Wikipedia zuwiki https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Izilwane 0 2539 128318 128145 2026-09-06T09:13:42Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 128318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Animal_diversity_b.png|thumb|Izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izilwane''' ziyizi[[IziPhili|phili]] [[IMvelendeni|ezivelendeni]], ezingomangqamuzana [[Umbuso (kumchazampilo)|zombuso]] [[Umchazampilo|womchazampilo]] obizwa '''eziyizilo'''. Ngaphandle nje kwezimbalwa, iningi lezilwane zishwabadela izinto zemvelo, ziphefumula isOhwe, zino-myocytes futhi ziyakwazi ukunyakaza, nokuzala, futhi zikhula kusuka [[Ingqamuzana|emangqamuzaneni]] ayizimbulunga ezilukhophoco, ne-blastula, lapho zisaseyimibungu ekhulayo. Izilwane zakha igatsha ''(clade)'' okusho ukuthi zivela kukhokho oyedwa. Kunemiqhinqo yezilwane eziphilayo eyisigidi ( 1.5 million) echazisiwe, kube nezinambuzane eziyizigidi (1.05 million), futhi ezinomgogodla ziyizi-65,000. Kubikwa ukuthi kunemiqhinqo eyizigidi ezi-7.77 eziphila eMhlabeni.  Isifundo senzululwazi esicwaninga izilwane sibizwa ngokuthi [[Umchazazilo]]. Umbuzo wezilwane uhlukaniswe waba izincekwa ezinhlanu ezimqoka, okungukuthi iMfomfici ''(Porifera)'', iThekechwayo ''(Ctenophora)'', iThebelwane ''(Placozoa)'', isibabasholo ''(Cnidaria)'' neCelengonqa ''(Bilateria)''. Iningi lemiqhinqo ephilayo iyingxenye yencekwa iCelengonqa. == uMsukagama == Elithi isilwane elisho iziphili ezihlukahlukene ezifuywayo nezasendle, liyisinciphiso segama elithi isilo elibhekisela kuziphili zasezweni ezinonya njengengwe oma ibhubesi. Uma isilwane sisincane kuthiwa isilokazane, isilonyakazane noma isilwanyazane. Lezi zinciphiso zivame ukubhekisela kulezi zilwane zifana nezintethe, izintuthwane noma zonke izinambuzane. == Izinkondolo == [[File:Blastulation.png|thumb|Izilwane ziyingqayivele ngoba zinamangqamuzana ayimbulunga lapho zisayimibungu (1) ekhula kube imbulunga elugumbu noma i-blastula (2).]] Izilwane zinezinkondolo ezimbalwa ezitholakala nakwezinye iziphili. Izilwane [[IMvelendeni|ziyizimvelendeni]], ezingonomangqamuzana futhi ezinophefusohwe (aerobic respiration), [[Izitshalo|njengezitshalo]] nokhunta.<ref name="Avila1995">{{cite book |last=Avila |first=Vernon L. |title=Biology: Investigating Life on Earth |url={{GBurl |id=B_OOazzGefEC |p=767}} |year=1995 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |isbn=978-0-86720-942-6 |page=767}}</ref> Ngokuphambene nezitshalo nolwelwe, oluzithelelayo ukudla,<ref name=AnimalCells>{{cite web |last=Davidson |first=Michael W. |title=Animal Cell Structure |url=https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |access-date=20 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920235924/https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |archive-date=20 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> izilwane azizitheleli ukudla,<ref name="palaeos">{{cite web |title=Palaeos:Metazoa |url=https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |website=Palaeos |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228005641/https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Windows>{{cite web |last=Bergman |first=Jennifer |title=Heterotrophs |url=https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&edu=high |access-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh |archive-date=29 August 2007 }}</ref> okungulwangu [[Ukhunta|nokhunta]] elinalo. Izilwane zigwinya izithako zemvelo futhi zikugaye ngaphakathi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Douglas |first1=Angela E. |last2=Raven |first2=John A. |title=Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=358 |issue=1429 |pages=5–17 |date=January 2003 |pmid=12594915 |pmc=1693093 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1188}}</ref> == Izilwane ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane ezikhulu (Mammals) !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- |[[Indlovu]] |Elephant | |- |[[Ibhubesi]], [[Ingonyama]], Imbube |Lion |''Panthera leo'' |- |[[Ingwe]] |Leopard |''Panthera pardus'' |- |[[Inyathi]] |Buffalo | |- |[[Ubhejane]] |Black rhino |''Diceros bicornis'' |- |[[Umkhombe]] |White rhino |''Ceratotherium simum'' |- |[[Ikhanka]], [[Impungushe]] |Jackal | |- |[[Inkentshane]] |Wild dog | |- |[[Impisi]] |Hyena | |- |[[Ingulule]] |Cheetah |''Acinonyx jubatus'' |- |[[Indlonzi]], Indlozi, Ihlosi |Serval cat |''Leptailurus serval'' |- |[[Impala]] |Impala |''Aepyceros melampus'' |- |[[Inyala]] |Nyala |''Tragelaphus angasii'' |- |[[Ilulwane]] |Bat | |- |[[Ihlengethwa]] |Dolphin | |- |[[Inkonkoni]] |Wildbeest, Gnu | |- |[[Imbila]] |Dassie, Hyrax | |- |[[Imfene]] |Baboon | |- |[[Inkawu]] |Vervet monkey |''Chlorocebus pygerythrus'' |- |[[Ingwenya]] |Crocodile |''Crocodylus niloticus'' |- |[[Imvubu]], Imboma |Hippo |''Hippopotamus amphibius'' |- |[[Indlulamithi]] |Giraffe | |- |[[Idube]] |Zebra |''Equus quagga'' |- |[[Intibane]] |Warthog |''Phacochoerus africanus'' |- |[[Unogwaja]] |Rabbit | |- |[[Ingulube yehlathi]] |Wild pig | |- |[[Uchakide]] |Weasel, Mongoose | |- |[[Ivondwe]] |Cane rat | |- |[[Isambane]] |Aardvark | |- |[[Ingungumbane]] |Porcupine | |- |[[Insele]] |Honey badger | |- |[[Insimba]] |Genet cat, Wild cat | |- |[[Imbokodo]] |Springbuck | |- |[[Isinkwe]] |Bush baby, Galago | |- |[[Inyengelezi]] |Civet |''Civettictis civetta'' |- |[[Umkhomo]] |Whale | |} {| class="wikitable" |+Ezinye izilwane !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Inyoni|Izinyoni]]''' |- |[[Inqe]] |Vulture | |- |[[Ukhozi]] |Eagle | |- |[[Inkankane]] |Hadeda |''Bostrychia hagedash'' |- |[[Unogolantethe]] |White stork |''Ciconia ciconia'' |- |[[Isikhova]] |Owl | |- |[[Impangele]] |Helmet guinea-fowl |''Numida meleagris'' |- |[[Ihlokohloko]] |Village weaver |''Ploceus cucullatus'' |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Izinambusane]] nezicabucabu''' |- |[[Ishongololo]] |Millipede | |- |[[Uvemvane]] |Butterfly | |- |[[Umiyane]] |Mosquito | |- |[[Umuhlwa]] |Termite | |- |[[Intuthwane]] |Ant | |- |[[Izicabucabu|Isicabucabu]] |Spider | |- |[[Ofezela|Ufezela]] |Scorpion | |- | colspan="3" |''Amphibians and Reptiles'' |- |[[Iselesele]] |Frog | |- |[[Ixoxo]] |Toad | |- |[[Imfudu]] |Tortoise, Turtle | |- | colspan="3" |[[Isibankwa|'''Izibankwa''']] |- |[[Uxamu]] |Monitor lizard | |- |[[Intulo]] |Agama lizard | |- | colspan="3" |[[Inyoka|'''Izinyoka''']] |- |[[Ibululu]] |Puff adder |''Bitis arietans'' |- |[[Inhlwathi]] |Phython | |- |[[Imamba]] |Mamba | |- |[[UMdlankuma|Umdlankuma]] |Cape centipede-eater |''Aparallactus capensis'' |- |[[Imfezi]] |Cobra | |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Inhlanzi|Izinhlanzi]]''' |} == Ezinye izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izwekazi lokutholakala |- |[[Ibhiva|IBhiva]] |Beaver |''Castor'' ''fiber, C. canadensis'' |e[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] naseNyakatho Melika |- |[[Isidla-izintuthwane]] |Anteater | |eNingizimu Melika |- |[[Umlalaphansi]], IKhangaru |Kangaroo | |[[I-Ostreliya|e-Ostreliya]]/ Oceania |- |[[Isilo]] |Tiger | |[[I-Eshiya|e-Eshiya]] |- |[[Inyamazane]] |Deer | |eYurophu |} == Izilwane zasekhaya == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane zasekhaya !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- |[[Inja]] |Dog | |- |[[Ikati]] |Cat | |- |[[Izinkomo|Inkomo]], Inkomazi |Cow | |- |Inkabi |Ox | |- |[[Imvu]] |Sheep | |- |[[Imbuzi]] |Goat | |- |[[Ihhashi]] |Horse | |- |[[Imbongolo]] |Donkey | |- |[[Ingulube]] |Pig | |- |[[Itshwele]], Inkukhu |Chicken | |} [[Category:Izilwane| ]] lmywbwra2rfsc2sz1i574vnwrdsczk4 128319 128318 2026-09-06T09:14:38Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 128319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Animal_diversity_b.png|thumb|Izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izilwane''' ziyizi[[IziPhili|phili]] [[IMvelendeni|ezivelendeni]], ezingomangqamuzana [[Umbuso (kumchazampilo)|zombuso]] [[Umchazampilo|womchazampilo]] obizwa '''eziyizilo'''. Ngaphandle nje kwezimbalwa, iningi lezilwane zishwabadela izinto zemvelo, ziphefumula isOhwe, zino-myocytes futhi ziyakwazi ukunyakaza, nokuzala, futhi zikhula kusuka [[Ingqamuzana|emangqamuzaneni]] ayizimbulunga ezilukhophoco, ne-blastula, lapho zisaseyimibungu ekhulayo. Izilwane zakha igatsha ''(clade)'' okusho ukuthi zivela kukhokho oyedwa. Kunemiqhinqo yezilwane eziphilayo eyisigidi ( 1.5 million) echazisiwe, kube nezinambuzane eziyizigidi (1.05 million), futhi ezinomgogodla ziyizi-65,000. Kubikwa ukuthi kunemiqhinqo eyizigidi ezi-7.77 eziphila eMhlabeni.  Isifundo senzululwazi esicwaninga izilwane sibizwa ngokuthi [[Umchazazilo]]. Umbuzo wezilwane uhlukaniswe waba izincekwa ezinhlanu ezimqoka, okungukuthi iMfomfici ''(Porifera)'', iThekechwayo ''(Ctenophora)'', iThebelwane ''(Placozoa)'', isibabasholo ''(Cnidaria)'' neCelengonqa ''(Bilateria)''. Iningi lemiqhinqo ephilayo iyingxenye yencekwa iCelengonqa. == uMsukagama == Elithi isilwane elisho iziphili ezihlukahlukene ezifuywayo nezasendle, liyisinciphiso segama elithi isilo elibhekisela kuziphili zasezweni ezinonya njengengwe oma ibhubesi. Uma isilwane sisincane kuthiwa isilokazane, isilonyakazane noma isilwanyazane. Lezi zinciphiso zivame ukubhekisela kulezi zilwane zifana nezintethe, izintuthwane noma zonke izinambuzane. == Izinkondolo == [[File:Blastulation.png|thumb|Izilwane ziyingqayivele ngoba zinamangqamuzana ayimbulunga lapho zisayimibungu (1) ekhula kube imbulunga elugumbu noma i-blastula (2).]] Izilwane zinezinkondolo ezimbalwa ezitholakala nakwezinye iziphili. Izilwane [[IMvelendeni|ziyizimvelendeni]], ezingonomangqamuzana futhi ezinophefusohwe (aerobic respiration), [[Izitshalo|njengezitshalo]] nokhunta.<ref name="Avila1995">{{cite book |last=Avila |first=Vernon L. |title=Biology: Investigating Life on Earth |url={{GBurl |id=B_OOazzGefEC |p=767}} |year=1995 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett |isbn=978-0-86720-942-6 |page=767}}</ref> Ngokuphambene nezitshalo nolwelwe, oluzithelelayo ukudla,<ref name=AnimalCells>{{cite web |last=Davidson |first=Michael W. |title=Animal Cell Structure |url=https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |access-date=20 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920235924/https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |archive-date=20 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> izilwane azizitheleli ukudla,<ref name="palaeos">{{cite web |title=Palaeos:Metazoa |url=https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |website=Palaeos |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228005641/https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 }}</ref><ref name=Windows>{{cite web |last=Bergman |first=Jennifer |title=Heterotrophs |url=https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&edu=high |access-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh |archive-date=29 August 2007 }}</ref> okungulwangu [[Ukhunta|nokhunta]] elinalo. Izilwane zigwinya izithako zemvelo futhi zikugaye ngaphakathi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Douglas |first1=Angela E. |last2=Raven |first2=John A. |title=Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=358 |issue=1429 |pages=5–17 |date=January 2003 |pmid=12594915 |pmc=1693093 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1188}}</ref> == Izilwane ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane ezikhulu (Mammals) !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- |[[Indlovu]] |Elephant | |- |[[Ibhubesi]], [[Ingonyama]], Imbube |Lion |''Panthera leo'' |- |[[Ingwe]] |Leopard |''Panthera pardus'' |- |[[Inyathi]] |Buffalo | |- |[[Ubhejane]] |Black rhino |''Diceros bicornis'' |- |[[Umkhombe]] |White rhino |''Ceratotherium simum'' |- |[[Ikhanka]], [[Impungushe]] |Jackal | |- |[[Inkentshane]] |Wild dog | |- |[[Impisi]] |Hyena | |- |[[Ingulule]] |Cheetah |''Acinonyx jubatus'' |- |[[Indlonzi]], Indlozi, Ihlosi |Serval cat |''Leptailurus serval'' |- |[[Impala]] |Impala |''Aepyceros melampus'' |- |[[Inyala]] |Nyala |''Tragelaphus angasii'' |- |[[Ilulwane]] |Bat | |- |[[Ihlengethwa]] |Dolphin | |- |[[Inkonkoni]] |Wildbeest, Gnu | |- |[[Imbila]] |Dassie, Hyrax | |- |[[Imfene]] |Baboon | |- |[[Inkawu]] |Vervet monkey |''Chlorocebus pygerythrus'' |- |[[Ingwenya]] |Crocodile |''Crocodylus niloticus'' |- |[[Imvubu]], Imboma |Hippo |''Hippopotamus amphibius'' |- |[[Indlulamithi]] |Giraffe | |- |[[Idube]] |Zebra |''Equus quagga'' |- |[[Intibane]] |Warthog |''Phacochoerus africanus'' |- |[[Unogwaja]] |Rabbit | |- |[[Ingulube yehlathi]] |Wild pig | |- |[[Uchakide]] |Weasel, Mongoose | |- |[[Ivondwe]] |Cane rat | |- |[[Isambane]] |Aardvark | |- |[[Ingungumbane]] |Porcupine | |- |[[Insele]] |Honey badger | |- |[[Insimba]] |Genet cat, Wild cat | |- |[[Imbokodo]] |Springbuck | |- |[[Isinkwe]] |Bush baby, Galago | |- |[[Inyengelezi]] |Civet |''Civettictis civetta'' |- |[[Umkhomo]] |Whale | |} {| class="wikitable" |+Ezinye izilwane !