IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika

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    <title>IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika</title>
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        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
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[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|iNingizimu Afrika]] (ngokomthetho '''iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''', ngokwesijwayelekile '''uMzansi'''), iyilizwe eningizimu le-[[IAfrika|Afrika]]. iNingizimu Afrika inemigcele namazwe ayisithupha: [[iButswana]] ne[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] ngasenyakatho, [[iMozambiki]] ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga, [[Eswatini|eSwazini]] ngasempumalanga, [[INamibhiya]] ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. iNingizimu Afrika izungeze [[iLesotho]]. Futhi, inemigu yolwandle emibili: enye elwandlekazini yaseNdiya nenye ngaselwandlekazini yase-Atlantiki ezihlangana [[eKapa]].

Kunokuhluka kwabantu ngokwelimi, kwehlanga nakwenkolo okuningi. Kunezilimi eziyishumi nambili ngokomthetho: [[isiZulu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiBhunu]], [[isiTswana]], [[isiTsonga]], [[isiVenda]], [[IsiSuthu sasenyakatho|isiSuthu saseNyakatho]] (esaziwa ngokujwayelekile ngesiPedi) ne[[IsiSuthu|siSuthu saseNingizimu]], [[isiNdebele saseNingizimu]], [[isiSwazi]], [[isiXhosa]] nokuphawula ngezandla. Futhi kunabantu bomdabu abangama-Khoi-San. Kunezinhlanga ezine zabantu: [[Abantu abansundu|abaNsundu]], [[abeLungu]], [[amaNdiya]] n[[amaKhaladi]] (inhlobo yabantu elihlanganisa abantu base[[Malaysia]], abantubomdabu, nabeLungu). Kukhonzwa izinkolo eziningi njengenkolo yomdabu, ubuKhrestu (elindlula ezinkolo ngenani labalandeli bayo), i-Islamu, isiHindu nesiJuda.

Ezombangazwe zilawulwa [[UMthetho-sisekelo WaseNingizimu Afrika|nguMthethosisekelo]]. uMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ayahlonishwa nokuthi bonke abantu baphathwa ngokulingana. uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu ahlolanayo ukuthi angahluli amanye: isishayamthetho ([[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|iPhalamende]] ekhethwa ngabantu bonke abakhulile), igatsho lokuphatha (uMkhandlu wokuPhatha kaZwelonke), negatsha lobulungiswa ([[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo]] nezinyi izinkantolo). Lelizwe lihlanganisa izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye: [[iNtshonalanga Kapa]], [[iMpumalanga Kapa]], [[iNyakatho Kapa]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]], [[iFuleyisitata]], [[iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga]], [[iLimpopo]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|kwaZulu-Natali]] [[IMpumalanga|neMpumalanga]]. Ineziqonga ezintathu: [[iPitoli]], [[IKapa|eKapa]] nase[[IBloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]. Idolobha elunkulu kunazonke lus[[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]].

Kwasukela iminyaka eyi-100,000 eyandlule, kwakuhlala amaKhoi-Sani ebaphila ngokuzulazula, ukuzingela izinyamazane nokuqoqa izitshalo zasehlathini. Kusukela iminyaka eyi-3000 eyandlule, kwaqala ukufika abantu basePhakathi Afrika abafuyayo, abalimayo, futhi abaqamba izinto nge[[Insimbi|nsimbi]]. Bafudukele eNingizimu Afrika ngamaqembu alandelanayo. Bahlangana namaKhoi-Sani, baganana, bazalelana izingane. Abazukulu babo yibona ekuthiwa ngabantu abaNsundu ebayikhulu lenani labantu abahlala eNingizimu Afrika namhlanje. Ngo-1664, kwafika abantu baseNtshonalanga [[Yurobhu]] (namhlanje baziwa ngokuthi abeLungu). 

Bahlasela, bacindezela, futhi bahlukanisa abantu bomdabu ezindaweni ezithile futhi baphuca izizwe zabantu abaNsundu amandla okuzibusa nokuzimela. Futhi, basungula umbuso wobandululo okwehlanga kusukela u-1948 makungena i-National Party embusweni. Ngenxa yomzabalazo oludonswe phambili nge-[[African National Congress]] namanye amaqembu wabantu abansundu, nangemphoqo yamanye amazwe wangaphesheya (kakhulu wase-Afrika), umbuso wabeLungu wanikela amandla okubusa ngo-1994. Manje, iNingizimu Afrika ibuswa ngentandoyeningi kodwa kusekhona izinkinga: njengokungalingani ngemali ngaphakathi kwabantu bezihlanga ezihlukene, udlame ngenxa yobugebengu, nobumpofu nobungabi nomsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, iNingizimu Afrika inothile ukundlula amazwe wonke wase-Afrika. Ihloniphekile ngaphesheya ngenxa yokumela amalungelo wabantu abacindezelwayo nokukhutaza ukusebenzisana kamazwe.

== Igama ==
Kusetshenziswa amagama ambalwa akubiza iNingizimu Afrika. &quot;IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika&quot; iyigama elide ngokoMthethosisekelo. Kodwa kunabafundi besiZulu abathu igama likaRiphabhuliki liguqulwe kuMbusobala. Kusetshenziswa igama elifushane likaMzansi (igama lesiXhosa lasemthethweni). Ngenxa yokumbumbanan kwezihlanga ezahlukile emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo, abantu balubiza &quot;''Rainbow Nation''&quot; (Iziswe Sothingo). Kunabantu abafunda ukuchitha amagama onke aqondene nekolonializimu. Ngakho ke bafuma lelilizwe libizwe &quot;''Azania''&quot;.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu wamagama weNingizimu Afrika ngemilimi esemthethweni
!Ulwimi
!Igama elifushane
!Igama ngokomthetho
|-
|isiBhunu
|''Suid-Afrika''
|''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''
|-
|isiNgisi
|''South Africa''
|''Republic of South Africa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNingizimu
|''Afrika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''
|-
|isiSuthu saseNyakatho
|''Afrika-Borwa''
|''Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa''
|-
|isiSwazi
|''iNingizimu-Afrika''
|''iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika''
|-
|isiTsonga
|''Afrika Dzonga''
|''Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga''
|-
|isiTswana
|''Aforika Borwa''
|''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''
|-
|isiVenda
|''Afurika Tshipembe''
|''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe''
|-
|isiXhosa
|''uMzantsi Afrika''
|''iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika''
|}

== Umlando ==
Nge-1664, [[Jan van Riebeeck|uJan van Riebeeck]] ufike [[IKapa|eKapa]] kanye nethimba lakhe ngemikhumbi emithathu babuya [[Netherlands|eNetherlands]] ukusungula isiphumulo semikhumbi eya futhi ebuya eNdiya. Lokhu kwakufuneka ngoba amatilosi wayechitha iminyanga emkhumbini kwenzeke ukuthi ungungadli [[izithelo]] kuholele ekuguleni. Kanjalo uJan van Riebeeck watshala insimi yezithelo nemifino. uJan van Riebeeck wayethunywe yiNkampani eBumbene yaseMpumalanga (yaseNetherlands). AmaNetherlands akhe inqaba yaseKapa ukuvikela isiphumulo sabo emazweni amanye. uJan van Riebeeck nezilami zakhe zigqilaze amaKhwe nabaThwa futhi zabaphuca ukhono [[Ukudoba|lokudoba]], ukuzingela, ukukha nokulusa [[imfuyo]] zabo kulendawo ebabehlome kuyona.

