Wikipedia zuwiki https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3120 129862 98036 2026-09-27T15:25:02Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376912465|Michael Jackson]]" 129862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMichael Joseph Jackson''' (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009) wayengumculi waseMelika owayedume umhlaba wonkana, umbhali wezingoma, umdansi, nomsizi. Ubizwa ngokuthi "iNkosi ye-Pop", ubhekwa kabanzi njengomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu ngokwesiko ngekhulu lama-20. Ukuphumelela kwakhe lomculi emculweni kwaphula imingcele yobuhlanga yaseMelika futhi kwamenza waba ngumuntu ovelele onogazi emhlabeni wonke. Ngezingoma zakhe ezazi dlalwa kakhulu, Ama-video omculo, amakhonsathi, kanye nemfashini, washintsha ukusebenza okubonakalayo emculweni othandwayo, wathandwa ngokudansa kwasemgwaqweni njengokuhamba ngenyanga, irobhothi, kanye ne-anti-gravity lean. UJackson ungumunt uvame ukubhekwa kakhulu njengomculi omkhulu kunabo bonke nohlonishwayo.[nb 1] Ingeyesishiyagalombili ezinganeni zakubo eziyishumi zomndeni wakwaJackson, uJackson waqala ukuveza ikhono lakhe lokucula obala eneminyaka eyisithupha njengomculi oholayo iJackson 5. Wathuthuka kakhulu emculweni waba yisilomo nge-Off the Wall (1979) futhi waqhakaza wathola impumelelo engakaze ibonwe namunye umuntu emhlabeni wonke jikelele nge-Thriller (1982), eyaba yi-albhamu eyathengiswa kakhulu emlandweni wangalesosikhathi. Ama-video omculo we- "Thriller", "Beat It", ne- "Billie Jean" achaze kabusha indlela. I-Bad (1987) kwakuyi-albhamu yokuqala nqa yokukhiqiza izingoma ezinhlanu ze-US <nowiki><i id="mwOg">I-Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 ezihamba phambili: "I Just Can't Stop Loving You", "Bad", "The Way You Make Me Feel", "Man in the Mirror", kanye "Dirty Diana". I-Dangerous (1991) ne-''I-HIStory'' (1995) nazo zaphumelela. I-albhamu yokugcina kaJackson, i-Invincible (2001), ibiza kakhulu eyake yenziwa. [[Category:Abafa nge-2009]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1958]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] q373mu71nlakrzywgv87nfu7vloltr7 0 3783 129864 117630 2026-09-27T17:33:50Z Mahlathamnyama 13909 129864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox izwe |igama = '''IKhanada''' |igama_native = ''Canada'' <small>(IsiNgisi)</small> |ifulegi =Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg |ibalazwe = Canada (orthographic projection).svg |isiqongo = [[Ottawa]] |izilimi = [[IsiNgisi]], [[IsiFulentshi]] |image_coat=Coat_of_arms_of_Canada.svg|inkondlo_wesizwe="We, Khanada"<br>"O, Canada" (isiNgisi nesiFulenshi)|idolobha_elikhulu=Toronto|ubukhulu_km2=9984670|ubukhulu_ukuma=2|iphesenti_lamanzi=11.76|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa=41,798,407|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka=2026|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma=37|inani_labantu_uhlolovo=36,991,981|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka=2021|ixuku_labantu_km2=4.2|ixuku_labantu_ukuma=230|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Intandoyeningi yephalamende ngaphansi kobukhosi okomthehtosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=iNkosi|umongameli_igama1=[[Charles III]]|umongameli_isithakazo2=uMlawuli-Jikelele|umongameli_igama2=Louise Arbour|umongameli_isithakazo3=uNdunankulu|umongameli_igama3=Mark Carney|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Ubumbano|usuku_isehlakalo1=1 kaNhlangulana 1867|ubedala_isehlakalo2=isiMemezo saseBalfour|usuku_isehlakalo2=15 kaLwezi 1926|ubedala_isehlakalo3=uMthetho saseWestminster|usuku_isehlakalo3=11 kaZibandlela 1931|ubedala_isehlakalo4=uMthetho waseKhanada|usuku_isehlakalo4=17 kaMbasa 1982|imali=iDola laseKhanada (CAD/CA$)}} [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|150px|right]] [[iKhanada]] iyilizwe [[IMelika Enyakatho|eNyakatho Melika]] elinomngcele ne[[Melika]] ngaseningizimu kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, kanye ne[[IDenimaki|Danimaki]] enyakatho-mpumalanga ngokuba eduze nesiqhingi se-Kalaallit Nunaat (iGreenland). Inogu elwandlekazini lasePasifiki ngasentshonalanga, i-Atlantiki ngasempumalanga kanye ne-Artic ngasenyakatho. Ingelesibili lamazwe omhlaba ngobungakho bendawo emuva kwe[[IRashiya|Rosiya]] futhi ubude bogu bundlula wonke amazwe asemhlabeni. Inenani labantu abayizidigi ezingama-41. Izidlavela izinkulu ziyi: Toronto, Montreal ne-Vancouver. Isiqonga sise-Ottawa. Abantu bomdanbu bahlale eKhanada unomphela iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Kusukela ikhuluminyaka ye-16, abaseBhulitani naseFulansi baqale ukufika nokuzinza kulendawo ikakhulu kusukela ogwini lwangasempumalanga. Abase[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Bhulithani]] nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] badlele abomdabu umhlaba wabo futhi ngenxa yamagciwane abaze nawo, iningi labomdabu labhubha. Ngenxa yezimpi ngaphakathi kweFulansi namanye amazwe ase[[IYurophu|Yurophu]], iFulansi inikeze iBhulithani cishe zonke izindawo zayo eKhanada kwiBhulithani nge-1763. Nge-1867, amakoloni eBhulithani akhethe ukubumbana ekuholele ekucwasweni kabanzi kwabomdabu kanye nokunikezwa igunya lokuzibusa. uMthetho waseWestminster we-1931 kanye noMthetho waseKhanada we-1982 inqamule zonke izibopho zokuncikela ePhalamendeni yoMbuso oHlangeneyo. iKhanada ibuswa okwe[[Intandoyeningi|ntandoyeningi]] yephalamende ngaphansi kwo[[Ubukhosi|bukhosi]] ok[[Umthethosisekelo|omthethosisekelo]] ngokwesiko lwaseWestminster. Inhloko yehulumende nguNdunankulu ogcina isikhundla sakho ngenxa yekugcina ithemba lePhalamende yaseKhanada (mpeleni iNdlu yeZakhamuzi). Ngokuba iNkosi yaseKhanada ihlala [[INgilandi|eNgilandi]] (ngokuba uy[[Ubukhosi boMbuso oHlangeneyo|iNkosi yoMbuso oHlangeneyo]]), uMlawuli-Jikelele nguyena ofeza iqhaze lasebukhosini. iKhanada inezilimi ezimbili ngokomthetho: isiFulenshi kanye ne[[IsiNgisi|siNgisi]]. Isezingeni esiphezulu kwezinqiwu zobunjalo nempilo, ukuqhudelwana okomnotho, ukuzibonakalisa kwehulumende, ikhono lokuqamba okusha, imfundo, kanye namalungelo abantu. Iyinye yamazwe enobunkithinkithi ngokwezinhlanga zabantu ngenxa yomfuduko emkhulu wabafiki bamanye amazwe. Ubudlelwane obude obunkimbinkimbi beKhanada neMelika bunethonya elikhulu emlandweni, emnothweni kanye nasesikweni leKhanada. Njengelizwe elithuthukile, umnotho ohamba phamabili waseKhanada unomkhiqizo wasekhaya osobala ophezulu ezinhlwini eziqhathanisa amazwe futhi umkhiqizo wasekhaya osobala wonyaka ohlangene usesigabeni esiphezulu samazwe . Inezinxoxho zohwebo namazwe kanye nenala yezinsiza zemvelo. iKhanada ibonwa okwezwe elinamandla esigabeni sesibili. Umqubomgomo wayo ugqugquza ukusebenzisana kwezizwe, ukuthatha izinyathelo namanye amazwe, ukugcina ukuthula emazweni, nokunikeza amazwe angakathuthuki izinsiza. {{DEFAULTSORT:Khanada}} [[Category:IKhanada| ]] [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eMelika Enyakatho]] [[Category:Amazwe Ohlangeneyo]] [[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiNgisi]] [[Category:Amazwe ukhuluma isiFulentshi]] mcx49srlq2t7ezto0boeazlota2w7nl 0 4095 129850 127577 2026-09-27T14:27:42Z Bhelekazi2 25493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373832736|Milk]]" 129850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubisi''' ngokuvamile liw[[ukudla]] oluketshezi olumhlophe (kodwa lungaba nemibala ewuphuzi, ewukhilimu, ebomvana, noma ensundu) ekhiqizwa yizindlala ezincelisayo zezilwane ezincelisisayo. Iiwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwezilwane ezincelayo ezincane ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi Ukugayeka ukudla okuqinile.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Winckel |first=M |last2=Velde |first2=SV |last3=De Bruyne |first3=R |last4=Van Biervliet |first4=S |date=2011 |title=Clinical Practice |journal=European Journal of Pediatrics |volume=170 |issue=12 |pages=1489–1494 |doi=10.1007/s00431-011-1547-x |issn=0340-6199 |pmid=21912895 |s2cid=26852044}}</ref> Ubisi liqukethe izakhi eziningi, kufaka phakathi [[UmCaphana|I-calcium]] n[[Isakhamzimba|amaprotheni]], kanye ne-[[Lactase|i-lactase]]" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lactose">i-lactose namafutha anqumayo;<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 2021|title=Milk|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/milk/|accessdate=17 April 2024|website=The Nutrition Source|publisher=Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health|language=en-us}}</ref> [[INzwayiza|i-enzyme]] ye-lactase iyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-lactosa. Izici zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezingxenye ezishintshayo komzimba obisini ziba nomthelela ekuvikeleni ubisi. Ubisi lokuqala, olubizwa ngokuthi I-colostrum, liqukethe ama-antibodies kanye nezingxenye ezishintsha Isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba eziqinisa isimiso sokuvikela komzimba ezifweni eziningi. Njengomkhiqizo wezolimo, ubisi luqoqwa ezilwaneni zasemapulazini, ikakhulukazi [[izinkomo]], endaweni yobisi. Isetshenziswa abantu njengesiphuzo futhi njengesithako esiyisisekelo semikhiqizo yobisi. I-US CDC yancoma ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga eziwu-12 ubudala (iminyaka engaphansi yokuyeka ukunikeza ubisi noma ifomula) kufanele zibe nemikhiqizo yobisi kabili ngosuku, futhi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emhlabeni wonke badla imikhiqizo yobisi.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Cow's Milk and Milk Alternatives |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infantandtoddlernutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |url-status=dead |journal=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313094327/https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/InfantandToddlerNutrition/foods-and-drinks/cows-milk-and-milk-alternatives.html |archive-date=March 13, 2022 |access-date=February 5, 2026}}</ref><ref name="UNFAO-2010">{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Status and Prospects for Smallholder Milk Production: A Global Perspective |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |editor-last=Hemme |editor-first=T. |access-date=December 1, 2011 |editor-last2=Otte |editor-first2=J. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119183128/http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1522e/i1522e00.pdf |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ikhono labantu abadala lokugaya ubisi lixhomeke ekuqhubekeni kwe-lactase, ngakho-ke abantu abangabekezeleli i-lactose banenkinga yokugaya i-lackose. Ngo-2011, amapulazi obisi akhiqiza izigidi ezingu-{{Convert|730|e6tonne|e6ST}} (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-800 amafushane) obisi <ref>{{Cite web|date=May 2012|title=Food Outlook{{nbsp}}– Global Market Analysis|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522161025/http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/al989e/al989e00.pdf|archive-date=May 22, 2012|accessdate=August 1, 2012|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|pages=8, 51–54}}</ref> asuka ezinkomeni zobisi ayizigidi ezingu-260.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 14, 2014 |title=World Dairy Cow Numbers |url=http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323134129/http://www.dairyco.org.uk/market-information/farming-data/cow-numbers/world-cow-numbers/ |archive-date=March 23, 2014 |access-date=March 23, 2014 |work=[FAO]}}</ref> I-[[India|INdiya]] ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wobisi emhlabeni futhi ingumthengisi ohamba phambili we-skimmed milk powder.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anand Kumar|date=October 21, 2013|title=India emerging as a leading milk product exporter|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630165048/http://www.dawn.com/news/1050700|archive-date=June 30, 2015|accessdate=June 3, 2015|website=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 July 2014 |title=Government scraps incentive on milk powder exports to check prices |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630120625/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-09/news/51247854_1_milk-powder-smp-exporters-milk-prices |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |access-date=June 3, 2015 |work=Times of India |department=Economic Times |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> I-New Zealand, i-Germany, ne-Netherlands yiwona amazwe athumela imikhiqizo yobisi enkulu kunazo zonke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Milk Exporting Countries|url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721184728/http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-milk-exporting-countries/|archive-date=July 21, 2020|accessdate=July 3, 2019}}</ref> Abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-750 nezingu-900 bahlala emakhaya aphuza ubisi.<ref name="UNFAO-2010" /> Kusukela ngo-1961, leli gama [[wiktionary:milk#Noun|''ubisi'']] liye lachazwa ngaphansi kwezindinganiso I-Codex Alimentarius "njengokukhishwa okujwayelekile kwamabele wezilwane eziphuzayo ezitholakala ngobisi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokunezelwa noma ukukhipha kulo, okuhloselwe ukudliwa njengobisi olamanzi noma ukuqhubeka nokucubungula"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Codex Alimentarius Commission|title=General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms 206-1999|url=http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCODEX%2BSTAN%2B206-1999%252FCXS_206e.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709194642/http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCODEX+STAN+206-1999%2FCXS_206e.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2017}}</ref>Igama elithi [[wiktionary:dairy#Noun|''ubisi'']] libhekisela ekukhiqizeni ubisi lwezilwane. Kunezigaba ezimbili ezahlukene zokudla ubisi: zonke izinsana ziphuza ubisi ngokuqondile emizimbeni komama bazo, futhi kuwumthombo walo oyinhloko wokudla okunomsoco; futhi abantu bathola ubisi kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ukuze zidliwe ngabantu babo bonke ngobudala, njengengxenye eyodwa yokudla okuhlukahlukene. Cishe kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, ubisi luphakelwa izinsana ngokunceliswa, ngokuqondile noma ngokuveza ubisi oluzogcinwa futhi ludliwe kamuva. Ubisi lokuqala lwezilwane ezincelisayo lubizwa ngokuthi I-colostrum. I-Colostrum iqukethe ama-antibodies anikeza ukuvikelwa komntwana osanda kuzalwa kanye nezithako nezici zokukhula.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uruakpa |first=F.O. |last2=Ismond |first2=M.A.H. |last3=Akobundu |first3=E.N.T. |year=2002 |title=Colostrum and its benefits: A review |journal=Nutrition Research |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=755–67 |doi=10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00373-1}}</ref> Ukwakheka kwe-colostrum kanye nenkathi yokukhishwa kwegazi kuyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni.<ref>{{Cite book |year=2007 |title=Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/saunderscomprehe00doug |vauthors=Blood DC, Studdert VP, Gay CC |publisher=Saunders Elsevierv |isbn=978-0-7020-2789-5 |location=St. Louis, MO}}</ref> Ebantwini, i-World Health Organization incoma ukuncelisa ngokukhethekile izinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nokuncelisa ngaphezu kokunye ukudla iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Kwamanye amasiko kuvamile ukuncelisa izingane iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, futhi inkathi ingase ibe yinde. 5uytixxergov184tnzyufixheqsqtgg 0 7305 129868 47857 2026-09-27T18:43:54Z Mhlengukhona 25426 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372640839|Monkey]]" 129868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inkawu''' yigama elivamile ukusentshenziswa elibhekiswe ezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo ze-infraorder Simiiformes, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinkawu. Ngokwesiko, zonke izilwane eqenjini manje elaziwa ngokuthi izinkawu zibhekwa njengezinkawu ngaphandle kwezinkawu. Ngakho ''''Izinkawu'''', ngalowo mqondo, zakha iqembu elingaphelele le-i-paraphyletic; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinkawu (Hominoidea) zihlanganisiwe, izinkawu nezinkawu ziyafana. Ngo-1812, U-Étienne Geoffroy wahlanganisa izinkawu neqembu elinye lezinkawu I-cercopithecidae yazihlanganisa ndawonye futhi wasungula igama elithi I-catarrhini, "Izinkawu zezwe elidala" ("izinkawu zase-Ancien Monde" ngesiFulentshi).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=W.C.Linnaeus |year=1841 |title=A General Introduction the Natural History Mammiferous Animals, With a Particular View of the Physical History of Man, III the More Closely Allied Genera of the Order Quadrumana, or Monkeys |url=https://archive.org/details/generalintroduct00martrich |publisher=Wright and Co. printers |location=London |pages=340, 361}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book |last=Buffon |first=Georges Louis Leclerc comte de |date=1827 |title=Oeuvres complètes de Buffon: avec les descriptions anatomiques de Daubenton, son collaborateur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOwEAAAAYAAJ&dq=sapajous+sagoins+buffon+regarder&pg=PA61 |publisher=Verdière et Ladrange |pages=61 |language=fr}}</ref> Udadewabo osekhona we-Catarrhini eqenjini lezinkawu ("izinkawu") yI-Platyrrhini (izinkawu zezwe elisha).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire |first=M.É. |date=1812 |title=Tableau des Quadrumanes, ou des animaux composant le premier Ordre de la Classe des Mammifères |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23270#page/107/mode/1up |url-status=live |journal=Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle |location=Paris |volume=19 |pages=85–122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091031/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23270#page/107/mode/1up |archive-date=2019-03-27 |access-date=2022-04-27}}</ref> Eminyakeni engalinganiselwa kweyizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kokuhlukana phakathi kwe-Cercopithecidae nezinkawu, ama-Platyrrhini avela phakathi "kwezinkawu" ngokubalekela eNingizimu Melika okungenzeka olwandle.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mammals of Africa : Primates|year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)|access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seiffert |first=Erik R. |date=2012-12-19 |title=Early primate evolution in Afro-Arabia |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.21335 |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews |language=en |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=239–253 |doi=10.1002/evan.21335 |pmid=23280921 |s2cid=38884357 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bond |first=Mariano |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Campbell |first3=Kenneth E. |last4=Chornogubsky |first4=Laura |last5=Novo |first5=Nelson |last6=Goin |first6=Francisco |date=2015-04-23 |title=Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/nature14120 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=520 |issue=7548 |pages=538–541 |bibcode=2015Natur.520..538B |doi=10.1038/nature14120 |hdl=11336/79088 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=25652825 |s2cid=4456556 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="O'Neill2012">{{Cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Dennis|year=2012|title=Early primate evolution: the first primates|url=https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/earlyprimates/early_2.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107035302/https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/earlyprimates/early_2.htm|archive-date=7 November 2017|accessdate=21 October 2018|publisher=[[Palomar College]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Richard F. |date=2015-03-06 |title=New World monkey origins |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa9217 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=347 |issue=6226 |pages=1068–1069 |bibcode=2015Sci...347.1068K |doi=10.1126/science.aaa9217 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=25745147 |s2cid=206636402 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ngakho-ke izinkawu zitholakala kakhulu esihlahleni sezinkawu ezisekhona nezingasekho, futhi noma iyiphi yezinkawu ihlobene kakhulu ne-Cercopithecidae kune-Platyrrhini. ouxjrbwmtbghmjgsv022xmzkcl756ox 0 7614 129871 129698 2026-09-27T20:58:14Z 0607206833h 25448 draft 1 129871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png|alt=Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted|right|300x300px]] '''uXhakaxholo''' uhlelo lwembulunga yonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|lwamahleloxhumano ezlsicikizi]] axhumene olusebenzisa [[iGumelo loxhakaxholo]] ''(Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)'' ukuze kube nokuxhumana okulula phakathi kwamahleloxhumano nezilekeleli. ''Lunguxhoxho lwamahleloxhumano'' oluqukethe amahleloxhano asisulu, awomphakathi, awamanyuvesi, awemihwebo, nawohulumeni bezindawo nawembulunga, wonke ahlanganiswe ndawonye ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amazuba, obungenazo izindophi kanye [[Inxoza yokukhanya|nobezinxoza zokukhanya]]. UXhakaxholo luqukethe izinsiza zokwaziswa eziningi kanye nezinkonzo, okubalwa kuzo imiqulu exhumene ngesiqakaqulu ''(hypertext)'' kanye namahlelokusebenza [[Isizindalwazi sokuxhumana somhlaba jikelele|oLwebu Lomhlaba Wonke]] (WWW), [[Incwazuba|umbikombani]], ucingo lokuxhumana, kanye [[Ukwabelana ngehele|nokwabelana ngezihele]]. Indabuko yoxhakaxholo iseminyakeni yowezi-1960, lapho ucwaningo olwalwenziwa uMnyango wezokuVikela waseMelika lwavumela ukuba kube nokucobelelana ngesikhathi phakathi kweziCikizi. Uhleloxhano oluyinhloko oluyisanduleli, i-[[ARPANET]], lwalusebenza njengesiseko sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaxhoxho ezifunda kwezemfundo nakwezempi eminyakeni yowezi-1970. Uxhaso ngokwezimali oluvela kwa-National Science Foundation lwaba yisiseko esisha ngowezi-1980. Lona kanye noxhaso olwaluvela kwabezoHwebo, lwaholela kubambiswano lomhlaba wonke ekuthuthukiseni ezobuchwepheshe ezintsha kwezohleloxhumano, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni kwamahleloxhano amaningi. Ukuxhunywa kwamahleloxhumano abezohwebo namabhizinisi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowezi-1990 kwaphawula isiqalo sokufudukela kuXhakaxholo lwanamuhla, futhi kwaphehla ukukhula okuqhubekayo njengoba uhide lweziCikizi zezikhungu, abantu ngabanye, kanye neziphathwayo nazo zaxhunywa oxhoxhweni. [[Category:I-Intanethi| ]] [[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]] [[Category:Ezokuxhumana]] <references /> 4u8foox6s0bcjwx7dpvubsdaoxqdw3e 129874 129871 2026-09-27T21:29:01Z 0607206833h 25448 draft 1 129874 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png|alt=Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted|right|300x300px]] '''uXhakaxholo''' uhlelo lwembulunga yonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|lwamahleloxhumano ezlsicikizi]] axhumene olusebenzisayo ukuze kube nokuxhumana okulula phakathi kwamahleloxhumano nezilekeleli. ''Lunguxhoxho lwamahleloxhumano'' oluqukethe amahleloxhano asisulu, awomphakathi, awamanyuvesi, awemihwebo, nawohulumeni bezindawo nawembulunga, wonke ahlanganiswe ndawonye ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amazuba, obungenazo izindophi kanye [[Inxoza yokukhanya|nobezinxoza zokukhanya]]. UXhakaxholo luqukethe izinsiza zokwaziswa eziningi kanye nezinkonzo, okubalwa kuzo imiqulu exhumene ngesiqakaqulu ''(hypertext)'' kanye namahlelokusebenza [[Isizindalwazi sokuxhumana somhlaba jikelele|oLwebu Lomhlaba Wonke]] (WWW), [[Incwazuba|umbikombani]], ucingo lokuxhumana, kanye [[Ukwabelana ngehele|nokwabelana ngezihele]]. Indabuko yoxhakaxholo iseminyakeni yowezi-1960, lapho ucwaningo olwalwenziwa uMnyango wezokuVikela waseMelika lwavumela ukuba kube nokucobelelana ngesikhathi phakathi kweziCikizi. Uhleloxhano oluyinhloko oluyisanduleli, i-[[ARPANET]], lwalusebenza njengesiseko sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaxhoxho ezifunda kwezemfundo nakwezempi eminyakeni yowezi-1970. Uxhaso ngokwezimali oluvela kwa-National Science Foundation lwaba yisiseko esisha ngowezi-1980. Lona kanye noxhaso olwaluvela kwabezoHwebo, lwaholela kubambiswano lomhlaba wonke ekuthuthukiseni ezobuchwepheshe ezintsha kwezohleloxhumano, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni kwamahleloxhano amaningi. Ukuxhunywa kwamahleloxhumano abezohwebo namabhizinisi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowezi-1990 kwaphawula isiqalo sokufudukela kuXhakaxholo lwanamuhla, futhi kwaphehla ukukhula okuqhubekayo njengoba uhide lweziCikizi zezikhungu, abantu ngabanye, kanye neziphathwayo nazo zaxhunywa oxhoxhweni. [[Category:I-Intanethi| ]] [[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]] [[Category:Ezokuxhumana]] <references /> q214vmqfbvwgbrb5wyj96t1vwnvxlvo 129879 129874 2026-09-28T03:33:24Z Fongcwele 16873 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/0607206833h|0607206833h]] ([[User talk:0607206833h|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ndabezithaaa|Ndabezithaaa]] 129698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png|alt=Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted|right|300x300px]] '''uXhakaxholo''' uhlelo lwembulunga yonke [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|lwamahleloxhumano ezlsicikizi]] axhumene olusebenzisa [[iGumelo loxhakaxholo]] ''(Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)'' ukuze kube nokuxhumana okulula phakathi kwamahleloxhumano nezilekeleli. ''Lunguxhoxho lwamahleloxhumano'' oluqukethe amahleloxhano asisulu, awomphakathi, awamanyuvesi, awemihwebo, nawohulumeni bezindawo nawembulunga, wonke ahlanganiswe ndawonye ubuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amazuba, obungenazo izindophi kanye [[Inxoza yokukhanya|nobezinxoza zokukhanya]]. UXhakaxholo luqukethe izinsiza zokwaziswa eziningi kanye nezinkonzo, okubalwa kuzo imiqulu exhumene ngesiqakaqulu ''(hypertext)'' kanye namahlelokusebenza [[Isizindalwazi sokuxhumana somhlaba jikelele|oLwebu Lomhlaba Wonke]] (WWW), [[Incwazuba|umbikombani]], ucingo lokuxhumana, kanye [[Ukwabelana ngehele|nokwabelana ngezihele]]. Indabuko yoxhakaxholo iseminyakeni yowezi-1960, lapho ucwaningo olwalwenziwa uMnyango wezokuVikela waseMelika lwavumela ukuba kube nokucobelelana ngesikhathi phakathi kweziCikizi. Uhleloxhano oluyinhloko oluyisanduleli, i-[[ARPANET]], lwalusebenza njengesiseko sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaxhoxho ezifunda kwezemfundo nakwezempi eminyakeni yowezi-1970. Uxhaso ngokwezimali oluvela kwa-National Science Foundation lwaba yisiseko esisha ngowezi-1980. Lona kanye noxhaso olwaluvela kwabezoHwebo, lwaholela kubambiswano lomhlaba wonke ekuthuthukiseni ezobuchwepheshe ezintsha kwezohleloxhumano, kanye nasekuhlanganisweni kwamahleloxhano amaningi. Ukuxhunywa kwamahleloxhumano abezohwebo namabhizinisi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowezi-1990 kwaphawula isiqalo sokufudukela kuXhakaxholo lwanamuhla, futhi kwaphehla ukukhula okuqhubekayo njengoba uhide lweziCikizi zezikhungu, abantu ngabanye, kanye neziphathwayo nazo zaxhunywa oxhoxhweni. == ukuchazwa kwebizo== [[File:PikiWiki Israel 32304 The Internet Messenger by Buky Schwartz.JPG|thumb|''Umthumeli we-intanethi'' ngokuka Buky Schwartz, endaweni yaseHolon, ezweni lakwa[[Isreyili]]]] Ibizo elithi "uxhakaxholo" lihumusha kahle elithi ''internet'' elinomsuka ochaza into exhakaxhene, noma exhoxhene (cishe lafana nelithi uxhoxho) kodwa lisho into ephithene, yaxhoxhelana ngendlela exakayo. Liyafaneleka ngoba uxhakaxholo namuhla luyisimiso sembulunga samaxhoxho esicikizi axhakaxhumene. Nawa amanye amagama ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kukaxhakaxholo: * ''Internet service'' - inkonzo yoxhakaxholo * ''online'' - kuxhakaxholo * ''cyber'' - uxhakaxholo * ''online service'' - inkonzo yoxhakaxholo * ''cyber attack'' - uhlaselo loxhakaxholo * ''internet browsing'' - ukuphequlula kuxhakaxholo * ''website'' - [[IsiZindalwebu]] Nakuba abantu lapho bevakashela uLwebu LoMhlaba Wonke bevamise ukuthi bakuxhakaxholo, basuka beshaya eceleni ngoba abakwenzayo ukusebenzisa [[isiphequluli]] ukubuka amakhasi wolwebu. ULwebu loMhlaba Wonke luyingxenye eyodwa yezinkonzo eziningi zoxhakaxholo, luyiqoqoq lwemibhalo (amakhasi wolwebu) nezinye izinsiza zolwebu, ezikhongcwe ngamakhongcokazi namakheli wolwebu. == uMlando == Eminyakeni ye-1960, inhlangano ebizwa ''Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)'' engaphansi koMnyango wezoVikela waseMelika, yaxhasa ucwaningo lokucobelela-ngesikhathi kwezicikizi. Kulapho okwavelq khona nesu loxhoxho lomhlaba. Emva kokuvela lobuchwepheshe bokuqhebeza ngamapakethe, kwahlanganiswa amaxhoxho amaningana afana NPL, eyahlanganiswa noxhoxho lwe-ARPANET nezinye izinsizakusebenza wokwabelana ngamaxhoxho ezifana ne-''Merit Network'' kanye ne-''CYCLADES''. == Ingqalasizinda == [[File:World map of submarine cables.png|thumb|Ibalazwe lowezi-2007 eliveza izindophi zenxoza zokuxhumana ezisezilwandle emhlabeni wonke]] Ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana yoxhakaxholo ihilela izigcoyi eziphathekayo kanye nesimiso sezingwimba zamahlelokusebenza kokubili okulawula izici ezihlukene zokwakheka kwayo. Njenganoma yiliphi uxhoxho lwesiCikizi olukhona, uxhakaxholo luhilela izikhondisi ''(routers)'', izinsiza (ezinjengezindophi namakhongco womsakazo) iziphindi, izibhensi njll. Kodwana, njengesibobelo sokuxhakaxhoxholana, iningi lamaqhuzu woxhoxho awazona izinsiza zoxhakaxholo ngokwemfuneko, amakhikhilezo woxhakaxholo asuke athwelwe ngamanye amagumelo wokuxhoxhelana kuyilapho uxhakaxholo lona luyindinganiso yoxhoxho lohlobo olulodwa, egununda ezinsizeni eziphathekayo ezinhlobonhlobo, lusebenzisa amakhikhilezo aqondiswe lapho abhekise amabombo khona ngezikhondisi. === Izingqimba zenkonzo === [[File:Internet Connectivity Distribution & Core.svg|thumb|ukukhondisa ngamakhikhizelo kuxhakaxholo lonke kubandakanya izingqimba ezimbalwa zabanikezeli benkonzo kaxhakaxholo.]] ==UkuBaluleka koXhakaxholo== UXhakaxholo lubalulekile esikhathini samanje ngoba ulwazi oluningi luqukethwe kulo. Abantu akusadingeki ukuthi baye kobheka ulwazi emtapweni wolwazi noma bathenge amaphephandaba ukuze bathole ulwazi, sekulula manje umuntu ungena kuxhakaxholo athole lokho akufunayo noma ikuphi esebenzisa isicikizi noma [[umakhalekhukhwini]]. UXhakaxholo futhi lwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele kube lula futhi kungambi eqolo. Usukwazi ukuxhumana nomuntu okwelinye izwe nixoxe indaba yenu niyiqede nibukana, lobu ubuchwephese be-''video calling''. Okubalulekile ngoxhakaxholo ukuthi luyakwazi ukuthatha umhlaba wonke liwusondeze, liwubeke esihenqweni [[Ikhompiyutha|sesiCikizi]] noma umakhalekhukhwini. Ngoxhakaxholo abantu bayakwazi ukuxhumana ne[[Ibhange|bhange]], izitolo, [[Umtapo Wolwazi|imitapo yolwazi]], izihlobo nabangani, ngingabala ngithini. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe boxhakaxholo sekuholele ekutheni kwenziwe imali esebenza khona kuxhakaxholo kuphela ukuthenga konke okudingayo. Lemali esebenza kuxhakaxholo kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi [[iNkecesomane]] (''crypto currency''), edume kakulu yaziwa ngokuthi yi-''[[Bitcoin]]'' eyasungulwa ngonyaka wezi-2009 ngumlisa ozibiza ngoSatoshi Nakamoto. == UbuNgozi boXhakaxholo == UXhakaxholo lwenza ukuxhumana kwabantu kube lula, kanti ukuxhumana nako kunobungozi babo. Abantu bavame ukuthumela imininingwano yangasese, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukuyeba leyomininingwano. Bangasebenzisa uxhakaxholo ukubhebhethekisa amanga noma izimfihlo ezebiwe noma izeluleko ezinobungozi. Ngokomzekelo, uXhoxho lomphakathi olwaziwa ngo-Facebook lwake lwaba sezinkingeni ngokungavikeli imininingwano yabantu yangasese. * Amanye ama-websites angaqola abantu ukuba badawunilode amaGciwanyane angalimaza isiCikizi, noma ama-spyware apopola abasebenzisi (ahlola zonke izinto abazenzayo bese ezazisa omunye). *Ama-E-mails angaphatha amafayela anobungozi kuma "attachments".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.wiredsafety.org/internet101/viruses.html |access-date=2013-07-05 |archive-date=2014-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518071636/https://www.wiredsafety.org/internet101/viruses.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> *Kuma-internet chatrooms, abantu bengazama ukuzingela abanye noma bezame ukubakhela uzungu noma bebahlukumeze. *UXhakaxholo luqukethe abantu abaningi abakubona njengokuhlukumezayo, nokuqonde ukuhlukumeza. *Izigilamkhuba zingeba imininingwano yabantu yangasese noma zibaqole ukuba babathumele imali. == Umlando == Ngo-1960, ososayensi bama khompuyutha baqala ukwakha izinhlelo Ukuhlanganyela isikhathi semithombo yama-computer.<ref name="ctsspg">F. J. Corbató, et al., ''[http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ctss/CTSS_ProgrammersGuide.pdf The Compatible Time-Sharing System A Programmer's Guide]'' (MIT Press, 1963) {{ISBN|978-0-262-03008-3}}. "To establish the context of the present work, it is informative to trace the development of time-sharing at MIT. Shortly after the first paper on time-shared computers by C. Strachey at the June 1959 UNESCO Information Processing conference, H.M. Teager and J. McCarthy delivered an unpublished paper "Time-Shared Program Testing" at the August 1959 ACM Meeting."</ref><ref name="Lee1992">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=J.A.N. |date=1992 |title=Claims to the term 'time-sharing' |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=16–54 |bibcode=1992IAHC...14a..16L |doi=10.1109/85.145316}}</ref> UJ. C. R. Licklider waletha umqondo wenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ngenkathi esebenza eBolt Beranek & Newman futhi, kamuva, wahola i-Information Processing Techniques Office e-I-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hauben |first=Michael |date=1997 |title=Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book-pdf/CHAPTER%205.pdf |last2=Hauben |first2=Ronda |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-8186-7706-9 |language=en |chapter=5 The Vision of Interactive Computing And the Future |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103184558/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book-pdf/CHAPTER%205.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ucwaningo lokushintsha kwamaphakethe, omunye wezobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-Intanethi, lwaqala emsebenzini UPaul Baran IRAND ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 futhi, ngokuzimela, UDonald Davies e-United Kingdom's I-National Physical Laboratory ngo-1965.{{Efn|Computers communicate over the Internet by breaking up messages (emails, images, videos, web pages, files, etc.) into small chunks called packets, which are routed through a network of computers, until they reach their destination, where they are assembled back into a complete message again.}}<ref name="NIHF2007">{{Cite web|title=Inductee Details – Paul Baran|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091231/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame|postscript=none}}; {{Cite web|title=Inductee Details – Donald Watts Davies|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091936/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Pelkeyp42">{{Cite book |last=Pelkey |first=James L. |date=2022 |title=Circuits, Packets, and Protocols: Entrepreneurs and Computer Communications, 1968-1988 |url=https://www.morganclaypoolpublishers.com/catalog_Orig/samples/9781450397292_sample.pdf |last2=Russell |first2=Andrew L. |last3=Robbins |first3=Loring G. |publisher=Morgan & Claypool |isbn=978-1-4503-9729-2 |page=4 |quote="Paul Baran, an engineer celebrated as the co-inventor (along with Donald Davies) of the packet switching technology that is the foundation of digital networks" |access-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423181017/https://www.morganclaypoolpublishers.com/catalog_Orig/samples/9781450397292_sample.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edmondson-Yurkanan |first=Chris |date=May 2007 |title=SIGCOMM's archaeological journey into networking's past |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=63–68 |doi=10.1145/1230819.1230840 |quote=The 1960 challenge was to build a network such that a significant subset of the network could survive a military attack. [Baran] told us he knew he could design a solution once he realized that, 'given redundant paths, the reliability of the net work could be greater than the reliability of the parts.' ... In his first draft dated Nov. 10, 1965, Davies forecast today's 'killer app' for his new communication service: 'The greatest traffic could only come if the public used this means for everyday purposes such as shopping... People sending enquiries and placing orders for goods of all kinds will make up a large section of the traffic... Business use of the telephone may be reduced by the growth of the kind of service we contemplate.'}}</ref> == Performance == Njengoba i-Intanethi iyinethiwekhi engafani, izici zayo ezingokomzimba, kufaka phakathi, ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokudlulisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Ibonisa izenzakalo ezivelayo ezincike ekuhlelweni kwayo okukhulu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albert |first=Réka |last2=Jeong |first2=Hawoong |last3=Barabási |first3=Albert-László |date=September 1999 |title=Diameter of the World-Wide Web |journal=Nature |volume=401 |issue=6749 |pages=130–131 |arxiv=cond-mat/9907038 |bibcode=1999Natur.401..130A |doi=10.1038/43601}}</ref> Ukuphazamiseka kwezintambo zokuxhumana ezingaphansi kwamanzi kungabangela ukuvala noma ukwehla kwezindawo ezinkulu, njengokuphazamiseka kwezindophi ezingaphansi kwelanga ngonyaka wezi-2008. Izintambo zomhlaba nazo zisengozini, njengonyaka wezi-2011 lapho owesifazane ebhola insimbi esezingeni eliphansi ehlukanisa ukuxhumana okuningi kwesizwe sase-Armenia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2011 |title=Georgian woman cuts off web access to whole of Armenia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/georgian-woman-cuts-web-access |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825075603/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/06/georgian-woman-cuts-web-access |archive-date=25 August 2013 |access-date=11 April 2012 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Ukuvalwa kwe-inthanethi okuthinta cishe wonke amazwe kungafinyelelwa ohulumeni njengohlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-intanethi, njengokuvalwa kwe'I-Intanethi EGibhithe, lapho cishe u-93%<ref name="renesys1">{{Cite web|last=Cowie|first=James|title=Egypt Leaves the Internet|url=http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypt-leaves-the-internet.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128080518/http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypt-leaves-the-internet.shtml|archive-date=28 January 2011|accessdate=28 January 2011|publisher=Renesys}}</ref> wezinethiwekhi zazingenawo ukufinyelela ngonyaka wezi-2011 emizamweni wokuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwemibhikisho emelene nohulumeni.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2011 |title=Egypt severs internet connection amid growing unrest |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12306041 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123164134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12306041 |archive-date=23 January 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ukulinganisela Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi we-Intanethi bekulokhu kuyindaba yempikiswano, ngokusho kwephepha lokucwaninga elibuyekezwe ngabangane ngonyaka wezi-2014 elathatha izimangalo ezihlukile ngesibalo esingu-20,000 esishicilelwe ezincwadini phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyedlule, kusukela ku-0.0064 kilowatt amahora nge-gigabyte edlulisiwe (kWh / GB) kuya ku-136 kWh / GB.<ref name="Environmental Impact Assessment Review">{{Cite journal |last=Coroama |first=Vlad C. |last2=Hilty |first2=Lorenz M. |date=February 2014 |title=Assessing Internet energy intensity: A review of methods and results |url=http://publicationslist.org/data/lorenz.hilty/ref-218/2014_Coroama_Hilty_Assessing_Internet_Energy_Intensity_AAM.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Environmental Impact Assessment Review |language=en |volume=45 |pages=63–68 |bibcode=2014EIARv..45...63C |doi=10.1016/j.eiar.2013.12.004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923042203/http://publicationslist.org/data/lorenz.hilty/ref-218/2014_Coroama_Hilty_Assessing_Internet_Energy_Intensity_AAM.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> == Imithombo == * * [[Category:I-Intanethi| ]] [[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]] [[Category:Ezokuxhumana]] == Umlando == Ngo-1960, ososayensi bama khompuyutha baqala ukwakha izinhlelo Ukuhlanganyela isikhathi semithombo yama-computer.<ref name="ctsspg">F. J. Corbató, et al., ''[http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ctss/CTSS_ProgrammersGuide.pdf The Compatible Time-Sharing System A Programmer's Guide]'' (MIT Press, 1963) {{ISBN|978-0-262-03008-3}}. "To establish the context of the present work, it is informative to trace the development of time-sharing at MIT. Shortly after the first paper on time-shared computers by C. Strachey at the June 1959 UNESCO Information Processing conference, H.M. Teager and J. McCarthy delivered an unpublished paper "Time-Shared Program Testing" at the August 1959 ACM Meeting."</ref><ref name="Lee1992">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=J.A.N. |date=1992 |title=Claims to the term 'time-sharing' |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=16–54 |bibcode=1992IAHC...14a..16L |doi=10.1109/85.145316}}</ref> UJ. C. R. Licklider waletha umqondo wenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ngenkathi esebenza eBolt Beranek & Newman futhi, kamuva, wahola i-Information Processing Techniques Office e-I-Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) UMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hauben |first=Michael |date=1997 |title=Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book-pdf/CHAPTER%205.pdf |last2=Hauben |first2=Ronda |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-8186-7706-9 |language=en |chapter=5 The Vision of Interactive Computing And the Future |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103184558/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book-pdf/CHAPTER%205.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ucwaningo lokushintsha kwamaphakethe, omunye wezobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-Intanethi, lwaqala emsebenzini UPaul Baran IRAND ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 futhi, ngokuzimela, UDonald Davies e-United Kingdom's I-National Physical Laboratory ngo-1965.{{Efn|Computers communicate over the Internet by breaking up messages (emails, images, videos, web pages, files, etc.) into small chunks called packets, which are routed through a network of computers, until they reach their destination, where they are assembled back into a complete message again.}}<ref name="NIHF2007">{{Cite web|title=Inductee Details – Paul Baran|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091231/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=316|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame|postscript=none}}; {{Cite web|title=Inductee Details – Donald Watts Davies|url=http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091936/http://www.invent.org/honor/inductees/inductee-detail/?IID=328|archive-date=6 September 2017|accessdate=6 September 2017|publisher=National Inventors Hall of Fame}}</ref><ref name="Pelkeyp42">{{Cite book |last=Pelkey |first=James L. |date=2022 |title=Circuits, Packets, and Protocols: Entrepreneurs and Computer Communications, 1968-1988 |url=https://www.morganclaypoolpublishers.com/catalog_Orig/samples/9781450397292_sample.pdf |last2=Russell |first2=Andrew L. |last3=Robbins |first3=Loring G. |publisher=Morgan & Claypool |isbn=978-1-4503-9729-2 |page=4 |quote="Paul Baran, an engineer celebrated as the co-inventor (along with Donald Davies) of the packet switching technology that is the foundation of digital networks" |access-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423181017/https://www.morganclaypoolpublishers.com/catalog_Orig/samples/9781450397292_sample.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edmondson-Yurkanan |first=Chris |date=May 2007 |title=SIGCOMM's archaeological journey into networking's past |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=63–68 |doi=10.1145/1230819.1230840 |quote=The 1960 challenge was to build a network such that a significant subset of the network could survive a military attack. [Baran] told us he knew he could design a solution once he realized that, 'given redundant paths, the reliability of the net work could be greater than the reliability of the parts.' ... In his first draft dated Nov. 10, 1965, Davies forecast today's 'killer app' for his new communication service: 'The greatest traffic could only come if the public used this means for everyday purposes such as shopping... People sending enquiries and placing orders for goods of all kinds will make up a large section of the traffic... Business use of the telephone may be reduced by the growth of the kind of service we contemplate.'}}</ref> 8wufzyaw9sq58v6fmt194zyyvy1rno0 0 10481 129870 127356 2026-09-27T19:01:55Z Bhelekazi2 25493 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376419536|Banana]]" 129870 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ubhanana''' uyisithelo eside, esidliwayo esiwumthelo ngezitshalo<ref name="Morton-2013">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Julia F. |date=2013 |title=Fruits of warm climates |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html#Other%20Uses |publisher=Echo Point Books & Media |isbn=978-1-62654-976-0 |pages=29–46 |chapter=Banana |oclc=861735500 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160027/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/banana.html |archive-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=live |via=www.hort.purdue.edu}}</ref> okhiqizwa yizinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezinkulu eziqhakazayo ze-treelike ohlotsheni lwe-''UMusa''. Kwamanye amazwe, ubhanana bayawu pheka bawu biza ngokuthi ama-plantain, okuwenza ahluke kubhanana wephudingi. Ubhanana uyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, umbala nokuqina, kodwa sivame ukuba side futhi sigwegwile, sinesi khumba esithambile ecebe ngesitashi embozwe isikhumba, esingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene lapho sesivuthiwe. Sikhula phezulu ngamaqoqo eduze kwesiqalo. Cishe zonke izihlahla zesimanje ezidla inyama ezingenayo imbewu (i-parthenocarp) zabhanana zitshalwa zivela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zasendle - i-''UMusa acuminata'' ne-''UMusa Balbisiana'', noma inhlanganisela yazo. Izinhlobo ze-''UMusa'' zivela e-Indomalaya eshisayo nase-I-Australia; kungenzeka ukuthi zazifuywe INew Guinea. Zitshalwa emazweni angu-135, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezithelo zazo, futhi ngezinga elincane ukwenza iphepha lobhanana izindwangu, kuyilapho ezinye zitshalwa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Abakhiqizi bakabhanana abakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2022 kwakuyi-[[India|INdiya]] ne-[[IShayina|IChina]], okuyizinto ezihlangene ezaba ngu-26% womkhiqizo ophelele. Ubhanana udliwa ungaphekiwe noma uphekwe ngezindlela zokupheka ezisukela kuma-curry kuya kuma-chips kabhanana, ama-fritter, ama-reserves ezithelo, noma nje ubhekwe noma ushisiwe. a9r24pciuffyk3yvqglyd2anhk0dmfo 129880 129870 2026-09-28T03:34:48Z Fongcwele 16873 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Bhelekazi2|Bhelekazi2]] ([[User talk:Bhelekazi2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 127356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubhanana''' isithelo esidliwayo esingenazo izinhlamvu esimila ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Amakhasi kabhanana anombala oluhlaza uma ungakalungele ukudliwa, lapha usuke usaluhlaza. Kuthi lapho amakhasi awo eba nombala ophuzi usuke usuvuthiwe, kusho ukuthi isilungele ukudliwa. Igama lesayensi likabhanana lithi ''Musa''<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/327926-2] Plants of the World Online</ref>. Leligama lanikwa lesisitshalo yisazi semvelo esidumile saseSweden uCarl Linnaeus. Akucaci ukuthi lithathwephi, mhlawumbe lithathwe egameni lesi-Arabhu elithi ''[[wiktionary:موز|mauz]]''<ref name="Hyam-1995">{{Cite book |last1=Hyam |first1=R. |last2=Pankhurst |first2=R.J. |date=1995 |title=Plants and their names : a concise dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/plantstheirnames0000hyam |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-866189-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/plantstheirnames0000hyam/page/329 329]}}</ref>. [[File:Cavendish banana from Maracaibo.jpg|thumb|Ubhanana]] [[File:Luxor, Banana Island, Banana Tree, Egypt, Oct 2004.jpg|thumb|Isihlahla sikabhanana]] [[File:Cavendish_banana_from_Maracaibo.jpg|thumb|Ubhanana ovuthiwe]] '''Ubhanana''' isithelo esinomsoco odingekayo emzimbeni, esaziwa ngokuba luphuzi uma uvuthiwe, uluhlaza uma ungavuthwanga usemncane, kodwa uma usuvuthwe kakhulu uba nombala onsundu futhi uthambile kakhulu.Ubhanana uvame ukuba nomumo ojiyile, omude uma usuvuthiwe kanti ubamfishane uma ungakavuthwa futhi ugobeke kancane. Unencasa emnandi futhi uthambile ngaphakathi okwenza kube lula ukuwudla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bananas: 11 Evidence-Based Health Benefits You Need to Know|url=https://foodten.com/nutrition/bananas-11-evidence-based-health-benefits-you-need-to-know/|website=FOODTEN.com|date=2025-10-29|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en-US|last=FOODTEN}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ubhanana uqukethe [[Potassium nitrate|i-potassium]] esiza inhliziyo nemisipha ukuthi kusebenze kahle, uphinde ube no vitamin B6,C kanye ne fiber okusiza ngokugaya ukudla nasekuciniseni amasosha omzimba. Ubhanana ukhula ezindawe ezishisayo kakhulu futhi sikhula sinamaqabunga amade bese izithelo zakhona zikhula zihlangene zibe yizigaxa, yisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha futhi sidinga amanzi amaningi ukuze sikhule kahle. Abanye abantu bawusebenzisela ukwenza amakhekhe, amajusi,ukwenza isaladi lezithelo kanye nokunye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 Good Reasons to Eat a Banana Today - HealthXchange|url=https://www.healthxchange.sg/content/singhealth-admin/healthxchange/health-articles/current/2018/food-nutrition/food-tips/good-reasons-eat-banana-today.html|website=www.healthxchange.sg|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.renewcure.com/health-library/benefits-of-bananas/?sem_campaign=PMAXRCWEBSITE_SouthAfrica&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=23491310563&gbraid=0AAAABCLuM5f0pru-e6bDct5DxmNuEafRR&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIhKD9qcb6kgMVEJlQBh3qzzeLEAAYAiAAEgLcW_D_BwE|website=www.renewcure.com|access-date=2026-02-28}}</ref> Ubhanana ulungele ukudliwa inoma imuphi umuntu abadala nabancane futhi ulungelekile ukudliwa abantu abagulayo ngenxa yokuthi uthambile futhi kulula ukuwugaya.Ubhanana kulula ukuwuthola, ukuwudla nokuwusebenzisa ezindleleni ezahlukene zokupheka, ngakho-ke ubhanana uyisithelo esiwusizo nesithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Are Bananas Good for You? 6+ Health Benefits|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/benefits-of-bananas|website=Cleveland Clinic|access-date=2026-02-28|language=en}}</ref> == Izinkomba == <references /> == References == {{reflist|30em}} {{Commonscat|Bananas}} [[Category:Ukudla]] [[Category:Izithelo]] ttpvq1p0a01afiseo9o0iku0pw7p2zn 2 11115 129889 129791 2026-09-28T07:06:32Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 129889 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q75746002 Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT DISTINCT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count) (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/author/", ?qid , "/missing{{!}}📖]]") AS ?scholia) WHERE { ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q75746002 . OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item } } GROUP BY ?item|section= |sort=P166/Q75746002/P585 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q75746002/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! occupation ! ORCID ! Google Scholar author ID ! VIAF ! Date conferred ! Image ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q61993822|David Glasser]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-722X 0000-0001-9510-722X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=G8kEvt8AAAAJ G8kEvt8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/121088199 121088199] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61993821|Diane Hildebrandt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8855 0000-0001-7873-8855] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2SQ-120AAAAJ 2SQ-120AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/34119349 34119349] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76410934|Van Zyl de Villiers]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76410934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76410934/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78573579|Charles Ngwena]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78573579|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78573579/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48731884|Cherryl Walker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-6653 0000-0003-2523-6653] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9-exP7QAAAAJ 9-exP7QAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/100272850 100272850] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48731884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48731884/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78575075|Penelope Moore]]'' | | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575075|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575075/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71655038|Thomas Eugene Cloete]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57093942|Markus Boettcher]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-5692 0000-0002-8434-5692] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/77042729 77042729] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57093942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57093942/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55364145|Charlie M. Shackleton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-6136 0000-0002-8489-6136] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rpaBdSkAAAAJ rpaBdSkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/173716516 173716516] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55364145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55364145/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78575532|Vishnu Padayachee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q482980|author]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-3670 0000-0002-8725-3670] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=itj6ex4AAAAJ itj6ex4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/35903953 35903953] | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575532|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575532/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78431390|Delia Marshall]]'' | [[umfundindalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3146574859938150080 3146574859938150080] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78431390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78431390/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78575739|Bhekizizwe Peterson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q28389|screenwriter]]'' | | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575739|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575739/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78575915|Imraan Valodia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-6595 0000-0002-5607-6595] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0X5dgFYAAAAJ 0X5dgFYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46474023 46474023] | 2017 | [[File:Imraan Valodia UKZN - Informality and Urbanization (10070549606).