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Inyoni|Izinyoni]]''' |- |[[Inqe]] |Vulture | |- |[[Ukhozi]] |Eagle | |- |[[Inkankane]] |Hadeda |''Bostrychia hagedash'' |- |[[Unogolantethe]] |White stork |''Ciconia ciconia'' |- |[[Isikhova]] |Owl | |- |[[Impangele]] |Helmet guinea-fowl |''Numida meleagris'' |- |[[Ihlokohloko]] |Village weaver |''Ploceus cucullatus'' |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Izinambusane]] nezicabucabu''' |- |[[Ishongololo]] |Millipede | |- |[[Uvemvane]] |Butterfly | |- |[[Umiyane]] |Mosquito | |- |[[Umuhlwa]] |Termite | |- |[[Intuthwane]] |Ant | |- |[[Izicabucabu|Isicabucabu]] |Spider | |- |[[Ofezela|Ufezela]] |Scorpion | |- | colspan="3" |''Amphibians and Reptiles'' |- |[[Iselesele]] |Frog | |- |[[Ixoxo]] |Toad | |- |[[Imfudu]] |Tortoise, Turtle | |- | colspan="3" |[[Isibankwa|'''Izibankwa''']] |- |[[Uxamu]] |Monitor lizard | |- |[[Intulo]] |Agama lizard | |- | colspan="3" |[[Inyoka|'''Izinyoka''']] |- |[[Ibululu]] |Puff adder |''Bitis arietans'' |- |[[Inhlwathi]] |Phython | |- |[[Imamba]] |Mamba | |- |[[UMdlankuma|Umdlankuma]] |Cape centipede-eater |''Aparallactus capensis'' |- |[[Imfezi]] |Cobra | |- | colspan="3" |'''[[Inhlanzi|Izinhlanzi]]''' |} == Ezinye izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izwekazi lokutholakala |- |[[Ibhiva|IBhiva]] |Beaver |''Castor'' ''fiber, C. canadensis'' |e[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] naseNyakatho Melika |- |[[Isidla-izintuthwane]] |Anteater | |eNingizimu Melika |- |[[Umlalaphansi]], IKhangaru |Kangaroo | |[[I-Ostreliya|e-Ostreliya]]/ Oceania |- |[[Isilo]] |Tiger | |[[I-Eshiya|e-Eshiya]] |- |[[Inyamazane]] |Deer | |eYurophu |} == Izilwane zasekhaya == {| class="wikitable" |+Izilwane zasekhaya !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi |- |[[Inja]] |Dog | |- |[[Ikati]] |Cat | |- |[[Izinkomo|Inkomo]], Inkomazi |Cow | |- |Inkabi |Ox | |- |[[Imvu]] |Sheep | |- |[[Imbuzi]] |Goat | |- |[[Ihhashi]] |Horse | |- |[[Imbongolo]] |Donkey | |- |[[Ingulube]] |Pig | |- |[[Itshwele]], Inkukhu |Chicken | |} == Imithombo == [[Category:Izilwane| ]] dv6r0tmzec9zphx7g6dm6o53418y2jw INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali 0 9632 128337 121851 2026-09-06T11:31:41Z LondiweBridget 25427 Created by translating the section "Student life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373183380|University of KwaZulu-Natal]]" 128337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UKZN_(52852736191).jpg|alt=UKZN_(52852736191)|right|300x300px]] '''INyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali''' ([[IsiNgisi]]:''University of KwaZulu-Natal''), ngamafuphi ('''UKZN''') iyisikhungo [[Imfundo ephakeme|semfundo ephakeme]] esesifundazweni sa[[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natali]] esineziza ezinhlanu. <ref>{{cite web|title=CHE {{!}} Council on Higher Education {{!}} Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa {{!}} Education {{!}} Innovation {{!}} University {{!}} South Africa|url=https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails|website=che.ac.za|access-date=2020-05-25|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524181407/https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ukzn-campuses" />Lesi sikhungo sasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-1910 khona kwaZulu lapho sasaziwa khona nge''[[Inyuvesi yaKwaZulu Natali|University of Natal]]''. Ngonyaka wezi-2004 sasungulwa kabusha emva kokuhlanganiswa kweNyuvesi yaseNatali kanye neNyuvesi yaseDurban-Westville.<ref name="ukzn-history" /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali}} [[Category:KwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category:Izinyuvesi weNingizimu Afrika|KwaZulu-Natal]] ==uMlando== Le nyuvesi yasungulwa lapho kuhlanganiswa iNyuvesi yaseNatali kanye neNyuvesi yaseDurban-Westville, ngowezi-2004. Mhla zingamashumi amathathu nanye (31) kuMeyi 2002, uMkhandlu weNyuvesi yaseNatali wakhetha ukunikeza isikhundla sokuba isekela loMphathinyuvesi nesokuba iGunyanhloko leNyuvesi kusonzululwazi wezokwelapha odume umhlaba nowayenguMengameli woMkhandlu woCwaningo lokweLapha – uSolwazi Malegapuru Makgoba, owathatha lesi sikhundla mhla zilunye (1) luSepthemba 2002. Waphathiswa umsebenzi wokuhola iNyuvesi yaseNatali ukuyohlangana neNyuvesi yaseDurban-Westville. Ngokufeza lokho, waba isekela loMphathinyuvesi omthuku weNyuvesi yaseNatali. Wayelandela uSolwazi Brenda Gourley esikhundleni.<ref>{{cite web|title=Professor Malegapuru William Makgoba|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/professor-malegapuru-william-makgoba|url-status=live|archive-date=4 June 2021|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604153032/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/professor-malegapuru-william-makgoba}}</ref> Emva kokukhonza kafushane esikhundleni sokuba isekela loMphathinyuvesi, ngowezi-2004, wamiswa ngokusemthethweni njengesekela loMphathinyuvesi emva kokuhlanganiswa kwamanyuvesi amabili. Wamiswa mhla zingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuSepthemba 2005, njengesekela loMphathinyuvesi weNyuvesi yaKwazulu Natali. USolwazi Makgoba wakhonza amahlandla amabili eminyaka emihkanu ngalunye, futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi ngowezi-2015. Ngenkathi ephethe, keakunezigemegeme eziningi. UMakgoba kuthiwa wadala "izimo zombango"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Macfarlane|first=David|date=2011-01-14|title=Controversial UKZN audit under wraps|work=The Mail & Guardian|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-14-controversial-ukzn-audit-under-wraps/|access-date=2020-10-06|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008233604/https://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-14-controversial-ukzn-audit-under-wraps/|url-status=live}}</ref> phakathi eNyuvesi, nezaphumela ekufudukeni kwezingqandavu zesigaba esiphezulu.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Saunderson-Meyer|first=William|date=2020-01-31|title=Malegapuru Makgoba and the white bonobos|work=Politicsweb|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/malegapuru-makgoba-and-the-white-bonobos|access-date=2020-10-06|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011160554/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/malegapuru-makgoba-and-the-white-bonobos|url-status=live}}</ref> Walandela iNgcithabuchopho uAlbert van Jaarsveld.[[File:UKZNPclocktower.jpg|right|thumb|Umbhoshongo wesithuba oyinhloko oseSakhiweni esiyiNhloko sakuDala, ezakhiweni ezisePietermaritzburg.]] ==Uhlaka leziFundo== Le Nyuvesi yakhiwe amakolishi amane nawo ngokwawo akhiwe yizikole eziningana ngaphansi kwawo.<ref name="depts">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/schools.aspx |title=Schools |author=UKZN |access-date=3 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125155749/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/schools.aspx |archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref> Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zikole zihlakazeke ezakhiweni ezihlukene zenyivesi. Ngokwesibonelo, [[Umchazatho]] utholakala ezakhiweni ezise-Pietermaritzburg nase -Westville.<ref name="chemdept">{{cite web |url=http://chemistry.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx |title=School of Chemistry |author=UKZN |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008211550/http://chemistry.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Ikolishi lezoLimo, umNgcikisho neNzululwazi=== * Isikole [[UmNgcikisho|sezomNgcikisho]](kuzo zonke izakhiwo) * Isikole [[Ezolimo|sezoLimo]], uMhlaba neNzululwazi yeMvelo * Isikole [[Umchazatho|soMchazatho]] [[Umchazandalo|noMchazandalo]] * Isikole seNzululwazi yeMpilo * Isikole [[Umchazazibalo|soMchazazibalo]], [[Izibalomininingo]] kanye [[Inzululwazi yesiCikizi|neNzululwazi yesiCikizi]] * ===Ikolishi leNzululwazi yezeMpilo=== * Isikole sezokwelapha ''Clinical Medicine'' * Isikole seziNgqalaba zokwelapha neNzululwazi yokwelapha * Isikole seNzululwazi yezeMpilo * ISikole sobuHlengikazi nezeMpilo ezisobala ===Ikolishi lezoLuntu=== * Isikole sezeNkolo, iNjulalwazi, nezaNguna * Isikole sezoBuciko * Isikole seNzululwazi yezeNhlalo * Isikole seNzululwazi yezoLuntu esetshenziswayo * Isikole sezeMfundo ===Ikolishi lezoMthetho nezifundo zokuPhatha=== * Isikole somHwebo nobuHoli sabaQoqodile * Isikole sezoMdando, ezeMnotho nezeziMali * Isikole soMthetho * Isikole sokuPhatha, ubuChwephese bokwaziswa, nezokuBusa Isikhungu esakhiwe ngokubambisana neSikhungu sezeMpilo sikaHoward Hughes yisona esiyisikhungu seSifo Sofuba nesaNdulela Ngculzi KwaZulu Natali [[K-RITH]] futhi savulwa ngowezi-2012. Sisesakhiweni sesikole sezokwelapha sikaNelson Mandela. ==Amaphatho== == Student life == I-UKZN ikhaya lezinhlangano ezehlukahlukene zabafundi njengezinhlangano zokuphikisana, amaqembu amabhayisikobho, izinhlangano zezinkondlo, izinhlangano zezepolitiki zabafundi, kanye namaqembu ezemidlalo. Iqembu le Ruby yase UKZN. I-UKZn Impi, lemncintiswaneni kazwelonke we-Varsity Cup, kanye neHoward College Debating Union incintisana kokubili kuma-World Universities Debating Championships<ref>{{Cite web|title=ukzn-graduate-a-judge-at-international-debating-championships|url=https://www.ukzn.ac.za/news/ukzn-graduate-a-judge-at-international-debating-championships/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054735/https://www.ukzn.ac.za/news/ukzn-graduate-a-judge-at-international-debating-championships/|archive-date=4 March 2018|accessdate=3 March 2018}}</ref> kanye nama-South African National Universities Debating Championships. I-UKZN yasungula i-Centre for Creative Arts (CCA) ngo nyaka wango 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Centre for Creative Arts (University of KwaZulu-Natal)|url=http://cca.ukzn.ac.za/about-cca/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219141329/http://cca.ukzn.ac.za/about-cca/|archive-date=19 December 2019|accessdate=19 December 2019|website=UKZN Centre for Creative Arts}}</ref> I-CCA iyinhlangano yezobuciko enemiqondo eminingi esekelwe eSikoleni sezobuciko e-University of KwaZulu-Natal. Iqondisa imikhosi eminingi ehlonishwayo yeminyaka yonke, inikeza abafundi ukufinyelela kumapulatifomu okudala amathuba athakazelisayo ahloselwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo obuciko. Imikhosi emine eyinhloko ehlelwe I-UKZN CCA yile: * [[Time of the Writer|Isikhathi Somlobi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UKZN Time of the Writer|url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/time-of-the-writer-home|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043457/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/time-of-the-writer-home|archive-date=14 March 2018|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref> Umkhosi we-UKZN Time of the Writer umema ababhali bamazwe omhlaba ukuba babe nezingxoxo ezahlukahlukene, okufundwayo, imihlangano, ukwethulwa kwezincwadi, nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa njengama-workshops, amakilasi amakhulu nezinkulumo ezakhayo. Lo mkhosi ubulokhu uqhutshwa kusukela ngonyaka ka 1998. * Umkhosi Wamabhayisikobho Wamazwe Omhlaba WaseDurban<ref>{{Cite web|title=UKZN Durban International Film Festival|url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/diff-home|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303135421/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/diff-home|archive-date=3 March 2018|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref> I-Durban International Film Festival, yaqala ngo-1979, ingenye yemikhosi yamabhayisikobho endala futhi emikhulu kakhulu eningizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Durban International Film Festival|url=http://www.durbanfilmfest.co.za/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704231226/http://www.durbanfilmfest.co.za/|archive-date=2012-07-04}}</ref> * [[JOMBA! Contemporary Dance Experience|UJOMBA! Okuhlangenwe nakho Komdanso Wamanje]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=UKZN Jomba|url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/jomba-home|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312201048/http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/jomba-home|archive-date=12 March 2018|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref> * Izinkondlo Zase-Afrika<ref>{{Cite web|title=UKZN Poetry Africa|url=http://www.cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/poetry-africa-home|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314014916/http://cca.ukzn.ac.za/index.php/poetry-africa-home|archive-date=14 March 2018|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref> I-UKZN Poetry Africa yaqala ngo-1997, futhi iqukethe ukudlalwa, ukufundwa, kanye nezincwadi ezivela kwezinye izimbongi l4lfcgcmyz2cf43e91v27ojvx7knpt0 Izitshalo 0 18613 128320 128316 2026-09-06T09:37:32Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 + Izithombe 128320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diversity of plants image version 6.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izitshalo''' ziyiziphili emvelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana ngaphandle kolwelwe. Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokukhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta. Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo futhi eziyizi-260,000 zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahlukana ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka umhlaba ngemizwayo yesohwe eyanele ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zomhlaba ngesidlakalasi. Okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, namakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ezicwaninga ngezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo okuyigatsha lomchazampilo. == Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == Uma ungafunda mayelana nezithelo namajikijolo buka: '''[[Izithelo]]''' {| class="wikitable" |+Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izithombe |- |[[Umthombe]] |Natal fig |Ficus natalensis |[[File:Ficus natalensis 110676081.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umkhanyakude (Isihlahla)|Umkhanyakude]] |Fever tree |Vachellia xanthophloea |[[File:Day 60 Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) (53339066956).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umsinsi]] |Coral tree |Erythrina lysistemon |[[File:Erythrina lysistemon 0841.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isigude]] |Crane flower |Strelitzia reginae |[[File:Strelitzia reginae River of Life Church 240 Hamilton Rd Chermside IMGP1905.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umfongothi]] |Sausage tree |Kigelia africana |[[File:Kigelia-Africana-Serengeti.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Imphepho]] |Licorice plant |Helichrysum petiolare |[[File:Helichrysum petiolare00.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonyane]] |African wormwood |Artemisia afra |[[File:Artemisia afra 07102003 Afrique du sud 3.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[ILala|Ilala]] |Lala palm |Hyphaene coriacea |[[File:Lala Palm (Hyphaene coriacea) (11531392816).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isundu elinabayo|Isundu]] |Wild date palm |Phoenix reclinata |[[File:Phoenix reclinata kz1.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Unsukumbili]] | |Hypericum aethiopicum |[[File:Hypericum aethiopicum subsp. sonderi 1DS-II 9710.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isibhaha]] |Pepper bark tree |Warburgia salutaris |[[File:Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ishongwe]], Ishowe | |Xysmalobium |[[File:Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum 1DS-II 1851.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ugobho]] |River pumpkin |Gunnera perpensa |[[File:Gunnera perpensa - indigenous River Pumpkin of South Africa wetlands ponds.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ilabatheka]] |African potato |Hypoxis hemerocallidea |[[File:Hypoxis hemerocallidea 1DS-II 4-5696.jpg|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" | |- |[[Inhlaba]], Inkalane |Aloe | | |- |[[Umthobokala]] |Peach | | |- |[[Umhlanga (Isitshalo)|Umhlanga]] |Reed | | |} == Izinkomba == Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.<ref>Kenrick, Paul,Crane,Peter r.(1997). The original and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smothsonian Institution Press</ref> Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. <ref>Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p.82</ref> Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific Books. p. 6.<ref>Copeland, H. F. (1956). The classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific. p. 6.</ref> [[Category:Izitshalo]] omgqo2we9hideudwng7txfk0zwsgmbz 128321 128320 2026-09-06T09:43:35Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 Bengilungisa 128321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diversity of plants image version 6.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izitshalo''' ziyiziphili emvelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana ngaphandle kolwelwe. Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokukhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta. Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo futhi eziyizi-260,000 zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahlukana ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka umhlaba ngemizwayo yesohwe eyanele ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zomhlaba ngesidlakalasi. Okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, namakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ezicwaninga ngezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo okuyigatsha lomchazampilo. == Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == Uma ungafunda mayelana nezithelo namajikijolo buka: '''[[Izithelo]]''' {| class="wikitable" |+Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izithombe |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Isihlahla|Izihlahla]]''' |- |[[Umthombe]] |Natal fig |Ficus natalensis |[[File:Ficus natalensis 110676081.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umkhanyakude (Isihlahla)|Umkhanyakude]] |Fever tree |Vachellia xanthophloea |[[File:Day 60 Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) (53339066956).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umsinsi]] |Coral tree |Erythrina lysistemon |[[File:Erythrina lysistemon 0841.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umfongothi]] |Sausage tree |Kigelia africana |[[File:Kigelia-Africana-Serengeti.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isibhaha]] |Pepper bark tree |Warburgia salutaris |[[File:Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[ILala|Ilala]] |Lala palm |Hyphaene coriacea |[[File:Lala Palm (Hyphaene coriacea) (11531392816).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isundu elinabayo|Isundu]] |Wild date palm |Phoenix reclinata |[[File:Phoenix reclinata kz1.JPG|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Imbali|Izimbali]] nezinye izitshalo''' |- |[[Isigude]] |Crane flower |Strelitzia reginae |[[File:Strelitzia reginae River of Life Church 240 Hamilton Rd Chermside IMGP1905.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Imphepho]] |Licorice plant |Helichrysum petiolare |[[File:Helichrysum petiolare00.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonyane]] |African wormwood |Artemisia afra |[[File:Artemisia afra 07102003 Afrique du sud 3.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Unsukumbili]] | |Hypericum aethiopicum |[[File:Hypericum aethiopicum subsp. sonderi 1DS-II 9710.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ishongwe]], Ishowe | |Xysmalobium |[[File:Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum 1DS-II 1851.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ugobho]] |River pumpkin |Gunnera perpensa |[[File:Gunnera perpensa - indigenous River Pumpkin of South Africa wetlands ponds.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ilabatheka]] |African potato |Hypoxis hemerocallidea |[[File:Hypoxis hemerocallidea 1DS-II 4-5696.jpg|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" | |- |[[Inhlaba]], Inkalane |Aloe | | |- |[[Umthobokala]] |Peach | | |- |[[Umhlanga (Isitshalo)|Umhlanga]] |Reed | | |} == Izinkomba == Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.<ref>Kenrick, Paul,Crane,Peter r.(1997). The original and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smothsonian Institution Press</ref> Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. <ref>Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p.82</ref> Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific Books. p. 6.<ref>Copeland, H. F. (1956). The classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific. p. 6.</ref> [[Category:Izitshalo]] d5bp3g56m606aejjxx06euk8df11xmh 128323 128321 2026-09-06T09:50:03Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 128323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diversity of plants image version 6.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izitshalo''' ziyiziphili emvelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana ngaphandle kolwelwe. Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokukhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta. Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo futhi eziyizi-260,000 zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahlukana ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka umhlaba ngemizwayo yesohwe eyanele ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zomhlaba ngesidlakalasi. Okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, namakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ezicwaninga ngezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo okuyigatsha lomchazampilo. == Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == Ungafunda futhi: '''[[Izithelo]]''', '''[[Imifino]]''', '''[[Utshani]]''', '''[[Ubutshani]]''' {| class="wikitable" |+Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izithombe |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Isihlahla|Izihlahla]]''' |- |[[Umthombe]] |Natal fig |Ficus natalensis |[[File:Ficus natalensis 110676081.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umkhanyakude (Isihlahla)|Umkhanyakude]] |Fever tree |Vachellia xanthophloea |[[File:Day 60 Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) (53339066956).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umsinsi]] |Coral tree |Erythrina lysistemon |[[File:Erythrina lysistemon 0841.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umfongothi]] |Sausage tree |Kigelia africana |[[File:Kigelia-Africana-Serengeti.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isibhaha]] |Pepper bark tree |Warburgia salutaris |[[File:Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[ILala|Ilala]] |Lala palm |Hyphaene coriacea |[[File:Lala Palm (Hyphaene coriacea) (11531392816).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isundu elinabayo|Isundu]] |Wild date palm |Phoenix reclinata |[[File:Phoenix reclinata kz1.JPG|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Imbali|Izimbali]] nezinye izitshalo''' |- |[[Isigude]] |Crane flower |Strelitzia reginae |[[File:Strelitzia reginae River of Life Church 240 Hamilton Rd Chermside IMGP1905.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Imphepho]] |Licorice plant |Helichrysum petiolare |[[File:Helichrysum petiolare00.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonyane]] |African wormwood |Artemisia afra |[[File:Artemisia afra 07102003 Afrique du sud 3.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Unsukumbili]] | |Hypericum aethiopicum |[[File:Hypericum aethiopicum subsp. sonderi 1DS-II 9710.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ishongwe]], Ishowe | |Xysmalobium |[[File:Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum 1DS-II 1851.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ugobho]] |River pumpkin |Gunnera perpensa |[[File:Gunnera perpensa - indigenous River Pumpkin of South Africa wetlands ponds.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ilabatheka]] |African potato |Hypoxis hemerocallidea |[[File:Hypoxis hemerocallidea 1DS-II 4-5696.jpg|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" | |- |[[Inhlaba]], Inkalane |Aloe | | |- |[[Umthobokala]] |Peach | | |- |[[Umhlanga (Isitshalo)|Umhlanga]] |Reed | | |} == Izinkomba == Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.<ref>Kenrick, Paul,Crane,Peter r.(1997). The original and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smothsonian Institution Press</ref> Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. <ref>Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p.82</ref> Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific Books. p. 6.<ref>Copeland, H. F. (1956). The classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific. p. 6.</ref> [[Category:Izitshalo]] fe1mt9yiyzmucvt4x11wlpbzd3vdzu6 128324 128323 2026-09-06T09:53:29Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 128324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diversity of plants image version 6.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izitshalo''' ziyiziphili emvelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana ngaphandle kolwelwe. Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokukhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta. Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo futhi eziyizi-260,000 zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahlukana ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka umhlaba ngemizwayo yesohwe eyanele ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zomhlaba ngesidlakalasi. Okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, namakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ezicwaninga ngezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo okuyigatsha lomchazampilo. == Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == Ungafunda futhi: '''[[Izithelo]]''', '''[[Imifino]]''', '''[[Utshani]]''', '''[[Ubutshani]]''' {| class="wikitable" |+Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izithombe |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Isihlahla|Izihlahla]]''' |- |[[Umthombe]] |Natal fig |Ficus natalensis |[[File:Ficus natalensis 110676081.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umkhanyakude (Isihlahla)|Umkhanyakude]] |Fever tree |Vachellia xanthophloea |[[File:Day 60 Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) (53339066956).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umsinsi]] |Coral tree |Erythrina lysistemon |[[File:Erythrina lysistemon 0841.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umfongothi]] |Sausage tree |Kigelia africana |[[File:Kigelia-Africana-Serengeti.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isibhaha]] |Pepper bark tree |Warburgia salutaris |[[File:Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[ILala|Ilala]] |Lala palm |Hyphaene coriacea |[[File:Lala Palm (Hyphaene coriacea) (11531392816).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isundu elinabayo|Isundu]] |Wild date palm |Phoenix reclinata |[[File:Phoenix reclinata kz1.JPG|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Imbali|Izimbali]] nezinye izitshalo''' |- |[[Isigude]] |Crane flower |Strelitzia reginae |[[File:Strelitzia reginae River of Life Church 240 Hamilton Rd Chermside IMGP1905.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Imphepho]] |Licorice plant |Helichrysum petiolare |[[File:Helichrysum petiolare00.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonyane]] |African wormwood |Artemisia afra |[[File:Wildeals herb - Artemisia afra - medicinal plants of Cape Town 7.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Unsukumbili]] | |Hypericum aethiopicum |[[File:Hypericum aethiopicum subsp. sonderi 1DS-II 9710.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ishongwe]], Ishowe | |Xysmalobium |[[File:Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum 1DS-II 1851.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ugobho]] |River pumpkin |Gunnera perpensa |[[File:Gunnera perpensa - indigenous River Pumpkin of South Africa wetlands ponds.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ilabatheka]] |African potato |Hypoxis hemerocallidea |[[File:Hypoxis hemerocallidea 1DS-II 4-5696.jpg|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" | |- |[[Inhlaba]], Inkalane |Aloe | | |- |[[Umthobokala]] |Peach | | |- |[[Umhlanga (Isitshalo)|Umhlanga]] |Reed | | |} == Izinkomba == Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.<ref>Kenrick, Paul,Crane,Peter r.(1997). The original and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smothsonian Institution Press</ref> Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. <ref>Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p.82</ref> Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific Books. p. 6.<ref>Copeland, H. F. (1956). The classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific. p. 6.</ref> [[Category:Izitshalo]] j93fzjmmnbm2jadecxz3nfag1yjk70y Imifino 0 30528 128322 120404 2026-09-06T09:47:35Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 128322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assamese fried leafy vegetable.jpg|thumb|Isifino, ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino]] Imifino , eyaziwa nangokuthi imifino yesiNtu, ibhekisela eqenjini lokungenani imifino emithathu ehlukahlukene enamaqabunga aluhlaza atholakala kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika evunwe ukuze idliwe abantu. Ibhekwa njengokudla okungokwesiko kwaseNingizimu Afrika<ref>[[Morogo#IOL|Independent Online]]</ref> futhi yakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okuyinhloko emiphakathini yasemaphandleni.<ref>[[Morogo#ScienceAfrica|Science in Africa]]</ref><ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/119418</ref> == Amagama wemifino == Uma ungafunda mayelana nezitshalo buka: '''[[Izitshalo]]''' IsAnkuntshane Umaguqa, udoye Nquntane UmSobo UmThebe INhlashane INtshunga Umwelela IGwaba IBhati ImBilikicane IBhobela ImBuya INkazane UmLibo IShiwu Amabhelebhele == Amaphatho == 47vqgkrkj5aar1gizncpsds8km12o6b Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site 10 31013 128334 128288 2026-09-06T10:38:41Z Fongcwele 16873 128334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|UNESCO World Heritage Site|{{{location|}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{child|{{{Child|}}}}}}|<templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/>}} {{Infobox | child = {{{child|{{{Child|}}}}}} | decat = yes<!-- remove from tracking category --> |bodyclass = vcard |titleclass = category |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |title = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{child|{{{Child|}}}}}}||{{{WHS|{{{Name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}}}</includeonly> |aboveclass = fn org |abovestyle = padding:0.2em;background:#ddd;font-size:100%; |above = <includeonly>[[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]</includeonly> |imagestyle = border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em; |image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{Image|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|upright={{{image_upright|1}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} |caption = {{#if:{{{caption|{{{Caption|{{{imagecaption|}}}}}}}}} |{{{caption|{{{Caption|{{{imagecaption|}}}}}}}}}}} |rowclass1 = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{child|{{{Child|}}}}}}|mergedrow|}}</includeonly> |header1 = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{child|{{{Child|}}}}}}|{{Designation/divbox|WHS}}|}}</includeonly> |labelstyle = padding-right:0.3em; |rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2 = Igama&nbsp;elisemthethweni |data2 = {{{Official_name|{{{official_name|}}}}}} |rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3 = Indawo |data3 = {{{Location|{{{location|}}}}}} |rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4 = Ingxenye |data4 = {{{Part_of|{{{part_of|}}}}}} |rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5 = Ihlanganisa |data5 = {{{Includes|{{{includes|}}}}}} |rowclass6 = mergedrow |label6 = Uhlobo |class6 = category |data6 = {{#if: {{{Type|}}} |{{{Type}}}:&nbsp;| }}{{{Criteria|{{{criteria|}}}}}} |rowclass8 = mergedrow |label8 = Amaphatho |data8 = {{#if:{{{ID|}}} |{{#if:{{{Link|}}} |[{{{Link}}} {{{ID}}}] |[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/{{{ID}}} {{{ID}}}] }} }} |rowclass10 = mergedrow |label10 = <span style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region UNESCO region]</span> |rowclass14 = mergedrow |label14 = Ukwamukelwa |data14 = {{if first display both|{{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}| (<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Session|}}} | {{{Session}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}>1976 | {{#ifexpr:{{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}>2020<!--Not held in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic--> | {{ordinal|{{#expr:{{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}-1977}}}} | {{ordinal|{{#expr:{{{Year|{{{year|}}}}}}-1976}}}}}} | Unknown}} <!-- -->}} [[World Heritage Committee|Session]])<!-- -->}} |rowclass16 = mergedrow |label16 = Extensions |data16 = {{{Extension|{{{extension|}}}}}} |rowclass18 = mergedrow |label18 = [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]] |data18 = {{{Danger|{{{danger|}}}}}} |rowclass22 = mergedrow |label22 = Area |class22 = category |data22 = {{{Area|{{{area|}}}}}} |rowclass24 = mergedrow |label24 = Buffer&nbsp;zone |class24 = category |data24 = {{{Buffer_zone|{{{buffer_zone|}}}}}} |label26 = Isizindalwebu |class26 = category |data26 = {{{Website|{{{website|}}}}}} |label27 = [[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]] |data27 = {{{coordinates|{{{Coordinates|}}}}}} | data28 = {{{embedded|{{{Embedded|}}}}}} |data30 = {{#if:{{both|{{{locmapin|{{{Locmapin|}}}}}}|{{{coordinates|{{{Coordinates|}}}}}}}} | {{Location map |{{{locmapin|{{{Locmapin|Earth}}}}}} |coordinates={{{coordinates|{{{Coordinates|}}}}}} |float=center|relief={{{relief}}}|width={{{map_width|}}}|default_width=250|border=infobox |caption=<div style="line-height:1.2em;"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}} |{{{map_caption}}} |Location of {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{{locmapin|{{{Locmapin|Earth}}}}}}|Earth |on Earth. |in {{#invoke:Location map|data|{{{locmapin|{{{Locmapin|Earth}}}}}}|name}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | area | Area | buffer_zone | Buffer_zone | caption | Caption | child | Child | coordinates | Coordinates | criteria | Criteria | danger | Danger | embedded | Embedded | extension | Extension | ID | includes | Includes | image | Image | image_size | image_upright | imagecaption | pushpin_map | Link | location |Location | locmapin | Locmapin | map_caption | map_width | name | Name | official_name | Official_name | part_of | Part_of | Region | relief | Session | Type | website | Website | WHS | year | Year }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!--Please add any categories to the /doc page --></noinclude> akiibakjklvupgenwsyemqudv7zws0c Umbuso waseMapungubwe 0 35162 128335 128298 2026-09-06T10:47:33Z Fongcwele 16873 128335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack|{{Infobox former country | symbol = | image_map = MapungubweHill.jpg | image_map_caption = Igquma iMapungubwe | conventional_long_name = Umbuso waseMapungubwe | common_name = | status = | government_type = [[Ubukhosi]] | year_start = c. 1220 | year_end = c. 1300 | event_start = | date_start = | event_end = Mapungubwe Hill abandoned | date_end = | event1 = | date_event1 = | event2 = | date_event2 = | event_pre = | date_pre = | event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---> | date_post = | demonym = | title_leader = ''[[Mambo (title)|Mambo]]'' | leader1 = Shiriyadenga (according to some [[Venda people|Venda]] traditions) | year_leader1 = {{Circa|1220|?}} | leader2 = Tshidziwelele (according to some Venda traditions) | year_leader2 = {{Circa|?|1300|lk=off}} | area_km2 = 30,000 | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = Limpopo valley timeline from 900AD to 1200 AD | HDI = | HDI_year = | linking_name = Mowena | capital = [[Mapungubwe National Park|Mapungubwe Hill]] | p1 = Bambandyanalo | p2 = Leopard's Kopje | s1 = Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe | currency = | today = [[South Africa]], [[Zimbabwe]] }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape | location = [[Limpopo]], [[South Africa]] | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)}}(ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | ID = 1099bis | coordinates = | year = 2003 | extension = 2014 | area = {{convert|281.686602|km2|acre|abbr=on|0}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1048|km2|acre|abbr=on}} | pushpin_map = South Africa Limpopo#South Africa | map_caption = | embedded = }}}} '''Umbuso waseMapungubwe''' kwakuwumbuso wasendulo owawusendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iShashe neLimpopo namuhla eNingizimu Afrika, eningizimu neZimbabwe Enkulu. Inani labantu basesiqongweno lallifika kwizi-5,000 ngonyaka we-1250, futhi cishe umbuso wawuhlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele ayizi-30,000 .<ref name="Huffman-2005">{{Cite book |last=Huffman |first=Thomas |date=2005 |title=Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo |url=https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater |publisher=Wits University Press |others= |isbn=978-1-86814-408-2}}</ref> Cishe ngonyaka we-1000 CE, abanye abantu baseKopje Leopard bathuthela ngaphesheya kweLimpopo baya eBambandyanalo lapho khona babefuyile futhi belima, belusela imihlambi emikhulu yezinkomo emidlalweni akweminye imiphakathi nokwathuthukisa ubudlelwano bezenhlalo nobezombusazwe, kuyilapho behlanganyela kuhwebo lolwandlekazi laseNdiya besebenzisa imibuso-nxuluma yamaSwahili othungulu lwaseMpumalanga Afrika. Eminyakeni eminingi, ingcebo eyandayo phakathi kwenani labantu elikhulayo yaveza ukungalingani okwakungakufanele ukuhlelwa kwendawo yeBambandyanalo. Cishe ngonyaka we-1220, phakathi nenkathi yesomiso, iqembu lezicukithwane zaseMapungubwe lathuthela esiqongweni seGquma laseMapungubwe, lalandelwa abantu abahlala ezweni elizungezile elisezansi. Amagquma ayevame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokuphehla imvula, futhi igquma laseMapungubwe laba ukuphela kwendawo enjalo; ukuhlala komholi kulo kwakubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubukhosi obungcwele. Ingcebo eningi yaqoqwa ngeminikelo, okwenziwa lula ngokuhlangana kwemifula iLimpopo-Shashe njengesikhungo sohwebo, futhi amazinyo endlovu negolide kwathelikiswa othungulu olusempumalanga. Ukulandela izenzakalo ezingaziwa nokushintsha kwemigwaqo yohwebo enyakatho cishe ngowe-1300, abantu baseMapungubwe badudukela kwenye indawo. Namuhla labantu bavame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu abangamaKalanga ([[AmaShona]]) namaVenda. Naphezu kokuba abantu bendawo benolwazi lwendawo engcwele, iMapungubwe yavubukulwa kabusha osonzlulwazi [[Umbuso waseNingizimu Afrika|bohulumeni wabaqobeli]] ngowe-1933. Inqoqelo yaseMapungubwe yamalondolondo atholakala esizeni semivubukulo igcinwe eSigcinamagugu seMapungubwe ePitoli. Isiza sitholakala Esiqiwini Sikazwelonke saseMapungubwe [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]], emngceleni [[IZimbabwe|weZimbabwe]] [[IButswana|neBotswana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html|accessdate=2024-11-08|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> Nakuba ngokwembiso kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyisifundazwe sokuqala eAfrika esebingizimu, ukuvubukula esifundeni esifanayo eGqumeni iMapela kubonisa ubufakazi bobukhosi obungcwele cishe eminyakeni engama-200 ngaphambili.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chirikure |first=Shadreck |last2=Manyanga |first2=Munyaradzi |last3=Pollard |first3=A. Mark |last4=Bandama |first4=Foreman |last5=Mahachi |first5=Godfrey |last6=Pikirayi |first6=Innocent |date=2014-10-31 |title=Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=10 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k1224C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0111224 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4215987 |pmid=25360782 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==uMsukagama== Igama lesiza lasendulo alaziwa, kodwa abavubukuli basebenzisa uhlelo lokwerha imivubukulo, base bekhetha elithi ''Mapungubwe'', futhi kanjalo nombuso wabizwa nalelo gama.<ref name="Chirikure-2015">{{Cite book |last1=Chirikure |first1=Shadreck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 |title=Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State |last2=Delius |first2=Peter |last3=Esterhuysen |first3=Amanda |last4=Hall |first4=Simon |last5=Lekgoathi |first5=Sekibakiba |last6=Maulaudzi |first6=Maanda |last7=Neluvhalani |first7=Vele |last8=Ntsoane |first8=Otsile |last9=Pearce |first9=David |date=2015-10-01 |publisher=Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. |isbn=978-1-920655-06-8 |language=en}}</ref> Elithi ''Mapungubwe'' lisho ukuthi "indawo [[Impungishe|yezimpungushe]] (eziningi)". Ngokwezilimi eziningi zomdabu, elithi "-pungubwe" lisho lesi siilwane. NgesiVenda kuthiwa ''phunguwe'', ngesiPedi kuthiwa ''phukubje.<ref name="Tlou-2012">{{cite report |url=http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |title=The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa |last=Tlou |first=Setumu |publisher=Limpopo Provincial Government |year=2012}}</ref> ==Isiko nomphakathi== [[File:Stone game board on Mapungubwe Hill, Limpopo, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Umdlalo womlabalaba otholakele khona eMapungubwe.]] Emva kweminyaka yokuhlala eK2, umphakathi walapha waguquka usuka emphakathini osekkelwe kuqhiwu waba umphakathi osekelwe esigabeni zenhlalo, futhi waba isibonelo sobukhosi bobungcwele eAfrika eseningizimu.<ref name="web.wits.ac.za">{{Cite web |url=http://web.wits.ac.za/nr/rdonlyres/33e48eb0-29e9-49ec-a296-5daaa4aacc5a/0/evolution.pdf |title=Origin of Species and Evolution, Wits University Showcase |access-date=10 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122181425/http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/33E48EB0-29E9-49EC-A296-5DAAA4AACC5A/0/Evolution.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2009 }}</ref> Umholi womphakathi nezicukuthwane babehlala phezulu eGqumeni, abantukazana ehlala ezansi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=|pages=32–4}} Kwakukhona amakhondo amane abheke egqumeni, elikhulu kuwo lalinabalindi ababebuzwa ngokuthi bayihlo lenkosi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=37}} Izondawo zokuhlala zazihlulaniswe ngokwezindlu zokuhlala ezingaphansi kwabamnumzane, zizungeze igquma, ziyindilinga elivikelayo.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{rp|page=40}} Umbuso kungenzeka wawuhlukaniswe ngokoqhiwu olunezigaba ezinhlanu ngenxa Yokusakaza kwabantu: Kwakukhona abamnumzane, izinduna zomuzi, izinduna ezincane, izinduna ezinkulu, izinduna ngqangi, neNkosi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=50}} ==Amaphatho== <references /> [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] ixg8s4gu7h4ng69uwx9l72728162htj Mapungubwe 0 35175 128325 2026-09-06T10:04:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Redirected page to [[Umbuso waseMapungubwe]] 128325 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[Umbuso waseMapungubwe]] pj0alljl5omi5h0gzjbmvpr4uumwyr1 Template:Infobox country 10 35176 128326 2026-09-06T10:11:12Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "{{#invoke:Infobox|infoboxTemplate |templatestyles = Template:Infobox country/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}} | {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}} |<div class="fn org country-name">{{{conventional_long_name|}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}} |<div class="ib-country-names"><!-- -->{{br separated e..." 128326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Infobox|infoboxTemplate |templatestyles = Template:Infobox country/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}} | {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}} 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{{#if:{{{capital|}}}{{{admin_center|}}}|mergedbottomrow}} | label11 = Largest {{if empty|{{{largest_settlement_type|}}}|city}} | data11 = {{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}|capital |capital<!-- -->|{{#switch:{{{capital}}} | [[{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}]] = capital | {{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}} = capital | not capital }}<!-- -->}}|capital <!-- (#ifeq:)-->|<!-- nothing already appears above --> | {{if empty| {{{largest_city|}}} | {{{largest_settlement|}}} }} }} | rowclass12 = mergedtoprow | label12 = Official&nbsp;languages | data12 = {{{official_languages|}}} | rowclass13 = mergedrow | label13 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}}&nbsp;languages</span> | data13 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_languages|}}} }} | rowclass14 = mergedrow | label14 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} national&nbsp;languages</span> | data14 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_national_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_national_languages|}}} | {{{national_languages|}}} }} | rowclass15 = mergedrow | label15 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} regional&nbsp;languages</span> | data15 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_regional_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_regional_languages|}}} | {{{regional_languages|}}} }} | label16 = Common&nbsp;languages | data16 = {{{common_languages|}}} | rowclass17 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedrow}} |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}} }} | label17 ={{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |<div class="ib-country-lang">{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }}</div> |{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }} }} | data17 = {{{languages|}}} | rowclass18 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}} | label18 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |<div class="ib-country-lang">{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }}</div> |{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }} }} | data18 = {{{languages2|}}} | label19 = [[Ethnic group|Ethnic&nbsp;groups]] <!-- -->{{#if:{{{ethnic_groups_year|}}} |<div class="ib-country-ethnic"> ({{{ethnic_groups_year}}}){{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}</div>|<div class="ib-country-ethnic">{{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}</div>}} | data19 = {{{ethnic_groups|}}} | label20 = Religion <!-- -->{{#if:{{{religion_year|}}} |<div class="ib-country-religion"> ({{{religion_year}}}){{{religion_ref|}}}</div>|<div class="ib-country-religion">{{{religion_ref|}}}</div>}} | data20 = {{{religion|}}} | label21 = [[Demonym|Demonym{{pluralize from text|{{{demonym|}}}|plural=s}}]] | data21 = {{#if:{{{demonym|}}} |{{#ifexist:{{{demonym}}} people | [[{{{demonym}}} people|{{{demonym}}}]] | {{{demonym}}} }} }} | label22 = Type | data22 = {{{org_type|}}} | label23 = {{if empty|{{{membership_type|}}} | Membership }} | data23 = {{{membership|}}} | label24 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}} | {{#if:{{{politics_link|}}} | [[{{{politics_link}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]<!-- -->| {{#ifexist:Politics of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} | [[Politics of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]<!-- -->| {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | data24 = {{{government_type|}}} | header25 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}} || {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{leader_name1|}}} | {{#if:{{{name|}}}{{{membership|}}} | <!--template being used for geopolitical org:-->Leaders | <!--template being used for country/territory: -->Government }} }} }} | rowclass26 = mergedrow | data26 = {{#if:{{{leader_name1|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{leader_title1|}}} |{{{leader_name1|}}} |{{{leader_title2|}}} |{{{leader_name2|}}} |{{{leader_title3|}}} |{{{leader_name3|}}} |{{{leader_title4|}}} |{{{leader_name4|}}} |{{{leader_title5|}}} |{{{leader_name5|}}} |{{{leader_title6|}}} |{{{leader_name6|}}} |{{{leader_title7|}}} |{{{leader_name7|}}} |{{{leader_title8|}}} |{{{leader_name8|}}} |{{{leader_title9|}}} |{{{leader_name9|}}} |{{{leader_title10|}}} |{{{leader_name10|}}} |{{{leader_title11|}}} |{{{leader_name11|}}} |{{{leader_title12|}}} |{{{leader_name12|}}} |{{{leader_title13|}}} |{{{leader_name13|}}} |{{{leader_title14|}}} |{{{leader_name14|}}} |{{{leader_title15|}}} |{{{leader_name15|}}} }} }} | rowclass27 = mergedrow | label27 = {{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}| {{{title_leader}}} }} | data27 = {{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass28 = mergedrow | data28 = {{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}} | {{Infobox country/multirow|{{{year_leader1|}}} |{{{leader1|}}} |{{{year_leader2|}}} |{{{leader2|}}} |{{{year_leader3|}}} |{{{leader3|}}} |{{{year_leader4|}}} |{{{leader4|}}} |{{{year_leader5|}}} |{{{leader5|}}} |{{{year_leader6|}}} |{{{leader6|}}} |{{{year_leader7|}}} |{{{leader7|}}} |{{{year_leader8|}}} |{{{leader8|}}} |{{{year_leader9|}}} |{{{leader9|}}} |{{{year_leader10|}}} |{{{leader10|}}} |{{{year_leader11|}}} |{{{leader11|}}}|{{{year_leader12|}}} |{{{leader12|}}}|{{{year_leader13|}}} |{{{leader13|}}}|{{{year_leader14|}}} |{{{leader14|}}}|{{{year_leader15|}}} |{{{leader15|}}} }} }} | rowclass29 = mergedrow | label29 = {{#if:{{{title_representative|}}}| {{{title_representative}}} }} | data29 = {{#if:{{{title_representative|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass30 = mergedrow | data30 = {{#if:{{{year_representative1|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{year_representative1|}}} |{{{representative1|}}} |{{{year_representative2|}}} |{{{representative2|}}} |{{{year_representative3|}}} |{{{representative3|}}} |{{{year_representative4|}}} |{{{representative4|}}} |{{{year_representative5|}}} |{{{representative5|}}}|{{{year_representative6|}}} |{{{representative6|}}}|{{{year_representative7|}}} |{{{representative7|}}}|{{{year_representative8|}}} |{{{representative8|}}} }} }} | rowclass31 = mergedrow | label31 = {{#if:{{{title_deputy|}}}|{{{title_deputy}}} }} | data31 = {{#if:{{{title_deputy|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass32 = mergedrow | data32 = {{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow|{{{year_deputy1|}}} |{{{deputy1|}}} |{{{year_deputy2|}}} |{{{deputy2|}}} |{{{year_deputy3|}}} |{{{deputy3|}}} |{{{year_deputy4|}}} |{{{deputy4|}}} |{{{year_deputy5|}}} |{{{deputy5|}}} |{{{year_deputy6|}}} |{{{deputy6|}}}|{{{year_deputy7|}}} |{{{deputy7|}}}|{{{year_deputy8|}}} |{{{deputy8|}}}|{{{year_deputy9|}}} |{{{deputy9|}}}|{{{year_deputy10|}}} |{{{deputy10|}}}|{{{year_deputy11|}}} |{{{deputy11|}}}|{{{year_deputy12|}}} |{{{deputy12|}}}|{{{year_deputy13|}}} |{{{deputy13|}}}|{{{year_deputy14|}}} |{{{deputy14|}}}|{{{year_deputy15|}}} |{{{deputy15|}}} }} }} | label40 = Legislature | data40 = {{{legislature|}}} | rowclass41 = mergedrow | label41 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{if empty|{{{type_house1|}}}|[[Upper house]]}}</div> | data41 = {{if empty|{{{upper_house|}}}|{{{house1|}}}}} | rowclass42 = mergedbottomrow | label42 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{if empty|{{{type_house2|}}}|[[Lower house]]}}</div> | data42 = {{if empty|{{{lower_house|}}}|{{{house2|}}}}} | rowclass43 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}} |mergedtoprow}} | header43 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}}{{{sovereignty_type|}}} |{{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}} | {{{sovereignty_type}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{sovereignty_note|}}} |&nbsp;<div class="ib-country-sovereignty">{{{sovereignty_note}}}</div>}} | {{#if:{{{established|}}}| | Establishment }} }} }} | label44 = Establishment | data44 = {{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}} | |{{{established|}}} }} | label45 = {{#if:{{{era|}}}|Historical era|History}} | data45 = {{#if:{{{era|}}} |{{#ifexist:{{{era|}}}|[[{{{era}}}]]|{{{era}}}}} | {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}}|&nbsp;}}}} | rowclass46 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | data46 = {{#if:{{{established_date1|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow |{{{established_event1|}}} |{{{established_date1||}}} |{{{established_event2|}}} |{{{established_date2||}}} |{{{established_event3|}}} |{{{established_date3|}}} |{{{established_event4|}}} |{{{established_date4|}}} |{{{established_event5|}}} |{{{established_date5|}}} |{{{established_event6|}}} |{{{established_date6|}}} |{{{established_event7|}}} |{{{established_date7|}}} |{{{established_event8|}}} |{{{established_date8|}}} |{{{established_event9|}}} |{{{established_date9|}}} |{{{established_event10|}}} |{{{established_date10|}}} |{{{established_event11|}}} |{{{established_date11|}}} |{{{established_event12|}}} |{{{established_date12|}}} |{{{established_event13|}}} |{{{established_date13|}}} |{{{established_event14|}}} |{{{established_date14|}}} |{{{established_event15|}}} |{{{established_date15|}}} |{{{established_event16|}}} |{{{established_date16|}}} |{{{established_event17|}}} |{{{established_date17|}}} |{{{established_event18|}}} |{{{established_date18|}}} |{{{established_event19|}}} |{{{established_date19|}}} |{{{established_event20|}}} |{{{established_date20|}}} }} }} | rowclass47 = {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | data47 = {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}}|{{Infobox country/multirow |{{{event_pre|}}} |{{{date_pre|}}} |{{if empty|{{{event_start|}}}|Established}} |{{{date_start|}}} {{{year_start|}}} |{{{event1|}}} |{{{date_event1|}}} |{{{event2|}}} |{{{date_event2|}}} |{{{event3|}}} |{{{date_event3|}}} |{{{event4|}}} |{{{date_event4|}}} |{{{event5|}}} |{{{date_event5|}}} |{{{event6|}}} |{{{date_event6|}}}|{{{event7|}}} |{{{date_event7|}}}|{{{event8|}}} |{{{date_event8|}}}|{{{event9|}}} |{{{date_event9|}}}|{{{event10|}}} |{{{date_event10|}}} |{{if empty|{{{event_end|}}}|Disestablished}} |{{{date_end|}}} {{{year_end|}}} |{{{event_post|}}} |{{{date_post|}}} }} }} | rowclass60 = mergedtoprow | header60 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_link|}}} | [[{{{area_link}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]] | {{#ifexist:Geography of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} | [[Geography of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]] | Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }} | rowclass61 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label61 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{if empty|{{{area_label|}}}|Total}}{{{FR_foot4|}}}</div> | data61 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_footnote|}}}{{#if:{{{area_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{area_rank}}}]]) }} }} | rowclass62 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label62 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Land</div> | data62 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_land_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_land_footnote|}}} }} | rowclass63 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label63 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Water</div> | data63 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_water_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_water_footnote|}}} }} | rowclass64 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label64 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Water&nbsp;(%)</div> | data64 = {{{percent_water|}}} | rowclass65 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label65 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{area_label2|}}}</div> | data65 = {{#if:{{{area_label2|}}}| {{{area_data2|}}} }} | rowclass66 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label66 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{area_label3|}}}</div> | data66 = {{#if:{{{area_label3|}}}| {{{area_data3|}}} }} | rowclass67 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label67 = {{{stat_year1|}}}{{{ref_area1|}}} | data67 = {{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area1|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass68 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label68 = {{{stat_year2|}}}{{{ref_area2|}}} | data68 = {{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area2|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass69 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label69 = {{{stat_year3|}}}{{{ref_area3|}}} | data69 = {{#if: {{{stat_area3|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area3|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass70 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label70 = {{{stat_year4|}}}{{{ref_area4|}}} | data70 = {{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area4|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass71 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label71 = {{{stat_year5|}}}{{{ref_area5|}}} | data71 = {{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area5|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass72 = mergedrow | label72 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}</div> | data72 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}| <nowiki /> }} | rowclass73 = mergedrow | label73 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li2">•&nbsp;[[Institut Géographique National|IGN]]{{{FR_foot2|}}}</div> | data73 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}} |{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass89 = mergedbottomrow | label89 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li2">•&nbsp;[[Cadastre]]{{{FR_foot3|}}}</div> | data89 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}} |{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass90 = mergedtoprow | header90 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}{{{stat_pop1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} |{{#if:{{{population_link|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{population_link}}}|no|Population|[[{{{population_link}}}|Population]]}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexist:Demographics of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} | [[Demographics of {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|Population]]<!-- -->| Population<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }} | rowclass91 = mergedrow | label91 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_estimate_year|}}} |{{{population_estimate_year}}} estimate|Estimate}}</div> | data91 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}} |{{{population_estimate}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_estimate_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass92 = mergedrow | label92= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{population_label2|}}}</div> | data92= {{#if:{{{population_label2|}}}|{{{population_data2|}}}}} | rowclass93= mergedrow | label93= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{population_label3|}}}</div> | data93= {{#if:{{{population_label3|}}}|{{{population_data3|}}}}} | rowclass94= mergedrow | data94= {{#if:{{{stat_pop1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}}|{{infobox country/multirow|{{{stat_year1|}}}{{{ref_pop1|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{stat_pop1|}}}}}|{{{stat_year2|}}}{{{ref_pop2|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{stat_pop2|}}}}}|{{{stat_year3|}}}{{{ref_pop3|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{stat_pop3|}}}}}|{{{stat_year4|}}}{{{ref_pop4|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{stat_pop4|}}}}}|{{{stat_year5|}}}{{{ref_pop5|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{stat_pop5|}}}}} }} }} | rowclass95= mergedrow | label95= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_census_year|}}} |{{{population_census_year}}}&nbsp;census|Census}}</div> | data95= {{#if:{{{population_census|}}} |{{{population_census}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_census_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_census_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass96= mergedrow | label96 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|{{nobold|1=&nbsp;({{{FR_total_population_estimate_year}}})}}}}}} | data96 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|<nowiki />}}}} | rowclass97 = mergedrow | label97= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total{{{FR_foot|}}}</div> | data97= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate|}}} |{{{FR_total_population_estimate}}}{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass98 = mergedrow | label98= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}</div> | data98= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{{FR_metropole_population}}}{{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass99 = mergedbottomrow | label99= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Density{{{FR_foot5|}}}</div> | data99= {{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{population_density_km2|}}}|/km2|{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}}{{{pop_den_footnote|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_density_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass100 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedtoprow}} | label100 = Membership | data100= {{{nummembers|}}} | rowclass101= mergedtoprow | label101= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&nbsp;{{nobold|([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])}} | data101= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}}{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}} |{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_year|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}&nbsp;}}estimate }} | rowclass102= mergedrow | label102= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total</div> | data102= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass103= mergedbottomrow | label103= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Per capita</div> | data103= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass104= mergedtoprow | label104= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&nbsp;{{nobold|(nominal)}} | data104= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}}{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}} |{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_year|}}} |{{{GDP_nominal_year}}}&nbsp;}}estimate }} | rowclass105= mergedrow | label105= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total</div> | data105= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}} |{{{GDP_nominal}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|{{{GDP_nominal_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass106= mergedbottomrow | label106= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Per capita</div> | data106= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}} | {{{GDP_nominal_per_capita}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank}}}]])}} }} | label107= [[Gini_coefficient|Gini]]{{#if:{{{Gini_year|}}} |&nbsp;{{nobold|1=({{{Gini_year}}})}}}} | data107= {{#if:{{{Gini|}}} | {{#switch:{{{Gini_change|}}} |increase = {{increaseNegative}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|decrease = {{decreasePositive}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|steady = {{steady}}&nbsp;<!-- -->}}{{{Gini}}}{{{Gini_ref|}}}<br/><!-- ---------Evaluate and add Gini category:---------- -->{{nowrap|1=<!-- -->{{#iferror:<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>100 <!-- -->| {{error|Error: Gini value above 100}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=60 |{{color|red|very high inequality}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=46 <!-- -->| {{color|darkred|high inequality}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=30 <!-- -->| {{color|#707070|medium inequality}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=0 <!-- -->| {{color|forestgreen|low inequality}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error:Gini value below 0}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: Invalid Gini value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -----------Add Gini_rank (if supplied):---------- -->{{#if:{{{Gini_rank|}}} |&nbsp;([[List of countries by income equality|{{{Gini_rank}}}]])<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | label108= [[Human Development Index|HDI]]{{#if:{{{HDI_year|}}} |&nbsp;{{nobold|1=({{{HDI_year}}})}}}} | data108= {{#if:{{{HDI|}}} | {{#switch:{{{HDI_change|}}} |increase = {{increase}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|decrease = {{decrease}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|steady = {{steady}}&nbsp;<!-- -->}}{{{HDI}}}{{{HDI_ref|}}}<br/><!-- ---------Evaluate and add HDI category:--------- -->{{nowrap|1=<!-- -->{{#iferror:<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>1 <!-- -->| {{error|Error: HDI value greater than 1}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.799 <!-- -->| {{color|darkgreen|very high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.699 <!-- -->| {{color|forestgreen|high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.549 <!-- -->| {{color|orange|medium}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>=0.000<!-- -->| {{color|red|low}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: HDI value less than 0}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: Invalid HDI value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- ----------Add HDI_rank (if supplied):----------- -->{{#if:{{{HDI_rank|}}} |&nbsp;([[List of countries by Human Development Index|{{{HDI_rank}}}]])<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | label109= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Purported currency|Currency}} | data109= {{#if:{{{currency|}}} | {{{currency}}} {{#if:{{{currency_code|}}} |([[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]])}} }} | rowclass119= {{#if:{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedtoprow}} | label119= Time zone | data119= {{#if:{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{nowrap|[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}}}} {{#if:{{{time_zone|}}}|({{{time_zone}}})}} |{{{time_zone|}}} }} | rowclass120= {{#if:{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | label120= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</div> | data120= {{#if:{{{utc_offset_DST|}}} |{{nowrap|[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}}} {{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone_DST}}})|{{#if:{{{DST|}}}|({{{DST}}})}}}} |{{if empty|{{{time_zone_DST|}}}|{{{DST|}}}}} }} | rowclass121= mergedbottomrow | label121= <nowiki /> | data121= {{{DST_note|}}} | label122 = [[Antipodes]] | data122= {{{antipodes|}}} | label123 = Date format | data123= {{{date_format|}}} <!---| label125= [[Left- and right-hand traffic|Drives on]] | data125= {{#if:{{{drives_on|}}} | {{ucfirst:{{{drives_on}}}}} }} Suppressed after [[Template talk:Infobox country/Archive 16#Driver side]] ---> | label126= {{#if:{{{calling_code|}}} |{{#ifexist:Telephone numbers in {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} | [[Telephone numbers in {{if empty|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|Calling code]] | Calling code }} }} | data126= {{{calling_code|}}} | label127= [[ISO 3166|ISO 3166 code]] | data127= {{#switch:{{{iso3166code|}}} |omit = <!--(do nothing)--> | = <!--if iso3166code is not supplied: -->{{#if:{{{common_name|}}} | {{#if:{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}|nocat=true}} | [[ISO 3166-2:{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}}}|{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}}}]] }} }} |#default = [[ISO 3166-2:{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}|{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}]] }} | label128= [[Country code top-level domain|Internet TLD]] | data128= {{{cctld|}}} | data129 = {{#if:{{{official_website|}}} |<div class="ib-country-website">'''Website'''<br/>{{{official_website}}}</div> }} | data130= {{#if:{{{image_map3|}}}{{{location_map|}}} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{if empty|{{{image_map3|}}}|{{{location_map|}}}}}|size={{{map3_width|}}}|alt={{{alt_map3|}}}|title=Location of {{if empty|{{{common_name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{{linking_name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption3|}}}|<div class="ib-country-map-caption3">{{{map_caption3|}}}</div>}} }} | data134 = {{#if:{{{p1|}}}{{{s1|}}} |{{Infobox country/formernext|flag_p1={{{flag_p1|}}}|image_p1={{{image_p1|}}}|p1={{{p1|}}}|border_p1={{{border_p1|}}}|flag_p2={{{flag_p2|}}}|image_p2={{{image_p2|}}}|p2={{{p2|}}}|border_p2={{{border_p2|}}}|flag_p3={{{flag_p3|}}}|image_p3={{{image_p3|}}}|p3={{{p3|}}}|border_p3={{{border_p3|}}}|flag_p4={{{flag_p4|}}}|image_p4={{{image_p4|}}}|p4={{{p4|}}}|border_p4={{{border_p4|}}}|flag_p5={{{flag_p5|}}}|image_p5={{{image_p5|}}}|p5={{{p5|}}}|border_p5={{{border_p5|}}}|flag_p6={{{flag_p6|}}}|image_p6={{{image_p6|}}}|p6={{{p6|}}}|border_p6={{{border_p6|}}}|flag_p7={{{flag_p7|}}}|image_p7={{{image_p7|}}}|p7={{{p7|}}}|border_p7={{{border_p7|}}}|flag_p8={{{flag_p8|}}}|image_p8={{{image_p8|}}}|p8={{{p8|}}}|border_p8={{{border_p8|}}}|flag_p9={{{flag_p9|}}}|image_p9={{{image_p9|}}}|p9={{{p9|}}}|border_p9={{{border_p9|}}}|flag_p10={{{flag_p10|}}}|image_p10={{{image_p10|}}}|p10={{{p10|}}}|border_p10={{{border_p10|}}}|flag_p11={{{flag_p11|}}}|image_p11={{{image_p11|}}}|p11={{{p11|}}}|border_p11={{{border_p11|}}}|flag_p12={{{flag_p12|}}}|image_p12={{{image_p12|}}}|p12={{{p12|}}}|border_p12={{{border_p12|}}}|flag_p13={{{flag_p13|}}}|image_p13={{{image_p13|}}}|p13={{{p13|}}}|border_p13={{{border_p13|}}}|flag_p14={{{flag_p14|}}}|image_p14={{{image_p14|}}}|p14={{{p14|}}}|border_p14={{{border_p14|}}}|flag_p15={{{flag_p15|}}}|image_p15={{{image_p15|}}}|p15={{{p15|}}}|border_p15={{{border_p15|}}}|flag_p16={{{flag_p16|}}}|image_p16={{{image_p16|}}}|p16={{{p16|}}}|border_p16={{{border_p16|}}}|flag_p17={{{flag_p17|}}}|image_p17={{{image_p17|}}}|p17={{{p17|}}}|border_p17={{{border_p17|}}}|flag_p18={{{flag_p18|}}}|image_p18={{{image_p18|}}}|p18={{{p18|}}}|border_p18={{{border_p18|}}}|flag_p19={{{flag_p19|}}}|image_p19={{{image_p19|}}}|p19={{{p19|}}}|border_p19={{{border_p19|}}}|flag_p20={{{flag_p20|}}}|image_p20={{{image_p20|}}}|p20={{{p20|}}}|border_p20={{{border_p20|}}}|flag_p21={{{flag_p21|}}}|image_p21={{{image_p21|}}}|p21={{{p21|}}}|border_p21={{{border_p21|}}}|flag_p22={{{flag_p22|}}}|image_p22={{{image_p22|}}}|p22={{{p22|}}}|border_p22={{{border_p22|}}}|flag_s1={{{flag_s1|}}}|image_s1={{{image_s1|}}}|s1={{{s1|}}}|border_s1={{{border_s1|}}}|flag_s2={{{flag_s2|}}}|image_s2={{{image_s2|}}}|s2={{{s2|}}}|border_s2={{{border_s2|}}}|flag_s3={{{flag_s3|}}}|image_s3={{{image_s3|}}}|s3={{{s3|}}}|border_s3={{{border_s3|}}}|flag_s4={{{flag_s4|}}}|image_s4={{{image_s4|}}}|s4={{{s4|}}}|border_s4={{{border_s4|}}}|flag_s5={{{flag_s5|}}}|image_s5={{{image_s5|}}}|s5={{{s5|}}}|border_s5={{{border_s5|}}}|flag_s6={{{flag_s6|}}}|image_s6={{{image_s6|}}}|s6={{{s6|}}}|border_s6={{{border_s6|}}}|flag_s7={{{flag_s7|}}}|image_s7={{{image_s7|}}}|s7={{{s7|}}}|border_s7={{{border_s7|}}}|flag_s8={{{flag_s8|}}}|image_s8={{{image_s8|}}}|s8={{{s8|}}}|border_s8={{{border_s8|}}}|flag_s9={{{flag_s9|}}}|image_s9={{{image_s9|}}}|s9={{{s9|}}}|border_s9={{{border_s9|}}}|flag_s10={{{flag_s10|}}}|image_s10={{{image_s10|}}}|s10={{{s10|}}}|border_s10={{{border_s10|}}}|flag_s11={{{flag_s11|}}}|image_s11={{{image_s11|}}}|s11={{{s11|}}}|border_s11={{{border_s11|}}}|flag_s12={{{flag_s12|}}}|image_s12={{{image_s12|}}}|s12={{{s12|}}}|border_s12={{{border_s12|}}}|flag_s13={{{flag_s13|}}}|image_s13={{{image_s13|}}}|s13={{{s13|}}}|border_s13={{{border_s13|}}}|flag_s14={{{flag_s14|}}}|image_s14={{{image_s14|}}}|s14={{{s14|}}}|border_s14={{{border_s14|}}}|flag_s15={{{flag_s15|}}}|image_s15={{{image_s15|}}}|s15={{{s15|}}}|border_s15={{{border_s15|}}}|flag_s16={{{flag_s16|}}}|image_s16={{{image_s16|}}}|s16={{{s16|}}}|border_s16={{{border_s16|}}}|flag_s17={{{flag_s17|}}}|image_s17={{{image_s17|}}}|s17={{{s17|}}}|border_s17={{{border_s17|}}}|flag_s18={{{flag_s18|}}}|image_s18={{{image_s18|}}}|s18={{{s18|}}}|border_s18={{{border_s18|}}}|flag_s19={{{flag_s19|}}}|image_s19={{{image_s19|}}}|s19={{{s19|}}}|border_s19={{{border_s19|}}}|flag_s20={{{flag_s20|}}}|image_s20={{{image_s20|}}}|s20={{{s20|}}}|border_s20={{{border_s20|}}}|flag_s21={{{flag_s21|}}}|image_s21={{{image_s21|}}}|s21={{{s21|}}}|border_s21={{{border_s21|}}}|flag_s22={{{flag_s22|}}}|image_s22={{{image_s22|}}}|s22={{{s22|}}}|border_s22={{{border_s22|}}}}} }} | label135 = Today part of | data135 = {{{today|}}} | data136 = {{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}{{{footnote_b|}}}{{{footnote_c|}}}{{{footnote_d|}}}{{{footnote_e|}}}{{{footnote_f|}}}{{{footnote_g|}}}{{{footnote_h|}}} |<div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> {{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}|<li value=1>{{{footnote_a|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_b|}}}|<li value=2>{{{footnote_b|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_c|}}}|<li value=3>{{{footnote_c|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_d|}}}|<li value=4>{{{footnote_d|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_e|}}}|<li value=5>{{{footnote_e|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_f|}}}|<li value=6>{{{footnote_f|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_g|}}}|<li value=7>{{{footnote_g|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_h|}}}|<li value=8>{{{footnote_h|}}}</li>}} </ol></div>}} | data137 = {{#if:{{{footnote1|}}}{{{footnote2|}}}{{{footnote3|}}}{{{footnote4|}}}{{{footnote5|}}}{{{footnote6|}}}{{{footnote7|}}}{{{footnote8|}}} |<div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-num"> {{#if:{{{footnote1|}}}|<li value=1>{{{footnote1|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote2|}}}|<li value=2>{{{footnote2|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote3|}}}|<li value=3>{{{footnote3|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote4|}}}|<li value=4>{{{footnote4|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote5|}}}|<li value=5>{{{footnote5|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote6|}}}|<li value=6>{{{footnote6|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote7|}}}|<li value=7>{{{footnote7|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote8|}}}|<li value=8>{{{footnote8|}}}</li>}} </ol></div>}} | data138 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|<div class="ib-country-fn">{{{footnotes}}}{{#if:{{{footnotes2|}}}|<br>{{{footnotes2}}}}}</div>}} | data177 = {{{module|}}} | belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:{{{navbar|}}}| {{navbar|{{{navbar|}}}}} }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox country]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | regexp1 = border_[ps][%d]+ | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | regexp2 = date_event[%d]+ | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | regexp3 = deputy[%d]+ | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | regexp4 = established_date[%d]+ | regexp5 = established_event[%d]+ | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | regexp6 = event[%d]+ | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | regexp7 = flag_[ps][%d]+ | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | regexp8 = footnote_[a-h] | regexp9 = footnote[%d]+ | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | regexp10 = image_[ps][%d]+ | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | regexp11 = leader_name[%d]+ | regexp12 = leader_title[%d]+ | regexp13 = leader[%d]+ | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | module | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | regexp14 = [ps][%d]+ | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | regexp15 = ref_area[%d]+ | regexp16 = ref_pop[%d]+ | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | regexp17 = representative[%d]+ | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | regexp18 = stat_area[%d]+ | regexp19 = stat_pop[%d]+ | regexp20 = stat_year[%d]+ | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | regexp21 = year_deputy[%d]+ | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | regexp22 = year_leader[%d]+ | regexp23 = year_representative[%d]+ | year_start}}{{main other| {{#if:{{both|{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{image_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|A]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{alt_coat|}}}|{{{alt_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|B]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{motto|}}}|{{{national_motto|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|C]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{national_anthem|}}}|{{{anthem|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|D]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{other_symbol|}}}|{{{text_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|E]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{other_symbol_type|}}}|{{{text_symbol_type|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|F]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{largest_city|}}}|{{{largest_settlement|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|G]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{recognized_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_languages|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|H]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_national_languages|}}}}}{{both|{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_regional_languages|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|I]] }}{{#if:{{{official_languages|}}}||{{#if:{{{recognized_languages|}}}{{{recognised_languages|}}}{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}{{{recognised_national_languages|}}}{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}{{{recognised_regional_languages|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|J]]}} }}{{#if:{{both|{{{area_km2|}}}|{{{area_ha|}}}}}{{both|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|{{{area_land_ha|}}}}}{{both|{{{area_water_km2|}}}|{{{area_water_ha|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|K]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{DST|}}}|{{{time_zone_DST|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|L]] }}{{#if:{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}}||{{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|M]]}} }}{{#if:{{both|{{{sovereignty_type|}}}|{{{established|}}} }}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|O]] }}{{#if:{{{languages|}}}|{{#if:{{{languages_type|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|P]]}} }}{{#if:{{{languages2|}}}|{{#if:{{{languages2_type|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox country with syntax problems|P]]}} }}{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters|T{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{flag_caption|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters|C{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters|T{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{symbol_caption|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters|C{{PAGENAME}}]] }}}}<!-- Tracking categories from merge with {{infobox former country}}. After all cats are empty/have been checked, these can be removed. -->{{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{ucfirst:{{{status|}}}}}|Colony|{{main other|[[Category:Former country articles using status text with Colony or Exile]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{ucfirst:{{{status|}}}}}|Exile|{{main other|[[Category:Former country articles using status text with Colony or Exile]]}}}}}} }}<!--End of former country tracking cats--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gr52f93k8r2s4yn02ry2nmf1ksqple6 Template:Infobox country/styles.css 10 35177 128327 2026-09-06T10:12:40Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "/* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ib-country { border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.2em; } /* TODO split definitions to appropriate class names when live from HTML element */ .ib-country td, .ib-country th { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .in..." 128327 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ib-country { border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.2em; } /* TODO split definitions to appropriate class names when live from HTML element */ .ib-country td, .ib-country th { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data { border: 0; padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data { border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-country .infobox-header { text-align: left; } .ib-country .infobox-above { font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.2; } .ib-country-names { padding-top: 0.25em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-name-style { display: inline; } .ib-country .infobox-image { padding: 0.5em 0; } .ib-country-anthem { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; } .ib-country-map-caption { position: relative; top: 0.3em; } .ib-country-largest, .ib-country-lang { font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-ethnic, .ib-country-religion, .ib-country-sovereignty { font-weight: normal; display: inline; } .ib-country-fake-li { text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-fake-li2 { text-indent: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-website { line-height: 11pt; } .ib-country-map-caption3 { position: relative; top: 0.3em; } .ib-country-fn { text-align: left; margin: 0 auto; } .ib-country-fn-alpha { list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 1em; } .ib-country-fn-num { margin-left: 1em; } 5qczvx1shsrgpkv1ufrczmwc32yqg71 Template:Stack 10 35178 128328 2026-09-06T10:15:54Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "<templatestyles src="Stack/styles.css"/><div class="stack mw-stack {{#switch:{{{float|right}}}|left=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|left|true=clear-}}left|right=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|right|true=clear-}}right}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{1}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="ma..." 128328 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Stack/styles.css"/><div class="stack mw-stack {{#switch:{{{float|right}}}|left=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|left|true=clear-}}left|right=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|right|true=clear-}}right}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{1}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{2}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{3}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{4}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{5}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{6}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{7}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{8}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{9}}}</div>}}<!-- --></div>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using stack with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Stack]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | cellspacing | clear | float | margin }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> s3ljh1ncef581x8xqpi2ky3vktdbdr6 Template:Stack/styles.css 10 35179 128329 2026-09-06T10:17:10Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "/* {{pp-template}} */ .stack { box-sizing: border-box; } .stack > div { margin: 1px; overflow: hidden; } @media all and (min-width: 720px) { .stack-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; } .stack-clear-right { float: right; clear: right; } .stack-left { float: left; } .stack-right { float: right; } .stack-margin-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1em; } .stack-margin-clear-right { float: right; clear: righ..." 128329 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .stack { box-sizing: border-box; } .stack > div { margin: 1px; overflow: hidden; } @media all and (min-width: 720px) { .stack-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; } .stack-clear-right { float: right; clear: right; } .stack-left { float: left; } .stack-right { float: right; } .stack-margin-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1em; } .stack-margin-clear-right { float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; } .stack-margin-left { float: left; margin-right: 1em; } .stack-margin-right { float: right; margin-left: 1em; } } d52q07ht4d2goi0cwey2ba3cxmv0gq5 Template:Infobox former country 10 35180 128330 2026-09-06T10:19:13Z Fongcwele 16873 Redirected page to [[Template:Infobox country]] 128330 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Template:Infobox country]] o4haymzt5cy6dcgxwteuu523pvlp0gq Module:If preview 828 35181 128331 2026-09-06T10:29:06Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "local p = {} local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local yn = require("Module:Yesno") local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:If preview/configuration') --[[ main This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) if cfg.preview then return args[1] or '' else return args[2] or '' end end --[[ pmain This function..." 128331 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local yn = require("Module:Yesno") local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:If preview/configuration') --[[ main This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) if cfg.preview then return args[1] or '' else return args[2] or '' end end --[[ pmain This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module's parent (i.e. template using this module), depending on whether it is being previewed. ]] function p.pmain(frame) return p.main(frame:getParent()) end local function warning_text(warning) return mw.ustring.format( cfg.warning_infrastructure, cfg.templatestyles, warning ) end function p._warning(args) local warning = args[1] and args[1]:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or '' if warning == '' then return warning_text(cfg.missing_warning) end if not cfg.preview then return '' end if yn(args['consolewarning']) then mw.addWarning(args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) end return warning_text(warning) end --[[ warning This function returns a "preview warning", which is the first argument marked up with HTML and some supporting text, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] -- function p.warning(frame) -- mw.addWarning(frame.args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) -- return p._warning(frame.args) -- end --[[ warning, but for pass-through templates like {{preview warning}} ]] function p.pwarning(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._warning(args) end --[[ Does both mw.addWarning and preview warning ]] function p.warn(text) if text == nil or text == "" then return "" end mw.addWarning(text) return p._warning({text}) end --[[ Console warning ]] function p.consoleWarning(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) mw.addWarning(args[1] or cfg.missing_warning) return '' end return p 9xxiwh6yksz0t17svyd7nlq7rj3f5rk Module:If preview/configuration 828 35182 128332 2026-09-06T10:32:17Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "--[[ We perform the actual check for whether this is a preview here since preprocessing is relatively expensive. ]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local function is_preview() local revision_id = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') -- {{REVISIONID}} is usually the empty string when previewed. -- I don't know why we're checking for nil but hey, maybe someday things -- would have broken return revision_id == nil or revision_id == '' end local function templatestyl..." 128332 Scribunto text/plain --[[ We perform the actual check for whether this is a preview here since preprocessing is relatively expensive. ]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local function is_preview() local revision_id = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') -- {{REVISIONID}} is usually the empty string when previewed. -- I don't know why we're checking for nil but hey, maybe someday things -- would have broken return revision_id == nil or revision_id == '' end local function templatestyles() return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:If preview/styles.css' } } end return { preview = is_preview(), templatestyles = templatestyles(), warning_infrastructure = '%s<div class="preview-warning"><strong>Preview warning:</strong> %s</div>', missing_warning = 'The template has no warning text. Please add a warning.' } 7ccf9c7e3yxw9p4ke6iw4ndcfniweno Module:If preview/styles.css 828 35183 128333 2026-09-06T10:33:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "/* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .preview-warning { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: var(--color-error, red); } /* The templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes */ .preview-warning + span.mw-empty-elt + .preview-warning, /* remove this selector when Parsoid is the only parser, see also [[phab:T200206]] */ .preview-warning + link + .preview-warning { margin-top: -0.5em; }" 128333 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .preview-warning { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: var(--color-error, red); } /* The templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes */ .preview-warning + span.mw-empty-elt + .preview-warning, /* remove this selector when Parsoid is the only parser, see also [[phab:T200206]] */ .preview-warning + link + .preview-warning { margin-top: -0.5em; } f1m5cy9ikp9xcry3obpmw1xl2aem71y Umthetho Wezikole ZaseNingizimu Afrika, 1996 0 35184 128336 2026-09-06T10:55:15Z LondiweBridget 25427 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338233125|South African Schools Act, 1996]]" 128336 wikitext text/x-wiki Umthetho Wezikole ZaseNingizimu Afrika NO. 84 yasungulwa uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ngo mhlaka 15 November 1996. Lo Mthetho uwakhiwe futhi unikeze uhlelo oluvamile lwezinhlangano, ukubusa nokuxhaswa ngezimali kwezikole zezwe. Ihlelwe yaba izahluko eziyi isikhombisa mayelana nokwakheka kwezikole, ukuxhasa kwazo, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikole kanye nokwakheka kwenqubo yezemfundo. Izikole zihlukaniswa zaba amabanga aphansi okanye amabanga aphakeme. Zombili lezi izinhlobo zezikole zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu kanye nezine, ngokulandelana. Umthetho wenza imfundo esemabangeni aphansi iphoqeleke kuzo zonke izingane kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. * [[Imfundo eNingizimu Afrika]] == Uhlu lwemithombo == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Imfundo yaseNingizimu Afrika]] 4lbks9pbh1yxsnp7e4ylt4giq8nh19t