AmaThethwa ngaseningizimu-mpumalanga kweNingizimu Afrika wayeyilizwe elalinamandla kakhulu ngaphansi kweSilo u[[Dingiswayo]] (owayezale eyiNkosana uGodongwane). iPhini lakhe lalingumkhuzi wamabutho akhe iNkosana yakwaZulu ezalwe nguNandi neSilo yamaZulu [[Senzangakona|uSenzangakhona]], u[[Shaka]]. iSenzangkhona wayekhethe uSigujana ukumlandela ukuthi mhla ekhothama uSigujana wayeqokwa njengomlami esikhundleni sasebukhosini. Kodwa, amasiko okubeka esihlalweni angakapheli, uShaka wamphonsa inselela yesikhundla.  Mhla emehlule wabekwa njengeSilo nge-1816. Futhi uShaka wayengulami kaDingisiwayo mhla ebulwawa ngamaNdwandwe ngaphansi kweNgoyama yabo uZwide, ekuholele ekutheni amaThethwa awele ngaphansi kwakhe. uShaka wakhulisa umbuso wamaZulu ngokunqoba izizwe ezazikhona. Ezinye zabalekela ezintabeni zoKhahlamba zicela ukukhuselwa nguMushweshwe wamaSuthu. uShaka usocongwe ngabomfowabo uDingane noMpande nge-1828 wayesemlama esikhundleni seSilo wathutha isigodlo sakhe kwaBulawayo kwaMngungundlovu.

iNetherlands iwele ngaphansi [[IFulansi|kweFulansi]] ngenkathi yezimpi [[Napoleon|zikaNapoleon]] nge-1795. Ngenxa yalokho [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|uMbuso oHlangeneyo]] uthathe lelithuba ukunqoba iKapa nokwandisa indawo eyayingaphansi kwabo eningizimu le-Afrika. Ukudla umhlaba kwabo kudibane namaXhosa ezimpini zasemaphethelweni ezathatha ikhulu leminyaka. Abelungu bebafuna ukuthi umngcele wabo namaXhosa ube emfuleni yeNxuba kodwa lokhu bekuzodlela amazwe ewaye ngasentshona kwalo umhlaba. Umlawuli waseKapa uPlettenberg uthume uAdrean van Jaarsveld ukubasunduza ngasempumalanga kwemfula. Uqambe iqhinga lokubulala iNkosi uJalamba ukuze abasunduzela ngale kwemfula ngodlame. Lokhu kuqale impi yakuqala yamaXhosa nabeLungu. Nge-1834, uMaqoma ukhuze ibhutho lezinkulungwane eziyishumi ukuphindisela amaNgisi namaBhunu ngokubulala inkosi ephezulu ngezinga. Umkhankaso wakhe uholele ekutshontshweni ngezinkomo eziningi nasekubhubhisweni kwemizi yabalimi babelungu.  

uHinsta, njengeKumkani enkulu yakwaXhosa, uMlawuli uBenjamin d'Urban ukholwe ukuba kwakunguHinsta owaye ngumbangi walempi. Kanjalo uthume ithimba elinkulu esigodlweni sakhe ukusongela ukuthi anikeze abelungu umhlaba. Abelungu bamthumbile, kodwa bambulele emfuleni kaNqabarha mhla ezama ukuphunyuka nge-1835. AmaFengu, ewayebaleka incidezelo yamaGcaleka, akhe ubudlelwana namaNgisi ekuholele ekutheni banikezwe umhlaba empumalanga kweKapa Koloni. Lempi yayiyinye yezizathu zokuba uPiet Retief namanye amaBhunu afudukele enyakatho. 

Nakuba kwakukhona ishumi leminyaka yokuthula ngenxa yohlelo lwemivumelano ngaphakathi kwamaXhosa namaNgisi ngenxa yemizamo ka-Andries Stockenström ukubuyisa imfuya eyayitshontshwe kanye nokugcina umngcele emfuleni uXesi nge-1834. Ngenxa yokutshontshwa kwembazo nemizwa yokungabi nobulungiswa ngaphansi kamaNgisi, abelungu ebabehlala duze namaXhosa wahlasela amaXhosa bebhubhisa inani elikhulu lamaXhosa namaFengu. iKumkani yamaRharhabe uSandile wamaNgqika wayengumkhuzi wamaXhosa ezimpini zesikhombisa kufika kwesishiyagalolunye namaNgisi futhi amaXhosa waqala ukusebenzisa izikhali eziqhumayo.  

uPiet Retief usungule iRiphabhuliki yaseNataliya ogwini lolwandle Ndiya emuva kokuphuca abomdabu umhlaba. Ezingxoxweni ezazihleliwe eMngungundlovu ngaphakathi kwamaBhunu namaZulu, iSilo uDingiswayo iqaphile ukuthi amaBhuni ayingozi wababulala bonke kanye noPiet Retief nge-1838. Ngenxa yalokho u-Andries Pretorius was vusa impi namaZulu eNcome lapho amaZulu wahlulwa futhi wadlelwa umhlaba. Ngenxaso kaPretorius iSilo uMpande usoconge uDingane eHlathikhulu emuva kwempi kaMagonqo. Nge-1840, amaNgisi athathe iNatalia Riphabhuliki ukusungula iKoloni yaseNatali. u[[Cetshwayo]] wayenguNobamba weSilo kusukela 1856.  

Lezimoi ziqale ku1848 kufika ku1878 mhla uSandile ebulawa. Ukubulawa kwezinkulungwane kwemfuyo (abanye bathi ngenxa yesibikezelo sikaNonqawuse abanye bathi ukunqanda yegciwane elalingene emfuyiweni), kuzale izifo nendlala. iKumkani uSarhili yayingomunye walaba abalandele isiyalelo sikaNonqawuse, uhole amabutho empini enkulu yokunqanda ukukhula kwombuso wamaNgisi, kodwa ngasemuva kweminyaka yempi, amaGcaleka (izwe lokugcina elilalizimele lamaXhosa) lawela ngaphansi kwamaNgisi ngo-1871. Nge-1872, iSilo uMpande yashona kwakhushulwa iSilo uCetshwayo ebukhosini. Nge-1879 kwaba nempi yamaNgisi namaZulu. Nakuba amaZulu ahlule amaNgisi empini yeSandlwana, amaNgisi unqobe amaZulu emuva kwempi yoLundi. iSilo uCetshwayo sadingiswa eKapa bese eLondon eNgilandi. Ubuye mhla uZibhebhu evusa impi yokuhlukanisa amaMandlakazi embusweni wakwaZulu, iSilo samhlula kulolu.  

== uHulumeni ==

=== Ezokubusa ===
[[File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|191x191px|[[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], uMnm [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
uHulumeni unamagatsha amathathu anikezwe amandla angafani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuzohlala kubuswa [[Umbuso wabantu|ngentandoyeningi]] eNingizimu Afrika:

* Isishayamthetho: [[iPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika]] linezindlu ezimbili: [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|isiGunga sikaZwelonke]] (indlu engaphansi) n[[UMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe|oMkhandlu kaZwelonkwe weziFundazwe]] (indlu engaphezulu)
* Igatsha lokuphatha: [[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu]] Afrika noMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha
* Igatsha lobulungiswa: [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[INkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala laseNingizimu Afrika|iNkantolo ePhakeme yokuDlulisa amaCala]] nezinye izinkantolo

uMongameli uyinloko yombuso nenhloko yoMkhandlu kaZwelonke wokuPhatha. uMongameli uqoka aboNgqongqoshe abahola iminyango kahulumeni. uMongameli unamandla okwamkela noma ukubiyisa imithethosivivinywa ePhalamende. uMongameli ungumkhuzi omkhulu woMbutho wokuVikela waseNingizimu Afrika futhi umela ilizwe lonke ekwakheni ubudlelwane nezinye izizwe. uMongameli ukhethwa iningi lenani lwamalunga wesiGunga sikaZwelonke. Ohleli esikhundleni manje ngu-Cyril Ramaphosa owakhethwa ngo-2019 nango-2024. Akuvumelekanga ukuthi uMongameli ahlale ukundlula izikhathi ezimbili esikhundleni. uMongameli kufanele aqoka amalunga wePhalamende ukuba abangqongqoshe kodwa kuvumelekile akuthi akhethe abantu ababili ukuthi babengabangqogqoshe.