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78575915/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30423489|Robert J. Wilkinson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q432386|preacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-1800 0000-0002-2753-1800] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SqwGUN0AAAAJ SqwGUN0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1106802 1106802] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30423489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30423489/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21341400|Maureen Coetzee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X 0000-0003-2019-866X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jbWH4QUAAAAJ jbWH4QUAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55510058|Keymanthri Moodley]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-4901 0000-0003-3404-4901] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZzF97IsAAAAJ ZzF97IsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/165745949 165745949] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55510058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55510058/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61132838|Wim de Villiers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61132838|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61132838/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56807736|Colleen T. Downs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-1510 0000-0001-8334-1510] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56807736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56807736/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76126642|Duncan Brown]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76126642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76126642/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76127082|Martin Bucher]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76127082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76127082/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q49168166|Terence J. Robinson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-4891 0000-0002-4298-4891] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LLaJvSEAAAAJ LLaJvSEAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64882689|Voster Muchenje]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-763X 0000-0001-7817-763X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uNm2MyUAAAAJ uNm2MyUAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64882689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64882689/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78434764|David Mason]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79443968|Sekhar Ray]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79443968|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79443968/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q67189799|Anthony Jide Afolayan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-6695 0000-0002-9111-6695] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5V_WJskAAAAJ 5V_WJskAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67189799|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67189799/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78435102|Judith Masters]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78435102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78435102/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60991028|George Ekama]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PWje2ogAAAAJ PWje2ogAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311249909 311249909] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71371411|Bernard Lategan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76850626|Mellony Graven]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8021-3959 0000-0002-8021-3959] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TS__mHkAAAAJ TS__mHkAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850626/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76850682|Diane Grayson]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5363-9372 0000-0002-5363-9372] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850682/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76850749|Gideon Petrus Greyvenstein]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850749|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850749/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76418250|David Dewar]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418250|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418250/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76850794|Nicolaas Johannes Grové]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850794|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850794/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76850844|Bao-Zhu Guo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9078-0001 0000-0001-9078-0001] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2ME1DSkAAAAJ 2ME1DSkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/164215793 164215793] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76850844/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28698134|George M. Branch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5137366|cnidariologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-5150 0000-0003-3597-5150] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28698134|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28698134/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76418424|Maarten de Wit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q13416354|mineralogist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-3207 0000-0002-9494-3207] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/93284350 93284350] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76418424/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61857345|Marco A.G. Andreoli]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-2208 0000-0002-6688-2208] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61857345|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61857345/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76274578|Nithaya Chetty]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-0528 0000-0002-9934-0528] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3rl0mMwAAAAJ 3rl0mMwAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76274578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76274578/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78149098|Salome Kruger]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78149098|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78149098/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76419491|Jan-Hendrik S. Hofmeyr]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77717266|Michael Charles Kew]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77717994|Ayesha Kharsany]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-0194 0000-0001-7457-0194] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q7JcV_sAAAAJ Q7JcV_sAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717994/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75988391|Ann Bernstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q137549240|development economist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75988391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75988391/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80169885|Marié Philliphina Wissing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80169885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80169885/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75989011|Krish Bharuth-Ram]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75989011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75989011/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q11256815|David Mark Richardson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-8297 0000-0001-9574-8297] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Rdfu4uoAAAAJ Rdfu4uoAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85249968 85249968] | 2009 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79305934|Nicky Gopalan Padayachee]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79305934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79305934/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75990323|Ramesh Bharuthram]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75990323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75990323/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77720360|Rifka Kfir]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720360|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720360/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79306387|Norman Pammenter]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79739137|Vikash Sewram]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79739137|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79739137/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77720857|Chaudry Khalique]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720857|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77720857/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X] | | | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544531|Roseanne Diab]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-8320 0000-0002-3564-8320] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RAEK2eEAAAAJ RAEK2eEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/55645762 55645762] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544590|Daniela Cristina Stefan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q16062369|oncologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-1209 0000-0001-5740-1209] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544598|Deborah Posel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sznyWqoAAAAJ sznyWqoAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/93681997 93681997] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544598|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544598/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544603|Dhayendre Moodley]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-9631 0000-0003-1849-9631] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=C3rHZvsAAAAJ C3rHZvsAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544603/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79307973|Hugh Patterton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2904006|bioinformatician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79307973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79307973/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544654|Irma Eloff]]'' | ''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-3979 0000-0001-8306-3979] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Owgdy3QAAAAJ Owgdy3QAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56298317 56298317] | | [[File:Irma Eloff, Pretoria.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544654|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544654/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544660|Jeanetta du Plessis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-9409 0000-0003-0474-9409] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kCdAQHgAAAAJ kCdAQHgAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544660/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544677|Liesel Ebersöhn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-4973 0000-0002-2616-4973] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xeQhZZ0AAAAJ xeQhZZ0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/286769038 286769038] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544677|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544677/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544684|Lucinda Backwell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-3353 0000-0001-5816-3353] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Y17Xc5gAAAAJ Y17Xc5gAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24351965 24351965] | | [[File:Lucinda Backwell (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544684|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544684/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544789|Rachel Chikwamba]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-0734 0000-0003-2827-0734] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544789/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544799|Zodwa Dlamini]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-3646 0000-0002-8012-3646] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nrCvvAQAAAAJ nrCvvAQAAAAJ] | | | [[File:4 Zodwa Sobukwe with Dinilesizwe.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544799/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544878|Minrie Greeff]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8463 0000-0003-0921-8463] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544878|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544878/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544965|Angela Mathee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544965/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42544994|Anna Kramvis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3765 0000-0001-6006-3765] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544994/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76857461|Ariff Ahmed Hafejee]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857461/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42545058|Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-0432 0000-0001-9387-0432] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NnJPZuQAAAAJ NnJPZuQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/169009503 169009503] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76857552|Fritz JW Hahne]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76857552/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q37643854|Gregory L. Blatch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8577 0000-0003-0778-8577] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/272043681 272043681] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78155721|Loren Landau]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-4748 0000-0002-0198-4748] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Hw4YkqoAAAAJ Hw4YkqoAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78155721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78155721/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2611579|Alan Whiteside]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[umbhali]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-968X 0000-0003-1157-968X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/17511182 17511182] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2611579|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2611579/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75994202|William Bishai]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-4118 0000-0002-8734-4118] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/48099989 48099989] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75994202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75994202/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79742931|John Francis Sharpey-Schafer]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79742931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79742931/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78158001|Virna Leaner]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78158001|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78158001/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55523379|Robert Morrell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-486X 0000-0002-6096-486X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3152154075987911860009 3152154075987911860009] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55523379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55523379/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q450598|Lee Berger]]'' | ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q239272|Australopithecus africanus]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-7629 0000-0002-0367-7629] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PpW_J88AAAAJ PpW_J88AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6169562 6169562] | | [[File:Lee Berger image 2006.JPG|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76428197|Leon Milner Theodore Dicks]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428197|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428197/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76428240|Thulani H Dlamini]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428240|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76428240/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78446682|Robert Mattes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-9385 0000-0003-0567-9385] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/19992713 19992713] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78446682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78446682/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76716731|Thomas Ford]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-794X 0000-0002-8896-794X] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76716997|Richard Francis Fuggle]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716997|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716997/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79744635|W. R. Siegfried]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79744635|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79744635/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76717085|Christoph Friedrich Garbers]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76717085|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76717085/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58119538|Kobus Maree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5341297|educational psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-8445 0000-0002-9492-8445] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JRlauxMAAAAJ JRlauxMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4592006 4592006] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58119538|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58119538/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79745070|Silvester Ron Simango]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5694-7146 0000-0001-5694-7146] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745070/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79745330|Ruth Simbao]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1792450|art historian]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-7491 0000-0002-9640-7491] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aT42_WMAAAAJ aT42_WMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/73694792 73694792] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79745330/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31736746|Herman Wasserman]]'' | [[umbhali]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-1989 0000-0002-2553-1989] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tVMVK2MAAAAJ tVMVK2MAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/32307710 32307710] | 2012 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q31736746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q31736746/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78159581|Lesley Le Grange]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-3609 0000-0002-7096-3609] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4zXjLu4AAAAJ 4zXjLu4AAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159581|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159581/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78159586|Alison Lewis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yaaQvscAAAAJ yaaQvscAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/41609069 41609069] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159586/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78159593|Attie Johannes Ligthelm]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27349|dentist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159593/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78159599|Elsabé Loots]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4518-1688 0000-0003-4518-1688] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159599|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78159599/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76141294|James Bull]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141294|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141294/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76141448|Renier Adriaan Burger]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141448|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141448/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79601606|Linda Marlene Richter]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79601606|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79601606/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76141655|Stephanie Gail Burton]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141655/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76141946|Faizal Bux]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76141946/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79746428|Ratnamala Singh]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79746428|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79746428/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70376235|Carolyn Williamson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pcRNQYAAAAJ 3pcRNQYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76864546|Raymond Haines]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76864546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76864546/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q54086671|Norman Owen-Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-1201 0000-0001-8429-1201] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BoSadf0AAAAJ BoSadf0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29615824 29615824]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/496166656941922710006 496166656941922710006] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78451629|Thoko V Mayekiso]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78451629|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78451629/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70378516|Crain Arthur Soudien]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-6532 0000-0002-9934-6532] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i8djXlYAAAAJ i8djXlYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/61677562 61677562] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>[[USolwazi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LOHkEw8AAAAJ LOHkEw8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39468370 39468370] | | [[File:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ARaZ9-MAAAAJ ARaZ9-MAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24336962 24336962] | | [[File:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79461535|Thomas Rehle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60739955|healthcare scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-4345 0000-0001-7437-4345] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/48869538 48869538] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79461535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79461535/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21505541|Himansu Baijnath]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-3876 0000-0001-6594-3876] | | | | [[File:Himansu Baijnath.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21505541|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21505541/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78885212|Daniel James Ncayiyana]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-8057 0000-0001-6016-8057] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78885212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78885212/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56394925|Nesri Padayatchi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q10334684|public health physician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-9071 0000-0003-2543-9071] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OINblGUAAAAJ OINblGUAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56394925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56394925/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39527283|Sabiha Yusuf Essack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3357-2761 0000-0003-3357-2761] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39527283|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39527283/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78453566|Anthony David Mbewu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78453566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78453566/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2043552|Johannes van Staden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-1281 0000-0003-0515-1281] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/562159234013403370477 562159234013403370477] | | [[File:Prof johannes van staden-1595341335.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41113731|Wolfgang Preiser]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-7910 0000-0002-0254-7910] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41113731|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41113731/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76003072|Nigel Tempest Bishop]]'' | [[umfundindalo]] | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m8CpFJkAAAAJ m8CpFJkAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76003072|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76003072/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55098484|Graeme Meintjes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-4414 0000-0003-1196-4414] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fFi4xj4AAAAJ fFi4xj4AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55098484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55098484/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55820267|Keith Breckenridge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-6837 0000-0001-5023-6837] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/295702208 295702208] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55820267|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55820267/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76004979|David Block]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]]<br/>''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/309720300 309720300]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/88042470 88042470] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76004979|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76004979/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76005296|Juanita Bornman]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76005296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76005296/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78456602|Veronica McKay]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78456602|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78456602/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41693545|Murray Leibbrandt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q85863506|researcher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-8844 0000-0003-0829-8844] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_jykaYAAAAJ 4_jykaYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/33108449 33108449] | | [[File:Murray Leibbrandt.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41693545|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41693545/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76006138|Liesbeth Botha]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006138|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006138/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76006290|Rudie Botha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006290/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76006527|André Boraine]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-4287 0000-0003-4115-4287] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N0F7S9EAAAAJ N0F7S9EAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006527|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76006527/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79322762|Robert Clive Pattinson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322762/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79322932|Michael Pepper]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322932|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79322932/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q91001469|Vasu Reddy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-2320 0000-0002-6004-2320] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/96897750 96897750] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91001469|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91001469/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76007840|Sonja Bosch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76007840|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76007840/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79756318|Ann Skelton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-8904 0000-0003-4320-8904] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fIJ4Hs4AAAAJ fIJ4Hs4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/117145542414196640961 117145542414196640961]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/261974215 261974215] | 2019 | [[File:Ann Skelton 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79756318|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79756318/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76008824|Paul Bowen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008824/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79757375|Beric William Skews]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79757375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79757375/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76008996|Daniel Bradlow]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-1815 0000-0002-1518-1815] | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008996|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76008996/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76874208|Lawrence Hamilton]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76874208|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76874208/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72116776|Igle Gledhill]]'' | [[umfundindalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-0290 0000-0001-6171-0290] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vKA1b3YAAAAJ vKA1b3YAAAAJ] | | | [[File:Igle Gledhill 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72116776|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72116776/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78748626|Alphose Zingoni]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/216080706 216080706]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31487334 31487334] | | [[File:AlphoseZingoni-Profile.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78748626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78748626/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78460617|Lirieka Meintjes-Van der Walt]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460617|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460617/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78460819|Barry Vincent Mendelow]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78460819/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53808040|Michael T Davies-Coleman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-894X 0000-0001-5344-894X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85647578 85647578] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78317156|Mzamo P Mangaliso]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78317156|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78317156/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79614716|Christian Rogerson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11630517|tourism scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-8867 0000-0003-1306-8867] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=froNhxcAAAAJ froNhxcAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27171337 27171337] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79614716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79614716/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15459092|Charles K. Brain]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/30825610 30825610] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57412559|Harold Annegarn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-4679 0000-0001-6653-4679] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57412559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57412559/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q26704364|Saurabh Sinha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-3925 0000-0003-4634-3925] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kxJhswgAAAAJ kxJhswgAAAAJ] | | 2019 | [[File:Prof Saurabh Sinha.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26704364|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26704364/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79615179|Andreas Roodt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-6436 0000-0002-7349-6436] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615179/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79327087|Francis Petersen]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-2315 0000-0003-4464-2315] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79327087|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79327087/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55539279|Jacobus N. Eloff]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-9842 0000-0003-1494-9842] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/63822206 63822206] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61162044|Tahir S Pillay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-9710 0000-0002-9982-9710] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61162044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61162044/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79615924|Neil Roos]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-2150 0000-0001-8457-2150] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jg18U6UAAAAJ jg18U6UAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79615924/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76300027|Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300027|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300027/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q90572902|Julian D May]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-8053 0000-0003-2334-8053] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aS-ifvEAAAAJ aS-ifvEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/34020082 34020082] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90572902|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90572902/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76300183|Walter T Claassen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76300183/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79616313|Cornelia Roux]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79616313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79616313/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78607257|Letlhokwa Mpedi]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607257|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607257/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78607481|Renosi Mokate]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2027459 2027459] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607481|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78607481/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76301029|Peter Eiddon Cleaton-Jones]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/273754832 273754832] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76301029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76301029/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78463759|Rajend Mesthrie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-6076 0000-0001-6338-6076] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nO9azssAAAAJ nO9azssAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/79341 79341] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78463759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78463759/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43142591|Eno E. Ebenso]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-9258 0000-0002-0411-9258] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bljjT44AAAAJ bljjT44AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/517162664578255002986 517162664578255002986] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43142591|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43142591/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18201824|Bernie Fanaroff]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]] | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201824/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60732379|Ivan Turok]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[USolwazi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-2492 0000-0001-5520-2492] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bPUWRDsAAAAJ bPUWRDsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/239721967 239721967]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27376645 27376645] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60732379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60732379/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69526864|Lise Korsten]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7659 0000-0003-0232-7659] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N5Xy6m4AAAAJ N5Xy6m4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6903149296167980670000 6903149296167980670000] | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q37377512|Taryn Young]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2406-081X 0000-0003-2406-081X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0cVz1SgAAAAJ 0cVz1SgAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37377512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37377512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78610632|Ebrahim Momoniat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q102110912|Peter Dankelmann]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-7546 0000-0003-4376-7546] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jmeHpKUAAAAJ jmeHpKUAAAAJ] | | 2007 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102110912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102110912/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58283307|Dorrit Posel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-875X 0000-0002-3343-875X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KmbPFYQAAAAJ KmbPFYQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/284141636 284141636] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58283307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58283307/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79620488|Justus Christiaan Roux]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-3686 0000-0001-6913-3686] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jn8soLsAAAAJ Jn8soLsAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79620488|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79620488/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19646258|Lenore Manderson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7883-1790 0000-0002-7883-1790] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DZ3P2ZMAAAAJ DZ3P2ZMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51717767 51717767] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19646258|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19646258/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78467666|Joseph Philip Michael]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467666|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467666/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80053570|Fiona Tregenna]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Qu0QFrYAAAAJ Qu0QFrYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053570/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45452887|Clive M. Gray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-901X 0000-0002-9293-901X] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45452887|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45452887/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78467894|John Robert Midgley]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467894|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78467894/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80053967|Peter Doughtrey Tyson]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1769780|Wiseman Nkuhlu]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21865680 21865680] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1769780|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1769780/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]'' | [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]<br/>''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79622145|Heinz Rüther]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79622145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79622145/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571276|Gita Ramjee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1524-6778 0000-0003-1524-6778] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571276|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571276/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23540990|Carolyn Hamilton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-4603 0000-0003-1291-4603] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PYTy1KEAAAAJ PYTy1KEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/5146242 5146242] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23540990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23540990/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571456|Heidi L. Hudson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-2215 0000-0002-3274-2215] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2917149068487565730007 2917149068487565730007] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571456|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571456/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571461|Heidi van Rooyen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-6098 0000-0002-6502-6098] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6RpKYP0AAAAJ 6RpKYP0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/309894208 309894208] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571461/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571640|Jane Carruthers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-4599 0000-0001-8210-4599] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4128165628894642480006 4128165628894642480006]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/48310877 48310877] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571644|Jeanet Conradie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-6830 0000-0002-8120-6830] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hDqy53AAAAAJ hDqy53AAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571644|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571644/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42571652|Jenny Hoobler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-6889 0000-0001-7725-6889] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ntCB6dEAAAAJ ntCB6dEAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571652|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571652/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80055925|Annél van Aswegen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80055925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80055925/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2637050|Mamphela Ramphele]]'' | [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]<br/>[[umbhali]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51848589 51848589] | | [[File:Mamphela Ramphele, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80056419|Hennie van Coller]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056419/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572405|Marion Bamford]]'' | ''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-130X 0000-0003-0667-130X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WT8NxO0AAAAJ WT8NxO0AAAAJ] | | | [[File:Prof. Marion Bamford.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572409|Maryke Labuschagne]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0593-2678 0000-0003-0593-2678] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572409|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572409/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80056637|Jan Horn van Heerden]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80056637/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572458|Nicola Illing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572458/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76596628|Rosalie Finlayson]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596628|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596628/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76596720|Peter Folb]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76596720/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76164426|Jennifer Case]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76164426|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76164426/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572827|Priscilla Baker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-2670 0000-0002-8878-2670] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572832|Priscilla Reddy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-9060 0000-0002-0432-9060] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572832/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572977|Sarah Nuttall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2248623|scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19829999|cultural studies scholar]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51871249 51871249] | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572977|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572977/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42572989|Sharon Fonn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q189603|public health]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-8707 0000-0001-6115-8707] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/53842901 53842901] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572989/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573017|Sharon Prince]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-5255 0000-0002-6975-5255] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vX0OqFcAAAAJ vX0OqFcAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573017|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573017/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573059|Soraya Seedat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-786X 0000-0002-5118-786X] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573059|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573059/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573056|Sheona Shackleton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-9070 0000-0002-6133-9070] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yYKI71sAAAAJ yYKI71sAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/170915649 170915649] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573056|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573056/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573200|Tamara Shefer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-8043 0000-0002-1201-8043] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=r4CTJqAAAAAJ r4CTJqAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/78535658 78535658] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573200/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573246|Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573246/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573244|Theresa Coetzer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-3808 0000-0003-0706-3808] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f8CmCSsAAAAJ f8CmCSsAAAAJ] | | 2015 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573244/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42573294|Olive Shisana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-9145 0000-0001-7566-9145] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aVpgLdQAAAAJ aVpgLdQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64244770 64244770] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573294|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42573294/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q37383962|Winston Hide]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-3271 0000-0002-8621-3271] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37383962|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37383962/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q36519401|Bernard Slippers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-3858 0000-0003-1491-3858] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=047C24MAAAAJ 047C24MAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/232260155 232260155] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36519401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36519401/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47765603|Maano Ramutsindela]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-5892 0000-0003-0918-5892] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/107045455 107045455] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47765603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47765603/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79771790|Robert Slotow]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79771790|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79771790/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76167707|Philip Allan Charles]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4672-7278 0000-0002-4672-7278] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76167707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76167707/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76168295|Michael Cherry]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76168295|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76168295/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5092799|Cheryl de la Rey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | | | | | [[File:Cheryl de la Rey.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39693728|Charles Parry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-2785 0000-0001-9787-2785] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QFNlScYAAAAJ QFNlScYAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39693728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39693728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ] | | | [[File:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56850219|Suprakas Sinha Ray]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-2595 0000-0002-0007-2595] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NlGhT4oAAAAJ NlGhT4oAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/249814531 249814531] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850219/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56850306|Andrew Forbes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[umfundindalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5586 0000-0003-2552-5586] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t6ab-m0AAAAJ t6ab-m0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/172612019 172612019] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850306|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56850306/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71267784|Deresh Ramjugernath]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-7846 0000-0003-3447-7846] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1AIPLBYAAAAJ 1AIPLBYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109148449566415690155 109148449566415690155] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76602323|Charles Fombad]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76602323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76602323/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42145855|Jane Catherine Ngila]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-4567 0000-0002-0121-4567] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNc4NEYAAAAJ NNc4NEYAAAAJ] | | | [[File:Jane Catherine Ngila World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853221649).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57283872|Rachel Wynberg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-9759 0000-0002-2984-9759] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2srilzIAAAAJ 2srilzIAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/221289195 221289195] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57283872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57283872/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42146216|Miriam Adhikari]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]<br/>[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42146216|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42146216/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q72855367|Khotso David Kenneth Mokhele]]'' | [[Usomabhizinisi]]<br/>[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78910667|Jan Neels]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78910667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78910667/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48923762|Rashid Hassan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-9617 0000-0001-5287-9617] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B9BihLsAAAAJ B9BihLsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/74908770 74908770] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78479038|Philemon Mphathi Mjwara]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-2089 0000-0002-3651-2089] | | | | [[File:9th BRICS STI Senior Officials Meeting (48756384933).