sco, īrā-scor, flāvē-sco, ob-dormī-sco, ercī-sco'' [''erceiscunda'' on the Lex Rubria, ''C. I. L.'' i. 205. (2). 55], ''descīsco'' (with tall form of I on Mon. Anc. v. 28, which also offers ''nascerer'' with an apex over the ''a''); though at a later time, when the difference of quantity between vowels had become less marked, we find some uncertainty about the ''e'' of ''quiesco'' (see Gellius, vii. 15, who decides in favour of ''quiēsco'', on the strength of ''călēsco, nĭtēsco, stŭpēsco'' and other Inceptives ; cf. ch. ii. § 144).}}</ref><ref>{{cite-book|year=1978|title=Vox Latina|author=W. Sidney Allen|edition=2nd|page=38-39|passage='''Vowels before sc.''' Before the verbal suffix ''-sc-'' the vowel is long in nearly all cases (''nōsco, crēsco, pāsco, nāscor, quiēsco, obliuīscor, rubēsco, nancīscor,'' etc.); probable exceptions are ''pŏsco, dĭsco, compĕsco,'' Old Latin ''ĕscit,'' similarly ''mĭsceo,'' in which the ''sc'' derives from originally more complex consonant-groups. The rule is implied in general by Gellius (vii, 15), and supported by inscriptional forms such as ''créscéns'' (also Κρησκης), ''consenésceret, nótésceret, d(esc)ꟾscentem, náscerer, quiéscere, oblꟾuꟾscemur, erceiscunda''; absence of vowel weakening in a medial syllable also indicates ''ā'' for ''hiasco'' (which would otherwise become ''hiesco'').}}</ref>
* {{la-IPA|ēscō|cl=no}}
===後綴===
{{la-suffix-verb|3|-ēscō}}
# {{n-g|加在詞幹(名詞或形容詞)後,構成表示“變得[詞幹]”或“像[詞幹]”的動詞}}
====用法說明====
許多以 {{m|la||-ēscō}} 結尾的動詞是由 {{m|la||-eō}} 状态动词构成的 {{m|la||-scō}} 起始动词。然而,有些动词直接由形容词派生而来,没有“中间”状态动词,,如:
* {{m|la|amārus}} > {{m|la|amārēscō}}(而非 {{m|la||*amāreō}})
* {{m|la|celeber}} > {{m|la|celebrēscō}}(而非 {{m|la||*celebreō}})
====變位====
變位按照動詞各有不同;这里仅给出第一主要部分以供说明。
{{la-conj|3|-ēscō}}
====派生詞彙====
{{suffixsee|la}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|rup|-esc-}} ([[-escu]], [[-eshti]], [[-eashti]], [[-escu]]), {{l|rup|-ãsc-}}
* {{desc|ca|-eix-}} ([[-eixo]], [[-eixes]], [[-eix]], [[-eixen]]), {{l|ca|-isc-}} ([[-ixes]], [[-ix]], [[-ixen]])
* {{desc|en|-esce|bor=1}};{{l|en|-ise}}、{{l|en|-ish}} {{qualifier|經由古法語}}
* {{desc|frp|-éss-}};{{l|frp|-éss-}} ([[-ésso]], [[-és]], [[-ét]], [[-éssens]], [[-ésséds]], [[-éssont]])
* {{desc|fr|-iss-}} ([[-is]], [[-is]], [[-it]], [[-issons]], [[-issez]], [[-issent]])
* {{desc|fur|-is-}} ([[-ìs]], [[-issis]], [[-ìs]], [[-issin]])
* {{desc|it|-isc-}} ([[-isco]], [[-isci]], [[-isce]], [[-iscono]])
* {{desc|oc|-iss-}} ([[-issi]], [[-isses]], [[-ís]])
* {{desc|pt|-ecer}}、{{desc|pt|-escer|nolang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ro|-esc-}} ({{l|ro|-esc}}, [[-ești]], [[-ește]], [[-esc]]), {{l|ro|-ăsc-}}
* {{desc|rm|-esch-}} ([[-eschel]], [[-eschas]], [[-escha]])
* {{desc|es|-ecer}}
* {{desc|vec|-is-}} ([[-iso]], [[-isi]], [[-ise]], [[-ise]])
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
==葡萄牙語==
===發音===
{{pt-IPA|-êsco}}
===後綴===
{{pt-adj}}
# {{n-g|構成表示與詞幹比較、關係或相似的形容詞}}
#: {{suffixusex|pt|animal|t1=動物|animalesco|t2=動物般的}}
#: {{suffixusex|pt|livro|t1=書|livresco|t2=與書有關的}}
==西班牙語==
===發音===
{{es-pr}}
===後綴===
{{es-adj}}{{cln|es|貶義後綴}}
# {{alternative form of|es|-sco}};{{n-g|構成表示與詞幹“關係”的形容詞;有時表貶義}}
#: {{suffixusex|es|libro|t1=書|libresco|t2=與書有關的}}
===後綴===
{{es-noun|m}}{{cln|es|指大後綴|集合後綴}}
# {{alternative form of|es|-sco}};{{non-gloss|構成指大名詞}}
# {{alternative form of|es|-sco}};{{non-gloss|構成集合名詞}}
===派生詞彙===
{{suffixsee|es}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:es:DRAE}}
omk34sf7b3uy7ai3ai7acm8rit3g9wy
mutti
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{{also|Mutti}}
==愛沙尼亞語==
===名詞===
{{head|et|名詞變格形}}
# {{noun form of|et|mutt||par|s}}
# {{noun form of|et|mutt||ill|s}}
==芬蘭語==
{{wikipedia|lang=fi}}
===詞源===
該詞在方言中有“堆,塊;小圓堆”的意思,故可能是 {{m|fi|motti|id=堆|t=堆}} 的異體。有時也與{{ncog|ru|муть||渣滓;有沉澱物的液狀物質}} 作對比。
歷史上,該詞在芬蘭不同地方所代指的菜餚各不相同。用大麥粉製成、類似粥的菜餚是波赫扬马北部及中部特色。而在海梅,{{m|fi||mutti}} 則傳統上指加甜馬鈴薯和黑麥粉製成的稀粥乃至較粘稠的飲品。在屈米西部,本詞指的是麵粉、豌豆/豆子(有時也加蕪菁甘藍)的粥狀燉菜。在其他一些地方,還可能指一種用{{w|卡馬}}做的糊狀菜餚。
===發音===
{{fi-pronunciation}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# 一道芬蘭傳統菜餚,用[[大麥]]粉製成,像(乾的)[[粥]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-risti|mu|tt|t|a}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|fi|pepu}}、{{l|fi|köpötes}}、{{l|fi|tikkupuuro}}、{{l|fi|tikkuhöyry}}、{{l|fi|äkkinäinen}}
===延伸閱讀===
* '''''mutti''''' 的食譜(芬蘭語)[https://www.maajakotitalousnaiset.fi/sisalto/mutti-ja-muut-perinneruuat-maistuvat-11630]
{{C|fi|食物}}
==拉丁語==
===動詞===
{{head|la|動詞變位形式|head=muttī}}
# {{inflection of|la|muttiō||2|s|pres|actv|impr}}
==巴利語==
===其他形式===
{{pi-alt}}
===名詞===
{{pi-noun|f}}
# [[釋放]]
# [[自由]]
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{rfe|rif}}
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[移動]]
# {{lb|rif|不及物}} [[搬遷]]
====變位====
{{rfinfl|rif|動詞}}
====派生詞彙====
* 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|amutti}}
* 使役動詞:{{l|rif|smutti|t=使移動;將……搬遷}}
** 動詞性名詞:{{l|rif|asmutti}}
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==拉丁語==
===分詞===
{{la-part|extractus}}
# {{infl of|la|extrahō||perf|pass|part}}
====變格====
{{la-adecl|extractus}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|extractiō}}
* {{l|la|extractum}}
====派生語彙====
* {{desc|rup|astraptu}}
* {{desc|ca|extret}}、{{desc|ca|extracte|bor=1|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|fur|estrat}}
* {{desc|it|estratto}}
* {{desc|oc|estrach}}
* {{desc|fro|estrait}}
** {{desc|fr|extrait}}
* {{desc|scn|strattu}}
* {{desc|der=1|la-vul|*extractiāre}}
** 意大利-達爾馬提亞語支:
*** {{desc|it|stracciare}}
*** {{desc|scn|strazzari}}
** {{desc|oc|estraçar}}
** {{desc|vec|strasar}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|cim|stratzan}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:du Cange}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
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==意大利語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|it|rugghiare|rugliare|qq2=與 {{desc|it|mugghiare|mugliare|nolang=1}} 混成}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|it|la|rugiō|rugīre}}。
===發音===
{{it-pr}}
===動詞===
{{it-verb|a/+isc}}
# {{lb|it|不及物}} [[咆哮]],[[號叫]],[[吼叫]] {{+aux|it|avere}}
# {{lb|it|及物}} [[叫喊]]出(如威脅)
====變位====
{{it-conj|a/+isc}}
'''包括較少用的形式:'''
{{it-conj|a/+isc:ù[古舊、書面或詩歌]}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|it|ruggito}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|it|a=eggirru|Ruggeri}}
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expurgo
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{{also|expurgó}}
==加泰羅尼亞語==
===動詞===
{{head|ca|動詞變位形式}}
# {{ca-verb form of|expurgar}}
==拉丁語==
===詞源===
{{prefix|la|ex-|pūrgō}}
===發音===
* {{la-IPA|expūrgō}}
===動詞===
{{la-verb|1+|expūrgō}}
# [[清潔]],[[洗淨]],[[淨化]];[[清除]]
# [[辯解]],[[開脫]],[[洗脫]]
====變位====
{{la-conj|1+|expūrgō}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|la|expūrgātiō}}
====派生語彙====
{{top2}}
* {{desc|ast|esbrugar|esbruyar}}
* {{desc|ca|esporgar}}、{{desc|ca|expurgar|nolang=1|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|expurgate|bor=1}}
* {{desc|fr|expurger|bor=1}}
* {{desc|gl|esburgar}}
* {{desc|it|spurgare}}、{{desc|it|espurgare|nolang=1}}
* {{desc|es|expurgar|bor=1}}
{{bottom}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:la:L&S}}
* {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:la:Gaffiot}}
==葡萄牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|pt|動詞變位形式}}
# {{pt-verb form of|expurgar}}
==西班牙語==
===動詞===
{{head|es|動詞變位形式}}
# {{es-verb form of|expurgar}}
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Module:Ber-utilities
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local export = {}
local m_links = require("Module:links")
local function nonblank(s)
if s == nil then return nil end
s = mw.text.trim(s)
if s == "" then return nil end
return s
end
function export._link_list(lang_code, input, accel_form)
if not input or mw.text.trim(input) == "" then
return "—"
end
local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang_code, true)
local links = {}
for word in mw.ustring.gmatch(input, "[^,]+") do
word = mw.text.trim(word)
if word ~= "" then
table.insert(links, m_links.full_link{
term = word,
lang = lang,
accel = accel_form and { form = accel_form } or nil,
})
end
end
return table.concat(links, ", ")
end
function export.link_list(frame)
return export._link_list(frame.args[1], frame.args[2], frame.args[3])
end
function export.noun_infl_table(frame)
local iargs = frame.args
local lang_code = iargs.lang or error("noun_infl_table: |lang= is required")
local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename
local pl_only = nonblank(iargs.pl_only) == "1"
local sg_annexed_input = nonblank(iargs.sg_annexed)
local pl_free_input = not pl_only and nonblank(iargs.pl_free) or nil
local pl_annexed_input = nonblank(iargs.pl_annexed)
local has_plural = pl_only or pl_free_input ~= nil or pl_annexed_input ~= nil
local sg_free_cell = pl_only and "—" or export._link_list(lang_code, pagename)
local pl_free_cell
if pl_only then
pl_free_cell = export._link_list(lang_code, pagename)
else
pl_free_cell = export._link_list(lang_code, pl_free_input,
pl_free_input and (pl_annexed_input and "p|free" or "p") or nil)
end
local sg_annexed_cell = export._link_list(lang_code, sg_annexed_input,
sg_annexed_input and (has_plural and "s|annex" or "annex") or nil)
local pl_annexed_cell = export._link_list(lang_code, pl_annexed_input,
pl_annexed_input and "p|annex" or nil)
-- l10n: 標題中文化
local title = frame:expandTemplate{ title = "m-self", args = { lang_code, pagename } } .. " 的屈折"
return table.concat{
frame:expandTemplate{ title = "inflection-table-top",
args = { title = title, palette = "red", tall = "yes" } },
-- l10n: 表頭中文化
"\n! class=\"outer\" | \n! class=\"outer\" | 單數\n! class=\"outer\" | 複數\n|-\n",
"! ", frame:expandTemplate{ title = "lg", args = { "自由態" } }, "\n",
"| ", sg_free_cell, "\n| ", pl_free_cell, "\n|-\n",
"! ", frame:expandTemplate{ title = "lg", args = { "附屬態" } }, "\n",
"| ", sg_annexed_cell, "\n| ", pl_annexed_cell, "\n",
frame:expandTemplate{ title = "inflection-table-bottom" },
}
end
return export
hhr5690ll9i2ooxpapvdwd5e0yvb27e
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{{auto cat}}
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{{#invoke:roots|root|lang=kab}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|etym}}</noinclude>
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==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==安古蒂姆里語==
===名詞===
{{head|awg|名詞}}
# {{lb|awg|Mpakwithi}} [[牙齒]]
===參考資料===
* Terry Crowley, ''The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri'' (1981), page 185
==布希農比科爾語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|ubl|poz-pro|*bahaw}},{{inh+|ubl|map-pro|*baSaw}}。
===名詞===
{{head|ubl|名詞}}
# [[變質]]的[[食物]]
====派生詞彙====
{{col3|ubl|pamaw}}
==景頗語==
===名詞===
{{head|kac|名詞}}
# [[頭]]
==馬拉瑙語==
===詞源===
源自{{der<!--inh?-->|mrw|poz-pro|*bahu}}、{{m|poz-pro|*bahuq}}。
===名詞===
{{mrw-noun}}
# [[氣味]]
==努內語==
===動詞===
{{head|nhu|動詞}}
# [[潑]],[[傾倒]]
====近義詞====
* {{l|nhu|bɛɛ̀ ̀sé}}
* {{l|nhu|dòm}}
* {{l|nhu|fùcɛ}}
* {{l|nhu|kásé}}
* {{l|nhu|tfuw}}
* {{l|nhu|yèlé}}
===參考資料===
* R. Blench, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201117141934/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Beboid/General/Beboid%20composite.pdf Beboid Comparative]''
==波蘭語==
===發音===
{{pl-pr}}
===動詞===
{{head|pl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|pl|bawić||2|s|imp}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
==低地蘇格蘭語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sco|ba|baa|ball}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sco|enm|bal}},{{inh+|sco|ang|*beall}},{{inh+|sco|gmw-pro|*ballu}},{{inh+|sco|gem-pro|*balluz}}。
===名詞===
{{sco-noun}}
# [[球]]
# {{lb|sco|俚語|usually|in the plural}} [[睪丸]]
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sco|fitbaw}}
==里菲安語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|rif|abaw}}
===詞源===
源自早期的 {{m|rif|abaw}}、{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|-}},源自一漫遊詞,可能與印歐語系有關。對照{{cog|gem-pro|*baunō}}。
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibawen}}
# [[豆子]]
====變格====
{{rif-infl-noun|ubaw|ibawen|yibawen}}
{{c|rif|豆科|食物}}
==韃靼語==
===名詞===
{{head|tt|名詞}}
# {{spelling of|tt|拉丁字母|бау}}
==威爾士語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|cy|cel-pro|*bowā}}。對照{{cognate|fr|boue||泥}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|cy|/baːu̯/|a=cy-N}}
* {{IPA|cy|/bau̯/|a=cy-S}}
* {{rhymes|cy|au̯}}
===名詞===
{{cy-noun|m|-|pl2=bawau}}
# [[污垢]],[[污穢]]
#: {{syn|cy|budreddi|llaid|llaca|mẁd}}
# [[糞便]],[[糞肥]]
#: {{syn|cy|carthion|ysgarthion|tail|tom|cach}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|cy|baw bach||小混蛋}}
* {{l|cy|baw diawl||阿魏|lit=魔鬼的污垢}}
* {{l|cy|bawa||玷污}}
* {{l|cy|hawdd fel baw||非常簡單的}}
===形容詞===
{{cy-adj|ach|pl=bawion}}
# [[污穢]]的,[[骯髒]]的
#: {{syn|cy|budr|brwnt|tomlyd}}
# [[卑鄙]]的,[[可鄙]]的
#: {{syn|cy|ffiaidd|gwael}}
===詞首音變===
{{cy-mut}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:cy:Gweiadur}}
* {{R:cy:GPC}}
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{{also|BDU}}
==跨語言==
===詞源===
{{abbrev|mul|en:'''B'''akun'''du'''}}。
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==戈瑪拉語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|gho|ary|بدا|tr=bdā}}、{{der|gho|ar|بَدَأَ}}。
===發音===
* {{gho-IPA|ḇdu}}
===動詞===
{{gho-head|動詞|vn=lebdu}}
# {{lb|gho|及物}} [[开始]]
#: {{uxa|gho|'''Bdan''' rrin ibawen.|'''他们开始'''种豆子。}}
====變位====
{{gho-conj|ber:ttaddu}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:gho:Mourigh:2015}}
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hna
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{{also|Appendix:"hna"的變體}}
==跨語言==
===詞源===
{{abbrev|mul|en:'''H'''i'''na'''}}。
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==米佐語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|lus|tbq-kuk-pro|*hnaa}}。
===名詞===
{{head|lus|名詞}}
# [[工作]]
# [[職業]]
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:lus:Lorrain}}
==里菲安語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|rif|ary|هنَّى}}。
===發音===
{{rfp|rif}}
===動詞===
{{rif-head|動詞}}
# {{lb|rif|及物}} [[冷靜]],[[平靜]];[[安靜]]
====變位====
{{rif-conj|hna|hna|hni|henna|henni}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|rif|henna|t=祝賀}}
* {{l|rif|řehna|pos=n}}
bfy9pqf0vsyoe2342q7mclbr2vdqw5t
msn
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{{also|MSN}}
==跨語言==
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{ISO 639|3}}
===參見===
* {{langcat}}
==埃及語==
===詞源===
與 {{m|egy|msnw||使用魚叉者}} 有關;地名则又与荷鲁斯用鱼叉叉敌人的事迹密切相关。
===發音===
{{egy-pr}}
===專有名詞===
{{egy-proper noun|m-topo|head=<hiero>ms-s-n:msn-niwt</hiero>}}
# {{ng|一个含义模糊的地名,通常与荷鲁斯其别称的一部分 {{m|egy|nb-msn}} 一起出现;可能指:}}
## 下埃及 {{w|lang=en|Tjaru}} 附近或與之相似的定居點
## 上埃及的{{w|埃德夫}}城
##: {{synonyms|egy|bḥdt|ḏbꜣ}}
## {{lb|egy|possibly}} 下埃及的{{w|布陀}}
##: {{synonyms|egy|p}}
====其他形式====
{{egy-hieroforms
|<hiero>msn:n-niwt</hiero>|read1=msn|date1=新王國時期
|<hiero>msn:t*niwt</hiero>|read2=msnt|date2=希臘-羅馬化時期
|<hiero>ms-s-n:msn-t:niwt</hiero>|read3=msnt|date3=希臘-羅馬化時期}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|egy|p-msn}}
* {{l|egy|msn jmntj}}
* {{l|egy|msn jꜣbtj}}
* {{l|egy|nb-msn}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:egy:Wb|2|145.2}}
* Shonkwiler, Randy L. (2014) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210211202737/https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/SHONKWILERDISSERTATION.pdf The Behdetite: A Study of Horus the Behdetite from the Old Kingdom to the Conquest of Alexander]'', page 314 et seq.
* Gardiner, Alan (1944) “Horus the Beḥdetite” in ''The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'', volume 30, page 26
{{c|egy|城市}}
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tasřit n wenẓar
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==里菲安語==
{{was fwotd|rif|2026|5月|24日}}
===詞源===
{{lit|雨之新娘}}。{{inh+|rif|ber-pro|-}}。對照{{cog|kab|tislit n wenẓar}} 和{{ncog|ary|عروسة الشتا|tr=ʕrūsit eš-štā}}。
===發音===
* {{rif-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{rif-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# [[彩虹]]
#: {{uxa|rif|'''Tasřit n wenẓar''' ttiři d tawraɣt, d tazeggʷaɣt, d tazeyzawt.|'''彩虹'''是黃色、紅色和綠色的。}}
#* {{quote-song
|rif
|year=2024
|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkpwPIE_Ndo
|author=Mimoun Rafroua
|lyricist=Abderahim Faouzi
|title=Mamach Thadjid
|passage=Wa taziri yarɣen,<br>hwa-d a nemwennas<br>A ncebbec tiḍewḍin,<br>s wuřawen a nemřadas<br>A '''tasřit n wenẓar''',<br>x wudem n řebḥar temmars<br>Cenna ma ɣennjeɣ xam,<br>a tuṣebḥent n tefras
|t=喔,皎潔的月亮,<br>降臨吧,讓我們彼此相伴<br>讓我們十指交扣,<br>我們的心將緊緊相依<br>喔,'''彩虹''',<br>駐足在海面之上<br>為你歌唱是多麼美好,<br>喔,容顏美麗的你
}}
====屈折====
{{rif-infl-noun|tesřit n wenẓar}}
===參考資料===
* {{R|rif|Serhoual:2002|page=374}}
{{c|rif|自然}}
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==卡拜爾語==
{{was fwotd|kab|2026|7月|29日}}
{{kab-rootbox|q-b-l}}
===詞源===
{{root|kab|ar|ق ب ل}}
{{bor+|kab|arq|قبلة|tr=qabla}},源自{{der|kab|ar|قِبْلة}}。
===發音===
* {{kab-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=f|pl=-}}
# [[基卜拉]]{{gl|[[穆斯林]]在[[禮拜]]期間[[禱告]]時所需要朝向的[[方向]]}}
# {{lb|kab|引申}} [[東方]],[[東邊]]
#: {{syn|kab|ccerq}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
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local export = {}
local force_cat = false -- for debugging
local M = require("Module:module loader").init({
require = {
str_utils = "Module:string utilities",
utilities = "Module:utilities",
links = "Module:links",
headword = "Module:headword",
languages = "Module:languages",
parameters = "Module:parameters",
inflection_table = "Module:inflection-table",
},
loadData = {
radicals = "Module:roots/data/radicals",
},
lazy = {
concat = function() return table.concat end,
insert = function() return table.insert end,
},
})
local UI_STRINGS = {
no_langcode = "Please provide a language code.",
invalid_langcode = "Invalid language code: %s",
not_a_table = "rootTable is not a table",
min_radicals = "Root must have at least %s %s.",
max_radicals = "Root must have at most %s %s.",
unrecognized_pos = "Unrecognized %s radical %s in %s",
unrecognized_mem = "Unrecognized radical %s in %s",
not_single_letter = "'%s' in the root '%s' should be a single letter.",
invalid_validation = "Unknown validation model: %s",
only_one_root = "There should be only one root.",
bad_root = "Invalid %s root '%s': %s",
wrong_separator = "Radicals should be separated by '%s'.",
root_vs_pagename = "Root is different from the pagename.",
move_to_appendix = "The root page should be in the Appendix namespace. Please move it to : [[%s]]",
appendix_subpage = "Appendix:%s詞根/",
root_category = "詞根為%s%s的%s詞",
derived_category = "來自%s詞根%s%s的%s詞",
derived_language = "派生自%s的%s詞",
root_heading = "\n! [[w:%s|%s]]",
root_label = "詞根",
term_count = "%s個詞",
sense_wrapper = "‎ <span class=\"gloss-content\">(%s)</span>",
article_semitic = "en:Semitic root",
article_generic = "詞根",
}
local DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET = "bare"
local DEFAULT_HEADWORD = {}
local function split_root(root, separator)
if not separator then
return { root }
end
return mw.text.split(root, separator, true)
end
local function radicals_word(count)
return count == 1 and "radical" or "radicals"
end
function export.get_data_module_name(langcode)
return "Module:roots/data/" .. langcode
end
local function try_load_data(langcode)
local ok, data = pcall(mw.loadData, export.get_data_module_name(langcode))
if ok then
return data
end
return nil
end
function export.get_data(langcode)
return try_load_data(langcode)
end
local function get_lang_and_data(frame)
local code = frame.args["lang"]
if not code or code == "" then
error(UI_STRINGS.no_langcode)
end
local lang = M.languages.getByCode(code)
if not lang then
error(UI_STRINGS.invalid_langcode:format(code))
end
return lang, try_load_data(code) or {}
end
local function resolve_radicals(data)
if data.validation == "positional" or data.radicals then
return data.radicals
end
if data.shared_radicals then
return M.radicals[data.shared_radicals]
end
return nil
end
local function transliterate_root(root_string, romanization)
if not romanization then
return nil
end
local out = root_string
for _, pair in ipairs(romanization) do
out = M.str_utils.gsub(out, pair[1], pair[2])
end
return out
end
export.transliterate = transliterate_root
local function validate_root(rootTable, joined_root, data, radical_set)
if type(rootTable) ~= "table" then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_a_table
end
local len = #rootTable
if data.min_radicals and len < data.min_radicals then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.min_radicals:format(data.min_radicals, radicals_word(data.min_radicals))
end
if data.max_radicals and len > data.max_radicals then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.max_radicals:format(data.max_radicals, radicals_word(data.max_radicals))
end
if data.validation == "positional" then
for i, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do
local set, label
if i == 1 then
set, label = radical_set.initial, "initial"
elseif i == len then
set, label = radical_set.final, "final"
else
set, label = radical_set.medial, "medial"
end
if not set[radical] then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_pos:format(label, radical, joined_root)
end
end
elseif data.validation == "membership" then
for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do
if not radical_set[radical] then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.unrecognized_mem:format(radical, joined_root)
end
end
elseif data.validation == "single_letter" then
for _, radical in ipairs(rootTable) do
if mw.ustring.len(radical) ~= 1 then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.not_single_letter:format(radical, joined_root)
end
end
elseif data.validation ~= nil then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.invalid_validation:format(tostring(data.validation))
end
return true
end
local function link(term, alt, translit, id, lang)
if term == "" or term == "—" then
return term
end
return M.links.full_link({
term = term,
alt = alt ~= term and alt or nil,
tr = translit,
lang = lang,
id = id,
})
end
local function root_category(lang, source, root, qualifier)
local suffix = (qualifier and qualifier ~= "") and (" (" .. qualifier .. ")") or ""
if lang:getCode() == source:getCode() then
return UI_STRINGS.root_category:format(root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 語序
end
return UI_STRINGS.derived_category:format(
source:getCanonicalName(), root, suffix, lang:getFullName()) -- l10n: 語序
end
local function check_root(source, root)
local data = try_load_data(source:getCode())
if not data then
return true
end
local bare = (root:gsub("^%*", ""))
local radicals = split_root(bare, data.separator)
if data.separator and #radicals == 1 and mw.ustring.len(bare) > 1 then
return nil, UI_STRINGS.wrong_separator:format(data.separator)
end
return validate_root(radicals, bare, data, resolve_radicals(data))
end
function export.assert_root(source, root)
local ok, err = check_root(source, root)
if not ok then
error(UI_STRINGS.bad_root:format(source:getCanonicalName(), root, err))
end
return true
end
function export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids)
local categories = {}
ids = ids or {}
if lang:getCode() ~= source:getCode() then
M.insert(categories,
UI_STRINGS.derived_language:format(source:getCanonicalName(), lang:getFullName())) -- l10n: 語序
end
for index, root in ipairs(roots) do
M.insert(categories, root_category(lang, source, root, ids[index]))
export.assert_root(source, root)
end
return categories
end
function export.categorize(lang, source, roots, ids, sort_key)
return M.utilities.format_categories(
export.get_categories(lang, source, roots, ids), lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat)
end
function export.show(frame)
local params = {
[1] = { required = true, type = "language" },
[2] = { required = true, type = "language" },
[3] = { required = true, list = true },
["id"] = { list = true, allow_holes = true },
["sort"] = {},
}
local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params)
return export.categorize(args[1], args[2], args[3], args.id, args.sort)
end
function export.root(frame)
local lang, data = get_lang_and_data(frame)
local radical_set = resolve_radicals(data)
local link_target = data.link_target or DEFAULT_LINK_TARGET
local output = {}
local categories = {}
local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
local namespace = title.nsText
local params = {
[1] = { list = true },
["nocat"] = { type = "boolean" },
["plain"] = { type = "boolean" },
["notext"] = { type = "boolean" },
["sense"] = {},
}
if link_target == "bare" then
params["head"] = true
params["pagename"] = true
end
local args = M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, params)
local roots = args[1]
local roots_len = #roots
local plain = args["plain"]
if frame.args["plain"] then
plain = true
end
local separator = data.separator
local identity
local subpage = ""
if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then
subpage = UI_STRINGS.appendix_subpage:format(lang:getCanonicalName())
local fulltitle = title.fullText
fulltitle = M.str_utils.gsub(fulltitle, M.str_utils.gsub(subpage, "([^%w])", "%%%1"), "")
identity = fulltitle
else
identity = args["pagename"] or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename
end
local rootLetters = {}
if roots_len == 0 and not args["pagename"] and namespace == "Template" and data.preview_root then
M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(data.preview_root, separator))
elseif roots_len ~= 0 then
for _, root in ipairs(roots) do
M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(root, separator))
end
else
if link_target == "bare" then
local head = frame.args["head"]
if args["head"] ~= nil and identity ~= lang:stripDiacritics(args["head"]) then
error(UI_STRINGS.root_vs_pagename)
end
if head and args["head"] ~= nil then
identity = args["head"]
end
end
M.insert(rootLetters, split_root(identity, separator))
end
local joined_roots = {}
for i, rootLetter in ipairs(rootLetters) do
M.insert(joined_roots, M.concat(rootLetter, separator))
local ok, err = validate_root(rootLetter, joined_roots[i], data, radical_set)
if not ok then
error(err)
end
end
local sense = args["sense"]
local sense_formatted = ""
if sense ~= nil and sense ~= "" then
sense_formatted = UI_STRINGS.sense_wrapper:format(sense)
end
if identity == joined_roots[1] then
if link_target == "appendix_subpage" and namespace == "" then
error(UI_STRINGS.move_to_appendix:format(subpage .. joined_roots[1]))
end
if roots_len > 1 then
error(UI_STRINGS.only_one_root)
end
local headword_args = {
lang = lang,
pos_category = "詞根", -- l10n: 分類名
categories = {},
heads = { identity },
nomultiwordcat = true,
}
local headword_opts = data.headword or DEFAULT_HEADWORD
if headword_opts.translits then
headword_args.translits = { transliterate_root(identity, data.romanization) }
end
if headword_opts.noposcat then
headword_args.noposcat = true
elseif headword_opts.nolemmacat then
headword_args.nolemmacat = true
end
M.insert(output, M.headword.full_headword(headword_args))
if args["nocat"] then
return M.concat(output)
end
return M.concat(output) .. M.concat(categories)
else
local link_texts = {}
local term_counts = {}
for i, joined_root in ipairs(joined_roots) do
local link_text
if link_target == "appendix_subpage" then
link_text = subpage .. joined_root
else
link_text = joined_root
end
local translit = data.romanization and transliterate_root(joined_root, data.romanization) or nil
M.insert(link_texts, link(link_text, joined_root, translit, sense, lang) .. sense_formatted)
M.insert(categories, M.utilities.format_categories(
{ root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense) }, lang, nil, nil, force_cat))
M.insert(term_counts, mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory(
root_category(lang, lang, joined_root, sense), "pages"))
end
if args["nocat"] or plain then
if args["nocat"] then
return M.concat(link_texts, ", ")
end
return M.concat(link_texts, ", ") .. M.concat(categories)
else
local link_text_output = ""
-- l10n: 中文無單複數,詞數改用 UI_STRINGS.term_count
for i, link_text in ipairs(link_texts) do
link_text_output = link_text_output ..
"\n|-\n| " .. link_text ..
"\n|-\n| [[:Category:" ..
root_category(lang, lang, joined_roots[i], sense) ..
"|" .. UI_STRINGS.term_count:format(term_counts[i]) .. "]]\n"
end
local wikicode = M.inflection_table.make_top{
title = "-",
palette = data.palette,
class = "floatright tr-alongside"
}
local article = lang:inFamily("sem") and UI_STRINGS.article_semitic or UI_STRINGS.article_generic
wikicode = wikicode .. UI_STRINGS.root_heading:format(article, UI_STRINGS.root_label)
wikicode = wikicode .. link_text_output
wikicode = wikicode .. M.inflection_table.make_bottom{}
return wikicode .. M.concat(categories)
end
end
end
return export
3lz2txhkyiy0i9ylhrzbbw4vs6pleio
ul
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{{also|Appendix:"ul"的變體}}
==跨語言==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|mul|u-<t:微>|l<id:Q11582><t:公升>}}。
===符號===
{{mul-symbol}}
# {{senseid|mul|Q2282891}} {{lb|mul|度量衡學|非正式|proscribed}} {{alt form of|mul|µl<id:Q2282891>}}。
==英語==
===縮約形===
{{en-head|縮約形}}
# {{alt form|en|ull}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun}}
# {{lb|en|計算機}} {{alt form|en|UL||上傳}}。
===動詞===
{{en-verb|+!}}
# {{lb|en|計算機}} {{alt form|en|UL||上傳}}。
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=lu|LU|Lu|Lù|Lú|Lü|lu}}
==阿卡德語==
===詞源===
可能源自 {{m|akk|u|𒅇|tr=u}} + {{m|akk|lā|𒆷𒀀|tr=lā}},對應{{cog|hbo|וְלֹא|tr=wə-loʔ}}。亦對照 {{cog|hbo|אַל|tr=ʔal}}。
===發音===
{{akk-IPA}}
===助詞===
{{head|akk|助詞}}
# {{lb|akk|negation}} [[不]],[[非]](用於主句)
#: {{ux|akk|𒀀𒅗𒀠 𒀀𒇷𒅎 '''𒌑𒌌''' 𒉌𒄷𒊻
|tr=a-ka-al a-li-im '''u₂-ul''' ni-ḫu-uz
|norm=akal ālim '''ul''' nīḫuz
|t=我们'''没有'''拿镇上的食物。}}
====其他形式====
* {{alter|akk|ula||OAkk|OAss|OBab}}
{{cunsp
|sum=𒉡<tr:NU>
|phon=𒌑𒌌<tr:u₂-ul>
}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:akk:CAD|ul}}
==阿爾巴尼亞語==
===其他形式===
* {{alter|sq|unj}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|sq|sqj-pro|*wala}},源自 {{m|ine-pro|*wol-o-}},{{inh|sq|ine-pro|*wel-||壓到一起}} 的o階形式(對比{{cog|lt|valýti||清潔,打掃}}、{{cog|grc|εἰλέω||壓到一起}})。異體 {{m|sq|unj}} 源自 {{m|sq|*ulnj}},源自{{m+|sqj-pro|*walnja}},前者的使役態。
===動詞===
{{sq-verb|ula|ulur}}
# [[坐下]]
#: {{ux|sq|'''Ulem.'''|我坐下了。 {{qualifier|中動態}}}}
# [[放下]]
#: {{ux|sq|Ilir, '''uli''' krahët.|伊利尔,'''放下'''你的胳膊。}}
# 使[[彎曲]],使向[[下]][[傾斜]]
# [[落地]],[[降落]]
# [[減少]],[[減低]]
# [[關閉]],[[閉上]]
#: {{ux|sq|'''uli''' sytë|'''閉上'''你的雙眼}}
# [[拉]]下 {{qualifier|衣物}}
# {{lb|sq|比喻}} [[辱沒]],使[[卑微]]
====變位====
{{sq-conj-c-a-ur}}
{{sq-conj-2|ulur|ulem|ulesh|ulet|ulemi|uleni|ulen|ulesha|uleshe|ulesh (ulej)|uleshim|uleshit|uleshin|ula|ule|ul|ulëm|ulët|ulën|ulem|ulesh|ulet|ulsha|ulsh|ultë|ulshim|ulshi|ulshin|ulkam|ulke|ulka|ulkemi|ulkeni|ulkan|ulkësha|ulkëshe|ulkësh (ulkej)|ulkëshim|ulkëshit|ulkëshin|ulu|uluni}}
====近義詞====
* {{l|sq|lëshoj}}
* {{l|sq|poshtëroj}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|sq|ngrihem}}、{{l|sq|ngre}}
* {{l|sq|çohem}}、{{l|sq|çoj}}
* {{l|sq|ngjitem}}
* {{l|sq|ngrihem}}
* {{l|sq|rritet}}、{{l|sq|rris}}、{{l|sq|rrit}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|sq|ulët}}
* {{l|sq|ulur}} {{qualifier|分詞}}
* {{l|sq|ulem}} {{qualifier|中動態}}
* {{l|sq|përul}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sq|mbyll}}
* {{l|sq|përkulem}}
===延伸閱讀===
* [https://fjalorthi.com/ul] verb ''"ul"'' (engl.: lower, put down) • "Fjalor Shqip" (Albanian Dictionary)
==昂古魯克亞利語==
===名詞===
{{head|yli|名詞}}
# [[塵]],[[灰]]
===參考資料===
* Christiaan Fahner, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190403134050/https://www.papuaerfgoed.org/files/fahner_1979_morphology.pdf The morphology of Yali and Dani]'' (1979), page 156
==阿桑語==
===名詞===
{{head|xss|名詞}}
# [[水]]
===參考資料===
*{{cite-book |last=Werner |first=Heinrich |title=Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts |year=2005 |publisher=Harrassowitz |isbn=978-3-447-05239-9 |series=Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica |location=Wiesbaden}}
==布列塔尼語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|br|un|qq=在 n, d, t, 和元音前}}
* {{alt|br|ur}}
===冠詞===
{{head|br|冠詞}}
# {{n-g|不定冠詞}}
==卡拜爾語==
[[File:Pronounciation of the word "Ul" in the Kabyle language by region.svg|250px|thumb|{{lang|kab|ul}} 一詞的發音地圖{{ref|{{R:kab:Guerrab:2014|pages=234-235}}}}]]
===詞源===
{{inh+|kab|ber-pro|*ulβ}},{{inh+|kab|afa-pro|*lib-||心臟}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|kab|/ul/}}
** {{IPA|kab|[ul]|[ulʳ]|a=Greater Kabylia, Lesser Kabylia}}
** {{IPA|kab|[uj]|[ulʲ]|a=Greater Kabylia}}
** {{IPA|kab|[ud͡z]|a=Lesser Kabylia}}
===名詞===
{{kab-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ulawen}}
# {{lb|kab|解剖學}} [[心臟]]
# [[內心]]
====屈折====
{{kab-infl-noun|wul|ulawen|wulawen}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:kab:Amawal}}
* {{R:kab:Dallet:1982}}
{{reflist}}
{{C|kab|解剖學}}
==立窩尼亞語==
===詞源===
{{inh+|liv|urj-fin-pro|*hullu}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|hullu}}。
===發音===
{{liv-p}}
===形容詞===
{{liv-adj}}
# [[瘋狂]]的,[[發瘋]]的
# [[野性]]的,[[狂野]]的
====變格====
{{liv-decl|99}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:liv:LEL}}
==新挪威語==
===詞源1===
可能與 {{m|nn|hyl}} 有關。
====名詞====
{{nn-noun-m1}}
# [[嗥]]
===詞源2===
====動詞====
{{head|nn|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|nn|ula||imp}}
===詞源3===
====形容詞====
{{nn-adj-1}}
# 半[[腐爛]]的
=====相關詞彙=====
* {{l|nn|ulna}}
{{C|nn|聲音類型}}
==波蘭語==
{{wp|pl:}}
===其他形式===
* {{alt|pl|uł||Middle Polish}}
===詞源===
{{dercat|pl|ine-bsl-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
{{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|ul}},{{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*ulьjь}}。
===發音===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-ul.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-ul.wav|mp=#}}
===名詞===
{{pl-noun|m-in|dim=ulik|adj=ulowy}}
# [[蜂巢]]
#* {{quote-book|pl|author=Tadeusz Konwicki|title=Bohiń|location=Wrocław|publisher=Siedmioróg|year=1992|passage=W białej szacie, w kapeluszu z welonem okrywającym twarz, z dymnikiem w ręku, którym odstraszał pszczoły, chodził od '''ula''' do '''ula''', podnosił daszki gontowe, zaglądał do środka i coś tam poprawiał w tym wnętrzu wypełnionym buczeniem rozdrażnionych pszczół.|translation=他身穿白色长袍,头戴面纱遮面的帽子,手里拿着一个用来吓走蜜蜂的熏蜂器,挨个'''蜂巢'''走去,掀开瓦片屋顶,往里看,调整里面什么东西,那里充满了受惊蜜蜂的嗡嗡声。}}
#* {{quote-book|pl|author=Jan Józef Szczepański|title=Polska jesień|location=Wrocław|publisher=Siedmioróg|year=1995|passage=Jednym skokiem znalazł się przy Kanterze i pociągnął go za sobą. Pobiegłem za nimi, zaciskając zęby. Maleńki ogródek, który jeszcze niedawno urągał grozie wojny jaskrawością georginii i astrów, był teraz smutnym, rozkopanym ugorem, śmietniskiem poprzewracanych i połamanych '''ulów''', nad którymi rój rozwścieczonych owadów wirował brzęczącą chmarą w skwarze i dławiącej woni prochu.|translation=他一跃而到坎特身边,拖着他继续往前走。我咬牙切齿地追了上去。不久前还盛开着水仙花和紫菀,在战争的恐怖中顽强生存的小花园,如今已变成一片凄凉的废墟,到处都是翻倒破碎的'''蜂箱''',一群愤怒的昆虫在灼热的空气和令人窒息的火药味中嗡嗡盘旋。}}
#* {{quote-book|pl|author=Wiesław Myśliwski|title=Traktat o łuskaniu fasoli|location=Kraków|publisher=Społeczny Instytut Znak|year=2007|isbn=9788324008919|passage=Nie zaczynała jeszcze gryka kwitnąć, już wstawiał w nią '''ule'''. Chodziłem patrzeć, jak wybiera z tych '''uli''' miód.|translation=荞麦还没开始开花,他就已经在里面放'''蜂箱'''了。我会去看他从'''蜂箱'''里提取蜂蜜。}}
# {{lb|pl|俚語}} [[監獄]]
====變格====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in|u|l|a|genp=uli/ulów}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|pl|title=形容詞|ulowaty}}
{{col|pl|title=名詞|ulica|ulownica}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:qfa-yen:Fortescue–Vajda:2022|page=257|passage=ul}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
* {{R:pl:SXVII|*UL|9010|SPas|06.11.2018}}
* {{R:pl:Bruckner}}
{{C|pl|動物住處|養蜂|監獄}}
==薩語==
===名詞===
{{head|sax|名詞}}
# [[月亮]]
===參考資料===
* Darrell T. Tryon, ''New Hebrides languages: an internal classification'' (1976)
==索馬里語==
===詞源===
和{{cog|ymm|ul}}、{{cog|rel|ul}}、{{cog|jii|olé}}、{{cog|om|ulee}}、{{cog|kxc|uleeta}} 同源。亦對照{{cog|aa|ilo|t=棍棒、手杖}} 和{{ncog|egy|jꜣꜣt|t=杆、树枝}}。
===發音===
*{{IPA|so|/ˈʔúl/}}
*{{hyph|so|ul}}
===名詞===
{{so-noun|g=f|head=úl|pl=ulo|gpl=m}}
# [[棍]],[[棒]]
#: {{syn|so|tib}}
====屈折====
{{so-decl|singular|úl|uli|uleed|ulyahay}}
{{so-det|singular|ush|d}}
===參考資料===
*{{R:QAS2012|ul|823}}
==施盧赫語==
[[File:Human heart diagram from Outlines of Human Physiology; Designed for the Use of the Higher Classes in Common Schools (1834) (14803245943).jpg|thumb|{{lang|shi|اول [[n|ن]] [[afgan|وفڭان]] }}]]
===詞源===
{{etymon|shi|:inh|shi-med:اُولْ<tr:ul><t:心臟><ref:{{R:shi:Tunirt|page=8}}><ety:inh<ber-pro:*ulβ<t:心臟>>>|text=++|tree=1}}和{{cog|taq|ul|ulh|t=心臟}}、{{cog|egy|jb|t=心臟}}、{{cog|ar|لُبّ|t=心臟}}同源。
===發音===
* {{shi-IPA}}
===名詞===
{{shi-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ulawn}}
# {{lb|shi|解剖學}} [[心臟]]
#: {{uxa|shi|سبحانَهُ ، '''اولاون''' اغ يتّمناد ربّي.|tr=Subḥanahu, ulawn a ɣ ittmnad Ṛbbi.|t=赞美他,主察看的是人'''心'''。}}
====屈折====
{{shi-infl-noun|wul|ulawn|wulawn}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|shi
|ulawn n tayni <t:棕櫚枝>
}}
===參見===
{{col|shi
|tasa<t:肝臟>
|turt<t:肺>
|tiɣssa<t:身體>
}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist|size=smaller}}
* {{R:shi:DBTF|I|page=2865b}}
==圖阿雷格語==
===其他形式===
* [[ulh]] {{qualifier|Tamasheq}}
===詞源===
{{inh+|tmh|ber-pro|*ulβ}},{{inh+|tmh|afa-pro|*lib-||心臟}}。
===名詞===
{{tmh-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ulawen}}
# {{lb|tmh|Tamahaq}} [[心臟]]
==瓦利語 (蘇丹)==
===發音===
{{rfp|wll}}
===名詞===
{{head|wll|名詞}}
# [[嘴巴]]
===參考資料===
* Amy Krell, ''Rapid Appraisal Sociolinguistic Survey Among Ama, Karko, and Wali Language Groups'' (2012, SIL ''Journal of Language Survey Reports'')
==西佛蘭德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|vls|/øl/}}
* {{rhymes|vls|øl}}
===名詞===
{{vls-noun|m|uls|ulletje}}
# [[蓋子]]
m2pbwa559p7ophojby07gcgytom387k
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==英语==
{{wp|en:}}
===词源===
至少从20世纪30年代开始就出现,但在水门事件丑闻后在美国流行起来,在此期间谈话记录中的詈词被“[EXPLETIVE DELETED]”过滤。
===發音===
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-expletive deleted.wav|a=US}}
===名詞===
{{en-noun|~|s|expletives deleted}}
# {{lb|en|euphemistic|humorous}} {{non-gloss|用以充當任何[[詈詞]]。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2000|title=The Crossland Shootout, Adventures of a Photojournalists|author=John W. Myers|page=64|passage=His most graphic threat was should I ever commit such a grave violation of his privacy, he would "rip your (string of '''expletives deleted''') head off and ('''expletives deleted''' meaning "to defecate") down your (string of '''expletives deleted''') neck."|t=他最骇人的威胁是,如果我胆敢如此严重地侵犯他的隐私,他就会“把你的('''脏话已删除''')脑袋撕下来,然后把('''脏话已删除''',意思是“拉屎”)拉到你的('''脏话已删除''')脖子上”。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2013|author=J. David Markham; Mike Resnick|title=History Revisited: The Great Battles, Eminent Historians Take on the Great Works of Alternative History|publisher=. BenBella Books|isbn=9781935251613|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=pkL-3cao5ngC&lpg=PA41&dq=%22expletive%20deleted%20you%22&pg=PA41#v=onepage&q=%22expletive%20deleted%20you%22&f=false|page=41
|passage=Because you sold him out just to have a martyr, you '''expletive deleted'''.|t=因为你为了树立一个烈士而出卖了他,你这个'''贱人'''。}}
===形容詞===
{{en-adj|-}}
# {{lb|en|euphemistic|humorous}} {{non-gloss|用以充當任何[[詈詞]]。}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2003|author=Toby Miller|chapter=What It Is and What It Isn’t: Cultural Studies Meets Graduate Student Labor|editors=Austin Sarat; Jonathan Simon|title=Cultural Analysis, Cultural Studies, and the Law: Moving Beyond Legal Realism|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=9780822384755|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TcJmJNEb-cC&lpg=PA90&dq=%22some%20expletive-deleted%22&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q=%22some%20expletive-deleted%22&f=false|page=90
|passage=You are paid a lot of money; kindly do some '''expletive-deleted''' work.|t=你拿着高薪;'''我去你的''',请你做点活儿吧。}}
===動詞===
{{head|en|動詞}}
# {{lb|en|rare|euphemistic|humorous}} 與……[[性交]];[[肏]];[[幹]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1993|author=Steve Allen|title=Make ’em laugh|publisher=Prometheus Books|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4tZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22expletive+deleted+you%22&dq=%22expletive+deleted+you%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y|page=293|passage=I’d like to '''expletive deleted''' you.''<br/>''Oh, expletive, that’s what I’d like to do.|t=我真想跟你'''那个'''。<br>哦,该死,我真想这么做。}}
====同義詞====
* {{l|en|discuss Uganda}}、{{l|en|get into someone's pants}}、{{l|en|see someone's etchings}};参见 [[Thesaurus:copulate]] 及 [[Thesaurus:copulate with]]
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=冬温夏凊|alt=冬溫夏清|type=22|lit=冬天使其溫暖,夏天使其涼爽}}
===詞源===
出自《禮記·曲禮上》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,'''@冬溫''' 而 '''@夏凊{qìng}''',昏定 而 晨省。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:'''冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床''';傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōngwēnxiàqìng,dōngwēnxiàjìng,1nb=中國大陸,2nb=臺灣
|c=dung1 wan1 haa6 zing6,dung1 wan1 haa6 cing3
|mc=1,1,2,1
|oc=1;1;2;1
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|Confucianism}} 指[[事親至孝]]、[[侍奉]][[無微不至]]
# {{lb|zh|broadly|rare}} 指[[環境]][[氣候]][[溫和]][[宜人]]、[[冬暖夏涼]]
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|48677}}
* {{R:zh:HYDCD}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=동온하정}}
# {{hanja form of|동온하정}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=冬温夏凊|alt=冬溫夏清|type=22|lit=冬天使其溫暖,夏天使其涼爽}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為 人子 之 禮,'''@冬溫''' 而 '''@夏凊{qìng}''',昏定 而 晨省。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:'''冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床''';傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōngwēnxiàqìng,dōngwēnxiàjìng,1nb=中國大陸,2nb=臺灣
|c=dung1 wan1 haa6 zing6,dung1 wan1 haa6 cing3
|mc=1,1,2,1
|oc=1;1;2;1
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|Confucianism}} 指[[事親至孝]]、[[侍奉]][[無微不至]]
# {{lb|zh|broadly|rare}} 指[[環境]][[氣候]][[溫和]][[宜人]]、[[冬暖夏涼]]
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|昏定晨省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|48677}}
* {{R:zh:HYDCD}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=동온하정}}
# {{hanja form of|동온하정}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=冬温夏凊|alt=冬溫夏清|type=22|lit=冬天使其溫暖,夏天使其涼爽}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為{wéi} 人子 之 禮,'''@冬溫''' 而 '''@夏凊{qìng}''',昏定 而 晨省。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:'''冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床''';傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōngwēnxiàqìng,dōngwēnxiàjìng,1nb=中國大陸,2nb=臺灣
|c=dung1 wan1 haa6 zing6,dung1 wan1 haa6 cing3
|mc=1,1,2,1
|oc=1;1;2;1
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|Confucianism}} 指[[事親至孝]]、[[侍奉]][[無微不至]]
# {{lb|zh|broadly|rare}} 指[[環境]][[氣候]][[溫和]][[宜人]]、[[冬暖夏涼]]
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|昏定晨省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|48677}}
* {{R:zh:HYDCD}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=동온하정}}
# {{hanja form of|동온하정}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=冬温夏凊|alt=冬溫夏清|type=22|lit=冬天使其溫暖,夏天使其涼爽}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為{wéi} 人子 之 禮,'''@冬溫''' 而 '''@夏凊{qìng}''',昏定 而 晨省。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:'''冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床''';傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōngwēnxiàqìng,dōngwēnxiàjìng,1nb=中國大陸,2nb=臺灣
|c=dung1 wan1 haa6 zing6,dung1 wan1 haa6 cing3
|mc=1,1,2,1
|oc=1;1;2;1
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|Confucianism}} 指[[事親至孝]]、[[侍奉]][[無微不至]]
# 指[[環境]][[氣候]][[溫和]][[宜人]]、[[冬暖夏涼]]
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|昏定晨省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|48677}}
* {{R:zh:HYDCD}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=동온하정}}
# {{hanja form of|동온하정}}
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=冬温夏凊|alt=冬溫夏清|type=22|lit=冬天使其溫暖,夏天使其涼爽}}
===詞源===
出自《[[s:禮記/曲禮上|禮記.曲禮上]]》:
: {{zh-x|凡 為{wéi} 人子 之 禮,'''@冬溫''' 而 '''@夏凊{qìng}''',昏定 而 晨省。|對所有的子女來說,這都是規矩:'''冬天為父母暖床,夏天為父母涼床''';傍晚為父母調節一切,早上詢問父母的健康狀況。|ref=Liji|collapsed=y}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=dōngwēnxiàqìng,dōngwēnxiàjìng,1nb=中國大陸,2nb=臺灣
|c=dung1 wan1 haa6 zing6,dung1 wan1 haa6 cing3
|mc=1,1,2,1
|oc=1;1;2;1
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# {{lb|zh|literary|Confucianism}} 指[[事親至孝]]、[[侍奉]][[無微不至]]
# {{lb|zh|引申}} 指[[環境]][[氣候]][[溫和]][[宜人]]、[[冬暖夏涼]]
#* {{zh-x|宮闕 常年 觀 白浪,冬溫.夏凊{qìng} 真 佳況。||CI|ref=陳毅《蝶戀花·訪問亞洲三國》}}
====同義詞====
* {{zh-l|昏定晨省}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|48677}}
* {{R:zh:HYDCD}}
{{Cln|zh|來自《禮記》的成語}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=동온하정}}
# {{hanja form of|동온하정}}
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Module:Zh-generateforms
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Public class
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Public class移动页面[[Module:Zh-generateforms]]至[[Module:Zh-generatealternants]]:sync with en code
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return require [[Module:Zh-generatealternants]]
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=gōnggāozhènzhǔ
|c=gung1 gou1 zan3 zyu2
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# [[個人]][[功勞]]極大,使[[君主]]或[[上層]][[地位]]受[[威脅]]而心生[[猜忌]]
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local labels = {}
local handlers = {}
labels["柏柏爾語型動詞"] = {
description = "採用柏柏爾語型屈折的{{{langname}}}動詞。",
parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的動詞", sort = "Berber-morphology verbs"}},
breadcrumb = "依屈折分類的動詞",
}
labels["阿拉伯語型動詞"] = {
description = "採用阿拉伯語型屈折的{{{langname}}}動詞。",
parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的動詞", sort = "Arabic-morphology verbs"}},
breadcrumb = "依屈折分類的動詞",
}
return {LABELS = labels, HANDLERS = handlers}
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return {generate = function (params, entry)
-- Normalize POS section headers
-- l10n: 詞類與章節名稱中文化
if params.pos == "集合名詞" or params.pos == "個體名詞" or params.pos == "名詞變格形" then
entry.pos_header = "名詞"
elseif params.pos == "形容詞變格形" then
entry.pos_header = "形容詞"
elseif params.pos == "動詞變位形式" then
entry.pos_header = "動詞"
end
-- l10n: 值改為文字代碼,供下方取中文文字名稱
local script_labels = {
Arabic = "Arab",
Tifinagh = "Tfng",
}
local lang_code = params.lang:getCode()
-- Handle alternative script spellings (Arabic, Tifinagh)
if script_labels[params.form] then
local gender_part = ""
-- Skip appending gender for collective, singulative, and noun forms
-- l10n: 詞類名稱中文化
if params.gender and params.pos ~= "集合名詞" and params.pos ~= "個體名詞" and params.pos ~= "名詞變格形" then
gender_part = "|g=" .. params.gender
end
entry.head = "{{" .. lang_code .. "-head|" .. params.pos .. gender_part .. "}}"
-- l10n: 本站 {{spelling of}} 用文字的中文名稱
local script_name = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(script_labels[params.form]):getCanonicalName()
entry.def = "{{spelling of|" .. lang_code .. "|" .. script_name .. "|" .. params.origin .. "}}"
return
end
-- Handle custom verb forms
local verb_spec = params.form:match("^verb%-form%-%+?(.*)$")
if verb_spec then
-- l10n: 詞類與章節名稱中文化
entry.override = "\n===動詞===\n{{rif-head|動詞變位形式|" .. verb_spec .. "}}"
return
end
-- Handle noun form inflections
-- l10n: 詞類名稱中文化
if params.pos == "名詞" or params.pos == "名詞變格形" or params.pos == "集合名詞" or params.pos == "個體名詞" then
entry.head = "{{rif-head|名詞變格形}}"
end
end}
n0pnktk10rm8e2zqu367zyoq5ebiyle
Module:Accel/gho
828
3540696
9934908
2026-09-30T16:00:10Z
TongcyBot
83009
搬自 enwikt
9934908
Scribunto
text/plain
return {generate = function (params, entry)
-- Handle custom verb forms with IPA
local ipa_form, verb_spec = params.form:match("^verb%-form%-ipa%((.-)%)%-%+?(.*)$")
if verb_spec then
-- l10n: 詞類與章節名稱中文化
local new_section = "\n===發音===\n* {{gho-IPA|"
.. ipa_form
.. "}}\n\n===動詞===\n{{gho-head|動詞變位形式|"
.. verb_spec
.. "}}"
if entry.override and entry.override:find(new_section, 1, true) then
return
end
entry.override = (entry.override or "") .. new_section
return
end
-- Handle noun forms
-- l10n: 詞類名稱中文化
if params.pos == "名詞" or params.pos == "名詞變格形" then
entry.head = "{{gho-head|名詞變格形}}"
end
end}
6x86qlp3sr429omug3idtv5d4hu3f9w
Module:Accel/shi
828
3540697
9934909
2026-09-30T16:00:13Z
TongcyBot
83009
搬自 enwikt
9934909
Scribunto
text/plain
return {generate = function (params, entry)
-- l10n: 詞類與章節名稱中文化
if params.pos == "集合名詞" or params.pos == "個體名詞" or params.pos == "名詞變格形" then
entry.pos_header = "名詞"
elseif params.pos == "動詞變位形式" then
entry.pos_header = "動詞"
end
-- l10n: 值改為文字代碼,供下方取中文文字名稱
local script_labels = {
Arabic = "Arab",
Tifinagh = "Tfng",
}
local lang_code = params.lang:getCode()
if script_labels[params.form] then
local gender_part = ""
-- l10n: 詞類名稱中文化
if params.gender and params.pos ~= "集合名詞" and params.pos ~= "個體名詞" and params.pos ~= "名詞變格形" then
gender_part = "|g=" .. params.gender
end
local tr_part = ""
if params.form == "Arabic" and params.origin then
tr_part = "|tr=" .. params.origin
end
entry.head = "{{" .. lang_code .. "-head|" .. params.pos .. gender_part .. tr_part .. "}}"
-- l10n: 本站 {{spelling of}} 用文字的中文名稱
local script_name = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(script_labels[params.form]):getCanonicalName()
entry.def = "{{spelling of|" .. lang_code .. "|" .. script_name .. "|" .. params.origin .. "}}"
return
end
-- l10n: 詞類名稱中文化
if params.pos == "名詞" or params.pos == "名詞變格形" or params.pos == "集合名詞" or params.pos == "個體名詞" then
entry.head = "{{shi-head|名詞變格形}}"
end
end}
t6sq4zdbzodkzkp5e42ba1fglerjfpk
ungenutzt
0
3540698
9934912
2026-09-30T16:02:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|genützt}} ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|un-|genutzt}} {{af|de|un-|genutzt}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡st/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutzt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj}} # 未被[[使用]]的,未被[[利用]]的 #: {{ant|de|genutzt}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}}」的新頁面
9934912
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|genützt}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|un-|genutzt}}
{{af|de|un-|genutzt}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡st/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutzt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# 未被[[使用]]的,未被[[利用]]的
#: {{ant|de|genutzt}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
oa6opkun3uy4we5c4jk22wyox8uad4l
ungenutzter
0
3540699
9934914
2026-09-30T16:02:50Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutzter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}」的新頁面
9934914
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutzter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}
de1trmf8h3eib625zo3urd6ycgyw90f
ungenutzten
0
3540700
9934915
2026-09-30T16:02:53Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutzten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}」的新頁面
9934915
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutzten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}
bmjnov13kzedmymufgg78oa08bx4ltg
ungenutztem
0
3540701
9934916
2026-09-30T16:02:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutztem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}」的新頁面
9934916
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutztem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}
ffe91w9xtsp8q52uj18mm97a00nbjry
ungenutzte
0
3540702
9934917
2026-09-30T16:03:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stə/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutzte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}」的新頁面
9934917
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutzte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}
hckgmvwh2j72n5pea0w2t7l1l76aw7g
ungenutztes
0
3540703
9934918
2026-09-30T16:03:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungenutztes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}」的新頁面
9934918
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌnʊt͡stəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungenutztes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungenutzt}}
4y1jmdykqytw3rk44745vue4cur5qoa
brachgelegen
0
3540704
9934926
2026-09-30T16:05:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|brachliegen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9934926
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|brachliegen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
lmsutph1mtspb8s7n36ir97uce3oeti
brachliegender
0
3540705
9934927
2026-09-30T16:06:05Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegender.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegender2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}」的新頁面
9934927
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegender.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegender2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}
c731mav75m5r7h2mfxr8pbphs11n401
brachliegenden
0
3540706
9934928
2026-09-30T16:06:07Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegenden.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegenden2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}」的新頁面
9934928
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegenden2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}
2u0nhb4bvqo8kx0qszftbct8nvo9ltd
brachliegendem
0
3540707
9934929
2026-09-30T16:06:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegendem.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegendem2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}」的新頁面
9934929
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegendem2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}
9sstjzdztw58hcrgaxm3jrtkt2betbx
brachliegende
0
3540708
9934930
2026-09-30T16:06:16Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegende.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegende2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}」的新頁面
9934930
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩də/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegende.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegende2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}
aypc6fuxhwiv2cgh5sy8l0ji9uk3bmi
brachliegendes
0
3540709
9934931
2026-09-30T16:06:18Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegendes.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegendes2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}」的新頁面
9934931
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡn̩dəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegendes2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachliegend}}
qyc7tedd70nvgyrk45le7zxq4e7bfxb
brachgelegener
0
3540710
9934932
2026-09-30T16:06:49Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegener.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}」的新頁面
9934932
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegener.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}
syg34b3h0s4n6aepsswm9e271v08sw6
brachgelegenen
0
3540711
9934933
2026-09-30T16:06:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənən/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}」的新頁面
9934933
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}
tmrvvs8wgmiifycn4sml59nv4f8bmyu
brachgelegenem
0
3540712
9934934
2026-09-30T16:06:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}」的新頁面
9934934
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}
6q1gfkkwvca1xcbjeel9fh3k3hj0azk
brachgelegene
0
3540713
9934935
2026-09-30T16:06:59Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənə/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegene.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}」的新頁面
9934935
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegene.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}
0f7tk5g8iiouvnbreovqcxoogt233e8
brachgelegenes
0
3540714
9934936
2026-09-30T16:07:01Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}」的新頁面
9934936
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxɡəˌleːɡənəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachgelegenes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|brachgelegen}}
ggwoirypi9xzctz0wpqngbyhnzs2z7s
brachzuliegen
0
3540715
9934938
2026-09-30T16:07:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxt͡suˌliːɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachzuliegen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachzuliegen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|brachliegen}}」的新頁面
9934938
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxt͡suˌliːɡn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachzuliegen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachzuliegen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|brachliegen}}
epg4ihrplo3l9dr4305vket0w1j04gk
liege brach
0
3540716
9934939
2026-09-30T16:07:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌliːɡə ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-liege brach.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9934939
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌliːɡə ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-liege brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
78zgmhlmjodoshk9liqz8ux8rxn495t
liegt brach
0
3540717
9934940
2026-09-30T16:07:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌliːkt ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-liegt brach.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9934940
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌliːkt ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-liegt brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}
bc9wx2fowko2km7u331ywmfsiwdumtb
lag brach
0
3540718
9934941
2026-09-30T16:08:04Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlaːk ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-lag brach.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|pret}}」的新頁面
9934941
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlaːk ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lag brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|pret}}
l6o12tymemeghvv04k7j83unzsaaz96
liegen brach
0
3540719
9934942
2026-09-30T16:08:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌliːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-liegen brach.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-liegen brach2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9934942
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌliːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-liegen brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-liegen brach2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
g99h9aiglhjuoyaeu2f4xmcfsf4kah2
lagen brach
0
3540720
9934943
2026-09-30T16:08:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlaːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/|/ˌlaːɡŋ̩ ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-lagen brach.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|pret}}」的新頁面
9934943
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlaːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/|/ˌlaːɡŋ̩ ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lagen brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|pret}}
a1w7gt99hqqhr0p3psb5ujb3xdzyvpa
läge brach
0
3540721
9934944
2026-09-30T16:08:53Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlɛːɡə ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-läge brach.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9934944
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlɛːɡə ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-läge brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|sub|II}}
qkpfc62ndxwc2mrc6h4k3f6rkkbnjz1
lägen brach
0
3540722
9934945
2026-09-30T16:08:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlɛːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/|/ˌlɛːɡŋ̩ ˈbʁaːx/}} * {{audio|de|De-lägen brach.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-lägen brach2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9934945
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlɛːɡn̩ ˈbʁaːx/|/ˌlɛːɡŋ̩ ˈbʁaːx/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lägen brach.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-lägen brach2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|sub|II}}
cw3rha2mhyhyydeaz1dw6gwplrk617u
brachliege
0
3540723
9934946
2026-09-30T16:09:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliege.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9934946
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːɡə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliege.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}
do3jr56gzqkj6fv6uamjipw3jy5a6an
brachliegt
0
3540724
9934947
2026-09-30T16:09:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːkt/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachliegt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9934947
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌliːkt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachliegt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}
i62q704m3wxt2pwtg107vf8qgdotkgo
brachlag
0
3540725
9934948
2026-09-30T16:09:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːk/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachlag.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9934948
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachlag.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|dep|pret}}
ezqkka9de9vlczw6dhy5465h644n9ec
brachlagen
0
3540726
9934950
2026-09-30T16:09:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːɡn̩/|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːɡŋ̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachlagen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9934950
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːɡn̩/|/ˈbʁaːxˌlaːɡŋ̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachlagen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|dep|pret}}
t1wp0q5ja6sh0d3srlf4mctvwgavmbk
brachläge
0
3540727
9934951
2026-09-30T16:09:44Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachläge.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9934951
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachläge.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
msdwe5jv0kxb723c3vcad50njyrfq3t
brachlägen
0
3540728
9934952
2026-09-30T16:09:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡn̩/|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡŋ̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-brachlägen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-brachlägen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9934952
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡn̩/|/ˈbʁaːxˌlɛːɡŋ̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachlägen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-brachlägen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|brachliegen||1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
requld1w08yzax9wstfw44th60mtgni
Module:Ber-headword/doc
828
3540729
9934958
2026-09-30T16:11:27Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934958
wikitext
text/x-wiki
本模組實現各柏柏爾語的標題行模板,例如 {{tl|rif-head}}、{{tl|kab-head}}、{{tl|shi-head}}。
模板只把語言代碼以 {{para|lang}} 傳給模組,不傳其他參數。例如 {{tl|rif-head}} 的內容是:
<pre>
{{#invoke:ber-headword|show|lang=rif}}<!--
--><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>
</pre>
{{module cat|auj,ber-fog,ber-zuw,cnu,gha,gho,gnc,jbn,kab,mzb,rif,sds,shi,shy,siz,sjs,swn,tez,tmh,tzm,zen,zgh}}
ogfx31mri8xp8f2ec39bir6jnu8jcgt
Template:Auj-head/doc
10
3540730
9934959
2026-09-30T16:11:30Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934959
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成奧吉拉語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{auj-head|名詞|g=f|pl=tvurr|pagename=tavvùrt}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
svnkx0i0gwepk26pqa1b5hh0z23mmrf
Template:Ber-fog-head/doc
10
3540731
9934960
2026-09-30T16:11:32Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934960
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成福加哈語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{ber-fog-head|名詞|g=p|pagename=aman}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
73d33crjdeebg6dla85sm5gmhpelmi0
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成謝努瓦語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{cnu-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ifassen|f=hafust|pagename=fus}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
bk2kl1mi1i0pu0omulgtl7d7c7duxtm
Template:Gha-head/doc
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TongcyBot
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成加達梅斯語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gha-head|名詞|g=p|pagename=aman}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
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wikitext
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{{documentation subpage}}
本模板用於生成[[:Category:戈瑪拉語詞元|戈瑪拉語]]動詞的變位表,阿拉伯語型與柏柏爾語型兩種形態層皆可使用。由 [[Module:gho-conj]] 實現。
帶重音的詞幹(重拼)取自同一頁面上 {{temp|gho-IPA}} 的第一個參數;該模板沒有第一個參數時,以頁面名稱代替。
==語法==
<pre>{{gho-conj|PARADIGM[:STEM][.FIELD[:VALUE]]…}}</pre>
{| class="wikitable"
! 部分 !! 意義
|-
| <code>PARADIGM</code> || 必填。<code>ar</code> 表示阿拉伯語型動詞,<code>ber</code> 表示柏柏爾語型動詞。決定所用的範式、表格與分類。
|-
| <code>:STEM</code> || 覆寫詞幹。<code>ber</code> 填非完整體詞幹;<code>ar</code> 填未完成時詞幹,或單獨一個 <code>a</code>、<code>i</code>、<code>u</code>,表示中空動詞與末尾為 ''a'' 的動詞所用的元音。填 <code>-</code> 表示不生成該部分。不需要時省略。
|-
| <code>:STEM1:STEM2</code> || 動詞有多個詞幹時使用,每個詞幹都可以帶自己的註腳。多個重拼的用法相同:{{temp|gho-IPA|bnu|ḇnu}} 給出兩個帶重音的詞幹。模組會變位每一種組合並合併結果,所以只有重音不同的兩個詞幹會合併成一個帶兩種重拼的詞形,而不是兩行看起來相同的詞形。最多八種組合。
|-
| <code>.imp:X</code> || 覆寫命令式詞幹。<code>.imp:-</code> 表示不生成命令式。
|-
| <code>.caus</code> || 僅限柏柏爾語型。把動詞當作 ''ss''- 使役動詞處理。詞條已有 {{temp|causative of|gho}} 時會自動偵測,不需要填。
|-
| <code>.perf:S1[:S2]</code> || 僅限柏柏爾語型。完整體詞幹,用於無法從所屬類別推導出完整體的動詞。見[[#自行指定完整體的動詞]]。
|-
| <code>.type:N[,N]</code> || 僅限柏柏爾語型。''cc''/''C'' 的推導類型,1、2 或 3。雙輔音動詞必須在規格中寫明類型才屬於該類,因為無法從詞形判斷:''nes'' 是第 2 型,''meḏ'' 卻是第 3 型,兩者骨架相同。見[[#cc/C 類型]]。
|-
| <code>.SLOT:VALUE</code> || 直接替換某一個欄位,用於模組無法預測的不規則形。<code>SLOT+SLOT2:VALUE</code> 一次替換多個欄位,<code>SLOT:VALUE:VALUE2</code> 給出多個變體,<code>SLOT:-</code> 刪除該欄位。欄位名稱就是變位表使用的名稱,例如 <code>perfective_sg3m</code>、<code>imperfect_pl2</code>、<code>aorist_participle</code>、<code>inj</code>。名稱寫錯時會報錯並列出所有有效名稱。
|-
| <code>[footnote]</code> || 附加註腳,顯示在表格下方。加在詞幹上時涵蓋由該詞幹生成的詞形,加在覆寫值上時只涵蓋該詞形,單獨使用時(如 <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu.[過時]}}</code>)涵蓋所有詞形。
|-
| <code>.addnote[SLOTS][note]</code> || 為指定欄位附加註腳,不覆寫欄位內容。多個欄位以逗號分隔。
|}
在註腳或覆寫值中,寫 <code>\.</code> 表示字面上的句點,寫 <code>\,</code> 表示字面上的逗號。
欄位對所給的範式沒有意義時會報錯,而不是被忽略,例如 <code>ar.caus</code> 會提示 <code>caus</code> 只適用於柏柏爾語型動詞。
另接受常用的具名參數:{{para|id}}(區分同一頁面上的多個變位)、{{para|t}}(供 {{temp|gho-head|動詞變位形式}} 使用的釋義)、{{para|pagename}}(測試與文檔用)以及 {{para|json|1}}(給機器人使用的機器可讀輸出,會回報偵測到的屈折類別,表格本身不顯示這項資訊)。
==例子==
{| class="wikitable"
! 維基文本 !! 效果
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu}}</code> || 柏柏爾語型,非完整體詞幹 ''ttaddu'':''ittaddu''(見 [[bdu]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttuṯu:ttiṯu}}</code> || 兩個非完整體詞幹:''ittutu''、''ittitu''(見 [[ddu]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ssuṭus}}</code> || 柏柏爾語型;從 {{temp|causative of}} 偵測出使役,得到 ''issuṭes''(見 [[ssuṭes]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ssuṭus.caus}}</code> || 同上,明確寫出使役。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ar:u}}</code> || 阿拉伯語型,元音為 ''u'' 的中空動詞:''bust''(見 [[bas]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ar:ktub}}</code> || 阿拉伯語型,明確給出未完成時詞幹。只填詞幹本身,不加人稱前綴:得到 ''nektub''、''dektub''、''iktub''。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ar:-}}</code> || 阿拉伯語型,沒有未完成時(因此也沒有命令式)。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttak.type:2}}</code> || 第 2 型的 ''cc'' 動詞:''ifk''(見 [[fk]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber.perf:umeẓ:meẓ}}</code> || 直接給出兩個完整體詞幹:''yumeẓ''、''imeẓ''(見 [[ameẓ]])。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu.imp:-}}</code> || 不生成命令式。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu.perfective_sg3m:iffeɣ}}</code> || 只有一個不規則的完整體詞形,其餘照常推導。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu.[過時]}}</code> || 所有詞形都帶註腳:''bdux'' <sup>[過時]</sup>。
|-
| <code>{{temp|gho-conj|ber:ttaddu.addnote[imperative_sg,imperative_pl][主要見於 Beni Bouzra]}}</code> || 為命令式加上註腳,命令式本身不變。
|}
==cc/C 類型==
柏柏爾語型的雙輔音動詞有三種完整體模式,無法從詞形判斷屬於哪一種,因此必須在規格中寫明。三種類型都會去除唇化。
{| class="wikitable"
! 類型 !! 詞幹(無後綴) !! 詞幹(有後綴) !! 第三人稱陽性單數 !! 第一人稱單數 !! 分詞
|-
| 1 || 裸詞幹加 ''a'' || 裸詞幹加 ''a'' || ''i-nɣa'' || ''nɣa-x'' || ''i-nɣa-n''
|-
| 2 || 裸詞幹,不加 ''a'' || 裸詞幹加 ''a'' || ''i-ns'' || ''nsa-x'' || ''i-nsa-n''
|-
| 3 || 不定過去式本身 || 不定過去式本身 || ''i-meḏ'' || ''mḏ-ex'' || ''i-mḏ-en''、''i-mḏ-an''
|}
只有第 3 型有兩個分詞。一個動詞可以同時屬於兩種類型,<code>.type:1,3</code> 會並列給出兩套詞形。只有一個輔音位置的動詞,未指定類型時預設為第 2 型。
==參見==
* {{temp|gho-head}}
<includeonly>{{tcat}}</includeonly>
88yaieq76oxabntre4sjb2ix306557c
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成戈瑪拉語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|-
| <code>動詞變位形式</code> || {{para|2}} 詞元,多個以逗號分隔。模板會從詞元頁的 {{tl|gho-conj}} 取得定義行,放在標題行下方。另可填 {{para|slots}} 或 {{para|noslots}}(要保留或排除的欄位,以逗號分隔)、{{para|conjid}} 或 {{para|noconjid}}(要採用或略過的 {{tl|gho-conj}} 的 {{para|id}})以及 {{para|t}}(釋義)。不填詞元時只顯示標題行。
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gho-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ddyun<q:債務>,lʼadyan<q:宗教>|pagename=ddin}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gho-head|動詞|vn=lemci<q:行走>,lemji<q:來>|ap=maci<q:行走>,maji<q:來>|pagename=ddu}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gho-head|動詞變位形式|bdu|pagename=ittaddu}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gho-head|集合名詞|g=f|sing=tabaṭaṭt|pl=tibaṭaṭan|pagename=lebṭaṭa}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
9bfcqmu3axvkh9rb2d8ddaxcstssbzh
Template:Gnc-head/doc
10
3540736
9934965
2026-09-30T16:11:46Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934965
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成關切語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{gnc-head|名詞|pagename=ade}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
iy3sqii0myil3f960ond87xwrz7ytur
Template:Jbn-head/doc
10
3540737
9934966
2026-09-30T16:11:49Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934966
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成內富沙語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{jbn-head|名詞|g=p|head=ڢُجْنُتَنْ<tr:fuʒnutən>|pagename=ڢجنتن}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
90eepglsttp6rfa5ciz9lwwpqdheaqx
Template:Kab-head/doc
10
3540738
9934967
2026-09-30T16:11:52Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934967
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成卡拜爾語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{kab-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibugas|f=tabagust|pagename=abagus}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{kab-head|動詞|vn=tukkʷerḍa|pagename=akʷer}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{kab-head|集合名詞|sing=tulmut|pagename=ulmu}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{kab-head|形容詞|f=taberkant|pl=iberkanen|pagename=aberkan}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
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Template:Mzb-head/doc
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TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934968
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成北撒哈拉柏柏爾語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{mzb-head|名詞|g=p|pagename=aman}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
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Template:Rif-conj/doc
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TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934969
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
本模板用於生成里菲安語動詞的變位表,有五個主要參數。
==基本用法==
;{{para|1}}
: 不定過去式詞幹。
;{{para|2}}
: 完整體詞幹。
;{{para|3}}
: 否定完整體詞幹。
;{{para|4}}
: 非完整體詞幹。
;{{para|5}}
: 否定非完整體詞幹。
==其他參數==
; {{para|t}}
: 這個變位的釋義。兩個動詞同形但詞源或變位不同時很有用(例如 {{m|rif|farḍ||掃}} 與 {{m|rif|farḍ||強加}})。由 {{temp|rif-head|動詞變位形式}} 顯示。通常與 {{para|id}} 一起使用。
; {{para|id}}
: 這個變位的識別名,同樣用於區分同形但詞源或變位不同的動詞。供 {{temp|rif-head|動詞變位形式}} 的 {{para|conjid}} 或 {{para|noconjid}} 引用。通常與 {{para|t}} 一起使用。
; {{para|noglide}}
: 避免詞尾的 ''-ew'' 與 ''-ey'' 被簡化為 ''-u'' 與 ''-i''。
==附註==
* 模組會自動把詞尾的 ''ew/ey'' 變成 ''u/i''。
* 依後綴在 ''a'' 與 ''i'' 之間交替的動詞,使用佔位符 <code>i/a</code>。沒有後綴時模組會把它換成 ''a'',有後綴時換成 ''i''。例如完整體詞幹 <code>ɣzi/a</code> 會產生:
:* 第三人稱陽性單數:''yeɣza''
:* 第一人稱單數:''ɣziɣ''
<includeonly>{{tcat}}</includeonly>
ps3q9dhzb2vyj2lutjvlry82psrmlnx
Template:Rif-head/doc
10
3540741
9934974
2026-09-30T16:12:01Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934974
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成里菲安語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|notfng}}
: 填 <code>1</code> 可隱藏提非納文寫法。在以拉丁字母書寫的頁面上,模板會自動加上提非納文寫法。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|-
| <code>動詞變位形式</code> || {{para|2}} 詞元,多個以逗號分隔。模板會從詞元頁的 {{tl|rif-conj}} 取得定義行,放在標題行下方。另可填 {{para|slots}} 或 {{para|noslots}}(要保留或排除的欄位,以逗號分隔)、{{para|conjid}} 或 {{para|noconjid}}(要採用或略過的 {{tl|rif-conj}} 的 {{para|id}})以及 {{para|t}}(釋義)。不填詞元時只顯示標題行。
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{rif-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibarrcanen|f=tabarrcant|pagename=abarrcan}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{rif-head|動詞|vn=tucefra|pagename=acar}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{rif-head|動詞變位形式|ari|pagename=yura}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{rif-head|集合名詞|g=f|sing=tbaṭaṭṭ|pl=tibaṭaṭin|pagename=baṭaṭa}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
kii68bc3nzbwcb44on5z41ri3sxyjih
Template:Sds-head/doc
10
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2026-09-30T16:12:04Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934978
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成突尼西亞柏柏爾語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{sds-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ideffá|f=tadeffuyt|pagename=adeffu}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
1zmpppowjqyszos4yu49is2ayf5rzeb
Template:Shi-head/doc
10
3540743
9934980
2026-09-30T16:12:07Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934980
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成施盧赫語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|notfng}}
: 填 <code>1</code> 可隱藏提非納文寫法。在以拉丁字母書寫的頁面上,模板會自動加上提非納文寫法。
;{{para|ar}}
: 自動生成的阿拉伯文寫法有誤時,在此填入正確寫法,多個以逗號分隔。
;{{para|noarab}}
: 填 <code>1</code> 可隱藏阿拉伯文寫法。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shi-head|名詞|g=m|head=[[ajddig]] [[n]] [[adfl|udfl]]|pl=-|pagename=ajddig n udfl}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shi-head|動詞|pret=udd|cont=ttadd|vn=addad|pagename=add}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shi-head|動詞變位形式|pagename=icqqan}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shi-head|集合名詞|sing=taẓalimt|annex=uẓalim|pagename=aẓalim}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
qpxzqmn6bswtq2rqds1rkccwafgg8o5
Template:Shy-head/doc
10
3540744
9934985
2026-09-30T16:12:10Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934985
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成塔查維特語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shy-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ibaraɣen|pagename=abaraɣ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{shy-head|形容詞|pagename=amezwaru}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
q01wuucpgdxfhsuurwfwrwmrrmz7pno
Template:Siz-head/doc
10
3540745
9934990
2026-09-30T16:12:13Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934990
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成西威語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{siz-head|名詞|g=p|head=amán|pagename=aman}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
ee2cgbamiyrizvcym02s6aisjsjpowc
Template:Sjs-head/doc
10
3540746
9934995
2026-09-30T16:12:16Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934995
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成森哈加語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|notfng}}
: 填 <code>1</code> 可隱藏提非納文寫法。在以拉丁字母書寫的頁面上,模板會自動加上提非納文寫法。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{sjs-head|名詞|g=m|pl=iferxan|dim=afriyyex|f=tafruxt|pagename=afrux}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{sjs-head|動詞|vn=lebruda|pagename=bred}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{sjs-head|集合名詞|sing=tazemmurt|dim=azmimer|pagename=azemmur}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{sjs-head|形容詞|f=meqqʷret|cpl=meqqʷren|dim=mquqer|pagename=meqqʷer}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
q4kpt7ba3c55ufwpc2dqaa6vo85gpwl
Template:Swn-head/doc
10
3540747
9934997
2026-09-30T16:12:19Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9934997
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成索克納語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{swn-head|名詞|g=p|pagename=aman}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
7pkjj218l601faeqqkvfpbs4lfbp6s7
Template:Tez-head/doc
10
3540748
9935001
2026-09-30T16:12:22Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9935001
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成特特瑟雷特語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tez-head|名詞|pagename=afagan}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
n0j025vw4js7k5gksr2rjbwsb81i90k
Template:Tmh-head/doc
10
3540749
9935004
2026-09-30T16:12:25Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9935004
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成圖阿雷格語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tmh-head|名詞|tr=adrar|var=1|pagename=ⴷⵔⵔ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tmh-head|動詞|pagename=aki}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
npwwkmb7w3rfzfus0lspl44aaad3v5s
Template:Tzm-head/doc
10
3540750
9935007
2026-09-30T16:12:27Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9935007
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成中阿特拉斯柏柏爾語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tzm-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ⵉⴳⴹⴰⴹ|f=ⵜⴰⴳⴹⵉⴹⵜ|pagename=ⴰⴳⴹⵉⴹ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tzm-head|動詞|pagename=ⴰⴹⵏ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tzm-head|集合名詞|sing=ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵜⵜ|pl=ⵉⴷⴼⴼⴰ|pagename=ⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{tzm-head|形容詞|pl=ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ|pagename=ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
d5tebmeqcxm8i1o44wzkjcrjwes2m6u
Template:Zen-head/doc
10
3540751
9935010
2026-09-30T16:12:30Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9935010
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成澤納加語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{zen-head|名詞|g=m|pl=ällūn|dim=aɣūll|pagename=ūy}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{zen-head|動詞|pagename=aɣbiy}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
0y5pyydmyggp44yziq5f319e45dmlbm
Template:Zgh-head/doc
10
3540752
9935014
2026-09-30T16:12:33Z
TongcyBot
83009
譯自 enwikt
9935014
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{documentation subpage}}
{{uses lua|Module:ber-headword}}
本模板用於生成標準摩洛哥柏柏爾語詞條的標題行。{{para|1}} 填詞類,其他可用的參數視詞類而定。
==參數==
;{{para|1|req=1}}
: 詞類。可以寫中文(如 <code>名詞</code>、<code>動詞</code>),也可以寫英文全名或縮寫,單複數皆可,例如 {{cd|n}} 表示名詞、{{cd|v}} 表示動詞、{{cd|adj}} 表示形容詞。縮寫一覽見 [[Template:head#詞性]]。
;{{para|head}}
: 詞頭,與頁面名稱不同時才需要填。多個詞頭以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。每個詞頭都可以用 {{cd|<tr:...>}} 附加轉寫。
;{{para|tr}}
: 非拉丁字母詞頭的轉寫。
;{{para|g}}
: 性:<code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>mf</code>、<code>mfbysense</code> 或 <code>p</code>(唯複數),多個以逗號分隔。不填時,名詞、專有名詞、數詞與代詞顯示 <code>?</code>,集合名詞顯示 <code>m</code>,個體名詞顯示 <code>f</code>。
;{{para|id}}、{{para|sort}}、{{para|cat}}、{{para|nolink}}、{{para|var}}
: 用法同 [[Module:headword utilities]]。{{para|cat}} 填不含語言名稱的分類名,以逗號分隔。
{{para|pl}} 等詞形參數可以填一個或多個詞形,以逗號分隔,逗號後不加空格。詞形可以帶行內修飾符:{{cd|<tr:...>}} 表示轉寫,{{cd|<g:...>}} 表示性,{{cd|<q:...>}} 與 {{cd|<qq:...>}} 表示前置與後置限定語,{{cd|<l:...>}} 與 {{cd|<ll:...>}} 表示前置與後置標籤,{{cd|<ref:...>}} 表示參考資料。詞形內若需要一個後面不接空格的逗號,寫作 <code>\,</code>。
大多數詞形另有一個附屬態參數,名稱是詞形參數名後加 <code>annex</code>。{{para|plannex}} 是複數的附屬態,單獨的 {{para|annex}} 則是詞頭本身的附屬態。
==有額外參數的詞類==
{| class="wikitable"
! {{para|1}} !! 參數
|-
| <code>名詞</code>、<code>專有名詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數、{{para|pl}} 複數(沒有複數填 <code>-</code>;「通常沒有複數」填 <code>-</code> 後接詞形;不明填 <code>?</code>)、{{para|dim}} 指小詞、{{para|aug}} 指大詞、{{para|f}} 陰性等價詞、{{para|m}} 陽性等價詞,以及各自的附屬態({{para|dannex}}、{{para|plannex}} 等)
|-
| <code>集合名詞</code> || {{para|sing}} 個體數,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陰性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>個體名詞</code> || {{para|coll}} 集合,除非用 {{cd|<g:...>}} 指定其他性,否則為陽性;{{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}}、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|dim}}、{{para|dimannex}}
|-
| <code>形容詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數、{{para|dim}} 指小詞,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>主動分詞</code>、<code>被動分詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|pl}} 陽性複數、{{para|fpl}} 陰性複數、{{para|cpl}} 通性複數,以及各自的附屬態
|-
| <code>副詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|d}} 雙數
|-
| <code>數詞</code>、<code>助詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>代詞</code> || {{para|annex}}、{{para|pl}} 複數、{{para|plannex}}、{{para|f}} 陰性、{{para|fannex}}
|-
| <code>動詞</code> || {{para|aorist}} 不定過去式、{{para|pret}} 完整體、{{para|negpret}} 否定完整體、{{para|cont}} 非完整體、{{para|vn}} 動詞性名詞、{{para|ap}} 主動分詞、{{para|pp}} 被動分詞
|}
其他詞類,例如 <code>字母</code>、<code>名詞變格形</code>、<code>介詞</code>、<code>連詞</code>,只接受表格上方列出的參數。
==例子==
{{demo|<nowiki>{{zgh-head|名詞|g=m|annex=ⵓⴷⴰⵢⵎⵓⵏ|pl=ⵉⴷⴰⵢⵎⵓⵏⵏ|pagename=ⴰⴷⴰⵢⵎⵓⵏ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{zgh-head|動詞|pagename=ⴱⵔⵛⵎ}}</nowiki>}}
{{demo|<nowiki>{{zgh-head|形容詞|f=ⵜⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵜ|pl=ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏⵏ|pagename=ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏ}}</nowiki>}}
<includeonly>{{hwcat}}</includeonly>
4tftyig4uo7awk0ft8dm4vv3qs6alp6
trächtiger
0
3540753
9935145
2026-09-30T16:14:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtiger.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}」的新頁面
9935145
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtiger.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}
i23npfzgrdi49f0br2pp5yl6snf30r7
trächtigen
0
3540754
9935147
2026-09-30T16:14:43Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtigen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtigen2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtigen3.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}」的新頁面
9935147
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtigen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtigen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtigen3.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}
7swf3e3zuuv1vltui5yicvoknxw3oym
trächtigem
0
3540755
9935149
2026-09-30T16:14:45Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtigem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}」的新頁面
9935149
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtigem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}
cyes1ip210uv42nr4nvh86hlxyvx4be
trächtige
0
3540756
9935152
2026-09-30T16:14:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtige.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}」的新頁面
9935152
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtige.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}
e2doaurxh2dsggeyr1r390vx42vx6jq
trächtiges
0
3540757
9935154
2026-09-30T16:14:50Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-trächtiges.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}」的新頁面
9935154
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈtʁɛçtɪɡəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-trächtiges.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|trächtig}}
9a5dexr41p4jvv8ha9gl8hdueaku4ol
aufwärmend
0
3540758
9935543
2026-09-30T16:23:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmənt/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|aufwärmen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935543
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmənt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|aufwärmen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
eudncgmz9cdn17b4zsib66p7sber89i
aufgewärmt
0
3540759
9935545
2026-09-30T16:23:50Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmt/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|aufwärmen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935545
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|aufwärmen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
80my59kadhutjuyva7nn2rrsxgjth0u
aufwärmender
0
3540760
9935564
2026-09-30T16:24:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}」的新頁面
9935564
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}
pjwlolk88nlxkwdgxl6uyu912nf1hxw
aufwärmenden
0
3540761
9935566
2026-09-30T16:24:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}」的新頁面
9935566
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}
mufnhysu7a28kfwhz2i9w3nxvrkv73o
aufwärmendem
0
3540762
9935569
2026-09-30T16:24:16Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}」的新頁面
9935569
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}
pptzyfyjlct9v6n53l1xgj7ho10fcbe
aufwärmende
0
3540763
9935574
2026-09-30T16:24:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}」的新頁面
9935574
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}
md8zbf831ps7ierhhf2enq3bvj40dup
aufwärmendes
0
3540764
9935586
2026-09-30T16:24:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}」的新頁面
9935586
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufwärmend}}
3rsecplro9moj09yjgei2fyi4bzyy9u
aufgewärmter
0
3540765
9935595
2026-09-30T16:25:15Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}」的新頁面
9935595
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}
3z3819jpcke0p2qvh0mri2jiqw4niam
aufgewärmten
0
3540766
9935596
2026-09-30T16:25:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}」的新頁面
9935596
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}
si0p0g26x80vfbrbnqobhiatxfexcxl
aufgewärmtem
0
3540767
9935597
2026-09-30T16:25:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmtem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}」的新頁面
9935597
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmtem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}
6qbnfcxgep5gttvwqxlyftggslqkvs3
aufgewärmte
0
3540768
9935598
2026-09-30T16:25:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}」的新頁面
9935598
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}
be5346dc4ko77u0521y98stab0fphge
aufgewärmtes
0
3540769
9935599
2026-09-30T16:25:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmtes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}」的新頁面
9935599
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fɡəˌvɛʁmtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufgewärmtes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|aufgewärmt}}
07frip7bijjhi711bwpbscanqhhr06m
aufzuwärmen
0
3540770
9935600
2026-09-30T16:25:53Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯ft͡suˌvɛʁmən/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufzuwärmen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|aufwärmen}}」的新頁面
9935600
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯ft͡suˌvɛʁmən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufzuwärmen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|aufwärmen}}
78lw0xzvviaa8irzr8tcw14heettpl6
wärme auf
0
3540771
9935601
2026-09-30T16:25:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmə ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärme auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935601
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmə ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärme auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
d0343mxqeejlaiov5epvurh1v3dwu2f
wärmst auf
0
3540772
9935602
2026-09-30T16:26:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmst ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmst auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935602
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmst ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmst auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|pres}}
0gqp6kmf0eudaexklxikmr7al3x1whb
wärmt auf
0
3540773
9935603
2026-09-30T16:26:05Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmt ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmt auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935603
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmt ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmt auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}
2gaezyqanvufvc6dujhjny16rd5uvgv
wärmtest auf
0
3540774
9935604
2026-09-30T16:26:18Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtəst ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmtest auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935604
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtəst ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmtest auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
tbap78uqirqynhmxsu0bkqtho5ejp11
wärmen auf
0
3540775
9935605
2026-09-30T16:26:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmən ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmen auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935605
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmən ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmen auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
fgliuairuh38hg5856uyo8cadj967lj
wärmte auf
0
3540776
9935606
2026-09-30T16:26:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtə ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmte auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|s|pret}}」的新頁面
9935606
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtə ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmte auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|s|pret}}
jnuynfrh57jfqevnlx3x4qrz6hqe5l3
wärmten auf
0
3540777
9935607
2026-09-30T16:26:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtn̩ ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmten auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935607
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtn̩ ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmten auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
asll3gaoqz9laxket69nnh9fa42gktw
wärmtet auf
0
3540778
9935608
2026-09-30T16:26:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtət ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmtet auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935608
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmtət ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmtet auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
rkfjib5k1shtkt6p30hs26hobw08xni
wärm auf
0
3540779
9935609
2026-09-30T16:26:59Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁm ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärm auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935609
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁm ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärm auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||s|imp}}
eh9tlb8vmzevo38x8q15fc4jrhdc57h
wärmest auf
0
3540780
9935610
2026-09-30T16:27:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁməst ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmest auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935610
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁməst ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmest auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|sub|I}}
dlqjmyvbdmau1a8q0uha1ib11tbrote
wärmet auf
0
3540781
9935611
2026-09-30T16:27:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmət ˈaʊ̯f/}} * {{audio|de|De-wärmet auf.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935611
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌvɛʁmət ˈaʊ̯f/}}
* {{audio|de|De-wärmet auf.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|sub|I}}
fjdio1oxau3j2wsuehvdg3ex44cvyua
aufwärme
0
3540782
9935612
2026-09-30T16:27:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmə/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärme.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935612
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärme.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}
2g6upjig1s4ta95cckp6kqmlu0hrabf
aufwärmst
0
3540783
9935613
2026-09-30T16:27:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmst/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9935613
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|pres}}
n2xgsdur3wbxp9r1mu94bb4qffm6ahy
aufwärmt
0
3540784
9935614
2026-09-30T16:27:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmt/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9935614
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}
4g46nuq2tug8niz9drzxxvplnulvt5p
aufwärmte
0
3540785
9935615
2026-09-30T16:27:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935615
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
p5ag8yav8lon1c9i3yxp53ocxwgtwpt
aufwärmtest
0
3540786
9935616
2026-09-30T16:27:39Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmtest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935616
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmtest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}
ly6g8nyske29qzi22ky0lkggbqa9yz6
aufwärmten
0
3540787
9935617
2026-09-30T16:27:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935617
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
idv5gek359sz4e9aqbds6bi8rawixs7
aufwärmtet
0
3540788
9935618
2026-09-30T16:27:42Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtət/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmtet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935618
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmtət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmtet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}
9brch1kh7356xkqar3xerbsrq1d0pj8
aufwärmest
0
3540789
9935619
2026-09-30T16:27:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməst/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935619
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁməst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}
opmum8vhd68uu7q6ygc6fmv4mga9rkh
aufwärmet
0
3540790
9935620
2026-09-30T16:27:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmət/}} * {{audio|de|De-aufwärmet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935620
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯fˌvɛʁmət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-aufwärmet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|aufwärmen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}
4oqzwjeyv9708cy47ukzht6r6imbw5l
abfiltrierend
0
3540791
9935623
2026-09-30T17:59:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁənt/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||pres|part}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935623
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁənt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||pres|part}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
27utvzgkd80a13ncxv99495yj74bhm3
abfiltrierender
0
3540792
9935624
2026-09-30T18:00:05Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}」的新頁面
9935624
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}
micb81asrt5w6fdrobf5z732oayabwx
abfiltrierenden
0
3540793
9935625
2026-09-30T18:00:06Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}」的新頁面
9935625
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}
rh32qg8dxe77j9fcjtnblcmzmnwllp9
abfiltrierendem
0
3540794
9935626
2026-09-30T18:00:08Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}」的新頁面
9935626
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}
ft7270uu4bwm409fsy6s7pwicmuito2
abfiltrierende
0
3540795
9935627
2026-09-30T18:00:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}」的新頁面
9935627
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}
75gw8rg7owtvl4jw86g8ep4d3hq3sok
abfiltrierendes
0
3540796
9935628
2026-09-30T18:00:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}」的新頁面
9935628
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltrierend}}
b9nctdmlm6umfpi2ztram6kn5rf1hkz
abfiltriert
0
3540797
9935629
2026-09-30T18:01:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯t/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltriert.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|abfiltrieren}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935629
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltriert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|abfiltrieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
17ea2zlj4uq0xbuox8j07r8v4hnkktj
abfiltrierter
0
3540798
9935630
2026-09-30T18:01:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}」的新頁面
9935630
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}
8gzadxxzj96yjz8pjwtj2v4ufthwh8y
abfiltrierten
0
3540799
9935631
2026-09-30T18:01:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}」的新頁面
9935631
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}
nv0pwnuca1l7awqneihehxgavgr1nto
abfiltriertem
0
3540800
9935632
2026-09-30T18:01:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təm/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltriertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}」的新頁面
9935632
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltriertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}
fyzi8bfuxn77y5qnyisnsfi4ygw0z2w
abfiltrierte
0
3540801
9935633
2026-09-30T18:01:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}」的新頁面
9935633
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltrierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}
f8usdvv0zvud5wsshomt6fdfxjc8eaa
abfiltriertes
0
3540802
9935634
2026-09-30T18:02:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təs/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfiltriertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}」的新頁面
9935634
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfiltriertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfiltriert}}
of6x8nt5dzyj7huekiceeo0glyemfch
abzufiltrieren
0
3540803
9935635
2026-09-30T18:02:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapt͡sufɪlˌtʁiːʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-abzufiltrieren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|abfiltrieren}}」的新頁面
9935635
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapt͡sufɪlˌtʁiːʁən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abzufiltrieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|abfiltrieren}}
21c7u83tvlqcr0wk8f3k2gjy1kufqxl
filtriere ab
0
3540804
9935636
2026-09-30T18:02:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁə ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriere ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935636
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁə ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriere ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
bx5bmyoc5k0wszhrs2f6yuv0lvf5e2t
filtrierst ab
0
3540805
9935637
2026-09-30T18:02:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯st ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierst ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935637
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯st ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierst ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|pres}}
8vrdsl9jyzx3lf4508p9qemg7q9kr6u
filtriert ab
0
3540806
9935638
2026-09-30T18:02:35Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯t ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriert ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935638
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯t ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriert ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}
4t10p1d5mmevmvs4xd5yjsqwonqg3c5
filtrierte ab
0
3540807
9935639
2026-09-30T18:02:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tə ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierte ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935639
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tə ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierte ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
8efwsim8xknun3pxrp4pbyd7pq8crik
filtrier ab
0
3540808
9935640
2026-09-30T18:02:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯ ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrier ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935640
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯ ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrier ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||s|imp}}
aboadmvmxms8iawkctefon5dzyjwbwm
filtriertest ab
0
3540809
9935641
2026-09-30T18:02:57Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təst ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertest ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935641
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯təst ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertest ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
pgdckezwjgcm3w9rd487o3hd9fmlblp
filtrieren ab
0
3540810
9935642
2026-09-30T18:03:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁən ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrieren ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935642
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁən ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrieren ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
au82j7a2ka1kjlo3ztc6s6bqq83ib82
filtrierten ab
0
3540811
9935643
2026-09-30T18:03:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tn̩ ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierten ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935643
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tn̩ ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierten ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
8y2xt7qnubiy9592p064zjli71lb5zu
filtriertet ab
0
3540812
9935644
2026-09-30T18:03:16Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tət ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertet ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935644
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːɐ̯tət ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertet ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
i6cpd1nd7eqxv7fln69i7xo2zj3ydzb
filtrierest ab
0
3540813
9935645
2026-09-30T18:03:18Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁəst ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierest ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935645
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁəst ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierest ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|s|sub|I}}
hvg3lo1qzlllwrlbzg8coz1zmfsweq1
filtrieret ab
0
3540814
9935646
2026-09-30T18:03:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁət ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrieret ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935646
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˌtʁiːʁət ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrieret ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|abfiltrieren||2|p|sub|I}}
kkowuf7ix44ebhep2ar0g4xtgjilhs8
Abfiltrieren
0
3540815
9935648
2026-09-30T18:07:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|abfiltrieren}} ==德語== ===詞源=== {{gerund of|de|abfiltrieren}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-Abfiltrieren.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller-Abfiltrieren.wav}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n,s.sg}} # [[過濾]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n,s.sg}}」的新頁面
9935648
wikitext
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{{also|abfiltrieren}}
==德語==
===詞源===
{{gerund of|de|abfiltrieren}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Abfiltrieren.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller-Abfiltrieren.wav}}
===名詞===
{{de-noun|n,s.sg}}
# [[過濾]]
====變格====
{{de-ndecl|n,s.sg}}
po5i0j76eqmntvvgp2m0qh7jli3qovi
Abfiltrierens
0
3540816
9935649
2026-09-30T18:07:43Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəns/}} * {{audio|de|De-Abfiltrierens.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Abfiltrieren||gen|s}}」的新頁面
9935649
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapfɪlˌtʁiːʁəns/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Abfiltrierens.ogg|a=柏林}}
===名詞===
{{head|de|名詞變格形}}
# {{infl of|de|Abfiltrieren||gen|s}}
13bikrsfk7u80lrymu41duxycy5pzwl
abfilternd
0
3540817
9935650
2026-09-30T18:08:08Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐnt/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilternd.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|abfiltern}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935650
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐnt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilternd.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|abfiltern}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
pvauqxlmxug7sztr2mc7wa12nxzzg0p
abgefiltert
0
3540818
9935651
2026-09-30T18:08:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐt/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|abfiltern}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935651
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|abfiltern}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
kw1fea78c48iv3tndq9kalobf8939as
abfilternder
0
3540819
9935652
2026-09-30T18:08:53Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilternder.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}」的新頁面
9935652
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilternder.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}
ba6t9z324vbjt069vcwnevv9lzh3bme
abfilternden
0
3540820
9935653
2026-09-30T18:08:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilternden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}」的新頁面
9935653
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilternden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}
000iylagl0o1qottht4jv0dvki20wb8
abfilterndem
0
3540821
9935654
2026-09-30T18:08:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilterndem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}」的新頁面
9935654
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilterndem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}
jsefy3w1edht801vp2n8qtuujl6fbb1
abfilternde
0
3540822
9935655
2026-09-30T18:09:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilternde.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}」的新頁面
9935655
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilternde.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}
j5s3tr4iazp1wflke0kxnx7zo389uw8
abfilterndes
0
3540823
9935656
2026-09-30T18:09:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-abfilterndes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}」的新頁面
9935656
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapˌfɪltɐndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abfilterndes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abfilternd}}
ncz3rpuvg6shp0uftob1vegyi8950bt
abgefilterter
0
3540824
9935657
2026-09-30T18:09:26Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935657
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}
m487c5zs1iikdfb9musj6xk2qb7dz70
abgefilterten
0
3540825
9935658
2026-09-30T18:09:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935658
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}
hvtta27ellpxrw6brp17n0443bget3e
abgefiltertem
0
3540826
9935659
2026-09-30T18:09:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935659
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}
7xcs1b5uaprnfacqczcuebldyr2yt8s
abgefilterte
0
3540827
9935660
2026-09-30T18:09:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935660
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}
mmdi9hubzstmfwjtbxbd21gsyimmcg4
abgefiltertes
0
3540828
9935661
2026-09-30T18:09:42Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-abgefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935661
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapɡəˌfɪltɐtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abgefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|abgefiltert}}
ie5lx0vtd2vckd5iadx57hsz5sss5hb
abzufiltern
0
3540829
9935662
2026-09-30T18:09:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈapt͡suˌfɪltɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-abzufiltern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|abfiltern}}」的新頁面
9935662
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈapt͡suˌfɪltɐn/}}
* {{audio|de|De-abzufiltern.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|abfiltern}}
16alijlgvyabkhcasnfbeh201gwbadx
filtre ab
0
3540830
9935663
2026-09-30T18:09:58Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltʁə ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtre ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935663
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltʁə ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtre ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
3oul9866a4k29toqmzuse6uq2luriym
filtere ab
0
3540831
9935664
2026-09-30T18:10:01Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltəʁə ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtere ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|1|p|sub|I|;|3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935664
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltəʁə ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtere ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|1|p|sub|I|;|3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
9nzlaxbfbzf0r3t71q7bzi8vwsd21gz
filterst ab
0
3540832
9935665
2026-09-30T18:10:04Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐst ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterst ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935665
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐst ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterst ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|s|pres}}
lz178vqreh53sz4xo2n5gj9udh9b51t
filter ab
0
3540833
9935666
2026-09-30T18:10:07Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐ ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filter ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935666
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐ ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filter ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1|s|pres|;|s|imp}}
pqkfhkuj7kf3wtk5d8jgzvbv3t3a3n1
filtert ab
0
3540834
9935667
2026-09-30T18:10:09Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐt ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtert ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935667
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐt ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtert ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}
lquzca5f84vq7bzgogy8j1ne8kel5yw
filterte ab
0
3540835
9935668
2026-09-30T18:10:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtə ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterte ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935668
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtə ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterte ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
g5xm8yf4jhesw6s6tb0cncri7pu4xk7
filtertest ab
0
3540836
9935669
2026-09-30T18:10:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtəst ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtertest ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935669
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtəst ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtertest ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
7y0op15mitagn716zj9qy625mifjiod
filtern ab
0
3540837
9935670
2026-09-30T18:10:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐn ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtern ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935670
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐn ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtern ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
madzmk2gvdyiphmwzbp1bk2unc3acad
filterten ab
0
3540838
9935671
2026-09-30T18:10:39Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtn̩ ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterten ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935671
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtn̩ ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterten ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
chqlb2crv8r2484ydi2zthg6mcaztrs
filtertet ab
0
3540839
9935672
2026-09-30T18:10:43Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtət ˈap/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtertet ab.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935672
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌfɪltɐtət ˈap/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtertet ab.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|abfiltern||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
o3vhs06coi8vl36y8u4bn7c0l89w0ph
filtrierend
0
3540840
9935675
2026-09-30T18:13:58Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁənt/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|filtrieren}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935675
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁənt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|filtrieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
33f5sgm6rn059t127vdaz4v2cbr4k5l
filtrierter
0
3540841
9935676
2026-09-30T18:14:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}」的新頁面
9935676
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}
ac1cjqm1obow6ks862l4rqbstz3t6sr
filtrierten
0
3540842
9935677
2026-09-30T18:14:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}」的新頁面
9935677
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}
8cog4e58jlgiwe4qy5kr8xbuwzn4xjc
filtriertem
0
3540843
9935678
2026-09-30T18:14:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təm/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}」的新頁面
9935678
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}
suyhvwe5op8nl058bk7ei2mo4dpci22
filtrierte
0
3540844
9935679
2026-09-30T18:14:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}」的新頁面
9935679
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}
dbnt74tirdlm39wfxgvaynhxczxsvp6
filtriertes
0
3540845
9935680
2026-09-30T18:14:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təs/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}」的新頁面
9935680
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtriert}}
kpr80mmyofhx6hu4jyx1990je83jr9p
filtrierender
0
3540846
9935681
2026-09-30T18:14:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}」的新頁面
9935681
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}
8heaxelxklqjxt7lbgwxf89k2ty4lsz
filtrierenden
0
3540847
9935682
2026-09-30T18:14:59Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}」的新頁面
9935682
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}
10z2245nns1a0zjwocmwff7gcf9lp0c
filtrierendem
0
3540848
9935683
2026-09-30T18:15:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}」的新頁面
9935683
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}
2e1gq12qotwtc42bwx7ajfg34y324sr
filtrierende
0
3540849
9935684
2026-09-30T18:15:05Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}」的新頁面
9935684
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}
g9zu4api7gmrq5d2a1qee8eef9kpatx
filtrierendes
0
3540850
9935685
2026-09-30T18:15:08Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}」的新頁面
9935685
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filtrierend}}
93yc34jom4740y0nt2p8hyt3mjt3a7w
filtriere
0
3540851
9935686
2026-09-30T18:16:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935686
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriere.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}
6wpdrz3ansf5tfut9tw5wkhnzjooplb
filtrierst
0
3540852
9935687
2026-09-30T18:16:05Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯st/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935687
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯st/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|pres}}
ls60ii9q46to2yvqz1kxyzl5pk8zxsx
filtriertest
0
3540853
9935688
2026-09-30T18:16:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təst/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935688
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯təst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
ficovlpealvbbzexiv7rrypbtdekrch
filtrier
0
3540854
9935689
2026-09-30T18:16:13Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrier.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|filtrieren||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935689
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrier.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|filtrieren||s|imp}}
7fsp1y4isswf0s67s39k5mzscs5fjil
filtriertet
0
3540855
9935690
2026-09-30T18:16:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tət/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtriertet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935690
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːɐ̯tət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtriertet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
miuvw3qdjgamm99byiqxi1clei31vi5
filtrierest
0
3540856
9935691
2026-09-30T18:16:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrierest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935691
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrierest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|s|sub|I}}
rkgn9wfet1rel5nvger5i491xt5akes
filtrieret
0
3540857
9935692
2026-09-30T18:16:25Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁət/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtrieret.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935692
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fɪlˈtʁiːʁət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtrieret.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtrieren||2|p|sub|I}}
mpn39iytmudy4xznzp2spxpis1d03d0
gefiltert
0
3540858
9935694
2026-09-30T18:17:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐt/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|ge|fil|tert}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|filtern}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # 被[[過濾]]的 #: {{ant|de|ungefiltert}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ==盧森堡語== ===分詞=== {{head|lb|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|lb|filteren}}」的新頁面
9935694
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|ge|fil|tert}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|filtern}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj|comp}}
# 被[[過濾]]的
#: {{ant|de|ungefiltert}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl|comp}}
==盧森堡語==
===分詞===
{{head|lb|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|lb|filteren}}
96yv0p2r07gqtvktely3quiusi038sw
9935695
9935694
2026-09-30T18:17:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
/* 形容詞 */
9935695
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefiltert.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|ge|fil|tert}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|filtern}}
===形容詞===
{{de-adj}}
# 被[[過濾]]的
#: {{ant|de|ungefiltert}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
==盧森堡語==
===分詞===
{{head|lb|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|lb|filteren}}
m3xk60pr8di47ty0gikix2adeih4owu
gefilterter
0
3540859
9935697
2026-09-30T18:18:26Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|ge|fil|ter|ter}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|de|ungefilterter}}」的新頁面
9935697
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{hyphenation|de|ge|fil|ter|ter}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|de|ungefilterter}}
nareinaqoevakc6o9rxjkad4di2mvgz
gefilterten
0
3540860
9935698
2026-09-30T18:18:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935698
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}
6wm75xbfa5ie5r19hu8vz1ivk3qden6
gefiltertem
0
3540861
9935699
2026-09-30T18:18:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935699
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}
k6yf5frksll5v3v03jgp5jwnrlhzzhp
gefilterte
0
3540862
9935700
2026-09-30T18:18:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935700
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}
8d0ix8uf69qufc69aximqw8pcd9t24k
gefiltertes
0
3540863
9935701
2026-09-30T18:18:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935701
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfɪltɐtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-gefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|gefiltert}}
04qjubxt0c8exbsaoya6avoae60jx2f
ungefilterter
0
3540864
9935703
2026-09-30T18:19:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtɐ/}} * {{hyphenation|de|un|ge|fil|ter|ter}} * {{audio|de|De-ungefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}} ====反義詞==== * {{l|de|gefilterter}}」的新頁面
9935703
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtɐ/}}
* {{hyphenation|de|un|ge|fil|ter|ter}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefilterter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}
====反義詞====
* {{l|de|gefilterter}}
gv3modmi49qkv7rvl8daieh8ae4vbu2
ungefiltertem
0
3540865
9935704
2026-09-30T18:19:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935704
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefiltertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}
71bmm6qimtvjba0isulvobauapkezur
ungefilterten
0
3540866
9935705
2026-09-30T18:19:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935705
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefilterten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}
ikghkxmhl8qmdfmuhsyxuge4ireeljr
ungefilterte
0
3540867
9935706
2026-09-30T18:19:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935706
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefilterte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}
o9qi5hwajxuj3x6m6wjbzefj7puasv5
ungefiltertes
0
3540868
9935707
2026-09-30T18:19:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-ungefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}」的新頁面
9935707
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊnɡəˌfɪltɐtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ungefiltertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ungefiltert}}
3shbov83ohmy5f4p78tarckgxwgx4vd
filternder
0
3540869
9935708
2026-09-30T18:19:45Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-filternder.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filternd}}」的新頁面
9935708
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filternder.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filternd}}
c6iaiumhv03g4phmb9rtoq0jbklbixs
filternden
0
3540870
9935709
2026-09-30T18:19:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-filternden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filternd}}」的新頁面
9935709
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filternden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filternd}}
ctiok60w0f5gwtqcnb4jyu8tkbyvn2t
filterndem
0
3540871
9935710
2026-09-30T18:19:50Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterndem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filternd}}」的新頁面
9935710
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterndem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filternd}}
lplthy8omts2plkdod1k2za0eumhzxa
filternde
0
3540872
9935711
2026-09-30T18:19:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filternde.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filternd}}」的新頁面
9935711
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filternde.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filternd}}
8k5wo9xfh2qbwg1umt49lgl99d2blw8
filterndes
0
3540873
9935712
2026-09-30T18:19:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterndes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|filternd}}」的新頁面
9935712
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterndes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|filternd}}
794kxu3ulkzmhomnuzrzg2xme53rrez
filtere
0
3540874
9935713
2026-09-30T18:20:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Filtere}} ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filtere.ogg}} ===動詞=== {{head|nl|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|nl|filteren||s|pres|sub}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}} ==匈牙利語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{affix|hu|filter|-e|pos2=所有格後綴|noc…」的新頁面
9935713
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{also|Filtere}}
==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filtere.ogg}}
===動詞===
{{head|nl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|nl|filteren||s|pres|sub}}
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltəʁə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtere.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|hu|filter|-e|pos2=所有格後綴|nocat=y}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|fil|te|re}}
===名詞===
{{head|hu|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|hu|filter||3|s|spos|poss}}
====變格====
{{hu-infl-nom|filteré|e|n=sg|esm_sg=1}}
==盧森堡語==
===動詞===
{{head|lb|動詞變位形式}}
# {{lb-Eifel rule form|filteren}}
eq42o8rvpa8khxj5oei83qfshdvxx2h
filtert
0
3540875
9935714
2026-09-30T18:20:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filtert.ogg}} ===動詞=== {{head|nl|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|nl|filteren||pres-t}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐt/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtert.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}} ==匈牙利語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{affix|hu|filter|-t|nocat=y}}。 ===發音=== * {{hu-IPA}} * {{hyphenat…」的新頁面
9935714
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filtert.ogg}}
===動詞===
{{head|nl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|nl|filteren||pres-t}}
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|hu|filter|-t|nocat=y}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|fil|tert}}
===名詞===
{{head|hu|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|hu|filter||acc|s}}
==盧森堡語==
===動詞===
{{head|lb|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|lb|filteren||3|s|pres|ind|;|2|p|pres|ind|;|p|imp}}
4npgx7g7fcvmwo0mjz8a72m9edn1fj8
filterst
0
3540876
9935715
2026-09-30T18:20:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐst/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935715
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|pres}}
3lc22uw185osnsrmb8y3v98aeubkgcs
filterte
0
3540877
9935716
2026-09-30T18:20:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935716
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
f3yvtxggz4o28tn398bl6glm3wklntq
filtertest
0
3540878
9935717
2026-09-30T18:20:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtertest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935717
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtertest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
3dgvi0xcw4otuc2wwgn5yv62enoeebs
filterten
0
3540879
9935718
2026-09-30T18:21:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-filterten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935718
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filterten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
8pnpcngempgl8t1mnrieqkh1dtc9akb
filtertet
0
3540880
9935719
2026-09-30T18:21:13Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtət/}} * {{audio|de|De-filtertet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935719
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈfɪltɐtət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-filtertet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
87pup65405tnrdkjcm3f7bp6k72bl77
filterest
0
3540881
9935720
2026-09-30T18:21:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===詞源=== {{suffix|en|filter|est|nocat=1}} ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|filter||st-form}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=eefilrstt|fertilest|filterset}} ==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935720
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==英語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|en|filter|est|nocat=1}}
===動詞===
{{head|en|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|en|filter||st-form}}
===異序詞===
* {{anagrams|en|a=eefilrstt|fertilest|filterset}}
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|s|sub|I}}
rjln3gzm0yze1teyth6d8ldjq0esfgy
filteret
0
3540882
9935721
2026-09-30T18:21:26Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==丹麥語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|da|filtret}} ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{infl of|da|filter||def|s}} ==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|p|sub|I}} ==書面挪威語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|nb|filtret}} ===名詞=== {{head|nb|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{infl of|nb|filter||def|s}} ==新挪威語== ===名詞=== {{head|nn|名詞變格形|g=n}} # {{infl…」的新頁面
9935721
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==丹麥語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|da|filtret}}
===名詞===
{{head|da|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{infl of|da|filter||def|s}}
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|filtern||2|p|sub|I}}
==書面挪威語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|nb|filtret}}
===名詞===
{{head|nb|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{infl of|nb|filter||def|s}}
==新挪威語==
===名詞===
{{head|nn|名詞變格形|g=n}}
# {{infl of|nn|filter||def|s}}
bx16fqrkiey1io3725xzpkyk8x2892l
filteren
0
3540883
9935722
2026-09-30T18:22:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Filteren}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|nl|filter|-en|id2=派生自名詞}},現今用法可能受到{{der|nl|en|filter|pos=動詞}} 的影響。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˈfɪl.tə.rə(n)/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-filteren.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|fil|te|ren}} ===動詞=== {{nl-verb}} # {{lb|nl|及物|主要用於專業領域以外的語境}} [[過濾]] {{defdate|自19世紀}} #: {{syn|nl|filtreren}} ====用法說明==== 这…」的新頁面
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{{also|Filteren}}
==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|nl|filter|-en|id2=派生自名詞}},現今用法可能受到{{der|nl|en|filter|pos=動詞}} 的影響。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˈfɪl.tə.rə(n)/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filteren.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|fil|te|ren}}
===動詞===
{{nl-verb}}
# {{lb|nl|及物|主要用於專業領域以外的語境}} [[過濾]] {{defdate|自19世紀}}
#: {{syn|nl|filtreren}}
====用法說明====
这个词现在通常用于更非正式的语境中,例如爱好、摄影等。在化学和物理等学术学科中,过滤通常使用動詞 {{m|nl|filtreren}}。
====變位====
{{nl-conj-wk|filter}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|nl|filtering}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:nl:Etymologiebank}}
* {{R:nl:Woordenlijst}}
==匈牙利語==
===詞源===
源自 {{affix|hu|filter|-en|nocat=y}}。
===發音===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hyphenation|hu|fil|te|ren}}
===名詞===
{{head|hu|名詞變格形}}
# {{inflection of|hu|filter||spe|s}}
==盧森堡語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|lb|filtere||Eifel rule}}
===詞源===
源自 {{af|lb|Filter|-en}}。
===動詞===
{{lb-verb}}
# [[過濾]]
====變位====
{{lb-conj-regular|filter|gefiltert|hunn}}
====近義詞====
{{col|lb|filtréieren}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:lb:LOD}}
4f076zxl1g3k0wjcnbqx43xprsipds4
filtreren
0
3540884
9935723
2026-09-30T18:23:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|nl|filtreeren||棄用}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|nl|fr|filtrer}}(源自{{der|nl|frm|filtrer}})或{{bor|nl|de|filtrieren}},上述兩者均來自{{der|nl|la|filtrō}}。<ref>{{R:nl:EWN}}</ref>等價於 {{suf|nl|filter|eren}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˌfɪlˈtreː.rə(n)/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-filtreren.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|fil|tre|ren}} * {{rhymes|nl|eːrən}} ===動詞=== {{nl-verb}} # {{lb|nl|…」的新頁面
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==荷蘭語==
===其他形式===
* {{alt|nl|filtreeren||棄用}}
===詞源===
{{bor+|nl|fr|filtrer}}(源自{{der|nl|frm|filtrer}})或{{bor|nl|de|filtrieren}},上述兩者均來自{{der|nl|la|filtrō}}。<ref>{{R:nl:EWN}}</ref>等價於 {{suf|nl|filter|eren}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌfɪlˈtreː.rə(n)/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filtreren.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|fil|tre|ren}}
* {{rhymes|nl|eːrən}}
===動詞===
{{nl-verb}}
# {{lb|nl|及物|用於專業、學術領域}} [[過濾]] {{defdate|自17世紀}}
#: {{syn|nl|filteren}}
====用法說明====
这个词主要用于化学、地质学和物理学等学术语境中。在非正式场合,通常使用 {{m|nl|filteren}}。
====變位====
{{nl-conj-wk|filtreer|filtrere}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|nl|filtrering}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|nl|filter}}
* {{l|nl|filtratie}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
nnw3qy27ryqs1b2j8gtk87lod6bosgk
filtrering
0
3540885
9935724
2026-09-30T18:23:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==瑞典語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|sv|filtrera|-ing<id:動詞性名詞>}}。 ===名詞=== {{sv-noun|c}} # [[過濾]] ====變格==== {{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:svenska.se}}」的新頁面
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==瑞典語==
===詞源===
源自 {{af|sv|filtrera|-ing<id:動詞性名詞>}}。
===名詞===
{{sv-noun|c}}
# [[過濾]]
====變格====
{{sv-infl-noun-c-ar}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:svenska.se}}
obnzu5ddmfgq7q35nu61h1fcmy15go9
filtratie
0
3540886
9935725
2026-09-30T18:24:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|nl|fr|filtration}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|nl|/ˌfɪlˈtraː.(t)si/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-filtratie.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|fil|tra|tie}} * {{rhymes|nl|aːtsi}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|f|-s|-}} # [[過濾]] {{defdate|自18世紀初}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|nl|filter}} * {{l|nl|filtreren}}」的新頁面
9935725
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==荷蘭語==
===詞源===
{{bor+|nl|fr|filtration}}。
===發音===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˌfɪlˈtraː.(t)si/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filtratie.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|fil|tra|tie}}
* {{rhymes|nl|aːtsi}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun|f|-s|-}}
# [[過濾]] {{defdate|自18世紀初}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|nl|filter}}
* {{l|nl|filtreren}}
pfwckuclxhgstaci0h37gom6tvxjwf7
filtrera
0
3540887
9935726
2026-09-30T18:24:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|filtrerà}} ==法語== ===動詞=== {{head|fr|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|fr|filtrer||3|s|simple|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|flétrira}} * {{l|fr|flirtera}} ==瑞典語== ===詞源=== {{suffix|sv|filter|era}} ===動詞=== {{sv-verb-reg}} # [[過濾]] ====變位==== {{sv-conj-wk}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|sv|filtrering}} * {{l|sv|infiltrera}}」的新頁面
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{{also|filtrerà}}
==法語==
===動詞===
{{head|fr|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|fr|filtrer||3|s|simple|futr}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|flétrira}}
* {{l|fr|flirtera}}
==瑞典語==
===詞源===
{{suffix|sv|filter|era}}
===動詞===
{{sv-verb-reg}}
# [[過濾]]
====變位====
{{sv-conj-wk}}
====相關詞彙====
* {{l|sv|filtrering}}
* {{l|sv|infiltrera}}
j8je1hfloj6puo9qqp9xpirnle3yu20
filtraties
0
3540888
9935727
2026-09-30T18:24:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filtraties.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|filtratie}}」的新頁面
9935727
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filtraties.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{head|nl|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|nl|filtratie}}
jqir3zjg2lzznw11nccer4crupjr7op
filterend
0
3540889
9935728
2026-09-30T18:24:42Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filterend.ogg}} ===分詞=== {{head|nl|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|nl|filteren}} ====變格==== {{nl-decl-pres-ptc}}」的新頁面
9935728
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filterend.ogg}}
===分詞===
{{head|nl|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|nl|filteren}}
====變格====
{{nl-decl-pres-ptc}}
i5wr387xozqbzm2v3vvh7yja35or8tr
filterde
0
3540890
9935729
2026-09-30T18:24:44Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filterde.ogg}} ===動詞=== {{head|nl|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|nl|filteren||past-sg}}」的新頁面
9935729
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filterde.ogg}}
===動詞===
{{head|nl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|nl|filteren||past-sg}}
ciw31pfgvw2w4dcg1ktziik2nj5lnnt
filterden
0
3540891
9935730
2026-09-30T18:24:45Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-filterden.ogg}} ===動詞=== {{head|nl|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|nl|filteren||past-pl}}」的新頁面
9935730
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-filterden.ogg}}
===動詞===
{{head|nl|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|nl|filteren||past-pl}}
32v1jws7ufx4y3mumq68iq1mytf9apl
gefilterd
0
3540892
9935731
2026-09-30T18:24:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-gefilterd.ogg}} ===分詞=== {{nl-past-ptc}} # {{past participle of|nl|filteren}} ====變格==== {{nl-decl-past-ptc}}」的新頁面
9935731
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-gefilterd.ogg}}
===分詞===
{{nl-past-ptc}}
# {{past participle of|nl|filteren}}
====變格====
{{nl-decl-past-ptc}}
6m8m8t4x1mleoimie44qgmvji9iqdfb
無爲而治
0
3540893
9935744
2026-09-30T23:05:40Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
9935744
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==漢語==
{{zh-see|無為而治}}
tjljya0047j6x428meuoe5cysccauf4
主體性
0
3540894
9935746
2026-09-30T23:17:22Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
9935746
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=主体性|type=21}}
{{wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=zhǔtǐxìng
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# 有[[意識]][[體驗]]的[[個人]]和[[個體]]
# {{lb|zh|廣義}} 具有[[能動性]]的[[實體]]
{{C|zh|哲學}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|せい|yomi=o}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいせい}}
# {{ja-kyu sp|主体性}}
==朝鮮語==
{{ko-hanjatab}}
===名詞===
{{ko-noun|hangeul=주체성}}
# {{hanja form of|주체성}}
084iwkialsbmw7zbog9s6aljd37hwj8
しゅたい
0
3540895
9935747
2026-09-30T23:18:22Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
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{{also|しゅだい|じゅたい|じゅだい}}
==日語==
{{ja-see-kango|主体}}
c3ivnx63sxbozzie29c83a66xrugc5c
主体思想
0
3540896
9935750
2026-09-30T23:33:50Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
9935750
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==漢語==
{{zh-see|主體思想}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|し|そう|yomi=on}}
===發音===
{{ja-pron|しゅたいしそう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}
{{ja-IPA|チュチェしそう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいしそう|hhira=しさう}}
{{ja-noun|チュチェしそう}}
# [[主體思想]]
===來源===
{{reflist}}
{{C|ja|共產主義|意識形態|民族主義|主體思想|朝鮮}}
6znb3sbd9yp5qv7800acgirs4rdm0ud
9935751
9935750
2026-09-30T23:34:05Z
Fglffer
55252
/* 日語 */
9935751
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==漢語==
{{zh-see|主體思想}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|し|そう|yomi=on}}
===發音===
{{ja-pron|しゅたいしそう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}
{{ja-IPA|チュチェしそう|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいしそう|hhira=しゅたいしさう}}
# [[主體思想]]
===來源===
{{reflist}}
{{C|ja|共產主義|意識形態|民族主義|主體思想|朝鮮}}
jgxdg90kb7z5461optjft7jv3s1mtys
無殼蝸牛
0
3540897
9935756
2026-10-01T00:01:44Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
9935756
wikitext
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|s=无壳蜗牛|type=112}}
{{wp}}
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=wúké 蜗niú
|c=mou4 hok3 wo1 ngau4
|cat=n
}}
===名詞===
{{head|zh|名詞}}
# {{lb|zh|Taiwan|Hong Kong|figuratively}} 無力[[購買]][[房屋]]、[[負擔]][[房貸]]而必須[[租屋]]的人
3y5zdtqi4gpdjs32q1abz7longw9h4k
喜上眉梢
0
3540898
9935758
2026-10-01T00:07:26Z
Fglffer
55252
新詞條
9935758
wikitext
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==漢語==
{{zh-forms|type=112}}
===詞源===
首次記載於清朝小說《{{w|兒女英雄傳}}》。
===發音===
{{zh-pron
|m=xǐshàngméishāo
|cat=cy
}}
===成語===
{{head|zh|成語}}
# [[喜悅]]之情[[流露]]於[[眉宇]]之間
1ijjobrkhwisdcxy0cxkal65oqzymbz
verrouillé
0
3540899
9935772
2026-10-01T05:11:18Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法语== ===分词=== # {{past participle of|fr|verrouiller}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:TLFi}}」的新頁面
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==法语==
===分词===
# {{past participle of|fr|verrouiller}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
o4svidom2ocp38vi8tbqryvenk8dk0n
9935773
9935772
2026-10-01T05:11:59Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
/* 法语 */
9935773
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==法语==
===分词===
{{fr-past participle}}
# {{past participle of|fr|verrouiller}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
14xfiv5f74me1e3218ayfggb8pbt2t5
9935780
9935773
2026-10-01T06:23:30Z
TongcyDai
53191
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{{also|verrouille}}
==法语==
===分词===
{{fr-past participle}}
# {{past participle of|fr|verrouiller}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
miqjzown8j9qgsbhnhpz2jdlb7b0d38
9935781
9935780
2026-10-01T06:23:35Z
TongcyDai
53191
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==法语==
===分词===
{{fr-past participle}}
# {{past participle of|fr|verrouiller}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
78irrvrxlist64tr583cc2pns3tbu2x
verrouillée
0
3540900
9935774
2026-10-01T05:13:04Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法语== ===分词=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|verrouillé}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:TLFi}}」的新頁面
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==法语==
===分词===
{{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}}
# {{feminine singular of|fr|verrouillé}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
6d2fzmreeqbt2h69brrrh3dc09a63au
verrouillés
0
3540901
9935775
2026-10-01T05:14:33Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法语== ===分词=== {{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|verrouillé}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:TLFi}}」的新頁面
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==法语==
===分词===
{{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}}
# {{masculine plural of|fr|verrouillé}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:TLFi}}
r6l15n2m16lb0yvgzr1ifeq11f4i2zt
9935779
9935775
2026-10-01T06:22:53Z
TongcyDai
53191
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wikitext
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{{also|verrouilles}}
==法語==
===分詞===
{{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}}
# {{masculine plural of|fr|verrouillé}}
7pqyjyy0mriau4iz8u6onqnautvk9st
verrouillées
0
3540902
9935776
2026-10-01T05:16:20Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法语== ===分词=== {{head|fr|noun form|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|verrouillé}}」的新頁面
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==法语==
===分词===
{{head|fr|noun form|g=f-p}}
# {{feminine plural of|fr|verrouillé}}
h0075j9h2h5178jabath4fhzbabhg7e
9935777
9935776
2026-10-01T05:17:38Z
肉丝跑蛋
18924
/* 分词 */
9935777
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==法语==
===分词===
{{head|fr|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}}
# {{feminine plural of|fr|verrouillé}}
q3bs2pld9sz4wjp3vehr622f78m4a9j
四書五経
0
3540903
9935786
2026-10-01T06:41:57Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|し|しょ|ご|きょう|yomi=goon}} {{swp|ja:}} ===詞源=== 源自{{der|ja|lzh-lit|四書五經|sort=ししょごきょう}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ししょ ごきょう|dev=1|acc=1}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|ししょ ごきょう|hhira=ししよ ごきやう}} # [[四書五經]] ====同類詞彙==== {{list:Four Books and Five Classics/ja}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0002718600}}…」的新頁面
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==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|し|しょ|ご|きょう|yomi=goon}}
{{swp|ja:}}
===詞源===
源自{{der|ja|lzh-lit|四書五經|sort=ししょごきょう}}。
===發音===
{{ja-pron|ししょ ごきょう|dev=1|acc=1}}
===專有名詞===
{{ja-pos|proper|ししょ ごきょう|hhira=ししよ ごきやう}}
# [[四書五經]]
====同類詞彙====
{{list:Four Books and Five Classics/ja}}
===參考資料===
* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0002718600}}
{{c|ja|儒教}}
6wg6qba4fcb7e4g0kowy7seulqo8jzg
主体性
0
3540904
9935790
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Sayonzei
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[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==漢語== {{zh-see|主體性}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|せい|yomi=o}} ===發音=== {{ja-pron|しゅたいせい|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK7,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|しゅたいせい}} # [[主體性]] ===參考資料=== <references/>」的新頁面
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==漢語==
{{zh-see|主體性}}
==日語==
{{ja-kanjitab|しゅ|たい|せい|yomi=o}}
===發音===
{{ja-pron|しゅたいせい|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK7,NKD2}}
===名詞===
{{ja-noun|しゅたいせい}}
# [[主體性]]
===參考資料===
<references/>
g5fw2gjsj9ii7rgic80xxb4zprxefz0
conflicten
0
3540905
9935793
2026-10-01T06:50:09Z
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[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-conflicten.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|conflict}}」的新頁面
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-conflicten.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{head|nl|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|nl|conflict}}
5nhju2ape1jnjxtkzm9sjj44062gjm3
conflictje
0
3540906
9935794
2026-10-01T06:50:29Z
Sayonzei
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[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:User:Sayonzei/nl-dim|conflict}}」的新頁面
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg}}
===名詞===
{{nl-noun-dim}}
# {{diminutive of|nl|conflict}}
4izpv9uwajecwihe9dk9p5eq1kkqy9n
conflictjes
0
3540907
9935795
2026-10-01T06:50:36Z
Sayonzei
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[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:User:Sayonzei/nl-pl|conflictje}}」的新頁面
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==荷蘭語==
===發音===
* {{audio|nl|Nl-{{PAGENAME}}.ogg|audio}}
===名詞===
{{head|nl|名詞變格形}}
# {{nl-noun form of|pl|conflictje}}
bi3xl7e5sxezy8dusrg212ampmbmlsq
verrous
0
3540908
9935803
2026-10-01T07:02:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{rhymes|fr|u|s=2}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|verrou}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|rouvres}}」的新頁面
9935803
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==法語==
===發音===
* {{rhymes|fr|u|s=2}}
===名詞===
{{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}}
# {{plural of|fr|verrou}}
===異序詞===
* {{l|fr|rouvres}}
r2acwqozcivee6zkiy9cs4d692ik6xz
polarisierender
0
3540909
9935807
2026-10-01T07:07:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}」的新頁面
9935807
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}
802iitl1l0xzxofgkiqdibgqv1e11rx
polarisierenden
0
3540910
9935808
2026-10-01T07:07:25Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}」的新頁面
9935808
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}
b0qd6ebmlcvhbd4vuw8cxra9fz2ado5
polarisierendem
0
3540911
9935809
2026-10-01T07:07:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}」的新頁面
9935809
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}
4vhmme54ns3gj4ccf7nbwry6dlnv2f2
polarisierende
0
3540912
9935810
2026-10-01T07:07:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}」的新頁面
9935810
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}
f3dkbazsqo3y3tegoh3f4g6byx055gi
polarisierendes
0
3540913
9935811
2026-10-01T07:07:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}」的新頁面
9935811
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisierend}}
95ohqdjicrkzrau3qev6wetib5v8qwt
polarisierter
0
3540914
9935812
2026-10-01T07:08:06Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}」的新頁面
9935812
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}
ri6982or6b6xw6spjs644edsa3pop3t
polarisiertem
0
3540915
9935813
2026-10-01T07:08:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təm/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisiertem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}」的新頁面
9935813
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiertem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}
j5l0v5ax1dejgyauc3vhpf5lt5rqsn6
polarisiertes
0
3540916
9935814
2026-10-01T07:08:13Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təs/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisiertes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}」的新頁面
9935814
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiertes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}
6gu85ctfnycvkfsys86cgprpbz2z3e3
polarisierten
0
3540917
9935815
2026-10-01T07:12:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}」的新頁面
9935815
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}
6987im7epv6d3itso6rx4qdqyk1xypo
polarisierte
0
3540918
9935816
2026-10-01T07:12:58Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}」的新頁面
9935816
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|polarisiert}}
2s8ve17l3yqxeqk1a3if94wb6nyshvs
polarisiere
0
3540919
9935817
2026-10-01T07:13:13Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisiere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935817
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiere.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}
9uaw35ec5wi3fnul2h0wylwss77kj8g
polarisierst
0
3540920
9935818
2026-10-01T07:13:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯st/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935818
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯st/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|pres}}
9z6s8v0z9kw9r8hz1p1pb1viy7tw2li
polarisiertest
0
3540921
9935819
2026-10-01T07:13:16Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təst/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisiertest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935819
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯təst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiertest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
ldozn25sbfqpotg7kv9lbhvn5ejz8c5
polarisier
0
3540922
9935820
2026-10-01T07:13:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisier.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|polarisieren||s|imp}}」的新頁面
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisier.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|polarisieren||s|imp}}
mxmnp4sblcf2zupw06xasi7loawwpen
polarisiertet
0
3540923
9935821
2026-10-01T07:13:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tət/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisiertet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935821
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːɐ̯tət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisiertet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
qnavvzgkhapozyq86htto3pd9yxxryd
polarisieret
0
3540924
9935822
2026-10-01T07:13:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁət/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisieret.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935822
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisieret.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|p|sub|I}}
dxvw2ls8t5j26n9mhelyxwacf7pm7kp
polarisierest
0
3540925
9935823
2026-10-01T07:13:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-polarisierest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935823
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/polaʁiˈziːʁəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-polarisierest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|polarisieren||2|s|sub|I}}
fz1p9ufd3yqq04i7lutqf8oofuhm54k
ultravioletter
0
3540926
9935824
2026-10-01T07:14:13Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtɐ/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-ultravioletter.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-ultravioletter2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}」的新頁面
9935824
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtɐ/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultravioletter.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultravioletter2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}
jn2qyz7avmd1ls8qe5kkmef7yezo24r
ultravioletten
0
3540927
9935825
2026-10-01T07:14:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtn̩/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-ultravioletten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-ultravioletten2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}」的新頁面
9935825
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtn̩/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultravioletten.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultravioletten2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}
kqp8eb56ph98nf9ie3e93igobk42tdf
ultraviolettem
0
3540928
9935826
2026-10-01T07:14:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtəm/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettem.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettem2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}」的新頁面
9935826
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtəm/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettem.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettem2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}
5jaygsgmd621hmzgr19c1vrzlk3az4d
ultraviolette
0
3540929
9935827
2026-10-01T07:14:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|ultraviolet}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtə/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolette.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolette2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|ultravi.olètte,ultraviolètte<ref:{{R:it:DiP…」的新頁面
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==法語==
===形容詞===
{{head|fr|形容詞變格形}}
# {{feminine singular of|fr|ultraviolet}}
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtə/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolette.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolette2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|ultravi.olètte,ultraviolètte<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|violetto}}>}}
===形容詞===
{{head|it|形容詞變格形}}
# {{feminine plural of|it|ultravioletto}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
m8djzegg8sc3jkubbf6ilhvv3yyjfvn
ultraviolettes
0
3540930
9935828
2026-10-01T07:14:39Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|ultraviolet}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtəs/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettes.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettes2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}」的新頁面
9935828
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==法語==
===形容詞===
{{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} {{g|f-p}}
# {{feminine plural of|fr|ultraviolet}}
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈʊltʁavioˌlɛtəs/|/ˌʊltʁavioˈlɛtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettes.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-ultraviolettes2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ultraviolett}}
5od27r7qthyc9p7sjzpvu8o3lkwaesc
ultravioletta
0
3540931
9935830
2026-10-01T07:15:06Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|ultravi.olètta,ultraviolètta<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|violetto}}>}} ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|it|ultravioletto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}}」的新頁面
9935830
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==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|ultravi.olètta,ultraviolètta<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|violetto}}>}}
===形容詞===
{{head|it|形容詞變格形}}
# {{feminine singular of|it|ultravioletto}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
j3oan1fz15sp29yu1bmihumom5d0f46
ultravioletti
0
3540932
9935831
2026-10-01T07:15:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==芬蘭語== ===詞源=== {{prefix|fi|ultra|t1=超|violetti|t2=藍紫色}} ===發音=== {{fi-p|ultra-violetti}} ===名詞=== {{fi-noun}} # [[紫外線]] ====變格==== {{fi-decl-risti|ultraviole|tt|t|a}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|fi|title=複合詞 |ultraviolettiaalto |ultraviolettikatastrofi |ultraviolettisäteily |ultraviolettivalo }} ===形容詞=== {{fi-adj}} # [[紫外線]]的 ====變格==== {{fi-decl-risti|pos=adj|ultraviole|…」的新頁面
9935831
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==芬蘭語==
===詞源===
{{prefix|fi|ultra|t1=超|violetti|t2=藍紫色}}
===發音===
{{fi-p|ultra-violetti}}
===名詞===
{{fi-noun}}
# [[紫外線]]
====變格====
{{fi-decl-risti|ultraviole|tt|t|a}}
====派生詞彙====
{{col|fi|title=複合詞
|ultraviolettiaalto
|ultraviolettikatastrofi
|ultraviolettisäteily
|ultraviolettivalo
}}
===形容詞===
{{fi-adj}}
# [[紫外線]]的
====變格====
{{fi-decl-risti|pos=adj|ultraviole|tt|t|a}}
==意大利語==
===發音===
{{it-pr|ultravi.olètti,ultraviolètti<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|violetto}}>}}
===形容詞===
{{head|it|形容詞變格形}}
# {{masculine plural of|it|ultravioletto}}
===參考資料===
{{reflist}}
6jrhzvlccbluvmugh0dn72sz65rb1yf
Funktionsweisen
0
3540933
9935833
2026-10-01T07:18:07Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʊŋkˈt͡si̯oːnsˌvaɪ̯zn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Funktionsweisen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|de|Funktionsweise}}」的新頁面
9935833
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/fʊŋkˈt͡si̯oːnsˌvaɪ̯zn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-Funktionsweisen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===名詞===
{{head|de|名詞變格形}}
# {{plural of|de|Funktionsweise}}
c8yn4472saxgn71cgqk0bpk1v447pks
unterbindend
0
3540934
9935838
2026-10-01T07:24:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||pres|part}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935838
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||pres|part}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
mu9uw9330sae0x9y327ejhz99lixnx1
unterbunden
0
3540935
9935839
2026-10-01T07:24:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndən/|[ʊntɐˈbʊndn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbunden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|unterbinden}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935839
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndən/|[ʊntɐˈbʊndn̩]}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbunden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|unterbinden}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
scv6hvdko4jbciwcxle1cnrkbwjvr4q
unterbindender
0
3540936
9935840
2026-10-01T07:24:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}」的新頁面
9935840
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}
hwa3acqntd5aqohhhzhh61y9146560v
unterbindenden
0
3540937
9935841
2026-10-01T07:24:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}」的新頁面
9935841
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}
agjra56d9zdtgd9qhree85kik7n8kho
unterbindendem
0
3540938
9935842
2026-10-01T07:24:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}」的新頁面
9935842
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}
ctebbi7n8xul5auqmfeawl2bftplsch
unterbindende
0
3540939
9935843
2026-10-01T07:24:44Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}」的新頁面
9935843
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩də/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}
el4hivtsayyncdfb7fnac5519nd03dg
unterbindendes
0
3540940
9935844
2026-10-01T07:24:46Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}」的新頁面
9935844
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndn̩dəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbindend}}
dmdhpdf7swxgza35kzxkub9pn459lfn
unterbundener
0
3540941
9935845
2026-10-01T07:25:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbundener.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}」的新頁面
9935845
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbundener.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}
jtrssjdkfdhjzrcwhtcd1nfthbnb2m5
unterbundenen
0
3540942
9935846
2026-10-01T07:25:18Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənən/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbundenen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}」的新頁面
9935846
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbundenen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}
bkkhoqb4jgbr3lms9e2hdy64s1qqshf
unterbundenem
0
3540943
9935847
2026-10-01T07:25:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbundenem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}」的新頁面
9935847
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbundenem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}
alwu6lbw029tn9hebb58i07vw2c9evy
unterbundene
0
3540944
9935848
2026-10-01T07:25:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənə/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbundene.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}」的新頁面
9935848
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbundene.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}
2azegtht2r5v6thgsudphxv7lp6h1xl
unterbundenes
0
3540945
9935849
2026-10-01T07:25:24Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbundenes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}」的新頁面
9935849
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbʊndənəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbundenes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|unterbunden}}
e08vr0r51xpdz67efdmzehy6b83d0gt
unterbinde
0
3540946
9935850
2026-10-01T07:25:35Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbinde.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp|;|1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935850
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbinde.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp|;|1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}
oow34d4slnznw5anajmj25hm3kloumw
unterbindest
0
3540947
9935851
2026-10-01T07:25:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pres|;|2|s|sub|I|;|2|s|dep|pres|;|2|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935851
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pres|;|2|s|sub|I|;|2|s|dep|pres|;|2|s|dep|sub|I}}
pnpm2pbc1rgoosdoxkow4ekjok5chwb
unterbindet
0
3540948
9935852
2026-10-01T07:25:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndət/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbindet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|unterbinden||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|2|p|sub|I|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935852
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪndət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbindet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|unterbinden||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|2|p|sub|I|;|p|imp}}
3bp8cqv1oaptac66hf1nn6gqzw2z0eu
unterband
0
3540949
9935853
2026-10-01T07:25:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbant/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterband.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|ant}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|unterbinden||pret}}」的新頁面
9935853
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbant/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterband.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{rhymes|de|ant}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|unterbinden||pret}}
1uj0f9c8laydwidbu39umqh25fxah5e
unterbandest
0
3540950
9935854
2026-10-01T07:25:46Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbandest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pret|;|2|s|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9935854
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbandest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pret|;|2|s|dep|pret}}
f3wmbvsmi0luz54tknbxj8e1lhdzv2j
unterbandst
0
3540951
9935855
2026-10-01T07:25:47Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbant͡st/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbandst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pret|;|2|s|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9935855
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbant͡st/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbandst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|pret|;|2|s|dep|pret}}
6b519bhzh97kcijm6xe72ei2c1e0ml7
unterbind
0
3540952
9935856
2026-10-01T07:25:49Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪnt/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbind.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935856
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɪnt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbind.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||s|imp}}
gfti33z6qgtvufqfx2tf8xxjb64mg1v
unterbanden
0
3540953
9935857
2026-10-01T07:26:09Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbanden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9935857
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbanden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|pret}}
g3sh85tdyh8sl0h9zsdf8jqebhkj3js
unterbandet
0
3540954
9935858
2026-10-01T07:26:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandət/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbandet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|p|pret|;|2|p|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9935858
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbandət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbandet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|p|pret|;|2|p|dep|pret}}
8vtr4mdwg41fll95r3ibkvwsldj1awd
unterbände
0
3540955
9935859
2026-10-01T07:26:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbände.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|s|sub|II|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935859
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbände.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|s|sub|II|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
nspsusfki2rq07mca1njjvevbdzprxz
unterbändest
0
3540956
9935860
2026-10-01T07:26:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbändest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|sub|II|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935860
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbändest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|s|sub|II|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}
124wt02i0tjc4efntnhjckw8fgjxrqj
unterbänden
0
3540957
9935861
2026-10-01T07:26:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbänden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|p|sub|II|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935861
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbänden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||1//3|p|sub|II|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
pf3sswmxlaxhh35v8io6jysr56zo4fz
unterbändet
0
3540958
9935862
2026-10-01T07:26:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndət/}} * {{audio|de|De-unterbändet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|p|sub|II|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935862
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ʊntɐˈbɛndət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-unterbändet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|unterbinden||2|p|sub|II|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}
i2dhdbvi62dyy1kpiatft1x74pw6sfj
übereinanderzulegen
0
3540959
9935864
2026-10-01T07:28:25Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐt͡suˌleːɡn̩/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐt͡suˌleːɡŋ̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderzulegen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderzulegen2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|übereinanderlegen}}」的新頁面
9935864
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐt͡suˌleːɡn̩/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐt͡suˌleːɡŋ̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderzulegen.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderzulegen2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|übereinanderlegen}}
nvi0uqqqf4fhjgsxsn3fabzey8d775k
übereinanderlegend
0
3540960
9935865
2026-10-01T07:28:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩t/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegend.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegend2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||pres|part}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935865
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩t/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegend.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegend2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||pres|part}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
rb45xq7h5715d1cjx293ft16tbxqptw
übereinandergelegt
0
3540961
9935866
2026-10-01T07:28:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːkt/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||past|part}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935866
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːkt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||past|part}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
pcmc0hwwcbdhy1ck54ty7sstxctvu3h
übereinanderlegender
0
3540962
9935867
2026-10-01T07:28:49Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dɐ/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegender.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegender2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}」的新頁面
9935867
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dɐ/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegender.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegender2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}
04aqfz4f7y9l8sfssda03qi19dp02nj
übereinanderlegenden
0
3540963
9935868
2026-10-01T07:28:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dən/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̍dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegenden.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegenden2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}」的新頁面
9935868
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dən/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̍dən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegenden2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}
b5uwtr8mw0wwt8e4w6ep409r4lckvmm
übereinanderlegendem
0
3540964
9935869
2026-10-01T07:28:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dəm/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendem.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendem2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}」的新頁面
9935869
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dəm/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendem2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}
13kjmuxcf39b2m2ogsuzvr6yqh65hdu
übereinanderlegende
0
3540965
9935870
2026-10-01T07:28:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩də/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegende.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegende2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}」的新頁面
9935870
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩də/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩də/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegende.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegende2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}
fzqn7orqzeinpehzmx7qxujy30jts8c
übereinanderlegendes
0
3540966
9935871
2026-10-01T07:28:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dəs/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendes.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendes2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}」的新頁面
9935871
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡn̩dəs/|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡŋ̩dəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegendes2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinanderlegend}}
1y2zyii8xllcn1td309kuh1hzenznht
übereinandergelegter
0
3540967
9935872
2026-10-01T07:29:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}」的新頁面
9935872
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}
87p82ndgry9pk45cm8muzgvjugdgx4s
übereinandergelegten
0
3540968
9935873
2026-10-01T07:29:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}」的新頁面
9935873
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}
h84ylz0feh9j7ugter4qqlxad2wuig7
übereinandergelegtem
0
3540969
9935874
2026-10-01T07:29:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegtem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}」的新頁面
9935874
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegtem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}
4hz0tel2tadii4r9zq397p9bgxa9wxe
übereinandergelegte
0
3540970
9935875
2026-10-01T07:29:15Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktə/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}」的新頁面
9935875
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}
if2unhkllxnusmj3ov0thdk4zoirxs8
übereinandergelegtes
0
3540971
9935876
2026-10-01T07:29:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegtes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}」的新頁面
9935876
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐɡəˌleːktəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinandergelegtes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|übereinandergelegt}}
f721ejvffoqxtxillb2tcth2p7rw0zb
lege übereinander
0
3540972
9935877
2026-10-01T07:29:44Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡə yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-lege übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935877
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡə yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lege übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
8jha7qcdz5dtfjdqijg7jwwf6dn2mo7
legst übereinander
0
3540973
9935878
2026-10-01T07:29:45Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːkst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legst übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935878
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːkst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legst übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|pres}}
hgffb5j95w0l7jtx8tchus8x9das4pb
legte übereinander
0
3540974
9935879
2026-10-01T07:29:47Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktə yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legte übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935879
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktə yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legte übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
kgn6j2xmhmqic7ifjvlrc7mamib8m4v
legt übereinander
0
3540975
9935880
2026-10-01T07:29:48Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːkt yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legt übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935880
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːkt yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legt übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|pres|;|3|s|pres|;|p|imp}}
7nwjsnl9yaono9nrxaduj167l7r62dw
legtest übereinander
0
3540976
9935881
2026-10-01T07:29:49Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktəst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legtest übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935881
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktəst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legtest übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
jzussxjv3059vajy1q0o17ipcgpm5hc
leg übereinander
0
3540977
9935882
2026-10-01T07:29:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːk yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-leg übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935882
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːk yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-leg übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||s|imp}}
1dy5daes8kix6lv17taj3yuajry12cm
legen übereinander
0
3540978
9935883
2026-10-01T07:30:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡn̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/|/ˌleːɡŋ̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legen übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-legen übereinander2.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935883
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡn̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/|/ˌleːɡŋ̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legen übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-legen übereinander2.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
gywljt0gghbj75aylc2ki5diktf3j45
legtet übereinander
0
3540979
9935884
2026-10-01T07:30:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktət yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legtet übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935884
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktət yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legtet übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
odm6ilxl251k3lid3orc7vxilidwove
legest übereinander
0
3540980
9935885
2026-10-01T07:30:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡəst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legest übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935885
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡəst yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legest übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|sub|I}}
1fdarlx7gpy4jofjoksk11g2rgowffr
legten übereinander
0
3540981
9935886
2026-10-01T07:30:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktn̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-legten übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935886
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːktn̩ yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-legten übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
b2wigpxyllkqedymok2jhp33vc5yrik
leget übereinander
0
3540982
9935887
2026-10-01T07:30:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡət yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-leget übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935887
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌleːɡət yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-leget übereinander.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|sub|I}}
4063em3zd8hsy4hbsar29hle1kuf169
übereinanderlege
0
3540983
9935888
2026-10-01T07:30:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡə/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlege.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935888
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlege.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}
o7kd2cqqmb5dxjjiih0lhc8kulma6bq
übereinanderlegte
0
3540984
9935889
2026-10-01T07:30:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktə/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935889
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
btawscqp9fjuc61wua320x2sz2zya2q
übereinanderlegtest
0
3540985
9935890
2026-10-01T07:30:32Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegtest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935890
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegtest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}
eah4324d4ben02pzdh81zy4rhztjbb2
übereinanderlegt
0
3540986
9935891
2026-10-01T07:30:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːkt/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9935891
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːkt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegt.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres}}
rgianob2udtkr421p0a6yb0tghzebde
übereinanderlegst
0
3540987
9935892
2026-10-01T07:30:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːkst/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9935892
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːkst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|pres}}
2e2tkjnqnxz7l1lxjthy9h5s641i3zy
übereinanderlegten
0
3540988
9935893
2026-10-01T07:30:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935893
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
krr21lnfqdrsd3g3taj6u5b0s425ceu
übereinanderlegtet
0
3540989
9935894
2026-10-01T07:30:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktət/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegtet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935894
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːktət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegtet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}
8dere1lr121g9x2aw5o3x85vish59og
übereinanderlegest
0
3540990
9935895
2026-10-01T07:30:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935895
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderlegest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}
gpawbxn3t86oybcj8nboemxbyunomiv
übereinanderleget
0
3540991
9935896
2026-10-01T07:30:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡət/}} * {{audio|de|De-übereinanderleget.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935896
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/yːbɐʔaɪ̯ˈnandɐˌleːɡət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-übereinanderleget.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|übereinanderlegen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}
qdwqdl93ms7r86c7ndy5vqf7dom0olv
potenzieller
0
3540992
9935898
2026-10-01T07:32:09Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-potenzieller.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}」的新頁面
9935898
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenzieller.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}
jonha8c1p7q9h8u9c99zfcdhi0a550a
potenziellen
0
3540993
9935899
2026-10-01T07:32:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-potenziellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}」的新頁面
9935899
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenziellen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}
5edjm9qr8szl6hkpgb0k5hqaj1nsrtg
potenzielle
0
3540994
9935900
2026-10-01T07:32:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlə/}} * {{audio|de|De-potenzielle.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}」的新頁面
9935900
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenzielle.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}
198262gbt8in34bnhzleek6mi9dvpow
potenzielles
0
3540995
9935901
2026-10-01T07:32:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}} * {{audio|de|De-potenzielles.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}」的新頁面
9935901
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenzielles.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}
iz36rwgtytudca5dlebwywjvb85o3uw
potenziellem
0
3540996
9935902
2026-10-01T07:32:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}} * {{audio|de|De-potenziellem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}」的新頁面
9935902
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/potɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-potenziellem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|potenziell}}
4ewz0sbujxpo0fl4vcr5z3wpq6nyma4
auslöschend
0
3540997
9935911
2026-10-01T07:45:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|auslöschen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935911
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|auslöschen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
mus5u80qv1a8ypcuth7i4eh1qudm23t
auslöschender
0
3540998
9935912
2026-10-01T07:45:46Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}」的新頁面
9935912
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}
ljbi7a4nvqbp0nwz8pekgqecix4yyfl
auslöschende
0
3540999
9935913
2026-10-01T07:45:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}」的新頁面
9935913
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩də/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}
1xcxhah4p767uakbscylzd34wy0qedi
auslöschendem
0
3541000
9935914
2026-10-01T07:45:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}」的新頁面
9935914
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}
bl3i13vwyfa2v3ucf5tbhvjw2mmdk2r
auslöschenden
0
3541001
9935915
2026-10-01T07:45:53Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}」的新頁面
9935915
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}
r02p52haowtrex1ofrllei83i7io2j3
auslöschendes
0
3541002
9935916
2026-10-01T07:45:54Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}」的新頁面
9935916
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃn̩dəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|auslöschend}}
mlosou593x3tf8n150whsk3g1tzmtmq
ausgelöschter
0
3541003
9935918
2026-10-01T07:46:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}」的新頁面
9935918
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschter.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}
1e4bjce4p6q61yuie409slcdkxen9u6
ausgelöschten
0
3541004
9935919
2026-10-01T07:46:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}」的新頁面
9935919
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}
axbdrn5kd3zvqfpx0f2piwflns6memt
ausgelöschte
0
3541005
9935920
2026-10-01T07:46:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}」的新頁面
9935920
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}
itxw0wuz9qo7ywedokumatyh52qfgzg
ausgelöschtem
0
3541006
9935921
2026-10-01T07:46:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschtem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}」的新頁面
9935921
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschtem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}
qf7t7hd0h6qsbogp76x22zjtn8jnziw
ausgelöschtes
0
3541007
9935922
2026-10-01T07:46:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschtes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}」的新頁面
9935922
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sɡəˌlœʃtəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ausgelöschtes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===形容詞===
{{head|de|形容詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|ausgelöscht}}
kh5fj8421kqiap072l5di5osx13nr4p
lösche aus
0
3541008
9935924
2026-10-01T07:47:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃə ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-lösche aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I//II|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935924
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃə ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lösche aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I//II|;|s|imp}}
il9xj8pxox9m9s671a10cgn9eb2ekwd
löschst aus
0
3541009
9935925
2026-10-01T07:47:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃst ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschst aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|pres|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935925
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃst ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschst aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|pres|;|2|s|sub|II}}
0m3i8d9be4p295cm3wast2to37rghma
auszulöschen
0
3541010
9935926
2026-10-01T07:47:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯st͡suˌlœʃn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-auszulöschen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|auslöschen}}」的新頁面
9935926
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯st͡suˌlœʃn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auszulöschen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|auslöschen}}
bs84xey23mfww7m7liucix28qycn3mo
löscht aus
0
3541011
9935927
2026-10-01T07:47:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃt ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löscht aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|auslöschen||2//3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935927
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃt ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löscht aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|auslöschen||2//3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
fzsvmh5juvzss3ynujrfp2mvyuoxnq6
löschen aus
0
3541012
9935928
2026-10-01T07:47:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃn̩ ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschen aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935928
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃn̩ ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschen aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I//II}}
71w5klxtl1no37qotlcb6srvdro0yuw
löschte aus
0
3541013
9935929
2026-10-01T07:47:26Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtə ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschte aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|auslöschen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935929
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtə ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschte aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|auslöschen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
9gla7f3zhqw78an9vswqi1991qbu7w7
löschtest aus
0
3541014
9935930
2026-10-01T07:47:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtəst ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschtest aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935930
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtəst ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschtest aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
hmt8t8x0p440tpsb8vxcuk6gvrzulwp
löschten aus
0
3541015
9935931
2026-10-01T07:47:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtn̩ ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschten aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935931
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtn̩ ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschten aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
pd099l1ubxiqfllymxhzscyl7xgavnw
lösch aus
0
3541016
9935932
2026-10-01T07:47:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃ ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-lösch aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935932
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃ ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-lösch aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||s|imp}}
eld246sgb1lzh22ftaa1c1vdf57tagy
löschtet aus
0
3541017
9935933
2026-10-01T07:47:27Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtət ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschtet aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935933
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃtət ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschtet aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
nhgwq8hcewflj6zuo7pfmwvepw9r5ay
löschet aus
0
3541018
9935934
2026-10-01T07:47:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃət ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschet aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935934
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃət ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschet aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|sub|I//II}}
ll0y8jwweh5yqb57wqzcneg4ccmuzps
löschest aus
0
3541019
9935935
2026-10-01T07:47:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃəst ˈaʊ̯s/}} * {{audio|de|De-löschest aus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935935
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌlœʃəst ˈaʊ̯s/}}
* {{audio|de|De-löschest aus.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|sub|I//II}}
kkt7mcuonxgofcsj6iqr8scwtbpwlgw
auslöschst
0
3541020
9935937
2026-10-01T07:48:08Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃst/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|pres|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935937
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|pres|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}
ok0zikcvnxuwzbeplxz3ruszpdnfqc5
auslöscht
0
3541021
9935938
2026-10-01T07:48:08Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöscht.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s//p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935938
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöscht.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s//p|dep|pres|;|3|s|dep|pres|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}
7713qwohr59b67e25a5lmg9wjm1aaqv
auslösche
0
3541022
9935939
2026-10-01T07:48:07Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃə/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslösche.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935939
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslösche.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I//II}}
kuqkmpqucbf7n72zoqqhyq73zo9dbo9
auslöschte
0
3541023
9935940
2026-10-01T07:48:36Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935940
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|s|dep|pret|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
makr0uer0wvyp36xypdvr9w7v6gxl5x
auslöschtest
0
3541024
9935941
2026-10-01T07:48:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschtest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935941
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschtest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|pret|;|2|s|dep|sub|II}}
jwodnm4w0c1cznpnsp8p39xeirigef9
auslöschtet
0
3541025
9935942
2026-10-01T07:48:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtət/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschtet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935942
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschtet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|dep|pret|;|2|p|dep|sub|II}}
s4ghata1u2wqp9pjcteo5evfkfmhxfj
auslöschten
0
3541026
9935943
2026-10-01T07:48:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935943
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃtn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
3pdyfgzo74wsh53xhlr3a169o2d4d20
auslöschest
0
3541027
9935944
2026-10-01T07:48:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935944
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|s|dep|sub|I//II}}
7q530vg1wcpmfu07igcp2234pqb5vkk
auslöschet
0
3541028
9935945
2026-10-01T07:48:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃət/}} * {{audio|de|De-auslöschet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|dep|sub|I//II}}」的新頁面
9935945
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˈaʊ̯sˌlœʃət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-auslöschet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|auslöschen||2|p|dep|sub|I//II}}
8wvc1pm855b69ftxndgq6gagofx21s6
telephonieren
0
3541029
9935947
2026-10-01T07:50:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{de-verb}} # {{dated form of|de|telefonieren}} ====變位==== {{de-conj}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|Telephonieren}}、{{l|de|Telephonierer}}、{{l|de|Telephoniererei}} * {{l|de|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935947
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{de-verb}}
# {{dated form of|de|telefonieren}}
====變位====
{{de-conj}}
====派生詞彙====
* {{l|de|Telephonieren}}、{{l|de|Telephonierer}}、{{l|de|Telephoniererei}}
* {{l|de|telephonierend}}
erjrypi4q5rh9bn47h1vdv24jr6agpp
telefonierend
0
3541030
9935948
2026-10-01T07:52:09Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁənt/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|telefonieren}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935948
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁənt/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|telefonieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
6zaojhqd9k7ts3j2shg1k57jlvrnq16
telefoniert
0
3541031
9935949
2026-10-01T07:52:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯t/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefoniert.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-telephoniert.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|telefonieren}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9935949
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefoniert.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-telephoniert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|telefonieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
cp4z0o9up5qomc5wd8kxam6gv6soeez
telefonierender
0
3541032
9935950
2026-10-01T07:52:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}」的新頁面
9935950
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}
n3kxzex13hb04dm2hyxdi0tl5a1in1c
telefonierenden
0
3541033
9935951
2026-10-01T07:52:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}」的新頁面
9935951
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}
nwvhkplw2nwlwi4mmytfxsrw0v9sd30
telefonierendem
0
3541034
9935952
2026-10-01T07:52:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}」的新頁面
9935952
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}
a7rk0u3sry3orlkcmofcof3fbmwjby3
telefonierende
0
3541035
9935953
2026-10-01T07:52:29Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndə/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}」的新頁面
9935953
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}
4bd6gute3tkhg9dpnxqcb4nyfz9vcv4
telefonierendes
0
3541036
9935954
2026-10-01T07:52:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}」的新頁面
9935954
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəndəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telefonierend}}
at9l1q31gi93onur59z0dhy3wjn5853
telefoniere
0
3541037
9935955
2026-10-01T07:53:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefoniere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935955
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefoniere.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1|s|pres|;|s|imp|;|1//3|s|sub|I}}
qm222fqfu3cgn4oeoztyrrke91jyryw
telefonierst
0
3541038
9935956
2026-10-01T07:53:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯st/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935956
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯st/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|pres}}
pa8lm5e17w8w6uzcd1vu6fv6vjlv8xd
telefonierte
0
3541039
9935957
2026-10-01T07:53:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierte.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-telephonierte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935957
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
* {{audio|de|De-telephonierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
e1v7gyv5r32lx07296834wtamn1o3oo
telefoniertest
0
3541040
9935958
2026-10-01T07:53:21Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯təst/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefoniertest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935958
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯təst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefoniertest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
o5n9jfylq7f5hx831ei3ojdwxrjib8c
telefonier
0
3541041
9935960
2026-10-01T07:54:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonier.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telefonieren||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935960
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonier.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telefonieren||s|imp}}
lzil50f8dxym994wp13lr0vywmxeilc
telefoniertet
0
3541042
9935961
2026-10-01T07:54:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tət/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefoniertet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935961
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefoniertet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
9tb2bs9uzxvfxo0gns49h0u7u09dfzf
telefonierest
0
3541043
9935962
2026-10-01T07:54:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935962
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|s|sub|I}}
4kany91rh19tc1pl7tdf057una6iysc
telefonierten
0
3541044
9935963
2026-10-01T07:54:10Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonierten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935963
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonierten.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
o6cq5b0j02v0x4c2m8g502pjfawyeof
telefonieret
0
3541045
9935964
2026-10-01T07:54:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁət/}} * {{audio|de|De-telefonieret.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935964
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telefonieret.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|telefonieren||2|p|sub|I}}
id9gg1y5jrhwdc16fsr95isoui7c6yc
Telefonierens
0
3541046
9935967
2026-10-01T07:54:46Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəns/}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Telefonieren||gen|s}}」的新頁面
9935967
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːʁəns/}}
===名詞===
{{head|de|名詞變格形}}
# {{infl of|de|Telefonieren||gen|s}}
2tdcwlqj802xgdc85kgkebf3r2q5j1a
telephonierend
0
3541047
9935969
2026-10-01T07:55:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||pres|part}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935969
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||pres|part}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
1byx79i6hb7cl16g6dhthqnze65xxa4
telephoniert
0
3541048
9935970
2026-10-01T07:55:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯t/}} * {{audio|de|De-telephoniert.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|de|telephonieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|telephonieren}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935970
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telephoniert.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|de|telephonieren||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|telephonieren}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
lo41ptqg17y3lztdwdi0aa0diqj92bd
telephonierender
0
3541049
9935971
2026-10-01T07:56:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935971
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}
6f94r5qq1z9givmlpa7js3qsytibz00
telephonierenden
0
3541050
9935972
2026-10-01T07:56:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935972
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}
6f94r5qq1z9givmlpa7js3qsytibz00
telephonierendem
0
3541051
9935973
2026-10-01T07:56:55Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935973
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}
6f94r5qq1z9givmlpa7js3qsytibz00
telephonierende
0
3541052
9935974
2026-10-01T07:56:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935974
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}
6f94r5qq1z9givmlpa7js3qsytibz00
telephonierendes
0
3541053
9935975
2026-10-01T07:56:56Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}」的新頁面
9935975
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|telephonierend}}
6f94r5qq1z9givmlpa7js3qsytibz00
telephoniere
0
3541054
9935977
2026-10-01T08:01:11Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935977
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
dcg1se1as2bbj8etpaar6hoj1j0v4xe
telephonierst
0
3541055
9935978
2026-10-01T08:01:12Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9935978
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|pres}}
naui41zgzjj0gugxmebvrdcac9atnxl
telephoniertest
0
3541056
9935979
2026-10-01T08:01:14Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935979
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub|II}}
idnc3e4wnbnvsg658aysqcxeer5zyge
telephonierte
0
3541057
9935980
2026-10-01T08:01:16Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tə/}} * {{audio|de|De-telephonierte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|de|telephonieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935980
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/teləfoˈniːɐ̯tə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-telephonierte.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{inflection of|de|telephonieren||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub|II}}
sj95zzjcz4xd63jn18e5friby8oqpeh
telephonier
0
3541058
9935981
2026-10-01T08:01:17Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9935981
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||s|imp}}
thnzsea2admu67m9i37eqgijhc4ygk5
telephonierten
0
3541059
9935982
2026-10-01T08:01:28Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935982
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
nwcq9sxythizpttpfqegm8sbdvx7ve0
telephoniertet
0
3541060
9935983
2026-10-01T08:01:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9935983
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub|II}}
629kd4wh6x6yapo1ylv6lbi4l3ba9ri
telephonierest
0
3541061
9935984
2026-10-01T08:01:31Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935984
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|s|sub|I}}
pljaonhv7m2kemprukzap5n7rzyuyv1
telephonieret
0
3541062
9935985
2026-10-01T08:01:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9935985
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|telephonieren||2|p|sub|I}}
amlecthcikfy6f5hu713tybobd3i4od
zurückrufen
0
3541063
9935986
2026-10-01T08:02:15Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|zurück-|rufen}} {{prefix|de|zurück|rufen}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{de-verb|zurück.rufen<rief,gerufen>}} # [[喊]][[回來]],[[叫]]回來 # {{lb|de|telephone}} [[回撥]] ====變位==== {{de-conj|zurück.rufen<rief,gerufen>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|de |anrufen |aufrufen |ausrufen |berufen |durchrufen |here…」的新頁面
9935986
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===詞源===
{{ety|de|:af|zurück-|rufen}}
{{prefix|de|zurück|rufen}}
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{de-verb|zurück.rufen<rief,gerufen>}}
# [[喊]][[回來]],[[叫]]回來
# {{lb|de|telephone}} [[回撥]]
====變位====
{{de-conj|zurück.rufen<rief,gerufen>}}
====相關詞彙====
{{col|de
|anrufen
|aufrufen
|ausrufen
|berufen
|durchrufen
|hereinrufen
|herausrufen
|verrufen
|nachrufen
|widerrufen
}}
===延伸閱讀===
* {{R:de:DWDS}}
* {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:de:Duden}}
* {{R:de:OpenThesaurus}}
qgv9alfgptb48miqzi6fkcgufwmq42v
zurückzurufen
0
3541064
9935987
2026-10-01T08:02:30Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkt͡suˌʁuːfn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückzurufen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{de-zu-infinitive of|zurückrufen}}」的新頁面
9935987
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkt͡suˌʁuːfn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückzurufen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{de-zu-infinitive of|zurückrufen}}
ruqhnq0ry3j23hzn09z02m39f0boiqt
zurückrufend
0
3541065
9935988
2026-10-01T08:02:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|zurückrufen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935988
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩t/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufend.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|現在分詞}}
# {{present participle of|de|zurückrufen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
pjlxxob2u3frn9eorknll93by5iq2t1
zurückgerufen
0
3541066
9935989
2026-10-01T08:02:42Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|zurückrufen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面
9935989
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|過去分詞}}
# {{past participle of|de|zurückrufen}}
====變格====
{{de-adecl}}
tlmu16k0dcuzb1252inpe81uofdo84k
zurückrufender
0
3541067
9935990
2026-10-01T08:02:59Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}」的新頁面
9935990
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufender.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}
hgd2ied5xvv0o1rs7uda1zi9upmd1cz
zurückrufenden
0
3541068
9935991
2026-10-01T08:02:59Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}」的新頁面
9935991
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufenden.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}
bp56h4zh5t74j6yhn9y59d0kh1ne6ge
zurückrufende
0
3541069
9935992
2026-10-01T08:03:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}」的新頁面
9935992
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩də/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufende.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}
lxnz7qob55kquhaza6wkuc8my6mn05d
zurückrufendem
0
3541070
9935993
2026-10-01T08:03:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}」的新頁面
9935993
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufendem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}
b3ocuktkfefycwh9rm1towlx3sxx3l7
zurückrufendes
0
3541071
9935994
2026-10-01T08:03:00Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}」的新頁面
9935994
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfn̩dəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufendes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückrufend}}
o0v00fm32uexrykaf41mg0varaxybmq
zurückgerufener
0
3541072
9935995
2026-10-01T08:03:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufener.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}」的新頁面
9935995
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənɐ/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufener.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}
t4uvzgajsf829dpdhy4axm5adbcp92u
zurückgerufene
0
3541073
9935996
2026-10-01T08:03:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənə/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufene.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}」的新頁面
9935996
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufene.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}
6e5hhdmioybr07xg4m9vqpefynqsvln
zurückgerufenem
0
3541074
9935997
2026-10-01T08:03:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}」的新頁面
9935997
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənəm/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenem.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}
kxm639q2s0uabof7uicmvupysm6ulxw
zurückgerufenen
0
3541075
9935998
2026-10-01T08:03:37Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənən/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}」的新頁面
9935998
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənən/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}
4ppmwk3p40pyeg70b4e1tdti7knz6ms
zurückgerufenes
0
3541076
9935999
2026-10-01T08:03:38Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}」的新頁面
9935999
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkɡəˌʁuːfənəs/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückgerufenes.ogg|a=柏林}}
===分詞===
{{head|de|分詞變格形}}
# {{de-adj form of|zurückgerufen}}
38jo4jl8oyiindgpvuq0t93qk9cgstv
rufe zurück
0
3541077
9936000
2026-10-01T08:04:50Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfə t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rufe zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}」的新頁面
9936000
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfə t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rufe zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub|I|;|s|imp}}
m7n4ejsl9mc6imo9dz443tzmy4uchzg
rufst zurück
0
3541078
9936001
2026-10-01T08:04:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfst t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rufst zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|pres}}」的新頁面
9936001
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfst t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rufst zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|pres}}
fbz408k0zg1n9jk670zruw625djookx
ruft zurück
0
3541079
9936002
2026-10-01T08:04:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːft t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-ruft zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面
9936002
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːft t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ruft zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}
jv7sexy5k6zsrm72m54rvl53pcmajij
riefst zurück
0
3541080
9936003
2026-10-01T08:04:51Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfst t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-riefst zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|pret}}」的新頁面
9936003
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfst t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-riefst zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|pret}}
tbisdmahv4nfs05jroa7fl9685fgutb
rief zurück
0
3541081
9936004
2026-10-01T08:04:52Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːf t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rief zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|pret}}」的新頁面
9936004
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːf t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rief zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|pret}}
3ihf3gxsdukbdip48t90ejhk8b9w4ib
ruf zurück
0
3541082
9936005
2026-10-01T08:05:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːf t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-ruf zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|zurückrufen||s|imp}}」的新頁面
9936005
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːf t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-ruf zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{infl of|de|zurückrufen||s|imp}}
2502mqkque7vb3reu9d1379yujel4p8
riefen zurück
0
3541083
9936006
2026-10-01T08:05:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfn̩ t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-riefen zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936006
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfn̩ t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-riefen zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub|II}}
sjptjraroxm5caulhfdk7ao1u5z1vfl
rufen zurück
0
3541084
9936007
2026-10-01T08:05:19Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfn̩ t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rufen zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9936007
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfn̩ t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rufen zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|pres|;|1//3|p|sub|I}}
3yfrd8rqaoxsrwa6im9wwrj8l9zcri1
rieft zurück
0
3541085
9936008
2026-10-01T08:05:20Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːft t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rieft zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|pret}}」的新頁面
9936008
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːft t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rieft zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|pret}}
3oncv5yaspm7o08ejttdhhfvbs75vze
rufest zurück
0
3541086
9936009
2026-10-01T08:05:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfəst t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rufest zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9936009
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfəst t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rufest zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|sub|I}}
hx7jnt8t6sdneikipljdg69nj9fn8vq
rufet zurück
0
3541087
9936010
2026-10-01T08:05:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfət t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-rufet zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9936010
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁuːfət t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-rufet zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|sub|I}}
b8pnsptkcgcd1lo01rq5vt66tks2mjm
riefe zurück
0
3541088
9936011
2026-10-01T08:05:40Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfə t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-riefe zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936011
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfə t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-riefe zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|sub|II}}
bw9tf2fywyhea7adova5ig02mu3qm40
riefest zurück
0
3541089
9936012
2026-10-01T08:05:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfəst t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-riefest zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936012
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfəst t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-riefest zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|sub|II}}
g8nw1fpm0ut10wt3y730ue7a9ixir50
riefet zurück
0
3541090
9936013
2026-10-01T08:05:41Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfət t͡suˈʁʏk/}} * {{audio|de|De-riefet zurück.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936013
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/ˌʁiːfət t͡suˈʁʏk/}}
* {{audio|de|De-riefet zurück.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|sub|II}}
3uljfpla2bixgvhc9fmy52rt5cwq0kl
zurückrufe
0
3541091
9936014
2026-10-01T08:06:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfə/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufe.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9936014
wikitext
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufe.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1|s|dep|pres|;|1//3|s|dep|sub|I}}
asukau13z3bh98t8c3hb40fuc1429nh
zurückruft
0
3541092
9936015
2026-10-01T08:06:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːft/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückruft.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||3|s|dep|pres|;|2|p|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9936015
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːft/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückruft.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||3|s|dep|pres|;|2|p|dep|pres}}
7obac6xkamm19y3edn1duoww88drpn4
zurückrufst
0
3541093
9936016
2026-10-01T08:06:33Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfst/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|pres}}」的新頁面
9936016
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|pres}}
fwhktnmqmn3ebydoqh6bp360rs6kwco
zurückrief
0
3541094
9936017
2026-10-01T08:06:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːf/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrief.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9936017
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːf/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrief.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|dep|pret}}
c0rk9z8gm53kijexb092rv1ifm6yvda
zurückriefst
0
3541095
9936018
2026-10-01T08:06:34Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfst/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückriefst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9936018
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückriefst.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|pret}}
lty8bbjyc6knxe8b3x6lhzdn9bp1x45
zurückrufest
0
3541096
9936019
2026-10-01T08:07:02Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|sub|I}}
mewji7tb778kyo8qjdyjfmbi71s4d87
zurückriefen
0
3541097
9936020
2026-10-01T08:07:01Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückriefen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936020
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfn̩/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückriefen.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|p|dep|pret|;|1//3|p|dep|sub|II}}
smrwrd5gpuqkm9izst4go1bzcbfxg24
zurückrieft
0
3541098
9936021
2026-10-01T08:07:01Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːft/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrieft.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|pret}}」的新頁面
9936021
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːft/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrieft.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|pret}}
la88m7s97u1449selev008xllkeh9o8
zurückrufet
0
3541099
9936022
2026-10-01T08:07:03Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfət/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückrufet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}」的新頁面
9936022
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁuːfət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückrufet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|sub|I}}
l5vsshx8yxwup29qbt1m2kjwd7988xj
zurückriefe
0
3541100
9936023
2026-10-01T08:07:22Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfə/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückriefe.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936023
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfə/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückriefe.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||1//3|s|dep|sub|II}}
h4wrnbrvboqlofc2jwfy9627rzzj3f7
zurückriefest
0
3541102
9936024
2026-10-01T08:07:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückriefest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936024
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfəst/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückriefest.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|s|dep|sub|II}}
3cxxlcws8vh72h7xevjqxr1nqaokctz
zurückriefet
0
3541103
9936025
2026-10-01T08:07:23Z
Sayonzei
40728
[[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfət/}} * {{audio|de|De-zurückriefet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|sub|II}}」的新頁面
9936025
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==德語==
===發音===
* {{IPA|de|/t͡suˈʁʏkˌʁiːfət/}}
* {{audio|de|De-zurückriefet.ogg|a=柏林}}
===動詞===
{{head|de|動詞變位形式}}
# {{verb form of|de|zurückrufen||2|p|dep|sub|II}}
rcxv7g2outy846xq78x56xjj1jnlw33
meinnes
0
3541104
9936027
2026-10-01T10:05:10Z
Pristome
131990
翻译自[[en:meinnes]]
9936027
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==古高地德语==
===副词===
{{goh-adv}}
# [[错误]]地
t5vjjdh6ouwcnqerxjk05bob865k1wo
해야하다
0
3541105
9936028
2026-10-01T10:17:14Z
Pristome
131990
翻译自[[en:해야하다]]
9936028
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==朝鲜语==
===词源===
源自动词[[하다]]的非正式条件形式。
===发音===
{{ko-IPA}}
===动词===
{{ko-verb}}
# [[必须]];[[应该]]
====变体====
{{ko-conj/verb}}
====派生词汇====
{{col3|ko|해야함}}
k4fvivs7w7s9dg2ysl4daojj3y8ce99
9936031
9936028
2026-10-01T11:01:15Z
Pristome
131990
/* 变体 */
9936031
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==朝鲜语==
===词源===
源自动词[[하다]]的非正式条件形式。
===发音===
{{ko-IPA}}
===动词===
{{ko-verb}}
# [[必须]];[[应该]]
====变位====
{{ko-conj/verb}}
====派生词汇====
{{col3|ko|해야함}}
bmq9clt7ytbsimk14dmfggnhl3yeuts
unplausible
0
3541106
9936029
2026-10-01T10:54:59Z
Pristome
131990
翻译自[[en:unplausible]]
9936029
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==英语==
===词源===
{{ety|en|:af|un-<id:negative>|plausible|text=+|tree=1}}
===形容词===
{{en-adj}}
# 不合[[情理]]的;[[不太可能]]的。
====派生词汇====
{{col|en|unplausibly}}
===延伸阅读===
* {{R:OneLook}}
nmbl766wmpd5dgs0ls5oajr0vm3advw
unplausibly
0
3541107
9936030
2026-10-01T11:00:00Z
Pristome
131990
翻译自[[en:unplausibly]]
9936030
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==英语==
===词源===
源自{{suffix|en|unplausible|ly}}。
===副词===
{{en-adv}}
# 不合[[情理]]地;[[不太可能]]地。
====近义词====
* {{l|en|implausibly}}
fi72lyy6bza5nsm2289rxahyw2y4t76
implausibly
0
3541108
9936032
2026-10-01T11:08:13Z
Pristome
131990
翻译自[[en:implausibly]]
9936032
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==英语==
===词源===
{{ety|en|:af|implausible|-ly<id:adverbial>|text=+|tree=1}}
===副词===
{{en-adv}}
# 不合[[情理]]地;[[不太可能]]地;有[[问题]]地。
===参考资料===
* {{R:Century}}
6yabpubz5j54tcrjn1dn90c33yb4eqa