Makundlula iminyaka eyinhlanu, izakhamuzi zikhetha imihlangano zezombangazwe ukuthi zibamele esiGungeni sikaZwelonke naseziShayamthethweni zeziFundazwe. Imihlangano inikeza iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izihlu zamalunga afuna ukuthi bayimele esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni. iKhomishini eziMele yoKhetho izonikeza imihlangano izihlalo esiGungeni naseziShayamthethweni ngobuningi bamavoti abawatholile ekhethweni. Amalunga anikezwa izihlalo ngokulandelana ezinhlwini ezazinikezwe iKhomishini. Kuvumelekile ukuthi inhlangano ikhiphe amalunga ahleli ngaphansi kwegama layo. Izifundazwe zinikezwe izihlalo ezilinganayo eMkhandlwini kaZwelonke weziFundazwe. Amalunga ayo akhethwa iziShayamthetho. Imihlangano inikezwa izihlalo eMkhandlwini ngobuningi bamalunga abanawo esiShayathethweni wesiFundazwe esithile. IsiGunga sikaZwelonke sinamandla okushaya imithetho ngadaba noma luphi endlula uMkhandlu kaZwelonke weziFundazwe — ngoba umsebenzi wayo uqondane kakhulu nezindaba zolwimi, amasiko nemiphakathi. 

uMthethosisekelo ungumthetho ophakeme kuyonke imithetho. iPhalamende inamandla okushaya nomayimuphi umthetho ohambisana nayo. iziNkantolo zegatsha yobulungiswa zinamandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithetho iyalendelwa. iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha noma yimuphi umthetho ongahambisani nomthethosisekelo. Ezinye izinkantolo zihlulela ukuphikisana ngaphathi kwabantu nezinhlangano futhi zihlulela amacala womthetho wobugebengu. Izinkantolo zinamandla okugweba abantu amacala nokubabophisa ukuze kubenokulungiswa nokuxola ezweni. Izinqumo zezinkantolo zibayinxenye yomthetho welizwe ngoba zichaza ukuthi imithetho ngempela isho ukuthini.

=== Ezombangazwe ===
[[File:Houses of Parliament (Cape Town).jpg|thumb|191x191px|Izindlu ze[[IPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika|Phalamende yaseNingizimu Afrika]], [[eKapa]], e[[INtshonalanga Kapa|Ntshonalanga Kapa]]]]
Inhlangano enkulu eyayibusa iyodwa eNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kufikela ngo-2024 yi-African National Congress (ANC). i-ANC isungulwe ngo-1912. Ngenxa yokuxoxisana nokuvumelana ne-''National Part''y (NP) ukuthi ubandlululo okwehlanga uchithwe ukuze abantu abansundu bakhone ukuvota, i-ANC iphumelele emikhethweni yokuqala eyisikhombisa ukuthi aboMongameli abane bokuqala besikhathi senkululeko babuye kuyo: kusukela u[[Nelson Mandela]] kufika ku[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. iNhlangano yabelungu eyayibusa futhi eyasungula ubandlululo okwehlanga, i-NP, ibuse neANC eHulumendini yokuBumbana yango-1994. Kodwa ngasemuva kwesikhathi seHulumende yokuBumbana, i-NP yachithwa. Amanye amalunga ayo angena kwi-ANC. 
[[File:Uniegebou.jpg|thumb|192x192px|[[Izakhiwo zoBumbano]], [[IPitoli|ePitoli]], [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]]]]
iQembu elaliphikisane ne-ANC kusukela u-1999 kwakuyi-''Democratic Party'', elaguqula igama kwi-''Democratic Alliance'' (DA) kufikela u-2024. Ngo-2009, i-DA yathatha amandla [[INtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]] kufika manje. Ngo-2024 yavuma ukungena emfelondawonyeni wezinhlangano lapho i-ANC beyidonsa phambili. ''iNkatha'' yasungulwa yiSilo u[[Solomon kaDinizulu|Solomoni kaDinuzulu]] ngezi-1920. uMntwana [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi|uMangosuthu Buthelezi]] wayiguqula igama kwiNkatha Freedom Party wayiphendula inhlangano yezombangazwe ngo-1975 eyaphatha kwaZulu esikhathini sobandlululo kufikela u-1994. Ngo-1994 yavuma ukubayilunga lemfelondawonye yeHulumende yokuBumbana futhi yabayinhlangano enkulu esifundazweni esasisisha ngalesosikhathi sakwaZulu-Natali kodwa yahlulwa yi-ANC ekhethweni wango-2004. 

Ngo-2014, uJulius Malema, owayenguMongameli weQembu laBasha le-ANC, wasungula inhlangano yakhe, i-''Economic Freedom Fighters'' (EFF). Yafika ezingeni yokuba inhlangano entathu ngobukhulu esizweni ekhethweni wango-2024. u-Jacob Zuma, owayenguMongameli weNingizimu Afrika kusukela u-2009 kufikela ku-2018, wasungula inhlangano yoMkhonto weSizwe ngo-2023&lt;ref&gt;Sangweni, Khethukuthula. 2023, uZibandlela 27. OlukaZuma neMK luvukuze umlando we-ANC obuhlungu. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/olukazuma-nemk-luvukuze-umlando-we-anc-obuhlungu-5f731014-9ea2-473b-93ff-443850f04d17&lt;/ref&gt; owandlula i-EFF ngenani lamavoti ekhethweni wango-2024.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2024, uNhlangulana 24. IsiBizNews: Abavoti bayayichitha i-ANC ne-EFF: Funa uguquko lwangempela, hhayi uguquko oluqinile – John Endres. ''BizNews''.&lt;/bdi&gt; https://www.biznews.com/rational-perspective/abavoti-anc-eff-endres&lt;/ref&gt; Kusukela u-2024, i-MK iyinhlangano ephikisayo-ngokomthetho ngoba i-DA ingene emfelandawonyeni ne-ANC. Ngo-2024, iNhlangano yoMkhonto wesiZwe ithole amavoti andlula imihlangano yonke kwaZulu-Natali, kodwa ngenxa yokubumbana kwe-IFP, i-DA, ne-ANC, yavalelwa ngaphandle kwezibambo zokubusa kulesosifundazwe.

=== Imphoqelelo yomthetho ===
[[File:South african police may 2010.jpg|thumb|198x198px|iThimba lamaphoyisa [[EGoli (isifundazwe)|eGoli]] ngo-2010. Bathwele ama-Vektor R5 ngezandla]]
Amaphoyisa waseNingizimu Afrika (isiNgisi: ''South African Police Service'') anomsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho esizweni nokuvikela umphakathi. Kuneziteshi eziyi-1,154 zamaphoyisa futhi kunabaqhashi emaphoyiseni abayi-150,950. Ngokuba abantu abazizwa baphephile ngenxa yobugebengu obuningi, iNingizimu Afrika inobalo lwezinkampani zokuphephisa olundlala izizwe zonke emhlabeni. Inani labantu abasebenzela lomkhakha undlula izigidi eziyi-2.5 (futhi, ngobuningi, bandlula amaphoyisa namajoni mabehlangene).