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78479038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78479038/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7403839|Saleem Badat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/272819134 272819134] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7403839|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7403839/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42293328|Patricia Ann Whitelock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-4432 0000-0002-4678-4432] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/24755014 24755014] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60170766|Robert de Mello Koch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-6242 0000-0001-8129-6242] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N6pVIQoAAAAJ N6pVIQoAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60170766|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60170766/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q340234|Achille Mbembe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371925|announcer]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/112932779 112932779] | | [[File:Achille Mbembe 2.JPG|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q340234|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q340234/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7837812|Trefor Jenkins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46916068 46916068] | | [[File:Trefor Jenkins00.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[Umqaqathi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76462978|Kathy Driver]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-9661 0000-0001-9349-9661] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lnfKLxEAAAAJ lnfKLxEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/281923889 281923889] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76462978|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76462978/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76463215|Themba Dube]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2702-2192 0000-0002-2702-2192] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J2W53J8AAAAJ J2W53J8AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463215/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76463296|Norman Duncan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-4457 0000-0002-9395-4457] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463296/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76463715|Lourens Marthinus du Plessis]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463715/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q68246057|Kieka Mynhardt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-676X 0000-0001-6981-676X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J81e5Q8AAAAJ J81e5Q8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/317148208 317148208] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68246057|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68246057/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76463789|Willemien du Plessis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16012028|legal scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-5063 0000-0002-0907-5063] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GhA8G1sAAAAJ GhA8G1sAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68191705 68191705] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76463789/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71850422|James Darkwa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76464637|Anton Eberhard]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76464637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76464637/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19661724|Lyn Wadley]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-0813 0000-0003-0053-0813] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bK8F68UAAAAJ bK8F68UAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/59117828 59117828] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78916493|Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1371378|ethnologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5477-607X 0000-0002-5477-607X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=K_TTLasAAAAJ K_TTLasAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22108228 22108228] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78916493|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78916493/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57002842|Andre Strydom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2117-5921 0000-0002-2117-5921] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57002842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57002842/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70122331|Paramu Mafongoya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767 0000-0002-2918-7767] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jam6-qsAAAAJ Jam6-qsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/13524668 13524668] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39271355|Brian Harvey]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-7894 0000-0002-9864-7894] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271355|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271355/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39271374|Rajkumar Ramesar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5688-1634 0000-0001-5688-1634] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271374|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39271374/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78629970|Vincent Clifford Moran]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58158094|Garth Stevens]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1113899|clinical psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462390|docent]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-0471 0000-0002-4285-0471] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=grAIOY0AAAAJ grAIOY0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/32321807 32321807] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58158094|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58158094/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57869901|Gary Stevens]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9419 0000-0003-1593-9419] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78630482|Alan G Morris]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630482/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78630729|Johann Mouton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hs9R5SIAAAAJ hs9R5SIAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630729/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78630987|Jeffrey Mphahlele]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78630987/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43165660|Edward Rybicki]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9911 0000-0001-8024-9911] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VHZLh3EAAAAJ VHZLh3EAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8027168049010038410006 8027168049010038410006] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78198987|Christopher Cuthber Posela Madiba]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78198987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78198987/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78199182|Nomathemba Virginia Magi]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78199182|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78199182/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78200124|Duma Enoch Malaza]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200124|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200124/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78200511|Johannes Albertus Geldenhuys Malherbe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1327130|electronics technician]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200511|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78200511/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61046047|Pragasen Pillay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4pcRZs0AAAAJ 4pcRZs0AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046047/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41583107|Mohamed Seedat]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-3370 0000-0001-9018-3370] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41583107|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41583107/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61046054|Wieland Gevers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-2625 0000-0003-1138-2625] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046054|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046054/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61046057|Sibusiso Sibisi]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046057|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046057/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-4821 0000-0002-8250-4821] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CWYli-kAAAAJ CWYli-kAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/108617120 108617120] | | [[File:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43024855|Don Cowan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-861X 0000-0001-8059-861X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/5256169639277196580003 5256169639277196580003] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43024855|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43024855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4819906|Chris Brink]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/62228603 62228603] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47205984|Antoinette Lombard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7019111|social worker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q8142883|criminologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2435 0000-0003-1380-2435] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47205984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47205984/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6694525|Loyiso Nongxa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8833 0000-0002-7069-8833] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1slz3CoAAAAJ 1slz3CoAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6694525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6694525/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28320142|Charles Shey Wiysonge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-4779 0000-0002-1273-4779] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QXIHmpMAAAAJ QXIHmpMAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28320142|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28320142/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78635852|Bangilizwe Mqeke]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78635852|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78635852/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56722047|Albert T Modi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-1721 0000-0002-6887-1721] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/313495373 313495373] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56722047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56722047/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57010385|Charles Feldman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-8314 0000-0002-6881-8314] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RMrGGTEAAAAJ RMrGGTEAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57010385|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57010385/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78636399|Abraham Muasya]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636399|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636399/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78636572|John Cantius Mubangizi]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-268X 0000-0002-1408-268X] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78636572/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7849622|Tshilidzi Marwala]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-5510 0000-0001-7372-5510] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BTVVLk0AAAAJ BTVVLk0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6459149068376565730001 6459149068376565730001] | | [[File:Tshilidzi Marwala 20230801.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80079312|Willem Francois Petrus van Heerden]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079312|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079312/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78638269|Johan Pieter Muller]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-7089 0000-0001-5777-7089] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4LqP-O0AAAAJ 4LqP-O0AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78638269|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78638269/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80079982|Paul David van Helden]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80079982/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5111630|Christof Heyns]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-1993 0000-0001-7650-1993] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/71553415 71553415] | | [[File:UNSR Christof Heyns speaks at the Member States briefing on the project to develop recommendations for managing peaceful protests (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111630|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111630/missing|📖]] |- | [[Adam Habib]] | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q222344|cinematographer]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/270259342 270259342] | | [[File:Dr. Adam Habib, University of Natal.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80080147|Albert van Jaarsveld]]'' | | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_gctYysAAAAJ _gctYysAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080147|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080147/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80080649|Anton Albert van Niekerk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80080649/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69988844|Jean M.S. Lubuma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q53697704|Mike M Sathekge]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-0625 0000-0002-2806-0625] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3495158005997502100008 3495158005997502100008] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53697704|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53697704/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78639158|David Mycock]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78639158|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78639158/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q46200956|Bhekie B. Mamba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-2579 0000-0003-2534-2579] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LrpKtfgAAAAJ LrpKtfgAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46200956|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46200956/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80081069|Frederik van Niekerk]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80081069|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80081069/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7563912|Sospeter Muhongo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''<br/>[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]<br/>[[UNgqongqoshe]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/306102304 306102304] | | [[File:Sospeter Muhongo IAEA.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q36687101|Teresa A. Coutinho]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-4343 0000-0002-3227-4343] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bsBzdrYAAAAJ bsBzdrYAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36687101|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36687101/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79649912|Roelf Feenstra Sandenbergh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27947380|metallurgical engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-5954 0000-0003-0594-5954] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79649912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79649912/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q59610311|Shireen Hassim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/10088136 10088136] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59610311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59610311/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80082536|Brian W. Van Wilgen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521 0000-0002-1536-7521] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5FfLX_4AAAAJ 5FfLX_4AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56150824|Carolus Johannes Reinecke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/306172207 306172207] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56150824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56150824/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79075772|Phuthi E Ngoepe]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79075772|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79075772/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79076052|Ojelanki Ngwenyama]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79076052|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79076052/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79652950|Mamadou Sango]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79652950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79652950/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q46205941|Leslie Swartz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-5897 0000-0003-1741-5897] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tZXC_70AAAAJ tZXC_70AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/164943892 164943892] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46205941|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46205941/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q62064990|Brij Maharaj]]'' | ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-2231 0000-0003-1266-2231] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lZG7jMoAAAAJ lZG7jMoAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38813774 38813774] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62064990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62064990/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79654039|Christopher Saunders]]'' | ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654039|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654039/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5262482|Derek Yach]]'' | [[Usomabhizinisi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>[[umbhali]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-1457 0000-0003-1424-1457] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Yk8-oEAAAAJ 9Yk8-oEAAAAJ]<br/>[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VXtuEqAAAAAJ VXtuEqAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/18783190 18783190] | | [[File:Derek yach.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5262482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5262482/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79654325|Maria Schoeman]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654325|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79654325/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80087071|Jacobus Daniel van Wyk]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087071|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087071/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80087693|Christopher Vaughan]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087693|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087693/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80087808|Daniel Verwoerd]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087808/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80087885|Zeblon Zenzele Vilakaz]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80087885/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80088005|Karel Viljoen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088005/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80088190|Frans Viljoen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088190|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80088190/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29052586|Brenda Wingfield]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-1519 0000-0002-6189-1519] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9tCXKQ0AAAAJ 9tCXKQ0AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79944675|Bohua Sun]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79944675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79944675/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41596279|Johan van Zyl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2462658|manager]]'' | | | | | [[File:Johan Van Zyl 1 (Toyota Motors Europe) at Toyota Press Conference IAA 2017 by Nicolas Völcker.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41596279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41596279/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79945707|Hendrik Swart]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945707/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45345034|Malose Jack Mphahlele]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-5671 0000-0002-6018-5671] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45345034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45345034/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79945878|Christiaan F Swanepoel]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945878|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79945878/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79657655|Barry David Schoub]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79657655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79657655/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79946125|Frans Swanepoel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q107369298|sustainability scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9388-7274 0000-0002-9388-7274] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NB7GntMAAAAJ NB7GntMAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946125|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946125/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79946477|Gerald Edwin Swan]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946477/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79946604|Edward Sturrock]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80090874|Louise Viljoen]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80090874|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80090874/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80091205|Sibusiso Vil-Nkomo]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091205|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091205/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80091417|Daniel Visser]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091417/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79947307|Rolf Heinrich Stumpf]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79947307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79947307/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80091519|Renuka Vithal]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091519/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57889447|Shane A Norris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788 0000-0001-7124-3788] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/14989035 14989035]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80091772|Wilma Viviers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-7862 0000-0001-7471-7862] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WeN2tPYAAAAJ WeN2tPYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091772|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80091772/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1086728|Christopher Henshilwood]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17488316|prehistorian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-293X 0000-0002-2818-293X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vYE3hmAAAAAJ vYE3hmAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/14306558 14306558] | | [[File:Csh Blombos 2017 v2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1086728|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1086728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57889897|Andre P Kengne]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-131X 0000-0002-5183-131X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/310750363 310750363] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889897|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889897/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56015824|Alfred Botha]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-647X 0000-0003-0988-647X] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56015824|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56015824/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70721384|Jacek Banasiak]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0774 0000-0003-3381-0774] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNmEQjQAAAAJ NNmEQjQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51985030 51985030] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1952473|Thumbi Ndung'u]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992 0000-0003-2962-3992] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bVCgcb8AAAAJ bVCgcb8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/306421897 306421897] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57890766|Johann Kirsten]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-9648 0000-0003-0770-9648] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=onTpBZcAAAAJ onTpBZcAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/67650643 67650643] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57890766|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57890766/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79660900|Roland Schulze]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42177417|Anna Coutsoudis]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42177417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42177417/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77643715|Neil Jarvis]]'' | | | | | | [[File:Neil Victor Jarvis (05610234) (51419910229).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643715/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77643802|Mohamed S Jeenah]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77643802/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42178276|Renée Kraan-Korteweg]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-6250 0000-0002-0202-6250] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/272584657 272584657] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77644158|Branislav Jeremic]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/3554314 3554314] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644158|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644158/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79950929|Christopher Stroud]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36109902 36109902] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79950929|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79950929/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43188044|Willem Heber van Zyl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-353X 0000-0001-8195-353X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wbYsUOUAAAAJ wbYsUOUAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60055963|João P. Rodrigues]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-3845 0000-0002-1980-3845] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77644777|Eugene Llewellyn Julies]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644777/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42323167|Caroline Tiemessen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-1690 0000-0002-0991-1690] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42323167|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42323167/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q91052641|John Parkington]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-6826 0000-0001-6127-6826] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tk-A4MsAAAAJ tk-A4MsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36952076 36952076] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77644853|Ashraf Kagee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-2566 0000-0003-1241-2566] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fxS68wwAAAAJ fxS68wwAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77644853/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79951611|Anton Ströh]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951611|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951611/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79951700|Pieter Helenius Stoker]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951700|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951700/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79951875|Nthoana Tau-Mzamane]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951875|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79951875/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77645289|Michael Kahn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8673-0682 0000-0002-8673-0682] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eW1eYqsAAAAJ eW1eYqsAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77645289|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77645289/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60633415|Leickness Chisamu Simbayi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-4092 0000-0001-6136-4092] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8JN3wDIAAAAJ 8JN3wDIAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/10088158 10088158] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60633415|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60633415/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78222841|Tinyiko Maluleke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-6093 0000-0002-4663-6093] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PcJtw6QAAAAJ PcJtw6QAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78222841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78222841/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80097315|Sebastiaan von Solms]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097315|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097315/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80097547|Hester Vorster]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2576499|nutritionist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/163644131 163644131] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097547/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80097761|Yusef Waghid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-824X 0000-0003-2565-824X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45355860 45355860] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80097761/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76493965|Fred Ellery]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SLRs89YAAAAJ SLRs89YAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76493965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76493965/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79233222|Frederick Mark Orkin]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79233222|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79233222/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56598884|Anastassios Pouris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5367-2498 0000-0002-5367-2498] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=O0cg2GwAAAAJ O0cg2GwAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/73623450 73623450] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56598884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56598884/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77791882|Duard Godfried Kleyn]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77791882|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77791882/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42181924|Viness Pillay]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-3347 0000-0002-8119-3347] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RSfUGncAAAAJ RSfUGncAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76926947|Ronald Harley]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/192970031 192970031] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77647971|Steven Karataglidis]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77647971|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77647971/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76927153|Susan Thérèse Largier Harrison]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76927153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76927153/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77792183|Hester Klopper]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-7586 0000-0001-9808-7586] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d0wQfFsAAAAJ d0wQfFsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/61195592 61195592] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77792183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77792183/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76350522|John Darrell Comins]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76350522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76350522/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42182322|Jill Adler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-5732 0000-0002-4367-5732] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sZL50Y8AAAAJ sZL50Y8AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65809739 65809739] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42182322|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42182322/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79089855|Mokubung Nkomo]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79089855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79089855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q59050386|Marissa Rollnick]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-8683 0000-0002-9543-8683] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/60684003 60684003] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59050386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59050386/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51697828|Kathryn H. Myburgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2120 0000-0003-4501-2120] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DXNUiEEAAAAJ DXNUiEEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/205963403 205963403] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1382575|Mark Solms]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3410028|psychoanalyst]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6337803|neuroscientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-3882 0000-0003-4828-3882] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vD4p8rQAAAAJ vD4p8rQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22297525 22297525] | | [[File:Mark Solms 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1382575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1382575/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q517589|Richard Goldstone]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/117719743 117719743] | | [[File:Richard Goldstone.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q517589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q517589/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57897506|Jeremy Seekings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-412X 0000-0002-8029-412X] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39593744 39593744] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57897506|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57897506/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80099721|Melanie Walker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q88011130|educational researcher]]''<br/>[[USolwazi]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7859-6380 0000-0002-7859-6380] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VqfZMP4AAAAJ VqfZMP4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29868729 29868729] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099721/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76351351|Neville Raymond Comins]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351351/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76351372|Ernst Conradie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-6952 0000-0002-0020-6952] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=38lWb7QAAAAJ 38lWb7QAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/232801939 232801939] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76351372/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80099861|Qing-Guo Wang]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-3716 0000-0002-3672-3716] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=joK9NAoAAAAJ joK9NAoAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/116302464 116302464] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80099861/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77793537|Horst Helmut Klump]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77793851|Klaus Koch]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-4406 0000-0003-3845-4406] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76352178|Jacobus Conradie]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76352178|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76352178/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76785769|Nicolaas Claudius Gey van Pittius]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76785769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76785769/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18685421|Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-5080 0000-0002-9786-5080] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jYYbmqEAAAAJ jYYbmqEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27342603 27342603] | | [[File:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, West Coast Fossil Park tour.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78660593|Vinasan Naidoo]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78660593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78660593/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77795657|Carolina Koornhof]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-036X 0000-0002-8169-036X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JbJV-JcAAAAJ JbJV-JcAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77795657|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77795657/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77796013|Girish J Kotwal]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-3539 0000-0002-9925-3539] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4UVt0yUAAAAJ 4UVt0yUAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77796013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77796013/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76786831|Rob Gous]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76786831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76786831/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76787034|Amanda Gouws]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''<br/>[[umbhali]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-3944 0000-0003-1260-3944] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dxK0dqsAAAAJ dxK0dqsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2096165628883842480006 2096165628883842480006]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/44531414 44531414] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76787034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76787034/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76931424|Driekie Hay-Swemmer]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931424/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78661696|Jean B Nachenga]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78661696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78661696/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61793884|John R. N. Taylor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[USolwazi]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2093 0000-0002-9714-2093] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/64230064 64230064] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61793884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61793884/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76931737|Manfred Armin Hellberg]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47809492|Crick Lund]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-8220 0000-0002-5159-8220] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nf0cwG0AAAAJ nf0cwG0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/282940674 282940674] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47809492|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47809492/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51846346|Renfrew Christie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20826540|scholar]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/62928676 62928676] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76931931|Fred Thomas Hendricks]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931931/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78662033|Gonasageran Naidoo]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78662033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78662033/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1675344|Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>[[umbhali]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-9467 0000-0001-7008-9467] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1150577 1150577] | | [[File:Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1675344|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1675344/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80104074|Paula Watt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q104154725|plant biotechnologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-1806 0000-0002-6253-1806] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=e4Lx7rIAAAAJ e4Lx7rIAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104074|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104074/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80104194|Stefan Weiss]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104194|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104194/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1387629|George F. R. Ellis]]'' | [[umfundindalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''<br/>[[Ugqayinyanga]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-0629 0000-0001-8484-0629] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=K2h8IqwAAAAJ K2h8IqwAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109637661 109637661] | | [[File:George Ellis 0040.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79095290|Stella M. Nkomo]]'' | [[USolwazi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108929301|scholar in residence]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095290/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79383720|Samuel George Harker Philande]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383720/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79095442|Dion Nkomo]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79095442/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76788759|Kesh Govinder]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76788759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76788759/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79383865|Ian Phimister]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383865|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383865/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78663066|Luigi Renzo Nassimbeni]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78663066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78663066/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79383970|William Pick]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79383970/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80104858|Alan Weinberg]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104858|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80104858/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79384070|Jaco Pienaar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384070/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79384214|Stuart Piketh]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384214|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79384214/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80105423|Mark Charles Wentzel]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80105423|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80105423/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76934542|John Anthony Higgins]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76934542|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76934542/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4706174|Alan Bernstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9027-1558 0009-0007-9027-1558] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/16993076 16993076] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4706174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4706174/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=apDyKMgAAAAJ apDyKMgAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76935971|Michael Johan Richard Hoch]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76935971|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76935971/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8022831|Wilmot James]]'' | [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/112347314 112347314] | | [[File:Wilmot James, South African academic.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8022831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8022831/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79963775|Petro Terblanche]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-6794 0000-0003-2789-6794] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/75975312 75975312] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79963775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79963775/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39885100|Aletta E. Schutte]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937 0000-0001-9217-4937] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f1oels0AAAAJ f1oels0AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76938511|Sarah Howie]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76938511|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76938511/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76941005|Henk Huismans]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941005/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76941326|Brian John Huntley]]'' | | | | | | [[File:Brian John Huntley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941326|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941326/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76941472|Gregory Dudley Hussey]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76941472/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70021562|Michael Chapman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-8336 0000-0002-1299-8336] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B3nhLTsAAAAJ B3nhLTsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/285056306 285056306] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70021562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70021562/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61083095|Yahya E Choonara]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1529 0000-0002-3889-1529] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CjSwcTAAAAAJ CjSwcTAAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79969535|Mark Tomlinson]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79969535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79969535/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q38304462|Robert P. Millar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-2708 0000-0003-3606-2708] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/94387090 94387090] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63391384|Ernesta M Meintjes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-3632 0000-0002-0781-3632] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xl9IO9oAAAAJ xl9IO9oAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391384/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q63391519|Sunil D. Maharaj]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-2849 0000-0002-1967-2849] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2695985|Francis Wilson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[umbhali]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1227195|political economist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/110483305 110483305] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2695985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2695985/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43496916|Michael J. Samways]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-6025 0000-0003-4237-6025] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/94489949 94489949] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75935333|Ralph Adendorff]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935333|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935333/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75935715|Jimi Adesina]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-9934 0000-0002-6991-9934] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZJPKVjYAAAAJ ZJPKVjYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75935715/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79396179|Laurence Piper]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396179/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79396382|Chris Pistorius]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396382|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79396382/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57915745|Thaddeus Metz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-2408 0000-0001-9861-2408] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-iAbDVQAAAAJ -iAbDVQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/293090676 293090676] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57915745|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57915745/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79397317|Zacharias Andries Pretorius]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79397317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79397317/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71756807|Pieter Streicher Steyn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42778663|Robert J. Scholes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935 0000-0001-5537-6935] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WR7VpKUAAAAJ WR7VpKUAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/71468733 71468733] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71036026|Mohamed Iqbal Parker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30668464|Marie-Louise Newell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1074-7699 0000-0002-1074-7699] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ah5tHvAAAAAJ ah5tHvAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27240622 27240622] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30668464|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30668464/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27929667|Keyan G. Tomaselli]]'' | [[umbhali]]<br/>''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q112240529|communication teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1414443|filmmaker]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q119439006|periodical editor]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-0726 0000-0002-2995-0726] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/50433739 50433739] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27929667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27929667/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20721396|Anna-Lise Williamson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-1200 0000-0002-5467-1200] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76082950|Paul Andries Brink]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76082950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76082950/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58640036|Umezuruike Linus Opara]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8056-7215 0000-0001-8056-7215] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=eNlSO_oAAAAJ eNlSO_oAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58640036|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58640036/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39754563|Tania S. Douglas]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-4179 0000-0003-2024-4179] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39754563|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39754563/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79401740|Bernard Alexander Prior]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5628-1188 0000-0001-5628-1188] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401740|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401740/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79401813|Hugh Wynford Pritchard]]'' | | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8bTVuI8AAAAJ 8bTVuI8AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401813|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79401813/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q44080605|Arvin Bhana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-0108 0000-0003-4235-0108] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ip41gNgAAAAJ Ip41gNgAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/100813167 100813167] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44080605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44080605/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57920963|Montaz Ali]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-8146 0000-0003-0864-8146] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=h_T_9pgAAAAJ h_T_9pgAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57920963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57920963/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70607931|Nicholas Biekpe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79402317|Otto Walter Prozesky]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43071830|Pascal O Bessong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-272X 0000-0003-0561-272X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4FXKRpYAAAAJ 4FXKRpYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43071830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43071830/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sGaDPpQAAAAJ sGaDPpQAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65994373 65994373] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71041558|Nigel Charles Bennett]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58066291|Harald Winkler]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-4071 0000-0002-5826-4071] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dSxrBsMAAAAJ dSxrBsMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/292276827 292276827] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''<br/>[[USolwazi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1162163|director]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79837146|Dirk Smit]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837146/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6742987|Malegapuru William Makgoba]]'' | [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]] | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/78414868 78414868] | | [[File:MakgobaHillLecture.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6742987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6742987/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79837241|Marius Smuts]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837241|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79837241/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76955252|Nelson Ijumba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7084 0000-0002-6194-7084] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76955252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76955252/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79839311|Hendrik Christoffel Snyman]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79839311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79839311/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42067412|Helena Kuivaniemi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-8766 0000-0001-5753-8766] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/6862149108608968780000 6862149108608968780000] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42067412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42067412/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6745901|Mamokgethi Phakeng]]'' | ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-0403 0000-0002-8911-0403] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NVTI58wAAAAJ NVTI58wAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21621571 21621571] | | [[File:Mamokgethi Phakeng - Kgethi.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60377213|Louis J. Kotzé]]'' | ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-168X 0000-0001-5820-168X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_awP9R0AAAAJ _awP9R0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/100343038 100343038] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60377213|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60377213/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q48699455|Ruksana Osman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-470X 0000-0002-0779-470X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=U29GvYcAAAAJ U29GvYcAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305368366 305368366] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48699455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48699455/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79407673|Douglas Eric Rawlings]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79407673|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79407673/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42212089|Laetitia Rispel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q189603|public health]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-6331 0000-0001-7806-6331] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/11877401 11877401] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212089|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212089/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42212160|Heather Zar]]'' | [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]<br/>[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-759X 0000-0002-9046-759X] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zBfcLygAAAAJ zBfcLygAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/15152023633803310918 15152023633803310918] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42212160/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76959045|David Steve Jacobs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76959045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76959045/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q70615870|Evance Kalula]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3093 0000-0003-2299-3093] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q24049150|Adrian Paterson]]'' | [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3427-4096 0000-0003-3427-4096] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24049150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24049150/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q26211942|Catherine Odora Hoppers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-7371 0000-0001-5324-7371] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qWEKG-QAAAAJ qWEKG-QAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/23844553 23844553] | | [[File:Catherine Odora-Hoppers in 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28086200|Geoff Garrett]]'' | | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/52270408 52270408] | | [[File:Geoff Garrett CS6 270116-lg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80420066|David Randle Woods]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420066/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79122775|Jo MF Noero]]'' | ''[[:d:Q42973|architect]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79122775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79122775/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80420322|Laurence Stuart Wright]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6673651|literary scholar]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-3399 0000-0003-2988-3399] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pSphLh0AAAAJ pSphLh0AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/299549856 299549856] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420322|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420322/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80420515|Xiaohua Xia]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420515|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420515/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29961035|Rangan Gupta]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-3428 0000-0001-5002-3428] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311484094 311484094] | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29961035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29961035/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76960486|Hilary Janks]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-9623 0000-0002-9992-9623] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TG7MIK0AAAAJ TG7MIK0AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960486/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76960646|HCJ Janse van Rensburg]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960646|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76960646/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79123203|Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79123203|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79123203/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q80420751|Hong-Kun Xu]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420751|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80420751/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5019897|Calie Pistorius]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | | | [[File:Calie Pistorius.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76528517|Petra Engelbrecht]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528517|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528517/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76961155|Jonathan D. Jansen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21339000 21339000] | | [[File:Jonathan Jansen at Cornerstone 2017.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76961155|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76961155/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76528891|Patrick George Eriksson]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528891|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76528891/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56489486|William Froneman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q482980|author]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-1355 0000-0003-0615-1355] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=G5tEQu4AAAAJ G5tEQu4AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56489486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56489486/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79845832|Cristina Trois]]'' | ''[[:d:Q19377727|environmental engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-2241 0000-0003-2094-2241] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ny2OS24AAAAJ Ny2OS24AAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79845832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79845832/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76529981|Theunis Erasmus]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529981/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76529997|Arthur George Every]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529997|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76529997/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58220468|Francesco Petruccione]]'' | [[umfundindalo]]<br/>[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-0913 0000-0002-8604-0913] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chM4fT4AAAAJ chM4fT4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/51907883 51907883] | | [[File:Francesco Petruccione blazer.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q696676|Arnold van Zyl]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/557157771966848930006 557157771966848930006] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q696676|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q696676/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61104159|Duncan Mitchell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-4773 0000-0001-8989-4773] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NdpBRSMAAAAJ NdpBRSMAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79846316|Moses Basitere]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79846316|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79846316/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76530761|Jill Margaret Farrant]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530761/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76530985|Aslam Fataar]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6880-9223 0000-0002-6880-9223] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QWbmGwsAAAAJ QWbmGwsAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76530985/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55195820|Christopher D. McQuaid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-8308 0000-0002-3473-8308] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uNl9g6wAAAAJ uNl9g6wAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55195820|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55195820/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75957491|Peter Alexander]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75957491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75957491/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30111631|Keertan Dheda]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q24017632|pulmonologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-5341 0000-0001-7709-5341] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22153893603102290470 22153893603102290470] | 2019 | [[File:Professor Keertan Dheda.png|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30111631|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30111631/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71776876|Muchie Mammo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-3113 0000-0003-4831-3113] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4877592 4877592] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75959277|Christopher Charles Appleton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959277/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q42656226|Lyn-Marie Birkholtz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2905 0000-0001-5888-2905] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9M4eZYMAAAAJ 9M4eZYMAAAAJ] | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42656226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42656226/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75959947|Reinhard Richard Arndt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/218352847 218352847] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75959947/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56497085|Alan Christoffels]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-2916 0000-0002-0420-2916] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0S4EdhcAAAAJ 0S4EdhcAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56497085|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56497085/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q61110697|Jonathan Blackburn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8988-9595 0000-0001-8988-9595] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61110697|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61110697/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75960209|Lewis David Ashwal]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-9007 0000-0001-7277-9007] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2552235 2552235] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75960209|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75960209/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56065756|Shabir A. Madhi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0636 0000-0002-7629-0636] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ok2EswEAAAAJ ok2EswEAAAAJ] | | | [[File:Shabir Madhi for Fundación Civio.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79853945|Theodor John Stewart]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5955 0000-0002-2107-5955] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8wH5tTkAAAAJ 8wH5tTkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/15146153191805252771 15146153191805252771] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79133624|Cyril Thomas O’Connor]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-1317 0000-0003-3049-1317] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79133624|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79133624/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79134425|Chikwelu Larry Obi]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-2035 0000-0002-0068-2035] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/49027514 49027514] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134425|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134425/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43236424|Malcolm Collins]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2564-0480 0000-0002-2564-0480] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UJaoIYkAAAAJ UJaoIYkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/90465309 90465309] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43236424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43236424/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79134915|James Ogude]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6673651|literary scholar]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-7558 0000-0002-9734-7558] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46091896 46091896] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79134915/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79135040|Antonel Olckers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-5666 0000-0002-4974-5666] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MqwGq6MAAAAJ MqwGq6MAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135040/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79135291|Douglas William Oliver]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135291/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79135392|Gilbert Oke Martin Onwu]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79135392/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q79136108|Philip Onyebujoh]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79136108|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79136108/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75964658|Narend Baijnath]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75964658|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75964658/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7339930|Rob Adam]]'' | [[umfundindalo]] | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7339930|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7339930/missing|📖]] |- | [[Barney Pityana]] | ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>[[Usomthetho|ummeli]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-4622 0000-0003-4746-4622] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/19745919 19745919] | | [[File:Barney Pityana.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2005877|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2005877/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75965202|Yunus Ballim]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-7428 0000-0001-5764-7428] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=waHRcgYAAAAJ waHRcgYAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75965202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75965202/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57078993|Claude Carignan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''<br/>[[Ugqayinyanga]]<br/>''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-6151 0000-0001-9089-6151] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=r2_oRUMAAAAJ r2_oRUMAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/232336283 232336283] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20604661|Isabel Hofmeyr]]'' | [[umbhali]]<br/>[[USolwazi]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5Uy2EH4AAAAJ 5Uy2EH4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/80589607 80589607] | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20604661|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20604661/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41076819|David Walwyn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-0604 0000-0002-0545-0604] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0VwjoFsAAAAJ 0VwjoFsAAAAJ] | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41076819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41076819/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78416872|Chabani Manganyi]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416872/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78416981|Vincent Maphai]]'' | | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-4189 0000-0002-6103-4189] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78416981/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78417090|Bice Martincigh]]'' | | | | | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417090/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q78417226|Adrian David Marais]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78417226/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28822985|Helen Rees]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-6734 0000-0003-1442-6734] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Zoi9JkkAAAAJ Zoi9JkkAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/306342322 306342322] | | [[File:AP 150814 013(1).jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56936419|Sagadevan Govindasamy Mundree]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-9250 0000-0002-4119-9250] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56936419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56936419/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15127748|Nicoli Nattrass]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-5631 0000-0002-8422-5631] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XAekuekAAAAJ XAekuekAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/17279535 17279535] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15127748|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15127748/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/9379653 9379653] | 2005 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55207368|Vanessa Watson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q91400171|planning theorist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131062|urban planner]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9965-6891 0000-0001-9965-6891] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Cc-drkAAAAAJ Cc-drkAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109342570 109342570] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207368/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76400607|Mark Cotton]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76400607|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76400607/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76544846|Stephanus Ferreira]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544846|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544846/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76544856|Loretta Feris]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16012028|legal scholar]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-8991 0000-0002-3952-8991] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ufwS2I4AAAAJ ufwS2I4AAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544856|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76544856/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q41800121|Johannes Wolfgang Fedderke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41800121|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41800121/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76401280|Robin Michael Crewe]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401280|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401280/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17579989|Glenda Gray]]'' | [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-5774 0000-0002-9510-5774]<br/>[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477 0000-0003-4649-1477] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/7933149919450906650009 7933149919450906650009] | | [[File:Glenda Gray SA.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76545679|John Field]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76545679|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76545679/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76401538|Dennis Martin Davis]]'' | ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401538|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401538/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76401656|Christian Rudolph de Beer]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401656|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401656/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76401845|Tilman Dedering]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401845|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401845/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76401978|John Wesley de Gruchy]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401978|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76401978/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76546145|Brian Figaji]]'' | ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-7017 0000-0002-2492-7017] | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76546145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76546145/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76402037|Deon de Beer]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402037|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402037/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76402078|Cristiaan de Jager]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402078|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402078/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76402308|Erika de Wet]]'' | | | | | 2018 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76402308/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55209372|Christian Pirk]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-7044 0000-0001-6821-7044] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gmvFylEAAAAJ gmvFylEAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75969884|Ahmed C. Bawa]]'' | [[umfundindalo]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-5295 0000-0002-5889-5295] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pcgmSn4AAAAJ pcgmSn4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/249897491 249897491] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7777608|Thebe Medupe]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]] | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0413-6071 0000-0003-0413-6071] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1693149198285874940007 1693149198285874940007] | | [[File:Prof Thebe Medupe 330x220.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7777608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7777608/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75970799|Solomon Benatar]]'' | | | | | 1997 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75970799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75970799/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22340726|Jennifer Thomson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-0357 0000-0002-2243-0357] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TmyuyVYAAAAJ TmyuyVYAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/54380859 54380859] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60834357|Brian Warner]]'' | [[Ugqayinyanga]]<br/>[[umbhali]]<br/>''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/109805982 109805982] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q39064731|Catriona Ida Macleod]]'' | ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-3525 0000-0003-0992-3525] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VC911HsAAAAJ VC911HsAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/107952396 107952396] | | [[File:Catriona ida macleod 2024 2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39064731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39064731/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q40651155|Bavesh D. Kana]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9713-3480 0000-0001-9713-3480] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IEWP86MAAAAJ IEWP86MAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40651155|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40651155/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56798544|Karen J Hofman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-7220 0000-0001-9512-7220] | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8276162669509255500005 8276162669509255500005] | 2017 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56798544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56798544/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/273180719 273180719] | | [[File:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]] | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60980171|Eric Bateman]]'' | | | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tlz4ljIAAAAJ tlz4ljIAAAAJ] | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60980171|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60980171/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20756981|Peter Vale]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-9325 0000-0003-0805-9325] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-oLobmUAAAAJ -oLobmUAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39521399 39521399] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71649506|Francis B. Nyamnjoh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-8874 0000-0002-4702-8874] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ohr8cwUAAAAJ Ohr8cwUAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1454149198360374940001 1454149198360374940001]<br/>[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/19657109 19657109] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q77705176|Colin Kenyon]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77705176|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77705176/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q75975187|G Michael Berger]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75975187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75975187/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]'' | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5765350|Himla Soodyall]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]'' | | | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/48984131 48984131] | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5765350|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5765350/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q76120757|Basil Brooke]]'' | | | | | | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76120757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76120757/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q64876396|Genevieve Langdon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]'' | [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-9787 0000-0002-0396-9787] | [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VUJsNCAAAAAJ VUJsNCAAAAAJ] | [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/264171184898747771881 264171184898747771881] | 2019 | | [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876396/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} f57s9o87jqi9igs5q9xil7pli9tq031 2 12663 129863 127401 2026-09-27T16:59:25Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 129863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q974. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q2945676|Nganda hospital center]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | {{Coord|-4.3542|15.2658|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3145137|Biamba Marie Mutombo Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | {{Coord|-4.39134|15.3813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3145162|hôpital Gécamines Sud]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | {{Coord|-11.6754|27.4654|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3145339|Hôpital général de Ndjili]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | {{Coord|-4.40369|15.3741|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64576110|Heal Africa]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107289915|Saint Joseph Hospital (Kinshasa)]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107308656|Hôpital général de référence de Kabondo]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107355892|hôpital général de référence de Lubunga]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140505800|Zone de santé rural d'idjwi]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140506068|Hôpital général de référence de Monvu]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140506069|Provincial General Reference Hospital of Bukavu]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131781680|Béthel hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Beni, Khongo-Kinshasa]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q96057016|Bukavu General Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Bukavu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q140996118|Centre Hospitalier Kyaghala]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Butembo]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131400766|Hôpital provincial du Nord-kivu]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Goma, Khongo-Kinshasa]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3145337|Kinshasa General Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | {{Coord|-4.30904|15.3057|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7132053|Panzi Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | {{Coord|-2.543278|28.867889|display=inline}} | [[File:PanziHospital.png|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q16642763|L'hôpital du Cinquantenaire de Kinshasa]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | {{Coord|-4.340861|15.2965|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q54365967|Centre Hospitalier Monkole]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | {{Coord|-4.425278|15.285472|display=inline}} | [[File:Monkole Neonato.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q107303106|Hôpital Général de Référence de Matete]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107737227|Clinique Kinoise]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107745623|Centre Hospitalier Monkele]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Kinshasa|i-Kinshasa]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3321611|Mont Ngafula]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q118967342|Lemera Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | ''[[:d:Q3229313|Lemera]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3145232|Sendwe hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Lubumbashi]] | {{Coord|-11.671389|27.488056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131687321|Maternité Sans Risque de Kindu]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Maniema]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578559|Hôpital général de référence de Beni]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578640|Cliniques Universitaires du Graben]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578746|Hôpital général de référence de Katwa]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578782|Hôpital général de Référence Secondaire de Matanda]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578812|Cliniques Universelle]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131578849|Centre hospitalier Karl Becker]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131579056|Centre hospitalier Adventiste de Muthiri]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605058|Lwanzo hospital center]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605094|C.B.CA Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605109|Clinique La brèche]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605133|Centre hospitalier Wanamahika]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605175|Clinique La Merveille]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131605227|Centre hospitalier Masiki]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131781786|Hospital center Wahanahika]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[North Kivu]]<br/>[[Butembo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2927930|Bulengera]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q119854107|Uvira General Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]] | [[Uvira]] | {{Coord|-3.3912|29.139|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 0clgcutbfbzhcawexpgc2havy0uvyti 0 29075 129908 93149 2026-09-28T11:57:48Z Luhleza 27381 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 129908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UTapiwa Mufudza''' (owazalwa ngomhlaka 20 Septhemba 1990) ungumdlali wekhilikithi [[IZimbabwe|waseZimbabwe]]. Mufudza bekulokhu off-wesipina kusukela Wayesethatha umdlalo Mbizi Primary School Highfield, Harare.Wayedlala ngokuba Takashinga Cricket Club [[IHarare|eHarare]] ngaphambi kokuba ukubuthwa Mountaineers. Udlale imidlalo yakhe yokuqala yeMountaineers ngo-2011-12, futhi wazimisa eceleni ngo-2012-13, ngesikhathi ethatha amawikhethi ayi-13 ngokwesilinganiso esingu-14.92 ukuhola ama-bowling asezingeni lokuqala.Emdlalweni weLogan Cup neSouthern Rocks ushaye ama-39 eshaya kunombolo 10, wabe esethatha amabili ngo-46 no-5 ngo-27 ekunqobeni ama-run ayi-116.Kowamanqamu womqhudelwano we-T20 waseZimbabwe neMashonaland Eagles uvule iblingling wathatha u-4 kwaba ngu-14.Abadlali bezintaba bawine lo mdlalo futhi yena wawina nendondo yomdlalo womdlalo. Udlale iCookham Dean kuThames Valley Cricket League ngo-2014, ethatha amawikhethi angama-80 ngesilinganiso esingu-14.86 nokwenza ama-run angu-499 kuma-27.72. Ku-Logan Cup ngoDisemba 2014 uthathe ama-7 kwabangu-31 kwi-innings yesibili bedlala neMid West Rhinos, kufaka phakathi amawikhethi okuqala ayisithupha ukuwa, ukuqinisekisa ukunqoba kwe-Mountaineers.NgoJanuwari 2015 wadlala imidlalo emibili yama-over amabili kwiZimbabwe A bedlala neCanada, ethatha amawikhethi amabili ngama-run angama-56 kuma-over angu-20.Ngasekupheleni kwenyanga leyo, evula i-bowling emdlalweni we- List A neMashonaland Eagles, uthathe u-4 kwabangu-28. NgoDisemba 2020, wakhethwa ukuthi ayodlalela i-Eagles ku- 2020-21 Logan Cup .Ngo-Ephreli 2021, uMufudza waqokwa eqenjini laseZimbabwe emdlalweni wabo weTwenty20 International (T20I) nePakistan. == Izixhumanisi zangaphandle == * [http://www.espncricinfo.com/zimbabwe/content/player/453321.html Tapiwa Mufudza] eCricinfo * [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/963/963120/963120.html Tapiwa Mufudza] kuCricketArchive * [http://www.zimcricket.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=636:snippet-of-the-day-tapiwa-mufudza&Itemid=152 "Amazwibela oSuku: Tapiwa Mufudza"] [[Category:Abantu baphilayo]] [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1990]] [[Category:Abadlali bekhilikithi baseZimbabwe]] [[Category:Abadlala ikhilikithi]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b7wx4qk8zokd4tarqkyqssn1ctxk1xf 0 30943 129907 100400 2026-09-28T11:57:05Z Luhleza 27381 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 129907 wikitext text/x-wiki ikhala lenkinobho yenkanyezi yokuphupha {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |ikhala lenkinobho yenkanyezi yokuphupha |- !uhlobo |iphupho |- ! colspan="2" |izithombe |- !umdlalo wesikrini |Tomoko Komparu , Hideo Takayashiki , Kenji Terada , Keiji Terui |- !Ukwakhiwa Kwezinhlamvu |Shigeru Yamamoto |- !umculo |Kouhei Tanaka |- !Ukukhiqizwa kwezithombe ezinyakazayo |I-Top Craft <small>(ukubambisana kokukhiqiza, okungezona isikweletu)</small> |- !Ukukhiqiza |I-Asahi Broadcasting , i-Sanrio |- !Umsakazi |Uchungechunge lwe-TV Asahi |- !Isikhathi sokusakaza |Okthoba 19 , 1985 - Ephreli 26, 1986 |- !inani leziqephu |26 iziqephu |- | colspan="2" |isifanekiso - notebook |- !iphrojekthi |izithombe |- !Iphothali |izithombe |} " '''Yume no Hoshi no Button Nose''' " (Yume no Hoshi no Button Nose) iwumdlalo we-anime  osakazwa ku -TV Asahi kusukela ngo -Okthoba 19, 1985 kuya ku -April 26 , 1986 . Ididiyelwe ngokuhlanganyela yi- Asahi Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) kanye no -Sanrio . Izikhala zokusakaza zikhona njalo ngoMgqibelo kusukela ngo-19:00 kuya ku-19:30 ( JST ). Iziqephu ezingama-26 sezizonke. Upopayi wokuqala we-TV ka-Sanrio  , i-anime equkethe umlingiswa ka-Sanrio ethi '''Button Nose njengomlingiswa oyinhloko.''' Ezilungiselelweni ezisemthethweni ze-Sanrio, igama langempela le-Button Nose ngu-Trish, kodwa ku-anime, yi-Button Nose, hhayi u-Trish. Ividiyo ngokwayo yayisivele yaqedwa ngo  1983 , kodwa kwaba ngemva kweminyaka emibili lapho yavezwa khona ngempela kumabonakude . == Amazwibela == Intombazane eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala ehlala e-Strawberry Research Institute, i-Button Nose iyinzalo yomndeni wasebukhosini waseFukland Kingdom emhlabeni iCalitontou. Ngolunye usuku, lapho evakashele i-Planet Calitontou, umalume wakhe, inkosi, uDuke Fastener, wazuza isihlalo sobukhosi. I-Buttonnose, eyaba yinkosi yoMbuso WaseHookland kanjalo , izochitha izinsuku ezimnandi eMbusweni WaseHookland == abalingiswa == * Ikhala lenkinobho - Miyuki Muroi  (okwamanje ngu-Sanae Miyuki) * Franklin - Masagoro * Thika u-Tac Bon - u-Akira Kamiya * I-Fastener Duke - Yanami Jouji * I-Flower Prince - Shinobu Adachi * Grand Chamberlain - Hiroshi Otake * Isiqeshana -Kazue Komiya * Amacici - Rei Sakuma == abasebenzi == * Ukuhlela nokusalungiswa: Atsushi Tomioka  (Sanrio) * Abakhiqizi: Shinji Nabeshima (Asahi Broadcasting), Tsunemasa Hatano (Sanrio) * Umqondisi Omkhulu: Masami Hata * Idizayini yoqobo yomlingiswa: Masayo Hirose * Idizayini yohlamvu nokuqondisa komdwebo: Shigeru Yamamoto * Imidwebo yasekuqaleni: Miwako Hattori, Etsuko Hamada, Kaoru Nakajima, Haruko Onishi, Nobuaki Wakabayashi, Masato Kimura, Masahiro Yoshida, Takashi Watabe, Mitsuhiro Yamada, Gaku Miyao, Yukiya Senda, Tomihiko Okubo, Mitsuru Hosoya , nabanye * Ividiyo: Sachiko Yoneyama, Ikuichi Ito, Yukie Takahashi, Kiyoko Saito, Kiyo Mizutani, Junko Amano, Masako Sakano, Hiroko Masutani, nabanye * Isilungiselelo sobuciko: Yukio Abe * Umqondisi Wezobuciko: Kazutoshi Shimizu * Izithombe: Teruo Abe, Kenji Noda, Koichi Okuda, Hiroyasu Omoto, nabanye * Ukuhlela: Tomoko Kida * Umculo: Kohei Tanaka * Umqondisi Womsindo: Etsushi Yamada * Imiphumela yomsindo: Mitsuru Kashiwabara * Ubuchwepheshe bokuqopha: Tsugio Nakatogawa * Umdidiyeli Womsindo: Yasuo Urakami * Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-Acoustic: Ukuhlela [[Umsindo]] Wena * Ukuthuthukiswa: IMAGICA * Umphathi wokukhiqiza: Seiichiro Narikawa * Inqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza: Shoji Muronaga, Naofumi Yamauchi, Yoshitaka Fujimoto , Naoyuki Oshikiri, nabanye * Ukubambisana kokukhiqiza: I-Top Craft (*Non-credit kukhredithi yefilimu) * Ukukhiqizwa: I-Asahi Broadcasting, i-Sanrio * [[Umbhali]]: Sanrio Co., Ltd. (*Non-credit on film credit) 5for0hcka8xz88e09td2x9c5ru2ax5g 2 32892 129892 129110 2026-09-28T07:44:19Z Fongcwele 16873 Replaced content with "==Amaphatho==" 129892 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Amaphatho== da3ytmdipryf7mwfi458jtjo0gpspo4 2 33749 129831 129616 2026-09-27T12:28:25Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 6 129831 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] Draft 7- Draft 8 Draft 9- Draft 10 Draft 11- Draft 12 Draft 13-Draft 14 Draft 15-Draft 16 Draft 17 4r8ctqwrsw6hhf281ghgilke8bi99fo 129835 129831 2026-09-27T12:44:36Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 7 129835 wikitext text/x-wiki Igama lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] [[Intuhu|Draft 7]]- Draft 8 Draft 9- Draft 10 Draft 11- Draft 12 Draft 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tv99p1958nduwwu2c06u3xniuzqea8f 129849 129847 2026-09-27T14:09:02Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 12 129849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Igama]] lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] [[Intuhu|Draft 7]]- [[Insele|Draft 8]] [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Draft 9-]] [[Udlamhloswana|Draft 10]] [[Iwula|Draft 11]]- [[Imbila|Draft 12]] Draft 13-Draft 14 Draft 15-Draft 16 Draft 17 0gk5a3nliaybubwdfto5pqa1yi2wp3a 129852 129849 2026-09-27T14:29:38Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 13 129852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Igama]] lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] [[Intuhu|Draft 7]]- [[Insele|Draft 8]] [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Draft 9-]] [[Udlamhloswana|Draft 10]] [[Iwula|Draft 11]]- [[Imbila|Draft 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esimagobolondo|Draft 9-]] [[Udlamhloswana|Draft 10]] [[Iwula|Draft 11]]- [[Imbila|Draft 12]] [[Imamba|Draft 13]]-[[Inhlwathi|Draft 14]] [[Ubhejane|Draft 15-]]Draft 16 Draft 17 c307gtr7ixii96044clbapjzag87s2l 129859 129857 2026-09-27T15:00:59Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 16 129859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Igama]] lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] [[Intuhu|Draft 7]]- [[Insele|Draft 8]] [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Draft 9-]] [[Udlamhloswana|Draft 10]] [[Iwula|Draft 11]]- [[Imbila|Draft 12]] [[Imamba|Draft 13]]-[[Inhlwathi|Draft 14]] [[Ubhejane|Draft 15-]][[Indabushe|Draft 16]] Draft 17 kldjjvfdk1fngofuobzixfxxq7yghhi 129861 129859 2026-09-27T15:12:25Z Mhlungwane 25499 finishing draft 17 129861 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Igama]] lami u Mhlungwane [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 1|Draft 1]]- [[User:Mhlungwane/Draft 2|Draft 2]] [[Inyala|Draft 3]]- [[Inkukhama|Draft 4]] [[Impofu|Draft 5]]- [[Impala|Draft 6]] [[Intuhu|Draft 7]]- [[Insele|Draft 8]] [[Isambane esimagobolondo|Draft 9-]] [[Udlamhloswana|Draft 10]] [[Iwula|Draft 11]]- [[Imbila|Draft 12]] [[Imamba|Draft 13]]-[[Inhlwathi|Draft 14]] [[Ubhejane|Draft 15-]][[Indabushe|Draft 16]] [[Izinyosi|Draft 17]] 6lvzzdg3jasjlcdn5dt4fvc6nxcbfic 0 34599 129887 125530 2026-09-28T06:36:57Z 0607206833h 25448 okuhleliwe 129887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umjikelezo w[[amanzi]]''' uhlanganisa ushintsho oluqhubekayo lwesimo samanzi, ngaphezulu nangaphansi kobuso [[UMhlaba|umhlaba]] ngaphesheya kwemithombo ehlukahlukene. [[Umhwamuko wamanzi|Isisu]] samanzi eMhlabeni sihlala singaguquguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi abe yizindawo ezinkulu [[iqhwa]], amanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi anosawoti,a[[Umoyambulunga|manzi omkhathi]] kuyahlukahluka futhi kuncike ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Amanzi asuka kwelinye ithange aye kwelinye, njengasuka emfuleni aye olwandle, noma asuka olwandle aye emkhathini ngenxa yezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Izinqubo ezibangela lokhu kunyakaza, noma ukugeleza, Ukuhwamuka, ukujuluka, ukuqina, [[Ukuna|imvula]], ukuvuvukala, ukungena, ukugeleza kwangaphansi komhlaba nokugeleza kwangaphansi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amanzi ahamba ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene uketshezi, iqinile kanye nomhwamuko. [[Ulwandlekazi|ulwandle]] ludlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wamanzi njengoba luwumthombo we-86% yokuhwamuka komhlaba wonke. Umjikelezo wamanzi ushukunyiswa ukushintshana kwamandla ngendlela yokudlulisa ukushisa phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene. Amandla akhishwayo noma adonswa ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesigaba angaphumela ekushintsheni kwamazinga okushisa. Ukushisa kumuncwa njengoba amanzi esuka oketshezini aye esigabeni sesitimu ngokuhwamuka. Lokhu kushisa kwaziwa nangokuthi ukushisa okufihlekile kokuhwamuka.<ref>{{Citation|title=Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations (Second Edition)|page=27–40|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho amanzi ehlangana noma ancibilika eqhweni eliqinile ikhipha amandla nokushisa. Ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke, amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliseleni ukushisa kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya emaphethelweni olwandle ngokujikeleza. Isigaba somjikelezo sokushisa sisebenza futhi njengenqubo yokuhlanza ngokuhlukanisa amanqamuzana amanzi usawoti nezinye izinhlayiya ezikhona esigabeni sawo uketshezi. Isigaba sokugeleza komoya osemkhathini sigcwalisa umhlaba ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ukugeleza kwamanzi oketshezi kuthutha amaminerali emhlabeni wonke, Iphinde ibumbe izici zokuma komhlaba zomhlaba, ngezinqubo zesimo sezulu, [[Ukuguguleka|ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi]] kanye nokulahla. Umjikelezo wamanzi ubalulekile futhi ekunakekeleni izinto eziningi eziphilayo kanye nemvelo eplanethini. [[Category:Amanzi]] qi3qrt4hi7mn5isuhdspaxd5k8ohuo2 0 34652 129885 125673 2026-09-28T05:03:35Z 0607206833h 25448 draft1 129885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Isobho''''' ngokuyinhloko liwukudla okuwuketshezi, ngokuvamile ukudliwa kufudumele noma kushisa nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kudliwa kupholile kwenziwa ngokupheka noma ngokuhlanganisa inyama noma imifino nesitoko, ubisi noma amanzi. Ngokusho kwe-Oxford Companion to Food, isobho liyigama eliyinhloko lezokudla okunambitheka oketshezi ezinye zihlanganisa isobho, I-bisque, i-consommé, i-potté nokunye okuningi.     Ukuqina kwesobho kuyahlukahluka kusuka kokuncane kuya kokugqinsi amanye amasobho alula futhi alula amanye makhulu kangangokuthi afinyelela ekubeni isobho. Amasobho angaba mnandi. Amasobho aye enziwa kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando futhi aye ashintsha emakhulwini eminyaka. Amasobho okuqala ayenziwa ngezinhlamvu namakhambi kamuva, kwanezelwa ubhontshisi, eminye imifino, inyama noma inhlanzi. Ekuqaleni, ''ama-sops'' ayebhekisela ezingcezu zesinkwa ezimbozwe uketshezi olunambithekayo kancane, kancane igama elithi ''isobho'' ladluliselwa kulolu ketshezi ngokwalo. Amasobho avamile ekudleni kwawo wonke amazwekazi futhi aye adliwa emabuthweni kanye nasemakhaya abalimi. '''Izinkomba''' jm47q65zfqqeafcgc1pokj5phqqvq0g 0 34992 129867 129664 2026-09-27T18:31:27Z Mhlengukhona 25426 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376649065|Leopard]]" 129867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ingwe''' ('''''''I-Panthera'' pardus''''') ingenye ye[[Umqhinqo|zinhlobo]] ezinhlanu zamakati ezisekhona ohlotsheni lwePanthera. Inoboya obuphuzi obupholile ibuye ibe nobumnyama nobusayigolide namabala amnyama ahlanganiswe ngAma-rosette. Umzimba wayo mncane futhi unemisipha, ufinyelela ubude obungu-92-183 nomsila omude ongamasentimitha angu-66-102 (26-40 nokuphakama kwehlombe okungu-60-70 . Amaduna ngokuvamile anesisindo samakhilogremu angu-30.9-72 (68-159 , futhi abesifazane bamakhilogramu angu-20.5-43 (45-95 . Ingwe yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1758, futhi izinhlobo eziningana zahlongozwa ngekhulu le-19 nele-20. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ziqashelwa ezindaweni ezibanzi e-[[IAfrika|I-Afrika]] nase-[[I-Eshiya|I-Asia]]. Yaqala ukuvela e-Afrika ngesikhathi se-I-Pleistocene Yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuthuthela e-Eurasia ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-Plestocene yokuqala. Izingwe zazikhona ngaphambilini kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa zaphela esifundeni ngasekupheleni kwePleistocene Yokugcina-ekuqaleni kweHolocene. nae72t9hj8kfxulguooxwbyfu9wsuyu 129881 129867 2026-09-28T03:36:16Z Fongcwele 16873 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Mhlengukhona|Mhlengukhona]] ([[User talk:Mhlengukhona|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Dominik aus Wien|Dominik aus Wien]] 129664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingwe''' ''(Panthera pardus) ingenye [[Umqhinqo|izinhlobo]] ezinhlanu zamakati ezisekhona ohlotsheni lwePanthera. Inoboya obuphuzi obupholile kuya kobumnyama obuyigolide namabala amnyama ahlanganiswe ngama-rosette. Umzimba wayo mncane futhi unemisipha, ufinyelela ubude obungu 92-183 nomsila omude ongamasentimitha angu 66-102 (26-40 ) nokuphakama kwehlombe okungu 60-70. Amaduna ngokuvamile anesisindo samakhilogremu angu 30.9-72 (68-159), futhi abesifazane bamakhilogramu angu 20.5-43 (45-95lb).'' Ingwe yachazwa okokuqala ngo 1758, futhi izinhlobo eziningana zahlongozwa ngekhulu le 19 nele 20. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ziqashelwa ezindaweni ezibanzi e-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] nase-[[I-Eshiya|Asia]]. Yaqala ukuvela e-Afrika ngesikhathi se-Pleistocene yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuthuthela e-Eurasia ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwe-Plestocene yokuqala. Izingwe zazikhona ngaphambilini kulo lonke elas[[IYurophu|eYurophu]], kodwa zaphela esifundeni ngasekupheleni kwePleistocene Yokugcina ekuqaleni kwe-Holocene. Ingwe iyazivumelanisa nezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezisukela emahlathini emvula kuya emathafeni, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezomile nezisezintabeni. Iyisilwane esizingelayo, ngokuyinhloko izilwane ezinama ungulate n[[Ezibuchophokhulu|ama primate]]. Ithembele emdwebweni wayo onamabala ukuze icashe njengoba ihamba futhi iqamekele isisulu sayo, ngezinye izikhathi idonsa isihlahla. Isilwane esihlala sodwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana nalapho sikhulisa amawundlu. Izinsikazi zivame ukuzala amazinyane angu 2-4 kanye ezinyangeni ezingu 15-24. Zombili izingwe yesilisa neyesifazane zivame ukufinyelela Ukuvuthwa ngokobulili eminyakeni engu 2-2.5. Ibhalwe njenge Vulnerable ku IUCN Red List, inani lezingwe njengamanje zisongelwa Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokuhlukaniswa, futhi lincipha ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke. Izingwe zike zaba nezindima zamasiko e-Greece yasendulo, eNtshonalanga Afrika nasemasikweni esimanje aseNtshonalanga. Izikhumba zengwe zithandwa emfashinini. == Umsuka == The English name "leopard" comes from Old French {{Lang|fro|leupart}} or Middle French {{Lang|frm|liepart}}, that derives from [[ILatin|Latin]] {{Lang|la|leopardus}} and ancient Greek {{Lang|grc|λεόπαρδος}} (leopardos). Leopardos could be a compound of {{Lang|grc|λέων}} (leōn), meaning 'lion', and {{Lang|grc|πάρδος}} (pardos), meaning 'spotted'.<ref name="lewis">{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=C. T. |author-link=Charlton Thomas Lewis |year=1879 |title=A Latin Dictionary |last2=Short |first2=C. |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=1069 |chapter=lěǒpardus |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61236/page/n1069 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref name="liddell">{{Cite book |last=Liddell |first=H. G. |author-link=Henry Liddell |year=1889 |title=A Greek–English Lexicon |last2=Scott |first2=R. |author-link2=Robert Scott (philologist) |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=884 |chapter=λέο-πάρδος |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/greekenglishlex00liddrich/page/884 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Partridge |first=E. |author-link=Eric Partridge |year=1983 |title=Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English |url=https://archive.org/details/originsshortetym0000part/page/349 |publisher=Greenwich House |isbn=978-0-517-41425-5 |location=New York |page=349}}</ref> The word {{Lang|drc|λεόπαρδος}} originally referred to a cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholas |first=N. |year=1999 |title=A conundrum of cats: pards and their relatives in Byzantium |journal=[[Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies]] |volume=40 |pages=253–298 |s2cid=56160515}}</ref> aby08ky2p8j1jwto6lz60omvhk3r0wq 0 35106 129888 127927 2026-09-28T06:56:27Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370514147|Bus]]" 129888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ibhasi''' (eliqashwe nge-omnibus, enezinhlobo z'''Amabhasi amaningi''', i-motorbus, i-bus, njll.) [[imoto]] ethwala abagibeli abaningi kakhulu kunemoto evamile noma i-van, kodwa encane kunokuhamba kwesitimela okuvamile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni noma ezintweni zokuhamba zomphakathi, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa ngezinhloso ze-charter, noma ngobunikazi obuzimele kakhulu. Nakuba amabhasi ngokuvamile nje ethwala abagibeli abaphakathi kuka-30 no-100, amanye amabhasi anendawo yokuhlala abagibeli abangu-300.<ref name="Jongo News">{{Cite news |date=15 March 2007 |title=China's longest bus unveiled in Shanghai |url=http://news.jongo.com/articles/07/0315/9180/OTE4MAmXAYhbF0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930181821/http://news.jongo.com/articles/07/0315/9180/OTE4MAmXAYhbF0.html |archive-date=30 September 2011 |publisher=Jongo.com}}</ref> Uhlobo oluvame ukubonakala isikhathi esiningi ibhasi eliqinile elinesitezi esisodwa, elinesiteji esibili futhi elihlanganisiwe elithwala imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu, kanye nama-midibuses nama-minibus athwala imithwalo emincane. Amabhasi asetshenziselwa izinkonzo ezihamba ibanga elide. Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhasi avamile, njengamabhasi okuhamba edolobheni kanye namabhasi ahamba phakathi kwedolobha nawo akhona, akhokha intengo ephansi nephezulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhasi, njengamabhasi esikole samabanga aphansi noma samabanga aphakeme noma amabhasi ahamba ngezinyawo ngaphakathi kwekamu lemfundo yangemva kwesikole samabanga amabili, mahhala. Ezindaweni eziningi lapho, Abashayeli bamabhasi besuke bedinga ilayisensi enkulu yezimoto ngaphezu kwelayisensi yokushayela ejwayelekile ngoba kusuke kudingeka umshayeli ozokwazi ukuqhuba kahle ibhasi. Amabhasi futhi angasetshenziselwa ukuthutha amabhasi okuhleliwe, ukuthutha ama-bus,kanye ukuthutha kwesikole,kanti futhi ukuqashwa okuzimele, noma ezokuvakasha; amabhasi okukhangisa wona angasetshenziselwa Imikhankaso yezombusazwe futhi amanye asetshenziselwa izinhloso eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izimoto zokuvakasha ze-rock ne-pop band. Amabhasi adonswa amahhashi wona asetshenziswa kusukela ngawo-1820, alandelwa kanjalo futhi asebenza Amabhasi ngesitimu ngawo-1830, nama-trolleybus kagesi ngo-1882. Amabhasi okuqala wona anezinjini zangaphakathi, noma amabhasi anezinjini, asetshenziswa ngo-1895.<ref name="Eckermann2001">{{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLZeQwqNmdgC&pg=PA687|title=World History of the Automobile|first=Erik|last=Eckermann|publisher=SAE|year=2001|isbn=9780768008005|pages=67–68|access-date=6 October 2013}}</ref> Muva nje isithakazelo besilokhu sikhula emabhasini kagesi, amabhasi e-fuel cell, namabhasi kagesi, kanye namabhasi aphehlwa ngegesi yemvelo noma I-biodiesel. Kusukela ngawo-2010 Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhasi kuyanda emhlabeni wonke jikelele, nemiklamo efanayo evela emhlabeni wonke. 4hk0v9f518edyg7g1agoj3fsi1skx5z 0 35153 129839 129213 2026-09-27T12:58:38Z Fongcwele 16873 129839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tradition_en_République_du_Congo_02.jpg|thumb|Imvunulo yomdabu eyingxenye yinkambiso yaseKhongo]] '''Inkambiso''' (noma '''umdabuko''') iwuhlelo [[Inkolelo|lwezinkolelo]] noma ukuziphatha (isiko lomdabu) efundiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu labantu noma umphakathi enomqondo ongokomfanekiso noma ukubaluleka okukhethekile okusukela emandulo.<ref name="Green1997">{{Cite book |last=Thomas A. Green |year=1997 |title=Folklore: an encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, music, or art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7Wfhws3dFAC&pg=PA800 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-986-1 |page=800}}</ref> Isigcoyi zokuvezwa kwesiko nezinganekwane, sinezibonelo ezivamile ezihlanganisa [[Umvalo|imivalo]] (imikhosi) noma izingubo ezingagqokwa njalo kodwa ezibalulekile emphakathini (njengebheshu noma ungiyane), kodwa lo mbono uphinde usebenze lapho kukhulunywa ngenjwayelo yezenhlalo [[Ukuziphatha|nokuziphatha]] okunjengokubingelela. Izinkambiso zingaphikelela futhi ziguquke phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Igama elithi ''inkambiso'' ngokwalo livela egameni eliyisenzo sesiZulu esithi hambisa ngokwezwi nezwi esisho 'ukwenza okuthile kuhambe, kugobhoze kuqhubeke ngendlela ethile'. Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi izinkambiso zinomlando wasendulo, izinkambiso eziningi zasungulwa ngebomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elombusazwe noma elingokwesiko, ezinkarhini ezimfushane zesikhathi. Uqeqesho oluhlukahlukene lakwangqondonkulu nalo lusebenzisa leli gama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inkulumo ethi "ngokwenkambiso" noma "ngokwesiko" ngokuvamile isho ukuthi lokho okulandelayo kwadluliswa ngomlomo futhi akunasisekelo (futhi kungase kuphikiswe) nobufakazi obuqinile. Lapha, elithi "inkambiso" lichaza umthombo noma isimo sokwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Ngokwenkambiso, uMvelinqangi wavela kuqala, kodwa konke okunye kwadala nguye. Iveza ukuthi lenkambiso akululanga ukuyiqinisekisa noma ukuyiphikisa. Esinye isibonelo sithi, "INkosi u-Arthur, ngokusho komlando, uyinkosi yeqiniso yaseBrithani, ngokomlando, wagqugquzela izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo". Ukuthi lenkulumo isekelwa ubufakazi noma cha akunciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo njengomlando ongokwesiko noma unucikomazwi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tradition Definition & Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition|website=The Britannica Dictionary|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|quote=According to tradition, the goddess lies sleeping beneath the mountain.}}</ref> Izinkambiso ziyizihlokondaba zokufunda emikhakheni eminingana yakwangwondonkulu, ikakhulukazi [[Ezoluntu|kwezoluntu]] nenzululwazi yezenhlalo, kuhlanganisa [[Umchazaluntu|nomchazaluntu]], ezemivubukulo, umlando, kanye [[Umchazanhlalo|nomchazanhlalo]]. Umqondomsuka othi inkambiso, uyisicabango sokubambelela esikhathini esedlule, uyatholakala futhi enkulumweni yezombusazwe [[Injulalwazi|nenjulalwazi]]. Ngokwesibonelo, uyisisekelo somqondo wezombusazwe womyamuva wenkambiso (''traditionalism conservativism''), kanye naahlelo ezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba kufaka phakathi ubuKhatolika obungokwenkambiso . Ezindaweni zobuciko, inkambiso isetshenziselwa ukunquma imiboniso efanele yohlobo lobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqhogoyweni kweminxa yendabuko (njengomdanso wendabuko), ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezilawula ukuthi uhlobo lobuciko kufanele luqanjwe kanjani kunindima ebaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okuthandwa ngumqhogoyi. Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela ukulahleka kwenkambiso, ezihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwezimboni, ukumbulungisa uhwebo, kanye nokuphokothelwa noma Ukucwaswa kwamaqembu amasiko athile. Ekusabeleni kulokhu, imizamo yokulondoloza inkambiso kanye nemiklamo eqaliwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlozinge ezicini ezifana [[Izilimi|nezilimi]] zendabuko. Inkambiso ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomgomo wesimanje futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinkambo, amagume, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], izinjwayelo, izimpikelelwana, iziqondiso nemibono efanayo. ==Incasiselo== [[File:Indian historical Traditional drama( In stage performance -1).jpg|thumb|Traditional dress and arts, such as in this performance of Traditional Hindi Drama -- the performance of tradition through [[folklore]], reinforces the stories and memory reinforces the concept of tradition, and its importance in local communities.]] Igama lesiZulu elithi ''inkambiso'' livela esenzweni esithi ''hambisa'', esisho indlela Izinto ezihanjiswa ngayo, zenziwe ngayo. Leyo ndlela luvame ukuba eyomdabuko, ingakho kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza elithi umdabuko noma umdabu lapho kukhulunywa ngezinkambiso. Elinye igama elihobne ngelithi inkambo (custom), noma imhbo, womabili anomsuka wegama elinomsuka wegama hambisa elithi hamba. Ukuhlobama kwalamgama kwenza asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa uluchaza inkambiso kuba ngelithi isiko, nelithi umkhuba. Isisazthu esenza lamagama asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana ukuthi amagama amaningi esiZulu awanayo incazelo noma umqondo oqondile. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa elithi inkambiso nelithi umdabuko ukukhuluma nge-tradition. Esinye isizathu esenza kusebenze amagama ahlukene ukuchaza inkambiso ukuthi kunezinto eziningi eziyingxenye yayo: ezifana nezinkolelo, amasiko enziwayo wamanje nawasendulo, konke osekuphenduke inkambiso futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuze kube namuhla. Inkambiso ingabhekisela nasezinkolelweni noma emihambweni yasendulo languna, enendabuko eseyalahleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkambiso zazidluliswa ngomlomo, singekho isidingo sokuloba phansi. Izinsiza zokwenza lokhu zazihlanfanisa izaga, izifenqo, izinganekwane, izinongo nezihayo. Zonke ziyingxenye yinkambiso yomlomo futhi zonke zaqanjwa ngabantu. Izinkambiso zivame ukuba ezasendulo, ezingaguqulwa futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kwesinye isikhathi zingeyoba into engokwemvelo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hobsbawm |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Ranger |editor2-first=Terence |title=The Invention of Tradition |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1983 |isbn=0-521-43773-3 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Kuqazikelwa ukuthi kudingeka izizukulwane ezintathu zokudlulisa umkhuba, inkolelo noma into ukuze ithathwa njengengxenye yenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-15"/> Ezinye izinkambiso zasungulwa ngebomu ngesizathu esithile, ukuze kugqanyiswe ubumqoka besikhungo esithile bona Iqiniso elithile.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1]</ref> Izinkambiso zigaguqulwa ukuze zifaneleke isidingo zosuku, futhi izinguquko zingamukelwa njengengxenye yenkambiso yasendulo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA2 2–3]</ref><ref name="slang">{{cite web |title=Slang |url=https://britannica.com |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> Inkambiso iguquka lusilili, futhi izinguquko zayo kusuka kwesinye izizukulwane kuya kwesinye zithathwa njengezibalulekile.<ref name="Shils2006-15">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=15}}</ref> Kanjalo, labo ababambele enkambisweni, kuyebzeka bangaqapheli ukuthi inkambiso seyiguqukile, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka yaguqulwa, kubona kusafana ayibonakali iguqukile.<ref name="Shils2006-14"/> Kukhona izisuso nemikhakha eminingi yenkambiso; futhi singasho lokhu: # izindlela zobuciko befagugu zesiko elithile.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lilburn | first = Douglas | title = A Search for Tradition | publisher = Alexander Turnbull Library Endowment Trust, assisted by the New Zealand Composers Foundation | location = Wellington | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-908702-00-0 |author-link= Douglas Lilburn}} {{Page needed|date=February 2011}}</ref> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa imiphakathi nawohulumeni efana namaculo esizwe, [[Umvalo womphakathi|nemivalo yomphakathi]].<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa ihlelo lenkolo namabdnala anomlando ofanayo, nezimfundiso ezifanayo.<ref name="WilliamsCox1992">{{cite book|author1=Michael A. Williams|author2=Collett Cox|author3=Martin S. Jaffee|title=Innovation in religious traditions: essays in the interpretation of religious change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD2hShiXNjEC&pg=PA1|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-012780-5|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Giddens2003-39">{{cite book |last=Giddens |first=Anthony |title=Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-94487-8 |page=39}}</ref> Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bakhuluma ngenkambiso yobukristu noma inkambiso yobusulane. [[File:Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg|left|thumb|Inkambiso ebizwa ''slametan'' ewumcikilisho owandulela ukuzila kweRamadan uhlonipha obabamkhulu neRamadama eBanyumas, e-Indonesia]] Izinto eziningi, izinkolelo nemikhuba kungaba ezenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-12">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=12}}</ref> Imicikilisho yokwenanana ngokwenhlalo ingaba yinkambis, ukudlulisa imibongo, nokuthumela amakhadi osuku lokuzalwa nokufisela izilokotho ezinhle njll.<ref name="Shils2006-12"/><ref name="Boyer1990-8">{{cite book|author=Pascal Boyer|title=Tradition as truth and communication: a cognitive description of traditional discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7cu0joBSM8C&pg=PR8|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-37417-0|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Handler and Innekin">{{cite journal|last=Handler|first=Richard|author2=Jocelyn Innekin |title=Tradition, Genuine or Spurious|journal=Journal of American Folklore|year=1984|volume=29}}</ref> Inkambiso ingabe ihlanganise okwenziwa amaqembu amakhulu (njengokubuthana komndeni ngoKhisimuso), izinhlangano noma imiphakathi (njengezinsuku zikazwelonke nemivalo).<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> Ezinye izinlambiso ezindala zihlanganisa ubuthixomunye, ubusakhamuzi.<ref name="Shils2006-16">Shils [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-zr1Ovc5ggC&pg=PA16 16]</ref> ==Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso== Igama elithi Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso, libhekisela ezimeni lapho umkhuba omusha noma into entsha ingeniswa ngendlela eyixhumanisa nezolo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1-2">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1–2]</ref> Inkambiso ingadalwa ngebomu futhi iqhakanjiswe kuye ngezimfuno zomuntusiqu, ezentengiselwano, ezombusazwe, nomba izimfuno zesizwe, njengoba kwakunjalo eAfrika Ngenkathi yabaqoneli; noma inkambiso ingemukelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesenzakalo esiqhakanjiswe kakhulu esisodwa, kunokuba ikhule futhi isakazeke ngokwemvelo kubantu, njengokugqoka ingubo emhlophe yokushada, okwegqanyiswa iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi uVitoriya ngemuva kokuyigqoka lapho eshada nonkosana uAlbert waseSaxe-Coburg.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ingraham|first=Chrys|title=White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-95194-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0/page/60 60]–61}}</ref> Esinye isibonelo sokuqanjwa kwesiko kungaba ukwakhiwa kabusha KwesiGodlo saseWestminster]] (esihlalisa iPhalamende laseBrithani) ngokwesiko lamaGothic. Ngokufanayo, iningi lezinkambiso eziyamaniswa nobukhosi boMbuso Ohlangene, ezibonwa sengathi zingokomlando omude, zaqala ngekhulu le-19. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso eAfrika nakwezinye izondawo eziqonelwe. UTerence Ranger, encwadino ethi ''The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa'', <ref>{{cite book|author1=E. J. (Eric J.) Hobsbawm| author1-link = E. J. Hobsbawm|author2=T. O. (Terence O.) Ranger| author2-link = Terrence Ranger |title=The Invention of tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA211|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43773-8|pages=211–263|year=1992}}</ref> uthi lapho abaqoneli befuna ukubusa ngokomthetho babeqamba ''inkambiso'' abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bazenza bafanelekele isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwelana ngokobukhosi kungathiwa kuyinkambiso ngenjongo yokuvuna lowo ohambisana nabo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziqambo zazisekelwe enkambisweni ethile, Kodwa zazinehaba, zihlanekezelwe, noma zichemile nencazelo yabo. Izinkambiso eziqanjiwe ziyisogcoyi esiyonhloko samasiko ezizwe anamuhla, njengoba ziletha ukufana okuthile futhi ziqhakambisa ubunye bobuhlonzi besizwe ovugqugquzelwa ubuzwe.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-7">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA7 7]</ref> Izibonelo zihlanganisa imivalo yomphakathi (eyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe), ukuhlatshelelwa kweculo lesizwe, nezidlo zomdabu zesizwa. Abafuduki nemiphakathi yazifiki ingaqhubeka nokugcina izinkambiso zesizwe zasekhaya. ==Amaphatho== szdb6jpwwa6g9a00sykt92kp7g88p7l 129840 129839 2026-09-27T13:00:03Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Incasiselo */ 129840 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tradition_en_République_du_Congo_02.jpg|thumb|Imvunulo yomdabu eyingxenye yinkambiso yaseKhongo]] '''Inkambiso''' (noma '''umdabuko''') iwuhlelo [[Inkolelo|lwezinkolelo]] noma ukuziphatha (isiko lomdabu) efundiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu labantu noma umphakathi enomqondo ongokomfanekiso noma ukubaluleka okukhethekile okusukela emandulo.<ref name="Green1997">{{Cite book |last=Thomas A. Green |year=1997 |title=Folklore: an encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, music, or art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7Wfhws3dFAC&pg=PA800 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-986-1 |page=800}}</ref> Isigcoyi zokuvezwa kwesiko nezinganekwane, sinezibonelo ezivamile ezihlanganisa [[Umvalo|imivalo]] (imikhosi) noma izingubo ezingagqokwa njalo kodwa ezibalulekile emphakathini (njengebheshu noma ungiyane), kodwa lo mbono uphinde usebenze lapho kukhulunywa ngenjwayelo yezenhlalo [[Ukuziphatha|nokuziphatha]] okunjengokubingelela. Izinkambiso zingaphikelela futhi ziguquke phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Igama elithi ''inkambiso'' ngokwalo livela egameni eliyisenzo sesiZulu esithi hambisa ngokwezwi nezwi esisho 'ukwenza okuthile kuhambe, kugobhoze kuqhubeke ngendlela ethile'. Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi izinkambiso zinomlando wasendulo, izinkambiso eziningi zasungulwa ngebomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elombusazwe noma elingokwesiko, ezinkarhini ezimfushane zesikhathi. Uqeqesho oluhlukahlukene lakwangqondonkulu nalo lusebenzisa leli gama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inkulumo ethi "ngokwenkambiso" noma "ngokwesiko" ngokuvamile isho ukuthi lokho okulandelayo kwadluliswa ngomlomo futhi akunasisekelo (futhi kungase kuphikiswe) nobufakazi obuqinile. Lapha, elithi "inkambiso" lichaza umthombo noma isimo sokwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Ngokwenkambiso, uMvelinqangi wavela kuqala, kodwa konke okunye kwadala nguye. Iveza ukuthi lenkambiso akululanga ukuyiqinisekisa noma ukuyiphikisa. Esinye isibonelo sithi, "INkosi u-Arthur, ngokusho komlando, uyinkosi yeqiniso yaseBrithani, ngokomlando, wagqugquzela izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo". Ukuthi lenkulumo isekelwa ubufakazi noma cha akunciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo njengomlando ongokwesiko noma unucikomazwi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tradition Definition & Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition|website=The Britannica Dictionary|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|quote=According to tradition, the goddess lies sleeping beneath the mountain.}}</ref> Izinkambiso ziyizihlokondaba zokufunda emikhakheni eminingana yakwangwondonkulu, ikakhulukazi [[Ezoluntu|kwezoluntu]] nenzululwazi yezenhlalo, kuhlanganisa [[Umchazaluntu|nomchazaluntu]], ezemivubukulo, umlando, kanye [[Umchazanhlalo|nomchazanhlalo]]. Umqondomsuka othi inkambiso, uyisicabango sokubambelela esikhathini esedlule, uyatholakala futhi enkulumweni yezombusazwe [[Injulalwazi|nenjulalwazi]]. Ngokwesibonelo, uyisisekelo somqondo wezombusazwe womyamuva wenkambiso (''traditionalism conservativism''), kanye naahlelo ezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba kufaka phakathi ubuKhatolika obungokwenkambiso . Ezindaweni zobuciko, inkambiso isetshenziselwa ukunquma imiboniso efanele yohlobo lobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqhogoyweni kweminxa yendabuko (njengomdanso wendabuko), ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezilawula ukuthi uhlobo lobuciko kufanele luqanjwe kanjani kunindima ebaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okuthandwa ngumqhogoyi. Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela ukulahleka kwenkambiso, ezihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwezimboni, ukumbulungisa uhwebo, kanye nokuphokothelwa noma Ukucwaswa kwamaqembu amasiko athile. Ekusabeleni kulokhu, imizamo yokulondoloza inkambiso kanye nemiklamo eqaliwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlozinge ezicini ezifana [[Izilimi|nezilimi]] zendabuko. Inkambiso ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomgomo wesimanje futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinkambo, amagume, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], izinjwayelo, izimpikelelwana, iziqondiso nemibono efanayo. ==Incasiselo== [[File:Indian historical Traditional drama( In stage performance -1).jpg|thumb|Traditional dress and arts, such as in this performance of Traditional Hindi Drama -- the performance of tradition through [[folklore]], reinforces the stories and memory reinforces the concept of tradition, and its importance in local communities.]] Igama lesiZulu elithi ''inkambiso'' livela esenzweni esithi ''hambisa'', esisho indlela Izinto ezihanjiswa ngayo, zenziwe ngayo. Leyo ndlela luvame ukuba eyomdabuko, ingakho kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza elithi umdabuko noma umdabu lapho kukhulunywa ngezinkambiso. Elinye igama elihobne ngelithi inkambo (custom), noma imhbo, womabili anomsuka wegama elinomsuka wegama hambisa elithi hamba. Ukuhlobama kwalamgama kwenza asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa uluchaza inkambiso kuba ngelithi isiko, nelithi umkhuba. Isisazthu esenza lamagama asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana ukuthi amagama amaningi esiZulu awanayo incazelo noma umqondo oqondile. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa elithi inkambiso nelithi umdabuko ukukhuluma nge-tradition. Esinye isizathu esenza kusebenze amagama ahlukene ukuchaza inkambiso ukuthi kunezinto eziningi eziyingxenye yayo: ezifana nezinkolelo, amasiko enziwayo wamanje nawasendulo, konke osekuphenduke inkambiso futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuze kube namuhla. Inkambiso ingabhekisela nasezinkolelweni noma emihambweni yasendulo languna, enendabuko eseyalahleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkambiso zazidluliswa ngomlomo, singekho isidingo sokuloba phansi. Izinsiza zokwenza lokhu zazihlanfanisa izaga, izifenqo, izinganekwane, izinongo nezihayo. Zonke ziyingxenye yinkambiso yomlomo futhi zonke zaqanjwa ngabantu. Izinkambiso zivame ukuba ezasendulo, ezingaguqulwa futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kwesinye isikhathi zingeyoba into engokwemvelo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hobsbawm |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Ranger |editor2-first=Terence |title=The Invention of Tradition |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1983 |isbn=0-521-43773-3 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Kuqazikelwa ukuthi kudingeka izizukulwane ezintathu zokudlulisa umkhuba, inkolelo noma into ukuze ithathwa njengengxenye yenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-15"/> Ezinye izinkambiso zasungulwa ngebomu ngesizathu esithile, ukuze kugqanyiswe ubumqoka besikhungo esithile bona Iqiniso elithile.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1]</ref> Izinkambiso zigaguqulwa ukuze zifaneleke isidingo zosuku, futhi izinguquko zingamukelwa njengengxenye yenkambiso yasendulo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA2 2–3]</ref><ref name="slang">{{cite web |title=Slang |url=https://britannica.com |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> Inkambiso iguquka lusilili, futhi izinguquko zayo kusuka kwesinye izizukulwane kuya kwesinye zithathwa njengezibalulekile.<ref name="Shils2006-15">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=15}}</ref> Kanjalo, labo ababambele enkambisweni, kuyebzeka bangaqapheli ukuthi inkambiso seyiguqukile, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka yaguqulwa, kubona kusafana ayibonakali iguqukile.<ref name="Shils2006-14">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=14}}</ref> Kukhona izisuso nemikhakha eminingi yenkambiso; futhi singasho lokhu: # izindlela zobuciko befagugu zesiko elithile.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lilburn | first = Douglas | title = A Search for Tradition | publisher = Alexander Turnbull Library Endowment Trust, assisted by the New Zealand Composers Foundation | location = Wellington | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-908702-00-0 |author-link= Douglas Lilburn}} {{Page needed|date=February 2011}}</ref> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa imiphakathi nawohulumeni efana namaculo esizwe, [[Umvalo womphakathi|nemivalo yomphakathi]].<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa ihlelo lenkolo namabdnala anomlando ofanayo, nezimfundiso ezifanayo.<ref name="WilliamsCox1992">{{cite book|author1=Michael A. Williams|author2=Collett Cox|author3=Martin S. Jaffee|title=Innovation in religious traditions: essays in the interpretation of religious change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD2hShiXNjEC&pg=PA1|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-012780-5|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Giddens2003-39">{{cite book |last=Giddens |first=Anthony |title=Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-94487-8 |page=39}}</ref> Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bakhuluma ngenkambiso yobukristu noma inkambiso yobusulane. [[File:Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg|left|thumb|Inkambiso ebizwa ''slametan'' ewumcikilisho owandulela ukuzila kweRamadan uhlonipha obabamkhulu neRamadama eBanyumas, e-Indonesia]] Izinto eziningi, izinkolelo nemikhuba kungaba ezenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-12">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=12}}</ref> Imicikilisho yokwenanana ngokwenhlalo ingaba yinkambis, ukudlulisa imibongo, nokuthumela amakhadi osuku lokuzalwa nokufisela izilokotho ezinhle njll.<ref name="Shils2006-12"/><ref name="Boyer1990-8">{{cite book|author=Pascal Boyer|title=Tradition as truth and communication: a cognitive description of traditional discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7cu0joBSM8C&pg=PR8|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-37417-0|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Handler and Innekin">{{cite journal|last=Handler|first=Richard|author2=Jocelyn Innekin |title=Tradition, Genuine or Spurious|journal=Journal of American Folklore|year=1984|volume=29}}</ref> Inkambiso ingabe ihlanganise okwenziwa amaqembu amakhulu (njengokubuthana komndeni ngoKhisimuso), izinhlangano noma imiphakathi (njengezinsuku zikazwelonke nemivalo).<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> Ezinye izinlambiso ezindala zihlanganisa ubuthixomunye, ubusakhamuzi.<ref name="Shils2006-16">Shils [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-zr1Ovc5ggC&pg=PA16 16]</ref> ==Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso== Igama elithi Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso, libhekisela ezimeni lapho umkhuba omusha noma into entsha ingeniswa ngendlela eyixhumanisa nezolo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1-2">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1–2]</ref> Inkambiso ingadalwa ngebomu futhi iqhakanjiswe kuye ngezimfuno zomuntusiqu, ezentengiselwano, ezombusazwe, nomba izimfuno zesizwe, njengoba kwakunjalo eAfrika Ngenkathi yabaqoneli; noma inkambiso ingemukelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesenzakalo esiqhakanjiswe kakhulu esisodwa, kunokuba ikhule futhi isakazeke ngokwemvelo kubantu, njengokugqoka ingubo emhlophe yokushada, okwegqanyiswa iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi uVitoriya ngemuva kokuyigqoka lapho eshada nonkosana uAlbert waseSaxe-Coburg.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ingraham|first=Chrys|title=White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-95194-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0/page/60 60]–61}}</ref> Esinye isibonelo sokuqanjwa kwesiko kungaba ukwakhiwa kabusha KwesiGodlo saseWestminster]] (esihlalisa iPhalamende laseBrithani) ngokwesiko lamaGothic. Ngokufanayo, iningi lezinkambiso eziyamaniswa nobukhosi boMbuso Ohlangene, ezibonwa sengathi zingokomlando omude, zaqala ngekhulu le-19. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso eAfrika nakwezinye izondawo eziqonelwe. UTerence Ranger, encwadino ethi ''The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa'', <ref>{{cite book|author1=E. J. (Eric J.) Hobsbawm| author1-link = E. J. Hobsbawm|author2=T. O. (Terence O.) Ranger| author2-link = Terrence Ranger |title=The Invention of tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA211|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43773-8|pages=211–263|year=1992}}</ref> uthi lapho abaqoneli befuna ukubusa ngokomthetho babeqamba ''inkambiso'' abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bazenza bafanelekele isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwelana ngokobukhosi kungathiwa kuyinkambiso ngenjongo yokuvuna lowo ohambisana nabo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziqambo zazisekelwe enkambisweni ethile, Kodwa zazinehaba, zihlanekezelwe, noma zichemile nencazelo yabo. Izinkambiso eziqanjiwe ziyisogcoyi esiyonhloko samasiko ezizwe anamuhla, njengoba ziletha ukufana okuthile futhi ziqhakambisa ubunye bobuhlonzi besizwe ovugqugquzelwa ubuzwe.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-7">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA7 7]</ref> Izibonelo zihlanganisa imivalo yomphakathi (eyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe), ukuhlatshelelwa kweculo lesizwe, nezidlo zomdabu zesizwa. Abafuduki nemiphakathi yazifiki ingaqhubeka nokugcina izinkambiso zesizwe zasekhaya. ==Amaphatho== rxw8uwmyprn8xecihlro1r4lo2h3thj 129878 129840 2026-09-28T03:29:38Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Amaphatho */ 129878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tradition_en_République_du_Congo_02.jpg|thumb|Imvunulo yomdabu eyingxenye yinkambiso yaseKhongo]] '''Inkambiso''' (noma '''umdabuko''') iwuhlelo [[Inkolelo|lwezinkolelo]] noma ukuziphatha (isiko lomdabu) efundiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu labantu noma umphakathi enomqondo ongokomfanekiso noma ukubaluleka okukhethekile okusukela emandulo.<ref name="Green1997">{{Cite book |last=Thomas A. Green |year=1997 |title=Folklore: an encyclopedia of beliefs, customs, tales, music, or art |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7Wfhws3dFAC&pg=PA800 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-986-1 |page=800}}</ref> Isigcoyi zokuvezwa kwesiko nezinganekwane, sinezibonelo ezivamile ezihlanganisa [[Umvalo|imivalo]] (imikhosi) noma izingubo ezingagqokwa njalo kodwa ezibalulekile emphakathini (njengebheshu noma ungiyane), kodwa lo mbono uphinde usebenze lapho kukhulunywa ngenjwayelo yezenhlalo [[Ukuziphatha|nokuziphatha]] okunjengokubingelela. Izinkambiso zingaphikelela futhi ziguquke phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Igama elithi ''inkambiso'' ngokwalo livela egameni eliyisenzo sesiZulu esithi hambisa ngokwezwi nezwi esisho 'ukwenza okuthile kuhambe, kugobhoze kuqhubeke ngendlela ethile'. Nakuba kubikwa ukuthi izinkambiso zinomlando wasendulo, izinkambiso eziningi zasungulwa ngebomu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elombusazwe noma elingokwesiko, ezinkarhini ezimfushane zesikhathi. Uqeqesho oluhlukahlukene lakwangqondonkulu nalo lusebenzisa leli gama ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inkulumo ethi "ngokwenkambiso" noma "ngokwesiko" ngokuvamile isho ukuthi lokho okulandelayo kwadluliswa ngomlomo futhi akunasisekelo (futhi kungase kuphikiswe) nobufakazi obuqinile. Lapha, elithi "inkambiso" lichaza umthombo noma isimo sokwaziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "Ngokwenkambiso, uMvelinqangi wavela kuqala, kodwa konke okunye kwadala nguye. Iveza ukuthi lenkambiso akululanga ukuyiqinisekisa noma ukuyiphikisa. Esinye isibonelo sithi, "INkosi u-Arthur, ngokusho komlando, uyinkosi yeqiniso yaseBrithani, ngokomlando, wagqugquzela izindaba eziningi ezithandwayo". Ukuthi lenkulumo isekelwa ubufakazi noma cha akunciphisi ukubaluleka kwayo njengomlando ongokwesiko noma unucikomazwi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tradition Definition & Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/tradition|website=The Britannica Dictionary|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|quote=According to tradition, the goddess lies sleeping beneath the mountain.}}</ref> Izinkambiso ziyizihlokondaba zokufunda emikhakheni eminingana yakwangwondonkulu, ikakhulukazi [[Ezoluntu|kwezoluntu]] nenzululwazi yezenhlalo, kuhlanganisa [[Umchazaluntu|nomchazaluntu]], ezemivubukulo, umlando, kanye [[Umchazanhlalo|nomchazanhlalo]]. Umqondomsuka othi inkambiso, uyisicabango sokubambelela esikhathini esedlule, uyatholakala futhi enkulumweni yezombusazwe [[Injulalwazi|nenjulalwazi]]. Ngokwesibonelo, uyisisekelo somqondo wezombusazwe womyamuva wenkambiso (''traditionalism conservativism''), kanye naahlelo ezinkolo eziningi zomhlaba kufaka phakathi ubuKhatolika obungokwenkambiso . Ezindaweni zobuciko, inkambiso isetshenziselwa ukunquma imiboniso efanele yohlobo lobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqhogoyweni kweminxa yendabuko (njengomdanso wendabuko), ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezilawula ukuthi uhlobo lobuciko kufanele luqanjwe kanjani kunindima ebaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okuthandwa ngumqhogoyi. Kunezici eziningi ezingabangela ukulahleka kwenkambiso, ezihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kwezimboni, ukumbulungisa uhwebo, kanye nokuphokothelwa noma Ukucwaswa kwamaqembu amasiko athile. Ekusabeleni kulokhu, imizamo yokulondoloza inkambiso kanye nemiklamo eqaliwe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlozinge ezicini ezifana [[Izilimi|nezilimi]] zendabuko. Inkambiso ivame ukuqhathaniswa nomgomo wesimanje futhi kufanele ihlukaniswe nezinkambo, amagume, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], izinjwayelo, izimpikelelwana, iziqondiso nemibono efanayo. ==Incasiselo== [[File:Indian historical Traditional drama( In stage performance -1).jpg|thumb|Traditional dress and arts, such as in this performance of Traditional Hindi Drama -- the performance of tradition through [[folklore]], reinforces the stories and memory reinforces the concept of tradition, and its importance in local communities.]] Igama lesiZulu elithi ''inkambiso'' livela esenzweni esithi ''hambisa'', esisho indlela Izinto ezihanjiswa ngayo, zenziwe ngayo. Leyo ndlela luvame ukuba eyomdabuko, ingakho kwesinye isikhathi kusebenza elithi umdabuko noma umdabu lapho kukhulunywa ngezinkambiso. Elinye igama elihobne ngelithi inkambo (custom), noma imhbo, womabili anomsuka wegama elinomsuka wegama hambisa elithi hamba. Ukuhlobama kwalamgama kwenza asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana. Amanye amagama asetshenziswa uluchaza inkambiso kuba ngelithi isiko, nelithi umkhuba. Isisazthu esenza lamagama asetshenziswa ngokutshintshana ukuthi amagama amaningi esiZulu awanayo incazelo noma umqondo oqondile. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizosebenzisa elithi inkambiso nelithi umdabuko ukukhuluma nge-tradition. Esinye isizathu esenza kusebenze amagama ahlukene ukuchaza inkambiso ukuthi kunezinto eziningi eziyingxenye yayo: ezifana nezinkolelo, amasiko enziwayo wamanje nawasendulo, konke osekuphenduke inkambiso futhi okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni esilandelayo kuze kube namuhla. Inkambiso ingabhekisela nasezinkolelweni noma emihambweni yasendulo languna, enendabuko eseyalahleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkambiso zazidluliswa ngomlomo, singekho isidingo sokuloba phansi. Izinsiza zokwenza lokhu zazihlanfanisa izaga, izifenqo, izinganekwane, izinongo nezihayo. Zonke ziyingxenye yinkambiso yomlomo futhi zonke zaqanjwa ngabantu. Izinkambiso zivame ukuba ezasendulo, ezingaguqulwa futhi zibaluleke kakhulu, nakuba kwesinye isikhathi zingeyoba into engokwemvelo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4">{{cite book |editor1-last=Hobsbawm |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Ranger |editor2-first=Terence |title=The Invention of Tradition |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1983 |isbn=0-521-43773-3 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Kuqazikelwa ukuthi kudingeka izizukulwane ezintathu zokudlulisa umkhuba, inkolelo noma into ukuze ithathwa njengengxenye yenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-15"/> Ezinye izinkambiso zasungulwa ngebomu ngesizathu esithile, ukuze kugqanyiswe ubumqoka besikhungo esithile bona Iqiniso elithile.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1]</ref> Izinkambiso zigaguqulwa ukuze zifaneleke isidingo zosuku, futhi izinguquko zingamukelwa njengengxenye yenkambiso yasendulo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA2 2–3]</ref><ref name="slang">{{cite web |title=Slang |url=https://britannica.com |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> Inkambiso iguquka lusilili, futhi izinguquko zayo kusuka kwesinye izizukulwane kuya kwesinye zithathwa njengezibalulekile.<ref name="Shils2006-15">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=15}}</ref> Kanjalo, labo ababambele enkambisweni, kuyebzeka bangaqapheli ukuthi inkambiso seyiguqukile, nakuba sekuphele iminyaka yaguqulwa, kubona kusafana ayibonakali iguqukile.<ref name="Shils2006-14">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=14}}</ref> Kukhona izisuso nemikhakha eminingi yenkambiso; futhi singasho lokhu: # izindlela zobuciko befagugu zesiko elithile.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lilburn | first = Douglas | title = A Search for Tradition | publisher = Alexander Turnbull Library Endowment Trust, assisted by the New Zealand Composers Foundation | location = Wellington | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-908702-00-0 |author-link= Douglas Lilburn}} {{Page needed|date=February 2011}}</ref> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa imiphakathi nawohulumeni efana namaculo esizwe, [[Umvalo womphakathi|nemivalo yomphakathi]].<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> # izinkolelo nemikhuba egcinwa ihlelo lenkolo namabdnala anomlando ofanayo, nezimfundiso ezifanayo.<ref name="WilliamsCox1992">{{cite book|author1=Michael A. Williams|author2=Collett Cox|author3=Martin S. Jaffee|title=Innovation in religious traditions: essays in the interpretation of religious change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD2hShiXNjEC&pg=PA1|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-012780-5|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Giddens2003-39">{{cite book |last=Giddens |first=Anthony |title=Runaway World: How Globalization is Reshaping Our Lives |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-415-94487-8 |page=39}}</ref> Ngokwesibonelo, abantu bakhuluma ngenkambiso yobukristu noma inkambiso yobusulane. [[File:Tradisi Unggahan Bonokeling.jpg|left|thumb|Inkambiso ebizwa ''slametan'' ewumcikilisho owandulela ukuzila kweRamadan uhlonipha obabamkhulu neRamadama eBanyumas, e-Indonesia]] Izinto eziningi, izinkolelo nemikhuba kungaba ezenkambiso.<ref name="Shils2006-12">{{cite book |last=Shils |first=Edward |title=Tradition |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-75326-3 |page=12}}</ref> Imicikilisho yokwenanana ngokwenhlalo ingaba yinkambis, ukudlulisa imibongo, nokuthumela amakhadi osuku lokuzalwa nokufisela izilokotho ezinhle njll.<ref name="Shils2006-12"/><ref name="Boyer1990-8">{{cite book|author=Pascal Boyer|title=Tradition as truth and communication: a cognitive description of traditional discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C7cu0joBSM8C&pg=PR8|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-37417-0|page=8}}</ref><ref name="Handler and Innekin">{{cite journal|last=Handler|first=Richard|author2=Jocelyn Innekin |title=Tradition, Genuine or Spurious|journal=Journal of American Folklore|year=1984|volume=29}}</ref> Inkambiso ingabe ihlanganise okwenziwa amaqembu amakhulu (njengokubuthana komndeni ngoKhisimuso), izinhlangano noma imiphakathi (njengezinsuku zikazwelonke nemivalo).<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-2-3"/><ref name="HobsbawmRanger-3-4"/> Ezinye izinlambiso ezindala zihlanganisa ubuthixomunye, ubusakhamuzi.<ref name="Shils2006-16">Shils [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-zr1Ovc5ggC&pg=PA16 16]</ref> ==Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso== Igama elithi Ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso, libhekisela ezimeni lapho umkhuba omusha noma into entsha ingeniswa ngendlela eyixhumanisa nezolo.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-1-2">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA1 1–2]</ref> Inkambiso ingadalwa ngebomu futhi iqhakanjiswe kuye ngezimfuno zomuntusiqu, ezentengiselwano, ezombusazwe, nomba izimfuno zesizwe, njengoba kwakunjalo eAfrika Ngenkathi yabaqoneli; noma inkambiso ingemukelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yesenzakalo esiqhakanjiswe kakhulu esisodwa, kunokuba ikhule futhi isakazeke ngokwemvelo kubantu, njengokugqoka ingubo emhlophe yokushada, okwegqanyiswa iNdlovukazi yamaNgisi uVitoriya ngemuva kokuyigqoka lapho eshada nonkosana uAlbert waseSaxe-Coburg.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ingraham|first=Chrys|title=White Weddings: Romancing Heterosexuality in Popular Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=978-0-415-95194-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whiteweddingsrom0000ingr_e0o0/page/60 60]–61}}</ref> Esinye isibonelo sokuqanjwa kwesiko kungaba ukwakhiwa kabusha KwesiGodlo saseWestminster]] (esihlalisa iPhalamende laseBrithani) ngokwesiko lamaGothic. Ngokufanayo, iningi lezinkambiso eziyamaniswa nobukhosi boMbuso Ohlangene, ezibonwa sengathi zingokomlando omude, zaqala ngekhulu le-19. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa ukuqanjwa kwenkambiso eAfrika nakwezinye izondawo eziqonelwe. UTerence Ranger, encwadino ethi ''The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa'', <ref>{{cite book|author1=E. J. (Eric J.) Hobsbawm| author1-link = E. J. Hobsbawm|author2=T. O. (Terence O.) Ranger| author2-link = Terrence Ranger |title=The Invention of tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA211|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43773-8|pages=211–263|year=1992}}</ref> uthi lapho abaqoneli befuna ukubusa ngokomthetho babeqamba ''inkambiso'' abazoyisebenzisa ukuze bazenza bafanelekele isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwelana ngokobukhosi kungathiwa kuyinkambiso ngenjongo yokuvuna lowo ohambisana nabo. Ngokuvamile lezi ziqambo zazisekelwe enkambisweni ethile, Kodwa zazinehaba, zihlanekezelwe, noma zichemile nencazelo yabo. Izinkambiso eziqanjiwe ziyisogcoyi esiyonhloko samasiko ezizwe anamuhla, njengoba ziletha ukufana okuthile futhi ziqhakambisa ubunye bobuhlonzi besizwe ovugqugquzelwa ubuzwe.<ref name="HobsbawmRanger-7">Hobsbawm [https://books.google.com/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC&pg=PA7 7]</ref> Izibonelo zihlanganisa imivalo yomphakathi (eyingqayizivele kulesi sizwe), ukuhlatshelelwa kweculo lesizwe, nezidlo zomdabu zesizwa. Abafuduki nemiphakathi yazifiki ingaqhubeka nokugcina izinkambiso zesizwe zasekhaya. ==Ezimfundisweni zongoti== Kwezenzululwazi, inkambiso ivame ukusetshenziswa ezincwadini ukuze lichasiswe ubuhlobo phakathi kwemicabwngo yomlobi nemicabango yomkhakha akuwo.<ref name = Kurz129>Kurz-Milke and Martignon 129</ref> Ngowe- 1948, injulabuchopho yenzululwazi ebizwa Karl Popper yasikisela ukuthi kufanele "nonchachiso ohluzekile wenkambiso" ozosetshenziswa kwinzukulwazi onesisekelo somchazanhlalo. NgokukaPopper, usonzululwazi ngamunye owenza ucwaningo usebenzisa izindlela azizuze ngokwembiso zabanye osonzululwazi bangaphambi kwakhe, eziyifa locwaningo kwabo neziphepho zabo. <ref name = Kurz129/> Ngokuphambene nenganekwane, eyindlela yokichaza izwe lemvelo ngezinye izindlela ezingahluzekile, inkambiso yenzululwazi iyofacelibuya kuSokrsti, owaphakamisa izingxoxo elishubile ngokusho kukaPopper.<ref name = Kurz129-130>Kurz-Milke and Martignon 129–130</ref> NgokukaThomas Kuhn, owethula isicabango yakhe ngephepha ngowe-1977, umuzwa wefa elinjengaleli lenkambiso, ngokomlando, yiwona ohlukanisa osonzululwazi abaganyayo abaguqula imikhakha abakuyo ngenxa yokwamukeka inkambiso.<ref name = Kurz129-130/> Izinkamibiso ziyizihloko zocwaningo emkhakheni embalwa takwangwondonkulu enjengezinzululwazi zenhalo—ngokuyinhloko Umchazaluntu, Ezemivubukulo, nomchazampilo—nakuba lunezincazelo ezingafani ngokomkhakha. Ziyasetshenziswa nasemongweni ehlukene yemilhakha efana nomlando,umchazamqondo, [[Umchazanhlalo|nomchazanhlalo]]. Osonzululwazi bezenhlalo nabanye bate basebenzela ekuyoliseni isicabango somqondo ivamile wenkambiso ukuze kube isicabango esisebenzayo sesihlaiyo zongoti. Ngeshumiminyak lowe -1970s nele- 1980s, uEdward Shils wahlwaya lesi aicabango ngokuningiliziwe<ref name="Handler and Innekin"/> Selokhu enza lokho, izinhlobonhlobo zosonzululwazi bezenhlalo ziye zagxeka amasu angokwenkambiso maylena nenkambiso; kuyilapho lelei gama elithi inkambiso seliyasetshenziswa nakumchazampilo lapho kukhulunywa ngezilwane ezingebona abantu. Inkambiso iyisicabango esichasiswa ngokuhlukene emkhakheni ehlukene, Kodwa lokho akufanele kudidaniswe nezinkambiso ezihlukene zomkhakha ngamunye.<ref name="Patel2009">{{cite book|author=Sujata Patel|title=The ISA Handbook of Diverse Sociological Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWZGj7WghCEC&pg=PA5|year= 2009|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-84787-402-3|page=5}}</ref> ==Amaphatho== jka8p17mln6nacj1knrb5lv4oxft5y4 0 35210 129836 128827 2026-09-27T12:45:45Z Fongcwele 16873 129836 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fish River Canyon Namibia.jpg|thumb|Umgwila womfula uNhlanzi]] '''ISiqiwu Esequmngcele saseRichtersveld/ǀAi-ǀAis''' siyisiqiwu sokuthula esigudla umngcele [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|weNingizimu Afrika]] [[INamibhiya|neNamibia]]. Sakhiwa ngowezi-2003 ngokuhlanganisa iSiqiwu Sezinyamazane Semithombeshushu-[[INamibhiya|saseNamibia]]/ǀAi-ǀAis kanye neSiqiwu Sikazwelonke saseRichtersveld esiseNingizimu Afrika. Ingxenye enkulu yesiqiwu saseNingizimu Afrika iyingxenye yesivimbelo seSiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba esiyiSindlalozwe Sezimila Nesiko sase-Richtersveld, esilinganiswa ngamakhilomitha skwele- ayizi-5,920 (2,290 sq . Umgwila Womfula Wenhlanzi (''Fish River Canyon''), ongumgwila omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika, utholakala kulesu siqiwu.<ref name="Transfrontier" /> Isivumelwano sokuqondisisa sacikicwa mhla zili-17 August 2003 ngumongameli waseNingizimu Afrika nowaseNamibia, esagunyaza ukusungulwa kwesiqiwu kube semthethweni.<ref name="Transfrontier" /> Elithi ǀAi-ǀAis yigama kolimi laBathwa isiKhoekhoe, futhi lisho ''umlilo'', okusho ukuthi 'umlilo oshisayo' noma 'umlilo ohangulayo, laqanjwa ngemithombo eshisayo enegama elifanayo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raper |first=Peter E. |year=1987 |title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names |url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n54/mode/2up |publisher=Internet Archive |pages=54 |access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref> Amalungiselelo ezivakashi e-Sendelingsdrift avulwa ngowezi-2007 ukuze avumele izivakashi kanye sendawo ukuba zihambe phakathi kweNamibia neNingizimu Afrika ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesiqiwu. Amahhovisi okufuduka amiswa ezinhlangothi zombili zoMfula i-Orange. Saziwa nangokuthi siyindawo yenkithinkithi yeziphili, okusho ukuthi isongelwa njalo ngokuhlaselwa abantu.<ref name="Transfrontier" /> == AmaNama == AmaNama angabantu abasatholakala esifundeni. Bangabantu abaziwa ngokwalusa imihlambi Izindawo ngezindawo, ngalokho indlela yabo yokuphila isifanelo indawo. Abelusi nemihlambi yabo bahlezi bebonakala behamba amabanga amade ukuyofunda amadlelo namanzi njengoba imvula inqabile endaweni. Ulimi lesiNama nalo luyalondolozwa kulendawo njengoba imiphakathi yamaNama ibumbene kulendawo ukwedlula ezinye.<ref name="Transfrontier"/> == Isimo sezulu == Lesi siqiwu esibizwa |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld sinezimisi ezimbili zesimo sezulu. Sinesifunda semvula yasebusika ekahle equkethe umsakamo womoya ophezulu, okuphambana namazibgakushisa aphezuluezimvula zasehlono Kodwa ezinomsakwama ngaphakathi ezweni.<ref name= "|Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park">[https://www.sanparks.org/parks/richtersveld/conservation/ff/vegetation.php. South African National Parks. Accessed: 15 October 2018]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lesi simo sezulu esiphambanayo sinendawo yoguquko ebgamakhilomitha angama-20.<ref name="|Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park"/> [[File:Map Richtersveld Municipality and Parks de.svg|thumb|left|200px|Ibalazwe lesiqiwu]] == Isindlalozwe == Indawo jikelele iqukethe imifunda emagoxigoxi nezintaba eziphakeme. Umhlaba uqinile, kuyilapho amanzi elivela kancane, umoya ugcinwa uswakeme yinkungu yasekuseni. AmaNama ahlala endaweni abizwa inkunfi evela kulwandlekazi Atlantikhi ngokuthi ‘Ihuries’ nona ‘Malmokkies’.<ref name= "Ai-Ais Richtersveld National Park">[https://www.places.co.za/accommodation/ai-ais-richtersveld-national-park.html. SA Places. Accessed: 15 October 2018]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Isiqiwu sibhekwa njengohlelomoiliswano olukhulu noluyingqayizivele emhlabeni. Endaweni eyikhilomitha skwele- elilodwa kungatholakala imiqhinqa yezitshalo ezihlukene ezingama-360 kuleyondawana zonke ezithola imvula encane ngokwesilinganiso samamilimitha angama-68 ngonyaka.<ref name="|Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park"/> Izimila zeSiqiwu Esequmngcele se- |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld sinezitshalo ezingatholakali kwesinye Izindawo.<ref name="Ai-Ais Richtersveld National Park"/> <ref name="Transfrontier">{{cite web |title=ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park |url=https://www.sanparks.org/conservation/transfrontier/ai-ais-richtersveld/overview |website=South African National Parks |access-date=12 September 2026 }}</ref> ==Amaphatho== 296lj2wj9scftmn2zs6o0n1yie7x3m6 0 35300 129875 128756 2026-09-27T22:21:40Z Mahlathamnyama 13909 Mahlathamnyama moved page [[Usiko oluvamile lesintu.]] to [[Ifagugu labantu jikelele]]: Incorrect translation 128756 wikitext text/x-wiki Usiko olufanayo lesintu limelela wonke amakhono nempumelelo [[Umuntu|yohlanga lwesintu]] okucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlanganyelwa yibo bonke. Njengesimiso somthetho wamazwe omhlaba, lugcina ukuthi izindawo ezichaziwe kanye nezingxenye zosiko olufanayo lesintu (amasiko kanye nemvelo) kufanele zigcinwe zithembekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo futhi zivikelwe ekusentshenzisweni amazwe azimele noma [[Umshumanqa|izinkampani]] ezinkulu. Ezinye izibonelo ezingaba khona zihlanganisa ukuxhumana kwabantu ngabanye phakathi [[Uxhakaxholo|kwe-inthanethi]], i-geostationary orbit kanye nangaphezu kolwandle oluvulekile. == Amagama == '''Usiko oluvamile lesintu''' liphinde libizwe ngokuthi ifa elivamile noma elivamile lesintu, '''ifa elivamile lesintu''' noma '''Isimiso sefa elivamile'''. == Umsuka == Ngokulandelela imvelaphi yesimiso sesintu esivamile, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umlando walo njengegama emlandweni walo ongokomqondo. Isimiso sesintu esivamile sasungulwa ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi "isintu" elivamile, "impahla" ejwayelekile, kanye "nefa" elifanayo lesintu. La magama ngezinye izikhathi aye achaze imiqondo ehlukahlukene; ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1813 "impahla yesintu" ingase isho ubuciko nesayensi, kunalokho izinto noma izindawo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, "ifa elivamile" namagama afanayo ngokuvamile ayebhekisela ezindaweni nemithombo kuzo, kuyilapho abanye ababhekisele babeziwa ngaphansi kwamagama anjengelithi "ifa lesiko labo bonke abantu", njengasesanduleleni se-I-Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|accessdate=2020-11-14|website=UNESCO}}</ref> 92rrngq42zse6wwbny8gbtqnywl92ts 129877 129875 2026-09-27T22:30:46Z Mahlathamnyama 13909 129877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ifagugu labantu jikelele]] limelela wonke amakhono nempumelelo [[umuntu|yabantu]] okucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlanganyelwa yibo bonke. Njengesimiso somthetho wamazwe omhlaba, lugcina ukuthi izindawo ezichaziwe kanye nezingxenye zosiko olufanayo lesintu (amasiko kanye nemvelo) kufanele zigcinwe zithembekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo futhi zivikelwe ekusentshenzisweni amazwe azimele noma [[Umshumanqa|izinkampani]] ezinkulu. Ezinye izibonelo ezingaba khona zibandakanya ukuxhumana kwabantu ngabanye phakathi [[Uxhakaxholo|kwuxhakaxholo]], uzungezo omhlaba, kanye nangaphezu kolwandle oluvulekile. == Umsuka == Ngokulandelela imvelaphi yesimiso sesintu esivamile, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umlando walo njengegama emlandweni walo ongokomqondo. Isimiso sesintu esivamile sasungulwa ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi "isintu" elivamile, "impahla" ejwayelekile, kanye "nefa" elifanayo lesintu. La magama ngezinye izikhathi aye achaze imiqondo ehlukahlukene; ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1813 "impahla yesintu" ingase isho ubuciko nesayensi, kunalokho izinto noma izindawo. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, "ifa elivamile" namagama afanayo ngokuvamile ayebhekisela ezindaweni nemithombo kuzo, kuyilapho abanye ababhekisele babeziwa ngaphansi kwamagama anjengelithi "ifa lesiko labo bonke abantu", njengasesanduleleni seMvumelwano yaseHague yokuVikela iMpahla yeSiko ngoKwehlakala Kwempi (''Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|accessdate=2020-11-14|website=UNESCO}}</ref> == Amaphatho == n8svdm73sk48fhss5hp6kb8gvs6mppq 0 35333 129832 128908 2026-09-27T12:42:04Z Fongcwele 16873 129832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amasi (3035444146).jpg|thumb|Amasi esiqandisini sasendayini]] '''Amasi''' (ngesiNdebele [[IsiXhosa]]), '''emasi''' (ngese[[IsiSwazi|Swati]]), maas (ngesi-Afrikaans), noma mafi (nges[[IsiSuthu|ISesotho]]), awumkhiqizo wobisi olubilile oluqinile olumuncu ngezinye izikhathi oluqhathaniswa [[UmQungo|nomqungo]] noma i-yogurt evamile kodwa olunambitheka kakhulu. Ukudla okuyinhloko ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuqoneli, manje sekuyisidlo esithandwayo [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]], [[IZimbabwe|eZmbabwe]] naseLesotho. == Ukulungisa isidlo == Amasi ayisidlo esilungiswa ngokuqoqonga ubisi lenkomo olucwengiwe okhambeni noma phakathi koselwa noma igula kuze kube yilapho lubhudluzela.<ref name="SA Culture – Ukdula">{{cite web|url=http://www.sedibafountain.org.za/pebble.asp?relid=1285&t=168&translated=true&Culture=IsiZulu |title=SA Culture – Ukdula |access-date=2007-01-18 |publisher=National Electronic Media Institute of South Africa }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ukhamba luyafuswa, bese ubisi oluphakathi lufakwa eguleni noma esakeni lapho lizobhudluzela khona usuku luze lube nesinambitho esimunyu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AMASI|url=https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/food-drink/a-look-into-amasi-the-history-and-things-you-can-do-with-it-41582820}}</ref> Ukubiliswa kobisi kuzoveza isiqa samanzi esibizwa umlaza, ('whey'); okuthi lapho songulwa kusale amasi. Lolu ketshezi olushubile luvame ukuthelwa luhlanganiswe nedokwe noma [[impuphu]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2017|title=Umphokoqo - crumbly mealie pap with amasi {{!}} Food & Home Entertaining|url=https://www.foodandhome.co.za/recipes/umphokoqo-crumbly-mealie-pap-amasi|accessdate=2017-09-18|website=www.foodandhome.co.za|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Ngokomdabu amasi aphakwa esitsheni sobumba futhi ayisiphuzo.<ref name="SA Culture – Ukdula" /> Kwzentengiselwano, amasi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imiqhiqa yezinungwana ''I-lactococcus lactis'', kanye nezinhlobo ezincane, i-''I-lactococcus lactis subsp. ''. ''ama-cremoni''. Ubisi lususwa kuqala ezintweni ezingcolile ezifana nezinhlayiyana, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe kanye namangqamuzana ezicubu ze-udder. Amaphesenti ama-3% obisi olunguliwe oluwuqotho kanye nephesenti eliyi-0.5% le-gelatin lifakwa obisini olungaphekiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isizima somsoco. Ubisi lube selupholiswa kumazingakushisa angaa-72 °C imizuzwana eli-15; bese lupholiswa kumazingakushisa angma-30 °C ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqina. ''I-lactococcus lactis'' ifakwa ezingeni le-10⁶ cfu/ml bese ifakwa ku-30 °C amahora angu-16 kuya kwangu-24. == Kwezamasiko == === AmaZulu === Ngokwnkambiso, [[AmaZulu]] akholelwa ukuthi amasi enza umuntu abe namandla, aphile kahle, futhi afiseleke. Phakathi "nezinkathi zokuzila", njengezikhathi [[Iqako|zokuya esikhathini]] noma lapho umuntu esebenzelana nokufa, umuntu othintekile kufanele azile amasi. Ubisi aluphuzwa lusanda kusengwa noma luselusha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amasi ashube kakhulu ukuba angasetshenziswa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Megan Russell|last2=Tamlin Armstrong|last3=Sarah Dawson|title=Diet [of the Zulu people]|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/27209/Diet.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102132653/http://library.thinkquest.org/27209/Diet.htm|archive-date=2 January 2007|accessdate=2007-01-18|publisher=Thinkquest}}</ref> === eNingizimu Afrika === [[Nelson Mandela|UNelson Mandela]] lapho ekhuluma ngendlela ashiya ngayo ngokucophelela ifulethi lomngane (indawo yakhe yokucasha endaweni "emhlophe" lapho efunwa uhulumeni [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|wobandlululo]]) ngemuva kokuzwa izisebenzi ezimbili zamaZulu zikhuluma ngokuthi kwakuyinqaba ukubona ubisi esihlalweni sefasitela (lwashiywa ukuba lubile) ngoba abamhlophe babengavamile ukuphuza amasi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandela |first=Nelson |year=1994 |title=[[Long Walk to Freedom]] |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0-316-87496-5}}</ref> Amasi athandwa futhi ekudleni kwamaNdiya aseNingizimu Afrika lapho isetshenziswa khona ngendlela efanayo ne-i-curd. [Ukucashunwa okudingekayo]{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} === IsiXhosa === Ngokwesiko lamaXhosa, [[Umakoti|umtshakazi]] unikwa amasi necezu lwenyama, olkubizwa ''uTsiki'', njengophawu lokwamukelwa emndenini omusha.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}{{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:Ukudla]] [[Category:Ukudla kwesiZulu]] mxjbnf9dxw2kiupr78potzluypcx2nf 0 35550 129882 129812 2026-09-28T04:14:56Z Fongcwele 16873 129882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MusicalBow.gif|thumb|300x300px|Umlisa ongum-Obu udlala isithontolo e-Obubra, esifundazweni Cross River, eNigeria]] ''''''Isithontolo'''''' ('''uluqwabe''' noma '''Umakhweyana''') uyisilekeleli somculo esisetshenziswa abantu abaningi base-Afrika kanye nabantu bomdabu baseMelika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musical Bow|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/501113|website=metmuseum.org}}</ref> Wenziwa ngenduku ehwexuzayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngokhuni, eyimitha elilodwa kuya kwali-10 ubude, futhi iboshelwe entanjeni eqinile, ngokuvamile inkimbi. Singadlalwa ngezandla, utshani noma ngenduku yokhuni noma igatsha. Akucaci ukuthi isithontolo sasungulwa ngomnsalo wokuzingela, yize abaThwa (amaSan namaBushmen) bogwadule laseKalahari beguqula imicibisholo yabo yokuzingela isetshenziswe emculweni.<ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows|encyclopedia=britannica.com|author=Donald Keith Robotham}}</ref> Izinhlobo zesithontolo zihlanganisa esidlalwa ngomlomo, esidlalwa ngomhlaba, kanye nesithontolo esidlalwa ngeselwa esibizwa '''umakhweyana.'''<ref>Nzewi, Meki and Nzewi, Odyke (2007). ''A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts: Informed by African Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Volume 1: The Root: Foundation'', p. 108. African Minds. {{ISBN|9781920051624}}</ref><ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows}}</ref> == uMlando == {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | image1 = Ragaputra Sarang painting, from Bundi, showing "The Divine Musician playsa a pinaki vina".jpg | width1 = 145 | alt1 = Indian Musical bow in art | caption1 = India, ca. 1725, Uhlobo lweBundi. Umculo ongokwasezulwini udlala isithontolo esinesihloko esifakiwe okhambeni lmnkenenezo.<ref name=journal>{{cite journal |journal= National Center for Performing Arts Quarterly Journal |author= Joep Bor |title= The Voice of the Sarangi, An Illustrated History of Bowing in India |pages= 38–47|volume= 15 & 16 |date= 1986–1987 |url= https://archive.org/details/MusicRes-Periodicals|quote= [Three issues of this quarterly journal were combined into one; Volume 15 (issues 3 and 4) and Volume 16 (issue 1).]}}</ref> |image2=Illustration of Homme masque en Bison jourant de la flute Wellcome M0004767.jpg |width2=150px |alt2=engraving of cave wall art |caption2=Umdwebo wesigcawu sasemgedeni obizwa Trois Frères, ibonisa othile ophethe isithontolo. }} Kunokuqagula ukuthi umnsalo wokucibishela yiwona owasetshenziswa okokuqala ngesilekeleli somculo eminyakeni eyizi-13,000 edlule.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Origin of Musical Instruments and Sounds|author=Bo Lawergren|page=36|journal=Anthropos|volume=83|issue = 1/3|edition=83|year=1988|publisher= Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|jstor = 40461485}}</ref> UHenri Breuil wahlola iMigede eseFrance ebizwa Trois Frères futhi wavuselela umgwedo womdwebo ineminyaka eyizi-13,000&nbsp;B.C. ubudala.<ref name=frerescavedate>{{cite web|url= http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/trois-freres-cave.htm| title=Trois Freres Cave|access-date=March 27, 2015|quote=Henri Breuil surveyed the cave... a detailed study was published by H.Breuil and R.Begouen of the hundreds of engraved drawings in the deep gallery known as the "Sanctuary"...Its walls are filled with some 280 engraved (often superimposed) images of bison, horses, stags, reindeer, ibexes, and mammoths... }}</ref> Umgwedo wakhe uveza othile ochazwa ngokuthi, "umlisa ozifihlile ofana nenyathi," ophakathi kwemihlambi eluswayo, "ulusa lemihlambi elokhu edlala isithontolo."<ref name=frerescavedate/><ref name=Garcia>{{cite web |url= http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180902031447/http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2 September 2018|title= EL ARTE RUPESTRE PALEOLÍTICO EN LAS CUEVAS FRANCESAS. LA CUEVA DE LASCAUX. |last=Garcia |first= Alfredo|date=5 October 2014 |website=algargosarte.blogspot.com |quote=[Concerning a pair of images below the text; the top image is a line drawing showing a herd of animals drawn over one another with the hunter and bow in the pack; the other image is a photo of the cave wall with that image, enhanced to show the hunter and animals directly in front of him distinctly:] En Les Trois Frères destacaría su estilo tan naturalista... Es famosa la escena que del hombre camuflado como un bisonte, ¿Un chamán o un cazador?, que persigue o conduce a otros animales y que he destacado del conjunto superpuesto de abajo.|trans-quote=In Les Trois Frères I would highlight his naturalistic style...The scene is famous, that of the man camouflaged to resemble a bison, (a shaman or a hunter?), that pursues or leads other animals, and that I have stood out from the set superimposed below...}}</ref><ref name=Walter>{{cite book |last= Walter |first= Eugene Victor|date= 1988|title= Placeways: A Theory of the Human Environment |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFXcXKI5tIC&q=%22musical+bow%22%2C+%22Trois+Fr%C3%A8res%22&pg=PA89|location= Chapel Hill, North Carolina|publisher=UNC Press Books |page=89 |isbn= 978-0-8078-1758-2 |quote=a semi-human figure dances in the midst of the animals...herding the beasts and playing a musical bow. He wears the head and fur of a bison with human legs... }}</ref> Lo mdwebo uyaphanjaniswa, futhi labo okudingeka bawukhiqize ngemibala egqamile, kusamele basebenze kakhulu ukuze kube imibala okuyiyona.<ref name=Garcia/><ref name=Walter/> Kuncazelo ethi umfanekiso "womzingeli ongimbhili" uthatha umnsalo njengesithontolo, esisetshenziswa njengesilekeleli somculo elinomuci owodwa.<ref name=Walter/><ref name=vanCampen>{{cite web | last1= Campen | first1 = Ank van| title= The music-bow from prehistory till today | url= http://www.harphistory.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=17&lang=en | website= HarpHistory.info| access-date= March 26, 2015|quote=A cave-painting in the "Trois Frères" cave in France dating from about 15,000 years ago. The magician-hunter plays the musical bow.}}</ref> Ukuthi isilekeleli esisemgedeni siyisithontolo noma umnsalo, abachazimculo bayazibiza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lesilekeleli yisoba esandulela ezikhona namuhla zohlobo okufanayo, zohlobo lwechordophone: njenge-lute, i-lyre, ihabhu (harp), ne-zither. Kodwa uCurt Sachs yena wathi kunezizathu ezinhle zokungathatgi iminsalo njengesithontolo.<ref name=bowtolute1>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/56 56–57] |isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi isithontolo zokuqala zazinobide obubgamagxatgu alishumi, okuzenza zingasebenzi ekuzingeleni, futhi "izithontolo aziyamaniswa nezinkolelo nemicikilisho yokuzingela."<ref name=bowtolute1/> Kodwa uSachs uthatha izithontolo njengezibalulekile.<ref name=bowtolute>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/136 136–137]|isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Ubheka ubufakazi bonchachiso othi izithontolo zandulela ama-lute achomboziwe njengobunesisekelo.<ref name=bowtolute/> Izithontolo zidinga isinkeneneza, okulugubhu, okwenziwa ngoselwa noma umlomo womculi, ukuze kumele umsindo womculo.<ref name=bowtolute1/> Nakuba isithontolo singashaywa ngendlela esenza sikhiphe imisino eminingana, Kodwa zonke izilekeleli ezifaniselwe kuso zikhipha umsindo owodwa, umucu ngamunye.<ref name=bowtolute1/><ref name=Dumbrillp179>{{cite book |last=Dumbrill |first=Richard J. |date=1998 |title=The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East |location=London |publisher=Tadema Press |pages=179, 231, 235–236, 308–310}}</ref> Umucu ngamunye odlalwayo ukhipha umsindo owodwa, ngakho lapho kudlalwa eminye imicu, imisindo iyanda njengesilekeleli esiyihabhu, esinemicu eminingana nemisindo eminingana.<ref name=Dumbrillp179/> Okunye ucandululo kwenzeka lapho ihabhu lwenziwa luqombothe lube isilekeleli esibizwa bridge sokukhuphula imicu yomqala, kwase kwenziwa ilute.<ref>{{harvnb|Dumbrill|1998|pp=308–310}}</ref> Izithontolo ziyasetshenziswa nanamuhla emasikweni amaningi. Ziyatholakala [[Eswatini]], nase[[Madagascar]], naseziqhingini [[Réunion]]. nangaphandle kweAfrika, njengoba eBrazili sibizwa berimbau, kukhona nohlobo olubizwa malunga (zombili zisuselwa kwesithibtolo saseAfrika). ==Amaphatho== h1lud0xijbydyvomazi86ltf1glakj1 129883 129882 2026-09-28T04:42:28Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Amaphatho */ 129883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MusicalBow.gif|thumb|300x300px|Umlisa ongum-Obu udlala isithontolo e-Obubra, esifundazweni Cross River, eNigeria]] ''''''Isithontolo'''''' ('''uluqwabe''' noma '''Umakhweyana''') uyisilekeleli somculo esisetshenziswa abantu abaningi base-Afrika kanye nabantu bomdabu baseMelika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musical Bow|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/501113|website=metmuseum.org}}</ref> Wenziwa ngenduku ehwexuzayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngokhuni, eyimitha elilodwa kuya kwali-10 ubude, futhi iboshelwe entanjeni eqinile, ngokuvamile inkimbi. Singadlalwa ngezandla, utshani noma ngenduku yokhuni noma igatsha. Akucaci ukuthi isithontolo sasungulwa ngomnsalo wokuzingela, yize abaThwa (amaSan namaBushmen) bogwadule laseKalahari beguqula imicibisholo yabo yokuzingela isetshenziswe emculweni.<ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows|encyclopedia=britannica.com|author=Donald Keith Robotham}}</ref> Izinhlobo zesithontolo zihlanganisa esidlalwa ngomlomo, esidlalwa ngomhlaba, kanye nesithontolo esidlalwa ngeselwa esibizwa '''umakhweyana.'''<ref>Nzewi, Meki and Nzewi, Odyke (2007). ''A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts: Informed by African Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Volume 1: The Root: Foundation'', p. 108. African Minds. {{ISBN|9781920051624}}</ref><ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows}}</ref> == uMlando == {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | image1 = Ragaputra Sarang painting, from Bundi, showing "The Divine Musician playsa a pinaki vina".jpg | width1 = 145 | alt1 = Indian Musical bow in art | caption1 = India, ca. 1725, Uhlobo lweBundi. Umculo ongokwasezulwini udlala isithontolo esinesihloko esifakiwe okhambeni lmnkenenezo.<ref name=journal>{{cite journal |journal= National Center for Performing Arts Quarterly Journal |author= Joep Bor |title= The Voice of the Sarangi, An Illustrated History of Bowing in India |pages= 38–47|volume= 15 & 16 |date= 1986–1987 |url= https://archive.org/details/MusicRes-Periodicals|quote= [Three issues of this quarterly journal were combined into one; Volume 15 (issues 3 and 4) and Volume 16 (issue 1).]}}</ref> |image2=Illustration of Homme masque en Bison jourant de la flute Wellcome M0004767.jpg |width2=150px |alt2=engraving of cave wall art |caption2=Umdwebo wesigcawu sasemgedeni obizwa Trois Frères, ibonisa othile ophethe isithontolo. }} Kunokuqagula ukuthi umnsalo wokucibishela yiwona owasetshenziswa okokuqala ngesilekeleli somculo eminyakeni eyizi-13,000 edlule.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Origin of Musical Instruments and Sounds|author=Bo Lawergren|page=36|journal=Anthropos|volume=83|issue = 1/3|edition=83|year=1988|publisher= Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|jstor = 40461485}}</ref> UHenri Breuil wahlola iMigede eseFrance ebizwa Trois Frères futhi wavuselela umgwedo womdwebo ineminyaka eyizi-13,000&nbsp;B.C. ubudala.<ref name=frerescavedate>{{cite web|url= http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/trois-freres-cave.htm| title=Trois Freres Cave|access-date=March 27, 2015|quote=Henri Breuil surveyed the cave... a detailed study was published by H.Breuil and R.Begouen of the hundreds of engraved drawings in the deep gallery known as the "Sanctuary"...Its walls are filled with some 280 engraved (often superimposed) images of bison, horses, stags, reindeer, ibexes, and mammoths... }}</ref> Umgwedo wakhe uveza othile ochazwa ngokuthi, "umlisa ozifihlile ofana nenyathi," ophakathi kwemihlambi eluswayo, "ulusa lemihlambi elokhu edlala isithontolo."<ref name=frerescavedate/><ref name=Garcia>{{cite web |url= http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180902031447/http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2 September 2018|title= EL ARTE RUPESTRE PALEOLÍTICO EN LAS CUEVAS FRANCESAS. LA CUEVA DE LASCAUX. |last=Garcia |first= Alfredo|date=5 October 2014 |website=algargosarte.blogspot.com |quote=[Concerning a pair of images below the text; the top image is a line drawing showing a herd of animals drawn over one another with the hunter and bow in the pack; the other image is a photo of the cave wall with that image, enhanced to show the hunter and animals directly in front of him distinctly:] En Les Trois Frères destacaría su estilo tan naturalista... Es famosa la escena que del hombre camuflado como un bisonte, ¿Un chamán o un cazador?, que persigue o conduce a otros animales y que he destacado del conjunto superpuesto de abajo.|trans-quote=In Les Trois Frères I would highlight his naturalistic style...The scene is famous, that of the man camouflaged to resemble a bison, (a shaman or a hunter?), that pursues or leads other animals, and that I have stood out from the set superimposed below...}}</ref><ref name=Walter>{{cite book |last= Walter |first= Eugene Victor|date= 1988|title= Placeways: A Theory of the Human Environment |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFXcXKI5tIC&q=%22musical+bow%22%2C+%22Trois+Fr%C3%A8res%22&pg=PA89|location= Chapel Hill, North Carolina|publisher=UNC Press Books |page=89 |isbn= 978-0-8078-1758-2 |quote=a semi-human figure dances in the midst of the animals...herding the beasts and playing a musical bow. He wears the head and fur of a bison with human legs... }}</ref> Lo mdwebo uyaphanjaniswa, futhi labo okudingeka bawukhiqize ngemibala egqamile, kusamele basebenze kakhulu ukuze kube imibala okuyiyona.<ref name=Garcia/><ref name=Walter/> Kuncazelo ethi umfanekiso "womzingeli ongimbhili" uthatha umnsalo njengesithontolo, esisetshenziswa njengesilekeleli somculo elinomuci owodwa.<ref name=Walter/><ref name=vanCampen>{{cite web | last1= Campen | first1 = Ank van| title= The music-bow from prehistory till today | url= http://www.harphistory.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=17&lang=en | website= HarpHistory.info| access-date= March 26, 2015|quote=A cave-painting in the "Trois Frères" cave in France dating from about 15,000 years ago. The magician-hunter plays the musical bow.}}</ref> Ukuthi isilekeleli esisemgedeni siyisithontolo noma umnsalo, abachazimculo bayazibiza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lesilekeleli yisoba esandulela ezikhona namuhla zohlobo okufanayo, zohlobo lwechordophone: njenge-lute, i-lyre, ihabhu (harp), ne-zither. Kodwa uCurt Sachs yena wathi kunezizathu ezinhle zokungathatgi iminsalo njengesithontolo.<ref name=bowtolute1>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/56 56–57] |isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi isithontolo zokuqala zazinobide obubgamagxatgu alishumi, okuzenza zingasebenzi ekuzingeleni, futhi "izithontolo aziyamaniswa nezinkolelo nemicikilisho yokuzingela."<ref name=bowtolute1/> Kodwa uSachs uthatha izithontolo njengezibalulekile.<ref name=bowtolute>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/136 136–137]|isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Ubheka ubufakazi bonchachiso othi izithontolo zandulela ama-lute achomboziwe njengobunesisekelo.<ref name=bowtolute/> Izithontolo zidinga isinkeneneza, okulugubhu, okwenziwa ngoselwa noma umlomo womculi, ukuze kumele umsindo womculo.<ref name=bowtolute1/> Nakuba isithontolo singashaywa ngendlela esenza sikhiphe imisino eminingana, Kodwa zonke izilekeleli ezifaniselwe kuso zikhipha umsindo owodwa, umucu ngamunye.<ref name=bowtolute1/><ref name=Dumbrillp179>{{cite book |last=Dumbrill |first=Richard J. |date=1998 |title=The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East |location=London |publisher=Tadema Press |pages=179, 231, 235–236, 308–310}}</ref> Umucu ngamunye odlalwayo ukhipha umsindo owodwa, ngakho lapho kudlalwa eminye imicu, imisindo iyanda njengesilekeleli esiyihabhu, esinemicu eminingana nemisindo eminingana.<ref name=Dumbrillp179/> Okunye ucandululo kwenzeka lapho ihabhu lwenziwa luqombothe lube isilekeleli esibizwa bridge sokukhuphula imicu yomqala, kwase kwenziwa ilute.<ref>{{harvnb|Dumbrill|1998|pp=308–310}}</ref> Izithontolo ziyasetshenziswa nanamuhla emasikweni amaningi. Ziyatholakala [[Eswatini]], nase[[Madagascar]], naseziqhingini [[Réunion]]. nangaphandle kweAfrika, njengoba eBrazili sibizwa berimbau, kukhona nohlobo olubizwa malunga (zombili zisuselwa kwesithibtolo saseAfrika). == kwelase-Africa == {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | image2 = Instrument musical traditionnel Burundais.jpg | width2 = 165 | alt2 = Umuduri musical bow | caption2 =Isithontolo esibizwa ''Umuduri'' esisetshenziswa eBurundi naseRwanda esifana no-hadi lwaseNingizimu Afrika. | image1 = Jeune fille païenne jouant du thomo.jpg | width1 = 139 | alt1 = musical bow | caption1 = Isithontolo esibizwa Uhadi ngesiXhosa noma 'thomo' ngesiSuthu. | footer = Two bows in which the resonator is a gourd, attached to the instrument's center and pressed into the musician's chest or stomach. Both are sounded with a stick. }} Ngenxa yesimo ezakhowa ngaso nezidlalwa ngaso, izithontolo ziyizilekeleli ezithulile, ngalokho zidinga isinkeneneza ukuze zinkeneneze. Isinkeneneza luvame ukuba iselwa (nalapho kudlalwa ''uhadi'', ''umakhweyana'', ''segankure'', ''xitende'', ''berimbau'', njll.) noma umlomo womdlali (njengalapho kudlalwa ''umrhubhe'', ''umqangala'', ''tshihwana'', ''xizambi'', njll.) Izithontolo ziyizilekeleli eziyonhloko zabeNgubi nabeSuthu, okungavantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Osomlando bakholwa ukuthi iningi lezithontolo zaqhamuka nabaThwa. Nakuba zihlukile izithontolo zingafani, zonke zinokufana okuthile: zidinga isinkeneneza namanothi amabili ayisisekelo: Amanothi amandla yilawo ayisisekelo, ajulile ngomsindo womucu, kuyilapho amanothi aphezulu wona akhiqizea isinkeneneza. Kukhona amanothi amabili ayisisekelo akhiqizwa izithontolo kukhona, ''avulekile'' (lapho umdlali engafushanisi noma athinte umucu) kube khona ''avalekile'' (lapho Umucu ufushaniswa noma umiswa isandla somdlali). Lama nothing amabili asuke esemucwini, okwenza ahlukaniswe noma miswe ngomuci oboshelwe eselweni, ikakhulu ku-''makhweyana'', ''xitende'', ''berimbau'', ''hungu'', njll. Isiqubu phakathi kwamanothi avulekile navalekile sivame ukuthinta umvumo wonke. Ezinye izilekeleli ezinamanothi angaphezu kwamabili, njengo-''umakhweyana'' noma 'i-''xitende'' zinamatuathu, kuyilapho i- ''tshihwana'' inamane.<ref name="christine">{{cite book |last=Lucia|first=Christine|date=2005|title=The World of South African Music: A Reader|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Press|page=239|isbn=9781904303367}}</ref> ===Amanye amagama=== [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee Samo muzikanten bespelen de muziekboog TMnr 20010314.jpg|thumb|200px|Abaculi abangamaSamo base-Burkina Faso bedlala isithontolo, besebenzisa imilomo njengezinkenenezi. 1970–1971.]] Izithontolo zaziwa ngamagama ahlukene ezolimo zaseNingizimu Afrika - amanye asho izithontolo esisebenzisa iselwa njengesinkenenea, amanye awalezo esisebenzisa umlomo:<ref name="christine"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dhost.info/etno/capoeira/musical.bow/musical-bow.htm|title=Musical Bow|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |access-date=2015-01-22}}</ref> *Ngesi-Akele: ''ngongo'' *NgesiKimbundu: ''hungu'' *NgesiNguni: ''makhoyane'' *NgesiPedi: ''lekope'' *NgesiSotho: ''lesiba'', ''thomo'', ''setolotolo'' *NgesiTepehuán: ''gat'' *NgesiTswana: ''segankure'' *NgesiTsonga: ''xizambi'', ''xitende'' *Ngesimbundu: ''ombulumbumba'' *NgesiVenda: ''tshihwana'', ''lugube'', ''tshijolo'' *NgesiXhosa: ''uhadi'', ''umrhubhe'', ''umqunge'', ''inkinge'' *NgesiZulu: ''umakhweyana'', ''ugubu'', ''umqangala'', ''uluqwabe''<ref>{{cite journal|author-last=Dargie|author-first=Dave|editor-last=Oehrle|editor-first=Elizabeth |title= Magical Musical Bows|publisher = Digital Innovation South Africa |journal= The Talking Drum |issue =16 |date =September 2001 |url= http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/TALKING_DRUM}}</ref> *Ngesi!Kung: ''m'bolumbumba'' *NgesiLingala: ''tolo-tolo'' ==Amaphatho== 8ck4bipsqf26lfu3glv4hemjecf79cc 129884 129883 2026-09-28T04:44:59Z Fongcwele 16873 /* kwelase-Africa */ 129884 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MusicalBow.gif|thumb|300x300px|Umlisa ongum-Obu udlala isithontolo e-Obubra, esifundazweni Cross River, eNigeria]] ''''''Isithontolo'''''' ('''uluqwabe''' noma '''Umakhweyana''') uyisilekeleli somculo esisetshenziswa abantu abaningi base-Afrika kanye nabantu bomdabu baseMelika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musical Bow|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/501113|website=metmuseum.org}}</ref> Wenziwa ngenduku ehwexuzayo, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngokhuni, eyimitha elilodwa kuya kwali-10 ubude, futhi iboshelwe entanjeni eqinile, ngokuvamile inkimbi. Singadlalwa ngezandla, utshani noma ngenduku yokhuni noma igatsha. Akucaci ukuthi isithontolo sasungulwa ngomnsalo wokuzingela, yize abaThwa (amaSan namaBushmen) bogwadule laseKalahari beguqula imicibisholo yabo yokuzingela isetshenziswe emculweni.<ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows|encyclopedia=britannica.com|author=Donald Keith Robotham}}</ref> Izinhlobo zesithontolo zihlanganisa esidlalwa ngomlomo, esidlalwa ngomhlaba, kanye nesithontolo esidlalwa ngeselwa esibizwa '''umakhweyana.'''<ref>Nzewi, Meki and Nzewi, Odyke (2007). ''A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts: Informed by African Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Volume 1: The Root: Foundation'', p. 108. African Minds. {{ISBN|9781920051624}}</ref><ref name="Brit">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music#ref519723|title=African music Musical bows}}</ref> == uMlando == {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | image1 = Ragaputra Sarang painting, from Bundi, showing "The Divine Musician playsa a pinaki vina".jpg | width1 = 145 | alt1 = Indian Musical bow in art | caption1 = India, ca. 1725, Uhlobo lweBundi. Umculo ongokwasezulwini udlala isithontolo esinesihloko esifakiwe okhambeni lmnkenenezo.<ref name=journal>{{cite journal |journal= National Center for Performing Arts Quarterly Journal |author= Joep Bor |title= The Voice of the Sarangi, An Illustrated History of Bowing in India |pages= 38–47|volume= 15 & 16 |date= 1986–1987 |url= https://archive.org/details/MusicRes-Periodicals|quote= [Three issues of this quarterly journal were combined into one; Volume 15 (issues 3 and 4) and Volume 16 (issue 1).]}}</ref> |image2=Illustration of Homme masque en Bison jourant de la flute Wellcome M0004767.jpg |width2=150px |alt2=engraving of cave wall art |caption2=Umdwebo wesigcawu sasemgedeni obizwa Trois Frères, ibonisa othile ophethe isithontolo. }} Kunokuqagula ukuthi umnsalo wokucibishela yiwona owasetshenziswa okokuqala ngesilekeleli somculo eminyakeni eyizi-13,000 edlule.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Origin of Musical Instruments and Sounds|author=Bo Lawergren|page=36|journal=Anthropos|volume=83|issue = 1/3|edition=83|year=1988|publisher= Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|jstor = 40461485}}</ref> UHenri Breuil wahlola iMigede eseFrance ebizwa Trois Frères futhi wavuselela umgwedo womdwebo ineminyaka eyizi-13,000&nbsp;B.C. ubudala.<ref name=frerescavedate>{{cite web|url= http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/trois-freres-cave.htm| title=Trois Freres Cave|access-date=March 27, 2015|quote=Henri Breuil surveyed the cave... a detailed study was published by H.Breuil and R.Begouen of the hundreds of engraved drawings in the deep gallery known as the "Sanctuary"...Its walls are filled with some 280 engraved (often superimposed) images of bison, horses, stags, reindeer, ibexes, and mammoths... }}</ref> Umgwedo wakhe uveza othile ochazwa ngokuthi, "umlisa ozifihlile ofana nenyathi," ophakathi kwemihlambi eluswayo, "ulusa lemihlambi elokhu edlala isithontolo."<ref name=frerescavedate/><ref name=Garcia>{{cite web |url= http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180902031447/http://algargosarte.blogspot.com/2014/10/el-arte-rupestre-paleolitico-en-las.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 2 September 2018|title= EL ARTE RUPESTRE PALEOLÍTICO EN LAS CUEVAS FRANCESAS. LA CUEVA DE LASCAUX. |last=Garcia |first= Alfredo|date=5 October 2014 |website=algargosarte.blogspot.com |quote=[Concerning a pair of images below the text; the top image is a line drawing showing a herd of animals drawn over one another with the hunter and bow in the pack; the other image is a photo of the cave wall with that image, enhanced to show the hunter and animals directly in front of him distinctly:] En Les Trois Frères destacaría su estilo tan naturalista... Es famosa la escena que del hombre camuflado como un bisonte, ¿Un chamán o un cazador?, que persigue o conduce a otros animales y que he destacado del conjunto superpuesto de abajo.|trans-quote=In Les Trois Frères I would highlight his naturalistic style...The scene is famous, that of the man camouflaged to resemble a bison, (a shaman or a hunter?), that pursues or leads other animals, and that I have stood out from the set superimposed below...}}</ref><ref name=Walter>{{cite book |last= Walter |first= Eugene Victor|date= 1988|title= Placeways: A Theory of the Human Environment |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFXcXKI5tIC&q=%22musical+bow%22%2C+%22Trois+Fr%C3%A8res%22&pg=PA89|location= Chapel Hill, North Carolina|publisher=UNC Press Books |page=89 |isbn= 978-0-8078-1758-2 |quote=a semi-human figure dances in the midst of the animals...herding the beasts and playing a musical bow. He wears the head and fur of a bison with human legs... }}</ref> Lo mdwebo uyaphanjaniswa, futhi labo okudingeka bawukhiqize ngemibala egqamile, kusamele basebenze kakhulu ukuze kube imibala okuyiyona.<ref name=Garcia/><ref name=Walter/> Kuncazelo ethi umfanekiso "womzingeli ongimbhili" uthatha umnsalo njengesithontolo, esisetshenziswa njengesilekeleli somculo elinomuci owodwa.<ref name=Walter/><ref name=vanCampen>{{cite web | last1= Campen | first1 = Ank van| title= The music-bow from prehistory till today | url= http://www.harphistory.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=65&Itemid=17&lang=en | website= HarpHistory.info| access-date= March 26, 2015|quote=A cave-painting in the "Trois Frères" cave in France dating from about 15,000 years ago. The magician-hunter plays the musical bow.}}</ref> Ukuthi isilekeleli esisemgedeni siyisithontolo noma umnsalo, abachazimculo bayazibiza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lesilekeleli yisoba esandulela ezikhona namuhla zohlobo okufanayo, zohlobo lwechordophone: njenge-lute, i-lyre, ihabhu (harp), ne-zither. Kodwa uCurt Sachs yena wathi kunezizathu ezinhle zokungathatgi iminsalo njengesithontolo.<ref name=bowtolute1>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/56 56–57] |isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi isithontolo zokuqala zazinobide obubgamagxatgu alishumi, okuzenza zingasebenzi ekuzingeleni, futhi "izithontolo aziyamaniswa nezinkolelo nemicikilisho yokuzingela."<ref name=bowtolute1/> Kodwa uSachs uthatha izithontolo njengezibalulekile.<ref name=bowtolute>{{cite book |last=Sachs |first=Curt |date=1940 |title=The History of Musical Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach|url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmusical00sach/page/136 136–137]|isbn=9780393020687 }}</ref> Ubheka ubufakazi bonchachiso othi izithontolo zandulela ama-lute achomboziwe njengobunesisekelo.<ref name=bowtolute/> Izithontolo zidinga isinkeneneza, okulugubhu, okwenziwa ngoselwa noma umlomo womculi, ukuze kumele umsindo womculo.<ref name=bowtolute1/> Nakuba isithontolo singashaywa ngendlela esenza sikhiphe imisino eminingana, Kodwa zonke izilekeleli ezifaniselwe kuso zikhipha umsindo owodwa, umucu ngamunye.<ref name=bowtolute1/><ref name=Dumbrillp179>{{cite book |last=Dumbrill |first=Richard J. |date=1998 |title=The Archaeomusicology of the Ancient Near East |location=London |publisher=Tadema Press |pages=179, 231, 235–236, 308–310}}</ref> Umucu ngamunye odlalwayo ukhipha umsindo owodwa, ngakho lapho kudlalwa eminye imicu, imisindo iyanda njengesilekeleli esiyihabhu, esinemicu eminingana nemisindo eminingana.<ref name=Dumbrillp179/> Okunye ucandululo kwenzeka lapho ihabhu lwenziwa luqombothe lube isilekeleli esibizwa bridge sokukhuphula imicu yomqala, kwase kwenziwa ilute.<ref>{{harvnb|Dumbrill|1998|pp=308–310}}</ref> Izithontolo ziyasetshenziswa nanamuhla emasikweni amaningi. Ziyatholakala [[Eswatini]], nase[[Madagascar]], naseziqhingini [[Réunion]]. nangaphandle kweAfrika, njengoba eBrazili sibizwa berimbau, kukhona nohlobo olubizwa malunga (zombili zisuselwa kwesithibtolo saseAfrika). == kwelase-Africa == {{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center | align = right | image2 = Instrument musical traditionnel Burundais.jpg | width2 = 165 | alt2 = Umuduri musical bow | caption2 =Isithontolo esibizwa ''Umuduri'' esisetshenziswa eBurundi naseRwanda esifana no-hadi lwaseNingizimu Afrika. | image1 = Jeune fille païenne jouant du thomo.jpg | width1 = 139 | alt1 = musical bow | caption1 = Isithontolo esibizwa Uhadi ngesiXhosa noma 'thomo' ngesiSuthu. | footer = Izithontolo ezimbili esisebenzisa iselwa njengesinkeneneza, esinamathiselwe maphakathi nesilkeleli futhi zicindezlewa esiswini noma esifubeni, zombili zidlalwa ngenduku. }} Ngenxa yesimo ezakhowa ngaso nezidlalwa ngaso, izithontolo ziyizilekeleli ezithulile, ngalokho zidinga isinkeneneza ukuze zinkeneneze. Isinkeneneza luvame ukuba iselwa (nalapho kudlalwa ''uhadi'', ''umakhweyana'', ''segankure'', ''xitende'', ''berimbau'', njll.) noma umlomo womdlali (njengalapho kudlalwa ''umrhubhe'', ''umqangala'', ''tshihwana'', ''xizambi'', njll.) Izithontolo ziyizilekeleli eziyonhloko zabeNgubi nabeSuthu, okungavantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Osomlando bakholwa ukuthi iningi lezithontolo zaqhamuka nabaThwa. Nakuba zihlukile izithontolo zingafani, zonke zinokufana okuthile: zidinga isinkeneneza namanothi amabili ayisisekelo: Amanothi amandla yilawo ayisisekelo, ajulile ngomsindo womucu, kuyilapho amanothi aphezulu wona akhiqizea isinkeneneza. Kukhona amanothi amabili ayisisekelo akhiqizwa izithontolo kukhona, ''avulekile'' (lapho umdlali engafushanisi noma athinte umucu) kube khona ''avalekile'' (lapho Umucu ufushaniswa noma umiswa isandla somdlali). Lama nothing amabili asuke esemucwini, okwenza ahlukaniswe noma miswe ngomuci oboshelwe eselweni, ikakhulu ku-''makhweyana'', ''xitende'', ''berimbau'', ''hungu'', njll. Isiqubu phakathi kwamanothi avulekile navalekile sivame ukuthinta umvumo wonke. Ezinye izilekeleli ezinamanothi angaphezu kwamabili, njengo-''umakhweyana'' noma 'i-''xitende'' zinamatuathu, kuyilapho i- ''tshihwana'' inamane.<ref name="christine">{{cite book |last=Lucia|first=Christine|date=2005|title=The World of South African Music: A Reader|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Press|page=239|isbn=9781904303367}}</ref> ===Amanye amagama=== [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Twee Samo muzikanten bespelen de muziekboog TMnr 20010314.jpg|thumb|200px|Abaculi abangamaSamo base-Burkina Faso bedlala isithontolo, besebenzisa imilomo njengezinkenenezi. 1970–1971.]] Izithontolo zaziwa ngamagama ahlukene ezolimo zaseNingizimu Afrika - amanye asho izithontolo esisebenzisa iselwa njengesinkenenea, amanye awalezo esisebenzisa umlomo:<ref name="christine"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://dhost.info/etno/capoeira/musical.bow/musical-bow.htm|title=Musical Bow|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |access-date=2015-01-22}}</ref> *Ngesi-Akele: ''ngongo'' *NgesiKimbundu: ''hungu'' *NgesiNguni: ''makhoyane'' *NgesiPedi: ''lekope'' *NgesiSotho: ''lesiba'', ''thomo'', ''setolotolo'' *NgesiTepehuán: ''gat'' *NgesiTswana: ''segankure'' *NgesiTsonga: ''xizambi'', ''xitende'' *Ngesimbundu: ''ombulumbumba'' *NgesiVenda: ''tshihwana'', ''lugube'', ''tshijolo'' *NgesiXhosa: ''uhadi'', ''umrhubhe'', ''umqunge'', ''inkinge'' *NgesiZulu: ''umakhweyana'', ''ugubu'', ''umqangala'', ''uluqwabe''<ref>{{cite journal|author-last=Dargie|author-first=Dave|editor-last=Oehrle|editor-first=Elizabeth |title= Magical Musical Bows|publisher = Digital Innovation South Africa |journal= The Talking Drum |issue =16 |date =September 2001 |url= http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/TALKING_DRUM}}</ref> *Ngesi!Kung: ''m'bolumbumba'' *NgesiLingala: ''tolo-tolo'' ==Amaphatho== ptaeajce21fndozll6sj25qxcu94qlv 0 35560 129828 2026-09-27T12:24:41Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding reference 129828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I-Impala''' iyisilwane sasendle esingumhlobo wenyamazane ezingeni eliphakathi, esaziwa kakhulu ngobuhle, ukugijima ngesivinini, kanye nokugxuma okuyisimanga. Le nyamazane inombala obomvu obomvana emhlane nasemaceleni, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu imhlophe. Enye yezinto ezikwenza uyibone kalula i-impala yimigqa emnyama ebukeka njengohlamvu u-"M" emilenzeni yayo yangemuva nasemsileni. Amaduna e-impala nawo ahluke ngokuba nezimpondo ezinde, ezigoqekile ezibukeka njenge-lyre, kanti izikhukhukazi zona azinazo izimpondo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> I-impala itholakala kakhulu emagcekeni otshani nasemahlathini ayingxenye yaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezifana neKruger National Park lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziseduze namanzi lapho kunezihlahla zomtholo ezibanika umthunzi nokudla. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, i-impala iyisilwane esingakhethi kakhulu; idla utshani obusha lapho kunawo, kanti ngezikhathi zokomisa idla amaqabunga ezihlahla, amahlumela, izithelo, namagxolo ezihlahla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene ne-impala ukuba yinyama yezilwane ezizingelayo ezifana nezingonyama, amahlosi, izingwe, nezimbuzi zasendle (izimpisi). Ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala ziqaphile futhi zisebenzisa ukugxuma okuphezulu kakhulu (okuze kufike ku-3 metres) ukubalekela izitha zazo. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-impala abhekene nenguyazana yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu abafuna inyama yawo (bushmeat) kanye nokulahlekelwa yizindawo zawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokunwebeka kwemizi nemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ukuzalana kwama-impala kulandela isikhathi sonyaka futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana esaziwa ngokuthi i-rut, esivame ukuba sekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula. Amaduna alwa kanzima ekhombisa amandla ukuze awine ilungelo lokukhwelana nezikhukhukazi. Inyoni ye-impala ithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-'''190-200)''' ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Umama uvame ukuzalela eceleni etshanini obude ukuze afihle ithole ezilwaneni ezizingelayo, adlule alincelise amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba bajoyine umhlambi omkhulu futhi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> 7fyu65agvftjuj1avi8le24q8ntam6k 129829 129828 2026-09-27T12:25:00Z Quinlan83 15112 Fix 129829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I-Impala''' iyisilwane sasendle esingumhlobo wenyamazane ezingeni eliphakathi, esaziwa kakhulu ngobuhle, ukugijima ngesivinini, kanye nokugxuma okuyisimanga. Le nyamazane inombala obomvu obomvana emhlane nasemaceleni, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu imhlophe. Enye yezinto ezikwenza uyibone kalula i-impala yimigqa emnyama ebukeka njengohlamvu u-"M" emilenzeni yayo yangemuva nasemsileni. Amaduna e-impala nawo ahluke ngokuba nezimpondo ezinde, ezigoqekile ezibukeka njenge-lyre, kanti izikhukhukazi zona azinazo izimpondo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> I-impala itholakala kakhulu emagcekeni otshani nasemahlathini ayingxenye yaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezifana neKruger National Park lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziseduze namanzi lapho kunezihlahla zomtholo ezibanika umthunzi nokudla. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, i-impala iyisilwane esingakhethi kakhulu; idla utshani obusha lapho kunawo, kanti ngezikhathi zokomisa idla amaqabunga ezihlahla, amahlumela, izithelo, namagxolo ezihlahla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene ne-impala ukuba yinyama yezilwane ezizingelayo ezifana nezingonyama, amahlosi, izingwe, nezimbuzi zasendle (izimpisi). Ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala ziqaphile futhi zisebenzisa ukugxuma okuphezulu kakhulu (okuze kufike ku-3 metres) ukubalekela izitha zazo. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-impala abhekene nenguyazana yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu abafuna inyama yawo (bushmeat) kanye nokulahlekelwa yizindawo zawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokunwebeka kwemizi nemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ukuzalana kwama-impala kulandela isikhathi sonyaka futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana esaziwa ngokuthi i-rut, esivame ukuba sekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula. Amaduna alwa kanzima ekhombisa amandla ukuze awine ilungelo lokukhwelana nezikhukhukazi. Inyoni ye-impala ithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-'''190-200)''' ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Umama uvame ukuzalela eceleni etshanini obude ukuze afihle ithole ezilwaneni ezizingelayo, adlule alincelise amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba bajoyine umhlambi omkhulu futhi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> k4dt5gtzr2m9w1mcxpu2pu1qc99z9qt 129830 129829 2026-09-27T12:27:16Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture 129830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aepyceros melampus.jpg|thumb|izimpala]] '''I-Impala''' iyisilwane sasendle esingumhlobo wenyamazane ezingeni eliphakathi, esaziwa kakhulu ngobuhle, ukugijima ngesivinini, kanye nokugxuma okuyisimanga. Le nyamazane inombala obomvu obomvana emhlane nasemaceleni, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu imhlophe. Enye yezinto ezikwenza uyibone kalula i-impala yimigqa emnyama ebukeka njengohlamvu u-"M" emilenzeni yayo yangemuva nasemsileni. Amaduna e-impala nawo ahluke ngokuba nezimpondo ezinde, ezigoqekile ezibukeka njenge-lyre, kanti izikhukhukazi zona azinazo izimpondo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> I-impala itholakala kakhulu emagcekeni otshani nasemahlathini ayingxenye yaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezifana neKruger National Park lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziseduze namanzi lapho kunezihlahla zomtholo ezibanika umthunzi nokudla. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, i-impala iyisilwane esingakhethi kakhulu; idla utshani obusha lapho kunawo, kanti ngezikhathi zokomisa idla amaqabunga ezihlahla, amahlumela, izithelo, namagxolo ezihlahla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene ne-impala ukuba yinyama yezilwane ezizingelayo ezifana nezingonyama, amahlosi, izingwe, nezimbuzi zasendle (izimpisi). Ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala ziqaphile futhi zisebenzisa ukugxuma okuphezulu kakhulu (okuze kufike ku-3 metres) ukubalekela izitha zazo. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ama-impala abhekene nenguyazana yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu abafuna inyama yawo (bushmeat) kanye nokulahlekelwa yizindawo zawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokunwebeka kwemizi nemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> Ukuzalana kwama-impala kulandela isikhathi sonyaka futhi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana esaziwa ngokuthi i-rut, esivame ukuba sekupheleni kwesikhathi semvula. Amaduna alwa kanzima ekhombisa amandla ukuze awine ilungelo lokukhwelana nezikhukhukazi. Inyoni ye-impala ithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-'''190-200)''' ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Umama uvame ukuzalela eceleni etshanini obude ukuze afihle ithole ezilwaneni ezizingelayo, adlule alincelise amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba bajoyine umhlambi omkhulu futhi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/nr/impala.html</ref> 0ewb2ssdez9qpcgrs9mp8f8o9qlo9p4 0 35561 129833 2026-09-27T12:42:23Z Mhlungwane 25499 add reference 129833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intuhu i'''yisilwane sasendle esincane esingomndeni owodwa nezimpisi '''(hyenas)''', nakuba yona inokuthula futhi ingenalo udlame. Ukubukeka kwayo kufana kakhulu nempisi enezitho ezinde ngenxa yokuthi amahlombe ayo aphakeme kakhulu kunengxenye yomzimba yangemuva. Inoboya obuphuzi noma obumpunga obunemigqa emnyama emidlangala emaceleni, kanye nomhlwenga omude wamabele phakathi nendawo emhlane owasukumayo lapho yethukile noma izivikela ukuze ibukeke inkudlwana.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ezinotshani nasezinkangala zasemafundeni aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika. Intuhu idinga izindawo lapho umuhlwa ukhula khona kakhulu ngoba iyasilwane esiphila ngokudla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi umuhlwa wokuvuna (harvester termites). Ayinawo amazinyo aqinile okuhlafuna inyama efana neyezimpisi ezinkulu, ngakho isebenzisa ulimi lwayo olubanzi nolunamathelayo ukuze ikhothe izinkulungwane zomuhlwa phansi ngobusuku obubodwa ngaphandle kokumba isiduli.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nentuhu ukushayiswa yizimoto emigwaqweni kanye nokudliwa izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo ezifana nezingwe, izimpisi ezinkulu, nezinkentshane. Nakuba ingelona ushushiso kubafuyi ngoba ingadli izimvu nezimbuzi, izikhathi eziningi ibulawa ngabafuyi abayiphidanisa nempisi ngenxa yokufana kwazo ngokubukeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibulali-zinambuzane (pesticides) ezifuthwa abantu ukubulala umuhlwa emapulazini ziyayisongela kakhulu ngoba zishiya intuhu ingenalo ukudla noma ziyidlinise ngobuthi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> Intuhu yisilwane esihlala ngababili (iduna nensikazi) impilo yabo yonke, futhi zivikela indawo yazo ngokuhlanganyela. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kobusika, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezimelwe yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-90 (izinyanga ezintathu''')'''. Izalela emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba, lapho izala khona amathole amabili kuya kwamane. Amathole ahlala emgodini ephephile phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala, lapho amaduna nawo edlala khona indima enkulu yokugada umgodi ebusuku ngenkathi omama beyofuna ukudla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> 6vgzhrvig94fk42vla9ht9g87ov4r06 129834 129833 2026-09-27T12:43:42Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture 129834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intuhu i'''yisilwane sasendle esincane esingomndeni owodwa nezimpisi '''(hyenas)''', nakuba yona inokuthula futhi ingenalo udlame. Ukubukeka kwayo kufana kakhulu nempisi enezitho ezinde ngenxa yokuthi amahlombe ayo aphakeme kakhulu kunengxenye yomzimba yangemuva. Inoboya obuphuzi noma obumpunga obunemigqa emnyama emidlangala emaceleni, kanye nomhlwenga omude wamabele phakathi nendawo emhlane owasukumayo lapho yethukile noma izivikela ukuze ibukeke inkudlwana.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|thumb|intuhu]] Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ezinotshani nasezinkangala zasemafundeni aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika. Intuhu idinga izindawo lapho umuhlwa ukhula khona kakhulu ngoba iyasilwane esiphila ngokudla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi umuhlwa wokuvuna (harvester termites). Ayinawo amazinyo aqinile okuhlafuna inyama efana neyezimpisi ezinkulu, ngakho isebenzisa ulimi lwayo olubanzi nolunamathelayo ukuze ikhothe izinkulungwane zomuhlwa phansi ngobusuku obubodwa ngaphandle kokumba isiduli.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nentuhu ukushayiswa yizimoto emigwaqweni kanye nokudliwa izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo ezifana nezingwe, izimpisi ezinkulu, nezinkentshane. Nakuba ingelona ushushiso kubafuyi ngoba ingadli izimvu nezimbuzi, izikhathi eziningi ibulawa ngabafuyi abayiphidanisa nempisi ngenxa yokufana kwazo ngokubukeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibulali-zinambuzane (pesticides) ezifuthwa abantu ukubulala umuhlwa emapulazini ziyayisongela kakhulu ngoba zishiya intuhu ingenalo ukudla noma ziyidlinise ngobuthi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> Intuhu yisilwane esihlala ngababili (iduna nensikazi) impilo yabo yonke, futhi zivikela indawo yazo ngokuhlanganyela. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kobusika, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezimelwe yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-90 (izinyanga ezintathu''')'''. Izalela emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba, lapho izala khona amathole amabili kuya kwamane. Amathole ahlala emgodini ephephile phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala, lapho amaduna nawo edlala khona indima enkulu yokugada umgodi ebusuku ngenkathi omama beyofuna ukudla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/aardwolf.html</ref> 72sa2j8m5znzfp3ux8d54yx6fpbxudi 0 35562 129837 2026-09-27T12:56:10Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding reference and picture 129837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Insele''' isilwane sasendle esincane esingomndeni owodwa nezinkalane (weasels), esaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ngesibindi saso esingaqhathaniseki nangenkani. Inomzimba omfushane, oqinile, nemilenze emifushane enezinsho ezinde ezibukhali ezilungele ukumba. Ukubukeka kwayo kuhlukile ngoba inoboya obumnyama qwa ngezansi nasemaceleni, kodwa ibe nebhande elibanzi elimhlophe noma elingumpunga elisuka esiphongweni ligobe ngeqolo layo lonke kuze kuyoshaya emsileni. Isikhumba sayo silukhuni futhi kuxekethile, okwenza kube nzima ukuba izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyilume ziyibambe flat.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/honey-badger.html</ref> [[File:Honey Badger Mellivora capensis Jerusalem Al Quds by Prof Dr Norman Ali Khalaf 2013.jpg|thumb|insele]] Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi e-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara, kuhlanganise naseNingizimu Afrika, nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Asiya. Insele ikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana namahlathi omile, izinkangala, nasezindaweni eziyizinkwadla ezomile kakhulu. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, insele idla yonke into (omnivore); isuke igama layo ngokuthanda uju namawunguwungu ezinyosi, kodwa empeleni idla kakhulu izinyoka (ngisho nezinenhlanzi enobuthi obukhulu '''njengomamba)''', amagundane, izibankwa, izinambuzane, nezimpande zezihlahla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/honey-badger.html</ref> Nakuba insele iyisilwane esincane, iyingozi kakhulu ngoba ayesabi lutho futhi iyakwazi ukulwa nezingonyama namahlosi lapho izivikela. Inobuthi obuyingqayizivele obuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nobuthi bezinyoka obubulalayo. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nayo buvela kubantu, ikakhulukazi kubafuyi bezinyosi nakubafuyi '''bezinkukhu''' abayibulala ngezihlungu noma ngezicupho ngenxa yokuthi icekela phansi amabhokisi ezinyosi ihlasele nezibaya. Iyathinteka futhi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yizindawo zayo zemvelo ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemihlaba.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/honey-badger.html</ref> Insele isilwane esithanda ukuhlala sodwa (solitary) isikhathi esiningi, ngaphandle kuphela kwesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izikhukhukazi (izinsikazi) zithwala isisu izinyanga ezingaba yisithupha (izinsuku eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili) ngaphambi kokuba zizale ithole elilodwa vo, noma amabili ngamaqhinga angavamile. Amathole azalwa engaboni futhi engenaboya, ehlala ephephile emigodini ejulile embiwe ngomama. Umama unakekela ithole lakhe yedwa isikhathi eside (cishe unyaka wonke noma ngaphezulu) emfundisa ukuzingela nokuzivikela ngaphambi kokuba lizimele.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/honey-badger.html</ref> Nakuba insele saziwa ngokwesatshwa ngenxa yesibindi sayo esikhulu, izilwane ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezifana nezingonyama, amahlosi, nezimpisi ezinkulu yizona eziba yingozi kuyo ngokuyizingela nokuyibulala lapho zihlangene noma lapho ithole amandla amancane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathole ensele nawo asengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa izinkozi ezinkulu kanye nezinhlanzi ezinkulu njengamashweshwe lapho omama bawo bengahlezi eduze nawo. Ukuze izivikele kulezi zilwane ezinkudlwana, insele ithemba isikhumba sayo esijiyile esingangenwa lula amazinyo kanye nendlala ekhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu elikwazi ukuxosha izitha zayo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/honey-badger.html</ref> pjsae4ms2ajofsbm823ebxki5mxplui 0 35563 129841 2026-09-27T13:22:10Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture and reference 129841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isambane esimagobolondo (pangolin)''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esiyingqayizivele emhlabeni ngoba umzimba waso wonke uvikelwe ngamagobolondo ansundu naqinile abekelene njengezitshezi zophahla lwendlu. La magobolondo akhiwe nge-keratin, okuwuyena ukhonkolo ofanayo nowenza izinzipho zabantu. Sinekhanda elincane eliciyile, asinawo amazinyo, futhi sinomzimba owugongolo omsila wawo ubanzi futhi unqundekile ekugcineni. Saziwa kakhulu ngokuthi lapho sizwa ingozi, sizisonga sibe yibhola eliqinile elingangenwa lutho ukuze sivikele isisu saso esithambile. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/pangolin.html</ref> Lesi silwane sitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ezinemithi nemigwaqo yotshani (savannah) ezifana naseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasenyakatho ye-KwaZulu-Natal lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Sihlala emigodini esiyiwole phansi noma eshiywe ezinye izilwane. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, isambane esimagobolondo siphila ngokudla izinambuzane kuphela, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezithile zomuhlwa nezintuthwane. Sisebenzisa izinzipho zaso zangaphambili ezinamandla ukugabula iziduli, bese sikhipha ulimi lwaso olude kakhulu nolunamathelayo ukuze sikhote izinambuzane ngaphaphazi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/pangolin.html</ref>[[File:Isambene.png]] Ubungozi obukhulu kakhulu obubhekene nesambane esimagobolondo wukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu (poaching), okwenza kube yisona silwane esincelisayo esishushumbiswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu basizingela kakhulu ngenxa yamagobolondo aso asetshenziswa emithini yesintu (ikakhulukazi e-Asiya) kanye nenyama yaso edliwayo. Ngaphandle kwabantu, izilwane ezidla inyama ezifana nezingonyama namahlosi ziyazama ukusihlasela, kodwa akuziluluzi ngoba amagobolondo aso abukhali aze asike lapho isilwane sizama ukusivula silisongile. Sisongelwa futhi nayizocupho zikagesi emapulazini ezisibulala uma sithintana nazo. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/pangolin.html</ref> Isambane esimagobolondo yisilwane esihlala sodwa, futhi amaduna nezinsikazi bahlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana esifushane. Insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezingaba ngu-4 kuya ku-5 (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-135-140''')''' ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Lapho lizalwa, ithole linegobolondo elithambile nelimhlophe eliqina ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Umama ukhulisa ithole lakhe emgodini ephephile, futhi uma ehamba, ithole ligibela ngenhla kwesiqu somsila kamama. Uma kukhona ingozi, umama uzisonga ebe yibhola azungeze ithole lakhe ukuze alichasise ngomzimba wakhe. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/pangolin.html</ref> pyevif8g2br6gitah2api1i9mmpicy2 0 35564 129843 2026-09-27T13:46:28Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture and reference 129843 wikitext text/x-wiki Udlamhloswana uyisilwane esincane sasendle somndeni wezimpungushe nezinja (canids), esaziwa kakhulu ngezindlebe zaso ezinkulu ngendlela eyisimanga ebukeka njengezempophoma (bats). Sinesindo esiphakathi kuka-3 kuya ka-5 kg, kanti siphakeme kancane phansi. Inoboya obuthambile obumpunga noma obunsundu, ubuso baso bunemigqa emnyama efana nemaski, kanti izindlebe, imilenze engezansi, nomugqa ophezu komsila wayo unombala omnyama qwa. Lezi zindlebe ezinkulu azisizi nje kuphela ukuzwa umsindo olandelayo kodwa zisiza nasendlaleni yokwehlisa ukushisa emzimbeni waso. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/bat-eared-fox.html</ref> Lesi silwane sitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile ezinotshani obufushane (savannah) eMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezindaweni ezomile zaseNingizimu Afrika. Zihlala emigodini engaphansi komhlaba eyombiwe zona ngokwazo noma ezizithatha kwezinye izilwane. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, igama laso liyazicacela ngoba udlamhloswana uphila kakhulu ngokudla umuhlwa wokuvuna (harvester termites) kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezifana namabhungane, amaphela, nezikhonyane. Basebenzisa izindlebe zabo ezibukhali kakhulu ukulalela iminyakazo yomuhlwa ongaphansi kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba bawumbe bawudle. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/bat-eared-fox.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nodlamhloswana wukubanjwa izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo ezifana nezimpungushe ezinkudlwana (black-backed jackals), izimpisi, izingwe, kanye nezinkozi ezinkulu ezizingela amathole azo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-udlamhloswana abhekene nengozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana namalabi (rabies) kanye nesifo se-distemper esingaqeda imihlambi eminingi. Ukufuthwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane (pesticides) ngabantu emapulazini ukuze babulale umuhlwa nakho kuwusongo olukhulu ngoba kubashiya bengenalo ukudla noma babulawe ubuthi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/bat-eared-fox.html</ref> [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|thumb|udlamhloswana]] Ama-udlamhloswana izilwane ezihlala ngababili (iduna nensikazi) isikhathi eside futhi zikhombisa ukwethemana okukhulu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukwenzeka phakathi nobusika, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-60 kuya ku-70''')''' ngaphambi kokuba izale amathole aphakathi kwamatatu kuya kwayisithupha phakathi emgodini uphephile. Okuyingqayizivele ngalezi zilwane ukuthi amaduna (obaba) adlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekukhuliseni amathole; ayawagada, ayawahlanza, futhi adlale nawo ngenkathi umama esayofuna ukudla ukuze akhiqize ubisi olwanele.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/bat-eared-fox.html</ref> ---- tihlli97els22azwhzwjyd21hclj216 0 35565 129844 2026-09-27T13:55:02Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture and reference 129844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ourebia ourebi 63262996.jpg|thumb|iwula]] '''Iwula''' inyamazane encane yasendle enhle kakhulu, eyaziwa ngezitho ezinde, intamo ende, nezindlebe ezinkulu ezime njengeqanda. Inoboya obuthambile obunombala onsundu ngasentla okuyisaka elibomvu, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu, esifubeni nasentanyeni imhlophe qwa. Izimpongo (amaduna) yizona kuphela ezinezimpondo ezimfushane, eziqondile ezicijile ezinamazenga emsukeni. Enye yezinto ezivelele ngewula wukuthi lapho lethukile, lineziqubu zokugxuma liye phezulu imilenze yalo yonke iqonde thwi phansi (stotting), okuyindlela yokuxwayisa amanye amawula ngengozi. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinotshani obude nasezimfundeni ezisemafundeni aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni ze-KwaZulu-Natal naseMpumalanga lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Iwula idinga utshani obude ukuze licashe ezitheni zalo nezindawo ezivulekile lapho lingagijima khona ngokukhululeka. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, iwula lihlobo lesilwane esiklaba otshani ikakhulukazi (grazer), lithande kakhulu utshani obufushane obusha nobunempilo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi liyazidla nezimbali namaqabunga ezihlahla amancane. Nakuba lithanda izindawo eziluhlaza, alithembele kakhulu emanzini angaphezu komhlaba ngoba ukudla kwalo kuwunika umsoco owenele. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene newula wukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu besebenzisa izinja (greyhound poaching/hunting), okuyinto eye yehlisa kakhulu isibalo sazo eNingizimu Afrika. Ngenxa yokuba lincane, iwula libuye libe yinyamazane elula ezingelwa izilwane ezidla inyama ezifana nezingwe, izimpungushe, izinkentshane, nezinyoka ezinkulu. Uvalo lwayo olukhulu lwenza ukuba kwesinye isikhathi ihluleke ukuvika uma isimpintshekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, '''ukulahlekelwa yizindawo zokuhlala''' ngenxa yokunwebeka kwemizi yabantu, ezolimo, namahlathi okutshala emithi ezentengiselwano kusongela kakhulu ikusasa lalesi silwane, okwenza ukuba libalwe nezilwane ezisengozini (vulnerable). <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Amawula izilwane ezihlala ngamabili noma ngamaqembu amancane anezinsikazi ezimbili nenduna eyodwa evikela indawo yazo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zobusika, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezisikhombisa (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-210) ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Umama ube esefihla ithole lakhe etshanini obude obuminyene cishe inyanga yonke, evakashela kulo kuphela uma ezolincelelisela ukuze izilwane ezizingelayo zingaliboni. Ithole lilunyulwa ezinyangeni ezine kuya kwezinhlanu, lapho lisuke selikhulile ngokwanele ukuba lingaziphilisa futhi lihambisane nomhlambi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> 4on858srusoew9yxvnm04227jggvayr 129846 129844 2026-09-27T14:00:18Z Mhlungwane 25499 fixing mistake 129846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ourebia ourebi 63262996.jpg|thumb|iwula]] '''Iwula''' inyamazane encane yasendle enhle kakhulu, eyaziwa ngezitho ezinde, intamo ende, nezindlebe ezinkulu ezime njengeqanda. Inoboya obuthambile obunombala onsundu ngasentla okuyisaka elibomvu, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu, esifubeni nasentanyeni imhlophe qwa. Izimpongo (amaduna) yizona kuphela ezinezimpondo ezimfushane, eziqondile ezicijile ezinamazenga emsukeni. Enye yezinto ezivelele ngewula wukuthi lapho lethukile, lineziqubu zokugxuma liye phezulu imilenze yalo yonke iqonde thwi phansi (stotting), okuyindlela yokuxwayisa amanye amawula ngengozi. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinotshani obude nasezimfundeni ezisemafundeni aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, kuhlanganise nasezingxenyeni ze-KwaZulu-Natal naseMpumalanga lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Iwula idinga utshani obude ukuze licashe ezitheni zalo nezindawo ezivulekile lapho lingagijima khona ngokukhululeka. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, iwula lihlobo lesilwane esiklaba otshani ikakhulukazi (grazer), lithande kakhulu utshani obufushane obusha nobunempilo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi liyazidla nezimbali namaqabunga ezihlahla amancane. Nakuba lithanda izindawo eziluhlaza, alithembele kakhulu emanzini angaphezu komhlaba ngoba ukudla kwalo kuwunika umsoco owenele. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene newula wukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu besebenzisa izinja (greyhound poaching/hunting), okuyinto eye yehlisa kakhulu isibalo sazo eNingizimu Afrika. Ngenxa yokuba lincane, iwula libuye libe yinyamazane elula ezingelwa izilwane ezidla inyama ezifana nezingwe, izimpungushe, izinkentshane, nezinyoka ezinkulu. Uvalo lwayo olukhulu lwenza ukuba kwesinye isikhathi ihluleke ukuvika uma isimpintshekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulahlekelwa yizindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokunwebeka kwemizi yabantu, ezolimo, namahlathi okutshala emithi ezentengiselwano kusongela kakhulu ikusasa lalesi silwane, okwenza ukuba libalwe nezilwane ezisengozini (vulnerable). <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> Amawula izilwane ezihlala ngamabili noma ngamaqembu amancane anezinsikazi ezimbili nenduna eyodwa evikela indawo yazo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zobusika, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezisikhombisa (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-210) ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Umama ube esefihla ithole lakhe etshanini obude obuminyene cishe inyanga yonke, evakashela kulo kuphela uma ezolincelelisela ukuze izilwane ezizingelayo zingaliboni. Ithole lilunyulwa ezinyangeni ezine kuya kwezinhlanu, lapho lisuke selikhulile ngokwanele ukuba lingaziphilisa futhi lihambisane nomhlambi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/oribi.html</ref> q6ihgwz94cc24tu92viqfbsl4vbk9wf 0 35566 129848 2026-09-27T14:08:14Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture and reference 129848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imbila''' yisilwane esincane sasendle esesabekayo ngenxa yokuthi ngokwesayensi sihlobene kakhulu nendlovu yase-Afrika, nakuba ngaphandle sibukeka njengegundane elikhulu noma unogwaja ongenazo izindlebe ezinde. Inomzimba ogcwele, oyindilinga, noboya obunzima obunsundu noma obumpunga. Imbila ayinawo umsila (okwaholela naseqhalweni elithi ''"imbila yaswela umsila ngokuyalezela"''), kanti inezinzipho ezikhethekile nezinyawo ezine-rubber ngezansi ezisiza ukuba inamathele emadwaleni abushelelezi ngaphandle kokushelela. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/rock-hyrax.html</ref> Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezintaba, emadwaleni nasezimfintshini zamatshe emagcekeni amaningi e-Afrika yaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu, kuhlanganise nasezintabeni ezidumile ezifana ne-Table Mountain eKapa. Imbila iyisilwane esidla izitshalo (herbivore); idla kakhulu utshani obusha, amaqabunga ezihlahla, amagxolo, kanye nezithelo ezitholakala eduze nalapho ihlala khona. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wayo uyashesha ukugodola noma ukushisa, ichitha isikhathi esiningi ekuseni igcakamele ilanga phezu kwamatshe ukuze ifudumale ngaphambi kokuyofuna ukudla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/rock-hyrax.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nembila ukuba yinyama elula yezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo ngenxa yokuba yayo yincane futhi ingenamikhawulo yokuzivikela enamandla. Izitha zayo ezinkulu zihlanganisa izinkozi ezinkulu (verreaux's eagles) ezizithatha phezulu emadwaleni, izinyoka ezifana nezintshweshwe (pythons), namahlosi '''('''leopards). Ukuze zisinde, zihlala zizungezile ngomhlambi lapho iduna noma insikazi endala eba ngumlindi (sentry), ememeza kakhulu ngolimi oluhlabayo ukuxwayisa abanye ukuba babalekele emقوقwini yamatshe lapho kuvela ingozi. Zibuye zibe sengozini ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezifo ezithile ezihlasela izilwane. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/rock-hyrax.html</ref> [[File:190 Rock hyrax family in Damaraland Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|thumb|imbila ematsheni]] Imbila yisilwane esihlala ngemihlambi emikhulu eholwa iduna elilodwa elinamandla elizala nezinsikazi eziningi kuleyo ndawo. Isikhathi sokukhwelana silandela isizini ethile, kanti insikazi ithwala isisu isikhathi eside ngendlela eyisimanga esingaba yizinyanga ezisikhombisa nengxenye (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-230), okuyinto ekhombisa ubuhlobo bayo nezilwane ezinkulu kunamagundane. Izala amathole aphakathi kwelilodwa kuya kwamane emgodini ophephile phakathi kwamatshe. Amathole e-imbila azalwa evule amehlo futhi enoboya obugcwele, kanti ngemva kwemiyalo embalwa yokuzalwa, ayakwazi ukugxuma emadwaleni alandele umhlambi. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/xh/rock-hyrax.html</ref> mpe8dsyfjshsys4rek8kngh3bgrnfd6 0 35567 129851 2026-09-27T14:28:55Z Mhlungwane 25499 adding picture and reference 129851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imamba''' iyinyoka yasendle enobuhlungu (ubuthi) obubulala ngemizuzu embalwa, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yinde, ngokugijima ngesivinini esikhulu nangolaka lapho isongelwa. Umndeni wemamba uhlukaniseke ngezinhlobo ezine, lapho edume kakhulu nengeyona induna kuyi-'''Black Mamba''' (Imamba emnyama) kanye neziGreen Mambas (izimamba eziluhlaza). Nakuba ibizwa ngokuthi imamba emnyama, umzimba wayo unombala ongumpunga noma oluthuli, kodwa igama layo lisuka emibaleni omnyama qwa ongaphakathi emlonyeni wayo ewuvula kakhulu lapho ifuna ukuhlasela. Zinezinhlobo ezimbili zamazinyo amade phambili akhipha ubuthi obuhlasela isimiso sezinzwa (neurotoxins).<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/ss/black-mamba.html</ref> [[File:Dendroaspis polylepis by Bill Love.jpg|thumb|imbama emnyama]] Le nyoka itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele, emagcekeni ayingxenye ye-Mpumalanga, i-Limpopo, ne-KwaZulu-Natal lapha eNingizimu Afrika, kanye nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara. Imamba emnyama ithanda ukuhlala phansi ezindaweni ezinamatshe, emigodini yezilwane, nasezindulini zomuhlwa ezindala, kanti izimamba eziluhlaza zona zihlala kakhulu phezulu emithini eminyene nasemahlathini aseduze nolwandle. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, imamba iyisilwane esizingelayo esiphila ngokudla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezifana namagundane, amakati asendle, izinzipho, izinkalane, kanye nezinyoni ezihlala ezihlahleni. Sebenzisa amehlo ayo abukhali nokuzwa okusekelwe olumini lwayo ukuze ithole ukudla.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/ss/black-mamba.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obulethwa yimamba wukuthi ubuthi bayo buyingozi kakhulu kubantu nakwezinye izilwane, lapho ukulumeka kwayo okungelashwanga ngokushesha kungadala ukufa ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-20 ngenxa yokuhluleka kwamaphaphu. Ngenxa yokwesatshwa kwayo, abantu bavame ukuyibulala ngokushesha lapho beyibona eduze kwemizi yabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba imamba iyingozi, nayo inezitha zasendle ezifana nezinkalane (mongoose) ezikwazi ukuyizingela ziyibulale ngenxa yokusheshe zigweme ukulunywa kwayo, kanye nezinkozi ezinkulu zenyoka (snake eagles). Imamba ibhekene nengozi yokulahlekelwa yizindawo zayo zemvelo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokunwebeka kwezolimo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/ss/black-mamba.html</ref> '''I'''zimamba yizilwane ezihlala zodwa isikhathi esiningi, futhi zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana esivame ukuba sezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amaduna alwa umshikashika omkhulu (ritual combat) lapho ebophana khona imizimba efuna ukugobisa elinye phansi ukuze awine ilungelo lokukhwelana nensikazi. Insikazi izalela amaqanda aphakathi kuka-6 kuya ku-25 endaweni efudumele nenomswakama, efana nemigodi engaphansi komhlaba noma amaqabunga abolile. Umama uhamba ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalela amaqanda, angawayingeli. Amathole achamisela ngemva kwezinyanga ezingaba mbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi lapho ezalwa, asuke eselungele ukuzingela futhi enobuthi obugcwele obufana nobezingonyama ezindala.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/ss/black-mamba.html</ref> c6gdclpjjnqdru7pmkmufz5vgaihj6b 0 35568 129853 2026-09-27T14:35:55Z Mhlungwane 25499 add picture & Reference 129853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inhlwathi''' yinyoka yasendle enkulu kakhulu futhi ezinze kakhulu emzimbeni, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba ngeyomndeni wamaphayithoni (pythons) angenawo ubuthi. Ingakhula ize ifike ebudeni obungamamitha ama-5 noma ngaphezulu, kanti isindo sayo singeqela kuka-60 kg. Ukubukeka kwayo kuhlukile ngoba inoboya obunamachaphazelo ansundu, amnyama, namaphuzi ngeqolo layo lonke, okuyinto eyisiza kakhulu ukuba icashe kahle etshanini nasemahlamvini (camouflage). Nakuba ingenawo amazinyo akhipha ubuthi, inamazinyo amaningi abukhali agobile abheke ngaphakathi ewasebenzisela ukubamba ukudla kwayo flat ngaphambi kokuba ikugoqe ngomzimba wayo onamandla amakhulu.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/african-rock-python.html</ref> Le nyoka itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinemifula, emadwaleni, nasezihlahleni eziminyene zaseMpumalanga, Limpopo, nase-KwaZulu-Natal, kanye nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu ye-Afrika. Inhlwathi ithanda kakhulu ukuhlala eduze namanzi lapho ikwazi ukubhukuda nokucashela ukudla kwayo. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, '''i'''nhlwathi iyisilwane esizingelayo esiphila ngokudla izilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezinsimba, amagundane, izinkawu, amawula, ngisho nezinyamazane eziphakathi nendawo njengama-impala asemancane. Ivame ukulubamba ukudla kwayo ngesinyenyela, ikugoqe ngokushesha ukuze ikuminyanise ize inhliziyo yakhona ime, ngaphambi kokuba ikugwinye kukonke ikhanda kuqala.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/african-rock-python.html</ref> Nakuba inhlwathi ingeyona inyoka enobuthi futhi ingavamile ukuhlasela abantu ngaphandle kokuba icasulwe noma izivikele, isengozini enkulu kakhulu yokushabalala ngenxa yezenzo zabantu. Abantu abaningi bayayibulala ngenxa yokuyesaba noma ngenxa yokuthi ijwayele ukungena ezibayeni zolimi ifike idle izinkukhu, izimbuzi, namacwane ezinja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlwathi izingelwa kakhulu ngokungemthetho ukuze kuthathwe isikhumba sayo esenza izikhwama namabhande, kanye namafutha ayo asetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yesintu (traditional medicine). Lokhu kuye kwenza ukuba ibalwe nezilwane ezivikelwe ngomthetho eNingizimu Afrika (Protected Species), lapho ukuyibulala noma ukuyibamba kudinga imvume ekhethekile.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/african-rock-python.html</ref> [[File:Python-regius-kopf-königspython.jpg|thumb|inhlwathi]] Inhlwathi yinyoka ezalela amaqanda, futhi inqubo yayo yokukhulisa inzalo iyathakazelisa kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoka. Izikhukhukazi zizalela amaqanda amakhulu amhlophe aphakathi kuka-20 kuya kuka-50 (ngezinye izikhathi aze afike kuka-100) emigodini yezilwane eshiywe dengwane noma emقوقwini yamatshe afudumele. Okuyingqayizivele wukuthi umama wenhlwathi uhlala nawo amaqanda akhe, azisonge ngawo wonke ukuze awavikela ezitheni futhi awagcine efudumele ngokuyisa ukushisa komzimba wakhe kuye kuwo (shivering thermogenesis). Umama akayi ngisho nasekulambeni ngalesi sikhathi esingaba yizinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu aze achamisela amathole, futhi uhlala nawo amathole ambalwa ezinsuku ngaphambi kokuba azimele empilweni yasendle.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/african-rock-python.html</ref> ---- * n8pdz7tmnurypz58nx4bagf5zk2mu4g 0 35569 129855 2026-09-27T14:46:37Z Mhlungwane 25499 add picture & Reference 129855 wikitext text/x-wiki Ubhejane uyisilwane esikhulu esincelisayo sasendle esaziwa ngomzimba waso oqinile, isikhumba esijiyile esimpunga, kanye nezimpondo ezimbili ezibukhali ebusweni. Nakuba igama elithi "Ubhejane" lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza uBhejane oMnyama (''Diceros bicornis''), bobabili bampunga ngombala. Uhlobo olumnyama luhlukile ngokuba nomlomo ociyile ophezulu (hooked lip) owenza ukuba akwazi ukubamba amagatsha, kanti umkhombe (ubhejane omhlophe) yena unomlomo oyisikwele obanzi. Ubhejane uyisilwane esaziwa ngokuba nolaka olukhulu kanye nokushaja ngamandla uma ethukile. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Lo bhejane utholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezine-ameva, ezinkangala, nasezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile zaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, njengaseKruger National Park naseziqiwini zase-KwaZulu-Natal. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, ubhejane omnyama ungumbambalala wezihlahla (browser), okusho ukuthi uphila ngokudla amagatsha amancane, amaqabunga ezihlahla ezine-ameva, izihlahla ezimfushane, kanye nezithelo. Usebenzisa umlomo wakhe ociyile ukugoqa amagatsha nokuwakwanqula kalula, kanti ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho amanzi okudla ekhona eduze, nakuba ekwazi ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokunza. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu nokuza kukho konke okubhekene nobhejane wukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu abafuna uphondo lwaso (rhino horn poaching), okwenza ukuba abe phakathi kwezilwane ezisengozini enkulu yokushabalala emhlabeni (critically endangered). Olwalolu phondo lushushumbiswa ngezindlela ezingekho emthethweni luyiswe e-Asiya lapho luyoshaywa khona imithi yesintu noma izinto zokuhloba. Ngaphandle kwabantu, ubhejane omdala akanazo izitha zemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe, kodwa amathole awo asengozini yokuhlaselwa izilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu ezifana nezingonyama (lions) nezimpisi (hyenas) lapho omama babo bengahlezi eduze kwabo. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Obhejane izilwane ezithanda ukuhlala zodwa isikhathi esiningi, futhi izinkunzi nezikhukhukazi zihlangana kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhwelana. Izinkunzi zivame ukulwa umshikashika omkhulu zibonisana amandla ngezimpondo zazo ukuze zithole ilungelo lokukhwelana nensikazi. Insikazi ithwala isisu isikhathi eside kakhulu esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-15 kuya kweziyi-16 (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-450 kuya ku-480) ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Ithole elisha lizalwa lingenalo uphondo olubonakalayo (luvumbuka ngemva kwesikhathi), futhi lihlala nonina isikhathi eside esingaba yiminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu lifunda ukuziphilisa ngaphambi kokuba umama alixoshe lapho ezolungiselela ukuzala elinye futhi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> t5ev4oa69llrynaf8npbf4sovajn6l9 129856 129855 2026-09-27T14:47:18Z Mhlungwane 25499 add picture 129856 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|ubhejane]] Ubhejane uyisilwane esikhulu esincelisayo sasendle esaziwa ngomzimba waso oqinile, isikhumba esijiyile esimpunga, kanye nezimpondo ezimbili ezibukhali ebusweni. Nakuba igama elithi "Ubhejane" lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza uBhejane oMnyama (''Diceros bicornis''), bobabili bampunga ngombala. Uhlobo olumnyama luhlukile ngokuba nomlomo ociyile ophezulu (hooked lip) owenza ukuba akwazi ukubamba amagatsha, kanti umkhombe (ubhejane omhlophe) yena unomlomo oyisikwele obanzi. Ubhejane uyisilwane esaziwa ngokuba nolaka olukhulu kanye nokushaja ngamandla uma ethukile. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Lo bhejane utholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezihlahla ezine-ameva, ezinkangala, nasezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile zaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, njengaseKruger National Park naseziqiwini zase-KwaZulu-Natal. Uma kuziwa ekudleni, ubhejane omnyama ungumbambalala wezihlahla (browser), okusho ukuthi uphila ngokudla amagatsha amancane, amaqabunga ezihlahla ezine-ameva, izihlahla ezimfushane, kanye nezithelo. Usebenzisa umlomo wakhe ociyile ukugoqa amagatsha nokuwakwanqula kalula, kanti ukhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho amanzi okudla ekhona eduze, nakuba ekwazi ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokunza. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu nokuza kukho konke okubhekene nobhejane wukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho abantu abafuna uphondo lwaso (rhino horn poaching), okwenza ukuba abe phakathi kwezilwane ezisengozini enkulu yokushabalala emhlabeni (critically endangered). Olwalolu phondo lushushumbiswa ngezindlela ezingekho emthethweni luyiswe e-Asiya lapho luyoshaywa khona imithi yesintu noma izinto zokuhloba. Ngaphandle kwabantu, ubhejane omdala akanazo izitha zemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu bakhe, kodwa amathole awo asengozini yokuhlaselwa izilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu ezifana nezingonyama (lions) nezimpisi (hyenas) lapho omama babo bengahlezi eduze kwabo. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> Obhejane izilwane ezithanda ukuhlala zodwa isikhathi esiningi, futhi izinkunzi nezikhukhukazi zihlangana kuphela ngezikhathi zokukhwelana. Izinkunzi zivame ukulwa umshikashika omkhulu zibonisana amandla ngezimpondo zazo ukuze zithole ilungelo lokukhwelana nensikazi. Insikazi ithwala isisu isikhathi eside kakhulu esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-15 kuya kweziyi-16 (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-450 kuya ku-480) ngaphambi kokuba izale ithole elilodwa vo. Ithole elisha lizalwa lingenalo uphondo olubonakalayo (luvumbuka ngemva kwesikhathi), futhi lihlala nonina isikhathi eside esingaba yiminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu lifunda ukuziphilisa ngaphambi kokuba umama alixoshe lapho ezolungiselela ukuzala elinye futhi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/white-rhino.html</ref> qy934q09kw6t0t9a73s0p6fxbovg37y 0 35570 129858 2026-09-27T15:00:19Z Mhlungwane 25499 add picture & Reference 129858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|thumb|indabushe]] Indabushe iyikati lasendle eline-siphakathi nendawo ngeziqubu, elaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele njengelilone lamakati amahle naqatha kakhulu. Umzimba wayo ugcwele uboya obubomvana obuyisaka emhlane nasemaceleni, kanti ngaphansi kwesisu imhlophe inamachaphazelo alontshi. Enye yezinto eziyingqayizivele ngendabushe yizindlebe zayo ezinde ezibheke phezulu ezinesiqubu sezinyanda zoboya obumnyama ekugcineni kwazo (tufted ears). Inezitho (imilenze) zangemuva ezinde kakhulu kun zangaphambili, okuwuyena musculature oyisiza ukuba igxume phezulu emoyeni ibambe izinyoni ezindizayo kalula. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/caracal.html</ref> Le nyamazane itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezomile ezivulekile, emagcekeni ayingxenye yezinkangala, nasemadwaleni anezihlahla amancane (savannah) kuwo wonke amaphondo aseNingizimu Afrika. Ikhombisa ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo kakhulu futhi izula kakhulu ebusuku (nocturnal). Uma kuziwa ekudleni, indabushe iyisilwane esidla inyama kuphela (strict carnivore), iphile ngokuzingela amagundane, onogwaja, izimbila, izinyoni, kanye nezinyamazane ezincane ezifana namampunzi namakhula. Inekhono eliyisimanga lokunyonyoba isondele eduze kwesilwane ekuzingelayo ngaphambi kokuba isigxumele ngesivinini esikhulu sayo. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/caracal.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nendabushe buvela kubantu, ikakhulukazi abafuyi beziMvu neziMbuzi abayizingelayo bayibulale ngenxa yokuthi ijwayele ukuhlasela imihlambi yabo. Ngenxa yokuthi isilwane esinesibindi, kwesinye isikhathi ingabulala izimvu eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwenza abafuyi bayibone njengesilwane esiyinkathazo (nuisance animal). Ngaphandle kwabantu, indabushe enkulu isengozini yokuhlaselwa izilwane ezidla inyama ezinkulu kunayo ezifana nezingonyama namahlosi (leopards) ahlezi eyingozi kuyo. Ukuze izivikele, ifuna ukucasha emadwaleni, etshanini obude, noma igibele phezulu emithini emide lapho ihlakaniphe khona kakhulu ukugwema izitha zayo. <ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/caracal.html</ref> Indabushe iyisilwane esithanda ukuhlala sodwa isikhathi esiningi, futhi amaduna nezinsikazi zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izikhukhukazi zibonisa ukufuna amaduna ngokukhipha imisindo ekhethekile nephunga emchameni wazo. Insikazi ithwala isisu izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye (izinsuku ezingaba ngu-70 kuya ku-80) ngaphambi kokuba izale amathole aphakathi kokulodwa kuya kwayisithupha (ajwayelekile ukuba mathathu). Izalela emigodini eshiywe ezinye izilwane (njengezinhlanga zomhlaba) noma emwini yamatshe eminyene. Amathole azalwa engaboni, futhi umama uwakhulisa yedwa efihla izindawo kuze kuphele unyaka ngaphambi kokuba amabele azimele nawo.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/caracal.html</ref> tqfqlta3ww5e5wqz8sxd7h0re6zu154 0 35571 129860 2026-09-27T15:11:41Z Mhlungwane 25499 add picture & Reference 129860 wikitext text/x-wiki I'''zinyosi''' izinambuzane ezincane ezindizayo ezingomndeni wezinyosi neminyovu, ezaziwa kakhulu ngokuhlala ngemihlambi emikhulu ehlelekile nokukhiqiza uju. Imizimba yazo ihlukaniswe ngezinhlangothi ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba, nesisu, futhi zigcwele uboya obuncane obuzisiza ukuba bunamathele kwi-pollen (impova) uma zivakashela izimbali. Umhlambi wezinyosi uhlukaniswe amazinga amathathu abalulekile: indlovukazi (queen bee) eyodwa vo ebeka amaqanda, izisebenzi (worker bees''')''' okuyizinsikazi ezenza yonke imisebenzi efana nokwakha amakhreyithi, ukufuna ukudla nokuvikela ikhekhe, kanye namaduna (drones) umsebenzi wawo oyingqayizivele kuwukungcebeleka nendlovukazi kuphela.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/ukufuya-izinyosi-eningizimu-afrika.html</ref> Izinyosi zitholakala kuwo wonke amagceke omhlaba lapho kunezikhlahla zezimbali eziqhakazayo khona, ngaphandle kuphela kwe-Antarctica ebanda kakhulu. Zakha amakhaya azo ahlanganisa amakhekhe oluju (honeycombs) emigodini yezihlahla ezindala, emadwaleni, noma emabhokisini enziwe abantu abafuyi bezinyosi (beekeepers). Uma kuziwa ekudleni, izinyosi ziphila kakhulu ngokudla umpe wezimbali (nectar) owunika amandla (carbohydrates) kanye nempova yezimbali (pollen) ebanika amaprotheni '''nemisoco'''. Zisebenzisa ulimi lwazo olude olufana neshubhu ukuncela umpe ezimbalini, bese ziwuphatha ngaphakathi esiswini sazo esikhethekile ziwuyise ekhaya ukuze ujike ube uju.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/ukufuya-izinyosi-eningizimu-afrika.html</ref> Ubungozi obukhulu obubhekene nezinyosi emhlabeni jikelele buvela ezenzweni zabantu ezifana nokufuthwa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezinebuthi (chemical pesticides) emapulazini kanye nokulahlekelwa yizindawo zemvelo. Uma umuhlwa nezimbali kungekho ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwemizi yabantu, izinyosi zishabalala ngokushesha. Emvelweni, izinyosi zinezitha eziningi ezifana nezinyoni ezidla izinyosi (bee-eaters), izibankwa, amagundane, kanye nezinsele (honey badgers) ezicekela phansi amakhaya azo zifuna '''uju'''. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyosi ziwubungozi nakubantu ngoba lapho zizwa zisongelwa, ziyakwazi ukuhlaba zisebenzisa udonsa lwazo olunesihlungu (venom) esingadala ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla (allergy) noma ukufa uma umuntu ehlatshe ngeziningi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/ukufuya-izinyosi-eningizimu-afrika.html</ref> [[File:Apis mellifera flying.jpg|thumb|inyosi]] Inqubo yokuzalana kwezinyosi isekelwe ngokuphelele kwiNdlovukazi yomhlambi, eyona yodwa enelungelo lokubeka amaqanda. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana (nuptial flight), indlovukazi indizela phezulu emoyeni lapho ihlangana khona namaduna (drones) amaningi avela kweminye imihlambi, emva kwalokho amaduna lowo ayeshabalala afe. Indlovukazi egcina isidoda emzimbeni wayo impilo yayo yonke (engafika eminyakeni emihlanu), iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda afika kuka-2,000 ngosuku olulodwa phakathi ezikhaleni zekhekhe (wax cells). Lawa maqanda achamisela abe izibungu (larvae), zinakekelwe yizisebenzi ngokuzipha ukudla okulungiselelwe ikakhulukazi okufana ne-''Royal Jelly'', kuze kube zikhula ziba izinyosi ezindizayo eziklanywe ngokuphelele empilweni yomhlambi.<ref>https://southafrica.co.za/zu/ukufuya-izinyosi-eningizimu-afrika.html</ref> bdeg6f5iiig5ore9esthqqmeiui8947 0 35572 129865 2026-09-27T17:51:23Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373503232|AK-74]]" 129865 wikitext text/x-wiki Lesi Isibhamu sithole umgqomo omusha onembobo efakwe i-chrome kanye nemisele emine yesandla sokudla ku-200&nbsp;mm (1:7.87 in) noma ama-caliber angu-37 ijubane lokujika kwezibhamu . Futhi Isisekelo sangaphambili kanye nebhulokhi yegesi kwaklanywa kabusha. Ibhulokhi yegesi iqukethe isiteshi segesi esifakwe nge-engeli engu-90° maqondana ne-bore axis ukuze kuncishiswe ukucheba kwezinhlamvu emgodini wembobo . Futhi iphinde isize ekutheni sikwazi ukusebenza noma siphuma emanzini. Amabhuleki amabili okusekela aphonswa enhlanganweni ye-gas block futhi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma isiqalisi se-grenade esingu -40 mm se-BG-15c noma se-GP-25 . Njenge-AK-47 kanye ne-AKM, i-muzzle ifakwe intambo yokufaka amadivayisi ahlukahlukene e-muzzle akwenza sikwazi ukubhalansa kahle njengebhuleki elijwayelekile le-muzzle noma i -adaptha yokudubula engenalutho,Siphinde sibe isibhamu esine phinikhodi kuyilapho iphinikhodi eboshwe ngesipilingi ebanjwe esigxotsheni sangaphambili iwavimbela ekuvulekeni ngenkathi edubula. Kodwa-ke izintambo zona zomlomo zithuthelwe endaweni engaphambili ukuze kube lula futhi kube lula ukuzishintsha uma kwenzeka umonakalo wentambo. Ibhuleki nalo lomlomo elijwayelekile elihlukile futhi linegumbi elikhulu lokunweba, ukusikeka okuqondile okubili okulinganayo ekugcineni kwebhuleki kanye nezimbobo ezintathu zomoya ezingalingani ezibekwe ngesizathu esithize ngokulinganayo ukuze kulwiswane nokukhuphuka komlomo kanye nokushintshwa ohlangothini olungakwesokudla kanjalo njengebhuleki lomlomo eliyi-offset le-AKM. Ipuleti eliyisicaba eduze kokuphela kwebhuleki likhipha ukusunduza phambili lapho amagesi okukhipha umoya avelayo eshaya ubuso balo, okunciphisa kakhulu ukubuyela emuva kwaso. Ibhuleki le-muzzle livimbela ukuthi ukuqhuma kwangemuva ukuthi kungafiki ku-fireer, yize kubikwa ukuthi kulukhuni kubantu ababukele njengoba amagesi e-muzzle ehlakazeka njalo emaceleni. <ref name="hogg">{{Cite book |last=Hogg |first=Ian |date=2000 |title=Military Small Arms of the 20th Century |last2=Weeks |first2=John |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=0-87341-824-7 |edition=7th |location=Iola, Wisconsin |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Ibhuleki lomlomo le-AK-74 nalo eliyindilinga elijwayelekile libuyekezwe ngobuhlakani izikhathi eziningana kusukela ngawo-1970. <ref>{{Cite web|title=AK-74 Muzzle Brakes/Compensators|url=https://www.k-var.com/compensator-us-made-for-ak-74-545x39-and-556x45-calibers-24x15mm-right-hand-threads|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073911/https://www.k-var.com/compensator-us-made-for-ak-74-545x39-and-556x45-calibers-24x15mm-right-hand-threads|archive-date=10 January 2019|accessdate=16 November 2014|website=K-VAR Corp.}}</ref> I-AK-74 isebenzisa insimbi engemuva eguquguqukayo enezimbobo ezilungisiwe futhi elinganiswe ku {{Convert|100|m|yd|0}} ukwenyuka kusuka ku {{Convert|100|to|1000|m|yd|0}} . Indawo engaphambili nayo futhi iyindawo elungisekayo yokuphakama ensimini. Ukulungiswa okuvundlile kudinga ithuluzi elikhethekile lokukhukhuleka futhi kwenziwa yindlu yezikhali ngaphambi futhi kokukhishwa noma uma isidingo sivela ngumvikeli wezikhali ngemva kokukhishwa kwazo. Izakhi zomugqa wokubona zingaba ngu {{Convert|48.5|mm|in|1}} phezu kwe-axis yembobo. I-" point-blank range " battle zero setting " ''П'' " imele i- ''устоянная'' (ehlala njalo/ehlala njalo/ehlala njalo) i-AK-74 rear tangent sight element ihambelana ne- {{Convert|400|m|yd|0}} u-zero, uma kuqhathaniswa no- {{Convert|300|m|yd|0}} u-zero kuma-AK angu-7.62×39mm. <ref name="Rottman">{{Cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon |date=24 May 2011 |title=The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC&pg=PA42 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-835-0 |location=Oxford, UK |page=42– |access-date=24 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103131237/http://books.google.com/books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC&pg=PA42 |archive-date=3 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Using a 400 meter zero with 5.45x39|url=http://russianoptics.net/400mzero.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129074754/http://russianoptics.net/400mzero.html|archive-date=29 November 2014|accessdate=16 November 2014|website=RussianOptics.net}}</ref> Kwi-AK-74 ehlanganiswe nama-cartridge esevisi e-7N6 noma e-7N10, ububanzi baso obungenalutho be-400 m battle zero setting bukhawulela "ukuphakama kwezinhlamvu" okubonakalayo ngaphakathi kwe {{Convert|-5|to|+38|cm|in|1}} ngaphansi komugqa waso wokubona. Ku- {{Convert|440|m|yd|0}} ehambisanayo nabo ububanzi obukhulu obungenalutho obuphezulu futhi kukhona ichashazi elizobe lehle laya cishe ku {{Convert|-21|cm|in|1}} maqondana nomugqa wokubona ubungozi baso isibhamu esidubulayo noma esisebenzayo. Amasosha wona ayalwa ukuba adubule kunoma yiliphi ithagethi elikuleli banga elisuke libekiwe ngokubeka nje izinto ezibonakala phakathi nendawo kwazo (ibhande, ngokwemfundiso yaseRussia neyangaphambili yamaSoviet) yethagethi yesitha. Noma yimaphi amaphutha atholakalayo ekulinganisweni kobubanzi awabalulekile ngoba ngokweqhinga, njengoba futhi naso isibhamu esiqondiswe kahle sizoshaya umzimba wesosha lesitha lilimale kanzima noma lishone ngenxa yobungozi baso isibhamu. <ref name="Rottman" /> iijmfoh54qdk5hsq8i5m0clbimer5cv 0 35573 129866 2026-09-27T18:04:25Z Mhlengukhona 25426 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377024654|Catholic Church]]" 129866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISonto LamaKhatholika''' ( Latin )eliphinde libizwe ngokuthi '''iSonto LamaRoma noma amaKhatholika''', [ inothi 1 ] yilona bandla lobuKristu elikhulu kunawo wonke, elinamalungu abhabhadisiwe alinganiselwa ku-1.28 kuya ku-1.41 billion emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2026. Liqukethe amasonto azimele angu-24 ( ''sui iuris'' )—iSonto LaseLatin kanye namasonto amaKhatholika aseMpumalanga angu-23—ahlelwe ngama -diocese nama -eparchies acishe abe ngu-3,500 aphethwe ababhishobhi . Kuwo wonke umlando, leli bandla libe nendima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwempucuko yaseNtshonalanga . Imiphakathi yamaKatolika ikhona emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yemishini, [[Abokufika|ukufuduka]], kanye nokuguqulwa . Iningi lamaKhatholika lihlala eNingizimu Yomhlaba, okubonisa ukukhula okusheshayo kwabantu e [[IAfrika|-Afrika]], [[I-Eshiya|e-Asia]], naseLatin America, kanye nokungabi nandaba kwezinye izingxenye [[IYurophu|zaseYurophu]] naseNyakatho [[IMelika Enyakatho|Melika]] . Imfundiso YamaKhatholika isekelwe eSimweni Sezimfundiso SaseNicaea futhi liyi sonto "liyisonto elilodwa, elingcwele, lamaKhatholika nelingelabaphostoli" elasungulwa ngUJesu Kristu.<ref name="Catholic News Service">{{Cite web|title=Vatican congregation reaffirms truth, oneness of Catholic Church|url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703923.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070710201403/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0703923.htm|archive-date=10 July 2007|accessdate=17 March 2012|publisher=Catholic News Service}}</ref>{{Sfn|Bokenkotter|2004}}[Umbhalo waphansi 2] Lifundisa ukuthi ababhishobhi bangabalandeli babaphostoli nokuthi [[UPapa|upapa]] - umbhishobho waseRoma - ungumbhishobhi owamlandela [[UNgcwele Petru umPostoli|USanta Petru Umphostoli]], ophathisiwe indima eyingqayizivele futhi eyinhloko yobufundisi. ULeo XIV ungupapa wamanje, okhonza njengenhloko yesonto; Isifunda sombhishobhi saseRoma sakha igunya laso lendawo, kuyilapho i-Holy See isebenza njengegunya eliyinhloko elibusayo lesonto nge-I-Roman Curia. Imfundiso yabaphostoli iqondwa ukuthi idluliselwa ngemiBhalo nangokwesiko elingcwele, elihunyushwa yi-magisterium, igunya lokufundisa lesonto. Ukuphila kwemikhuba yokukhulekela yamaKatolika kuhlanganisa iSiko LaseRoma, eminye imikhuba yeSonto LaseLatin, kanye namasiko omikhuba yokugubha amaSonto LamaKatolika aseMpumalanga. Ama-order enkolo, Imiphakathi yezindela, kanye nezinhlangano zezimele kunomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkulumo [[Umchazathixo|imfundiso yenkolo]] nezokuzinikela ngaphakathi kobuKatolika emhlabeni wonke. oprnms5pswn8c80kpaz524fcql8cmlq 0 35574 129869 2026-09-27T18:51:23Z Mhlengukhona 25426 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375834457|Snail]]" 129869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''umnenke''' uyigobolondo le-i-gastropod. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa iminenke yasemhlabeni, ama-i-gastropod molluscs. Kodwa-ke, igama elivamile elithi umnenke liphinde lisetshenziswe kumalungu amaningi esigaba se-molluscan I-Gastropoda ane-shell esondelene enkulu ngokwanele ukuba isilwane sihoxe ngokuphelele. Lapho igama elithi "ibankwa" lisetshenziswa kulo mqondo ovamile, alihlanganisi nje kuphela iminenke yasemhlabeni kodwa nezinhlobo eziningi zeminenke yasolwandle neminenke yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ama-gastropod ngokwemvelo umnenke ongenalo igobolondo, noma anegobolondo langaphakathi kuphela, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi ''ama-slug'', futhi iminenke yasemhlabeni enegobolondolo elincane kakhulu (angakwazi ukuhoxa kulo) ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi yi-semi-slug.''ama-semi-slugs.'' Umnenke ophefumula usebenzisa iphaphu ungelinye iqembu le-I-pulmonata. Njengoba kuchazwe ngokwesiko, i-Pulmonata yatholakala iyI-polyphyletic ocwaningweni lwe-molecule ngoJörger ''et al.'', kusukela ngo-2010.<ref name="Jörger 2010">{{Cite journal |last=Jörger |first=Katharina M |last2=Stöger, Isabella |last3=Kano, Yasunori |last4=Fukuda, Hiroshi |last5=Knebelsberger, Thomas |last6=Schrödl, Michael |year=2010 |title=On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=323 |bibcode=2010BMCEE..10..323J |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-323 |pmc=3087543 |pmid=20973994 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodwa iminenke enezimpaphe nayo yakha iqembu le-I-polyphyletic; ngamanye amazwi, iminenke enamaphaphu neminenke eneziphaphe yakha amaqembu amaningi e-[[Ingqwangqwa (kumchazampilo)|I-taxonomic]] angahlobani kakhulu kunalokho ahlobene namanye amaqembu. simpxfh3btdllyjcknf4xf1vryeqtxy 129872 129869 2026-09-27T21:01:06Z Hugo.arg 938 Hugo.arg moved page [[UMNENKE]] to [[Umnenke]] 129869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''umnenke''' uyigobolondo le-i-gastropod. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa iminenke yasemhlabeni, ama-i-gastropod molluscs. Kodwa-ke, igama elivamile elithi umnenke liphinde lisetshenziswe kumalungu amaningi esigaba se-molluscan I-Gastropoda ane-shell esondelene enkulu ngokwanele ukuba isilwane sihoxe ngokuphelele. Lapho igama elithi "ibankwa" lisetshenziswa kulo mqondo ovamile, alihlanganisi nje kuphela iminenke yasemhlabeni kodwa nezinhlobo eziningi zeminenke yasolwandle neminenke yamanzi ahlanzekile. Ama-gastropod ngokwemvelo umnenke ongenalo igobolondo, noma anegobolondo langaphakathi kuphela, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi ''ama-slug'', futhi iminenke yasemhlabeni enegobolondolo elincane kakhulu (angakwazi ukuhoxa kulo) ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi yi-semi-slug.''ama-semi-slugs.'' Umnenke ophefumula usebenzisa iphaphu ungelinye iqembu le-I-pulmonata. Njengoba kuchazwe ngokwesiko, i-Pulmonata yatholakala iyI-polyphyletic ocwaningweni lwe-molecule ngoJörger ''et al.'', kusukela ngo-2010.<ref name="Jörger 2010">{{Cite journal |last=Jörger |first=Katharina M |last2=Stöger, Isabella |last3=Kano, Yasunori |last4=Fukuda, Hiroshi |last5=Knebelsberger, Thomas |last6=Schrödl, Michael |year=2010 |title=On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=323 |bibcode=2010BMCEE..10..323J |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-323 |pmc=3087543 |pmid=20973994 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodwa iminenke enezimpaphe nayo yakha iqembu le-I-polyphyletic; ngamanye amazwi, iminenke enamaphaphu neminenke eneziphaphe yakha amaqembu amaningi e-[[Ingqwangqwa (kumchazampilo)|I-taxonomic]] angahlobani kakhulu kunalokho ahlobene namanye amaqembu. simpxfh3btdllyjcknf4xf1vryeqtxy 0 35575 129873 2026-09-27T21:01:06Z Hugo.arg 938 Hugo.arg moved page [[UMNENKE]] to [[Umnenke]] 129873 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umnenke]] 7kav5kgg8bq1l0d5g8578c536clizoj 0 35576 129876 2026-09-27T22:21:40Z Mahlathamnyama 13909 Mahlathamnyama moved page [[Usiko oluvamile lesintu.]] to [[Ifagugu labantu jikelele]]: Incorrect translation 129876 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ifagugu labantu jikelele]] 8aklqp0tl3cahi82sa2rwxm8b8pu5qx 0 35577 129886 2026-09-28T06:28:22Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375753375|Bulldozer]]" 129886 wikitext text/x-wiki I '''-bulldozer''' noma '''i-dozer''' (ebizwa nangokuthi i- '''crawler''' noma '''i-Track-type Tractor''' ) iyi- tractor enkulu futhi efakwe i -blade yensimbi eqine kakhulu ngaphambili yokusunduza noma yokugudluza izinto ( [[inhlabathi]], isihlabathi, iqhwa, imfucumfucu, noma idwala) ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokwakha. Ihamba kakhulu emigwaqweni eqhubekayo, yize kukhiqizwa amamodeli akhethekile ahamba ngamathayi amakhulu angaphandle komgwaqo akhona futhi amanye amabulldozer ahamba ngama sheni . Isengezo sayo esithandwa kakhulu yi- ripper, ithuluzi elikhulu elifana ne-hook elifakwe lodwa noma ngeziphindaphindo ngemuva ukuze futhi kukhululeke izinto ezixineneyo. Noma ibhekana nodaka ayibhajwa kalula. Ama-bulldozers avame ukuthi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni okukhulu noma nokuncane, ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo, izimayini nasekugcineni, emapulazini, futhi nasekudilizweni kwezindlu, ezimbonini ezinzima, nasekusetshenzisweni kwezempi kokubili ngesikhathi sokuthula nesempi. Ugandaganda be-track-type (ngokuvamile ama-bulldozers) yimishini esindayo kakhulu, elandelwayo yokuhambisa umhlaba eklanyelwe ukudonsa okukhulu, ukuzinza, kanye namandla okucindezela endaweni ethambile, ephakeme, noma engafani. Basebenzisa imizila isikhathi esiningi eqhubekayo yensimbi noma injoloba, ukuze baphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni indawo, futhi ekuhloleni okunzima kakhulu, kanye nomsebenzi omuhle wokuqedela. Izinzuzo zona eziyinhloko zihlanganisa umfutho ngamandla ophansi womhlaba kanye nokuntanta okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini enamasondo. 5b48dq2n0j3zw96pkoi5z528pw3b3fa 0 35578 129890 2026-09-28T07:32:59Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "[[File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg|thumb|Inganekwane yamaJalimani, ''kaHansel noGretel'';Umdwebo kaArthur Rackham, 1909]] '''Amagugu esintu''' yindikimba yesiko elivezwayo leqembu elithile labantu, [[isiko]] noma isiko eliphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinkambiso ezilandwayo (oral traditions) ezifana nezilandiso, izaga, [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] namahlaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nesiko eliphathekayo, elifana nezinhlobo zokwakha zalelo qembu. Amagugu esintu abuye ahlanganisa ne..." 129890 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg|thumb|Inganekwane yamaJalimani, ''kaHansel noGretel'';Umdwebo kaArthur Rackham, 1909]] '''Amagugu esintu''' yindikimba yesiko elivezwayo leqembu elithile labantu, [[isiko]] noma isiko eliphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinkambiso ezilandwayo (oral traditions) ezifana nezilandiso, izaga, [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] namahlaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nesiko eliphathekayo, elifana nezinhlobo zokwakha zalelo qembu. Amagugu esintu abuye ahlanganisa nezimfundiso ezingokwesiko, ezivela ezinkolelweni zesintu, kuhlanganisa nenkolo yesintu, kanye nemicikilisho yemigubho eyenziwa [[Umkhosi|ngemikhosi]], [[umshado|imishado]], [[Udwendwe|imigcagco]], imisino yesintu, nemicikilisho yokukhula.{{sfn|Dundes|1965|p=3}} Okunye kwalokho, kukunye noma kuhlangane, kuthathwa njengelondolondo lesiko noma ukuzigqaja ngesiko. Okunye ukuyibgqikithi njengesimo, amagugu esintu ahlanganisa nokudluliswa kwamalondolondo asuka esifundeni esisodwa aya kwesinye noma lapho eshiyelwa izizukulwane ezilandelayo. Amagugu esintu akuyona into engazuzwa umuntu ngojuyifunda ezikoleni noma nokufunda ubuciko bokubatshazwa. Kunalokho, izinkambiso zidluliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, nokufundiswa wona noma ngokuboniswa wona.{{sfn|Schlinkert|2007|p=37}} Ucwaningo lakwangqondonkulu olufunda amagugu esintu lubizwa ngokuthi Izifundo zamagugu esintu, futhi zingaphenfululwa kusuka emazingeni obuncunda, emva kobuncunda nobungcithabuchopho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folklore Programs in the US and Canada |url=https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025803/https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=21 August 2020 |website=Center for Folklore Studies |publisher=Ohio State University}}</ref> 7yo0qgy6xkipnc5q79wjd19oewtm8x3 129902 129890 2026-09-28T09:15:00Z Fongcwele 16873 129902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg|thumb|Inganekwane yamaJalimani, ''kaHansel noGretel'';Umdwebo kaArthur Rackham, 1909]] '''Amagugu esintu''' yindikimba yesiko elivezwayo leqembu elithile labantu, [[isiko]] noma isiko eliphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinkambiso ezilandwayo (oral traditions) ezifana nezilandiso, izaga, [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] namahlaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nesiko eliphathekayo, elifana nezinhlobo zokwakha zalelo qembu. Amagugu esintu abuye ahlanganisa nezimfundiso ezingokwesiko, ezivela ezinkolelweni zesintu, kuhlanganisa nenkolo yesintu, kanye nemicikilisho yemigubho eyenziwa [[Umkhosi|ngemikhosi]], [[umshado|imishado]], [[Udwendwe|imigcagco]], imisino yesintu, nemicikilisho yokukhula.{{sfn|Dundes|1965|p=3}} Okunye kwalokho, kukunye noma kuhlangane, kuthathwa njengelondolondo lesiko noma ukuzigqaja ngesiko. Okunye ukuyibgqikithi njengesimo, amagugu esintu ahlanganisa nokudluliswa kwamalondolondo asuka esifundeni esisodwa aya kwesinye noma lapho eshiyelwa izizukulwane ezilandelayo. Amagugu esintu akuyona into engazuzwa umuntu ngojuyifunda ezikoleni noma nokufunda ubuciko bokubatshazwa. Kunalokho, izinkambiso zidluliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, nokufundiswa wona noma ngokuboniswa wona.{{sfn|Schlinkert|2007|p=37}} Ucwaningo lakwangqondonkulu olufunda amagugu esintu lubizwa ngokuthi Izifundo zamagugu esintu, futhi zingaphenfululwa kusuka emazingeni obuncunda, emva kobuncunda nobungcithabuchopho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folklore Programs in the US and Canada |url=https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025803/https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=21 August 2020 |website=Center for Folklore Studies |publisher=Ohio State University}}</ref> == Imvelaphi nentuthuko yezifundo zamagugu esintu == Amagugu esintu aqala ukuvela njengmkhakha ozimele ngenkathi yokuthanda ubuzwe yaseYurophu. Ungqoshishili walokhu kwakunguJohann Gottfried von Herder, izincwadi zakhe zeshuiminyaka lowe-1770 zethula izinkambiso zomlomo njengendlela yomdabu yendawo. Ngemuva kokuthi izifundazwe zeJalimani zihlaselwe iFransi eholwa nguNapoleon, indlela kaHerder yokuchaza yasetshenziswa abaningi eJalimani, abayihlela kahle futhi baqopha izinkambiso zesintu bazisebenzisa emidludlungweni yabo yokwakha isizwe. Lo mdludlungu wamukelwa ngesasasa amanye izizwe ezincane, ezifana neFinland, Estonia, neHungary, nazo ezazifuna ukuzimela kwezobusazwe ziphume ejokeni lomakhelwane bazo.{{sfn|Noyes|2012|p=20}} Amagugu esintu, njengomkhakha wezemfundo, athuthuka ekhulwini le-19 uthuthukiswa ongoti baseYurophu ababeqhathanisa [[Inkambiso|izinkambiso]] zasendulo nesimanjemanje esisha. Inhlozingo yalomkhakha yayisemagugweni esintu omlomo atholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ezazibhekwa njengezinsalela zezolo ezaziqhubeka nokuba khona emazingeni aphansi omphakathi.{{sfn|Noyes|2012|pages=15–16}} Incwadi ethi "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" of the Brothers Grimm (eyashicilelwa ngowe-1812) iyingqoqelelo eyaziwayo yamagugu esintu omlomo aseYurophu yangaleyo nkathi. Le ntshisekelo yokufuda izisho, izindaba, amahubo, nomculo yaqhubeka nasekhulwini le-19 futhi yaklelisa lomkhakha wongoti bamagugu esintu nobucikomazwi nezinganekwane. Ekufikeni kwekhulu lama-20, izifundo zamagugu esintu zase zikhulile. Futhi namuhla kunogoti bamagugu esintu kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba. Abantu abacwaning amagugu esintu babizwa ongoti amagugu esintu, futhi igama elithi amagugu esintu lagqama lapho lichasiswa futhi lisetshenziswa nguSimon Bronner, see {{harvnb|Bronner|1986|page=xi}}.}} nalapho kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezifundo zakwangqondonkulu zenkambiso yesiko nalezo ezimayelana namalondolondo esiko gokwawo. Lapho kugunyazwa uMthetho Wokulondoloza Impilo Yesintu eMelika (Public Law 94-201) ukhongolose waseMelika ngoweJanuary 1976,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/public_law.html |title=Public Law 94-201: The Creation of the American Folklife Center |website=American Folklife Center |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928191517/https://www.loc.gov/folklife/public_law.html |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> nakhu okunye okwaphawulwa ongoti. <blockquote>"…Impilo yesintu iwukuvezwa kwesiko elifanayo lamaqembu ahlukene eMelika: ngokondeni, ngokohlanga, ngokomsebezi, ngokwenkolo, ngokwezifunda; isiko elivezwayo lihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela eziphawula lelo siko ezifana nenkambo, inkolelo, amakhono obuchule, ulimi, ubucikomazwi, izakhiwo, umculo, imidlalo, ukusina, ilingiso, umciilisho, ezobuhle, oemisebenzi yezandla; lezi zimvezo zovame ukufundwa ngomlomo, ngokubukela, noma ngokuqhogoya, futhi zigcinwa ngaphandle kokuthi kwenzuzo yokufundiswa okuhleliwe noma ukuqondiswa yizikhungo." </blockquote> Kunezincasiselo ezihlukene. Ngokuka William Bascom, "kunemisebenzi emine yamagugu esintu":{{sfn|Bascom|1954}} * Amagugu esintu avumela abantu basinde ekucindezelweni umphakathi. * Amagugu esintu afakazela isiko, ahlanguze imicikilisho yalo kwabagcinayo nezikhungo zalo kwabazihloniphayo. * Amagugu esintu ayisiklamo sendlela-kufundisa esigcizelela isimilo nezizima eyakhela ngazo. * Amagugu esintu ayindlela yokufaka ingcindezi yezenhlalo nokulawulo lwezenhlalo. ==Amaphatho== fwgrmy9rzzerq61v33hnlqjgf9o92fm 129906 129902 2026-09-28T10:38:04Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Amaphatho */ 129906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg|thumb|Inganekwane yamaJalimani, ''kaHansel noGretel'';Umdwebo kaArthur Rackham, 1909]] '''Amagugu esintu''' yindikimba yesiko elivezwayo leqembu elithile labantu, [[isiko]] noma isiko eliphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinkambiso ezilandwayo (oral traditions) ezifana nezilandiso, izaga, [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] namahlaya. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nesiko eliphathekayo, elifana nezinhlobo zokwakha zalelo qembu. Amagugu esintu abuye ahlanganisa nezimfundiso ezingokwesiko, ezivela ezinkolelweni zesintu, kuhlanganisa nenkolo yesintu, kanye nemicikilisho yemigubho eyenziwa [[Umkhosi|ngemikhosi]], [[umshado|imishado]], [[Udwendwe|imigcagco]], imisino yesintu, nemicikilisho yokukhula.{{sfn|Dundes|1965|p=3}} Okunye kwalokho, kukunye noma kuhlangane, kuthathwa njengelondolondo lesiko noma ukuzigqaja ngesiko. Okunye ukuyibgqikithi njengesimo, amagugu esintu ahlanganisa nokudluliswa kwamalondolondo asuka esifundeni esisodwa aya kwesinye noma lapho eshiyelwa izizukulwane ezilandelayo. Amagugu esintu akuyona into engazuzwa umuntu ngojuyifunda ezikoleni noma nokufunda ubuciko bokubatshazwa. Kunalokho, izinkambiso zidluliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, nokufundiswa wona noma ngokuboniswa wona.{{sfn|Schlinkert|2007|p=37}} Ucwaningo lakwangqondonkulu olufunda amagugu esintu lubizwa ngokuthi Izifundo zamagugu esintu, futhi zingaphenfululwa kusuka emazingeni obuncunda, emva kobuncunda nobungcithabuchopho.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folklore Programs in the US and Canada |url=https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025803/https://cfs.osu.edu/about/resources/programs |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=21 August 2020 |website=Center for Folklore Studies |publisher=Ohio State University}}</ref> == Imvelaphi nentuthuko yezifundo zamagugu esintu == Amagugu esintu aqala ukuvela njengmkhakha ozimele ngenkathi yokuthanda ubuzwe yaseYurophu. Ungqoshishili walokhu kwakunguJohann Gottfried von Herder, izincwadi zakhe zeshuiminyaka lowe-1770 zethula izinkambiso zomlomo njengendlela yomdabu yendawo. Ngemuva kokuthi izifundazwe zeJalimani zihlaselwe iFransi eholwa nguNapoleon, indlela kaHerder yokuchaza yasetshenziswa abaningi eJalimani, abayihlela kahle futhi baqopha izinkambiso zesintu bazisebenzisa emidludlungweni yabo yokwakha isizwe. Lo mdludlungu wamukelwa ngesasasa amanye izizwe ezincane, ezifana neFinland, Estonia, neHungary, nazo ezazifuna ukuzimela kwezobusazwe ziphume ejokeni lomakhelwane bazo.{{sfn|Noyes|2012|p=20}} Amagugu esintu, njengomkhakha wezemfundo, athuthuka ekhulwini le-19 uthuthukiswa ongoti baseYurophu ababeqhathanisa [[Inkambiso|izinkambiso]] zasendulo nesimanjemanje esisha. Inhlozingo yalomkhakha yayisemagugweni esintu omlomo atholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ezazibhekwa njengezinsalela zezolo ezaziqhubeka nokuba khona emazingeni aphansi omphakathi.{{sfn|Noyes|2012|pages=15–16}} Incwadi ethi "Kinder- und Hausmärchen" of the Brothers Grimm (eyashicilelwa ngowe-1812) iyingqoqelelo eyaziwayo yamagugu esintu omlomo aseYurophu yangaleyo nkathi. Le ntshisekelo yokufuda izisho, izindaba, amahubo, nomculo yaqhubeka nasekhulwini le-19 futhi yaklelisa lomkhakha wongoti bamagugu esintu nobucikomazwi nezinganekwane. Ekufikeni kwekhulu lama-20, izifundo zamagugu esintu zase zikhulile. Futhi namuhla kunogoti bamagugu esintu kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba. Abantu abacwaning amagugu esintu babizwa ongoti amagugu esintu, futhi igama elithi amagugu esintu lagqama lapho lichasiswa futhi lisetshenziswa nguSimon Bronner, see {{harvnb|Bronner|1986|page=xi}}.}} nalapho kuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezifundo zakwangqondonkulu zenkambiso yesiko nalezo ezimayelana namalondolondo esiko gokwawo. Lapho kugunyazwa uMthetho Wokulondoloza Impilo Yesintu eMelika (Public Law 94-201) ukhongolose waseMelika ngoweJanuary 1976,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/public_law.html |title=Public Law 94-201: The Creation of the American Folklife Center |website=American Folklife Center |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928191517/https://www.loc.gov/folklife/public_law.html |archive-date=28 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> nakhu okunye okwaphawulwa ongoti. <blockquote>"…Impilo yesintu iwukuvezwa kwesiko elifanayo lamaqembu ahlukene eMelika: ngokondeni, ngokohlanga, ngokomsebezi, ngokwenkolo, ngokwezifunda; isiko elivezwayo lihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezindlela eziphawula lelo siko ezifana nenkambo, inkolelo, amakhono obuchule, ulimi, ubucikomazwi, izakhiwo, umculo, imidlalo, ukusina, ilingiso, umciilisho, ezobuhle, oemisebenzi yezandla; lezi zimvezo zovame ukufundwa ngomlomo, ngokubukela, noma ngokuqhogoya, futhi zigcinwa ngaphandle kokuthi kwenzuzo yokufundiswa okuhleliwe noma ukuqondiswa yizikhungo." </blockquote> Kunezincasiselo ezihlukene. Ngokuka William Bascom, "kunemisebenzi emine yamagugu esintu":{{sfn|Bascom|1954}} * Amagugu esintu avumela abantu basinde ekucindezelweni umphakathi. * Amagugu esintu afakazela isiko, ahlanguze imicikilisho yalo kwabagcinayo nezikhungo zalo kwabazihloniphayo. * Amagugu esintu ayisiklamo sendlela-kufundisa esigcizelela isimilo nezizima eyakhela ngazo. * Amagugu esintu ayindlela yokufaka ingcindezi yezenhlalo nokulawulo lwezenhlalo. == Iminxa yamagugu esintu == [[File:UAE Folk Dance- Khaliji.jpg|thumb|Umsino womdabuko wama- Arab; abesifazane banezinwele ezisceleni bembathe izingubo ezimabhadubhadu.]] Amalondolondo amagugu esintu, avame ukujinjwa phakathi owezinhlobo ezintathu: aphathekayo, awomlomo, nawemhambo. Ingxenye Enkulu yawo iyazichaza, lemijinjo ihlanganisa nezinto eziphathekayo ('''amagugu esintu aphathekayo'''), izisho ezivamile, izindaba neamahubo ('''amagugu esintu omlomo'''), izinkolelo nezindlela zokwenza ('''amagugu esintu omhambo'''). Kukhona nomunxa ongaphansi wesine ochasiswa ngokuthi amagugu esintu ezingane nemidlalo, okuyizingqoqelelo nokuhlakahlwa kwalezi sihloko esisha ikakhulu ezikoleni nasemigwaqeni yamanxuluma.{{sfn|Opie|Opie|1969}} Umjinjo ngamunye nohlobo kwawo olungaphansi ihloselwe ukuhlelemba amagugu esintu nokujinja amalondolondo wamagugu esintu. ==Amaphatho== i16740a33uw2h8rgxj70we0vw3nmtte 0 35579 129891 2026-09-28T07:35:58Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373885559|Helicopter]]" 129891 wikitext text/x-wiki Indiza enophephela emhlane uhlobo lwe -rotorcraft lapho ukuphakamisa kanye [[Isilukuzelo|nokusunduza]] kunikezwa khona ngama -rotor ajikelezayo avundlile. Lokhu kuvumela indiza enophephela emhlane ukuthi isuke futhi ihlale phansi iqonde phezulu ikwazi ukuzulazula futhi indize iye phambili emuva nangaseceleni. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2003|title=Helicopters|url=https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Dictionary/helicopter/DI27.htm|accessdate=6 December 2025|website=Centennial Of Flight|publisher=[[American Aviation Historical Society]]}}</ref> Lezi zimfanelo zivumela izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezindaweni eziminyene kakhulu noma ezikude lapho khona izindiza ezinamaphiko aqinile kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zokuhamba okufushane nokufika noma ukufinyelela ( STOL ) noma futhi izindiza ezimfushane nokufika ngokuqondile ( STOVL ) zingakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwendlela yokugijima kakhulu . I-Focke-Wulf Fw 61 yayiyindiza enophephela emhlane yokuqala ephumelelayo esebenzayo futhi elawulwa ngokugcwele ngo-1936 kanti ngo-1942 i-ISikorsky R-4-4 yaba indiza enophephela emhlane yokuqala eyafinyelela ekukhiqizweni okuphelele. Kusukela ngo-1939 kuze kube ngu-1943 U-Igor Sikorsky wasebenza ekuthuthukiseni I-VS-300 okwathi ngaphezu kwezingu-4 kwaba yisisekelo sezindiza ezinophephela emhlane zesimanje ezine-rotor eyodwa eyinhloko kanye ne-rotor yomsila owodwa vo. Yize imiklamo eminingi yangaphambilini yayisebenzisa i-rotor eyinhloko engaphezu kweyodwa ukwakheka kwe-rotor eyodwa eyinhloko ehambisana ne-I-rotor yomsila oqondile (okungukuthi ''I-unicopter'' okungafanele ididaniswe ne-I-monocopter enesibambo esisodwa) sekuyindlela evame kakhulu ye-helicopter. Kodwa-ke Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezinama-twin-rotor (ama-bicopters) noma ngama-i-tandem noma ama-transverse rotors ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa ngenxa yomthwalo wazo omkhulu kunomklamo we-monorotor futhi izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-coaxil nazo zindiza namuhla. Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezine-rotor (ama-quadcopter) zaqala ngo-1907 eFrance futhi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezindiza ezinemibhobho eminingi zenziwe ngokuyinhloko futhi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokukhethekile njengezimoto ezingasebenzi ([[INdiza eswelumuntu|ama-drones]]) ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwemincintiswano ye-drones kanye [[INdayi|izimakethe]] zokuthwebula Izithombe zasemoyeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama shumi amabili nanye kanye nemisebenzi yasanda kusetshenziswa njenge-artillery spotting ukuqhuma emoyeni kanye nama-drones e-kamikaze. md2gs8mv5f0yp3xqaij9jjtitjvumx7 0 35580 129893 2026-09-28T08:09:17Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376141875|National House of Traditional Leaders]]" 129893 wikitext text/x-wiki   INdlu kaZwelonke yabaHoli Bendbuko NabaThwa iyindikimba engokomthetho yabaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika, emele ngayinye yezindlu eziyisishiyagalombili zezifundazwe zabaholi bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Members of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830140729/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Kuze kube ngowe-1998 yayibizwa ngokuthi uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wabaholi Bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Background of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830135952/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Indima yayo ihlanganisa ukweluleka [[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika|uhulumeni kazwelonke]] ezindabeni eziphathelene nomthetho wamasiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Mandate|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830133043/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> == Bheka futhi == * Ntlo ya Dikgosi yaseBotswana * UMkhandlu Wabaholi Bamasiko BaseNamibia * ISigele saseLesotho * Abaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika == Izikhombo == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] nwne18ftbbiu9eep892k17hwztl4jry 129894 129893 2026-09-28T08:13:52Z Fongcwele 16873 129894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislature | name = INdlu Kazwelonke Yabaholi Bendabuko NabaThwa | body = [[Statutory body]] | logo = NHTKL-Logo.png | logo_res = 240px | preceded_by = National Council of Traditional Leaders | seats = {{unbulleted list|{{colorbox|#1F77B4|3}} Eastern Cape|{{colorbox|#FF7F0E|3}} Free State|{{colorbox|#2CA02C|2}} Gauteng|{{colorbox|#D62728|3}} Kwa-Zulu Natal|{{colorbox|#9467BD|3}} Limpopo|{{colorbox|#8C564B|3}} Mpumalanga|{{colorbox|#E377C2|3}} Northern Cape|{{colorbox|#7F7F7F|3}} North West}} | structure1 = {{seats diagram |n1=3|p1=Eastern Cape|c1=#1F77B4 |n2=3|p2=Free State|c2=#FF7F0E |n3=2|p3=Gauteng|c3=#2CA02C |n4=3|p4=Kwa-Zulu Natal|c4=#D62728 |n5=3|p5=Limpopo|c5=#9467BD |n6=3|p6=Mpumalanga|c6=#8C564B |n7=3|p7=Northern Cape|c7=#E377C2 |n8=3|p8=North West|c8=#7F7F7F |width=170 {{colorbox|#1F77B4|Eastern Cape}} }} | authority = | constitution = [[Constitution of South Africa#Chapter 12: Traditional Leaders|Constitution of South Africa, Chapter 12]] | jurisdiction = [[South Africa]] | committees1 = {{Collapsible list |framestyle=border:none; |bullets=true |title=List |1=Executive Committee|2=Committee of Chairpersons|3=Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Committee|4=Gender, Youth, Children, Aged, People with disabilities and LGBTQI communities, and Social Development committee|5=Internal Arrangements, Planning and Cooperative Governance Committee|6=Economic Development, Tourism and Minerals Resources Committee|7=Land, Agriculture and Rural Development Committee|8=Tradition, Heritage and Culture Committee}} | footnotes = Source: [[Department of Traditional Affairs|DTA]]<ref name="AR24/25">{{cite report |title=NHTKL 2024-2025 Annual Report |url=https://static.pmg.org.za/NHTKL_2024-2025_Annual_Report_Final_Version.pdf| isbn=978-1-83491-403-9 }}</ref> }}  '''INdlu kaZwelonke yabaHoli Bendbuko NabaThwa''' iyindikimba engokomthetho yabaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika, emele ngayinye yezindlu eziyisishiyagalombili zezifundazwe zabaholi bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Members of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830140729/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Kuze kube ngowe-1998 yayibizwa ngokuthi uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wabaholi Bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Background of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830135952/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Indima yayo ihlanganisa ukweluleka [[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika|uhulumeni kazwelonke]] ezindabeni eziphathelene nomthetho wamasiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Mandate|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830133043/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> == Bheka futhi == * Ntlo ya Dikgosi yaseBotswana * UMkhandlu Wabaholi Bamasiko BaseNamibia * ISigele saseLesotho * Abaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika == Izikhombo == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] 76kyqgp8f5ys11rswame2ibe3w0tql7 129899 129894 2026-09-28T08:25:47Z Fongcwele 16873 129899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislature | name = INdlu Kazwelonke Yabaholi Bendabuko NabaThwa | body = [[Statutory body]] | logo = NHTKL-Logo.png | logo_res = 240px | preceded_by = National Council of Traditional Leaders | seats = {{unbulleted list|{{colorbox|#1F77B4|3}} Eastern Cape|{{colorbox|#FF7F0E|3}} Free State|{{colorbox|#2CA02C|2}} Gauteng|{{colorbox|#D62728|3}} Kwa-Zulu Natal|{{colorbox|#9467BD|3}} Limpopo|{{colorbox|#8C564B|3}} Mpumalanga|{{colorbox|#E377C2|3}} Northern Cape|{{colorbox|#7F7F7F|3}} North West}} | structure1 = {{seats diagram |n1=3|p1=Eastern Cape|c1=#1F77B4 |n2=3|p2=Free State|c2=#FF7F0E |n3=2|p3=Gauteng|c3=#2CA02C |n4=3|p4=Kwa-Zulu Natal|c4=#D62728 |n5=3|p5=Limpopo|c5=#9467BD |n6=3|p6=Mpumalanga|c6=#8C564B |n7=3|p7=Northern Cape|c7=#E377C2 |n8=3|p8=North West|c8=#7F7F7F |width=170 {{colorbox|#1F77B4|Eastern Cape}} }} | authority = | constitution = Umthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, Isahluko 12 | jurisdiction = [[South Africa|iNingizimu Afrika]] | committees1 = {{Collapsible list |framestyle=border:none; |bullets=true |title=List |1=Executive Committee|2=Committee of Chairpersons|3=Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Committee|4=Gender, Youth, Children, Aged, People with disabilities and LGBTQI communities, and Social Development committee|5=Internal Arrangements, Planning and Cooperative Governance Committee|6=Economic Development, Tourism and Minerals Resources Committee|7=Land, Agriculture and Rural Development Committee|8=Tradition, Heritage and Culture Committee}} | footnotes = Source: [[Department of Traditional Affairs|DTA]]<ref name="AR24/25">{{cite report |title=NHTKL 2024-2025 Annual Report |url=https://static.pmg.org.za/NHTKL_2024-2025_Annual_Report_Final_Version.pdf| isbn=978-1-83491-403-9 }}</ref> }}  '''INdlu kaZwelonke yabaHoli Bendbuko NabaThwa''' iyindikimba engokomthetho yabaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika, emele ngayinye yezindlu eziyisishiyagalombili zezifundazwe zabaholi bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Members of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830140729/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2&Itemid=11|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Kuze kube ngowe-1998 yayibizwa ngokuthi uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wabaholi Bendabuko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Background of the NHTL|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830135952/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=31|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> Indima yayo ihlanganisa ukweluleka [[UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika|uhulumeni kazwelonke]] ezindabeni eziphathelene nomthetho wamasiko.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the National House for Traditional Leaders - Mandate|url=http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830133043/http://www.nhtl.gov.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=9|archive-date=2009-08-30|website=www.nhtl.gov.za}}</ref> == Bheka futhi == * Ntlo ya Dikgosi yaseBotswana * UMkhandlu Wabaholi Bamasiko BaseNamibia * ISigele saseLesotho * Abaholi bendabuko eNingizimu Afrika == Izikhombo == {{Uhlu lwemithombo}} [[Category:UHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]] hn97f61slhg7347luyw965limkr2hua 10 35581 129895 2026-09-28T08:14:51Z Fongcwele 16873 Redirected page to [[Template:Color box]] 129895 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Template:Color box]] 1n7tw9tn6os5qphppszw0dv5ulybji5 10 35582 129896 2026-09-28T08:17:03Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Legislature diagram|drawLegislature}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" 129896 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Legislature diagram|drawLegislature}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> rbbl2hjbyymimt83dj92ytzifg3v3gu 828 35583 129897 2026-09-28T08:18:47Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local partyFetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch local groupingsModule = require('Module:Political groupings') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local buildTable = groupingsModule._buildTable -- helper functions for a port from python local function sum(of) local total = 0 for i, v in pairs(of) do total = total + v end return total end local function max(a, b)..." 129897 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local partyFetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch local groupingsModule = require('Module:Political groupings') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local buildTable = groupingsModule._buildTable -- helper functions for a port from python local function sum(of) local total = 0 for i, v in pairs(of) do total = total + v end return total end local function max(a, b) if a > b then return a end return b end local function round(x) if x >= 0 then return math.floor(x + 0.5) else return math.ceil(x - 0.5) end end local function int(x) return x >= 0 and math.floor(x) or math.ceil(x) end local function len(of) return #of end -- seat positioning code is a lua port of geometry.py in -- https://github.com/Gouvernathor/parliamentarch/tree/main -- which has now been dual licenced with CC-BY-SA-4.0 -- default angle, in degrees, coming from the rightmost seats -- through the center to the leftmost seats local DEFAULT_SPAN_ANGLE = 180 local function get_row_thickness(nrows) -- Returns the thickness of a row in the same unit as the coordinates. return 1 / (4*nrows - 2) end local function get_rows_from_nrows(nrows, span_angle) -- This indicates the maximal number of seats for each row for a given number of rows. -- Returns a list of number of seats per row, from inner to outer. -- The length of the list is nrows. -- span_angle, if provided, is the angle in degrees that the hemicycle, as an annulus arc, covers. span_angle = span_angle or DEFAULT_SPAN_ANGLE local rv = {} -- thickness of a row (as an annulus) compared to the outer diameter of the hemicycle -- this is equal to the diameter of a single seat local rad = get_row_thickness(nrows) -- if you divide the half-disk of the hemicycle -- into one half-disk of half the radius -- and one half-annulus outside it, -- the innermost row lies on the border between the two, -- and the outermost row lies entirely inside the half-annulus. -- So, looking at the line cutting the circle and the annulus in half -- (which is the bottom border of the diagram), -- all rows minus one half of the innermost are on the left, same on the right, -- and the radius of the void at the center is equal to that value again. -- So, total = 4 * (nrows-.5) = 4*nrows - 2 local radian_span_angle = math.pi*span_angle/180 for r = 0, nrows-1 do -- row radius : the radius of the circle crossing the center of each seat in the row local row_arc_radius = .5 + 2*r*rad table.insert(rv, int(radian_span_angle*row_arc_radius/(2*rad))) end return rv end local function get_nrows_from_nseats(nseats, span_angle) -- Returns the minimal number of rows necessary to contain nseats seats. span_angle = span_angle or DEFAULT_SPAN_ANGLE local i = 1 while sum(get_rows_from_nrows(i, span_angle)) < nseats do i = i + 1 end return i end local DEFAULT = 0 -- The seats are distributed among all the rows, -- proportionally to the maximum number of seats each row may contain. local EMPTY_INNER = 1 -- Selects as few outermost rows as necessary, then distributes the seats among them, -- proportionally to the maximum number of seats each row may contain. local OUTER_PRIORITY = 2 -- Fills up the rows as much as possible, starting with the outermost ones. local function get_seats_centers(nseats, args) -- Returns a list of nseats seat centers as (angle, x, y) tuples. -- The canvas is assumed to be of 2 in width and 1 in height, with the y axis pointing up. -- The angle is calculated from the (1., 0.) center of the hemicycle, in radians, -- with 0° for the leftmost seats, 90° for the center and 180° for the rightmost. -- The minimum number of rows required to contain the given number of seats -- will be computed automatically. -- If min_nrows is higher, that will be the number of rows, otherwise the parameter is ignored. -- Passing a higher number of rows will make the diagram sparser. -- seat_radius_factor should be between 0 and 1, -- with seats touching their neighbors in packed rows at seat_radius_factor=1. -- It is only taken into account when placing the seats at the extreme left and right of the hemicycle -- (which are the seats at the bottom of the diagram), -- although the placement of these seats impacts in turn the placement of the other seats. -- span_angle is the angle in degrees from the rightmost seats, -- through the center, to the leftmost seats. -- It defaults to 180° to make a true hemicycle. -- Values above 180° are not supported. args = args or {} local min_nrows = args.min_nrows or 0 local filling_strategy = args.filling_strategy or DEFAULT local span_angle = args.span_angle or DEFAULT_SPAN_ANGLE local nrows = max(min_nrows, get_nrows_from_nseats(nseats, span_angle)) -- thickness of a row in the same unit as the coordinates local row_thicc = get_row_thickness(nrows) local span_angle_margin = (1 - span_angle/180)*math.pi /2 local maxed_rows = get_rows_from_nrows(nrows, span_angle) local starting_row, filling_ratio, seats_on_starting_row if filling_strategy == DEFAULT then starting_row = 0 filling_ratio = nseats/sum(maxed_rows) elseif filling_strategy == EMPTY_INNER then -- case FillingStrategy.EMPTY_INNER: -- rows = list(maxed_rows) -- while sum(rows[1:]) >= nseats: -- rows.pop(0) -- # here, rows represents the rows which are enough to contain nseats, -- # and their number of seats -- # this row will be the first one to be filled -- # the innermore ones are empty -- starting_row = nrows-len(rows) -- filling_ratio = nseats/sum(rows) -- del rows elseif filling_strategy == OUTER_PRIORITY then -- case FillingStrategy.OUTER_PRIORITY: -- rows = list(maxed_rows) -- while sum(rows) > nseats: -- rows.pop(0) -- # here, rows represents the rows which will be fully filled, -- # and their number of seats -- # this row will be the only one to be partially filled -- # the innermore ones are empty, the outermore ones are fully filled -- starting_row = nrows-len(rows)-1 -- seats_on_starting_row = nseats-sum(rows) -- del rows -- case _: -- raise ValueError(f"Unrecognized strategy : {filling_strategy}") end local positions = {} for r = starting_row, nrows - 1 do local nseats_this_row if r == nrows - 1 then -- if it's the last, outermost row -- fit all the remaining seats nseats_this_row = nseats-len(positions) elseif filling_strategy == OUTER_PRIORITY then if r == starting_row then nseats_this_row = seats_on_starting_row -- TODO: seats_on_starting_row is never set else nseats_this_row = maxed_rows[r + 1] -- MORWEN NOTE: FUCKING LUA ONE BASED ARRAYS I HATE IT SO MUCH end else -- fullness of the diagram times the maximum number of seats in the row nseats_this_row = round(filling_ratio * maxed_rows[r + 1]) -- actually more precise rounding : avoid rounding errors to accumulate too much -- nseats_this_row = round((nseats-len(positions)) * maxed_rows[r]/sum(subrange(maxed_rows, r)) end -- row radius : the radius of the circle crossing the center of each seat in the row local row_arc_radius = .5 + 2*r*row_thicc local angle_margin, angle_increment, angle if nseats_this_row == 1 then table.insert(positions, {x=1, y=row_arc_radius, theta=math.pi/2}) else -- the angle necessary in this row to put the first (and last) seats fully in the canvas angle_margin = math.asin(row_thicc/row_arc_radius) -- add the margin to make up the side angle angle_margin = angle_margin + span_angle_margin -- alternatively, allow the centers of the seats by the side to reach the angle's boundary -- angle_margin = max(angle_margin, span_angle_margin) -- the angle separating two seats of that row angle_increment = (math.pi-2*angle_margin) / (nseats_this_row-1) -- a fraction of the remaining space, -- keeping in mind that the same elevation on start and end limits that remaining place to less than 2pi for s = 0, nseats_this_row - 1 do angle = angle_margin + s*angle_increment -- an oriented angle, so it goes trig positive (counterclockwise) table.insert(positions, { x=row_arc_radius*math.cos(angle)+1, y=row_arc_radius*math.sin(angle), theta=angle}) end end end return positions end local function getWidth(args, seats) if args.width then return args.width end if seats <= 29 then return 280 elseif seats <= 100 then return 300 else return 350 end end -- -- Linearizes an 8-bit sRGB channel per the W3C WCAG 2.x standard -- -- Source: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/#relativeluminancedef -- local function linearize(c) -- c = c / 255.0 -- if c <= 0.04045 then -- return c / 12.92 -- else -- return ((c + 0.055) / 1.055) ^ 2.4 -- end -- end -- -- Calculates relative luminance (L) from a standard hex string -- local function getLuminance(hex) -- -- Sanitize input by stripping '#' -- hex = hex:gsub("^#", "") -- -- -- Expand 3-digit hex to 6-digit (e.g., "F00" -> "FF0000") -- -- if #hex == 3 then -- -- hex = hex:gsub("(.)", "%1%1") -- -- end -- -- Parse hexadecimal to decimal -- local r = tonumber(hex:sub(1, 2), 16) -- local g = tonumber(hex:sub(3, 4), 16) -- local b = tonumber(hex:sub(5, 6), 16) -- -- Apply human optical sensitivity weights to the linearized channels -- return 0.2126 * linearize(r) + 0.7152 * linearize(g) + 0.0722 * linearize(b) -- end local function getLuminance(color) local luminance = require('Module:Color contrast')._lum(color) if type(luminance) ~= "number" then return 1 -- white end return luminance end -- Native Lua entry point local function getBorderColor(circleColor) local L_circle = getLuminance(circleColor) -- Algorithm #1: Optimal contrasting color against the text itself -- If L > 0.1791, the color is light, so black contrasts best. local optimalTextContrast = (L_circle > 0.1791) and "black" or "white" -- Contrast ratio against pure white (L = 1.0) and pure black (L = 0.0) -- Formula: (Lighter + 0.05) / (Darker + 0.05) local crAgainstWhite = 1.05 / (L_circle + 0.05) local crAgainstBlack = (L_circle + 0.05) / 0.05 -- The WCAG AA standard for normal text is a ratio of 4.5:1. -- If the text passes against the background, no border is strictly needed. -- If it fails, the border must be the inverse of the background to be visible. -- written in this manner in case we want to make it a standalone module or something (see commented-out function below) local d = { luminance = L_circle, idealBorderColor = optimalTextContrast, whiteBg = { needsBorder = crAgainstWhite < 4.5, borderColor = "#000000" }, blackBg = { needsBorder = crAgainstBlack < 4.5, borderColor = "#F8F9FA" } } if d.blackBg.needsBorder then return d.blackBg.borderColor elseif d.whiteBg.needsBorder then return d.whiteBg.borderColor end return nil end -- -- if we wanted to make this a standalone module or something -- function p.getBorder(frame) -- local hex = frame.args[1] or frame.args.color or "FFFFFF" -- local bgType = frame.args.bg or "white" -- Expects "white" or "black" -- local logic = _getBorderLogic(hex) -- if bgType:lower() == "black" then -- if logic.blackBg.needsBorder then -- return logic.blackBg.borderColor -- else -- return "none" -- end -- else -- if logic.whiteBg.needsBorder then -- return logic.whiteBg.borderColor -- else -- return "none" -- end -- end -- end local function makeLegislature(args, parsed) local working = {} for _, party in ipairs(parsed.parties) do for n = 1, parsed.seatCounts[party] do table.insert(working, party) end end for n = 1, parsed.vacancies do table.insert(working, "Vacancy") end local svg = mw.svg.new() local circles = {} local seats = get_seats_centers(#working) table.sort(seats, function(a, b) return a.theta > b.theta end) local size = get_row_thickness(get_nrows_from_nseats(#working)) -- 1. Check if the user passed the optional parameter local use_toolforge = true if args.toolforge_style ~= nil then use_toolforge = yesno(args.toolforge_style) end local radius_multiplier = use_toolforge and 0.8 or 0.9 -- Decrease radius from 0.9 to 0.8 to match the Toolforge spacing for i, v in ipairs(working) do local circle = mw.html.create('circle') :attr('cx', seats[i].x) :attr('cy', -seats[i].y) :attr('r', size * radius_multiplier) :attr('fill', parsed.partyColors[v] or "white") local border = parsed.borderColors[v] if border then circle = circle:css('stroke', border) -- :css('stroke-width', 'max(2px, 0.3162%)') -- .005 but scaled for our hardcoded viewbox below :css('stroke-width', .005) else -- local stroke_width = 'max(2px, 0.3162%)' -- .005 local stroke_width = .005 if #seats >= 250 and #seats < 600 then -- stroke_width = 'max(2px, 0.2213%)' -- .0035 stroke_width = .0035 elseif #seats >= 600 then -- stroke_width = 'max(2px, 0.1581%)' -- .0025 stroke_width = .0025 end -- 2. Only draw a black stroke if the seat is a vacancy or -- toolforge_style is false local black_border_only_for_vacancies = args.black_border_only_for_vacancies == "y" or args.black_border_only_for_vacancies == "yes" or args.black_border_only_for_vacancies == "true" or args.black_border_only_for_vacancies == "1" or args.black_border_only_for_vacancies == 1 if black_border_only_for_vacancies then if (v == "Vacancy" or v == "Vacant Party (US)") then circle = circle:css('stroke', 'black') :css('stroke-width', .005) -- in this mode, hardcode .005 bc it's supposed to mimic the legacy toolforge style (probably should rename the argument to reflect that intent) end else circle = circle:css('stroke', getBorderColor(parsed.partyColors[v])) :css('stroke-width', stroke_width) end end table.insert(circles, tostring(circle:done())) end -- 3. Inject the center text node with the total number of seats but only if toolforge_style is true if use_toolforge then local center_text = mw.html.create('text') :attr('x', 1) :attr('y', -(5/175)) -- Exactly 170/175 down the canvas :attr('text-anchor', 'middle') :css('font-size', tostring(36/175) .. 'px') -- Exactly the Python font factor :css('font-family', 'sans-serif') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :css('fill', 'black') :css('stroke', '#F8F9FA') :css('stroke-width', '0.015') :css('paint-order', 'stroke') :wikitext(#working) table.insert(circles, tostring(center_text:done())) end local box = svg:setAttribute( 'viewBox', '0 -1 2 1' ) :setContent( table.concat(circles) ) :setImgAttribute( 'alt', 'Graph of the party split among ' .. #seats .. " seats." ) local width = getWidth(args, #seats) if width then box = box:setImgAttribute('width', tostring(width)) end return box end local function drawLegislature(args, parsed) local svg = makeLegislature(args, parsed) return svg:toImage() -- Gives the image end local function generateCaption(root, _args, data) local list = root:tag('ul') list:css('column-count', '2') list:css('margin-left', '0') for i, v in ipairs(data.parties) do list:tag('li') --li :css('list-style-type', 'none') :css('list-style-image', 'none') :css('margin', '0') :tag('span') --span :css('border', 'none') :css('width', '1.2em') :css('height', '1.2em') :css('background-color', data.partyColors[v] or "white") :css('margin-right', '0.3em') :css('vertical-align', 'middle') :css('display', 'inline-block') :done() :wikitext(v .. ': ' .. data.seats[v]) :done() end return list end local function legislatureFloat(args, data) local root = mw.html.create('div') local width = getWidth(args, data.total) local mainDiv = root:tag('div') mainDiv:addClass('thumb') mainDiv:addClass('t'..args['float']) local divThumbinner = mainDiv:tag('div') divThumbinner:addClass('thumbinner') divThumbinner:css('width', tostring(width*1.125)..'px') divThumbinner:css('padding-right', '6.5px !important') if args['title'] then local divTitle = divThumbinner:tag('div') divTitle:addClass('thumbdescription') divTitle:css('font-weight', 'bold') divTitle:css('text-align', 'center') divTitle:css('font-size', '100%') divTitle:wikitext(args['title']) end local divThumbimage = divThumbinner:tag('div') divThumbimage:addClass('thumbimage') divThumbimage:addClass('diagram') divThumbimage:addClass('noprint') divThumbimage:css('width', tostring(width)..'px') divThumbimage:css('height', tostring(width/2)..'px') divThumbimage:css('padding', tostring(width/15)..'px') divThumbimage:css('overflow', 'hidden') divThumbimage:css('background', args.background) local svg = makeLegislature(args, data) divThumbimage:wikitext(tostring(svg:toImage())) local divThumbcaption = divThumbinner:tag('div') divThumbcaption:addClass('thumbcaption') divThumbcaption:wikitext('Total '..tostring(data.total)..' seats') generateCaption(divThumbcaption, args, data) return root end p._drawLegislature = drawLegislature function p.drawLegislature(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = {'Template:Legislature diagram', 'Template:Parliament diagram', 'Template:Seats diagram'} }) local parsed = buildTable(args) if args.float then return legislatureFloat(args, parsed) end return p._drawLegislature(args, parsed) end return p 7w4fqkbug0b856n583oadsifmchgqo1 828 35584 129898 2026-09-28T08:21:28Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local partyFetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch local colorCache = {} local shortCache = {} local function getSum(text) if string.match(text, "[^%d%+]") then return nil end local sum = 0 for num in text:gmatch("%d+") do sum = sum + tonumber(num) end return sum end local function getBaseName(party) return mw.ustri..." 129898 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local partyFetch = require('Module:Political party')._fetch local colorCache = {} local shortCache = {} local function getSum(text) if string.match(text, "[^%d%+]") then return nil end local sum = 0 for num in text:gmatch("%d+") do sum = sum + tonumber(num) end return sum end local function getBaseName(party) return mw.ustring.gsub(party, "%s*%b()", "") end function p._getColor(party) if string.sub(party, 1, 1) == "#" then return party end local cached = colorCache[party] if string.lower(getBaseName(party)) == "independent" then party = "Independent" end if cached then return cached end local color = partyFetch({party, "color"}) or "black" color = mw.text.decode(mw.text.trim(color)) colorCache[party] = color return color end local function getShort(party, displayNames) if displayNames and displayNames[party] then return displayNames[party] end local cached = shortCache[party] if cached then return cached end local short = partyFetch({party, "shortname"}) or party short = mw.text.trim(short) shortCache[party] = short return short end local function makeLink(party, useShort, displayNames) local base = getBaseName(party) if string.lower(base) == "independent" then return "Independent" end local target = mw.title.new(party, mw.site.namespaces.Main) if not target.exists then if useShort then return getShort(party, displayNames) end return party end if useShort then return "[[" .. party .. "|" .. getShort(party, displayNames) .. "]]" end return "[[" .. party .. "|" .. base .. "]]" end local function capitalizeFirst(str) return mw.language.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(str or "") end local function makeColorBox(color) local moreStyle = "background-color: " .. color .. "; border: 1px solid darkgray;" return [[<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="forced-color-adjust:none;]] .. moreStyle .. [[">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>]] end local function isVacancy(party) party = string.lower(party) return party == "vacant" or party == "vacancy" or party == "casual vacancy" end local function processColor(party) if string.sub(party, 1, 5) == "&#35;" then return "#" .. string.sub(party, 6) end if string.sub(party, 1, 6) == "&#x23;" then return "#" .. string.sub(party, 7) end return party end function p._buildTable(args, tableMode) local parties = {} local seats = {} local seatCounts = {} local groupingsSeen = {} local groupings = {} local partyGrouping = {} local groupCounts = {} local partyColors = {} local borderColors = {} local total = 0 local vacancies = 0 local displayNames = {} local lastParty local addedParty local lastDisplayName for _, v in ipairs(args) do if not getSum(v) then if string.sub(v, 1, 1) == ":" then local grouping = string.sub(v, 2) if not groupingsSeen[grouping] then groupingsSeen[grouping] = true table.insert(groupings, grouping) groupCounts[grouping] = 0 end partyGrouping[addedParty] = grouping groupCounts[grouping] = groupCounts[grouping] + getSum(seats[addedParty]) elseif lastParty then lastDisplayName = v else lastParty = v lastDisplayName = nil end else if isVacancy(lastParty) and not tableMode then vacancies = vacancies + v total = total + (getSum(v) or 0) else table.insert(parties, lastParty) seats[lastParty] = v seatCounts[lastParty] = getSum(v) or 0 total = total + (getSum(v) or 0) displayNames[lastParty] = lastDisplayName partyColors[lastParty] = p._getColor(lastParty) addedParty = lastParty end lastParty = nil end end local idx = 1 while true do local partySeats = args["n" .. idx] if not partySeats then break end local partyName = args["p" .. idx] or args["c" .. idx] if partyName then table.insert(parties, partyName) seats[partyName] = partySeats partySeats = getSum(partySeats) or 0 partyColors[partyName] = processColor(args["c" .. idx] or p._getColor(partyName)) seatCounts[partyName] = partySeats local border = args["b" .. idx] if border then borderColors[partyName] = border end total = total + partySeats displayNames[partyName] = nil end idx = idx + 1 end return {groupings = groupings, parties = parties, partyGrouping = partyGrouping, groupCounts = groupCounts, seats = seats, seatCounts = seatCounts, displayNames = displayNames, vacancies = vacancies, partyColors = partyColors, borderColors = borderColors, total = total} end function p._getListing(args) local tableMode = yesno(args.table) local parsed = p._buildTable(args, tableMode) local groupings = parsed.groupings local parties = parsed.parties local partyGrouping = parsed.partyGrouping local groupCounts = parsed.groupCounts local seats = parsed.seats local displayNames = parsed.displayNames local vacancies = parsed.vacancies local useShort = not yesno(args.full_names) local hadOthers = false local otherName = "other parties" if #groupings == 0 then otherName = "all parties" end for i, party in ipairs(parties) do if not partyGrouping[party] then partyGrouping[party] = otherName groupCounts[otherName] = (groupCounts[otherName] or 0) + (getSum(seats[party]) or 0) hadOthers = true end end if hadOthers then table.insert(groupings, otherName) end local output = {} if args.total and tonumber(args.total) ~= parsed.total then table.insert(output, mw.text.tag( 'strong', { class = 'error' }, string.format('Number of seats (%d) mismatches specified total (%d)\n', parsed.total, tonumber(args.total)) )) end if tableMode then table.insert(output, "{| class=\"wikitable\"\n") table.insert(output, "! colspan=2| Party\n") table.insert(output, "! " .. (args["seat_header"] or args["seat-header"] or "Seats") .. "\n") for j, party in ipairs(parties) do local color = p._getColor(party) table.insert(output, "|-\n") table.insert(output, "|style=\"background-color:" .. color .. "\"|\n") table.insert(output, "|" .. makeLink(party, useShort, displayNames) .. "||align=center|" .. seats[party] .. "\n") end table.insert(output, "|-\n") table.insert(output, "!colspan=2|Total\n") table.insert(output, "!align=center|" .. parsed.total .. "\n") table.insert(output, "|}\n") else for i, group in ipairs(groupings) do table.insert(output, ";" .. capitalizeFirst(group) .. " (" .. groupCounts[group] .. ")\n") for j, party in ipairs(parties) do if partyGrouping[party] == group then local span = "nowrap" if yesno(args.wrap) then span = "" end table.insert(output, ": " .. "<span class='" .. span .. "'>" .. makeColorBox(p._getColor(party)) .. " " .. makeLink(party, useShort, displayNames) .. " (" .. seats[party] .. ")</span>\n") end end end if vacancies > 0 then local vacanciesString = "Vacancies" if vacancies == 1 then vacanciesString = "Vacancy" end table.insert(output, ";" .. vacanciesString .. " (" .. vacancies .. ")\n") local party = "Casual vacancy" table.insert(output, ": " .. "<span class='nowrap'>" .. makeColorBox(p._getColor(party)) .. " " .. makeLink(party, useShort) .. " (" .. vacancies .. ")</span>\n") end end return table.concat(output) end function p.getListing(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:political groupings' }) return p._getListing(args) end return p 1el4ak2bvhzkwhytbw918jjzxn856hn 14 35585 129900 2026-09-28T08:26:34Z Fongcwele 16873 Created page with "Izilotshwa eziphathelene nohulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika zizovela lapha." 129900 wikitext text/x-wiki Izilotshwa eziphathelene nohulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika zizovela lapha. t30m5j78ndcyvv004zill0jtfqwp5gv 0 35586 129901 2026-09-28T09:09:57Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374105880|Whale]]" 129901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imikhomo''' iyiqembu elisakazeke kabanzi futhi elihlukahlukene lezilwane ezincelisayo futhi zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini ngokugcwele. Njengeqembu elingahlelekile nelivamile, futhi zihambisana namalungu amakhulu e-infraorder Cetacea okungukuthi zonke izinhlobo ze-cetacean ngaphandle kwamahlengethwa nama porpoise . Amahlengethwa nama-porpoise angabhekwa njengemikhomo ngokombono osemthethweni we-cladistic . Imikhomo kanye amahlengethwa kanye nama porpoise kungokwalolu hlobo lwe Cetartiodactyla oluqukethe ama (ungulates) anonyawo olulinganayo. Izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu ezingezona izilwane eziphila ecetacean [[Imvubu|yizimvubu]] lapho khona nezinye izilwane eziphila ecetacean zahlukana khona eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama shumi ayisihlanu nane edlule. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imikhomo emibili [[Uhlelo (kumchazampilo)|ehlala kuyo]] imikhomo ye-baleen (Mysticeti) kanye nemikhomo enamazinyo (Odontoceti) yayinokhokho wayo wokugcina eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama shumi amathathu nantathu edlule. Izinhlobo ezingaziwa zihlanganisa [[Umndeni (kumchazampilo)|imindeni]] emine ekhona (ephilayo): iBalaenopteridae, (ama-rorquals), iBalaenidae (imikhomo yangakwesokudla), iCetotheriidae (umkhomo wangakwesokudla oyi-pygmy), kanye ne -Eschrichtiidae (umkhomo ompunga). Ama-Odontocetes afaka phakathi iMonodontidae (ama-beluga nama-narwhal), iPhyseteridae ( umkhomo wesidoda ), iKogiidae (umkhomo wesidoda wesidoda omfushane nowe-pygmy), kanye neZiphiidae (imikhomo enomlomo), kanye nemindeni eyisithupha yamahlengethwa nama-porpoise angabhekwa njengemikhomo ngomqondo ongakahleleki. Imikhomo iyizilwane zasemanzini ngokugcwele ezihlala olwandle oluvulekile ingakwazi ukondla, ukukhwelana, ukuzala, ukuncelisa nokukhulisa amaphuphu ayo olwandle. Imikhomo futhi isukela ku {{Convert|2.6|m|ft}} ngobukhulu kanye ku {{Convert|135|kg|lbs}} i-sperm whale encane kakhulu yona kuya ku {{Convert|29.9|m|ft}} kanye {{Convert|190|tonnes|ST}} umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esake saphila. I sperm whale iyisilwane esidla amazinyo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izinhlobo eziningana zemikhomo zona zibonisa ukungafani kobulili ngoba ezesifazane zinkulu kunezesilisa. Ama-baleen whale awanawo amazinyo esikhundleni salokho anezingcwecwe ze-baleen izakhiwo ezifana nemigqa eziwenza akwazi ukukhipha imilomo emikhulu yamanzi azithatha kuyilapho egcina i-krill ne (iplankton) azidla. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhanda abo makhulu kakhulu akha cishe u-40% wesisindo somzimba wabo futhi banemithambo entanyeni yabo eyenza ikwazi ukwandisa imilomo yabo. bayakwazi ukuthatha amanzi amaningi emlonyeni wabo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imikhomo ye (baleen) nayo inomuzwa wokunuka othuthukisiwe. Imikhomo enamazinyo, ngokuphambene, inamazinyo anezinhlayiya ezivumelanise nokubamba izinhlanzi noma ama-i-squid. Ziyena futhi ezwakalayo - kungaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamanzi - ukuthi ezinye zingasinda ngisho noma zingabe zimpumputhe. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-sperm whale, zivumelane kahle kakhulu nokubhukuda ekujuleni okukhulu ukuze zibambe ama-squid nezinye izisulu ezithandwayo. Imikhomo ivela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabathini, futhi kufanele ihlale ingaphandle ukuze iphefumule umoya, yize ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-sperm whale, zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-90.{{Sfn|Gray|2013}}Zinezimbobo zokuphefumula (izimbobo ezishintshiwe) ezisezingeni eliphezulu lamakhanda azo, lapho umoya ungena khona futhi uphume khona. ZiyIgazi elifudumele, futhi zinengqimba yamafutha, noma amafutha, ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngemizimba elula ye-[[wiktionary:fusiform|i-fusiform]] kanye nemilenze emibili eguqulwe ibe ama-flipper, imikhomo ingahamba ngejubane elifinyelela kuma-knot angu-20, yize ingashintshi noma isheshe njenge-seal. Imikhomo ikhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izingoma ezinde zemikhomo ye-humpback. Nakuba imikhomo isakazeke kabanzi, izinhlobo eziningi zithanda amanzi abandayo eNyakatho naseNingizimu yeHemispheres futhi zifudukela enkabazwe ukuze zibeletha. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-humpbacks ne-blue whale zikwazi ukuhamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kokudla. Amaduna avame ukuhlangana nezinsikazi eziningi njalo ngonyaka, kodwa izinsikazi zihlangana kuphela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Amantongomane avame ukuzalwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo; izinsikazi zithwala wonke umthwalo wokuwakhulisa. Omama kwezinye izinhlobo bazila ukudla bese bencela abantwana babo unyaka owodwa kuya kwezimbili. 9txb7s7vq89caqs93r6sdwbz3kibl5w 0 35587 129903 2026-09-28T09:27:29Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364209183|Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope]]" 129903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IRoyal Observatory, eKapa leThemalihle''', iyisikhungo senzuluwazi eNingizimu Afrika.<ref name="ACBrown">{{Cite book |last=Royal Society of South Africa |date=1977 |title=A History of Scientific Endeavour in South Africa: A Collection of Essays Published on the Occasion of the Centenary of the Royal Society of South Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-X4IAAAAMAAJ&q=founded+1820 |publisher=Royal Society of South Africa |editor-last=Brown |editor-first=Alexander Claude |location=Cape Town |page=60}}</ref> Yasungulwa yi-British Board of Longitude ngowe-1820, isakhiwo sayo esiyinhloko manje yisakhiwo sendlunkulu yeSikhangelo Somchazamkhathi sasNigizimu Afrika. Lesi sikhungo sasisegqumeni elincane elingamakhilomitha amahlanu (3.1 mi) eningizimu-mpumalanga ukusuka enkabeni [[IKapa|yeKapa]]. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo kwakhiwa isidlidli esisemaphethelweni kule ndawo; amaphandlwe ayephesheya aqanjwa ngokuthi i-''Observatory'' ethiwa nge-Royal Observatory eyayikhona. Yamenyezelwa [[Iziza zefagugu kuzwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika|njengeSiza sefagugu likazwelonke]] ngoDisemba 2018 <ref name="SAHRA Declaration">{{Cite web|title=National Gazette No 42127, 2018|url=http://www.greengazette.co.za/notices/national-heritage-resources-act-25-1999-declaration-of-the-south-african-astronomical-observatory-royal-observatory-as-a-national-heritage-site_20181221-GGN-42127-01404|publisher=S.A. Government}}</ref> futhi iye yaba isihloko se-ICOMOS / I-IAU Case Study [[ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba|njengeSiza Sefagug Lomhlaba]]. <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web|title=Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, Republic of South Africa|url=http://www2.astronomicalheritage.net/index.php/show-entity?identity=52&idsubentity=1|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> [[Category:Iziza zefagugu eNingizimu Afrika]] 7fekslm4i0wsrlhd33rpns85b5dk7e0 0 35588 129904 2026-09-28T09:32:54Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375794602|Dolphin]]" 129904 wikitext text/x-wiki I'''dolphin''' lingenye yezinhlobo ezingama shumi amane zezilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini ezivela [[Umndeni (kumchazampilo)|emindenini]] yama cetacean iDelphinidae (ama-dolphin ase-oceanic) iPlatanistidae (ama-dolphin asemfuleni waseNdiya), iIniidae (ama-dolphin asemfuleni i-New World), i-Pontoporiidae (ama-dolphin ase-brackish ), kanye ne -Lipotidae okungenzeka ukuthi yashabalala ( ''i-baiji'' noma i-dolphin yasemfuleni waseShayina). Yonke le mindeni ingeyama [[Uhlelo (kumchazampilo)|parvorder]] i-Odontoceti okungukuthi imikhomo enamazinyo, ehlanganisa nemindeni ehlobene eduze i-Monodontidae ( i-beluga ne -narwhal ) kanye ne -Phocoenidae ( ama-porpoise ) kanye nemindeni ekude kakhulu i-Physeteroidea (imikhomo yesidoda) kanye ne-Ziphiidae (imikhomo enezindebe). Amahlengethwa ayahlukahluka ngobukhulu kusukela kulawo anobude obuwu {{Convert|1.7|m|ftin|-long}} nehlengethwa likaMaui {{Convert|50|kg|lb}} kuya ku {{Convert|9.5|m|ft}} kanye nesilwane esidla izinambuzane {{Convert|10|tonne|ST}} esinomzimba ophakeme, i-orca . Izinhlobo ezahlukene futhi zamahlengethwa zibonisa ukungafani kobulili bazo lapho abesilisa bebakhulu kunezinsikazi. Zinemizimba efana [[Inhlanzi|nenhlanzi]] ethambile enemilenze emibili yangaphambili [[INguqukofuzo|ephenduka]] amaphiko, ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwemilenze yangemuva ( [[Unkimfi|enohlaka lwe-pelvic]] olungasebenzi kuphela) kanye nomsila owakha ifluke evundlile. Nakuba zingaguquki njengezimvu [[Pinnipedia|zamanzi]] ezincane ezisheshayo futhi zishesha kakhulu emanzini amanye amahlengethwa angahamba isikhashana ngesivinini samakhilomitha {{Convert|29|kph|mph}} noma kube cishe {{Convert|9|m|ft}} . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grady |first=John M. |last2=Maitner |first2=Brian S. |last3=Winter |first3=Ara S. |last4=Kaschner |first4=Kristin |last5=Tittensor |first5=Derek P. |last6=Record |first6=Sydne |last7=Smith |first7=Felisa A. |last8=Wilson |first8=Adam M. |last9=Dell |first9=Anthony I. |last10=Zarnetske |first10=Phoebe L. |last11=Wearing |first11=Helen J. |last12=Alfaro |first12=Brian |last13=Brown |first13=James H. |date=25 January 2019 |title=Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators |journal=Science |volume=363 |issue=6425 |article-number=eaat4220 |bibcode=2019Sci...363t4220G |doi=10.1126/science.aat4220 |pmid=30679341 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Amahlengethwa asebenzisa amazinyo awo aqondile futhi ukuze abambe izilwane ezihamba ngokushesha njengezinhlanzi ezidla izinhlanzi ama-coleoid kanye nama-shrimp . Zinezindlebe ezikhule kahle ezilungele kokubili umoya namanzi zikhule kahle kangangokuthi ezinye zingasinda ngisho noma ziyizimpumputhe. Ezinye izinhlobo zilungele kahle ukucwila emanzini ajulile kakhulu. Njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini zinengqimba ejiyile yezicubu zamafutha ezingaphansi kwesikhumba okungukuthi ama-bulber ukuze umzimba uhlale ufudumele kahle emanzini abandayo. Amahlengethwa asakazeke kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle kodwa amanye achuma emanzini anosawoti nawAmanzi ahlanzekile. Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda amanzi afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa ezinye, njenge-right whale dolphin, zithanda isimo sezulu esibandayo. Njengezilwane eziningi ze-I-nectonic, amahlengethwa adla inyama, adla kakhulu izinhlanzi nama-i-squid, kodwa amahlengethwa ambalwa anomzimba omkhulu, njenge-i-orca, adla izilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle njenge-seal, amanye amahlengethwa nama-porpoise, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi aluhlaza njenge-shark, i-billfish ne-i-bluefin tuna, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho izinyoni zasolwandle. Amahlengethwa amaduna avame ukuhlangana nezinsikazi eziningi njalo ngonyaka, kodwa izinsikazi zihlangana kuphela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Amantongomane avame ukuzalwa ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nezasehlobo futhi izinsikazi zithwala wonke umthwalo wokuwakhulisa. Omama bezinhlobo ezithile bazila ukudla futhi bancelise abantwana babo isikhathi eside. 3yaaul8e7csh4tg54o7fx63eldcb8bl 0 35589 129905 2026-09-28T10:02:40Z Cebisah 25500 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375765342|Mercedes-Benz G-Class]]" 129905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IMercedes-Benz G-Class''' eyaziwa ngokuthi '''iG-Wagon''' noma '''iG-Wagen''' <ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=5 September 2021|title=Mercedes-Benz Reveals an Electric G-Wagen Concept for the Future|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/5/22657738/mercedes-benz-eqg-concept-g-class-suv-electric-iaa-mobility|accessdate=12 May 2022|website=The Verge}}</ref> (njengesifinyezo '''seGeländewagen''' )iyiSUV kanokusho edonsa ngamasondo amane ethengiswa yiMercedes-Benz. Ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa njengemoto yezempi engaphandle komgwaqo kanti kamuva kwanezelwa amamodeli anobukhazikhazi emugqeni. Kwezinye izimakethe yayithengiswa ngegama likaPuch elithi-'''Puch G''' kwaze kwaba ngu-2000. I G-Class iphawuleka ngesitayela sayo sebhokisi kanye nokwakhiwa kwayo komzimba ngomklamo. Isebenzisa ama differentials amathathu okuvala ngokuphelele okwenza kube ngenye yezimoto ezimbalwa zabagibeli ezinesici esinjalo. Naphezu futhi kokwethula okuhlosiwe, i-SUV eyodwa I-Mercedes-Benz GL-Class ngo-2006 i G-Class isakhiqizwa futhi ingenye yezimoto ezakhiqizwa isikhathi eside kakhulu emlandweni weDaimler ezineminyaka engu-46-47; yl-Unimog kuphela eyidlulayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercedes-Benz G-Class to be produced till 2020|url=http://arabia.msn.com/autos/news/ame/2012/february/12698064/mercedesbenz-gclass-produced-till-2020.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521020603/http://arabia.msn.com/autos/news/ame/2012/february/12698064/mercedesbenz-gclass-produced-till-2020.aspx|archive-date=21 May 2012|accessdate=7 August 2012|publisher=MSN Arabia}}</ref>  Ngo-2018 i-Mercedes-Benz yethula isizukulwane sesibili se-W463 esinesisindo esibuyekezwe kakhulu, i-powerrain, umzimba kanye nengaphakathi. Ngo-2023, i-Mercedes-Benz yamemezela izinhlelo zokwethula inguqulo encane ye-G-Class, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-G encane" - yize kungekho usuku oluqinisekile lokwethula.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kharpal|first=Arjun|date=2023-09-03|title=Mercedes to release a smaller version of its G Class luxury SUV|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/03/mercedes-to-launch-smaller-version-of-g-class-luxury-suv.html|accessdate=2023-09-04|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> I unit ye-400 000 yakhiwa ngeyi 4 Disemba 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Padeanu|first=Adrian|date=4 December 2020|title=Mercedes G-Class Reaches Production Milestone: 400,000th SUV Assembled|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/458343/mercedes-g-class-400000-production/|website=Motor1}}</ref> Impumelelo yesizukulwane sesibili se-W463 yaholela emlandweni we unit ye 500 000 eminyakeni emithathu kamuva ngo-Ephreli 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schmidt|first=Matthias|date=20 April 2023|title=G-Klasse macht die halbe Million voll|url=https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.produktionsjubilaeum-bei-mercedes-g-klasse-macht-die-halbe-million-voll.0925e04d-bd0c-43fa-9f9b-4d4d6bdcba18.html|accessdate=16 October 2023|website=Stuttgarter Nachrichten|language=de}}</ref> Imodeli yesi 500,000 yayiyimodeli ekhethekile enopende oluhlaza we-agave umngcele omnyama wangaphambili kanye nezimpawu ze-amber turn signal ekuhlonipheni isithombe sokukhululwa kwamaphephandaba esivelele sika-1979 se-W460 240 GD egxumagxumagqa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2019|title=Geschichte(n) des G: Sonderausstellung G-Klasse im Mercedes-Benz Museum|url=https://www.radio-oldtimer.de/news/aktuelles/details/news/geschichten-des-g-sonderausstellung-g-klasse-im-mercedes-benz-museum.html|accessdate=16 October 2023|website=Radio Oldtimer|language=de}}</ref> pbs1vt4ecpw6yoh0e7xozq86t54vl3f