Wikipedia zuwiki https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4702 129202 127363 2026-09-19T17:33:16Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | bgcolour = #EEDD82 | name = Leonardo da Vinci | image = Leonardo da Vinci - Self-Portrait - WGA12798.jpg | caption = Ukuzimfanekiso, c. 1512 [[Royal Library of Turin]] | birth_name = Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci | birth_date = {{birth date|1452|4|15|mf=y }} | birth_place = Vinci, [[iTaliya]], eduze na-Florence | death_date = {{death date and age|1519|5|2|1452|4|15|mf=y}} | death_place = Amboise, [[iFulansi]] | nationality = baTaliya | field = | movement = | works = ''[[Mona Lisa]]'', ''[[The Last Supper]]'', ''[[The Vitruvian Man]]'' | signature = Firma de Leonardo Da VInci.svg }} '''Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci''' ({{IPA-it|leoˈnardo da ˈvintʃi}} {{Audio|it-Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci.ogg|ukuphimisela}}; uMbaso 15, 1452&nbsp;– 2 ngoNhlaba, 1519) singumpendi, umqophi, umakhi, umdlali womculo, isazi, isazi wezibalo, unjiniyela, umqambi, isazi womzimba, isazi womhlaba, isazi wabalazwe, nosozimila. <gallery> File:Study of a Tuscan Landscape.jpg|Leonardo's earliest known drawing, the Arno Valley (1473), [[Uffizi]] File:Andrea_del_Verrocchio,_Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Baptism_of_Christ_-_Uffizi.jpg|''[[The Baptism of Christ (Verrocchio)|The Baptism of Christ]]'' (1472–1475)—[[Uffizi]], by Verrocchio and Leonardo File:Vinci casa Leonardo.jpg|Leonardo's childhood home in [[Anchiano]] File:Leonardo da Vinci - Adorazione dei Magi - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[Adoration of the Magi (Leonardo)|The Adoration of the Magi]]'', (1481)—[[Uffizi]] </gallery> == Unfunda futhi == {{Wikipedia books}} == Imithombo == {{reflist|colwidth=30em|group="nb"}} {{reflist|25em}} {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite book | author = Daniel Arasse| title = Leonardo da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavincir0000aras| publisher = Konecky & Konecky | year = 1997 | isbn = 1-56852-1987}} * {{cite book | author = Michael Baxandall | title = Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy | url = https://archive.org/details/paintingexperien00baxa | year = 1974 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 0-19-881329-5}} * {{cite book | author = Fred Bérence | title = Léonard de Vinci, L'homme et son oeuvre | publisher = Somogy | year = 1965 | id = Dépot légal 4° trimestre 1965}} * {{cite book | author = Luciano Berti | title = The Uffizi | year = 1971 | publisher = Scala}} * {{cite book | author = Liana Bortolon| title = The Life and Times of Leonardo | publisher = Paul Hamlyn, London | year = 1967 | id = }} * {{cite book | author = Hugh Brigstoke| title = The Oxford Companion the Western Art | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_z2o5| publisher = U.S.: Oxford University Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 0198662033}} * {{cite book | author = Gene A. Brucker| title = Renaissance Florence | url = https://archive.org/details/renaissanceflore00bruc| publisher = Wiley and Sons| year = 1969 | isbn = 0471113700}} * {{cite book | author = Fritjof Capra | title = The Science of Leonardo | url = https://archive.org/details/scienceofleonard00capr | publisher = Doubleday | location = U.S. | year = 2007 |isbn = 9780385513906}} * {{cite book | author = Cennino Cennini | title = Il Libro Dell'arte O Trattato Della Pittui | publisher = BiblioBazaar | location = U.S. | year = 2009 |isbn = 9781103390328}} * {{cite book | author = Angela Ottino della Chiesa| title = The Complete Paintings of Leonardo da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/completepainting0000leon| publisher = Penguin Classics of World Art series | year = 1967 | isbn = 0-14-00-8649-8}} * {{cite book | author = Simona Cremante | title = Leonardo da Vinci: Artist, Scientist, Inventor | publisher = Giunti | year = 2005 | isbn = 88-09-03891-6 (hardback)}} * {{cite book | author = Frederich Hartt| title = A History of Italian Renaissance Art | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofitalian0000hart_h8b7| publisher = Thames and Hudson | year = 1970 | isbn = 0500231362}} * {{cite book | author = Michael H. Hart | title = [[The 100]] | publisher = Carol Publishing Group | year = 1992 | isbn = 0-8065-1350-0 (paperback)}} * {{cite book | author = Martin Kemp| title = Leonardo | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardo00kemp| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2004 | isbn = 0192806440}} * {{cite book| author = Mario Lucertini, Ana Millan Gasca, Fernando Nicolo | title = Technological Concepts and Mathematical Models in the Evolution of Modern Engineering Systems| url = https://archive.org/details/technologicalcon0000unse | work = | publisher = Birkhauser| year = 2004| isbn = 376436940X}} * {{cite book | author = John N. Lupia| title = The Secret Revealed: How to Look at [[Italian Renaissance Painting]] | publisher = Medieval and Renaissance Times, Vol. 1, no. 2 (Summer, 1994): 6–17 | issn = 1075-2110}} * {{cite book | author = Andrew Martindale| title = The Rise of the Artist | url = https://archive.org/details/riseofartistinmi0000mart_a6t2| publisher = Thames and Hudson | year = 1972 | isbn = 0500560064}} * {{cite book | author = [[Roger Masters]] | title = Machiavelli, Leonardo and the Science of Power | url = https://archive.org/details/machiavellileona0000mast | publisher = University of Notre Dame Press | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-268-01433-7}} * {{cite book | author = [[Roger Masters]] | title = Fortune is a River: Leonardo Da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli's Magnificent Dream to Change the Course of Florentine History | url = https://archive.org/details/fortuneisriverle0000mast | publisher = Simon & Schuster | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-452-28090-7}} * {{cite book | author = Charles D. O'Malley and J. B. de C. M. Sounders | title = Leonardo on the Human Body: The Anatomical, Physiological, and Embryological Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci. With Translations, Emendations and a Biographical Introduction | publisher = Henry Schuman, New York | year = 1952 | id = }} * {{cite book | author = Charles Nicholl | title = Leonardo da Vinci, The Flights of the Mind | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavinci00char | publisher = Penguin | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-14-029681-6}} * {{cite book | author = Sherwin B. Nuland| title = Leonardo Da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavinci0000nula| publisher = Phoenix Press | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-7538-1269X}} * {{cite book | author =A.E. Popham | title = The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci | publisher = Jonathan Cape | year = 1946 | isbn = 0224604627}} * {{cite book | author =Shana Priwer & Cynthia Phillips | title = The Everything Da Vinci Book: Explore the Life and Times of the Ultimate Renaissance Man | url =https://archive.org/details/everythingdavinc0000phil | publisher = Adams Media | year = 2006 | isbn = 1598691015}} * {{cite book | author = Ilan Rachum| title = The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia'' | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780706408577| publisher = Octopus | year = 1979 | isbn = 0-7064-0857-8}} * {{cite book | author = [[Jean Paul Richter]] | title = The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/notebooksofleona01leon | publisher = Dover | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-486-22572-0}} volume 2: ISBN 0-486-22573-9. A reprint of [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/5000 the original 1883 edition]. * {{cite book | author = Marco Rosci| title = Leonardo | publisher = Bay Books Pty Ltd| year = 1977 | isbn = 0858351765}} * {{cite book | author = Paolo Rossi| title = The Birth of Modern Science | url = https://archive.org/details/birthofmodernsci0000ross| publisher = Blackwell Publishing| year = 2001 | isbn = 0631227113}} * {{cite book | author = Bruno Santi | title = Leonardo da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavinci0000unse_r9r4 | publisher = Scala / Riverside | year = 1990}} * {{cite book |author = Theophilus | title = On Divers Arts |url = https://archive.org/details/ondiversartstrea0000theo | publisher = University of Chicago Press | location=U.S. |year = 1963 | isbn = 9780226794822}} * {{cite book | author = Jack Wasserman | title = Leonardo da Vinci | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardo0000leon | publisher = Abrams | year = 1975 | isbn = 0-8109-0262-1}} * {{cite book | author = [[Giorgio Vasari]]| title = Lives of the Artists'' | url = https://archive.org/details/livesofartists0000vasa_e8b4| publisher = Penguin Classics, trans. George Bull 1965| year = 1568 | isbn = 0-14-044-164-6}} * {{Cite book | first = Hugh Ross | last = Williamson | title = Lorenzo the Magnificent | url = https://archive.org/details/lorenzomagnifice0000ross | year = 1974 | publisher = Michael Joseph | isbn = 0718112040}} * {{cite book | author = Emanuel Winternitz | title=Leonardo Da Vinci As a Musician | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavincia0000wint | year=1982 | publisher=Yale University Press | location=U.S. | isbn=9780300026313}} * {{cite book | author = Alessandro Vezzosi | title = Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance Man | url = https://archive.org/details/leonardodavincir0000vezz | publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd, London | year = 1997 (English translation) | isbn = 0-500-30081-X}} * {{cite book | author = Frank Zollner | title = Leonardo da Vinci: The Complete Paintings and Drawings | publisher = Taschen | year = 2003 | isbn = 3-8228-1734-1 (hardback)}} [The chapter "The Graphic Works" is by Frank Zollner & Johannes Nathan]. {{refend}} == Amakhasi amangaphandle == {{Sister project links|s=Author:Leonardo da Vinci}} * {{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo da Vinci]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}} * [http://leonardovirginoftherocks.blogspot.com/ Leonardo da Vinci and ''the Virgin of the Rocks'', A different point of view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703103754/http://leonardovirginoftherocks.blogspot.com/ |date=2018-07-03 }} * {{gutenberg author|Leonardo_da_Vinci}} * {{gutenberg|no=7785|name=Leonardo da Vinci'' by Maurice Walter Brockwell'}} * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/dv/index.htm Complete text & images of Richter's translation of the Notebooks] * [http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/l/leonardo/ Web Gallery of Leonardo Paintings] * [http://www.drawingsofleonardo.org/ Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci] * [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1860869,00.html Da Vinci Decoded] Article from ''[[The Guardian]]'' * [http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/235 The true face of Leonardo Da Vinci?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626075636/http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/235 |date=2008-06-26 }} * [http://www.ivu.org/history/davinci/hurwitz.html Leonardo da Vinci's Ethical Vegetarianism] * [http://fulltextarchive.com/pages/The-Notebooks-of-Leonardo-Da-Vinci-Complete1.php The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/leonardo Leonardo da Vinci at BBC Science] * [http://davincideluge.blogspot.com/ Selected 'prophecies' from Volume II of the notebooks (translated)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506203820/http://davincideluge.blogspot.com/ |date=2016-05-06 }} *[http://hos.ou.edu/galleries//15thCentury/Leonardo/ Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515203249/http://hos.ou.edu/galleries/15thCentury/Leonardo/ |date=2012-05-15 }} High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Leonardo da Vinci in .jpg and .tiff format. * [http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci-anatomist Leonardo da Vinci: Anatomist] The Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace, Friday, 4 May 2012 to Sunday, 7 October 2012. High-resolution anatomical drawings. | PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Anchiano]] by [[Vinci, Italy]] | DATE OF DEATH={{death date|1519|5|2|mf=y}} | PLACE OF DEATH=[[Clos Lucé]], France }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Leonardo Da Vinci}} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1452]] [[Category:Abafa nge-1519]] [[Category:Leonardo da Vinci| ]] 9rxa7gq5olh7bn60a3siks4vs25c2v2 2 9882 129189 128833 2026-09-19T14:19:13Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 129189 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19953712 } |section= |sort=P39/Q19953712/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19953712/P580:Start date,P39/Q19953712/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q34282|Alberto Vaquina]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[File:Alberto Vaquina.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57392|Armando Guebuza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Armando Guebuza 2014-08-11.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q236020|Luísa Diogo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2013-03-29 | [[File:Luisa Diogo, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009 1.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q357430|Aires Ali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[File:Aires Ali.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1315233|Sérgio Vieira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1383773|Pascoal Mocumbi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1438841|Sebastião Marcos Mabote]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1893287|Marcelino dos Santos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Marcelino dos Santos 1975.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1957066|Mário da Graça Machungo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2133237|Raúl Domingos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q2440581|Tomaz Salomão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-02-28 | [[File:Tomaz Salomão, 071203-F-9074R-001.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2832185|Alcinda Abreu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[File:Alcinda Abreu UNDP 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4711973|Alberto Chipande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4739019|Amade Camal]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5340644|Eduardo Joaquim Mulémbwè]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5398931|Esperança Bias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Esperança Bias.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5643918|Hama Thai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5993938|David Simango]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Simango David 2006.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6077711|Isabel Nkavadeka]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1999 | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6153514|Janet Mondlane]]'' | | [[IMelika]]<br/>[[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6291941|José Condungua Pacheco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | [[File:Jose Pacheco (6964747611) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6292303|José Gabriel Manteigas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6526096|Leonardo Simão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6722501|Verónica Macamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1994 | 2020-01-20 | [[File:President of National Assembly, Veronica Macamo, at Maputo, in Mozambique (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6752965|Manuel de Araújo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Manuel de Araujo USAID.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6760997|Maria Angelina Dique Enoque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1994 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6762420|Mariano de Araújo Matsinhe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7701012|Teodato Hunguana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1977 | 2003 | [[File:Teodato Hunguana.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7811637|Tobias Joaquim Dai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9629194|Armando Artur]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q10272837|Eneas da Conceição Comiche]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2019-03-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19057400|Carlos Agostinho do Rosário]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-01-20 | [[File:Mozambican Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho do Rosario.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19613993|Ivone Soares]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-01 | | [[File:Ivone Soares in Maputo Mozambique.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19816448|Carmelita Namashulua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-01-20 | [[File:USAID @ MZ Mother Language Day.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19834060|Adelaide Amurane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20014463|Vitória Diogo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-01-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20192117|Jaime Basílio Monteiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-04-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q25428943|Carvalho Muária]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-06-05<br/>2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q27220074|Nyeleti Mondlane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1994 | 2014<br/>2020-01-24 | [[File:P029697000601-425303 Nyeleti Brooke Mondlane.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42897817|Isabel Casimiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1995 | 1999 | |- | ''[[:d:Q55106039|Ossufo Momade]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1999 | 2018 | [[File:Ossufo Momade VOA.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55237841|Rui Baltazar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1975 | 1992 | |- | ''[[:d:Q63507934|Francisco Madeira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Francisco Madeira - 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65160367|Hélder Muteia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Helder Muteia 9M1A0545.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q83864924|Fernando Ganhão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1977-12 | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q88473923|Manuel Chang]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q88624340|Francisco Marcelino]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q94839123|Mércia Viriato Licá]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96195503|Paulina Mateus Nkunda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-01 | 2013 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97031273|Abdul Razak]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97031320|Eliseu Joaquim Machava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97033016|Raimundo Pachinuapa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97034513|Raimundo Maico Diomba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97036050|Rosário Mualeia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97061797|Maurício Vieira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119572|Maria Elias Jonas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119885|Telmina Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97119895|Alfredo Namitete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97120115|Cidália Manuel Chaúque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97148316|Alfredo Cepeda Gamito]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97148662|Francisca Domingos Tomás]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-10-23<br/>2020-02-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97221887|Felício Pedro Zacarias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97228015|Francisco de Assis Masquil]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97285065|Joaquim Veríssimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105001942|Amélia Sumbana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Amelia Narciso Matos Sumbana of Mozambique in 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q105325412|Maria Veloso]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1977 | No/unknown value | |- | ''[[:d:Q105326708|Salomé Moiane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1977 | 2004 | |- | ''[[:d:Q105326781|Teresa Tembo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q106547696|Salimo Abdula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Salimo Abdula 2020 (1).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q109950528|Margarida Talapa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-01-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q109950913|Carlos Jorge Siliya]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111816864|Margarida Mapanzene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-02-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828598|Açucena Xavier Duarte]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2014-08-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828599|Aguiar Mazula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828600|Aiuba Cuereneia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828602|Alcido Nguenah]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828603|Alexandre Manguele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828609|Antonio Namburete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828613|Arnaldo Nhavoto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828616|Bernardo Ferraz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828620|Castigo Langa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828621|Conceita Ernesto Xavier Sortane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828625|Feliciano Salomão Gundana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828637|Lucas Chomera]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828638|Luciano André de Castro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2023-05-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111828656|Tomás Mandlate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:The Agriculture Minister, Republic of Mozambique, Mr. Tomas Frederica Mandlate shaking hands with the Minister of State for Agriculture, Shri Kanti Lal Bhuria, in New Delhi on November 21, 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111828658|Virgília Matabele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111829801|Jaime Himede]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841428|Abacar Chande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841429|Abdala Ossifo Ibraimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841432|Abdul Gafur Mamade Hossene Issufo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841433|Abiba Aba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841434|Afonso Januário Bombene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2024-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841435|Afonso Lopes Nipero]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841436|Agostinho André Likangóne]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841437|Agostinho Cosme Manje]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841438|Agostinho Gomes Chipindula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841439|Agostinho José Lobato]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841440|Agostinho Zacarias Vuma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2022-11-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841441|Aida Maria Soares]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841549|Irene Joaquim]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841550|Isac Lucas Mandava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841551|Isaura António Júlio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841552|Isaura da Uaitura Albino]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841553|Isequiel Molde Gusse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841554|Isidora da Esperança Faztudo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2015-06-11 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841555|Ivan Amaral Chinganhane Mazanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841556|Jacinto Gabriel Lourenço Inácio Capito]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841557|Jaime Neto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841558|Janete Nelsone Tenene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841559|Jemusse Amido Lada]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841560|Jerónima Agostinho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841561|Jerónimo Malagueta Nalia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841562|Joana Anacleto Vasco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841563|Joana Muchanga Mondlane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841564|Joana Simão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841565|Joaquim Greva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841566|José Bento Coffe Mutsanhe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841568|José Carlos Cruz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841569|José Henrique Lopes]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2018-05-08 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841571|José Horácio Lourenço Lobo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841572|José Manuel de Sousa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841573|José Manuel Samo Gudo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841574|José Mateus Muária Katupha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841588|José Nicolau]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841589|José Tsingano Camanula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841590|Jovial Setina Mutombene M. da Cruz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841591|João Paulo Pereira de Albuquerque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841592|Juliana Vitória Picardo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841593|Julieta António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841594|Justina Sambil]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841595|Justino Paulo Langa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841597|Lassimo Ossifo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841598|Latifo Ismael Xarifo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841600|Laura Fernanda Souto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841601|Laura Maria de Jesus Amadeu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841602|Laurinda Silva Pedro António Cheia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841603|Leopoldo Alfredo Ernesto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841604|Lina Francisco Fafetine Ofiço]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Visitas.Visitantes (28992726971).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841606|Lourenço César Sufria]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841607|Lucinda Bela das Dores Impitule Malema]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841608|Lucília José Manuel Nota Hama]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2010-01-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841609|Lutero Simango]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Lutero Simango, MDM VOA Português.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841610|Lutsé Esperança Mirione Rumeia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841611|Lúcia Pedro Mafuaine]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841612|Lúcia Xavier Afate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841613|Manuel Vasconcelos E. Manuel Maria]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841614|Manuel Zeca Bissopo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841615|Margarida Manuel Salimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841617|Margarido Salvador Abrantes]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841618|Maria Anastácia da Costa Xavier]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2021-01-27 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841619|Maria Bachir]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841620|Maria Helena]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841621|Maria Inês Martins]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841622|Maria Marta Mateus Fernando]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841623|Mariana Caisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841624|Marquita Alexandre Loforte Jaime]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841625|Martinha Januário Benfica]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841627|Matias José Matias Nhongue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841628|Miguel Anlawe Musssa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841629|Miguel Celestino Mpamba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841630|Mohamad da Costa Ali Yassine]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2022-11-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841631|Muhamad Bacir Abdul Remane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841632|Muhamedrachid Sulemane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841633|Mustagibo Atimo Bachir]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841634|Mário Ali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841635|Mário Franque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841636|Nilza Henguissere Narciso]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841637|Odete Isaias Motiça]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841638|Ofélia Timóteo Mutombene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841639|Olinda Francisco Langa Mith]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-09-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841640|Olinda Navais]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841641|Patrício M'pagai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841643|Paulo Vahanle]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-05-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841644|Pedro Frederico Cossa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841645|Pedro Tesoura Chichova]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841646|Rachade Carvalho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841647|Rafael António de Sousa Gusmão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2017-09-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841649|Rafael Lourenço Chande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841650|Raimundo Pitágoras Lauma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841651|Ramulata Mahumudo Irache]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841652|Regina Macuacua Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841653|Ricardina Suia Albano Mazive]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841654|Ricardo Frederico Francisco Tomás]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841655|Rui Sixpence Gonzane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841656|Saimone Muhambi Macuaina]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841657|Sande Castigo Carmona]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841658|Sandura Vasco Ambrósio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841659|Sara Mamudo Abdula Vassanegy]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841660|Sebastião da Costa Sebastião]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841661|Severiano Romão Khoy]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841662|Severina Tiago Banze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841663|Silvério Eugénio Samuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841664|Simão Bute]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841665|Simões Paulo Mário]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841666|Sofrimento Funai Matequenha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841667|Sérgio José Camunga Pantie]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841668|Sónia Maria Vasco Mepameia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841671|Valdemiro de G. Pascoal Nhancengo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841672|Valentina Justa Puchar Mtumuke]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843439|Mussabay Issufo Gani]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843440|Mário da Cruz de Amaral]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843442|Natércia Mutide Pilima]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843443|Nerina Jone Bustani]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843444|Nharongue Mário Muringa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843445|Noel Brácio Nandena]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843446|Nunes Age Antage]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843447|Olívia Fernando Matavele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843448|Osório João Soto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843449|Palma Pinto da Conceição José Maria]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843450|Paulino Santos Lenço]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-07-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843451|Paulo Rosário Phatama]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843452|Pedro António Bila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843454|Ricardo Joaquim Nguiriche Gerente]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843455|Rita Bento Muianga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843456|Rogério Ernesto Mboa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843457|Sabir José Vasco Maquege]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843458|Safi Mahomed Reman Gulamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843459|Samuel Eugénio Mandlate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843460|Saripa Trinta Namuira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843461|Saíde Fidel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843462|Sebastião Inácio Saíde]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843463|Sefo Sente]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843465|Sábado Alamo Chombe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843466|Uale Amado]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843467|Vasco David Gaspar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843469|Zacarias José]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843470|Zacarias João Chivavi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843471|Zaia Miquitaio Cafumbe Valeta]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843472|Zainane Memane Ossumane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843473|Zuria Tuaibo Assumane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843474|Álvaro António Faquirá Caul]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843475|Ângela Catarina Vidigal Fole Marizane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843500|José Domingos Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904539|Abel Ernesto Safrao]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904540|Abel Gabriel Mabunda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904541|Abílio Adelaide António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904542|Agostinho Nampera Sualeia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904543|Agostinho Semende Murrial]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904544|Agostinho Ussene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904545|Ahamed Ismail Musa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904546|Aissa Ossufo Suale]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904547|Aiuba Ismail]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904548|Aiuba Megama Abdul Camal]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904549|Albertina Vicente Pelembe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904550|Alberto Conforme Tigre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904551|Alberto Manuel Sarande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904552|Albino Munafaene Ducuza Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904554|Alexandre Siveto Massingue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904555|Alfredo Maria São Bernardo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904556|Almeida dos Santos Tambara]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904558|Ana Alberto Sabonete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904559|Ana Maria Rafael]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904561|Anacleta Torres Caliano Meque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904562|Anatercia de Fatima Ismael Aly Adriano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904563|André Jumamossi Malhembudi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904564|Ângela Maria do Carmo Benesse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904565|Anselmo Ernesto Victor]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904567|António K Mafuta Banda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904568|António Muanayange]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904569|Armando Maria Pereira Constantino Julio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904571|Augusto Janeiro Gumbaza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904572|Aurelio Amandio Zilhao]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904573|Aurora Mussane Murrime]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904574|Bachir Kassimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904575|Bernardo Assumane Sabao]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904576|Carlos Alexandre dos Reis]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904577|Carlos da Piedade]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904578|Carlos Macareia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904579|Carolina Halime Chemane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904580|Casimiro Pedro Sacadura Huate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904581|Catarina Albertina Ratibo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904582|Celina Elias Solomone]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904583|Chico Francisco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904584|Constância António Devesse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904585|Cornelio Quivela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904586|Cristovao Felipe Soares]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904587|Cristóvão Gemusse Nhacatete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904588|Cristóvão Sucane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904589|Daniel Litsure]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904590|Danilo Amarcy Ragú]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2014 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904591|David Alone Selemane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904592|Dionísio Quelhas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904594|Domingos Pilale]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904595|Duarte Cassiano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904596|Edgar Alfredo Cossa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904597|Eduardo Augusto Elias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904598|Eliado Jossias Mussengue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904600|Elisa Nicolau José de Melo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904601|Elvino José de Sousa Ferrão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904602|Elvira Luis Mabunda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904603|Ernesto Cassimuca Lipapa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904604|Ernesto Filipe Mausse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904605|Ernesto Muala]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904606|Etelvina Rita Joaquim Fevereiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904607|Eugénio Numaio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904608|Fátima Luis Omar Danune]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904609|Faustina Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904610|Faustino Licaneque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904612|Faustino Mateus]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841673|Valéria José Mitilela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2024-01-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841674|Vasco Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841675|Venâncio António Bila Mondlane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-06-29<br/>2024-06-03 | [[File:Venâncio Mondlane 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841676|Vergonha Abudo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841677|Viana da Silva Magalhães]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841678|Victor Viandro Mudivila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841680|Virgínia Oreste Kwavateka Gondola]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841681|Yonusse Amad]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841682|Zezinho Ricardo José]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841683|Ássia Paulo Cipriano Abudo Ali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843320|Abdul Zacarias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2018-10-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843321|Abdula Tarmamade Abdula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843322|Adelino Andissene Silveira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843325|Agostinho Navanssuane Chelua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843326|Agostinho Pinto Mussuluaia Muapilote]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2022-11-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843327|Agostinho Sairosse Maeni]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843329|Alberto Francisco Valoi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843331|Alberto José Bacar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843332|Alberto João Ferreira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843333|Alberto Lives Andela Niquice]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843334|Alexandre Tiago]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843335|Alice Ana Francisco Xavier Kufa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843338|Ana Armando Chapo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843339|Ana Maria de Lourdes Massengele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843340|Ana Maria Simante]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843341|António do Rosário Bernardino Boene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843342|António Eusébio Mulima]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843343|António Joaquim Mainato]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843344|Arlinda Cipriano de Sousa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843345|Arlindo Arrido Maquival]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843346|Arlindo Daniel Bila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843347|Arnaldo Francisco Chalaua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843348|Atanásio Quirino Machude]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843349|Aureliana Otília Filipe Jamisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843350|Balbina Deolinda Raibo Mateus]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843351|Bonito Novunga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843352|Brígida Anita Jorge Mathavele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2021-02-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843354|Carlos Sebastião Chissingue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843355|Carminda da Graça Barata]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843357|Catarinha Mário Dimande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843359|Clarice da Esperança Milato]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843360|Clementina Francisco Bomba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843361|Cristina Chelene Manhice Sevene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843362|Daly Assumane Kumanda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2021-02-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843363|Dias Julião Letela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843364|Dionísio Cherewa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843365|Domingas Gonçalves José Ferrão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843366|Dominic Phiri]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843367|Dores Armando Izidro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843368|Bonifácio Gruveta]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-09-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843369|Edson Judite Calisto Nhangumele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843370|Elcina Eugénio Marindze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843371|Elias Gilberto Impuiri]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843372|Elias Macacho Marceta Dhlakama]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843373|Elvira Pinto Duarte Timana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843374|Eusébio Nanguia Nipite Mulange]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843376|Faizal Américo António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843378|Flora Enosse José]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843379|Fátima Machona Dias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843380|Fátima Rais Aly Mpemba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843381|Gabriel Junior]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Gabriel Junior em 2025.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111843382|Germano José Joaquim]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843383|Gilberto Francisco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843384|Glória Ernesto Matuassa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843385|Henriqueta Fabião Cuna]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843386|Hermenegildo Bernardo Devesse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843387|Hermenegildo Domingos Chiúre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843388|Hermínio Morais]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843389|Hortência Gaurassue Zacarias Magibire de]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843390|Idalina Felix Nitasse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843391|Inácia Henriques Carneiro Ngonde]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843392|Inácio João Reis]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843393|Isaltina Maria Campioni Biwi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843394|Ivone Sansão Bila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843395|Joana Júlia Seifana Mucamba Ravia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843396|Joaquina Oreste Siliya]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843397|Jonas Fenias Sitoe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843410|Josefa Jacinto Musica]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843412|João Catemba Chacuamba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843413|João Samuel Watchy]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843414|Kintheyaro Júlia Mariana Aguacheiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843415|Luísa André Avelino Cuchamano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843416|Lúcia José Madeira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843418|Manuel Alex Muacuane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843419|Manuel Pereira Zuze Caliquete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843420|Manuel Rodrigo Ramessane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843423|Margarida José Naiete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843424|Maria Alice Saize]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843425|Maria Celeste Mucote Mavungue Cachite]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843426|Maria Inês Ntseka]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843427|Maria Isabel Luís da Silva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843428|Maria Joaquina Júlio Inácio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843429|Mateus Elias Damião Faimane da Silva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843430|Mateus Muchacuare Tomo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843431|Matias Filipe Macamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843433|Milissão Castomo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843434|Mirna Isabel Chibuco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843435|Momade Arnaldo Juízo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843436|Muanaiamo Pinto Massua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111843437|Muanarera Abdala]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904613|Feliciano Anjo Bernardo Mata]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904614|Fernando Saide]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904615|Filipa Baltazar da Costa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904616|Francisco Domingos Machambisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-10-09 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904617|Francisco João José Dias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904618|Francisco João Pateguana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904620|Francisco Rupansane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904622|Graça César Machaiane Nhanala Nhaliginga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904623|Hariazate Suria]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904625|Helena da Zinha Paulo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904626|Henriques Bone Mulieca]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904627|Hermenegildo Maria Cepeda Gamito]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904629|Herondina Herculano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904630|Hilario Latina]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904631|Hilario Pires Beja]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904634|Hipolito Jesus Fernandes X do Couto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904635|Horacio José Namalve]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904636|Ilídio António Alfredo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904638|Inacio Jossitala]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904639|Isau Joaquim Meneses]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904640|Jaime Mussa Massesse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904641|Janeiro Mariano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904642|Jeremias Pondeca Munguambe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904643|João Alexandre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904644|João Macuamule]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904645|João Manuel Alvaro Goncalves]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904646|João Manuel Rocha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904647|Joe Lucas de Figueireiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904648|Joel Matias Libombo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904649|José Augusto Mazuana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904650|José Carlos Rodrigues Palaco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904651|José do Rosario]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904652|José Ferreira Muivai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904653|José Maria Sisto Carrau]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904654|José Mascarenhas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904655|José Patricio Manuel Andre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904656|José Zeca Arijama]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904657|Judite Angelina Macoo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904658|Khalid Hussene Muhamed Sidat]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904659|Laurinda José Pequenino]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904660|Lazaro Ernesto Mabone]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904663|Lerina dos Prazeres dos Santos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904664|Linete Eunice Gonoury]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904665|Lorenco Juma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904666|Lucia Xavier]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904667|Luis Alberto Franco Afonso Videira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904668|Luis Benedito Gouveia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904669|Luis Boavida Mudivela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904670|Luis Garife Matsangaice]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904671|Luis Inacio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904672|Lurdes António Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904673|Lurdes Daniel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904676|Mahomed Rucundino Dula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904677|Maneca Daniel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904678|Manuel Fernandes Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904679|Manuel Henrique Franque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904680|Manuel Jorge Tome]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904681|Manuel Jose dos Santos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904682|Manuel Nongofe Bendzane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-11-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904683|Manuel Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904684|Maria Angela Ismael Manjate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904687|Maria Antonia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904688|Maria das Dores de António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904689|Maria de Lurdes Gouveia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904690|Maria Isabel Ferreira Lima]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904691|Maria Josefa Miguel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2012-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904692|Maria Matilde Alves Lampião Soares]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904693|Maria Tereza Nilimo Nanvarre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904694|Maria Virginia Sousa Videira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904696|Mário Ciquenta Naula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904697|Mateus Anibal Malichocho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904699|Mateus Lucas António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2011-05-31 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904700|Matias Alberto Ngulela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904701|Máximo Dias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904703|Milho de Castro Akili]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904705|Mustafa Rachide]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904706|Natercia Felizarda de Jesus Matiquite]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904708|Nelson Afonso Alberto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904709|Orlando Pedro Candua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904710|Ossufo Muze Quitine]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904711|Ossumane Ali Dauto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904712|Osvaldo Filipe Jabu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904713|Padimbe Mabosse Kamati Andrea]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904714|Palmira Angelina Pedro Francisco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Palmira Pedro Francisco 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111904715|Pauco Muatamulo Nanpuio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904716|Paulino Luis Branquinho Valia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904717|Pedro Armando Alberto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904718|Rachide João Tayobe Mahomed]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904719|Rafael Maguni]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904720|Rahil Samsser Khan]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904721|Raquel Carlos José Damião]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904722|Raul João Balate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904723|José António da Conceição Chichava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904725|Raul Ribeiro Munhuaua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904726|Ricardo Sebastião de Oliveira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904727|Roberto Maximiano Chitsonzo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904728|Rosa Florencia Chucua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904729|Rosa Isabel Maope]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904730|Rosalia Celestina José Lumbela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904731|Rosita Maluane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841442|Ainca Micusserima Chande]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841445|Aisácia João Chochoma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841446|Albano Bulaunde José]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841447|Albertina Ilda Lino]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Albertina Ilda Lino (28451156403).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841448|Albertina Jocia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2019-10-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841449|Albertina Julião Matavele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841450|Alberto Jacinto Nancuta Mtukutuku]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2024-03-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841451|Alberto Jumulate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841454|Alfredo Jaime]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841455|Alfredo Tomás Magumisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841456|Alice Caetano Tomás]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841457|Almina Manuel Monteiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841458|Alves Jordão Zita]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841459|Amilcar José Hussein]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841460|Américo José Ubisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841461|Américo Paulo Noé Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841462|Ana Antónia Henrique Dimitri]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841463|Ana Paula Orta Cordeiro Manhique]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841464|Ana Paula Victorino J. P. da Graça]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841465|Ana Rita Sithole]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | [[File:Ana-Rita Sithole - 1st Session of the OACPS-EU.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111841466|André Joaquim Magibire]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841467|António Rufino Cara-alegre Tembe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841468|Antónia Simão Paulo Charre]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841470|António José Amélia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841471|António Pedro Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841472|António Rosário Niquice]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841473|António Severino Timba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841474|António Valério Kantile]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841476|Atanásio Gomes Kulyaukila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841477|Beatriz Mário Chaguala]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841478|Bernardino Benjamim Carneiro Cortez]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2015-07-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841479|Bonifácio João Nicassa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841480|Buanar Muhamede]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841481|Caifadine Paulo Manasse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841482|Carimo Freitas de Oliveira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841483|Carlos Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841484|Carlos Manuel Simbi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841485|Carlos Moreira Vasco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841486|Carlos Samussone Maiela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841487|Carlos Sebastião]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841488|Carvalho Pensando António]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841489|Catarina Olinda Salomão Figueira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841490|Celmira Irene Melo Xavier]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841491|Cemilde Amélia Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841492|Chrispen Matches]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841493|Costa Francisco Chale]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841494|Damião José]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841495|Daniel João Matavele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-10-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841496|Danilo Aly Teixeira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841497|David Jonas Moiana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841498|Deolinda Catarina João Chochoma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-03-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841499|Dina Ali Américo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841500|Domingos Cintura]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841501|Domingos Gabriel Tavira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841502|Domingos Migina Assulai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841503|Edmundo Galiza Dimande Matos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841504|Edson Macuácua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2020-01-24 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841505|Eduardo João Ladria]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841506|Eduardo Silva Nihia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841507|Elisa Amina Amisse Timóteo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841508|Elisa Maria Isabel Silvestre Cipriano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841509|Elisa Rajamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841510|Emídio Benjamim Xavier]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2019-03-15 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841511|Emília Alfredo Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841512|Esmeralda Aurélio Mutemba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841513|Ester Epifánio Plaze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841514|Eulália Lourenço Oliveira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841515|Eva José Mangaze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2018-04-19 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841516|Eva Teixeira Caetano Dias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841517|Evaristo Tatano Sixpence]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841518|Ezequiel João Aramane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841519|Faruk Osman]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841520|Felizarda Clara de Castro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841521|Fernando Amelane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841522|Fernando Bismarque Ali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841523|Fernando Jossias Matouassanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841524|Fernando José Namacua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841525|Fernando Mendes João Lavieque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841526|Filipe Carlos Domingos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841527|Filipe Chimoio Paunde]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841528|Filipe Jaime]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841529|Filomena Nachaque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841530|Flora Bela das Neves Caetano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841531|Francisca Sabão Domingos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841532|Francisco Filipe M. V. Mboya Campira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841533|Francisco Maingue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841534|Francisco Ussene Mucanheia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2022-06-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841535|Freitas Joaquim Emílio Tiquila]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841536|Félix Assomate Quembo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841537|Gania Aly Abdula Mussagy]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841538|Geraldo Alexandre Carvalho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841539|Gildo Fortunato Elias Muaga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841541|Glória Salvador]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841542|Gonçalves Maceda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841543|Helena da Glória Muando]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2017-10-12 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841544|Helena Jacinto Música]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841545|Hermenegildo Mateus Infante]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841546|Hermenegildo Santana Chimarizene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841547|Hilário Uaite]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111841548|Hélder Ernesto Injojo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904732|Rui Domingos de Sousa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904733|Sábado Teresa Malendza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904735|Samuel Brito Simango]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904736|Sausande Mpatula Kuakula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904738|Sergio Ernesto Neves]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904739|Silvano João da Cruz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904740|Sousa Salvador Munhaua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904741|Teresa Aide]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904742|Tertuliano Juma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904745|Vasco Novela Charamadane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904746|Vicente Zacarias Ululu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904748|Virgilia T C Guerreiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904749|Virgilio Francisco Ferrao]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904750|Yohanda Tadeu Mkeka]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904751|Zeca Castro Morgado]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111904752|Zelma Graciete Ratagy Vasconcelos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906893|Abel Vicente Sana Sana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906894|Achiro Amisse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906896|Adelina Rosa Bernardo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906897|Adriano Tesoura Passanduca]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906898|Afonso Francisco Massingue]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906899|Afonso Paulo Salimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906900|Agostinho Severo Tomé]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906901|Agostinho Ussore]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906902|Ahmed Abdul Gani]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906903|Aida Luis Garife Massangaissa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-05-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906904|Aida Ussene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906905|Albina Tomás Gulele]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906906|Alexandre Meque Vicente]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906907|Alfredo Alide Sualei]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2014-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906909|Alicora Intutunha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906910|Alige Derque Mussulmade de Morais]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906911|Alzira Frederico Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906919|Amândio Cláudio Absalão Siueia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906920|Ana Celestina Meneses Sousa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906921|Ana Madalena da Silva Charomar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906922|Angelina Cândida N’chumali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906923|Angelina Ernesto Namoeto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906924|Anselmo Jacinto Eduardo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906926|António Hama Thay]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2012-05-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906927|António Jorge Franguolis]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906928|António Razão Miromo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906929|Armando Alifa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906930|Arminda Jaime Vombe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906931|Armindo João Milaco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2013-10-21 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906932|Arnaldo Obed Muchabje Quibe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906933|Artur Xavier Vilanculos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906934|Assane Ali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906935|Augusto Jonas Navando]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906936|Augusto Mateus]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906938|Azevedo Evaristo Mussibora]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2014-08-04 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906941|Bendita Francisco Nchumali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906942|Bernardo Júlio Macamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906944|Brito Caetano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906947|Castro Qualquer António Ntemassaka]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906948|Catarina Paiva Muacamissa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906949|Celestino Neúma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906950|Cipriano Severino Nimpachula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906951|Claudina Inácio Guimarães]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906952|Daniel Maqueia Cueteia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906953|Danilo Rui Alberto Mutumula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906954|Djone Dique Ncussa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906955|Dominga Domingos Chuva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906956|Dorteia Hérculos Ambrósio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906957|Edgar de Jesus Gonzaga C Silva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906958|Elisa Júlio Salamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906960|Elsa Muzé Ussene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906961|Ermelinda Micaela Lucas Rodolfo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906962|Ermósio Justo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906963|Ester Hassane Macande Peule]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906964|Eufrásia Guerra Jordão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906966|Fabião Pedro Sitoé]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2014-01-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906967|Fernando Calisto Jauado]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906968|Filipe António Primero]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906969|Florêncio Francisco Alfainho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906970|Francisco Braz Muchanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906972|Fátima Luís Madeira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906974|Hermínia Carlos Nhantumbo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906976|Irene António Beira Castro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906977|Ireneu Joaquim Muanaco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906979|Ismael Jamú Mussá]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906980|Jerónimo Agostinho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906981|Joana José Carvalho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906982|Joaquim Mussuaho Luis M. Bicho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906983|João Carlos Colaço]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906984|João José Monteiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906985|João Luís]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906986|Julião Caixote Nembe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906987|Julião Munhequeia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906988|Kapwepwe Saíde Chai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906990|Leonor Amosse Pedro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906991|Lucia do Carmo Casimiro Lima]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906992|Luciano Augusto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906993|Luciano Filipe Governo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906995|Luis Trinta Mecupia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906997|Luís Ramos Domingos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906998|Luísa Chirindza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111906999|Lídia Rita Geremias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907000|Lúcia Geraldo Namashulua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907001|Maconha João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118307568|Fernando Honwana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445098|António Palange]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445181|Jafar S. Cane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445182|José Chicuarra Massinga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445183|Marcos Juma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445184|Martins Luís Bilal]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445185|Palmerun António Mausse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118445186|Tarcisio Gemusse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449786|Abdala Mussa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449788|Casimiro Santos T Abreu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449791|Issufo Mecabo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449795|Safura Augusto Conceição]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449801|Miguel Osório Cosme Bonga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449804|Jacinto Manuel Muxanga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449805|Jorge Francisco Banze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449807|Pedro Abrahamo Macamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449808|António Domingos da Cruz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449810|Eduardo Arão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449812|João Muchine Mudema]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449813|José Chissuco Valentim]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449815|Nazir Yakoob Lunat]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449817|Fernando Jorge Pires]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449858|Celestino de O Cariaco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449868|Fernando Adelino Munava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449873|Francisco X. R. de Carvalho]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449875|Geraldo Muissa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449876|Jorge Adriano Nampula]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449877|José Mussan]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449880|Mariano Domingos Martins]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449881|Mário Belém Singano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449886|Saide Ali Assane Ismail]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449889|Abdul Kha Leck]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449891|Calisto Paulo Uataia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449892|Eduardo Ulanda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449893|Manuel José A. Mucananda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449894|Augusto Chaviro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449897|Domingo João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449898|Domingos Chalé João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449900|Francisco Caetano Bero]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449902|Luís M. Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449903|Manuel A. Nacinho da Maia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449905|Alexandre Faite]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449906|Celestino Bento]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449908|Félix Binda Raposo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449909|Joaquim Rui Fernando Augusto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449910|Jorge Abrão Pires]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449911|José Rafael Kangonda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449912|Virgílio Chaphata]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449913|Abdul Amide Mahomed]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449924|Assane Chawal A. Napa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449934|Bonifácio G. Massamba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449941|Carlos Pereira Klint]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449951|Inusso Ismael]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449960|Adalberto Ussene Pereira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449966|Custódio Domingos Vieira]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449976|Horácio M. S. Matsimbe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449984|Latifo Balão Janela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449985|Mussatar Abdul Aziz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449986|Orlando António da Graça]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449990|Tayob Ussemane Motany]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118449991|Virgílio Carlos S. Miguel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450722|Marcelino Inlave Joaquim]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450725|José Matias Mugalla]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450728|Celestino Chalé Mussa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450730|Carlos Álvaro Fernandes]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450733|Avelino Manuel João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450735|António Maloa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450738|António Barros F. Namuraha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450741|Ali Amba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450743|Jacinto Tonhiua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450746|Humberto Pereira Victorino]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450748|Hassan Ismail Makda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450751|Amade Chemane C. Júnior]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450757|Jafar Gulamo Jafar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450761|Narciso Matos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450763|Gaspar Vicente Sitoe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450764|Mahomed Mogne]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450765|Daniel Ensure]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450766|Custódio Joaquim Simões]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450770|Alberto Zaqueu Jamice]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450772|Luís Desse Semente]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450773|António Dima Manuel]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450775|Alberto Maiosa Canjera]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450776|Aniceto dos Muchangos]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450777|Manuel Mendes da Fonseca]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450780|Mário Cardoso Janela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450781|Luís Culaire]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450785|Gilberto Miguel Catema]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450787|Arlindo Luís Zacarias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450788|Adelino A. José Comissão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118450789|Abdul Carimo M. Issa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118613828|Olímpio Victorino Vaz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2012-08-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q119698834|Edmundo Bonifácio Gruveta Massamba]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072581|Calide Sidate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072582|Margarida Joaquim Mlauzi]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126072584|José Gaspar Mascarenhas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089379|Yudérsio José Nicolau]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089431|Florência André Calane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126089460|Sara Maria Ubisse Ussumane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-04-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126099269|Dina André]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2022-05-18 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907002|Madalena João Francisco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907003|Madalena M’bela Ambrósio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907004|Manuel Francisco Lole]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907006|Maria de Lurdes do Carmo Lobo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907007|Maria Ema Anchunala Cassimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907008|Maria Joana João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907010|Maria José Moreno]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907013|Maria Olívia Álvaro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907016|Mariano Humberto Rodrigues]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907018|Maurício Mateus Madebe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907019|Micas Carlos António Jafare]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907021|Milagrosa Armando Langa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907022|Mário Lampião Sevene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907023|Palmira Eusébio Mbanze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907024|Paulina Tsumba Nhacumbena Canhane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907027|Raimundo Joaquim Mapanzene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907028|Rema Fabião]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907029|Ricardo Pedro Filimone]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907032|Rosa Mafuna Julai Sitole]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907033|Rosário Salimo Régulo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907034|Rosário Zacarias]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907035|Rui António Chundiza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907038|Saíbo Alberto]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907039|Sebastião Dengo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2016-11-17 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907040|Sebastião dos Santos Temporário]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907041|Tiago Horácio Simba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907042|Tsoquisse Mulaícho Munhiwa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907044|Xavier Aleixo Chicutirene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907046|Zabura Selemane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907047|Zélia da Luz Francisco Muthambe Langa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907048|Ângelo Thai]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907154|Alafu Abdala Sufu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907155|Albertina Makata]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907157|Alberto José Sabe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907159|Alcinda da Conceição]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2018-06-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907160|Aleke Paulo José Katete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907161|Alexandre Pedro Natividade Capitão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2014-04-06 | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907162|Alfredo Mashalo Ibraimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907166|Angelica Paulo Camões]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907170|António Mussa Inze]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907172|Asraf Amad Kassamo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907173|Augusto Eduardo Chalamanda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907174|Bartolomeu Afonso Baptista Muibo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907175|Beatriz Afonso Murenge]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907176|Berta Lucas]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907177|Botelho Mario Benjamim Chuni]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907178|Caibe Hussen Ali Ussene]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907179|Carlos Filipe Panguana]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907180|Carlos Luwanga Sabonete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907182|Chiueche Arone Guenha]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16<br/>2018-04-19 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907183|Claudete da Conceição Fernandes]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2011-11-23<br/>2020-10-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907184|Crisanto João Naiti]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907185|Damião dos Santos Banda]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907187|David Machimbuku]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907188|Dário Fernandes Machava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907189|Eduardo Muaride]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907192|Eulália Nhaculezele Atibe]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907193|Faustino Maurício Uamusse]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907194|Feliz Avelino Silvia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-02-28 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907195|Fernando Guebo Bilali]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907196|Francisco Nangura Muceliua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2013-03-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907198|Graça Lindo Dinheiro]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907199|Guerreiro Augusto Mundefa]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907200|Guilherme Sampinguira Uissiquete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907201|Haia Ossufo Paquile]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907202|Henrique Alexandre Mandava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907204|Inácio António Nunes]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907205|Jacinta Sousa Inácio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907206|James Mlando Fausto Njiji]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907208|Joaquim José Mondlane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907209|José António Chuquela]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2016-11-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907211|José Paulo da Cruz]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907212|João Afonso]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907213|Judite Anastácia João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907214|Julieta Gilda João de Brito Chauma]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907215|Juvenália Abiatar Mutemba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907217|Leopoldina Manuel Gimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907218|Lourenço Sabonete]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907220|Luisa João Mumba Carlos Gandar Braga]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907221|Mateus Adamo Assane]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2018-06-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907223|Matilde Nazarena Anchunala]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907224|Muanassa Abubacar]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907228|Nelson Albino Paiva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907229|Onório Plácido Horácio]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907230|Oreste Bustan]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907231|Patricio Filimone Meque]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907233|Roberto Matola Saide]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907235|Rosa Manuel Andrade da Silva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2010-01-16 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907237|Ruquia Mohamed Saide]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907239|Ruquia Muler Gustavo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907240|Sabina Isaias Nhaca Fache]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2019-03-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907241|Sabina Sara Hassane Bicá]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907242|Salma Maria Alexandre Machate]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907243|Sofia Afonso Jinja Cussaia]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907244|Suzete Alberto Dança]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907246|Tania Crescente Elson Canhemba]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q111907247|Teodoro Andrade Waty]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114680327|Valeriano Ferrão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q117865667|José Luís Cabaço]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1978 | 1994 | |- | ''[[:d:Q118234712|Alberto Francisco Cassimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 1977-08 | 1981 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126099297|Graciano Júlio Francisco]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-07-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126129896|José Tomás Amadeu]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126130110|Sarfina Filipe Franco Chidaculema]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126130621|Joaquina Jaime dos Santos Munatica]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126152117|Maria do Céu Omar do Amaral Nhantumbo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2020-01-20 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126152485|Elisete Eliseu Machava]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2022-12-13 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126153212|Saíde Issufo Momade]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2023-05-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126182947|Lino Manecas Chioza]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2021-02-26 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126183303|Sabina Judite Anastácio João]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2019-03-15 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126183350|Mário Salimo]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2021-01-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126196206|Augusto Magaure Fernando]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2019-10-24 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126196269|Feliz Avelino Silva]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2018-09-17 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126209718|João Pedro Amade]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2017-10-30 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126209739|Marieta Xavier Armando]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2017-10-30 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126211002|Angelina Agripino Ndimalela Mavota]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2012-04-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126366126|Eufrásia Guerra Saleva Jordão]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | 2013-10 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q126370605|Fernando Mbararano]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-03-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q126370636|Agostinho Macuácua]]'' | | [[IMozambiki]] | | 2011-02-28 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} fcmpnnnu9mgg2x6b1955h6d7p3b4lde 2 9945 129174 128832 2026-09-19T12:21:48Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 129174 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19286411 } |section= |sort=P39/Q19286411/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19286411/P580:Start date,P39/Q19286411/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q4715|Moncef Marzouki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2011-12-13 | [[File:Moncef Marzouki2.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57699|Hamadi Jebali]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2011-12-23 | [[File:Hamadi Jebali - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012-1.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q668526|Noureddine Bhiri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-05-09 | [[File:Noureddine Bhiri.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1890995|Mustapha Ben Jafar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:BenJaafar.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821007|Abdelbacet Becheikh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2821119|Abdelkarim Harouni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-12 | [[File:AbdelkrimHarouni.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821146|Abdellatif Abid]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-04-29 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2821154|Abdellatif Mekki]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-12 | [[File:Abdellatif Mekki.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821212|Abdelwaheb Maatar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:AbdelwahabMaatar2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821259|Abderrahman Ladgham]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Photo souvenirs avec M. Abderrahmane Ladgham, 2013.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821276|Abderraouf Ayadi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Abderraouf Ayadi.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821279|Abderrazek Khallouli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2827529|Ahmed Brahim]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:AhmedBrahim.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2827633|Ahmed Najib Chebbi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:AhmedNajibChebbi.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2836242|Ali Haouiji]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2842634|Amel Ghouil]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2842788|Amer Larayedh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Amer Laarayedh.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3064374|Fadhel Moussa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Cropped Fadhel Moussa.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3068805|Ferjani Doghmane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3125800|Hajer Aziz]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Hajer Azaiez.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3125979|Halima Kanni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Halima Kanni.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3129573|Hela Hammi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3135181|Hicham Hosni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3144577|Hédi Ben Abbès]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-04-27 | [[File:Hédi Ben Abbès.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3147502|Ibrahim Kassas]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Ibrahim kassas.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3155694|Issam Chebbi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Issam Chebbi.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3193174|Karim Bouebdelli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3193235|Karima Souid]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]<br/>[[IFulansi]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Karima Souid.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3196042|Khalil Zaouia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2013-06-21 | [[File:KhalilZaouia.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3196141|Khemais Ksila]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Khmaies Ksila.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3217835|Larbi Ben Salah Abid]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Larbi Ben Salah Abid.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3218481|Latifa Habachi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Latifa Habachi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3257623|Lobna Jribi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:LobnaJribi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3273824|Mabrouka Mbarek]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Mabrouka Mbarek, 17 novembre 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3277785|Mahmoud Baroudi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Baroudi21091.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3302915|Maya Jribi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:MayaJribi.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3304538|Meherzia Labidi Maïza]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Meherzia Labidi Maiza.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318297|Mohamed Abbou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-03-30 | [[File:Mohamed abbou.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318419|Mohamed Ben Salem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-03-30 | [[File:MohamedBenSalemANC2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318567|Mohamed Habib Marzouki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2013-03-06 | [[File:Abou Yaareb Marzouki, Tunisia 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3319146|Mohsen Kaabi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3320427|Moncef Cheikhrouhou]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Moncef cheikhrouhou.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3320435|Moncef Ben Salem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-02-28 | [[File:Moncef Ben Salem picture.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3325549|Mouldi Riahi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Mouldi Riahi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3334862|Nadia Chaabane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:NadiaChaabane.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3461170|Sadok Chourou]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Chourou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3461533|Sahbi Atigue]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:SahbiAtigpicture.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3469772|Slim Ben Hamidene]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Salim Ben Hamidane.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470003|Selma Hédia Mabrouk]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Salma HédiaMabrouk.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470004|Salma Sarsout]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3470005|Selma Baccar]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Selma Baccar at Berlinale 2026.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470829|Samir Ben Amor]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Samir Ben Amor, Nawaat 5 janvier 2015 (2).png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470837|Samir Dilou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2012-05-09 | [[File:Dilou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470847|Samir Taieb]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Samir Taieb.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470859|Samira Merai]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitSamiraMeraiNov2011 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3491422|Souad Abderrahim]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:SouadAbderrahimANC2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3510667|Sélim Ben Abdesselem]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Sélim Ben Abdesselem.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3513884|Tahar Hmila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:TaherHmila.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3571481|Yamina Zoghlami]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Yamina Zoghlami Cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3575486|Ziad al-Doulatli]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Zied Daoulatli.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7961932|Walid Bennani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Walid Bennani.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q10514449|Mehdi Ben Gharbia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitMehdiBenGharbia Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q10559719|Habib Ellouze]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:HabibEllouz17Fev2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q10591389|Iyed Dahmani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:IyedDahmani.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12220159|Slaheddine Zahaf]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitSlaheddineZahafNov2011 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12239668|Mohamed Hamdi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Mohamed Hamdi TN.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12240823|Mohamed Ali Nasri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q12241970|Mourad Amdouni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:MouradAmdouni.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12886365|Imed Daïmi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]<br/>[[IFulansi]] | 2011-11-22 | 2011-12-12 | [[File:Imed Daimi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14269069|Mohamed Brahmi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2013-07-25 | [[File:Mohamed Brahmi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16027791|Farida Labidi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitFaridaLabidi2013 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16027793|Fattoum Lassoued]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Cropped Fattoum Lassoued.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16122553|Najla Bouriel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Najla Bouriel.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16123777|Jalel Bouzid]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16124434|Rabeh Khraifi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16128314|Samia Abbou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-12-27 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Samia Abbou, Nawaat capture 19 novembre 2015.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16162103|Hichem Ben Jemaa]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitHichemBenJemaa.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16185697|Mongi Rahoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:MongiRahoui.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16185752|Warda Turki]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2013-03-06 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Warda Turki.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16645093|Jawhara Tiss]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Cropped Jawhara Tiss.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16677479|Sonia Toumia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19278964|Rafik Tlili]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19543880|Amel Azzouz]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:PortraitAmelAzzouz27Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19544932|Zied Ladhari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Zied Adhari.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19792403|Ali Bechrifa]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19955807|Noomane Fehri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Noomane Fehri 2 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20412548|Abdelkader Ben Khemis]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Abdelkader ben khemis.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20425196|Manel Kadri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2013-10-03 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22930198|Fathi Ayadi]]'' | | | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q23073234|Rim Mahjoub]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Rym mahjoub.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23109390|Oussama Essghaier]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Oussama Essghaier.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27666209|Imed Hammami]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:ImedHammami2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28055870|Badreddine Abdelkefi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28715652|Adel Ben Attia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28716311|Habib Khedher]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Habib Khedher.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577454|Imen Ben Mhamed]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:ImenBenAhmed Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577482|Neji Jmal]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:NéjiJmal Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577510|Basma Jebali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580438|Abdelaziz Kotti]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | [[File:Abdlaziz Kotti.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60712027|Hattab Barakati]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |- | ''[[:d:Q95572293|Lazhar Chemli]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2011-11-22 | 2014-12-02 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 2nsm7gxtzdlrvu2jzszekqak3g1f7fy 0 10513 129249 127332 2026-09-20T04:46:11Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Umlando */ 129249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masikandi''' umculo owasungulwa e[[Ningizimu Afrika]] oculwa ngolimi lwesi[[IsiZulu|Zulu]]. Lona umculo odlwalwa kakhulu ngesigincgci.Lo lu hhlobo lomculo ludume futhi luthandwa kakhulu esifundazweni sa[[KwaZulu Natali]] okudala lokhu ukuzinza kwesizwe samaZulu kulesi sifundazwe. Yize umculo kaMaskandi udume kakhulu esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ubuye uzwakale udlala kakhulu eGoli kanye naseKapa udlalwa ngamaZulu kulezi zindawo. Yize llu hlobo lomculo selinedumela esikhathini samanje, kususkela kudala wabe uthathwa njengomculo wabelusi bezinkomo ngabantui basemadolobheni okanye emalokishini. Abantu ababenza lolu hlobo lomculo babebukelwa phansi nawo lomculo ukhuzani nguye oseyinkosi kamaskandi ==Ukuchazwa== Igama elithi '''Masikandi''' lingumfakelwa olimini lwesiZulu lisuselwa egameni lesi[[IsiBhunu|Bhunu]] elithi ''musikant'' uma lihunyushelwa esiZulwini lisho umuntu ongumculi <ref name="amasu">{{cite book |title=Amasu Asetshenziswa ngoMasikandi beseZulu Emculweni wabo |author=Ntombela Sipho Albert |publisher=University of South Africa Press| url=http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/10622/thesis_ntombela_sa.pdf |location=eThekwini |date=Lwezi 2011 |accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref> <ref name="labour">{{cite web | author=Muller A Carol | url=http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415960717/ch8.asp | title=Labour Migration:Maskanda | date=2008 | publisher=Routledge | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2019-05-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511084756/http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415960717/ch8.asp | dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Leli gama elithi uMaskandi lingasho uhlobo lomculo kanti futhi nomuntu owenza lomculu ubizwa ngoMasikandi, okusho ukuthi leli gama linemiqondo emibilili futhi lisetshenziswa ngokushintshana. UMasikandi umuntu owabe eziculela elekelelwa isigingci noma yinkostini <ref name="amasu"/>. UMasikandi futhi ungasho umculo wesintu lapho umculi wawo ethula khona imizwa yakhe futhi ezibongela noma ezihasha, noma ecula ngalokho akubona emphakathini esebenzisa isiginci noma inkostina ukukhipha imisindo <ref name="gauteng">{{cite web | author=Mseleni Khanyisile | url=https://www.gautenglifestylemag.co.za/the-history-of-maskandi/ | title=The History of Maskandi | location=EGoli | date=25 Mandulo 2018 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2020-09-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918234757/https://gautenglifestylemag.co.za/the-history-of-maskandi/ | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/>. UMculo kamasikandi kungashiwo ukuthi uwubuciko bomlomo lapho umqambi womculo usuke ethula khona imizwa yakhe, ezibongela noma ezihasha. Indlela awudlulisa ngawo lomyalezo ukuthi acule asebenzise nesigingci, okuyinto ehlukile kosonkondlo ngoba bona bayahaya abasebenzisi iziginci kanye nezinkostina. OMaskandi abaningi bacula ngezimo abahlangabezana nazo empilweni kanye nezinto abazibona nsuku zonke. Ukusebenzisa izibongo nezihasho ezingomeni zabo kwenza umculo kamasikandi uzwakalise [[Inkondlo|sankondlo]]. Lolu hlobo lomculo lungabalulwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwenkondlo yesimanje<ref name="shwi"/><ref name="labour"/><ref name="amasu"/>. ===Izinsimbi zokwenza lomculo=== * [[Isigingci]] * [[Inkostini]] * [[Ivayolini]] * [[Upiyano]] * [[Isigingci sebhesi]] * [[Impempe]] * [[Imfiliji]] ==Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zomculo== Umculo kamaskandi usuke wahlanganiswa nezinye izinhobo zomculo okubalwa kuzo i-Kwaito, house, hip-hop kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Iqembu lomculo weKwaito alabe laziwa ngokuthi yi-Boom Shaka elaliholwa ngu[[Lebo Mathosa]] lahlangana noHashi Elimhlophe ukwenza umculo ohlanganisa iKwaito kanye nomsakandi <ref name="hashi">{{cite book |author=Mojapelo Maxwell Thamagana | title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music |url=https://archive.org/details/225198da-3ace-498a-9bad-38f2075065d1 | publisher=African Minds | date=2008 | location=Sommerset West ||isbn=978-1-920299-28-6 }} </ref> . Umculi wohlobo lomculo we-hip-hop owaziwa ngokuthi u-[[Zuluboy]] esekhipha i-alibhamu yakhe yesibili esihloko esithi-Inqolobane wasebenza no-Bhekumuzi Luthulu emaculweni emaningi kule alibhamu. UZuluboy kule alibhamu wahlanganisa umculo we-hip-hop kanye nomsakndi wakhipha ingxube yomculo ayeyiqambe ngikuthi yi-''skandihop <ref name="zuluboy2">{{cite web | author=Author |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/100-zuluboy-964224 | title=100% Zuluboy | location=EThekwini | date=19 Masingana 2009 | accessdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref>. Akekho omunye oseke wanza okunje emculweni waseNingizimu Afrika <ref name="zuluboy">{{cite web |author=Author |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/durban/zuluboy-is-100-real-930080 | title=Zuluboy is 100% real | date=24 Ntulikazi 2008 | accessdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }} </ref>. ==Kwimidiya== Umculo kamaskandi uyaqhakambiswa emsakazweni kanye nakumabonakude ezinhlelweni eziningi. Kumabonakude kukhona uhelo oludlala esiteshini sakwa-SABC u-SABC 1 uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi Ezodumo lapho kuqhakambiswa imiculo yesintu. Kulelu hlelo kuqahakambiswa nomculo kamaskandi kuvela amaculo omasikandi abahlukene abanye bazocula bukhoma estudiyo salolu hlelo. Kunohlelo oludlala esiteshini somkazakazo [[Ukhozi FM]] olubizwa ngokuthi i-Sigiya Ngengoma kulolu hlelo kudlalwa umculo kamaskandi kuphela <ref name="bayede">{{cite web | author=Mzukulu kaMhlongo | url=https://www.bayedenews.com/za/umculo-kamaskandi-uzimelele-ekungcwekeni-ngobuciko-bephimbo-namazwi/ | title=Umculo kaMaskandi uzimele enkungcwekwni ngobuciko bephimbo namazwi | location=KwaZulu-Natali | date=27 Nhlaba 2015 | accessdate=14 Njlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Lapha kuqhakanjiswa umculo kamaskandi womsikandi asebengene shi kulendima nabasafufusa. U[[Bhodloza Nzimande]] waba negaleleo elikhulu ekugqamiseni nasekuthuthukiseni ukudlalwa kwalomculo emsakazweni ikakhulukazi uKhozi FM , okwenza ukuba uzwiwe abalandeli abaningi kakhulu <ref name="bayede"/><ref name="mg">{{cite web |author=Mbhele Mbe | url=https://www.mg.co.za/article/2018-11-02-00-tune-in-to-the-wails-of-maskandi |title=Tune in to the Wails of Maskandi | location=EGoli |date=2 Lwezi 2018 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref> . ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo <ref name="hashi"/>. Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka <ref name="mroza">{{cite web |author=ANA Reporter | url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/van-damme-wins-sabc-song-of-the-year-7327918 | title='Van Damme' wins SABC's Song of the Year | location=Durban |date=4 Masingana 2017 | accesdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref>. ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *[[Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas)]] *[[Abafana Bakwa Dladla]] *[[Abafana bakaMqgumeni]] *[[Abaka Mnyandu]] *[[Ama-AK47]] *[[Amabayeni Amahle]] *[[Amageza Amahle]] *[[Amashayina Amahle]] *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *[[Amatshitshi Amhlophe]] *[[Bhekumuzi Luthuli]] *[[Bheki Khoza]] *[[Bhoja Bhoja]] *[[Bonakele]] *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *[[David Jenkins (Qadasi)]] *[[Ichwane LeBhaca]] *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *[[Ithwas Lami]] *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *[[Mpukane]] *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *[[Njencane Ngubane]] *[[Nomkelemane Langa]] *[[Ofeleba]] *[[Osaziwayo]] *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *[[Qadasi]] *[[Phuzushukela]] *[[Sbongiseni Ntombela]] *[[S'gwebo Sentambo]] *[[Shabalala Rhythm]] *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *[[Tholakele Malunga]] *[[Qalindaba]] *[[Uboneni]] *[[Umbuzeni]] *[[UMjolisi]] *[[Zanefa Ngidi]] *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] ==Izinhlanganisi ezingaphandle== * [http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/106222/thesis_ntombela_sa.pdf Amasu Asetshenziswa oMasikandi besiZulu eMculweni Wabo]{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ==Imithombo== {{reflist}} [[Category:Izinhlobo zomculo]] [[Category:Umculo wase Ningizimu Afrika]] nyyt3f6uah9elzp7c3p8ul6bgskxx9y 129253 129249 2026-09-20T06:57:54Z Fongcwele 16873 Redirected page to [[UMaskandi]] 129253 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[UMaskandi]] gl4tamcw4i0otl9pls4pbdbnxpqev1s 0 18560 129177 128982 2026-09-19T12:27:57Z Fongcwele 16873 129177 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amapiyano in isibheqe script.png|thumb|Elithi Amapiyano ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] '''Amapiano''' (noma '''Amapiyano''') uhlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika olwaduma kakhulu ngonyaka we-2020. Uyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo zomculo ezifana ne-Kwaito, i-deep house, i- gqom, i-jazz, i-soul, kanye nomculo we-lounge ohlunganiswe n[[Synthesizers|ama-synth]] nama-basslines amakhulu. Igama elithi "[[IsiQumuqumu|amapiyano]]" lisuselwa egameni lesi-[[IsiZulu]] elisho ukuthi "piano". == Umsuka == Akekho "umsunguli weqiniso" we-amapiano.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lwandle|first=Sibusisiwe|date=2021-05-12|title=A Look at How Amapiano Has Made the Mzansi Music Industry Shake - Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/100026-a-look-how-amapiano-has-made-mzansi-music-industry-shake.html|accessdate=2025-08-04|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}</ref> Ngenxa yalokho, kunokungavumelani kanye nempikiswano mayelana nemvelaphi yayo, kanye nokulandisa okuhlukahlukene kwezitayela zomculo emadolobheni aseGoli.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prspct|date=2018-11-21|title=New age house music: the rise of "amapiano"|url=https://www.prospect.zone/en/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304172733/https://www.prospect.zone/en/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/|archive-date=4 March 2020|accessdate=2019-10-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shumba|first=Ano|date=2019-08-09|title=Top amapiano songs of 2019|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/top-amapiano-songs-2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809154153/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/top-amapiano-songs-2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|accessdate=2024-06-22|website=Music In Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=Citizen|date=2019-11-08|title=Amapiano tracks that should be on your playlist this summer|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/amapiano-tracks-that-should-be-on-your-playlist-this-summer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713084201/https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/amapiano-tracks-that-should-be-on-your-playlist-this-summer/|archive-date=13 July 2024|accessdate=2024-07-13|website=The Citizen|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=7 June 2019 |title=The Rise of Amapiano |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728195549/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/new-age-house-music-the-rise-of-amapiano/ |archive-date=28 July 2019 |access-date=7 June 2019 |work=The Chronicle}}</ref> Ngenxa yokuthi iyafana nendlu ye-baccarat, abanye bathi lolu hlobo lwaqala ePitoli kodwa alukaqinisekwa.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Selaluke|first=Stephen|date=29 August 2020|title=Bacardi music back due to popular demand|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/news-headlines/local-news/2020/08/29/bacardi-music-back-due-to-popular-demand/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20was%20first%20discovered%20by,Fani%20Hlongwane%20in%20Mamelodi%20West.%E2%80%9D&text=Bra%20Fani%20used%20to%20play,and%20also%20at%20local%20pubs.%E2%80%9D|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108140950/https://www.citizen.co.za/rekord/news-headlines/local-news/2020/08/29/bacardi-music-back-due-to-popular-demand/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%20was%20first%20discovered%20by,Fani%20Hlongwane%20in%20Mamelodi%20West.%E2%80%9D&text=Bra%20Fani%20used%20to%20play,and%20also%20at%20local%20pubs.%E2%80%9D|archive-date=8 November 2023|accessdate=2 July 2021|website=The Citizen}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Miya|first=Madzadza|date=18 July 2022|title=Bacardi House-Tinged Amapiano Is Setting the Streets Ablaze - Okayplayer|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-bacardi-house-south-africa/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716162112/https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-bacardi-house-south-africa/|archive-date=16 July 2024|accessdate=2024-08-04|website=OkayAfrica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amapiano: a township sound with staying power|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-07-07-amapiano-a-township-sound-with-staying-power/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029004509/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2019-07-07-amapiano-a-township-sound-with-staying-power/|archive-date=29 October 2019|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joyce|first=Liam Karabo|date=23 October 2019|title=Meet the vocalist featured on the biggest amapiano tracks|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/meet-the-vocalist-featured-on-the-biggest-amapiano-tracks-35610310|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608111151/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/meet-the-vocalist-featured-on-the-biggest-amapiano-tracks-35610310|archive-date=8 June 2024|accessdate=1 November 2019|publisher=Independent Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amapiano a new movement... Period|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-amapiano-a-new-movement-period/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225724/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-amapiano-a-new-movement-period/|archive-date=21 April 2021|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ukulandisa okuhlukahlukene kwalabo abakha lolu hlobo lomculo lwathandwa kanjani futhi lwaqala kanjani, kwenza kungenzeki ukuchaza ngokunembile umsuka walo.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=Charting the Meteoric Rise of South Africa's AmaPiano|url=https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-10-02/charting-the-meteoric-rise-of-south-africas-amapiano/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029121014/https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-10-02/charting-the-meteoric-rise-of-south-africas-amapiano/|archive-date=29 October 2019|accessdate=2019-10-29|website=Spotify|language=en-US}}</ref> Igama elithi ''I-amapiano'' yigama lesiZulu elingahunyushwa kalula ngokuthi "pianos."<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Amapiano: What is it all about?|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/amapiano-what-it-all-about|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804095811/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/amapiano-what-it-all-about|archive-date=4 August 2024|accessdate=2021-01-30|publisher=musicinafrica.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Daryl|date=2022-02-15|title=How 'Amapiano', South Africa's soulful sound, has become one of the hottest new music genres|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/15/africa/amapiano-south-africa-music-genre-origins-spc-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623074956/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/15/africa/amapiano-south-africa-music-genre-origins-spc-intl/index.html|archive-date=23 June 2023|accessdate=2024-07-13|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>Lolu hlobo luhlatshwa kakhulu ngezilimi eziyishumi nanye kwezingu-12 ezisemthethweni zaseNingizimu Afrika njenge-[[IsiZulu]], [[IsiXhosa]], [[IsiSwazi|USiSwati]], [[IsiSuthu|ISesotho]], Sepedi, [[IsiTswana|ISetswana]], English, Xitsonga, [[IsiVenda|I-Tshivenda]], Afrikaans, noma [[IsiNdebele saseNingizimu|IsiNdebele]]. == Imithombo == ij0m337rniie9gxs04bdz6aci5e3o5c 0 18613 129218 129155 2026-09-19T19:44:05Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 129218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diversity of plants image version 6.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo]] '''Izitshalo''' ziyiziphili emvelendeni ezakha umbuso wezitshalwa. Ziyiziphili zomdibakhanya, okusho ukuthi zithola isidlakasi sazo ekukhanyeni kweLanga. Lokho zikwenza ngokusebenzisa uhlazazane olusemaqabungeni azo ukuze zikhiqize ushukela ngamanzi nomCalahle ontuhlambili. Ezingabalwa kulokhu izitshalo eziyizinhlwithamsoco ezingenazo izifuzisi zohlazazane nomdibakhanya njengoba zithola isidlakalasi kusuka kwezinye izitshalo nokhunta. Izitshalo eziningi zingomangqamuzana ngaphandle kolwelwe. Ngokomlando, njengomchazampilo ka-Aristotile, umbuso wezitshalo wawuhlanganisa konke okuphilayo okungezona izilwane, kuhlanganisa nokukhunta. Izincasiselo zanamuhla azisahlanganise konke okuphilayo, ezinye azilubali nhlobo ukhunta. Kukhona imiqhinqo eyizi-380,000 eyaziwayo yezitshalo futhi eziyizi-260,000 zithela imbewu. Ziyahlukahlukana ngokobungako kusuka emangqamuzaneni kuya emithini eyizidlomothi. Izitshalo eziluhlaza yizo ezihlinzeka umhlaba ngemizwayo yesohwe eyanele ushukela eziwukhiqizayo wona uhlinzeka izimpilandawonye neziphili zomhlaba ngesidlakalasi. Okusanhlamvu, izithelo nezilimo zazilokhu ziwukudla okuyisisekelo kwabantu kusukela endulo. Abantu basebenzisa izitshalo ukwenza Izinto eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuba izithako zokwakha, izithako zokubhala, ukuhlobisa, namakhambi wokwelapha. Inzululwazi ezicwaninga ngezitshalo zibizwa ngokuthi umchazazitshalo okuyigatsha lomchazampilo. == Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika == Ungafunda futhi: '''[[Izithelo]]''', '''[[Imifino]]''', '''[[Utshani]]''', '''[[Ubutshani]]''' {| class="wikitable" |+Izitshalo ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika !Igama lesiZulu !Igama lesiNgisi !Igama lesayensi !Izithombe |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Isihlahla|Izihlahla]]''' |- |[[Umthombe]] |Natal fig |Ficus natalensis |[[File:Ficus natalensis 110676081.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umkhanyakude (Isihlahla)|Umkhanyakude]] |Fever tree |Vachellia xanthophloea |[[File:Day 60 Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) (53339066956).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umsinsi]] |Coral tree |Erythrina lysistemon |[[File:Erythrina lysistemon 0841.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umfongothi]] |Sausage tree |Kigelia africana |[[File:Kigelia-Africana-Serengeti.JPG|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isibhaha]] |Pepper bark tree |Warburgia salutaris |[[File:Warburgia salutaris, blomme, Manie van der Schijff BT, a.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[ILala|Ilala]] |Lala palm |Hyphaene coriacea |[[File:Lala Palm (Hyphaene coriacea) (11531392816).jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Isundu elinabayo|Isundu]] |Wild date palm |Phoenix reclinata |[[File:Phoenix reclinata kz1.JPG|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" |'''[[Imbali|Izimbali]] nezinye izitshalo''' |- |[[Isigude]] |Crane flower |Strelitzia reginae |[[File:Strelitzia reginae River of Life Church 240 Hamilton Rd Chermside IMGP1905.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Imphepho]] |Licorice plant |Helichrysum petiolare |[[File:Helichrysum petiolare00.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonyane]] |African wormwood |Artemisia afra |[[File:Wildeals herb - Artemisia afra - medicinal plants of Cape Town 7.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Unsukumbili]] | |Hypericum aethiopicum |[[File:Hypericum aethiopicum subsp. sonderi 1DS-II 9710.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ishongwe]], Ishowe | |Xysmalobium |[[File:Xysmalobium undulatum var. undulatum 1DS-II 1851.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ugobho]] |River pumpkin |Gunnera perpensa |[[File:Gunnera perpensa - indigenous River Pumpkin of South Africa wetlands ponds.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Ilabatheka]] |African potato |Hypoxis hemerocallidea |[[File:Hypoxis hemerocallidea 1DS-II 4-5696.jpg|center|frameless]] |- | colspan="4" |'''Izitshalo ezigcina amanzi''' (Succulent plants) |- |[[Inhlaba]] |Aloe | | |- |[[Inkalane]] |Krantz aloe |Aloe arborescens |[[File:Aloe January 2016-1.jpg|center|frameless]] |- |[[Umhlonhlo]] |Candelabra tree, Naboom |Euphorbia ingens, Euphorbia cooperi |[[File:Euphorbia cooperi, Harare.jpg|center|frameless]] |} == Izinkomba == Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.<ref>Kenrick, Paul,Crane,Peter r.(1997). The original and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study. Washington, D.C.: Smothsonian Institution Press</ref> Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p. 82. <ref>Hull, David L. (2010). Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. University of Chicago Press. p.82</ref> Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific Books. p. 6.<ref>Copeland, H. F. (1956). The classification of Lower Organisms. Pacific. p. 6.</ref> [[Category:Izitshalo]] r4lg7m2fvlyhoxb1xfp4ayciavmhgi3 0 27325 129204 128185 2026-09-19T17:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image | border = thumb | perrow = 1/2 | total_width = 320 | image1 = 9 Bisonte Magdaleniense polícromo.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Singapore. Sri Mariamman. Gopuram. South East-19.JPG | alt2 = | image3 = Zulu_Culture,_KwaZulu-Natal,_South_Africa_(20325264550).jpg | alt3 = | image4 = Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg | alt4 = | image5 = Elithi_Sibanyoni_ngesibheqe_sohlamvu.png | alt5 = | caption1 = Imidwebo yezimpawu yasendulo lanfuna namuhla sekuyindlela evamile | caption2 = [[Inkolo]] kanye [[Ubuciko|nobuciko]] ziyizici ezibalulekile zesiko labantu | caption3 = AmaZulu esina ngokwesiko lawo | caption4 = ISikhungo sasendulo i-Acropolis | caption5 = Izindlela [[Ukubhala|zokubhala]] njengesiBheqe sohlamvu ziletha ubuhlonzi besiko }} '''Isiko''' (noma '''usiko''') isicabango esihlanganisa ukuziphatha ngokwenhlalo, izikhungo nemikhuba engokwenhlalo okutholakala emphakathini yabantu, kanye nolwazi, [[Inkolelo|izinkolelo]], [[ubuciko]], imithetho, [[Inkambiso|izinkambiso]], amakhono, izimo zengqondo, [[Ukuziphatha|ukuziphatha kwabantu]] emaqenjini abo.<ref name= tyor1871 >Tylor, Edward. (1871). ''Primitive Culture''. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son</ref> Isiko livame ukuvela nokuba elasendaweni ethile. Abantu bazuza isiko ngokufundiswa ngesiko nokuxhumana nalo, okuyinto eyenzeka emasikweni ahlukene. Imikhuba yesiko ithathwa njengemithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini; iyisiqondiso sokuziphatha, ukugqoka, ulimi, nokuzotha esimeni esithile, futhi iyisifanekiso sendlela efanele emphakathini. Ukwamukela ukuthi kunesiko elilodwa eqenjini lomphakathi kuyingozi, njengoba nomqhinqa owodwa kulula ukuthi ushabalale ngenxa nokuguqula kwemvelo, nokuswela izindlela sokusabela ezizosebenzisa uma kunezinguquko.<ref>Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203</ref> Ingakho ngokwesiko lezempi, isibindi sithatha njengokucondoza okuvamile, futhi imfanelo, udumo, nobuqotho eqenjini lezenhlalo kuyizilungo noma ukusabela okusebenzayo lapho kunempi eqhubekayo. Ngokwenkolo, kunemidanti ethathwa njengesiko ehlonza amakholwa. Inguquko engokwesiko, iwukwakhiwa kabusha kwemicabango sesiko emphakathini. Amasiko akhinyabezwa ngaphakathi yiziphoqi ezikhuthaza izinguquko kanye nayiziphoqi ezizabalaza ngokumelene nezinguquko. Amasiko ayakhinyabezeka kakhulu lapho ethintana nezinye imiphakathi. Izinhlangano ezifana ne[[UNESCO]] zilinga ukukhweza amasiko namagugu esiko. == Ngokomchazaluntu == Yize abachaziluntu emhlabeni wonke bebhekisela encasiselweni yamasiko kaTylor <ref>{{Cite book |title=Tre saggi sull'antropologia dell'età coloniale |language=it |last=Angioni |first=Giulio |author-link=Giulio Angioni |date=1973 |oclc=641869481}}<!-- original citation was [[Giulio Angioni]], ''L'antropologia evoluzionistica di Edward B. Tylor'' in ''Tre saggi...'' cit. in ''Related Studies'', please check and remove this note --></ref> ngekhulu lama-20 elithi "isiko" lavela njengomqondo ophakathi futhi ohlanganisayo [[Umchazaluntu|womchazaluntu]] waseMelika, lapho livame kakhulu ukubhekisa emandleni omuntu jikelele wokuhlukanisa nokufaka ulwazi lomuntu ngokufanekisa, nokukhulumisana ngokomfanekiso okuhlangenwe nakho okufakiwe emphakathini.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Teslow |first=Tracy |title=Constructing race: the science of bodies and cultures in American anthropology |year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-60338-3 |oclc=980557304}}</ref> Umchazaluntu waseMelika uhlelwe waba imikhakha emine, ngamunye udlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni ngamasiko: umchazaluntu weziphili, umchazaluntu wolimi, umchazaluntu wamasiko, eUnited States naseCanada, imivubukulo.<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122150855/https://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-01-22 |title=anthropology |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=2026-08-22 |archivedate=2019-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220061305/https://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |title=anthropology |last1=Fernandez |first1=James W. |last2=Hanchett |first2=Suzanne L. |date=August 31, 2015 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=October 30, 2016 |last3=Jeganathan |first3=Pradeep |last4=Nicholas |first4=Ralph W. |last5=Robotham |first5=Donald Keith |last6=Smith |first6=Eric A. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030210125/https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |title=What is Anthropology? – Advance Your Career |publisher=American Anthropological Association |access-date=October 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026173505/http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=McBride |first2=Bunny |last3=Prins |first3=Harald E. L. |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |date=2011 |publisher=Wadsworth/Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81082-7 |oclc=731048150}}</ref> Igama elithi "izibuko zesiko" elaqanjwa isazi semvelaphi nesintu saseJalimane waseMelika uFranz Boas, sibhekisa "ezififiyelweni" esibona ngazo isiko lethu. UMartin Lindstrom uqinisekisa ukuthi izibuko zesiko, zivumela ukuthi sizwisise ngesiko esihlala kulo, "futhi" zingasiphuphuthekisa ezintweni abantu bangaphandle abaziphawula ngokushesha". <ref>{{Cite book |title=Small data: the tiny clues that uncover huge trends |url=https://archive.org/details/desirehunterdisc0000lind |date=2016 |last=Lindström |first=Martin |isbn=978-1-250-08068-4 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=London |oclc=921994909}}</ref> ==Amaphatho== dns9uoslufs2f2zpwkpcuhpiw08cb3b 2 30435 129197 128558 2026-09-19T16:09:35Z Fongcwele 16873 129197 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Zuipedia/styles.css" /> <div class="zuipedia-header"><div class="zuipedia-header-left"><div class="zuipedia-logo"><span class="zuiki-logo-lead">Wikiphidiy</span><span class="zuiki-logo-end">A</span></div><div class="zuikipedia-tagline">Umthombo wolwazi Okhululekile</div><div class="zuipedia-meta"> <span class="zuipedia-pill">[[User:Fongcwele| Umsebenzisi]]</span><span class="zuipedia-pill">[[User:Fongcwele/Begin|okuphelelwe yisikhathi]]</span><span class="zuipedia-pill">[[User:Fongcwele|ukubuyekezwa ]]</span></div></div><div class="zuipedia-header-right">[[File:IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group Logo.jpg|170px|]]</div> </div> {| style="border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #16521B; width: 80%; margin: 4px auto; padding: .2em;" |- ! rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | ! style="text-align:left; color:#ffffff" | SAWUBONA | style="text-align:centre right; color:#f4f4f4" | |- | style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#f4f4f4; padding:55px; margin:5px; border:1px dotted black;" | [[File:WikimediaZALogo.svg|left|50px]][[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|right|50px]] Ngiyakubingelela mvakashi, ngithi kuwe '''WENZE KAHLE''' ngokuvakashela '''ikhasi likaFanyane''' <br/>Ungakhohlwa ukuxoxa nami, ubuze noma yini nganoma yiluphi udaba, ngizokujabulela ukuxoxa nawe. Phequlula futhi ufunde kabanzi ngami. {{Userbox | id = [[Image:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|45px]] |id-c = #FFF |info-c = #f6f6f6 |border-c = #bbb |info = Lo msebenzisi une[[:{{{2|en}}}:User:{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|khasi]] ku [[{{{3| Wikipedia}}}]]. }} {{#babel:zu-N|en-2|zu-3|zu-2|ss-2|xh-2}} {{Infobox person|name=Fanyane Ongcwele|birth_name=Fanyane|caption=Umnikeli we[[Wikipedia]] yesi[[IsiZulu|Zulu]]|honorific prefix=Umnikeli|image=[[File:FanyaneSibanyoni, UNISA student, 2025.jpg|thumb|The is the picture of user Fongcwele]]}} '''uFONGCWELE''' ngumnikeli onikela kuyo yonke imikhakha edinga ucwaningo, ikakhulu [[Inzululwazi|eyenzululwazi]] nezobu[[Ubuchwepheshe|chwepheshe]]. Igama lika FONGCWELE eiphelele ngu''Fanyane Ongcwele''. Lo mnikeli akayena ungoti noma ingcweti yolimi, noma umbhalo oqavile. Kodwa uyakuthanda ukuhumusha, nokuthuthukisa ulimi lwebele, ubuye aqambe namagama amasha. Iminikelo yakhe eminingi [[I-Wikipedia yesiZulu|kuWikipedia wesizulu]] ehlozinge ekuhumusheni kususela esingisini. Ngonyaka wezi-2025 lo mnikeli obizwa FONGCWELE waba yingxenye [[Umklamo we-SWiP|yomklamo weSWIP]] wokuqeqesha labo abazoba abaqeqeshi ngenhloso yokucijisa abanye ngokubhala ngezindimi zomdabu kuWikipedia. Okusho ukuthi uyayazi futhi uyayiqonda imithetho nezimiso zokubhala kulengosi. * Ngicela uzizwe ukhululekile Ukulungisa amaphutha engiwenzile, ngoba wona akhona. * Ngibuye ngihumushe nezincwadi zakudala, engibona kumqoka ukuba zibe khona ngesiZulu. Uma ufuna usizo ekuhumusheni isiBhalwa esithile lapha ngithinte. Ngonyaka wezi-2026, uFongcwele nabanye abasebenzisi basungula [[m:IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group|iqembu labasebenzisa isiZulu kuWikimedia]] | |} [[File:IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group Logo.jpg|thumb]] ==Amaxhokoviyane== * [[User:Fongcwele/Draft page1|iXhokoviyane lokuqala]] * [[User:Fongcwele/Draft page 2|iXhoviyane lesibili]] * [[User:Fongcwele/iXhokoviyane|iXhokoviyane lesithathu]] bj4ww9d05eabxownqc8neab3p1hhdno 0 32025 129244 128912 2026-09-20T03:59:46Z Fongcwele 16873 129244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = Iyambazi | image = Ugali & Sukuma Wiki.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Iyambazi elinomshebo wemifino | alternate_name = | country = {{plainlist| *[[West Africa]] *[[East Africa]] *Parts of [[Southern Africa]] }} | region = | creator = | course = | type = [[Staple food|Staple]] | served = | main_ingredient = [[Maize meal]] (also known as mielie meal, or ground white [[maize]]) | similar_dish = [[Banku (dish)|Banku]], [[fufu]] | cookbook = Ugali }} '''Iyambazi''' ('''isiyambazi''') esaziwa nangokuthi '''ugali''', '''iposho''', '''insima''', '''ipapa''', '''liphalishi''', '''bogobe''', '''isadza''', '''isitshwala''', '''akume''', '''amawe''', '''ewokple''', '''akple''', namanye amagama, liwuhlobo lwesibhaqanga esenziwa [[Umthubazo wommbila|ngomthubazo wommbila]] emazweni amaningana aseAfrika: ahlanganisa lawa - [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[South Sudan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambia]], Lesotho, [[Eswatini]], [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]], [[Namibia]], Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Rwanda]], [[Malawi]], [[Botswana]] nase[[South Africa|Ningizimu Afrika]]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tasteoftheplace.com/ugali-kenyan-cornmeal/|title=Ugali - a Kenyan cornmeal |date=2017-10-16|work=Taste Of The Place|access-date=2018-08-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Liphekwa ngamanzi abilayo noma ubisi, ligovuzwe lize lishube ngokufanele.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://maureenmumasi.wordpress.com/2015/05/04/how-to-prepare-ugaliposho/|title=How to prepare ugali/posho|date=2015-05-04|work=Yummy|access-date=2018-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sheen |first=Barbara |url=https://www.google.co.ke/books/edition/Foods_of_Kenya/OINmDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ugali&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover |title=Foods of Kenya |date=2010-04-02 |publisher=Greenhaven Publishing LLC |isbn=978-0-7377-4813-0 |language=en}}</ref> Ngowezi-2017, lesi sidlo sajotshelelwa uhlwini lakwa-UNESCO lezidlo Zefagugu lesiko elingabonakali, okungesinye sezidlo ezimbalwa esifakiwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO - Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nsima-culinary-tradition-of-malawi-01292|access-date=2026-06-16|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}</ref> == Amagama == [[File:Ugali with beef and sauce.JPG|thumb|Isiyambazi esinomhluzi wenkomo eceleni]] Lesi sidlo sidliwa kabanzi emazweni aseAfrika, lapho sinamagama amaningi khona, ngokwezindawo ezihlukene. NgesiZulu kuthiwa iyambazi noma isiyambazi, uphuthu, umhiqo, Isibhaqanga, umpotokane noma iqhashi. Nawa amagama eyambazi ngezinye izilimi zaseAfrika: * ''Agidi'' – Igbo, Nigeria * ''Akple'' – Ewe, ''Akumè'' – Mina – Togo * ''Aseeda'' – Sudan * ''Akawunga''- Uganda * ''Busuma'' [Bukusu] – Kenya * ''Bando'' – Soga, Uganda * ''Bidia'' – DR Congo{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Bugali'' – [[Burundi]], DR Congo, [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Rwanda]] * ''Bogobe/Bušwa'' – BaPedi * ''Buhobe'' – Lozi<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|title=Nshima and Ndiwo: Zambian Staple Food|last=Tembo|first=Mwizenge S.|website=Hunger For Culture|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224091611/http://www.hungerforculture.com/?page_id=591|archive-date=24 February 2017|access-date=2018-02-18}}</ref> * ''Buru'' – [[Kenya]], Luo * ''Busima'' – Bagisu, [[Uganda]] * ''Chenge'' – Kenya, Luo * ''Chima'' – [[Mozambique]] * ''Couscous de Cameroon'' – [[Cameroon]] * ''Dona'' * ''Fitah'' – Sudan, South Sudan, Congo * ''Kabato'' – Ivory Coast * ''Fufu'' – Sierra Leone, Nigeria * ''Funge de milho'' – Angola (northern) * ''Isitshwala'' – Ndebele(Matabele) * ''Isishwala'' – South Africa, [[Bhaca people]] * ''Kawunga'' – Ganda, Uganda * ''Kimnyet'' – Kalenjin, Kenya * ''Kuon'' – [[Kenya]], Luo * ''Kwen wunga'' – Alur, [[Uganda]] *''La boule'' - Chad * ''Lipalishi'' – Eswatini * ''Mieliepap – ''Lesotho'',{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}'' [[South Africa]]''{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}''<ref>"Mealiepap, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/mealiepap/e04658] 25 February 2019</ref> * ''Mogo'' – Kenya, Luo * ''Moteke'' – DR Congo{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Mutuku'' – South Africa{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Nfundi'' – [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Ngima'' – Kamba, Kikuyu, Embu, Kenya * ''Nkima'' – Kenya, Meru * ''Nshima'' – DR Congo Kasai region, Zambia<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=Kitwe man confesses to killing colleague over nshima after 2 years of guilt |url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/11/16/kitwe-man-confesses-to-killing-colleague-over-nshima-after-2-years-of-guilt/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Nsima'' – Malawi,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Zambia{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Obokima'' – Kenya, Kisii * ''Obusuma'' – Kenya, isizwana Nyole<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kenya-information-guide.com/|title=Kenya Information Guide Home page|access-date=24 June 2013}}</ref> * ''Eko'' – Nigeria, Yoruba * ''Oshifima'' – Namibia Ovambo * ''Phaletšhe'' – [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[South Africa]] (Setswana) * ''Pap'' – Botswana, Namibia, South Africa<ref>"Pap, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/pap/e05513] 25 February 2019.</ref> * ''Papa/Bogobe'' – Lesotho,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[South Africa]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Pâte or Wô'' [French] – Togo, Benin * ''Phuthu/phalishi'' – Zulu people, South Africa<ref>"Putu, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018.[https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/putu/e05805] 25 February 2019.</ref> * ''Pirão'' – Angola (southern) * ''Posho'' – [[Uganda]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wattpad.com/115799426-ugandan-food-recipes-posho-ugali|title=Ugandan food recipes - POSHO (UGALI) – Wattpad|website=www.wattpad.com|access-date=2018-08-23}}</ref> * ''Saab'' – Ghana, Kusasi * ''Sadza'' – Shona{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}}<ref>"Sadza, n." Dictionary of South African English. Dictionary Unit for South African English, 2018. [https://www.dsae.co.za/entry/sadza/e06177] 25 February 2019</ref> * ''Sakora'' – Nigeria * ''Sakoro'' – Ghana * ''Sembe'' – Tanzania, Kenya slang * ''Shadza'' – Kalanga * ''Shima'' * ''Shishima'' – Zambia * ''Sima'' – Kenya, Chewa,<ref name=":022">{{cite web|url=http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|title=The Chewa|last=Gough|first=Amy|date=2004|publisher=The Peoples of The World Foundation|access-date=18 February 2018|archive-date=22 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222121847/http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/hosted/chewa/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tumbuka, and Ngoni<ref name=":0" /> * ''Soor'' – [[Somalia]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} [[Zambia]]{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Tuozafi'' (or ''T.Z.'') – Ghana * ''Tuwo'' – Hausa, Nigeria * ''Ubugali'' – Rwanda * ''Ubwali'' – Bemba<ref name=":0" /> * ''Ugali'' – Kenya,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Malawi, Mozambique, [[Tanzania]],{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Uganda,{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} Yao, Swahili * ''Um'ratha'' – Ndebele people, South Africa * ''Upswa'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} * ''Bohobe'' – Sotho, South Africa, Lesotho * ''Vhuswa'' – Venda people, South Africa * ''Vuswa'' – Tsonga people, South Africa * ''Wari'' – Mijikenda tribes, Kenyan Coast * ''Xima'' – Mozambique{{Sfn|McCann|2009|p=137}} == uMsukagama == NgesiZulu kuthiwa iyambazi, umyambazi noma isiyambazi, uphuthu, umhiqo, isibhaqanga, umpotokane (elithambile) noma iqhashi. Lamagama asetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa ngesidlo esenziwe ngempuphu yommbila, sangafakwa lutho okunye. Uma sekufakwe okunye igama liyashintsha, akusasetshenziswa amagama angenhla,ngokwesibonelo, uma kuxutshwa ummbila [[Ithanga|nethanga]] kuthiwa isijingi noma isinambathi, uma kuxutshwa nomhleke kuthiwa umuncuza, elixutshwe namalumulondo kuthiwa intshaqani. Kukhona nomxuku (umcuku). KwelaseZimbabwe ngeChishona kuthiwa isadza bese ngesiNdebele bathi isitshwala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gayathriscookspot.com/2015/09/tanzanian-ugali-nguna-recipe/|title=Tanzanian Ugali / Nguna Recipe|date=2015-09-01|work=Gayathri's Cook Spot|access-date=2018-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngenxa yethonya lesibhunu eNingizimu Afrika, sona esisebenzisa igama lesiDashi elithi pap, abantu abaningi emakolishi bathi ipapa, kuyilapho abanye bethi iphalishi belingisa isiNgisi. == Izithombe == <gallery> File:Ugali and cabbage.jpg|Isiyambazi neKlabishi File:Phutu.jpg|uPhutu, nenkezo kaShatini eceleni File:Goat Offal.JPG|Iyambazi eliyi-sadza ''(kwesokudla)'', imifino, nenyama yembuzi. File:Yawo food staples - ugali and usipa.jpg|Isiyambazi nenhlanzi encane ebizwa ulusipa </gallery> ==Amaphatho== qb7m99z8sgflybdzaloo9p1m2uurdlx 0 32075 129178 125286 2026-09-19T12:30:10Z Fongcwele 16873 129178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gqom in isibheqe script.png|thumb|Elithi Gqom ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] '''IGqom''' (igqomu, gqom tech, sghubu noma 3-Step) iyinhloko yezigqom emculweni we-elektronikhi kanye nesigaba se-house music esetshenziswa esikhathini sesibili kusukela ekuseni kwe-2010 [[eThekwini]], [[eNingizimu Afrika]]. Lapho kube ngumculi abazinikele kakhulu kulo mculo banamathalente njengama Naked Boyz, Sbucardo, DJ Lag, Rudeboyz, Nasty Boyz, Griffit Vigo, [[Distruction Boyz]], Menzi Shabane, noCitizen Boy. Lo mculo uthatha indlela yomculo we-kwaito, isigaba se-house esikhathini sesibili eNingizimu Afrika.<ref name=":0">https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/22/gqom-house-dance-bhenga-julz-da-deejay</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/22/gqom-house-dance-bhenga-julz-da-deejay</ref><ref name=":1">https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-the-gqom-whisperer-comes-home/</ref> Njengamanje izigqomu zingabonakali ngesisekelo esisodwa kwezomculo we-elektronikhi eNingizimu Afrika, okuyinto iyatholakala ngomsindo omncane, ongafinyelela kwe-bass okuningi kanye nokuphatha okuthile, futhi ezivamile ngaphandle kwe-pattern ye-four-on-the-floor.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/feb/27/township-tech-south-africans-raving-at-apartheids-afterparty</ref> Abahlaziyi bomculo abaphawula ngokuthi abazama ukunikeza uhlonishwa komhlaba wonke kwalesi sifo bayahlukanisa abafana nomculi we-rap waseNingizimu Afrika njengu-Okmalumkoolkat, okwaba yimongameli we-label yohambo ye-Italy i-Gqom Oh, Nane Kole no Lerato Phiri okuyisigaba ekhaya nabanye abantu abahlukene eNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona nomunye ongamanqamuza wokukhanya umculo okanye ukubeka indlela yokuzizwa kwabantu, uCherish Lala Mankai, owaziwa njengowenza izinto ezinjengomculi noqeqeshi we-music ye-[[DJ Tira]], u[[Babes Wodumo]], uMampintsha,uDlala Thukzin, kanye no [[Busiswa]].<ref name=":2">https://taz.de/Gqom-Musik-aus-Suedafrika/!5293795/</ref><ref name=":3">https://djmag.com/features/these-are-most-exciting-gqom-producers-right-now</ref><ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/rip-mampintsha-eff-hails-big-nuz-star-as-innovator-07e98078-b9a3-4098-a638-719071744883 RIP Mampintsha: EFF hails Big Nuz star as innovator]</ref> [[File:Example.ogg]] == Igama nezici == [[File:Zulumusiciansc.1900.jpg|alt=Zulu musicians, 1900.|thumb|257x257px|[[Musician|Abaculi]] baseZulu ngo-1900]] Isigaba esithi gqom, okuyinto lisuselwa ekuboniseni konkamisa be-click ngolimi lwesiZulu, okusho ukuthi kunezibukhali ezinzima kusigubhu. Futhi, uthiwa njenge-GQOM (isitayela), gqom tech, qgom, igqom, noma gqomu, okuyinto i-sinyathelo 3 step ekuboniseni uhlobo lwe-rhythmic patterns noma izinhlobo zayo. Kulolu hlobo, "sghubu" kungabonakala njengoba kuhunyushwa okuqondile kusuka olimini lwesiZulu kusigubhu, kanye nokuthi yigama lendawo lapho isigubhu sinamathuba okwenza khona.<ref name=":4">https://www.complex.com/music/a/james-keith/premiere-emo-kid-asbambeki-interview</ref><ref name=":5">https://www.factmag.com/2016/01/05/gqom-feature/</ref> [[File:Zulutromm.jpg|alt=(Pictured) traditional, Zulu drummer.|left|thumb|263x263px| Umshayi wesigubhu, ifinyelela yesiko lamaZulu.]] I-Gqom itholakala ngokwesibukhali sakho sokuncoma kwemibheshu emncane, okuyinto ingaphindelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlolwa kwe-bass kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-techno. Kuhlanganiswa okuyinhloko njengomsindo omnyama onemitha okulutha. Lapho kusho ukuthi isitayela sokushaya asisebenzisi indlela ye-four-on-the-floor rhythm pattern evamile kwenye umculo wesendlini. Izihloko ezivamile ze-lyric zihlanganisa Ukuphila kwasebusuku. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa umusho omusha noma imigqa embalwa embalwa engomeni. I-Gqom yasungulwa isizukulwane esisha samadJ anezikhono ezihlanganisa ukwakhiwa okuthunyelwe kanye nesofthiwe efana ne-FL Studio, futhi ngokuvamile esisakaza umculo wabo kuma-platforms okuhlanganyela amafayela.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/feb/27/township-tech-south-africans-raving-at-apartheids-afterparty</ref><ref name=":6">https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-06-27-meet-the-unsung-heroes-behind-gqom-music-rudeboyz/</ref> I-gqom ikhishwe ngokuthi "3 Step" Ngo-2016, u-Iglam u-Sbucardo wathola ulwazi oluthile mayelana ne-Igwam okuyinto izigqi ezintathu kanye ne-Igom eyodwa, okuyinto iqhathaniswa ngokuphathelene njenge-3 Step.<ref name=":2" /> I-Gqom kanye nabakhiqizi be-afro-tech kanye nabadlali base-DJ bavame ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinto (i-gqom ne-afro'tech) njengengxenye. Izithombe ezitholakala zingaba yi-I-Culoe De Song ka-2018, "''Poki Returns''" kanye ne-u"''Nika Nika''" ka-UDlala Thukzin (i-remix magical) esitholakala ku-2020 ku-''Permanent Music'', EP. Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala izinto ngokusebenzisa i-"''Phuze"'' (remix) ezifanele izigaba ze-I-Mapura, u-Zaba, uSir Trill, kanye noRascoe Kaos, ngokuhlanganisa izinto zegqom ne-i-amapiano, bathi babe yingoma eyodwa.<ref>https://djmag.com/longreads/selections-griffit-vigo</ref><ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/music/amapiano-playlist-dlala-thukzin-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-madumane-dbn-gogo-listen-watch/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://scrolla.africa/dlala-thukzins-magic-handz/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209155856/https://scrolla.africa/dlala-thukzins-magic-handz/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> I-Gqom ihlanganisa ubuhle bonke abeke isigqi, ngokwengxenye, njengokushintshana phakathi kwezinyathelo ezintathu noma ezimbili.<ref name=":5" /> == Umlando == I-Gqom yayivela ekuqaleni kwawo-2010. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathonya ngalesi sikhathi aqala ukucaphuna izenzo ezinjenge-Naked Boyz, abakwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi bakhuluma ngeqophelo lethu "''IIthoyizi''" elafumana isayinwe ku-compilation yakwaDJ Cndo ethi "i-Afrotainment," kanye nabakhiqizi bomculo njengeBlaq Soul kanye neCuloe De Song abaqondisa ithribali house, okukhombisa ukwakhiwa kwe-beat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimbumbulu zaseDurban, i-gqom yasekuqaleni kanye nendlu yesizwe yayishintshana kuma-DJ sets, njengama-music ezifana nomculo wasePitoli nase-[[Eastern Cape]], abakhiqizi bebhala imisebenzi yabo njengaweDJ Spoko, Machance, DJ Mujava, DJ Mthura, kanye ne-sgxumseni (njengeDJ Clock kanye neDJ Gukwa), baphinde bahlukene phakathi nalesi sikhathi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>978-1-928337-78-2</ref> [[File:Stress_Giver_taxi.jpg|alt=(Pictured) A common sight in South Africa is the customized and enhanced subwoofer-equipped mini van taxi, frequently blasting gqom at high volumes with amplified bass speakers.|thumb|193x193px|Umphumela oqinile ku-Ningizimu Afrika kukhona emashoneni e-mini van taxi abeze i-subwoofer ngamathoyitha kuyi-''Toyota Quantum'' (efakwe endaweni njengombombo), esiza ekugcineni ukusiza kuhlanganise izithuthi ezinkulu zezibambiso.]] Kusukela emuva kwama-2010, lolu hlobo lwezomculo luphumelele kwezwe lonke, kusukela kwezwe lase[[London]]. I-Gqom ithatha indima yayo esizungezela izinhlelo zebhizinisi zemiteksi nezinye izindawo zemisebenzi, isiko elizwa ngokuthi "ukuqhuma kwe-gqom (''gqom explosion'')" olubizwa kakhulu ngu-INazoke. Kufakwe abantu abavuma eThekwini, kodwa kusukela khona amadolobha nama-dolobhana aseKwaZulu-Natal ayabamba ukufaka into enhleko.<ref name=":4" /> == I-Gqom Ehlukile == Ngo-2017, i-rapper wezomculo we-elektronikhi u-Okmalumkoolkat wathatha inhloso yokuthi "Gqi" kanye no-Amadando, okwabe ethunyelwe yi-Rudeboyz (abamelene ne-Menchess, i-Massive Q, kanye no-Andile).<ref name=":6" /> Ngo-2018, i-Rudeboyz yayitshele uBuhle Mbonambi, owayengumhleli we-IOL, ukuthi ngamazinye amahora bahlanganisa i-gqom nezinye izinhlobo zezomculo njenge-hip hop ne-pop.<ref>https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/lifestyle/spotlight-this-is-just-the-beginning-the-gqom-evolution-hasnt-even-begun-13706295</ref> Ngo-2019, i-albhamu ka-DJ Tira, "''I-kheni''", yayihlanganisa uhlanganiselo lwamakhulu ezinhle, njengoba i-gqom, i-maskandi, i-gospel, i-amapiano, i-trap, ne-hip hop. I-albhamu yayiveza izivakashi eziningana ezibabonisa u-Chymamusique, u-Duncan, u-Skye Wanda, u-Dlala Mshunqisi, u-Kwesta, u-Hlengiwe Mhlaba, kanye no-Tipcee.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/dj-tira-ikhenani-album-listen/</ref> Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala i-"''Phuze''" (remix), okuhlanganisa izici zegqom ne-amapiano kwizinto ezinhlekelele.<ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/music/amapiano-playlist-dlala-thukzin-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-madumane-dbn-gogo-listen-watch/</ref> Umculi we-R&B, i-pop, ne-amapiano uTyla wakhishwa i-DJ Lag kanye noKooldrink ekwakheni i-ngoma, "''Overdue''". Le ngoma ihlanganisa izici zegqom ne-popiano.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-water-rb-hip-hop-rookie-of-the-month-october-1235449715/</ref> Ngo-2022, i-albhamu ye-Igqom ye-Natal Piano Movement, i-''Legendary Edition'' yayihlanganisa izinzuzo zezigqom, i-Deep House, kanye ne-Amapiano.<ref>https://djmag.com/features/these-are-most-exciting-amapiano-producers-right-now</ref> I-albhamu ye-Phases ka-Moonchild Sanelly ihlanganisa umculo we-rap waseDurban, kanye no-uBlxckie okwabe ekhombisa ukuvuseleka kwesivakashi komculo we-kwaito. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-gqom ne-amapiano ihlanganiswa nangezinzuzo ze-hip hop, jazz, pop, R&B, kanye ne-trap.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jun/12/moonchild-sanelly-phases-review-on-track-for-global-adulation</ref><ref>https://mixmag.net/feature/moonchild-sanelly-phases-interview-cover-feature</ref> UDlala Thukzin kanye nomkhiqizi we-house kanye ne-record label ye-amapiano, uDJ Kabza De Small, babambisana ekwakhiweni kwe-single ethi "Magical Ideas" okwaba ngaphakathi ku-Thukzin's, Permanent Music 3, EP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gagasiworld.co.za/dlala-thukzin-releases-his-permanent-ep/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2024-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514133111/https://gagasiworld.co.za/dlala-thukzin-releases-his-permanent-ep/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === I-United Kingdom === Ngoqiniso, i-Kode9 (uSteve Goodman), ongumqeqeshi ye-elektronikhi, uhamba phambili ekuboniseni isithakazelo esiphakeme kwi-label ye-music ye-gqom, i-Hyperdub. Amalebula aseBrithani afana no-Gqom Oh!, i-Hyperdub, kanye no-Goon Club All Stars, bahlanganisa amarekhodi a-Durban gqom namaqembu abo bamehlo ezikhathini eziningi, njengamaqembu we-Mafia Boyz, i-Dominowe, i-Cruel Boyz, uJulz Da Deejay, i-Formation Boyz, DJ Mabheko, i-Untichicks, i-TLC Fam, i-Unticipated Soundz, i-Emo Kid, kanye no-Okzharp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi ase-Gqom ayatholakala kwi-EP ''Touch'' KG & i-Scratcha DVA, kanye no- & Baga Man ka-Scratchclart. U-Scratcha DVA wathola ukuthi i-UK Gqom iyinqayizivele ye-gqom, ikwazile ukuthonya isiko salamaqembu aseBrithani, ikakhulukazi isicelo sezimandi wase-UK. Umfanekiso we-UK Gqom ungubani kaKG & Scratchclart i-''The I-Classix''. Ngo-2023, uScratcha wathola ikhono ekubambeni kanye noMenzi Shabane we-Igom, kwafika ekwenzeni nephayona. U-DJ Lag wakhuluma naye nomkhiqizi we-grime record waseBrithani futhi no-MC, u-Novelist, kusuka kuboniswa kwesihloko esithi "I-''Bulldozer''". Le ngoma yayatholakala eLondon futhi yabonisa amagama, "Big Novelist comes like a bulldozer. Kodwa ngenza isitha sivumelane ukuthi sekuphelile. Angikaze sibe ngumshoshaphansi, ngisosha langempela".<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.nts.live/shows/remote-utopias/episodes/gqom-oh-3rd-may-2020</ref><ref>https://exclaim.ca/music/article/dj_lag_and_okzharp-steam_rooms_ep</ref><ref>https://pan-african-music.com/en/scratchclart-gqom-vs-grime/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://trace.tv/music/dj-lag-novelist-collaborate-blazing-new-single-bulldozer/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513174056/https://trace.tv/music/dj-lag-novelist-collaborate-blazing-new-single-bulldozer/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === IJapane === eJapane, isigcawu se-gqom selwela ekushintsheni kwawo, ngesikhathi esikhulayo, ngokucacile ku-DJ nomkhiqizi uKΣITO, owaziwa ngokuthi waphuma kwesigcawu footwork saseJapane. Isithakazelo se-KΣITO ku-gqom siyaphila maphakathi nawo-2010. Ngo-2016, wabeka i-EP eyayihlanganisa i-gqom i-U''Hatagaya''. Izinhlelo eziningi zegqom zaseKΣITO, njengaye I-''Jakuzure Butoh'', zathola ukukhula.<ref name=":7">https://web.archive.org/web/20240501184531/https://blaqlyte.com/2022/11/28/keito-tokyo-gorge-gqom-sea-cucumber/</ref><ref name=":8">https://web.archive.org/web/20240108112037/https://mixmag.net/feature/japanese-japan-djs-dance-music-you-need-to-know</ref> I-KΣITO ihamba phambili ngemuva kwebusuku be-TYO GQOM eTokyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabambisana ne-USI KUVO isekeli lesigaba semikhumbi, ehamba ngokuthuthukiswa kwesigcawu se-gqom eJapane, futhi wabeka izimisekelo ezingaphakeme zokulungisa izinto kwamanye amaqembu abo kwi-gqom eDurban njengeLoktion Boyz. Abanye abakhiqizi baseJapane njenge-Indus Bonze, bahlanganisa izitayela somculo wesigcawu ne-''gorge'', futhi babe ngumculo waseJapane osiza ekulungiseni kwezinto.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> === IFrance === I[[France]], iqembu le-Gqommunion liqalile ngo-2017 nguSebastien Forrester no-Amzo, owayesaziwa njengoba yi-Gqom Oh!, irekhodi eyinqopha-mlando. Ngo-2019, uSebastien Forrester wabonisa i-EP ye-Iggom inspired, i-''Salvo'', ehlanganisa ne-coupé-décalé, izigqi.<ref>https://couvrexchefs.com/sebastien-forrester-gqom-salvo/</ref> === INingizimu Korea === Ngo-2018, iqembu labafana i-BTS liqalela i-"''Idol''" kwi-albhamu yabo ''Love Yourself: Answer''. I-Gqom yayilula futhi yayihlanganisa izakhi zesigqi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lihlonishwa ngokwemvelo, futhi liyathuthukisa inguqulo eyisisekelo yengoma, enomculi we-rap waseTrinidad-American, uNicki Minaj, ngokudlulisela kwe-digital kuphela.<ref name=":9">https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bts-idol-video-watch-8472006/</ref> === IMexico === Ngo-2021, i-albhamu yomculo waseMexico i-OMAAR, i-''Drum Temple'' yaphefumulelwa yi- gqom phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-UK funky. I-single, "''Drum Dance''". <ref>https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/omaar-drum-temple/</ref> === INigeria === Ngo-2018, i-Citizen Boy, umdabu waseDurban futhi iphayona lomculo we-gqom, yayihlangana nomculi waseNigeria uDapo Tuburna ukukhiqiza ingoma ethi "I-Alala". Le ngoma yayihlanganisa ku-B-Side, kwi-EP ye-Citizen Boy enesihloko esithi, ''Gqom Feve''r. "I-''Alala''" kwakuyinhlanganisela ye-gqom ne-afrobeats. Umlobi wezingoma nomculi, uYemi Alade, wavela ngo- "''My Power''" ngo-2019. Ngo-2022, i-MOVES Recordings yabonisa iqoqo layo lesibili, elinesihloko esithi ''Cruise'', eliqokomisa umsindo waseNigeria, okubonisa ukukhululeka kwe-gqom, i-techno, i-amapiano, i-afrobeats, isampula lomlingisi waseNollywood kanye noMvangeli we-TV-tele kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Iqoqo layo lihlanganisa i-DJ Stainless, i-DG Elede, i-J YK, i-RJ West, i-Fela 2 kanye noDJ OP Dot. Ngo-2020, "''Zazu Beat''" kaDJ Yk Mule nePortable Zazu's, yakhululwa. Ngo-2022, "''UZazoo Zehh''" kaPoco Lee, Portable, kanye nomculi we-rap uOlamide babaqala ukuvela ku-I-Billboard Global 200.<ref>https://notjustok.com/songs/citizen-boy-alala-ft-dapo-tuburna-gqom-fever/</ref><ref>https://www.factmag.com/2019/07/18/beyonce-dj-lag-lion-king/</ref><ref>https://djmag.com/news/moves-recordings-releases-second-compilation-spotlighting-nigerian-freebeat-sound-listen</ref><ref>https://notjustok.com/news/zazoo-zehh-debuts-on-billboard-charts/</ref> === I-Uganda === e-[[IYuganda|Uganda]], i-Nyege Nyege's record label Nyege Tapes, yayidlala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amarekhodi ye-Iggom kanye nokwenza amaphayona e-Igom, abakhiqizi be-Iggum kanye nabaculi abanjengoMenzi Shabane, i-Phelimuncasi (owabakhelwa uMalathon kanye nabaculi abangamawele uMakan Nana noKhera), i-Uganda DJ Scoturn, i-DJ Ndakx kanye ne-DJ Nhlekzin.<ref>https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/24944/1/what-the-foq-is-gqom</ref><ref>https://djmag.com/news/nyege-nyege-tapes-announces-new-album-durban-gqom-group-phelimuncasi</ref> === I-United States === Ngo-2018, uBabes Wodumo wayehlola kwi-albhamu yaseMarvel Comics, i-''Black Panther: Soundtrack album'' eyayinhlanganisela uKendrick Lamar, lapho eqoqelela indlela yakhe ethakazelisa indlela yevokali yegqom kwi-hhovisi "''Redemption''". Futhi, Wodumo walahlanganyela neqembu le-elektronikhi lelamelika leMajor Lazer kwi- "''Orkant/Balance Pon It''" futhi wabonisa izicathulo zegqom ekhasini lokumdlavula olwenziwe yimi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220819113958/https://ewn.co.za/2018/02/01/babes-wodumo-sjava-featured-on-black-panther-soundtrack-album</ref><ref>https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/stacey-norman/watch-babes-wodumo-features-in-hot-new-major-lazer-music-video/</ref> Ngo-2018, uNicki Minaj wasebenzisana ne-BTS ku- "Idol". Ngo-2019, umculi we-rap waseMelika uTierra Whack kanye nomkhiqizi we-rekhodi kanye nomlobi wezingoma UNija Charles bavela ku-UBeyoncé's "''My Power''". <ref>https://www.factmag.com/2019/07/18/beyonce-dj-lag-lion-king/</ref>I<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/rain-on-me-nija-charles-in-demand-interview-9404760/</ref>-albhamu ye-Beyoncé, ye-Renaissance studio ka-2022, yahlanganisa i-glam phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jul/29/beyonce-renaissance-review-joyous-soundtrack-to-a-hot-girl-summer</ref> Ngo-2024, uFranchise wakhipha, "''Satisfaction''". {{Citation needed}} === I-Indonesia === Ngo-2024, i-IBandung DJ kanye nomkhiqizi womculo u-REYY bakhipha ingoma enesihloko esithi, "''ITokyo Gqom''", i-remix ye-single kaTeriyaki Boyz ka-2006, "''Tokyo Drift (Fast & Furious)'' ".  {{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} == Ukudansa == I-Gqom yehlotshaniswa nezinqubo eziningi zokudansa ezahlukene, ekuyenzela kufakwe phakathi i-gwara, i-vosho ne-bhenga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://theplugmag.com/the-indelible-rise-of-gqom/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2019-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809112759/https://theplugmag.com/the-indelible-rise-of-gqom/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === ''IGwara gwara'' === I-IGwara gwara iyenzwa ngokugingqa nokushaya ingalo nendololwane ngokwenza isiyingi, futhi omunye wemilenze uhamba ngokuhambisana nesigqi sengalo. Kubonakala sengathi iyafana ne-i-''stanky legg''. UGwara gwara waduma nge-DJ Bongz IGwara gwara Afrika kanye nomculi uBabes Wodumo. Isinyathelo sokudansa sasungulwa ngumdlali we-disc kanye nomkhiqizi uDJ Bongz, salingiswa kakhulu abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nabanye abantu base-Afrika ikakhulukazi phakathi no-2016. Iphinde yathola ukuthandwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke njengoba i-choreography yamukelwa abaculi abavelele: U[[Rihanna]] wenza isinyathelo sokudansa ngenkathi edlala i-"''Wild Thoughts''" kuma-60th Annual Grammy Awards ngo-2018. UChildish Gambino wenza umdanso ku-video yengoma yakhe ethi "''This Is America''". I-BTS yenza umdanso emdlalweni wengoma yabo ethi "''Idol''".<ref name=":9" /><ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-01-01-show-dem-4-times-the-gwara-gwara-dominated-the-world-stage/</ref><ref>https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/38824/1/rihanna-gwara-gwara-dance-grammys-wild-thoughts</ref> == Imithombo == <references /> == Izihlanganisi ezingaphandle == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TaFtLHkbxE I-Future Sound of Mzansi] (Ingxenye 1), ibhayisikobho ye-documentary ka-2014 kaSpoek Mathambo noLebogang Rasethaba eveza i- gqom. * Isizukulwane se-Gqom saseDurban, eNingizimu Afrika (isiqephu se-podcast se-Afop Worldwide, 19 July 2018) * Umculo we-[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswhwp I-Gqom]: Ukusakazeka kusuka eThekwini kuya emhlabeni wonke (Imizuzu emihlanu) (Wokuqala wasakazwa ngo-22 November 2018 ku-BBC World Service - Global Beats) **Bheka i-Gqom ukuze uthole i-podcast ephelele (imizuzu engu-53) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbEP3KolrcE I-Versace Men's Spring-Summer 2019 Collection Show,Gqom esetshenziswa njengomculo we-runway] - (Versace, 2018) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXFkjMNXfpY I-BTS: I-IDOL ye-Tonight Show Starring UJimmy Fallon] - (The Tonight Show Storring Jimmy Fallón, BTS, Jimmy Fallon, 2021) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vrUaphIe88 I-Surf Sangoma (i-trailer esemthethweni) - I-Gqom soundtrack] (I-Disney+ , Kizazi Moto: I-Generation Fire, 2023) ''Kizazi Moto: Isizukulwane Somlilo, 2023) '' ojeadzibefnhl03298qt0urftjcz8dz 0 32282 129227 124572 2026-09-20T01:22:45Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129227 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |I-University of Venda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:University_of_Venda_logo.svg|150x150px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Isiqubulo | class="infobox-data" |Ukudala Abaholi Besikhathi Esizayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Uhlobo | class="infobox-data" |[[Public university|Inyuvesi yomphakathi]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Ukumiswa | class="infobox-data" |1981 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Chancellor (education)|Ishansela]] | class="infobox-data" |UMojankunyane Gumbi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |<span class="nowrap">[[Vice-Chancellor|Isekela likaShansela]]</span> | class="infobox-data" |UProfesa Ndanduleni Bernard Nthambeleni |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Abafundi | class="infobox-data" |15,248 (2023) <ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="171">[https://www.4icu.org/reviews/4238.htm "University of Venda"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809021531/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/4238.htm |date=2024-08-09 }}. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="172">''UniRank 2023''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="173"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Indawo | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="locality" style="display:inline">[[Thohoyandou|IThohoyandou]]</div>,<div class="state" style="display:inline">[[Limpopo|ULimpopo]]</div>,<div class="country-name" style="display:inline">[[South Africa|INingizimu Afrika]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |[[Athletic nickname|Igama lesidlaliso]] | class="infobox-data" |I-Univen |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.65em;" |Iwebhusayithi | class="infobox-data" |http://www.univen.ac.za/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802142530/https://www.univen.ac.za/ |date=2024-08-02 }} |} '''I-University of Venda''' ('''I-Univen'''; Venda Yunivesithi ye Venḓa, Afrikaans Universiteit van Venda) iyisikhungo esibanzi saseNingizimu Afrika esisemaphandleni, esiseThohoyandou esifundazweni saseLimpopo.<ref>{{Cite book|page=481}}</ref> Yasungulwa ngo-1981 ngaphansi kukahulumeni we-Republic of Venda. Inyuvesi yasungulwa ngo-1981 ukuze ikhonze izakhamuzi zaseVenda IBantustan; nokho, iqembu labafundi e-Univen alizange libe nabafundi be-Venda kuphela njengoba abafundi abavela kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Transvaal babehambele lesi sikhungo.<ref>{{Cite book|page=65–68}}</ref> Ngemuva kokuphela [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|Ubandlululo]] kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-bantustan eNingizimu Afrika, iqembu labafundi be-Univen lakhishwa kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngohlelo lukahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika lwenguquko Imfundo ephakeme enkulungwaneni entsha, i-Univen yaba "iyunivesithi ebanzi", enikeza kokubili izifundo ezibhekiswe emibonweni naseziqondiswe empeleni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-08-02 |archive-date=2024-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070237/https://www.univen.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Univen-History-Book.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Isikhungo == I-University of Venda ine-Campus eyodwa eyinhloko [[IThohoyandou]]. I-Campus ihlala wonke amakhono amane esikhungo, <ref>https://www.univen.ac.za/on-campus-residences/</ref> 5uhvt91q7xztkj6u9lyen5jrud9dxq4 0 32406 129229 127494 2026-09-20T01:44:38Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox education | country name = South Africa | agency 2 image = | agency = [[UMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo]] <br/>[[UMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa]] | leader titles = UNgqongqoshe Wemfundo Eyisisekelo<br/> UNgqngqoshe Wemfundo Ephakeme | leader names = [[Siviwe Gwarube]] <br/>[[Buti Manamela]] | budget = R507.8 billion | budget year = 2026 | primary languages = [[Izilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika]] [[English language|IsiNgisi]] | system type = Imfudo yomphakathi, neyangasese | established events = Current system | established dates = | literacy year = 2025 | literacy total = 95%<ref name= "South Africa has second highest rate of literate adults in Africa" /> | literacy men = | literacy women = | enroll total = n/a | enroll primary = n/a on stats SA | enroll secondary = n/a on stats SA | enroll post-secondary = n/a on stats SA | attain secondary = | attain post-secondary = |}} [[File:Mitchells-plain-schoolkids.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Izingane zesikole [[IKapa|eKapa]]]] '''Ezemfundo eNingizimu Afrika''' zingaphansi kweminyango kazwelonke emibili, [[UMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo|okunguMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo]] (DBE), obheke ezemfundo ezikoleni samabangaphansi namabangaphezulu, kanye [[UMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Nokuqeqeshwa|noMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Noqeqesho]] (DHET), obheke [[Imfundo ephakeme|ezemfundo ephakeme]] nezikhungo zokuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi. Ngaphambi kowezi-2009, yomibili iminyango yayingumnyango owodwa obizwa [[UMnyango Wemfundo]]. Ngowezi-2025, Amazinga ekhonombhalo eNingizimu Afrika eyengamaphesenti angama-95%, okuyisibalo sesibili esiphezulu kuzwekazi lase+Afrika (kulandela iSeychelles).<ref name= "South Africa has second highest rate of literate adults in Africa">{{cite web|url= https://mg.co.za/education/2025-04-29-south-africa-has-second-highest-rate-of-literate-adults-in-africa/ |title= South Africa has second highest rate of literate adults in Africa |author= Umamah Bakharia |publisher= Mail & Guardian |date= 29 April 2025 |access-date= 1 May 2025 }}</ref> Umnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo obheke izikole zomphakathi, nezikole zangasese (ezibizwa ngokuthi izikole ezizimele), izikhungo zokukhulisa izingane (ECD), nezikole zabanezidingo ezikhethekile. Izikole zomphakathi nezangasese zizonie zibizwa ngokuthi izikole ezivamile, futhi zingamaphesenti angama-97 zikole zaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokungafani nakwamanye amazwe, iningi lezikole zomphakathi zikhokhosa imali yokufunda. Izikole zingakhokhisi zaqala ukungeniswa kancane ngowezi-2007.<ref name = etu-fees>{{cite web|url=http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/schoolfees.html|title=Education Policy: School Fees|website=Etu.org.za|access-date=2017-08-27|archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123213510/https://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/schoolfees.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/education/schooling-231106.htm#.UYd8cz4Ylfk |title= Free schooling for five million - SouthAfrica.info|website=www.southafrica.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128084627/http://www.southafrica.info/about/education/schooling-231106.htm |archive-date=28 January 2013}}</ref> UMnyango Wemfundo Ephakeme Noqeqesho ubheke amakolishi emfundo eqhubekayo noqeqesho (FET), namuhla aziwa ngokuthi amakolishi eMfundo noQeqesho Lwemisebenzi Nobuchule (TVET), Izikhungo zoemfundo noqeqesho lwabadala (ABET), nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme (HE). [[Izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika]] ezilithoba zineyazo iminyango yezemfundo ebhekele ukugunundwa kwezinqubomgomo zomnyango kazwelonke futhi zixazulule izinkinga zendawo. Ngowezi-2010, uhlelo lwemfundo lalinabafundi abayizi-12,644,208, izikole eziyizi-30,586, nabafundisi abayizi-439,394.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VlqIdHT7qZ8%3D&tabid=93&mid=1952|title=Photographic image|website=Education.gov.za|access-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928051110/http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VlqIdHT7qZ8%3D&tabid=93&mid=1952|archive-date=28 September 2015}}</ref> Ngowezi-2009, uhlelo lwemfundo noqeqesho lalinabafundi abayizi-837,779 esikhungwini zemfundo ephakeme, abafundi abayizi-420,475 esikhungwini zikahulumeni zemfundo noqeqesho oluqhubekayo (FET) nabayizi- 297,900 ezikhungwini zikahulumeni zemfundo noqeqesho lwabadala (ABET).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=137426 |title=Education Statistics in South Africa 2009 |publisher=Department of Basic Education |access-date=2013-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927135637/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=137426 |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ngowezi-2013, [[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] wachitha amaphesenti angama-21 esabelomali sikazwelonke kwezemfundo. Amaphesenti alishumi esabelomali ngawezemfundo ephakeme. INhlangano ebizwa ''The Human Rights Measurement Initiative'' (HRMI)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org}}</ref> yathola ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ifezekisa amaphesenti angama-57.1 kuphela alokho okufanele ikufeze okuyilungelo lwemfundo uma kubhekwa amazinga emalingeniso ezweni.<ref name="South Africa - HRMI Rights Tracker">{{Cite web |title=South Africa - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324233849/https://rightstracker.org/ }}</ref> Le nhlangano iHRMI ihlakahla ilungo lemfundo ngokubheka amalungelo kokubili emfundweni yamabangaphansi neyamabangaphezulu. Nakuba ibheka amazinga emalingeniso eNingizimu Afrika, kuthiwa Isizwe ziyakwazi ukufeza amaphesenti angama-70.8 alokho obekungenziwa ngezinsizakusebenza (imalingeniso) kwezemfundo yamabangaphansi namaphesenti angama80.9 kwezemfundo yamabangaphezulu, namaphesenti ali-19.6 kuzingabunjalo lezemfundo jikelele. *UMthetho Wezikole zaseNingizimu Afrika we-1996 ulawula ufikelelo kwezemfundo, uqhakambisa izingabunjalo nokulawulwa kombusososabala ohlelweni lwezemfundo, futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banofikelelo lemfundo enezingabunjalo eliphezulu ngaphandle kokubandlululwa. *UMthetho Wenqubongomo Yezemfundo Kazwelonke we-1996 uqakaqa izingubongomo, izibopho zomthetho nokwalusa zikaNgqongqoshe Wemfundo Eyisisekelo zibe umthetho, kuhlanganisa nobudlelwane obuphakathi kweziphathimandla zikazwelonke nezezifundazwe. *UMthetho Wokuqashwa Kwabafundisi we-1998 ulawula ubungcwepheshi, isimilo, nezibopho zokucobdoza kwabafundisi nezimfuneko zamakhono abo.<ref name="o106">{{cite web | title=Education | website=South African Government | date=2022-04-01 | url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/education | access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> == Uhlelo lwemfundo eyisisekelo == Imfundo eyisisekelo eNingizimu Afrika yenzeka ezikoleni zamabangaphansi namabangaphezulu, kusuka kuBanga 1 (6–7-iminyaka) kuya kuBanga 12 (18–21-iminyaka). Abafundi abaqoqoda iBanga 12 bagogoda ngesifakazelo sikamatikuletsheni, esibavumeka ukuba badlulele emfundweni yezinga eliphakeme.<ref name="z778">{{cite book | title=Systematic Reviews of Research in Basic Education in South Africa | publisher=African Sun Media | edition=1 | year=2021 | isbn=978-1-991201-14-0 | jstor=j.ctv1nzfwxq | page=}}</ref> Umnyango uqembula amabanga ngamaqebu amabili abizwa Imfundo Noqeqesho Jikelele (GET), ehlanganisa iBanga R (eliyinkulisa)<ref name="Education in South Africa">{{cite web |last1=Macha |first1=Wilson |last2=Kadakia |first2=Aditi |title=Education in South Africa |url=https://wenr.wes.org/2017/05/education-south-africa |website=World Education News and Reviews |publisher=World Education Services |access-date=6 August 2023 |ref=WENR |date=2 May 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806164207/https://wenr.wes.org/2017/05/education-south-africa |dead-url=yes }}</ref>) namaBanga 1 kuya ku- 9, neMfundo Noqeqesho Oluqhubekayo (FET), ehlanganisa amaBanga 10 kuya ku- 12 Kanye namalungiselelo emfundo ephakeme nokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi. Iqembu le-GET liphinde lihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezibizwa ngokuthi ISigaba Esiyisisekelo (iBanga R - 3), ISigaba Esiphakathi (iBanga 4 - 6), neSigaba Ngqangi (iBanga 7 - 9). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border-width:3px" |+ Primary and secondary educational levels <ref>{{cite web |title=Report on the Alignment of the South African National Qualifications Framework (SANQF) to the Southern African Development Community Qualifications Framework (SADCQF) |url=https://www.saqa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/SADCQF-alignment-report_25102018.pdf |publisher=South African Qualifications Authority |access-date=6 August 2023 |page=28 |date=October 2018}}</ref> ! Iminyaka !! IBanga |- ! colspan="2" | ISigaba Esiyisisekelo |- | 5–6 | iBanga R |- | 6–7 | iBanga 1 |- | 7–8 | iBanga 2 |- | 8–9 | iBanga 3 |- ! colspan="2" | ISigaba Esiphakathi |- | 9–10 | iBanga 4 |- | 10–11 | iBanga 5 |- | 11–12 | iBanga 6 |- ! colspan="2" | ISigaba Ngqangi |- | 12–13 | iBanga 7 |- | 13–14 | iBanga 8 |- | 14–15 | iBanga 9 |- ! colspan="2" | ISigaba semfundo Noqeqesho Oluqhubekayo |- | 15–16 | iBanga 10 |- | 16–17 | iBanga 11 |- | 17–18 | iBanga 12 |} == Uhlelo lwemfundo ephakeme noqeqesho == [[File:NQF explanation graph.svg|thumb|500px|Isazobe siveza uHlaka Lwezimfanelo Kuzwelonke (NQF) nokuhlobana kwazo nezinketho zemfundo zohlelo laseNingizimu Afrika ngowe-2017.]] Ubungeno enyuvesi budinga isifakazelo sikaMatikuletsheni, nakuba amanye amanyuvesi nezimfuneko zawo ezengeziwe zakwangqondonkulu. Umkhakha wemfundo ephakeme ezweni uyaphithizela, njengoba beyizigidi abafundi ababhalisela ukufunda emanyuvesi, emakolishi nasemanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe. Wonke amanyuvesi azimele, eziphendulela eMkhandlwini yawo hhayi kuhulumeni. UHlaka Lwezimfanelo Kuzwelonke okuluhlelokulawula lwemfundo ephakeme ezweni lugunundwa Isiphathimandla Sezimfanelo saseNingizimu Afrika. Ukungasebenzi kwabaqoqodile nokuqashwa kancane kwabo kuyizinkinga eziqhubekayo, njengoba bebaningi abafundi ayaqhubeka nokubhalisela izifundo zezoluntu, ezobuciko nezinzululwazi zenhlalo. Bambalwa abafundi abakhetha ukuyofunda izifundo ezinesidingo esiphezulu ezifana nokufundisa, ezempilo, ezohwebo, ezenzululwazi, ezobuchwepheshe, ezomngcikisho nomchazazibalo, kanye nezobuphepha.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/south-african-graduates-may-be-employed-but-skills-and-jobs-dont-match/ | title =South African graduates may be employed but skills and jobs don't match | date =14 April 2021 | website =The South African | publisher =Blue Sky Publications | access-date =21 April 2021 | archive-date =21 April 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210421163953/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/south-african-graduates-may-be-employed-but-skills-and-jobs-dont-match/ | dead-url =yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.iol.co.za/education/sa-graduates-may-get-the-job-but-lack-the-skills-d9f95655-700c-4237-abb9-55dac76d940d | title =SA graduates may get the job but lack the skills | date =13 September 2021 | website =IOL | access-date =23 September 2021}}</ref> <!-- === Restructuring of universities and technikons === --> Umthetho Wokijija Amanyuvesi we-1959 wenza izinhloli zokuhlukanisa Amanyuvesi ngokobuhlanga. Phezu kwalokho, izabelo ezizimele zanikezwa Amanyuvesi azo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwezabelo ezizimele, kwase kunamanyucesi namatechnikoni angama- 36 eNingizimu Afrika, ayesondelene futhi enezifubdo ezifanayo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=23530 |title=Unisa Online - the restructuring of SA higher education |access-date=2013-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927023942/http://www.unisa.ac.za/default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&ContentID=23530 |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Ngowe-1994, uhulumeni waqala ukuhlela kabusha Amanyuvesi namateknikoni ngokuwaxuba nokuwashumanqa. Lokhu kwafezwa ngowezi-2005. Kwadaleka Izikhungo ezintsha ezingama-22 kwezingu-36 zangaphambili. Ezilishumi kuzo zethuwa kabusha.<ref name="allbursaries.co.za">{{cite web |url=https://allbursaries.co.za/south-african-universities/ |title=AllBursaries - list of universities in South Africa |date=2022-11-27 |website=allbursaries.co.za |access-date=2022-11-27 |archive-date=2022-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127174006/https://allbursaries.co.za/south-african-universities/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Amaphatho == [[Category:Imfundo yaseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Imfundo]] e8yrhfg9ovxvk3mxcf9izxk565ubwby 0 33456 129200 127772 2026-09-19T17:21:03Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umchazanhlalo''' uyisifundo senzululwazi somphakathi wabantu esihlozinga ukuziphatha kwabo, isifanelo zobudlelwane abanabo, ukwenanana kwabo ngokwenhlalo, nezici zesiko eziyamaniswa jempilo yansuku zonke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology |title=sociology |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dictionary of the Social Sciences |date=2008 |orig-date=2002 |editor-last=Calhoun |editor-first=Craig |title=Sociology |url=http://www.asanet.org/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=New York |via=American Sociological Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sociology: A 21st Century Major |url=https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Colgate University |publisher=American Sociological Association}}</ref> [[Inzululwazi yezenhlalo|Njengenzululwazi yezenhlalo]], umchazanhlalo usebenzisa izindlelasu zocwaningo olufuna ubufakazi nesihlaziyo esigxekayo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ashley |first1=David |first2=David M. |last2=Orenstein |year=2005 |title=Sociological Theory: Classical Statements |edition=6th |place=Boston |publisher=Pearson Education}}</ref>{{Rp|3–5}} ukuze ukhulise indikimba yolwazi ephathekene ngohlelo kwezenhlalo nenguquko yezenhlalo. Izihlokondaba zomchazanhlalo zihlanganisa isihlaziyo sezinga elincane sokwenanana kwabantu ngabanye and agency kuya kwisihlaziyo sezinga elikhulu sezimiso zezenhlalo nohlaka lwezenhlalo. Ucwaningo lwezenhlalo olusebenzayo lona lungaqondiswa kwinqubomgomo yezenhlalo nenhlakahle, kuyilapho izinsondelo zomchachiso zona zingahlozinga ekuqondeni imidludlungu yezenhlalo nendlelasu yesimongotho. Ngokuvamile umchazanhlalo uhlozinga ukungwinbaniswa kwezenhlalo, Isigaba sezenhlalo, ukuntinta kwezenhlalo, umchazanhlalo wenkolo, ezomhlaba, umchazanhlalo wezomthetho, ubulili, ubulilisiqu, uhlanga, imikhuba yezenhlalo, nomhlanglatho. Ucwaningo lakamuva lujobelele izici zobuchwephenhlalo zegebe lezezibhangqiwe njengenhlozingo entsha.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Jianghua |date=2023-11-13 |title=Beyond structural inequality: a socio-technical approach to the digital divide in the platform environment |journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|volume=10 |article-number=813 |doi=10.1057/s41599-023-02326-1 |s2cid=265151025 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Umchazanhlalo wezezibhangqiwe uhlola umthelela wezobuchwepheshe bezezibhangqiwe ekuziphatheni ngokwenhlalo nasesikhungwini, ngokubheka izici zobungcwepheshi, zesihlaziyo, nezomphakathi.<ref name="Lupton2015">{{cite book |last=Lupton |first=Deborah |title=Digital Sociology |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0415833603}}</ref> Uxhakaxholo seluguqule izinkundla zokuxhumana nobidlelwane bezamandla, kanjalo lugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulayo komchazanhlalo wezezibhangqiwe.<ref name="Castells2001">{{cite book |last=Castells |first=Manuel |title=The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society |url=https://archive.org/details/internetgalaxyre0000cast |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-925577-1}}</ref> Njengoba yonke imikhakha yobuqhebeqhebe yomuntu ikhinyabezwa ukuxhumana okuphakathi kohlaka lwezenhlalo ne-agency yomuntu, umchazanhlalo sewuyandisile inhlozingo yawo kwesinye izihlokondaba nezikhungo, ezifana nonhlazanhlalo wezempilo, nomchazanhlalo wezokwelapha; umchazanhlalo wezempi, umchazanhlalo wesijeziso nomchachiso wokulawula; umchazanhlalo woxhakaxholo; umchazanhlalo wezemfundo; kanye neqhaza lobuqhebeqhebe bezenhlalo ekuthuthukisweni komchazanhlalo wolwazi lwenzululwazi. ==uMsukagama== yigama elihumusha elithi ''sociology''(lisuka kwisiLathini: ''socius''- umphakathi; isiGriki: ''logos'': isifundo) lisho isifundo senzululwazi somphakathi wabantu esigxile emphakathini, ukuziphatha kwabantu emphakathini, izindlela zobudlelwano bomphakathi, ekuxhumaneni nabantu, kanye nemikhakha yesiko ehlobene nokuphila kwemihla ngemihla.<ref>[https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sociology "sociology"]. Retrieved 20 April 2020.</ref><ref>Dictionary of the Social Sciences (2008) [2002]. Calhoun, Craig (ed.). [https://www.asanet.org/wp-content/uploads/savvy/introtosociology/Documents/Field%20of%20sociology033108.htm#whatissociology "Sociology"]. New York: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]] – via [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]].</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20171018181236/https://www.colgate.edu/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sociology-a-21st-century-major.pdf?sfvrsn=0 Sociology: A 21st Century Major]" (PDF). ''Colgate University''. [[:en:American_Sociological_Association|American Sociological Association]]. Archived from [https://www.colgate.edu/404-page-not-found the original] (PDF) on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.</ref> Igama elithi ''sociology'' laqanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulunyaka le-18 ukuchaza ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lomphakathi.<ref>Fauré, Michel; Guilhaumou, Jean-Pierre; Vallier, Christian (1999). ''Sieyès et l'invention de la sociologie''. Presses Universitaires de France. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2130497499|ISBN 978-2130497499]]. <code>[[:en:Template:Cite_book|<nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki>]]</code>: Check <code>|isbn=</code> value: see checksum (help)</ref> ==Amaphatho== 7a99oj728ow31wfuynsw4j8vfrgn3h5 2 33626 129186 128738 2026-09-19T14:05:03Z Mratata 25458 129186 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mratata [[User:Mratata/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 10|Draft 10]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 11|Draft 11]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 12|Draft 12]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 13|Draft 13]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 14|Draft 14]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 15|Draft 15]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 16|Draft 16]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 17|Draft 17]] duvi2no4mohzpgggxhg23ey9v0ie0b5 129188 129186 2026-09-19T14:15:29Z Mratata 25458 129188 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mratata [[User:Mratata/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 10|Draft 10]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 11|Draft 11]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 12|Draft 12]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 13|Draft 13]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 14|Draft 14]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 15|Draft 15]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 16|Draft 16]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 17|Draft 17]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 18|Draft 18]] 1buehb2vdp7oamkixla5rmk8qecb2f2 129192 129188 2026-09-19T14:53:02Z Mratata 25458 129192 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mratata [[User:Mratata/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 10|Draft 10]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 11|Draft 11]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 12|Draft 12]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 13|Draft 13]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 14|Draft 14]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 15|Draft 15]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 16|Draft 16]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 17|Draft 17]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 18|Draft 18]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 19|Draft 19]] nojvjrhi80qu6uigjmly96c17q3bj8p 129223 129192 2026-09-19T21:44:50Z Mratata 25458 129223 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mratata [[User:Mratata/Draft 1|Draft 1]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 4|Draft 4]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 5|Draft 5]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 10|Draft 10]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 11|Draft 11]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 12|Draft 12]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 13|Draft 13]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 14|Draft 14]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 15|Draft 15]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 16|Draft 16]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 17|Draft 17]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 18|Draft 18]] [[User:Mratata/Draft 19|Draft 19]] [[User:Mratata/Draft20|Draft 20]] myfi44cjeq92jzge38xa5i2tkje1nbg 2 33745 129173 129159 2026-09-19T12:15:07Z ShanduMm 25498 ngibhale ngengulube yehlathi 129173 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami:ShanduMm [[User:ShanduMm/Draft1|Draft1]] - [[User:ShanduMm/Draft2|Draft2]] [[Impuphu yamabele|Draft 3]] - [[Ukhozi|Draft4]] [[Ingulube yehlathi|Draft5]] 9wbhjf8hgz4nxxek9nl76zgvne55c4a 2 33750 129184 129162 2026-09-19T13:43:40Z Cebisah 25500 ngibhale ama article awu2 129184 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami Cebisah [[User:Cebisah/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:Cebisah/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Ihhashi lasolwandle|Draft 3]] - [[Insingizi|Draft 4]] 3yc0hnmtvre4es7nr2ct7cwrhoxw12h 129257 129184 2026-09-20T07:18:16Z Cebisah 25500 ngisungule u draft 5 129257 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami Cebisah [[User:Cebisah/Draft 1|Draft 1]] - [[User:Cebisah/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Ihhashi lasolwandle|Draft 3]] - [[Insingizi|Draft 4]] [[Ipikoko|Draft 5]] - i0i6sgp9rap238p4im00uaavm812jo6 0 33959 129201 128926 2026-09-19T17:28:04Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''INhlabanjano''' (Uphayinaphu)<ref name="Morton 1987">{{Cite web|year=1987|title=Pineapple, ''Ananas comosus''|url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pineapple.html|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=In: Fruits of Warm Climates, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University|pages=18–28}}</ref> (i-Ananas comosus) iyisitshalo sasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinezithelo ezidliwayo; iyisitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho emndenini we-Bromeliaceae.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge |first=G |year=2003 |title=The Pineapple: Botany, Production, and Uses |url=https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse |last2=Leal |first2=F. |publisher=CABI Publishing |isbn=978-0-85199-503-8 |editor-last=Bartholomew |editor-first=DP |location=Wallingford, UK |page=[https://archive.org/details/pineapplebotanyp0000unse/page/21 21] |chapter=Chapter 2: Morphology, Anatomy, and Taxonomy |editor-last2=Paull |editor-first2=RE |editor-last3=Rohrbach |editor-first3=KG}}</ref> Inhlabanjano idabuka [[IMelika Eningizimu|INingizimu Melika]], lapho einywe khona amakhulu amaningi eminyaka.<ref name="grant">{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Jason R. |last2=Zijlstra |first2=Gea |date=1998 |title=An Annotated Catalogue of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae (see ''Ananas'') |journal=Selbyana |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=91–121 |issn=0361-185X |jstor=41759978}}</ref> Isingeniso sesitshalo sehlabanjano [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] Ngekhulu le-17 kwenza ukuthi sibe nesithombe esibalulekile esingokwesiko sokunethezeka.<ref name="smithsonian">{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=The prickly meanings of the pineapple|url=https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2021/01/28/the-prickly-meanings-of-the-pineapple/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=Smithsonian Library and Archives}}</ref> Kusukela ngawo-1820, inhlabanjano iye yatshalwa ezindlini zokukhulisa izitshalo kanye nezithelo eziningi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Isithelo, ikakhulukazi ujusi waso, usetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ekudleni nasekuphekeni. Inhlabanjano ikhula njengesihlahla esincane; imbali ngayinye yesitshalo esingenampova zihlangana ukuze zakhe izithelo eziningi. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukwanda kusuka ekuhlukanisweni okukhiqizwa phezulu esithelweni <ref name="Morton 1987" /> noma esihlahleni esihlangothini, futhi sivame ukuvuthwa kungakapheli nonyaka. <ref name="ncsu">{{Cite web|date=2025|title=''Ananas comosus'', pineapple|url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ananas-comosus/|accessdate=2 August 2025|publisher=North Carolina State University Extension; Plant Toolbox}}</ref> == Umsuka ==   gi3t562zwkl676nkveccw6tkm2zhur7 0 34553 129245 125407 2026-09-20T04:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129245 wikitext text/x-wiki Ulimi lwesiXhosa luhlikile kakhulu kunolimi lwesi[[UMasipala wesiFunda seZululand|Zulu]].Imisindo yokuchofoza (click consonants) kilimi lwesiXhosa yimisindo esetshenziswa ngokuchofoza ulimi ngaphakathi emlonyeni<ref>https://www.news24.com/life/archive/beautiful-zulu-baby-names-for-boys-and-girls-20170420</ref>. EsiXhoseni le misindo iyingxenye ebalulekile yolimi futhi isetshenziswa ukwakha amagama ahlukene. Imisindo yoluchofoza ihlukanisa isiXhosa kwezinye izilimi eziningi emhlabeni ngoba ayivamile ukutholakala kwezinye izilimi. Abanye abantu baye bathi ulimi lwesixhosa lasuselw olimi lwama khoi khoi noma khoi san ngoba nawo ulimi lwabo lusubenzisa ukuchofoza ulumi ngezinkathi eziningi. EsiXhoseni kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhoko zemsindo yokuchofoza: * C- Ukuchofoza ngamazinyo angaphambili (dental clicks). * X-Ukuchofoza ohlanganisa ulimi (lateral clicks) * [[File:Zulu Culture, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (20519835371).jpg|thumb|Umehluko kweZolimi]]Q- Ukuchofoza ngolimi olusuka ophahleni lomlomo (alveolar click). '''Umlando Wemisindo Yokuchofoza esiXhoseni''' Kukholelwa ukuthi imisindo yokuchofoza yangena esiXhoseni emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ngesikhathi abantu abakhuluma izilimi zamaNguni behlangana futhi behwebelana nabantu bakwaKhoisan eningizimu ye-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Izilimi zamaKhoisan zazivele zisebenzisa kakhulu imisindo yokuchofoza.<ref>News.com</ref>Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, [[isiXhosa]] samukela le misindo, futhi yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yolimi. Namuhla, amagama amaningi esiXhosa asebenzisa imisindo yokuchofoza, futhi ukukhuluma kahle isiXhosa kudinga ukwazi ukuyiphimisa ngendlela efanele.Imisindo yokuchofoza ayigcini ngokuba yisici solimi kuphela, kodwa iphinde ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yefa, umlando, nobunikazi besizwe samaXhosa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ancestry24.co.za/learning-centre/xhosa-names-and-meanings/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-06-28 |archive-date=2026-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721060920/https://ancestry24.co.za/learning-centre/xhosa-names-and-meanings/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. '''Nazi izihloko eziyi-10 ezihlobene namasiko esiXhosa noma esiZulu''' Intonjane – Umsebenzi wesintu wokulungiselela nokungenisa amantombazane esiXhosa ebudaleni. Ukweluka – Umsebenzi wesintu wokusoka nokungenisa abafana besiXhosa ebudaleni. Ukusoma – Umsebenzi wesintu wokushela nokuqomisana phakathi kwentsha yesiXhosa. Imbongi – Umuntu odumisa amakhosi, imindeni noma abantu abavelele ngezinkondlo zendabuko. Isicathamiya – Uhlobo lomculo wendabuko waseNingizimu Afrika oculwa ngaphandle kwezinsimbi. Ubuhlalu besiXhosa – Umlando, ubuciko, nemibala yobuhlalu obusetshenziswa emasikweni esiXhosa. Ubuhlalu besiZulu – Incazelo yemibala, imiklamo kanye nokubaluleka kobuhlalu emasikweni esiZulu. Izinkondlo zokudumisa zendabuko – Umlando, ukubaluleka kanye nendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo emasikweni ase[[Ningizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrik]]<nowiki/>a. Umshado wesintu wesiXhosa – Amasiko nemigubho ehambisana nomshado wesintu esiXhosa. '''Isiphetho''' Izithakazelo nezibongo zakwaXhosa. Umlando nokubaluleka kwezithakazelo nezibongo emasikweni esiXhosa.Ngamafuphi, isiZulu nesiXhosa ziyizilimi ezisondelene kakhulu ngoba zivela esigabeni esisodwa sezilimi zase‑Nguni. Zinezinto eziningi ezifanayo njengokwakheka kwamagama, indlela yokwakha imisho, kanye nezimpande zamagama.Nokho, zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwemisindo yokuchofoza, indlela yokuphimisa, kanye namagama athile ahlukile. IsiXhosa sivame ukuba nemisindo yokuchofoza eminingi, kanti isiZulu sivame ukuba lula kancane ekufundeni nasekuphimiseni. '''References''' <references /> <ref>https://www.pinterest.com/ideas/xhosa-names/902927752716/</ref> su8cg2pzcp71hoe03s5ur0d7id2pps7 0 34705 129214 127689 2026-09-19T18:11:01Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukhululeki''' buyinjulalwazi yesimilo kwezombusazwe esekelwe emalungelweni omuntu ngamunye, inkululeko, imvume yababuswayo, Ukulingana kwezombusazwe, ilungelo lempahla yangasese, kanye nokulingana phambi komthetho.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics|editor-last=McLean|editor-first=Iain|editor2-last=McMillan|editor2-first=Alistair|edition=3rd|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-920516-5|oclc=173498589|quote=liberalism In general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize freedom of choice.}}</ref> Abakhululeki abhlukahlukene basekela imibono ehlukahlukene futhi ngezinye izikhathi ephikisanayo kuye ngokuqonda kwabo izimiso kodwa ngokuvamile basekela umbuso wabantu wobukhululeki, [[Impahla esisulu|impahla yomuntu siqu]], iminotho yendayi, amalungelo omuntu ngamunye (kuhlanganise Amalungelo omphakathi n[[Amalungelo abantu]]), ukungakhethi, [[ukubusa komthetho]], inkululeko yezomnotho neyezombusazwe, inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yemithombo yezindaba, inkululeko yokuhlangana, inkululeko yenkolo. Ubukhululeki buvame ukucashunwa njengenkolelombono echachazayo yomlando wanamuhla. Ubukhululeki baphenduka umbutho wezombusazwe Ngenkathi Yokukhanyiselwa, yaba yaduma kakhulu kosomnotho nosonjulalwazi baseNtshona. Ubukhululeki babufuna ukufakelela Impilo evamile yezicwicwicwi, inkolo, ubukhosi obungaphikoswa ilungelo lamakhosi lokubusa, nomyamuva ongokwesiko ngombusosobala wokumelelwa, ukubusa komthetho, nokulingana ngaphansi kwawo. Ubukhululeki baqeda nangezinqubomgomo ze-mercantilism, monopoly yasebukhosini, nezinye inigoqo yohwebo. Osonjulalwazi uJohn Locke uyena okuthiwa wasungula ubukhululeki njengesiko elihlukile elisekelwe ''kusivumelwano senhlalo'', lapho ethi umuntu ngamunye unelungelo elingokwemvelo lempilo, inkululeko nempahla, futhi ohulumeni akufanele baphule [[Ilungelo|lamalungelo]].<ref>{{cite book |quote=All mankind ... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions |first=John |last=Locke |author-link=John Locke |title=Second Treatise of Government|year=2012 |url=https://archive.org/details/secondtreatiseof0000lock }}</ref> Nakuba ubukhululeki baseBrithani ngokwesiko babugcizelela umbusosobala, ubukhululeki baseFulansi bona babugcizelela ukulandula ubungongomela. Abaholi baseBrithani beNguqulambuso ekhazimulayo yowe-1688,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/1688firstmodernr00stev |url-access=registration |title=1688: The First Modern Revolution |first=Steven |last=Pincus |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15605-8 |access-date=7 February 2013}}</ref> neNguqulambuso yaseMelika yowe-1776, neNguqulambuso yaseFulansi yowe-1789, zonke zisebenzisa injulalwazi yobukhululeki ukuhlanguza ukuketula ngezikhali ubukhosi. Ikhulu le-19 labona ukusungulwa kohulumeni bobukhululeki kwelaseYurophu naseMelika eseNyakatho.<ref>{{cite book |first=Milan |last=Zafirovski |title=Liberal Modernity and Its Adversaries: Freedom, Liberalism and Anti-Liberalism in the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNlT9Qho0tAC&pg=PA237 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |page=237 |isbn=978-90-04-16052-1 |via=Google Books}}</ref> KwelaseBrithani yenkathi kaVictorya, ubukhululeki basetshenziswa ukugxeka umsungulo wezombusazwe, busebenzisa inzululwazi nenhluzeko ekumeleni abantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eddy |first1=Matthew Daniel |title=The Politics of Cognition: Liberalism and the Evolutionary Origins of Victorian Education |journal=British Journal for the History of Science |date=2017 |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=677–699 |doi=10.1017/S0007087417000863 |pmid=29019300 |doi-access=free |issn=0007-0874 }}</ref> Ngekhulu le19 nelama-20, ubukhululeki emazweni aseMpuma Ephakathi athonya inkathi yezinguquko nokuvela kwemibono yomthethosisekelo, ubuzwe, nokomhlaba. Ngaphambi kowe-1920, izinkolelombono esiyinhloko ezazingamaqhwemalala obukhululeki [[Ubukhomanisi|zaziwubukhomanisi]] , umyamuva [[UCosulelwano|nocusulelwano]];<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lta_DwAAQBAJ |title=Liberalism and Its Critics |last=Koerner |first=Kirk F. |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-429-27957-7 |location=London |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> ubukhululeki baphibde babhekana nezinselele ngezinkolelelombono ezifana nobungqwamasi (fascism) nomibono kaMarxi–noLenin. Futhi imibono yobukhululeki yasakazeka nakakhulu lapho amazwe aseNtshona neYurophu, enqoba Izompi zoMhlaba ezimbili.<ref>{{cite book |last=Conway |first=Martin |editor-last=Gosewinkel |editor-first=Dieter |title=Anti-liberal Europe: A Neglected Story of Europeanization |chapter=The Limits of an Anti-liberal Europe |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ECIfAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA184 |year=2014 |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |page=184 |isbn=978-1-78238-426-7 |quote=Liberalism, liberal values and liberal institutions formed an integral part of that process of European consolidation. Fifteen years after the end of the Second World War, the liberal and democratic identity of Western Europe had been reinforced on almost all sides by the definition of the West as a place of freedom. Set against the oppression in the Communist East, by the slow development of a greater understanding of the moral horror of Nazism, and by the engagement of intellectuals and others with the new states (and social and political systems) emerging in the non-European world to the South. |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> nempi yokusabisana.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Patrick|last1=Iber|title=Neither Peace Nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqDXCgAAQBAJ|publisher=Harvard University Press|date=13 October 2015|isbn=978-0-674-28604-7|via=Google Books|pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fukuyama |first=Francis |date=1989 |title=The End of History? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24027184 |journal=The National Interest |issue=16 |pages=3–18 |jstor=24027184 |issn=0884-9382 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629201829/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24027184 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Amaphatho== bvl8gv3uwrp0tea1y53a0j2pf4g4chy 0 34994 129203 128483 2026-09-19T17:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129203 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Inyoka<br /><br /><div style="font-size: 95%;">Inkathi eyayiphila kuso: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;">Emaphethelweni enkathi yomcako–namuhla</span><ref name="FB">{{FishBase family|family=Odontaspididae|year=2009|month=January}}</ref> </span><div style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><span class="noprint">[[Precambrian|PreꞒ]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><span class="noprint">[[Cambrian|Ꞓ]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><span class="noprint">[[Ordovician|O]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><span class="noprint">[[Silurian|S]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><span class="noprint">[[Devonian|D]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><span class="noprint">[[Carboniferous|C]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><span class="noprint">[[Permian|P]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><span class="noprint">[[Triassic|T]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><span class="noprint">[[Jurassic|J]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><span class="noprint">[[Cretaceous|K]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><span class="noprint">[[Paleogene|<small>Pg</small>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><span class="noprint">[[Neogene|<small>N</small>]]</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.98461538462px; width:34.015384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42; "></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:185.98461538462px; width:34.015384615385px; background-color:#360; opacity:1; "></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:186.98461538462px; width:32.015384615385px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></div> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" | [[File:Trimeresurus sabahi fucatus, Banded pit viper - Takua Pa District, Phang-nga Province (46710893582).jpg|266px|Intaca enemithende yesifundazwe iPhang-nga (46710893582)]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |[[Intaca enemithende (''Trimeresurus sabahi fucatus'')]] |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Ingqwangqwa (kumchazampilo)|Umjinjo wenzululwazi]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Odontaspididae| e ]]</span> |- |UMbuso: |[[Izilwane|Wezilwane]] |- |UmHibatho: |[[Esinejonqa]] |- |IsiGaba: |[[Isihuquzi]] |- |UHlelo: |Ezinamazenge (Squamata) |- |Igatsaha: |Ezineloyi (toxicofora) |- |Igatsha: |Izintacazana (ophidia) |- |Uhlelozansi: |[[Izinyokana]]<br /><br /><small>[[Linneuas, 1758]]</small> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |} '''Izinyoka''' [[Isihuquzi|yizilwane ezihuquzelayo]] ezingenazingalo zohlelozansi [[Ezinamazenge|lwezinamazenge]] olubizwa izinyoka.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Reeder TW, Townsend TM, Mulcahy DG, Noonan BP, Wood PL, Sites JW, Wiens JJ |year=2015 |title=Integrated analyses resolve conflicts over squamate reptile phylogeny and reveal unexpected placements for fossil taxa |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=10 |issue=3 |article-number=e0118199 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1018199R |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0118199 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4372529 |pmid=25803280 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Zihlobene eduze izibankwa kanye ne tuatara, izinyoka ziyi ectothermic, I amniote, izilwane eziphefumula umoya ezinomzimba omude we Iike ombozwe amazenga ahlangene, futhi zihamba zisebenzisa noma yi waliding, i rectinear, i concertina, i sidewinding noma i slide pushing locomotions, nezinye izinhlobo ze arboreal ngisho nezikwazi ukundiza okufushane ngokukhumeza Izimbambo ukuze ziphakame. Izinyoka zinamagebhezi anezithambo ezimbalwa kakhulu kanye namalunga amaningi ahamba kakhulu (okungukuthi i cranial kinesis) kunezihlobo zazo zezibankwa, okuzenza zikwazi ukwelula kakhulu [[umlomo]] futhi zigwinye isisulu esikhulu kakhulu kunamakhanda azo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemizimba yazo emincane, izinso zezinyoka ezihlangene (njengezinso) zivela emaceleni, futhi eziningi zinemaphaphu elilodwa kuphela alisbenzayo. Naphezu kokuba Ama tetrapod avela kwi cladistic prospective, izinyoka azinazo izitho ngokuphelele, yize ama pythons nama boids egcina ibhande le pelvic eliyinsalela. Ezinye izibankwa nazo ziye zaziveza ngokuzimela umzimba omude onjengenyoka ongenayo imilenze noma onemilenze encishisiwe kakhulu okungenani izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuholela ezinhlotsheni eziningi Izibankwa ezingenamilenze, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW |date=January 2006 |title=Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? Repeated evolution of snakelike body form in squamate reptiles |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13623/files/PAL_E653.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=123–41 |bibcode=2006Evolu..60..123W |doi=10.1554/05-328.1 |pmid=16568638 |s2cid=17688691 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043249/https://doc.rero.ch/record/13623/files/PAL_E653.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=21 January 2023}}</ref> ezinezinzwane zamehlo, izindlebe zangaphandle kanye nolimi olunenyama olungenayo imilenzi izinyoka, yize lo mthetho ungekho emhlabeni wonke. Izinyoka zivame ukuhlala emhlabeni futhi zisakazeke kabanzi, futhi izinhlobo ekhona zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe [[I-Antatika|Antarctica]], futhi eziqhingini eziningi ngaphandle kwe Ireland, [[I-Ayisilandi|i Iceland]], IGreenland Iziqhingi zaseNew Zealand, kanye neziqhingi eziningi ezincane ze Atlantic ne Central Pacific Ocean.<ref name="Bauchot">{{Cite book |year=1994 |title=Snakes: A Natural History |url=https://archive.org/details/snakesnaturalhis0000bauc/page/220 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |isbn=978-1-4027-3181-5 |editor-last=Bauchot |editor-first=Roland |location=New York |page=220 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ase-aquatic afana izinyoka zasolwandle asakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda zase Indo Pacific, kuyilapho izinyoka zasemanzini zitholakala emhlabeni wonke. [[Umndeni (kumchazampilo)|imindeni]] engaba ngu 30 iyaqashelwa njengamanje, ihlanganisa [[Umqhinqo|izinhlobo]] ezingaba ngu 520 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-4,170.<ref name="NRDB-Cs">{{Cite web|title=Search results for Higher taxa: snake|url=https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=snake&submit=Search|accessdate=7 February 2025|website=The Reptile Database|publisher=Hamburg Museum of Zoology}}</ref> Zihluka ngobukhulu kusuka ku Barbados threadsnake encane, engamasentimitha angu 10.4 ubude (amain-4,1) <ref name="zootaxa">{{Cite journal |last=Hedges |first=S. Blair |name-list-style=vanc |date=4 August 2008 |title=At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01841p030.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Zootaxa]] |volume=1841 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1841.1.1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813023833/http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01841p030.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2008 |access-date=4 August 2008 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuya ku-i-reticulated python efinyelela ku-6.95 ubude.<ref name="SunBear">{{Cite journal |last=Fredriksson |first=G. M. |year=2005 |title=Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo |url=http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117 |url-status=live |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=165–168 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709001708/http://dare.uva.nl/document/161117 |archive-date=9 July 2014}}</ref> Izinhlobo zezinsalela ze-''I-Titanoboa cerrejonensis'' zazingaba amamitha angu-12.8 (42 ubude.<ref name="head">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Head JJ, Bloch JI, Hastings AK, Bourque JR, Cadena EA, Herrera FA, Polly PD, Jaramillo CA |date=February 2009 |title=Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past equatorial temperatures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-02-05_457_7230/page/715 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=457 |issue=7230 |pages=715–7 |bibcode=2009Natur.457..715H |doi=10.1038/nature07671 |pmid=19194448 |s2cid=4381423}}</ref> Izinyoka kucatshangwa ukuthi zavela kubhazimula noma izibankwa zasemanzini, mhlawumbe ngenkathi yeJurassic, nezinsalela zokuqala ezaziwayo phakathi kuka-143 no-167 Ma edlule.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Perkins|first=Sid|date=27 January 2015|title=Fossils of oldest known snakes unearthed|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130043614/http://news.sciencemag.org/paleontology/2015/01/fossils-oldest-known-snakes-unearthed|archive-date=30 January 2015|accessdate=29 January 2015|website=news.sciencemag.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Caldwell MW, Nydam RL, Palci A, Apesteguía S |date=January 2015 |title=The oldest known snakes from the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous provide insights on snake evolution |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |volume=6 |article-number=5996 |bibcode=2015NatCo...6.5996C |doi=10.1038/ncomms6996 |hdl=11336/37995 |pmid=25625704 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <span cx-link="" data-linkid="76" href="./Mega-annum" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mega-annum">Mina" typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>Ukuhlukahluka kwezinyoka zanamuhla kwavela ngenkathi I-Paleocene (c. 66 kuya ku-56 Ma edlule, ngemuva kwesenzakalo sokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene). &nbsp;&nbsp;Izincazelo ezindala kakhulu ezilondoloziwe zezinyoka zingatholakala ku-I-Brooklyn Papyrus. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka azinabo Ubuthi, futhi izinhlobo zezinyoka ezinobuthi zisebenzisa ubuthi bazo ngokuyinhloko ukukhubaza nokubulala izisulu kunokuba zizivikele. Ubuthi be-snake buhanjiswa ngesikhathi ukuluma ngamazinyo anezimbobo / anezimbotshana futhi buqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zobuthi obuhlanganisa ama-neurotoxins, ama-hemotoxins. Izinyoka ezingenabo ubuthi zivame ukunqoba isisulu ngokufinyela ngaphambi kokugwinya isisulu siphila noma ukubulala ngokuziklinya ngaphambi kokugwinya sonke. Lapho zivalelwe, izinyoka zivame ukudliwa izisulu ezibulewe ngaphambili ngoba Ukudla okuphilayo njeng[[Iziququdi|amagundane]] kungalwa futhi kulimaze izinyoka ngesikhathi sokudla. <references /> === Families === {|class="wikitable" |- | colspan="100%" style="text-align:center; background:#bbf;"|Uhlelophansi '''[[Izintacaqobo]] (Alethinophidia)''' imindeni engama-25 |- ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|UmNdeni ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Umbhali ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Uzalo ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Umqhinqa ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Igama ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Indawo yokuhlala<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref> |- |[[Ezinezinkumpa]] ''(Acrochordidae)'' |Charles Lucien Bonaparte, 1831 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 |Wart snakes |style="width:40%"|Western India and Sri Lanka through tropical Southeast Asia to the Philippines, south through the Indonesian/Malaysian island group to Timor, east through New Guinea to the northern coast of Australia to [[Mussau Island]], the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] and [[Guadalcanal Island]] in the Solomon Islands. |- |[[Ezigwemilanga]] (Aniliidae) |[[Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1907 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 |False coral snake |Tropical South America. |- |[[Ezifukuzayo]] (Anomochilidae) |Cundall, Wallach, 1993 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|3 |Dwarf pipe snakes |West Malaysia and on the Indonesian island of [[Sumatra]]. |- |[[Ezimnyonyovu]] (Atractaspididae) |[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1858 | style="text-align:center;"|12 | style="text-align:center;"|72 |Burrowing asps |Africa and the Middle East |- |[[Boidae]] |[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1825 | style="text-align:center;"|14 | style="text-align:center;"|61 |Boas |Northern, Central and South America, the Caribbean, southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, Northern, Central and East Africa, Madagascar and [[Reunion Island]], the Arabian Peninsula, Central and southwestern Asia, India and Sri Lanka, the [[Maluku Islands|Moluccas]] and New Guinea through to Melanesia and Samoa. |- |[[Bolyeriidae]] |[[Robert Hoffstetter|Hoffstetter]], 1946 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|2 |Splitjaw snakes |[[Mauritius]]. |- |[[Colubridae]] |[[Nicolaus Michael Oppel|Oppel]], 1811 | style="text-align:center;"|258<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> | style="text-align:center;"|2055<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> |Typical snakes |Widespread on all continents, except Antarctica.<ref name="Spa04">{{cite book |last1=Spawls |first1=S. |last2=Howell |first2=K. |last3=Drewes |first3=R. |last4=Ashe |first4=J. |date=2004 |title=A Field Guide To The Reptiles Of East Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetorept0000unse_h2p5 |location=London |publisher=A & C Black Publishers Ltd |isbn=0-7136-6817-2}}</ref> |- |[[Cyclocoridae]] |[[Jeffrey L.Weinell|Weinell]] & [[Rafe M.Brown|Brown]], 2017 | style="text-align:center;"|5 | style="text-align:center;"|8 |Cyclocorids |The Philippines |- |[[Cylindrophiidae]] |[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|14 |Asian pipe snakes |Sri Lanka east through Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and the Malay Archipelago to as far east as [[Aru Islands Regency|Aru Islands]] off the southwestern coast of New Guinea. Also found in southern China (Fujian, Hong Kong and on Hainan Island) and in Laos. |- |[[Elapidae]] |[[Friedrich Boie|Boie]], 1827 | style="text-align:center;"|55 | style="text-align:center;"|389 |Elapids |On land, worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, except in Europe. Sea snakes occur in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.<ref name="NRDB-E">{{NRDB family |page=elapidae.php |family=Elapidae |date=3 December 2008}}</ref> |- |[[Homalopsidae]] |[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1845 | style="text-align:center;"|28 | style="text-align:center;"|53 |Homalopsids |Southeastern Asia and northern Australia. |- |[[Lamprophiidae]] |[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843 | style="text-align:center;"|16 | style="text-align:center;"|89 |Lamprophiids (formerly included Atracaspididae, Psammophiidae, and several other families) |Africa (including the Seychelles) |- |[[Loxocemidae]] |[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1861 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 |Mexican burrowing snake |Along the Pacific versant from Mexico south to Costa Rica. |- |[[Micrelapidae]] |[[Sunandan Das|Das]] ''et al''., 2023 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|4 |Two-headed snakes |Eastern Africa and the Levant |- |[[Pareidae]] |Romer, 1956 | style="text-align:center;"|3 | style="text-align:center;"|20 |Snail-eating snakes |Southeast Asia and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and their surrounding smaller islands). |- |[[Prosymnidae]] |Kelly, Barker, Villet & Broadley, 2009 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|16 |Shovel-snout snakes |Subsaharan Africa |- |[[Psammodynastidae]] |Das ''et al''., 2024 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 |Mock vipers |Tropical Asia |- |[[Psammophiidae]] |[[Monique Bourgeois|Bourgeois]], 1968 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|55 |Psammophiids |Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and southern Europe |- |[[Pseudaspididae]] |[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1893 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | Pseudaspidids |Subsaharan Africa |- |[[Pseudoxyrhophiidae]] |[[Herndon G. Dowling|Dowling]], 1975 | style="text-align:center;"|22 | style="text-align:center;"|89 | Pseudoxyrhophiids |Mostly Madagascar and the Comoros; 5 species in subsaharan Africa, 1 in Socotra |- |[[Pythonidae]] |[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1826 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|40 |Pythons |Subsaharan Africa, India, Myanmar, southern China, Southeast Asia and from the Philippines southeast through Indonesia to New Guinea and Australia. |- |[[Tropidophiidae]] |[[L.D. Brongersma|Brongersma]], 1951 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|34 |Dwarf boas |West Indies; also Panama and northwestern South America, as well as in northwestern and southeastern Brazil. |- |[[Uropeltidae]] |[[Johannes Peter Müller|Müller]], 1832 | style="text-align:center;"|8 | style="text-align:center;"|55 |Shield-tailed snakes |Southern India and Sri Lanka. |- |[[Viperidae]] |[[Nicolaus Michael Oppel|Oppel]], 1811 | style="text-align:center;"|35 | style="text-align:center;"|341 |Vipers |The Americas, Africa, and Eurasia east to [[Wallace Line|Wallace's Line]]. |- |[[Xenodermidae]] |[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1900 | style="text-align:center;"|6 | style="text-align:center;"|18 |Dragon and odd-scaled snakes |East Asia, Southern and southeastern Asia, and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and their surrounding smaller islands). |- |[[Xenopeltidae]] |[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1845 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 |Sunbeam snakes |Southeast Asia from the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] and [[Nicobar Islands]], east through Myanmar to southern China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula and the East Indies to [[Sulawesi]], as well as the Philippines. |- |[[Xenophidiidae]] |Wallach & Günther, 1998 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|2 |Spine-jawed snakes |Borneo and peninsular Malaysia. |} <br /> {|class="wikitable" |- | colspan="100%" style="text-align:center; background:#bbf;"|Infraorder '''[[Scolecophidia]]''' 5 families |- ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Family<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Taxon author<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Genera<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Species<ref name="NRDB-Cs"/> ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Common name ! style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/> |- |[[Anomalepidae]] |[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1939 | style="text-align:center;"|4 | style="text-align:center;"|18 |Primitive blind snakes |style="width:40%"|From southern Central America to northwestern South America. Disjunct populations in northeastern and southeastern South America. |- |[[Gerrhopilidae]] |style="width:15%"|Vidal, Wynn, Donnellan and Hedges 2010 | style="text-align:center;"|2 | style="text-align:center;"|18 |Indo-Malayan blindsnakes |Southern and southeastern Asia, including Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and New Guinea. |- |[[Leptotyphlopidae]] |[[Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1892 | style="text-align:center;"|13 | style="text-align:center;"|139 |Slender blind snakes |Africa, western Asia from Turkey to northwestern India, on [[Socotra Island]], from the southwestern United States south through Mexico and Central to South America, though not in the high [[Andes]]. In Pacific South America they occur as far south as southern coastal Peru, and on the Atlantic side as far as Uruguay and Argentina. In the Caribbean they are found on the Bahamas, [[Hispaniola]] and the [[Lesser Antilles]]. |- |[[Typhlopidae]] |[[Blasius Merrem|Merrem]], 1820 | style="text-align:center;"|18 | style="text-align:center;"|266 |Typical blind snakes |Most tropical and many subtropical regions around the world, particularly in Africa, Madagascar, Asia, islands in the Pacific, tropical America and in southeastern Europe. |- |[[Xenotyphlopidae]] |Vidal, Vences, Branch and Hedges 2010 | style="text-align:center;"|1 | style="text-align:center;"|1 |Round-nosed blindsnake |Northern Madagascar. |} ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Izilwane]] [[Category:Izinyoka]] iohcaaasvlw919dnz6ypelt6ejb0e89 0 35062 129212 127679 2026-09-19T18:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Paragus haemorrhous, Great Orme's Head, North Wales, June 2016 2 - Flickr - janetgraham84.jpg|image_caption=|image2=EuropäischenZweiflügeligen1790TafLXXII.jpg|image2_caption=Original figures in Meigen's ''Europäischen Zweiflügeligen''|genus=Paragus|parent=Paragus (Pandasyophthalmus)|species=haemorrhous|authority=[[Johann Wilhelm Meigen|Meigen]], 1822|synonyms=* ''Paragus auricaudatus'' <small>Bigot, 1884</small> * ''Paragus coreanus'' <small>Shiraki, 1930</small> * ''Paragus dimidiatus'' <small>Loew, 1863</small> * ''Paragus femoratus'' <small>Walker, 1851</small> * ''Paragus haemorrhous'' <small>Meigen, 1822</small> * ''Paragus obscurus'' <small>Walker, 1851</small> * ''Paragus ogasawarae'' <small>Matsumura, 1916</small> * ''Paragus pallipes'' <small>Matsumura, 1916</small> * ''Paragus sigillatus'' <small>Curtis, 1836</small> * ''Paragus substitutus'' <small>Loew, 1858</small> * ''Paragus tamagawanus'' <small>Matsumura, 1916</small> * ''Paragus trianguliferus'' <small>Zetterstedt, 1838</small>}} I-Paragus haemorrhous eyaziwa nge-black-backed grass skimmer iwuhlobo lwe hoverfly oluvamile nolutholakala kabanzi ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Europe, e-[[IAfrika|I-Afrika]] naseNearctic. Ama-hoverflies angahlala emoyeni cishe enganyakazi lapho endiza. Izimpukane esezikhulile zaziwa nangokuthi izimpukane zezimbali ngoba zivame ukutholakala ezimbalini lapho zithola khona umpe onikeza amandla kanye nempova ecebe ngamaprotheni. Izibungu ziyizilwane ezidla ama-aphid.<ref name="Stubbs">{{Cite book |last=Stubbs |first=Alan E. |year=1983 |title=British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide |last2=Falk, Steven J |publisher=[[British Entomological and Natural History Society]] |isbn=1-899935-03-7 |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=253, xvpp}}</ref><ref name="atlas">{{Cite book |last=Ball |first=S.G. |year=2000 |title=Provisional Atlas of British Hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) |last2=Morris, R.K.A. |publisher=Biological Record Centre |isbn=1-870393-54-6 |location=Monks Wood, UK |at=167 pages}}</ref> == Incazelo == Ukuze uthole amagama Isihluthulelo se-Speight to genres kanye nesichazamazwi esixhumene nezithombe ezingokwemvelo[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/311434-Paragus-haemorrhous Isixhumanisi sangaphandle nezithombe ezingokwemvelo] ; Ubukhulu {{Convert|4.3-5.9|mm|in|2}} ; Ikhanda Ubuso bubaphuzi, buvele ngendlela emaphakathi, bunomugqa omnyama phakathi nendawo kubo bobubili ubulili (kwesiduna nesikhanywana). Ilungu lesithathu lophondo lokuzwa (antenna) libomvana ngokufiphele ngaphansi. Amehlo anezoya ngokulinganayo.." ; Isifuba I-scutellum imnyama ngokuphelele. ; Isisu Ingxenye 1 imnyama futhi ikhule kahle. Ingxenye 2 imnyama noma inengxenye engemuva ebomvu. Izingxenye 3 kuya ku-5 zivame ukuba bomvu-olintshi ngokuphelele kuya kobomvu omnyama emadodeni. I-lobe engenhla ihlukahluka ngokuma nangobukhulu, nge-apex ecishe inqanyulwe ibe yi-oblique eqinile, futhi inobude obuphindwe kanye kuya kwebili kune-surstylus. ; Amaphiko Amaphiko ane-hyaline enesiqu esiphuzi. ; Imilenze Imilenze iphuzi futhi iphuzi ngokunsundu. Ingxenye ye-basal ye-female femora imnyama. I-tibia yangemuva ivame ukuba nengxenye ephezulu ephuzi-olintshi. Izinsikazi azitholakali. Bheka izikhombo ukuzimisela<ref>Bei-Bienko, G.Y. & Steyskal, G.C. (1988). ''Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR'', Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Part I. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-205-0080-6}}.</ref>. == Ukusabalalisa == I-Palearctic: I-Fennoscandia eningizimu kuya e-I-Iberia naseMediterranean basin, i-Israel neTurkey, i-Ireland ngasempumalanga idlula eYurophu Ephakathi naseNingizimu Yurophu (i-Italy, eyayiyiYugoslavia) idlulela eRussia yaseYurophu. I-Nearctic: kusuka e-Yukon eningizimu kuya eCosta Rica futhi ezingxenyeni zesifunda sase-Afrotropical.<ref name="Vockeroth">{{Cite book |last=Vockeroth |first=J.R. |year=1992 |title=The Flower Flies of the Subfamily Syrphinae of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part 18. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/flowerfliesofsub0000vock |publisher=Canadian Government Pub Centre |isbn=0-660-13830-1 |location=Ottawa, Ontario |pages=[https://archive.org/details/flowerfliesofsub0000vock/page/n2 1]–456}}</ref> [[File:BoardwalkAlvor_(40).JPG|left|thumb|230x230px|Indawo yokuhlala: I-Portugal]] == Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo == Indawo yokuhlala: Utshani obungathuthukisiwe, i-heathland, i-garrigue, i-dune grassland, izindawo ezivulekile kanye nemigwaqo ehlathini kuze kufike endaweni ye-''I-Larix''/''I-Pinus uncinata'', i-fen meadow.<ref name="Speight">{{Cite journal |last=Speight |first=M.C.D. |year=2011 |title=Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera) |url=https://www.diptera.info/downloads/StN_Species_Accounts_Glasgow_2011.pdf |journal=Syrph the Net, the Database of European Syrphidae |volume=65 |pages=285pp}}</ref> Izimbali ezivakashelwe zihlanganisa ama-umbellifers, i-''ICalluna'', i-''UJasione Montana'', ''I-Matricaria'', ''I-Origanum'', i-Polygonum, i i-Potentilla, ''I-Solidago'', i-''I-Stellaria''. Indiza ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptember. Isibungu sidla ama-aphid ezitshalweni ezincane ezinotshani. == Izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana == [[File:Black-backed_Grass_Skimmer.jpg|thumb|I-Grass Skimmer enomhlane omnyama]] "Njengoba "kusekelwe kokubili ebufakazini be-morphological ne-molecular", i-Paragus haemorrhous Meigen 1822, i-''I-Paragus coadunatus'' (Rondani, 1847) ne-''I-Paragus ascoensis'' Goeldlin de Tiefenau & Lucas, 1981 zibonakala zifana ne-''I-Paragus tibialis'' (Fallén, 1817) ". Rojo et al. (2006). == Izinkomba == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} * [https://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=31514 Izithombe zangaphandle] {{Taxonbar|from=Q2746286}} 2hswvf1gjoabrqxpl9987b88fujx37f 0 35076 129210 128478 2026-09-19T17:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[UbuKristu]] buyinkolo ehlanganiswa ngokuyinkimbinkimbi umlando nokwakhiwa komphakathi waseNtshonalanga. Kuwo wonke umlando wabo, [[ISonto lamaKatholika|ISonto LamaKatolika]] belilokhu liwumthombo omkhulu wezinkonzo zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokufunda nokunakekelwa kweziguli. UbuKristu buphinde baba nomthelela omkhulu kwezobuciko, isiko ifilosofi kanye nendlela abantu abaqonda ngayo umhlaba. Ngezindlela ezahlukene, ubuKristu buye baba nomthelela ekwakhweni izimo zengqondo nasemasikweni aseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi ngokugxila ekubalulekeni kobuhle, ukuziphatha okuhle kaye nokuhlonipha umuntu. Imikhosi efana ne-[[IPhasika|I-Easter]] [[UKhisimusi|noKhisimusi]] ibalulekile ekhalendeni lobuKristu futhi igujwa kabanzi emiphakathini eminingi. Ikhalenda likaGregory liye lamukelwa emhlabeni wonke njengekhalenda lomphakathi; futhi ikhalenda ngokwalo lilinganiselwa ngokulinganisa usuku lokuzalwa kukaJesu. Ithonya lesiko leSonto liye laba likhulu. Izazi zesonto zalondoloza [[Ikhonombhalo|ukufunda nokubhala]] ENtshonalanga Yurophu ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma WaseNtshonalanga.<ref name="Oxford University Press">{{Cite book |date=2011 |title=Science and Religion Around the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6HPW1TodZwC&pg=PA71 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-195-32819-6 |editor-last=Brooke |editor-first=John H. |location=New York |pages=71 |editor-last2=Numbers |editor-first2=Ronald L.}}</ref> Phakathi Inkathi Ephakathi, iSonto lavela esikhundleni UMbuso WaseRoma njengamandla ahlanganisayo eYurophu futhi lidunyiswa ngokuhlakaza izinxanxathela zobuhlobo bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henrich |first=Joseph Patrick |date=2020 |title=[[The WEIRDest People in the World]]: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=978-0-374-17322-7 |edition=First |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weirdestpeoplein0000henr/page/57 57] |quote=...{{nbsp}}the medieval Catholic Church inadvertently altered people's psychology by promoting a peculiar set of prohibitions and prescriptions about marriage and the family that dissolved the densely interconnected clans and kindreds in western Europe into small, weak and disparate nuclear families. The social and psychological shifts induced by this transformation fueled the proliferation of voluntary associations, including guilds, charter towns, and universities, drove the expansion of impersonal markets, and spurred the rapid growth of cities. By the High Middle Ages, catalyzed by these ongoing changes, WEIRDer ways of thinking, reasoning, and feeling propelled the emergence of novel forms of law, government, and religion while accelerating innovation and the emergence of Western science.}}</ref> Amasonto angenkathi ephakathi ahlala phakathi kwezenzo zokwakha ezivelele kakhulu ezakhiwa Impucuko yaseNtshonalanga. Amanyuvesi amaningi aseYurophu nawo asungulwa isonto ngaleso sikhathi. Izazi-mlando eziningi zithi amanyuvesi nezikole zamasonto kwakuwukuqhubeka kwesithakazelo sokufunda esikhuthazwa yizigodlo zezindela. Inyuvesi ngokuvamile ibhekwa<ref>Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: ''A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages'', Cambridge University Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-521-36105-2}}, pp. XIX–XX</ref><ref name="Verger">{{Cite journal |last=Verger |first=Jacques |date=13 July 2009 |title=Parisian Scholars in the Early Fourteenth Century |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-review/article/parisian-scholars-in-the-early-fourteenth-centurycourtenay-william-jcambridge-university-press-cambridge-1999-285-pages-4000-hardback-isbn-0521642124/B9C91F113903305984005C01FC058CE5 |journal=European Review |publisher=Cambridge Core |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=268–269 |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref> njengesikhungo esivela esimweni sobuKristu beNkathi Ephakathi, esivela ezikoleni zeCathedral.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haskins |first=Charles H. |year=1898 |title=The Life of Medieval Students as Illustrated by their Letters |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1898-01_3_2/page/203 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=203–229 |doi=10.2307/1832500 |jstor=1832500}}</ref> Izazi eziningi nezazi-mlando zithi ubuKristu baba nengxenye ekwandeni kwe-Scientific Revolution.<ref>{{Citation|page=5, 12}}</ref><ref name="abc.net.au">{{Cite web|last=Harrison|first=Peter|date=8 May 2012|title=Christianity and the rise of western science|url=http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2012/05/08/3498202.htm|accessdate=28 August 2014|website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref> bgqpayx0j8v76huzwfgfsinre21qgt0 0 35103 129207 127877 2026-09-19T17:49:50Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salamaig.jpg|thumb]] '''Umbuso wezenhlalakahle''' uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho umbuso (noma izikhungo zomphakathi ezisungulwe kahle) zilonda futhi ziqhakambisa inhlalakahle yezomnotho neyezenhlalo yezakhamuzi zawo, ngokusekelwe emthethweni okhuthaza amathuba alinganayo, ukwabiwa komcebo ngokulinganayo, kanye nesibopho somphakathi kuzakhamuzi ezingakwazi ukuzisebenzela ukuze zithole imihlinzeko emincane yempilo enhle.<ref name="britannica">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/639266/welfare-state|title=Welfare state|encyclopedia=[[Britannica Online Encyclopedia]]|date=18 November 2023}}</ref> Kunomehluko omkhulu kuhlobo nasendleleni imibuso yenhlalakahle ehleliwe ngayo emazweni nasezifundeni zomhlaba.<ref name="Béland-2021a">{{Citation|last1=Béland|first1=Daniel|chapter=Introduction|date=2021|chapter-url=https://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780198828389-e-1|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State|pages=xxx–20|editor-last=Béland|editor-first=Daniel|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.1|isbn=978-0-19-882838-9|last2=Morgan|first2=Kimberly J.|last3=Obinger|first3=Herbert|last4=Pierson|first4=Christopher|editor2-last=Leibfried|editor2-first=Stephan|editor3-last=Morgan|editor3-first=Kimberly J.|editor4-last=Obinger|editor4-first=Herbert}}</ref> Yonke imibuso yenhlalakahle ihlanganisa izinga elithile lobambiswano lwangasese nasobala lapho ukulawulwa nokufufuthwa kwezinhlelo ezithile zezenhlalakahle kwenzeiw ngezinhlangano zangasese.<ref name="Béland-2021b">{{Citation|last1=Béland|first1=Daniel|chapter=Governance|date=2021|chapter-url=https://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780198828389-e-10|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State|pages=172–187|editor-last=Béland|editor-first=Daniel|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.10|isbn=978-0-19-882838-9|last2=Morgan|first2=Kimberly J.|editor2-last=Leibfried|editor2-first=Stephan|editor3-last=Morgan|editor3-first=Kimberly J.|editor4-last=Obinger|editor4-first=Herbert}}</ref> Izinkonzo zombuso wezenhlalakahle nazo zihlinzekwa emazingeni ahlukahlukene kahulumeni.<ref name="Béland-2021b" /> Umbuso wenhlalakahle wobuhlohlesakhe uchaziswa njengohlobo lomnotho oxubile ngomqondo wokungenelela kombuso, ngokuphambene nengxubevange yokuhlela nezindayi, njengoba ukuhlelwa kwezomnotho kwakungelona ulwangu oluyinhloko noma isigcoyi sombuso wenhlalakahle.<ref name="EPE1247">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Welfare state|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Political Economy|editor-first=Phillip Anthony|editor-last=O'Hara|publisher=Routledge|year=1999|page=1247|isbn=0-415-24187-1|quote=The welfare state emerged in the twentieth century as one institutional form of this socially protective response. In the 1930s, the responses of emerging welfare states to the Great Depression were to the immediate circumstances of massive unemployment, lost output, and collapse of the financial and trading systems. Planning was not a key element in the response to the crisis of capitalism. Instead, the character of welfare state intervention can best be described as an 'interventionist drift', reflecting the spontaneous, uncoordinated reactions of the protective response.}}</ref> Izici zokuqala, ezifana nempesheni yomphakathi kanye nomshuwalense wezenhlalo, zathuthuka kusukela ngowe-1880 kuqhubeke emazweni aseNtshonalanga aphehla izimboni.<ref name="Skocpol-1992">{{Cite book |last=Skocpol |first=Theda |date=1992 |title=Protecting Soldiers and Mothers |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674717664 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-71766-4 |language=en |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Béland-2021a">{{Citation|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State|page=xxx–20|editor-last=Béland|editor-first=Daniel|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-882838-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koehler-Derrick |first=Gabriel |last2=Lee |first2=Melissa M. |date=2023 |title=War and Welfare in Colonial Algeria |journal=International Organization |language=en |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=263–293 |doi=10.1017/S0020818322000376 |issn=0020-8183 |s2cid=256724058 |doi-access=free}}</ref> IMpi Yomhlaba yokuqala, Ukufadalala Okukhulu, neMpi Yomhlaba yesibili kuye kwachazwa njengezenzakalo ezibalulekile ezaletha ukwanda kombuso wenhlalakahle.<ref name="Skocpol-1992" /><ref name="WF EPE2">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1999|title=Welfare state|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Political Economy|publisher=Routledge|editor-last=O'Hara|editor-first=Phillip Anthony|page=1247|isbn=978-0-415-24187-8|quote=The welfare state emerged in the twentieth century as one institutional form of this socially protective response. In the 1930s, the responses of emerging welfare states to the Great Depression were to the immediate circumstances of massive unemployment, lost output, and collapse of the financial and trading systems. Planning was not a key element in the response to the crisis of capitalism. Instead the character of welfare state intervention can best be described as an 'interventionist drift', reflecting the spontaneous, uncoordinated reactions of the protective response...By the late 1970s, the welfare state and the capitalist economic structure in which it was placed were in a general state of crisis. There had never been a well articulated vision or ideological foundation of the welfare state.}}</ref> Izinhlobo eziphelele zombuso wenhlalakahle zathuthukiswa ngemuva kweMpi Yomhlaba yesibili. == Izinhlobo == Ngokwenkulumo ebanzi, imibuso yezenhlakahle ivame ukuba '''imvamela''', enemihlinzeko kawonkewonke, noma '''ekhethayo''', enemihlinzeko yalabo ababhekwa njengabaswele kakhulu. Encwadini yakhe yonyala we-1990 ethi, ''Amazwe Amathathu Obuhlohlesakhe Benhlalakahle'' (''The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism''), umchazinhalo ongumDanish uGøsta Esping-Andersen wahlonza izinhlobo ezintathu eziyizinongo zombuso wenhlakalakahle: olobukhululeki (''liberal''), olocosulelwano ''(social-democratic)'', nolomyamuva ''(conservative)''. * '''Imibuso yenhlalakahle yobukhululeki''' iphawuleka ngokuswela umvivo wesigaba sabasenzi esiqinile nokungabikhona komlando wezwi lenkosi kwezombusazwe. Lezi zimiso ngokuyinhloko zincika kwizinzuzo zesivivinyo sokufaneleka, zihlinzeke ngomshwalense wezenhlalo mmncane kuyilapho ziqhakambisa imihlinzeko yenhlalahle yangasese. Isib. iMelika, iKhanada ne-Ostreliya. * '''Imibuso yenhlalakahle yomyamuva''' ithonywe yinkambiso yomyamuva wamaKhatholika futhi inomlando wezwi lenkosi kwezombusazwe. Ibeka phambili amasongozo omshwalense wenhlalo ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zesivivinyo sokufaneleka, kodwa zinesamikezo zemalingenoso esincane. Isb. Italiya, iFulansi neJalimani. * '''Imibuso yenhlalakahle yocosulelwano''' ihlukaniseka ngokuhlabganyrla kwesigaba sabasenzi olukhulu kwezokubusa kanye nokuba khona kwamaqembu wenhlalo-mbusosobala anethonya. Lemibuso igununda izinqubomgomo yenhlalakahle ezingilozayo ezigcizelela ukwabiwa kwemalingeniso ezifaka namaqhingasu endayi yabasebenzi ukuze zeseke abangasebenzi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Burden|first=Tom|title=Social policy and welfare: a clear guide|url=https://archive.org/details/socialpolicywelf0000burd|date=1998|publisher=Pluto|isbn=978-0-7453-0965-1|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/socialpolicywelf0000burd/page/6 6]}}</ref> ==Amaphatho== bfxklo0jtmte37yafkbhphli2jdishg 0 35111 129208 127965 2026-09-19T17:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Women in society sidebar}} Ngokuphathelene '''nabesifazane eNingizimu Afrika,''' kucatshangwa ukuthi amaqembu ezinhlanga eziningi eNingizimu Afrika anezinkolelo zesikhathi eside mayelana nezindima zobulili, futhi eziningi zisekelwe esiphakamisweni esithi babaluleke kancane, noma abafanelwe amandla, kunamadoda. Abanye babheka izinhlangano zomphakathi zendabuko zase-Afrika njengezigxile kwabesilisa futhi zichachazwa abesilisa. Omunye umdwebo ovamile wezinkolelo zenkolo zamabhunu ugcizelela inkolelo eqinile, esekelwe eBhayibhelini yokuthi iminikelo yabesifazane emphakathini kufanele ivunyelwe, noma yenziwe egameni lamadoda. Kukhona nezinkulumo ezithi ukucwasa ngokobulili kwanamuhla nobuKristu kwalethwa ezweni manje okuyiNingizimu Afrika okhokho bamabhunu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harrison |first=Phillip |year=2004 |title=South Africa's Top Sites: Spiritual |publisher=New Africa Books |isbn=978-0-86486-564-9 |pages=11–16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mosimann-Barbier |first=Marie-Claude |year=2014 |title=From Béarn to Southern Africa or The Amazing Destiny of Eugène Casalis |publisher=Cambridge Scholars |isbn=978-1-4438-6081-9 |pages=10–12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Magubane |first=Zine |year=2003 |title=Bringing the Empire Home: Race, Class, and Gender in Britain and Colonial South Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/bringingempireho0000magu |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226501772}}</ref> Intuthuko yezomnotho nezombusazwe yekhulu lama-20 yanikeza abesifazane baseNingizimu Afrika kokubili izingqinamba ezintsha namathuba amasha okusebenzisa ithonya. Ngokwesibonelo, izidingo zezisebenzi ezidlaveleni nasezindaweni zezimayini zivame ukudonsa amadoda aphume emakhaya awo izinyanga eziningi ngesikhathi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane baye baba nezibopho eziningi okungezabesilisa ngokwenkambo emizini nasekhaya. Abesifazane kuye kwadingeka baqinisekise ukusinda kwansuku zonke kwemindeni yabo kanye nokuthengiselana ngezimali nokungokomthetho okwakuvame ukwenziwa abesilisa. ==Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane eNingizimu Afrika== Abesifazane base [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu]] Afrika babhekene nobubha olukhulu lapho amanani okuhlukumezeka ngokwemizwa namagama angu- 50%, abahlukumezeka ngokomzimba kubalela kumanani angu- 62.3% lapho kubalwa ukubulawa kanye nokushaywa. Baningi abesifazane abahlukumezekayo bese bengabiki amacala okuhlukumezeka kwimgalo yomthetho ngenxa yokwesaba abahlukumezi babo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.dsti.gov.za/index.php/media-room/latest-news/4495-new-report-highlights-the-stark-reality-of-gender-based-violence-in-south-africa |access-date=2025-11-14 |archive-date=2026-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260609121300/https://www.dsti.gov.za/index.php/media-room/latest-news/4495-new-report-highlights-the-stark-reality-of-gender-based-violence-in-south-africa |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Bruise Hematoma from abuse of spouse.jpg|thumb|330x330px|owesifazane oshaywe umnyeni wakhe]] Abesifazane bahlukunyezwa abathandiweyo babo yingakho abanye babo behluleka ukubika lamacala noma ukuphuma kulobu budlelwano. Imbangela yokuhlukumezeka kwabesifazane ukungalingani kwezomnotho, ukuntuleka, ukukhungathenga kobudoda, [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/alcohol#:~:text=Alcohol%20is%20a%20distilled%20or,in%20solvents%20and%20car%20fuel. utshwala] [https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/alcohol#:~:text=Alcohol%20is%20a%20distilled%20or,in%20solvents%20and%20car%20fuel nezibhamu]. Emphakathini wezakhamuzi zakuleli amadoda avame ngokuthi anamandla ngokunangenambandela ngakho-ke umenzi wobudlova uzibona enamandla emndenini bese edala udlame ikakhulukazi uma edle amanzi ampomjwana. Isiyalo sobulili sibuye sibe imbangela yodlame lapho abesifazane bedlwengulwa amaqoqo amadoda.<ref>https://kvinnatillkvinna.org/about-us/what-we-do/gbv/</ref> ==Amaphatho== t01v7zx30e47omp5x557b4hns2dyfo2 0 35153 129213 128273 2026-09-19T18:03:56Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tradition_en_République_du_Congo_02.jpg|thumb|Imvunulo yomdabu eyingxenye yinkambiso yaseKhongo]] '''Inkambiso''' (noma '''umdabuko''') iwuhlelo [[Inkolelo|lwezinkolelo]] noma ukuziphatha (isiko lomdabu) efundiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu labantu noma umphakathi enomqondo ongokomfanekiso noma ukubaluleka okukhethekile okusukela emandulo.<ref name="Green1997">{{Cite book |last=Thomas A. Green |year=1997 |title=Folklore: an encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, music, or art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7Wfhws3dFAC&pg=PA800 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-986-1 |page=800}}</ref> Isigcoyi zokuvezwa kwesiko nezinganekwane, sinezibonelo ezivamile ezihlanganisa [[Umvalo|imivalo]] (imikhosi) noma izingubo ezingagqokwa njalo kodwa ezibalulekile emphakathini (njengebheshu noma ungiyane), kodwa lo mbono uphinde usebenze lapho kukhulunywa ngenjwayelo yezenhlalo [[Ukuziphatha|nokuziphatha]] okunjengokubingelela. Izinkambiso zingaphikelela futhi ziguquke phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Igama elithi ''inkambiso'' ngokwalo livela egameni eliyisenzo sesiZulu esithi hambisa ngokwezwi nezwi esisho 'ukwenza okuthile kuhambe, kugobhoze kuqhubeke ngendlela ethile'. Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi izinkambiso zinomlando wasendulo, izinkambiso eziningi zasungulwa ngebomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elombusazwe noma elingokwesiko, ezinkarhini ezimfushane zesikhathi. Uqeqesho oluhlukahlukene lakwangqondonkulu nalo lusebenzisa leli gama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inkulumo ethi "ngokwenkambiso" noma "ngokwesiko" ngokuvamile isho ukuthi lokho okulandelayo kwadluliswa ngomlomo futhi akunasisekelo (futhi kungase kuphikiswe) nobufakazi obuqinile. Lapha, elithi "inkambiso" lichaza umthombo noma isimo sokwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Ngokwenkambiso, uMvelinqangi wavela kuqala, kodwa konke okunye kwadala nguye. Iveza ukuthi lenkambiso akululanga ukuyiqinisekisa noma ukuyiphikisa. Esinye isibonelo sithi, "INkosi u-Arthur, ngokusho komlando, uyinkosi yeqiniso yaseBrithani, ngokomlando, wagqugquzela izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo". Ukuthi lenkulumo isekelwa ubufakazi noma cha akunciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo njengomlando ongokwesiko noma unucikomazwi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tradition Definition & Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition|website=The Britannica Dictionary|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|quote=According to tradition, the goddess lies sleeping beneath the mountain.}}</ref> Izinkambiso ziyizihlokondaba zokufunda emikhakheni eminingana yakwangwondonkulu, ikakhulukazi [[Ezoluntu|kwezoluntu]] nenzululwazi yezenhlalo, kuhlanganisa [[Umchazaluntu|nomchazaluntu]], ezemivubukulo, umlando, kanye [[Umchazanhlalo|nomchazanhlalo]]. Umqondomsuka othi inkambiso, uyisicabango sokubambelela esikhathini esedlule, uyatholakala futhi enkulumweni yezombusazwe [[Injulalwazi|nenjulalwazi]]. Ngokwesibonelo, uyisisekelo somqondo wezombusazwe womyamuva wenkambiso (''traditionalism conservativism''), kanye naahlelo ezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba kufaka phakathi ubuKhatolika obungokwenkambiso . Ezindaweni zobuciko, inkambiso isetshenziselwa ukunquma imiboniso efanele yohlobo lobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqhogoyweni kweminxa yendabuko (njengomdanso wendabuko), ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezilawula ukuthi uhlobo lobuciko kufanele luqanjwe kanjani kunindima ebaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okuthandwa ngumqhogoyi. Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela ukulahleka kwenkambiso, ezihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwezimboni, ukumbulungisa uhwebo, kanye nokuphokothelwa noma Ukucwaswa kwamaqembu amasiko athile. Ekusabeleni kulokhu, imizamo yokulondoloza inkambiso kanye nemiklamo eqaliwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlozinge ezicini ezifana [[Izilimi|nezilimi]] zendabuko. Inkambiso ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomgomo wesimanje futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinkambo, amagume, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], izinjwayelo, izimpikelelwana, iziqondiso nemibono efanayo. ==Incasiselo== [[File:Indian historical Traditional drama( In stage performance -1).jpg|thumb|Traditional dress and arts, such as in this performance of Traditional Hindi Drama -- the performance of tradition through [[folklore]], reinforces the stories and memory reinforces the concept of tradition, and its importance in local communities.]] Igama lesiZulu elithi ''inkambiso'' livela esenzweni esithi ''hambisa'', esisho indlela Izinto ezihanjiswa ngayo, zenziwe ngayo. Leyo ndlela luvame ukuba eyomdabuko, ingakho kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza elithi umdabuko noma umdabu lapho kukhulunywa ngezinkambiso. Elinye igama elihobne ngelithi inkambo (custom), noma imhbo, womabili anomsuka wegama elinomsuka wegama hambisa elithi hamba. Ukuhlobama kwalamgama kwenza asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa uluchaza inkambiso kuba ngelithi isiko, nelithi umkhuba. Isisazthu esenza lamagama asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana ukuthi amagama amaningi esiZulu awanayo incazelo noma umqondo oqondile. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa elithi inkambiso nelithi umdabuko ukukhuluma nge-tradition. Esinye isizathu esenza kusebenze amagama ahlukene ukuchaza inkambiso ukuthi kunezinto eziningi eziyingxenye yayo: ezifana nezinkolelo, amasiko enziwayo wamanje nawasendulo, konke osekuphenduke inkambiso futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuze kube namuhla. Inkambiso ingabhekisela nasezinkolelweni noma emihambweni yasendulo languna, enendabuko eseyalahleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkambiso zazidluliswa ngomlomo, singekho isidingo sokuloba phansi. Izinsiza zokwenza lokhu zazihlanfanisa izaga, izifenqo, izinganekwane, izinongo nezihayo. Zonke ziyingxenye yinkambiso yomlomo futhi zonke zaqanjwa ngabantu. Izinkambiso zivame ukuba ezasendulo, ezingaguqulwa futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kwesinye isikhathi zingeyoba into engokwemvelo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> Kuqazikelwa ukuthi kudingeka izizukulwane ezintathu zokudlulisa umkhuba, inkolelo noma into ukuze ithathwa njengengxenye yenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-15"/> Ezinye izinkambiso zasungulwa ngebomu ngesizathu esithile, ukuze kugqanyiswe ubumqoka besikhungo esithile bona Iqiniso elithile.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1]</ref> Izinkambiso zigaguqulwa ukuze zifaneleke isidingo zosuku, futhi izinguquko zingamukelwa njengengxenye yenkambiso yasendulo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA2 2–3]</ref><ref name=slang/> Inkambiso iguquka lusilili, futhi izinguquko zayo kusuka kwesinye izizukulwane kuya kwesinye zithathwa njengezibalulekile.<ref name="Shils2006-14">Shils [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-zr1Ovc5ggC&pg=PA14 14]</ref> Kanjalo, labo ababambele enkambisweni, kuyebzeka bangaqapheli ukuthi inkambiso seyiguqukile, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka yaguqulwa, kubona kusafana ayibonakali iguqukile.<ref name="Shils2006-14"/> Kukhona izisuso nemikhakha eminingi yenkambiso; futhi singasho lokhu: # izindlela zobuciko befagugu zesiko elithile.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lilburn | first = Douglas | title = A Search for Tradition | publisher = Alexander Turnbull Library Endowment Trust, assisted by the New Zealand Composers Foundation | location = Wellington | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-908702-00-0 |author-link= Douglas Lilburn}} {{Page needed|date=February 2011}}</ref> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa imiphakathi nawohulumeni efana namaculo esizwe, [[Umvalo womphakathi|nemivalo yomphakathi]].<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa ihlelo lenkolo namabdnala anomlando ofanayo, nezimfundiso ezifanayo.<ref name="WilliamsCox1992">{{cite book|author1=Michael A. Williams|author2=Collett Cox|author3=Martin S. Jaffee|title=Innovation in religious traditions: essays in the interpretation of religious change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD2hShiXNjEC&pg=PA1|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-012780-5|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Giddens2003-39"/> Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bakhuluma ngenkambiso yobukristu noma inkambiso yobusulane. [[File:Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg|left|thumb|Inkambiso ebizwa ''slametan'' ewumcikilisho owandulela ukuzila kweRamadan uhlonipha obabamkhulu neRamadama eBanyumas, e-Indonesia]] Izinto eziningi, izinkolelo nemikhuba kungaba ezenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-12"/> Imicikilisho yokwenanana ngokwenhlalo ingaba yinkambis, ukudlulisa imibongo, nokuthumela amakhadi osuku lokuzalwa nokufisela izilokotho ezinhle njll.<ref name="Shils2006-12"/><ref name="Boyer1990-8">{{cite book|author=Pascal Boyer|title=Tradition as truth and communication: a cognitive description of traditional discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7cu0joBSM8C&pg=PR8|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-37417-0|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Handler and Innekin">{{cite journal|last=Handler|first=Richard|author2=Jocelyn Innekin |title=Tradition, Genuine or Spurious|journal=Journal of American Folklore|year=1984|volume=29}}</ref> Inkambiso ingabe ihlanganise okwenziwa amaqembu amakhulu (njengokubuthana komndeni ngoKhisimuso), izinhlangano noma imiphakathi (njengezinsuku zikazwelonke nemivalo).<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> Ezinye izinlambiso ezindala zihlanganisa ubuthixomunye, ubusakhamuzi.<ref name="Shils2006-16">Shils [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-zr1Ovc5ggC&pg=PA16 16]</ref> ==Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso== Igama elithi Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso, libhekisela ezimeni lapho umkhuba omusha noma into entsha ingeniswa ngendlela eyixhumanisa nezolo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1-2">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1–2]</ref> Inkambiso ingadalwa ngebomu futhi iqhakanjiswe kuye ngezimfuno zomuntusiqu, ezentengiselwano, ezombusazwe, nomba izimfuno zesizwe, njengoba kwakunjalo eAfrika Ngenkathi yabaqoneli; noma inkambiso ingemukelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesenzakalo esiqhakanjiswe kakhulu esisodwa, kunokuba ikhule futhi isakazeke ngokwemvelo kubantu, njengokugqoka ingubo emhlophe yokushada, okwegqanyiswa iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi uVitoriya ngemuva kokuyigqoka lapho eshada nonkosana uAlbert waseSaxe-Coburg.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ingraham|first=Chrys|title=White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-95194-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0/page/60 60]–61}}</ref> Esinye isibonelo sokuqanjwa kwesiko kungaba ukwakhiwa kabusha KwesiGodlo saseWestminster]] (esihlalisa iPhalamende laseBrithani) ngokwesiko lamaGothic. Ngokufanayo, iningi lezinkambiso eziyamaniswa nobukhosi boMbuso Ohlangene, ezibonwa sengathi zingokomlando omude, zaqala ngekhulu le-19. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso eAfrika nakwezinye izondawo eziqonelwe. UTerence Ranger, encwadino ethi ''The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa'', <ref>{{cite book|author1=E. J. (Eric J.) Hobsbawm| author1-link = E. J. Hobsbawm|author2=T. O. (Terence O.) Ranger| author2-link = Terrence Ranger |title=The Invention of tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA211|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43773-8|pages=211–263|year=1992}}</ref> uthi lapho abaqoneli befuna ukubusa ngokomthetho babeqamba ''inkambiso'' abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bazenza bafanelekele isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwelana ngokobukhosi kungathiwa kuyinkambiso ngenjongo yokuvuna lowo ohambisana nabo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziqambo zazisekelwe enkambisweni ethile, Kodwa zazinehaba, zihlanekezelwe, noma zichemile nencazelo yabo. Izinkambiso eziqanjiwe ziyisogcoyi esiyonhloko samasiko ezizwe anamuhla, njengoba ziletha ukufana okuthile futhi ziqhakambisa ubunye bobuhlonzi besizwe ovugqugquzelwa ubuzwe.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-7">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA7 7]</ref> Izibonelo zihlanganisa imivalo yomphakathi (eyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe), ukuhlatshelelwa kweculo lesizwe, nezidlo zomdabu zesizwa. Abafuduki nemiphakathi yazifiki ingaqhubeka nokugcina izinkambiso zesizwe zasekhaya. ==Amaphatho== b5mrlmw06az2094u64q4odttlhxzrke 0 35162 129247 128490 2026-09-20T04:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stack|{{Infobox former country | symbol = | image_map = MapungubweHill.jpg | image_map_caption = Igquma iMapungubwe | conventional_long_name = Umbuso waseMapungubwe | common_name = | status = | government_type = [[Ubukhosi]] | year_start = c. 1220 | year_end = c. 1300 | event_start = | date_start = | event_end = Mapungubwe Hill abandoned | date_end = | event1 = | date_event1 = | event2 = | date_event2 = | event_pre = | date_pre = | event_post = <!--- Optional: A crucial event that took place before after "event_end"---> | date_post = | demonym = | title_leader = ''[[Mambo (title)|Mambo]]'' | leader1 = Shiriyadenga (according to some [[Venda people|Venda]] traditions) | year_leader1 = {{Circa|1220|?}} | leader2 = Tshidziwelele (according to some Venda traditions) | year_leader2 = {{Circa|?|1300|lk=off}} | area_km2 = 30,000 | area_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = Limpopo valley timeline from 900AD to 1200 AD | HDI = | HDI_year = | linking_name = Mowena | capital = [[Mapungubwe National Park|Mapungubwe Hill]] | p1 = Bambandyanalo | p2 = Leopard's Kopje | s1 = Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe | currency = | today = [[South Africa]], [[Zimbabwe]] }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape | location = [[Limpopo]], [[South Africa]] | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)}}(ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | ID = 1099bis | coordinates = | year = 2003 | extension = 2014 | area = {{convert|281.686602|km2|acre|abbr=on|0}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1048|km2|acre|abbr=on}} | pushpin_map = South Africa Limpopo#South Africa | map_caption = | embedded = }}}} '''Umbuso waseMapungubwe''' kwakuwumbuso wasendulo owawusendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iShashe neLimpopo namuhla eNingizimu Afrika, eningizimu neZimbabwe Enkulu. Inani labantu basesiqongweno lallifika kwizi-5,000 ngonyaka we-1250, futhi cishe umbuso wawuhlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele ayizi-30,000 .<ref name="Huffman-2005">{{Cite book |last=Huffman |first=Thomas |date=2005 |title=Mapungubwe: Ancient African civilisation on the Limpopo |url=https://archive.org/details/mapungubweancien0000huff/mode/2up?view=theater |publisher=Wits University Press |others= |isbn=978-1-86814-408-2}}</ref> Cishe ngonyaka we-1000 CE, abanye abantu baseKopje Leopard bathuthela ngaphesheya kweLimpopo baya eBambandyanalo lapho khona babefuyile futhi belima, belusela imihlambi emikhulu yezinkomo emidlalweni akweminye imiphakathi nokwathuthukisa ubudlelwano bezenhlalo nobezombusazwe, kuyilapho behlanganyela kuhwebo lolwandlekazi laseNdiya besebenzisa imibuso-nxuluma yamaSwahili othungulu lwaseMpumalanga Afrika. Eminyakeni eminingi, ingcebo eyandayo phakathi kwenani labantu elikhulayo yaveza ukungalingani okwakungakufanele ukuhlelwa kwendawo yeBambandyanalo. Cishe ngonyaka we-1220, phakathi nenkathi yesomiso, iqembu lezicukithwane zaseMapungubwe lathuthela esiqongweni seGquma laseMapungubwe, lalandelwa abantu abahlala ezweni elizungezile elisezansi. Amagquma ayevame ukusebenza njengezindawo zokuphehla imvula, futhi igquma laseMapungubwe laba ukuphela kwendawo enjalo; ukuhlala komholi kulo kwakubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubukhosi obungcwele. Ingcebo eningi yaqoqwa ngeminikelo, okwenziwa lula ngokuhlangana kwemifula iLimpopo-Shashe njengesikhungo sohwebo, futhi amazinyo endlovu negolide kwathelikiswa othungulu olusempumalanga. Ukulandela izenzakalo ezingaziwa nokushintsha kwemigwaqo yohwebo enyakatho cishe ngowe-1300, abantu baseMapungubwe badudukela kwenye indawo. Namuhla labantu bavame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu abangamaKalanga ([[AmaShona]]) namaVenda. Naphezu kokuba abantu bendawo benolwazi lwendawo engcwele, iMapungubwe yavubukulwa kabusha osonzlulwazi [[Umbuso waseNingizimu Afrika|bohulumeni wabaqobeli]] ngowe-1933. Inqoqelo yaseMapungubwe yamalondolondo atholakala esizeni semivubukulo igcinwe eSigcinamagugu seMapungubwe ePitoli. Isiza sitholakala Esiqiwini Sikazwelonke saseMapungubwe [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]], emngceleni [[IZimbabwe|weZimbabwe]] [[IButswana|neBotswana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mapungubwe National Park - World Heritage Site in South Africa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/mapungubwe-national-park.html|accessdate=2024-11-08|website=southafrica.co.za}}</ref> Nakuba ngokwembiso kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyisifundazwe sokuqala eAfrika esebingizimu, ukuvubukula esifundeni esifanayo eGqumeni iMapela kubonisa ubufakazi bobukhosi obungcwele cishe eminyakeni engama-200 ngaphambili.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chirikure |first=Shadreck |last2=Manyanga |first2=Munyaradzi |last3=Pollard |first3=A. Mark |last4=Bandama |first4=Foreman |last5=Mahachi |first5=Godfrey |last6=Pikirayi |first6=Innocent |date=2014-10-31 |title=Zimbabwe Culture before Mapungubwe: New Evidence from Mapela Hill, South-Western Zimbabwe |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=10 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9k1224C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0111224 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4215987 |pmid=25360782 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==uMsukagama== Igama lesiza lasendulo alaziwa, kodwa abavubukuli basebenzisa uhlelo lokwerha imivubukulo, base bekhetha elithi ''Mapungubwe'', futhi kanjalo nombuso wabizwa nalelo gama.<ref name="Chirikure-2015">{{Cite book |last1=Chirikure |first1=Shadreck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pa7CgAAQBAJ&dq=kingdom+of+mapungubwe&pg=PT6 |title=Mapungubwe Reconsidered: A Living Legacy: Exploring Beyond the Rise and Decline of the Mapungubwe State |last2=Delius |first2=Peter |last3=Esterhuysen |first3=Amanda |last4=Hall |first4=Simon |last5=Lekgoathi |first5=Sekibakiba |last6=Maulaudzi |first6=Maanda |last7=Neluvhalani |first7=Vele |last8=Ntsoane |first8=Otsile |last9=Pearce |first9=David |date=2015-10-01 |publisher=Real African Publishers Pty Ltd. |isbn=978-1-920655-06-8 |language=en}}</ref> Elithi ''Mapungubwe'' lisho ukuthi "indawo [[Impungishe|yezimpungushe]] (eziningi)". Ngokwezilimi eziningi zomdabu, elithi "-pungubwe" lisho lesi siilwane. NgesiVenda kuthiwa ''phunguwe'', ngesiPedi kuthiwa ''phukubje.<ref name="Tlou-2012">{{cite report |url=http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |title=The Kingdom of Mapungubwe: The First Urban Centre and the Capital of the First State in Southern Africa |last=Tlou |first=Setumu |publisher=Limpopo Provincial Government |year=2012 |access-date=2026-09-02 |archive-date=2025-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622113957/http://policyresearch.limpopo.gov.za/handle/123456789/535 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Umchazamhlaba == Indawo ezungeze iMapungubwe, eseduze nomfula iLimpopo, namuhla iyindawo enesomiso. Ihlanganisa amagquma esihlabathi esinamatshe, izihlabathi zogwadule iKalahari kanye ne-scrubland.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=15}} Kusuka ngowe-1000 CE kuya ku-1200 CE, le ndawo yayinemvula eningi, ikhula izimila ezazibiza izilwane eziningi ezifana nezintibane, izinkonkoni, izinyathi nezinye. Izikhukhula ezivela emfuleni iLimpompo zazisabalalisa imisoco ethafeni lezikhukhula, kuhlanganisa nesemfundeni iMapungubwe lapho kwakunezinhlobo zomhlabathi ezisuka esihlabathini, ubumba, okwenza ukulima kube yinto engenzeka umnyaka wonke.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=19-20}} ==uMlando== ===Indabuko=== Sonke isifunda sasihlalwa ngabathwa eminyakeni eyizi-100,000 edlule. Abathwa bokuqala bashiya ifagugu eliebeile lemidwebo yasemihumeni kulo lonke elaseAfrika eseningizimu.<ref name="Mlambo-2014" />{{Rp|page=|pages=11–2}} Izikhulumi zezindimi zesintu zazihlala esizibeni semifula iShashe neLimpompo phakathi kowama-350 nowama-450 CE.<ref name="King 2011">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=Rachel |date=2011 |title=Archaeological naissance at Mapungubwe |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1469605311417364 |journal=Journal of Social Archaeology |publisher=Sage |volume=11 |issue=3}}</ref> Indabuko yombuso waseMapungubwe isendaweni ebizwa Leopard Kopje, okuyisiko lemivubukulo eliseZimbabwe yanamuhla.<ref name="Tlou-2012" /> ====Schroda (900-1000)==== Befakwe ugqozi uhwebo ngezinyo lendlovu, amaZhizo afudukela eningizimu ngonyaka wama-900 ukuze ayohlala endaweni ebizwa-Schroda, eduze nomfula iLimpompo. Abathwa bona basuswa emhlabeni yabo yokhokho.<ref name="Mlambo-2014">{{Cite book |last=Mlambo |first=A. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofzimbabw0000mlam/mode/2up?view=theater |title=A history of Zimbabwe |date=2014 |publisher=New York, NY : Cambridge University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-107-02170-9}}</ref>{{Rp|page=|pages=11–2}} AmaZhizo ayefuye imihlambi futhi ekuthanda nokulima. Ayebuye ahwebe ngezinto lendlovu naBathwa, ababehlala ezindaweni ezihlukene.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" /> Indawo yaseSchroda kungenzeka kwakuyisiqongo samaZhizo ngenxa yokuthi aymaningi lapho. Inkosi yawo iyona eyayiebe kakhulu, izizuzela imfuyo ngokuhlawulisa, izothulo, ukudliwa kwempahla, ukuphanga, nelobolo elikhulu ngamadodakazi ayo. AmaZhizo eykuthanda ukubumba izinkamba ezihlukene, abaqanjwe ngalo. Ubumba lwalusetshenziswa ukufundisa izingane. Babehwebalana nezifunda ezisothungulu nangegolide, izinyo lendlovu, izikhumba zomkhombe, izikhumba zengwe, insimbi, bathole ubuhlalu bengilazi, izindangu zokotini nosilika, nenhlakahla ecwebezelayo.<ref name="Huffman-2005"/>{{Rp|page=10–4}} ==== K2 (1000-1220) ==== Ngonyaka we-1000, abanye abantu baseLeopard's Kopje bafudukela eningizimu ukuze bayohlala eBambandyanalo (eyaziwa ngokuthi kuse-K2, esegqumeni iBambandyanalo), kuyilapho amaZhizo wona afudukela entshona ahlala endaweni ebizwa Toutswe eseBotswana namuhla. Abanye ongoti bakholwa ukuthi ubudlwelwane babo babugcwele izimpi nemibangp, kodwa abanye bathi babuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwezenhlalo nangokwezombusazwe. Abanye ongoti bakholwa ukuthi ubudlelwane babo babugcwele imibango nezimpi, kuyilapho abanye bathi babuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwezenhlalo nangokwezombusazwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calabrese |first=John A. |date=2000-12-01 |title=Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006796925891 |journal=African Archaeological Review |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=183–210 |doi=10.1023/A:1006796925891 |issn=1572-9842|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Kim-2015">{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Nam C. |last2=Kusimba |first2=Chapurukha M. |last3=Keeley |first3=Lawrence H. |date=2015 |title=Coercion and Warfare in the Rise of State Societies in Southern Zambezia |journal=The African Archaeological Review |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=1–34 |doi=10.1007/s10437-015-9183-x |jstor=43916844 |issn=0263-0338}}</ref> Ukufika kwabo kwahambisana nokufka kwenkathi yokuvunda, okwenza bathela kakhulu kwezolimo.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=19}} Abantu baseLeopard's Kopje babekhulumma uhlobo lokuqala lwesiShona, mhlawumbe isiKlanga esasikhulunywa entsona. Indawo ebizwa K2 kwakuyisiqongo, futhi kungenzeka yayihlukaniswe ngokwezindlu ezazingaphansi kwegunya lomnumzane, kuyilapho inkosi yayiphethe indawo enulu. Abesifazane babesebenza ngosokhlele, kuyilapho abesilisa besebenza ngensimbi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|pages=16–23}} Babeblima amabele, unyalothi, unjwambu, amalumulondo nama-cowpeas. Ukuze benze umhlaba wabo ukhiize kakhulu, imihlabi yayiluselwa kude nesiqongo, emadlelweni eminye imiphakathi ngenholoso yokuqinisa ubudlelwane yenhlalo-mbusazwe nayo nokwakuvumela ukuba imihlmbi ikhulu ibe mikhulu.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=20}} Inanisamba landa kakhulu e-K2 laba abantu abyi-1,500 ngowe-1200. Umkhuba wokwenza imvula wawudlangile, futhi inkosi yayiqasha abafokazana okwakholwa ukuthi banobuhlobo namadlozi (amathongo) ezwe, abafana naBathwa, ngenxa yokulahla lapho isikhathi eside. Ngokufanayo, amaZhizo asala eLeokwe (angaphansi kwawase-K2) ayengongoti bemicikilisho nemidanti yendawo ngenxa yokuhlala kuyo isikhathi eside.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|pages=26–9}} UThomas Huffman wabhala kuthi inani elikhulu lo mcebo owawukhiqizwa uhwebo olwenzeka kulwandlekazi iNdian, waletha ukungalingani okusha, njengoba umphakathi wawuguquka usuka ekubeni okleliswe ngokwenhlalo kuya kowezigaba zenhlalo, onegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezicebi nabahlwempu. Kwaba nzima ukuhlela izindawo zokuhlala ezivumelana nalesi simo.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=30}} Kodwa, uMark Horton, uveza ukuthi izindawo eziphakathi neMpuma Afrika zazizuza kanacen kuhwebo olwenziwa ebangeni elide kunamanxuluma asothungulu, (ngenxa yokuqhoqhobala phezu kohwebo kwamaSwahili), futhi uShadreck Chirikure ngabanye bathi umnotho, kanye negumya lababusi kwakusekelwe kwezolimo nokufuya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ongoti abafana noNam Kim benoChapurukha Kusimba baveza ukuthi umbuso wakheka ngenxa yocandululo kwezolimo, ukufuya imihlambi, nokusetshenziswa kamandla emicikilisho.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Nam C. |last2=Kusimba |first2=Chapurukha M. |date=2008 |title=Pathways to Social Complexity and State Formation in the Southern Zambezian Region |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40389424 |journal=The African Archaeological Review |volume=25 |issue=3/4 |pages=131–152 |issn=0263-0338}}</ref><ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|pages=87-92}} === Igquma iMapungubwe (1220-1300) === [[File:ZimbabweStatesAndTrade.svg|thumb|Ibalazwe lezikhungo nemizila yohwebo ethafeni laseZimbabwe]] Cishe ngowe-1200 lapho kuphela inkathi yemvula, phakathi nesomiso esinzima esahlukeza umphakathi, izicukuthwane zasebukhosini zafudukisa isibongo sayiswa eMapungubwe (okwakuyisiza sokwenza imvula esidala) futhi zahlala esicongweni esiwucengece phezulu ngowe- 1220, kuyilapho bonke abanye bahlaliswa phansi kwegquma laseMapungubwe.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|pages=17-9}} Kungenzeka umuzi omdalacowawulapjo kwadingeka ukuba ushiswe ukuze lwakhowe omusha. Igquma iMapungubwe laba igquma lokwenza imvula lilodwa, futhi ukuhlala komholi kulo kwazhumanisa iNkosi nesiko lokwenza imvula, nokwaba ukukhula kobukhosi obungcwele.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=|pages=32–4}} Kuleli gauma, kwakuhlala aBathwa kulo ekuqaleni futhi umhumei okulo ngasempuma unemidwebo yobuciko babo.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=17}} iNkosi yokuqala ("uShiriyadenga" ngokomlando wamaVenda)<ref name="Loubser-2024" /> kwakudingeka uchithe isikhathi sayo esiningi iqhingiwe noma isemgonqeni, futhi isigodlo sayo sisohlangothini olusentshona nengquma; sasinegumbi lapho ingosi yayamukela khona izihambeli, nelinye loluhlola izihambeli zingakafiki enkosino, negumbi ezikhethekile lenkosi lokubhula. Ngowe-1250, iMapungubwe yayisinabantu abayizi-5000, abahlala abanezindluvezizungeze igquma. iNkosi yesibili ("uTshidziwelele" ngesiVenda)<ref name="Loubser-2024" /> yakha isigodlo sayo naphakathi nengquma, ngendlela efanayo neyenkosi eyandulele, Kodwa igumbi lezihambeli lahlukaniswa kwelenkosi, ukuze iNkosi nezihambeli zibe namagumbi ahlukene, futhi isebenzise umkhulumeli Ukuxhumana nazo. Amakhosi ayenesithembu, futhi abanye abafazi babehlala ngaphandle kwesiqongo, ukuze balekelele ekugcineni kohleloxhano lwabavunani.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" /><ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=|pages=38–51}} Uhlelokulawula nohlaka lombuso akucacile, nakuba ongoti bethi kwakufana nokombuso wabaPedi.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=71}} Ezomnotho zazisekelwe kwezolimo, futhi kwakufuywa nezinkomo ezaziluselwa kude nesiqongo, ziqinisa ubudlelwane kwezenhlalo nakwezombisazwe nemiphakathi ebuqamama, futhi kanjalo kwandisa ithonya laseMapungubwe. Ingcebo enkulu yaqongelelwa ngezothulo, ezazikhikhelwa ngezilimo, izilwane noma impahla.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Delius |first1=Peter |last2=Chewins |first2=Linell |last3=Forssman |first3=Tim |date=2024 |title=Turning South African History Upside Down: Ivory and Gold Production, the Indian Ocean Trading System and the Shaping of Southern African Society, 600–1900 AD |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |pages=1–22 |doi=10.1080/03057070.2024.2436329 |issn=0305-7070|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Wingfield-2020">{{Cite book |last1=Wingfield |first1=Chris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5lOTzgEACAAJ |title=The Pasts and Presence of Art in South Africa: Technologies, Ontologies and Agents |last2=Giblin |first2=John |last3=King |first3=Rachel |date=2020 |publisher=McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research |isbn=978-1-913344-01-6 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=163}} Usokhele, igolide, umthanimbi kwakuizinhlwa ezingatholakali esizibeni somfula iShashe- iLimpompo, kodwa kungenzeka iMapungubwe yayizithola njengezothulo noma uhwebo, njengoba ihlangana mfula leShashe neLimpompo kwakuyisizinda sohwebo.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=20, 22}} Akucaci kahle ukuthi ukuphoqwa nombango kwaba nalipho igalelo ekukhuleni kombuso waseMapungubwe nokuchachaza kwawo njengoba kungelula ukuhlonza lokhu ngemivubululo. Nakuba izindonga zamatshe zazinenhloso yokuhlukanisa izicukuthwane kubantukazana, zazibie zibe ngenhloso yokuzivikela ezitheni, okuveza ukuthi impi kwakuyinsakavukela.<ref name="Kim-2015" /> UKim noKusimba, kanye noSimon Hall (abavubukuli), baveza ukuthi ukuphoqelelwa nodlame yizinto ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuba ngamandla ombuso.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=92}} Umbuso waseMapungubwe wawuhweba endaweni nezindawo ezifana neToutswe kanye neEiland, kuhwetshwa ngegolide, Izinto lendluvo futhi zithelekiselwa uhwebo lolwandlekazi Indian ngomzila waseSofala.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=|pages=38–51}} Akwaziwa ukuthi yini eyawisa umbuso waseMapungubwe.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{rp|page=32}} UElizabeth Anne Voigt waphakamisa ukuthi izinkomo yizona ezawohloza umhlaba, phakathi nesomiso, kuyilapho uDavid Killick benoChristopher Ehret bathi ngekhulu le-13, imibuso yaseKilwa, naseMogodishu yathatya indawo yesiqhibgo iManda nesiqhibgo iShanga njengamachweba ohwebo. Futhi ngaphansi kwethonya laseKilwa, indawo yaseSofala yaba isizinda sohwebo ngegolide, futhi yayiseduze nendawo ekhiqiza igolide ethafeni laseZimbabwe, yasala kanjalo iMapungubwe ingasabalulekile.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=96}} UChirikure ngabanye bona bathi imizila yohwebo yagudlukela enyakatho njengoba abahwebi babefuna ukufika ngokushesha endaweni ephakathi nezwe ekhiqiza igolide, nokuyisenzo esadicilela phansi umnotho waseMapungubwe. Ngokufanele, ukuswelakala kwezimohala ezithelekiwe kwakuzowohloza ubudlelwane bezombusazwe baseMapungubwe obabugiyame ekuhwebeni ukuze imihlambi yakhona uthole amadlelo. Baqagula ukuthi ubuholi balahlekelwa ukwethenjwa ikakhulu njengoba kwase kudingeka izothulo eziningi, lokhu kwadala ukungezwani nokungathembani nokwenza abantu abaningi bafuduke endaweni.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|page=|pages=32-3, 98}} Isiziba sashoywa abantu abasakazekela enyakatho, entdhoba naseningizimu. Abaphindanga babuya. ENyakatho, kwavela iZimbambwe Enkulu, umbuso onabantu abambalwa, wakhula ngendlela efanayo nowaseMapungubwe, uhlakanisa abantu ngokuhlala futhi unobukhosi obingcwele.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=55}} ==Isiko nomphakathi== [[File:Stone game board on Mapungubwe Hill, Limpopo, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Umdlalo womlabalaba otholakele khona eMapungubwe.]] Emva kweminyaka yokuhlala eK2, umphakathi walapha waguquka usuka emphakathini osekkelwe kuqhiwu waba umphakathi osekelwe esigabeni zenhlalo, futhi waba isibonelo sobukhosi bobungcwele eAfrika eseningizimu.<ref name="web.wits.ac.za">{{Cite web |url=http://web.wits.ac.za/nr/rdonlyres/33e48eb0-29e9-49ec-a296-5daaa4aacc5a/0/evolution.pdf |title=Origin of Species and Evolution, Wits University Showcase |access-date=10 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122181425/http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/33E48EB0-29E9-49EC-A296-5DAAA4AACC5A/0/Evolution.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2009 }}</ref> Umholi womphakathi nezicukuthwane babehlala phezulu eGqumeni, abantukazana ehlala ezansi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=|pages=32–4}} Kwakukhona amakhondo amane abheke egqumeni, elikhulu kuwo lalinabalindi ababebuzwa ngokuthi bayihlo lenkosi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=37}} Izondawo zokuhlala zazihlulaniswe ngokwezindlu zokuhlala ezingaphansi kwabamnumzane, zizungeze igquma, ziyindilinga elivikelayo.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{rp|page=40}} Umbuso kungenzeka wawuhlukaniswe ngokoqhiwu olunezigaba ezinhlanu ngenxa Yokusakaza kwabantu: Kwakukhona abamnumzane, izinduna zomuzi, izinduna ezincane, izinduna ezinkulu, izinduna ngqangi, neNkosi.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|page=50}} === Ukwenza imvula === Umcikilisho wokqenza imvula, noma ukulawula imvula, wawebziwa ngenhloso yokukhinyabeza ukufika kwemvula ukuze kunqandwe isomiso noma izikhukhula. Kwakusekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi abantu banamandla wokuthonya imvelo, imimoya, noma abangasekho abanisa noma bagweve ngemvula. ABathwa okwakukholelwa ukuthi banxhumano oluseduze namathongo akudala ezwe, kwakubizwa bona ukuze balekelele ezinye imiphakathi ngokwenza imcula. Izangoma zaBathwa zazingenwa idlozi noma ziye kwleamarhongo ukuze zivame izilwane eziyamaniswa nokwenza imcula. Umphakathi waseK2 wawukhetya aBathwa kunamaZhizo, okwakungamaqhwamelala wabo kwezombusazwe. Iziqongo zamagquma anemifudlana ezansi, zazisetshenziswa njengezizinda zokwenza imvula, kuhlanganisa nesiza esibizwa Ratho Kroonkop. Njengoba umphakathi wawuba yinkimbinkimbi, imisamo yakhiwa emagqumeni, futhi lo mkhuba walawulwa ngemithetho. EMapungubwe, izicukuthwane zazama ukuguqula indawo yokwenzela imvula, kusuka emagqumeni amaningi zayiletha egqumeni elilodwa; iGquma iMapungubwe, ellihlala abasebukhosini nongoti bokwenza imvula, kanjalo khuba wasuswa ethobyeni labangasekho.<ref name="Chirikure-2015" />{{Reference page|pages=30-1}} ==Amaliba asebukhosini== [[File:Mapungubwe, Limpopo, South Africa (20356187550).jpg|thumb|Ubhekane wegolide waseMapungubwe]] [[File:Mapungubwe gold beads and jewellery - Museum of Gems and Jewellery.jpg|thumb|I ubuhlalu begolide nobucwebe obutholakele eMapungubwe]] Ngowe-1930 kwanyalulwa amathuna eduze nesigodlo, okwakunamaliba angama-23. Iningi labangcwatsywe kuwo lalingenayo imihlobiso noma imbalwa, iningi lalabo abakhulile babefake ubuhlalu bengilazi, kodwa abathathu babehlukile. Owokuqala, owaziwa ngokuthi ongxlcwatshwe ngegolide, wayengcwatshwe nesiqamelo sokhuni esimbozwe ngegolide nezinye Izinto ezintathu esikhandwe ngokhumu nazo zambozwa ngembedu; isitsha sokubhula, intonga noma isagila, kanye noBhejane wegolide. Owesibili, ongowesifazane, wangcwatshwa ebheke entshona efake amasongo wegolide ayi-100, ubuhlalu begolide ubuyizi-12,000, nobuhlalu bengilazi ubuyizi-26,000. Owesithathu, okungenzeka owesilisa, naye wangcwatshwa ebheke entshona, enomgexo wobuhlalu begolide obunamantombazane, nezinye Izinto nazo esimbozwe ngegolide, kuhlanganisa nengwenya.<ref name="Huffman-2005" />{{Rp|pages=46–7}} Ngowezi-2007, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika wakhipha imvume yokuba izinsalela eziyisikhehle ezambiwa ngowe-1933, zingcwatshwe kabusha eGqumeni laseMapungubwe ngomgidi owenziwa mhla zingama-20 November 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Reburial of Mapungubwe Human Remains {{!}} South African History Online |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/reburial-mapungubwe-human-remains |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> ==Amaphatho== <references /> [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] 7nts3ckjhtbrbi55cfgxujzaup0me5b 0 35163 129206 128302 2026-09-19T17:46:34Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monument |name = Isikhumbuzo samaVoortrekker |native_name = |image = Voortrekker_Monument.jpg |caption = Isikhumbuzo ngaphambili |location = [[Pretoria]], [[Gauteng]], [[South Africa]] |designer = Gerard Moerdijk |type = |material = Granite |length = {{convert|40|m}} |width = {{convert|40|m}} |height = {{convert|40|m}} |begin = 13 July 1937 |complete = 12 December 1949 |open = 16 December 1949 |dedicated_to = Voortrekkers |coordinates = {{coord|25|46|35|S|28|10|39|E|region:ZA-GT_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |extra = }} '''Isikhumbuzo samaVortrekker''' sitholakala eningizimu [[IPitoli|nePitoli]] [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]]. Lesi sakhiwo sogwadle sisesiqongweni segquma, futhi sakhiwa ukuze kukhunjulwe amaVortrekkers ashiya ikoloni laseKapa phakathi kowe-1835 nowe-1854. Saklanywa umklami wezakhiwo UGerard Moerdijk. NgoJulayi 8, 2011, Isikhumbuzo samaVortrekker samenyezelwa [[Iziza zefagugu kuzwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika|njengeSiza Sefagugu sikazwelonke]] yiNhlangano Sensizakusebenza Yefagugu laseNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite press release|title=Voortrekker Monument Declared a National Heritage|date=29 July 2011|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/voortrekkermonument.pdf|last1=South African Heritage Resource Agency|access-date=27 November 2011|author1-link=South African Heritage Resource Agency}}</ref> ==uMlando== [[File: Voortrekker Monument May 2006, IMG 3008.jpg|thumb|left|IVoortrekker elilimele eVegkop, ubuciko obusemjanjatuweno womlando]] Isu lokwakha isikhumbuzo sokuhlonipha amaVoortrekkers ladingidwa mhla zili-16 December 1888, lapho uMengameli wombusosobala wasNingizimu Afrika uPaul Kruger ethamele imigubho yoSuku Lwesifungo eDanskraal [[IKwaZulu-Natal|eNatali]]. Kodwa, umnyakazo wokwakhiwa kwaso waqala mhla 4 April 1931 lapho IKomidi Lesikhumbuzo Zabantu (''Sentrale Volksmonumentekomitee'') lisungulwa ukuze kufezekiswe isu.<ref name="Pan01">{{Cite magazine |date=December 1974 |title=South African Panorama 1974-12: Vol 19 Iss 12 |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_south-african-panorama_1974-12_19_12 |magazine=South African Panorama |volume=19 |issue=12 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|13}} Ukwakha kwaqala mhla zili-13 July 1937 ngomgidi wokuphendula inhlabathi owenziwa isihlalo weKomidi Lesikhumbuzo Zabantu, uMphikeli Ernest George Jansen, endaweni kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi iGqumaLesikhumbuzo. Mhla zili-16 December 1938 itshe legumbi lase libekiwe, livela abazukulu abathathu babaholi bamaVoortekker: uNkz. J.C. Muller (umzukulu kaAndries Pretorius), uNkz. K.F. Ackerman (umzukulu ka Hendrik Potgieter) noNkz. J.C. Preller (umzukulu kaPiet Retief). Isikhumbuzo savulwa mhla zili-16 December 1949 nguNdunankulu wezwe uDaniel F. Malan.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Izindleko zokwakha isikhumbuzo zazibalelwa kwizi-360,000 zopondo baseBrithani, iningi lazo ezaziphima kuhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. [[File:Voortrekker Monument By Sara Buijskes 1949.jpg|thumb|"Isikhumbuzo samaVoortrekker ngowe+1949" umdwebo kaSara Buijskes]] Inkundla yeshashalazi Enkulu, engathwala cishe abangama-20,000, yakhowa enyakatho mpuma nesikhumbuzo ngowe-1949. ==Ulwangu oluyinhloko== Isikhumbuzo samaVoortrekker singamamitha angama-62 ukuphakama, sinesisekelo esingamamitha angama-40 aphinde ngamamitha angama-40.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngenswebu yezikhunbuzo zaseYurophu ezifana ne ''Les Invalides'' eFrance kanye ne ''Völkerschlachtdenkmal'' [[IJalimani|eJimani]], Kodwa futhi siqukethe amathonya aseAfrika.<ref name="Grundlingh 2009">{{Cite book |last=Grundlingh |first=Albert |title=Contested Histories in Public Space: Memory, Race, and Nation |url=https://archive.org/details/contestedhistori0000unse |date=2009 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-4217-5 |editor-last=Walkowitz |editor-first=Daniel J. |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/contestedhistori0000unse/page/159 159] |chapter=A Cultural Conundrum? Old Monuments and New Regimes: The Voortrekker Monument as Symbol of Afrikaner Power in a Postapartheid South Africa |editor-last2=Knauer |editor-first2=Lisa Maya}}</ref> Amaphuzi amabili aphawulekayo esakhowo angaphakathi kwaso, okuyimidwebo ephezu komjanjatho nedlinza elize. [[File:Inside the Voortrekker Monument.JPG|thumb|right|175px|Iwindi laseNingizimu Kanye nemidwebo ephezu komjanjatho]] ===Olunye ulwangu=== Izihambeli zesikhumbuzo zingena ngesango elimnyama lensimbi enomkhonto. Emva kokudlula esangweni izihambeli siba phakathi kwesingunga esikhulu esinezinqola ezidonswa izinkabi ezikhandwe ngogwadle lokuhlobisa.<ref name=Pan01/>{{rp|15}} Leli inani lezinqola ezasetshenziswa empini yaseNcome ukuze kwakhiwe isigunga.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} [[File:Voortrekker Vrou Statue.JPG|thumb|left|175px|Owesifazane weVoortrekker nezingane umsebenzi kaAnton van Wouw]] [[File:Voortrekker Statue.JPG|thumb|right|175px|Isichuse sikaPiet Retief]] Phansi kwesikhumbuzo kukhona Isichuse sikaAnton van Wouw sethusi sowesifazane weVoortrekker nezingane zakhe ezimbili, esihlonipha isibindi sabesifazane bamaVoortrekker.<ref name=Pan01/>{{rp|15}} Emaceleni womabili esichuse kukhona izinyamazane ezimbili ezimnyama ezishiselwe ezindongeni zesikhumbuzo. Lezi zinyamazane zifanekisa izingozi zaseAfrika futhi ukuvalela kwazo kusho ukuthi abesifazane babo, okungabatywali bempucuko yaseNtshona, bayanqoba. Emagumbini angaphandle esikhumbuzo kukhona izichuse, ezimelela uPiet Retief, Andries Pretorius, Hendrik Potgieter nomunye Umholi "ongaziwa" (okungabaholi bamaVoortrekker).<ref name=Pan01/>{{rp|15}} Isichuse ngasinye sinesinzima esingamathani ayisi- 6.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Egumbini elisempuma lesikhumbuzo, kukhona itshe lesisekelo, ngaphansi kwalo okungcwatshwe isifaniselo sesFungo esenziwa mhla zili-16 December 1838, nesifaniselo seculo elibizwa "''Die Stem''", nesifaniselo senkozo yomhlaba ephakathi kwamaVoortekker ayeholwa nguPiet Retief, ayenza neSilo samaZulu uDingane kaSenzangakhona. ==Amaphatho== <references /> [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Izikhumbuzo]] 3y3z5i0tvhcuzrgxlcuey00r523a40o 0 35168 129199 128894 2026-09-19T17:19:40Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129199 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Robben Island</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Robbeneiland</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Robben_Island_-_Cape_Town,_South_Africa_(3883849594).jpg|250x250px|Robben Island viewed from above]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Robben Island viewed from above</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe height="200" zoom="10" frameless="1" width="300">{"properties":{"stroke-width":1,"stroke":"#4d4d4c","title":"Robben Island","fill":"#969896"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q192493"}</mapframe> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:South_Africa_Western_Cape_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Robben Island is located in Western Cape]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:74.842%;left:12.429%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Robben Island]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Robben Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Western Cape</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Western Cape</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:South_Africa_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Robben Island is located in South Africa]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:89.59%;left:13.779%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Robben Island]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Robben Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within South Africa</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South Africa</span></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Robben_Island&params=33_48_18_S_18_22_12_E_region:ZA_type:city(116) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°48′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°22′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.80500°S 18.37000°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">-33.80500; 18.37000</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:16}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Robben_Island&params=33_48_18_S_18_22_12_E_region:ZA_type:city(116) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°48′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°22′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.80500°S 18.37000°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-33.80500; 18.37000</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Country | class="infobox-data" |[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|South Africa]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Province | class="infobox-data" |[[INtshonalanga Kapa|Western Cape]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Municipality | class="infobox-data" |[[Isidlavela saseKapa|City of Cape Town]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |5.18&nbsp;km² (2.00&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span>(2011)<ref name="census2011" /></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total</div> | class="infobox-data" |116 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Density | class="infobox-data" |22.4/km² (58.0/sq&nbsp;mi) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Racial makeup (2011)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="census2011" /></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[Abantu Bomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika|Black African]] | class="infobox-data" |60.3% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[AmaKhaladi|Coloured]] | class="infobox-data" |23.3% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;White | class="infobox-data" |13.8% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Other | class="infobox-data" |2.6% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |First languages (2011)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><ref name="census2011" /></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[IsiXhosa|Xhosa]] | class="infobox-data" |37.9% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[IsiBhunu|Afrikaans]] | class="infobox-data" |35.3% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[IsiZulu|Zulu]] | class="infobox-data" |15.5% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;English | class="infobox-data" |7.8% |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Other | class="infobox-data" |3.4% |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Isikhathi sendawo|Time&nbsp;zone]] | class="infobox-data" |[[utc+02:00|UTC+2]] ([[South African Standard Time|SAST]]) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |PO box | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">7400</div> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- class="mergedrow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><div style="line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#0177D3">[[ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Type | class="infobox-data" |Cultural |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Criteria | class="infobox-data" |III, VI |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Designated | class="infobox-data" |1999 <small>(23rd session)</small> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Reference&nbsp;no. | class="infobox-data" |[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916 916] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Region</div> | class="infobox-data" |Africa |- style="display:none" ! colspan="2" | |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |} '''IRobben Island''' iyisiqhingi esisechwebeni iTable Bay, okungamakhilomitha ali-6 entshonalanga yothungulu [[Bloubergstrand|lwaseBloubergstrand]], enyakatho [[IKapa|yeKapa]], eNingizimu Afrika. Igama layo lisuselwa egameni [[IsiHolandi|lesiDashi]] lasendulo elisho izimvu zamanzi (''robben''), yingakho igama lesiDashi/isiBhunu ''iRobbeneiland'', elihunyushwa ngokuthi ''iSiqhingi Sezimvu zamanzi'' . Isiqhingi sezimvu zamanzi sicishe simise okweqanda ngesimo, singamakhilomitha amathathu ubude ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, futhi siyikhilomitha elilodwa ububanzi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Avian Demography Unit: Robben Island|url=http://www.adu.uct.ac.za/adu/projects/sea-shore-birds/sites/sa/robben-island|publisher=Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town}}</ref> Siyisicaba futhi siphakeme ngamamitha ambalwa kuphela ngaphezu kolwandle, ngenxa yesigameko sokuguguleka komhlabathi sasendulo. Saqiniswa futhi sasetshenziswa njengejele kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 kwaze kwaba ngowe-1996, ngemva kokuphela [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|kobandlululo]] . Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, sasisetshenziselwa ukugcina iziboshwa zezombusazwe ezaziphikisana nombuso [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|wobandlululo]]. Isishoshovu sezombusazwe kanye nommeli [[Nelson Mandela|uNelson Mandela]] waboshwa kulesi siqhingi iminyaka eli-18 kwengama-27 ayegwetshwe yona ngaphambi kokuphela [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|kobandlululo]] kanye nokwethulwa kwentando yeningi egcwele, ehlanganisa izinhlanga eziningi eNingizimu Afrika. Kamuva wanikezwa uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel futhi wakhethwa ngowe-1994 njengoMongameli [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|waseNingizimu Afrika]], waba ngumongameli wokuqala onsundu kuleli zwe. Wakhnza njengomongameli ihlandla elilodwa kusukela ngowe-1994 kuya kowe-1999. Abanye ababili ababeyiziboshwa eSiqhingini sezimvu zamanzi, ngaphandle kukaMandela, nabo bakhethelwa ukuba ngomongameli kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990: [[Kgalema Motlanthe|uKgalema Motlanthe]] (2008–2009) <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2008 |title=New S. Africa president sworn in |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7634845.stm |access-date=22 November 2008 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> [[Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma|noJacob Zuma]] (2009–2018). Abanye ababeyiziboshwa bebenezikhundla ezahlukene kwezombusazwe embusweni wentando yeningi. IRobben Island [[Iziza zefagugu kuzwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika|iyiSiza Sefagugu Likazwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika]] kanye [[ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba|neSiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robben Island|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/916|accessdate=2 June 2011|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> == Umlando == == Ukufinyelela esiqhingini == IRobben Island ingafinyeleleka kubavakashi ngokukhenketha zisuka othugulu lolwandle lwaseKapa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robben Island Tours|url=http://www.robbenislandtours.com|website=Robben Island Tours}}</ref> Ukhenketho lusuka kathathu ngosuku futhi luthatha cishe amahora ama-3.5, okuhlanganisa ukuwela ngesikebhe ukuya nokubuya esiqhingini, kanye nokhenketho lweziza zomlando ezahlukahlukene esiqhingini ezakha ingxenye yeSigcinamagugu sesiqhingi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amathuna esiqhingi, inkwali yomcako engasasetshenziswa, indlu [[Robert Sobukwe|kaRobert Sobukwe]], inkwali yeTshelundwa, inkambu yamabutho asezweni nasolwandle, kanye nejele elinesilondolozo esiphezulu. Futhi kuboniswa nejele likaNelson Mandela. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robben Island tours|url=http://www.robben-island.org.za/tours#tourtypes|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209134142/http://www.robben-island.org.za/tours#tourtypes|archive-date=9 December 2015|accessdate=16 May 2017|website=Robben Island Museum}}</ref> == Ubungozi bolwandle == [[File:AMH-2554-NA_Map_of_Robben_Island.jpg|thumb| Ibalazwe lamaDashi lesiqhingi, kusukela ngo-1731]] Imikhumbi ehamba olwandle kumele iqaphele kakhulu uma idlula eduze kweRobben Island kanye neWhale Rock eseduze (elingaphansi) njengoba lokhu kuyingozi ekuhameni kwemikhumbi. <ref name="Horsburgh">{{Cite book |last=James Horsburgh |year=1852 |title=The India Directory, Or Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia and the Interjacent Ports |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCk6YV5AslIC |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |page=71}}</ref> Uthungulu lolwandle lwe-Atlantic oluvame ukuba khona luzungeze amatshe asogwini kanye nothungulu lolwandle olunamatshe aqinile lwalesi siqhingi. Imikhumbi eshayiwe ephonswa emadwaleni iphuka ngokushesha ngenxa yamagagasi anamandla. Kuyaziwa ukuthi imikhumbi engama-31 yaphahlazeka esiqhingini. <ref name="Smith">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Charlene |year=1997 |title=Robben Island |url=https://archive.org/details/robbenisland0000smit |publisher=Struik |isbn=9781868720620 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/robbenisland0000smit/page/30 30]–32}}</ref> Ngowe-1990, ithimba lemivubukulo yasolwandle elivela [[INyuvesi yaseKapa|eNyuvesi yaseKapa]] laqala Umgidingo obizwa "Sea Eagle". Kwakuyinhlolazwe yangaphansi kwamanzi eyayihlola amakhilomitha-skwele ali-9 olwandle oluzungeze isiqhingi sezimvu zamanzi. Lo msebenzi waba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yemisinga enamandla kanye namagagasi aphezulu. Leli qembu lithole imikhumbi engama-24 eyayicwile eduze nesiqhingi. Iningi lezimekemeke ezaphukile zitholakale emanzini angaphansi ngamamitha ali-10 ukujula. Ithimba laphetha ngokuthi isimo sezulu esibi, ubumnyama kanye nenkungu yizona ezabangela ukucwila. <ref name="Smith" /> Imikhumbi eyamehlezeka eduze nesiqhingi kanye nasemanzini azungezile ihlanganisa imikhumbi efana ne''Dutch East Indiaman'' wangekhulu le-17, ''iYeanger van Horne'' (1611), ''iShaapejacht'' (1660), kanye ''neDageraad'' (1694). Imikhumbi eyamehlezeka kamuva yekhulu le-19 yayihlanganisa imikhumbi eminingana yaseBrithani, okuhlanganisa ''iGondolier'' (1836), kanye [[IMelika|nowaseMelika]] , i''-AH Stevens'' (1866). Ngowe-1901 isikebhe esithwala izimpahla ngeposi i-SS ''Tantallon Castle'' sashaya amatshe eRobben Island enkungwini ethe khuhle! ngemva nje kokusuka eKapa. Ngemva kokuba kuqhunyiswe izinganono zokucela usizo esiqhingini, imikhumbi eseduze yaphuthuma ukuyosiza. Bonke abagibeli abali-120 kanye nabasebenzi bakhishwa emkhunjini ngaphambi kokuba uqhekeke ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamadwala. Eminye imikhumbi eli-17 yamehlezeka ngekhulu lama-20, okuhlanganisa nemikhumbi [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|yaseBrithani]], [[ISpeyini|yaseSpain]], [[INoki|yaseNorway]] kanye neyaseTaiwan .  === Indlu yesibani yaseRobben Island === [[File:Robben_Island-003.jpg|left|thumb| Indlu Yesibani yaseRobben Island]] Ngenxa yobungozi bolwandle lwaseRobben Island kanye nobamanzi aseduze kwayo, [[Jan van Riebeeck|uJan van Riebeeck]], umphathi wokuqala wamakoloni aseDashi eKapa ngawo-1650, wayala ukuthi kushiswe imililo emikhulu ebusuku phezu kweGquma Lomlilo, indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke esiqhingini (manje esiyiGquma iMinto). Lokhu kwakuwukuxwayisa imikhumbi yenkampani i-VOC ukuthi yayisondela esiqhingini. Ngowe-1865, indlu yesibani yaseRobben Island yaqedwa eGqumeni iMinto. <ref>{{Cite book |last=William Henry Rosser, James Frederick Imray |year=1867 |title=''The Seaman's Guide to the Navigation of the Indian Ocean and China Sea'' |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__8BBAAAAIAAJ |publisher=J. Imray & Son |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__8BBAAAAIAAJ/page/n349 280] |access-date=4 October 2008}}</ref> Umbhoshongo wokwakha oyisigqonqolozi, onendlu yomgcinisibani ngaphansi kwawo, ungamamitha ali-18 ukuya phezulu kanye nesigungelo sesibani phezulu. Ngowe-1938, isibani saguqulwa saba esogesi. Indlu yesibani isebenzisa isibani esikhanyayo esikhundleni sesibani esijikelezayo; sikhanya imizuzwana emi-5 njalo ngemizuzwana eyisikhombisa. Ukukhanya kwaso kubonakala ibanga amakhilomitha angama-44 ukuqhela, sikhanyisa ukukhanya okumhlophe kude neTable Bay . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Robben Island Lighthouse|url=http://www.lighthousedepot.com/lite_explorer.asp?action=display_details&LighthouseID=1146|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614085756/http://www.lighthousedepot.com/lite_explorer.asp?action=display_details&LighthouseID=1146|archive-date=14 June 2011|accessdate=29 October 2014}}</ref> Isibani esibomvu sesibili sisebenza njengosizo lokugegezela lemikhumbi entaza eningizimu-mpumalanga. == Izilwane zasendle kanye nokulondolozwa == [[File:Table_Bay_from_Robben_Island_(01).jpg|thumb| Umbono weTable Bay ukusuka ogwini lwaseRobben Island]] [[File:Blick_auf_Kapstadt.jpg|thumb| Uthungulu lwesiqhingi saseRobben olunombono weNtaba yesithebe]] [[File:ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_17_-_Blackfoot_penguin_(Spheniscus_demersus)_near_trees_on_Robben_Island_-_2015.jpg|thumb| Inguza yase-Afrika esengozini yokuqothulwa eRobben Island, 2015]] Lapho amaDashi efika kule ndawo ngweo-1652, izilwane ezinkulu kuphela esiqhingini [[Pinnipedia|kwakuyizimvu zamanzi]] nezinyoni, okuhlanganisa nezinguza. Ngowe-1654, abahlali bakhulula onogwaja esiqhingini ukuze bakwazi ukuthola umthombo wenyama olungele imikhumbi edlulayo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=George McCall Theal |year=1897 |title=History of South Africa Under the Administration of the Dutch East India Company (1652 to 1795) |url=https://archive.org/details/historysouthafr08theagoog |publisher=Swan Sonnenschein |page=[https://archive.org/details/historysouthafr08theagoog/page/n464 442] |access-date=10 October 2008}}</ref> Ikoloni lokuqala lezinguzaz ase-Afrika esiqhingini labhujiswa ngokuphelele ngowe-1800. Kodwa, kusukela ngowe-1983, ikoloni elisha selisungulwe lapho, futhi lesi siqhingi sanamuhla siyindawo ebalulekile yokuzalela yalezi zinhlobo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Les Underhill|title=Robben Island|url=http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/robben.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305061211/http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/robben.htm|archive-date=5 March 2012|accessdate=12 October 2008|publisher=Avian Demography Unit, [[University of Cape Town]]}}</ref> Ikoloni lakhula laba ubungakoi wabantu abayizi-16,000 ngowezi-2004, ngaphambi kokuba liqale ukwehla ngobungako futhi. Ngokwezi-2015, lokhu kwehla bekulokhu kuqhubeka (kwaze kwaba ubungako wekoloni labantu abayizi~3,000). Ukwehla okunjalo kutholakale cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo zokuhlala zezinguza zase-Afrika. Izimbangela zalokhu azikacaci kahle futhi kungenzeka zihluke phakathi kwamakoloni, kodwa eRobben Island cishe zihlobene nokuncipha kokudla (amasadini nama-anchovies) ngenxa yokuncintisana kwabadobi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weller |first=F. |last2=Cecchini |first2=L.A. |last3=Shannon |first3=L. |last4=Sherley |first4=R.B. |last5=Crawford |first5=R.J. |last6=Altwegg |first6=R. |last7=Scott |first7=L. |last8=Stewart |first8=T. |last9=Jarre |first9=A. |year=2014 |title=A system dynamics approach to modelling multiple drivers of the African penguin population on Robben Island, South Africa |journal=Ecological Modelling |volume=277 |pages=38–56 |bibcode=2014EcMod.277...38W |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.013}}</ref> Kulula ukubona izinguza endaweni yazo yemvelo, futhi athandwa kakhulu yizivakashi. Cishe ngowe-1958, uLieutenant Peter Klerck, isikhulu sezempi saseNingizimu Afrika esasikhonza kulesi siqhingi, sangenisa izilwane ezahlukahlukene. Isiqephu esicashuniwe sendatshana eyabhalwa yindodana yakhe uMichael Klerck, owayehlala kulesi siqhingi kusukela esemncane, sichazisa izilwane zasendaweni: <ref>{{Cite web|last=Michael Klerck|title=Robben Island: Childhood Memories—a personal reflection|url=http://www.robbenisland.org|accessdate=23 November 2008|publisher=robbenisland.org}}</ref> Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, inani lonogwaja lase lifinyelele kuzi-25,000, okwase kuyizinhlobo ezihlaselayo, okwabeka ezinye engozini. [[Umuntu|Abantu]] bazingela futhi babulala onogwaja ukuze banciphise inani labo. == Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu == Ngowezi-2022, uMbiko Wokuhlola Wesithupha we-IPCC wafaka iRobben Island ohlwini lweziza ezingokwesiko zase-Afrika ezazizosongelwa yizikhukhula kanye nokuguguleka kogu ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kodwa kuphela uma ukuguquguquka lwesimo sezulu lulandela i-RCP 8.5, okuyisimo sokukhishwa kohowo olushisa okuphezulu nokuqhubekayo okuhambisana nokufudumala okwedlula amazinga amane °C. , futhi akusabhekwa njengokungenzeka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=29 January 2020 |title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading |journal=Nature |volume=577 |issue=7792 |pages=618–20 |bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 |pmid=31996825 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hausfather |first=Zeke |last2=Peters |first2=Glen |date=20 October 2020 |title=RCP8.5 is a problematic scenario for near-term emissions |journal=PNAS |volume=117 |issue=45 |pages=27791–27792 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11727791H |doi=10.1073/pnas.2017124117 |pmc=7668049 |pmid=33082220 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ezinye izimo ezinengqondo kakhulu ziholela emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhuphuka amazinga olwandle aphansi: noma kunjalo, amazinga olwandle azoqhubeka nokukhula iminyaka engaba yizi-10,000 ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo. <ref>{{Cite book |date=August 2021 |title=Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |publisher=IPCC |page=TS14 |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> Noma ngabe ukufudumala kukhawulelwe ku-1.5 °C, ukwenyuka kwezinga lolwandle emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule {{Convert|2-3|m|ft|0}} ngemva kweminyaka engu-2000 (futhi amazinga okufudumala aphezulu azobona ukwanda okukhulu ngaleso sikhathi), ngenxa yalokho kudlule amazinga angu-2100 okuphakama kwezinga lolwandle ngaphansi kwe-RCP 8.5 (~ {{Convert|0.75|m|ft|0}} enobubanzi obungu {{Convert|0.5-1|m|ft|0}} ) ngaphambi konyaka ka-4000. == Izithombe == <gallery widths="133px" heights="130px"> File:Maximum_Security_Prison,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg|alt=Maximum Security Prison, Robben Island| Ijele lesilondolozo esiphezulu, eRobben Island File:Kathrada_Obama_Robben_island.jpg|alt=Ahmed Kathrada, who was imprisoned in Robben Island between 1964 and 1982, is pictured giving a tour of the prison to US President Barack Obama and his family in 2013.| U-Ahmed Kathrada, owaboshwa eRobben Island phakathi kuka-1964 no-1982, uthwetshulwe ebuka uMengameli wase-US [[Barack Obama|uBarack Obama]] nomndeni wakhe ejele ngowe-2013. File:Rock_pile,_Robben_Island_Prison.jpg|alt=Rock pile started by Nelson Mandela and added to—one rock at a time—by former prisoners returning to the island.| Inqwaba yamatshe aqalwa nguNelson [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] futhi engezwa—itshe ngalinye ngesikhathi—yiziboshwa zangaphambili ezazibuyela esiqhingini. File:Moturu_Kramat.jpg|alt=Muslim Moturu Kramat shrine on Robben Island.| Ithempeli [[Amasulumane|lamasulumane]] iMoturu Kramat esiqhingini File:World_War_II_Guard_Pillbox,_Robben_Island_(01).jpg|alt=World War II guard pillbox.| Ibhokisi labaqaphi beMpi Ymhlaba yesibili . File:ASC_Leiden_-_Rietveld_Collection_-_41_-_African_sacred_ibis_(Threskiornis_aethiopicus)_on_grassland_-_2015_(cropped).jpg|alt=African sacred ibis on Robben Island, 2015.| izinyoni ezigcwele eRobben Island, ngowezi-2015. </gallery> ==Amaphatho== {{reflist}} [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:IKapa]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qcxa9pap9au8pprrh7d3i2r2130oxhh 0 35190 129243 128834 2026-09-20T03:54:05Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town 01.jpg|thumb|Isango loMuzinqaba weThembalihle|300x300px]] '''Umuzinqaba weThembalihle''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.iol.co.za/castle-of-good-hope-350/castle350-capes-bastion-of-history-2086709|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528051834/https://www.iol.co.za/castle-of-good-hope-350/castle350-capes-bastion-of-history-2086709|archive-date=28 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> uyinqaba ezingonibhozo ezinde wekhulu le-17 [[IKapa|oseKapa]], eNingizimu Afrika. Ekuqaleni wawitholakala othungulu lweChweba lesiThebe, ngemva kokubuyiselwa komhlaba endaweni [[Foreshore, Cape Town|waseForeshore]], le nqaba manje isingaphakathi nezwe.   <ref name="castle">{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/|website=castleofgoodhope.co.za|accessdate=2026-09-07|archive-date=2001-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417233020/http://www.castleofgoodhope.co.za/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Umuzinqaba uzungezwe umsele. Ngowe-1936, uMuzinqaba wamenyezelwa njengesikhumbuzo somlando. Manje [[Isiza sefagugu sesifundazwe|usiyisiza sefagugu lesifundazwe]] futhi, ngemva kokuvuselelwa ngawo-1980, ubhekwa njengesibonelo esilondolozwe kahle kakhulu senqaba seDutch East India Company . <ref name="places">{{Cite web|title=Castle of Good Hope|url=http://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413070754/https://www.places.co.za/html/ct_castle.html|archive-date=13 April 2019|accessdate=8 September 2010|website=places.co.za}}</ref> == Umlando == Lomuzinqaba wakhiwa yi''Dutch East India Company'' phakathi kowe-1666 nowe-1679, uMuzinqaba uyisakhiwo esidala kunazo zonke esikhona eNingizimu Afrika. <ref name="castle" /> Wathatha indawo yenqaba endala ebizwa ngokuthi i<nowiki><i>Fort de Goede</i></nowiki> <nowiki><i>Hoop</i></nowiki> eyakhiwa ngobumba nangokhuni futhi yakhiwa nguJan [[Jan van Riebeeck|van Riebeeck]] lapho efika eNhlonhlweni yeThembalihle ngowe-1652. <ref name="capetown">Peter Schirmer (1983) ''Cape Town, The Fairest Cape'', C.Struik (Pty) Ltd., Cape Town {{ISBN|0-86977-186-8}}</ref>  Izinkambu ezimbili, inkambu Kyckuit (inqaba yokulinda) kanye nenakmbu Duijnhoop (indunduma yezibi) zakhiwa emlonyeni woMfula iSalt ngowe-1654. Inhloso yokuhlala kwamaDashi eKapa kwakuwukuthi kube isigculo sokugcwalisa kabusha imikhumbi edlula othungulu oluyingozi oluzungeze iKapa ohambweni olude phakathi kweNetherlands neDutch East Indies (manje eyi-Indonesia). Phakathi nonyaka we-1664, ukungezwani phakathi kweBrithani neNetherlands kwakhula phakathi kwamahemuhemu okusuka kwempi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMkhuzi uZacharias Wagenaer, owalandela uJan van Riebeeck, waqondiswa nguKhomishana u-Isbrand Goske ukuba akhe inqaba ezingonibhozo enziwe ngamatshe. Itshe lokuqala labekwa mhla zi-2 kuMasingana 1666. Le nqaba yakhiwa ngokwengxenye yizisebenzi zezigqila. Inkampani i-VOC yayingaqiniseki ngobukhulu bamaqembu abantu bendawo ngakho-ke yesaba ukuvukela umbuso uma ibenza izigqila; kunalokho yaletha abantu abayizigqila abangafika kuzi-60,000 abavela eMadagascar, eMozambique, eDutch-Indies, naseNdiya. <ref name="gelder">{{Cite news |last=van Gelder |first=Elles |date=28 June 2023 |title=Nazaten slaafgemaakten in Zuid-Afrika willen ook Nederlandse erkenning |url=https://nos.nl/collectie/13940/artikel/2480642-nazaten-slaafgemaakten-in-zuid-afrika-willen-ook-nederlandse-erkenning |access-date=28 June 2023 |publisher=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]] |language=nl}}</ref> Umsebenzi wawuphazanyiswa njalo ngoba i''Dutch East India Company'' yayingathandi ukuchitha imali kulo msebenzi. Mhla zingama-26 Ephreli 1679, lezi zinqaba ezinhlanu zaqanjwa ngeziqu eziyinhloko zikaWilliam III wase-Orange-<nowiki><i>Nassau</i></nowiki> : i<nowiki><i>Leerdam</i></nowiki> entshonalanga, kanye no<nowiki><i>Buuren</i></nowiki>, u<nowiki><i>Katzenellenbogen</i></nowiki>, uNassau, no-<nowiki><i>Oranje</i></nowiki> ngokomshwilelamuva. <ref name="capetown" />  Amagama alezinqaba asetshenziswe njengamagama emigwaqo ezindaweni ezidlaveleni ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa ikakhulukazi eKapa, njenge''Stellenberg'' , eBellville . [[File:Kasteel_de_Goede_Hoop_circa_1680.jpg|thumb| Umdwebo womuzinqaba yeThembalihle ngowe-1680]] Ngowe-1682 ubungeno obudala bafakalelwa ngobungeno obunesango, olwalubheke olwandle. Umbhoshongo wensimbi, obekwe phezu kobungeno obukhulu, wakhiwa ngowe-1684—insimbi yokuqala enqenqezayo, endala kunazo zonke eNingizimu Afrika, yenziwa e [[I-Amsterdami|-Amsterdam]] ngowe-1697 ngumenzi wensimbi wase -East-Frisian [[:fy:Claude Fremy|uClaude Fremy]], futhi inesisindo esingaphezu {{Convert|300|kg}} . Yayisetshenziselwa ukumemezela isikhathi, kanye nokuxwayisa izakhamuzi uma kwenzeka ingozi, njengoba yayingazwakala kude ngamakhilomitha ayi-10. Yayishaywa nalapho kunomhlangano wezakhamuzi namagumgedlela lapho kudingeka kwenziwe izimemezelo ezibalulekile. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the Castle of Good Hope|url=http://www.cape-town.org/ShowSite.asp?SecId=1&MemId=142|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911180927/http://www.cape-town.org/ShowSite.asp?SecId=1&MemId=142|archive-date=11 September 2011|accessdate=2010-09-08}}</ref> Umbhali waseFrance uFrançois-Timoléon de Choisy wayeyingxenye yeqembu elahlinzekwa kabusha ngempahla enqabeni ngoJuni 1685 lapho libheke [[IThailande|eSiam]], futhi wachaza lesi sakhiwo kanje:<blockquote>"Inqaba iyakhanga kakhulu. Imishaba yakhiwe yizindlu ezimbozwe ngotshani, kodwa zihlanzekile futhi zimhlophe kangangokuthi uyazi ukuthi ezamaDashi. Kukhona isivande esibekwe yiNkampani ; Ngingathanda ukuba sibe sekhoneni eVersailles. Kufika empelamehlo kukhona izindawo zezihlahla zezintshungwa nemihleke, izivande zemifino, ama-espalier, nezihlahla ezincane, konke kugcwele imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile..." {{Sfn|de Choisy|1993}}</blockquote>Ngesikhathi ehlala lapha, u-de Choisy wahlangana noKhomishana-Jikelele waseDashi kanye nompetha waseFrance ogama lakhe lingu -de Saint-Martin, kuyilapho amanye amalungu eqembu ayezingela endaweni " izinyoni, izinyamazane zama-roe namajuba ". UKhomishana-Jikelele wengeza izingulube ezincane ezincelayo kanye newayini okuvela [[Iziqhingi iKhaneli|eziQhingini zaseCanary]] ekudleni kwazo, okubonisa ukuthi zingakanani impahla abayigcinayo. {{Sfn|de Choisy|1993}} u-de Choisy waphawula ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, imikhumbi engaphezu kwama-25 ye''Dutch East India Company'' yayima minyaka yonke eKapa ukuze ithathe ukudla kwezimvu, iwayini, izithelo nemifino. {{Sfn|de Choisy|1993}} Le nqaba yayinesonto, indlu yokubhaka, imikhando ahlukahlukene, izindawo zokuhlala, izitolo, izitokisi, phakathi kwezinye izindawo. Umbheco ophuzi odongeni wakhethwa ekuqaleni ngoba wawunciphisa umthelela wokushisa nelanga. Udonga, olwakhiwe ukuvikela izakhamuzi uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, luhlukanisa igceke elingaphakathi, eliphinde libe nesigungelo iDe Kat, eyaklanywa nguLouis Michel Thibault ngemifanekiso eqoshiwe ka- Anton Anreith . Esokuqala sakhiwa ngowe-1695, kodwa sakhiwa kabusha ngesimo saso samanje phakathi kuka-1786 no-1790. Kusukela esigungelweni, kwenziwa izimemezelo kumagumgedlela, izigqila kanye ''nabantu'' baseKapa. Isigungelo siholela eqoqweni likaWilliam Fehr lemidwebo kanye nefenisha yasendulo.   Iqoqo liphethwe ySigcinamagugu IZiko saseNingizimu Afrika . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Governance|url=https://www.iziko.org.za/governance/|accessdate=12 November 2024|website=Iziko Museums}}</ref> Ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili YamaBhunu (1899-1902), ingxenye yenqaba yayisetshenziswa njengejele, kanti izitokisi zangaphambili zisekhona nanamuhla. UFritz Joubert Duquesne, kamuva owaziwa njengendoda ''eyabulala uKitchener'' kanye nomholi weziNcondi zikaDuquesne, wayengomunye wezakhamuzi ezaziwa kakhulu. Izindonga zenqaba zaziziningi kakhulu, kodwa ubusuku ngabunye, uDuquesne wayemba usimende ozungeze amatshe ngesipuni sensimbi. Wacishe wabaleka ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa itshe elikhulu lashelela lamfaka emhumeni wakhe. Ngakusasa ekuseni, unogada wamthola equlekile kodwa ephila. <ref name="chances">{{Cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |date=1944 |title=Taking Chances |publisher=Haynes Corp |isbn=1-879356-32-5 |location=Los Angeles, California |page=293}}</ref> Ngowe-1936, uMuzinqaba wamenyezelwa njengesikhumbuzo somlando (kusukela ngowe-1969 waziwa njengesikhumbuzo sikazwelonke futhi kusukela mhla zilu-1 kuMbasa 2000 yaba [[Isiza sefagugu sesifundazwe|yisiza sefagugu lesifundazwe]] ), indawo yokuqala eNingizimu Afrika eyavikelwa. Ukulungiswa okukhulu kwaqedwa ngawo-1980, okwenza uMuzinqaba waba yisibonelo esilondolozwe kahle kakhulu senqaba yeDutch East India Company. <ref name="places" /> [[File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_key_ceremony.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Umcimbi oyinhloko weCastle of Good Hope]] Inqaba yayisebenza njengendlunkulu yendawo [[Ibutho laseningizimu afrika|yeButho laseNingizimu Afrika]] [[INtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]], futhi namuhla ineSigcinamagugu Somuzinqaba Wezempi kanye nezindawo zemikhosi yamabutho aseKapa endabuko . UMuzinqaba futhi uyikhaya le''Cape Town Highlanders Regiment'', uphiko lamagumgedlela ahamba ngezinyawo asebenzisa izinguxa. Abalindi boMuzinqaba uphiko olwasungulwa ngowe-1986. Ekuqaleni kwakuluphiko lamadoda angama-48, kodwa ubungako balo bahlukahluka eminyakeni eyalandela. == Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla == UMuzinqaba manje usivulekele izihambeli. Ngehora le-10 ekuseni njalo phakathi nesonto, abalindi beMuzinqaba bavula ngokusemthethweni umuzinqaba ukuze izihambeli zingene ngokwenza "uMkhosi Oyinhloko", umcikilisho osekelwe ekuzilolongeni kwasekuseni kwangempela kweminyaka engama-300 eyedlule. Phakathi neminyaka yawo-2000, [[Castle Control Board|iBhodi Lokulawula UMuzinqaba]] lasebenzisa kakhulu amagceke enqaba, izinkundla, nezindawo zemicimbi yenqaba ukuba sisetshenziswe njengezindawo zemicimbi yangasese, imicimbi yamasiko, nemikhosi yomculo, ngenhloso yokugaya imali eyengeziwe yokugcinwa nokulondolozwa kwalesiza somlando. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Venues|url=http://www.capetowncastle.co.za/venues/index.html|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=Castle of Good Hope|archive-date=7 September 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260907102250/http://www.capetowncastle.co.za/venues/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cape Town saw an influx in visitors over the holiday season|url=https://novanews.co.za/peoplespost/cape-town-saw-an-influx-in-visitors-over-the-holiday-season-20240123/|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=People's Post}}</ref> Ngawo-2020, umuzinqaba wawusubambe imicimbi eminingana yomculo wesimanje, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi komculo [[Umculo wohlobo lwe-Eletronic Dance|womdanso we-elekthronikhi]] kanye nezigcawu zomculo wase-Afrika. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-AfrofestSA (2023), umkhosi wokugubha umculo namasiko ase-Afrika; <ref>{{Cite web|title=AfrofestSA Music & Lifestyle Festival|url=https://www.quicket.co.za/events/216326-afrofestsa-music-lifestyle-festival/|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=Quicket}}</ref> uMkhosi wobuciko waseKapa (2023), ewawune-DJ waseNingizimu Afrika uReady D phakathi kwabaculi bayo; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival: A Free Hive of Creativity|url=https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news/item/3833-festival-a-free-hive-of-creativity|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=South African Human Rights Commission}}</ref> kanye ''neYalla Valhalla'' (2024), umkhosi womculo we-elekthronikhi owawuhlelwe u-DJ wase-Israel kanye nomkhiqizi uDino Ben Tovim, owawune-DJ yaseJalimane uDirty Doering njengomculi ohamba phambili. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dirty Doering Headlines Yalla Valhalla 2024 at the Iconic Castle of Good Hope|url=https://festival101.co.za/dirty-doering-headlines-yalla-valhalla-2024-at-the-iconic-castle-of-good-hope/|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=Festival101}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Berlin's Tech Scene Finds a Home in Cape Town|url=https://sifted.eu/articles/berlin-tech-scene-cape-town|accessdate=12 July 2026|website=Sifted}}</ref> == ISigcinamagugu sefagugu saseKapa == ISigcinamagugu Sefagugu saseKapa sitholakala ngaphakathi koMuzinqaba weThembalihle yomlando eNingizimu Afrika, iqondiswa uMnu. Igshaan Higgins. Lesi sigcinamagugu sinikeza ngelando elihlanganisa wonke umuntu ngomlando waseNingizimu Afrika, siqokomisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene efana namaKhoi, amaSan, namaDashi, ngezikhathi ezahlukene okuhlanganisa ubukoloni kanye nobandlululo. Ihlose ukunikeza umbono olinganiselayo ngefagugu elihlukahlukene lesizwe kanye nesikhathi esidlule esiyinkimbinkimbi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Slave Heritage Museum {{!}} An unedited history of South Africa|url=https://slaveheritagemuseum.org/|accessdate=2024-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Explorer|first=Museum|date=2023-02-20|title=Cape Heritage Museum|url=https://museumexplorer.co.za/cape-heritage-museum/|accessdate=2024-03-12|website=Museum Explorer SA|language=en-US}}</ref> == Izimpawu == Ngaphambi kokuba umuzinqaba ozingonibhozo ufakelwe ngowezi-2003, isimo sawo sasisetshenziswa njengophawu kumabhayi [[UMbutho kaZwelonke wezokuVikela waseNingizimu Afrika|oMbutho Wezempi waseNingizimu Afrika]], sakha isisekelo sezimpawu ezithile zoqhiqu oluphezulu kolomsengi, futhi sasisetshenziswa ezindizeni zoMbutho wezempi waseMoyeni waseNingizimu Afrika.<gallery> File:Ensign_of_the_South_African_National_Defence_Force_(1994–2003).svg|alt=The South African Defence Force Ensign from 1994 to 2003| Uphawu loMbutho wezokuvikela waseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngowe-1994 kuya kowe-2003 File:Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa_(1981–1994).svg|alt=Naval ensign of South Africa prior to 1994, showing the castle insignia| Uphawu lwezasemanzini laseNingizimu Afrika ngaphambi kowe-1994, esibonisa uphawu lwenqaba File:Roundel_of_South_Africa_(1982–2003).svg|alt=Roundel of the South African Air Force from 1982 to 2003| Indingiliza yeMbutho wempi yaseMoyeni yaseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngowe-1982 kuya kowezi-2003 </gallery> == Izithombe == <gallery> File:Kasteel_van_Goede_Hoop_binnenkant_hoofdingang.JPG|alt=Inner view of the entrance| Umbono wangaphakathi wobungeno File:South_Africa_Cape_Town_Castle_Flags.jpg|alt=The six historical flags that have flown over the Cape, in chronological order from right to left: the Prince's Flag, the flag of Great Britain, the Batavian flag, the flag of the United Kingdom, the old South African flag, and the current South African flag| Amabhayi ayisithupha omlando aphephezela phezu kweKapa. File:Pediment_above_enterance_to_CT_Castle.jpg|alt=Pediment above entrance to castle.| I-Pediment ngaphezu kobungeno bomuzinqaba. File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town_02.jpg|alt=Entrance of main building| Umnyango wesakhiwo esikhulu File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town_04.jpg|alt=A cannon in the castle| inganono yomuzinqaba File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_model_of_the_castle_in_1710-90.jpg|alt=A model of the castle as it would have appeared between 1710 and 1790.| unongo lomuzinqaba njengoba wawibonakala phakathi kuka-1710 no-1790. File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(5).jpg|alt= File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_2014_5.jpg|alt=The courtyard with the main entrance on the left| Igceke elinobungeno obukhulu ngakwesobunxele File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_museum.jpg|alt=The old museum| Isigcinamagugu esidala File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(7).jpg|alt=The main entrance from inside the Castle| Ubungeno obukhulu obungaphakathi komuzinqaba File:Castle_of_Good_Hope,_2014.jpg|alt=The Castle is surrounded by a canal| Umuzinqaba uzungezwe umsele File:Lady_Anne_Barnard's_bath_at_the_Castle_of_Good_Hope,_Cape_Town.jpg|alt=Lady Anne Barnard fountain| Umthombo kaLady Anne Barnard File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_-_lion_4.jpg|alt=Lion| Ibhubesi File:9_2_018_0056-The_Castle_Inside-Cape_Town-s.jpg|alt=The fountain inside the Castle| Umthombo ongaphakathi komuziqaba File:Castle_of_Good_Hope_(11).jpg|alt=The Lady of the Cape of Good Hope Sculpture| INkosikazi Yesifanekiso SeCape of Good Hope </gallery> == Amaphatho == [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] c3r4e8ufnr3z8f383l5nagt90da3nfg 0 35194 129224 128393 2026-09-20T00:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I-Boschendal''' (isiDashi: bush and dale) ingenye yezindawo ezindala zewayini eNingizimu Afrika futhi itholakala phakathi kweFranschhoek neStellenbosch eNingizimu Afrika eNtshonalanga Kapa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-08-14|title=Welcome To Boschendal|url=https://boschendal.com/|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2026-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260902191010/https://boschendal.com/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> '''I-Huguenot Origins''' Amatayitela epulazi angonyaka we-1685. Umnikazi wokuqala wale ndawo, uJean le Long, wayengomunye wababaleki abangama-200 baseFrench Huguenot ababebalekela ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo eYurophu. Wanikezwa indawo esekapa kwi Good Hope yiNkampani yaseDashi phezulu ne Indiya ngo-1688 futhi itayitelwa labhalwa ngonyaka ka 1975 leli pulazi latholwa omunye umHuguenot. U Abraham De Villiers owalithemgisela umfowabo u Jakhusi ngonyaka wango-1717. Umndeni wakwa Deviiliers walima i Bhosheli kwaze kwaba unyaka ka- 1871, Ngo-1812 uPaul de Villiers nomkakhe , u-Anna Susanna Louw. ==Aamphatho== {{reflist}} [[Category:Https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/westerncape/boschendal-wine-estate/]] 226wjy84kxxkhgh4hmrrfin71bl3yum 0 35241 129232 128655 2026-09-20T01:52:42Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist|<ref>{{Cite web |first=Joy|last=Mphande |title=New year, new ride! Nkosazana Daughter gets a fresh set of wheels |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-01-14-new-year-new-ride-nkosazana-daughter-gets-a-fresh-set-of-wheels/ |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref>|name=Nkosazana Daughter|image=Nkosazana Daughter at SXSW 2025 02.jpg|birth_name=Nkosazana Nolwazi Kimberly Nzama|birth_date={{birth date and age|2000|10|06|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Durban]], [[Kwa-Zulu Natal]], South Africa}}'''UNkosazana Nolwazi Kimberly Nzama''' (owazalwa ziyisi-6 kuMfumfu ngonyaka ka-2000), owaziwa ngelikaNkosazana '''Daughter''', ungumculi [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|waseNingizimu Afrika]] nombhali wezingoma. UNzama uthole ukuqashelwa ezweni lonke ngemuva kokukhipha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala enezingoma ezingu-14 eyayinabaculi abadumile njengoDJ [[DJ Maphorisa|Maphorisa]], [[uMakhadzi]], uMaster KG, [[Kabza De Small|uKabza de Small]], uTyler ICU, uMajor League DJz, uYoung Jonn, kanye noChronical Deep, nabanye.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 October 2022|title=DJ Zinhle and hubby Murdah Bongz tease new single featuring Nkosazana Daughter|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/dj-zinhle-and-hubby-murdah-bongz-tease-new-single-featuring-nkosazana-daughter-bb01916c-e979-40ca-9fb4-cbd855e4cceb|website=iol}}</ref> Usebenzisane noMaster KG noLowsheen ku-"Sofa Silahlane", eyakhishwa ngomhlaka-12 Nhlaba 2022. Ingoma ifinyelele kunombolo 1 kuma-Apple's Local iTunes Charts.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Ngo-Mbasa 2022, ividiyo yomculo ethi 'Dali Nguwe' equkethe uMaster KG yafinyelela ekubukweni abantu abangu-3 million emavikini amathathu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Master KG 's 'Dali Nguwe' video reaches 3m views in just three weeks|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2022-04-17-master-kg-s-dali-nguwe-video-reaches-3m-views-in-just-three-weeks/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Do you expect KFC to taste like Nando's?' Master KG on claims his beats sound the same|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2022-08-22-do-you-expect-kfc-to-taste-like-nandos-master-kg-on-claims-his-beats-sound-the-same/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> NgoNhlangulana 2023, i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yesitudiyo yakhululwa<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ngenyane|first=Andiswa|title=Nkosazana Daughter is UNSTOPPABLE!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/amapiano-artist-nkosazana-daughter-has-a-new-album-uthingo-lwe-nkosazana-20230711|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndlovu|first=Nelly|date=24 June 2023|title=Nkosazana Daughter Emotional After Her Debut Album Hit Top 3|url=https://news365.co.za/nkosazana-daughter-emotional/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=News365.co.za|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|date=30 June 2023|title=Apple Music's latest Africa Rising recipient is Amapiano singer-songwriter, Nkosazana Daughter|url=https://texxandthecity.com/2023/06/apple-musics-latest-africa-rising-recipient-is-amapiano-singer-songwriter-nkosazana-daughter/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Texx and the City|language=en-US}}</ref> futhi yabekwa kunombolo-34 kuma-albhamu aphezulu e -Spotify,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 July 2022|title=Spotify headlines artists dominating charts|url=https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/spotify-headlines-artists-dominating-charts-11169edd-0e85-4a97-a081-3e85aaa4d720|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> futhi yakhishwa endaweni yesi-3 eNingizimu Afrika.  Useke wadlala [[IMalawi|eMalawi]],<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Kalumbi|first=Mike|date=3 December 2022|title=Nkosazana Daughter arrives in Malawi Malawi 24 {{!}} Latest News from Malawi|url=https://malawi24.com/2022/12/03/nkosazana-daughter-arrives-in-malawi/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Malawi 24|language=en-US}}</ref> [[IZimbabwe|eZimbabwe]],<ref name=":7" /> [[IMozambiki|eMozambique]], e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningana. == Ingemuva == === Isiqalo sokuphila === UNzama wazalwa ngomhlaka-6 Okthoba ngonyaka ka-2000 eThekwini, [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]] .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adeaga|first=Favour|date=1 May 2023|title=Nkosazana Daughter's real name, age, parents, songs, net worth|url=https://briefly.co.za/facts-lifehacks/celebrities-biographies/132545-nkosazana-daughters-real-age-parents-career-education-profiles-net-worth/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Briefly|language=en}}</ref> UNzama uthole ukuhlonishwa ngemuva kokukhipha izingoma ezithi Izitha, Umama Akekho, Sbindi Uyabulala nezinye eziningi.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Import|first=Pongrass|date=9 September 2023|title='Amapiano helped me' – Nkosazana Daughter|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/middelburg-observer/lifestyle/2023/09/09/amapiano-helped-me-nkosazana-daughter-reveals/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Middelburg Observer|language=en-US|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105070824/https://www.citizen.co.za/middelburg-observer/lifestyle/2023/09/09/amapiano-helped-me-nkosazana-daughter-reveals/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>https://www.chronicle.co.zw/all-set-for-nkosazana-daughter-gig/ </ref><ref>https://www.chronicle.co.zw/all-set-for-nkosazana-daughter-gig/ </ref> Uvele ezingomeni ezidumile ezifana nezithi "Dali Nguwe", kanye nethi "Ebusuku". Usebenzisane nabaculi abaningi bama-piano<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Magazine|first=Blazon|date=29 May 2023|title=Mr Eazi Drops Album With Ami Faku, Anatii, Nkosazana Daughter, Focalistic & More|url=https://www.blazonmagazine.co.za/mr-eazi-drops-album-with-ami-faku-anatii-nkosazana-daughter-focalistic-more/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Blazon Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> okubalwa kubo uMpura, uKabza De Small, uHeavy K,<ref>UNkosazana Nolwazi Kimberly Nzama (wazalwa ngo-6 Okthoba 2000), owaziwa ngokomsebenzi ngokuthi uNkosazana Daughter, ungumculi nomlobi wezingoma waseNingizimu Afrika. U-Nzama wathola ukuqashelwa emazweni wonke emva kokuthi ekhishile i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala enezingoma eziyi-14 eyayihlanganisa abaculi abakhonjwayo abafana no-DJ Maphorisa, Makhadzi, Master KG, Kabza de Small, Tyler ICU, Major League DJz, Young Jonn, no-Chronical Deep, nabanye. Uxhumane no-Master KG no-Lowsheen ku-'Sofa Silahlane', eye yakhululwa ngo-12 Meyi 2022. Ingoma leyo yafinyelela esikhundleni sokuqala ku-Apple's Local iTunes Charts. Ngomhlaka-April 2022, ividiyo yomculo ye-'Dali Nguwe' ebonisa u-Master KG yafinyelela ukubukwa okungaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu emasontweni amathathu. NgoJuni 2023, i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yase-studio yakhululwa futhi yafinyelela isikhundla sesi-34 ku-Spotify Top albums, futhi yaqala endaweni yesithathu eNingizimu Afrika. Useke wayacula eMalawi, eZimbabwe, eMozambique, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. </ref> uMaster KG noDJ Maphorisa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|title=LISTEN : 'Amapiano helped me find my voice' — Nkosazana Daughter reflects on her career|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-08-28-listen--amapiano-helped-me-find-my-voice--nkosazana-daughter-reflects-on-her-career/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=14 July 2023|title=Watch South Africa's Nkosazana Daughter, Master KG, and Lowsheen's video 'Ring Ring Ring' – GRUNGECAKE™|url=https://grungecake.com/nkosazana-daughter-master-kg-lowsheen-ring-ring-ring/articles/101366|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=grungecake.com|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zuma|first=Mbalenhle|date=30 March 2022|title=Fast-rising amapiano vocalist Nkosazana Daughter recovering in hospital|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/shwashwi/celebrity-news/fast-rising-amapiano-vocalist-nkosazana-daughter-recovering-in-hospital/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=1 December 2022|title=Kabza de Small remains big on Spotify charts|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/culture/2022-12-01-kabza-de-small-remains-big-on-spotify-charts/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=8 July 2023|title=Nkosazana Daughter jets in for Gwanda Sow|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nkosazana-daughter-jets-in-for-gwanda-show/|website=chronicle.co.zw}}</ref> UNzama waqala umculo esemncane futhi wangena embonini yomculo ojwayelekile lapho aqala ukusebenza noDJ Prince Kaybee kanye noGoldmax abavela eqenjini lomculo [[Distruction Boyz|i-Distruction Boyz]] .<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nkosazana-daughter-performs-for-30-minutes/}}</ref> Ngemuva kokuxhumana noDJ Maphorisa kanye noMpura ku-Instagram, umsebenzi kaNzama womculo waqala ukuvelela. Ngesikhathi exoxa bukhoma nenkampani yezindaba iTshisaLIVE, uNzama wathi umculo ungenye yezinto ezimhlanyisayo.<ref name=":0" /> Ngaphandle komculo, uphinde wabambisana noLuxe Homme,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nkosazana Daughter announces luxury bag venture|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-03-05-nkosazana-daughter-announces-luxury-bag-venture/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> inkampani yomkhiqizo wobukhazikhazi eyenziwe ngezandla eNingizimu Afrika.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|date=5 March 2023|title=Nkosazana Daughter announces luxury bag venture|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-03-05-nkosazana-daughter-announces-luxury-bag-venture/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Wabelane ngeqoqo elinophawu lwe-ND (isifinyezo se-Nkosazana Daughter) ekhasini lakhe lika-Instagram.<ref name=":1" /> Ngasekupheleni kukaNhlangulana 2023, wamenyezelwa njengomamukeli we-Africa Rising yi-Apple Music.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Apple Music Announces Nkosazana Daughter As Its Newest Africa Rising Recipient|url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/24791/apple-music-announces-nkosazana-daughter-as-its-newest-africa-rising-recipient/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=slikouronlife.co.za|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105065322/https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/24791/apple-music-announces-nkosazana-daughter-as-its-newest-africa-rising-recipient/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|last=Adebiyi|first=Adeayo|date=11 August 2023|title=Apple Music dedicates August to celebrate the women changing Amapiano|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/music/apple-music-dedicates-august-to-celebrate-the-women-of-amapiano/5r819wf|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=Pulselive Kenya|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105065324/https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/music/apple-music-dedicates-august-to-celebrate-the-women-of-amapiano/5r819wf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2023|title=All Set for Nkosazana Daughter|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/all-set-for-nkosazana-daughter-gig/|website=chronicle.co.zw}}</ref> NgoZibandlela 2022, waya eMalawi<ref name=":6" /> futhi wabelana ngesiteji nomculi ovelele waseMalawi, uLucius Banda, okwenzeka eLilongwe Golf Club .<ref name=":6" /> Abanye abaculi abasekelayo kwakunguNamadingo, iBlack Missionaries, uBilly Kaunda, nabanye.<ref name=":6" /> I-"Makhelwane" noMaster KG yakhishwa ngomhlaka-17 kuLwezi 2023 njengengoma ehamba phambili ye-albhamu. NgoNtulikazi 2024, u-Nkosazana Daughter kanye noMaster KG bamemezela i-albhamu yabo yesitudiyo yokubambisana ''ethi Makhelwane'' .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shinga|first=Cebolethu|date=19 July 2024|title=Nkosazana Daughter and Master KG are set to release a joint album 'Makhelwane'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/nkosazana-daughter-and-master-kg-are-set-to-release-a-joint-album-makhelwane-5933878d-8a89-4321-b576-ec930ddfdc35|accessdate=21 July 2024|website=Independent Online}}</ref> I-albhamu yakhishwa ngomhlaka-30 Ncwaba 2024.<ref name="online">{{Cite web|last=Shinga|first=Cebolethu|date=30 August 2024|title=Master KG and Nkosazana Daughter's new album ‘Makhelwane’ takes the music industry by storm|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/master-kg-and-nkosazana-daughters-new-album-makhelwane-takes-the-music-industry-by-storm-a513e820-4e52-46d8-b53a-8ef3907cb93e|accessdate=31 August 2024|website=Independent Online}}</ref> ''UMakhelwane'' wathola isitifiketi segolide eNingizimu Afrika ngokusakazwa okungaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku lwakhe lokuqala, kwaba yi-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ukwenza kanjalo.<ref name="online" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gaanakgomo |first=Constance |date=1 September 2024 |title=Nkosazana Daughter and Wanitwa Mos explore new sounds in joint album 'Makhelwane' |url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/nkosazana-daughter-and-wanitwa-mos-explore-new-sounds-in-joint-album-makhelwane-20240901-2 |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 September 2024 |publisher=News24 |location=South Africa |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Izincomo == * Umamukeli we-Africa Rising yi- Apple Music<ref name=":2" /><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nkosazana Daughter, Amapiano Singer-Songwriter, named Apple Music's Newest Africa Rising Artist|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=BusinessGhana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Eric|date=30 June 2023|title=Nkosazana Daughter Emerges Latest Apple Music Africa Rising Recipient - TheBoss Newspaper|url=https://thebossnewspapers.com/2023/06/30/nkosazana-daughter-emerges-latest-apple-music-africa-rising-recipient/,%20https://thebossnewspapers.com/2023/06/30/nkosazana-daughter-emerges-latest-apple-music-africa-rising-recipient/|accessdate=26 November 2023|language=en-US}}</ref> == I-Discography == === Ama-albhamu esitudiyo === * ''Into Le Nkosazana'' (2023) === Ama-albhamu okubambisana === * ''UMakhelwane'' (2024) === Njengomculi oholayo === === Njengomculi ovelele === == Impumelelo == === Imiklomelo Yezokuzijabulisa Yase-Afrika e-USA === <templatestyles src="Template:Awards table/styles.css" /> === I-Basadi kuma-Music Awards === === Imiklomelo Yezimpaphe === === Imiklomelo Yomculo Womdanso waseNingizimu Afrika === == Impilo yomuntu siqu == UNzama wake wathandana nomculi uSir Trill, ngokusho kweZiMoja. NgoZibandlela 2022, kwabikwa ukuthi laba bobabili bamukela umntwana omusha.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=New year, new ride! Nkosazana Daughter gets a fresh set of wheels|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2023-01-14-new-year-new-ride-nkosazana-daughter-gets-a-fresh-set-of-wheels/|accessdate=5 November 2023|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Seemela|first=Molebogeng|date=10 October 2023|title="That baby must be hella cute": SA reacts to Trill and Nkosazana sharing a child|url=https://briefly.co.za/entertainment/celebrities/170807-sa-reacts-news-nkosazana-daughter-sir-trill-baby/|accessdate=26 November 2023|website=Briefly|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukotekwa|first=Leeroy|date=17 November 2023|title=Master KG and Nkosazana Daughter spark dating rumours [photos]|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/local-celebs/master-kg-and-nkosazana-daughter-spark-dating-rumours-breaking-17-november-2023/|accessdate=26 November 2023|website=The South African|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Imithombo == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Category:Abantu amaZulu]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Abaculi baseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] mltngdppgb0gxxoae3fodmwqvfeca7y 0 35243 129234 128618 2026-09-20T02:11:01Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129234 wikitext text/x-wiki I-Pietermaritzburg Girls' High School (GHS) iyisikole esizimele, samantombazane kuphela, esisedolobheni lase-Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika. == Umlando == Isikole sasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-1920 kusithabathaba somndeni e-Morningside, ekhaya lika-Peter no-Mary davis. Ngonyaka wezi-1925, i-Morningside yaba isikhungo sokuhlala abafundi. Isakhiwo esikhulu sesikole, esakhiwa ngesitayela sika Mnu. Herbet Baker, sesiyisikhumbuzo sikaZwelonke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://www.ghspmb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=18&Itemid=127|url-status=live|accessdate=2 March 2019|website=www.ghspmb.co.za|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043149/http://www.ghspmb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=18&Itemid=127|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Abafundi Abavelele == * U-Judy Ditchfield, umlingisi * U-Kathleen D. Gordon-Gray, isazi sezitshalo, umqoqi wezitshalo nomfundisi * U-Thusó Mbedu, umlingisi == Imithombo yolwazi == miy2bz956utvfif3x6li0glkk37wunu 0 35259 129248 128682 2026-09-20T04:41:43Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Musical style */ 129248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *[[Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas)]] *[[Abafana Bakwa Dladla]] *[[Abafana bakaMqgumeni]] *[[Abaka Mnyandu]] *[[Ama-AK47]] *[[Amabayeni Amahle]] *[[Amageza Amahle]] *[[Amashayina Amahle]] *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *[[Amatshitshi Amhlophe]] *[[Bhekumuzi Luthuli]] *[[Bheki Khoza]] *[[Bhoja Bhoja]] *[[Bonakele]] *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *[[David Jenkins (Qadasi)]] *[[Ichwane LeBhaca]] *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *[[Ithwas Lami]] *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *[[Mpukane]] *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *[[Njencane Ngubane]] *[[Nomkelemane Langa]] *[[Ofeleba]] *[[Osaziwayo]] *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *[[Qadasi]] *[[Phuzushukela]] *[[Sbongiseni Ntombela]] *[[S'gwebo Sentambo]] *[[Shabalala Rhythm]] *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *[[Tholakele Malunga]] *[[Qalindaba]] *[[Uboneni]] *[[Umbuzeni]] *[[UMjolisi]] *[[Zanefa Ngidi]] *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] lcoblll51eq0v10tp0xa4739ow5c15q 129250 129248 2026-09-20T04:47:28Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Imvelaphi */ 129250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwase[[KwaZulu-Natali|Natali]], ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini <ref name="labour"/><ref name="amasu"/>. Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[Umbhaqanaga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' <ref name="amasu"/>. Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no [[Sipho Mchunu]]. Abaculi abafana no[[Mgqashiyo Ndlovu]], [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], [[Thwalofu]], [[Phuzekhemisi]], [[Hashi Elimhlophe]] nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala kwi-[[Uxhakaxholo|intanethi]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *[[Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas)]] *[[Abafana Bakwa Dladla]] *[[Abafana bakaMqgumeni]] *[[Abaka Mnyandu]] *[[Ama-AK47]] *[[Amabayeni Amahle]] *[[Amageza Amahle]] *[[Amashayina Amahle]] *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *[[Amatshitshi Amhlophe]] *[[Bhekumuzi Luthuli]] *[[Bheki Khoza]] *[[Bhoja Bhoja]] *[[Bonakele]] *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *[[David Jenkins (Qadasi)]] *[[Ichwane LeBhaca]] *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *[[Ithwas Lami]] *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *[[Mpukane]] *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *[[Njencane Ngubane]] *[[Nomkelemane Langa]] *[[Ofeleba]] *[[Osaziwayo]] *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *[[Qadasi]] *[[Phuzushukela]] *[[Sbongiseni Ntombela]] *[[S'gwebo Sentambo]] *[[Shabalala Rhythm]] *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *[[Tholakele Malunga]] *[[Qalindaba]] *[[Uboneni]] *[[Umbuzeni]] *[[UMjolisi]] *[[Zanefa Ngidi]] *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] j192l5mo1wkkfyb7f2w82pzu17p8fvm 129254 129250 2026-09-20T07:00:03Z Fongcwele 16873 129254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwase[[KwaZulu-Natali|Natali]], ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini <ref name="labour"/><ref name="amasu"/>. Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[Umbhaqanaga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' <ref name="amasu"/>. Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no [[Sipho Mchunu]]. Abaculi abafana no[[Mgqashiyo Ndlovu]], [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], [[Thwalofu]], [[Phuzekhemisi]], [[Hashi Elimhlophe]] nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala kwi-[[Uxhakaxholo|intanethi]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo <ref name="hashi"/>. Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka <ref name="mroza">{{cite web |author=ANA Reporter | url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/van-damme-wins-sabc-song-of-the-year-7327918 | title='Van Damme' wins SABC's Song of the Year | location=Durban |date=4 Masingana 2017 | accesdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref>. ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *[[Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas)]] *[[Abafana Bakwa Dladla]] *[[Abafana bakaMqgumeni]] *[[Abaka Mnyandu]] *[[Ama-AK47]] *[[Amabayeni Amahle]] *[[Amageza Amahle]] *[[Amashayina Amahle]] *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *[[Amatshitshi Amhlophe]] *[[Bhekumuzi Luthuli]] *[[Bheki Khoza]] *[[Bhoja Bhoja]] *[[Bonakele]] *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *[[David Jenkins (Qadasi)]] *[[Ichwane LeBhaca]] *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *[[Ithwas Lami]] *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *[[Mpukane]] *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *[[Njencane Ngubane]] *[[Nomkelemane Langa]] *[[Ofeleba]] *[[Osaziwayo]] *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *[[Qadasi]] *[[Phuzushukela]] *[[Sbongiseni Ntombela]] *[[S'gwebo Sentambo]] *[[Shabalala Rhythm]] *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *[[Tholakele Malunga]] *[[Qalindaba]] *[[Uboneni]] *[[Umbuzeni]] *[[UMjolisi]] *[[Zanefa Ngidi]] *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] to3c6bw7bihac6abr8lzl2qa0d50kow 129255 129254 2026-09-20T07:06:18Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile */ 129255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwase[[KwaZulu-Natali|Natali]], ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini <ref name="labour"/><ref name="amasu"/>. Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[UMbaqanga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' <ref name="amasu"/>. Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no Sipho Mchunu. Abaculi abafana noMgqashiyo Ndlovu, [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], Thwalofu, [[Phuzekhemisi]], Hashi Elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala kwi-[[Uxhakaxholo|intanethi]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo <ref name="hashi"/>. Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka <ref name="mroza">{{cite web |author=ANA Reporter | url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/van-damme-wins-sabc-song-of-the-year-7327918 | title='Van Damme' wins SABC's Song of the Year | location=Durban |date=4 Masingana 2017 | accesdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref>. ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas) *Abafana Bakwa Dladla *Abafana bakaMqgumeni *Abaka Mnyandu *Ama-AK47 *Amabayeni Amahle *Amageza Amahle *Amashayina Amahle *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *Amatshitshi Amhlophe *Bhekumuzi Luthuli *Bheki Khoza *Bhoja Bhoja *Bonakele *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *David Jenkins (Qadasi) *Ichwane LeBhaca *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *Ithwas Lami *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *Mpukane *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *Njencane Ngubane *Nomkelemane Langa *[[Ofeleba]] *Osaziwayo *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *Qadasi *[[Phuzushukela]] *Sbongiseni Ntombela *S'gwebo Sentambo *Shabalala Rhythm *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *Tholakele Malunga *Qalindaba *Uboneni *Umbuzeni *[[UMjolisi]] *Zanefa Ngidi *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] a9kzqtsgp8btdrf573tuke88ip6eopo 129258 129255 2026-09-20T07:23:05Z Fongcwele 16873 129258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Maskandi | other_names = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[marabi]]|Inkondlo eqhogoywayo|Umculo wesintu wesiZulu|[[talking blues]]}} | cultural_origins = 1920s - 1930s [[South Africa]]([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) and [[Rhodesia]] | instruments = {{hlist|[[finger pick]]|Inkositina|Ivayolin|ukuhlabelela|Isitweletwele|Isiginxi somyamuko| izigubhu}} | other_topics = {{hlist|[[mbube (genre)|mbube]]|[[Zulu music]]|[[isicathamiya]]}} }} '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwase[[KwaZulu-Natali|Natali]], ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini <ref name="labour"/><ref name="amasu"/>. Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[UMbaqanga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' <ref name="amasu"/>. Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no Sipho Mchunu. Abaculi abafana noMgqashiyo Ndlovu, [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], Thwalofu, [[Phuzekhemisi]], Hashi Elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala kwi-[[Uxhakaxholo|intanethi]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo <ref name="hashi"/>. Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka <ref name="mroza">{{cite web |author=ANA Reporter | url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/van-damme-wins-sabc-song-of-the-year-7327918 | title='Van Damme' wins SABC's Song of the Year | location=Durban |date=4 Masingana 2017 | accesdate=22 Nhlolanja 2019 }}</ref>. ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas) *Abafana Bakwa Dladla *Abafana bakaMqgumeni *Abaka Mnyandu *Ama-AK47 *Amabayeni Amahle *Amageza Amahle *Amashayina Amahle *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *Amatshitshi Amhlophe *Bhekumuzi Luthuli *Bheki Khoza *Bhoja Bhoja *Bonakele *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *David Jenkins (Qadasi) *Ichwane LeBhaca *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *Ithwas Lami *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *Mpukane *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *Njencane Ngubane *Nomkelemane Langa *[[Ofeleba]] *Osaziwayo *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *Qadasi *[[Phuzushukela]] *Sbongiseni Ntombela *S'gwebo Sentambo *Shabalala Rhythm *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *Tholakele Malunga *Qalindaba *Uboneni *Umbuzeni *[[UMjolisi]] *Zanefa Ngidi *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] qkp74ar7x5qwz88wwsf5ulbxvniwleq 129259 129258 2026-09-20T07:30:42Z Fongcwele 16873 129259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Maskandi | other_names = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[marabi]]|Inkondlo eqhogoywayo|Umculo wesintu wesiZulu|[[talking blues]]}} | cultural_origins = 1920s - 1930s [[South Africa]]([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) and [[Rhodesia]] | instruments = {{hlist|[[finger pick]]|Inkositina|Ivayolin|ukuhlabelela|Isitweletwele|Isiginxi somyamuko| izigubhu}} | other_topics = {{hlist|[[mbube (genre)|mbube]]|[[Zulu music]]|[[isicathamiya]]}} }} '''UMaskandi''' <ref name=":0" /> uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwaseNatali, ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini . Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="amasu"/><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[UMbaqanga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' . Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no Sipho Mchunu. Abaculi abafana noMgqashiyo Ndlovu, [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], Thwalofu, [[Phuzekhemisi]], Hashi Elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala [[Uxhakaxholo|kuxhakaxholo]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo <ref name="hashi"/>. Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka . ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas) *Abafana Bakwa Dladla *Abafana bakaMqgumeni *Abaka Mnyandu *Ama-AK47 *Amabayeni Amahle *Amageza Amahle *Amashayina Amahle *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *Amatshitshi Amhlophe *Bhekumuzi Luthuli *Bheki Khoza *Bhoja Bhoja *Bonakele *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *David Jenkins (Qadasi) *Ichwane LeBhaca *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *Ithwas Lami *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *Mpukane *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *Njencane Ngubane *Nomkelemane Langa *[[Ofeleba]] *Osaziwayo *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *Qadasi *[[Phuzushukela]] *Sbongiseni Ntombela *S'gwebo Sentambo *Shabalala Rhythm *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *Tholakele Malunga *Qalindaba *Uboneni *Umbuzeni *[[UMjolisi]] *Zanefa Ngidi *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] mnm4xnwow7dwntgmo3dx54hfxn0f61t 129260 129259 2026-09-20T07:33:53Z Fongcwele 16873 129260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Maskandi | other_names = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[marabi]]|Inkondlo eqhogoywayo|Umculo wesintu wesiZulu|[[talking blues]]}} | cultural_origins = 1920s - 1930s [[South Africa]]([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) and [[Rhodesia]] | instruments = {{hlist|[[finger pick]]|Inkositina|Ivayolin|ukuhlabelela|Isitweletwele|Isiginxi somyamuko| izigubhu}} | other_topics = {{hlist|[[mbube (genre)|mbube]]|[[Zulu music]]|[[isicathamiya]]}} }} '''UMaskandi''' uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwaseNatali, ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini . Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[UMbaqanga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' . Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no Sipho Mchunu. Abaculi abafana noMgqashiyo Ndlovu, [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], Thwalofu, [[Phuzekhemisi]], Hashi Elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala [[Uxhakaxholo|kuxhakaxholo]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo . Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka . ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas) *Abafana Bakwa Dladla *Abafana bakaMqgumeni *Abaka Mnyandu *Ama-AK47 *Amabayeni Amahle *Amageza Amahle *Amashayina Amahle *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *Amatshitshi Amhlophe *Bhekumuzi Luthuli *Bheki Khoza *Bhoja Bhoja *Bonakele *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *David Jenkins (Qadasi) *Ichwane LeBhaca *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *Ithwas Lami *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *Mpukane *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *Njencane Ngubane *Nomkelemane Langa *[[Ofeleba]] *Osaziwayo *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *Qadasi *[[Phuzushukela]] *Sbongiseni Ntombela *S'gwebo Sentambo *Shabalala Rhythm *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *Tholakele Malunga *Qalindaba *Uboneni *Umbuzeni *[[UMjolisi]] *Zanefa Ngidi *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] su8qw4zdw03mq5kn7qnv6swpp0tu3wa 129261 129260 2026-09-20T07:34:34Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile */ 129261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Maskandi | other_names = | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[marabi]]|Inkondlo eqhogoywayo|Umculo wesintu wesiZulu|[[talking blues]]}} | cultural_origins = 1920s - 1930s [[South Africa]]([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) and [[Rhodesia]] | instruments = {{hlist|[[finger pick]]|Inkositina|Ivayolin|ukuhlabelela|Isitweletwele|Isiginxi somyamuko| izigubhu}} | other_topics = {{hlist|[[mbube (genre)|mbube]]|[[Zulu music]]|[[isicathamiya]]}} }} '''UMaskandi''' uhlobo lomculo womdabuwamaZulu, ekuqaleni owawuhlobene nezisebenzi ezifudukayo, oguquka nomphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ingqalabitho yawo nguPhuzushukela (uJohn Bhengu).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Digital News |first=SABC |author-link=SABC News |date=20 March 2019 |title=Maskandi artists ask govt to turn Phuzushukela's home into museum |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329153834/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/maskandi-artists-ask-govt-to-turn-phuzushukelas-home-into-museum/ |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=SABC News}}</ref> Ngokuvamile ubonakala ngokushaywa kwesiginxi okuyindlela enamathonya ahlukahlukene angokomlando futhi unomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwezenhlalo njengoba abaculi bavunyelwe ukugxeka obala abantu abanamandla. ==Imvelaphi== Lo mculo wavela emculweni kaMakhweyana oculwa abesifazane besebenzisa iselwa elinomuci owodwa onkenenzayo, owaguqulwa ngokomyamuko ngokusebenzisa isiginxi.<ref>[https://pan-african-music.com/en/busi-mhlongo-south-africa-urban-punk-king/ Busi Mhlongo, South Africa's urban punk king], Nombuso Mathibela, ''Pan-African Music'', 16 March 2022</ref> Umthombo womculo namuhla obizwa umaskandi usemculweni owawuswele isiginxi weminyakashumo eqala ngowe-1920, nowagudlukela ekushayeni isiginxi ezweni laseRhodesiya ngeminyakashumi eliqala ngowe-1930, ngeqembu labaculi elathola ugqozi emculweni wezingqayi zaseNtshona.<ref>[https://www.capetalk.co.za/index.php/articles/251219/maskandi-101 Maskandi 101], ''Cape Talk'', Mmakgomo Tshetlo, 5 April 2017</ref> Kamuva wathuthukiswa abasebenza abafudukayo eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/9089731/ETM_57_2_Titus.pdf Walking like a crab': Analyzing maskanda music in post-apartheid South Africa], Barbara Titus, ''Ethnomusicology'', 2013</ref> ==Umlando== AmaZulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma. Ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo, kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu, izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi. AmaZulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye-1880 lapho kwakufika khona ama[[AmaPutukezi|Putukezi]] osebeni lwaseNatali, ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zaseNtshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amaZulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi-50s. Ngokubuka umlando waseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama-Afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi. Abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali, lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini . Ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona ama[[AmaBhunu|Bhunu]] ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci. Lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amaZulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesiZulu. NamZulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo, nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi uMaskandi <ref name="blog">{{cite web | author=Traditionsl Music South Africa | url=https://www.traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | title=Traditional South African Zulu Music | date=7 Nhlolanja 2013 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 | archive-date=2021-01-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014642/https://traditionalmusicsouthafrica.blogspot.com/2013/06/maskandi-zulu-music.html?m=1 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="shwi">{{cite web |author=Afro Pop Worldwide |url=http://www.afropop.org/articles/what-is-maskanda |title=What is Maskanda |location=EGoli| date=14 Mfumfu 2007 | accessdate=15 Nhlolanja 2019}}</ref>. Kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo. OMasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela, emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi. OMaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho, okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali <ref name="huff">{{cite web | author=Gumede Bongiwe | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/bongiwe-gumede/telling-tales-through-maskandi_a_21875009/ | title=How Maskandi Continuesto Tell Our Tales | date=08 Ndasa 2017 | accessdate=14 Nhlolanja 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. UMaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu John Bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaPhuzushukela Bhengu, lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yeTheku. UJohjn Bhengu wafika eGoli ngeminyaka yezi-1950s wahlangana nomenzi womculo [[UMbaqanga|wombhaqanga]] waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi, ''Ilanga Libalele''' . Nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamaZulu, okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo. ===1980s=== Omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo. Ngeminyaka yezi-80s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i-[[Juluka]] nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi, yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye-1970s. Leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no-afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo, okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. IJuluka yabe lakhiwe ngu[[Johnny Clegg]] kanye no Sipho Mchunu. Abaculi abafana noMgqashiyo Ndlovu, [[Mfaz'Omnyama]], Thwalofu, [[Phuzekhemisi]], Hashi Elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi. U[[Busi Mhlongo]], Indlovukazi kaMaskandi, waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo, umculo kaBusi Mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo. [[Ihashi Elimhlophe]] naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka, yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi-1970s ngeminyaka yezi-1980s wabe eskhiphe ama-alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa. ===1990s=== Ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eNingizimu Afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe. Abaculi abafana noPhuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame, beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali. Iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi [[Izingane Zoma]] nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka, umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi, okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje. Ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame, iNingizimu Afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko. Umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi. Abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo. Lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo. ===2000s=== Umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude. Ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala. Iqembu lomculo u[[Shwi noMuntekhala]]..Omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala Umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni, Thokozani Langa, Mtshengiseni, Igcokama Elisha, Jaiva Zimnike, Amageza Amahle nabanye abaningi.Indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo, uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni. Amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala [[Uxhakaxholo|kuxhakaxholo]], banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi. Omasikandi kudala abaningi babengahambisani nezemfashini, uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo. Omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo, ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka. Abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi. Lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo, ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko . ==Ubulili== Lo mculo uchaziswe ngokuthi "Umculo owenziwa abesilisa abasekuhambeni, ososiginxi besimanje, ama-troubadour anamuhla. Umculo wendoda ehamba amabanga made ukuyoqomisa umakoti wayo, noma ukuyohlangana nenkosi yayo; insiza yezokuthutha. Umculo wendoda eculela ngahlanganene ngakho empilweni, ukuthokoza kwakhe nosizi lwakhe lwansuku zonke, ngakho konke akubonayo zweni. Umculo wendoda enesigqi soku a umZulu."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|title=ETHEKWINI ONLINE: The official site of Durban, South Africa - Zulu Contemporary|date=March 8, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308043608/http://www.durban.gov.za/eThekwini/Tourism_and_Leisure/the_arts/music/zulucontemporary|archive-date=2005-03-08}}</ref> Namuhla, akusewona owamadoda kuphela, njengoba sekwavela abaculi abadumile besifazane njengo- [[Busi Mhlongo]], owaba nabalandeli kulomculo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolsi |first=Niren |author-link=Mail & Guardian |date=15 May 2006 |title=Mhlongo Maskandi |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019000423/https://mg.co.za/friday/2006-05-05-mhlongo-maskandi/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=8 April 2024 |work=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> ==Izinsimbi zomculo nenkambiso== UMaskandi ngokuvamile udlalwa ngezinsimbi ezingabizi ezisebenzisekayo, noma ezanamuhla noma ezikwazi ukulingisa isigqi sezinsimbi zakudala. Ngokwenkambiso, umculi kaMasikandi wayeba neculo elilodwa, elide eliguquka nendaba yakhe ayilandisayo. Namuhla, sekunamacwecwe anamaculo ayimizila eli-10 kuya kweli-14, amanye ayeqeyo imizuzu emithathu. Nakuba kunezinhlobo zikaMasikandi, ukuhkangana kwezinsimbi kuhlezi lifana kuzo zonke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabomu ukuze umculo unlike kweminye. Lapho ulalela uMaskandi, izinsimbi ezizwakalyo zihkanganisa lezi: * "Inkostina" (Ngokuvamile ''concertina'' enamaqhosha angama-20 yamaNgisi, enomvuno G/C edlalwa ngokwendlela kaMaskandi). Iphutha elenziwa abaningi ukuthi bahlonze inkostina bethi yi''accordion''. Ngokuvamile accordion iitholakala emculweni wabeSuthu, futhi inkulu ngobungako kuneNkositina futhi inomsindo ophezulu. * "Isiginxi somyamuko". Kuwo wonke amaqembu kaMaskandi kushaywa isiginxi somyamuko sihlatshwa ngesigqi esiyingayizivele. Isiginxi siphinde kube yisoba esihola iqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zonke, futhi kumele zihambisane naso, zivume kanye naso. Ngokuvamile, isithupha nomkhothi iyona minwe esebenza kakhulu lapho kudlalwa uMasikandi njengoba kubikwa ukuthi indlela yokudla lomculo idinga ubuchule ngoba inzima kumshayi siginxi. Ezweni eziningi, umshayi siginxi kuMaskandi luvame ukuba umculi ophambili weqembu. * "Isiginxi sembodlongo", noma "isiginxi seBhesi". Siyingxenye yeculo likaMaskandi njengoba Umculo kaMasikandi uncike nasebichuoeni bomsindo wezinsimbi zembodlongo. Lesi siginxi sidlalwa ngendlela esheshayo nangamandla kodwa sikhipha umsindo omnandi Uma sishaywa ngemizwelo nangomuzwa okahle. * Uqwembe lwezinsimbi/isihlanganisi * Izigubhi * "Abavumayo" noma abavumi, okuvame ukuba amagidangoma, bayisici eaibalulekile kumculo oaMasikandi, futhi awuphelele Uma bengekho. Ngenxa yokuthi uMasikandi umculo wemizwa nothinta umuntu, abavumi umsebenzi wabo ukwendlalela umuzwa wengoma, ingakho kuthiwa "bauvuma ingoma". ==Musical style== A traditional Maskandi song is distinguished by an instrumental flourish ("izihlabo"), typically played on the acoustic guitar or the [[concertina]], that sets the tone at the beginning of each song. Izihlabo are also an introduction of sorts, and serve the purpose of allowing the guitarist to showcase/show off their level of skill by capturing the listeners' attention. Given that traditional Maskandi guitarists tune their guitars differently, listening to izihlabo also provides a way for the listener to tell with certainty the identity of the guitarist/band. Izihlabo are typically rapidly played notes, that do not necessarily make up a melody or explicit rhythm. Playing izihlabo can also be likened to an actor getting into character.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In a Maskandi song, there will typically be rapidly spoken sections of Zulu praise poetry, called "izibongo". The content is not always praise, though, and with pop, house and other influences colouring Maskandi, it has become more about the storytelling ethic and the modern migrant culture, than simply about the musical style. Another key element of Maskandi music is the lead singer's natural personality. In Maskandi music, it is not uncommon for songs to "sound the same", yet the music consumption does not necessarily decrease. Fundamentally Maskandi is about telling stories and providing a window to the lead singer's soul. It is largely about the message carried in the songs and music, and this is why it is considered the same as listening to soul or blues music.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Early 2000s there was a new artist introduced called Mtshengiseni Gcwensa (late) who started music with his friend Mgqumeni Khumalo (late). They both introduced many styles in this industry which made upcoming artists look up to them.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Composer [[Darius Brubeck]] described the maskandi as "a performer of neo-traditional Zulu instrumental music. Etymologically the word derives from the Afrikaans musikante (musicians). KwaZulu Natal, a province of South Africa where I have lived and worked for the past decade, is home to literally thousands of 'Maskandis', who have developed a rich musical repertoire employing a special style of guitar playing."<ref>SAMRO ([[Southern African Music Rights Organisation]]) SCORES: Darius Brubeck-The Maskanda: 1992: {{ISBN|0869645870}}</ref> ==Izindondo== Umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseNingizimu Afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi-''South African Music Awards (SAMA)'', uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo. Uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo . Yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. Umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i-''South African Traditional Music Achievment Awrds (SATMA Awards)'' ubanjwa minyaka yonke. Kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amaNtshontsho kaMasikandi Awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi. Lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi. ==Ukugqama eNingizimu Afrika== Ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we-2017 kwaqopheka umlando, ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi. Ukuhlukana konyaka we-1-6 sekungena owe-1-7 kwangenwa ngengoma ethi ''Siyobulal' uVan Dammne'' eculwa ngu[[Mroza Mkhathazi]]. Lo nyaka (2017) abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi. Lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseNingizimu Afrika, nababengawunakile bawunaka . ==Abaculi baMaskandi abagqamile== *Abafana be mbongolo(Mpondozembongolo,Inkunz'emhlophe no Mavelas) *Abafana Bakwa Dladla *Abafana bakaMqgumeni *Abaka Mnyandu *Ama-AK47 *Amabayeni Amahle *Amageza Amahle *Amashayina Amahle *[[Igcokama Elisha]] *Amatshitshi Amhlophe *Bhekumuzi Luthuli *Bheki Khoza *Bhoja Bhoja *Bonakele *[[Busi Mhlongo]] *David Jenkins (Qadasi) *Ichwane LeBhaca *[[Ihhash'Elimhlophe]] *[[Ikhansela]] *[[Imithente]] *[[Inkunzi Emdaka]] *Ithwas Lami *[[Izingane Zoma]] *[[Khuzani Mpungose]] *[[Madlanduna Luthuli]] *[[Mfaz' Omnyama]] *[[Mfiliseni Magubane]] *[[Mgqumeni]] *[[Mjikijelwa]] *Mpukane *[[Mtshengiseni Gcwensa]] *Njencane Ngubane *Nomkelemane Langa *[[Ofeleba]] *Osaziwayo *[[Phuzekhemisi]] *Qadasi *[[Phuzushukela]] *Sbongiseni Ntombela *S'gwebo Sentambo *Shabalala Rhythm *[[Shophi Ngidi]] *[[Shwi No Mtekhala]] *[[Thokozani Langa]] *Tholakele Malunga *Qalindaba *Uboneni *Umbuzeni *[[UMjolisi]] *Zanefa Ngidi *[[Mthandeni SK "Igcokama Elisha" Manqele]] *[[Inkosi Yamagcokama]] *[[UGatsheni]] == Amaphatho == b5c268f7wq2eeiftz9mez8c4uo8sk6r 0 35304 129175 129157 2026-09-19T12:23:59Z Fongcwele 16873 129175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Mbaqanga | stylistic_origins = [[Marabi]], [[kwela]] | cultural_origins = Early 1960s, South Africa | derivatives = [[Jaiva|Township Jive]] | subgenres = | fusiongenres = | regional_scenes = | other_topics = }} [[File:Umbaqanga in Ditema tsa Dinoko script.png|thumb|Umbaqanga ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] '''UMbaqanga''' uhlobo [[Umculo|lomculo]] waseNingizimu Afrika owavela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ezindaweni zodukathole, ikakhulukazi eGoli. Ugqobe izinkambiso zezinhlanga ezihlukene zomculo, ezihlanganisa ezamaZulu, amaXhosa, abeSuthu, amaPedi, namaTsonga. UMbaqanga uxuba imivumo yamaphimbo aseNingizimu Afrika omdabu, izindlela zokusina ezithonywe imarabi, [[Kwela|ikwela]] nomculo waseNtshona onesibinge ofana neJazz, osaqhubeka nokuthonya abaculi baseNingizimu Afrika nabasembulungeni yonke. ==uMlando== Ngolimi lweZulu, igama elithi ''mbaqanga'' lisho idokwe elishubile lommbila. Abenzi ''boMbaqanga'' kwakuluquqaba olithanda Umculo we-jazz yomdabu. Iningi labo lalingavinyelwe ukuzenzela igama esidlaveleni, kodwa babekwazi ukuzondla lapho besamakhaya. ''UMbaqanga'' wawubanika uhlobo lomculo olubondla ngokomoya; babewuthatha "njengesinkwa sangemihla somculo."<ref name=autogenerated1>Coplan, David B. "Sounds of the 'Third Way:' Identity and the African Renaissance in Contemporary South African Popular Traditional Music" ''Black Music Research Journal.'' Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring 2001). pp. 107–124.</ref> Abaculi boMbaqanga babethola imali encane. Ngokwesibonelo, [[Mahlathini|uMahlathini" Nkabinde]], omunye wabaculi boMbaqanga owaziwayo, owayebizwa ngembodlomane yaseSoweto, wadlula emhlabeni ehlwempu.<ref>[http://www.sowetan.co.za/szones/sowetanNEW/news/news1163132909.asp Sowetan.co.za] {{dead link|date=November 2014}}</ref> Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuxhashazwa kwabaculi abansundi kuleli naphesheya. Amaqembu ombaqanga eshumiminyaka lama-1960 ayekuthola kunzima ukuba umculo wawo udlalwe emisakazweni yasendaweni,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvispelvis.com/simonmahlathini.htm#obit|title=Simon Mahlathini Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musicians Directory|publisher=Elvispelvis.com|access-date=29 November 2014|archive-date=14 September 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000914183924/http://www.elvispelvis.com/simonmahlathini.htm#obit}}</ref> njengoba kwakudingeka ukuba ayoqhogoya ngaphandle kwezitolo ezidayisa umculo ukuze bahehe izihlwele. UMbaqanga waqala eNingizimu Afrika ezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala ngeshumiminyaka lowe-1960. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zomculo zasentshona, kwavumela ukuba umbaqanga ube uhlobo lomculo wejazz waseNingizimu Afrika. Umsindo wezinsimbi zombaqanga uxuba ukudlalwa kwezinsimbi kwasentshona nokucula kwaseNingizimu Afrika. Izazi zombaqanga eziningi zithatha lo mculo njengokuxutshwa komculo iMarabi [[Kwela|neKwela]]. Isizindalwebu saseNingizimu Afrika zezivakashi sithi umbaqanga "uhlaka olujikelezayo lwemarabi . . . olunenhlese yolaza lwaseMelika ngaphezulu." UMbaqanga wawuhlinzeka ngesidlangala sokuhlangana kwabansundu nabamhlophe ezweni elibuswa ngobandlululo. Ngenxa yalokho, "uhulumeni wobuzwe obumhlophe wayiqeda nya lenkathi" ngokudiliza izizinda ezisekelea umbaqanga ezifana nenxuluma i[[Sophiatown]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/culture/922565.htm |title=South Africa's official gateway – investment, travel, country information |publisher=Southafrica.info |access-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20061128085829/http%3A//www%2Esouthafrica%2Einfo/ess_info/sa_glance/culture/922565%2Ehtm |archive-date=28 November 2006 }}</ref> Le nkobo yomculo yaphenduka isibunge ngenxa yokudlalwa emsakazweni Yenhlangano Yokusakaza yaseNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi bokuqala bahlanganisa [[Miriam Makeba|uMarriam Makeba]], uDolly Rathebe [[Letta Mbulu|benoLetta Mbulu]]. UMbaqanga waqhubeka uyisibunge kwaze kwaba ngowe-1980 lapho indawo yawo yathathwa umculo omusha othandwayo we-bubblegum. IBubblegum yona kwakungumculo uthonywe kakhulu ngumbaqanga. Elinye lamaqembu ombaqanga elisekhona libizwa The Cool Crooners. Leliqembu lihlanganisa ukubumbana kwamaqembu amabili ayengamaqhwemalala agcina esehlangene: Iqembu elibizwa The Cool Four neqembu elibizwa The Golden Delicious Rhythm Crooners.<ref name="Mhlambi">{{cite web|author=Mhlambi, Thokozani|title='Kwaitofabulous': The Study of a South African urban genre|publisher=Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa|volume=1|pages=116–127|date=2004|url=http://kaganof.com/kagablog/2006/09/14/the-kwaito-story-penny-lebyane-interview/|access-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310090142/http://kaganof.com/kagablog/2006/09/14/the-kwaito-story-penny-lebyane-interview/|archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref><ref>Martin, Lydia. "1950s Township Jazz or Mbaqanga." 12 April 2007.</ref> ===Ukwakheka kwawo=== Maphakathi neshumiminyaka lowe-1950, Umculo womdabu waseNingizimu Afrika wawuguquka futhi waduma kakhulu ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu abahlala eziflaveleni. I dawo eyayikhethekile kwakulinxuluma laseSophiatown, eduze neGoli, okwakuyindawo enesikompilo labansundu elichumayo. ISophiatown kanye nenxuluma laseAlexandra kwakuyizindawo lapho abantu abansundi ababezibusa kuzo futhi bekwazi nokuba nempahla yabo. Ukuba seduze kwayo nenkaba yeGoli kwenza iSophiatown ihehe abaculi abafuna ukuzo thingstha amathuba amasha kwezomculo. Le ndawo yaba ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni isiko lezomculo labansundu. Kodwa kwathi lapho abahlali baseSophiatown besuswa ngenkani beyiswa emanxulumeni amasha afana ne[[Soweto]], kude nenkaba yaseGoli, kwashi ukuphela kwenkathi yentuthuko. Omunye wabacandululi bakuqala boMbaqanga kwakuyiqembu elizwa Makgona Tsohle Band, elalinamalunga ayisihlanu asebenza endaweni yasePitoli – uMarks Mankwane (wesiginxi esinswininzayo), uJoseph Makwela (wesiginxi esyimbodlongo), uVivian Ngubane (wesiginxi sesgqi), uLucky Monama (wezigubhu) noWest Nkosi (wesifuthwa). UMbaqanga, wawuxu e umculo imarabi nomculo ikwela. Umjikelezo wemarabi wawuhambisana nokusina kwesintu okufana nendlamu. Indlamu iyona iuagxina yenza ukuba kusinwe ngokugqigqa, okwakuvusa using a kolalele futhi kumenza naye agqigqe ngokubambisana nesigqi. URupert Bopape, wahuha inkampani Enkulu yonculo ebizwa Gallo Record Company ukuba angazikwazi ukuphathwa bonke abaculi, futhi wabahlanganisa bonke kusuka kuMakgona Tsohle Band Kiya kuMahlathini nemizwilili yaMahotella Queens. Lokhu kwalekelela ukuba umbaqanga ube yisibunge ngempela– ikakhulukazi umbaqanga oculwayo (kamuva owateketiswa ngokuthi isimanje-manje noma umgqashiyo). Ngaphezu kukaMahlathini naMahotella Queens, abanye abaculi abafana [[Miriam Makeba|noMarriam Makeba]], Dolly Rathebe noLetta Mbulu (bonke ababecula kuMarabi) bazidalela abalandeli abaningi, njengoba kwenza neqembu elibizwa Dark City Sisters kanye ne Soul Brothers. Abanye abaculi bombaqanga bahlanganisa uSimon Baba Mokoena<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarockdigest.com/archives/issue_200.txt|format=TXT|title= SA ROCK DIGEST ISSUE #200|publisher=Sarockdigest.com|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> noWest Nkosi, owaphuma eqenjini lamaMakgona Tsohle Band ngowe-1990 ukuze azimele ngokwakhe ngempumeleli kwaze kwaba sekushoneni kwakhe ngowe-1998. ===Isibunge samazwe omhlaba=== [[File:9.500 metros de carrera y un concierto homenajean a Mandela (02).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Iqembu a[[Mahotella Queens]], lithwetshulwe ngowezi-2017, laba nempumelelo emazweni omhlaba futhi landisa umculo wombaqanga kuwo.]] Isibunge sombaqanga sabuna kwishumiminyaka lowe-1970 ngenxa ywthonya lemculo odumile waseNtshona, Umculo wesoul nomculo wedisco eNingizimu Afrika. Abaculi boMbaqanga babengasibizwa emgidini ukuzoqhogoya ngenxa yokuthi imisebenzi ezingabafuduki zazingasafuni ukuba sematheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlwele zazifuna ulimi lwasenalokishini, amaphimbo wakhona, nezindlela zakhona zokushaya izinsimbi. Kodwa, lomculo wavuselelwa phakathi kowe-1983 nowe- 1986. Lokhu kwabangwa igalelo likaPaul Simon lapho efaka nomculo waseNingizimu Afrika ecwecweni lakhe elithi ''Graceland'' ngowe-1986 olwalandelwa umjikelezo. UMahlathini kanye neMahotella Queens lapho bevela emikhosini eyayiseFulansi nangomgudi wosuku lokuzalwa lowama-70 likaNelson Mandela eNkundleni yaseWembley, ela Dani ngowe-1988 (bekanye noJonny Clegg) balhuza obuya endeni. Abaculi abamhlophe abathonywa indima yombaqanga bahlanganisa umbhali wezingoma nomculi uRobin Auld. Umshayi wegqumugqumu womculo wesibhunu omkantshubomvu uNico Carstens, wakhiqiza iculo elithi ''boereqanga'' nelinye elashisa izikhotha elithi ''Viva Madiba''. UMbaqanga wagcina uthathelwa indawo Umculo omusha ochachazayo ezidlaveleni obizwa 'bubblegum' neshumiminyaka lowe-1980. Lo mculo omusha, iBubblegum wawuthonywe umbaqanga ngokuyinhloko nezinye izinhlobo zomculo waseAfrika. Lapho kungeniswa umabonakude ngowe-1976, lo mculo waqhakanjiswa kuzo zonke izinhlanga ezweni.<ref name="Mhlambi"/> Into ephawulekayo ngalo mculo omusha ukuthi wawuveza ukufudukela emculweni wesimanje kusuka emculweni womdabu, futhi waba nabaculi abaningi abaphumelelayo, abahlanganisa, uChico Twala, Yvonne Chaka Chaka [[Brenda Fassie|noBrenda Fassie]]. Ukufudukela kombaqanga ube yi kwaba nonthelela omkhulu ekuveleni komculo obizwa ikwaito. Basasekhona abaculi bombaqanga abasaqopha kuze kube namuhla, abahlanganisa amaqembu iMahotella Queens neSoul Brothers. UMbaqanga osaqhubeka nokuba nethonya kuba culi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, iqembu laseNorway elibizwa Real Ones, lineculo elithi "''All the Way Back (Shades of Mbaqanga)''", ecwecweni lalo lowezi 2003 elinesihlokosiqu esithi ''This is Camping''. ==Uhlu lwabaculi bombaqanga== * Makgona Tsohle Band * Mahlathini and the Mahottela Queens * Soul Brothers * The Cool Four * [[Miriam Makeba]] * [[Dolly Rathebe]]  * [[Letta Mbulu]]  * Dark City Sisters * Simon Baba Mokoena * West Nkosi ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Umculo]] [[Category:Umculo womdabu]] [[Category:Umculo waseNingizimu Afrika]] d80rysysgdsvqcjqbxlp5kqqjqednr6 0 35313 129225 128893 2026-09-20T00:47:00Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UFreddy Gwala''' ungumculi was[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]] owazalelwa [[Soweto|ISoweto]], eGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomculi eSoweto. Wasungula i-Zumba, uhlobo lomculo waseNingizimu Afrika, ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.<ref name="Manjeya">{{Cite web|last=Manjeya|first=Yamkeleka|title=Musical legend Freddie Gwala teams up with Lindough to reimagine fan-favourite song|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/musical-legend-freddie-gwala-teams-up-with-lindough-to-reimagine-fan-favourite-song-20231027|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=City Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bambalele|first=Patience|title=Music legend Gwala credits his success, longevity to his love for the people|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2023-05-19-music-legend-gwala-credits-his-success-longevity-to-his-love-for-the-people/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=8 October 2023|title=Freddy Gwala To Launch New Album In Bulawayo - News Report Zimbabwe|url=https://newsreportzim.com/freddy-gwala-to-launch-new-album-in-bulawayo/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=News Report Zimbabwe - News That Matters|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115133643/https://newsreportzim.com/freddy-gwala-to-launch-new-album-in-bulawayo/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2023-05-10|title=The legendary Freddie Gwala makes a comeback to reignite Zumba music|url=https://tzaneenvoice.co.za/the-legendary-freddie-gwala-makes-a-comeback-to-reignite-zumba-music/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=Tzaneen Voice|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115203359/https://tzaneenvoice.co.za/the-legendary-freddie-gwala-makes-a-comeback-to-reignite-zumba-music/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waqala umsebenzi wakhe womculo nabafowabo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gift Gwala was a composer of note|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2011-03-25-gift-gwala-was-a-composer-of-note/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> ngonyaka we-1973 ngemuva kokwakha iqembu elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Pure Gold. Uphinde wasungula elinye iqembu elibizwa ngePlatform One. Uphinde wafaka isandla kuma-albhamu abaculi abahlukahlukene abanjengoBrenda Fassie nabanye abaculi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Freddie Gwala sends solidarity message to Highlanders|url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-234459.html}}</ref><ref name="Manjeya" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Freddie Gwala - Shikisha Mahala (CD)|url=https://www.loot.co.za/product/shikisha-mahala/fwvd-571-ga10|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=www.loot.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/vusa-mkhaya-releases-bosso-song-with-freddy-gwala/|accessdate=30 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=halexaxination|date=2023-11-02|title=HBK Live Act & Freddy Gwala - Amadamara - Download Audio Mp3 UMKULO|url=https://umkulo.tinamagazine.com/hbk-live-act-freddy-gwala-amadamara/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=UMKULO: Amapiano/Hip Hop/House - South Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115203134/https://umkulo.tinamagazine.com/hbk-live-act-freddy-gwala-amadamara/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Catch Up [STUDIO]: Freddy Gwala - #The Drive Connection|url=https://omny.fm/shows/the-drive-connection/the-catch-up-studio-freddy-gwala|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=omny.fm|language=en}}</ref> Ngo-October 2023, uGwala wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe ye-19, ''I-iparole'', [[Bulawayo, Zimbabwe|IBulawayo]], [[IZimbabwe|Izimbabwe]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/south-african-artiste-freddy-amadamara-gwala-lands-in-bulawayo-for-show/|accessdate=30 March 2024|archive-date=12 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012185927/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/south-african-artiste-freddy-amadamara-gwala-lands-in-bulawayo-for-show/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2023|title=Freddy Gwala To Launch Album In Zim – ZimEye|url=https://www.zimeye.net/2023/10/08/freddy-gwala-to-launch-album-in-zim/|accessdate=2023-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwe-albhamu, wavakashela iVictoria Falls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/freddy-gwala-to-visit-victoria-falls/|accessdate=30 March 2024}}</ref> Ezinye zezingoma zakhe ezithandwayo yi- "Amadamara", "Tshidi S'khelekhele", "Matshidiso" ne- "Ngiboshiwe".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Import|first=Pongrass|date=2019-04-21|title=AwonMnyuzik makes music with veteran musician|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/southern-courier/160802/awonmnyuzik-makes-music-with-veteran-musician/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=Southern Courier|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/freddie-gwala-to-launch-album-in-zimbabwe/|accessdate=30 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=says|first=Rhona|date=2023-06-02|title=Bubble gum music legend Freddy Gwala finally gets recognition in South Africa –after a long time of being ignored - CityLife Arts|url=https://citylifearts.co.za/bubble-gum-music-legend-freddy-gwala-finally-gets-recognition-in-south-africa-after-a-long-time-of-being-ignored/|accessdate=2023-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref> UGwala wazalwa ngo-6 October 1961 [[Soweto|eSoweto]], eGoli. Waziwa ngokwakha uhlobo lwe- "Zumba" lomculo wase-Afrika, okuyinhlanganisela yomculo we-soul ne-disco. Enye yezingoma zakhe ezithandwayo zalolu hlobo yi- "Amadamara". UGwala wachitha iminyaka eyishumi ejele ngenxa yokweba izimoto ngawo-1980.<ref>{{Cite web|last=DUBE|first=AARON|title=Freddie Gwala - I used to steal cars!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/freddie-gwala-i-used-to-steal-cars-20230223|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Watshela iphephandaba i-Daily Sun ukuthi umculo wasindisa ukuphila kwakhe nokuthi akasafuni ukwenza ubugebengu ngoba ijele liyizihogo. Udala ama-albhamu ayshumi nesishiyagalombili kusukela ngonyaka we-1990, lapho ekhipha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala, enesihloko esithi ''I-Amadamara''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Freddy Gwala to launch album in Zimbabwe &#124; ZBC NEWS|url=https://www.zbcnews.co.zw/?p=15218}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ngo-2023, uGwala wadingiswa ngemuva kokufika esikhumulweni sezindiza saseJoshua Mqabuko Nkomo eZimbabwe ngaphandle kwemvume yokusebenza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Radio|first=Nehanda|date=2012-12-04|title=Freddy Gwala deported from Zimbabwe|url=https://nehandaradio.com/2012/12/04/freddy-gwala-deported-from-zimbabwe/|accessdate=2023-11-15|website=Nehanda Radio|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chronicle - Breaking news|url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/i-was-afraid-id-be-deported-again/|accessdate=30 March 2024|archive-date=19 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119112602/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/i-was-afraid-id-be-deported-again/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ngo-2010 futhi, kwakufanele adlale e-Ibumba Festival eBulawayo kodwa wenqatshwa ngenxa yokungabi nemvume yokusebenza. ==Amaphatho== {{reflist}} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1958]] [[Category:Abantu amaZulu]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] lkg43bwek2crilnxd16mi5m4h59x08v 0 35327 129216 128905 2026-09-19T18:17:38Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|name=Testudinidae|fossil_range={{Fossil range|Eocene|Recent}}|image=A. gigantea Aldabra Giant Tortoise.jpg|image_caption=[[Aldabra giant tortoise]]<br />(''Aldabrachelys gigantea'')|taxon=Testudinidae|authority=[[August Batsch|Batsch]], 1788|type_genus=''[[Testudo (genus)|Testudo]]''|type_genus_authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]|subdivision_ranks=Subgroups|subdivision=}} '''Izimfudu''' ziyiz[[Isihuquzi|ilwane ezihuquzelayo]] ezinogobolondo oluqinile, zingamalungu omndeni we Testudinidae..<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harris|first=Samantha|date=|title=How Strong Is A Tortoise Shell?|url=https://www.tortoiseknowledge.com/how-strong-is-a-tortoise-shell/|accessdate=23 January 2023|website=Tortoise Knowledge|language=en-US}}</ref> Izimfudu zingahlukahluka ngobukhulu nezinye izinhlobo, njenge Galápagos giant tortoise, ikhula ibe ngaphezu kwamamitha angu 1.2 (3.9 ft) ubude, kuyilapho ezinye njenge Cape spotted tortoise zinamagobolondo anobude obungamamitha angu 6.8 kuphela (2.7) ubude.<ref>{{Cite book |year=2017 |title=encyclopedia of LIFE |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse_u6n9 |publisher=Miles Kelly |isbn=978-1-78617-327-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli0000unse_u6n9/page/211 211]}}</ref> Izinhlu eziningana zezimfudu ziye zaziphendukela ngokuzimela ngobukhulu bomzimba obukhulu kakhulu obungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu 100 (220 lb) , kufaka phakathi i Galapagos giant tortoise ne Aldabra giant tortortoise. Ngokuvamile ziyizilwane eziphila emini futhi zithambekele ekushoneni kwelanga kuye ngezinga lokushisa lendawo. Ngokuvamile ziyizilwane ezizihlukanisile. Izimfudu ziyizilwane zasendle eziphila isikhathi eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yize izinhlobo zezimfudu eziphila isikhathi esiphakeme kunazo zonke ziyindaba yempikiswano. Izimfudu zaseGalapagos ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150, kodwa izimfudu ezinkulu zase Aldabra ezibizwa ngokuthi i Adwaita kungenzeka ukuthi ziphile iminyaka elinganiselwa ku 255. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo eziningi zezimfudu zingaphila iminyaka engu 80 kuye kwengama 150 . Izimfudu zivame ukuhamba kancane, zinokuthula futhi zinomusa. == Amagama == 67eoyek83w4am29l6fg05x30xg5ahuq 0 35338 129198 129129 2026-09-19T17:18:29Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vredefort Crater, South Africa, OLI satellite image, 27 June 2018 cropped.png|thumb|Vredefort Dome (centre), with the Vaal river running across it; seen from space with the Operational Land Imager on Landsat 8, 27 June 2018|360x360px]] '''Isakhiwo sokugadlazeka eVredefort''' singesinye sezakhiwo zokugadlazeka ezinkulu kakhulu eMhlabeni. [[Isigqabhozi sokugadlazeka|Isigqabhozi]], esesigugulekile kusukela saba khona, kulinganiselwa ukuthi singamakhilomitha ali-170-300 ububanzi lapho sakhekha, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Huber |first=M. S. |last2=Kovaleva |first2=E. |last3=Rae |first3=A. S. P. |last4=Tisato |first4=N. |last5=Gulick |first5=S. P. S. |date=August 2023 |title=Can Archean Impact Structures Be Discovered? A Case Study From Earth's Largest, Most Deeply Eroded Impact Structure |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |language=en |volume=128 |issue=8 |article-number=e2022JE007721 |bibcode=2023JGRE..12807721H |doi=10.1029/2022JE007721 |hdl=20.500.11820/eefdc78e-ee46-446d-886f-2ab811603020 |issn=2169-9097 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=Natalie H. |last2=Nakajima |first2=Miki |last3=Wünnemann |first3=Kai |last4=Helhoski |first4=Søren |last5=Trail |first5=Dustin |year=2022 |title=A Revision of the Formation Conditions of the Vredefort Crater |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |volume=127 |issue=8 |article-number=e2022JE007186 |bibcode=2022JGRE..12707186A |doi=10.1029/2022JE007186 |s2cid=251449730 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ukulinganisela kwakamuva kusikisela ukuthi isigqabhozi sokuqala saba sikhulu kunesigqabhozi saseChicxulub, esiyisigqabhozi sokugadlazeka esikhulu kunezinye esingonakalisiwe eMhlabeni.<ref name=":1" /> Isakhiwo senkuba esisele, esihlanganisa idwala elingaphansi elifacekile, sitholakala esifundazweni sanamuhla se-Free State [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]]. Liqanjwe ngegama lesidlidli saseVredefort, eduze nenkaba yalo. Isiqongo esiphakathi nendawo saziwa ngokuthi '''Inkuba yaseVredefort''', engaba amakhilomitha ali-100-120 ubulungangoni. Inkuba yokugadlazeka yakheka ngesikhathi se''Paleoproterozoic,'' eminyakeni eyizigidinqindi eziyizi2-.023 edlule. Iphakathi kwezakhiwo zokugadlazeka ezidala kakhulu ezaziwayo zomhlaba, ngemuva kweYarrabubba (iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.23) <ref name="erickson">{{Cite journal |last=Erickson |first=Timmons M. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Christopher L. |last3=Timms |first3=Nicholas E. |last4=Cavosie |first4=Aaron J. |last5=Davison |first5=Thomas M. |date=2020-01-21 |title=Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=300 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11..300E |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6974607 |pmid=31964860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> futhi mhlawumbe I-Miralga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirkland |first=Christopher L. |last2=Johnson |first2=Tim E. |last3=Kaempf |first3=Jonas |last4=Ribeiro |first4=Bruno V. |last5=Zametzer |first5=Andreas |last6=Smithies |first6=R. Hugh |last7=McDonald |first7=Brad |date=2025-03-06 |title=A Paleoarchaean impact crater in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |article-number=2224 |bibcode=2025NatCo..16.2224K |doi=10.1038/s41467-025-57558-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=11885519 |pmid=40050265 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Umsuka wangaphandle komhlaba wasungulwa ngowe-1961 ngemuva kokutholakala kwezimvithimvithi yizazi zomchazamphansi zaseMelika URobert S. Dietz noRobert B. Hargraves, yize ukugadlazeka kwaphakanyiswa ekuqaleni kuka-1937 ngUClaude C. Albritton noJohn D. Boon.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Hargraves |first=R. B. |date=1961 |title=Shatter cones in the rocks of the Vredefort ring |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/aja10120750_1496 |journal=South African Journal of Geology |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=147–161 |hdl=10520/AJA10120750_1496}}</ref> Ngo-2005, inkuba yaseVredefort yanezelwa ohlwini [[ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba|lweZiza Zefagugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO]] ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwezomchazamphansi. == Ukwakheka kwenkuba == [[File:Map_of_Vredefort_dome.jpg|thumb|Ibalazwe laseNingizimu Afrika elibonisa indawo yeNkuba yaseVredefort, izinsalela zesakhiwo esithintayo esineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.023 ubudala. Isiyingi somugqa, amakhilomitha angu-300 (190 ububanzi, siphawula ubulungangoni besigqabhozi sokuqala.|300x300px]] [[File:Aasvoelkop.jpg|thumb|Umbono ovela esiqongweni se-Aasvoëlkop enkabeni yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka eVredefort UMfula iLigwal ne-Venterskroon ngakwesokudla ngemuva|300x300px]] Umsuka wesakhiwo sokugadlazeka wasungulwa ngowe-1961 ngendawo yemvithimvithi yizazi zomchazamphansi zaseMelika URobert S. Dietz noRobert B. Hargraves, ngemuva kokuhlongozwa ngowe-1937 ngUClaude C. Albritton noJohn D. Boon.<ref name=":2" /> [[Umhlabana|Umhlatshana]] owagadlaza e-Vredefort kulinganiselwa ukuthi ungomkhuu kuneminye eyake yagadlaza uMhlaba kusukela enkathini-ye-Hadean Eon eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi wawucishe ube amakhilomitha ayi-10-15 ngobulungangoni ngamandla wempekumpeku ali-4.32×10²³ joules.<ref name="McCarthy">{{Cite book |last=McCarthy |first=Terence |date=2005 |title=The Story of Earth & Life |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofearthlife0000mcca |publisher=Struik Publishers |isbn=978-1-77007-148-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/storyofearthlife0000mcca/page/89 89]–90,102–107,134–136 |language=English |oclc=883592852}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ivanov |first=Boris |date=2005 |title=Numerical Modeling of the Largest Terrestrial Meteorite Craters |url=https://www.academia.edu/48655102 |journal=Solar System Research |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=381–409 |bibcode=2005SoSyR..39..381I |doi=10.1007/S11208-005-0051-0}}</ref> Kusukela ngowe-2022, [[umhlabana]] owagadlaza walinganiselwa phakathi kwamakhilomitha ali-20 nangu-25 ubulungangoni, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi wagadlaza ngesivinini esiqondile samakhilomitha ali-15-25 ngomzuzwana (34,000-56,000 mph) kanye nobukhulu besdlakalasi esili- ~2-4×10²⁴ J (~7.3×10²³-1.60×10²⁴ maqondana nokulinganisela kwangaphambili ngesibalo esandulele se-1.7-3.7), imininingo ngokusobala evumelana nobufakazi bomchazamphansi njengemvithimvithi kanye nezici zokuguquka kweplanar.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marchi |first=S. |last2=Alexander |first2=A. |last3=Trowbridge |first3=A. |last4=Koeberl |first4=C. |year=2024 |title=Impact-Generated Permeability and Hydrothermal Circulation at the Vredefort Impact Structure, South Africa |journal=Earth and Space Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |article-number=e2023EA003065 |bibcode=2024E&SS...1103065M |doi=10.1029/2023EA003065 |issn=2333-5084 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Isakhiwo sokuqala sokugadlazeka kulinganiselwa ukuthi sasinobubanzi okungenani obungu-170 km (110 , futhi ukugaldazeka kwathinta ukwakheka kwedwala elizungezile esifundeni esiyindilinga esicishe sibe ngamakhilomitha angama-300 km.<ref name=":0" /> Okunye ukulinganisela, ngokwesibonelo ngezimvithimvithi noma izici zokugufacazeka kwe-planar, kubeke ubulungangoni besigqabhozi sokuqala eduze kwamakhilomitha angama-300 .<ref name=":1" /> Indawo iye yaguguleka ekujuleni okuyisi-7-11 selokhu yakheka, kwacekela phansi isigqabhozi sokuqala. Isakhiwo esisele, "Inkuba yaseVredefort", siqukethe ingxenye yezindandatho zamagquma ezingamakhilomitha angama-70 (ubulunganangoni, futhi ziyinsalela yesiqongo esiphakathi esibangelwa ukubuya kwamadwala ngaphansi kwendawo yokugadlazeka ngemuva kokugquuzana kwawo.<ref name=":0" /> Ukulinganisela kubeke iminyaka yobudala yesakhiwo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.023 (± iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-4) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kamo |first=S.L. |last2=Reimold |first2=W.U. |last3=Krogh |first3=T.E. |last4=Colliston |first4=W.P. |date=November 1996 |title=A 2.023 Ga age for the Vredefort impact event and a first report of shock metamorphosed zircons in pseudotachylitic breccias and Granophyre |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X9600180X |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |language=en |volume=144 |issue=3–4 |pages=369–387 |bibcode=1996E&PSL.144..369K |doi=10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00180-X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> noma iminyaka eyizigidi eziyinkulungwane ezingu-2.0,020 (± iminyaka eziyizigidi ezingu-2-3) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moser |first=D. E. |date=1997 |title=Dating the shock wave and thermal imprint of the giant Vredefort impact, South Africa |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article/25/1/7-10/190190 |journal=Geology |language=en |volume=25 |issue=1 |page=7 |bibcode=1997Geo....25....7M |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0007:DTSWAT>2.3.CO;2 |issn=0091-7613 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> okuyibeka enkathini yase-I-Orosirian ye-Paleoproterozoic Era. Ingenye yezakhiwo ezindala kakhulu ezamukelwa emhlabeni wonke. Uma kuqhathaniswa, icishe ibe ngu-10% endala kunomthelela weSudbury Basin (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.849) futhi isakhiwo somthelela weYarrabubba sikhulu kunesakhiwo somthelela waseVredefort cishe ngo-10%. Ezinye izakhiwo ezinomthelela ezindala zineminyaka engaphansi kwemingcele (isakhiwo somthelela we-Dhala, eNdiya) noma ubufakazi bomthelela obuyimpikiswano kakhulu endabeni yesakhiwo se-Maniitsoq esineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.023 ubudala, i-West Greenland kanye nesakhiwo se-Suavjärvi esineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.4, eRussia. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabo njengezakhiwo ezinomthelela kuhlala kuyimpikiswano futhi kungaxazululiwe.<ref name="erickson">{{Cite journal |last=Erickson |first=Timmons M. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Christopher L. |last3=Timms |first3=Nicholas E. |last4=Cavosie |first4=Aaron J. |last5=Davison |first5=Thomas M. |date=2020-01-21 |title=Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth's oldest recognised meteorite impact structure |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=300 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11..300E |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-13985-7 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6974607 |pmid=31964860 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="ReimoldOthers2014a">{{Cite journal |last=Reimold |first=W.U. |last2=Ferrière |first2=L. |author-link2=Ludovic Ferrière |last3=Deutsch |first3=A. |last4=Koeberl |first4=C. |author-link4=Christian Koeberl |date=2014 |title=Impact controversies: impact recognition criteria and related issues |journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=723–731 |bibcode=2014M&PS...49..723R |doi=10.1111/maps.12284 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Inkuba esenkabeni yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kodwa maphakathi nawo-1990, ubufakazi bembula ukuthi kwakuyindawo yokugadlazeka komhlatshana omkhulu, izinsalela zokukhuphuka okuphakathi noma ukubuya okujwayelekile kokugadlazeka okukhulu, njengoba kwatholakala izimvithi ze-telltale ogwini oseduze noMfula iLigwa. Izimvithimvithi zatholakala kufika kumakhilomitha angama-90 futhi izici zokufaceka kwe-Planar ku--quartz zatholakala kufika kumakhilomitha angama-45, kuyilapho i-breccia yatholakala kufika kumakhilomitha angama-150. La mabanga abaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisa ubukhulu besigqabhoziphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-250-300 ngezinga elithile lokwethenjelwa.<ref name=":1" /> Lesi sakhiwo sokugadlazeka singesinye sezakhiwo ezimbalwa zokugadlazeka ezinezindandatho eziningi eMhlabeni, yize zivame kakhulu kwezinye izindawo kuzungezohlelo lwelanga. Mhlawumbe isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu isigqabhozi seValhalla enyangeni [[UNdonsakusa|kaMkhulukhulwana]] ebizwa usomkhence. [[INyanga|Inyanga]] Yomhlaba nayo. Imidludlungu yomchazamphansi, njengokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nezokuzabazaba, eziye zacekela phansi izakhiwo eziningi ezinezindandatho zokugadlazeka eMhlabeni. Ukugadlazeka kwaphazamisa iSiziba saseWitwatersrand esabekwa enkathini yeminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-250 phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-950 nengama-700 ngaphambi kokugadlazeka kwaseVredefort. &nbsp;&nbsp;I-Ventersdorp lavas engaphezulu kanye ne-Transvaal Supergroup eyabekwa phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi engama-700 no-80 ngaphambi kokuhlasela kweqhumanyezi, yaphendukezelwa ngokufanayo ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sokugadlazeka esingamakhilomitha angama-300 ububanzi (190 .<ref name="McCarthy" /><ref name="Norman">{{Cite book |last=Norman |first=Nick |date=2006 |title=Geological Journeys |last2=Whitfield |first2=Gavin |publisher=Struik Publishers |isbn=978-1-77007-062-2 |pages=38–49, 60–61 |language=English |oclc=974035410}}</ref> &nbsp;Amadwala akha izindandatho eziyingxenye ezungeze inkba yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka namuhla, namadwala amadala kakhulu, amatshe aseWitwatersrand, akha isiyingi esingamakhilomitha angama25 (16 ukusuka enkabeni. Njengoba amadwala aseWitwatersrand aqukethe izingqimba eziningana zenzikaeqinile, emelana nokuguguleka (isib. Ama-quartzit namatshe ensimbi anezinhlangothi),<ref name="McCarthy" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Truswell |first=J. F |date=1977 |title=The Geological Evolution of South Africa |publisher=Purnell |pages=23–38 |language=English |oclc=488347575}}</ref> akha igobela elivelele lamagquma angabonakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka esithombeni sesivoko esingenhla. Amadwala aseWitwatersrand alandelwa, ngokulandelana, yi-Ventersdorp lavas ebangeni elingaba amakhilomitha angama-35 (22 ukusuka enkabeni, kanye ne-Transvaal Supergroup, eyakhiwa yiqembu eliwumngcingo lamadwala aseGhaap I-Dolomite kanye ne-Pretoria Subgroup yamadwala, okuhlanganisa iqembu lamakhilomitha angama-25 kuya kwangama-30 ububanzi (16 kuya ku-19 ngale kwalokho. Kusukela cishe maphakathi nePretoria Subgroup yamadwala azungeze isikhungo sesakhiwo sokugadlazeka, ukuhleleka kwamadwala kuyaguqulwa. Ukuya ngaphandle lapho umngcele wesgqabhozi wawuvame ukuba khona, iqembu le-Ghaap Dolomite liphinde livele emakhilomitheni angama-60 (37 ukusuka enkabeni, lilandelwe yi-arc ye-Ventersdorp lavas, ngaphandle kwayo, phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-80 nangu-120 (50 no-75 ukusuka maphakathi, amadwala aseWitwatersrand aphinde avele ukuze akhe i-arc ephazamisekile yama-outcrops namuhla. Iqembu laseGoli lidume kakhulu ngoba yilapho igolide latholakala khona ngo-1886.<ref name="McCarthy" /> Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ukube kwakungeyona impahla ye-Vredefort leligolide ngabe alizange litholakale.<ref name="McCarthy" /> Isikhungo esibanzi esingamakhilomitha angu-40 (25 sesakhiwo sokushayisana kweVredefort siqukethe i-dome ye-granite (lapho ingambozwa khona ngamadwala amancane kakhulu e-Karoo Supergroup) okuyingxenye evulekile ye-Kaapvaal craton, elinye lamazwekazi amancane amadala kakhulu akhiwa eMhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.9 edlule.<ref name="McCarthy" /> &nbsp;Lokhu kukhuphuka okuphakathi nendawo, noma i-dome, kuvamile esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sokushayisana, lapho amadwala ane-liqufied aphuma khona ngemuva kwe-meteor njengoba ingena ebusweni. ==Ukulondolozwa== ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba Senkuba yaseVredefort kuyimanje sibhekene nokwakhiwa kwezindlu, futhi abaninimizi bendawo sebaveze ulukhathazeka ngokuqondene nendle elahlelwa eMfuleni iLigwa nasesakhiweni sokugadlazeka.<ref>{{cite web | title = River heading for the rocks | date = 23 August 2009 | author = Momberg, Eleanor | url = http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/river-heading-for-the-rocks-1.456012 | access-date = 22 March 2011 }}</ref> Ukulhishwa kwezimvume zokuvukuza emingceleni yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka sekuholele ekukhathazekeni kwababhekele ezemvelo ngenxa yomonokalo ongadalwa ukuvukuza. ==Umphakathi== Inkuba yaseVredefort esenkabeni yesakhiwo sokugadlazeka iyikhaya lamanxuluma amane: iParys, iVredefort, iKoppies and neVenterskroon. IParys inxuluma elikhulu neliheha izivakashi; iVredefort neKoppies zombili zixhomeke emnothweni wezolimo. Mhla zili-19 December 2011, imvume yokusakaza yakhishwa abakwa-ICASA beyikeza isigculo somsakazo womphakathi osakaza ngolimi lesibhunu- nesiNgisi kuzakhamuzi ezihlala esakhoweni sokugadlazeka. Igama lesibhunu elithi ''Koepel'' Stereo (umsakazo wenkuba) libhekisela enkubeni futhi umsakazo ubizwa nangokuthi KSFM. Umjinge umsakazo osakazo kuwo ungama-94.9&nbsp;MHz FM. ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] jby1tfxzk1o35fce04a6eqf2cj5za5i 0 35347 129211 128979 2026-09-19T18:00:22Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Feminism sidebar}} [[File:Feminism_symbol.svg|right|thumb|Uphawu lwesithixo uVenus oluhlanganiswe nesibhakela esiphakanyisiwe luwuphawu lobumelabufazi URobin Morgan waluklama ukuze kubhishwe ngokumelene nomcintiswano we-Miss America ka-1969, lapho lwaduma khona.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web|last=Kelly|first=Jon|date=17 April 2012|title=Breivik: What's behind clenched-fist salutes?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17739105|accessdate=7 July 2018|website=[[bbc.co.uk]]}}</ref>]] '''Ubumelabufazi''' (noma '''ubuvikelabufazi)''') buyinhlanganisela yemibutho yezombusazwe bezenhlalo kanye nenkolelombono ehlose ukuchasisa nokusungula ukulingana kwezombusazwe, kwezomnotho, komuntu siqu, kanye nokwezenhlalo kwabesilisa nabesifazane.<ref name="Brunell & Burkett">{{Cite web|last=Brunell|first=Laura|last2=Burkett|first2=Elinor|authorlink2=Elinor Burkett|date=28 February 2024|title=Feminism|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307152734/https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism|archive-date=7 March 2024|accessdate=10 March 2024|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]]|quote='''Feminism''', the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lengermann |first=Patricia |date=2010 |title=The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology |last2=Niebrugge |first2=Gillian |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-40-518353-6 |editor-last=Ritzer |editor-first=G. |page=223 |chapter=Feminism |editor-last2=Ryan |editor-first2=J.M. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz4wU64f_JYC&q=feminism+%22principle+that+women+are+human+beings+equal+to+men%22}}</ref><ref name="Mendus">{{Cite book |last=Mendus |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Mendus |date=2005 |title=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |title-link=The Oxford Companion to Philosophy |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-926479-7 |editor-last=Honderich |editor-first=Ted |editor-link=Ted Honderich |edition=2nd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3/page/291 291]–294 |chapter=Feminism |orig-date=1995}}</ref><ref name="Hawkesworth">{{Cite book |last=Hawkesworth |first=Mary E. |date=2006 |title=Globalization and Feminist Activism |url=https://archive.org/details/globalizationfem0000hawk |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-7425-3783-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/globalizationfem0000hawk/page/25 25]–27}}</ref><ref name="Beasley">{{Cite book |last=Beasley |first=Chris |author-link=Chris Beasley (Australian gender studies researcher) |date=1999 |title=What Is Feminism? |url=https://archive.org/details/whatisfeminismin0000beas |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-0-7619-6335-6 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/whatisfeminismin0000beas/page/3 3]–11}}</ref> Ubumelabufazi buphakamisa umbono othi imiphakathi yanamuhla eyobumvunabudoda - ibeka phambili umbono wabesilisa - nokuthi abesifazane baphathwa ngokungenabulungiswa kule miphakathi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gamble |first=Sarah |date=2001 |title=The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JKAUXu9vpn0C |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-24310-0 |pages=VII |chapter=Introduction |orig-date=1998}}</ref> Imizamo yokushintsha lokhu ihlanganisa ukulwa nezinkoleloze zobulili, ukucekela phansi Izindima zobulili ezingokwenkambiso, nokuthuthukisa amathuba nemiphumela yemfundo, yezobuchwepheshe, kanye namathuba phakathi kwabantu. Umuntu umelela ubufazi waziwa ngokuthi '''imelabufazi''' noma '''ivikelabufazi'''. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 eYurophu, Izinhlangano zabesifazane ziye zakhankasela amalungelo abesifazane, kufaka phakathi ilungelo lokuvota, ukufuna isikhundla somphakathi, ukusebenza, amaolo alinganayo, ukuba nempahla, Ukuthola imfundo, ukungena ezivumelwaneni, ukuba namalungelo alinganayo emshadweni, kanye nekhefu lokubeletha. Amavikelabufazi asekela ufikelelo ekuvimbeleni inzalo, ukuhushula isisu okungokomthetho, Ukudidiyelwa komphakathi; kanye nokuvikela abesifazane namantombazane ekuhlaselweni ngokobulili, ekuhlukunyezweni ngokobulili kanye nasodlameni lasekhaya.<ref name="Echols">{{Cite book |last=Echols |first=Alice |author-link=Alice Echols |date=1989 |title=Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967–1975 |url=https://archive.org/details/daringtobebadrad0000echo |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-0-8166-1787-6 |location=Minneapolis |url-access=registration}}</ref> Izinguquko ezindinganisweni zokugqoka zabesifazane kanye nemisebenzi engokomzimba eyamukelekayo yabesifazane nakho kuye kwaba yingxenye yezinhlangano zabesifazane. ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Ubumelabufazi]] r47wuysnzj0izgfzltky1zou73j7dry 0 35356 129231 128998 2026-09-20T01:50:10Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Woman_teaching_geometry.jpg|alt=Detail of a scene in the bowl of the letter 'P' with a woman with a set-square and dividers; using a compass to measure distances on a diagram. In her left hand she holds a square, an implement for testing or drawing right angles. She is watched by a group of students.|thumb|Owesifazane ofundisa i-geometry (ingqikithi ingombhalo oqoshiwe ngasekuqaleni kwe- 14th-century , ekuqaleni kwe-''Elementa'' ka-I-Euclid, ekuhumusheni okubhekwa njengo-U-Adelard waseBath) ]] Indlela-kufundisa , iqondwa njengendlela '''[[Ukufunda|kufundisa]]''', inkolelo-mbono nokusebenza kokufunda, nokuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani, futhi ithonywintuthuko yezenhlalo, yezombusazwe, nengokwengqondo yabafundi.Indlelakufundisa, iwumkhakha wezemfundo, icija ulwazi namakhono kunikezwa kanjani esimweni semfundo, futhi kucabangela ukusebenzisana okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokufunda. Zombili iznkolelo-mbono nokusetshenziswa kwendlela-kufundisa kuhlukahluka kakhulu njengoba kuboniswa izimo ezihlukene zezenhlalo, zezombusazwe, nezamasiko. I-pedagogy ivame ukuchazwa njengesenzo sokufundisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of PEDAGOGY|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pedagogy|accessdate=9 January 2019|website=Merriam-Webster|language=en}}</ref> I-pedagogy eyamukelwa othisha ibumba izenzo zabo, ukwahlulela, kanye namasu okufundisa ngokucabangela izinkolelo-mbono zokufunda, ukuqonda kwabafundi nezidingo zabo, kanye nezimo nezithakazelo zabafundi ngabanye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Blueprint for government schools. Flagship strategy 1: Student Learning. The Principles of Learning and Teaching P-12 Background Paper|url=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/learnteachbgpaper.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215012650/http://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/support/learnteachbgpaper.pdf|archive-date=15 February 2017|accessdate=12 June 2017|publisher=Department of Education and Training Victoria}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Shulman |first=Lee |date=1987 |title=Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform |url=https://people.ucsc.edu/~ktellez/shulman.pdf |journal=Harvard Educational Review |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=4–14 |access-date=12 June 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612015925/https://people.ucsc.edu/~ktellez/shulman.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Izinhloso zayo zingase zisuke ekuthuthukiseni imfundo ebanzi (ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwamakhono abantu) kuya ezinhlotsheni ezincane [[Imfundo yomsebenzi|imfundo yezobuchwepheshe]] (ukufundisa nokuthola amakhono athile). sgj564ntg7ccjlvuxpym9bg09500igo 0 35359 129236 129095 2026-09-20T02:57:40Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129236 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''UMax Heingo''' (owazalwa ziyi-8 Ndasa 2008) ungumdlali wekhilikithi waseNamibia odlalela iqembu le-Namibia National Cricket Team. Ungumdlali webhola we-middle arm yesokudla.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Cricinfo|title=Max Heingo Profile|url=https://www.cricinfo.com/cricketers/max-heingo-1495161|url-status=live|website=Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cricbuzz|title=Max Heingo Profile|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/1463330/max-heingo|url-status=live|website=Cricbuzz}}</ref> == Ukukhula kwakhe == UMax Heingo wazalelwa e-Oshali, e-[[Ohangwena Region|U-Ohangwena]], [[INamibhiya|INamibia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=S|first=Gomesh|date=2026-02-11|title=From Oshali to T20 World Cup via Walvis Bay: The story of Namibia's Max Heingo|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2026/Feb/11/t20-world-cup-namibias-heingo-hopes-to-give-back-to-mother-through-cricket|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=StatsNGuts|title=Max Heingo Stats & Recent Form – NAM TRI Series T20I Aug 2026|url=https://statsnguts.com/series/NAM-TRI-SERIES-T20I-AUG-2026/team/NAM/player/MaxHeingo|accessdate=2026-09-11|website=StatsNGuts|language=en-IN}}</ref> Wakhuliswa ugogo wakhe e-Oshali futhi wathuthela e-Walvis Bay ukuze ayohlala nonina owayesebenza endaweni yokukhiqiza. Wafunda eNara Primary School futhi wafunda ikhilikithi. Umqeqeshi wakhe wamkhuthaza ukuba azame iseam bowling. Njengoba ayengenalo iturf wicker yokudlala, wadlala ikhilikithi ezindongeni zikakhonkolo ngaphandle kwespike.<ref name=":1" /> == Umsebenzi == UHeingo wadlalela iNamibia U19 eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala [[Windhoek|I-Windhoek]].<ref name=":1" /> Zingama-19 kuNtulikazi 2025, wenza i-T20 yakhe yokuqala ngokumelene neNigeria e-Entebbe. Ezindaweni wadlala i-Etosha Wildcat, iPupkewits Motors Wildcats neNamibia A.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Max Heingo Profile, Career Records, Max Heingo T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Max Heingo News|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/max-heingo-profile-124952|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Ziyi-4 Mbasa 2026, wenza i-ODI yakhe yokuqala ngokumelene ne-Oman eWindhoek.<ref name=":0" /> Ngo-2026, wakhethwa ukuba aye emdlalweni wendebe yomhlaba ye-T20 eNdiya. Umdlalo wakhe wokuqala wawubhekene neNetherlands, waphothula ngenani le-bowling le-0-22-2.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-02-11|title=T20 WC: Namibia's teen fast bowling sensation Heingo promises to keep India to 180|url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/120241/t20-wc-namibias-teen-fast-bowling-sensation-heingo-promises-to-keep-india-to-180|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=ap7am.com|language=en}}</ref> Wakhethwa emdlalweni we-tri-series ngokumelene neNamibia, iZimbabwe neNingizimu Afrika owabekwa eWindhoek, eNamibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia T20I tri-series: Youth, depth and a continental dream take centre stage|url=https://www.cricinfo.com/story/namibia-tri-series-youth-depth-and-a-continental-dream-take-centre-stage-1551911|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831131342/https://www.cricinfo.com/story/namibia-tri-series-youth-depth-and-a-continental-dream-take-centre-stage-1551911|archive-date=2026-08-31|accessdate=2026-09-10|website=Cricinfo|language=en|dead-url=no}}</ref> == Imthombo == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Heingo, Max}} [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] g1prb3un8tv5mih9g8bq5gmts48d50d 0 35360 129239 129097 2026-09-20T03:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129239 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''USindiswa Dlathu''' (owazalwa mhla ziyi-9 Masingana 1974) <ref name="briefly">{{Cite web|last=Evelyne Kioko|date=|title=Sindi Dlathu biography: age, HIV status, family, husband, wedding, daughter and twin|url=https://briefly.co.za/27334-sindi-dlathu-biography-age-hiv-status-family-husband-wedding-daughter-twin.html|website=briefly.co.za}}</ref> ungumlingisi nomculi waseNingizimu Afrika. Udume kakhulu ngokuvezwa ku-''[[Muvhango]]'' aziwa ngelikaThandaza Mokoena, indima ayidlala kusukela ekuqaleni kohlelo ziyi-1997 kwaze kwaba yilapho ehamba ziyi-2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-06|title=Full details sindi dlathu leaves muvhango|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/Local/full-details-sindi-dlathu-leaves-muvhango-20171006&grqid=32FsR64N&s=1&hl=en-ZA|accessdate=2020-02-18|publisher=channel24.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joseph Nkosi|date=13 May 2020|title=Sindi Dlathu biography, age, twin sister, husband & pictures|url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/sindi-dlathu-biography/|website=thenation.co.za}}</ref> == Umkhakha == UDlathu wabekwa njengomdlali oholayo engxenyeni yesiteji ye-''USarafina''. Kwingxenye ye-screen, wasebenza U-Whoopi Goldberg futhi wathunyelwa njengo msizi womhleli we-choreographer UMichael Peters. Ngonyaka wezi-1988, kanye neqembu lesibili eliholwa nguSeipati Sothoane,uSindi amufundisa kancane. Lapho umdlalo uhamba, wahlala ngemuva futhi wenza i-Township fever ngonyaka wezi-1989-1990 ehamba e-US nomdlalo unyaka owodwa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Theater|first=Lincoln Center|title=Township Fever {{!}} Lincoln Center Theater|url=https://www.lct.org/shows/township-fever/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210133757/https://www.lct.org/shows/township-fever/|archive-date=2024-12-10|accessdate=2025-04-09|website=Lincoln Center Theater|language=en}}</ref> UDlathu wabe esebuyela esikoleni ngemuva kweminyaka emine esebenza nabaculi abazinikele bakaMbongeni Ngema. Waphothula i-matric yakhe ngo-1996,<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|title=Spotlight on Sindi Dlathu PART2|url=https://www.news24.com/Drum/spotlight-on-sindi-dlathu-part2-20170728|accessdate=2025-04-09|website=Drum|language=en-US}}</ref> wabe esebuyela ekudlaleni ubuciko nasemidlalweni yesiteji ngonyaka wezi-1997. Wayese-FNB Vita Award-winning Game, lapho adlala khona UMary Twala, [[Abigail Kubeka|U-Abigail Kubeka]], kanye nomuntu oshonile uNomhle Nkonyeni. Wawina umklomelo womlingisi othandwayo kuma-DSTV Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards ka-2020. USindi, obengumlingisi onguLindiwe Dlamini-Dikana kwi-The River, wavela esigabeni se-crossover [[Indlovukazi (izinhlelo ze-TV zaseNingizimu Afrika)|Indlovukazi]] njengomngane womlingiswa wesifazane oholayo, [[Indlovukazi (izinhlelo ze-TV zaseNingizimu Afrika)|UHarriet Khoza - USebata]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mzansi Magic's first crossover – The Queen {{!}} Mzansi Magic |url=https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/show/the-queen/news/connie-on-mzansi-magic-s-first-crossover-the-queen/news |access-date=2022-02-09 |language=en}}</ref> Ngonyaka wezi-2021, wathola umklomelo we-SAFTA esigabeni se-Best Actress ngendima yakhe kaLindiwe ku-The River.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keshia Africa|date=22 May 2021|title=All the 2021 Safta winners|url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/news/all-the-2021-safta-winners-d4f97d09-bd9a-457d-a476-891c6199db0f|website=Independent Online}}</ref>   == Imithombo esetshenzisiwe == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * {{IMDb name|5261999|Sindi Dlathu}} * http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/smartcape/Peopleofnote/pages/smartcapestd.aspx?pid=634 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306020050/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/smartcape/Peopleofnote/pages/smartcapestd.aspx?pid=634 |date=2016-03-06 }} * http://imzansi.co.za/muvhangos-thandaza-sick-again/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717011004/http://imzansi.co.za/muvhangos-thandaza-sick-again/ |date=2017-07-17 }} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1974]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] avoyro3k6tlresfrwf7r2a0ws60ucex 0 35363 129241 129009 2026-09-20T03:46:52Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ULinda Flower''' (owazalwa ngoMashi mhla zi- 3, 1944 eWichita) uyisazi semfundiso yokuqamba. Waziwa kakhulu ngokugcizelela kwakhe inkulumo yokuqonda, kodwa muva nje ushicilele emkhakheni wokufunda ngenkonzo.<ref name=":0" /> UFlower njengamanje unguprofesa we-rhetoric ICarnegie Mellon University.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=University|first=Carnegie Mellon|title=Linda Flower - Department of English - Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences - Carnegie Mellon University|url=http://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/english/about-us/faculty/bios/linda-flower.html|accessdate=2020-12-18|website=www.cmu.edu|language=en}}</ref> == Umlando == UFlower waphothula iziqu zobudokotela eRutgers University.<ref name=":0" /> I-dissertation yakhe yayiphathelene ne Charles Dickens.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Interview with Linda Flower at FSU|url=https://english.fsu.edu/sites/g/files/upcbnu1151/files/styles/thumbnail/public/2017-06/flower_transcript.pdf}}</ref> Ukufundisa abafundi bezamabhizinisi eCarnegie Mellon University ukubhala okuqeqeshiwe kwashukumisela uFlower ukuba afunde okwengeziwe ngokuxazulula izinkinga.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Jill |date=1991 |title=An Interview with Linda Flower: Helping Writers Build Mansions with More Rooms |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43156855 |journal=Writing on the Edge |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=9–22 |issn=1064-6051 |jstor=43156855}}</ref> Ngenkathi efunda i-linguistics, i-rhetoric, ne-psycholinguistics, uFlower wahlangana noJohn Richard Hayes, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esisebenza eCarnegie Mellon.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> UFlower noHayes baba abasebenzisana njalo. Basebenzisa amaphrojekthi okucabanga ngokuzwakalayo ukuze bafunde okwengeziwe ukuthi abalobi bangazixazulula kanjani izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubhala imisebenzi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heller |first=Carol |date=1991 |title=An Interview with Linda Flower |url=https://archive.nwp.org/cs/public/download/nwp_file/898/An_Interview.pdf?x-r=pcfile_d |journal=The Quarterly of the National Writing Project and Center for the Study of Writing and Literacy |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=3–5, 28–30 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Bobabili, basungula imodeli yokuqonda yenqubo yokubhala.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Flower |first=Linda |last2=Hayes |first2=John R. |date=1981 |title=A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/356600 |journal=College Composition and Communication |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=365–387 |doi=10.2307/356600 |issn=0010-096X |jstor=356600 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Lo mfuziselo washukumisela izingxoxo zenkulumo yokuqonda nendima yayo ne-constructivism yezenhlalo nezinqubo zokwenza incazelo, kufaka phakathi ukugxeka kukaPatricia Bizzell kanye no Martin Nystrand.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bizzell |first=Patricia |date=1992 |title=Academic Discourse and Critical Consciousness |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zwb7k |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |isbn=978-0-8229-5485-9 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt7zwb7k.7 |jstor=j.ctt7zwb7k}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nystrand |first=Martin |year=1982 |title=What writers know: the language, process, and structure of written discourse. |publisher=Academic Press}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|page=vii–xv}}</ref> UFlower waqhubeka nokusebenza izindima eziningi zokuthuthukisa isifundo sokubhala. Wakhonza njengomqondisi we-Center for the Study of Writing e-Carnegie Mellon.<ref name=":0" /> Waphinde wasebenza ku-Making Thinking Visible Project futhi wasungula i-Pittsburgh's Community Literacy Center.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2002, uFlower wasebenza njengoMqondisi weCenter for University Outreach eCarnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flower |first=Linda |date=2024 |year= |title=Outcomes of Engaged Education: From Transfer to Transformation |publisher=The WAC Clearinghouse and University Press of Colorado |isbn=978-1-64642-688-1 |location=Fort Collins and Denver |pages=5}}</ref> Umsebenzi kaFlower ne-Community Literacy Center kanye nocwaningo lwakhe ngokufunda nomphakathi kuye kwamenza wadunyiswa emkhakheni we-rhetoric kanye nokuqamba. Ngonyaka ka-2009, uFlower wathola umklomelo we-Rhetoric Society of America's Book Award for Community Literacy and the Rhetoric of Public Engagement. Lo mklomelo wencwadi uqaphela "umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu kunoma yiliphi igatsha lokufunda inkulumo onyakeni othile".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing the RSA Book Award for 2009-and Looking Ahead|url=https://associationdatabase.com/aws/RSA/page_template/show_detail/14870?model_name=news_article|accessdate=19 October 2025|publisher=Rhetoric Society of America}}</ref> == Imisebenzi == === Imisebenzi ezimele === * "Writer-Based Prose: A Cognitive Basis for Problems in Writing" College English, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 11] (September 1979), amakhasi 19-37.&nbsp; * "Ukwakhiwa kwenhloso ekubhaleni nasekufundeni" College English, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 5] (September 1988), amakhasi 528-550.&nbsp; * "Ukuqonda, Umongo, kanye Isakhiwo Sezinkolelo-mbono" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 40] (October 1989), amakhasi 282-311.&nbsp; * "Intercultural Inquiry and the Transformation of Service" College English, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 6] (November 2002), amakhasi 181-201.&nbsp; * ''Amasu Okuxazulula Izinkinga Zokubhala'' * ''Ukwakhiwa kwencazelo yokuxoxisana: Inkolelo-mbono Yokuqonda Kwezenhlalo Yokubhala'' * ''Ukufunda Komphakathi Nokukhuluma Ngokuzibandakanya Komphakathi'' (2008) * "Uphenyo olushukunyiswa ukuhluka: Inkolelo-mbono yokusebenza yokuxoxisana komphakathi wendawo". [Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 9] 46, No. 4, 2016, amakhasi 308-330.&nbsp; === Imisebenzi yokubambisana === * ULinda S. Flower; UJohn R. Hayes. "Izinqubo Zokuxazulula Izinkinga zeNqubo Yokubhala" College English, Vol. 39, No. 4, Ukukhuthaza Ukusungulwa Ezifundweni Zokubhala. (December 1977), amakhasi 449-461.&nbsp; * ULinda Flower; UJohn R. Hayes. "Ukuqonda Kokutholwa: Ukuchaza Inkinga Yenkulumo" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 31] (February 1980), amakhasi 21-32.&nbsp; * ULinda Flower; UJohn R. Hayes. "A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 4] (December 1981), amakhasi 365-387.&nbsp; * U-Irvin Y. Hashimoto; ULinda S. Flower. "Bait/Rebait: Othisha Abangafanele Basebenzise Isikhathi Sekilasi Befundisa Abafundi Indlela Yokuqonda Izilaleli Zaso" The English Journal, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 72] (January 1983), amakhasi 14-17.&nbsp; * ULinda Flower; uJohn R. Hayes; uLinda Carey; uKaren Schriver; uJames Stratman. "Ukuxilongwa kanye Namasu Okubuyekezwa" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 3] (February 1986), amakhasi 16-55.&nbsp; * UChristina Haas; ULinda Flower. "Izinqubo Zokufunda Ezichazamazwi Nokwakhiwa Kwencazelo" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 9] (May 1988), amakhasi 167-183.&nbsp; * "Karen Schriver; Linda Flower; John Schilb".". Ukuphawula Okuthathu 'Inhloko Nemibono Ekilasini Lokubhala' kanye 'Nenkinga Exazululwa Emisha' College English, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 5] (November 1989), amakhasi 764-770.&nbsp; * ULinda Flower; uVictoria Stein; uJohn Ackerman; uMargaret J. Kantz; uKathleen McCormick; uWayne C. Peck. ''Ukufunda nokubhala: Ukuhlola Inqubo Yokuqonda Nezenhlalo'' (1990), New York: I-Oxford University Press * UWayne Campbell Peck; ULinda Flower; ULorraine Higgins. "Community Literacy" College Composition and Communication, Vol. [Isithombe ekhasini 26] (May 1995), amakhasi 199-222.&nbsp; * UKathleen McCormick; uGary Waller; ULinda Flower. ''Ukufunda Imibhalo: Ukufunda, Ukuphendula, Ukubhala'' * ULinda Flower; u-Elenore Long; uLorraine Higgins Learning to Rival: Ukufunda Okufundile Kwe-Intercultural Inquiry.  ''Ukufunda Umphikisi: Ukufunda Okufundwayo Kokucwaninga Kwamasiko.  ''(2000) <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] bx4fkp4jljsmjjls05maowcstkmwdgv 0 35364 129242 129026 2026-09-20T03:48:14Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129242 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> '''ULusanda C. Sangoni''' (owazalwa mhla ziyi-16 kuNhlaba 1979), owaziwa kakhulu ngelika '''Lusanda Mbane''', ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umsakazi , isikhulumi kanye nosomabhizinisi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nkosi|first=Joseph|last2=MA|title=Lusanda Mbane biography - The Nation|url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/lusanda-mbane-biography/|accessdate=2021-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref> Waziwa kakhulu elingisa emidlalweni kamabonakude efana ne Scandal, ''Muvhango'', ''Imbewu, kanye ne Generations''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SA wishes Lusanda 'Boniswa' Mbane all the best after her 'Scandal!' exit|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-09-02-sa-wishes-lusanda-boniswa-mbane-all-the-best-after-her-scandal-exit/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-29|title=Reason why (Lusanda Mbane) Boniswa is leaving Scandal revealed – Viewers left speechless: Celebs Now|url=https://celebsnow.co.za/lusanda-mban/|accessdate=2021-11-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115153356/https://celebsnow.co.za/lusanda-mban/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-04|title=Lusanda Mbane Thrilled To Be Working Alongside This Legendary Actress|url=https://youthvillage.co.za/2021/11/lusanda-mbane-thrilled-to-be-working-alongside-this-legendary-actress/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Youth Village|language=en-US}}</ref> == Impilo yakhe == UMbane wazalwa mhla ziyi-16 kuNhlaba 1979 endaweni yase [[Gcuwa, kwaXhosa|Butterworth]] e-Eastern Cape,e [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrika]]. Waphothula imfundo eClarendon Girls' High School e-East London. Ngonyaka we-1998, waqala imfundo ephakeme e-Technikon Witwatersrand kwaze kwaba ngowezi-2000. Ngemva kwalokho, waphothula i-B.Com Marketing e-[[INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika|University of South Africa]] (UNISA).<ref name="TVSA">{{Cite web|title=Lusanda Mbane: TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=12602&sr=1|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> == Umsebenzi == Ngaphambi kokungena emkhakheni wokulingisa, waba yingxenye yemikhankaso eminingi yokukhangisa efana neKnorrox, iKellogg's (Chocos), iBrand Power (Ponds), iRama, iMilo, uDettol neMcCain njengendima eyinhloko. Ngemva kwalokho, waveza izwi lakhe kwezinye izikhangiso ezifana nezakwa Google, Edgars, KFC, DStv, IDZ (Industrial Development Zone), SALGA, UIF, Enterprise, Blue Ribbon, Sanlam, African Bank ne-ECSA, esebenza nabanye. Ngowe 2009, waqala ukudlala kumabonakude ngemuva kokuba yingxenye yomdlalo waku SABC2 i-''Muvhango''. Kulo mdlalo, wadlala indima ye-cameo njengo "Advocate Macheke". Ngonyaka we 2010, waba yingxenye yomdlalo waku SABC1 owaziwa ngeGenerations lapho adlala khona indima yokuba ngu "Naomi Malotana". Indima yakhe yathandwa kakhulu, lapho aqhubeka khona nokudlala indima kwaze kwaba ngowe 2011.<ref name="TVSA" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Simiyu|first=Albert|date=2020-07-30|title=Is this why Lusanda Mbane became an actor?|url=https://briefly.co.za/73487-lusanda-mbane-bio-age-married-family-weight-loss-foundation-dancing-net-worth.html|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Briefly|language=en}}</ref> Ngonyaka wezi 2011, weba umlingisi oyisivakashi obizwa ngelika "Joyce" emdlalweni owuchungechunge lwe-drama ye-SABC1 i-Soul City. Ngemva kwalokho, waba yingxenye ye sitcom kuSABC 1 I''-Abo Mzala'' wadlala indima ka "Zodwa". Yize indima yathandwa kakhulu, wayeka ukuyidlala ngemuva kwesigcawu sokuqala, lapho UTembsie Matu adlala khona leyo ndima esigcawini sesibili. Unyaka wezi 2013 waba unyaka ongenakulibaleka ku-Mbane, lapho abonakala khona kuma-soap opera amaningi: ku-The Khumalos nendima ka "M''aKhumalo''" kuze kube ngu-2015, indima ka-"Aliah" ochungechungeni lwe-drama ye-SABC1 iTempy Pushas kanye nesizini yesithathu ye-Mzansi Magic soap opera ''Isibaya'' nendima ye-cameo njengodokotela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wadlala futhi wakhipha izwi ku-video yokuphepha ye-South African Airways ngalowo nyaka.<ref name="TVSA" /> Ngowe 2016, wamenywa ukuba adlale indima yesivakashi ebizwa ngelika "Penney" engxenyeni yesibili yochungechunge lwakwa SABC1 lomdlalo wothando i-Dream World. Khona-ke, wajoyina ingxenye yesithathu yochungechunge lomdlalo wakwa SABC1 lwe-drama yezomthetho iSokhulu & Partners. Kulolu chungechunge, wadlala indima yesivakashi njengo "Nobuhle Pasha". Ngemva kwalokhu kuphumelela, wadlala indima ephindaphindwayo ka-"Boniswa" kwishaneli ebizwa nge e.tv edlalela iScandal! ngowezi 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-19|title=Meet Lusanda Mbane aka Boniswa Of etv Series, Scandal|url=https://clipkulture.com/meet-lusanda-mbane-aka-boniswa-of-etv-series-scandal/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Clipkulture|language=en-US}}</ref> Waqhubeka nokudlala indima kwaze kwaba ngu-2021 futhi wawina umklomelo we-Outstanding Lead Actress, emidlalweni yeRoyal Soapie.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-22|title=Lusanda Mbane: "We appreciate being acknowledged"|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/exclusive/lusanda-mbane-we-appreciate-being-acknowledged/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wabuye wajoyina isizini yesibili yochungechunge lwe-drama ye-e.tv i-''Z'bondiwe'' elingisa u "Sis Puleng". Ngenkathi edlala ku-soapie Scandal!''Ihlazo!'', wahlangana nomunye i-soapie ''Isibaya'' ukudlala indima ephindaphindwayo ye- "Thembi Mdlalose" kuzo zombili izinkathi eziyisithupha nesikhombisa.<ref name="TVSA" /> Ngowe 2021, wavela ku-etv. uchungechunge lwe-Imbewu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-27|title=Former Scandal Actress Lusanda Mbane Joins Imbewu|url=https://iharare.com/former-scandal-actress-lusanda-mbane-joins-imbewu/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=iHarare News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-27|title=Fans predict role: 'Scandal!'s' Lusanda Mbane joins 'Imbewu: the Seed'|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/sa-tv-film/fans-predict-role-scandals-lusanda-mbane-joins-imbewu-the-seed/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=The South African|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-05|title=Did you know Lusanda Mbane from Imbewu is a managing director in real life?|url=https://savannanews.com/did-you-know-lusanda-mbane-from-imbewu-is-a-managing-director-in-real-life/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Savanna News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngaphandle kokudlala, ungumqondisi ophethe futhi ungumsunguli wenhlangano yokuqinisa abesifazane "Zazi Zithande Zithembe" kanye nenkampani yokuqasha "Ellenina Professional Recruitment" kusukela ngonyaka wezi 2012 nangonyaka wezi 2008 ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhiqiza futhi ubambe uhlelo ku Tru FM. Uphinde athole iziqu ze-Goldman Sachs 10 000 Women Program (GIBS) ku-Entrepreneurship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lusanda Mbane|url=https://legends.co.za/model/lusanda-mbane/|accessdate=2021-11-15|website=Legends|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ukuthwebula Amafilimu == {| class="wikitable" !Unyaka !Amafilimu !Indima !Uhlobo !Ukubuka. |- |2009 |''[[Muvhango]]'' |Ummeli uMacheke |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2010 |''Izizukulwane'' |UNaomi Malotana |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2011 |''[[Abo Mzala|U-Abo Mzala]]'' |Zodwa |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2011 |''[[Soul City (TV series)|Idolobha Lomphefumulo]]'' |UJoyce |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2013 |''[[Tempy Pushas|Ama-Tempy Pushas]]'' |U-Aliya |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2016 |''[[Dream World (TV series)|Izwe Lephupho]]'' |UPenney |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2016 |''[[Isibaya]]'' |Udokotela/Thembi |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2016–2021 |''[[Scandal! (Umdlalo)|Ihlazo!]]'' |UBoniswa Langa |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2016 |''[[Sokhulu & Partners|USokhulu & Abalingani]]'' |Nobuhle Pasha |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2016 |''[[Z'bondiwe|UZ'bondiwe]]'' |USis Puleng |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2021 - 2022 |''I-Imbwe'' |IMakhosazana |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2021 |[[Mzali Wami|UMzali Wami]] |UJoyce Khaphayi |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2023 - manje |Intuthu Nezibuko |UMartha Mayekiso |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |- |2023 |1802: Uthando Luphikisa Isikhathi |I-Nkosazana |Uchungechunge lwe-TV | |} == Imithombo esetshenzisiwe == [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1979]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] 6bvydam3wbrx5ouza0xqt026tf1r1en 0 35365 129215 129099 2026-09-19T18:16:31Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zibhebhu_1884.jpg|thumb|300x300px|UZibhebhu ngemva kwempi yase-oNdini, ngo-July 21, 1883]] '''UZibhebhu kaMaphitha Zulu''' (c. 1841-1904) (obizwa nangokuthi u-Usibepu/Zipheu) wayeyinkosi yamaZulu. Ngemva kokunqotshwa Umbuso WamaZulu ngamaBrithani, wazama ukwakha umbuso wakhe ozimele. Kusukela ziyi-1883 kuya kweziyi-1884, walwa nenkosi yamaZulu [[Cetshwayo|I-Cetshwayo]], wamehlula kaningi. == Impilo == UZibhebhu wayeyindodana kaMaphita, indodana kaSojiyisa, indodana kaJama, indodana kaNaba. WayengoweMandlakazi Royal Homestead. UZibhebhu wayeyi '''nduna''' (inkosi) yakwa Mandlakazi. UZibhebhu wenziwa isikhulu sesinye sezikhulu eziyishumi nantathu eziwumphumela wokuhlukaniswa kokuqala kweZululand ngemuva kweMpi ye-Anglo-Zulu, <ref name="First-Partition">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Laband|first=John|year=2009|title=Zululand, 1st Partition of (1879)|publisher=Scarecrow Press|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Pnf1BC_XORoC&pg=PA319&lpg=PA319 319–320]|isbn=978-0-8108-6078-0}}</ref> Isikhulu sasisenyakatho yeZululand, indawo yokugcina izikhungo ze-USuthu, futhi uJenene waseBrithani uWolseley wayecabanga ukuthi ukubusa kukaZibhebho lapho kuzosiza ekucindezeleni.<ref name="First-Partition" /> Ngonyaka wezi-1882, ngemuva kokunxusa kukaCetshwayo, iBritish Foreign Office yavuma futhi yabuyisela "izinduna" eziyisishiyagalombili eziphakathi ekulawuleni kukaCetchwayo; nokho, kulokhu kuhlukaniswa kwesibili kweZululand Zibhebhu enyakatho yandiswa ukuze ihlanganise amazwe amaningi aseSuthu futhi iZibhebhu yahlala izimele kuCetshayo.<ref name="Weltig-2008-p69">{{Cite book |last=Weltig |first=Matthew Scott |year=2008 |title=The Aftermath of the Anglo-Zulu War |url=https://archive.org/details/aftermathofanglo0000welt |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |isbn=978-0-8225-7599-3 |location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |pages=58–69, [https://books.google.com/books?id=JSJ9MTuLAwIC&pg=PT70&lpg=PT70 page 69] |chapter=Chapter 4: The King Returns}}</ref> NgoMashi 1883, uZibhebu wenza umsebenzi wokuvikela Ama-kraal endaweni yakhe entsha, ayephethwe yi-USuthu yendawo. Naphezu kokuphikisa okuthile, bonke bathathwa ngempumelelo. I-USuthu eseningizimu ayivumelananga nalokhu, futhi uMakhoba kaMaphitha wahamba enyakatho namaqhawe angaba yizi-5.000 ukuze aphinde athathe ama-kraals.<ref name="Weltig-2008-70">{{Harvnb|Weltig|2008}}</ref> AmaMandlakazi avikelayo, amaqhawe angu-1.500 asizwa amabhunu ama-5 noma ayi-6 ngaphansi kukaJohannes Wilhelm Colenbrander, aqothula eMsebe Valley eduze kwakaNongoma. Lokhu kulwa kwaziwa ngokuthi [[KwaNongoma|Impi YaseMsebe]], futhi ama uSuthu angaphezu kwe-1,000 abulawa, okulinganiselwa ukuthi kufinyelela kwizi-4,000.<ref name="van-der-Walt">{{Cite news |last=van der Walt |first=J. C. |date=8 January 2018 |title=History behind Melmoth land claims |url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/zululand-observer-monday/20180108/281698320139915 |work=Zululand Observer}}</ref> AmaMandlakazi alimala kancane, kwafa abayishumi kuphela.<ref name="Msebe-battle" /> Bobabili uZibhebhu noDinuzulu benza ubungane nabathengi bAmabhunu ukuze basize ezimangalisweni zabo. NgoNtulikazi 22, 1883, eholwa ibutho elincane lama-mercenary amhlophe, uZibhebhu wehla ngokungazelelwe e-oNdini kraal yaseCetshwayo (eduzane ne-[[Ulundi]]) eyayakhiwa kabusha. Ama-USuthu lapho amangazwa, abanye bazama ukuzivikela kodwa ngokushesha banqotshwa, futhi amabutho kaZibhebhu abhubhisa i-kraal yenkosi kanye nama-kraal azungezile ama-uSuthu.<ref name="Laband-oNdini" /> Abasebenzi bezempi abaphezulu bakaCetshwayo kuhlanganise nojenene I-Ntshingwayo Khoza baxoshwa futhi babulawa njengoba bebaleka ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yimpi.<ref name="Knight-Greaves-2007-p181">{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Ian |year=2007 |title=The Who's who of the Anglo-Zulu War: The Colonials and the Zulus |last2=Greaves |first2=Adrian |publisher=Pen & Sword Military |isbn=978-1-84415-526-2 |location=[[Barnsley]], England |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=u7TNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT181 180–181]}}</ref> Nakuba alimele, uCetshwayo wakwazi ukubalekela emfuleni iWhite Mfolozi wabe esebalekela [[Sigananda kaZokufa|iSigananda]] ehlathini laseNkandla.<ref name="Gillings-2014-p206">{{Cite book |last=Gillings |first=Ken |year=2014 |title=Discovering the Battlefields of the Anglo-Zulu War |publisher=30 Degrees South Publishers |isbn=978-1-920143-90-9 |location=[[Pinetown]], South Africa |pages=203–214, [https://books.google.com/books?id=V-CZBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206 page 206] |chapter=The Aftermath of the War}}</ref> Ngemva kokunxusa okuphindaphindiwe okuvela kuKhomishane Ohlala khona, uSir [[IMelmoth|uMelmoth Osborn]], inkosi yathuthela e-[[Eshowe|Showe]], <ref name="Saunders-1979-p97">{{Cite book |last=Saunders |first=Christopher C. |year=1979 |title=Black Leaders in Southern African History |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0435944789 |publisher=Heinemann Educational |isbn=978-0-435-94477-3 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0435944789/page/97 97] |chapter=Cetshwayo kaMpande c.1832–84}}</ref> lapho yashona khona ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, mhlawumbe ngenxa yobuthi. <ref name="van-der-Walt" /> <ref name="Gillings-2014-p206" /> UZibhebhu wancintisana nenye yamadodana kaCetshwayo, uDinuzulu. Ekufeni kukaCetshwayo, uDinuzulu washiywa ukuba alwele ukulandelana, futhi ngosizo lukaJenene uLouis Botha kanye namavolontiya kaDinuzulu banqoba uZibhebhu nebutho lakhe eMpini [[UMkhuze|iGhost Mountain]] (eyaziwa nangokuthi iMpi yeTshaneni). UZibhebhu no-Eckersley, owayengumhwebi omhlophe, babaleka ngokukhuphuka intaba iLubombo. Ngomandulo ziyi-1884 uZibhebhu waqondisa izinsalela zamaMandlakazi, abantu abangaba yizi-6.000, "eReserve Territory";<ref>The "Reserve Territory" was created in 1882 as part of the Second Partition of Zululand and consisted of land between the Thukela and Mhlathuse rivers. {{Cite encyclopedia|title=Introduction|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6078-0}}</ref> indawo eyabekelwa eceleni ngamaBrithani ngamaZulu angathembekile endlini yasebukhosini yamaZulu. == Imithombo osetshenzisiwe == [[Category:Umlando wakwaZulu-Natali]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1840s]] nh3byafczfurjep4tb0uwtmb1iotejm 0 35368 129238 129014 2026-09-20T03:16:15Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129238 wikitext text/x-wiki Ukufundisa okuhlanganisiwe kokuqukethwe nolimi ('''ICIL''') <ref>{{Cite web|title=British Council BBC Teaching English|url=http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/clil|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927143136/http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/knowledge-wiki/clil|archive-date=27 September 2011|accessdate=8 July 2010|website=teachingenglish.org.uk}}</ref><ref name="TESOL">{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=G. |date=2018 |title=The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching |url=http://www.englishappliedlinguistics.com/uploads/2/4/1/9/2419477/integration_of_content_and_langauge_tesol_encyclopedia_author_version.pdf |last2=McKinley |first2=J. |isbn=9781118784228 |volume=1 |pages=1–13 |chapter=Integration of Content and Language Learning |doi=10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0634 |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052655/http://www.englishappliedlinguistics.com/uploads/2/4/1/9/2419477/integration_of_content_and_langauge_tesol_encyclopedia_author_version.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2018 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="RoseMcKinley2024">{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=H. |date=2024 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics |last2=McKinley |first2=J. |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Wei |editor-first=Li |edition=2nd |pages=95–107 |chapter=Content and language integrated learning and English medium instruction |doi=10.4324/9781003082644-9 |editor-last2=Hua |editor-first2=Zhu |editor-last3=Simpson |editor-first3=James |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372321413_Content_and_language_integrated_learning_and_English_medium_instruction}}</ref> kuyindlela yokufunda okuqukethwe ngolimi olwengeziwe (olwamanye amazwe noma okwesibili), ngaleyo ndlela kufundisa kokubili isihloko nolimi. I-CLIL ingathatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi okuqukethwe nokufundiswa kolimi kuhlanganiswe kanjani kanye nezindima ezihlukene zabafundisi bokuqukethwe nolimi.<ref name="RoseMcKinley2024" /> == Umsuka we-CLIL == Igama elithi '''ICIL''' lasungulwa ngo-1994 ng[http://clil-cd.ecml.at/Team/Teammember4/tabid/941/language/en-GB/Default.aspx uDavid Marsh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130111401/https://clil-cd.ecml.at/Team/Teammember4/tabid/941/language/en-GB/Default.aspx |date=2020-01-30 }} njengendlela efanayo kodwa ehlukile ekucwileni kolimi kanye nemfundo esekelwe kokuqukethwe. Umqondo wabasekeli bayo kwakuwukwakha "igama lesambulela" elihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa ulimi njengendlela yokufundisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is CLIL?|url=http://www.onestopenglish.com/clil/what-is-clil/|accessdate=14 September 2016|website=Onestopenglish}}</ref> I-CLIL iphinde yahlolwa ngokucophelela mayelana nokufinyelela emfundweni kanye nokungalingani, ikakhulukazi lapho amathuba okuhlanganyela ehlobene nenzuzo yezenhlalo nezomnotho.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aiello |first=J. |date=2023 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Content and Language Integrated Learning |last2=Di Martino |first2=E. |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Banegas |editor-first=D. L. |location=London |pages=419–432 |chapter=CLIL in Italy |editor-last2=Zappa-Hollman |editor-first2=S.}}</ref><ref name="RoseMcKinley2024" /> == I-CLIL nobulimi gwinya == I-CLIL isekelwe ngokuyinhloko ezimisweni zendlela ezimiswe ucwaningo lobulimi gwinya. Lolu hlobo olwavezwa lwatholakala njengolubaluleke kakhulu yi-''European Commission'' ngoba: "Lungahlinzeka amathuba aphumelelayo kubafundi ukuba basebenzise amakhono abo amasha olimi manje, kunokuba bawafunde manje ukuze bawasebenzise kamuva. Luhlavula iminyango yezilimi zabafundi abaningi, kukhulisa ukuzethemba kubafundi abasebasha nalabo abangazange basabele kahle ekufundisweni kolimi okungokomthetho emfundweni ovamile. Kunikeza ukuvuleka kolimi ngaphandle kokudinga isikhathi esengeziwe ekolishicileleni izifundo ezithile, okungaba nesithakazelo somsebenzi".Le ndlela ihilela ukufunda izifundo ezinjengomlando, ukuma kwezwe, amakhono okuqondisa / imibono noma okunye, ngolimi olwengeziwe. I-CLIL iye yathuthukiswa njengendlela yokusekela ukufunda ulimi kanye nokufunda ngezifundo kanye nokukhuthaza izimo zengqondo ezinhle ngokufunda ulimi. 68rstvfyf833aend0eferjmf1dkl3xa 0 35369 129240 129091 2026-09-20T03:43:40Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UTitus Kaphar''' ungumdwebi waseMelika wesikhathi samanje nomenzi wamabhayisikobho. umsebenzi wakhe ukuvuselela umlando wezobuciko ukuze uhlanganise izihloko zase-Afrika naseMelika. Imidwebo yakhe igcinwe e-Museum of Modern Art, eBrooklyn Museum, I-Yale University Art Gallery, eNew Britain Museum of American Art, e-Seattle Art Museum, eMississippi Museum of Art, eVirginia Museum of Fine Arts, nase-University of Michigan Museum of Art.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Modern and Contemporary Art|url=http://artgallery.yale.edu/modern-and-contemporary-art|accessdate=February 15, 2017|publisher=yale.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Titus Kaphar|url=https://www.moma.org/artists/48017?locale=en|accessdate=February 15, 2017|publisher=moma.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 10, 2014|title=Time Person of the Year|url=https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-ferguson-painting/|accessdate=February 15, 2017|publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 March 2016|title=Local Donors Strengthen VMFA's Contemporary Collection|url=https://vmfa.museum/pressroom/news/local-donors-strengthen-vmfas-contemporary-collection/|accessdate=February 15, 2017|publisher=vmfa.museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Titus Kaphar|url=http://www.jackshainman.com/artists/titus-kaphar/|accessdate=February 15, 2017|publisher=jackshainman.com|archive-date=November 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122202241/http://www.jackshainman.com/artists/titus-kaphar|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Exchange: Flay (James Madison)|url=https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/42889|accessdate=2020-09-25|website=exchange.umma.umich.edu|archive-date=2022-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701160557/https://exchange.umma.umich.edu/resources/42889|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == imvelaphi yakhe == UTitus Kaphar wazalwa ngo-1976 eKalamazoo, eMichigan. Isethulo sakhe sokuqala kwezobuciko sasisesikoleni somlando wezobuciko ekolishi, futhi wazifundisa ukudweba ngokuvakashela imyuziyemu. Wathola i-BFA yakhe ISan José State University ngo-2001 kanye ne-MFA yakhe I-Yale University. Umsebenzi wakhe uvame ukuba nemikhakha eminingi futhi uqoshiwe, ngezindwangu ezikhishwe futhi zilengiswe ku-frame, noma zilenga phezu komunye umdwebo. Esinye sezibonelo yi-Behind the Myth of Benevolence, isithombe sikaThomas Jefferson, esidwetshwe ngesitayela se-Neoclassical, asifaka ekhoneni le-frame yesithombe sikaSally Hemings. Ukuhlanganiswa kukaJefferson ogqoke ngokugcwele kanye nokuhambaze kukaHemmings kugcizelela amandla angenabulungiswa phakathi kwabo bobabili, futhi kugcizelelwa ukuthi sithombe sikaJefferson sifake ubudlelwane bakhe bobulili nesigqila sakhe esincane.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annette Gordon-Reed and Titus Kaphar — Are We Actually Citizens Here?|url=https://onbeing.org/programs/annette-gordon-reed-and-titus-kaphar-are-we-actually-citizens-here-jun2017/|accessdate=2018-03-03|website=The On Being Project|language=en}}</ref> == ''Iphrojekthi Ye-Vesper'' == I-Vesper Project ingenye yezinhlelo ezijulile ze-Kaphar. Ikhuluma ngomndeni wase-Afrika kanye neMelika ngekhulu le-19 obhekwa njengabamhlophe. UKaphar wakhanda lapho izivakashi zingahamba khona endlini yekhulu le-19, lapho zibheka khona ukuthi yikuphi okungokoqobo nokuthi yini eyayiyisikhumbuzo. Lo msebenzi wawugqugquzelwa umzamo kaKaphar wokudweba isithombe somamekazi wakhe, kodwa waqaphela ukuthi izingxenye zesikhumbuzo sakhe kwakungokuziqambela. Wakhuluma ngalokhu ngenkathi ekhuthaza uhlelo lwakhe: " okwenzeka kumina ngesizathu esithile, umqondo wami wamfaka esikhathini lapho empilweni yami ngumubinga khona ukungeseka.Kwangenza ngazizwa sengathi angisakhumbuli noma ukubukeza kwami akwethembekile. Ngazizwa sengathi ngilahlekelwa umqondo"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frank |first=Priscilla |date=2013-02-17 |title=Artist Titus Kaphar Talks Memory And Madness In His Latest Installation, 'The Vesper Project' (INTERVIEW, PHOTOS) |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/17/titus-kaphar-on-the-vesper-project-friedman-benda_n_2679287.html |access-date=2018-03-03 |work=Huffington Post |language=en-US}}</ref> I-Vesper Project yayiyinhlanganisela nezivakashi sase-Yale Art Gallery, lapho eminye yemidwebo kaKaphar iboniswa khona. Isivakashi, uBenjamin Vesper, wabhekana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngesikhathi evakashile waze washaya omunye wemidwebo kaKaphar. Ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwe-Vesper, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-12-02 |title=Exhibit {{!}} Titus Kaphar: The Vesper Project - Crave Online |url=http://www.craveonline.com/art/1173477-american-artist-titus-kaphar-explore-race-identity-memory-vesper-project |access-date=2018-03-03 |work=CraveOnline |language=en-US}}</ref> uKaphar noVesper baqala ukubambisana. Laba ababili babhala izincwadi isikhathi esithile, bebhala ngomndeni nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. UVesper weqa esibhedlela wavakashela indlu yekhulu ye-19, akakholelwa ukuthi kwakuyikhaya lomndeni wakhe. UKaphar wayehlose ukwakha isikhala esingokoqobo sokuthi uVesper abuye futhi abhekane nezinkumbuzo zakhe, futhi lokhu kwaba yisisekelo se-Vesper Project. Amakamelo aqukethe izingcezu zezinkumbulo, ama-spectrum, nemidwebo. La makamelo angahamba futhi azizwe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=generator |first=metatags |title=The Vesper Project - TITUS KAPHAR |url=http://kapharstudio.com/the-vesper-project/ |access-date=2017-12-07 |work=TITUS KAPHAR |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umagazini i-Time == UKaphar wathunyelwa ngo-2014 Umagazini i-Time ukuba adwebe ukusabela ekuvukeleni kweFerguson. Lo msebenzi wawuyi-{{Convert|4 x 5|ft}} owenziwe ngowoyela phezu kwedwangu futhi wasebenzisa isitayela sikaKaphar sokudweba phezu komsebenzi wakhe ngopende omhlophe. Umdwebo unesihloko esithi Yet Another Fight for Remembrance ubonisa ababhikishi ababili bephakamise izandla zabo ngopende omhlophe onemibala emizimbeni nasebusweni babo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 March 2019|title=Titus Kaphar on Putting Black Figures Back Into Art History and His Solution for the Problem of Confederate Monuments|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/titus-kaphar-erasure-art-history-1497391|accessdate=18 February 2021|website=Artnet News}}</ref> == ''Inganekwane Yomusa'' == Ngo-2014, uKaphar wadweba i-Behind the Myth of Benevolence, eveza uMongameli UThomas Jefferson USally Hemings, nowesifazane owayeyisigqila owayebanjwe nguJefferson nomama wezingane eziyisithupha ezazalwa nguJeffson.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jacob Urist|date=23 September 2020|title=TITUS KAPHAR, ARTIST OF THE TIMES, PAINTS WITH EYES OPEN|url=https://www.culturedmag.com/titus-kaphar-artist-of-the-times-paints-with-eyes-open/|accessdate=2 October 2020|publisher=Cultured Magazine}}</ref><ref name="stockman">{{Cite news |last=Stockman |first=Farah |date=16 June 2018 |title=Monticello Is Done Avoiding Jefferson's Relationship With Sally Hemings |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/16/us/sally-hemings-exhibit-monticello.html |access-date=2020-10-02 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en}}</ref> UKaphar wadweba indwangu ngendlela yokuthi wenza umqondo wokuthi isithombe sikaJefferson esadwetshwa nguRembrandt Peale ngo-1800 sidonswa emuva njengendwangu ukuze kuveze uHemings ohlezi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mary Louise Kelly|date=4 October 2018|title=Meet The MacArthur Fellow Disrupting Racism In Art|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/10/04/654476095/meet-the-macarthur-fellow-disrupting-racism-in-art|accessdate=2 October 2020|publisher=NPR}}</ref> Isithombe siwumdwebo ophumelelayo ngaphakathi komdwebo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ray Hardman|date=11 June 2020|title=Painting By New Haven Artist Makes Cover Of Time Magazine|url=https://www.wnpr.org/post/painting-new-haven-artist-makes-cover-time-magazine|accessdate=2 October 2020|publisher=WNPR}}</ref> UKaphar, ekhuluma ngomdwebo kanye nesihloko sawo, uSally Hemings, wathi, "Lomdwebo ukhuluma ngoThomas Jefferson noSally Hemings. Isizathu sokuthi, 'Futhi nokho akunjalo' siyazi emlandweni wangempela ukuthi uSally Heming wayengathathi. Owesifazane ohlezi lapha akayena nje ummeleli kaSally Heming, ufana nophawu lwabesifazane abaningi abansundu abaqavile ezindabeni zabo ezifihlwe."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Victoria L. Valentine|date=28 March 2018|title=National Portrait Gallery: Titus Kaphar and Ken Gonzales-Day Explore 'UnSeen' Narratives in Historic Portraitur|url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/03/28/titus-kaphar-and-ken-gonzales-day-explore-unseen-narratives-in-historic-portraiture-in-new-national-portrait-gallery-exhibition/|accessdate=2 October 2020|publisher=Culturetype}}</ref> I-Behind the Myth of Benevolence yonakaliswa izikhathi ezintathu ngenkathi ibukiswa e-I-National Portrait Gallery eWashington, D.C., okwenza ukuthi umnyuziyemu uthumele onogada bezokuphepha ngomdwebo ukuze uboniswe umbukiso wawo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniel Boffey|date=27 September 2020|title=Rebel US artist puts black lives in the Renaissance frame|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/sep/27/rebel-us-artist-puts-black-lives-in-the-renaissance-frame|accessdate=2 October 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Alicia Ault|date=4 April 2018|title=Two Artists in Search of Missing History|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/two-artists-search-missing-history-180968651/|accessdate=2 October 2020|publisher=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> == ''Ukubonisa Ukuxolelwa'' == Ibhayisikobho yokuqala kaKaphar njengomqondisi yi-Exhibiting Forgiveness. Izintandokazi zebhayisikobho U-André Holland, u-Andra Day, UJohn Earl Jelks no-Aunjanue Ellis-Taylor. Ibhayisikobho yaqala ukubonwa eSundance Film Festival ngoJanuwari 20, 2024 futhi yakhululwa ngo-October 18, 2024.<ref name="variety">{{Cite web|last=Owen Gleiberman|date=21 January 2024|title='Exhibiting Forgiveness' Review: A Father-Son Drama Free of Fakery|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/reviews/exhibiting-forgiveness-review-sundance-film-festival-1235875671/|accessdate=2024-01-25|website=variety.com}}</ref><ref name="theguardian">{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|date=21 January 2024|title=Exhibiting Forgiveness review – André Holland powers moving father-son drama {{pipe}} Sundance 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/21/exhibiting-forgiveness-review-andre-holland-titus-kaphar|accessdate=2024-01-25|website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="indiewire">{{Cite web|last=Jourdain Searles|date=21 January 2024|title='Exhibiting Forgiveness' Review: André Holland Fights for His Future|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/exhibiting-forgiveness-review-andre-holland-movie-1234946256/|accessdate=2024-01-25|website=IndieWire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Marcus|date=2024-07-03|title=Sundance Gem 'Exhibiting Forgiveness' Sets October Release Date|url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/breaking-news/exhibiting-forgiveness-october-release-date-exclusive-1235022704/|accessdate=2024-07-05|website=IndieWire|language=en-US}}</ref> == Imibukiso == UKaphar wenza imibukiso eminingi yedwa e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Imibukiso yakhe yedwa ihlanganisa i-The House That Crack Built (2000), i-ISan Jose State University Gallery; i-Painting Undone (2005), I-Savannah College of Art and Design Red Gallery; iJerome Project (2014), i-Studio Museum eHarlem, [[New York (idolobha)|INew York]]; i-Vesper Project (2014), esuka e-Contemporary Arts Center, ICincinnati; kanye ne-Language of the Forgotten (2019), i-Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, eNyakatho Adams.<ref name="Gagosian Kaphar CV">{{Cite web|title=Titus Kaphar Biography|url=https://gagosian.com/media/artists/titus-kaphar/Kaphar_Titus_bio_wTu7TBN.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326015135/https://gagosian.com/media/artists/titus-kaphar/Kaphar_Titus_bio_wTu7TBN.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2022|accessdate=19 June 2022|website=Gagosian}}</ref> UKaphar uphinde wabamba iqhaza emibukisweni eminingi yeqembu, kufaka phakathi i-Black Index (2021), ne-Afro-Atlantic Histories (2022).<ref name="Gagosian Kaphar CV" /><ref name="UCI-CAC">{{Cite web|last=<!--Not stated-->|date=|title=The Black Index|url=https://uag.arts.uci.edu/exhibit/black-index|accessdate=2 October 2024|website=University of California, Irvine|publisher=|quote=The artists featured in The Black Index—Dennis Delgado, Alicia Henry, Kenyatta A.C. Hinkle, Titus Kaphar, Whitfield Lovell, and Lava Thomas—build upon the tradition of Black self-representation as an antidote to colonialist images.}}</ref> Umsebenzi wakhe, i-Shadows of Liberty (2016), wavela ku-Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus (2022) ICleveland Museum of Art. Lo msebenzi uwukwethula kabusha i-Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton UJohn Faed (1856).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mishak|first=Shawn|date=March 4, 2022|title=The Cleveland Museum of Art Presents 'Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus'|url=https://www.clevescene.com/arts/the-cleveland-museum-of-art-presents-currents-and-constellations-black-art-in-focus-38497497|publisher=Cleveland Scene}}</ref> Kusukela ngo-February 14 kuya ku-July 26, 2026, i-Virginia Museum of Fine Arts yabonisa uTitus Kaphar noJunius Brutus Stearns: Izithombe ezidume kakhulu kuneqiniso "ezihlanganisa imidwebo edumile yekhulu le-19 kaGeorge Washington nezithombe zesikhathi samanje nemisebenzi eqoshiwe enikeza imibono yekhulu le-21 yalezi zihloko ezifanayo".[d]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Titus Kaphar and Junius Brutus Stearns: Pictures More Famous than the Truth - Virginia Museum of Fine Arts|url=https://www.vmfa.museum/exhibitions/titus-kaphar-and-junius-brutus-stearns-pictures-more-famous-than-the-truth|accessdate=2026-02-08|website=www.vmfa.museum|language=en}}</ref> [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1976]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lkj4lq3j374po59yl2w1kw85qpemoki 0 35372 129235 129077 2026-09-20T02:54:26Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = March and March | logo = March and March logo.png | logo_size = 265 | image = | image_caption = | formation = March 2024 | founder = [[Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma]] | type = Umbutho wezakhamizi / iqembu lobushoshovu | purpose = Inqubomgomo yofuduko nokuvivisa isakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika | headquarters = Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa | region_served = South Africa | membership = Abalandeli abayizi-50,000+<ref>{{cite web |title=March and March - Citizen Advocacy for Immigration Reform |url=https://marchandmarch.org.za/ |access-date=29 June 2026}}</ref> | language = | leader_title = Umsunguli nomholi | leader_name = [[Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma]] | key_people = Abaxhumanisi bezifundazwe; abakhulumeli | affiliations = Ezinye izinhlangano ezihlukene (ngokungahlelekile) | budget = Kuphoswa esivivaneni sesikhwama, iminikelo, ukudayisa izikibha noxhaso<ref>{{cite news |title=Who funds March and March? Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma responds |work=IOL |date=11 June 2026 |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2026-06-11-who-funds-march-and-march-jacinta-ngobese-zuma-responds/}}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://marchandmarch.org.za}} }} INhlangano ebizwa '''March and March''' eyasungulwa ngoNdasa ngonyaka wezi-2024 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Luke|first=Amahle|last2=Phasha|first2=Koketso|last3=Mlambo|first3=Sihle|last4=Majadibodu|first4=Simon|date=26 July 2025|title=Is this the new South Africa? March and March NGO demands IDs at KZN public hospitals|url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2025-07-26-is-this-the-new-south-africa-march-and-march-ngo-demands-ids-at-kzn-public-hospitals/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20260704230727/https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2025-07-26-is-this-the-new-south-africa-march-and-march-ngo-demands-ids-at-kzn-public-hospitals/|archive-date=4 July 2026|accessdate=5 July 2026|website=IOL|dead-url=no}}</ref> iyinhlangano yomphakathi yaseNingizimu Afrika egxile kwabokufika abangenayo imvumo yokuba kuleli.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About our movement|url=https://marchandmarch.org.za/about|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=marchandmarch.org.za}}</ref><ref name="Pilane">{{Cite web|last=Pilane|first=Reitumetse|date=2026-06-23|title=Police watch as anti-foreigner marchers vandalise businesses, join inspections|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-06-23-police-look-on-as-anti-foreigner-marchers-vandalise-businesses-join-inspections/|accessdate=2026-06-26|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Farmer|first=Ben|date=21 June 2026|title=Thousands of migrants flee South Africa ahead of anti-foreigner ultimatum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/thousands-flee-south-africa-ahead-anti-foreigner-ultimatum/|website=[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> Le nhlangano iyamaniswa ne-[[Operation Dudula]] kanye nesimemezelo sePatriot Alliance sokuxosha abokufika abangekho emthethweni nabangenamvume, besebenzisa isiqubulo esithi ''Abahambe'' ngesikhathi sokubhikisha. Ngonyaka wezi-2026, imikhankaso nemibhikisho yabo isakazeke ezweni lonke futhi yahlanganiswa nezenzo eziningi zobudlova nokucwasa ngokobuzwe.<ref name="Pilane" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Farmer|first=Ben|date=21 June 2026|title=Thousands of migrants flee South Africa ahead of anti-foreigner ultimatum|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/thousands-flee-south-africa-ahead-anti-foreigner-ultimatum/|website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cooks|first=Tim|date=26 June 2026|title=What is behind South Africa's anti-immigrant protests?|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/what-is-behind-south-africas-anti-immigrant-protests-2026-06-26/|accessdate=26 June 2026|website=Reuters}}</ref> Umbhikisho olwisana nabokufika abakuleli ngokungemthetho waqala ukuvelela emithonjeni yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke ngonyaka wezi-2025,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-11|title='It's organised intimidation': New wave of anti-migrant violence sweeps South Africa|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20260511-organised-intimidation-new-wave-anti-migrant-violence-south-africa|accessdate=2026-05-20|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> lapho behlala ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi e[[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Luke|first=Amahle|last2=Phasha|first2=Koketso|last3=Mlambo|first3=Sihle|last4=Majadibodu|first4=Simon|date=2025-04-09|title=Is this the new South Africa? March and March NGO demands IDs at KZN public hospitals|url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2025-07-26-is-this-the-new-south-africa-march-and-march-ngo-demands-ids-at-kzn-public-hospitals/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=IOL|language=en}}</ref> Le nhlangano yabeka amavolontiya ngaphandle kwemitholampilo kahulumeni nezibhedlela futhi yagxila ekubhekeni amasango. Lokhu kwenzeka ezibhedlela i-Addington, R. K Khan, nakwezinye izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zomphakathi. Amavolontiya aphikelela ngokuthi kufanele uveze umazisi ukuze uthole imvume yokungena esikhungweni sezempilo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yoganathan|first=Venilla|date=2025-07-30|title=Anti-foreigner group ups ante at healthcare facilities|url=https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/anti-foreigner-group-ups-ante-at-healthcare-facilities/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=Juta MedicalBrief|language=en-US}}</ref> Ekuqaleni konyaka wezi-2026, abaholi bamemezela ukuphela komkhankaso wabo wokubheka amasango emitholampilo nezibhedlela; futhi bahlela imibhikisho eminingi emelene nokufuduka okungekho emthethweni kulo lonke izwe ngonyaka wezi-2026 eNingizimu Afrika futhi kwabekwa isikhathi sookugcina 'mhla zinga-30 kuNhlangulana'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sithole|first=Wendy|date=2026-01-07|title=March-And-March to cease hospitals, clinics blockades|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/berea-mail/news-headlines/2026/01/07/march-and-march-to-cease-hospitals-clinics-blockades/|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=Berea Mail|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=O'Regan|first=Victoria|date=2026-06-25|title=Xenophobic unrest — a crisis co-written by March and March and SA's political class|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-06-25-xenophobic-unrest-a-crisis-co-written-by-march-and-march-and-sas-political-class/|accessdate=2026-06-26|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref> Ukugxila kwabo kwabe sekushintshela ekubhikisheni ngaphandle kwesikole samabanga aphansi i-Addington besebenzisana nenhlangano uMkhonto Wesizwe ne-Operation Dudula.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mabaso|first=Nhlanhla|title=KZN Education MEC criticises ongoing protests at Addington Primary School|url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/01/30/kzn-education-mec-criticises-ongoing-protests-at-addington-primary-school|accessdate=2026-06-05|website=EWN|language=en}}</ref> Ekupheleni kukaNdasa wonyaka wezi-2026, le nhlangano yahlela ukubhikisha ngokumelene nokugcotshwa komuntu waseNigeria owabekwa umqhele we-''Igwe Ndigbo'' edolobheni laseKuGompo e-Eastern Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asanda|first=Nini|title=Protest over Nigerian king turns violent in Eastern Cape|url=https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2026-03-31-protest-over-nigerian-king-turns-violent-in-eastern-cape/|accessdate=2026-06-30|website=Sowetan|language=en}}</ref> Owayengumsakazi uNgizwe Mchunu, abaholi bendabuko, izinhlangano zomphakathi namaqembu ezombusazwe kufaka phakathi I-ActionSA, kanye nePatriot Alliance, nabo baba yingxenye yombhikisho, bephikisana nokubekwa kwalenkosi ngokugekho emthethweni. Ukubhikisha kwaphenduka okunobudlova ngezimoto nezitolo zezakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ezashiswa ngomlilo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nel|first=Brandon|title=Eastern Cape protests turn violent over Nigerian kings coronation|url=https://capetimes.co.za/news/2026-03-31-eastern-cape-protests-turn-violent-over-nigerian-kings-coronation/|accessdate=2026-06-30|website=Capetimes.co.za|language=en}}</ref> ==Ubuholi== Umbhikisho olwisana nabokufika abakuleli ngokungemthetho ubhaliswe njengenhlangano engenzi nzuzo<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pindulaadmin |date=May 2026 |title=March and March |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/March_and_March |access-date=5 June 2026 |work=Pindula}}</ref> futhi iholwa [[Jacinta Ngobese-Zuma|nguJacinta Mangobese-Zuma]]. UNkk. Ngobese-Zuma ungumdlali womsakazo owathola umklomelo njengomsakazi kumsakazo iVuma FM.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jabulani|first=Langa|title=Presenter starts year on a high note!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/radio-jacinta-ngobese-is-nominated-for-the-ladies-in-media-awards-20240108|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=snl24.com}}</ref> Waxoshwa ngaphandle kwezizathu esiteshini ngonyaka wezi- 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Presenter takes legal action against Vuma FM over termination of contract|url=https://sundaytribune.co.za/news/2025-08-27-presenter-takes-legal-action-against-vuma-fm-over-termination-of-contract/|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=sunday tribune.co.za}}</ref> Ekuqaleni yachazwa njengeqembu eliholwa izakhamuzi [[ITheku|ezakhele iTheku]], ezibhekene nokwehluleka kombuso.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simelane|first=Bheki C.|date=2026-04-29|title=March and March moves into Gauteng as anti-foreigner sentiment swells ahead of elections|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-04-29-march-and-march-moves-into-gauteng-as-anti-foreigner-sentiment-swells-ahead-of-elections/|accessdate=2026-05-20|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref> Njengoba inhlangano ikhula, iqembu laqala ukugxila kubafuduki abangekho emthethweni kanye nemthelela wabo ezinseleleni zamanje zaseNingizimu Afrika. Abagxeki nabanye abahlaziyi baye baphikisana ngokuthi inqubomgomo yombuso yokulawulwa komngcele, ukulethwa kwezinsiza kanye nobugebengu nakho kuyimbangela.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gumede {{!}} AP |first=Mogomotsi Magome and Michelle |date=2026-04-29 |title=Hundreds march in Johannesburg against illegal migration as shops shut over looting fears. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/04/29/south-africa-illegal-immigration-march-protests/c4250f8a-43cd-11f1-b19d-32431046b5b4_story.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Le nhlangano inamagatsha ezifundazweni eziningana, futhi ngoMbasa nangoNhlaba ngonyaka wezi-2026, yahlela imibhikisho ngokumelene nezifiki ezingekho emthethweni ePitoli, [[IGoli (idolobha)|esidlaveleni saseGoli]] naseThekwini.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mabona |first=Warren |date=28 April 2026 |title=Pretoria disrupted by anti-immigrant march |url=https://groundup.org.za/article/pretoria-disrupted-by-anti-immigrant-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260507144200/https://groundup.org.za/article/pretoria-disrupted-by-anti-immigrant-march/ |archive-date=7 May 2026 |access-date=25 May 2026 |work=[[GroundUp (news agency)|GroundUp]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sebata |first=Silindelo |date=29 April 2026 |title=March and March turns focus to Johannesburg |url=https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories-videos/march-and-march-turns-focus-johannesburg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043921/https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories-videos/march-and-march-turns-focus-johannesburg |archive-date=20 May 2026 |access-date=25 May 2026 |work=[[ENCA]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Buthelezi |first=Siphesihle |date=21 April 2026 |title=March and March Durban CBD clean-up campaigns: Concern over business disruptions |url=https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-04-21-march-and-march-durban-cbd-clean-up-campaigns-concern-over-business-disruptions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043918/https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-04-21-march-and-march-durban-cbd-clean-up-campaigns-concern-over-business-disruptions/ |archive-date=20 May 2026 |access-date=25 May 2026 |work=Independent Online |language=en}}</ref> Imibiko ithi okungenani amadoda amabili aseNigeria abulawa ezenzakalweni ezihlukene eGoli phakathi kwalesi sikhathi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Onje |first=Ojochenemi |date=28 April 2026 |title=Two Nigerians killed in fresh xenophobic attacks in South Africa |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/two-nigerians-killed-in-fresh-xenophobic-attacks-in-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520043918/https://businessday.ng/news/article/two-nigerians-killed-in-fresh-xenophobic-attacks-in-south-africa/ |archive-date=20 May 2026 |access-date=25 May 2026 |work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]] |location=Lagos, Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Omunye [[Ubushoshovu|oyisishoshovu]] esilwela umphakathi nomholi wenhlangano ebizwa ''Insizwa Nobunsizwa Development Foundation'', [[Nkosikhona Ndabandaba|uPhakel'umthakathi]], owahola imibhikisho ehlelwe yile nhlangano, wathi "Asikhuthazi noma yibuphi ubudlova ngokumelene nabafowethu nodadewethu abavela kwamanye amazwe. esikufunayo nje ukuthi bangene ezweni lethu ngokusemthethweni nokuthi akufanele badayisele izingane zethu izidakamizwa noma benze zonke izinhlobo zobugebengu" <ref>{{Cite web|last=Hope|first=Ntanzi|title=KZN police, March and March pledge peaceful protests on June 30|url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/2026-06-26-civil-society-leaders-in-kwazulu-natal-advocate-for-peaceful-protests-ahead-of-june-30-deadline/|accessdate=28 June 2026|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> Le nhlangano ithi ayihambisani nezombusazwe kodwa iye yahlanganiswa neqembu lezombusazwe UMkhonto weSizwe (MK).<ref name=":0" /> ===Umlamulajuqu womhla zingama-30 kuJuni=== Umbhikisho olwisana nabokufika abakuleli ngokungemthetho kanye nomholi we-Insizwa nobunsi [[Nkosikhona Ndabandaba|uNkosikhona Ndabandaba]], yakhipha isikhathi sokuthi bonke abafokazi abangekho emthethweni eNingizimu Afrika bahambe. Usuku lomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana ngonyaka wezi-2026 lwakhishwa okokuqala mhla ziyi-7 kuZibandlela ngonyaka wezi-2025, njengesaziso sezinyanga eziyisithupha sokuwavumela ukuba alungiselele ukuhamba.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buthelezi|first=Siphesihle|title=Anti-illegal immigration group reassures public ahead of June 30 deadline|url=https://iol.co.za/mercury/news/2026-05-28-anti-illegal-immigration-group-reassures-public-ahead-of-june-30-deadline/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> Isikhathi esibekiwe sabangela ukwesaba phakathi kwabafuduki kanye namaqembu omphakathi. Ekuqaleni kukaNhlangulana, izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zaseMalawi zaqala ukuhlangana eSherwood Park eThekwini ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlaselwa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nxumalo|first=Sakhiseni|title=Thousands of foreign nationals seek refuge at Durban park as June 30 deadline looms|url=https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/thousands-of-foreign-nationals-seek-refuge-at-durban-park-as-june-30-deadline-looms-20260612-0836|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=news24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Comins|first=Lyse|title=SA xenophobia: Births, rising fury and the state's deportation crackdown|url=https://mg.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-16-sa-xenophobia-births-rising-fury-and-the-state-s-deportation-crackdown/#google_vignette|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=mg}}</ref> Abafuduki abangekho emthethweni abavela [[IZimbabwe|Izimbabwe]] nabo baqala ukuthutheleka e-Zimbabwean Consulate eKapa, benethemba lokushiya iNingizimu Afrika ngaphambi kuka-30 June.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwean nationals flock to Cape Town Consulate|url=https://www.enca.com/news/zimbabwean-nationals-flock-cape-town-consulate|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=enca}}</ref> Ukungaqiniseki ngalokho okwakuzokwenzeka ngoNhlangulana womhla zingama-30 kwasakazeka ukwesaba namahemuhemu kulo lonke izwe. [[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika|Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] waphendula ngokumemezela ukuthi kusetshenziswe imali eyizigidi ezingama-R600 (ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-36.4) ukuze kuvikelwe abantu futhi kuncishiswe ubudlova obungaba khona.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Massango|first=Alberto|title=South African Government announces R600-million plan to address xenophobic unrest|url=https://aimnews.org/2026/06/28/south-african-government-announces-r600-million-plan-to-address-xenophobic-unrest/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=aimnews}}</ref> UNgqongqoshe Wamaphoyisa uFiroz Cachalia wembula ukuthi ama-R600 million aphinde athunyelwe eNingizimu Afrika Police Service (SAPS) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi alungele ukusebenza ngaphambi kwemibhikisho ehleliwe ezweni lonke ngoJuni 30.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nel|first=Brandon|title=Police pour R600m into June 30 security plan|url=https://iol.co.za/news/2026-06-23-police-pour-r600m-into-june-30-security-plan/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> Ngosuku olumiswe lukaNhlangulana ngomhla zingama-30, amaqembu omphakathi angaphezu kwama-20 ayeyingxenye yemibhikisho ehleliwe kuzo zonke [[izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Afrika]]. NgokweMail and Guardian "Ukubhikisha kwakunokuthula kakhulu, nababhikishi behambisana namaphoyisa usuku lonke"<ref>{{Cite web|last=M&G Reporters|title=30 June demonstrations conclude relatively peacefully|url=https://mg.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-30-june-demonstrations-conclude-relatively-peacefully/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=mg}}</ref>Izixuku ezinkulu zababhikishi zabonwa emadolobheni afana [[IGoli (idolobha)|neGoli]], iTheku, i[[East London, Eastern Cape|iGompo]], [[IBloemfontein|I-Bloemfontein]], iPitoli [[IKapa|kanye neKapa]], kuyilapho izixuku ezincane zabonwa amadolobheni afanana neHermanus, [[Ibhayi|iGqeberha]], [[iKroonstad]], [[iZeerust]], [[ITzaneen|izaneen]], [[iThohoyandou]] [[Kimberley|iKimberley]], kanye nezenzakalo ezithile zokwesabisa nobudlova.<ref>{{Cite web|last=iol Repoters|title=How June 30 unfolded: Peaceful protests, isolated violence and a movement that isn't over|url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-june-30-d-day-comes-and-goes-as-peaceful-protests-mark-anti-immigration-day/|accessdate=1 July 2026}}</ref> EHillbrow, abantu abathathu baseNigeria baboshwa ngemuva kokudubula ababhikishi, balimaza umuntu oneminyaka eyi-17 ubudala.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ngcobo, Maseko|first=Khanyisile, Nomsa|title=Thousands of anti-migrant protesters march in South Africa amid heavy police presence|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4eq1l184po|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=bbc}}</ref> Kwabonakala futhi ukubhikisha emadolobheni afana neThembisa, [[Soweto|iSoweto]], iThomasa, iTsakane, EMalahleni naseNquthu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mothoa|first=Seipati|title=Thembisa protesters vow to keep marching until foreign-run shops close|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-06-30-thembisa-protesters-vow-to-keep-marching-until-foreign-run-shops-close/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=timeslive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=NovaNews Reporters|title=30 June shutdown: Here's what's happening - Live updates|url=https://novanews.co.za/30-june-shutdown-heres-whats-happening/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=novenews}}</ref> Ingqikithi yenani lemibhikisho ezweni lonke ibikwa ukuthi ingu-120, engu-108 inokuthula, kanti engu-12 inezehlakalo zobudlova.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Majadibodu|first=Simon|title=NatJoints: Most of 900 arrested during June 30 protests were illegal foreigners|url=https://iol.co.za/news/crime-and-courts/2026-07-01-natjoints-most-of-900-arrested-during-june-30-protests-were-illegal-foreigners/|accessdate=1 July 2026|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> == Ukusebenzisana == NgoNcwaba wezi-2026 le nhlangano yakha ukubambisana ne-AfriForum ukulwa nenkohlakalo nokusola uhulumeni njengembangela.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hip|first=Chante Ho|title=AfriForum, March and March form unlikely alliance on community safety, anti-crime work|url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/20/afriforum-march-and-march-form-unlikely-alliance-on-community-safety-anti-crime-work|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=EWN|language=en}}</ref> Ukubambisana kuzogxila ezindabeni ezinjengezimpilo zomphakathi, izindaba zomthetho, imfundo, izinhlelo zokulwa nobugebengu kanye nokufuduka okungekho emthethweni eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TimesLIVE|first=TimesLIVE|date=2026-08-20|title=POLL {{!}} Is the partnership between March and March and AfriForum positive for civil society?|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2026-08-20-poll-is-the-partnership-between-march-and-march-and-afriforum-positive-for-civil-society/|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=TimesLIVE|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AfriForum, March and March forge alliance to bypass ‘State failure’|url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/afriforum-march-and-march-forge-alliance-to-bypass-state-failure-2026-08-19|accessdate=2026-08-21|website=www.polity.org.za|language=en}}</ref> == Bheka futhi == * [[Ukucwaswa kwezifiki eNingizimu Afrika]] == Imithombo yolwazi esetshenzisiwe == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tr4665cr5d59l4yl18erg85ucgzcrhl 0 35373 129228 129020 2026-09-20T01:33:16Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129228 wikitext text/x-wiki U'''Tre Hale''' (owazalwa mhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu 1992) ungumlingisi waseMelika nomkhangisi waseRancho Cucamonga, [[California|eCalifornia]], e-USA.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Weiner|first=Yitzi|date=2023-05-23|title=Tre Hale Of 'Platonic' On The Five Things You Need To Create A Successful Career In TV & Film|url=https://medium.com/authority-magazine/tre-hale-of-platonic-on-the-five-things-you-need-to-create-a-successful-career-in-tv-film-6383a3df54f9|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=Authority Magazine|language=en}}</ref> Waziwa kakhulu ngokufanekisa u-Andy kwi-''Platonic'', uRocko ku-''Love and Monsters'' noDaren "Stro" Stroman kwi''-Nemesis''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tre Hale|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tre-hale/credits/3000645408/|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=TVGuide.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ukukhula kwakhe nemfundo. == UHale wazalelwa eRancho Cucamonga, eCalifornia, e-USA. Wafunda amabanga aphakeme eDamien High School.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2013 Football Roster|url=https://uclabruins.com/sports/football/roster/season/2013|accessdate=2026-08-03|website=UCLA Bruins|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngesikhathi esesikoleni wadlala ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo njenge-fullback. Waqokwa njengomdlali wasemuva ovelele wonyaka waseDamien High School ngonyaka wezi-2009. Uphinde wabamba iqhaza emdlalweni we-track and field futhi wancintisana nge-shot put ne-disc. Udlale ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo lasekolishi e-UCLA njenge-fullback iminyaka emihlanu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Popternative|date=2023-06-16|title=Interview: Tre Hale Talks 'Platonic' on Apple TV+|url=https://popternative.com/entertainment/interview-tre-hale-talks-platonic-on-appletv/|accessdate=2026-08-03|website=Popternative|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tre Hale - 2014 Football Roster|url=https://uclabruins.com/sports/football/roster/player/tre-hale|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=UCLA Bruins|language=en-US}}</ref> == Umsebenzi == === 2017–2019 === UHale waqala ukuba i-professional ngo-2017 endimeni encane njengoScott ochungechungeni lwe-TV ''i-Lethal Weapon''. Wabe eseqhubeka nokuvela kwezinye izindima ezincane njengaku-''[[:en:Oh_Lucy!_(2017_film)|Oh Lucy!]]'', ''[[:en:A_Crooked_Somebody|A Crooked Somebody]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Crooked Somebody|url=https://www.csfd.cz/en/film/520698-a-crooked-somebody/cast/|website=www.csfd.cz|access-date=2026-08-01}}</ref> ''[[:en:NCIS:_Los_Angeles|NCIS: Los Angeles]]'' and ''[[:en:Shameless_(American_TV_series)|Shameless]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=interview {{!}} tre hale {{!}} Schön! Magazine|url=https://schonmagazine.com/interview-tre-hale/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119050042/https://schonmagazine.com/interview-tre-hale/|archive-date=2025-11-19|website=schonmagazine.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-08-01|dead-url=no}}</ref> === 2020–2023 === Ngo-2020, uHale wadlala indima yokusekela kwibhayisikobho ethi Blood on ''Her Badge.'' Waphinde wavela kwibhayisikobho ethi ''URocko'' ngalowo nyaka. Ngonyaka wezi-2021, uHale wathola indima ku-''National Champions'', edlala indima kaRoc Meredith. Ngonyaka wezi-2023, wathola izindima ku-''5 A.M.'', ''Strange Planet'', ''UMagnum P.I.''.I.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cordero|first=Rosy|date=2023-03-02|title='All American' Adds Darone Okolie & Tre Hale To Season 5|url=https://deadline.com/2023/03/all-american-cast-darone-okolie-tre-hale-season-5-1235277295/|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> nendima ephindaphindwayo kwi''-Plato''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Petski|first=Denise|date=2022-05-05|title='Platonic': Luke Macfarlane, Tre Hale, Carla Gallo, Andrew Lopez Cast In Apple Comedy Series|url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/platonic-luke-macfarlane-tre-hale-andrew-lopez-carla-gallo-round-out-cast-for-apple-comedy-series-1235017480/|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ngonyaka wezi-2024 === Ngo-2024, uHale wadlala uBrocko kwifilimu ethi ''The Real Bros of Simi Valley'': ''The Movie''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=2024-05-09|title='The Real Bros of Simi Valley: High School Reunion' Rounds Out Cast, Sets July Premiere Date At Roku Channel|url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/real-bros-of-simi-valley-high-school-reunion-casts-tony-hawk-zoey-deutch-more-1235908796/|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> kanye noDyrrl ochungechungeni lwe-TV oluthi ''Poppa's House.'' Ngonyaka wezi-2026 wadlala indima kaStro ochungechungeni lwe-TV ''I-Nemesis''. ''I-Nemesis'' yathathwa isizini yesibili ku[[Netflix]]. UHale uzoba yingxenye ye-movie i-''Empire City,'' eyathwetshulwa e-[[I-Ostreliya|Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wiseman|first=Andreas|date=2026-01-16|title=Omari Hardwick Joins Gerard Butler & Hayley Atwell In Hostage Crisis Pic 'Empire City'; Filming Underway In Australia|url=https://deadline.com/2026/01/omari-hardwick-power-joins-gerard-butler-empire-city-1236685097/|accessdate=2026-08-01|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ukuphila Komuntu Siqu == UHale usebudlelwaneni besikhathi eside nomkhangisi uTabria Majors. Ngonyaka wezi-2023, baba nendodakazi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Bleness|first=Cara|date=2023-10-12|title=Swim Search Finalist Tabria Majors Is Glowing in These 6 Pics From Belize|url=https://swimsuit.si.com/swimnews/swim-search-finalist-tabria-majors-glowing-6-pics-from-belize|url-status=live|website=Sports Illustrasted Swimsuit}}</ref> == Ukuthwebula Amafilimu == === Amafilimu === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Unyaka !Isihloko !Indima !Amaphuzu |- |2017 |''Oh Lucy!'' |Umdwebi Onodo | |- |2017 |''Umuntu Ophendukezelwe'' |Isiboshwa Somunca | |- |2020 |''Uthando Nezilwane'' |URocko | |- |2021 |''Izingqwele Zesizwe'' |URoc Meredith | |- |2023 |''5 A.M.'' |U-Erlik |Ibhayisikobho emfushane |- |2024 |''Abafowabo Abaphambili BaseSimi Valley: Ibhayisikobho'' |I-Broc | |- |I-TBA |''Idolobha Lombuso'' | |Ngemva kokukhiqizwa |} === Kumabonakude === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Unyaka !Isihloko !Indima !Amaphuzu |- |2017 |''Isikhali Esibulalayo'' |UScott |Isenzakalo: "Uthando Lobuzalwane" |- |2017 |''I-NCIS: I-Los Angeles'' |UFelix Swoope |Isenzakalo: "Ukubuka Okuhle" |- |2017 |''Ukungabi namahloni'' |Umdwebi Wemidwebo |Isenzakalo: "Yipuphi Indlela Yami?" |- |2020 |''Igazi Ebheji Lakhe'' |I-Latrell |Ibhayisikobho yethelevishini |- |2023 |''Iplanethi Enjwayelekile'' |Amaphimbo ahlukahlukene |Isenzakalo: "Umshini Oyandizayo" |- |2023 |''UMagnum P.I.'' |I-Loto Aina |Isenzakalo: "Ukunambitheka Kwengozi" |- |2023–2024 |''Wonke AmaMelika'' |UKai |Iziqephu ezingu-6 |- |2023-manje |''I-Plato'' |U-Andy |Indima ephindaphindwayo |- |2025 |''Indlu KaPapa'' |UDyrrl |Isenzakalo: "Babygirl" |- |2026 |''I-Nemesis'' |UDarren "Onsha" Stroman |Iziqephu ezingu-8 |} == Imithombo esetshenzisiwe == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1992]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] suiiwhq34dx41ldwbfzvkb1cyu1t1m9 0 35375 129237 129084 2026-09-20T03:08:04Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UNokuthula Natasha Thahane Tutu''' (wazalwa zingama-25 Mandulo 1995) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, uyamodela futhi ungunontandakubukwa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Magadla|first=Mahlohonolo|title=Style Crush: Natasha Thahane|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/fashion/style-crush-natasha-thahane-20210930|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Waziwa kakhulu ngezindima akazidlala ochungechungeni lukamabonakude singabala i''Blood & Water'', i''Skeem Saam'', i''The Queen'', kanye ne-''It's OK We're Family''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndlangisa|first=Amanda|date=29 August 2016|title=Celebs supporting Stop Racism Pretoria Girls High|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/archive/celebs-supporting-stop-racism-pretoria-girls-high-20170728|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Leteba|first=Lineo|title=One on one with Natasha Thahane|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/exclusive/one-on-one-with-natasha-thahane-20200610|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Muva nje ujoyine idrama ye-BET ethi Isono edlala indima kaMillicent. == Ukukhula Kwakhe == UThahane wazalelwa e-Orlando East ezalwa uTrevor Thamsanqa Tutu noNomaswazi Mamakoko.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-19|title=Biography of Natasha Thahane|url=https://southafricaportal.com/natasha-thahane/|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=South Africa Portal|language=en-US}}</ref> Ungumzukulu kaMbhishobhi Omkhulu [[Desmond Tutu|uDesmond Tutu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndlangisa|first=Amanda|title=Natasha on her famous grandpa, Archbishop Tutu|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/archive/natasha-on-her-famous-grandpa-archbishop-tutu-20170728|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Wathuthela [[IKapa|eKapa]] lapho afunda khona eMilneerton High School.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 January 2017 |title=Natasha Thahane's ongoing journey to success |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/News/natasha-thahanes-ongoing-journey-to-success-20170728 |journal=Drum |access-date=1 November 2021}}</ref> Waqhubeka waphothula iziqu ze-Accounting [[University of the Witwatersrand|e-University of the Witwatersrand]]. Ngonyaka wezi-2018, waphothula uhlelo lonyaka owadwa lwe-Conservatory kwezokulingisa kumafilimu e-New York Film Academy eManhattan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natasha Thahane|url=https://www.nyfa.edu/nyfa-news/alumni/natasha-thahane/|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Alumni {{!}} New York Film Academy|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030141109/https://www.nyfa.edu/nyfa-news/alumni/natasha-thahane/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Umsebenzi == UThahane wavela okokuqala kumabonakude esikhangisweni sakwa-Edgars sangonyaka wezi-2013. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wenza uchungechunge lwakhe lokuqala lukamabonakude esiqeshini sezindaba ezihlanganisiwe esasikhonjiswa ku-e.tv esithi eKasi: Our Stories esisihloko sithi "Drama King". Wabuya ngonyaka olandelayo ebuyela esinye isiqephu esithi "uManqoba". Wavela njengesivakashi enguFundiswa ku-season 1 we-Saints and Sinners waphinda indima efanayo kuseason 2 njengomlingisi oqhubekayo. Kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2015 kuya kowezi-2016, uThahane wathola ukuvelela ngendima yakhe ayeyidlala njengo-Enhle Tango kwisoap opera yakuSABC1 ethi <nowiki><i id="mwPw">Skeem Saam</i></nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndlangisa|first=Amanda|date=23 August 2016|title=WATCH: Natasha Thahane says goodbye to Skeem Saam|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/archive/watch-natasha-thahane-says-goodbye-to-skeem-saam-20170728|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Natasha Thahane annoyed at men meddling in her relationship with Thembinkosi Lorch|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/love-sex/relationships/natasha-thahane-annoyed-at-men-meddling-in-her-relationship-with-thembinkosi-lorch-f38210ff-7b64-417d-b4f6-e39f12e29d95|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> Washiya wajoyina iqembu loMzansi Magic televnovela i-The Queen njengo-Amogelang Maake. Wayehlala njalo ebizwa kumaseason amabili okuqala emva kwalokho waqhubeka namabili alandelayo. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ndlangisa|first=Amanda|title=Top 12 contenders for Mzansi's sexiest|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/top-12-contenders-for-mzansis-sexiest-20170728|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Usebenze njengoLeshae K ochungechungeni lwaka[[SABC 3|SABC3]] oluthi It's OK We're Family. Ngonyaka we-2019, wadlala indima kaKatlego Jali kuseaso yesi-4 neyesi-5 yeLockdown. Ngonyaka wezi-2020, waqala ukudlala indawo kaWendy Dlamini emdlalweni wobugebengu wentsha [[Netflix|kuNetflix]] i-Blood & Water.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Digital|first=TRUELOVE|title=WATCH {{!}} Netflix introduces new characters for Blood & Water season 2|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/exclusive/watch-netflix-introduces-new-characters-for-blood-water-season-2-20210211|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngawo lowo nyaka, wavela ochungechungeni lwe-BET Africa oluthi ''Isono'' futhi waqokwa njengenxusa lomkhiqizo we- "Garnier Even & Matte".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vilakazi|first=Palesa|date=19 February 2020|title=#BlackGirlMagic|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/blackgirlmagic-20200225|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=Truelove|language=en-US}}</ref> Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waphinde wavela esiqeshini esikhombisa impilo yakhe yangempela i-Top Billing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Skeem Saam star Natasha Thahane on Top Billing|url=http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Skeem-Saam-star-Natasha-Thahane-on-Top-Billing.html?articleID=2753|accessdate=2021-10-30|website=www.topbilling.com}}</ref> == Impilo yakhe yangasese == UThahane wathandana kafushane nomdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo [[Thembinkosi Lorch|UThembinkosi Lorch]] kusukela ngoNhlangulana kuya kuMandulo kowezi-2021. UThahane ungumama wendodana, alukho ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ngubani ubaba kamfana. == Ukuthwebula Amafilimu == === Ifilimu === {| class="wikitable" !Unyaka !ifilimu !Indima !Amaphuzu |- |2020 |''IKedibone'' |IKedibone Manamela | |- |} === Umabonakude === {| class="wikitable" !Unyaka !Amafilimu !Indima !Amaphuzu |- |2014–2015 |''IKasi: Our Stories'' |uClaire |Iziqephu ezimbili |- |2013 |Mama stole my hunk | |umlingisi oqavile |- |2014 |''Single Galz'' |uThuli |1 isiqephu |- |2014 |''Saints and Sinners'' |uFundiswa |Indima ephindaphindwayo |- |2015–2016 |''I-Skeem Saam'' |u-Enhle Tango |Indima ephindaphindwayo |- |2016 |''[[:en:Ses'Top_La|Ses'Top La]]'' |u-Unathi |1 isiqephu |- |2016–2020 |''[[:en:The_Queen_(South_African_TV_series)|The Queen]]'' |Amogelang Maake |umlingiswa oqavile (amaseason 1-2) Indima ephindaphindwayo (izinkathini 3-4) <br /> |- |2017–2018 |''It's OK We're Family'' |uLeshae K |Umlingiswa oqavile |- |2019 |''[[:en:Imbewu:_The_Seed|Imbewu: The Seed]]'' |uLiyana |iseason 1 |- |2019 |''Lockdown'' |uKatlego Jali |amaseason 4-5 |- |2020-manje |''[[:en:Blood_&_Water_(South_African_TV_series)|Blood & Water]]'' |uWendy Dlamini |umlingiswa oqavile |- |2020-manje |''Isono'' |uMillicent Zondo | |- |} == Imithombo yolwazi == == Izixhumanisi zangaphandle == * {{IMDb name|9877415}} * [https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17599 UNatasha Thahane] ku-TVSA [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1995]] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] it1gzsnfmn6efwbdwq9pl26ux89q556 0 35379 129251 129058 2026-09-20T04:52:36Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129251 wikitext text/x-wiki U-'''UYanela Mbuthuma''' (owazalwa zingama-23 Nhlolanja 2002) ungumdlali [[Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo|webhola likanobhutshuzwayo]] waseNingizimu Afrika odlala phambili odlalela iqembu i-Orlando Pirates e-South African Premier Division naseqenjini lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika. UMbuthuma waqala ukuba ingxenye yeqembu iRichards Bay yase Thohoyandou ngonyaka wezi-2022. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2022 |title=Richards Bay unveil 10 new signings ahead of 2022/23 DStv Premiership season |url=https://headtopics.com/za/richards-bay-unveil-10-new-signings-ahead-of-2022-23-dstv-premiership-season-27694800 |access-date=11 July 2023 |publisher=Head Topics South Africa }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Watholwa iqembi iRichards Bay kwi Khabba Cup, lapho aqokwa njengomdlali ovelele womcintiswano".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dladla, Nkululeko |date=14 June 2023 |title=Khabba Cup talent linked with Orlando Pirates |url=https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/khabba-cup-talent-linked-with-orlando-pirates |access-date=11 July 2023 |publisher=SABC Sport}}</ref> Umdlalo wakhe wokuqala ngonyaka wezi-2022-23 kwi South African Premier Division. Inqaku lakhe lokuqala kwaba yilona elanqobisa iqembu bedlala neSekhukhune United ngonyaka wezi-2022 KuNcwaba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Madlala, Robin-Duke |date=17 August 2022 |title=Yanela targets more goals accreditation |url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/yanela-targets-more-goals-20220815 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727075911/https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/yanela-targets-more-goals-20220815 |archive-date=27 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023 |publisher=Daily Sun}}</ref> Ngemuva kwesizini, iSunday Times yambheka njengomunye wabadlali okufanele badlalele amaqembu aphesheya ukuze athuthuke.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dindi, Sithembiso |date=1 July 2023 |title=Young players who need to play their last season in the PSL and move overseas |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2023-07-01-young-players-who-need-to-play-their-last-season-in-the-psl-and-move-overseas/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Sunday Times}}</ref> UMbuthuma wabizwa iqembu lokuqala laseNingizimu Afrika i-2023 COSAFA Cup .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbs, Herman |date=June 25, 2023 |title=Bright local talent called up to Bafana COSAFA squad |url=https://www.dfa.co.za/sport/bright-local-talent-called-up-to-bafana-cosafa-squad-e6458026-9923-4c7e-bcf1-6ac0b8f147ad/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=DFA}}</ref> Waphinde wadlalela iSouth Africa U23 ngawo loyonyaka, ngesikhathi se-2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations qualification.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2023 |title=Notoane names SA squad for CAF U23 Olympic Qualifiers clash against Congo |url=https://www.safa.net/2023/03/16/notoane-names-sa-squad-for-caf-u23-olympic-qualifiers-clash-against-congo/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |publisher=[[South African Football Association|SAFA]]}}</ref> == Imithombo yolwazi esetshenzisiwe == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-2002]] f0k93n8n6hzpsdx9q3ox8cy3yhrd8ix 0 35380 129176 129103 2026-09-19T12:26:04Z Fongcwele 16873 129176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Music genres --> | name = Kwaito | other_names = {{hlist|D'gong}} | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|House|marabi||disco|[[kwela]]|[[UMbaqanga]]|jazz|[[maskandi]]|hip hop|township pop a.k.a. "bubblegum"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hlasane |first= Rangoato |date=18 May 2021|title=State of emergency: The rise and the alchemy of the people's hit|url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-05-18-state-of-emergency-the-rise-and-the-alchemy-of-the-peoples-hit/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123151909/https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-05-18-state-of-emergency-the-rise-and-the-alchemy-of-the-peoples-hit/|archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref>}} | cultural_origins = Late 1980s–1990s, South Africa | derivatives = {{hlist|Afro house|African trap music (ATM)|[[:fr:Afro trap|afro trap]]|[[gqom]]}} | subgenrelist = | subgenres = {{hlist|Durban kwaito|guz|kwai-jazz}} | fusiongenres = {{hlist|Bacardi house|[[amapiano]]}} | other_topics = {{hlist|Afro fusion|[[motswako]]|shangaan electro}} }} [[File:Kwaito in isibheqe script.png|thumb|Elithi Kwaito ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] I'''Kwaito''' (''iKwayito'') uhlobo lomculo olwavela [[Soweto|eSoweto]], eGoli, eNingizimu Afrika, ekupheleni kweshuminyaka yowe-1980 nasekuqaleni kowe-1990. Ingumsindo obonisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisindo namasagulo zaseNingizimu Afrika. Amaculo eKwaito agijima ngesiqubu esisililizayo kunezinye izinhlobo zomculo we-house futhi zivame ukuba nezangulo zomculo we-melodic ne-percussive loop, imigqa yembodlongo ejulile kanye namazwi. Zifana kakhulu nesiqubu sasekuqaleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1990 somculo we-house waseNew York. ==uMsukagama== Igama elithi ''kwaito'' livela olimini lwesishalambombo saseNingizimu Afrika elithi "kwaai," elidlulisa umqondo osho "okuhle" noma "okubi" ngokomongo omuhle. Leli gama elithi "kwaai" ngokwalo linemvelaphi yolimi [[IsiBhunu|lwesibhunu]], lapho ekuqaleni lalisho ukuthi "ulaka" noma "ubudlova." Kodwa ngokosiko lwentsha yaseNingizimu Afrika, laguquka umqondo ukuze limelele into ethandekayo noma enhle.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kwaito|title=Kwaito|last=Anonymous|date=2011-03-22|work=South African History Online|access-date=2017-11-15|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906225017/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kwaito}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/kwaito-woeker-tog-te-lekker-met-afrikaans-20171008|title=Kwaito woeker tog te lekker met Afrikaans|work=Netwerk24|access-date=2017-11-15|language=en|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115222029/https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/kwaito-woeker-tog-te-lekker-met-afrikaans-20171008}}</ref> Umculo weKwaito wenza isiko lasemalokishini langemva kobandlululo libe undabuzekwayo nakuba ulimi lwesibhunu lwaluyamaniswa nombuso wobandlululo nengcindezelo yobuhlanga, amagama esibhunu ngokuvamile ayesetshenziswa olimini olubizwa ''Sabela'' kanye nesicamtho, futhi asetsheziswa kabusha ngomongo omusha. uM'du Masilela, oyingqalabutho engumculi wekwaito, wathi, "Lapho umculo wehouse uba yisibunge, abantu basemalokishi bawubiza ngokuthi iKwaito basusela egameni lesibhunu elithi ''kwai'', okusho ukuthi lezo zingoma zazishisa futhi zithandwa kakhulu."<ref name="bnet">{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_28/ai_n15648564/pg_6 |title=South African music after Apartheid: kwaito, the "party politic," and the appropriation of gold as a sign of success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110003545/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_28/ai_n15648564/pg_6 |work=Popular Music and Society |issue=3 |volume=28 |archive-date=10 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pennycook |first1=Alastair |title=Innovations and Challenges in Applied Linguistics from the Global South |last2=Makoni |first2=Sinfree |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-95176-3 |language=en}}</ref> Igama lesicamtho elisuselwa kwelesibhunu elithi ''kwaai'' lalithi ''amakwaitosi'', elisho ukuthi ''izigcwelegcwele''. UArthur Mafokate wachazisa ubudlelwane bekwaito nobugcwelegcwele njengomculo oshwiliza empilweni yaselokishi. [[File:M'du Performing Live On Stage.jpg|thumb|uMdu eqhogoya ngowezi-2016]] ==uMlando== IKwaito yavela futhi yaguquka eNingizimu Afrika njengohlobo lomculo we-house Ekupheleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1980 nasekuqaleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1990,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Steingo |first=Gavin |year=2008 |title=Historicizing Kwaito |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30250016 |url-status=live |journal=University of Rhodes |publisher=International Library of African Music |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=76–91 |jstor=30250016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202081408/https://www.jstor.org/stable/30250016 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref> yaba Umculo ophambili esikweni langemva kokuphela kobandlululo. Izikole zasemalolishini zazithwele kanzima ngokwezimali futhi zihluleka ukuhlunzeka abafundi nezifundo zomculo ezinganothisa ibungcwethi babo bezemfundo. Ngenkathi yombuzo wobandlululo nangemva kwalo, uhlelo lwezemfundo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lwalugcwele ukucwasa nokungalingani. Izikole [[Inxuluma|zasemanxulumeni]] zazithola izinsizakusebemza ezimbalwa noxhaso olunganele lapho ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezisezindaweni ezicebile, okwakwenza amathuba abafundi basemanxulumeni angeneli. Ngokwalomongo, ikwaito yavela njengomunxa owawungadingi umchachiso womculo ohlelekile, nezikhala zokuvitha ezinkulu, noma izinsimbi zomculo ezibizayo, ngaleyondlela ihlinzeka ngofikelelo olukhethekile kubantu abasemiphakathini ehlwempu. Imigoqo embalwa yokwenza lomculo yavumela ukuba intsha yasemanxulumeni iwuthande umculo futhi iveza ubuciko bayo ngawo, kungakhathaliseki imigoqo eyayibekwe isimondawo sezemfundo nesezomnotho.<ref name="autogenerated12">Magubane, Zine. "Globalization and Gangster Rap: Hip-Hop in the Post-Apartheid City." In ''The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture'', ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, pp. 208–229. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.</ref> Abantu abaqavile emculweni weKwaito lapho usaqala bahlanganisa uMdu Masilela (M'du), uMandla "Spikiri" Mofokeng, uArthur Mafokate, uSandy B namaqembu afana ne-MM Deluxe (M'du Masilela noSpikiri), [[Boom Shaka|iBoom Shaka]] ( u[[Lebo Mathosa]], uTheo Nhlengethwa, no[[Thembi Seete]]), iTrompies (uSpikiri, uMahoota, uDonald Duck,u Jakarumba, noMjokes), iB.O.P, TKZee (uTokollo Tshabalala, uKabelo Mabalane, noZwai Bala) i[[Bongo Maffin]] (uStone Seate, uJah Seed, Speedy, benoThandiswa Mazwai) bonke amagalelo abo abumba ubuhlonzi bomculo nobesiko. IKwaito yayingenamfuneko yolwazi oluhleliwe lomchachiso womculo, isikhala zokuvitha, nezimsimbi zomculo ezibizayo, okwayenza kwabe lula ukuyifikelela kubantu basemanxulumeni ahlwempu.<ref name="autogenerated12" /> ==Izinkondolo== Umculo weKwaito uphawuleka ngesigqi sawo esisililizayo. Lomculo udume ngembodlongo yawo edidiyelwe namaculo anolwangu olusheshayo, nomvumo ohambisanayo. Izifanelo zesigubhu sekwaito zithonywe ngumculo we-house, kodwana zigunundwa ngendlela ejambalele. Lo mculo ngokuvamile uhlanganisa izinguxa zesigubhu nezigujana zamazuba. Ubuchule bokukhiqiza ikwaito buvame ukubandakanya ukusangula emculweni waseNingizimu Afrika womdabu, ihiphop ne-disco. Ithonya lomculo wesiZulu luphawuleka kakhulu, njengoba ikwaito ivame ukuxuba izigqi nezici zomculo wesiZulu womdabu. Izosha zekwaito zivame ukuhlatshelelwa ngendlela esangxoxo noma elandisayo. Izosha ziqhogoywa ngezilimi ezihlukene zaseNingizimu Afrika, ezifana nesiZulu, isiSuthu, nesiBhunu, futhi adingida izingqilithi ezifana nesithasiselo sezenhlalo bezombusazwe kuya ebungxwetino bomuntu siqu nezihloko zokujabula. Kwezinye izikhathi izosha zekwaito ziyahlambalaza, ziveza izindaba ezibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwesiTsotsi kwengeza ekunotheni kolimi lomculo.<ref name="autogenerated14">Mhlambi, Thokozani. "Kwaitofabulous: the Study of a South African urban genre." ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', Volume 1, pp. 116–127. University of Cape Town. 2004</ref><ref>Thokozani, Mhlambi. "Kwaitofabulous: the study of a South African urban genre". ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', Volume 1 2004, pp. 116–127.</ref><ref>Swink, Simone. Kwaito: Much more than Music. 7 January 2003.</ref><ref name="autogenerated7">Robinson, Simon. "That's Kwaito Style." ''Time Magazine'', 11 April 2004.</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=9 June 1999 |title=Kwaito: South Africa's hip-hop? |url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006030710/http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/ |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated8">[http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/kwaitomental.htm Swink, Simone. "Kwaito: Much More Than Music". ''South Africa''. 7 January 2003.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317142457/http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/kwaitomental.htm|date=17 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanneh |first=Kelefa |date=2005-08-25 |title=Hip-Hop Hybrids That Scramble Traditions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/25/arts/music/hiphop-hybrids-that-scramble-traditions.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217132130/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/25/arts/music/hiphop-hybrids-that-scramble-traditions.html |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-17 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==Abesifazane kukwaito== [[File:Bongo_Maffin_Vienna-6.2008b.jpg|thumb|Iqembu leKwaito iBongo Muffin, elinomhlabaleleli wesifazane uThandiswa Mazwai]] Ekuqaleni komculo weKwaito bekuchachaza abesilisa, kungumculo wabo, kusuka kubaculi kuya kubaphathi.<ref>Mhlambi, Thokozani. "Kwaitofabulous': The study of a South African urban genre." ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', vol 1 (2004): 116–127.</ref> Kodwa, babekhona abaculi besifazane abambalwa abakwazi ukuphumelela nabo. [[Brenda Fassie|UBrenda Fassie]], isihlabani somculo odumile eNingizimu Afrika, washesha wangena emgqeni wavula IKwaito esuka kububblegum kwishumiminyaka lowe1990. Ngokomagazine obizwa ccording to ''Time'', wayedume ngesimo sakhe sengqondo sokuba umshoza nezinkiyankiya ezibandakanya ucansi nezidakamizwa, kuhlanganisa nezosha zakhe ezazithinta izindaba ezibucayi zempilo namaSiko waseAfrika.<ref>Philadelphia, Desa. "The Madonna of the Townships." Time. [https://web.archive.org/web/20011107124650/http://www.time.com/time/musicgoesglobal/africa/mfassie.html]. Accessed 29 February 2008.</ref> [[Lebo Mathosa|ULebo Mathosa]] yena waduma ngenxa yeqembu ayekulo elibizwa [[Boom Shaka]], Kodwa kamuva waphuma ibhodwe lakhe wazimela, ngenxa yokuba "ihlangandebe" ngenxa yezosha zakhe nokusina kwakhe okuqhakambisa ucansi, waba nesibunge esikhulu, futhi waqhooya nasemgubhweni wosuku lokuzalwa wama-85 ka[[Nelson Mandela]]. ULebo Mathosa Waphinde waqhogoya nezihlabani zaseMelika ezifana no[[Will Smith]], uMissy Elliott futhi waqopha iculo lababuli ekanye noKeith Sweat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-10-24 |title=Remembering South Africa's 'wild child' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6081090.stm |access-date=2024-08-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Umculi obizwa Iyaya, owayeseqenjini elibizwa Abashante, wayaziwa "ngokuqhakambisa imikhuba yezocansi ingcagca lapho esesimgangeni".<ref name="autogenerated11">Levin, Adam. [http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/music/9807/980730-ghetto.html "Girlz in the mood"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524041944/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/music/9807/980730-ghetto.html|date=24 May 2005}}. Posted 30 July 1998. Accessed 29 February 2008.</ref> Amalunga eqembu labesifazane bodwa lekwaito elalibizwa Ghetto luv, ahlanganisa uGoddess, uVenus, uChocolate benoRasta Queen. Nabo besebenzisa ucansi emculweni wabo, beveza konke bukhoma; esithombeni secwecwe labo lokuqala elibizwa ''You Ain't Gonna Get None'' bathwetshulwa behambaze bonke. Lapho umculo weKwaito usahluma, iqembu leBoom Shaka lavela njengezwi labesifazane abasebasha nanjengophawu lokubafukula. Lalisebenzisa ucansi nobulili njengendlela yokuziveza nokugubha ukuba Owesifazane onsundu onezinkanuko zocansi ezingokwemvelo. IBoom Shaka yayizibandakanya kwezobushoshovu bezombusazwe ngokumela amaphimbo wabesifazane ikakhulu lapho liqopha iculo Leziswe laseNingizimu Afrika elaligcizelela amakhono abesifazane nonthelela wabo ekuletheni izinguquko emphakathini. IKwaito yahlinzeka abesifazane nhlobo omusha lwenkundla yokuzikhulumela eNingizimu Afrika yangemva kobandlululo.<ref>Magubane, Zine. "Globalization and Gangster Rap: Hip Hop in the Post-Apartheid City." In ''The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture'', ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 208–229. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press</ref> Isibhalwa esavela ku''[[CNN]]'' sabheka iqembu leBoom Shaka kanye neleTKZee njenganetgonya elikhulu emculweni waseNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/.html Wright, Steve. "Kwaito:South Africa's hip-hop?". Posted 9 June 1999. Accessed 29 February 2008.]{{dead link|date=May 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Umculo weBoom Shaka waba nesibunge esikhulu hhayi kuphela eNingizimu Afrika Kodwa kulo lonke elaseAfrika. Umculo waleli qembu wawumelela izwi labantu abasha ababenganakiwe ohulumeni bangamve kobuqoneli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=(R)evolution in 4/4: The contribution of South Africa's urban music to new meanings of freedom |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-04-26-revolution-in-4-4-the-contribution-of-south-africas-urban-music-to-new-meanings-of-freedom/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517132619/https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-04-26-revolution-in-4-4-the-contribution-of-south-africas-urban-music-to-new-meanings-of-freedom/ |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ==Iminxa emincane nezinhlobo== ==== iKwaito yangomuso ==== IKwaito yangomuso, eyasungulwa nguStiffpap kwishumimnyaka lezi-2010, ixuba umculo wekwaito ongokweniambiso negqom, nomculo wedrone, nomculo wezimboni nomculo we-house.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-01 |title=A New Generation of South Africans Are Reviving 90s Genre Kwaito |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/vbj4ej/south-africa-new-kwaito-generation-scene-report-feature |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101073935/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vbj4ej/south-africa-new-kwaito-generation-scene-report-feature }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-03 |title=DJ Tira, Kid X, KO: The stars behind kwaito's revival |url=https://www.redbull.com/us-en/dont-call-it-kwaito |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=Red Bull |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502042858/https://www.redbull.com/us-en/dont-call-it-kwaito }}</ref> === Umsindo weGuz === Umsindo weTKZee obizwa "guz" uyisibonelo sengxubano yehip-hop nezici zekwaito, futhi uphawula inguquko phakathi kwalomunxa. Wagcina isigqi sekwaito esiyingaikithi futhi yafaka izijobelelo sethonya lehiphop yemishumiminyaka lowe-1990 ngezosha zokuqhwakuza. Umsindo weGuz wabonisa indlela IKwaito eguquke ngayo ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, ngokudidiyrla izici lehiphop. Umsindo weGuz uphawuleka ngokuthandwa abantu abaningi kakhulu.<ref{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-12-07 |title=Kwaito: Golden or new age? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412122233/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ }}</ref> ==== IKwaito Yenkathi Entsha==== IKwaito Yenkathi Entsha ivuba ihip hop nezangulo "zekwaito yamzukwana". Yavela ngowezi-2017 futhi yandiswa abaculi abanjengo[[Kwesta]], Riky Rick, Spoek Mathambo, Okmalumkoolkat, [[Cassper Nyovest]] noK.O.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-12-07 |title=Kwaito: Golden or new age? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412122233/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ }}</ref> ==== ISkhanda Rap ==== ISkhanda Rap sixuba izici ezingokwenkambiso zekwaito nokuqhwakuza. ISkhanda rap saqala ukubumbek maphakathi no2010, amaciko ahlanganisa uK.O, uMa-E, uMaggz, uKid X noMoozlie. Icwecwe elithi, ''Skhanda Republic'', lakubeka sobala futhi lachasisa ubuhlonzi besiskhanda rap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moncho-Maripane |first=Kgomotso |date=2016-01-02 |title=K.O is still Skhanda, and still winning |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/ko-is-still-skhanda-and-still-winning-20160313 |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=City Press |language=en-US |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809123712/https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/ko-is-still-skhanda-and-still-winning-20160313 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ndlovu |first=Bruce |date=6 May 2017 |title=K.O rebuilds fallen empire |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/k-o-rebuilds-fallen-empire/ }}</ref> === Kwai-jazz === IKwai-jazz, iyikwaito edidiyelwe nezici zejazz eyasungulwa nguDon Laka ngowe- 1980.<ref name=":5" /> ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Umculo waseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Umculo]] 96f7gh9bbcayzmxyrgpt5y7nf8y6c7j 129246 129176 2026-09-20T04:32:12Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Amaphatho */ 129246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Music genres --> | name = Kwaito | other_names = {{hlist|D'gong}} | stylistic_origins = {{hlist|House|marabi||disco|[[kwela]]|[[UMbaqanga]]|jazz|[[maskandi]]|hip hop|township pop a.k.a. "bubblegum"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hlasane |first= Rangoato |date=18 May 2021|title=State of emergency: The rise and the alchemy of the people's hit|url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-05-18-state-of-emergency-the-rise-and-the-alchemy-of-the-peoples-hit/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123151909/https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-05-18-state-of-emergency-the-rise-and-the-alchemy-of-the-peoples-hit/|archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref>}} | cultural_origins = Late 1980s–1990s, South Africa | derivatives = {{hlist|Afro house|African trap music (ATM)|[[:fr:Afro trap|afro trap]]|[[gqom]]}} | subgenrelist = | subgenres = {{hlist|Durban kwaito|guz|kwai-jazz}} | fusiongenres = {{hlist|Bacardi house|[[amapiano]]}} | other_topics = {{hlist|Afro fusion|[[motswako]]|shangaan electro}} }} [[File:Kwaito in isibheqe script.png|thumb|Elithi Kwaito ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] I'''Kwaito''' (''iKwayito'') uhlobo lomculo olwavela [[Soweto|eSoweto]], eGoli, eNingizimu Afrika, ekupheleni kweshuminyaka yowe-1980 nasekuqaleni kowe-1990. Ingumsindo obonisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisindo namasagulo zaseNingizimu Afrika. Amaculo eKwaito agijima ngesiqubu esisililizayo kunezinye izinhlobo zomculo we-house futhi zivame ukuba nezangulo zomculo we-melodic ne-percussive loop, imigqa yembodlongo ejulile kanye namazwi. Zifana kakhulu nesiqubu sasekuqaleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1990 somculo we-house waseNew York. ==uMsukagama== Igama elithi ''kwaito'' livela olimini lwesishalambombo saseNingizimu Afrika elithi "kwaai," elidlulisa umqondo osho "okuhle" noma "okubi" ngokomongo omuhle. Leli gama elithi "kwaai" ngokwalo linemvelaphi yolimi [[IsiBhunu|lwesibhunu]], lapho ekuqaleni lalisho ukuthi "ulaka" noma "ubudlova." Kodwa ngokosiko lwentsha yaseNingizimu Afrika, laguquka umqondo ukuze limelele into ethandekayo noma enhle.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kwaito|title=Kwaito|last=Anonymous|date=2011-03-22|work=South African History Online|access-date=2017-11-15|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906225017/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/kwaito}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/kwaito-woeker-tog-te-lekker-met-afrikaans-20171008|title=Kwaito woeker tog te lekker met Afrikaans|work=Netwerk24|access-date=2017-11-15|language=en|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115222029/https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Algemeen/kwaito-woeker-tog-te-lekker-met-afrikaans-20171008}}</ref> Umculo weKwaito wenza isiko lasemalokishini langemva kobandlululo libe undabuzekwayo nakuba ulimi lwesibhunu lwaluyamaniswa nombuso wobandlululo nengcindezelo yobuhlanga, amagama esibhunu ngokuvamile ayesetshenziswa olimini olubizwa ''Sabela'' kanye nesicamtho, futhi asetsheziswa kabusha ngomongo omusha. uM'du Masilela, oyingqalabutho engumculi wekwaito, wathi, "Lapho umculo wehouse uba yisibunge, abantu basemalokishi bawubiza ngokuthi iKwaito basusela egameni lesibhunu elithi ''kwai'', okusho ukuthi lezo zingoma zazishisa futhi zithandwa kakhulu."<ref name="bnet">{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_28/ai_n15648564/pg_6 |title=South African music after Apartheid: kwaito, the "party politic," and the appropriation of gold as a sign of success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110003545/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2822/is_3_28/ai_n15648564/pg_6 |work=Popular Music and Society |issue=3 |volume=28 |archive-date=10 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pennycook |first1=Alastair |title=Innovations and Challenges in Applied Linguistics from the Global South |last2=Makoni |first2=Sinfree |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-95176-3 |language=en}}</ref> Igama lesicamtho elisuselwa kwelesibhunu elithi ''kwaai'' lalithi ''amakwaitosi'', elisho ukuthi ''izigcwelegcwele''. UArthur Mafokate wachazisa ubudlelwane bekwaito nobugcwelegcwele njengomculo oshwiliza empilweni yaselokishi. [[File:M'du Performing Live On Stage.jpg|thumb|uMdu eqhogoya ngowezi-2016]] ==uMlando== IKwaito yavela futhi yaguquka eNingizimu Afrika njengohlobo lomculo we-house Ekupheleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1980 nasekuqaleni kweshumiminyaka lowe-1990,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Steingo |first=Gavin |year=2008 |title=Historicizing Kwaito |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30250016 |url-status=live |journal=University of Rhodes |publisher=International Library of African Music |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=76–91 |jstor=30250016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202081408/https://www.jstor.org/stable/30250016 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref> yaba Umculo ophambili esikweni langemva kokuphela kobandlululo. Izikole zasemalolishini zazithwele kanzima ngokwezimali futhi zihluleka ukuhlunzeka abafundi nezifundo zomculo ezinganothisa ibungcwethi babo bezemfundo. Ngenkathi yombuzo wobandlululo nangemva kwalo, uhlelo lwezemfundo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lwalugcwele ukucwasa nokungalingani. Izikole [[Inxuluma|zasemanxulumeni]] zazithola izinsizakusebemza ezimbalwa noxhaso olunganele lapho ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezisezindaweni ezicebile, okwakwenza amathuba abafundi basemanxulumeni angeneli. Ngokwalomongo, ikwaito yavela njengomunxa owawungadingi umchachiso womculo ohlelekile, nezikhala zokuvitha ezinkulu, noma izinsimbi zomculo ezibizayo, ngaleyondlela ihlinzeka ngofikelelo olukhethekile kubantu abasemiphakathini ehlwempu. Imigoqo embalwa yokwenza lomculo yavumela ukuba intsha yasemanxulumeni iwuthande umculo futhi iveza ubuciko bayo ngawo, kungakhathaliseki imigoqo eyayibekwe isimondawo sezemfundo nesezomnotho.<ref name="autogenerated12">Magubane, Zine. "Globalization and Gangster Rap: Hip-Hop in the Post-Apartheid City." In ''The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture'', ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, pp. 208–229. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.</ref> Abantu abaqavile emculweni weKwaito lapho usaqala bahlanganisa uMdu Masilela (M'du), uMandla "Spikiri" Mofokeng, uArthur Mafokate, uSandy B namaqembu afana ne-MM Deluxe (M'du Masilela noSpikiri), [[Boom Shaka|iBoom Shaka]] ( u[[Lebo Mathosa]], uTheo Nhlengethwa, no[[Thembi Seete]]), iTrompies (uSpikiri, uMahoota, uDonald Duck,u Jakarumba, noMjokes), iB.O.P, TKZee (uTokollo Tshabalala, uKabelo Mabalane, noZwai Bala) i[[Bongo Maffin]] (uStone Seate, uJah Seed, Speedy, benoThandiswa Mazwai) bonke amagalelo abo abumba ubuhlonzi bomculo nobesiko. IKwaito yayingenamfuneko yolwazi oluhleliwe lomchachiso womculo, isikhala zokuvitha, nezimsimbi zomculo ezibizayo, okwayenza kwabe lula ukuyifikelela kubantu basemanxulumeni ahlwempu.<ref name="autogenerated12" /> ==Izinkondolo== Umculo weKwaito uphawuleka ngesigqi sawo esisililizayo. Lomculo udume ngembodlongo yawo edidiyelwe namaculo anolwangu olusheshayo, nomvumo ohambisanayo. Izifanelo zesigubhu sekwaito zithonywe ngumculo we-house, kodwana zigunundwa ngendlela ejambalele. Lo mculo ngokuvamile uhlanganisa izinguxa zesigubhu nezigujana zamazuba. Ubuchule bokukhiqiza ikwaito buvame ukubandakanya ukusangula emculweni waseNingizimu Afrika womdabu, ihiphop ne-disco. Ithonya lomculo wesiZulu luphawuleka kakhulu, njengoba ikwaito ivame ukuxuba izigqi nezici zomculo wesiZulu womdabu. Izosha zekwaito zivame ukuhlatshelelwa ngendlela esangxoxo noma elandisayo. Izosha ziqhogoywa ngezilimi ezihlukene zaseNingizimu Afrika, ezifana nesiZulu, isiSuthu, nesiBhunu, futhi adingida izingqilithi ezifana nesithasiselo sezenhlalo bezombusazwe kuya ebungxwetino bomuntu siqu nezihloko zokujabula. Kwezinye izikhathi izosha zekwaito ziyahlambalaza, ziveza izindaba ezibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwesiTsotsi kwengeza ekunotheni kolimi lomculo.<ref name="autogenerated14">Mhlambi, Thokozani. "Kwaitofabulous: the Study of a South African urban genre." ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', Volume 1, pp. 116–127. University of Cape Town. 2004</ref><ref>Thokozani, Mhlambi. "Kwaitofabulous: the study of a South African urban genre". ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', Volume 1 2004, pp. 116–127.</ref><ref>Swink, Simone. Kwaito: Much more than Music. 7 January 2003.</ref><ref name="autogenerated7">Robinson, Simon. "That's Kwaito Style." ''Time Magazine'', 11 April 2004.</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=9 June 1999 |title=Kwaito: South Africa's hip-hop? |url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006030710/http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/ |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=29 February 2008 |work=CNN}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated8">[http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/kwaitomental.htm Swink, Simone. "Kwaito: Much More Than Music". ''South Africa''. 7 January 2003.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100317142457/http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/features/kwaitomental.htm|date=17 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanneh |first=Kelefa |date=2005-08-25 |title=Hip-Hop Hybrids That Scramble Traditions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/25/arts/music/hiphop-hybrids-that-scramble-traditions.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217132130/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/25/arts/music/hiphop-hybrids-that-scramble-traditions.html |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=2023-02-17 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==Abesifazane kukwaito== [[File:Bongo_Maffin_Vienna-6.2008b.jpg|thumb|Iqembu leKwaito iBongo Muffin, elinomhlabaleleli wesifazane uThandiswa Mazwai]] Ekuqaleni komculo weKwaito bekuchachaza abesilisa, kungumculo wabo, kusuka kubaculi kuya kubaphathi.<ref>Mhlambi, Thokozani. "Kwaitofabulous': The study of a South African urban genre." ''Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa'', vol 1 (2004): 116–127.</ref> Kodwa, babekhona abaculi besifazane abambalwa abakwazi ukuphumelela nabo. [[Brenda Fassie|UBrenda Fassie]], isihlabani somculo odumile eNingizimu Afrika, washesha wangena emgqeni wavula IKwaito esuka kububblegum kwishumiminyaka lowe1990. Ngokomagazine obizwa ccording to ''Time'', wayedume ngesimo sakhe sengqondo sokuba umshoza nezinkiyankiya ezibandakanya ucansi nezidakamizwa, kuhlanganisa nezosha zakhe ezazithinta izindaba ezibucayi zempilo namaSiko waseAfrika.<ref>Philadelphia, Desa. "The Madonna of the Townships." Time. [https://web.archive.org/web/20011107124650/http://www.time.com/time/musicgoesglobal/africa/mfassie.html]. Accessed 29 February 2008.</ref> [[Lebo Mathosa|ULebo Mathosa]] yena waduma ngenxa yeqembu ayekulo elibizwa [[Boom Shaka]], Kodwa kamuva waphuma ibhodwe lakhe wazimela, ngenxa yokuba "ihlangandebe" ngenxa yezosha zakhe nokusina kwakhe okuqhakambisa ucansi, waba nesibunge esikhulu, futhi waqhooya nasemgubhweni wosuku lokuzalwa wama-85 ka[[Nelson Mandela]]. ULebo Mathosa Waphinde waqhogoya nezihlabani zaseMelika ezifana no[[Will Smith]], uMissy Elliott futhi waqopha iculo lababuli ekanye noKeith Sweat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-10-24 |title=Remembering South Africa's 'wild child' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6081090.stm |access-date=2024-08-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Umculi obizwa Iyaya, owayeseqenjini elibizwa Abashante, wayaziwa "ngokuqhakambisa imikhuba yezocansi ingcagca lapho esesimgangeni".<ref name="autogenerated11">Levin, Adam. [http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/music/9807/980730-ghetto.html "Girlz in the mood"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524041944/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/art/music/9807/980730-ghetto.html|date=24 May 2005}}. Posted 30 July 1998. Accessed 29 February 2008.</ref> Amalunga eqembu labesifazane bodwa lekwaito elalibizwa Ghetto luv, ahlanganisa uGoddess, uVenus, uChocolate benoRasta Queen. Nabo besebenzisa ucansi emculweni wabo, beveza konke bukhoma; esithombeni secwecwe labo lokuqala elibizwa ''You Ain't Gonna Get None'' bathwetshulwa behambaze bonke. Lapho umculo weKwaito usahluma, iqembu leBoom Shaka lavela njengezwi labesifazane abasebasha nanjengophawu lokubafukula. Lalisebenzisa ucansi nobulili njengendlela yokuziveza nokugubha ukuba Owesifazane onsundu onezinkanuko zocansi ezingokwemvelo. IBoom Shaka yayizibandakanya kwezobushoshovu bezombusazwe ngokumela amaphimbo wabesifazane ikakhulu lapho liqopha iculo Leziswe laseNingizimu Afrika elaligcizelela amakhono abesifazane nonthelela wabo ekuletheni izinguquko emphakathini. IKwaito yahlinzeka abesifazane nhlobo omusha lwenkundla yokuzikhulumela eNingizimu Afrika yangemva kobandlululo.<ref>Magubane, Zine. "Globalization and Gangster Rap: Hip Hop in the Post-Apartheid City." In ''The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture'', ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 208–229. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press</ref> Isibhalwa esavela ku''[[CNN]]'' sabheka iqembu leBoom Shaka kanye neleTKZee njenganetgonya elikhulu emculweni waseNingizimu Afrika.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb/.html Wright, Steve. "Kwaito:South Africa's hip-hop?". Posted 9 June 1999. Accessed 29 February 2008.]{{dead link|date=May 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Umculo weBoom Shaka waba nesibunge esikhulu hhayi kuphela eNingizimu Afrika Kodwa kulo lonke elaseAfrika. Umculo waleli qembu wawumelela izwi labantu abasha ababenganakiwe ohulumeni bangamve kobuqoneli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=(R)evolution in 4/4: The contribution of South Africa's urban music to new meanings of freedom |url=https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-04-26-revolution-in-4-4-the-contribution-of-south-africas-urban-music-to-new-meanings-of-freedom/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517132619/https://mg.co.za/friday/2021-04-26-revolution-in-4-4-the-contribution-of-south-africas-urban-music-to-new-meanings-of-freedom/ |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ==Iminxa emincane nezinhlobo== ==== iKwaito yangomuso ==== IKwaito yangomuso, eyasungulwa nguStiffpap kwishumimnyaka lezi-2010, ixuba umculo wekwaito ongokweniambiso negqom, nomculo wedrone, nomculo wezimboni nomculo we-house.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-01 |title=A New Generation of South Africans Are Reviving 90s Genre Kwaito |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/vbj4ej/south-africa-new-kwaito-generation-scene-report-feature |access-date=2024-08-09 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101073935/https://www.vice.com/en/article/vbj4ej/south-africa-new-kwaito-generation-scene-report-feature }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-03 |title=DJ Tira, Kid X, KO: The stars behind kwaito's revival |url=https://www.redbull.com/us-en/dont-call-it-kwaito |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=Red Bull |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502042858/https://www.redbull.com/us-en/dont-call-it-kwaito }}</ref> === Umsindo weGuz === Umsindo weTKZee obizwa "guz" uyisibonelo sengxubano yehip-hop nezici zekwaito, futhi uphawula inguquko phakathi kwalomunxa. Wagcina isigqi sekwaito esiyingaikithi futhi yafaka izijobelelo sethonya lehiphop yemishumiminyaka lowe-1990 ngezosha zokuqhwakuza. Umsindo weGuz wabonisa indlela IKwaito eguquke ngayo ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, ngokudidiyrla izici lehiphop. Umsindo weGuz uphawuleka ngokuthandwa abantu abaningi kakhulu.<ref{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-12-07 |title=Kwaito: Golden or new age? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412122233/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ }}</ref> ==== IKwaito Yenkathi Entsha==== IKwaito Yenkathi Entsha ivuba ihip hop nezangulo "zekwaito yamzukwana". Yavela ngowezi-2017 futhi yandiswa abaculi abanjengo[[Kwesta]], Riky Rick, Spoek Mathambo, Okmalumkoolkat, [[Cassper Nyovest]] noK.O.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2018-12-07 |title=Kwaito: Golden or new age? |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412122233/https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-kwaito-golden-or-new-age/ }}</ref> ==== ISkhanda Rap ==== ISkhanda Rap sixuba izici ezingokwenkambiso zekwaito nokuqhwakuza. ISkhanda rap saqala ukubumbek maphakathi no2010, amaciko ahlanganisa uK.O, uMa-E, uMaggz, uKid X noMoozlie. Icwecwe elithi, ''Skhanda Republic'', lakubeka sobala futhi lachasisa ubuhlonzi besiskhanda rap.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moncho-Maripane |first=Kgomotso |date=2016-01-02 |title=K.O is still Skhanda, and still winning |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/ko-is-still-skhanda-and-still-winning-20160313 |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=City Press |language=en-US |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809123712/https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/ko-is-still-skhanda-and-still-winning-20160313 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ndlovu |first=Bruce |date=6 May 2017 |title=K.O rebuilds fallen empire |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/k-o-rebuilds-fallen-empire/ }}</ref> === Kwai-jazz === IKwai-jazz, iyikwaito edidiyelwe nezici zejazz eyasungulwa nguDon Laka ngowe- 1980.<ref name=":5" /> ==Indima nokubaluleka ngokwesiko== ULivermon ubhala uthi, "abaculi beKwaito bazibeka ngaphakathi futhi besesikhaleni sesidlavela becebisana nesimo eziyinkiya zempilo yangemva kobandlululo. Loluthungethunge lokucebisana, ukuthamunda nemvezo ephilwayo, lubhekana nobuphakuphaku bobuciko kulomchazahlanga..."<ref name=":0" /> Ngalomchazahlang oqhogowayo, iKwaito izibeke esimweni sokubeka ngaphezu komunxa womculo; IKwaito iphendula izwi nombutho ophathekayo oveza inkululeko yabansundu eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kobandlululo. Kusiqophalando esithi ''Freedom Sounds'' , u[[Thandiswa Mazwai]] udingida ngokungeniswa kabusha kwentsha yaseNingizimu Afrika kuzeitgeist yomphakathi neyokuqhogoya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Spotify |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Freedom Sounds: From Kwaito to AmaPiano |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeHOSfcLWQs |website=YouTube}}</ref> Lokhu kuduma kunenfuneko yokuthi abaqhogoyayo bakhabyise izici ezihlukene zokuba Umculi weKwaito, okubahlinzeka ngendlela yokufubda aban abansundu nokubajabulisayo ezilandisweni zamandla".<ref name=":0" /> Ukuzazi ukuthi umuntu unamandla angakanani ngokuqhogoya kuba okuguqulayo. Isu lokuba oguqulayo aliveli ngoba ukusina kwekwaito kuveza umthelela wokunqoba umzabalazo wenhlalo-mbusazwe; kunalokho, lenkolelombono egoqulayo ivela elukhwebukeni okukhulula umculo onsundu, ukukhiqizwa kwaso, nokuqhogoywa kwawo ekushwayweni nokuba nomyalelo wezombusazwe kuphela, kunokuthokozela imigubho, izinjabulo nokunqoba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7" /> IKwaito iphinde isebenzise ngokucandululayo izindimi zomdabu, futhi yaba neqhaza elibalulekile ekubumbeni ubuhlonzi nesiko omusha eNingizimu Afrika. Lo munxa waba nonthelela omkhulu kwezengqephu nempilosilo yakuleli.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Livermon |first=Xavier |title=Kwaito Bodies: Remastering Space and Subjectivity in Post-Apartheid South Africa |date=2020 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1-4780-0735-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/86632|title=Kwaito Blows Up|date=5 November 2000|work=Newsweek.com|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-date=12 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212012652/http://www.newsweek.com/id/86632}}</ref><ref>Swink, Simone. Kwaito: Much More Than Music. 22 December 2005. 28 February 2008. {{cite web |url=http://www.southafrica.info/pls/procs/iac.page?p_t1=694&p_t2=1832&p_t3=0&p_t4=0&p_dynamic=YP&p_content_id=199547&p_site_id=38 |title=Kwaito: Much more than music - SouthAfrica.info |access-date=2008-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211192109/http://www.southafrica.info/pls/procs/iac.page?p_t1=694&p_t2=1832&p_t3=0&p_t4=0&p_dynamic=YP&p_content_id=199547&p_site_id=38 |archive-date=11 February 2009}}.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,610043,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070603191938/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,610043,00.html | archive-date = 3 June 2007 | magazine = Time | title = That's Kwaito Style | first = Simon | last = Robinson | date = 11 April 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2023 |title=Kwaito Music: South Africa's Vibrant Cultural Heritage |url=https://hipupmusic.com/editorial/kwaito-music-south-africas-vibrant-cultural-heritage/ |website=Hipupmusic |access-date=23 July 2023 |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723154233/https://hipupmusic.com/editorial/kwaito-music-south-africas-vibrant-cultural-heritage/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Melissa |date=2011-08-11 |title=How Kwaito became a global force |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/11/kwaito-south-africa-house |access-date=2023-12-16 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216040717/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/11/kwaito-south-africa-house }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Steingo |first=Gavin |chapter=2. The Experience of the Outside |date=2016 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226362687.003.0002 |title=Kwaito's Promise |pages=27–56 |access-date=2023-12-16 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226362687.003.0002 |isbn=978-0-226-36254-0 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202081323/https://academic.oup.com/chicago-scholarship-online/book/18575/chapter-abstract/176731236?redirectedFrom=fulltext |chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Amaphatho== [[Category:Umculo waseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Umculo]] huzbu0pdxi6hohw5pwowb8z4zszbsrd 0 35386 129226 129082 2026-09-20T00:50:44Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129226 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''UMerwe Gerhard Erasmus''' (owazalwa ngomhlaka-11 Mbasa ngonyaka wezi-1995) ung[[Iqakamba|umdlali wekhilikithi]] wamazwe omhlaba waseNamibia ongukaputeni wamanje Iqembu lesizwe lekhilikithi laseNamibia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erasmus Ton carries Namibia to victory|url=https://cricket.co.za/news/38206/Erasmus-Ton-carries-Namibia-to-victory|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501022157/https://cricket.co.za/news/38206/Erasmus-Ton-carries-Namibia-to-victory|archive-date=1 May 2021|accessdate=29 April 2021|website=Cricket South Africa}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|title=Gerhard Erasmus|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/519070.html|accessdate=21 January 2015|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> == Ukuphila kwasebuntwaneni nomndeni == UMerwe Gerhard Erasmus wazalwa mhla ziyi-11 kuMbasa 1995 [[Windhoek|I-Windhoek]], eNamibia. Uyise uFrancois Erasmus uphethe inkampani yezomthetho yomndeni eWindhoek futhi wayengumongameli weCricket Namibia futhi engumsizi womqondisi we-International Cricket Council (ICC).<ref name="dellapenna">{{Cite news |last=Della Penna |first=Peter |date=12 February 2018 |title=A tournament that could decide Gerhard Erasmus' career |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-tournament-that-could-decide-gerhard-erasmus-career-1136239 |access-date=23 October 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Kusukela ngonyaka we-2018, u-Erasmus wayengumfundi wezomthetho ononyaka wesine e-I-University of Stellenbosch eNingizimu Afrika. == Umsebenzi == U-Erasmus waqala ukudlala eNamibia ku Nhlolanja ngonyaka wezi 2011, eneminyaka engama-15, ngokumelene neqembu le-Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).<ref name="dellapenna" /> Wenza ukuqala kwakhe kwamazwe omhlaba kanye ne-first-class ngokumelene ne-I-Ireland ngo-Mandulo ngonyaka wezi 2011 ku-ICC Intercontinental Cup ka-2011 kuya 2013, futhi eneminyaka engama -16, waba ngumdlali omncane kunabo bonke emlandweni weqembu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Belfast, Sep 6 - 9 2011, ICC Intercontinental Cup|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-intercontinental-cup-2011-2013-14-504772/ireland-vs-namibia-516840/full-scorecard|accessdate=31 October 2021|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="spotlight">{{Cite news |last=Schütz |first=Helge |date=28 May 2020 |title=Spotlight on Gerhard Erasmus |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/201217/archive-read/Spotlight-on-Gerhard-Erasmus |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023003949/https://www.namibian.com.na/201217/archive-read/Spotlight-on-Gerhard-Erasmus |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=23 October 2021 |publisher=The Namibian}}</ref> Wayeyilungu leqembu laseNamibia le-2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia news: Sarel Burger to lead Namibia in World T20 qualifiers &#124; Other Countries Cricket News|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/other/content/story/552423.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208065243/http://www.espncricinfo.com/other/content/story/552423.html|archive-date=8 February 2012|accessdate=2012-03-14|publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> U-Erasmus wahlanganiswa eqenjini laseNamibia elingaphansi kweminyaka engama-19 leNdebe Yomhlaba Yamakhilikithi Engaphansi Kweminyaka engama-19 ngonyaka wezi 2012 e-Australia.<ref name="squads">{{Cite web|date=12 July 2012|title=All 16 team squads announced for ICC U19 CWC, ICC U19 Cricket World Cup 2012 News –|url=http://www.iccu19cricketworldcup.com:80/iccnews/news20120712_17/all-16-team-squads-announced-for-icc-u19-cwc|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804041730/http://www.iccu19cricketworldcup.com/iccnews/news20120712_17/all-16-team-squads-announced-for-icc-u19-cwc|archive-date=4 August 2012|accessdate=25 October 2017|publisher=Official Website}}</ref> Wayengukaputeni weqembu e-2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup e-United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2014 |title=Gerhard Erasmus to captain Namibia at U-19 World Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gerhard-erasmus-to-captain-namibia-at-u-19-world-cup-710269 |access-date=23 October 2021 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> U-Erasmus wadlala eqenjini laseNamibia emncintiswaneni we-2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two.<ref name="NAMWCL2">{{Cite web|title=Six teams vying for the final two spots in ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier 2018|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/604943|accessdate=29 January 2018|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Ngo-Ncwaba ngonyaka wezi 2018, waqokwa eqenjini laseNamibia le-2018 Africa T20 Cup.<ref name="2018ATC">{{Cite news |title=Cricket Namibia to compete in T20 Africa Cup |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/70730/read/Cricket-Namibia-to-compete-in-T20-Africa-Cup/ |access-date=24 August 2018 |work=The Namibian}}</ref> NgoNdasa ngonyaka wezi 2019, u-Erasmus waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia emncintiswaneni we-2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Squad Participating In The ICC World League 2 Tournament|url=http://cricketnamibia.com/the-squad-participating-in-the-icc-world-league-2-tournament/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804095958/https://www.cricketnamibia.com/the-squad-participating-in-the-icc-world-league-2-tournament/|archive-date=4 August 2020|accessdate=19 March 2019|website=Cricket Namibia}}</ref> INamibia yaphothula ezindaweni ezine eziphezulu emncintiswaneni, ngakho-ke yathola isikhundla se-One Day International (ODI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Papua New Guinea secure top-four finish on dramatic final day|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198795|accessdate=27 April 2019|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> U-Erasmus wenza i-ODI yakhe yokuqala eNamibia ngomhlaka -27 Mbasa ngonyaka wezi- 2019, ngokumelene ne-I-Oman, emdlalweni wokugcina womncintiswano.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web|title=Final, ICC World Cricket League Division Two at Windhoek, Apr 27 2019|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1174845.html|accessdate=27 April 2019|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Ngo Nhlaba ngonyaka wezi-2019, waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia le-Regional Finals yomncintiswano we-ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier we-2018-19 e-Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Six teams looking to keep T20 World Cup dreams alive in Africa final|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1220002|accessdate=14 May 2019|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=African men in Uganda for T20 showdown|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1222616|accessdate=18 May 2019|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Wenza I-Twenty20 International (T20I) yakhe yokuqala yeNamibia ngokumelene IGhana ngo-20 Nhlaba ngonyaka wezi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5th Match, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final at Kampala, May 20 2019|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1184258.html|accessdate=20 May 2019|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Ngo Nhlangulana ngonyaka wezi 2019, u-Erasmus wayengomunye wabadlali bekhilikithi abangamashumi amabili nanhlanu ababizwa e-Cricket Namibia's Elite Men's Squad ngaphambi kwenkathi yamazwe omhlaba ye-2019-20.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Breaking News – Announcement of the 2019–2020 National Elite Training Squad|url=http://cricketnamibia.com/breaking-news-announcement-of-the-2019-2020-national-elite-training-squad/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717154754/http://cricketnamibia.com/breaking-news-announcement-of-the-2019-2020-national-elite-training-squad/|archive-date=17 July 2019|accessdate=17 July 2019|website=Cricket Namibia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elite cricket training squad announced|url=http://www.erongo.com.na/news/elite-cricket-training-squad-announced-2019-06-24|accessdate=17 July 2019|website=Erongo}}</ref> Ngo Mandulo 2019, waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia emncintiswaneni we-ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier ka-2019 e-United Arab Emirates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier Send Off|url=http://cricketnamibia.com/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-qualifier-send-off/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002170700/http://cricketnamibia.com/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-qualifier-send-off/|archive-date=2 October 2019|accessdate=2 October 2019|website=Cricket Namibia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Captains enthusiastic ahead of ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier 2019|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1451579|accessdate=12 October 2019|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Wayengumdlali oholayo weNamibia kulo mncintiswano, ene-runs engu-268 emidlalweni eyisishiyagalolunye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup Qualifier, 2019/20 - Namibia: Batting and bowling averages|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=13311;team=28;type=tournament|accessdate=2 November 2019|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Ngemuva kokuphothulwa komdlalo wokugcina, waqokwa njengomdlali womncintiswano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roelof van der Merwe and Brandon Glover help Netherlands defend title|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8040/report/1199549/netherlands-vs-papua-new-guinea-final-icc-mens-t20-world-cup-qualifier-2019-20|accessdate=2 November 2019|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Ngo Mandulo ngonyaka wezi 2021, u-Erasmus waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia le-ICC Men's T20 World Cup ngonyaka wezi-2021, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia name T20 World Cup squad, include David Wiese|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2247826|accessdate=10 September 2021|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> kanye ne-International Cricket Council (ICC) kamuva embiza njengomdlali oyinhloko eqenjini laseNamibia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia's golden generation ready to make waves after 18-year absence from the big stage|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2260863|accessdate=12 October 2021|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Emdlalweni wokufudumala neScotland ngaphambi komncintiswano, waphuka umunwe ngenkathi esebenza. Kodwa-ke, wanquma ukuqhubeka edlala emncintiswaneni futhi waba ukaputeni weqembu lakhe naphezu kokulimala.<ref>{{Cite web|title='If we create a brand that people love, cricket won't just be a white man's sport, it'll be a Namibian sport'|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gerhard-erasmus-and-david-wiese-on-namibia-s-cricketing-journey-and-the-challenges-ahead-1288117|accessdate=17 November 2021|website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> NgoNdasa ngonyaka wezi- 2022, emdlalweni wesibili we-2022 United Arab Emirates Tri-Nation Series, u-Erasmus wafaka ikhulu lakhe lokuqala lekhilikithi le-ODI, nge-121 engaphumanga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brilliant Erasmus leads Namibia to victory|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/110569/read/Brilliant-Erasmus-leads-Namibia-to-victory|accessdate=7 March 2022|website=The Namibian}}</ref> Ngenyanga elandelayo, emdlalweni wesibili [[Uganda national cricket team|I-Uganda]]_cricket_team_in_Namibia_in_2021–22" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ugandan cricket team in Namibia in 2021–22">ngokumelene ne-Uganda, u-Erasmus wafaka ikhulu lakhe lokuqala lekhilikithi le-T20I, nge-100 engabanjwa ngokumelene no-Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Centuries in Twenty20 International cricket – innings by innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=3;filter=advanced;orderby=start;runsmin1=100;runsval1=runs;size=100;template=results;type=batting;view=innings|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda beat Namibia despite Erasmus century|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/111575/read/Uganda-beat-Namibia-despite-Erasmus-century|accessdate=10 April 2022|website=The Namibian|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409230057/https://www.namibian.com.na/111575/read/Uganda-beat-Namibia-despite-Erasmus-century|dead-url=yes}}</ref> NgoMasingana ngonyaka wezi- 2023, u-Erasmus wawina umklomelo we-International Cricket Council's Associate Cricketer of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Erasmus on top of Associate world|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/119250/read/Erasmus-on-top-of-Associate-world|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126071619/https://www.namibian.com.na/119250/read/Erasmus-on-top-of-Associate-world|archive-date=26 January 2023|accessdate=26 January 2023|website=The Namibian}}</ref> U-Erasmus wafaka amaphuzu angu-956 e-ODI ngesilinganiso sama-56.23 futhi wathatha ama-wickets ayishumi nambili ngo-2022, futhi wafaka ikhulu leminyaka kokubili kumafomethi e-OID ne-T20I.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winner of the Men's Associate Cricketer of the Year revealed|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3037056|accessdate=24 January 2023|website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> NgoNhlaba ngonyaka wezi 2024, waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia emncintiswaneni we-ICC 2024 Men's T20 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia is ready with their 15-Player Squad|url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/namibia-squad-icc-t20-world-cup|accessdate=2024-06-11|website=ScoreWaves|language=en}}</ref> NgoMasingana ngonyaka wezi-2026, u-Erasmus waqokwa njengekaputeni weqembu laseNamibia le-2026 T20 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 January 2026|title=Erasmus leads Namibia for ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/mens-t20-world-cup-2026/news/erasmus-leads-namibia-for-icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2026|accessdate=2 February 2026|website=[[International Cricket Council]]}}</ref> == Umthombo osetshenzisiwe == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1995]] akwszcbd5h9l5edd5ew22rnklvh2sj5 0 35390 129205 129142 2026-09-19T17:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260919)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 129205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre | name = Isicathamiya | stylistic_origins = [[Mbube (genre)|Mbube]] | cultural_origins = 20th century, South Africa | derivatives = | fusiongenres = | subgenrelist = | subgenres = | regional_scenes = {{hlist|[[Johannesburg]]|[[Durban]]}} | other_topics = }} [[File:Ladysmith_Black_Mambazo_2008.JPG|thumb|[[Ladysmith Black Mambazo|Iqembu laMambazo]]|300x300px]] '''Isicathamiya''' uhlobo lokucula oluvela kubantu [[AmaZulu|abangamaZulu]], okuluhlangaqembu laseNingizimu Afrika. . Leli gama lisuselwa esenzweni sesiZulu -''cathama'', esisho ukuthi 'ukuhamba ngobumnene', noma 'ukunyathela ngokucophelela'".<ref name="TTCC">{{Cite news |last=Beaubien |first=Jason |date=April 22, 2004 |title=Zulu's 'Tip-Toe' Choir Competition |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1847340 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011032441/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1847340 |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=October 10, 2019 |work=All Things Considered |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |via=NPR.org}}</ref> Isicathamiya sihlukile kumculo wesiZulu oswele izinsimbi zomculo obizwa IMbube, okuyigama elisho 'ibhubesi'. Ushintsho lwegama luphawula ushintsho kuhlobo lomculo: ngokwenkambiso, umculo ochaziswa ngokuthi imbube uhlatshelelwa ngamandla nangokungxola, kuyilapho isicathamiya sihlozinge kakhulu ekuhambisaneni okuvumelanayo phakathi kwamazwi. Leli gama liphinde libhekisele ezinyathelweni ezisiniswa ngendlela ehlelwe kahle ezenza abaculi bahambisane. Amaqembu omculo aseNingizimu Afrika afana [[Ladysmith Black Mambazo|neLadysmith Black Mambazo]] ayisibonelo salo mculo. Amaqembu esicathamiya ngokwenoambiso angawabesilisa. Izimpande zayo zibuyela emuva ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, lapho amadoda amaningi ayeshiya amakhaya awo ukuze ayofuna umsebenzi ezidlaveleni. Njengoba abantu abaningi bezizwana bafudukela ezidlaveleni, lendlela yalahleka engxenyeni enkulu yekhulu lama-20. Namuhla imincintiswano yesicathamiya ebanjwa eGoli naseThekwini ivame ukubanjwa ngeMigqibelo ebusuku, futhi kuba namaqemu angama-30 aqhogoyayo kusuka ngehora lesi-8 kuya kuze kuyophuma ilanga. == Imvelaphi: isiko nengokomoya == Nakuba loluhlobo lomculo lwavela ekhulwini lama20, ikakhulu ngeshumiminyaoa lowe-1920 nele-1930, iningi lezifundiswa liphika ngokuthi ungathungathwa kusuka ekhulwini le-19. Bakholwa ukuthi izimpande zesicathamiya zingatholakala emibukisweni yomboloho waseMelika eyayikhenketha elaseNingizimu Afrika ngowe-1860. Isicathamiya kungenzeka kwahoanganiswa umboloho lowo nomculo ongokweniambiso yamaZulu owaphuma isicathamiya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Levine|first1=Laurie|title=The Drumcafe's Traditional Music of South Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/drumcafestraditi0000levi|date=2005|publisher=Jacana|isbn=1770090460|pages=[https://archive.org/details/drumcafestraditi0000levi/page/62 62]–63}}</ref> Ngokwesiko nangokwenkambiso, isicathamiya sithonywe kakhulu izinkolelo zomdabu zamaZulu zokuphilisana ezichazwa kangcono ngesaga esithi, "umuntu, ngumuntu, ngabantu", ukuncintisana, izikhwepha namandla ayamaniswa nezilwane, inhlonizo yeziko njengensizakusebenza yokudla nemfudumalo, namaphupho wokuxhumana nabangasekho. Inkulumo ethi "umuntu, ngumuntu, ngabantu" iyona ebusa uhlelo lwezenhlalo lakwaZulu futhi isetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuqinisa uumbano lwezenhlalo. Emphakathini wakwaZulu, ukuncintisana kubalulekile, ikakhulu kwezomculo, futhi kubhekwa njengodaba lwezenhlalo lomncintiswano. Uyinkundla yokuziveza nokusungula ubuhlonzi bomuntu emphakathini. Abaqhogoyi besicathamiya bazithuthukisa ngokunqoba imincintiswano. Ngokwezimfundiso zomdabu, izinkunzi ziwuphawu lamnalda nobudoda. Ezinye izilwane ezifana nezinyoka, izingwenya, izintshesha namabhubhesi ziwuphawu lamandla nkuwagamela emincintiswaneni zesicathamiya. Amaqembu esicathamiya okuqala ayeqanjwa ngezilwane, njengeqembu elalibizwa Empangeni Home Tigers noma iBrave Lion Singers. Iziko lisetshenziswa ngokwesingathekiso njengendawo "yokupheka amaculo" emculweni wesicathamiya. Uma kugcizelelwa ukuhleleka ngokwezenhlalo kwemizi yamaZulu eyayakhiwa ibe ngamaqhugwane otshani. Uhlelo olufanayo luba khona nalapho kwenziwa amaculo esicathamiya. Amaphupho ayeyingxenye emqoka ekuxhumaneni nabangasekho futhi ayeyingxenye yenkolo yomdabu yamaZulu. Abanye abaculi besicathamiya bavame ukuthi amaculo wabo bawaphiwe abangaphansi ngamaphupho.<ref>{{cite web|last1= Akrofi|first1=Eric|title=Zulu indigenous beliefs: to what extent do they influence the performance practices of isicathamiya musicians?|url= http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/21794/12668318843akrofi.pdf/akrofi.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151211064050/http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/21794/12668318843akrofi.pdf/akrofi.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2015-12-11|website=portal.unesco.org}} University of Transkei, South Africa. A Paper Prepared for the African Arts Education Conference 2001 in South Africa.</ref> UJoseph Shabalala weqembu laMambazo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/life/ladysmith-black-mambazo-win-fifth-grammy-award|title=Ladysmith Black Mambazo wins fifth Grammy award|website=Enca.com|access-date=1 August 2018|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211102544/https://www.enca.com/life/ladysmith-black-mambazo-win-fifth-grammy-award|url-status=dead}}</ref> yena wayethi ugqozi lomculo omusha uluthola ngamaphupho,uthi ngomnyaka we-1960, kwaphela iziyaanga eziyisithupha evakashelwa amazwi. Uthi lawa kwakungamazwi abadala abangokomoya ababecula isicathamiya.<ref name= Muller>{{cite book| last1= Muller|first1=Carol A.| title= Focus: Music of South Africa| url= https://archive.org/details/focusmusicofsout0000mull|date=2008|publisher=Routledge Taylor and Francis Group|location=New York| edition=2nd}}</ref>{{rp|106}} == Uhlobo nokuqamba == Umholi weqembu kuvame ukuba kube nguye umsunguli nengqambi. Ngokuvamile abasebenzi abangabafuduki babengafundile ngezimpawu zomculo, ngakho babeqamba amaculo gobuchule obuhlukile. UJoe Shabalala weMambazo wathi yena uqamba amaculo lapho elele, goba umoya wakhe uyasebenza. Ngokuvamile wonke amaculo ayebhalwa ngenxa yalokho okumpethe ngaleso sikhathi, kungaba ezokthando, ezombusazwe noma ezenkolo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ezenhlalo nezombusazwe ezithinta impilo yabantu abansundu KwaZulu-Natali. UShabalala wavuma ukuthi iqembu lalisebenzisa umculo walo ukufundisa izihlwele abadiana nazo. UShabalala waveza nendlela azifundisa ngayo ukuqamba amaculo esicathamiya; njengoba kwakungamaphupho laho ayezwa kona amazwi wokhokho. Lokhu kuvamile phakathi kwabantu benkambiso yamaZulu nezingqambi zesicathamiya. Ngokohlobo, isicathamiya siphawuleka ngamazwi abesilisa abaqhogoya beswele izinsimbi zomculo, besebenzisa insongozo ye-SATB (izwi eliholayo elilodwa, imvumo, elilandelwa inklwazo, bese amanye kube izimbodlongo); kodwa, kwezinye izimo kukhona iziqoshwa zesiqumuqumu njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi lensimbi yomculo izokwenza izicukuthwane zabansundu ziwuthande umculo. Umqhogoyo wesicathamiya ophuma phambili uhlanganisa umzwilili wokubiza nokusabela. ==Amaphatho== <references /> [[Category:Umculo womdabu]] [[Category:Umculo waseNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Umculo]] 5x04qz8u3kgbpudz15yceh4htjv6g3s 0 35407 129230 129147 2026-09-20T01:45:03Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imizwa''' izinto esizizwa ngaphakathi kithi kanye nasekhanda lethu ngenxa yezinto ezenzeka kithi ngalesoskhathi. Imizwa ihlukene kaningi kukhona umuzwa wokujabula, umuzwa wokudangala, umuzwa wosizi, umuzwa wokukhathazeka, umuzwa wothando. Imizwa ayibonakali ngamehlo kodwa ibonakala ngezenzo zomuntu kanye nesimo akuso sikhomba ukuthi usemizweni enjani ngalesoskhathi<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Are Feelings? {{!}} Psychology Today|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/great-kids-great-parents/201603/what-are-feelings|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.psychologytoday.com|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:029-sad-but-relieved-face.svg|thumb|umuzwa wokudangala]] Umuzwa wokujabula yisimo esimnandi kakhulu umuntu asizwa ngaphakathi enhlizweni nasemqondweni lapho kwenzeku kumuntu into enhle noma abekade eyifisa. Uma ejabule uzwa ngathi inhliziyo ibalula, umzimba unamandla, ungahleka wedwa uhlabelele umamatheke ufune ukwabelana nabanye ngalokhu okuzwayo. Ziningi izindlel ezingakwenza ukuthi ujabule, Ulapheka umphefumulo uma ujabule, unike ithemba, ukujabula kuyathelelana uma kujabule umuntu nabanye bayajabula.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Do Psychologists Define Happiness? |url=https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260316005825/https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-happiness-4869755 |archive-date=2026-03-16 |access-date=2026-09-19 |work=Verywell Mind |language=en |dead-url=no }}</ref> Umuzwa wokudumala yisimo esinzima nesibuhlungu lapho kwenzeke kumuntu into engekho yinhle kungaba ukwehluleka ezintweni abezizama, ukulahlekelwa abantu noma izinto abezithanda. Lomuzwa ukwenza ngathi ungahlala wedwa ukhale ungabonwa nangabantu, kuyasiza ukuthi ungavaleli ubuhlungu kodwa ukhuluma kuyasiza ukukhala kuyasiza ngoba ubuhlungu obuzwa ngaphakathi buyaphola. Lomuzwa usenza siqonde kancono abanye abasesimeni esifanayo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-01|title=I Feel Depressed: 9 Ways to Fight Depression|url=https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/depression/i-feel-depressed|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=HelpGuide.org|language=en-US}}</ref> 2iqrydrhhs16yazcp5hbrl450uh6o5c 0 35408 129222 129149 2026-09-19T20:26:51Z Dominik aus Wien 20288 Bengilithuthukisa ikhasi leli 129222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hadeda Ibis Portrait, crop.jpg|thumb|''Bostrychia hagedash'']] '''Inkankane''' (Igama l[[IsiNgisi|esiNgisi]]: '''Hadeda''', Igama lesayensi: ''Bostrychia hagedash'') y[[inyoni]] ekhulu yase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. Lenyoni yidume e[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrika]] lapho ithe chithi saka khona ngoba izwi layona lihlukile. == Incazelo == '''Amankankane''' wahlala phezulu kw[[Isihlahla|ezihlahla]], ngesibonelo emapaki maduze namadolobha. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukudle [[izinambusane]] n[[Izicabucabu|ezicabucabu]] futhi izimpethu neminenke. Kuthiwa yinyoni yenhlanhla kodwa kuthiwa futhi abantu akufanele bayihlekise ukugcina inhlanhla.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guy|first=Duncan|date=2022-09-02|title=Be careful what you say about hadedas|url=https://iol.co.za/ios/news/2021-11-06-be-careful-what-you-say-about-hadedas/|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=IOL|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Abantu bakholwa ukuthi amankankane avame ukundiza phezulu komhlaba wabo wokulima kuzoba umvuno okhulu khona. Abanye abantu bakholwa ukuthi emva kwesikhathi bazwa izwi lamankankane kuzoba imvula khona.<ref>{{Cite web|last=tanya_admin|date=2020-02-20|title=Africa’s Notorious Alarm Clock. The Hadeda|url=https://www.isilimelalodge.com/africas-notorious-alarm-clock-the-hadeda/|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=Isilimela Lodge|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Imithombo == 9n2w8mb72yw06wl64tcx0kh8gzules6 0 35414 129179 2026-09-19T12:32:31Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1229490406|Mhlongo]]" 129179 wikitext text/x-wiki Elithi '''Mhlongo''' liyisibongo saseNingizimu Afrika. * UBenson Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1980), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * IBrighton Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1991), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * [[Busi Mhlongo|UBusi Mhlongo]] (1947-2010), umculi we-virtuoso waseNingizimu Afrika, umdansi nomqambi * UJoseph Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1990), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * UMpelec Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1994), umsubathi we-sprint ne-long jump waseNingizimu Afrika * [[Ndaba Mhlongo|I-Naba Mhlongo]] (1933-1989), umlingisi nomhleli we-choreographer waseNingizimu Afrika * UNiq Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1973), intatheli yaseNingizimu Afrika nomlobi wezindaba * UNombulelo Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1992), umlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umculi we-classic, uthisha, nomlobi * UNqobile Mhlongo, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika * [[Somizi Mhlongo|I-Somizi Mhlongo]] (owazalwa ngo-1972), umuntu wezindaba waseNingizimu Afrika, umsakazi wethelevishini, umlingisi, umhleli we-choreographer kanye nomlingiswa wezenhlalo * U-Tsepo Mhlongo, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika [[Category:Isibongo]] f5h1gxoovqjf2ap1lht2j8n1ajavn8i 129181 129179 2026-09-19T12:40:05Z Fongcwele 16873 129181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mhlongo surname.png|thumb|Elithi Mhlongo ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] Elithi '''Mhlongo''' liyisibongo saseNingizimu Afrika. Abantu bakwaMhlongo baphuma kundlunkulu yaseSwazini ebizwa ngokuthi ngaMalangeni (Dlamini Mlangeni) ingakho bebizwa ngokuthi 'abaseLangeni', lokho kuchaza ukuthi bangabaMbo Nguni ngokwezigaba zabaNguni . Laba bantu bakwaMhlongo babuye baziwe ngokuthi bangabantu baseLangeni . Unina wenkosi uShaka kaSenzangakhona wabe ezalwa khona eLangeni , ezalwa nguMhlongo kaNqeshe okwavela ngaye isibongo sakwaMhlongo .UMhlongo lona wayebuye aziwe ngelikaBhebhe [owabhe*la umuntu etsheni ngoba wayenomkhuba okwenza ucansi noMlamu wakhe wakwaQwabe phezu kwetshe elabe lingenhla komuzi wakhe waseBozini. UMhlongo wakha umuzi wakhe wawuqamba igama elithi kuseBozeni ,undlunkulu wakhe kwabe kunguMfunda wakwaQwabe okunguyena ozala indlovukazi u-Nandi unina weLembe. Ngesikhathi elakwaZulu libuswa inkosi u-Shaka abantu bakwaMhlongo babebuswa uMakhandama, INjomane. UMakhendama nguyena owaba yiNjomane eyaduka iminyakanyaka, idukele kwelaseButhonga. ===Ukwakheka kwesibongo sakwaMhlongo=== Njengoba besingishilo ukuthi isibongo sakwaMhlongo savela ngoMhlongo indodana kaNqeshe uDlomo kodwa indaba yaqala kuNqeshe uyise kaMhlongo . UNqeshe lona wayezalwa kwaDlamini Mlangeni ezalwa nguSoyingwase kaLugoloza . UNqeshe[uDlomo] nguyena owafika nalaba bantu bakwaDlamini abaseLANGENI beqhamuka kwelaseSwazini .wafika wakha laphaya endaweni yaseMthimude ,bakhelane nabantu bakwaZulu. Ngesizathu sokuthi wabe enganalutho ehlonga , uNqeshe wakha umuzi wakhe wawetha igama elithi kukaHlongisibi. Lelo gama lalichaza ukuthi akanalutho uyahlonga,weswele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabusiswa ngendodana , wabe eseyetha igama ,wathi nguMhlongo . Nguye -ke lo Mhlongo wodumo ,owazala indlovukazi u-Nandi ,leyo ndlovukazi yazala inkosi yesizwe samaZulu ,inkosi u-Shaka kaSenzangakhona . ==Izithakazelo== Izithakazelo zakwa-Mhlongo: Makhedama, Soyengwase, Nina bakaBhebhe kaMthendeka, Nina bakaSoqubele onjengegundane, Nina baseSiweni, KwaMpuku yakwaMselemusi, KwaNogwence webaya, Dlomo weNdl'ende, Sihlangu samavaka seswel'ababhemu, Wen'owalala nomunw'endunu, wavuka wawuncinda wawukhomb'ilanga, Makhul'emini abafokazana bekhul'ebusuku, Zingwazi zempi yakwaNdunu, Njoman'eyaduk'iminyakanyaka, Yatholakal'onyakeni wesine, Yabuye yatholakala ngowesikhombisa, Langeni, Owavel'elangeni! ==Osaziwayo== * UBenson Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1980), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * IBrighton Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1991), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * [[Busi Mhlongo|UBusi Mhlongo]] (1947-2010), umculi we-virtuoso waseNingizimu Afrika, umdansi nomqambi * UJoseph Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1990), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * UMpelec Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1994), umsubathi we-sprint ne-long jump waseNingizimu Afrika * [[Ndaba Mhlongo|I-Naba Mhlongo]] (1933-1989), umlingisi nomhleli we-choreographer waseNingizimu Afrika * UNiq Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1973), intatheli yaseNingizimu Afrika nomlobi wezindaba * UNombulelo Mhlongo (owazalwa ngo-1992), umlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umculi we-classic, uthisha, nomlobi * UNqobile Mhlongo, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika * [[Somizi Mhlongo|I-Somizi Mhlongo]] (owazalwa ngo-1972), umuntu wezindaba waseNingizimu Afrika, umsakazi wethelevishini, umlingisi, umhleli we-choreographer kanye nomlingiswa wezenhlalo * U-Tsepo Mhlongo, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika [[Category:Isibongo]] nu43mdmltwja9jj5jdq6fwzfvav0wv0 0 35415 129180 2026-09-19T12:36:21Z ~2026-50601-74 27316 Ngibhale ngensingizi ngafaka namalinki ngafaka nesithombe sensingizi 129180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malabar Grey Hornbill (34333).jpg|thumb|Insingizi]] '''Insingizi''' inyoni yasendle enomlomo omkhulu ogobile. Itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, ezihlahleni nasezindaweni ezinotshani. Inomlomo omude futhi omkhulu oyenza ibonakale kalula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-09-18|title=Do Male Seahorses Give Birth? {{!}} Babies, Fish, & Procreation {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Male-Seahorses-Give-Birth|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Insingizi idla izinambuzane, izithelo, imbewu kanye nezilwane ezincane njengamagundane nezibankwa. Isebenzisa umlomo wayo omkhulu ukubamba nokudla.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jirik|first=Kate|title=LibGuides: Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) Fact Sheet: Diet & Feeding|url=https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/southern_groundhornbill/diet|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=ielc.libguides.com|language=en}}</ref> Insingizi izalana ngokubeka amaqanda emgodini wesihlahla. Insikazi ingena ngaphakathi emgodini bese iduna liyondla yona ngokuyinika ukudla ngomlomo. Lapho amaphuphu esechamuseliwe, abazali bayawondla aze akhule nawo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-24|title=Southern Ground-Hornbill - SANBI|url=https://www.sanbi.org/animal-of-the-week/southern-ground-hornbill/|accessdate=2026-09-19|language=en-US}}</ref> btn7inu3lz5ls6svijs3p8pupkeql7k 129233 129180 2026-09-20T01:59:29Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malabar Grey Hornbill (34333).jpg|thumb|Insingizi]] '''Insingizi''' inyoni yasendle enomlomo omkhulu ogobile. Itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, ezihlahleni nasezindaweni ezinotshani. Inomlomo omude futhi omkhulu oyenza ibonakale kalula.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-09-18|title=Do Male Seahorses Give Birth? {{!}} Babies, Fish, & Procreation {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Male-Seahorses-Give-Birth|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Insingizi idla izinambuzane, izithelo, imbewu kanye nezilwane ezincane njengamagundane nezibankwa. Isebenzisa umlomo wayo omkhulu ukubamba nokudla.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jirik|first=Kate|title=LibGuides: Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) Fact Sheet: Diet & Feeding|url=https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/southern_groundhornbill/diet|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=ielc.libguides.com|language=en}}</ref> Insingizi izalana ngokubeka amaqanda emgodini wesihlahla. Insikazi ingena ngaphakathi emgodini bese iduna liyondla yona ngokuyinika ukudla ngomlomo. Lapho amaphuphu esechamuseliwe, abazali bayawondla aze akhule nawo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-24|title=Southern Ground-Hornbill - SANBI|url=https://www.sanbi.org/animal-of-the-week/southern-ground-hornbill/|accessdate=2026-09-19|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112161025/https://www.sanbi.org/animal-of-the-week/southern-ground-hornbill/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> b8zl3j6gdtzfbh3dptj7pqix5j267dz 0 35416 129182 2026-09-19T12:44:04Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1233678587|Sibiya]]" 129182 wikitext text/x-wiki Elithi '''Sibya''' liyisibongo. esande esifundazweni saKwaZulu Natali. * IBheki Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1973), umlingisi nomqondisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UDuduzile Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1957), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * UJomo Sibiya, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika * ULinda Sibiya, umshayi we-disc waseNingizimu Afrika * UMaxwell Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1956), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * I-Nduduzo Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1995), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * UNelisiwe Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1992), umculi nomlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UNoluthando Mayende-Sibiya, usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika futhi oyilungu lezinhlangano zezisebenzi * USipho Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1971), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika-Canada * I-Vusi Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1994), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika [[Category:Isibongo]] e894ycyd6zpyqcxqmjjx5uuh1ppazib 129183 129182 2026-09-19T12:51:03Z Fongcwele 16873 129183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sibiya surname.png|thumb|Sibiya surname]] Elithi '''Sibya''' liyisibongo. esande esifundazweni saKwaZulu Natali. AbakwaSibiya bangamaNtungwa Nguni ngokwezigaba zabo. Izindawo abagcwele kuzo zihlanganisa: Ophongolo, Melmoth, Ulundi, Eshowe, Ngoja, Nhlabane kwaMbonambi kwaCeza, Nkomazi eMpumalanga, Nongoma, Mozambique nakhona banamakhosi amaningi baphinde babenendawo yabo, kwaDabhazi kugcwele kakhulu uGazu noSibiya bakhona nakwezinye izindawo. Eshowe igama lesgodlo sikaGazu. Idolobha laseShowe lakhandwa kususelwa kusona. ===SIBIYA NOGAZU=== UZingelwayo uzale uMdladla[Ntusi] UMdladla wazala uNdaba UNdaba wazala uGumede hhayi wesbongo UGumede wazala uMadondo noManyelela UMadondo wazala uNtshosho owazala uMhlazana UManyelela wazala uMaqulu, uBhulingwe kanye noMthaniya [intombi eyazala uSenzangakhona uYise weLembe] UMaqulu wazala uGafudana Kwathi uBhulingwe wazala uMpisi… UManyelela wazala indodakazi egama layo kwakunguMthaniya, unina kaSenzangakhona inkosi. Umfowabo kaZingelwayo ,uZethembe yena wazala uGazu , uGazu wazala uMphangalala, yena wazala uSotobe waba ngomunye weziYendane, ezazithunywe nguShaka ukuba ziyomakhela ubuhlobo noMjoji[King George] waseNgilandi. Abathi bebuya uShaka wayebulawa ngabafowabo . USotobe wayehambe noMbozamboza, waseMangwaneni, kanye noPhikwane wakwaMakhanya. Isibongo sakwaKhomo saphuma ngenxa yezimpi. Lenxenye yabantu bakwaSibiya ngenkathi kunoSotobe kwaSibiya izimpi zishisa kakhulu lenxenye yabaleka yayohlala endaweni osrkuseThekwini manje. Bahlala khona banethezeka kwaze kwakhothama iLembe. Ngesikhathi sekubusa uMbomboshe omnyama wabulala bonke ababesondelene neLembe lokho kwenza ukuthi izizwe ziqale zihlukane umbuso wakwaZulu ungabe usahlaliseka. AbakwaSibiya basuka eMalimede bayohlala eMsinga banethezeka khona. Kwahamba kwaliwa embusweni wakwaXulu kwaphinde kwabakhona impi yezigodi kuwuzalo lamaChunu nabendlu kaZingelwayo luxabana kwazise empini yaseMaqongqo abakwaSibiya babevive ngakuMsimude . Zaphinde zabanzima izimpi zombango basuka abakwaSibiya baya eThekwini bahlala nabakwaMaphumulo nabakwaLuthuli. Bafike bathola abahlobo babo bakwaSibiya khona lapho base behlala kahle. Kuthe kusemnandi bahlaselwa khona eThekwini. AbakwaSibiya babenomholi wabo uKhomo bavele bazibiza ngabakwaKhomo qede badebeza ebusweni ukuze bangabonakali. Inxenye enye yakwaSibiya yashintsha isbongo qobo yasphendukezela baba ngabakwa BIYASI hhayi Biyase. Kwagcina sekuyisbongo sabo leso sakwaBiyasi. Uma sekubhaliswa phansi abelungu befuna ukwazi abaholi nezibongo kwabhalwa Biyase. Biyase, Khomo noBiyase kuse yibo abakwaSibiya. Kukhomo kwahamba kwaze kwaphuma abakwaZamisa. ===Indabuko yabo=== Abantu bakwaSibiya baphuma kuZingelwayo yena ezalwa uMalandela. uZingelwayo wazalwa uMalandela ezalwa uLuzumane, Luzumane ezalwa uMnguni, Mnguni ezalwa uNtu. Bona bazalelwa eMhlathuze kwakunguZingelwayo noZethembe. Zingelwayo wazala abakwaSibiya ngenkomo kwase kuthi uZethembe wazala abakwaGazu. Laba bantu bakwaSibiya nabakwaGazu bazalwa obaba ozala uZulu noQwabe. Okushuthi bangabandawonye. Ubabomncane walabantu nguNtombela owayelamana noMalandela. UZethembe wahamba wayokwakha eduze nomfula uMkhumbane kanti uZingelwayo wakha eMthonjaneni egqumeni elaziwa ngokuthi kuseGumeni. Wakha khona ebone ihlanze elehla njalo lize liyofika ezimfundeni zomfula iMfolozo emhlophe. Kuleli hlanze kwakugcwele izinyamazane iphekwa ngomhluzi wenye. Babona ukuthi nezinkomo zizobachuma lapha abantu bakaZingelwayo.Babona ukuthi sebefike kwelingafelwa nkonyane. Nangempela zabachuma izinkomo nayo yonke imfuyo abayifuya kuleya ndawo. Izinkomo kwakunguchibidolo uqobo, zibulala inyoka. Bathi zanda ngale ndlela yokuthi zase zingalingani esibayeni, ezakhelwe sona. Zazithi uma zibuyiswe emaqeleni , zigcwale isibaya ezinye zikake umuzi. Abantu ababedlula ngendlela babezibuka lezi zinkomo bezwe amakhosikazi ethokoza ethi: ‘Nampo-ke abakwaSibiya ngenkomo abanye bebiya ngamahlahla’, besho ngoba izinkomo zikake umuzi. Yilapho-ke okwazaleka khona isibongo sakwaSibiya. Yonke inzalo kaZingelwayo kwathiwa ngeyakwaSibiya, kodwa kabayekelanga ukuthi bangabakwaGumede Mnguni, lokho okwakubahlanganisa nabakwaQwabe. Abantu bakwaZethembe bona bathatha igama lendodana yakhe uGazu base baziwa ngokuthi ngabakwaGazu. Ngakho abakwaSibiya nabakwaGazu bayinto eyodwa. Abanye bathola isibongo ngesenzo kanti omunye wathola isibongo ngegama. Kuthiwa futhi laba bantu babuye bahlangana, baba yisizwe esisodwa sakwaSibiya. Kuthiwa imingcele yalesi sizwe kwakunguZulu, uMbatha kanye noZungu behlalisene ngokukhulu ukuthula nalezi zizwe, ikakhulu esakwaZulu ngoba kwakukhona lobo buhlobo. Futhi kwase kukhona nokuganiselana ngoba sizokhumbula uMthaniya indodakazi kaManyelela Sibiya isigana uJama kuze kuzalwe uSenzangakhona , uise woShaka noDingane kanye noMpande, ababusa izwe lakwaZulu. Ngenxa yezimpi zeLembe abantu bakwaSibiya nabo bahlakazeka bagcwala lonke leli likaMthaniya. Sesibathola laphaya nalaphaya.. Okwenza ukuthi laba bantu bakwaSibiya banganyamalali njengezinye izizwe ukuthi basheshe bayibona ingoz yokuma phambi kweLembe ukuthi kwakungukuzishabalalisa isibili. Ngakho bthatha amabutho abo bawethula kuShaka, wandisa ngawo impana yakhe eyayisencane ngaleso sikeLembe ===Amaqhawe akwaSibiya=== Mpangalala owabulawa abelungu kuhlolwa ukusebenza kwesbhamu ngeskhathi seLembe Zingelwayo Manyelela Gazu Bekayiphi Mtshekula Bekayiphi Nongwaza kanyenoNgobe ==Izithakazelo== Ndaba, Gumede Sibiya ngenkomo, abafokazana bebiya ngamahlahla, Nina bakwankom’isengelwa emaweni, Ingasengelw’esibayeni akuyon’eyakhona. Gumede kaNdaba,umanyelela njengentombi iy’esokeni, Mkhananda owafinyelela kubalondolozi, Wemuka noGodokazi way’eMfolozi. UHhiya kwabanani, Okwaphwekwa esendlini, Kwaze kwephulwa esendlini,engazange afe ukufudumala, Mgxebe! Khathi! Nina bakaSotobe kaMpangalala! Malandela kaLuzumane kaMnguniManyelela ==Osaziwayo== * IBheki Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1973), umlingisi nomqondisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UDuduzile Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1957), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * UJomo Sibiya, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika * ULinda Sibiya, umshayi we-disc waseNingizimu Afrika * UMaxwell Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1956), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * I-Nduduzo Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1995), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * UNelisiwe Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1992), umculi nomlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UNoluthando Mayende-Sibiya, usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika futhi oyilungu lezinhlangano zezisebenzi * USipho Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1971), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika-Canada * I-Vusi Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1994), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika [[Category:Isibongo]] s2z6ylys7ktqr81v1uzqvedx9t6mzar 129195 129183 2026-09-19T15:49:06Z Fongcwele 16873 Fongcwele moved page [[Sibya]] to [[Sibiya]] 129183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sibiya surname.png|thumb|Sibiya surname]] Elithi '''Sibya''' liyisibongo. esande esifundazweni saKwaZulu Natali. AbakwaSibiya bangamaNtungwa Nguni ngokwezigaba zabo. Izindawo abagcwele kuzo zihlanganisa: Ophongolo, Melmoth, Ulundi, Eshowe, Ngoja, Nhlabane kwaMbonambi kwaCeza, Nkomazi eMpumalanga, Nongoma, Mozambique nakhona banamakhosi amaningi baphinde babenendawo yabo, kwaDabhazi kugcwele kakhulu uGazu noSibiya bakhona nakwezinye izindawo. Eshowe igama lesgodlo sikaGazu. Idolobha laseShowe lakhandwa kususelwa kusona. ===SIBIYA NOGAZU=== UZingelwayo uzale uMdladla[Ntusi] UMdladla wazala uNdaba UNdaba wazala uGumede hhayi wesbongo UGumede wazala uMadondo noManyelela UMadondo wazala uNtshosho owazala uMhlazana UManyelela wazala uMaqulu, uBhulingwe kanye noMthaniya [intombi eyazala uSenzangakhona uYise weLembe] UMaqulu wazala uGafudana Kwathi uBhulingwe wazala uMpisi… UManyelela wazala indodakazi egama layo kwakunguMthaniya, unina kaSenzangakhona inkosi. Umfowabo kaZingelwayo ,uZethembe yena wazala uGazu , uGazu wazala uMphangalala, yena wazala uSotobe waba ngomunye weziYendane, ezazithunywe nguShaka ukuba ziyomakhela ubuhlobo noMjoji[King George] waseNgilandi. Abathi bebuya uShaka wayebulawa ngabafowabo . USotobe wayehambe noMbozamboza, waseMangwaneni, kanye noPhikwane wakwaMakhanya. Isibongo sakwaKhomo saphuma ngenxa yezimpi. Lenxenye yabantu bakwaSibiya ngenkathi kunoSotobe kwaSibiya izimpi zishisa kakhulu lenxenye yabaleka yayohlala endaweni osrkuseThekwini manje. Bahlala khona banethezeka kwaze kwakhothama iLembe. Ngesikhathi sekubusa uMbomboshe omnyama wabulala bonke ababesondelene neLembe lokho kwenza ukuthi izizwe ziqale zihlukane umbuso wakwaZulu ungabe usahlaliseka. AbakwaSibiya basuka eMalimede bayohlala eMsinga banethezeka khona. Kwahamba kwaliwa embusweni wakwaXulu kwaphinde kwabakhona impi yezigodi kuwuzalo lamaChunu nabendlu kaZingelwayo luxabana kwazise empini yaseMaqongqo abakwaSibiya babevive ngakuMsimude . Zaphinde zabanzima izimpi zombango basuka abakwaSibiya baya eThekwini bahlala nabakwaMaphumulo nabakwaLuthuli. Bafike bathola abahlobo babo bakwaSibiya khona lapho base behlala kahle. Kuthe kusemnandi bahlaselwa khona eThekwini. AbakwaSibiya babenomholi wabo uKhomo bavele bazibiza ngabakwaKhomo qede badebeza ebusweni ukuze bangabonakali. Inxenye enye yakwaSibiya yashintsha isbongo qobo yasphendukezela baba ngabakwa BIYASI hhayi Biyase. Kwagcina sekuyisbongo sabo leso sakwaBiyasi. Uma sekubhaliswa phansi abelungu befuna ukwazi abaholi nezibongo kwabhalwa Biyase. Biyase, Khomo noBiyase kuse yibo abakwaSibiya. Kukhomo kwahamba kwaze kwaphuma abakwaZamisa. ===Indabuko yabo=== Abantu bakwaSibiya baphuma kuZingelwayo yena ezalwa uMalandela. uZingelwayo wazalwa uMalandela ezalwa uLuzumane, Luzumane ezalwa uMnguni, Mnguni ezalwa uNtu. Bona bazalelwa eMhlathuze kwakunguZingelwayo noZethembe. Zingelwayo wazala abakwaSibiya ngenkomo kwase kuthi uZethembe wazala abakwaGazu. Laba bantu bakwaSibiya nabakwaGazu bazalwa obaba ozala uZulu noQwabe. Okushuthi bangabandawonye. Ubabomncane walabantu nguNtombela owayelamana noMalandela. UZethembe wahamba wayokwakha eduze nomfula uMkhumbane kanti uZingelwayo wakha eMthonjaneni egqumeni elaziwa ngokuthi kuseGumeni. Wakha khona ebone ihlanze elehla njalo lize liyofika ezimfundeni zomfula iMfolozo emhlophe. Kuleli hlanze kwakugcwele izinyamazane iphekwa ngomhluzi wenye. Babona ukuthi nezinkomo zizobachuma lapha abantu bakaZingelwayo.Babona ukuthi sebefike kwelingafelwa nkonyane. Nangempela zabachuma izinkomo nayo yonke imfuyo abayifuya kuleya ndawo. Izinkomo kwakunguchibidolo uqobo, zibulala inyoka. Bathi zanda ngale ndlela yokuthi zase zingalingani esibayeni, ezakhelwe sona. Zazithi uma zibuyiswe emaqeleni , zigcwale isibaya ezinye zikake umuzi. Abantu ababedlula ngendlela babezibuka lezi zinkomo bezwe amakhosikazi ethokoza ethi: ‘Nampo-ke abakwaSibiya ngenkomo abanye bebiya ngamahlahla’, besho ngoba izinkomo zikake umuzi. Yilapho-ke okwazaleka khona isibongo sakwaSibiya. Yonke inzalo kaZingelwayo kwathiwa ngeyakwaSibiya, kodwa kabayekelanga ukuthi bangabakwaGumede Mnguni, lokho okwakubahlanganisa nabakwaQwabe. Abantu bakwaZethembe bona bathatha igama lendodana yakhe uGazu base baziwa ngokuthi ngabakwaGazu. Ngakho abakwaSibiya nabakwaGazu bayinto eyodwa. Abanye bathola isibongo ngesenzo kanti omunye wathola isibongo ngegama. Kuthiwa futhi laba bantu babuye bahlangana, baba yisizwe esisodwa sakwaSibiya. Kuthiwa imingcele yalesi sizwe kwakunguZulu, uMbatha kanye noZungu behlalisene ngokukhulu ukuthula nalezi zizwe, ikakhulu esakwaZulu ngoba kwakukhona lobo buhlobo. Futhi kwase kukhona nokuganiselana ngoba sizokhumbula uMthaniya indodakazi kaManyelela Sibiya isigana uJama kuze kuzalwe uSenzangakhona , uise woShaka noDingane kanye noMpande, ababusa izwe lakwaZulu. Ngenxa yezimpi zeLembe abantu bakwaSibiya nabo bahlakazeka bagcwala lonke leli likaMthaniya. Sesibathola laphaya nalaphaya.. Okwenza ukuthi laba bantu bakwaSibiya banganyamalali njengezinye izizwe ukuthi basheshe bayibona ingoz yokuma phambi kweLembe ukuthi kwakungukuzishabalalisa isibili. Ngakho bthatha amabutho abo bawethula kuShaka, wandisa ngawo impana yakhe eyayisencane ngaleso sikeLembe ===Amaqhawe akwaSibiya=== Mpangalala owabulawa abelungu kuhlolwa ukusebenza kwesbhamu ngeskhathi seLembe Zingelwayo Manyelela Gazu Bekayiphi Mtshekula Bekayiphi Nongwaza kanyenoNgobe ==Izithakazelo== Ndaba, Gumede Sibiya ngenkomo, abafokazana bebiya ngamahlahla, Nina bakwankom’isengelwa emaweni, Ingasengelw’esibayeni akuyon’eyakhona. Gumede kaNdaba,umanyelela njengentombi iy’esokeni, Mkhananda owafinyelela kubalondolozi, Wemuka noGodokazi way’eMfolozi. UHhiya kwabanani, Okwaphwekwa esendlini, Kwaze kwephulwa esendlini,engazange afe ukufudumala, Mgxebe! Khathi! Nina bakaSotobe kaMpangalala! Malandela kaLuzumane kaMnguniManyelela ==Osaziwayo== * IBheki Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1973), umlingisi nomqondisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UDuduzile Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1957), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * UJomo Sibiya, isazi sezombangazwe saseNingizimu Afrika * ULinda Sibiya, umshayi we-disc waseNingizimu Afrika * UMaxwell Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1956), usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika * I-Nduduzo Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1995), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika * UNelisiwe Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1992), umculi nomlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika * UNoluthando Mayende-Sibiya, usombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika futhi oyilungu lezinhlangano zezisebenzi * USipho Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1971), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika-Canada * I-Vusi Sibiya (owazalwa ngo-1994), umdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseNingizimu Afrika [[Category:Isibongo]] s2z6ylys7ktqr81v1uzqvedx9t6mzar 2 35417 129185 2026-09-19T14:04:27Z Mratata 25458 Created page with "Imvukuzani [[File:Imvukuzane.jpg|right|276x276px]] Izimvukuzane azivamile ukubonakala ngoba zichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yawo engaphansi komhlaba. Yizilwane ezinomzimba oqinile, nomsila omfushane. Zisebenzisa izidladla zazo ezimise okwamafosholo ukumba imigudu nokuzingela ukudla ezikuthanda kakhulu, okuyizikelemu zomhlaba. Ziphinde zithande [[ukudla]] izibungu ezitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, ezivame ukudla izitshalo nezilimo. Ngakho-ke, izimvukuzane zingasiza eku..." 129185 wikitext text/x-wiki Imvukuzani [[File:Imvukuzane.jpg|right|276x276px]] Izimvukuzane azivamile ukubonakala ngoba zichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yawo engaphansi komhlaba. Yizilwane ezinomzimba oqinile, nomsila omfushane. Zisebenzisa izidladla zazo ezimise okwamafosholo ukumba imigudu nokuzingela ukudla ezikuthanda kakhulu, okuyizikelemu zomhlaba. Ziphinde zithande [[ukudla]] izibungu ezitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, ezivame ukudla izitshalo nezilimo. Ngakho-ke, izimvukuzane zingasiza ekulawuleni lezi zilwane ezingafuneki.<ref name=":1">https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/mammals/mole</ref> Ngokumba umhlaba, izimvukuzane zisiza ukwenza [[inhlabathi]] ube nempilo ngokungenisa umoya kuyo. Lokhu kwenza izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zikwazi ukukhula, bese zona zondla izinambuzane eziningi. Akugcini lapho, imigudu yawo isiza amanzi ukuthi angene futhi adlule kahle enhlabathini, okusiza ukuvimbela izikhukhula nokwakheka kwamachibi amakhulu [[amanzi]] emhlabathini. Ngempela, izimvukuzane zingamaqhawe angaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wezilwane.<ref name=":1" /> Izimvukuzane yizilwane ezincane ezincelisayo ezihlala futhi zimba ngaphansi komhlaba. Amehlo azo awakakhuli kahle, kodwa lokho ezikushodayo ekuboneni, zikuthola emandleni azo okuzwa ngokuthinta.Zonke izimvukuzane zinezimpumulo ezizwela kakhulu kanye neminwe emide enezinzipho ayisebenzisa ukumba imigodi. Izicubu ezingu-22 ezimise okwezimpondo ezitholakala empumulweni ye-star-nosed mole zizwela ukuthintwa ngokuphindwe kasithupha kunesandla somuntu.<ref name=":2">https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/Moles</ref> Esikhundleni sokuba noboya obulala phansi futhi bubheke ngasemsileni njengakwezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izimvukuzane zasempumalanga zinoboya obuminyene obuma buqonde phezulu. Lokhu kuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingabambeki eboyeni bawo lapho ebuyela emuva emhubheni. Izimvunguzane zingamaduna ngokuvamile makhulu kunamawesifazane, nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zingadluli kuma-intshi angu-10 (amasentimitha angu-25) ngobude.<ref name=":2" /> Izimvukuzane zitholakala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga nasezindaweni eziseningizimu zeGreat Plains. I shrew-mole idabuka ogwini olusentshonalanga. Izimvukuzane yizilwane ezihlala futhi zimba ngaphansi komhlaba, okusho ukuthi zichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwazo zimba imigodi ngaphansi komhlaba.<ref name=":2" /> Izimvukuzane angabambi bemigudu abamangalisayo. Izimvukuzane zasempumalanga zingamba umgodi ongamamitha angu-49 ubude ngobusuku obubodwa kuphela. (Uma umuntu ebengakwenza lokhu, bekungafana nokumba umhubhe ongamakhilomitha angu-0.8 ngesikhathi esifanayo.) Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala emadlelweni, ezindaweni ezinotshani, emahlathini, ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi noma ezindaweni eziseduze nemifula. Nokho, ezinye, njenge-desert shrew, zingaphila nasezindaweni ezomile.<ref name=":2" /> Izimvukuzane zingamapheshana azala amazinyane awo emigodini engaphansi komhlaba. Amazinyane akhula ngokushesha futhi angakwazi ukuziphilela ngokwawo esemancane. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwawo cishe singaphansi kweminyaka emibili ezinhlotsheni eziningi.<ref name=":2" /> == ISITHENJWA == <references /> [[Category:Izilwane ezincane]] [[Category:Emhlabathini]] gd0yh56ffkv5l8qlf80w9le1qeteqks 2 35418 129187 2026-09-19T14:15:20Z Mratata 25458 Created page with "Amehlo" 129187 wikitext text/x-wiki Amehlo 9bfuky970y7o1xv5kjqtlj7q43o94vm 129190 129187 2026-09-19T14:38:29Z Mratata 25458 129190 wikitext text/x-wiki Amehlo [[File:Amehlo.jpg|right|230x230px]] Amehlo akho ayizitho zomzimba ezamukela ulwazi lwezinzwa futhi akuvumela ukuba ubone. Amehlo akho athatha ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela emhlabeni okuzungezile bese ekuguqula kube uhlobo lolwazi olusetshenziswa ubuchopho bakho ukuze bakhe indlela obona ngayo. Ubuchopho bakho abunawo amandla okuzwa ngokwawo. Budinga amehlo akho kanye nezinye izinzwa, njengokuzwa nokuthinta, ukuze buqoqe [[ULwazi|ulwazi]] ngomhlaba okuzungezile.<ref name=":1">https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21823-eyes</ref> Abantu abaningi bazalwa benamehlo amabili. Uma esebenza ndawonye, akunikeza indawo yokubona engaba ngama-degree angu-200 ububanzi nama-degree angu-135 ukuphakama. Uma amehlo akho esebenza kahle ndawonye, akunikeza ikhono lokubona ukujula kwezinto kanye nokubona izinto ngendlela enezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Aphinde akunikeze ikhono lokubona imibala.<ref name=":1" /> Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukubona ngamehlo kanye nombono akusho into efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, nakuba abantu abaningi kuhlanganise nochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwamehlo kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo bewasebenzisa la magama ngokushintshana. Ukubona ngamehlo yilokho okwenziwa amehlo akho. Umbono uyinqubo yonke eqala ngokubona ngamehlo bese iphela lapho [[ubuchopho]] bakho bucubungula lokho okubonwa amehlo akho, bukuguqule kube uhlobo lolwazi ubuchopho bakho obungalusebenzisa futhi buqonde.<ref name=":1" /> Konke okwenziwa amehlo akho kuqala ngokukhanya okuvela emhlabeni ongaphandle. Isakhiwo seso lakho sivumela ukukhanya ukuba kungene futhi kudlule ochungechungeni lwezingxenye ezicacile, okuhlanganisa i-cornea, i-aqueous humor, i-lens kanye ne-vitreous humor. Lezi zingxenye zigoba futhi zigxilise ukukhanya, zilungise ukuthi imisebe yokukhanya ihamba ibanga elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba igxile kahle.<ref name=":1" /> Ukugxila kokukhanya kudinga ukuba kube okunembile. Uma kunganembile, lokho okubukayo kubonakala kungacacile noma kufiphele. Iso lakho linemisipha ekwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezincane esimweni seso, ihambise indawo okugxilwe kuyo ukuze ihlale kahle ku-retina.<ref name=":1" /> Lapho ukukhanya kufika kumaseli e-retina yakho, lawo maseli athumela amasiginali ebuchosheni bakho. Lawa masiginali afana nemiyalezo ebhalwe ngendlela ekhethekile echaza konke okusemandleni awo mayelana nokukhanya. Lokho kuhlanganisa umbala, ukuthi ukukhanya kunamandla kangakanani kanye neminye imininingwane efanele. Ubuchopho bakho buhumusha futhi bucubungule la masiginali, bese buwasebenzisa ukuze “bakhe” isithombe osibonayo.<ref name=":1" /> == ISITHENJWA == <references /> [[Category:Ingxenye yomzimba]] [[Category:Ukubona]] bdis7b34d8hoi9cyz31oz7m7ss1jefb 2 35419 129191 2026-09-19T14:52:51Z Mratata 25458 Created page with "Umhlabathi [[File:Umhlabathi.jpg|right|220x220px]] Umhlabathi uyinto ethambile exegayo emboza ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba. Wakhiwe yizinhlayiya ezingaphili kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Umhlabathi unikeza [[izitshalo]] ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo ukusekelwa ukuze zikhule, futhi uyindawo lapho zithola khona [[amanzi]] kanye nezakhamzimba.<ref name=":1">https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/farm-management/soil/what-is-soil</ref> Imihlaba ihluke kakhulu ngokwezinto zayo zamakhemikhali ne..." 129191 wikitext text/x-wiki Umhlabathi [[File:Umhlabathi.jpg|right|220x220px]] Umhlabathi uyinto ethambile exegayo emboza ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba. Wakhiwe yizinhlayiya ezingaphili kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Umhlabathi unikeza [[izitshalo]] ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo ukusekelwa ukuze zikhule, futhi uyindawo lapho zithola khona [[amanzi]] kanye nezakhamzimba.<ref name=":1">https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/farm-management/soil/what-is-soil</ref> Imihlaba ihluke kakhulu ngokwezinto zayo zamakhemikhali nezakhiwo zayo zomzimba. Izinqubo ezifana nokugeleza kwamanzi emhlabathini, ukuguguleka nokushintsha kwamatshe ngenxa yesimo sezulu, kanye nomsebenzi wamagciwane, zihlangana zenze izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemihlaba. Uhlobo ngalunye lomhlabathi lunezinzuzo kanye nobuthakathaka balo uma lusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ezolimo.<ref name=":1" /> Izici zomzimba zomhlabathi zihlanganisa zonke izinto ongazibona futhi uzithinte, njenge: * ukwakheka noma ubunono bomhlabathi (texture) * umbala * ukujula * ukwakheka komhlabathi (structure) * ubuningi bezikhala (porosity), okuyizikhala eziphakathi kwezinhlayiya * ubuningi bamatshe. Ukwakheka okuhle komhlabathi kusiza ekugcineni impilo yomhlabathi nezitshalo, ngokuvumela amanzi nomoya ukuthi kungene futhi kudlule ezingqimbeni zomhlabathi. Umhlabathi ugcina amanzi adingwa izitshalo ukuze zikhule futhi usekela ukuhamba kwemishini kanye nezilwane.<ref name=":1" /> Nakuba eminye imihlaba ngokwemvelo inokwakheka okuhle kuneminye, ezinye izici zomzimba zomhlabathi zingashintshwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezinhle zokuphatha nokunakekela umhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuqapha izici zomzimba zomhlabathi ukuze uqonde isimo sawo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokuphatha umhlabathi azibangeli ukuwohloka kwawo. Isibonelo salokhu ukuhamba kakhulu kwemishini noma izilwane, okungabangela ukuthi umhlabathi ucindezeleke futhi kunciphe inani lezikhala ezinkulu (macropores), okuyizikhala eziphakathi kwezinhlayiya zomhlabathi. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lomoya namanzi okungena nokudlula emhlabathini.<ref name=":1" /> == ISITHENJWA == <references /> [[Category:Umhlabathi]] [[Category:Ukumila kwezitshalo]] kxra30292ivrsgg1pgkkzr5do2lbf1r 0 35420 129193 2026-09-19T14:55:58Z ShanduMm 25498 ngibhale ngesihloko amakhosi ngafaka izixhumanisi kanye nesithombe senye yamakhosi okuyinkosi yamazulu 129193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amakhosi''' abaholi bendabuko ababusa izigodi banomlando omude badlala indima enkulu ekubambeni umlando, amasiko, nezizwe bahola bayabusa nokubusa izizwe eziphila abantu. Ayizihloko zomphakathi wesiZulu futhi anendima ebalulekile yokugcina amasiko, umlando kanye nobunye besizwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings Portal {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/browse/Kings|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> [[File:His Majesty King Mswati III poses with invited guests at the ICC, including King Letsie III of Lesotho, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, King Misuzulu KaZwelithini, Ian Khama, Jacob Zuma and Joseph Kabila (cropped).jpg|thumb|inkosi ephethe isizwe samazulu]] Umsebenzi wamakhosi asendulo babheka inhlala kahle yesizwe sonke, ukugcina amasiko, ukuvikela umhlaba wamadlozi lona awubusayo, ukuletha ubumbano phakathi kwabantu behlalisene amakhosi awabusi ngamandla kuphela kodwa ayalalela izikhalo zabantu futhi abusa ngenhlonipho abayithola kubadala kanye nasezinkambisweni zesintu. Amakhosi yiwo aphethe umhlaba futhi awuhlukanisayo, ahola imicimbi ebalulekile yesintu axazulula izinkinga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carniel|first=Jess|date=2023-05-04|title=What does a king actually do?|url=https://theconversation.com/what-does-a-king-actually-do-203842|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=The Conversation|language=en-US|doi=10.64628/AA.mw9k9jp5h}}</ref> Amakhosi ayahlonishwa futhin babanika indawo yabo adla ngokubukhosi obukhulu futhi ayahlonishwa kakhulu. Akhelwa zigodlo ezinkulu phakathi nesizwe avikelwa amabutho. Abanamakhosikazi amaningi ngoba ukuthatha abafazi abaningi kuwuphawu lwamandla, lubumbano phakathi kwezizwe kanye nokuqiniseka inzalo yobukhosi. Amakhosi abanemfuyo eningi okuluphawu lomcebo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Divine right of kings {{!}} Definition, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/divine-right-of-kings|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> qj7yic8ujh2i73jyxgzgv8iqz4qi35i 129194 129193 2026-09-19T15:04:43Z ShanduMm 25498 ngishintshe isixhumanisi sesitanza sesibili 129194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amakhosi''' abaholi bendabuko ababusa izigodi banomlando omude badlala indima enkulu ekubambeni umlando, amasiko, nezizwe bahola bayabusa nokubusa izizwe eziphila abantu. Ayizihloko zomphakathi wesiZulu futhi anendima ebalulekile yokugcina amasiko, umlando kanye nobunye besizwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kings Portal {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/browse/Kings|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> [[File:His Majesty King Mswati III poses with invited guests at the ICC, including King Letsie III of Lesotho, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, King Misuzulu KaZwelithini, Ian Khama, Jacob Zuma and Joseph Kabila (cropped).jpg|thumb|inkosi ephethe isizwe samazulu]] Umsebenzi wamakhosi asendulo babheka inhlala kahle yesizwe sonke, ukugcina amasiko, ukuvikela umhlaba wamadlozi lona awubusayo, ukuletha ubumbano phakathi kwabantu behlalisene amakhosi awabusi ngamandla kuphela kodwa ayalalela izikhalo zabantu futhi abusa ngenhlonipho abayithola kubadala kanye nasezinkambisweni zesintu. Amakhosi yiwo aphethe umhlaba futhi awuhlukanisayo, ahola imicimbi ebalulekile yesintu axazulula izinkinga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Programme|first=Ulwazi|date=2017-03-27|title=Ubuholi bendabuko|url=https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/ubuholi-bendabuko/|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=The Ulwazi Programme|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Amakhosi ayahlonishwa futhin babanika indawo yabo adla ngokubukhosi obukhulu futhi ayahlonishwa kakhulu. Akhelwa zigodlo ezinkulu phakathi nesizwe avikelwa amabutho. Abanamakhosikazi amaningi ngoba ukuthatha abafazi abaningi kuwuphawu lwamandla, lubumbano phakathi kwezizwe kanye nokuqiniseka inzalo yobukhosi. Amakhosi abanemfuyo eningi okuluphawu lomcebo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stitt|first=Ruth E.|date=2018-06-11|title=How to Approach a King|url=https://scripturecomesto.life/blog/how-to-approach-a-king/|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=Scripture Comes to Life|language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> jzz8u5kkbbfdgm8f9m9w5svhsg30qrh 1 35422 129209 2026-09-19T17:55:58Z Fongcwele 16873 /* iNkosi Vs amakhosi */ new section 129209 wikitext text/x-wiki == iNkosi Vs amakhosi == Hi @[[User:ShanduMm|ShanduMm]], did you realise ukuthi there's an article discussing amakhosi title [[Inkosi]] khona lapha on isiZulu Wikipedia? Ngibona ngathi you will be discussing the same issue. Maybe you should expand that article, instead of having 2 duplicate articles ngento eyodwa. Ucabangani? [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 17:55, 19 uMandulo 2026 (UTC) 933tz68qmxaaovrovktzw1fipmvg607 0 35423 129217 2026-09-19T19:14:46Z LondiweBridget 25427 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347310172|Government-granted monopoly]]" 129217 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="law sidebar style/styles.css"></templatestyles>Emkhakheni w[[ezomnotho]], i-monopoly egunyazwe uhulumeni (ebizwa nangokuthi "i-de jure monopoly<nowiki>''</nowiki> yezomthetho" noma "i-regulated monopoly") uhlobo lwe-monopolis ecindezelayo lapho uhulumeni enikeza khona ilungelo eliyingqayizivele kumuntu oyedwa noma ifemu ukuba ibe ngumhlinzeki oyedwa wezinto noma usizo; abancintisanayo nabo bayakhishwa emakethe ngokomthetho, ukulawulwa, noma ezinye izindlela zokuphoqelela uhulumeni. Njengohlobo lwe-monopoly ephoqelelwe, i-monopolis enikezwe uhulumeni ihlukile ku-monopoly engalawulwa, lapho kungekho khona ukuncintisana kodwa ayikhishwa ngaphandle ngenkani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cabral|first=Carrie|date=2021-02-07|title=Different Types of Monopolies and How They Work|url=https://www.shortform.com/blog/different-types-of-monopolies/|accessdate=2022-03-03|website=Shortform Books|language=en-US}}</ref> Phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuphoqelela ukulawula kuhlukanisiwe nokuphatha kukahulumeni noma umbuso we mnopoly (lapho ''Ama-ejensi kahulumeni'' ephethe ukulawula okuphoqelelwe ngokomthetho kunabantu ngamunye noma amafemu) kanye nama-cartel axhaswa nguhulumeni (lapho uhulumeni ephoqelela abakhiqizi abazimele ukuba bavumelise izinqumo zabo ngokwengxenye nenhlangano ephakathi nendawo). Abameli bezinhlangano ezixhaswe nguhulumeni bavame ukusho ukuthi bayaqinisekisa izinga lokulawulwa komphakathi ezimbonini ezibalulekile, ngaphandle kokuba lezo zimboni ziphathwe umbuso. Abaphikisi bavame ukubagxeka njengobuhle bezombusazwe. Ukulawula okunikezwe uhulumeni kungase kuphikiswe yilabo abethanda [[INdayi ekhululekile|Izimakethe ezikhululekile]] kanye nalabo abathanda ukufaka izinkampani ezizimele esikhundleni somphakathi. == Umlando == Ngaphansi kwezimiso zezomnotho ze-i-mercantilist, ohulumeni baseYurophu nenhlalakahle yamakoloni babevame ukunikeza izinkampani ezifundeni ezithile, njenge-Dutch East India Company .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roos|first=Dave|date=23 October 2020|title=How the East India Company Became the World's Most Powerful Monopoly|url=https://www.history.com/news/east-india-company-england-trade|accessdate=2022-03-03|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> Namuhla, ukulawula okuxhaswe nguhulumeni kungatholakala ezinsizakalweni zomphakathi njengemigwaqo yomphakathi, iposi, Ukunikezwa kwamanzi, kanye nogesi, kanye nemikhakha ethile ekhethekile futhi elawulwa kakhulu njengemfundo nokugembula. Emazweni amaningi, izimboni zemithombo yemvelo ezinenzuzo, ikakhulukazi imboni [[Amafuthetshe|uwoyela]], zilawulwa ama-monopoly anikezwe uhulumeni. Ama-franchise anikezwe ohulumeni ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi emigwaqweni yomphakathi kungezinye izibonelo. == I-patent == I-patent uhlu lamalungelo akhethekile anikezwe umbuso noma uhulumeni kazwelonke kumsunguli noma umnikazi wakhe Isikhathi esilinganiselwe ukuze kwembulwe obala Ukusungulwa. Inqubo yokunikeza ama-patent, okulindelekile okubekwe kwi patent kanye nezinga lamalungelo akhethekile lihlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe ngokwemithetho yamazwe nezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba. Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, isicelo se-patent kufanele sihlanganise izimangalo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esichaza Ukusungula okufanele kube okusha, okuqamba, futhi okuwusizo noma okusebenzayo ezimbonini. Emazweni amaningi, izindawo ezithile zezifundo azifakiwe kuma-patent, njengezindlela zebhizinisi nezenzo zengqondo. Ilungelo eliyingqayizivele elinikezwe i-patent emazweni amaningi ilungelo lokuvimbela abanye ekwenzeni, basebenzise, abathengise, noma abasakaze ukusungulwa okugunyathiwe ngaphandle kwemvume. == Amalungelo okubhala == I-copyright iyilungelo ngokomthetho elenziwe ngumthetho wezwe elinikeza umenzi womsebenzi wokuqala amalungelo akhethelekile okusetshenziswa nokusakazwa kwawo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba isikhathi esilinganiselwe kuphela. Amalungelo akhethelekile awaqiniselekile kodwa angaphansi kwemingcele kanye nokungavumelani nemimthetho ye-copyright,okubalwa ukusetshenziswa okufanele. Umkhawulo omkhulu we-copyright ukuthi ivikela kuphela ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwemibono, hhayi imibono eyisisekelo ngokwayo. uphawu lokuhweba noma uphawu lokuhweba[note 1] uphawu oluhlukile noma uphawu olusetshenziswa ngumuntu, inhlangano yebhizinisi, noma enye Inhlangano engokomthetho ukubonisa ukuthi [[Izingudla|imikhiqizo]] noma izinsizakalo abathengi lapho uphawu lokuzihweba lubonakala khona zivela emthonjeni oyingqayizivele, nokuhlukanisa imikhiqizo noma [[Inkonzo (kwezomnotho)|izinkonzo]] zayo kulezo zezinye izinhlangano. Ama-trademarks angasebenza njengohlobo ukuvikelwa kwabathengi olwehlisa izindleko zokuthengiselana phakathi komthengi nomthengisi abangajwayelene.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Landes |first=William |year=2003 |title=The economic structure of intellectual property law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-KkvbT6F4UC |last2=Posner |first2=Richard |isbn=978-0-674-01204-2 |pages=442 |chapter=7 |access-date=2009-08-18}} - Subheading: '''The Economic Function of Trademarks''' p 166</ref> nme2t65uvkvo353hlevxl0zlx81id7h 0 35424 129219 2026-09-19T20:03:00Z Youjay-zu 27319 I-NPL11 Nepal 129219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I-NPL11 Nepal''' (eyasungulwa ngo-2026) iwuhlobo lwedijithali lwe-iGaming olugxile kakhulu kumakhalekhukhwini, oluhlanganisa ukubheja kwezemidlalo, ikhasino ebukhoma, imidlalo yama-slot, imidlalo yamakhadi neyetafula, ama-esports, ilotho, imidlalo yokudoba kanye nokuzijabulisa okunikeza imiklomelo ngokushesha—konke kutholakala enkundleni eyodwa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=NEWSWIRE|first=GLOBE|date=2026-09-17|title=NPL11 Launched as Licensed Online Casino in Nepal on July 19, 2026, With Deposits and Payouts via eSewa and Khalti|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/09/17/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/npl11-launched-as-licensed-online-casino-in-nepal-on-july-19-2026-with-deposits-and-payouts-via-esewa-and-khalti/2427453/amp|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=The Manila Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=GiN|first=Special to|date=2026-09-12|title=Must-Try Casino Video Game Platforms for Gamers: Magar33, NPL11, and eSewa12 - Gameindustry.com|url=https://www.gameindustry.com/news-industry-happenings/must-try-casino-video-game-platforms-for-gamers-magar33-npl11-and-esewa12/|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=Game Industry News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-09-17|title=NPL11 Nepal Launches Enhanced Website Platform for eSports Gaming August 6, 2026|url=https://www.wboc.com/online_features/press_releases/npl11-nepal-launches-enhanced-website-platform-for-esports-gaming-august-6-2026/article_172c2368-4560-55da-9bb1-b32e3d83c4cc.html|accessdate=2026-09-19|website=WBOC TV|language=en}}</ref> == Imithombo == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Isixhumanisi sangaphandle == {{Official website|https://npl11nepal.com}} 4cubphtxdrwj4vli29px4lxjl123gz7 2 35425 129220 2026-09-19T20:05:25Z Youjay-zu 27319 /* */ 129220 wikitext text/x-wiki LGBTQ trtss4qdse9skaoob6ykuj3qdvvco9s 2 35426 129221 2026-09-19T20:25:38Z Mratata 25458 Created page with "[[File:Igciwane isandulela nculaza.jpg|right|219x219px]] Igciwane isandulela nculaza '''Isandulela nculaza''' yigciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. Uma ingelashwa, ingaholela ku-AIDS (i-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Okwamanje alikho ikhambi elisebenzayo. Uma umuntu esengenwe yileli gciwane, uhlala nayo [[impilo]] yakhe yonke. Kodwa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezempilo kungayilawula leli gciwane. Abantu abanaleli gciwane abaqala futhi baqhubeke nokuthola ukwelashwa..." 129221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Igciwane isandulela nculaza.jpg|right|219x219px]] Igciwane isandulela nculaza '''Isandulela nculaza''' yigciwane elihlasela amasosha omzimba. Uma ingelashwa, ingaholela ku-AIDS (i-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Okwamanje alikho ikhambi elisebenzayo. Uma umuntu esengenwe yileli gciwane, uhlala nayo [[impilo]] yakhe yonke. Kodwa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezempilo kungayilawula leli gciwane. Abantu abanaleli gciwane abaqala futhi baqhubeke nokuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwenculaza bangaphila impilo ende nenempilo futhi bavikele abalingani babo.<ref name=":1">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html</ref> Isandulela nculaza itholakala esidodeni (i-cum), oketshezini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kumafinyila asemgudwini wangemuva, egazini, nasobisini lwebele. Leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa amanxeba noma izilonda esikhumbeni, Kanye nolwelwesi olumanzi(njengaphakathi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, emgudwini wangemuva, nasemlonyeni wesitho sangasese sowesilisa).<ref>https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hiv-aids</ref> Abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ezifana nezomkhuhlane phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngemva kokutheleleka. Izimpawu zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Ukuba nalezi zimpawu kuphela akusho ukuthi une-HIV. Ezinye izifo zingadala izimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu abanazo nhlobo izimpawu. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi unayo yini inculaza.<ref name=":1" /> Uma unaleli gciwane kunezindlela eziningi zokuvimbela ukulidlisa kwabanye, okuhlanganisa nokuthatha imishanguzo yalo Leli gciwane ukuze wehlise futhi ugcine inani legciwane egazini lingabonakali, ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngendlela efanele njalo uma uya ocansini, ungalokothi wabelane ngezinaliti, amasirinji, noma ezinye izinsiza ezisetshenziselwa ukujova izidakamizwa.<ref name=":1" /> == ISITHENJWA == <references /> [[Category:Isifo senculaza]] [[Category:Ukugula]] jr005i6aje3misu8b0o44sbtpu3uk8d 0 35427 129252 2026-09-20T06:38:45Z Cebisah 25500 Ngibhale iarticle ngafaka namalinki akhona ngafaka nesthombe sesilwane engibhale ngaso 129252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pfau imponierend.jpg|thumb|Ipikoko]] '''Ipikoko''' inyoni enhle eyaziwa ngezimpaphe zayo ezinemibala emihle. Ipikoko leduna linomsila omude eliwuvula njengefeni uma lifuna ukuheha ipikoko lensikazi. Lihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, emapulazini nasezindaweni ezinotshani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ross|first=Heather|date=2018-09-10|title=Peacock|url=https://a-z-animals.com/animals/peacock/|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=A-Z Animals|language=en-US}}</ref> Ipikoko lidla izinto ezahlukene. Lidla imbewu, izithelo, utshani nezinambuzane. Lingadla nezilwane ezincane ezifana nezibankwa nezinyoka ezincane.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolfel|first=Emily|date=2021-11-04|title=What Do Peacocks Eat?|url=https://a-z-animals.com/animals/peacock/what-do-peacocks-eat/|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=A-Z Animals|language=en-US}}</ref> Ipikoko lizalana ngokubeka amaqanda. Ipikoko lensikazi lakha isidleke emhlabathini bese lizalela amaqanda. Liyawafukamela kuze achamusele abe ngamaphuphu. Amaphuphu anakekelwa yipikoko lensikazi aze akhule. Ipikoko liyatholakala [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raising Peafowl|url=https://www.inpoultry.com/raising-peafowl|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=Indiana State Poultry Association|language=en-US}}</ref> 4vbqiqy3hjnrhaou5s3c82in12nvas4 0 35428 129256 2026-09-20T07:16:09Z Cebisah 25500 ngisungule uhlaka lwesihlanu nge pikoko ngafaka nesthombe namalinki akhona 129256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paonroue.JPG|thumb|Ipikoko]] '''Ipikoko''' inyoni enhle eyaziwa ngezimpaphe zayo ezinemibala emihle. Ipikoko leduna linomsila omude eliwuvula njengefeni uma lifuna ukuheha ipikoko lensikazi. Lihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, nasezindaweni ezinotshani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ross|first=Heather|date=2018-09-10|title=Peacock|url=https://a-z-animals.com/animals/peacock/|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=A-Z Animals|language=en-US}}</ref> Ipikoko lidla izinto ezahlukene. Lidla imbewu, izithelo, utshani nezinambuzane. Lingadla nezilwane ezincane ezifana nezibankwa nezinyoni ezincane.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-15|title=All about the peacock: diet, behaviour and care {{!}} Vetsend.co.uk|url=https://www.vetsend.co.uk/all-about-the-peacock|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=Medpets|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ipikoko lizalana ngokubeka amaqanda. Ipikoko lensikazi lakha isidleke emhlabathini bese lizalela amaqanda. Liyawafukamela kuze achamusele abe ngamaphuphu. Amaphuphu anakekelwa yipikoko lensikazi aze akhule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raising Peafowl|url=https://www.inpoultry.com/raising-peafowl|accessdate=2026-09-20|website=Indiana State Poultry Association|language=en-US}}</ref> oobz58x0bvxjme9oipiwhgyahyxgxok 0 35429 129262 2026-09-20T07:55:39Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362859833|Motsetsi]]" 129262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umgede iMotsetsi''' (owaziwa nangokuthi '''IMotsetse''') ungumhume ogcwele ingqaka onezitshicwa oqhele ngebanga elingaba amakhilomitha ali-14 (8.7 empumalanga yeziza ezaziwayo zas[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]] ezinezinkawuntu zaseSterkfontein naseKromdraai futhi ungamakhilomitha angama-45 enyakatho-ntshonalanga [[IGoli (idolobha)|neGoli]], eNingizimu Afrika. IMotsetsi imenyezelwe [[Iziza zefagugu kuzwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika|njengeSiza Sefagugu kuzwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=9/2/233/0033 - Motsetse, Tweefontein 523 JQ, Gauteng|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/node/19155|accessdate=16 September 2013|publisher=[[South African Heritage Resources Agency]]}}</ref> == Umlando wophenyo == [[File:Students_at_Motsetse.jpg|thumb|Abafundi bemba emivubukulweni eyinhloko yoMgede iMotsetse. UPeter Schmid, umsizi wesikhathi eside uphambili.]] Umgede iMotsetsi yye waphenywa selokhu watholakala nguLee Berger ngowe-1999.<ref name="Hilton-BarberBerger2004">{{Cite book |last=Hilton-Barber |first=Brett |year=2004 |title=Field Guide to the Cradle of Humankind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai & Environs World Heritage Site |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzEDy3SyptEC |last2=Berger |first2=Lee R. |author-link2=Lee R. Berger |publisher=Struik |isbn=978-1-77007-065-3}}</ref> Kusukela lapho uchungechunge lokuvubukula kwesikhashana luye lwathola amashumi ezinkulungwane [[Intshicwa|zezintshicwa]] Ukuvubukula kuye kwenziwa eMotsetse [[University of the Witwatersrand|yiNyuvesi yaseWits]] futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokubambisana noPeter Schmid weNyuvesi yaseZurich. Kuye kwabiwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yale ndawo.<ref name="Hilton-BarberBerger2004" /> == Izintshicwa ezitholakele == Ezinkulungwaneni eziningi zezintshicwa ezitholakale emgedeni iMotsetsi, kodwa azikho izintshicwa zezinkawuntu ezatholakala. Izintshicwa eziningi ezibabazeka kakhulu zezinye izilwane, nokho, zitholakale kufaka phakathi izinsalela zezintshcwa ze-''Dinofelis'' ezigcinwe kahle - uhlobo lwekati elingamanga elinamazinyo e-saber.<ref name="BergerLacruz2003">{{Cite journal |last=Berger |first=L.R. |last2=Lacruz |first2=R. |year=2003 |title=Preliminary report on the first excavations at the new fossil site of Motsetse, Gauteng, South Africa |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=99 |issue=5/6 |pages=279–283 |hdl=10520/EJC97627}}</ref> === Umchazamphansi === Umgede iMotsetse liwuchungechunge lwemihume egcwele ingqaka (brecia) eyakhiwa emfantwini ogudla uqhekeko lomchazamphansi. [[File:Motsetse2.jpg|thumb|Izindawo ezihlukahlukene zaseMotsetse]] ==== Ubudala bemithombo ==== IMotsetsi ibhekwe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-1.0 kuya kwezingu-1.6 ubudala ngokusekelwe ezilwaneni ezitholakele.<ref name="BergerLacruz2003" /> == Amaphatho == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Isidabuko Sesintu]] [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] iihyvzfnrbsicpgrs6bhrvlw9oyfplz 129263 129262 2026-09-20T07:59:22Z Fongcwele 16873 129263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = Isiza Sezintshicwa iMotsetse, Isidabuko Sesintu | pushpin_map = South Africa Gauteng | pushpin_relief = 1 | map_caption = Location in Gauteng | location = [[Gauteng]], South Africa | nearest_city = Krugersdorp, South Africa | coordinates = {{coord|25|54|30|S|27|49|57|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area = | established = Yafakwa kwiSidabuko Sesintu ngowe-1999 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Isidabuko Sesintu nomnikazi wangasese }} '''Umgede iMotsetsi''' (owaziwa nangokuthi '''IMotsetse''') ungumhume ogcwele ingqaka onezitshicwa oqhele ngebanga elingaba amakhilomitha ali-14 (8.7 empumalanga yeziza ezaziwayo zas[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]] ezinezinkawuntu zaseSterkfontein naseKromdraai futhi ungamakhilomitha angama-45 enyakatho-ntshonalanga [[IGoli (idolobha)|neGoli]], eNingizimu Afrika. IMotsetsi imenyezelwe [[Iziza zefagugu kuzwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika|njengeSiza Sefagugu kuzwelonke laseNingizimu Afrika]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=9/2/233/0033 - Motsetse, Tweefontein 523 JQ, Gauteng|url=http://www.sahra.org.za/node/19155|accessdate=16 September 2013|publisher=[[South African Heritage Resources Agency]]}}</ref> == Umlando wophenyo == [[File:Students_at_Motsetse.jpg|thumb|Abafundi bemba emivubukulweni eyinhloko yoMgede iMotsetse. UPeter Schmid, umsizi wesikhathi eside uphambili.]] Umgede iMotsetsi yye waphenywa selokhu watholakala nguLee Berger ngowe-1999.<ref name="Hilton-BarberBerger2004">{{Cite book |last=Hilton-Barber |first=Brett |year=2004 |title=Field Guide to the Cradle of Humankind: Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai & Environs World Heritage Site |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JzEDy3SyptEC |last2=Berger |first2=Lee R. |author-link2=Lee R. Berger |publisher=Struik |isbn=978-1-77007-065-3}}</ref> Kusukela lapho uchungechunge lokuvubukula kwesikhashana luye lwathola amashumi ezinkulungwane [[Intshicwa|zezintshicwa]] Ukuvubukula kuye kwenziwa eMotsetse [[University of the Witwatersrand|yiNyuvesi yaseWits]] futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokubambisana noPeter Schmid weNyuvesi yaseZurich. Kuye kwabiwa ingxenye encane kakhulu yale ndawo.<ref name="Hilton-BarberBerger2004" /> == Izintshicwa ezitholakele == Ezinkulungwaneni eziningi zezintshicwa ezitholakale emgedeni iMotsetsi, kodwa azikho izintshicwa zezinkawuntu ezatholakala. Izintshicwa eziningi ezibabazeka kakhulu zezinye izilwane, nokho, zitholakale kufaka phakathi izinsalela zezintshcwa ze-''Dinofelis'' ezigcinwe kahle - uhlobo lwekati elingamanga elinamazinyo e-saber.<ref name="BergerLacruz2003">{{Cite journal |last=Berger |first=L.R. |last2=Lacruz |first2=R. |year=2003 |title=Preliminary report on the first excavations at the new fossil site of Motsetse, Gauteng, South Africa |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=99 |issue=5/6 |pages=279–283 |hdl=10520/EJC97627}}</ref> === Umchazamphansi === Umgede iMotsetse liwuchungechunge lwemihume egcwele ingqaka (brecia) eyakhiwa emfantwini ogudla uqhekeko lomchazamphansi. [[File:Motsetse2.jpg|thumb|Izindawo ezihlukahlukene zaseMotsetse]] ==== Ubudala bemithombo ==== IMotsetsi ibhekwe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-1.0 kuya kwezingu-1.6 ubudala ngokusekelwe ezilwaneni ezitholakele.<ref name="BergerLacruz2003" /> == Amaphatho == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Isidabuko Sesintu]] [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] enptj4exluajuk1oosx4vu00g7gjv6w 0 35430 129264 2026-09-20T09:13:19Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361809314|Pantsula]]" 129264 wikitext text/x-wiki IsiPantsula siyinkambiso futhi [[Umsino|siwumsino]] wobukhuphekhuphe owaqala emanxulumeni wabansundu eNingizimu Afrika ngenkathi [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|Ubandlululo]]. Sathuthuka saba uhlobo lokuphawula kwezenhlalo lwabantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika futhi siye sabhekana nezinguquko eziningana ngenxa yokushintsha kw[[ezombusazwe]] zezwe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winship |first=Lyndsey |author-link=The Guardian |date=8 October 2018 |title=Pantsula revolution! How South Africa's townships dance got political |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/oct/08/pantsula-dance-south-africa-via-kanana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008120210/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/oct/08/pantsula-dance-south-africa-via-kanana |archive-date=8 October 2018 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> == Imvelaphi nomlando == Umsino wesiPantsula wavela ngawo-1950 nawo-1960 njengempendulo yokususwa ngempoqoe okwenziwa uhulumeni wobandlululo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokungena kwawo emandleni. Saqala e-Alexandra naseSophiatown, amanxuluma amabili [[IGoli (idolobha)|aseGoli]], njengoba amaqembu amadoda amadala ayehlanganyela emincintiswaneni yokusina yasemgwaqweni engahleliwe. Kancane kancane uhlobo lomsino lwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.<ref name="casestudies">{{Cite book |last=Myburgh |first=Collin Vincent |year=1993 |title=Pantsula Dance - Case Studies on the origins and makings of a township art form |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |pages=1–16}}</ref> Ngawo-1980, isipantsula sasisetshenziswa abantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika babo bonke ubudala futhi sasingasagcini kwabesilisa. Saqala ukuba nemiqondo eminingi yezombusazwe. IsiPantsula sasisetshenziswa njengendlela yokubonisa ukumelana nomzabalazo wezombusazwe owawuphikisana nohulumeni wobandlululo, kanye nokusetshenziselwa ukusakaza ukuqapha ngezindaba zomphakathi ezifana nengculaza.<ref name="Footsteps">{{Cite journal |last=Samuel |first=Gerry |year=2001 |title=Shifts in Pantsula in a performance context in KawZulu-Natal: a case study of Pearl Ndaba's Golden Dancers between 1998 - 2001 |journal=Footsteps Across the Landscape of Dance in South Africa |pages=53–58}}</ref> Ngemuva kokuphela kobandlululo ngowe-1994, isipantsula saphikelela njengokubonakaliswa kwezimpande zamasiko kubantu abaningi abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika. Siphinde sathola ukuthandwa emphakathini omhlophe waseNingizimu Afrika futhi siqale ukuthatha izincazelo ezintsha njengendlela yokusina yabo bonke.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hlope |first=Thando |last2=Skewiya |first2=Sisipho |date=7 July 2023 |title=South African troupe takes pantsula to global audience |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2023-07-07-south-african-troupe-takes-pantsula-to-global-audience/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415154241/https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2023-07-07-south-african-troupe-takes-pantsula-to-global-audience/ |archive-date=15 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Times Live}}</ref> == Ubuchule == IsiPantsula siyinhlanganisela, yezinyathelo ezisheshayo, uhlobo lomsino waphansi oluvusa isiko lasemgwaqweni eliyingxenye yalo, sisinwa amaqembu abasini abazijwayeza ndawonye amahora amaningi isonto ngalinye. Siyindlela enamandla, yohlobo lomvezo wokusina. Njengoba omunye umsini wesipantalula echazisa, "thina sinogqozi, simunye, sinamandla, sisebasha, siqiile futhi siyashesha, sinesitayela sethu futhi sinomncintiswano"<ref name="casestudies" /> Savela emisinweni yabeSuthu yomqaquanga nemarabi, kanye nethonya le-jazz yaseMelika yangeminyaka yama-1930.<ref name="personal communication">{{Cite news |last=Pather |first=Jay |title=personal communication}}</ref> Izinguquko zakamuva zokusina kwesipantsula zowe-1980 zathonywa yi-hip hop yaseMelika ne-breakdance.<ref name="Footsteps" /> Izinyathelo ezisheshayo, eziqalayo emigqeni emazombe ezinezingabunjalo lesigqi esingafani zichaza lolu hlobo lokunyakaza. Uhlobo olubizwa Charleston, oluvivisa amadolo lwe-jazz yaseMelika, kanye nokuyabazisa izandla nokubhubuza (locking) okutholakala kumculo we-hip hop waseMelika, nazo ziyatholakala kulolu hlobo lokusina. Igama elithi isipantsula igama lesiZuluelivela kwelithi ''phansula'', futhi libhekisela esitayeleni sokusia. Lesi sinyathelo sokusina ngephaba sisebenzisa kakhulu imilenze yakho futhi sinokweqisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Actions|url=http://realactionpantsula.wordpress.com/|accessdate=8 May 2013}}</ref> IsiPantsula sinezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo laseNtshonalanga, ubuthi obulusilili, ne-''futhuza''. Uhlobo laseNtshona liwuhobo oluvame kakhulu, futhi sidinga isidlakalasi. Izingalo zihlale zembozwe esifubeni esiqondile ngenkathi izinyawo zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zihamba ngokunyakaza okuhlukile njengoba amaqembu abasini behamba futhi bephuma ezindleleni ezizombezayo. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukulawula okuhle ngokomzimba. Ubuthi obulusilili (slow poison) bufana nohlobo laseNtshona, ikakhulukazi izingalo ezimi ndawonye kanye nokunyakaza komzimba okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa yenziwa kancane, ngendlela engaguquguquki ngokushaya okuqhubekayo. ''I-Futhuza'' igcwele izici ze-breakdancing yaseMelika ne-hiphop. Lolu hlobo lusebenzisa ukunyakaza okuxhumene, ngezinye izikhathi obugobhozayo, kwesithununu nokubhubuza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Banks|first=Taylor|authorlink=Vox (magazine)|date=26 October 2017|title=The Festival of South African Dance expresses roots through performance|url=https://www.voxmagazine.com/arts/art/the-festival-of-south-african-dance-expresses-roots-through-performance/article_d0200360-b9ae-11e7-be21-ef1252cd4296.html#:~:text=Sello%20Modiga%2C%20the%20founder%20and,style%20uses%20more%20chest%20movements.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418072539/https://www.voxmagazine.com/arts/art/the-festival-of-south-african-dance-expresses-roots-through-performance/article_d0200360-b9ae-11e7-be21-ef1252cd4296.html|archive-date=18 April 2024|accessdate=18 April 2024|website=Vox}}</ref> == Umculo == Ekuqaleni, abasini besipantsula babengenawo umculo oqoshiwe futhi babesinela umculo obukhoma, kufaka phakathi amazwi afana noBra Sello no "Big Voice Jack" Lerole.<ref name="casestudies" /> Njengoba imisakazo yayitholakala kalula, abasini bakhetha umculo we-pop wamazwe omhlaba nowaseMelika, bebiza abantu abafana [[Michael Jackson|UMichael Jackson]] kanye nabaculi be-rap abahlanganisa I-MC Hammer noP Diddy. Kodwa-ke, ngawo-1990, kwavela uhlobo oluthile lomculo wesipantsula: [[iKwaito]]. Lo mculo weziliminingi uvamile emasikweni amaningi aseNingizimu Afrika, futhi uyingxube [[IsiSuthu|yesiSotho]], [[IsiZulu]], isiNgisi, ne-Afrikaans. Uqinile futhi ubukhali, njengesipantsula, futhi unkonkoma isithombe somgwaqo, nesezigebengu.<ref name="Footsteps" /> == Isiko elithandwayo == IsiPantsula savela kuvidiyo yomculo yowezi-2018 ethi "All the Stars" yomculi UKendrick Lamar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2018|title=How a 'Black Panther' Music Video Taps into an Old Trend|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/03/all-the-stars-kendrick-lamar-sza-video-afrocentrism-afrofuturism/554306/|website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 February 2018|title=Kendrick Lamar and SZA Serve Wakandan Royal Opulence in 'All the Stars' Video|url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/02/watch-kendrick-lamar-and-szas-all-the-stars-video.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 February 2018|title=Kendrick Lamar's "All the Stars" video in appropriation scandal|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-02-12-kendrick-lamars-new-video-all-the-stars-video-in-appropriation-scandal}}</ref> Ukusina isiPantsula kuyisihloko somdlalo -''Tjo Vitjo'', oluchunge kumabonakude wengempelakhulu waseNingizimu Afrika owakhiwa ngowezi-2017 ngumhleli we-documentary uVincent Moloi futhi owaluhlanganisa uWarren Masemola noRapulana Seiphemo. Njengamanje (2022) uboniswa ku-Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-23|title=The parallel yet familiar world of Tjovitjo|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2020-04-23-the-parallel-yet-familiar-world-of-tjovitjo/|accessdate=2022-03-25|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ngowezi-2021, ilingiso lomsino ku-Netflix, i-''Jiva!''! othwetshulwe enxulumeni laseMlazi eThekwini, libonisa isipantsula kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokusina zaseNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winship |first=Lyndsey |date=12 July 2021 |title=The joy of Jiva! Netflix's South African dance series bursts from the screen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/jul/12/jiva-netflix-south-africa-street-dance-series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822204739/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/jul/12/jiva-netflix-south-africa-street-dance-series |archive-date=22 August 2021 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ngowezi-2015, umculi nomlobi wezingoma waseFrance uJaine wayekhiphe ingoma enesihloko esithi "''Makeba''" kucwecwe lakhe elithi ''Zanaka'' elalihlanganise izici zomculo womhlaba futhi njengombungazo womculo odumile womhlaba wonke nomculi wezombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika [[Miriam Makeba|UMiriam Makeba]]. Ividiyo yomculo yalengoma yathwetshulwa eNingizimu Afrika futhi yabonisa abasini besipantsula.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillay |first=Taschica |author-link=TimesLIVE |date=8 December 2016 |title=French singer resurrects 'Mama Africa' |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2016-12-08-french-singer-resurrects-mama-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064011/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2016-12-08-french-singer-resurrects-mama-africa/ |archive-date=18 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Times Live}}</ref> Ngowezi-2023, le ngoma yaba yinsakavukela ku-Tik Tok naku-Instagram ngenxa yesinkawuza esiveza umlingisi waseMelika nomdlali wamahlaya UBill Harder esina kule ngoma.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |author-link=IOL (South Africa) |date=7 July 2023 |title=WATCH: French singer Jain's Miriam Makeba song has social media buzzing |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/watch-french-singer-jains-miriam-makeba-song-has-social-media-buzzing-350d024b-aaee-41b3-8306-a75719467642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718130837/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/watch-french-singer-jains-miriam-makeba-song-has-social-media-buzzing-350d024b-aaee-41b3-8306-a75719467642 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=IOL}}</ref> == Amaphatho == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Umsino]] b9d689xiwqve21601pfg520zr48h31t 129265 129264 2026-09-20T11:35:02Z Fongcwele 16873 129265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Isipantsula ngesibheqe sohlamvu.png|thumb|Elithi Isipantsula ngesibheqe sohlamvu]] '''IsiPantsula''' noma '''IsiPansula''' siyinkambiso futhi [[Umsino|siwumsino]] wobukhuphekhuphe owaqala emanxulumeni wabansundu eNingizimu Afrika ngenkathi [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|Ubandlululo]]. Sathuthuka saba uhlobo lokuphawula kwezenhlalo lwabantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika futhi siye sabhekana nezinguquko eziningana ngenxa yokushintsha kw[[ezombusazwe]] zezwe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winship |first=Lyndsey |author-link=The Guardian |date=8 October 2018 |title=Pantsula revolution! How South Africa's townships dance got political |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/oct/08/pantsula-dance-south-africa-via-kanana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008120210/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2018/oct/08/pantsula-dance-south-africa-via-kanana |archive-date=8 October 2018 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> == Imvelaphi nomlando == Umsino wesiPantsula wavela ngawo-1950 nawo-1960 njengempendulo yokususwa ngempoqoe okwenziwa uhulumeni wobandlululo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokungena kwawo emandleni. Saqala e-Alexandra naseSophiatown, amanxuluma amabili [[IGoli (idolobha)|aseGoli]], njengoba amaqembu amadoda amadala ayehlanganyela emincintiswaneni yokusina yasemgwaqweni engahleliwe. Kancane kancane uhlobo lomsino lwasakazeka kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika.<ref name="casestudies">{{Cite book |last=Myburgh |first=Collin Vincent |year=1993 |title=Pantsula Dance - Case Studies on the origins and makings of a township art form |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |pages=1–16}}</ref> Ngawo-1980, isipantsula sasisetshenziswa abantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika babo bonke ubudala futhi sasingasagcini kwabesilisa. Saqala ukuba nemiqondo eminingi yezombusazwe. IsiPantsula sasisetshenziswa njengendlela yokubonisa ukumelana nomzabalazo wezombusazwe owawuphikisana nohulumeni wobandlululo, kanye nokusetshenziselwa ukusakaza ukuqapha ngezindaba zomphakathi ezifana nengculaza.<ref name="Footsteps">{{Cite journal |last=Samuel |first=Gerry |year=2001 |title=Shifts in Pantsula in a performance context in KawZulu-Natal: a case study of Pearl Ndaba's Golden Dancers between 1998 - 2001 |journal=Footsteps Across the Landscape of Dance in South Africa |pages=53–58}}</ref> Ngemuva kokuphela kobandlululo ngowe-1994, isipantsula saphikelela njengokubonakaliswa kwezimpande zamasiko kubantu abaningi abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika. Siphinde sathola ukuthandwa emphakathini omhlophe waseNingizimu Afrika futhi siqale ukuthatha izincazelo ezintsha njengendlela yokusina yabo bonke.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hlope |first=Thando |last2=Skewiya |first2=Sisipho |date=7 July 2023 |title=South African troupe takes pantsula to global audience |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2023-07-07-south-african-troupe-takes-pantsula-to-global-audience/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415154241/https://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2023-07-07-south-african-troupe-takes-pantsula-to-global-audience/ |archive-date=15 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Times Live}}</ref> == Ubuchule == IsiPantsula siyinhlanganisela, yezinyathelo ezisheshayo, uhlobo lomsino waphansi oluvusa isiko lasemgwaqweni eliyingxenye yalo, sisinwa amaqembu abasini abazijwayeza ndawonye amahora amaningi isonto ngalinye. Siyindlela enamandla, yohlobo lomvezo wokusina. Njengoba omunye umsini wesipantalula echazisa, "thina sinogqozi, simunye, sinamandla, sisebasha, siqiile futhi siyashesha, sinesitayela sethu futhi sinomncintiswano"<ref name="casestudies" /> Savela emisinweni yabeSuthu yomqaquanga nemarabi, kanye nethonya le-jazz yaseMelika yangeminyaka yama-1930.<ref name="personal communication">{{Cite news |last=Pather |first=Jay |title=personal communication}}</ref> Izinguquko zakamuva zokusina kwesipantsula zowe-1980 zathonywa yi-hip hop yaseMelika ne-breakdance.<ref name="Footsteps" /> Izinyathelo ezisheshayo, eziqalayo emigqeni emazombe ezinezingabunjalo lesigqi esingafani zichaza lolu hlobo lokunyakaza. Uhlobo olubizwa Charleston, oluvivisa amadolo lwe-jazz yaseMelika, kanye nokuyabazisa izandla nokubhubuza (locking) okutholakala kumculo we-hip hop waseMelika, nazo ziyatholakala kulolu hlobo lokusina. Igama elithi isipantsula igama lesiZuluelivela kwelithi ''phansula'', futhi libhekisela esitayeleni sokusia. Lesi sinyathelo sokusina ngephaba sisebenzisa kakhulu imilenze yakho futhi sinokweqisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Actions|url=http://realactionpantsula.wordpress.com/|accessdate=8 May 2013}}</ref> IsiPantsula sinezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo laseNtshonalanga, ubuthi obulusilili, ne-''futhuza''. Uhlobo laseNtshona liwuhobo oluvame kakhulu, futhi sidinga isidlakalasi. Izingalo zihlale zembozwe esifubeni esiqondile ngenkathi izinyawo zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zihamba ngokunyakaza okuhlukile njengoba amaqembu abasini behamba futhi bephuma ezindleleni ezizombezayo. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukulawula okuhle ngokomzimba. Ubuthi obulusilili (slow poison) bufana nohlobo laseNtshona, ikakhulukazi izingalo ezimi ndawonye kanye nokunyakaza komzimba okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa yenziwa kancane, ngendlela engaguquguquki ngokushaya okuqhubekayo. ''I-Futhuza'' igcwele izici ze-breakdancing yaseMelika ne-hiphop. Lolu hlobo lusebenzisa ukunyakaza okuxhumene, ngezinye izikhathi obugobhozayo, kwesithununu nokubhubuza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Banks|first=Taylor|authorlink=Vox (magazine)|date=26 October 2017|title=The Festival of South African Dance expresses roots through performance|url=https://www.voxmagazine.com/arts/art/the-festival-of-south-african-dance-expresses-roots-through-performance/article_d0200360-b9ae-11e7-be21-ef1252cd4296.html#:~:text=Sello%20Modiga%2C%20the%20founder%20and,style%20uses%20more%20chest%20movements.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418072539/https://www.voxmagazine.com/arts/art/the-festival-of-south-african-dance-expresses-roots-through-performance/article_d0200360-b9ae-11e7-be21-ef1252cd4296.html|archive-date=18 April 2024|accessdate=18 April 2024|website=Vox}}</ref> == Umculo == Ekuqaleni, abasini besipantsula babengenawo umculo oqoshiwe futhi babesinela umculo obukhoma, kufaka phakathi amazwi afana noBra Sello no "Big Voice Jack" Lerole.<ref name="casestudies" /> Njengoba imisakazo yayitholakala kalula, abasini bakhetha umculo we-pop wamazwe omhlaba nowaseMelika, bebiza abantu abafana [[Michael Jackson|UMichael Jackson]] kanye nabaculi be-rap abahlanganisa I-MC Hammer noP Diddy. Kodwa-ke, ngawo-1990, kwavela uhlobo oluthile lomculo wesipantsula: [[iKwaito]]. Lo mculo weziliminingi uvamile emasikweni amaningi aseNingizimu Afrika, futhi uyingxube [[IsiSuthu|yesiSotho]], [[IsiZulu]], isiNgisi, ne-Afrikaans. Uqinile futhi ubukhali, njengesipantsula, futhi unkonkoma isithombe somgwaqo, nesezigebengu.<ref name="Footsteps" /> == Isiko elithandwayo == IsiPantsula savela kuvidiyo yomculo yowezi-2018 ethi "All the Stars" yomculi UKendrick Lamar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2018|title=How a 'Black Panther' Music Video Taps into an Old Trend|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/03/all-the-stars-kendrick-lamar-sza-video-afrocentrism-afrofuturism/554306/|website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 February 2018|title=Kendrick Lamar and SZA Serve Wakandan Royal Opulence in 'All the Stars' Video|url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/02/watch-kendrick-lamar-and-szas-all-the-stars-video.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 February 2018|title=Kendrick Lamar's "All the Stars" video in appropriation scandal|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-02-12-kendrick-lamars-new-video-all-the-stars-video-in-appropriation-scandal}}</ref> Ukusina isiPantsula kuyisihloko somdlalo -''Tjo Vitjo'', oluchunge kumabonakude wengempelakhulu waseNingizimu Afrika owakhiwa ngowezi-2017 ngumhleli we-documentary uVincent Moloi futhi owaluhlanganisa uWarren Masemola noRapulana Seiphemo. Njengamanje (2022) uboniswa ku-Netflix.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-23|title=The parallel yet familiar world of Tjovitjo|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2020-04-23-the-parallel-yet-familiar-world-of-tjovitjo/|accessdate=2022-03-25|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ngowezi-2021, ilingiso lomsino ku-Netflix, i-''Jiva!''! othwetshulwe enxulumeni laseMlazi eThekwini, libonisa isipantsula kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokusina zaseNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winship |first=Lyndsey |date=12 July 2021 |title=The joy of Jiva! Netflix's South African dance series bursts from the screen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/jul/12/jiva-netflix-south-africa-street-dance-series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822204739/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/jul/12/jiva-netflix-south-africa-street-dance-series |archive-date=22 August 2021 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ngowezi-2015, umculi nomlobi wezingoma waseFrance uJaine wayekhiphe ingoma enesihloko esithi "''Makeba''" kucwecwe lakhe elithi ''Zanaka'' elalihlanganise izici zomculo womhlaba futhi njengombungazo womculo odumile womhlaba wonke nomculi wezombusazwe waseNingizimu Afrika [[Miriam Makeba|UMiriam Makeba]]. Ividiyo yomculo yalengoma yathwetshulwa eNingizimu Afrika futhi yabonisa abasini besipantsula.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillay |first=Taschica |author-link=TimesLIVE |date=8 December 2016 |title=French singer resurrects 'Mama Africa' |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2016-12-08-french-singer-resurrects-mama-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064011/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2016-12-08-french-singer-resurrects-mama-africa/ |archive-date=18 April 2024 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=Times Live}}</ref> Ngowezi-2023, le ngoma yaba yinsakavukela ku-Tik Tok naku-Instagram ngenxa yesinkawuza esiveza umlingisi waseMelika nomdlali wamahlaya UBill Harder esina kule ngoma.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |author-link=IOL (South Africa) |date=7 July 2023 |title=WATCH: French singer Jain's Miriam Makeba song has social media buzzing |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/watch-french-singer-jains-miriam-makeba-song-has-social-media-buzzing-350d024b-aaee-41b3-8306-a75719467642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718130837/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/watch-french-singer-jains-miriam-makeba-song-has-social-media-buzzing-350d024b-aaee-41b3-8306-a75719467642 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=IOL}}</ref> == Amaphatho == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Umsino]] pqipz1y8inf9tlqrfzou47mdhe89djd 14 35431 129266 2026-09-20T11:37:44Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "Izilotshwa eziphathelene nokusina noma umsino zizovela lapha zonke." 129266 wikitext text/x-wiki Izilotshwa eziphathelene nokusina noma umsino zizovela lapha zonke. prus6tmlgs133wrx1luz601oqojy9ih