Kunobugebengu obuningi eNingizimu Afrika njengokudlwengula kanye nodlame wokuhlukumeza izingane nabesifazane: amaPhoyisa amemeza ukuthi abesifazane abayi-75,871 ngo-2023 kufika ku-2024 abathintwe udlame, ukudlwengula nokubulawa.&lt;ref&gt;Cowling, Natalie. 2024, Dec 30. Number of contact crimes committed against women in South Africa by type. ''Statista''.https://www.statista.com/statistics/1396527/number-of-contact-crimes-committed-against-women-in-south-africa-by-type/#statisticContainer&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvamile ukuthi abesifazane bahlukunyezwe ngabantu abesilisa ababaziyo.&lt;ref&gt;2022. Media Pack: First South African National Gender-Based Violence Study. ''Human Sciences Research Council''. https://hsrc.ac.za/media-pack-first-south-african-national-gender-based-violence-study-2022/&lt;/ref&gt; Futhi kunobunye ubugebengu njengzigameko zokudunwa nokutshontshwa kwezimoto&lt;ref&gt;Khumalo, X. 2023-08-16. [https://gagasiworld.co.za/kudla-lubi-ukudunwa-kwezimoto/ Kudla Lubi Ukudunwa Kwezimoto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925134118/https://gagasiworld.co.za/kudla-lubi-ukudunwa-kwezimoto/ |date=2025-09-25 }}. ''eGagasini FM''.&lt;/ref&gt;, ukuthunjwa kwabantu&lt;ref&gt;''[https://lite.scrolla.africa/izindaba/ziyanda-izigameko-zokuthunjwa-kwabantu-emzansi.html Ziyanda izigameko zokuthunjwa kwabantu eMzansi]''. Scrolls Data Lite.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goldberg, L. 2025-05-13. [https://4akid.co.za/zu/blogs/parenting-advice/child-kidnappings-are-on-the-increase-in-sa-but-yet-no-recent-stats-are-available?srsltid=AfmBOooEqrLfOmZzhaJxCD0mTAaYtvriW8IRaD-LX_AlORRer3tgRiEP Ukuthunjwa kwezingane kuyanda eNingizimu Afrika, kodwa nokho azikho izibalo zakamuva ezitholakalayo]. ''4aKid.com''&lt;/ref&gt;, ukugqekeza ezindlini nasemahhovisini, nenkohlakalo ehulumendeni njengokutshontsha izimali zesizwe. OweyenguMengameli uJacob Zuma wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuThunjwa kweZwe ngo-2017 noCyril Ramaphosa wasungula iKhomishini yokuHlola ukuGxambukela nobuGebengu ezeMbangazweni ngo-2025 ngenxa yokujula nobubanzi kwenkohlakalo ebolisa uhulumeni.&lt;ref&gt;Dlomo, M. 2025-07-06. [https://ilanganews.co.za/bafuna-kuthathwe-izinyathelo-ngezinsolo-zikamkhwanazi/ Bafuna kuthathwe izinyathelo ngezinsolo zikaMkhwanazi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707114454/https://ilanganews.co.za/bafuna-kuthathwe-izinyathelo-ngezinsolo-zikamkhwanazi/ |date=2025-07-07 }}. ''Ilanga News''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ubudlelwano nezinye izizwe ===
[[File:President Donald Trump meets with President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa (54537776189) (cropped).jpg|thumb|221x221px|Umhlangano koMongameli [[IMelika|waseMelika]] [[Donald Trump|uDonald Trump]][[Umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika|uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika]], [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]]]
iNingizimu Afrika liyilunga yemihlangano yamazwe njeng[[IZizwe Ezihlangene|eZizwe Ezihlangeneyo]] (isiNgisi: ''United Nations''), iNhlangano yase Africa (isiNgisi: ''African Union''), i-BRICS (inhlangano ye[[IBrazili|Brazil]], [[iNdiya]], [[iShayina]], neNingizimu Afrika), iNhlangano yoMhlabawonke woHwebo (isiNgisi: ''World Trade Organisation''), iNkantolo yoMhlabawonke wobuGebengu (isiNgisi: ''International Criminal Court''), i-''Commonwealth of Nations'', iKomithi yoMhlabawonke wama-Olympics (isiNgisi: ''International Olympic Committee''), i-''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' (i-FIFA), Inhlangano yoMhlabawonke yabaSebenzi (isiNgisi: ''International Labour Organisation''). Noma buthi ukubanda ubudlelwano n[[IMelika|eMelika]], iNingizimu Afrika isebenzisana futhi ihwebana nayo kakhulu kanye namanye amazwe ekuthiwa wase-&quot;Mpumalanga&quot; njengeNhlangano yase[[Yurobhu]] (ngesiNgisi: ''European Union'').

iNingizimu Afrika lidume ngaphesheya ngokukhulumela amalungelo wabantu abahluphekile. Ngo-2024, izamile ukusiza [[iYukreyini]] ne[[IRashiya|Rashiya]] zixoxisane ukuqeda imipi yabo. Ngo-2022, iNingizimu Afrika ivulele i-[[Isreyili|Israyeli]] icala eNkantolo yoMhlabawonke yobuLungiswa mayelana ukubhubhisa kwamaPalestini eGaza. iNingizimu Afrika ithumela amajoni ukuthi agcine ukuthula ezindaweni lapho kunempi yezakhamuzi khona njengase-DRC (isiNgisi: [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|''Democratic Republic of the Congo'']]), e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]], eLesotho, e[[ISudan|Sudani]], nase[[IBhurundi|Bhurundi]]. Ngenxa yodlame nenhlupheko e[[IZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], iNingizimu Afrika yamkele ababaleki. Futhi yamkele ababaleki ngobuningi abaqhamuke kwezinye izizwe ezinempi njenge[[ISomaliya|Somaliya]], [[Khongo-Kinshasa]], e[[IMozambiki|Mozambhiki]] nase[[ISudan|Sudani]]. 

=== Ezokuvikela ===
[[File:SAAF-Gripen-001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|211x211px|Indiza yokulwa, iSAAB Gripen yamaButho waseBhakabhakeni, ekhandwe [[ISwidi|eSwidi]]]]
umButho kaZwelonke oVikelayo waseNingizimu Afrika ([[isiNgisi]]: ''South African National Defence Force'') unikezwe umsebenzi wokuvikela amagcele waseNingizimu Afrika - yiwona wodwa wemibutho evumelekile ukuhloma. Lombutho unamagatsha amane: amaButho waseMhlabeni, waseLwandle, waseBhakabhakeni, nawezeMpilo. amaButho waseLwandle ahlome imikhumbi yempi eyi-44, njengemikhumbi enthathu yangaphansi kwamanzi. Namhlanje amaButho waseLwandle abhekane nokubamba abazingeli nabadwebi bezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zaselwandle ezivikeleliwe kanye nobunye ubugebengu elwandle. Futhi, ilwa namagcwelegcwele waselwandle eMozambhiki. amaButho waseMhlabeni asebenza e-Afrika ezindaweni ezibhekane nempi ukuthi zibenokuthula futhi bavikela imigcele yaseNingizimu Afrika. amaButho waseBhakabhakeni alwa kubhakabhaka lweNingizimu Afrika.

Kukhona izinkampani ezikhandela umButho waseNingizimu Afrika izikhali nenye impahla: iDenel, iMilkor, iParamount Group ne-Reutech Radar Systems. Uphinde uthenge izinto [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni Ohlangeneyo]], [[IMelika|eMelika]], [[IJalimani|eJalimani]], [[IJaphani|eJapani]], [[ITaliya|eTaliya]] nase[[ISwidi|Swidi]]. Isabelomali somButho yizigidigidi eziyi-51.8 zamaRand ngoyaka ka-2024. Kunamajoni ahlangene ayi-71,235. iNduna yamaJoni Jikelele nguRudzani Maphwanya.

=== Izifundazwe ===
Kunezifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye. Zinesishayamthetho esikhethwa ngasemuva kweminyaka eyihlanu kanye nePhalamende. Izifundazwe zineNdunakulu ekhethwa abalunga besishayamthetho. Indunankulu ikhetha abangqongqoshe bomiKhandlu yesiFundazwe yokuPhatha. Zonke izifundazwe zineNkomfa yeNkantolo ePhezulu yaseNingizimu Afrika ekudluliswa amacalo khona ngamphambe ukuthi adluliselwe eNkantolo yoMthehtosisekele nomaNkantolo ePhakeme Yokudlulisa Amacala.

Izifundazwe zinabomasipala abayi-205 bendawo futhi abayi-52 phezukwabo abesifunda. Kunamamasipala ayisishiyagalombili abanamandla wesifunda nendawo ekuthiwa ama-''metropolitan'' lapho kuhlala inani labantu eliningi khona: iGoli, eKapa, eThekwini, ePitoli, eKurhuleni, eNelson Mandela Bay, eBufallo City naseMangaung. Izifundanzwe yilezi ezilandelayo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!isiFundazwe
!isiQonga sesiFundazwe
!iDolobha eliKhulu
!Ubungakho beNdawo (km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
!iNani laBantu
|-
|iMpumalanga Kapa
|eBhisho
|eGqeberha
|168,966
|7,230,204
|-
|iFuleyisitata
|eBloemfontein
|eBloemfontein
|129,825
|2,964,412
|-
|eGoli
|eGoli
|eGoli
|18,178
|15,099,422
|-
|kwaZulu-Natali
|eMngungundlovu
|eThekwini
|94,361
|12,423,907
|-
|iLimpopo
|ePolokwane
|ePolokwane
|125,754
|6,572,720
|-
|iMpumalanga
|eMbombela
|eMbombela
|76,495
|5,143,324
|-
|iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
|eMahikeng
|eKlerksdorp
|104,882
|3,804,548
|-
|iNyakatho Kapa
|eKimberley
|eKimberley
|372,889
|1,355,946
|-
|iNtshonalanga Kapa
|eKapa
|eKapa
|129,462
|7,433,01
|}

== Ezomnotho ==
[[File:Sandton.jpg|thumb|218x218px|iSandton, eGoli, indawo ecebile ukundlula izindawo zonke e-Afrika]]
iNingizimu Afrika inesimo somnotho osathuthuyako. e-Afrika yonke, iyona ethuthuke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe ngomboni futhi inkulu uzindlula zonke: phezu kwezigidigidi eziyigidi eziyi-1.030 zamaDola ngokulinganisa amandla emali (isiNgisi: ''purchasing power parity'') noma izigidigidi eziyi-418 zamaDola ngobunjalo nje (isiNgisi: ''nominal'').&lt;ref&gt;World Bank. 2024, uMbasa. World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa). https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF&lt;/ref&gt; Umkhiqizo ohlukaniswe okwekhanda, undlula amazwe amaningi e-Afrika: phezu kwamaDola ayi-16,080 wamaDola. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bacebe ukundlula izizwe zonke zase-Afrika: izigidigidi eziyi-650 zamaDola. 

iNingizimu Afrika ihwebana kakhulu namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, [[iShayina]], [[iMelika]], [[iJalimani]], [[iSpaniya]], n[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|oMbuso oHlangeneyo]]. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize insimbi njengegolide, iplatinamu, ipaladium, imanganese, ichrome, namalahle. iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqiza umbila, umoba, amazambane, iwayini, itiya yerooibos, namafutho wemifino, futhi imfuyo yezinkomo, izinkuku, izimvu nezimbuzi, iletha imali eningi. 
[[File:GariepDam.jpg|thumb|221x221px|iDonga neLwandle leDamu lasegariep. Livimbe amanzi womfula isaNgqu]]
Ngenxa yobuhle, isimo sezulu esimnandi, izindawo zokubona izinyamazane, ukudla okumnandi newayini edumile ngaphesheya, nokuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda, iNingizimu Afrika ivakashelwa ukundlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika. Futhi inezindawo eziningi eziklomiswe ngokuba ifa elibalulekile emhlabeni wonke. iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha womnotho wezemali othembekile kakhulu. i-Johannesburg Stock Exchange (lapho kuhwetshwa izibopho emali namasheya emankampanini) indlula amanye amamakethi e-Afrika ngobukhulu kwemali nangokuthuthuka. 

Ngemphoxeko alikho ilizwe emhlabeni elinobungalinga kwemali njengeNingizimu Afrika. Lesimo singenxa yobungalingani kwomholo, ukungasebenzi kwenani elinkulu labantu, nobumpofa oluthinta abantu abaningi. Kunabantu abandlula u-33% abangasebenzi noma u-44% ngencazelo eyandiswa.&lt;ref&gt;Institute for Economic Justice. 2023, ''uLwezi. Kungani iNingizimu Afrika idinga i-Universal Basic Income Guarantee''. https://www.iej.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IEJ-UBIG-1-factsheet-isiZulu.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abangu-55%, baphila ngaphansi kwezinga lobumpofu bukazwelonke, futhi abantu abangu-25% basezingeni lobumpofu lokuba encupeni yokungadli okwanele. Kunzima ukuthi umnotho wenze usebenze olingene abantu bonke abafuna umsebenzi ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lemfundo, ubunzima bokusungula amabhizinisi nokutshala imali ngenxa yemigomo engakhuthazi ubuzisebenza. Futhi, isikhathi sobandlululo sishiye abaningi abansundu banganyo indlela olukuzithuthukisa, ngesibonelo, ngokulima ngoba bengenamhlaba.

=== Ingqalasizinda ===
[[File:Ekurhuleni Aerotropolis.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Isikhumula seziNdiza sikaOliver Reginald Tambo eKurhuleni, eGoli. Siyisikhumulo esizindlula zonke e-Afrika ngobukhulu]]
Ingqalasizinda yaseNingizimu Afrika ivame ukuba ncono ukundlula amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika kodwa akusho ukuthi konke kulungile. Kunemigwaqo engamakhilomitha ayi-754,600 eNingizimu Afrika, eseshumi emhlabeni wonke ngobude kodwa imiGwaqo eminingi inezigodi.&lt;ref&gt;Umnyango wesiKhwama sikaZwelonke. 2009. [https://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/igfr/2004/09.%20Chapter%208%20-%20Roads%20and%20Transport.pdf Isahluko 8: imiGwaqo nokuThuthakwabantu.]  Provincial Government Expenditure Review 2003/2004 to 2008/2009&lt;/ref&gt; Imigqa yezitimela indlula-30,000 amakhilomitha ngobude.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worlddata.info/africa/south-africa/transport.php Infrastructure and transport in South Africa]. World Data.&lt;/ref&gt; iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukuba nesitimela esihamba ngokushesha: iGautrain eGoli. Imigqa yezitimela eminingi ingphantsi kweTransnet, inkampani yakahulumeni. Ngenxa yokushiswa kwezitimela, ukutshontshwa nokuphulwa kwemishini, nokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okungalungiswa, izinga lengqalasizinda zezitimela zaseNingizimu Afrika luyawohloka. Izitimela zivame ukungcola, ukungaphephanga, nokungafiki ngesikhathi ngenxa yokungaphathwi kahle. Imikhakha eminingi emiphakathini nasemnothweni njengamamayini athembele ezitimeleleni ukuthutha impahla nabantu ngobuningi.
[[File:Gautrain..., O R Tambo Intl Airport South Africa.jpg|thumb|220x220px|isiTimela sikagautrain esisesitheshini esisemkhumulweni wezindiza kaOliver Reginald Tambo]]
iNingizimu Afrika ithembele emalahleni ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ikomothi yoGesi eyaziwa nge-Eskom yayisungulwe ngo1923. Ngokuzama ukukhuthaza izinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zingene emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ugesi ngezi-1999, uhulumeni uvimbe i-Eskom ukuthu ingakhi iziteshe zogesi ezintsha. Kodwa lokhu akusizanga. I-Eskom ibihluleka ukukhiqiza ugesi owanele ngenxa yokwanda ngokushesha kwezakhamuzi ezixhumakelwe nogesi emuva kwesikhathi sobandlululo lapho abelungu namabhizinisi kwakuyiwona wedwa ewathola ugesi. Ngoba imigqa yogesi yayidonsa nzima ukufikisa ugesi ebantwini bonke, umbuso unqamule izibopha ezivimbe i-Eskom ukuthi yakhe iziteshi zogesi. Ekuzameni ukwakha iziteshi zeMedupi neKusile, kwamoshakala imali, kwanda isikolodo kangangokuthi wawuncane ngendlela ephoxekisayo umkhiqizo wogesi. Ngenxa yalezizinkinga, kwasuka ukunciphiswa kwegesi ngesikhathi esihlelekile ngo-2007. Kusukela u-2024, isimo sithi ukuguquka ngenxa yokuqotshwa kweNgqongqoshe yoGesi omusha uKgosientso Ramkgopa. 

iNingizimu Afrika yilizwe lokuqala e-Afrika ukukhiqiza ugesi ngenuzi: kunesitheshi sogesi wenuzi eKapa, iKoeberg. iNingizimu Afrika enezikhumulo zezindiza zamazwewonke: i-OR Tambo neLanseriya eGoli, nenyeEkapa, iSilo uShaka eThekwini, neNkosi uDavide Stuurman eGqeberha. INingizimu Afrika inezikhumulo zezindiza ezi-401. Futhi inetheku elikhulu eThekwini eliwandlula wonke amazwe ase-Afrika ngokusinda kwempahla ethwalwa izikhumbi ezingena khona. Futhi kunezitheku zaseKapa, eGqeberha naseSaldanha lapho Umbutho woLwandle ugcina imikhumbi yempi khona. 

=== Isayensi nobuchwepheshe ===
[[File:Mark Shuttleworth NASA.jpg|thumb|233x233px|uMark Shuttleworth umdali weThawte ne-Ubuntu onguyena yedwa umNingizimu Afrika owagibela umKhumbi waseMkhathini wamaZwewonke]]
Kunokuhlakani nobuchwepheshe obuqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika olundlula okulindelwe nabantu abaningi. Emandulo kwakukhona abantu bomdabu eMpumalanga abakhe ikhalenda yamatshe eyokuqala yokuchaza iminyaka nesikhathi ekuthiwa yiNzalo yeLanga kusukela iminyaka eyi-75,000 kufika ku-200,000 ewandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/adams-calendar-also-known-blaauwboschkraal-stone-ruins#:~:text=isiZulu%20elders%20call%20the%20site,ancient%20sites%20around%20the%20World. ADAMS CALENDAR also known as: 'Blaauwboschkraal Stone Ruins']. South African History.&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu baseMapungubwe eLimpopo baqambe impahla ngegolide kusukela iminyaka eyi-500 kufika ku1100 eyandlule.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nature-reserve.co.za/lost-civilization-mapungubwe-history.html#:~:text=Between%20AD%20900%2D%201300%20Mapungubwe,lived%20in%20isolation%20from%20them. History of the Lost Civilization of Mapungubwe]. Siyabonga Africa.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngemuva kokufika abelungu nokusuka wesikhathi sogesi, imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe yanda. Ngo-1882, iKimberley, eNyakatho Kapa yayidlobha lesibili emhlabeni ukukhanyisa imigwaqo ngemibani yogesi.&lt;ref&gt;2914, uNcaba 23. [https://www.kimberley.org.za/kimberley-city-firsts/ Kimberley: A City of Firsts]. Kimberley.org.za&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ngo-1955, kuqalwe ukukhiqiza amafuthi emalahleni eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobuchwepheshe baseSasol.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sasol.com/celebrating-our-heritage#:~:text=Through%20the%20Synthol%20process%2C%20in%20March%201955,its%20first%20petrol%20in%20its%20Synthol%20reactors.&amp;text=These%20reactors%20form%20the%20basis%20of%20the,crude%20feed%20stream%20for%20fuels%20and%20chemicals Celebrating Our Heritage]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Sasol.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1957, isayensi nesikhomba sokwakha umshini ohlola ubungaphakayi bomzimba womuntu, iCAT Scan, bewuqamuka eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yomsebenzi woSolwazi u-Allan Cormack.&lt;ref&gt;Tan, Yong Siang no Pool, Patricia Sims. 2020, uZibandlela 6. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7900806/ Allan MacLeod Cormack (1924–1998): Discoverer of computerised axial tomography]. ''Singapore Med''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1967 uChristiaan Barnard noHamilton Naki bebangabantu bokuqala bokwenza isihlinzelo esivulekile sokufaka inhliziyo yomuntu komunye umuntu ophilayo esibhedlele seGroote Schuur eKapa.&lt;ref&gt;Cooper, David KC .2018, uNhlangulana 18. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6062759/ Christiaan Barnard—The surgeon who dared: The story of the first human-to-human heart transplant] . ''Global Cardiology and Practice''. National Library of Medicine.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngezi-1980, iNingizimu Afrika yayilizwe lokuqala lase-Afrika ukwakha izikhali zenuzi.&lt;ref&gt;Albright, David. 1994, uNhlaba. [https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html South Africa's Secret Nuclear Weapons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602145408/https://isis-online.org/publications/southafrica/ir0594.html |date=2025-06-02 }}. ''ISIS Report''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-1995, uMark Shuttleworth udale uhlelo lokuvimba ukuthwetshulwa kwamakhompiyutha ekuthiwa yi-Thawte.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~litwin/cours98/Doc-cours-clouds/WPCryptography2012_1209_EN.pdf History of Cryptography]. Thawte.&lt;/ref&gt; go-2004, uMark Shuttleworth wadala uhlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha, Ubuntu, elisasetshenziswa nanamhlanje. 

I-Square Kilometre Array yiqoqo lwezibonakude ezisinikeza ukhono lokucwaninga izinkanyezi nezinye izizulane ezisemkhathini. Abasolwazi baseNyuvesi yaseKapa bafake isandla ekwakheni kwehlelo lokulawula amakhompiyutha e-''Large Hadron collider'', umshini eSwitzerlandi oshayisana izihlamvukazi zamatomi ukufunda imithetho ejulile yendalo. iNingizimu Afrika ithole inhlobo yesifo seCoronavirus i-Omicron kuqala ngo-2021. uSolwazi uMashudu Tshifularo waseNyuvesi yasePitoli uyena wokuqala emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela ekufakeni kwethambo langaphakathi lwendlebe eliqanjwe ngokuphrinta kwezilinganiso ezintathu ngo-2019.

== Ezezibalo zabantu ==
[[File:South Africa single age population pyramid 2020.png|thumb|uGrafu oveza inani labesilisa nabesifazane ngeminyaka wango-2020]]
Kunenani labantu elindlula izigidi eziyi-64 eNingizimu Afrika, nokuminyana kwabantu abayi-51.8 ngesikhilomitha-skwele. Kunenani labantu abangangenanga ngokwomthetho abayizigidi ezinhlanu, kakhulu abantu baseZimbabwe. Kunabantu abansundu abangamaphesenti ayi-81, abelungu abangamaphesenti ayi-7.3, amaKhaladi abayi-8.2% namaNdiya ayi-2.7%. IsiZulu sincelwe ebeleni ngabantu abangamaphesenti ayi-24.4 (ukundlula izilimi zonke ngobuningi), isiXhosa silandela ngo-16.4% isiBhunu ngo-10.6%, nesiNgisi ngo-8.7%. Noma kunjalo, isiNgisi sitshenziswa emabhizinisini, nasezimfundisweni nasehulumendeni ukundlula izilimi zonke. 
[[File:South Africa 2011 population density map.svg|thumb|Ibalazwe laseNingizimu Afrika eliveza ukuminyana kwabantu. Ubunyama bombala buchaza ininani labantu abaningi abaminyene endaweni ethile]]
Inani labantu abandlula u-79%, bakholelwa ebuKhrestini, ukundlula inani lezinkolo zonke ezinye. ebuKhrestini kunamaZayoni abayi-11%, abaZalwane (amaPentekositi) abayi-8.2%, abaseRoma abayi-7.1%, amaWesile ayi-6.8% nabebandla laseNetherlands abayi-6.2%. AmaMuslimi, abantu abakholelwa esintwini kuphela nabaHindi bangango 1%. Kodwa, baningi abantu abahlanganisa ubuKhrestu nenkolo yomdabu njengamasiko akubo. AmaMuslimi avema ukuba amaKhaladi waseKapa (ama-''Cape Malay'') namaNdiya. Kukhona nomphakathi omncane wamaJuda.

=== Ezemfundo ===
[[File:UCT Upper Campus landscape view.jpg|thumb|Ikhampasi ephezulu yeNyuvesi yaseKapa]]
Ngowezi-2025 kwakunabantu abadala abangamaphesenti ngama-95% abakwazi ukufunda. Ingeyesibili enamazinga wemfundo aphezulu e-Afrika, ilandela iSeychelles.&lt;ref&gt;https://mg.co.za/education/2025-04-29-south-africa-has-second-highest-rate-of-literate-adults-in-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; INingizimu Afrika inohlelo lwezemfundo olunamazinga amathathu: olokuqala ngezikole zamabangaphansi kulandele izikole zamabangaphezulu (ezingaphansi kweminyango yezifundo yezifundazwe), kugcine imfundo ephakeme yamanyuvesi namakolishi. iNingizimu Afrika isezingeni eliphansi ngezemfundo emhlabeni malulinganiswa namanye amazwe ngezizathu ezimbalwa:

* Imaki lokuphasa esikoleni ngu-30%
* Abantu abaningi abaphasi ngo-Bachelor, oludingekayo ukuqhubeka ukufunda emanyuvesini
* Ngu-50% wezingane eziqala isikole ezizophasa umatekuletsheni
* Inani labafundi abasebangeni llesishiyagalolunye abakwazi ukufunda noma ukubala okufanelwe iminyaka yabo
* Ngoba esikhathini sobandlululo, umbuso wavimba amathuba amaningi wokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, awukho umkhuba wokufunda emiphakathini eminingi
* Kunodlame, izidakamiswa nokuswela imithombo nengqalasizinda ezikoleni eziningi ezenza ukufunda kubenzima.

Kungakho, abazali abakhonayo ngokwemali bamikisa Izingane zabo ema-''Model C'' (izikole ezagcinelwa abelungu esikhathini sobandlululo) nomaezikolweni ezizimele. Ngoba abaningi Abantu abampofu abanayo imali enele ukumikisa Izingane zabo kulezikole, Izingane zabo ezifunda ezikoleni zikahulumeni zisala emuva. Lokuhlukana emizingeni emibilo yokufunda, yenza ukuthi kubenzima ukuthi abantwana abaqhamuka emakhazeni abampofu ukuthi baphumelele ezinfundweni eziphezulu. Uhulumeni uzamile ukulinganisa amathuba ngezinhlelo nemingqubomgomo ehlukene njengokunikeza abantwana amampofu imifundaze phecelezi i-NSFAS (isiNgisi: ''National Student Financial Aid Scheme'') namanye amaqhinga. 

Amanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika ahloniphekile e-Afrika nasemhlabeni wonke ngokukhiqiza izinga locwaningo nokufundisa olulingana namazwe asesingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko. Amanyuvesi adulime yilawa: iNyuvesi yaseKapa, iNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand, iNyuvesi yaseStellenbosch, iNyuvesi yaseGoli, [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali|iNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]], neNyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika. INyuvesi yaseFort Hare ikhiqize abaholi abaningi bezepolitiki njengo-[[Nelson Mandela]] owayenguMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika, [[Robert Mugabe|uRobert Mugabe]] owayenguMongameli wase[[Zimbabwe]], uSeretse Khama owayenguMongameli wase[[Butswana]], uJulius Nyerere owayenguMongameli wase[[IThanzaniya|Thanzaniya]], no-[[Oliver Tambo]] owayenguMongameli we-[[African National Congress|ANC]].

=== Ezempilo ===
[[File:Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital entrance.jpg|thumb|Isibhedlela sikaChris Hani Baragwanath esikhulu uzindlula zonke eNingizimu Afrika futhi kufundiswa amadokotela lana]]
Owesilisa uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-59.3, owesimame uvame ukuphila iminyaka eyi-64.4 kodwa abantu abansundu nabantu abampofu bavame ukuphila isikhathi esifushane ukundlula abelungu nabantu abacebile, futhi umehluko mukhulu.&lt;ref&gt;Frye, Isabel. 2023. The unequal face of death. Social Policy Initiative. https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619130137/https://www.spi.net.za/the-unequal-face-of-death-in-south-africa/ |date=2025-06-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvame ukushona Izingane ezincane eziyi-24 ngenkulungwane yabantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;People of South Africa. Gov.za. https://www.gov.za/about-sa/people-south-africa#:~:text=Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%20for,per%201%20000%20live%20births/&lt;/ref&gt; Kunabantu abayi-13.5% abaphila nesifo sengculazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Inani labo liyaphunguleka ngenxa yokumbatha ijazi lomkhwenyana ecansini nokuphuza imishanguzo ecindezela legciwane egazini.&lt;ref&gt;Mjoli, Phili. 2023, uZibandlela 24. Kusemnyama ngekhambi lokuqeda ingculazi. ''Isolezwe''. https://www.isolezwe.co.za/impilo-yabantu/ezempilo/kusemnyama-ngekhambi-lokuqeda-ingculazi-dfed1466-41d9-4269-afe9-1fc3851c49d5&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ukungalingani kobude bempilo ngaphakathi kwabacebile nabampofu kungenxa yokuthi uhulumeni ukhokhela bonke abantu abampofu ngemali yentelo kodwa lemali kufanele ufeze izidingo zabantu abayi-84% kodwa abantu abancono ngesimo semali (u-16% wabantu) bakhona ukukhokhela izinsizo zempilo, ukuze bakhone ukuhambela izibhedlela ezizimele lapho izinga lokuphathwa lindlula izibhedlela zikahulumeni. Futhi, ngokwanda kwemali, umuntu ukwazi ukuhlala endaweni ephephile, ukuthola usizo ngokushesha, ukudla ukudla okuphilisayo, nokudela izingozi ezehlela abantu abahlupekayo. 

Kungakho uhulumeni we-ANC uzama ukuvusa i-NHI (iNtshulensi yezeMpilo lakaZwelonke) ukuze uhulumeni kuhlinzekelwe izinga elinganayo lezempilo kubonke abantu. Kodwa baningi abangavumi ngoba iNingizimu Afrika ayinabo abantu  abalaphayo abanele inani labantu (0.3 wamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu, ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 yamadokotela ngenkulungwane yabantu ephakanyiswa uMhlangano woMhlabawonke wezeMpilo). Futhi, kuzofuneka ukuthi imali yentelo ekhokelwayo ngabambalwa abasebenzayo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Nokuthi umkhakha wezibhedlela elizimele awunayo imibhede elingene abantu bonke baseMzansi. Okwamanje i-NHI ayikakabikhona.

== Ezamasiko nobuciko ==

=== Ezomculo ===
Imiculo yamapiano, ikwaito nesipantsula idalwe eGoli. Imiculo yeGqom, iMaskandi, iMbaqanga nesiCathamiya iqhamuka kwaZulu. Abantu balalela umnculo omunye ohlukile njengehouse, iHip-Hop, iclassical, ipop, igospel nezinye. Kunabaculi abadumile abaqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika njengeLadysmith Black Mambaso eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award kabili (besicathamiya), uBrenda Fassie, uYvonne Chaka-Chaka noLeleti Mbuli (bepop), Hotstix Mabuza, uMiriam Makeba noweyengumyeni wakhe uHugh Masekela (bejazz), amaHotella Queens (bembaqanga), iHhashi eliMhlophe (wemaskandi), iSoweto Gospel Choir eyaklomiswa ngeGrammy Award, iJoyous Celebration neSpirit of Praise (begospel), uMbongeni Ngema (owayenza umculo wamamuvi njenge-''Lion King'' owaklomiswa nge-Academy Award, neSarafina). Kukhona nabaculi babelungu njengoKurt Darren (womculo wesiBhunu) Fokofpolisiekar (bomculo werock), ne-Die Antwoord (be-Hip-Hop yesiBhunu). Izikhungo zokufundisa umcule ezidumile yiKolishi yaseNingizimu Afrika yoMculo (yaseNyuvesi yaseKapa), namanye amanyuvesi. 

=== Ezokungcebeleka ===
[[File:SouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporationHQ.jpg|thumb|Iisiqongo se-SABC. Ngasenxele kubonakala amatshaneli kamabonakude ]]
iNingizimu Afrika inomkhakha wamamuvi, yezinhlelo zikamabonakude nokujabulisa othuthukile futhi ohloniphekile e-Afrika nangaphesheya. Amamuvi enzwe eNingizimu Afrika aklomiswe ama-Academy Award (phecelezi ama-Oscar) ngo-''Tsotsi'', no-''My Octopus Teacher.'' Ezacishe zaklomiswa ngo-''Yesterday'', ''Old Righteous Blues'', ne-''Last Ranger''. Kukhona amanye amamuvi adumile njenge-''District Nine'', ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'', ''Jerusalema'', ''Oh Schucks.... It's Schuster!'', ''Mama Jack'', Sarafina!, ''White Wedding'', ''How to Ruin Christmas'', ''iNxeba'' (eyacindezelwa nguhuhulumeni ngenxa yokuveza isiko lokusoka [[AmaXhosa|lwamaXhosa]] kanye nobudlewane labesilisa abathandanayo). 

Futhi kunezinhlelo zamabonakude ezidumile njenge-''Shaka Zulu'' (kudlala uHenry Cele, eyayenzwa kabusha ngegama lika-''Shaka iLembe''), ''Velaphi'', ''eMzini weziNtsizwa'', ''Generations'' (owayenza kabusha ngegama lika-''Generations: the Legacy''), ''Skeem Saam'', ''Scandal'', ''The River'', ''Isidingo'', ''Uzalo'', ''The Queen'', ''Blood and Water'', ''Kings of Joburg''. Kwakunohlelo lwabantwana kamabonakude njengo-''Yo TV! Land'', ''Hectic Nine9.'' Kunezinhlelo ezilandela izimpilo zabantu, ifashini, noma ezikhombisa ukuncintisana njenge-''Friends Like These'', ''Selimathunzi'' nezinye. I-South African Broadcasting Corporation iyinkampani kahulumeni elimandla amakhulu ngokubanamatshaneli kamabonakude nomsakazo njenge SABC1, 2 no-3, SABC News, SABC Sport, uKhozi FM, Umhlobo weNene, neLesedi FM. Isiphathamandla esiziMele zokuXhumana saseNingizimu Afrika silawula imigqubomgomo nemibandela elawula umkhakha wamabonakude, umsakazo nentanethi.

=== Ezobuciko ===
[[File:Ndebele Architecture.jpg|thumb|236x236px|Uzindlu zamaNdebele ezimabalabala]]
Ubuciko njengokuzihlobisa noma ukuhlobisa izindawo zokuhlala yinxenye yesiko elimnqoka ebantwini baseNingizimu Afrika ngoba luveza ubutho bomuntu nomphakathi futhi unikeza abantu yokuziveza uqobo. AmaNdelele adumile ngokudweba izithombe zemibala ezindlini zabo, nokumbatha ubucwebe bensimbi. Ama-Khoi San wayedweba izithombe emihumeni. AbaNguni, amaKhoi-San, nabaTswana baziwa nokumbatha izikhumba zezilwane nobucwebe bobuhlalu. AmaTsonga namaVenda banomlando omude wokuthunga izingubo ngokotini (olwaziwa ngelimi lakubo nge-''mpela ya swinwela''). Kusukela izi-1800, kunezindwangu ezazivela njenge-''Seshweshwe'' samaTswana, amaPedi nabeSuthu, ingubo ye-''Seanamarena'', kanye nom-''Bhaco'' wamaXhosa. Kunezakhiwo eziphakeme zokukhombiswa ubuciko nezithombe eNingizimu Afrika njenge-Zeits Museum of Contemporary Art, Iziko South African National Gallery, ne-Johannesburg Art Museum

=== Ezobucikomazwi ===
[[File:John L Dube 001.jpg|thumb|228x228px|u[[John Langalibalele Dube]] owasingula iphephazindaba ''iLanga lase Natali'', owabhala incwadi ''iNsila kaShaka'', nowungubaba we-''African National Congress'', futhi wasungula isikole sasOhlange]]
Ukubhala akuveli ngokomdabu eNingizimu Afrika ngoba abantu bomdabu bebandlulisa umlando ngokukhuluma. Kodwa makufika abahwebi nezithunywa zevangeli kwaqala ukubhalwa ngokuhumusha iBhayibheli elwimini lwesintu. Lokhu kuqale isiko sokubhala izincwadi. Ababhali abadumile ngo-Steve Bantu Biko (umholi weBlack Consciousness Movement odume ngokubhala u-''I Write What I Like''), uNelson Mandela (owabhala umlando wempilo yakhe nokumelana nobandlululo u-''Long Walk to Freedom''), uSolomon Plaatjie (owabhala u-''Mhudi'': ''An Epic of South African Native Life a Hundred Years Ago''), uJohn Langalibalele Dube (ubaba we-ANC, owabhala ''iNsila kaShaka''), Athol Fugard (owabhala u-''Cry, my Beloved Country''), Nadine Gordimer (owaklomiswa i-''Nobel Prize in Literature''), Alan Paton (owabhala imidlalo), uMazisi Kunene (umbhali wezinkondlo).

=== [[Umvalo womphakathi|Imivalo yomphakathi ngokomthetho]] ===

* 1 uMasingana: uSuku lokuGuba ukuQalwa kwoNyaka oMusha.
* Ngo-Ndasa kufika kuMbasa: uLwesihlanu oMuhle oguba ukuqala kwePasika, ilanga lokuhlatshwa kukaJesu Khrestu. 
* Usonto olulandela uLwesihlanu oMuhle: uSuku wemiNdeni, ogujwa ngenxa yokuvuka kukaJesu Khrestu kwabafileyo
* 21 uNdasa: uSuku lokuGuba amaLungelo waBantu. Luyisikhumbuzo lwokubhubhiswa kwabantu baseSharpeville ngenxa yokushisa ama-dompass.
* 27 uMbasa: uSuku lokuGuba iNkukuleko. Luyisikhumbuzo lokhetho wokuqala wentandoyeningi lapho abansundu bavumelekile ukuvota.
* 1 uNhlaba: uSuku lokuGuba abaSebenzi.
* 9 uNcwaba: uSuku lokuGuba abesiFazane. Luyisikhumbuzo sabesifazane benhlangano iBlack Sash abahambale eZakhiweni zeNyunyana ukumelana nobandlululo okwehlanga
* 24 uMandulo: uSuku lokuGuba amaSiko. Luyisikhumbuzo sokushona kweSilo samaBandla uShaka kaSenzangakhona Zulu
* 16 uZibandlela: uSuku lokuGuba ukuBuyiselana. Kwakuwusuku wokuguba ukunqoba kwamaBhunu empini yaseNcome
* 25 uZibandlela: uKhesimusi. Kugujwa ukuzalwa kukaJesu Khrestu.

=== Izimpawu ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Uhlu lwezimpawu
!Uphawu
!Isithombe
!Igama
|-
|iNyoni
|[[File:2 Blue crane and the International Crane Foundation in Baraboo, Wisconsin.jpg|frameless|181x181px]]
|iNdwe (''Blue Crane'')
|-
|iNyamazane
|[[File:Antidorcas marsupialis, male (Etosha, 2012).jpg|frameless|182x182px]]
|iMpunzi (''Springbok'')
|-
|uMuthi
|[[File:Podocarpus latifolius - Cape Town - 3.JPG|frameless|180x180px]]
|umSonti (''Yellowwood'')
|-
|iNhlanzi
|[[File:Galjoen (Dichistius capensis).jpg|frameless|179x179px]]
|iDamba (''Galjoen'')
|-
|iMbali
|[[File:Protéa royale à Stellenbosch (Afrique du Sud).jpg|frameless|178x178px]]
|[[Isiqalaba|isiQalaba]] (''King Protea'')
|}

== Imithombo ==
{{Commonscat|South Africa}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ningizimu Afrika, IRiphabliki yase}}

[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe eAfrika]]
[[Category:iNingizimu Afrika]]
[[Category:Afrika Eningizimu]]
{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}
{{Amazwe eAfrika}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>IsiNguni</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Characteristics&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365386359|Nguni languages]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5429" sha1="78df34u2clwpjk36v5r1a6ltwffx7kh" xml:space="preserve">'''Izilimi zesiNguni''' ziyisi [[Xhosa]], [[isiZulu]], [[isiSwazi|isiSwati]] kanye nesi [[isiNdebele]]. Izilimi zesiNguni zikhulunywa e[[iNingizimu Afrika|Ningizimu Afrika]], e[[iZimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], e[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho Lesotho] nase[[Swazini|Swatini]].

Igama elithi Nguni lithathelwa kuhlobo lwenkomo ebizwa ngokuthi 'inkomo kaNguni'. Igama elithi Nguni libuye lisetshenziswe ukuchaza abantu abakhuluma lolu  limi.                                                   Izilimi zesiNguni ziliqenjana lwezilimi ezibizwa phecelezi ngokuthi i' Southern Bantu Languages'. