IJalimani

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        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
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= IJalimani
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={{native name|de|Bundesrepublik Deutschland|icon=no}}
|ifulegi
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|inkondlo_wesizwe
=&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:National anthem of Germany - U.S. Army 1st Armored Division Band.ogg]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ingxenye isithathu kwa-{{lang|de|''[[Deutschlandlied|Das Lied der Deutschen]]''}}{{Spaces|2}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Iculo yaseJalimani''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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|umongameli_isithakazo1
=Umongameli
|umongameli_igama1
= Frank Walter Steinmeier
|umongameli_isithakazo2
=''Chancellor''
|umongameli_igama2
= Olaf Scholz
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|ubukhulu_km2
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|ubukhulu_ukuma
=63
|iphesenti_amanzi
=2.416
|izilimi
=[[isiJalimani]] ''Deutsch''
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa
=81,799,600&lt;ref name=population&gt;{{Cite book
  | title = Key Figures on Europe
  | publisher = European Union
  | year = 2011
  | location = Belgium
  | page = 37
  | url = http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-EI-11-001/EN/KS-EI-11-001-EN.PDF
  | doi = 10.2785/623
  | isbn = 978-92-79-18441-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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'''iJalimani''' (ng[[IsiJalimani|esiJalimane]]: ''Deutschland''; [[isiNgisi]]: ''Germany'') iyizwe elikhulu [[IYurophu|laseYurophu]]. Ngokomthetho Umbusobala Wombumbanozifundazwe waseJalimani (''Bundesrepublik Deutschland''), iJalimani inemigcele namazwe ayisishiyagalolunye: [[iDenimaki]], [[iPolandi]], iTshekiya, [[i-Ostriya]], [[iSwitzerland]], [[iFulansi]], [[iBelgium]], iLuxembourg kanye ne[[Netherlands|Nedalendzi]]. IJalimani iyizwe elisezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthuka kwabantu nalobucwepheshe. 

Umlando waseJalimani mude kakhulu. Abantu bakudala baqale ukuhlala eJalimani iminyaka eyi-600,000 ezendlule. Inhlobo yama-hominid, ama-Neaderthal, ihlale lana iminyaka eyi-42,000 ezendlule. Abokhokho bamaJalimani baqhamuka esiKhathini seThusi kusukela iminyaka eyi-2000 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaJesu. Iningizimu laseJalimani laliwele ngaphansi kw[[amaRoma]] nge-100 yeminyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaJesu. Ngama-800 ngemuva kokuzalwa kukaJesu, u-Charlemagne wasungula uMbuso wamaKarolingi olwaphenduka Umbuso Ongcwele Wamaroma. Ngekhulu le-1700, uNapoleon wadiliza lombuso. Emuva kweqhudelwano wo[[uMbuso waseProyiseni|Mbuso waseProyiseni]] (isiJalimane: ''Preußen'') kanye noMbuso was[[I-Ostriya|e-Ostriya]] (isiJalimane: ''Österreich''), iPrussia yasungula Umbuso waseJalimani wesibili ngekhulu le-1800. Lombuso uphenduke uMbusobala/ iRiphabhuliki waseJalimani ngasemuva kweMpi Yomhlaba yokuqala. Umbuso  waseJalimani wesithathu usungulwe ngamaNazi ngo-1930 kufikela ku-1945. Umbuso wanamuhla usungulwe emuva kokuphela kweMpi Yomhlaba yesibili. 

Ulimi olusemthethweni luy[[IsiJalimani|isiJalimani esiPhezulu]] (isiJalimane: ''Hochdeutsch'') noma ngokulula IsiJalimani. [[Inhlokodolobha|iNhlokodolobha]] yi-Berlin. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu yilawa: iHamburg, iMünchen, iCologne ne-Frankfurt-am-Main. Indawo enenani labantu eliminyene elindlula ezinye izindawo yi-Rhine-Ruhr. Umbuso uhamba ngohlelo lwentandoyeningi. Inezidawo eziyifa kumhlabawonke ezesithathu emhlabeni. iJalimani iyilunga [[UBumbano waseYurophu|yoBumbano waseYurophu]].

== Umlando ==

=== Umbuso Ongcwele wamaRoma ===
[[File:Francia 814.svg|left|thumb|Umbuso Jikelele WobuRoma WamaFranki (ngokujwayelekile, Umbuso wamaKarolingi) ngo-1814]]
UCharlemagne wasungula umbuso wamaKarolingi (ngesiLatini: ''Universum Regnum, Romanorum sive Francorum Imperium,'' ngesiZulu: Ubukhosi Jikelele bobuRoma woMbuso wamaFranki) ngo-800. Lombuso wawuyimbumbano yamazwe wamaJalimani lapho kubusa amakhosana khona. Nakuba amakhosana wayemuthobela Umbusi, amakhosana wayegcine amandla amaningi okuzibusa. Ngesinye isikhathi Umbusi wayenganawo amandla okuphatha. Umbuso waseMpumalanga Frankiya usungulwe makuhlukaniswa umbuso wamaKarolingi ngo-843. Kusukela u-919 kufika u-1024, kwakubusa umuzi ka-Liudolfinger (ovame ukubizwa umuzi ka-Otto ngenxa yokuthi ababusi bokuqala abathathu bebangu-Otto I, II nowesi-III) iMpumlanga Francia iqalwe ukubizwa Umbuso oNgcwele wamaRoma (''Heiliges Römisches Reich'') ngekhulu leminyaka eyi-13. Ngo-996, u-Gregory V wayengumbusi wokuqala owangumJalimani phaqa. Umbuso unqobe iNyakatho iTaliya ne-Burgundy (iBhegandi) ngaphansi kwomuzi wama-Salier.

Ngaphansi kwababusi bomuzi ka-Hohenstaufen (1138 kufika 1254), amaJalimani akhuthazwe izikhosana zaseJalimani ukuhloma imizi empumalanga nasenyakatho kombuso. Kwabakhona indlala ngo-1315 kufikela 1317 eyazizwa ngeNdlala eNkulu (''Hungersnot''). Kusukela 1348 kufile 1350 kwabakhona ubhubhano omkhulu owaziwa ngoBufa Obumnyama (''Schwarzer Tod'') obulele abantu abaningi. Ngo-1356, kushicilelwe incwadi yemithetho ebizwa ''i-Goldenen Bull'' ethi Umbusi kufanele akhethwe amakhosana ayisikhombisa (''Kurfürsten''). 

uMuzi wamaHabsburg ungene esikhundleni sasebukhosini boMbuso Ongcwele Wamaroma ngo-1438. Lomuzi wawubusa inxenye lalombuso ebizwa i-Österreich. Inxenye ye-Österreich yayingaphakathi koMbuso Ongcwele Wamaroma kepha enye inxenye yayingaphandle eyayibizwa &quot;Imihlaba Yomqhele koNgcwele uStephen&quot; noma ngokujwayelekile i-Hungary (ngesiJalimani: ''Ungarn''). uJohannes Gutenberg ungenise ukuphrinta ngonhlobo obunyakazayo eYurophu ngezi-1440. Ngalelinguxa washicilela ibhayibheli lokuqala eYurophu elingabhalwanga ngezandla. Ngo-1517, u-Martin Luther ulobe incwadi yeziphakamiso eziyi-99 ezazigxeka umonakalo owawenzeka eBandleni lamaRoma kakhulu ngenxa yokudayiswa kokuxolelwa kwezono kubakholwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziphathamandla zebandla zamxosha. Amakhosana aseJalimani wameseka u-Martin Luther kulokhu. Kanjalo, kwasuka izimpi eMpakathi Yurophu. Nakuba kwakuvunyelwana ukuthi kuzoba nokuphilisana ngaphakathi kwalezibandla, kusukela 1618 kufikela 1648, kwaba nempi yeminyaka eyi-33 ngaphakathi kwamashokobezi (''Protestant'') kanye nebandla lamaRoma. 

Ngenxa yemivumelwano emibili ngaphakathi kwezihlangothi ezazilwa kulezizimpi (''Westfälischer Friede''), kwaphela impi lapho kubulewe abantu abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili. Amazwe ase-Osterreich nase [[uMbuso waseProyiseni|Proyiseni]] wayemakhulu ngaphakathi koMbuso Ongcwele Wamaroma.

=== Umbuso wamaJalimani ===
[[File:Holy Roman Empire 11th century map-sl.svg|thumb|199x199px|Umbuso Ongcwele wamaRoma emikhulwini weminyaka ayi-11]]
Umbusi wamaFulentshi, uNapoleon I, uhlasele Umbuso Ongcwele Wamaroma ngo-1813. Ngenxa yezimpi ezihlongozile, uNapoleon uchithe Umbuso Ongcwele wamaRoma. Uhlephule izifundazwe zasentshonalanga nangaphakathi kweJalimani ukusungula Umfelandawonye weMfula Rhine. uNapoleon uhluliwe umdlelandawonye ezizwe zaseYurophu. Umfelandawonye weMfula Rhine wachithwa. Esikhundleni sawo, Umkhandlu was[[IViyena|eVienna]] usungule Umfelandawonye wamaJalimani. Umbusi woMbuso oNgcwele wamaRoma, uCharles IV owayengowasemuzini wamaHabsburg waqokwa ebuMengamelini. Amazwe awayengaphansi koMfelandawonye woMfula Rhine abuyiselwe ukuzimela.

Kusukela u-1848 kufikela u-1849, izakhamuzi zaseJalimani zavukela imibuso yamazwe abo. Kwakuhloswe ukupheduka umbuso wamakhosana wencidezelo ngenkani nokuhlanganisa amaze wamaJalimani ukuba abe isizwe sinye. Ngokuba iNkosi yaseProyiseni uFriedrich Wilhelm walile ukwamukela umqhele wobukhosi bamaJalimani, inqubekelaphambili yokuhlanganiswa kwamaJalimani kwahlehliswa muva. iNkosi yaseProyiseni elandelayo uWilhelm I uqoke u-Otto von Bismarck abe Indunankulu yase-Proyiseni. Ngemuva kokuhlula amaDani empini yango-1864 ne-Österreich ngo-1866, u-Otto von Bismarck uhlanganise amazwe wasenyakatho yeJalimani ukubumba Umfelandawonye waseNyakatho Jalimani. Ngalokho, i-Österreich yavalelwa ngaphandle kweJalimani. Emuva kokuthi iProyiseni ihlule iFulansi empini ka-1871, amakhosana waseJalimani athobele uWilhelm I ukuthi abe nguMbusi woMbuso wamaJalimani. Ngalokhu, iBerlin yakhethwa ukuba inhlokodolobha yaseJalimani.
[[File:CongressVienna.jpg|thumb|Isithombe samanxusa ezizwe aseYurophu eMkhandlwini waseVienna emuva kwezimpi zikaNapoleon lapho kwakudingidwa ukuhletshulelwana komhlaba eYurophu nokubuyiselwa kwamakhosi amenulwe nguNapoleon]]
Nakuba u-Otto von Bismarck uhlose ukwakha ukuthula ngaphakathi kweJalimani nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu ukuze amandla ezwe abhekane nokubunjweni kwesizwe esibumbene, uMbusi wesibili, u-Wilhelm II, uhlongoze izimpi zokwandisa umhlaba obungaphansi kweJalimani. Emkhandlwini waseBerlin ngo-1884, iJalimani izikhethele amakoloni e-Afrika: eMpumalanga Afrika, eNingizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika, eThogo, naseKameruni. AmaJalimani adlele amazwe wase-Afrika umhlaba wabo. Futhi e-Ningizimu Ntshonalanga Afrika, kusukela u-1904 kufikela u-1908, amaJalimani abulele amaHerero namaNama abayizinkulungwane ezimashumi.

Ngenxa yokubulawa kweNkosana yaseÖsterreich-Ungarn uFranz Ferdinand, i-Österreich-Ungarn ihlasele iSerbska. Ngoba amaSerbi wayenobumbano neJalimani, iJalimani ihlasele i-Österreich-Ungarn. Lokho kuvuse Impi Yokuqala Yomhlabawonke. Ngo-1918, abaseYurophu bavumelene ukuqeda ukulwa emvulelwaneni yase-Versailles eFulansi. Lomvumelwano uphoqe iJalimani ukuthi ikhokhele izizwe zaseYurophu inhlawulo yokwakhakabusha nokuciphisa amabutho ayo ukugwema ukuvuka kweJalimani. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavuswa imbedumehlwana eholele ekumenulweni kukaWilhelm II. Esikhaleni sombuso wasebukhosini, kwasungulwa Umbusobala.

=== Umbusobala wase-Weimar noMbuso wama-Nazi ===
[[File:Adolf Hitler cropped restored.jpg|thumb|276x276px|u-Adolf Hitler, inhloko yombuso waseJalimani ([[IsiJalimani|ngesiJalimani]]: ''Führer'') nomholi wamaNazi]]
Umbusobala wase-Weimar (igama elijwayelekile nakuba lingasilona igama lasemthethweni eliqanjelwe idoloba lase-Weimar lapho umthethosisekelo uphawulwe nguMengameli Friedrich Ebert khona) usungulwe ngo-1919. Mpeleni, ngokomthetho Umbusobala wase-Weimar, wawunezinkinga eziningi ezifana nokwehla kwamandla emali ngokushesha nangobuningi okuholele ebumpofini eningini lenani labantu. Ukudangala Okukhulu (igama lesikhati lapho ngaphakathi ko-1929 no-1932 kwakunokuncipha kwomnotho emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika) uzale ubungabi nomsebenzi obungamaphesenti ayi-24. iNhlangano Yabasebenzi Yobusoshalizimu kaZwelonke (''Nationsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' ngesiJalimani, owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngesifinyezo ''Nazi Party'') yangena embusweni emuva kokhetho kaNhlangulana 1932. uMengameli uPaul von Hindenberg uqoke uAdolf Hitler ukuba iNdunankulu. AmaNazi anqonqise isakhiwo se-Reichstag (lapho isishayamthetho sikazwelonke sasihlezi khona) kepha balahle insolo yalelicala kumaKomunisti. Lenkohliso iholele ekutheni u-Adolf Hitler akhipe umyalelo okuhlehlisa amalungelo abantu nokwakha amakamu okuvalela abantu. Ngenxa yokushayiwa koMthetho Okumandlakalisa (''Ermächtigungsgesetz''), u-Hitler unikezwe amandla anganamkhawulo. 

Nakuba ngaphansi kwalombuso omusha kwakhiwe izingqalasizinda (njengemigwaqo ye-''Autobahn''), iJalimani iziphumele emvumelwaneni yase-Versailles eyayikhawula igunya lokudlondlobalisa amabutho ahlomileyo ayo. Phezu kwalokho, iJalimani ibulele izigidi eziyisithupha zamaJuda nezinye izinhlanga eYurophu. iJalimani yayihlose ukuqothula isizwe sonke sama Juda, ingubomgomo eyayibizwa &quot;Insombululo Yokugcina&quot;. iJalimani inqobe iSaarland ngo-1935, i-Österreich (ngalesosikhathi seyaziwa ngegama lika-Austria ngesiNgisi, igama elihunyushelwa ku-Ostriya ngesiZulu) ngo-1939, neSudentenland ngo-1938. Nakuba kwakuvunyelwe nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu ukuthi iJalimani izogwema ukuhlasela abomakhelwane bayo, ihlasele iCzechoslovakia (iTshekosilovakiya) ngo-1939.

Ngemvumelwano kaMolotov-Ribbentrop, iJalimani [[UBumbano wamaSoviyethi|noBumbano wamaSoviyethi]] bavumelene ukuhlephulelana ithonya ezizweni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngalokho iJalimani yahlasela [[IPolandi|iPholandi]]. Ngokuba [[iFulansi]] ne[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]] zazinomvumelwano okuvikelana nePholandi, zihlongoze impi neJalimani. ngo-1940, iJalimani ihlasele [[iDenimaki]], [[iNoki]], [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium|iBelgium]], iLuxembourg neFulansi. Ngo-1941, iJalimani ihlasele iYugoslavia, [[iGreki]], no[[UBumbano wamaSoviyethi|Bumbano wamaSoviyethi]]. Phezu kwalokho, ihlongoze impi ne[[IMelika|Melika]]. iJalimani yakhe umdlelandawonye ne[[ITaliya|Taliya]]. Ukubusa kwazo phezu kweYurophu neNyakatho Afrika, kukhawulwe ukuphumelela kwamaSoviyethi enkundleni yaseStalingrad. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-''Allies'' ahlasele iTaliya, [[iJapani]], neNyakatho Afrika, amaJalimani wayengeselwa muntu. Ama-Allies axoshe amaJalimani eFulansi. Futhi iJalimani ihlulekile ukunqoba Umbuso Ohlangeneyo enkundleni yaseBhulithani. 

kunqonqisweniaseJalimani ngenxa yokushayiwa ngamabhomu, amabutho aseJalimani ahlehlele muva ezama ukuvikela isizwe sabo. Ngenxa yenkundla yaseBerlin, u-Adolf Hitler uzibulele. Lokho kuholele ekudilikeni kwamaJalimani, azi nikela kuma-''Allies''. Ngenxa yokuhlasela izizwe eziningi zaseYurophu nokufeza ubugebengu ebuntwini, abaholi bamaJalimani bashushisiwe (iningi labo laboshiwa noma labulawa). iMelika, iFulansi, iBhulithani [[UBumbano wamaSoviyethi|noBumbano wamaSoviyethi]] zihlephulelane umhlaba waseJalimani.

=== Ukuhlukaniswa kweJalimani ===
[[File:West and East Germany locator.svg|thumb|229x229px|iNshonalanga Jalimani ngobuhlaza ngasesinxele neMpumalanga Jalimani ngasesokundla ngobuphuzi bolintshi]]
Ngo Mbasa ka-1949, ama-Allies (iMelika, iBhulithani neFulansi) avume ukuhlanganisa izindawo ezazingaphansi kombuso wabo ukuba isizwe esibizwa Umbusobala Wembumbanozifundazwe waseJalimani (''Bundesrepublik Deutschland,'' noma ngokujwayelekile iNtshonalanga Jalimani). Inxenye eyayingaphansi kwamaSoviyethi yayibizwa Umbusobala Wentandoyeningi WaseJalimani (''Deutsche Demokratische Republik,'' ngokujwayelekile iMpumalanga Jalimani). Nakuba iBerlin yayingaphakathi kwemigcele yaseMpumalanga Jalimani, yayinezihlangothi zimbili: entshonalanga ngaphansi kweNtshonalanga Jalimani, nempumalanga ngaphansi kweMpumalanga Jalimani eyabeka uhulumeni wayo khona. 

Ngo-1948, iMelika isungule isikhwama sokwesela amazwe aseYurophu kakhulu iNtshonalanga Jalimani ngemali yokuzakha kabusha. Ngo-1949, uKonrad Adenauer ukhethwe ukuba Indunankulu yokuqala yeNtshonalanga Jalimani. Ezi-1950, umnotho waseNtshonalanga Jalimani udlondlobale kakhulu. Ngo-1955, iNtshonalanga Jalimani ingene eUmdlelandawonyeni Yomvumelwano WaseNyakatho Atlantiki (isifinyezo sesiNgisi esidumile: ''NATO''). Izizwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu zisungule umbumbano ofanayo wazo obizwa iMvumelwano yaseWarsaw (inhlokodolobha lasePholandi) lapho iMpumalanga Jalimani yayiyilunga futhi yayiholwa nguMbumbano wamaSoviyethi. Ngo-1957, iJalimani yayilinye lwamalunga okuqala oMphakathi Wezombumnotho waseYurophu. Ukwakhiwe kebonda laseBerlin kukhawule ukwenqa kwemigcele ngaphakathi kwezakhamuzi zeMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Jalimani.
[[File:West and East Germans at the Brandenburg Gate in 1989.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Ukudilizwa kweDonga laseBerlin ngo-1989 ngaphambu kweSango laseBrandenburg]]
Ngenxa yokwenzeka kwezigameko zimbalwa kanye kanye (ukumenulwa kweNhlangano yeKomunizimu yoMbumbano wamaSoviyethi, ukuhlupheka komnotho waseMpumalanga Jalimani, nokufudumala kobuhlobo ngaphakathi kwamaJalimani amabili, ukuvuleka kwemigcele ngaphakathi kweHungari neOstriya), kwasekuvuleka imigcele ngaphakathi kwamaJalimani. Ngo-1990, iNhlangano Yesoshalizimu Yentandoyeningi yaseMpumalanga Yurophu, eyayiyinhlangano eyodwa eMpumalanga Jalimani, inqume ukuzidiliza nokubuyelana neNtshonalanga Jalimani. iNtshonalanga Jalimani idle izifundazwe zonke zaseMpumalanga Jalimani. Kanjalo iJalimani yahlangana futhi.

== Ezombusazwe ==
Uhlelo lwezombusazwe uhamba ngentandoyeningi ngomshayamthetho ongaphansi kwomthethosisekelo (''Grundgesetz''). Uhulumeni waseJalima unamagatsha amathathu:

* Isishayamthetho esinezindlu ezimbili: indlu yangaphansi (i-''Bundestag'') ekhethwe izakhamuzi, nendlu yangaphezulu (i-''Bundesrat'') ekhethwe izifundazwe.
* Sokuphatha (i-''Bundesregierung'') sineNdunankulu (umlisa: ''Bundeskanzler''; umfazane: ''Bundezkanzlerin'') nabangqongqoshe
* Sobulungisa sibandakanya iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo (''Bundes Verfassungsgericht'') nezinye izinkantolo

Umengameli (umlisa: ''Bundespräsident''; umfazane: ''Bundespräsidentin'') uyinhloko yombuso. Ukhethwa inhlangano yamalunga amele izifundazwe nabantu ebizwa Inhlangano kaZwelonke (''Bundesversammlung''). uMengameli umela isizwe ebudlelanweni nezinye izizwe futhi uphawulela isizwe imivumelwano ngaphakathi kwaso nezinye izizwe. Uma kungenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, uMengameli unamadla okushaya umthetho ngaphandle kwemvumo yesishayamethetho. Osesikhundleni manje nguMnum. Frank-Walter Steinmeier owakhethwa ngo-2017. 

Indunankulu ikhethwa i-''Bundestag''. Iqoka abongqongqoshe be-''Bundesregierung''. Indunankulu iyinhloko yegatsha loku phatha. Osesikundleni manje kusukela 2025 nguMnum. Friedrich Merz. i-Bundestag ikhethwa ngohlelo oluhlanganisa ukuhletshulelwa kwezihlalo ngeningi lamavoti ezigodi zokhetho kanye nezinhlu zezinhlangano ezikhethwe ngenani lamavoti ezweni lonke jikelele. i-''Bundesrat'' ikhethwa izishayamthetho zezifundazwe ngokwenani labahlali bazo. i-Bundestag inamandla okushaya namuphi umthetho kodwa imithetho eguqula amandla wezifundazwe noma eguqula ukuhlephulwa kwemali yentelo ngaphakathi kwezifundazwe nezinga likazwelonke. 

Kusukela 1949, uMbumbano YaseJalimani Yentandoyeningi Yobukristu (''Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands'') neQembu yaseJalimani Yentandoyeningi Yobusoshalizimu (''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands'') athole iningi lamavoti kangangokuthi leziziqembu bezisemandleni kuyonke leminyaka. Kepha, zikhona iziqembu ezincane: iQembu Elikhululekile Lentandoyeningi, Umbumbano 90/Abahlaza (''Bündnis 90/Die Grünen''), Inxele (''Die Linke'') noKhetholuhlukile laseJalimani (''Alternative für Deutschland'').

=== Izifundazwe ===
Izifundazwe eziyishumi nesithupha zaseJalimani (''Länder'') zinemithethosisekelo zazo. Futhi zinamandla amaningi okuziphatha. Lezizifundazwe zinezifunda ezi-401 (294 zasephandleni, 107 zasemadolobheni). Izifundazwe ezintathu (Berlin, Hamburg ne-Bremen) zingamadolobha.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Isifundazwe
!Inhlokodolobha
!Ubungakho Bendawo (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!Inani labahlali
!Umkhiqizo ngenyaka (ngezigigigidi zama-€)
!Umkhiqizo ngamuntu (€)
|-
|Baden-Württemberg
|Stuttgart
|35,751
|11,104,040
|615.071
|54,339
|-
|Bayern
|München
|70,550
|13,038,724
|768.469
|57,343
|-
|Berlin
|Berlin
|892
|3,596,999
|193.219
|51,209
|-
|Brandenburg
|Potsdam
|29,654
|2,534,075
|97.477
|37,814
|-
|Bremen
|Bremen
|420
|693,204
|39.252
|56,981
|-
|Hamburg
|Hamburg
|755
|1,808,846
|150.575
|79,176
|-
|Hesse
|Wiesbaden
|21,115
|6,207,278
|351.139
|54,806
|-
|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|Schwerin
|23,214
|1,570,817
|59.217
|36,335
|-
|Niedersachsen
|Hannover
|47,593
|7,943,265
|363.109
|44,531
|-
|Nordrhein-Westfalen
|Düsseldorf
|34,113
|17,890,489
|839.084
|46,194
|-
|Rheinland-Pfalz
|Mainz
|19,854
|4,094,169
|174.249
|41,797
|-
|Saarland
|Saarbrücken
|2,569
|1,006,864
|41.348
|41,617
|-
|Sachsen
|Dresden
|18,416
|4,038,131
|155.982
|38,143
|-
|Sachsen-Anhalt
|Magdeburg
|20,452
|2,146,443
|78.38
|35,911
|-
|Schleswig-Holstein
|Kiel
|15,802
|2,927,542
|118.68
|40,090
|-
|Thuringen
|Erfurt
|16,202
|2,110,396
|75.909
|35,715
|}

=== Ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe ===
[[File:Council of Europe Palais de l'Europe aerial view.JPG|thumb|197x197px|Isakhiwo sePhalamende YaseYurophu e''Straßburg'' emngceleni neJalimani]]
iJalimani iyilunga le-Nhlangano Yomvumelwano WaseNyakatho Atlantiki (NATO), iNhlangano Yokusebenzisana okoMnotho neNtuthuko (OECD), i-G7, iBhange Yomhlaba, Isikhwama Sezimali Sezizwezonke, Umkhandlu WaseYurophu, noMbumbano waseYurophu. Nakuba iJalimani inomlando lude lokulwa neFulansi, kulezinsuku unomfelandawonye oqinile nayo kanye nezizwe [[Netherlands|zaseNetherlands]], [[Belgium]], Ostriya, neLuxembourg. Futhi iJalimani inobudlelwane obuqinile neMelika neIsirayeli. 

=== Ezokuvikela ===
i-''Bundeswehr'' liyingqoqelo yamabutho aseJalimani okuvikela. iButho lasemhlabeni liyi-''Heer'', lasebhakabhakeni liyi-''Luftwaffe'', laselwandle liyi-''Marine,'' lo[[Uxhakaxholo|xhakaxholo]] liyi-''Cyber- und Informationsraum''. iJalimani ichithele amabutho izigidigidi ezi-97 zama-Euro ngo-2024. Inamajoni asebenzayo ayi-180,215 nabasebenzi abayi-80,761. Kufikela 2011, kwakuyimphoqo ukuthi abesilisa baqeqeshelwe impi mabaneminyaka eyi-18 kodwa lokhu akusakwenziwa. 

== Umnotho ==
[[File:Europäische Zentralbank Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|Ibhange Ephakeme YaseYurophu eJalimani]]
Umnotho waseJalimani uhambisana nohlelo oluhlanganisa ukuhweba okukhululekile kanye nesoshalizimu. Inabasebenzi abafundile abanobukhono obungcweti. Inenkohlakalo encane kakhulu nobucwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Inomnotho omkhulu ukundlula zonke izizwe zaseYurophu. Emhlabeni wonke, ihlulwa y[[iShayina]] ne[[Melika]] wodwa. Umnotho waseJaliman unemikhakha emithathu: amasevisi (72%), ukukhanda (27%) nokulima nokufuya (1%). Abantu abangama phesenti ayi-3.2 abanganawo umsebenzi. iJalimani iyinxenye engamaphesenti ayi-28 womnotho woBumbano waseYurophu. Ihlobo yemali esetshenziswayo ngokomthetho iyi-Euro (€). iBhange Ephakeme YaseYurophu ihleli eFrankfurt-am-Main eJalimani. iJalimani inensalela ekuhwebeni eyisibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni wonke ngasemuva kwe-Shayina.

iJalimani ikhiqiza izimotho (izinkampani ezingaphambili ziyi-Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz neBMW), [[IsiCikizi|izinhlelelo zezicikizi]] (i-SAP ihamba phambili kulelikhasi), [[iNguxa|izinguxa]] [[inzululwazi|zobunzululwazi]] nokukhanda (i-Bosch), ukuthutha ngezindiza (Lufthansa), izimpahla (Adidas) nobuchwepheshe (Siemens). Nakuba iJalimani inezinkampani ezinkulu, umkhiqizo omningi uqhamuka ezinkampanini ezincane nezingaphakathi ngobukhulu. Kushintshiselana amasheya e-Frankfurt Stock Exchange. 

iJalimani inobukhulu besine ekushicilelweni kwamaphepha wocwaningo wesayensi. Izinguxa eziningi ezimqoka esikhathini samanje ziqanjwe kuqala eJalimani: [[Imoto|izimoto]] (1885), [[IsiCikizi|izicikizi]], inguxa yokuphrinta (1440). Abosonzululwazi baseJalimani bembule  ulwazi oluningi [[Umchazazibalo|ezomchazazibalo]], [[Umchazandalo|ezomchazandalo]], [[UMchazamkhathi|nezomchazamkhathi]]. 

iJalimani inengqalasizinda ethuthukile ezingeni eliphezulu: imigwaqo (''Autobahn''), izitimela (''Eisenbahn''), imisele, nezikhululo zemikhumbi nezindiza. Itheku laseHamburg liyisikhululo semikhumbi yempahla elesithathu ngobukhulu. Inxenye eyingamaphesenti ayi-40 [[Amazuba|wombani]] ukhiqizwa amandla avuselelekayo futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angamaphesenti ayi-11 kusukela 1990. iJalimani ilekuqaleni ekuguqulweni kwezibi ukuthi zisetshenziswe kabusha.

== Ezezibhalo zaBantu ==

==Imithombo==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jalimani}}

{{Amazwe eYurophu}}

[[Category:IJalimani| ]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:IYurophu Entshonalanga]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiJalimani]]</text>
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    <title>I-Ostreliya</title>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''I-Ostreliya &lt;br /&gt; ''Commonwealth of Australia'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Australia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|125px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:AUS_orthographic.svg|250px]]
|-
| '''Isiqongo''' || [[I-Khanbhera]]
|-
| '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[I-Sidni]]
|-
| '''Ulimi''' || [[isiNgisi]]
|-
|}

'''i-Ostreliya''' (ngokomthetho: uMdlelandawonye wase-Ostreliya; [[isiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''Commonwealth of Australia'') iyilizwe eliqukatha bonke ubungakho bendawo belizwekazi legama elifanayo kanye neziqhingi eziseduze njengeTasmania. Amazwe aseduze ay[[I-Papua Nyugini|iPapuwa Nyugini]], iTimor-Leste kanye ne[[iNyuzilandi|Nyuzilandi]]. i-Ostreliya ifaka insalelo enxenyeni yendawo yelizwekazi le-Antarctica kodwa ngenxa yomvumelwano wamazwe onke izinsalelo kulelizwekazi ayivunyelwanga y[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|iZizwe eziHlangeneyo]]. Ngasempuma kune[[Ulwandlekazi|lwandlekazi]] yasePasifiki bese ngasntshona kunelwandlekazi laseNdiya, ngaseningizimu kunelwandlekazi lase-Antarctica.

i-Ostreliya iobungakho bendawo besithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni (7,688,287 km2). i-Ostreliya ine[[Inkithinkithi yempilo|inkithinkithi yeziphili]], kanye nezinhlonhlobo zezindawo zemvelo njengamahlathi ngasegwini kanye nezigwadule ngaphakthi. 

Abantu bomdabu base-Ostreliya babuya [[I-Eshiya|eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Eshiya]] iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kufika kwama-60 endlule enkathini yasekuphethweni yoqhwa. Ngenkathi amaBhulithani ezinza kulelizwekazi wayekhuluma inani lwezilimi ezindlula ama-250 kanye namasiko asaphilayo amadala ukundla amasiko amaningi asemhlabeni. Abase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] bokuqala ukufika e-Ostreliya ngabase[[Netherlands]] ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-17. Abase[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]] bakhe umuzi wabo okuqala nge-1788 ekolonini yaseNew South Wales. Kufika ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-19, iningi lelizwekazi lalingaphansi kwabaseBhulithani. Nge-1901, lamakoloni akhethe ukuhlangana ezweni linye. Kancane kancane i-Ostreliya inikezwe amandla okuzibusa okuphelele okunikezwe ubuzimela bobuzwe nge-1986. 

i-Ostreliya ibuswa ngohlelo we[[intandoyeningi|ntandoyeningi]] kaphalamende engaphansi ko[[Ubukhosi|bukhosi]] bo[[umthethosisekelo|mthethosisekelo]]. iNgonyama yase-Ostreliya, iyinhloko yezwe, kodwa ngokuba ihlala [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni oHlangeneyo]] njenge[[Ubukhosi boMbuso oHlangeneyo|Ngongyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo]], indima yakhe ifezwa nguMlawuli-Jikelele oqokwa nguye ngempakamiso kaNdunankulu wase-Ostreliya, naye emqoka ngemvumo yePhalamende yaseOstreliya. Nakuba amadolobha amakhulu ayiMelbourne kanye neSydney, isiqongo sase-OStreliya siseCanberra. i-Ostreliya ihlanganisa izifundazwe ezibizwa ama-''states'' nama-''territories'' amelwe kwiSenate (indlu yangaphezulu yePhalamende) ngokulingana. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ayiBrisbane, i-Adelaide, iPerth namanye. 

i-Ostreliya ibusiswe igcebo eningi yomhlaba yezinhlobo zez[[IMbiwa|imbiwa]] n[[Amafuthetshe|amafuthetshe]]. Futhi kunezimboni eziningi ezinkimbinkimbi njengekokhandwa kwemphahla, ukuvakasha, ezemali, oezokwakha nokudayiswa kwemphahla angasukiyo. i-Ostreliya iyinye amazwe asezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthuka lwabantu kakhulu kwezemfundo, ezempilonhle, kanye nezenhlalanhle. Kanye nokuba namandla aqinile ngenxa yezindleko zamabutho ahlomileyo zeshumi nane emhlabeni, i-OStreliya ibizwa ilizwe elisesigabeni sangaphakathi samandla. Futhi, i-Ostreliya iyilunga lezinhlangano zamazwe njenge-OECD, i-G20, i-WTO, i-APEC, kanye ne-Commonwealth of Nations.  

[[Category:I-Ostreliya| ]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe e-Osheaniya]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiNgisi]]</text>
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        <id>13909</id>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''I-Ostreliya &lt;br /&gt; ''Commonwealth of Australia'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Australia.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|125px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:AUS_orthographic.svg|250px]]
|-
| '''Isiqongo''' || [[I-Khanbhera]]
|-
| '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[I-Sidni]]
|-
| '''Ulimi''' || [[isiNgisi]]
|-
|}

'''i-Ostreliya''' (ngokomthetho: uMdlelandawonye wase-Ostreliya; [[isiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''Commonwealth of Australia'') iyilizwe eliqukatha bonke ubungakho bendawo belizwekazi legama elifanayo kanye neziqhingi eziseduze njengeTasmania. Amazwe aseduze ay[[I-Papua Nyugini|iPapuwa Nyugini]], iTimor-Leste kanye ne[[iNyuzilandi|Nyuzilandi]]. i-Ostreliya ifuna ubunmnikazi enxenyeni yendawo yelizwekazi le-Antarctica kodwa ngenxa yomvumelwano wamazwe onke afuna ubumnikazi kulelizwekazi ayivunyelwanga y[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|iZizwe eziHlangeneyo]]. Ngasempuma kune[[Ulwandlekazi|lwandlekazi]] yasePasifiki bese ngasntshona kunelwandlekazi laseNdiya, ngaseningizimu kunelwandlekazi lase-Antarctica.

i-Ostreliya iobungakho bendawo besithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni (7,688,287 km2). i-Ostreliya ine[[Inkithinkithi yempilo|inkithinkithi yeziphili]], kanye nezinhlonhlobo zezindawo zemvelo njengamahlathi ngasegwini kanye nezigwadule ngaphakthi. 

Abantu bomdabu base-Ostreliya babuya [[I-Eshiya|eNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Eshiya]] iminyaka eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kufika kwama-60 endlule enkathini yasekuphethweni yoqhwa. Ngenkathi amaBhulithani ezinza kulelizwekazi wayekhuluma inani lwezilimi ezindlula ama-250 kanye namasiko asaphilayo amadala ukundla amasiko amaningi asemhlabeni. Abase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] bokuqala ukufika e-Ostreliya ngabase[[Netherlands]] ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-17. Abase[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]] bakhe umuzi wabo okuqala nge-1788 ekolonini yaseNew South Wales. Kufika ekhulwini lweminyaka eyi-19, iningi lelizwekazi lalingaphansi kwabaseBhulithani. Nge-1901, lamakoloni akhethe ukuhlangana ezweni linye. Kancane kancane i-Ostreliya inikezwe amandla okuzibusa okuphelele okunikezwe ubuzimela bobuzwe nge-1986. 

i-Ostreliya ibuswa ngohlelo we[[intandoyeningi|ntandoyeningi]] kaphalamende engaphansi ko[[Ubukhosi|bukhosi]] bo[[umthethosisekelo|mthethosisekelo]]. iNgonyama yase-Ostreliya, iyinhloko yezwe, kodwa ngokuba ihlala [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni oHlangeneyo]] njenge[[Ubukhosi boMbuso oHlangeneyo|Ngongyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo]], indima yakhe ifezwa nguMlawuli-Jikelele oqokwa nguye ngempakamiso kaNdunankulu wase-Ostreliya, naye emqoka ngemvumo yePhalamende yaseOstreliya. Nakuba amadolobha amakhulu ayiMelbourne kanye neSydney, isiqongo sase-OStreliya siseCanberra. i-Ostreliya ihlanganisa izifundazwe ezibizwa ama-''states'' nama-''territories'' amelwe kwiSenate (indlu yangaphezulu yePhalamende) ngokulingana. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ayiBrisbane, i-Adelaide, iPerth namanye. 

i-Ostreliya ibusiswe igcebo eningi yomhlaba yezinhlobo zez[[IMbiwa|imbiwa]] n[[Amafuthetshe|amafuthetshe]]. Futhi kunezimboni eziningi ezinkimbinkimbi njengekokhandwa kwemphahla, ukuvakasha, ezemali, oezokwakha nokudayiswa kwemphahla angasukiyo. i-Ostreliya iyinye amazwe asezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthuka lwabantu kakhulu kwezemfundo, ezempilonhle, kanye nezenhlalanhle. Kanye nokuba namandla aqinile ngenxa yezindleko zamabutho ahlomileyo zeshumi nane emhlabeni, i-OStreliya ibizwa ilizwe elisesigabeni sangaphakathi samandla. Futhi, i-Ostreliya iyilunga lezinhlangano zamazwe njenge-OECD, i-G20, i-WTO, i-APEC, kanye ne-Commonwealth of Nations.  

[[Category:I-Ostreliya| ]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe e-Osheaniya]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiNgisi]]</text>
      <sha1>5e82plt2ucke3sc2u6z2f9z3y9sjapw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>INyuzilandi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2837</id>
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      <id>127755</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T18:27:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngikhulise isingeniso</comment>
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      <text bytes="4495" sha1="fxi00ek8udh31jtfpbq453bykl2hf1w" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''New Zealand &lt;br /&gt; ''New Zealand'' &lt;small&gt;(isiNgisi)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br /&gt; ''Aotearoa'' &lt;small&gt;(isiMaori)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|125px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth.svg|250px]]
|-
| '''Isiqongo''' || [[IWelingtoni]]
|-
| '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[I-Oklendi]]
|-
| '''Ulimi''' || [[isiNgisi]], [[isiMaori]]
|-
|}

'''iNyuzilandi''' (ngesiMaori: ''Aotearoa'', &amp;#x5B;aɔˈtɛaɾɔa&amp;#x5D; , [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: New Zealand) yilizwe eningizimu ntshonalanga kwolwandlekazi wasePasiki oqukathwa yiziqhingi ezimbili: isiqhingi sasenyakatho (''Te Ika-a-Māui'') kanye nesiqhingi saseningizimu (''Te Waipounamu'') kanye neziqhingi ezindlula amakhulu ayisikhombisa amancane. Ngobungakho bendawo, iyilizwe eliyisiqhingi elesithupha futhi isempumalanga kwe-[[I-Ostreliya|Ostreliya]] ngaphesheya kwolwandle kaTasman kanye naseningizimu kweziqhingi zaseNouvelle-Calédonie, eFiji naseTonga. Umumo womhlaba unkithinkithi, kakhulu ngeqoqo leziqonga zezintaba ezibizwa ama-Alps aseNingizimu (''Kā Tiritiri o te Moana''), zibunjwe ngukushukuma komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. isiqonga saseNyuzilandi siyiWellington futhi idolobhankulu iyi-Auckland.

Iziqhingi zaseNyuzilandi zazingezinye zezindawo zomhlaba ukuthi abantu bazinze kuzo. Ngaphakati kwe-1280 ne1350, amaPolynesia aqale ukuzinza kuleziqhingi ekuholele ekutheni kuvele usiko olungqayiveli lwamaMaori. Nge-1641, umtilosi kanye nomzulazuli wase[[Netherlands]], uAbel Tasman, wayengowase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] okuqala ukubona nokuloba iNyuzilandi. Nge-1769, umzulazuli wase[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]], umtilosi James Cook wayengowaseYurophu okuqala ukubeka nyawo eNyuzilandi. Nge-1840, abameli bo[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Mbuso oHlangeneyo]] kanye namakhosi wamaMāori aphawule umvumelwano waseWaitangi. Kodwa, njengoba kuyinjwayelo enqubeni yamaNgisi okudla umhlaba wabomdabu emhlabeni wonke jikelele, lomvumelwano usethsenziswe ukuqinisekisa ubukhosi bamaBhulithani onyakeni owawulandelayo kanye nokusungula ikoloni yaseNyuzilandi. Kungasikudalo, amaMāori namaBhulithani abezimpi ekuholele ekutheni iningi lomhlaba wamaMāori udliwe ngemphoqo. Nge-1947, iNyuzilandi ikhutshuliwe eMbusweni waseBhulithani ozingeni lwe-dominion, ikoloni ekuzinze amaBhulithani khona elaligunyazwe ukuziphathi kwezinye izindaba. Nge-1947, iNyuzilandi igunyazwe ukuzimela nokuzibusa, kodwa igcine iNgonyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo njengenhloko yezwe. 

Kulezinsuku, iningi elikhulu lenani labantu elezigidi eziyi-5.3 iqukathwa abaseYurophu (kakhulu abaseziqhingini zaseBhulithani), incane elikhulu kwezinye izincane zenani labantu iqukathwa amaMāori kodwa kukhona inani elibonakalayo labase-Eshiya kanye nabaseziqhingini ezinye zasePasifiki. Izilwimi ezisemthethweni ziyisiNgisi, isiMāori nokuPhawula ngeZandla kwaseNyuzilandi. Njengelizwe elisezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko, iNyuzilandi yayilizwe lokuqala ukungenisa umholo oyisisekela nokulula ilungelo lokuvota kwabesifazane. Njengoba ubonwa njenglizwe lesigaba sangaphakathi samandla, iNyuzilandi isezingeni eliphezulu lobunjalo bempilo namalungelo wabantu kanye ezingeni elisekugcineni ngobuphansi bombono wenkohlakalo emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kunjalo, kukhona imikhondo ebonakalayo yobungalingani obakhiwe ohlakweni wenhlalo ngaphakathi kwabaseYurophu namaMāori. Ngeshuminyaka le-1980, iNyuzilandi ibenezinguquko ezinkulu zomnotho eziphedule lelizwe kusuka ebuvikelweni kwobuhwebeni obukhululekileyo. Isigaba sezinkonzo siqukatha iningi lomkhiqizo womnotho ngonyaka, emuva kwaso, isigaba somboni bese isigaba sezolimo; futhi ukuvakashelwa kwabezizwe kungumtapo obalulekile womholo kulelizwe. iNyuzilandi inobudlelwane obuqinile ne-Ostreliya kakhulu ngenxa yokubangamawele ngokobukolonisti baseBhulithani. Lelizwe liyilunga lezinhlangano nezigcawu eziningi zamazwe. 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyuzilandi}}
[[File:NZ flag design Silver Fern (Black, White &amp; Blue) by Kyle Lockwood.svg|thumb|]]

[[Category:INyuzilandi| ]]
[[Category:I-Osheaniya]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiNgisi]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>127756</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T18:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''New Zealand &lt;br /&gt; ''New Zealand'' &lt;small&gt;(isiNgisi)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br /&gt; ''Aotearoa'' &lt;small&gt;(isiMaori)&lt;/small&gt;'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg|125px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|125px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:NZL_orthographic_NaturalEarth.svg|250px]]
|-
| '''Isiqongo''' || [[IWelingtoni]]
|-
| '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[I-Oklendi]]
|-
| '''Ulimi''' || [[isiNgisi]], [[isiMaori]]
|-
|}

'''iNyuzilandi''' (ngesiMaori: ''Aotearoa'', &amp;#x5B;aɔˈtɛaɾɔa&amp;#x5D; , [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: New Zealand) yilizwe eningizimu ntshonalanga kwolwandlekazi wasePasiki oqukathwa yiziqhingi ezimbili: isiqhingi sasenyakatho (''Te Ika-a-Māui'') kanye nesiqhingi saseningizimu (''Te Waipounamu'') kanye neziqhingi ezindlula amakhulu ayisikhombisa amancane. Ngobungakho bendawo, iyilizwe eliyisiqhingi elesithupha futhi isempumalanga kwe-[[I-Ostreliya|Ostreliya]] ngaphesheya kwolwandle kaTasman kanye naseningizimu kweziqhingi zaseNouvelle-Calédonie, eFiji naseTonga. Umumo womhlaba unkithinkithi, kakhulu ngeqoqo leziqonga zezintaba ezibizwa ama-Alps aseNingizimu (''Kā Tiritiri o te Moana''), zibunjwe ngukushukuma komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. isiqonga saseNyuzilandi siyiWellington futhi idolobhankulu iyi-Auckland.

Iziqhingi zaseNyuzilandi zazingezinye zezindawo zokugcina zomhlaba ukuthi abantu bazinze kuzo. Ngaphakati kwe-1280 ne1350, amaPolynesia aqale ukuzinza kuleziqhingi ekuholele ekutheni kuvele usiko olungqayiveli lwamaMāori. Nge-1641, umtilosi kanye nomzulazuli wase[[Netherlands]], uAbel Tasman, wayengowase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] okuqala ukubona nokuloba mayelana iNyuzilandi. Nge-1769, umzulazuli wase[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]], umtilosi James Cook wayengowaseYurophu okuqala ukubeka nyawo eNyuzilandi. Nge-1840, abameli bo[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Mbuso oHlangeneyo]] kanye namakhosi wamaMāori aphawule umvumelwano waseWaitangi. Kodwa, njengoba kuyinjwayelo enqubeni yamaNgisi okudla umhlaba wabomdabu emhlabeni wonke jikelele, lomvumelwano usethsenziswe ukuqinisekisa ubukhosi bamaBhulithani onyakeni owawulandelayo kanye nokusungula ikoloni yaseNyuzilandi. Kungasikudalo, amaMāori namaBhulithani abezimpi ekuholele ekutheni iningi lomhlaba wamaMāori udliwe ngemphoqo. Nge-1947, iNyuzilandi ikhutshuliwe eMbusweni waseBhulithani ozingeni lwe-dominion, ikoloni ekuzinze amaBhulithani khona elaligunyazwe ukuziphathi kwezinye izindaba. Nge-1947, iNyuzilandi igunyazwe ukuzimela nokuzibusa, kodwa igcine iNgonyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo njengenhloko yezwe. 

Kulezinsuku, iningi elikhulu lenani labantu elezigidi eziyi-5.3 iqukathwa abaseYurophu (kakhulu abaseziqhingini zaseBhulithani), incane elikhulu kwezinye izincane zenani labantu iqukathwa amaMāori kodwa kukhona inani elibonakalayo labase-Eshiya kanye nabaseziqhingini ezinye zasePasifiki. Izilwimi ezisemthethweni ziyisiNgisi, isiMāori nokuPhawula ngeZandla kwaseNyuzilandi. Njengelizwe elisezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko, iNyuzilandi yayilizwe lokuqala ukungenisa umholo oyisisekela nokulula ilungelo lokuvota kwabesifazane. Njengoba ubonwa njenglizwe lesigaba sangaphakathi samandla, iNyuzilandi isezingeni eliphezulu lobunjalo bempilo namalungelo wabantu kanye ezingeni elisekugcineni ngobuphansi bombono wenkohlakalo emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kunjalo, kukhona imikhondo ebonakalayo yobungalingani obakhiwe ohlakweni wenhlalo ngaphakathi kwabaseYurophu namaMāori. Ngeshuminyaka le-1980, iNyuzilandi ibenezinguquko ezinkulu zomnotho eziphedule lelizwe kusuka ebuvikelweni kwobuhwebeni obukhululekileyo. Isigaba sezinkonzo siqukatha iningi lomkhiqizo womnotho ngonyaka, emuva kwaso, isigaba somboni bese isigaba sezolimo; futhi ukuvakashelwa kwabezizwe kungumtapo obalulekile womholo kulelizwe. iNyuzilandi inobudlelwane obuqinile ne-Ostreliya kakhulu ngenxa yokubangamawele ngokobukolonisti baseBhulithani. Lelizwe liyilunga lezinhlangano nezigcawu eziningi zamazwe. 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyuzilandi}}
[[File:NZ flag design Silver Fern (Black, White &amp; Blue) by Kyle Lockwood.svg|thumb|]]

[[Category:INyuzilandi| ]]
[[Category:I-Osheaniya]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiNgisi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>IFulansi</title>
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      <text bytes="6375" sha1="oi6kdrrrvmx7c4kqz5hrrx0nu1ob8ek" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe
|igama_ivamile        = France
|igama_ikhulu         = {{Collapsible list|title='''&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;IFulansi'''&lt;/div&gt;}}
|igama_imvelo         = ''France''
|ifulegi              = Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg
|image_coat           = Armoiries république française.svg
|isaga                = 
|inkondlo_wesizwe     = ''La Marseillaise''
|ibalazwe             = EU-France.svg
|isiqongo             = [[IParisi]]
|latd                 = 48
|latm                 = 51
|latNS                = N
|longd                = 2
|longm                = 21
|longEW               = E
|idolobha_elikhulu    =
|abantu               =
|uhlobo_kohulumeni    =
|umongameli_isithakazo1 =
|umongameli_igama1    =
|umongameli_isithakazo2 =
|umongameli_igama2    =
|umongameli_isithakazo3 =
|umongameli_igama3    =
|umongameli_isithakazo4 =
|umongameli_igama4    =
|umongameli_isithakazo5 =
|umongameli_igama5    =
|ubedala_isehlakalo1  =
|usuku_isehlakalo1    =
|ubedala_isehlakalo2  =
|usuku_isehlakalo2    =
|ubedala_isehlakalo3  =
|usuku_isehlakalo3    = 
|ubedala_isehlakalo4  =
|usuku_isehlakalo4    =
|ubukhulu_sq_mi       = 248,573
|ubukhulu_km2         = 643,801
|ubukhulu_ukuma       = 42
|iphesenti_amanzi     = 
|izilimi              = [[isiFulentshi]] 
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa = 68,042,591
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma = 20
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka = 2023
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo = 
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka =
|ixuku_labantu_km2    = 105.4
|ixuku_labantu_sq_mi  =
|ixugu_labantu_ukuma  = 106
|imali                = [[Euro]] (EUR)
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fulansi}}'''iFulansi''' (ngokomthetho: iRiphabhuliki yamaFulenshi; ngesiFulenshi: ''République française'') iyizwe entshonalanga [[IYurophu|Yurophu]] enezindawo kwemanaye [[IZwekazi|amazwekazi]] njengeGuyana yeFulansi [[IMelika Eningizimu|eNingizimu Melika]], iNgcwele Petru noMikheloni eNyakatho Atlantiki, iziNtshonalanga Ndiya yeFulansi, kanye neziqhingi eziningi e[[Ulwandlekazi|lwandlekazini]] leNdiya kanye nePasifiki. iFulansi eseYurophu inemingcele ne[[Belgium|Bhelijiyamu]] neLuksembhegi enyakatho, [[iJalimani]] ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, [[ISwitzerland|iSwisi]] ngasempumalanga, [[iTaliya]] neMonakho ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga, i-Andora ne[[ISpaniya|Spaniya]] ngase ntshonalanga kanye nomngcele wolwandle no[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Mbuso oHlangeneyo]] ngaphesheya koMsele wamaNgisi noLwandle waseNyakatho.

Imingcele yeFulansi isuka kwimfula Rayini kufika kwilwandlekazi Atlantiki,  kusika kwulwandle waseMedithareniyeni kufika kuLwandlwa waseNyakatho kanye noMsele wamaNgisi. Inezifunda ezimqoka eziyi-18 (ezinhlanu zazo zingaphesheya kolwandle) eziqukatha ubungakho bedawo obuyizi-632,702 km2 (244,288 sq mi) kanye nenani yabantu abayizigidi ezi-69.1 ngama-2026. Isiqongo sayo kanye nedolobha nkulu, inkaba yomnotho nesiko siyiParisi, enenani labantu abayizidi eziyi-13. 

eFulansi yaseYurophu eNkathini yeNsimbi, kwakuhlala izizwe zamaKhelthi ezaziwa ngelika-Gauls (noma amaGole) ngaphambu kokuthi amaRoma abanqobe nge-51 BC ekuholele ekutheni kuvele usiko olungqayiveli wamaRoma namaGole. Ekuqaleni kweNkathi engaPhakathi, amaFranki asungule Umbuso waseFrankiya ebeyindawo engqangi yoMbuso wamaKharolingi. Umvumelwano waseVerdun wama-843 uhlephule umbuso, iNtshona Frankiya yaphenduka uMbuso waseFulansi. Enkathini ePhakathi yangaPhezulu iFulansi yayizwe enamandla kepha enezifunda eziziphathwa ngamakhosi kodwa emuva kokuthi iNgonyama uFiliphi ahlule uMbuso wama-Anjevini futhi waphumelela eMpini yaseBouvines, iFulansi uhulumeni waqinisa isandla sawo ezweni futhi yaba izwe elinamandla ukundlula wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Kusukela amakhulu ayi-14 kufika kwayi-15, iFulansi yaba nempi neNgilandi mayelana ubundlalifa basebukhosini okwakubizwa iMpi yemiNyaka eyiKhulu. eKhulwini le-16, usiko lwamaFulenshi lwahluma ngenkathi yeRenaissance yaseFulansi (Ukuvukakabusha) futhi umbuso wangaphesheya waseFulansi wavela okuholele ekutheni iFulansi ibumbe umbuso wangaphesheya owawuyinye yemibuso yalohlobo emikhulu emlandweni wasemhlabeni futhi amaFulenshi wayegqilaza abantu base-Afrika ukuthi basebenza kumakoloni abo waseMelika. Kwezangasekhaya, kwakunokulwa ngaphakathi kwoMuzi wamaHabsburg, kanye neziMpi zaseFulansi zeNkolo ngaphakathi kw[[ISonto lamaKatholika|amaKatolika]] namaHugenoti (inhlobo yama[[UbuProthestani|Prothestani]]). iFulansi iphumelelile eMpini yeMinyaka engamaShumi amaThathu futhi yakhulisa ithonya layo ngenkathi kubusa uLouis XIV. Ngaphansi kwombuso wakhe, iFulansi yayinebhutho elinamandla ukundula wonke amazwe aseYurophu, futhi kwahluma ubuciko nenzululwazi.

Umvukelambuso wamaFulenshi we-1789 umenule uMbuso wakuDala, kwazalwa isiMemezelo samaLungelo woMuntu ekuyisekela lemicabango yalelizwe kufika namuhla. iFulansi ifinyelele esiqongweni sethonyo namandla wezombusazwe nezempi ekhulwini le-19 ngaphansi ka[[Napoleon]] ngoba yanqoba iningi leYurophu lasezwekazini futhi yasungulula Umbusokazi Wokuqala wamaFulenshi. Emuva kokuthi uwe lombusokazi, iFulansi yaba nesikhathi sokudangala kulesosikhathi ekuholele ekubuyisweni koMuzi wamaBourbon ebukhosini okwakungabanga khona isikhathi eside ngoba kungasikudala kwabuyiswa iRiphabhuliki yesiBili yamaFulenshi. Kodwa, uNapoleon III, umenule leyoRiphabhuliki ukusungula uMbusokazi wesiBili wamaFulenshi. Lowombusokazi wawa emua kwempi neProyiseni ekuholele ekusungulweni kwoMbusokazi wesiThathu wamaFulenshi. Ngenkathi yamakhulu we-19 nama-20, iFulansi yakhe umbuso wesibili wangaphesheya wamakoloni emuva ngobukhulu kwoMbusokazi wamaBhulithani. Empini yokuQala yoMhlabawonke iFulansi yayiyinye yabanqobi kodwa yalahlelwa ingcebo nezimpilo eziningi. Yayingamanye wama-Allies empini yesibili yomhlabawonke kodwa yaphonsela ithawula mhla ihlaselwa yiJalimani nge-1940. Emuva kokuthi ikhululwe nge-199, iRiphabhuliki yesiNe yamaFulenshi yangusulwa kepha yawa kungasikudala emuva kweMpi yase-Aljeriya. Izwe lanamuhla, iRiphabhuliki yesiHlanu yamaFulenshi isungulwe nge-1958 nguMkhuzi uCharles de Gaule. i-Aljeriya neningi lamakoloni weFulansi amemeze ubuzimela ngeshumi le-1960 kodwa iningi labo ligcine ubuhlobo obusondele neFulansi.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fulansi}}

{{Amazwe eYurophu}}
{{Commons|France}}

[[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]]
[[Category:IFulansi| ]]
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]]
[[Category:IYurophu Entshonalanga]]
[[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiFulentshi]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T05:38:43Z</timestamp>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7331" sha1="mvy5imc7je6jdi7urz77az83hhdygzt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png|alt=Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted|right|300x300px]]

'''uXhakaxholo''' uhlelo lwembulunga yonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|lwamahleloxhumano ezlsicikizi]] axhumene olusebenzisa [[iGumelo loxhakaxholo]] ''(Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)'' ukuze kube nokuxhumana okulula phakathi kwamahleloxhumano nezilekeleli. ''Lunguxhoxho lwamahleloxhumano'' oluqukethe amahleloxhano asisulu, awomphakathi, awamanyuvesi, awemihwebo, nawohulumeni bezindawo nawembulunga, wonke ahlanganiswe ndawonye ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amazuba, obungenazo izindophi kanye [[Inxoza yokukhanya|nobezinxoza zokukhanya]]. UXhakaxholo luqukethe izinsiza zokwaziswa eziningi kanye nezinkonzo, okubalwa kuzo imiqulu exhumene ngesiqakaqulu ''(hypertext)'' kanye namahlelokusebenza [[Isizindalwazi sokuxhumana somhlaba jikelele|oLwebu Lomhlaba Wonke]] (WWW), [[Incwazuba|umbikombani]], ucingo lokuxhumana, kanye [[Ukwabelana ngehele|nokwabelana ngezihele]].

Indabuko yoxhakaxholo iseminyakeni yowezi-1960, lapho ucwaningo olwalwenziwa uMnyango wezokuVikela waseMelika lwavumela ukuba kube nokucobelelana ngesikhathi phakathi kweziCikizi. Uhleloxhano oluyinhloko oluyisanduleli, i-[[ARPANET]], lwalusebenza njengesiseko sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaxhoxho ezifunda kwezemfundo nakwezempi eminyakeni yowezi-1970. Uxhaso ngokwezimali oluvela kwa-National Science Foundation lwaba yisiseko esisha ngowezi-1980. Lona kanye noxhaso olwaluvela kwabezoHwebo, lwaholela kubambiswano lomhlaba wonke ekuthuthukiseni ezobuchwepheshe ezintsha kwezohleloxhumano, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni kwamahleloxhano amaningi. Ukuxhunywa kwamahleloxhumano abezohwebo namabhizinisi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowezi-1990 kwaphawula isiqalo sokufudukela kuXhakaxholo lwanamuhla, futhi kwaphehla ukukhula okuqhubekayo njengoba uhide lweziCikizi zezikhungu, abantu ngabanye, kanye neziphathwayo nazo zaxhunywa oxhoxhweni.

== ukuchazwa kwebizo==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 32304 The Internet Messenger by Buky Schwartz.JPG|thumb|''Umthumeli we-intanethi'' ngokuka Buky Schwartz, endaweni yaseHolon, ezweni lakwa[[Isreyili]]]]
Ibizo elithi &quot;uxhakaxholo&quot; lihumusha kahle elithi ''internet'' elinomsuka ochaza into exhakaxhene, noma exhoxhene (cishe lafana nelithi uxhoxho) kodwa lisho into ephithene, yaxhoxhelana ngendlela exakayo. Liyafaneleka ngoba uxhakaxholo namuhla luyisimiso sembulunga samaxhoxho esicikizi axhakaxhumene.

Nawa amanye amagama ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kukaxhakaxholo:

* ''Internet service'' - inkonzo yoxhakaxholo
* ''online'' - kuxhakaxholo
* ''cyber'' - uxhakaxholo
* ''online service'' - inkonzo yoxhakaxholo
* ''cyber attack'' - uhlaselo loxhakaxholo
* ''internet browsing'' - ukuphequlula kuxhakaxholo
* ''website'' - [[IsiZindalwebu]]

Nakuba abantu lapho bevakashela uLwebu LoMhlaba Wonke bevamise ukuthi bakuxhakaxholo, basuka beshaya eceleni ngoba abakwenzayo ukusebenzisa [[isiphequluli]] ukubuka amakhasi wolwebu. ULwebu loMhlaba Wonke luyingxenye eyodwa yezinkonzo eziningi zoxhakaxholo, luyiqoqoq lwemibhalo (amakhasi wolwebu) nezinye izinsiza zolwebu, ezikhongcwe ngamakhongcokazi namakheli wolwebu.

== uMlando ==
Eminyakeni ye-1960, inhlangano ebizwa ''Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)'' engaphansi koMnyango wezoVikela waseMelika, yaxhasa ucwaningo lokucobelela-ngesikhathi kwezicikizi. Kulapho okwavelq khona nesu loxhoxho lomhlaba. Emva kokuvela lobuchwepheshe bokuqhebeza ngamapakethe, kwahlanganiswa amaxhoxho amaningana afana NPL, eyahlanganiswa noxhoxho lwe-ARPANET nezinye izinsizakusebenza wokwabelana ngamaxhoxho ezifana ne-''Merit Network'' kanye ne-''CYCLADES''.

== Ingqalasizinda ==
[[File:World map of submarine cables.png|thumb|Ibalazwe lowezi-2007 eliveza izindophi zenxoza zokuxhumana ezisezilwandle emhlabeni wonke]]
Ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana yoxhakaxholo ihilela izigcoyi eziphathekayo kanye nesimiso sezingwimba zamahlelokusebenza kokubili okulawula izici ezihlukene zokwakheka kwayo. Njenganoma yiliphi uxhoxho lwesiCikizi olukhona, uxhakaxholo luhilela izikhondisi ''(routers)'', izinsiza (ezinjengezindophi namakhongco womsakazo) iziphindi, izibhensi njll. Kodwana, njengesibobelo sokuxhakaxhoxholana, iningi lamaqhuzu woxhoxho awazona izinsiza zoxhakaxholo ngokwemfuneko, amakhikhilezo woxhakaxholo asuke athwelwe ngamanye amagumelo wokuxhoxhelana kuyilapho uxhakaxholo lona luyindinganiso yoxhoxho lohlobo olulodwa, egununda ezinsizeni eziphathekayo ezinhlobonhlobo, lusebenzisa amakhikhilezo aqondiswe lapho abhekise amabombo khona ngezikhondisi.

=== Izingqimba zenkonzo ===
[[File:Internet Connectivity Distribution &amp; Core.svg|thumb|ukukhondisa ngamakhikhizelo kuxhakaxholo lonke kubandakanya izingqimba ezimbalwa zabanikezeli benkonzo kaxhakaxholo.]]

==UkuBaluleka koXhakaxholo==
UXhakaxholo lubalulekile esikhathini samanje ngoba ulwazi oluningi luqukethwe kulo. Abantu akusadingeki ukuthi baye kobheka ulwazi emtapweni wolwazi noma bathenge amaphephandaba ukuze bathole ulwazi, sekulula manje umuntu ungena kuxhakaxholo athole lokho akufunayo noma ikuphi esebenzisa isicikizi noma [[umakhalekhukhwini]]. UXhakaxholo futhi lwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele kube lula futhi kungambi eqolo. Usukwazi ukuxhumana nomuntu okwelinye izwe nixoxe indaba yenu niyiqede nibukana, lobu ubuchwephese be-''video calling''. 

Okubalulekile ngoxhakaxholo ukuthi luyakwazi ukuthatha umhlaba wonke liwusondeze, liwubeke esihenqweni [[Ikhompiyutha|sesiCikizi]] noma umakhalekhukhwini. Ngoxhakaxholo abantu bayakwazi ukuxhumana ne[[Ibhange|bhange]], izitolo, [[Umtapo Wolwazi|imitapo yolwazi]], izihlobo nabangani, ngingabala ngithini. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe boxhakaxholo sekuholele ekutheni kwenziwe imali esebenza khona kuxhakaxholo kuphela ukuthenga konke okudingayo. Lemali esebenza kuxhakaxholo kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi [[iNkecesomane]] (''crypto currency''), edume kakulu yaziwa ngokuthi yi-''[[Bitcoin]]'' eyasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-2009 ngumlisa ozibiza ngoSatoshi  Nakamoto.

== UbuNgozi boXhakaxholo ==
UXhakaxholo lwenza ukuxhumana kwabantu kube lula, kanti ukuxhumana nako kunobungozi babo. Abantu bavame ukuthumela imininingwano yangasese, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukuyeba leyomininingwano. Bangasebenzisa uxhakaxholo ukubhebhethekisa amanga noma izimfihlo ezebiwe noma izeluleko ezinobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, uXhoxho lomphakathi olwaziwa ngo-Facebook lwake lwaba  sezinkingeni ngokungavikeli imininingwano yabantu yangasese.

* Amanye ama-websites angaqola abantu ukuba badawunilode amaGciwanyane angalimaza isiCikizi, noma ama-spyware apopola abasebenzisi (ahlola zonke izinto abazenzayo bese ezazisa omunye).

*Ama-E-mails angaphatha amafayela anobungozi kuma &quot;attachments&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.wiredsafety.org/internet101/viruses.html |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-date=2014-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518071636/https://www.wiredsafety.org/internet101/viruses.html |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Kuma-internet chatrooms, abantu bengazama ukuzingela abanye noma bezame ukubakhela uzungu noma bebahlukumeze.
*UXhakaxholo luqukethe abantu abaningi abakubona njengokuhlukumezayo, nokuqonde ukuhlukumeza.
*Izigilamkhuba zingeba imininingwano yabantu yangasese noma zibaqole ukuba babathumele imali.

== Imithombo ==
*
*
[[Category:I-Intanethi| ]]
[[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]]
[[Category:Ezokuxhumana]]</text>
      <sha1>mvy5imc7je6jdi7urz77az83hhdygzt</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Gabon</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127790</id>
      <parentid>126424</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T08:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>127790</origin>
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      <text bytes="13572" sha1="tkdtx8mnnrdpl0qrz3ri4k3e7q6meg0" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q19798976
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137226|Chantal Myboto]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2025-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128311017|Charles Otando]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128305854|Gabriel Mally Odjoua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123207|Jean Placide Ovono Mbouengou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123206|Edgard Owono Ndong]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123205|Albert Richard Royembo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123203|Stephen Darell Sowa Akendengue Niang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123202|Pendi Georges Trissaugui Ogoulath]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123199|Fidèle Waura]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123198|Jean de Dieu Yembit Mangala]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119671|Freddy Fernandez Ona Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119662|Luck Harley Ondias Souna]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119651|Gérard Ondjambi Onguia]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119645|Pacôme Rufin Ondzounga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119635|Alban Stéphane Ossinga Onanga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118824|Daniel Obame Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118598|Jean-Marie Obame Eyegue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118398|Frédéric Nzue Edzang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118246|Eloi Nzondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118231|Pascal Franck Nze Ndong Nze]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128117673|Aurélien Ntoutoume Mebiame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128117662|Dominique Guy-Noel Nguieno]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128115470|Sosthène Nguema Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128115241|Joël Ngoueneni Ndzengouma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128113869|Mesmin Boris Ngabikoumou Wada]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127643979|François Ndong Obiang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604304|Jean Bosco Ndjounga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604300|Franck Ndjimbi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604289|Barry Ndimal]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604266|Clément Moupoumbou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604265|Thierry Nang Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604188|Dieudonné Mouiri Boussougou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604112|Christian Minko Mi Etoua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604108|Carl Mihindou Mi Nzamba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604103|Antoine Menie M'eyi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604099|Mouele Romain Romain]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600761|Josué Mbadinga Mbadinga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600753|Jean-Bosco Mbagou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600751|Jean-Marie Mboumbou Makanga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600749|Jean Claude Mboumi Nzinzi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600671|Roland Matsiendi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600665|Mavoungou Mihindou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600645|Paulin Mandjou Ngoyo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600643|Gabriel Mally Hodjoua]]''
| 
| 
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600539|Serge Maurice Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600535|Marcel Libama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600529|Jean Valentin Leyama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600512|Serge Aimé Issembe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600467|Jean Lambert Idodo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600458|Melvin Vincent Gondjout Indjendjet]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600435|Charles-Henri Gey]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600089|Frateli Martial Fouty]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127508776|Geoffroy Foumboula Libeka]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507417|Ali Eyeghe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507354|Gérard Ella Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507272|Leonel Ella Engonga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507203|Jean Paulin Ekoua Sima]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507131|Jean Lucien Doumbeneny]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506366|Donatien Lhye Dioumy Moubassango]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506290|Germain Biahodjow]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506202|Henri Bekalle - Akwe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505829|Jean Marie Beka B'obame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505746|Raphaël Bandega Lendoye]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505680|Alexandre Gilbert Awassi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505138|Willy Bertrand Abiery]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943558|Huguette Tsono]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943402|Odette Jeanine Taty Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943395|Alix Bertille Sougou Latsiere]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943385|Madeleine Sidonie Revangue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943369|Odette Polo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943350|Pepecy Ogouliguende]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943334|Béatrice Ntoutoume]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943129|Ludwine Staelle Ngoundji]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943088|Diane Dorothée Mengue M'Akue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943079|Jeanne Mbagou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939833|Irène Lissenguet Goumbou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939816|Justine Judith Lekogo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939805|Brigitte Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939797|Nathalie Ebaneth]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939786|Tatiana Mireille Bouyou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939765|Nicole Bouanga Mombo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939739|Valentin Virginie Beckopa epse Roy]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939683|Firmine Olga Badjina Moudouma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939070|Flavienne Patricia Hélène Adiahenot-Meporewa]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939001|Charlotte Aboghe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126938809|Boukandou Elza Ritchuelle]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53535963|Régis Immongault]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| [[File:Regis Immongault, Head of the Mission of Gabon to the European Union - 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127219|Casimir Oyé-Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2007-01-01
| 2009-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2655471|Faustin Boukoubi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1996-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943052|Albertine Maganga Moussavou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3122048|Guy Nzouba-Ndama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 2016-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127219|Casimir Oyé-Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 2006-12-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116195860|Jean-François Ndongou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean-François Ndongou - 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96335298|Séraphin Akure-Davain]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Séraphin Akure-Davain.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58467564|Raphaël Ngazouzé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raphaël Ngazouzé.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30595704|Angélique Ngoma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26924447|Pacome Moubelet Boubeya]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pacôme Moubelet-Boubeya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21228521|Alexandré Barro Chambrier]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Abchambrier.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8063923|Zacharie Myboto]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7932126|Vincent de Paul Gondjout]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7520896|Simplice Guedet Manzela]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7191961|Pierre-André Kombila]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6836261|Michel Akouloua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6756384|Marcellin Mve Ebang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711125|Léonard Andjembé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711098|Léon Mbou Yembi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6695782|Luc Marat Abyla]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169939|Jean-Pierre Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169030|Jean-Boniface Assélé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6120375|Jacques Adiahénot]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5989746|Idriss Ngari]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5897056|Honorine Dossou Naki]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493498|Françoise Makaya]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493259|François Engongah Owono]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373320|Emmanuel Ondo Methogo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371552|Émile Doumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4775513|Antoine Mboumbou Miyakou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759882|André Dieudonné Berre]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3430482|Richard Auguste Onouviet]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3384462|Pierre-Claver Zeng Ebome]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3371820|Paul Mba Abessole]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Mba Abessole 2015 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3188402|Jules-Aristide Bourdes-Ogouliguende]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3014508|Daniel Ona Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Daniel Ona Ondo 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2848287|André Mba Obame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2720046|Georges Aleka Damas]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2662541|Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge]]''
| usombusazwe, IGaboni
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2053317|Félix Siby]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1371373|Paulin Obame-Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q668233|Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515666|Paul Biyoghé Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Biyoghé Mba - 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q383696|Jean Eyeghé Ndong]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong 2007 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q269045|Pierre Mamboundou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q256998|Jean-Hilaire Aubame]]''
| 
| [[IFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aubame.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58286|Jean Ping]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean Ping 080202-F-1644L-081 0YWDF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58208|Paul Toungui]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Toungui, IMF 116SJ0504150090lg.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57856|Raymond Ndong Sima]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Ndong Sima 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>tkdtx8mnnrdpl0qrz3ri4k3e7q6meg0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Parliament of Uganda</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127796</id>
      <parentid>127632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:05:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>127796</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="84014" sha1="mwibx738yet1h5nu8dks0vqyzc3xrxd" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Parliament of Uganda who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21296005 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21296005/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21296005/P580:Start date,P39/Q21296005/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21759|Winnie Byanyima]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Winnie Byanyima, directrice exécutive d'Oxfam international.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q49253|Irene Muloni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Irene Muloni - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57873|Amama Mbabazi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2003-02-11
| 2016-02-18
| [[File:The Minister of Security, Uganda, Mr. Amama Mbabazi meeting with the Minister of State for External Affairs Shri Anand Sharma, in New Delhi on August 28, 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58240|Sam Kutesa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Sam Kutesa - 2018 (32521275868) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q393388|Aggrey Awori]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2001
| 2006
| [[File:Aggrey-awori.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q486859|Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1026465|Kadaga Rebecca Alitwala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kadaga Rebecca 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1173623|Bahati David]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bahati David.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1307960|Ken Lukyamuzi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 2016
| [[File:Ken Lukyamuzi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1354926|Eriya Kategaya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:The Right Honorable Eriya Kategaya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1441372|Francis Ayume]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1707665|Mugenyi Joseph]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1740843|Ruhakana Rugunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prime Minister Rugunda.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2605033|Betty Oyella Bigombe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bigombe Betty Atuku.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3105642|Gilbert Bukenya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dr. Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3784984|Henry Oryem Okello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acting Foreign Minister Okello Oryem (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4280983|Mao Norbert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Norbert Mao (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665198|Abdu Katuntu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Abdul-Katuntu1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4684139|Adolf Mwesige]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mwesige Adolf.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693003|Agnes Akiror]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696656|Aidah Nantaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nantaba Idah Erios.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4700611|Akena p'Ojok]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4716143|Alengot Oromait]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4717580|Alex Onzima]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aadroa Alex Onzima.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4726787|Alintuma Nsambu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4742276|Kyambadde Amelia Anne]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Amelia Kyambadde.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4795550|Aronda Nyakairima]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gen. Nyakayirima Aronda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4810985|Aston Kajara]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kajara Aston Peterson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4811869|Asuman Kiyingi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mohd. Hamid Ansari with the Minister of State for Regional Cooperation &amp; Acting Foreign Minister of Uganda, Mr. Asuman Kiyingi, on his arrival at Entebbe International Airport, Uganda on July 08, 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4859206|Barbara Oundo Nekesa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4877118|Atim Beatrice Anywar]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atim Beatrice Anywar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4877205|Beatrice Wabudeya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4935806|Bobi Wine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2017-07-11
| 2021
| [[File:Bobi Wine 2024.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5045178|Caroline Okao Amali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Amali, Caroline Okao.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5064251|Cerinah Nebanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5075388|Charles Bakkabulindi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bakkabulindi Charles.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5110904|Christine Amongin Aporu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Amongin, Christine Aporu Hellen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5186066|Kiyonga Cwcb]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon. Dr. Cryspus Kiyonga, minister of Defence speaking during the AMISOM Retreat in Kampala- Uganda (16220704751).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5227877|Daudi Migereko]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Migereko Daudi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5240436|David Tinyefunza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5240772|David Wakikona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Wakikona Wandendeya David.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5345394|Edward Ssekandi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Edward Ssekandi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5366225|Elly Tumwine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:General Elly Tumwine.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373324|Emmanuel Otala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Otiam Emmanuel Otaala.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5377366|Abner Nangwale]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5382289|Kamuntu Ephraim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5385927|Erias Lukwago]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Independence Cup.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5393381|Ernest Kiiza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kiiza, Monday Ernest Apuuli.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5458060|Flavia  Nabugere Munaaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5490025|Tumwebaze Frank Kagyigyi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tumwebaze Frank Kagyigyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5495976|Fred Mukisa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Fred Mukisa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5496029|Fred Omach]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5496187|Ruhindi Fredrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515776|Gabriel Opio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5549595|Gerald Ssendaula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5590968|Grace Akello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2006
| [[File:Grace Akello, Ausschnitt aus dem Foto von Filo gèn'.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5717682|Bagiire Aggrey Henry]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bagiire Aggrey Henry.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5717757|Henry Banyenzaki]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Banyenzaki Henry.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5724197|Henry Kajura]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kajura, Henry Muganwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5761037|Onek Hilary Obaloker]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hilary Onek (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6076821|Isaac Musumba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2011
| [[File:Salaamu Musumba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6087896|Israel Kibirige Ssebunya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6096678|Ivan Koreta]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ivan Koreta Atlas Drop 11, Soroti, Uganda, April 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6119076|Jacob Oulanyah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 
| [[File:Jacoub Oulanyah (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6129213|James Baba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:James Boliba Baba (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140211|James Mutende]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:2013-Uganda's Minister of State for Industry Shinyabulo-Mutende (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6140434|James Nsaba Buturo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Buturo Nsaba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6150822|Janat Mukwaya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6176542|Odongo Jeje Abubakhar]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006
| 
| [[File:Jeje Odongo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6180999|Jeremiah Twa-Twa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6187078|Alupo Jessica Rose Epel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Alupo Jessica Rose Epel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6187188|Jessica Eriyo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6224194|John Byabagambi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byabagambi John.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6226097|Muyingo John Chrysostom]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Muyingo John Chrysestom.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6250155|John Nasasira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6287007|James Simpson]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:James-Simpson-1962.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6318370|Lumumba Justine Kasule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kasule, Justine Lumumba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6343791|Kabakumba Masiko]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kabakumba, Masiko Labwoni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6346972|Otafiire Kahinda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kahinda Otafiire (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6378429|Katumba Wamala Edward]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Katumba Wamala.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6404722|Kiddu Makubuya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6414662|Kipoi Tonny Nsubuga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 2014
| [[File:Kipoi Tonny Nsubuga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6702541|Nakadama Rukia Isanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lukia Nakadama Isanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6702958|Lulume Bayiga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2007
| 2016
| [[File:Bayigga Michael Philip Lulume.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6761446|Maria Mutagamba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon Dr Maria Emily Lubega Mutagamba, Minister of Tourism, Uganda (26294629095).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6779980|Mary Karooro Okurut]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006
| 2021
| [[File:Mary Karooro Okurut (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6787393|Kasaija Matia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Matia Kasaija profile.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6847499|Mike Kennedy Sebalu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6873258|Miria Matembe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2006
| [[File:Miria-Matembe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6932197|Mugisha Muntu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mugisha Muntu 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6939908|Musa Ecweru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 
| [[File:Ecweru Musa Francis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944303|Muyanja Mbabaali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mbabaali, Muyanja.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6944729|Mwesigwa Rukutana]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6961899|Namirembe Bitamazire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7045634|Nobel Mayombo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7070387|Nusura Tiperu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7089874|Omara Atubo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7175509|Peter Lokeris]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lokeris Teko Peter.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7176147|Peter Nyombi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7301855|Rebecca Otengo Amuge]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7328008|Richard Nduhura]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7329499|Richard Todwong]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7365019|Ronald Kibuule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kibuule, Ronald.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7367874|Rose Namayanja]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006-05
| 2016-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7368409|Rosemary Najjemba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7378868|Rukiya Chekamondo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7383142|Ruth Nankabirwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7403915|Saleh Kamba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7407448|Engola Sam]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7417487|Sandy Stevens Tickodri-Togboa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7422470|Sarah Kataike]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kataike, Sarah Ndoboli.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7422653|Sarah Opendi Achieng]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Achieng Sarah Opendi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7452728|Serapio Rukundo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7459446|Sezi Mbaguta]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7518558|Simon D'Ujanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7518688|Simon Ejua]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7519223|Simon Lokodo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lokodo simon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7608889|Stephen Chebrot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Chebrot Stephen Chemoiko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7635964|Sulaiman Kyebakoze Madada]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7659743|Syda Bbumba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7686751|Tarsis Kabwegyere]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7781207|Thembo Nyombi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7815151|Butime Tom]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Butime Tom Ateenyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7838817|Tress Bucyanayandi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bucyanayandi Tress.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7900065|Urban Tibamanya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Urban Tibamanya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7927031|Victoria Sekitoleko]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Victoria Sekitoleko.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7931970|Vincent Nyanzi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7983291|Werikhe Kafabusa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8023150|Wilson Muruuli Mukasa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mukasa Muruuli Wilson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8069664|Zerubabel Nyiira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15993247|Stephen Mallinga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mallinga Stephen Oscar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16145569|Muhwezi Jim Katugugu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Muhwezi Jim Katugugu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16148125|Charles Angina]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16186361|Mbabazi Jacqueline]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16186459|Rwamirama Bright Kanyontore]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rwamirama Bright Kanyontore.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16187230|Hope Mwesigye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16193010|Kamanda Bataringaya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kamanda, Cos Bataringaya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194600|Dorothy Samali Hyuha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dorothy Hyuha (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194624|Kakooza James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kakooza James.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194683|Mbadi Wilson Mbasu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mbadi Mbasu Wilson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16196528|Evelyn Kaabule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kaabule, Evelyn Naome Mpagi N.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16200545|Jennifer Namuyangu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namuyangu Kacha Jenipher.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16203636|Abraham Byandaala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byandala Abraham James.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16203647|Musasizi Henry Ariganyira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Musasizi Dec 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727764|Loyce Biira Bwambale]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730446|Ssemwanga Joseph]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16745020|Stanislaus Okurut]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16751154|Phillip Wafula Ogutu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16875907|Chris Baryomunsi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006
| 
| [[File:Chris Baryomunsi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17020396|Oliver Wonekha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18353895|Kavuma Samuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Sam Kavuma.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18683782|Concy Aciro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18685795|Drito Martin Andi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Drito Martin Andi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18764172|Judith Babirye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Judith-babirye.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18977763|Jaberi Bidandi Ssali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jaberi Bidandi Ssali.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19276819|Cecilia Ogwal]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1994&lt;br/&gt;2011
| 2006&lt;br/&gt;2016
| [[File:Atim Ogwal Cecilia Barbara.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19364579|Sam Otada]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19609598|Evelyn Anite]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Anite Evelyn.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19609616|Gabriel Ajedra Aridru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ajedra Gabriel Gadison Aridru.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19666374|Vincent Ssempijja]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19666505|Mariam Nalubega]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19667631|Tumwesigye Elioda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Elioda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19667761|Innocent Oula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Innocent Oula.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19668408|Adison Kakuru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19668441|Ibrahim Ssemujju Nganda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ssemujju Ibrahim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19668599|Beti Kamya-Turwomwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Beti Kamya 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19892030|Shem Bageine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19893338|Philemon Mateke]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19893521|Mike Mukula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:AF6A9993.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20127943|Mugira James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mugira James.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684666|Nandala Mafabi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nandala Mafabi Nathan James.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684950|Florence Nebanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nebanda Andiru Florence.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20810576|Dora Byamukama]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21032193|Wanyoto Lydia Mutende]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acting Head of AMISOM, Hon. Lydia Wanyoto-Mutende gives her speech during a press briefing held in AMISOM base camp Mogadishu Somalia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062725|Patrick Mutono]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mutono Patrick Lodoi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22007122|Bakireke Nambooze Betty]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Betty Nambooze.webp|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24565103|Dennis Galabuzi Ssozi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24565843|Sam Cheptoris]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Cheptoris Sam Mangusho.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24565855|Monica Azuba Ntege]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24565886|Baltazar Kasirivu-Atwooki]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kasirivu, Atwoki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572355|Kevinah Taaka Wanaha Wandera]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572616|Aceng Jane Ruth Ocero]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| [[File:Ugandan Health Minister Dr. Jane Aceng (37922701691).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572619|Betty Amongi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon Betty Amongi Ongom WE4D Launch WE4D Launch 2024-306 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572620|Florence Nakiwala Kiyingi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572629|Abdul Nadduli]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572632|William Byaruhanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572633|Esther Mbulakubuza Mbayo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mbayo.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572652|Kwiyucwiny Grace Freedom]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kwiyucwiny Grace Freedom.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572655|Joyce Moriku]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Moriku Joyce Kaducu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572657|Maganda Julius Wandera]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Maganda Julius Samia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572671|Ntabazi Harriet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572683|Moses Kizige]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572701|David Karubanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Karubanga David.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572708|Joy Kabatsi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572730|Ruth Achieng]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572733|Namuganza Persis Princess]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namuganza Persis Princess.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572738|Mary Goretti Kitutu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kitutu Mary Goretti Kimono.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572740|Christopher Kibanzanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572753|Rosemary Seninde]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rosemary Seninde.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572755|Benna Namugwanya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572836|Adrian Tibaleka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572839|Aggrey Bagiire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bagiire Aggrey Henry.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572841|Kyeyune Haruna Kasolo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24572842|Ismael Orot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24668795|Peace Mutuuzo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mutuuzo Peace Regis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851611|Frederick Ngobi Gume]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Frederick Ngobi Gume (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851613|Godfrey Kiwanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Godfrey Kiwanda (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851618|Kania Obiga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Obiga Kania.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851651|Charles Engola]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Okello Charles Patrick Engola Macodwogo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24896277|Herbert Kabafunzaki]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25755641|Felix Kulayigye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27688647|Nabilah Naggayi Sempala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27973946|Oboth Marksons Jacob]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Oboth Marksons Jacob.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28136300|Kirya Balaki Kebba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29618018|Alex Ruhunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ruhunda Alex.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29898231|Vincent Woboya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29913996|Andrew Baryayanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Baryayanga Andrew Aja.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29917557|Paul Amoru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29947195|Otto Edward Makmot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29963755|Michael Tusiime]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tusiime.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30070354|Mariam Naigaga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mariam naigaga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30091390|Allan Ssewanyana]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Allan Ssewanyana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30110261|Akugizibwe Lawrence]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30150061|Richard Gafabusa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gafabusa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30228752|Deo Rwabiita]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30234278|Daudi Ochieng]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30302621|Jack Sabiiti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jack Sabiiti.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323559|Sam Bitangaro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323636|Byibesho Sam]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byibesho.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323658|Jacklet Atuhaire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atuhaire.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30323685|Boaz Ninsiima]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ninsiima Boaz Kasirabo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30899710|Jastine Ayebazibwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30945317|Rosemary Tumusiime]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31153326|Ismail Ogama]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q31213353|Moses Adome]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32538609|Rwakimari Beatrice]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32540570|Paulson Luttamaguzi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33125043|Kassiano Wadri]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q33978057|John Bosco Ikojo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ikojo John Bosco.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34345403|Mulongo Simon]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Simon Mulongo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36490457|Okin Ojara]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Okin P.P Ojara.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36824970|Lawrence Mangusho]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mangusho EBB 278.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37122067|Emma Boona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:HON.BOONA EMMA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38587500|Kiiza Andrew Namitego Kaluya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Andrew Kaluya Cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39059042|Augustine Nshimye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39073765|Isaac Mulindwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Isaac Mulindwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40729759|Agaba Peter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41693469|Nawe Molly Kamukama]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41768539|Agnes Atim Apea]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atim Agnes Apea.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42122025|Doreen Amule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42664267|Winnie Kiiza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006
| 2021
| [[File:Winnie Kiiza.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42759362|Angelline Osegge]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42820085|Adeke Anna Ebaju]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Adeke Anna Ebaju.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42868219|Grace Tubwita]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43267627|Joy Atim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43375707|Akello Lucy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akello Lucy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44231567|Lillian Nakate]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47130307|James Makumbi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50146409|Florence Alice Lubega]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51844074|Hellen Kahunde]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kahunde Helen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52615829|Nabakooba Judith Nalule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Judith Nabakooba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53707363|Jacqueline Amongin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Honorable Jacqueline Amongin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54224710|Ssebugwawo Joyce Juliet]]''
| usombusazwe, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Joyce Nabbosa SSsebuggwawo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54233287|Agnes Nandutu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Nandutu Agnes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54233867|Victoria Mwaka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54874973|Ibrahim Abiriga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2018-06-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55583703|Joyce Mpanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2001
| [[File:Hon. Joyce Mpanga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55584067|Sylvia Rwabogo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56043365|Aol Betty Ocan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2006
| 2026
| [[File:Betty Aol Ocan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56949745|Sylvia Nayebale]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nayebale Sylvia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57824490|Rosette Kajungu Mutambi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57825185|Sheila Mwine Kabaije]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57825198|Adoa Hellen Abeku]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Adoa Hellen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57825270|Molly Lanyero]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57825400|Nabayiga Idah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016&lt;br/&gt;2026-07-08
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57825425|Tophace Kaahwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kaahwa, Tophace Byagira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57826830|Margaret Komuhangi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Komuhangi Margaret.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57828013|Lilly Adong]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57828421|Ajilo Elogu Maria Goretti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57828565|Ababiku Jesca]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Ababiku Jessica 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57828964|Achiro Lucy Otim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57829630|Alum Santa Sandra Ogwang]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| [[File:Alum Santa Sandra.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57829781|Margaret Aachilla Aleper]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aleper, Margaret Achilla.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57829968|Faith Alupo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57830246|Alyek Judith]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| [[File:Alyek Judith.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58003275|Evarlyne Buregyeya Asiimwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58003644|Avur Jane Pacuto]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Avur Jane Pacuto.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58003789|Awor Betty Engola]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Awor Betty Engola.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58041073|Anyakun Esther Davinia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Esther Davinia Anyakun.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58041343|Rama Jacqueline Aol]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58041487|Rose Atima Ayaka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58042010|Margaret Baba Diri]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Baba Diri Margaret.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58042319|Babirye Kityo Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58042467|Mary Babirye Kabanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58042684|Veronica Babirye Kadogo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Babirye Veronica Kadogo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60467181|Among Anita Annet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Anita Annet Among.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60643201|Abigaba Cuthbert Mirembe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Abigaba Cuthbert Mirembe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60745744|Basil Kiiza Bataringaya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Basil Kiiza Bataringaya, 1964.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61642687|Zaake Francis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Francis Zaake.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61662345|Flavia Byekwaso]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Brig. Gen Flavia Byekwaso.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61696432|Susan Lakot]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62060614|Zaitun Driwaru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62067646|Veronica Isala Eragu Bichetero]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62067701|Pamela Nasiyo Kamugo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kamugo Pamela Nasiyo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62068243|Elizabeth Beikiriize Karungi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Karungi, Elizabeth.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62099508|Susan Amero]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 2026
| [[File:Amero Susan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62099975|Loy Katali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62100202|Katushabe Ruth]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62100397|Oliver Katwesigye Koyekyenga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Katwesigye Oliver Koyekyanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62100579|Pauline Kemirembe Kyaka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| [[File:Kemirembe Pauline Kyaka.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62100890|Grace Kesande Bataringaya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kesande Grace Bataringaya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129102|Caroline Kamusiime]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kamusiime Caroline.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129115|Naome Kibaaju]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kibaaju Naome.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129125|Noeline Kisembo Basemera]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kisembo Basemera Noeline.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129153|Agnes Kunihira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Abwoli Kunihira Agnes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129175|Lowila Cd Oketayot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129230|Margaret Mbeiza Kisira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129269|Mirembe Lydia Daphine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62129326|Mutonyi Rose Masaaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62480234|Stella Namoe Nyomera]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Barnabas Nawangwe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62480909|Julie Mukoda Zabwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62481397|Nabbanja Robinah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 
| [[File:Robinah Nabbanja.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62487344|Najjuma Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Najjuma Sarah.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63004552|Wilberforce Kisamba Mugerwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63228590|Beatrice Byenkya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63249359|Odonga Otto]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63314320|Gad Gasatura]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64495988|Ameede Agnes]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ameede Agnes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64757636|Magogo Moses Hassim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Moses Magogo Photo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65013902|Ndeezi Alex]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65984578|Catheline Ndamira Atwakiire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atwakiire Catheline Ndamira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67080123|Everlyn Chemutai]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Chemutai Everlyn.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67080169|Mukisa Robina Hope]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67500811|Margaret Lamwaka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lamwaka Margaret.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67501169|Lamwaka Catherine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lamwaka Catherine 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77586230|Francis Takirwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84558223|Ogwang Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Peter Ogwang (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84702556|Denis Obua]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021&lt;br/&gt;2016
| 2026&lt;br/&gt;2021
| [[File:Obua Denis Hamson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84755125|Kafuuzi Jackson Karugaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kafuuzi Jackson Karugaba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89370497|Rose Kabagyeni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89876044|Mawanda Michael Maranga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mawanda Micheal Maranga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90805964|Hellen Grace Asamo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Asamo, Hellen Grace.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90914975|Safia Juuko Nalule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90916518|Sekindi Aisha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Sekindi Aisha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90920801|Rosemary Nauwat]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 2016
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90923330|Bigirwa Norah Nyendwoha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bigirwa Norah Nyendwoha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90924025|Milly Mugeni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90926112|Christine Nakwang Tubo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nakwang Christine Tubo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90927411|Baguma Spellanza Muhenda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90929827|Osoru Mourine]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Osoru Mourine.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90931389|Sarah Nakawunde]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90932356|Anifa Bangirana]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bangirana Anifa Kawooya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90932931|Kaliisa Jovrine Kyomukama]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2021
| [[File:The Honourable Jovrine Kyomukama Kaliisa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90934802|Nankabirwa Ann Maria]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95451495|Mwine Mpaka Rwamirama]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mwine Mpaka Rwamirama.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95746953|Wekomba Sarah Nambozo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95918194|Janet Grace Akech Okori-Moe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Okori Moe Janet Grace Akech.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96194971|Malende Shamim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Malende Shamim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96235409|Musinguzi Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96769674|Tayebwa Thomas]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tayebwa Thomas.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98733574|Musenero Monica Masanza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105457011|Ssenyonyi Joel Besekezi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Ssenyonyi Joel Besekezi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105666074|Rosemary Nyakikongoro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nyakikongoro Rosemary.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105729903|Mamawi James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mamawi James 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105759499|Anywar Ricky Richard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ricky Richard Anywar ,.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105759549|Beatrice Akello Akori]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akello Beatrice Akori.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105759689|Dorcus Acen]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| [[File:Acan Dorcas.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105759717|Lolem Micah Akasile]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105760383|Paparu Lillian Obiale]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lillian Obiale Paparu passport image.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105761146|Bebona Josephine Babungi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bebona Babungi Josephine.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105825829|Katusiime Annet Mugisha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Katusiime Annet Mugisha.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105825933|Namujju Cissy Dionizia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namujju Cissy Dionizia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105839631|Mugisa Margaret Muhanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mugisa Margaret Muhanga,.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105839655|Rwakoojo Robina Gureme]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rwakoojo Robina Gureme.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105839727|Nyakato Asinansi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nyakato Asinansi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105883576|Jane Awich]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Awich Jane.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105890715|Esther Afoyochan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon Esther Afoyochan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105903344|Jennifer Ayoo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ayoo Jeniffer Nalukwago.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105903749|Namukuta Brenda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namukuta Brenda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105904215|Kinshaba Patience Nkunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kinshaba Patience Nkunda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105904398|Chemutai Phyllis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Chemutai Phyllis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105904450|Atuto Jacinta]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atuto Jacinta.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105906038|Avako Melsa Naima Gule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Avako Melsa Naima Gule.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105906548|Naluyima Betty Ethel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| [[File:Naluyima Betty Ethel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105942517|Jacinta Athieno Ayo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105942528|Akello Rose Lilly]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akello Rose Lilly.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105942809|Obigah Rose]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rose Obinga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105944500|Florence Nambozo Wamala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Wamala Nambozo Florence.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105944681|Mary Begumisa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Begumisa Mary.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105945785|Stella Isodo Apolot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Stella Apolot Isodo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105951002|Natumanya Flora]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Natumanya Flora.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105951100|Nyakato Dorothy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nyakato Dorothy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105951153|Taban Aate Sharifah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Taban Sharifah Aate.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105955350|Auma Kenny]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105955511|Nantongo Fortunate Rose]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nantongo Fortunate Rose.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956270|Acora Nancy Odonga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acora Nancy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956330|Auma Linda Agnes]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Auma Linda Agnes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956412|Nabukenya Brenda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nabukenya Brenda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956483|Okia Joanne Aniku]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956578|Driwaru Jennifer]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Driwaru Jennifer.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956689|Juliet Kakande Nakabuye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nakabuye Juliet Kakande.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105956858|Asiimwe Florence Akiiki]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Florence Asiimwe Akiiki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105958189|Molly Musiime Asiimwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Asiimwe Musiime Molly.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105958498|Medius Kaharata Natukunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105962114|Prossy Akampurira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akampurira Prossy Mbabazi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105962427|Mukhaye Miriam]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mukhaye Miriam.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105962464|Juliet Kyinyamatama Suubi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105962932|Atyang Stella]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atyang Stella.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105963047|Nambooze Teddy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nambooze Teddy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105963103|Nakazibwe Hope Grania]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nakazibwe Hope Grania.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105964879|Annet Nyakecho]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105964981|Acom Alobo Joan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acom Joan Alobo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105965184|Gorreth Namugga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namugga Gorreth.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105965226|Shartsi Musherure Kuteesa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Musherure Shartsi Nayebare Kutesa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105965509|Kevin Ojinga Kaala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kaala Kevin Ojinga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105965895|Santa Okot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Okot Santa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105965987|Abeja Susan Jolly]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Abeja Susan Jolly.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966087|Zomura Manezo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966150|Judith Peace Achan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Achan Judith Peace.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966258|Josyline Kamateneti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kamateneti Josyline.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966331|Kabasharira Naome]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kabasharira, Naome.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966392|Anne Mary Kobugabe Tumwine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tumwine Anne Mary.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966555|Faith Nakut]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966644|Sarah Kayaki Netalisile]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kayagi Sarah Netalisire.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966714|Margret Okunga Makoha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966758|Zawedde Victorious]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Zawedde Victorious.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966807|Sylvia Vicky Awas]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105966841|Achia Remigio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Achia Remigio.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106028285|Mwiru Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mwiru Paul.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106139107|Aber Lillian]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aber Lillian.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106263496|Christine Ayo Achen]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106338475|Margaret Rwabushaija]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106351056|Turyahikayo Kebirungi Mary Paula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106368814|Aogon Silas]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Silas Aogon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106401908|Apolot Christine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Christine Apolot.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106452769|Birungi Carolyn Nanyondo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106612689|Irene Linda Mugisha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Linda Irene.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107169463|Kiryowa Kiwanuka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kiryowa Kiwanuka, ca. 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107337069|Orone Derrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Derrick Orone.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107380106|Sebamala Richard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon. Richard Sebamala.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108127346|Ocan Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ocan Patrick.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108140312|Olanya Gilbert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Olanya Gilbert.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108140336|Akol Anthony]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akol Anthony.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108336637|Moses Okot Jr]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Hon. Bitek Junior.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108367147|Silwany Solomon]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Silwany Solomon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108367160|Nambeshe John Baptist]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nambeshe John Baptist.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108538175|Migadde Robert Ndugwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Migadde Robert Ndugwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108760136|Moses Ogwal]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Ogwal Moses Goli.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108782015|Ojara Martin Mapenduzi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ojara Martin Mapenduzi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109974085|Babirye Milly Babalanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110065116|Kambale Ferigo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kambale Ferigo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110078450|Ayume Charles]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110897671|Okumu Gabriel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110933856|Mugabi Muzaale Martin Kisule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111049857|Lugoloobi Amos]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lugoloobi Amos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111094449|Guma David Gumisiriza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111094566|Godfrey Pereza Ahabwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2001
| 2011
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180419|Nakawuki Susan Nsambu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111180875|Mugasa Grace Mary]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Grace-mary-mugasa-21.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111181361|Oleru Huda Abason]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Oleru Huda Abason.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111322940|Kaboyo Alice]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111325662|Magode Ikuya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111439647|Nangoli Gerald]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nangoli Gerald.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111442160|Wilfred Niwagaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111462677|Joy Ruth Acheng]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhanada]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acheng Joy Ruth.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111530547|Nyamutoro Phiona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Phiona Nyamutooro 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111530895|Kanushu Laura]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kanushu Laura.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111685296|Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Zambaali BulasioMukasa11.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113130474|Ongalo-obote Clement Kenneth]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113130510|Byamukama Fred]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113130513|Kabuye Kyofa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113130517|Mayanja Sam]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113376149|Mathias Mpuuga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2010
| 2026
| [[File:Mathias Mpuuga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115300765|Ngompek Linos]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116547881|Beatrice Kiraso]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2006
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116602976|Anthony Okello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116603638|Angwech Colline]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116603765|Aguti Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116604516|Eunice Otuko Apio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116604844|Beatrice Amongi Lagada]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 2016
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116605534|Silvia Akello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116638520|Godfrey Taire Idhwege]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1996
| 2001
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116638598|Festo Higiro Semajege]]''
| 
| 
| 1989
| 1996
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123135788|Bright Tom Amooti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Bright Tom Amooti.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123483135|Barugahara Balaam]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Balaam Barugahara Ateenyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124145192|Okiding Sam]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:ATMIS Force Commander, Lt. Gen. Sam Okiding Portraits.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124217918|Omara Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124984566|Nsamba Patrick Oshabe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125338138|Akumu Catherine Mavenjina]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akumu Catherine Mavenjina.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125750508|Namutaawe Joan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Namutaawe Joan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126923451|Masaba Karim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130378109|Kiwanuka Sulaiman]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:KIWANUKA SULAIMAN BOBI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130609161|Opio Samuel Acuti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130609323|Obong Vincent Shedrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130616395|Acon Julius Bua]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130626637|Ocen Geoffrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130742217|Paul Kwizera Bucyana]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130742354|John Nizeyimana Kamara]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130742642|Niyonsaba Alex]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130742745|Kwizera Eddie Wa-gahungu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130750970|Nicholas Thadeus Kamara]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131192031|Teira John]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Honourable John Teira.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q132129979|Geoffrey Mutiwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133272910|Luyimbazi Nalukoola Elias]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Luyimbazi Elias Nalukoola.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133502704|Betty Muzanira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133889680|Birungi Annet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134623203|Byamukama Rogers]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134732645|Godfrey Kabbyanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135479058|Byanyima Nathan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byanyima Nathan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135733866|Nkunyingi Muwada]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Nkunyingi Muwada.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135981027|Wakooli Godfrey Matembu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Wakooli Godfrey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136659891|Kyarikunda Loydah Twinomujuni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682385|Tibasiimwa Joram Ruranga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682386|Simon Peter Opolot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682387|Ayoo Tonny]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2011
| 
| [[File:Ayoo Tonny.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682452|Henry Maurice Kibalya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Kibalya Henry Maurice.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682453|Wilson Kajwengye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kajwengye Twinomugisha Wilson.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682531|Simon Peter Wokorach]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Wokorach Simon Peter.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682532|Lubega Bashir Ssempa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Lubega Bashir Ssempa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682546|Alex Bakunda Byarugaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682547|Achayo Juliet Lodou]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682548|Kirumira Hassan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682549|Tebandeke Charles]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682572|Komol Joseph Midi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682575|Twinomujuni Francis Kazini]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682581|Waako Joy Peggy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682582|Midius Natukunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Natukunda Midius.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682587|Grace Aulo Mbabazi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682588|Janat Akorimoe Akech]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682593|Katabaazi Francis Katongole]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| [[File:Katabaazi Francis Katongole.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682624|David Kaggwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682647|Beatrice Akello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136682664|Lokwang Hillary]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lokwang Hillary.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136767424|Kawalya Abubaker]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kawalya Abubaker 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136768743|Ssentayi Muhamad]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Ssentayi Muhamad.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136768744|Sanon Nadeeba Bwiire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136768745|Sam Otukol]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2021
| 2026
| [[File:Otukol Sam.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136910579|Ssewungu Joseph Gonzaga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ssewungu Joseph Gonzaga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136932628|Kayogera Yona]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Kayogera Yona.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956452|Kagabo Twaha Mzee]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Kagabo Twaha Mzee.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136956453|Ssejjoba Isaac]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ssejjoba Isaac.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137821107|Josephat Tumwesigye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137823179|Musisi George]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137856119|Muyonjo Hussein]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137885754|Maseruka Robert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988497|Nakku Fiona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988549|Nassolo Eugenia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988626|Wembabazi Beatrice]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988651|Namulondo Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988668|Namatovu Mastula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988692|Arinaitwe Jeniva]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137988728|Mushabe Rujoki Ruth]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137989675|Nabawanuka Sumayah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137990597|Akifeza Grace Ngabirano]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137990706|Amongin Jane Frances Okili]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991018|Nabirye Annet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991249|Namatende Eunice]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991346|Tibyaze Peace]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991462|Lanyero Christine Awany]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991609|Muhooza Desire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137991682|Tanna Shyam Jay]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137992940|Lwansasula Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137993092|Khalayi Peace]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137993222|Nanzala Metrine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137993385|Mafabi Asha Nabulo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137993772|Pamela Annet Kirungi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137994155|Atukunda Rebecca]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137994254|Enid Origumisiriza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137994327|Onzima Phiona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137995601|Ibaseret Josephine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137996361|Kabarokole Sarah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137996715|Ayoo Janeth Phoebe Obol]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137996942|Ntale Nsereko Madina]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137997004|Khainza Agnes Shiuma]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137999672|Loyda Kyarikunda Twinomujuni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137999857|Joyo Harriet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137999916|Auma Janet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138000223|Mariam Seif]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138000596|Pedun Josephine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138001320|Acom Esther]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138001597|Harriet Nalweende]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138001782|Harriet Anyimo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138003607|Ninsiima Evelyne]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138006535|Namubiru Rwabushaija Margaret]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138024590|Nameere Justine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138028929|Kanyesigye Mercy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138127827|Alinaitwe Sylvia Tumuheirwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138127838|Jeniva Arinaitwe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138132307|Kibaaju Charity Kamuhanda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161330|Sarah Nanyonga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161331|Prossy Nanyonga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161332|Resty Nanyonga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161334|Brenda Aciro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161336|Betty Aciro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161337|Janet Chebet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161339|Prossy Namusisi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161340|Sarah Nabirye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161342|Ruth Namutaawe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161343|Sarah Akol]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161345|Brenda Achieng]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161346|Prossy Katusiime]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161349|Hellen Kyomugisha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161350|Sarah Tumwine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161351|Q138161351]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161352|Joan Kansiime]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161354|Prossy Kabugho]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161355|Janet Kyaligonza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161356|Ruth Kyomugisha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138161357|Grace Nyakato]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138329157|Kasirye Nganda Ali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138329379|Bukenya Michael Iga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138457142|Komakech Christopher]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Komakech Christopher.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138460898|Lugwar Benson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138504850|Jalameso Fred]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138515252|Ediau Samuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138539067|George Didi Bhoka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon.Bhoka Didi George at Uganda Parliament July 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138577188|Lukyamuzi David Kalwanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lukyamuzi David Kalwanga.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138583087|Kyeyune Ivan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138650715|Obong Peter Acuda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138660954|Kasule Ismail]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138751304|Acan Joyce Okeny]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Acan Joyce Okeny.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138751314|Lenia Charity Kevin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138751316|Mutasingwa Diana Nankunda Kagyenyi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138819084|Lilian Nakate]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2016
| 2021
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554750|Aayoo Joyce Makamoe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554774|Acamfua Topista]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554775|Acheng Sandra]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554776|Achia Cathy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554778|Achia Lokiru Gabriel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554779|Achola Catherine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554780|Adidwa Abdu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554781|Adome Francis Lorika]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554782|Aeku Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554783|Agaba Gilbert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554784|Ahebwa Wilber Manyisa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554785|Aine Godfrey Kaguta]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554786|Ajilo Maria Gorretti Elogu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554787|Akorikin Francis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554788|Akoth Angella Nzokire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554789|Akugizibwe Aled Ronald]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554790|Alenyo Marshall Godfrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554791|Alero Tom Aza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554792|Alioni Yorke Odria]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554793|Alyela Denis Omodi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554794|Amaniyo Draville Sheilah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554795|Amanya Cohen Kyampene]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554796|Angura Fredrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554797|Anyango Janet Hope]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554798|Ariko Herbert Edmund Okworo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554799|Arinaitwe Rwakajara Katambuka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554800|Aseera Stephen]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554803|Attan Okia Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554804|Atugonza Allan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554805|Atuhwereire Arthur Kazoora]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554806|Atukunda Rebecca Mubangizi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554807|Atwijukire Boaz]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554808|Atwijukire Dan Kimosho]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554810|Ayagalachi Jamali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554812|Ayepa Michael]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554814|Baatom Ben Koryang]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554815|Babanga Wilfred Erima]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554816|Babula Noel Kataike Matilda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554817|Bagoole Ngobi John]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554818|Bahireira Sylivia Tumwekwase]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554819|Bakashaba Christopher]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554820|Banya Emmanuel Natal]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554822|Baseke Fred]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554824|Batuwa Timothy Lusala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554825|Bazaanya Matayo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554827|Begiira Samuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554828|Begumisa Protazio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554829|Biara Emmanuel Wepukhulu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554830|Bingi Patrick Nyanzi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554832|Bisaso Abdul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554833|Byuma Oswald Dez]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554834|Cadet Benjamin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554835|Challa Elma Kapel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554836|Chandia Benadette Kodili]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554837|Chemonges William]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554838|Cheutich Rufina]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554839|Dramviku Eric Sabiti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554840|Echodu David Calvin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554841|Edakasi Alfred Elalu-olale]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554843|Edopu Peter Edeku]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554844|Ekoro Alex Irukan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554845|Elem Leo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554846|Emaju Peter Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554847|Eron Tonny]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554848|Etilu Margaret]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554849|Ezama Siraji Brahan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554850|Fungaroo Kaps Hassan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554851|Gashaija Shyaka Steven]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554852|Goire Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554853|Gonyi David Robert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554854|Habyara Fortunate]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554856|Ibaseret Josephine Nkibs]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554857|Ibrahim Ibrahim Aisu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554858|Ikiriza Knight]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554859|Ilukol Emmanuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554860|Isamat Abraham]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554861|Isingoma Patrick Mwesigwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554862|Ismail Muhammad Lomwar]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554863|Itungu Sarah Masereka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554864|Kabaasa Balaba Bruce]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554865|Kabanda David]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554866|Kabanda Minsa Nabbengo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554868|Kaheeru Vincent Freedom]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554869|Kahima Moses Mugabe]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554870|Kajwengye Twinomugisha Wilson]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554871|Kaka Lubega Ismail Uthuman]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554873|Kakooza Joseph]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554874|Kalenzi Victor]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554875|Kampanya Abdu Swaibu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554877|Kanaabi Jimmy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554878|Kangwagye Stephen Rwakanuma]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554879|Kankunda Amos Kibwika]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554880|Kansiime Annah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554881|Kapyagon Brian]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554882|Kariisa Johnbosco Koy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554883|Karim Musa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554884|Karubanga Jacob Ateenyi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554885|Karuhanga Gerald Kafureeka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554887|Kasigwa Gerald Bihemaiso]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554889|Kasukaali Methuselah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554890|Kateshumbwa Dicksons]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554891|Katooko Sylvia Damba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554892|Katushabe Doreen Birungi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554893|Katusiime Adrine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554894|Katusiime Jovia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554895|Kenan Opio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554896|Kiconco Katabaazi Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554897|Kiirya Grace Paddy Wanzala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554898|Kiiza Kenneth Nyendwoha]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554899|Kikabi Edward]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554900|Kinalwa James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554901|Kinobere Herbert Tom]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554902|Kiruluuta Yusuf Junior Nkerettanyi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554903|Kisa Stephen Bakubalwayo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554904|Kisekka Salim]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554905|Kitanywa Sowedi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554906|Kiti Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554907|Kitiyo Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554908|Kiwanuka Abdallah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554909|Kiwanuka Keefa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554910|Kiyimba Emmanuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554911|Kizza Hakim Sawula]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554913|Komol Joseph Miidi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554914|Kugonza Emely]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554915|Kungu Samuel Bamuteeze]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554916|Kuteesa Mary Kamuli]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554917|Kuteesa Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554918|Kyarampe Rebecca]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554920|Kyogabiirwe Jackie Muganda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554921|Lakisa Mercy Faith]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554922|Linda Irene]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554923|Locap Peterkhen]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554924|Logose Sarah Annet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554925|Lokii John Baptist]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lokii John Baptist.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554926|Lokoru Albert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554927|Lokoru Stephenson Yoyo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554928|Lokubal Emma]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554930|Loluk Fidelis Logwee]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554931|Longoli Simon Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554932|Lubega George Willy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554933|Lubowa Ssebina Gyaviira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554934|Lugoloobi Willy Bageyente]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554936|Lule Eria Erick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554942|Maala Zahrah Luyirika]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554946|Makumbi Henry Kamya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554947|Malinga Isaac Maikut]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554948|Masaba Muhamood Mutenyo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554949|Masiko Henry Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554950|Matembu Chriss Wataka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554952|Matovu Emmanuel Magoola]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554954|Mayanja Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554955|Mbalibulha Christopher Kibanzanga Taban]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554956|Meeme Sylivia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554958|Modoi Isaac]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Modoi Isaac.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554959|Monday Julius Rude]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554960|Mpaata Salleh]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554961|Mpindi Bumali]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554962|Mubangizi Dedan]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554963|Mudiobole Abedi Nasser]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554964|Mudukoi Fred Oduchu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554965|Mugabe Robert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554966|Muhenda Ronald]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554967|Mujungu Jennifer K]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554968|Mujuni Asensio Maari]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554969|Mukiibi Eriasa Sserunjogi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554971|Mulemya Ismail Sowed]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554972|Mulindwa David Isimbwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554973|Musa Noah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554974|Musanje Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554975|Musila John]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554976|Mutebi Benard Mugoya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554977|Mutego Ronard Hangujja]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554978|Mutekanga Zadock]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554979|Muzaid Khemis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554981|Nabadduka Annet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554984|Nagujja Judith]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139753935|Businge Joab]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Businge Joab.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139754316|Biyika Lawrence Songa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Biyika Lawrence Songa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139763956|Byakatonda Abdulhu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byakatonda Abdulhu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139764000|Byamukama Nulu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Byamukama Nulu Joseph.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780066|Chelangat Alinga Solomon]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Chelangat Alinga Solomon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780080|Chemaswet Abdi Fadhil Kisos]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Chemaswet Abdi Fadhil Kisos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780114|Afidra Ronald Olema]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Afidra Olema Ronald.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780160|Akamba Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Akamba Paul Busiki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780202|Aleper Moses]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aleper Moses.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780242|Nsabimana Paul Asaba]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Asaba Nsabimana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780260|Aseera Stephen Itaza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139780288|Asiimwe Enos Kinywamachunda]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139782548|Atima Jackson Lee Buti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Atima Jackson Lee Buti, Arua Central Division, Arua City (NRM).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139782619|Baka Stephen Mugabi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Baka Stephen Mugabi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139782798|Ekanya Geofrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ekanya Geofrey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139782828|Ekudo Tom Julius]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ekudo Tom Julius.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139960285|Wakabi Pius]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139962576|Basajjassubi Nsereko Charles Kawuma]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139962611|Rugumayo Edson]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140067981|Kasajja George Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140167514|Asiimwe Jonard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140722063|Musinguzi Yona]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Musinguzi Yona.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930641|Ali Siraj]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930655|Bassajja Iddi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930656|Mukalazi Amina]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930657|Mulondo Cissy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930658|Mwesigwa Mathias]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930659|Namara Dennis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930660|Ongu Tar James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930661|Opolot Isiagi Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930662|Tukahirwa James Hunter Byenjeru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140930663|Tumusiime John Bosco]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2026
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554985|Nakisita Betty Mpongo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554986|Nakiyi Julius Muntu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554987|Nakut Faith Loru]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554988|Nakweede Harriet]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554989|Namanya Viola]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554991|Nambaziira Florence]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554993|Nangoli Umar]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554994|Nankwanga Stellamaris]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554995|Naturinda Eliab]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554996|Nayebale Sylivia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554997|Naziiwa Margret]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554998|Ssewagudde Robert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139554999|Nekesa Christine Situma]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555000|Ngabirano Charles]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555001|Ninkusiima John Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555002|Niringiyimana James Ruugi Kaberuka]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555003|Nkrumah Roland]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555005|Nnamara Annet Oyes Byamukama]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555006|Nsegumire Muhamad Kibedi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555007|Nuria Hafsa Teko]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555008|Nyeko Johnson Kezekiya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555010|Ochai Maximus]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555011|Odwori John]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555012|Ofwono Opondo P’odel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555013|Ogama Alli Ismail]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555014|Ogwal Joseph Jones]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555015|Ogwang Patrick Obura]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555016|Ojiit Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555017|Ojok Andrew Oulanyah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555018|Okaasai Sidronius Opolot]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555019|Okello Geoffrey Charles]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555020|Okello Patrick Onguti]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555021|Oketcho George]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555022|Oketcho John Francis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555023|Okeyoh Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555024|Okot Boniface Henry]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555025|Okot Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555026|Okoya John Calvin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555027|Okullo Francis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555028|Okwere David Beecham]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555029|Okwi Constantine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555030|Omoding Emmanuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555031|Oneka Lit Amere Denis]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555032|Ongiertho Emmanuel Jor]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555033|Ongom Patrick]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555034|Ongorok Richard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555036|Opito Vincent]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555037|Opiyo Denish Geoffrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555039|Opolot-okwalinga Simon Peter]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hon Opolot-Okwalinga during a committee session.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555040|Origumisiriza Enid Atuheire]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555041|Oryema Simon Peter Adum]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555042|Ossiya Solomon Alemu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555043|Otim Bernard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555044|Otimgiw Isaac Ismail]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555045|Ottober Wellborn Odiya]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555046|Ouma Willy]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555048|Owere Richard Machika]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555049|Owino Nicholas Simon]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555050|Paak Peter Pex]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555052|Ruteraho Lillian]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555053|Rwashande Emmanuel]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555054|Saazi Godfrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555055|Sange Jackline]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555056|Sekabira Denes]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555057|Senteza Richard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555058|Ssebbugga-kimeze Berunado]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555059|Ssekitoleeko Robert]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555060|Ssemwanga Gyaviira]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555061|Sserukenya David]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555062|Sserunjogi Hassan Mukiibi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555064|Suubi Kyinyamatama Juliet K]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555065|Tayebwa Didas Kabumbuza]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555066|Tete Chelangat Everline]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555067|Tiyo William Taylor Odaa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555068|Tom Aliti Candia]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555070|Tumukunde Henry Kakurugu]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555071|Tumuramye Genensio]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555073|Tumwebaze Mwine]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555074|Tumwesigye Anthony]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555075|Twalla Fadil]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555076|Twesige Stephen]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555077|Twinamasiko Onesimus]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555078|Uhuru Nelson]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555079|Wabusani Steven Makwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555081|Waiswa Joel Azalwa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555083|Wakida Patrick Godfrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555084|Waluswaka James]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555085|Walyomu Moses Muwanika]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555086|Wamakuyu Ignatius Mudimi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555087|Wandera John Paul]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555088|Wandera Sadala]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555089|Wanyama Judas Thadeo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555090|Wanyama Richard]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555091|Wanyenya Shafiga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555092|Wanyoto Godfrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139555094|Wokuri Geofrey]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139674654|Tanna Sanjay]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139719426|Wasswa Lule]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139752461|Okupa Elijah]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Okupa Elijah,.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139752949|Twesigye Nathan Itungo]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Twesigye Nathan Itungo.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>mwibx738yet1h5nu8dks0vqyzc3xrxd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Regions of Guinea</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>10161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127762</id>
      <parentid>100323</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T20:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>127762</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1320" sha1="bk8o1vown5623m5padai889eidnaegd" xml:space="preserve">

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1067116 }
|section=
|sort=label
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Image
! Map
|-
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Boké in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1373230|Conakry Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| [[File:Un aperçu de la ville de conakry.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:Conakry in Guinea (special marker).svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Faranah in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Kankan in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Kindia in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Labé in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Mamou in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| [[File:Nzérékoré in Guinea.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1780649|Siguiri Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| [[File:Guinea Siguiri village.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>bk8o1vown5623m5padai889eidnaegd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Malian universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11163</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127761</id>
      <parentid>123503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T19:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>127761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2212" sha1="bcfc1v6r1tpoubbzms9b15wnmfyhwyw" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q912 Scholia for Mali]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q912 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009378|Mande Studies Association]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130470358|Institut des sciences humaines]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130470358|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130470358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134628663|Africa Power Services]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134628663|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134628663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3348506|AFRISTAT]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3348506|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3348506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3551674|Ségou University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551674|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551674/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>bcfc1v6r1tpoubbzms9b15wnmfyhwyw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Madagascar hospitals</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>12682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127745</id>
      <parentid>126398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T12:26:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>127745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2845" sha1="9vunfv2ynl39hj90f4534z6wosthc3f" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT ?item WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q1019.
}
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135579915|CSB II Belobaka]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135580085|HLA Antanimalandy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135939159|Hôpital Saint Jean‑Paul II]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136028383|CSBI ambohimahasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136031327|CHU tambohobe]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| {{Coord|-21.443854|47.087416|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU TAMBOHOBE.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136031936|Service medical inter Majunga]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123584040|Clinique Medico Chirurgical Anivorano]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| ''[[:d:Q2850203|Anivorano Nord]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Diana Region]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Antsiranana II District]]
| {{Coord|-12.733333|49.233333|display=inline}}
| [[File:Clinique Medico Chirurgical Anivorano 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123515683|CHU Place Kabary Antsiranana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Antsiranana]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Diana Region]]
| {{Coord|-12.268682|49.297638|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU Place Kabary-Antsiranana.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135652656|CHU Tanambao Antsiranana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Antsiranana]]
| {{Coord|-12.284881|49.29135|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU Tanambao Antsiranana.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124660363|Military hospital Antsiranana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| ''[[:d:Q3030875|Antsiranana I]]''
| {{Coord|-12.322728|49.274396|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hôpital Militaire ou HOMI Antsiranana 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123515604|next polyclinique universitaire Antsiranana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Diana Region]]
| {{Coord|-12.319511|49.301384|display=inline}}
| [[File:NEXT Polyclinique Universitaire Antsiranana Madagascar 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136028581|CHU Andrainjato Fianarantsoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Fianarantsoa]]
| {{Coord|21.462405|47.111096|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU Andrainjato.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55615333|Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Antananarivo|i-Antananarivo]]
| {{Coord|-18.919444|47.518333|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hôpital HJRA.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109017999|Centre hospitalier de Soavinandriana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| [[Soavinandriana District]]
| {{Coord|-18.897751|47.543277|display=inline}}
| [[File:Cenhosoa.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>9vunfv2ynl39hj90f4534z6wosthc3f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amasiko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27325</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127760</id>
      <parentid>127733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-22T19:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ngokomchazaluntu */</comment>
      <origin>127760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5935" sha1="8dwfama6b01dge1vfewory5ionwemyp" xml:space="preserve">{{multiple image
| border            = thumb
| perrow            = 1/2
| total_width       = 320
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| image2            = Singapore. Sri Mariamman. Gopuram. South East-19.JPG
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| image3            = Zulu_Culture,_KwaZulu-Natal,_South_Africa_(20325264550).jpg
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| image4            = Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg
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| image5            = Elithi_Sibanyoni_ngesibheqe_sohlamvu.png
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| caption1          = Imidwebo yezimpawu yasendulo lanfuna namuhla sekuyindlela evamile
| caption2          = [[Inkolo]] kanye [[Ubuciko|nobuciko]] ziyizici ezibalulekile zesiko labantu
| caption3          = AmaZulu esina ngokwesiko lawo
| caption4          =  ISikhungo sasendulo i-Acropolis
| caption5          = Izindlela [[Ukubhala|zokubhala]] njengesiBheqe sohlamvu ziletha ubuhlonzi besiko
}}

'''Isiko''' (noma '''usiko''') isicabango esihlanganisa ukuziphatha ngokwenhlalo, Izikhungo nemikhuba engokwenhlalo okutholakala emphakathini yabantu, kanye nolwazi, Izinkolelo, ubuciko, imithetho, izinkambiso, amakhono, izimo zengqondo, ukuziphatha kwabantu emaqenjini abo.&lt;ref name= tyor1871 &gt;Tylor, Edward. (1871). ''Primitive Culture''. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son&lt;/ref&gt; Isiko livame ukuvela nokuba elasendaweni ethile.

Abantu bazuza isiko ngokufundiswa ngesiko nokuxhumana nalo, okuyinto eyenzeka emasikweni ahlukene. Imikhuba yesiko ithathwa njengemithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini; iyisiqondiso sokuziphatha, ukugqoka, ulimi, nokuzotha esimeni esithile, futhi iyisifanekiso sendlela efanele emphakathini. Ukwamukela ukuthi kunesiko elilodwa eqenjini lomphakathi kuyingozi, njengoba nomqhinqa owodwa kulula ukuthi ushabalale ngenxa nokuguqula kwemvelo, nokuswela izindlela sokusabela ezizosebenzisa uma kunezinguquko.&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203&lt;/ref&gt; Ingakho ngokwesiko lezempi, isibindi sithatha njengokucondoza okuvamile, futhi imfanelo, udumo, nobuqotho eqenjini lezenhlalo kuyizilungo noma ukusabela okusebenzayo lapho kunempi eqhubekayo. Ngokwenkolo, kunemidanti ethathwa njengesiko ehlonza amakholwa.

Inguquko engokwesiko, iwukwakhiwa kabusha kwemicabango sesiko emphakathini. Amasiko akhinyabezwa ngaphakathi yiziphoqi ezikhuthaza izinguquko kanye nayiziphoqi ezizabalaza ngokumelene nezinguquko. Amasiko ayakhinyabezeka kakhulu lapho ethintana nezinye imiphakathi.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne[[UNESCO]] zilinga ukukhweza amasiko namagugu esiko.

== Ngokomchazaluntu ==
Yize abachaziluntu emhlabeni wonke bebhekisela encasiselweni yamasiko kaTylor &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tre saggi sull'antropologia dell'età coloniale |language=it |last=Angioni |first=Giulio |author-link=Giulio Angioni |date=1973 |oclc=641869481}}&lt;!-- original citation was [[Giulio Angioni]], ''L'antropologia evoluzionistica di Edward B. Tylor'' in ''Tre saggi...'' cit. in ''Related Studies'', please check and remove this note --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  ngekhulu lama-20 elithi &quot;isiko&quot; lavela njengomqondo ophakathi futhi ohlanganisayo [[Umchazaluntu|womchazaluntu]] waseMelika, lapho livame kakhulu ukubhekisa emandleni omuntu jikelele wokuhlukanisa nokufaka ulwazi lomuntu ngokufanekisa, nokukhulumisana ngokomfanekiso okuhlangenwe nakho okufakiwe emphakathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Teslow |first=Tracy |title=Constructing race: the science of bodies and cultures in American anthropology |year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-60338-3 |oclc=980557304}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Umchazaluntu waseMelika uhlelwe waba imikhakha emine, ngamunye udlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni ngamasiko: umchazaluntu weziphili, umchazaluntu wolimi, umchazaluntu wamasiko, eUnited States naseCanada, imivubukulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122150855/https://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-01-22 |title=anthropology |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |title=anthropology |last1=Fernandez |first1=James W. |last2=Hanchett |first2=Suzanne L. |date=August 31, 2015 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=October 30, 2016 |last3=Jeganathan |first3=Pradeep |last4=Nicholas |first4=Ralph W. |last5=Robotham |first5=Donald Keith |last6=Smith |first6=Eric A. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030210125/https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |title=What is Anthropology? – Advance Your Career |publisher=American Anthropological Association |access-date=October 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026173505/http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=McBride |first2=Bunny |last3=Prins |first3=Harald E. L. |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |date=2011 |publisher=Wadsworth/Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81082-7 |oclc=731048150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi &quot;izibuko zesiko&quot; elaqanjwa isazi semvelaphi nesintu saseJalimane waseMelika uFranz Boas, sibhekisa &quot;ezififiyelweni&quot; esibona ngazo isiko lethu. UMartin Lindstrom uqinisekisa ukuthi izibuko zesiko, zivumela ukuthi sizwisise ngesiko esihlala kulo, &quot;futhi&quot; zingasiphuphuthekisa ezintweni abantu bangaphandle abaziphawula ngokushesha&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Small data: the tiny clues that uncover huge trends |date=2016 |last=Lindström |first=Martin |isbn=978-1-250-08068-4 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=London |oclc=921994909}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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[[File:Evolution_36_mail.png|right|thumb| Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.]]
'''Umbikombani''' owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-'''[[:en:Email|email]]''' kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Electrical_device|izisebenziso zombani]] (&quot;''electronic devices''&quot;). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
[[File:(at).svg|thumb| Uphawu oluthi &quot;''ku''&quot;, noma &quot;''at''&quot; ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)]]
Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi]], ikakhulukazi [[Intanethi|kuxhakaxholo]], kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe ''(deliver)'', futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi ''(mail)'' noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu ''(webmail interface)'' ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi ''(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)'' ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi incwazuba

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zezincwazuba ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971uxhoxho lwencwazuba lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yencwazuba ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zencwazuba ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.</text>
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        <id>16873</id>
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[[File:Evolution_36_mail.png|right|thumb| Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.]]
'''Umbikombani''' owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-'''[[:en:Email|email]]''' kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Electrical_device|izisebenziso zombani]] (&quot;''electronic devices''&quot;). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
[[File:(at).svg|thumb| Uphawu oluthi &quot;''ku''&quot;, noma &quot;''at''&quot; ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)]]
Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi]], ikakhulukazi [[Intanethi|kuxhakaxholo]], kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe ''(deliver)'', futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi ''(mail)'' noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu ''(webmail interface)'' ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi ''(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)'' ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zezincwazuba ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971uxhoxho lwencwazuba lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yencwazuba ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zencwazuba ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.</text>
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[[File:Evolution_36_mail.png|right|thumb| Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.]]
'''Umbikombani''' owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-'''[[:en:Email|email]]''' kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Electrical_device|izisebenziso zombani]] (&quot;''electronic devices''&quot;). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
[[File:(at).svg|thumb| Uphawu oluthi &quot;''ku''&quot;, noma &quot;''at''&quot; ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)]]
Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi]], ikakhulukazi [[Intanethi|kuxhakaxholo]], kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe ''(deliver)'', futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi ''(mail)'' noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu ''(webmail interface)'' ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi ''(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)'' ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zemibikombani ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971 uhleloxhumano lonbikonbani lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yombikombani ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zemibikomvani ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zemibikombani ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971 uhleloxhumano lonbikonbani lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yombikombani ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa iNcwazuba elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zemibikomvani ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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      <comment>Replaced content with &quot;#Redirect [[Umbikombani]]  == Ukuchazwa kwebizo == Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.  ==Amaphatho==&quot;</comment>
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== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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== Ukuchazwa kwebizo ==
Ibizo elithi umbikombani liyibizombaxa elihlanganisa elithi ''Umbiko + mbani''.</text>
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    <title>Umbikombani</title>
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[[File:Evolution_36_mail.png|right|thumb| Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.]]
'''Umbikombani''' owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-'''[[:en:Email|email]]''' kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Electrical_device|izisebenziso zombani]] (&quot;''electronic devices''&quot;). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
[[File:(at).svg|thumb| Uphawu oluthi &quot;''ku''&quot;, noma &quot;''at''&quot; ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)]]
Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi]], ikakhulukazi [[Intanethi|kuxhakaxholo]], kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe ''(deliver)'', futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi ''(mail)'' noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu ''(webmail interface)'' ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi ''(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)'' ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zemibikombani ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971 uhleloxhumano lonbikonbani lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yombikombani ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa Umbikombani elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zemibikomvani ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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[[File:Evolution_36_mail.png|right|thumb| Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.]]
'''Umbikombani''' owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-'''[[:en:Email|email]]''' kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa [[:en:Electrical_device|iziklamo zamazuba]] (&quot;''electronic devices''&quot;). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye  nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.
[[File:(at).svg|thumb| Uphawu oluthi &quot;''ku''&quot;, noma &quot;''at''&quot; ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)]]
Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi]], ikakhulukazi [[Intanethi|kuxhakaxholo]], kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe ''(deliver)'', futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi ''(mail)'' noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu ''(webmail interface)'' ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi ''(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)'' ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

== uMlando ==
Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;thvv&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.multicians.org/thvv/mail-history.html|title=The History of Electronic Mail|author=Tom Van Vleck}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu  neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zemibikombani ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971 uhleloxhumano lonbikonbani lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yombikombani ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa Umbikombani elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zemibikomvani ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa</title>
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      <comment>/* Abaqondisi bakaZwelonke ebaNdlule */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5224" sha1="0311yrmvak4q8vh07x0d22lf84eeiyt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox government agency
| logo            = National Prosecuting Authority logo.svg
| formed          = {{Start date and age|1998|df=yes}}
| jurisdiction    = [[INingizimu Afrika]]
| headquarters    = [[Silverton, Pretoria]]
| employees       = 4 500
| budget          = R4.956 billion (2022-23)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NPA Annual Report 2022-23 |url=https://www.npa.gov.za/sites/default/files/uploads/NPA%20Annual%20Report%202022-23.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| minister1_name  = [[Mmamoloko Kubayi]]
| minister1_pfo   = [[UNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo]]
| chief1_name     = [[Andy Mothibi]]
| chief1_position = uMqondisi Kazwelonke Wezokushushiswa Komphakathi
| parent_department = [[UMnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo]]
| keydocument1    = [[UMthetho Wesiphathimandla Sezokushushiswa Kuzwelonke, 1998]]
| website         = {{URL|https://www.npa.gov.za}}
}}
[[Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa]] ([[isiNgisi]]: ''National Prosecuting Authority'', ngokufushane: i-NPA) iyisikhungo sika[[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika|Hulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] esiphenya futhi esishushisa amacala [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. I-NPA isungulwe nguMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika ngeowe-1996. Futhi, [[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|iPhalamende laseNingizumu Afrika]] lashaya Umthetho wePhalamende wesi-32 ka-1998 weSiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa ukuchaza nokwandisa amandla nomsenbenzi wayo. Umholi weNPA nguMqondisi kaZwelonke wezokuShushiswa komPhakathi, okwamanje ngu-Shamila Batohi. Umqondisi kaZwelonke uqokwa ng[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]] ukuphatha iminyaka eyishumi. Ilunga legatsha lokuphatha elibhekane nezindaba ezihambelana ne-NPA nguNgqongqoshe woBulungiswa nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo. Iziqonga zonke zeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika zinoMqondisi wezokuShushiswa komPhakathi osebenze njengomphathamandla wendawo engaphansi kwalesosigaba seNkatolo ePhezulu mayelana zobulungiswa.

== Ubuholi ==
Inhloko nomholi we-NPA nguMqondisi kaZwelonke wezokuShushiswa womPhakathi. Uqokwa nguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika. Uphatha imiyaka eyishumi kuphela. Ngaphansi kwakhe kunamaQondisi wezokuShushiswa womPhakathi abanegunya lokushushisa amacala endwaneni eqondane nendawo lapho khona isiqonga sesigaba seNkantolo ePhezulu inamandla okuhlulela ukudluliswa kwamacala khona. Umngcele wendawo ebasebenza kuyo uvame ukuhambelana nezifundazwe.

== Abaqondisi bakaZwelonke ebaNdlule ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu labaqondisi bakazwelonke
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Isikhathi sokuphatha
!Igama
!Uqokwe ngu
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 uNcwaba 1998 – uNhlangulana 2004
|[[Bulelani Ngcuka]]
|[[Nelson Mandela]]
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Silas Ramaite (uphethe isikhashane)''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Thabo Mbeki]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 uNhlolanja 2005 – 23 uMandulo 2007
|[[Vusi Pikoli]]
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Mokotedi Mpshe (uphethe isikhashane)''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |uLwezi 2009 – uMfumfu 2012
|[[Menzi Simelane]]
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Jacob Zuma]]
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''[[Nomgcobo Jiba]] (uphethe isikhashane)''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 uMfumfu 2013 – 11 uNhlaba 2015
|[[Mxolisi Nxasana]] 
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Silas Ramaite (uphethe isikhashane)''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |18 uNtulikazi 2015 – 13 uNcwaba 2018
|[[Shaun Abrahams]]
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Silas Ramaite (uphethe isikhashane)''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 uNhlolanja 2019 – February 2026
|[[Shamila Batohi]] 
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1 uNhlolanja 2026 – present
|[[Andy Mothibi]] 
|}

== Izinxenye ==
Isiphathamandla sikaZwelonke sezokuShushiswa sinezinxenye esiqonda nomkhakha othile wokuphenya ubugebengu nokushushisela umbuso amacala njengokulandelayo:

* Isikhungo sokuBamba iMpahla: Sivumelekile ukuthi sibambe impahla yabantu nezinhlangano futhi nokunikela leyompahla embusweni edabeni elimayelana ubugebengu noma ukuphikisana emthethweni womphakhathi. Lokhu ikwenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla yezigebengu iyadayiswa ukunxephezela abantu abahlushwe ubugebengu.
* Ubugebengu nokuPhenya Okumelane neNkohlakalo: Buphenya amacala aqondane nokusebetshenziswa kwemali nokuphatha amandla embusweni ngedlela ekhohlakele.
* Isikhungo samaCala weCansi neziNdaba zoMphakathi: Siphenya futhi sishushise amacala ocansi, ukuvikela nokuletha ubulungiswa ebantwini kakhulukazi abesifazane, izingane nabaxhwalile ebahlushwe udlame lwasendlini nolwecansi. Futhi, siqinisekisa ukuthi imali yokuwondla izingane iyakhokhwa.
* Ihhovisi lokuVikela abaFakazi: Lisebenza ukuvikela nokuphephisa abantu abanobufakazi edabeni oluthile ekuhambeni kwamacala aphambili kwezinkantolo. Luqinisekisa ukuthi abafakazi abasencupheni noma ebahlukumezwayo baphephile ukuze bembule okuthile.
* Isikhungo sokuPhikisana ubuGebengu oBubalulekile: Sisebenza ukushushisa nokuphenya amacala aqhamuka emthethweni ethile njengoMthetho waseRoma (amacala njengokucindezela amalungelo nokubhubhusa umphakathi noma uhlanga lwabantu). Futhi ibhekane namacala okulekela kwamaButho wamanye amazwe noma izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ubudlova ukudala ukwesaba nokuphoqa ushintsho embusweni, okwandisa noma ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezikhali ezingajwayelekanga nezijwayelekile.</text>
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      <text bytes="13784" sha1="p80mpqw07qlj6eqw2yebndy5b992noe" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Adult literacy rates, Our World in Data.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Amazinga ekhonombhalo kubantu abadala ngowezi-2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Adult literacy rate |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/literacy-rate-adults?time=latest |access-date=5 September 2025 |website=Our World in Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Ikhonombhalo''' ''(literacy'': noma '''ikhonokufunda''', '''ikhonomazwi''') lichazwa ngokuthi isivamelo noma ikhono [[Ukufunda|lokufunda]] umbhalo [[Ukubhala|nokubhala]] umbhalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{ citation | title = Webster's New World Dictionary | location = New York | publisher = [[Grand Central Publishing|Warner Books, Inc.]] | date = 1984 | isbn = 0-446-31450-1 | ref = {{harvid|Webster|1984}} }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Leli gama lihlanganisa ukwazi ukuhlonza, ukuqonda, ukuhlakahla, ukudala, ukuxhumana, nokusebenzisa umbhalo obhaliwe ngezindlela ezenza abantu bakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokukhabangulayo emphakathini futhi bafezekise izimpokophelo zabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gee |first=James |author-link=James Paul Gee |year=1991 |title=Socio-Cultural Approaches to Literacy (Literacies) |journal=Annual Review of Applied Linguistics |volume=12 |pages=31–48 |doi=10.1017/S0267190500002130 |s2cid=146415110}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukwanda kwekhonombhalo kuyamaniswa eduze nokuqanjwa nokwanda kwezimiso zokubhala, ukwanda kwemfundo, nokuguquka kwezobuchwepheshe. Amazinga ekhonombhalo ayaqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngekhulu lama-20, nakuba kunokungalingani phakathi kwamazwe, izifunda namaqembezizwe, ngokukhethekile lapho kuthintwa ubulili nofikelelo kwezemfundo. 

Ngenxa yokuthi ikhonombhalo liyisisekelo kwezemfundo, ekuhlanganyeleni kwezomnotho nasemphakathini, liyisihloko socwaningo oluxubuqeqesho olubanzi, futhi incasiselo yalo nesilinganiso salo, yizihloko izifundiswa eziphikisana ngazo. 

Amanye amakhono ahlobene nekhonombhalo ahlanganisa [[Ikhonombhalo elisebenzayo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Dijanošić |first=B. |year=2009 |title=Prilozi definiranju pojma funkcionalne pismenosti |trans-title=Contributions to the definition of functional literacy |url=http://www.andragosko.hr/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/1-2009.pdf#page=25 |journal=Journal of the Croatian Andragogy Society |language=Croatian |pages=25–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Réka |first1=Vágvölgyi |last2=Bergström |first2=Aleksandar |last3=Bulajić |first3=Maria Klatte |last4=Falk |first4=Huettig |date=May 2019 |title=Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework |journal=Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie |volume=30 |issue=2 |page=111 |doi=10.1024/1016-264X/a000255 |s2cid=191662777 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; kanye nekhonombhaloningi (''multiliteracies''), kuyilapho kunamakhona akhethekile ahilela ulwazi ahlanganisa ikhonolwazi lezezibhangqiwe (''digital literacy''), ikhonolwazi lezinsizakuxhumana (''media literacy''), nekhonolwazi lezempilo (''health literacy'').

==Incasiselo==
{{Reading}}
[[File:World illiteracy 1970-2010.svg|upright=1.2|thumb|Ukuswela ikhonombhalo kwancipha bgesigamu emhlabeni phakathi kowe-1970 nowezi-2015.]]
[[File:Literacy-rate.svg|upright=1.2|thumb|Inani labantu emhlabeni abanekhonombhalo nabangenalo, emva kwesikhathi esithile]]

Izinhlobonhlobo zezincasiselo zekhonombhalo ezisetshenziswa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, izikhungo zenqobumqomo, kusukela ngowe-1990 zisikisela ukuthi ukuqonda okuguqukayo okusukela &quot;kwikhono lokuhlukanisa&quot; kuya &quot;kumkhuba wezenhlalo&quot; kuyaqhubeka futhi akulingani. Ezinye izincasiselo ziyamaniswa eduze nomqondo evamile othi &quot;ikhono lokufunda nokubhala&quot;, kuyilapho ezinye zinombono obanzi:
* Ngowezi-2015, ISigaba seZibalomininingo [[Izizwe eziHlangene|se-UN]] sachasisa amazinga ekhonombhalo lentsha ngokuthi &quot;amaphesenti enanisamba esineminyaka eli 15–24  elikwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngokuqonda umushwana nsukuzonke.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Millennium Goals Indicator 2015 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=656 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816003157/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=656 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=2 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngowezi- 2016, INhlangano ebizwa ''European Literacy Policy Network'' yachasisa Ikhonombhalo ngokuthi &quot;ikhono lokufunda nokubhala [...] kuzo zonke izinsizakuxhumana (ezinyatheliswayo noma zogesi), kuhlanganisa nkhonolwazi lezezibhangqiwe.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=EUROPEAN DECLARATION OF THE RIGHT TO LITERACY, European Literacy Policy Network |url=http://www.eli-net.eu/fileadmin/ELINET/Redaktion/user_upload/European_Declaration_of_the_Right_to_Literacy2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815234944/http://www.eli-net.eu/fileadmin/ELINET/Redaktion/user_upload/European_Declaration_of_the_Right_to_Literacy2.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngowezi-2018, i-UNESCO yahlanganisa  &quot;izisetshenziswa ezinyathelisiwe nezibhaliwe&quot;  &quot;zomongo ongafani&quot; kuncasiselo yayo yekhonombhalo, i.e., &quot;ikhono lokuhlonza, ukuqonda, ukuhlakahla, ukudala, ukuxhumana nokucikiza, ngokusebenzisa izisetshenziswa ezinyathelisiwe nezibhaliwe eziyamaniswa nomongo ohlukahlukene.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-10-18 |title=Defining literacy, UNESCO |url=http://gaml.uis.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/4.6.1_07_4.6-defining-literacy.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ngowezi-2019, INhlangano ebizwa OECD, yenza inhlolovo yamakhono abantu abadala, ehlanganisa &quot;iziqakaqo ezibhaliwe&quot; encasiselweni yayo yekhonombhalo, i.e., &quot;ikhono lokuqonda, ukucubungula, ukusebenzisa nokuhlaziya imibhalo ukuze umuntu ahlanganyele emphakathi, afezekise izimpokophelo, futhi akhulise ulwazi nodliki lwakhe.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;PIAAC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2019 |title=Skills matter, PIAAC, OECD |url=http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publications/Skills_Matter_Additonal_Results_from_the_Survey_of_Adult_Skills_ENG.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Skills Matter: Additional Results from the Survey of Adult Skills, OECD Skills Studies, OECD |year=2019 |publisher=OECD |isbn=978-9-264-79900-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phezu kwalokho, ithi ubuphicinani nokuxazulula izinkinga kungamakhono aseceleni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies |url=https://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Esikhundleni sokuchasisa &quot;ikhonombhalo&quot;, uSarah Gudschinsky wachazisa umuntu obhekwa njengonekhonombhalo noma ofundile: &quot;Lowo muntu ufundisiwe, uma, ngolimi alukhulumayo ekwazi ukufunda ngokuqonda noma yini abezoyiqonda Uma ikhulunywa kuye; futhi ekwazi ukubhala ukuze lifundwe, noma yini ayibhalayo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Gudschinsky, Sarah. (1976). ''Literacy: the Growing Influence of Linguists''. The Hague: Mouton.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Ezinye Izinhlangano zingahlanganisa namakhono afana nobuphocinani namakhono wezobuchwepheshe eduze namakhono wekhonimbhalo;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Literacy and numeracy |publisher=Alberta Education |url=https://education.alberta.ca/literacy-and-numeracy/about-literacy-and-numeracy/}}&lt;/ref&gt; noma kunjalo ezinye zigcizelela ukuzobandakanya okukhulayo kwezicikicizi nezobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe kwezokuxhumana ezingamakhono engeziwe  (e.g., Ukuxhakana [[Isiphequluli|ngeziphequluli]] nezinhlelo [[Isidludlungi mazwi|zokudludlungamazwi]], ezihlelemba futhi ziguqule izihele zezichoyo, njll.).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kress |first=Gunther R. |title=Literacy in the new media age |url=https://archive.org/details/literacyinnewmed0000kres |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-25356-7 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Abanye abacwaningi bachasisa Ikhonombhalo ngokuth &quot;izindlela ezikhethekile zokucabanga nokufunda nokubhala&quot; ngenhloso yokuqonda nokuveza imicabango noma amasu ngendlela ebhaliwe emongweni ethile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Street |first=Brian |title=Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |location=London |page=11 |chapter=Introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Rowsell |first1=Jennifer |title=The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies |last2=Pahl |first2=Kate |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-367-50172-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokwalombono, abantu bemiphakathi efundile inamaqoqo emikhuba yokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa imibhalo, futhi banezinkolelo ngalemikhuba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Calvet |first=Louis-Jean |title=Towards an Ecology of World Languages |url=https://archive.org/details/towardsecologyof0000calv |publisher=Polity |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-745-62956-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukufunda, ngokwalombono, kusho ukufunda okuthile ngenjongo ethile; ukubhala kuhlezi kungukubhala okuthile okuzofundwa othile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lankshear |first1=Colin |title=A New Literacies Sampler |url=https://archive.org/details/newliteraciessam0000unse |last2=Knobel |first2=Michelle |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-820-49523-1 |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/newliteraciessam0000unse/page/2 2] |chapter=Sampling the 'New' in New Literacies}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinkolelo nokubhala nokufunda nesizima sako emphakathini nakumuntu ngamunye kuzohlezi kunethonya endleleni ikhonombhalo elifundiswa ngayo, lifundwe ngayo, njll.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lindquist |first=Julie |title=Keywords in Writing Studies |publisher=Utah State UP |year=2015 |location=Logan |pages=99–102 |chapter=Literacy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukufunda imibhalo kuyisisekelo sezindlela zokuxhumana. Kusukela ngowe-1940, kwavela izinhlobo zekhonombhalo, ezibizwa ikhonolwazi, ngoba kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ikhono elithile kulowo mkhakha, ezifana:
* Ikhonolwazi lesicikizi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of computer literacy |url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/computer-literacy |website=PCMAG}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=COMPUTER-LITERACY |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/computer-literacy}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Ikhonolwazi lenzululwazi
* Ikhonolwazi lezibalomininingo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ISLP |url=http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~iase/islp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227065148/http://www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~iase/islp/ |archive-date=27 December 2008 |access-date=19 December 2008 |website=www.stat.auckland.ac.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lokugxeka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Selber |first=Stuart |title=Multiliteracies for a Digital Age |url=https://archive.org/details/multiliteraciesf0000selb |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-809-32551-1 |location=Carbondale}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lezinhlekelele – Unongo oluphakanyisiwe lekhono lokuqonda nokusebenzisa ukwaziswa okulusizo, oluhlanganisa nesivamelo sokusabela nokutakula lapho kunenhlekelele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Lisa M. |last2=Haun |first2=Jolie N. |last3=Peterson |first3=Lindsay |date=2014 |title=A Proposed Disaster Literacy Model |journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=267–275 |doi=10.1017/dmp.2014.43 |issn=1935-7893 |pmid=24992944 |s2cid=24971741}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2014-06-08 |title=A proposed disaster literacy model |pmid=24992944 |last1=Brown |first1=L. M. |last2=Haun |first2=J. N. |last3=Peterson |first3=L. |journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=267–275 |doi=10.1017/dmp.2014.43 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lempiliswano&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Ecological Literacy: Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World |url=https://archive.org/details/ecologicallitera0000orrd |year=1991 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-791-40874-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Ikhonolwazi lezezimali
* Ikhonolwazi lezempilo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=What Is Health Literacy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Zarcadoolas-2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Zarcadoolas |first1=C. |title=Advancing health literacy: A framework for understanding and action |url=https://archive.org/details/advancinghealthl0000zarc |last2=Pleasant |first2=A. |last3=Greer |first3=D. |publisher=Jossey-Bass |year=2006 |location=San Francisco, CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Addressing Difficulties in Literacy Development: Responses at Family School Pupil and Teacher Levels |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-315-01571-2 |editor-last=Reid |editor-first=Gavin |editor-last2=Soler |editor-first2=Janet |editor-last3=Wearmouth |editor-first3=Janice |editor-link3=Janice Wearmouth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lezindimi – Ikhono lokufunda, ukubhala, ukuqonda nokukhuluma ezinye izindimi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ravid |first1=Dorit |author-link=Dorit Ravid |last2=Tolchinsky |first2=Liliana |year=2002 |title=Developing Linguistic Literacy: a Comprehensive Model |journal=Journal of Child Language |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=417–447 |doi=10.1017/S0305000902005111 |pmid=12109379 |s2cid=9831188}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lezinsizakuxhumana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Association for Media Literacy Education |url=https://namle.net/ |website=namle.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lezombusazwe
* Ikhonolwazi lezenhlalo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 2019 |title=9 Ways to Teach Social Skills in Your Classroom, Reading Rockets |url=https://www.readingrockets.org/article/9-ways-teach-social-skills-your-classroom}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Ikhonolwazi lomchazazibalo, elibizwa  [[Ubuphicinani]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carnegie-2021&quot; /&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lokubukwayo, e.g., uLimi lomzimba, izithombe, amabalazwe, namavidiyo&lt;ref name=&quot;Zarcadoolas-2006&quot; /&gt;
* Ikhonolwazi lomculo – libhekisela ezinhelweni ezinqunyiwe zolwazi kwezomculo nobugagu.&lt;ref&gt;p. 3. Csíkos, Csaba, and Gabriella Dohány. &quot;Connections between music literacy and music-related background variables: An empirical investigation.&quot; ''Visions of Research in Music Education'' 28, no. 1 (2016): 2.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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    <title>Umchazanhlalo</title>
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      <text bytes="1735" sha1="aevmcqcrt6z0w6zxekn7i2dd3cd27s1" xml:space="preserve">'''Umchazanhlalo''' yigama elihumusha elithi ''sociology''(lisuka kwisiLathini: ''socius''- umphakathi; isiGriki: ''logos'': isifundo) lisho isifundo senzululwazi somphakathi wabantu esigxile emphakathini, ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini, izindlela zobudlelwano bomphakathi, ekuxhumaneni nabantu, kanye nemikhakha yesiko ehlobene nokuphila kwemihla ngemihla.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology &quot;sociology&quot;]. Retrieved 20 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary of the Social Sciences (2008) [2002]. Calhoun, Craig (ed.). [https://www.asanet.org/wp-content/uploads/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology &quot;Sociology&quot;]. New York: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]] – via [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Sociology: A 21st Century Major]&quot; (PDF). ''Colgate University''. [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]]. Archived from [https://www.colgate.edu/404-page-not-found the original] (PDF) on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi ''sociology'' laqanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulunyaka le-18 ukuchaza ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lomphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;Fauré, Michel; Guilhaumou, Jean-Pierre; Vallier, Christian (1999). ''Sieyès et l'invention de la sociologie''. Presses Universitaires de France. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2130497499|ISBN 978-2130497499]]. &lt;code&gt;[[:en:Template:Cite_book|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite book}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]&lt;/code&gt;: Check &lt;code&gt;|isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: see checksum (help)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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      <text bytes="5597" sha1="jzsydtrgxwg03ychf7ft5zu8fm7v39o" xml:space="preserve">'''Umchazanhlalo'''  uyisifundo senzululwazi somphakathi wabantu esihlozinga ukuziphatha kwabo, isifanelo zobudlelwane abanabo, ukwenanana kwabo ngokwenhlalo, nezici zesiko eziyamaniswa jempilo yansuku zonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology |title=sociology |access-date=20 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dictionary of the Social Sciences |date=2008 |orig-date=2002 |editor-last=Calhoun |editor-first=Craig |title=Sociology |url=http://www.asanet.org/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |via=American Sociological Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sociology: A 21st Century Major |url=https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Colgate University |publisher=American Sociological Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Inzululwazi yezenhlalo|Njengenzululwazi yezenhlalo]], umchazanhlalo usebenzisa izindlelasu zocwaningo olufuna ubufakazi nesihlaziyo esigxekayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ashley |first1=David |first2=David M. |last2=Orenstein |year=2005 |title=Sociological Theory: Classical Statements |edition=6th |place=Boston |publisher=Pearson Education}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|3–5}} ukuze ukhulise indikimba yolwazi ephathekene ngohlelo kwezenhlalo nenguquko yezenhlalo. Izihlokondaba zomchazanhlalo zihlanganisa isihlaziyo sezinga elincane sokwenanana kwabantu ngabanye and agency kuya kwisihlaziyo sezinga elikhulu sezimiso zezenhlalo nohlaka lwezenhlalo. Ucwaningo lwezenhlalo olusebenzayo lona lungaqondiswa kwinqubomgomo yezenhlalo nenhlakahle, kuyilapho izinsondelo zomchachiso zona zingahlozinga ekuqondeni imidludlungu yezenhlalo nendlelasu yesimongotho.

Ngokuvamile umchazanhlalo uhlozinga ukungwinbaniswa kwezenhlalo, Isigaba sezenhlalo, ukuntinta kwezenhlalo, umchazanhlalo wenkolo, ezomhlaba, umchazanhlalo wezomthetho, ubulili, ubulilisiqu, uhlanga, imikhuba yezenhlalo, nomhlanglatho. Ucwaningo lakamuva lujobelele izici zobuchwephenhlalo zegebe lezezibhangqiwe njengenhlozingo entsha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Jianghua |date=2023-11-13 |title=Beyond structural inequality: a socio-technical approach to the digital divide in the platform environment |journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|volume=10 |article-number=813 |doi=10.1057/s41599-023-02326-1 |s2cid=265151025 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Umchazanhlalo wezezibhangqiwe uhlola umthelela wezobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe ekuziphatheni ngokwenhlalo nasesikhungwini, ngokubheka izici zobungcwepheshi, zesihlaziyo, nezomphakathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lupton2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lupton |first=Deborah |title=Digital Sociology |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0415833603}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uxhakaxholo seluguqule izinkundla zokuxhumana nobidlelwane bezamandla, kanjalo lugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulayo komchazanhlalo wezezibhangqiwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Castells2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Castells |first=Manuel |title=The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-925577-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Njengoba yonke imikhakha yobuqhebeqhebe yomuntu ikhinyabezwa ukuxhumana okuphakathi kohlaka lwezenhlalo ne-agency yomuntu, umchazanhlalo sewuyandisile inhlozingo yawo kwesinye izihlokondaba nezikhungo, ezifana nonhlazanhlalo wezempilo, nomchazanhlalo wezokwelapha; umchazanhlalo wezempi, umchazanhlalo wesijeziso nomchachiso wokulawula; umchazanhlalo woxhakaxholo; umchazanhlalo wezemfundo; kanye neqhaza lobuqhebeqhebe bezenhlalo ekuthuthukisweni komchazanhlalo wolwazi lwenzululwazi.

==uMsukagama==
yigama elihumusha elithi ''sociology''(lisuka kwisiLathini: ''socius''- umphakathi; isiGriki: ''logos'': isifundo) lisho isifundo senzululwazi somphakathi wabantu esigxile emphakathini, ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini, izindlela zobudlelwano bomphakathi, ekuxhumaneni nabantu, kanye nemikhakha yesiko ehlobene nokuphila kwemihla ngemihla.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology &quot;sociology&quot;]. Retrieved 20 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dictionary of the Social Sciences (2008) [2002]. Calhoun, Craig (ed.). [https://www.asanet.org/wp-content/uploads/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology &quot;Sociology&quot;]. New York: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]] – via [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Sociology: A 21st Century Major]&quot; (PDF). ''Colgate University''. [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]]. Archived from [https://www.colgate.edu/404-page-not-found the original] (PDF) on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi ''sociology'' laqanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulunyaka le-18 ukuchaza ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lomphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;Fauré, Michel; Guilhaumou, Jean-Pierre; Vallier, Christian (1999). ''Sieyès et l'invention de la sociologie''. Presses Universitaires de France. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2130497499|ISBN 978-2130497499]]. &lt;code&gt;[[:en:Template:Cite_book|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite book}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]&lt;/code&gt;: Check &lt;code&gt;|isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: see checksum (help)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umbhishobhi</title>
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        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="2768" sha1="apqis2abp4xbyohlp8q2svppffj52i2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Saint Peter-Sinai (6th Century) Crop.jpg|thumb|Umfanekiso wekhulunyaka lesithupha ka[[UNgcwele Petru umPostoli|Ngcwele Petru]], umbhishobhi wokuqala]]
'''Umbhishobhi''' [[Umfundisi|ungumfundisi]] ogunyazwe ukwengamela isifunda sebandla [[UbuKristu|sobuKristu]], ukufundisa ngezenkolo, ukuqoka nokugcoba abafundisi, nokukhipha izigwebo mayelana izimpikiswano emingceleni yendawo engamelwa nguye. Ngesinye isikhathi, umbhishobhi akanikezwa isifunda sakhe. Kungenzeka abeyisekela noma iphini lomunye umbhishobhi, noma aphathe izinhlelo ezithile noma anikezwe isikhundla esinye. Kungenzeka ukuthi lamabhishobhi angameli isifunda, anikezwe isithakazo sesifunda esingekho njengophawu wesikhundla sabo.

Indima noma isikhundla sombhishobhi sibizwa ngokuthi ububhishobhi [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]]'''.'''  Kukhona amabandla obuKristu anganawo amabhishobhi. Amabandla avamile ukuba namabhishobhi [[ISonto lamaKatholika|ngamaKatolika]], ama-Orthodox aseMpumalanga, ama-Anglican, kanye nama-Luthere. Amabandla wama-Pentekosti awavamanga ukuba namabhishobhi. 

Ngokwesiko, amanye amabandla akholwa ukuba amabhishobhi abo bayizindlalifa zamapostoli (abafundi baka[[UJesu|Jesu Kristu]]). Amanye amabhishobhi ngabaholi bamabandla, isib., [[UPapa|umbhishobhi waseRoma]] ungumholi weSonto lamaKatolika, umbhishobhi waseCanterbury ungumholi [[ISonto laseNgilandi|weSonto laseNgilandi]] kanye noMdlelandawonye wama-Anglican, umbhishobhi waseMoskva ungumholi weSonto lama-Orthodox laseRashiya. Emandulo amanye amabhishobhi wayengabakhosi: [[uPapa]] wayeyinkosi yeZizwe zikaPapa empakathini yenhlonhlo yaseTaliya futhi Umbuso wamaRoma oNgcwele (eyayiqukethe [[iJalimani]], [[i-Ostriya]] kanye [[Netherlands|neNetherlands]]) wawunamaKhosana-Mbhishobhi ngengeNkosana-Mbhishobhi Mkhulu waseSalzburg noma waseWürzburg. Amanye amabhishobhi abizwa ngezithakazelo ezahlukene njengo-Cardinal (ngokobuKatolika) kanye no-Archbishop (Umbhishobhi oMkhulu, ngokobu-Anglican).

Amabhishobhi amaningi anesakhiwo sesonto esibizwa inhlokosonto ([[isiNgisi]]: ''Cathedral'', isiLathini: ''Ecclesia Cathedralis'') eyindlunkulu yawo. Lelisonto linesihlalo esibizwa i-''cathedra''  esinguphawu lwegunyo labo lokufundisa. Uma befundisa ngokuthile okumqoka noma okufanelwe kuhlonishwe, lokhu kubizwa ukukhuluma ''[[I-Cathedra#Izindikimba eziqondane naleligama|ex-cathedra]]'' ([[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]]: ngokuphuma esihlalweni). Amanye amabhishobhi ngamalungu ezikhundla [[Ezombusazwe|zombusazwe]], isib. amabhishobhi aseNgilandi ngamalungu weNdlu yamaKhosi [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|yoMbuso oHlangeneyo]] (babizwa amaKhosi weNkolo). Amabhishobhi agqoka izimpahla ezikhombisa isikhundla sabo njengezingubo, imiqhele (isib., i-''miter''), izindandathu, ubucwebe besiphambano esifubeni, futhi baphatha nentonga yabelusi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isidlo seNkosi</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="2725" sha1="m07z5oi4gc9ozjw1bs4nnldy6vdmchm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg|thumb|Isithombe sesidlo sasekusihlwa sokugcina esidwetshwe ngu[[Leonardo da Vinci]]]]
'''Isidlo senkosi''' siyisiko [[UbuKristu|sobuKhrestu]] lapho abantu badla isinkwa futhi baphuze newayini.Ngosuku olwalungaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe, [[uJesu]] wayenesidlo sasekusihlwa nabafundi bakhe.  [[ITestamente Elisha|iTestamente eLisha]] lithi [[uJesu]] ubayalele ukuthi benze lesiko njengesikhumbuzo sakhe. Uthe isinkwa singumzimba wakhe, futhi iwayini iyigazi lwemvumelano yakhe entsha eyophalelwa izono zabantu. Isidlo sakekusihlwa sokugcina sikaJesu senzeke ngenkathi ye[[IPhasika|Phasika]].

Izinxenye zeSidlo seNkosi ziqukatha isinkwa — kungaba esivutshelweyo noma esingenamvubelo —kanye nesiphuzo. [[ISonto lamaKatholika|AmaKatolika]], ama-Anglican, amaLuthela, ama-Eastern Orthodox nama-Oriental Orthodox aphuza iwayini, amaWesile, amaBhabhadisi kanye nabazalwane basePlymouth baphuza isiphuzo samagilebhisi esinganawo utshwala, bese iSonto leziNsuku zokuGcina liphuza amanzi. Isinkwa nesiphuzo siyakhulekelwa ukuze sibengcwele ukuthi sisetshenzisekelwe lesiko.

Amabandla wamaKristu ayavumelana ukuthi uJesu uyabandakanywa kulesisiko kodwa bayahluka ngalendlela akhona ngayo. [[iSonto lamaKatholika]] neSonto lobuOrthodox laseMpumalanga afundisa ukuthi uma [[umfundisi]] noma [[umbhishobhi]] ekhulekela isinkwa newayini, ziphenduka igazi newayini kaJesu, nakuba abantu babona futhi banambitha isinkwa newayini ejwayelekile. Lamasonto afundisa ukuthi nakuba okwenyama abantu babona isinkwa newayini, ingqingthi yalezinxenye iguqulwa ukuze ibe umzimba negazi likaJesu. AmaLuthela avumelana namaKatolika nama-Orthodox ngokuba isinkwa newayini zingumzimba negazi kaJesu. AmaKatolika nama-Orthodox abuka isidlo njengesihlatshelo esenzelwa uNkulunkulu kodwa amaLuthela abuka isidlo njengesipho esivela kuNkulunkulu asinikeza abantu.

AmaKhalivini akholwa ukuba ingqikithi yesinkwa newayini ayiphenduki umzimba negazi kaJesu. Bakholwa ukuba umzimba negazi kaJesu uhlala ezulwini kodwa uMoya oyiNgcwele wenza isinkwa newayini umzimba negazi ngokwomoya. Ama-Anglican ambaxambili ngalendaba: Ama-Anglican wobu-Evangelical akholwa ukuthi umzimba negazi ukhona ngokwomoya, kodwa ama-Anglican wobuKatolika akholwa ukuthi umzimba negazi ukhona engqingithini yesidlo.Abazalwane basePlymouth bakholwa ukuthi isidlo siwuphawu.Isidlo sibalulekile kangangokuthi ukwala ukudla isidlo nebandla elithile kuveza ukuphula kwobudlelwane. Kungakho ukugwema ukudla isidlo nebandla elithile kwembula ukulisola, noma ukungabona ngasolinye kwezenkolo. Isidlo simqoka empilweni yobuKristu kangangokuthi isijeziso sebandla elithile emtwini kungaba ukukhawula ukudla isidlo seNkosi.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Impukane</title>
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        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
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      <text bytes="1152" sha1="ss0y968ogomk2m9rqrtf3dmimpjuen8" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|-
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{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | &lt;big&gt;'''Impukane'''&lt;/big&gt;
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Anthomyiidae_(female)_(10144905255).jpg|thumb|266x266px|Umqhinqa wempukane yezivande inezinkondolo zolwangu lwempikombili: amehlo amakhulu, indlondlo encane, umlomo omunyungayo, izimpiko zokundiza ezimbili.]]
|-
| '''Umbuso''' || Wezilwane
|-
| '''Umhibatho''' || [[Igingxi]]
|-
| '''IsiGaba''' || Isilokazane
|-
| '''Igatsha''' || Ezimpompanzalo
|-
| '''Uhlelo''' || Ezimpikombili

|}

'''Impukane''' (ubu. izimpukane) isilokazane sohlelo lwezimpikombili, ngenxa yokuba nezimpiko ezimbili. Izimpiko ezingemuva zaguquka kwaba izigculisi, ezilekelela ukuba impukane indize. Ezimpikombili ziwuhlelo oluqukethe imiqhinqa engaba yizi-150,000, kuhlanganisa nempukane yehhashi, impukane yendwandwe, izimpukane ezihubezayo, omiyane nezinye.

[[Category:Izinambuzane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndlazi</title>
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        <username>Fongcwele</username>
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      <text bytes="1657" sha1="jyx75yrcdhnfefqd0f1bv10ozqxh6rv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Colius striatus1.jpg|thumb|Inyoni iNdlazi]]
[[File:Elithi Ndlazi ngesibheqe sohlamvu.png|thumb|Elithi Ndlazi ngesibheqe sohlamvu]]
Isibongo sakwaNdlazi lesi esinye sezibongo zama-Afrika esisuselwa ezilwaneni ezithile.Lesi sona sisuselwa ohlotsheni oluthile lweNyoni.Le nyoni okuthiwayiNdlazi ivame ukubonakala ngesisila eside , ekhanda lapha inesiqhova nesifuba esiqinile okungelula ukuyibulala uma uyishaye kuso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-07|title=Home Page {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://sahistory.org.za/node/144647|accessdate=2026-08-10|website=sahistory.org.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ngokomlando lesi sibongo sakwaNdlazi  sivela kwesakwaHadebe  kanye namaHlubi kaLangalibalele.Ukuze kuvele lesibongo into eyenzeka ukuthi izingane zandawonye zalalana zakhulelisana ,kwathi kusakhulunywa ngaloludaba kwaqhamuka umhlambi weziNdlazi zindiza ,enye yashekela lona ogile imihlola .Kwase kunqunywa ukuthi wena kusukela namuhla awuseyena owakwaHadebe kodwa usungowakwaNdlazi ngoba udunjwe yinyoni yakupha isibongo sayo, savela kanjalo ke Isibongo sakwaNdlazi.

Izithakazelo zakwaNdlazi:

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Izithakazelo zakwa Ndlazi 😍 Ndlazi clan – izithakazelo|url=https://izithakazelo.blog/izithakazelo-zakwa-ndlazi-ndlazi-clan/|accessdate=2026-08-10|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ndlazi, Shiyabedla abafokazana,Ndlazi ehamba yodwa, ungabona zimbili ziyakuhlolela , Magalela ,Mantshinga, Hlabangani.Ndlazi kaLokothwayo Swebelele,Somlibo,Mabhuda ,Mthikhulu,Rhadebe.Okunye uNdlazi akahlobene neze noMthiyane ngoba bangaganana yingoba uNdlazi wasuka kuma Hlubi wahamba waze wangena ebukhosini bakwa Mthiyane .

== UMTHOMBO ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mathenjwa</title>
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    <id>34980</id>
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      <id>127749</id>
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        <username>Fongcwele</username>
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      <text bytes="1386" sha1="ku8e8rciysukz0a9fyo7lntdhe3dxvq" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mathenjwa ngesiheqe sohlamvu.png|thumb|Elithi Mathenjwa ngesibheqe sohlamvu]]
Igama elithi '''Mathenjwa''' [[Isibongo|liyisibongo]] esitholakala endaweni yaseManyiseni eNyakatho Kwazulu-Natal eNgwavuma.Imvelaphi yabantu bakaMathenjwa badabuka ezweni lase Degobre, basuka baya eSwaziland base beza eNingizimu Afrika lapho bathola khona isizwe sakwaGina sihlala endaweni yase Manyiseni.Lapho bafika basihlasela basinqoba khona isizwe sakwaGina sase sabaleka lesisizwe base beyithatha indawo yaseManyiseni ilapho ke kwaqala khona ubukhosi bakwaMathenjwa.Ubukhosi bakwaMathenjwa bakhelwe izilimi ezintathu zolimi lwesiNguni abantu bakulesizwe bakhuluma iSiZulu, siSwati kanye neSithonga. Amakhosi akwaMathenjwa akhumbulekayo ngokulandelana kwawo Mdziniso, Sodladla, Mtikubola, Lubhoko, Gamula, Mtshelekwane, Sibhamu, Mganu Mbhamali(ibamba), Sigidi Mathenjwa kaMahhohho kaMtshelekwane (Ibamba), Khwili kaMtshelekwane (ibamba), Mankenke, Mbekwane, Mbutho

==Izithakazelo==

Mathenjwa , Mgabadzeli(Mgabadeli), wena ongayidli imbuzi owesaba umsila ukubheka phezulu , Mathenjwa waLubhoko, Ndabezitha,Gamula ,Nabongwane ,Labomacalane, Labomaphakela indoda emshengelweni ,yena adlela eludzengelweni.Abantu ke bakaMathenjwa bayayizila noma abayidli imbuzi njengoba kushiwo ezithakazelweni , uma beke bayidla kumele balashiswe ngokukhulu ukuphuthuma ngensizi eyakhelwe ukubhekana naleso simo.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Amaza</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>127751</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-22T15:29:16Z</timestamp>
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        <id>16873</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Amagagasi]] to [[Amaza]]</comment>
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[[File:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg|thumb|Amagagasi aphezulu emanzini abonisa ukugeleza kwamanzi]]
Ngokwezibalo kanye nesayensi yemvelo, '''igagasi''' liyisiphazamiso esisakazayo sesibalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amagagasi ezikhathini eziningana ashintshashintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenani lokulinganisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho yonke yesimo segagasi ihamba ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa igagaasi elihambayo ngokuphambene, amagagasi amabili afanayo ahamba ngezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo enza igagasi elimile. Igagasi elimele elimele ubukhulu bokundindizela ine-nulls kwezinye izindawo lapho ubukhulu begagasi bubonakala kancane ngisho yi-zero.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi avame ukufundwa kakhulu kwimvelo yasendulo amagagasi omshini amagagasi. Egageni lemishini, ukucindezeleka kanye nezindawo zokucindezela kushintshashintsha ngokulinganisela kwemishini. Igagasi lemishini liwukuguquguquka kwendawo (ukugxumagxumagesi) kwesinye isisekelo esingokomzimba esisakazeka kusuka ezinhlayiyeni kuya ezinhlayiya ngokwakha ukucindezela kwendawo okubangela ukucindezeleka ezinhlayiyana ezingomakhelwane. Isibonelo, amaza umsindo ayizinhlobonhlobo zomfutho wendawo kanye nokunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana ezisakazeka emthonjeni. Ezinye izibonelo zamagagasi omshini Amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, amagagasi adonsela phansi, amagagesi angaphezulu kanye Ukundindizela kwezintambo. Egageni le-electromagnetic (njengokukhanya), ukuhlangana phakathi kwezindawo zikagesi nezamandla kazibuthe kusekela ukusabalala kwamagagasi ahilela lezi zindawo ngokwezibalo zikaMaxwell. Amaza e-electromagnetic angahamba nge-vacuum nangemithombo ethile ye-i-dielectric. Amaza e-electromagnetic, njengoba anqunywa ayimvamisa awo, anezincazelo ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa amagagasi omsakazo, [[Insibomvu|Imisebe ye-infrared]], ama-terahertz waves, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, Ama-X-ray kanye [[Umsebentathu|imisebe ye-gamma]].

Ezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi zihlanganisa amagagasi adonsela phansi, okuyizinxushunxushu zesikhala nesikhathi ezisakazeka ngokusho kokuhlobana okujwayelekile, amagagasi okushisa, amagagesi e-plasma ahlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwemishini kanye nezindawo ze-electromagnetic; amagagasi okusabelayo, njengenqubo ye-Belousov-Zhabotinsky; nokunye okuningi. Amagagasi omshini nawogesi adlulisa amandla, umfutho ulwazi. Ezindabeni zamagagasi esithonjeni soketshezi, into ingadluliselwa futhi kuma stokes driff. Ezibalweni nase-[[Ezengabuzuba|i-electronics]] amaza afundwa njengezimpawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amagagasi anezimvilophu ezingahambi nhlobo njengamagagasi emile (abalulekile emculweni) kanye nokugxuma kwe-hydraulic.

''Indawo'' yamagagasi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ibekelwe esifundeni esithile somkhathi, esibizwa ngokuthi indawo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba abangelwa Ukuzamazama komhlaba aphawuleka kuphela ngaphakathi nangaphezulu eplanethini, ngakho-ke anganakwa ngaphandle kwayo. Kodwa-ke, amaza ane-domain engenamkhawulo, anwebeka kuyo yonke indawo, avame ukufundwa ngezibalo, futhi angamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni amaza angokomzimba ezindaweni ezinqunyiwe.

''Igagasi lendiza'' liyindlela ebalulekile yezibalo lapho ukuphazamiseka kufana nanoma iyiphi indawo (engenamkhawulo) evamile endaweni ethile yokuhamba. Ngokwezibalo, igagasi elilula kunawo wonke liyigagasi le-sinusoidal plane lapho kunoma iyiphi indawo ibona ukunyakaza okulula kwe-harmonic nge-frequency eyodwa. Emithonjeni ye-linear, amaza ayinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa njengengqikithi yamaza amaningi anezinhlangothi ezihlukile zokusakazeka kanye / noma ama-frequency ahlukene. I-plane wave ihlukaniswa njenge-transverse wave uma ukuphazamiseka kwendawo ephuzwini ngalinye kuchazwa nge-vector eqondene nohlangothi lokusakazeka (futhi nohlangothi lokudluliswa kwamandla); noma i-longitudinal wave uma lezo zinhlangothi zihambisana nohlangothi lokusabalala. Amaza omshini ahlanganisa kokubili ama-transverse nama-longitudinal; ngakolunye uhlangothi ama-electromagnetic plane waves ahlanganisa ngokuqinile kuyilapho ama-sound waves oketshezini (njengomoya) angaba ama-longitudine kuphela. Lokho kuqondiswa okungokomzimba kwendawo eshintshashintshayo maqondana nokuqondiswa kokusakazeka kubizwa nangokuthi i-polarization yegagasi, okungaba yisici esibalulekile.

== Incazelo ==
Nakuba amagagasi eyizici ezivamile zezinhlelo ezingokomzimba, ayikho incazelo eyodwa echaza kahle isihloko. Izibonelo nezincazelo zezici ezivamile zisetshenziswa njengenye indlela yencazelo eyodwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Billingham-2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Billingham |first=J. |date=2001 |title=Wave Motion |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511841033/type/book |last2=King |first2=A. C. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63257-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511841033}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 2 Ngokungaqondakali, amaza awukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwenkolelo-mbono yendawo encike esikhathini efana ne-ballistics, ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwe-I-particle mechanics, kodwa leli phuzu lilahlekelwa izibonelo eziningi ezibukekayo zamaza njengama-string instruments anezintambo kanye nama-fluid ripples.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freegarde-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Freegarde |first=Tim |date=2012 |title=Introduction to the Physics of Waves |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781139048149/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-19757-1 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139048149}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|1}}

Uma ubukwa ngesibonakhulu, amagagasi ayinguquko enanini impahla engokomzimba endaweni ethile emkhathini ebangelwa ukusabela okuphuzile ezinguqulweni ezifundeni eziseduze. Izibonelo zezimfanelo zihlanganisa umfutho, izinga lokushisa, ukuphakama, noma amandla adonsela phansi. Isithombo esingokoqobo, njenge-vacuum, umoya, amanzi, noma idwala eliqinile singabonisa amagagasi anezici ezahlukahlukene ezingahlobene noma zingahlobene. Izakhiwo ezinjengezibukeli eziphakeme emcimbini wezemidlalo noma izinga lokukhathazeka phakathi kwababhikishi bezombusazwe nazo zingabhekwa njengamagagasi lapho indawo incike ekusabeleni okuphuzile ezenzakalweni ezingokomzimba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freegarde-2012&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|2}}</text>
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[[File:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg|thumb|Amagagasi aphezulu emanzini abonisa ukugeleza kwamanzi]]
[[Umchazazibalo|Ngokomchazazibalo]] kanye [[Inzululwazi yemvelo|nenzululwazi yemvelo]], '''iZa ('''noma '''igagasi)''' liyisiphazamiso esisakazayo sesibalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Amagagasi ezikhathini eziningana ashintshashintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenani lokulinganisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho yonke yesimo segagasi ihamba ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa igagaasi elihambayo ngokuphambene, amagagasi amabili afanayo ahamba ngezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo enza igagasi elimile. Igagasi elimele elimele ubukhulu bokundindizela ine-nulls kwezinye izindawo lapho ubukhulu begagasi bubonakala kancane ngisho yi-zero.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamaza avame ukufundwa kakhulu kwimvelo yasendulo amagagasi omshini amagagasi. Egageni lemishini, ukucindezeleka kanye nezindawo zokucindezela kushintshashintsha ngokulinganisela kwemishini. Igagasi lemishini liwukuguquguquka kwendawo (ukugxumagxumagesi) kwesinye isisekelo esingokomzimba esisakazeka kusuka ezinhlayiyeni kuya ezinhlayiya ngokwakha ukucindezela kwendawo okubangela ukucindezeleka ezinhlayiyana ezingomakhelwane. Isibonelo, amaza umsindo ayizinhlobonhlobo zomfutho wendawo kanye nokunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana ezisakazeka emthonjeni. Ezinye izibonelo zamagagasi omshini amaza okuzamazama komhlaba, amagagasi adonsela phansi, amagagesi angaphezulu kanye Ukundindizela kwezintambo. Egageni le-electromagnetic (njengokukhanya), ukuhlangana phakathi kwezindawo zikagesi nezamandla kazibuthe kusekela ukusabalala kwamagagasi ahilela lezi zindawo ngokwezibalo zikaMaxwell. Amaza e-electromagnetic angahamba nge-vacuum nangemithombo ethile ye-i-dielectric. Amaza e-electromagnetic, njengoba anqunywa ayimvamisa awo, anezincazelo ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa amagagasi omsakazo, [[Insibomvu|Imisebe ye-infrared]], ama-terahertz waves, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet, Ama-X-ray kanye [[Umsebentathu|imisebe ye-gamma]].

Ezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi zihlanganisa amagagasi adonsela phansi, okuyizinxushunxushu zesikhala nesikhathi ezisakazeka ngokusho kokuhlobana okujwayelekile, amagagasi okushisa, amagagesi e-plasma ahlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwemishini kanye nezindawo ze-electromagnetic; amagagasi okusabelayo, njengenqubo ye-Belousov-Zhabotinsky; nokunye okuningi. Amagagasi omshini nawogesi adlulisa amandla, umfutho ulwazi. Ezindabeni zamagagasi esithonjeni soketshezi, into ingadluliselwa futhi kuma stokes driff. Ezibalweni nase-[[Ezengabuzuba|i-electronics]] amaza afundwa njengezimpawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amagagasi anezimvilophu ezingahambi nhlobo njengamagagasi emile (abalulekile emculweni) kanye nokugxuma kwe-hydraulic.

''Indawo'' yamagagasi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ibekelwe esifundeni esithile somkhathi, esibizwa ngokuthi indawo yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba abangelwa Ukuzamazama komhlaba aphawuleka kuphela ngaphakathi nangaphezulu eplanethini, ngakho-ke anganakwa ngaphandle kwayo. Kodwa-ke, amaza ane-domain engenamkhawulo, anwebeka kuyo yonke indawo, avame ukufundwa ngezibalo, futhi angamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni amaza angokomzimba ezindaweni ezinqunyiwe.

''Igagasi lendiza'' liyindlela ebalulekile yezibalo lapho ukuphazamiseka kufana nanoma iyiphi indawo (engenamkhawulo) evamile endaweni ethile yokuhamba. Ngokwezibalo, igagasi elilula kunawo wonke liyigagasi le-sinusoidal plane lapho kunoma iyiphi indawo ibona ukunyakaza okulula kwe-harmonic nge-frequency eyodwa. Emithonjeni ye-linear, amaza ayinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa njengengqikithi yamaza amaningi anezinhlangothi ezihlukile zokusakazeka kanye / noma ama-frequency ahlukene. I-plane wave ihlukaniswa njenge-transverse wave uma ukuphazamiseka kwendawo ephuzwini ngalinye kuchazwa nge-vector eqondene nohlangothi lokusakazeka (futhi nohlangothi lokudluliswa kwamandla); noma i-longitudinal wave uma lezo zinhlangothi zihambisana nohlangothi lokusabalala. Amaza omshini ahlanganisa kokubili ama-transverse nama-longitudinal; ngakolunye uhlangothi ama-electromagnetic plane waves ahlanganisa ngokuqinile kuyilapho ama-sound waves oketshezini (njengomoya) angaba ama-longitudine kuphela. Lokho kuqondiswa okungokomzimba kwendawo eshintshashintshayo maqondana nokuqondiswa kokusakazeka kubizwa nangokuthi i-polarization yegagasi, okungaba yisici esibalulekile.

== Incazelo ==
Nakuba amagagasi eyizici ezivamile zezinhlelo ezingokomzimba, ayikho incazelo eyodwa echaza kahle isihloko. Izibonelo nezincazelo zezici ezivamile zisetshenziswa njengenye indlela yencazelo eyodwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Billingham-2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Billingham |first=J. |date=2001 |title=Wave Motion |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511841033/type/book |last2=King |first2=A. C. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63257-7 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511841033}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 2 Ngokungaqondakali, amaza awukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwenkolelo-mbono yendawo encike esikhathini efana ne-ballistics, ukubonakaliswa okunamandla kwe-I-particle mechanics, kodwa leli phuzu lilahlekelwa izibonelo eziningi ezibukekayo zamaza njengama-string instruments anezintambo kanye nama-fluid ripples.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freegarde-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Freegarde |first=Tim |date=2012 |title=Introduction to the Physics of Waves |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781139048149/type/book |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-19757-1 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9781139048149}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|1}}

Uma ubukwa ngesibonakhulu, amagagasi ayinguquko enanini impahla engokomzimba endaweni ethile emkhathini ebangelwa ukusabela okuphuzile ezinguqulweni ezifundeni eziseduze. Izibonelo zezimfanelo zihlanganisa umfutho, izinga lokushisa, ukuphakama, noma amandla adonsela phansi. Isithombo esingokoqobo, njenge-vacuum, umoya, amanzi, noma idwala eliqinile singabonisa amagagasi anezici ezahlukahlukene ezingahlobene noma zingahlobene. Izakhiwo ezinjengezibukeli eziphakeme emcimbini wezemidlalo noma izinga lokukhathazeka phakathi kwababhikishi bezombusazwe nazo zingabhekwa njengamagagasi lapho indawo incike ekusabeleni okuphuzile ezenzakalweni ezingokomzimba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Freegarde-2012&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|2}}</text>
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    <title>Inkolelo</title>
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      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Ukukholelwa]] to [[Inkolelo]]</comment>
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'''Inkolelo''' iyisimo sengqondo sokuthi okuthile kuyiqiniso noma kuyisenzakalo esikhona. Isimo sengqondo esicatshangelwayo yisimo sengqondo sokuba nesimo esithile, ukuthatha noma [[Uvo|umbono]] ngento ethile. Ku-[[Umchazalwazi|i-epistemology]], izazi zefilosofi zisebenzisa igama elithi ''inkolelo'' ukubhekisela ezimweni zengqondo ngezinto  umuntu ziiqiniso noma ezikhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Belief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belief|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115080001/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/|archive-date=15 November 2019|accessdate=22 June 2020|website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukukholelwa okuthile kuwukukubheka njengeqiniso, ngokwesibonelo, ukukholelwa ukuthi iqhwa limhlophe kufana nokwamukela iqiniso isiphakamiso esithi &quot;igwadule limhlophe&quot;. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba inkolelo akudingeki Ukuzihlolisisa. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa abantu abacabangela ngokucophelela ukuthi ilanga lizokuphuma ngakusasa ekuseni noma cha uma nje sicabanga ukuthi lizokuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkolelo akudingeki zenzeke (isib, umuntu ecabanga ngenkuthalo ukuthi &quot;iqhwa limhlophe&quot;), kodwa esikhundleni salokho zingaba ezilungiselelweni (isib. umuntu uma ebuzwa ngombala weqhwa angasho ukuthi &quot;iqhwa limhlophe&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Belief&quot; /&gt;

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene [[Injulalwazi|izazi zefilosofi]] zanamuhla eziye zazama ukuchaza izinkolelo, kufaka phakathi ukufanekiswa kwezindlela izwe elingaba nazo (UJerry Fodor), njengokuziphatha kwezinto ezithile njengeqiniso (URoderick Chisholm), njengamacebo okuchaza izenzo zomuntu (UDaniel Dennett UDonald Davidson), noma njengezimo zengqondo ezigcwalisa umsebenzi othile (UHilary Putnam).&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Belief&quot; /&gt; Abanye baye bazama futhi ukunikeza ukubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo embonweni wenkolelo, kufaka phakathi abaqeda inkolelo abaphikisa ngokuthi ayikho inqubo emhlabeni wemvelo ehambelana nomqondo wethu we-psychological of belief (UPaul Churchland) kanye ne-epistemologists engokomthetho abahlose ukufaka indawo yomqondo we-bivalent of belief (&quot;kungaba yinkolelo noma asinazo inkolelo&quot;) ngomqondo ovumelayo, ongenkolelo ukuthembakele kakhulu (&quot;kunakho konke amazinga okukholelwa, hhayi inkolelo elula&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Belief&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Formal Belief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Formal Representations of Belief|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/formal-belief/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711105817/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/formal-belief/|archive-date=11 July 2020|accessdate=22 June 2020|website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinkolelo ziyisihloko sezinkulumo-mpikiswano eziningi ezibalulekile zefilosofi. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa: &quot;Yini indlela enengqondo yokubuyekeza izinkolelo zomuntu lapho etholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zobufakazi?&quot;, &quot;Ingabe okuqukethwe yizinkolo zethu kunqunywa ngokuphelele yizimo zethu zengqondo, noma ingabe afanele anethonya ezinkolelweni zethu (isib. uma ngikholwa ukuthi ngiphethe ingilazi yamanzi, ingabe iqiniso elingekho engqondweni lokuthi amanzi ayingxenye ye-H2O yokuqukethwe kwale nkolo)?&quot;, &quot;Izinkolelo zethu zinemicu emincane noma zimbi kangakanani?&quot;, futhi &quot;Kumelwe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inkolelo ingabonwa ngolimi, noma ingabe kukhona izinkolelo ezingezona ezolulimi?&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;SEP Belief&quot; /&gt;

== Imibono ==
Kuye kwahlongozwa imibono ehlukahlukene yezici ezibalulekile zezinkolelo kodwa akukho ukuvumelana ngokuthi iyiphi efanele. I-representationalism iyisikhundla esibusayo ngokwesiko. Inguqulo yayo ethandwa kakhulu igcizelela ukuthi izimo zengqondo ngokuqondene nokumelelwa, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa neziphakamiso, yizimo zengqondo ezakha izinkolelo. Lezi zimo zengqondo ziyingxenye yomzimba wangaphakathi wengqondo ebambe isimo sengqondo. Lo mbono uhlukile ku-functionalism, echaza izinkolelo hhayi ngokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwengqondo kodwa ngokwemisebenzi noma indima edlalwa yizinkolo. Ngokwe-déposérisme, izinkolelo zihlobene nemikhuba yokuziphatha ngezindlela ezithile. Lo mbono ungabonwa njengohlobo lwenkolo yokusebenza, oluchaza izinkolelo ngokuziphatha ezivame ukubangela. Umbono wokuhumusha wakha omunye umbono, oye wathola ukuthandwa kuyifilosofi yesimanje. Ithi izinkolelo zento ethile zithembele noma zihlobene nencazelo yomuntu ngaleyonto uvame ukuhlotshaniswa, ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ngokumelene nalokhu kuhlukana kuphakathi kwesisusa sokukhetha omunye wemibono ehlukile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schwitzgebel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schwitzgebel|first=Eric|date=2019|title=Belief|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115080001/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/belief/|archive-date=15 November 2019|accessdate=22 June 2020|website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukufanekisa ===

[[Category:Ithemba]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Amaza]] to [[Igagasi lomoya]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="28" sha1="7rsapcscgadotbkh1hpos82xvtroyxg" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Igagasi lomoya]]</text>
      <sha1>7rsapcscgadotbkh1hpos82xvtroyxg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>UbuKhrestu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35080</id>
    <redirect title="UbuKristu" />
    <revision>
      <id>127763</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T02:45:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="23" sha1="7jtyntra23ujql6jp8r9k8wfvearij5" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[UbuKristu]]</text>
      <sha1>7jtyntra23ujql6jp8r9k8wfvearij5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Umchazasonto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127764</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T02:52:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366388756|Ecclesiology]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1777" sha1="ianiigl58mo0o2wc5rjdcyrlxgknphk" xml:space="preserve">'''Umchazasonto''' ungumkhakha wezemfundo [[UbuKristu|zobuKhrestu]] omayelana iSonto (noma ibandla, kodwa umfundi ekhumbule ukuthi [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], igama elithi bandla lisetshenziswa iziqoqo ezahlukene zabantu kanye nalezo ezingaphandle kobuKhrestu). Lokhu kuchaza umlando, uhlaka lokuphatha, izikhundla, ubudlelwane beSonto [[UJesu|noJesu]], iqhaza elibanjwe yiSonto kwezensindiso, ukuholwa kanye nokukhuzana kwamalunga ayo. Ezinye izilwimi zisebenzisa igama elisuka olwimini [[IsiGreki|lwesiGreki]] elihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezimbili: ''ekklēsia'' (ἐκκλησία, elichaza isonto) kanye ne-''logia'' (-λογία, elichaza izwi, elikhomba umkhakha wemfundo). Kungakho izilwimi zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] njenge[[IsiJalimani|siJalimani]] [[IsiBhunu|nesiBhunu]], [[isiNgisi]] noma isiFulentshi zithi ''Ekklesiologie'', ''Ecclesiology'' noma ''Ecclésiology'' (ngokulandelana). 

Emlandweni wasekuqaleni weSonto, enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu iSonto yayifanele ukubhekana nayo yayindaba yokubandakanywa kwabezizwe eSontweni njengoba kulesosikhathi yayibonwa njengesifezekiso sesonto elalithenjisiwe [[IBhayibheli lesiHeberu|eTestamenteni Elindala]] kw[[UbuJuda|amaJuda]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isonto kwakufanele ebhekane nezindikimba zeqhaza elibanjwa [[Umfundisi|ngabafundisi]], uhlaka okufanele libuswa ngalo ikakhulukazi iqhaza [[Umbhishobhi|lamabhishobhi]], ubuqiniseko bokungamela [[UPapa|koMbhishobhi waseRoma]] phezu kwamanye amabhishobhi, ukukhonakala kokusindiswa ngaphandle kwesonto, umchazankolo, ukuphathwa kohlelo lwenkonzo, kanye nobudlelwano beSonto [[UHulumeni|noHulumeni]]. Umchazasonto ungasetshenziswa esigabeni sokudingida nokucubungula isonto noma ibandla elithize njengel[[ISonto lamaKatholika|amaKatolika]] noma lo[[UbuProthestani|buProthestani]].</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>127766</id>
      <parentid>127764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T03:02:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="1805" sha1="e7u7ovws1pm66jjzqe69j2d2uvsokcy" xml:space="preserve">'''Umchazasonto''' ungumkhakha wezemfundo [[UbuKristu|zobuKhrestu]] omayelana iSonto (noma ibandla, kodwa umfundi ekhumbule ukuthi [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], igama elithi bandla lisetshenziswa iziqoqo ezahlukene zabantu kanye nalezo ezingaphandle kobuKhrestu). Lokhu kuchaza umlando, uhlaka lokuphatha, izikhundla, ubudlelwane beSonto [[UJesu|noJesu]], iqhaza elibanjwe yiSonto [[Insindiso ngokobuKristu|kwezensindiso]], ukuholwa kanye nokukhuzana kwamalunga ayo. Ezinye izilwimi zisebenzisa igama elisuka olwimini [[IsiGreki|lwesiGreki]] elihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezimbili: ''ekklēsia'' (ἐκκλησία, elichaza isonto) kanye ne-''logia'' (-λογία, elichaza izwi, elikhomba umkhakha wemfundo). Kungakho izilwimi zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] njenge[[IsiJalimani|siJalimani]] [[IsiBhunu|nesiBhunu]], [[isiNgisi]] noma isiFulentshi zithi ''Ekklesiologie'', ''Ecclesiology'' noma ''Ecclésiology'' (ngokulandelana). 

Emlandweni wasekuqaleni weSonto, enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu iSonto yayifanele ukubhekana nayo yayindaba yokubandakanywa kwabezizwe eSontweni njengoba kulesosikhathi yayibonwa njengesifezekiso sesonto elalithenjisiwe [[IBhayibheli lesiHeberu|eTestamenteni Elindala]] kw[[UbuJuda|amaJuda]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isonto kwakufanele ebhekane nezindikimba zeqhaza elibanjwa [[Umfundisi|ngabafundisi]], uhlaka okufanele libuswa ngalo ikakhulukazi iqhaza [[Umbhishobhi|lamabhishobhi]], ubuqiniseko bokungamela [[UPapa|koMbhishobhi waseRoma]] phezu kwamanye amabhishobhi, ukukhonakala kokusindiswa ngaphandle kwesonto, umchazankolo, ukuphathwa kohlelo lwenkonzo, kanye nobudlelwano beSonto [[UHulumeni|noHulumeni]]. Umchazasonto ungasetshenziswa esigabeni sokudingida nokucubungula isonto noma ibandla elithize njengel[[ISonto lamaKatholika|amaKatolika]] noma lo[[UbuProthestani|buProthestani]].</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>127767</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T03:04:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
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      <text bytes="1809" sha1="oghsew0sode8fg0jnkoxn2trg4clpgh" xml:space="preserve">'''Umchazasonto''' ungumkhakha wezemfundo [[UbuKristu|zobuKhrestu]] omayelana iSonto (noma ibandla, kodwa umfundi ekhumbule ukuthi [[IsiZulu|ngesiZulu]], igama elithi bandla lisetshenziswa iziqoqo ezahlukene zabantu kanye nalezo ezingaphandle kobuKhrestu). Lokhu kuchaza umlando, uhlaka lokuphatha, izikhundla, ubudlelwane beSonto [[UJesu|noJesu]], iqhaza elibanjwe yiSonto [[Insindiso ngokobuKristu|kwezensindiso]], ukuholwa kanye nokukhuzana kwamalunga ayo. Ezinye izilwimi zisebenzisa igama elisuka olwimini [[IsiGreki|lwesiGreki]] elihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezimbili: ''ekklēsia'' (ἐκκλησία, elichaza isonto) kanye ne-''logia'' (-λογία, elichaza izwi, elikhomba umkhakha wemfundo). Kungakho izilwimi zase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] njenge[[IsiJalimani|siJalimani]] [[IsiBhunu|nesiBhunu]], [[isiNgisi]] noma isiFulentshi zithi ''Ekklesiologie'', ''Ecclesiology'' noma ''Ecclésiology'' (ngokulandelana). 

Emlandweni wasekuqaleni weSonto, enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu iSonto yayifanele ukubhekana nayo yayindaba yokubandakanywa kwabezizwe eSontweni njengoba kulesosikhathi yayibonwa njengesifezekiso sesonto elalithenjisiwe [[IBhayibheli lesiHeberu|eTestamenteni Elindala]] kw[[UbuJuda|amaJuda]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isonto kwakufanele ebhekane nezindikimba zeqhaza elibanjwa [[Umfundisi|ngabafundisi]], uhlaka okufanele libuswa ngalo ikakhulukazi iqhaza [[Umbhishobhi|lamabhishobhi]], ubuqiniseko bokungamela [[UPapa|koMbhishobhi waseRoma]] phezu kwamanye amabhishobhi, ukukhonakala kokusindiswa ngaphandle kwesonto, [[umchazathixo]], ukuphathwa kohlelo lwenkonzo, kanye nobudlelwano beSonto [[UHulumeni|noHulumeni]]. Umchazasonto ungasetshenziswa esigabeni sokudingida nokucubungula isonto noma ibandla elithize njengel[[ISonto lamaKatholika|amaKatolika]] noma lo[[UbuProthestani|buProthestani]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ecclesiology</title>
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    <redirect title="Umchazasonto" />
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      <id>127765</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T02:53:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[Umchazasonto]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="dob9hjqmi60e75ws5bec063l9k2cxa9" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Umchazasonto]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hajj</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35083</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127768</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T03:36:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370675520|Hajj]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>127768</origin>
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      <text bytes="2321" sha1="mja4fpl5lrxb6ppxmo896mf2v4hg6k6" xml:space="preserve">'''iHajj''' ([[Isi-Arabhu|ngesi-Arabhu]]: حَجّ, ngezinhlamvu zesiLathini: ''Ḥajj'', ngokwe-IPA: [ħaddʒ]) iyinkambo ehleliwe enzeka kanye ngonyaka eyiyinye yezinsika ezinhlanu zenkolo [[UbuSulumane|yobuSulumane]] lapho amakholwa baya edolobheni elingcwele enkolweni yobuSulumane: eMekha. Bonke abakhonayo okwemali nangokomzimba kufanele bayenze lenkambo ingenani kanye ezimpilwe zabo.

NgokobuSulumane, lenkambo yenziwa ngokuwa endlini ka[[UNkulunkulu|Nkulunkulu]], iKaaba eMasjid al-Haram, eMekha. iHajj iveza ukuzithoba kuNkulunkulu kanye nokuqinisa ubuzalwane ngaphakathi kwamaSulumane. Lenkonzo iqhutshwa ngamaSulumane ngenhloso yokuhlanjululwa ezonweni, futhi ikhomba esenzweni esisobala senkambo enzekalayo emuva kokushona kanye nesenzo sangaphakathi emntwini sezinhloso ezinhle. Amasiko enkambo enziwa kuqala ngomhla wesi-8 kufika kwese-12 noma 13 wenyanga kaDhu’l-Hijja wohlelonyaka welanga nenyanga wamaSulumane. Ngokuba iminyaka yohlelonyaka wobuSulumane awuqondani nqo nelikaGregory, izinsuku zeHajj ziyatshintsha iminyaka yonke ngokwabangasingamaSulumane. Nge-2027 AD (1448 AH), Dhu'l-Hijja iqala ngo mhla 8 kaNhlaba kufika 5 kaNhlangulana.

Amasiko ekufanelwe agcinwe yilawa: umlisa kufanele egqoke indwangu eyodwa engathungangwa ebizwa i-Ihram, bonke abantu bazungeza iKaaba ngasesinxele, bacabuze itshe elimnyama leKaaba (ngenxa yobuningi babahambi kusuke kuyinhlanhla ukuyithinta nesandla nje), ukuhamba kayisikhombisa ngaphakathi kwamagquma kaSafa noMarwah, ukuphuza emthonjeni kaZamzam, ukuma eqaphile emthafeni wentaba ka-Arafat, ukuchitha ubusuku obubodwa ezithafeni zikaMuzdalifah, kanye nokujikija uSathane ngamatshe ngokujula amatshe ezinsikeni ezintathu. Ngasemuva kokwenza umnikelo okuhlaba nkomo (ongafezwa ngokuthenga ivoucher), abesilisa kufanele bagunde izinwele bese besifazane kufanele besike ekugcineni kwezinwele zabo. Emuva kweHajj, kunomkhosi we-Eid al Adha ogujwa izinsuku ezine ongumvalo kwamazwe athile njengase[[INdiya|Ndiya]], nase[[IPakistani|Pakistani]]. Nakuba abantu bangayenza lenkambo nanini onyakeni ebizwa i-Umrah, lokhu akugcalisi isikhala seHajj.

Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, ngaphakathi ka-2001 no-2019, kujwayelekile ukuthi ngonyaka owodwa iHajj yenziwe ngabantu abayi-2,269,145 (abayi-1,564,710 bangasemazweni kodwa abayi-671,983 bangabase-Sawudi Arabhiya).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>127769</id>
      <parentid>127768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T03:39:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="2427" sha1="agyzrhvcqma9ihv19yecb8omy7i2np8" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Kaaba during Hajj.jpg|thumb|Abantu bezungeze iKaaba eMasjid al-Haram eMekha enkathini ye-Hajj]]'''iHajj''' ([[Isi-Arabhu|ngesi-Arabhu]]: حَجّ, ngezinhlamvu zesiLathini: ''Ḥajj'', ngokwe-IPA: [ħaddʒ]) iyinkambo ehleliwe enzeka kanye ngonyaka eyiyinye yezinsika ezinhlanu zenkolo [[UbuSulumane|yobuSulumane]] lapho amakholwa baya edolobheni elingcwele enkolweni yobuSulumane: eMekha. Bonke abakhonayo okwemali nangokomzimba kufanele bayenze lenkambo ingenani kanye ezimpilwe zabo.

NgokobuSulumane, lenkambo yenziwa ngokuwa endlini ka[[UNkulunkulu|Nkulunkulu]], iKaaba eMasjid al-Haram, eMekha. iHajj iveza ukuzithoba kuNkulunkulu kanye nokuqinisa ubuzalwane ngaphakathi kwamaSulumane. Lenkonzo iqhutshwa ngamaSulumane ngenhloso yokuhlanjululwa ezonweni, futhi ikhomba esenzweni esisobala senkambo enzekalayo emuva kokushona kanye nesenzo sangaphakathi emntwini sezinhloso ezinhle. Amasiko enkambo enziwa kuqala ngomhla wesi-8 kufika kwese-12 noma 13 wenyanga kaDhu’l-Hijja wohlelonyaka welanga nenyanga wamaSulumane. Ngokuba iminyaka yohlelonyaka wobuSulumane awuqondani nqo nelikaGregory, izinsuku zeHajj ziyatshintsha iminyaka yonke ngokwabangasingamaSulumane. Nge-2027 AD (1448 AH), Dhu'l-Hijja iqala ngo mhla 8 kaNhlaba kufika 5 kaNhlangulana.

Amasiko ekufanelwe agcinwe yilawa: umlisa kufanele egqoke indwangu eyodwa engathungangwa ebizwa i-Ihram, bonke abantu bazungeza iKaaba ngasesinxele, bacabuze itshe elimnyama leKaaba (ngenxa yobuningi babahambi kusuke kuyinhlanhla ukuyithinta nesandla nje), ukuhamba kayisikhombisa ngaphakathi kwamagquma kaSafa noMarwah, ukuphuza emthonjeni kaZamzam, ukuma eqaphile emthafeni wentaba ka-Arafat, ukuchitha ubusuku obubodwa ezithafeni zikaMuzdalifah, kanye nokujikija uSathane ngamatshe ngokujula amatshe ezinsikeni ezintathu. Ngasemuva kokwenza umnikelo okuhlaba nkomo (ongafezwa ngokuthenga ivoucher), abesilisa kufanele bagunde izinwele bese besifazane kufanele besike ekugcineni kwezinwele zabo. Emuva kweHajj, kunomkhosi we-Eid al Adha ogujwa izinsuku ezine ongumvalo kwamazwe athile njengase[[INdiya|Ndiya]], nase[[IPakistani|Pakistani]]. Nakuba abantu bangayenza lenkambo nanini onyakeni ebizwa i-Umrah, lokhu akugcalisi isikhala seHajj.

Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, ngaphakathi ka-2001 no-2019, kujwayelekile ukuthi ngonyaka owodwa iHajj yenziwe ngabantu abayi-2,269,145 (abayi-1,564,710 bangasemazweni kodwa abayi-671,983 bangabase-Sawudi Arabhiya).</text>
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      <id>127770</id>
      <parentid>127769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T03:41:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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      <text bytes="2483" sha1="qgllx1tfb61ly5t3kxwxn2ru50cp8d0" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Kaaba during Hajj.jpg|thumb|Abantu bezungeze iKaaba eMasjid al-Haram eMekha enkathini ye-Hajj]]'''iHajj''' ([[Isi-Arabhu|ngesi-Arabhu]]: حَجّ, ngezinhlamvu zesiLathini: ''Ḥajj'', ngokwe-IPA: [ħaddʒ]) iyinkambo ehleliwe enzeka kanye ngonyaka eyiyinye yezinsika ezinhlanu zenkolo [[UbuSulumane|yobuSulumane]] lapho amakholwa baya edolobheni elingcwele enkolweni yobuSulumane: eMekha. Bonke abakhonayo okwemali nangokomzimba kufanele bayenze lenkambo ingenani kanye ezimpilwe zabo.

NgokobuSulumane, lenkambo yenziwa ngokuya endlini ka[[UNkulunkulu|Nkulunkulu]], iKaaba eMasjid al-Haram, eMekha (isiqondiso somkhuleko ngokobuSulumane esibizwa iQibla). iHajj iveza ukuzithoba kuNkulunkulu kanye nokuqinisa ubuzalwane ngaphakathi kwamaSulumane. Lenkonzo iqhutshwa ngamaSulumane ngenhloso yokuhlanjululwa ezonweni, futhi ikhomba esenzweni esisobala senkambo enzekalayo emuva kokushona kanye nesenzo sangaphakathi emntwini sezinhloso ezinhle. Amasiko enkambo enziwa kuqala ngomhla wesi-8 kufika kwese-12 noma 13 wenyanga kaDhu’l-Hijja wohlelonyaka welanga nenyanga wamaSulumane. Ngokuba iminyaka yohlelonyaka wobuSulumane awuqondani nqo nelikaGregory, izinsuku zeHajj ziyatshintsha iminyaka yonke ngokwabangasingamaSulumane. Nge-2027 AD (1448 AH), Dhu'l-Hijja iqala ngo mhla 8 kaNhlaba kufika 5 kaNhlangulana.

Amasiko ekufanelwe agcinwe yilawa: umlisa kufanele egqoke indwangu eyodwa engathungangwa ebizwa i-Ihram, bonke abantu bazungeza iKaaba ngasesinxele, bacabuze itshe elimnyama leKaaba (ngenxa yobuningi babahambi kusuke kuyinhlanhla ukuyithinta nesandla nje), ukuhamba kayisikhombisa ngaphakathi kwamagquma kaSafa noMarwah, ukuphuza emthonjeni kaZamzam, ukuma eqaphile emthafeni wentaba ka-Arafat, ukuchitha ubusuku obubodwa ezithafeni zikaMuzdalifah, kanye nokujikija uSathane ngamatshe ngokujula amatshe ezinsikeni ezintathu. Ngasemuva kokwenza umnikelo okuhlaba nkomo (ongafezwa ngokuthenga ivoucher), abesilisa kufanele bagunde izinwele bese besifazane kufanele besike ekugcineni kwezinwele zabo. Emuva kweHajj, kunomkhosi we-Eid al Adha ogujwa izinsuku ezine ongumvalo kwamazwe athile njengase[[INdiya|Ndiya]], nase[[IPakistani|Pakistani]]. Nakuba abantu bangayenza lenkambo nanini onyakeni ebizwa i-Umrah, lokhu akugcalisi isikhala seHajj.

Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, ngaphakathi ka-2001 no-2019, kujwayelekile ukuthi ngonyaka owodwa iHajj yenziwe ngabantu abayi-2,269,145 (abayi-1,564,710 bangasemazweni kodwa abayi-671,983 bangabase-Sawudi Arabhiya).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Salah</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T05:29:58Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370731252|Salah]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1622" sha1="7etixfzapz122xfeadzz0atpbmqjp10" xml:space="preserve">'''iSalah''' ([[Isi-Arabhu|ngesi-Arabhu]]: ٱلصَّلَاةُ, ngezihlamvu zesiLathini: ''aṣ-Ṣalāh'') iwusiko olusemthethweni lokudumisa ngoko[[UbuSulumane|buSulumane]] oqukatha imikhuleleko emisiwe enziwa ezinkathini ezihleliwe ngosuku. Lemikhuleko iqukatha izinxenye ezibizwa ''rak'ah''. Zibandakanya ukuma ngomzimba okuthile, ukufunda noma ukusho amavesi we[[Quran]], imikhuleko yeSunnah, nokuqonda iKaaba eMekha. Inani lamarak'ah iyashintsha ngokomkhuleko othile. Kunemehluko ngaphakathi kwezikole ezahlukene zemfundiso yokuqhutshwa komthetho yobuSulumane ezibizwa amamadhahib mayelana ukuqhutshwa kwesalah. Ibizoqho likasalah lingachaza ukudumisa jikelele noma imikhuleleko emisiwe eyenziwa ng[[Amasulumane|amaSulumane]] kanhlanu ngosuku.

iSalah iyinye yezinsika ezinhlanu zobuSulumane ngasemuva kwensika yeShahadah kumaSunni, yeziSingathela zeNkolo kumaShia, kanye nezinsika eziyisikhombisa zama-Ismaili. Kufanele umuntu azihlamba ngokwewudu ngaphambi kokuthi enze isalah.Imikhuleko ingenziwa umuntu eyedwa noma nebandla. Imikhuleko ekhethekile njengeyangoLwesihlanu nezemikhosi ka-Eid, zifanelwe ukwenzwa nabanye abantu kanye neshumayelo ebizwa ikhutbah. AmaSulumane angakwazi ukwenza isalah ngenxa yenkinga okomzimba kanye nokuba onkanjweni avumelekile ukuhlehlisa noma ukuguqula uhlaka lokwenza imikhuleko.

Ngenkathi yasekuqaleni yobuSulumane, isiqondiso somkhuleko (''qibla'') sasiseYerusalema eMasjid al-Aqsa ngaphambi kwesambulo sevesi leQuran kuMprofethi [[Muhammad]] (amavesi wama-144, 148, kanye nawama-150 wesahluko al-Baqarah weQuran) eyalela amakholwa: &quot;bhekisani ubuso benu kwiMasjid al-Haram&quot;.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T05:32:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Edwin Ndaba</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1730" sha1="a03o8kb6nb3izitou0akqgvuzyagguf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Different postures of a Muslim service.jpg|thumb|Izinhlobo zokuma ezahlukene zenkonzo yamaSulumane]] '''iSalah''' ([[Isi-Arabhu|ngesi-Arabhu]]: ٱلصَّلَاةُ, ngezihlamvu zesiLathini: ''aṣ-Ṣalāh'') iwusiko olusemthethweni lokudumisa ngoko[[UbuSulumane|buSulumane]] oqukatha imikhuleleko emisiwe enziwa ezinkathini ezihleliwe ngosuku. Lemikhuleko iqukatha izinxenye ezibizwa ''rak'ah''. Zibandakanya ukuma ngomzimba okuthile, ukufunda noma ukusho amavesi we[[Quran]], imikhuleko yeSunnah, nokuqonda iKaaba eMekha. Inani lamarak'ah iyashintsha ngokomkhuleko othile. Kunemehluko ngaphakathi kwezikole ezahlukene zemfundiso yokuqhutshwa komthetho yobuSulumane ezibizwa amamadhahib mayelana ukuqhutshwa kwesalah. Ibizoqho likasalah lingachaza ukudumisa jikelele noma imikhuleleko emisiwe eyenziwa ng[[Amasulumane|amaSulumane]] kanhlanu ngosuku.

iSalah iyinye yezinsika ezinhlanu zobuSulumane ngasemuva kwensika yeShahadah kumaSunni, yeziSingathela zeNkolo kumaShia, kanye nezinsika eziyisikhombisa zama-Ismaili. Kufanele umuntu azihlamba ngokwewudu ngaphambi kokuthi enze isalah.Imikhuleko ingenziwa umuntu eyedwa noma nebandla. Imikhuleko ekhethekile njengeyangoLwesihlanu nezemikhosi ka-Eid, zifanelwe ukwenzwa nabanye abantu kanye neshumayelo ebizwa ikhutbah. AmaSulumane angakwazi ukwenza isalah ngenxa yenkinga okomzimba kanye nokuba onkanjweni avumelekile ukuhlehlisa noma ukuguqula uhlaka lokwenza imikhuleko.

Ngenkathi yasekuqaleni yobuSulumane, isiqondiso somkhuleko (''qibla'') sasiseYerusalema eMasjid al-Aqsa ngaphambi kwesambulo sevesi leQuran kuMprofethi [[Muhammad]] (amavesi wama-144, 148, kanye nawama-150 wesahluko al-Baqarah weQuran) eyalela amakholwa: &quot;bhekisani ubuso benu kwiMasjid al-Haram&quot;.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukukholelwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35085</id>
    <redirect title="Inkolelo" />
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      <id>127788</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T06:08:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[Ukukholelwa]] to [[Inkolelo]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="22" sha1="owukt2t8oodr4iexzbc0z8ellpluhnm" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Inkolelo]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Umculi</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>35086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127791</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T09:58:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-46004-08</username>
        <id>27043</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* subjects for musicians */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="200" sha1="bu7tth4j333ef7kyxfwhuvslovc7v4c" xml:space="preserve">== subjects for musicians ==

subjects needed to become a singer [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-46004-08|&amp;#126;2026-46004-08]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-46004-08|talk]]) 09:58, 23 uNcwaba 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Izihloko eziyinhloko</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:00:44Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Asambelu04</username>
        <id>25501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367069934|Headphones]]&quot;</comment>
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Ama-headphone awumshini w okulalela umsindo ogqokwa phezu noma ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. lawa madivayisi asebenza ngengama-transducer e-electroacoustic, eguqula amandla kagesi abe umsindo ozwiwa ngumuntu. Ama-headphone avumela umsebenzisi oyedwa ukuba alalele umthombo womsindo ngasese, ngokungafani nesipikha esikhipha umsindo endaweni ezungezile. Ama-headphone aziwa nangokuthi '''ama-earphone'''.&lt;ref&gt;Stanley R. Alten ''Audio Basics'' Cengage 2011 {{ISBN|0-495-91356-1}} page&amp;nbsp;63&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-headphone e-circumaural (ezungeze indlebe) ne-supra-aural (ngaphezu kwendlebe) asebenzisa ibhande elingaphezulu kwekhand=a ukubamba abashayeli endaweni yabo. Olunye uhlobo, olwaziwa ngokuthi '''ama-earbuds''' noma ama-earpieces, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=earphone|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119123425/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|archive-date=19 January 2014|accessdate=4 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; luhlanganisa ama-unit ahlanganisa umsele wendlebe womsebenzisi; ngaphakathi kwalelo qembu kuye kwasungulwa ama-air buds angenantambo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo. Uhlobo lwesithathu yi-bone conduction headphones, evame ukuzungeza ngemuva kwekhanda bese ihlala phambi komsele wendlebe, ishiya umsele wendlebe uvulekile. Endabeni yezokuxhumana, i-headset iyinhlanganisela ye-headphone ne-microphone.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>127793</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:01:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quinlan83</username>
        <id>15112</id>
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      <comment>Fix</comment>
      <origin>127793</origin>
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      <text bytes="1418" sha1="8x9qrya4g2xgeubgf60ffu2fh9jvnlh" xml:space="preserve">Ama-headphone awumshini w okulalela umsindo ogqokwa phezu noma ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. lawa madivayisi asebenza ngengama-transducer e-electroacoustic, eguqula amandla kagesi abe umsindo ozwiwa ngumuntu. Ama-headphone avumela umsebenzisi oyedwa ukuba alalele umthombo womsindo ngasese, ngokungafani nesipikha esikhipha umsindo endaweni ezungezile. Ama-headphone aziwa nangokuthi '''ama-earphone'''.&lt;ref&gt;Stanley R. Alten ''Audio Basics'' Cengage 2011 {{ISBN|0-495-91356-1}} page&amp;nbsp;63&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-headphone e-circumaural (ezungeze indlebe) ne-supra-aural (ngaphezu kwendlebe) asebenzisa ibhande elingaphezulu kwekhand=a ukubamba abashayeli endaweni yabo. Olunye uhlobo, olwaziwa ngokuthi '''ama-earbuds''' noma ama-earpieces, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=earphone|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119123425/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|archive-date=19 January 2014|accessdate=4 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; luhlanganisa ama-unit ahlanganisa umsele wendlebe womsebenzisi; ngaphakathi kwalelo qembu kuye kwasungulwa ama-air buds angenantambo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo. Uhlobo lwesithathu yi-bone conduction headphones, evame ukuzungeza ngemuva kwekhanda bese ihlala phambi komsele wendlebe, ishiya umsele wendlebe uvulekile. Endabeni yezokuxhumana, i-headset iyinhlanganisela ye-headphone ne-microphone.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Izinto zokulalela umsindo ofakwa ezindlebeni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127794</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:02:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asambelu04</username>
        <id>25501</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367069934|Headphones]]&quot;</comment>
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Ama-headphone awumshini w okulalela umsindo ogqokwa phezu noma ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. lawa madivayisi asebenza ngengama-transducer e-electroacoustic, eguqula amandla kagesi abe umsindo ozwiwa ngumuntu. Ama-headphone avumela umsebenzisi oyedwa ukuba alalele umthombo womsindo ngasese, ngokungafani nesipikha esikhipha umsindo endaweni ezungezile. Ama-headphone aziwa nangokuthi '''ama-earphone'''.&lt;ref&gt;Stanley R. Alten ''Audio Basics'' Cengage 2011 {{ISBN|0-495-91356-1}} page&amp;nbsp;63&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-headphone e-circumaural (ezungeze indlebe) ne-supra-aural (ngaphezu kwendlebe) asebenzisa ibhande elingaphezulu kwekhand=a ukubamba abashayeli endaweni yabo. Olunye uhlobo, olwaziwa ngokuthi '''ama-earbuds''' noma ama-earpieces, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=earphone|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119123425/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|archive-date=19 January 2014|accessdate=4 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; luhlanganisa ama-unit ahlanganisa umsele wendlebe womsebenzisi; ngaphakathi kwalelo qembu kuye kwasungulwa ama-air buds angenantambo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo. Uhlobo lwesithathu yi-bone conduction headphones, evame ukuzungeza ngemuva kwekhanda bese ihlala phambi komsele wendlebe, ishiya umsele wendlebe uvulekile. Endabeni yezokuxhumana, i-headset iyinhlanganisela ye-headphone ne-microphone.

Ama-headphone axhuma emthonjeni wesiginali njenge-i-amplifier ye-audio, [[umsakazo]], Umdlali we-CD, Umdlali wezindaba ophathekayo, [[umakhalekhukhwini]], i-video game console, noma ithuluzi lomculo we-elekthronikhi, kungaba ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa intambo, noma ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe okungenantambo njenge-I-Bluetooth, I-DECT noma Umsakazo we-FM. Ama-headphone okuqala asungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ukuze asetshenziswe ngAbasebenzisi be-switchboard, ukuze bagcine izandla zabo zikhululekile. Ekuqaleni, izinga le-audio laliphansi futhi isinyathelo esiqhubekayo kwaba ukusungulwa kwe-headphone ye-high fidelity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Headphones : The Ultimate buying guide - Hi-fidelity headphones|url=http://www.stereocompare.com/headphones-buying-guide/#Hi%2520fidelity%2520headphones|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135117/http://www.stereocompare.com/headphones-buying-guide/#Hi%2520fidelity%2520headphones|archive-date=2016-03-07|accessdate=2016-03-03|website=StereoCompare|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:03:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Quinlan83</username>
        <id>15112</id>
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      <comment>Fix</comment>
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      <text bytes="2473" sha1="pqauwyzvcoxe6vq1qn0mese126spbpk" xml:space="preserve">Ama-headphone awumshini w okulalela umsindo ogqokwa phezu noma ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. lawa madivayisi asebenza ngengama-transducer e-electroacoustic, eguqula amandla kagesi abe umsindo ozwiwa ngumuntu. Ama-headphone avumela umsebenzisi oyedwa ukuba alalele umthombo womsindo ngasese, ngokungafani nesipikha esikhipha umsindo endaweni ezungezile. Ama-headphone aziwa nangokuthi '''ama-earphone'''.&lt;ref&gt;Stanley R. Alten ''Audio Basics'' Cengage 2011 {{ISBN|0-495-91356-1}} page&amp;nbsp;63&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-headphone e-circumaural (ezungeze indlebe) ne-supra-aural (ngaphezu kwendlebe) asebenzisa ibhande elingaphezulu kwekhand=a ukubamba abashayeli endaweni yabo. Olunye uhlobo, olwaziwa ngokuthi '''ama-earbuds''' noma ama-earpieces, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=earphone|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119123425/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/earphone|archive-date=19 January 2014|accessdate=4 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; luhlanganisa ama-unit ahlanganisa umsele wendlebe womsebenzisi; ngaphakathi kwalelo qembu kuye kwasungulwa ama-air buds angenantambo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo. Uhlobo lwesithathu yi-bone conduction headphones, evame ukuzungeza ngemuva kwekhanda bese ihlala phambi komsele wendlebe, ishiya umsele wendlebe uvulekile. Endabeni yezokuxhumana, i-headset iyinhlanganisela ye-headphone ne-microphone.

Ama-headphone axhuma emthonjeni wesiginali njenge-i-amplifier ye-audio, [[umsakazo]], Umdlali we-CD, Umdlali wezindaba ophathekayo, [[umakhalekhukhwini]], i-video game console, noma ithuluzi lomculo we-elekthronikhi, kungaba ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa intambo, noma ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe okungenantambo njenge-I-Bluetooth, I-DECT noma Umsakazo we-FM. Ama-headphone okuqala asungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ukuze asetshenziswe ngAbasebenzisi be-switchboard, ukuze bagcine izandla zabo zikhululekile. Ekuqaleni, izinga le-audio laliphansi futhi isinyathelo esiqhubekayo kwaba ukusungulwa kwe-headphone ye-high fidelity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Headphones : The Ultimate buying guide - Hi-fidelity headphones|url=http://www.stereocompare.com/headphones-buying-guide/#Hi%2520fidelity%2520headphones|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135117/http://www.stereocompare.com/headphones-buying-guide/#Hi%2520fidelity%2520headphones|archive-date=2016-03-07|accessdate=2016-03-03|website=StereoCompare|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umthelela eqenjini losomabhizinisi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35089</id>
    <revision>
      <id>127797</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-23T11:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Asambelu04</username>
        <id>25501</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351078376|Impact Entrepreneurship Group]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4932" sha1="fqak7anqszs5upfuf57zqck1t2lz3kq" xml:space="preserve">I-Impact Entrepreneurship Group yinhlangano yentsha engenzi nzuzo yaseCanada. Yasungulwe ngo-2004, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi phakathi kwabafundi basenyuvesi nabasesikoleni esiphakeme. Inamahhovisi I-Vancouver, ICalgary naseWaterloo, e-Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=~ Top 20 Under 20 awards: researchers, entrepreneurs and activists|url=http://www.globecampus.ca/in-the-news/article/top-20-under-20-awards-researchers-entrepreneurs-and-activists/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907005724/http://www.globecampus.ca/in-the-news/article/top-20-under-20-awards-researchers-entrepreneurs-and-activists|archive-date=2009-09-07|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Globecampus.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DLC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daryl-Lynn Carlson|date=2009-03-20|title=Recessions breed new generation of entrepreneurs|url=https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=1410793|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Nationalpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-03-09|title=Being in touch with technology proves to be edge|url=http://www.financialpost.com/small-business/story.html?id=1369464|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807030217/http://www.financialpost.com/small-business/story.html?id=1369464|archive-date=2009-08-07|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Financialpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-02-25|title=TheRecord.com - - Ray Cao|url=http://news.therecord.com/article/493700|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=News.therecord.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-11-26|title=Metro - Improving Canada's business DNA|url=http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/146211|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129012331/http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/146211|archive-date=2010-01-29|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Metronews.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=The|date=2008-11-21|title=York House students take entrepreneur award|url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/business/story.html?id=562dc632-7c00-4a46-8cd6-05ee9eb40124|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title='Windsor Apprentice' has everything but Trump|url=http://www2.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=fd041b06-e3d6-4ae6-9675-8525595b10d0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806221524/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=fd041b06-e3d6-4ae6-9675-8525595b10d0|archive-date=2009-08-06|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=.canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=The|date=2008-11-17|title=Do something 'cutting edge'|url=http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=16a2d06e-84e5-49a2-a4bb-2dc9059a59df|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuze kufezwe umgomo wayo, i-Impact inezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi nentsha, kokubili ezingeni lendawo nezwe lonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Al-Hage|first=Sarah|date=2009-11-06|title=An inspiring, motivational kickoff season|url=http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/2009/nov/6/features/inspiring-motivational-kickoff-session/|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=University of Waterloo IMPRINT Newsletter}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le nhlangano iphinde ihlenzeke ngeizinhlelo zokufundisa nokuthuthukisa  amakhono abafundi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene emfundo. Le nhlangano ijwayele ukuheha abafundi abavolontiyayo nabangaphezu kwekhulu kuyo yonke iCanada. &lt;ref name=&quot;Young&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Robyn|date=2008-10-20|title=Student group aims to impact entrepreneurs|url=http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/127965|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129011804/http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/work/article/127965|archive-date=2010-01-29|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=Metro News Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Wilkin |first=Dave |date=2010-07-06 |title=Internships provide launch pad for new business |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/your-business/start/talent/internships-provide-launch-pad-for-new-business/article1624136/ |access-date=2010-08-07 |work=The Globe and Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umsuka ==
I-Impact yasungulwa ngo-2004 nguKunal Gupta, owayengumfundi wobunjiniyela be-software ngonyaka wokuqala e-I-University of Waterloo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DLC&quot; /&gt; UGupta, kanye nozakwabo ekilasini uGaurav Jain nabanye abathathu, wacabanga ngenhlangano engenzi nzuzo, ephethwe abafundi ekhuthaza ubhizinisi phakathi kwentsha yaseCanada ukuze ikhuthaze ubhizinisi phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme, eyunivesithi, kanye nekolishi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rajasekaran|first=Vinod|date=2010-03-29|title=Youth-Driven Innovation in Canada|url=http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1212-youth-driven-innovation-in-canada|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612221351/http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1212-youth-driven-innovation-in-canada|archive-date=2010-06-12|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=The Mark}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351078376|Impact Entrepreneurship Group]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4933" sha1="9272irf13pbjrqiks3dcg1358v8bh3i" xml:space="preserve">I-Impact Entrepreneurship Group yinhlangano yentsha engenzi nzuzo yaseCanada. Yasungulwe ngo-2004, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi phakathi kwabafundi basenyuvesi nabasesikoleni esiphakeme. Inamahhovisi I-Vancouver, ICalgary naseWaterloo, e-Ontario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=~ Top 20 Under 20 awards: researchers, entrepreneurs and activists|url=http://www.globecampus.ca/in-the-news/article/top-20-under-20-awards-researchers-entrepreneurs-and-activists/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907005724/http://www.globecampus.ca/in-the-news/article/top-20-under-20-awards-researchers-entrepreneurs-and-activists|archive-date=2009-09-07|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Globecampus.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DLC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Daryl-Lynn Carlson|date=2009-03-20|title=Recessions breed new generation of entrepreneurs|url=https://nationalpost.com/story.html?id=1410793|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Nationalpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-03-09|title=Being in touch with technology proves to be edge|url=http://www.financialpost.com/small-business/story.html?id=1369464|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807030217/http://www.financialpost.com/small-business/story.html?id=1369464|archive-date=2009-08-07|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Financialpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-02-25|title=TheRecord.com - - Ray Cao|url=http://news.therecord.com/article/493700|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=News.therecord.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-11-26|title=Metro - Improving Canada's business DNA|url=http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/146211|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129012331/http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/146211|archive-date=2010-01-29|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Metronews.ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=The|date=2008-11-21|title=York House students take entrepreneur award|url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/business/story.html?id=562dc632-7c00-4a46-8cd6-05ee9eb40124|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title='Windsor Apprentice' has everything but Trump|url=http://www2.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=fd041b06-e3d6-4ae6-9675-8525595b10d0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806221524/http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=fd041b06-e3d6-4ae6-9675-8525595b10d0|archive-date=2009-08-06|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=.canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vancouver|first=The|date=2008-11-17|title=Do something 'cutting edge'|url=http://www.canada.com/theprovince/news/story.html?id=16a2d06e-84e5-49a2-a4bb-2dc9059a59df|accessdate=2009-08-26|publisher=Canada.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuze kufezwe umgomo wayo, umthelela  nezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi nentsha, kokubili ezingeni lendawo nezwe lonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Al-Hage|first=Sarah|date=2009-11-06|title=An inspiring, motivational kickoff season|url=http://imprint.uwaterloo.ca/2009/nov/6/features/inspiring-motivational-kickoff-session/|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=University of Waterloo IMPRINT Newsletter}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le nhlangano iphinde ihlenzeke ngeizinhlelo zokufundisa nokuthuthukisa  amakhono abafundi abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene emfundo. Le nhlangano ijwayele ukuheha abafundi abavolontiyayo nabangaphezu kwekhulu kuyo yonke iCanada. &lt;ref name=&quot;Young&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Young|first=Robyn|date=2008-10-20|title=Student group aims to impact entrepreneurs|url=http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/Work/article/127965|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129011804/http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/work/article/127965|archive-date=2010-01-29|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=Metro News Toronto}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Wilkin |first=Dave |date=2010-07-06 |title=Internships provide launch pad for new business |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/your-business/start/talent/internships-provide-launch-pad-for-new-business/article1624136/ |access-date=2010-08-07 |work=The Globe and Mail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umsuka ==
I-Impact yasungulwa ngo-2004 nguKunal Gupta, owayengumfundi wobunjiniyela be-software ngonyaka wokuqala e-I-University of Waterloo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DLC&quot; /&gt; UGupta, kanye nozakwabo ekilasini uGaurav Jain nabanye abathathu, wacabanga ngenhlangano engenzi nzuzo, ephethwe abafundi ekhuthaza ubhizinisi phakathi kwentsha yaseCanada ukuze ikhuthaze ubhizinisi phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme, eyunivesithi, kanye nekolishi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rajasekaran|first=Vinod|date=2010-03-29|title=Youth-Driven Innovation in Canada|url=http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1212-youth-driven-innovation-in-canada|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612221351/http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1212-youth-driven-innovation-in-canada|archive-date=2010-06-12|accessdate=2010-05-11|publisher=The Mark}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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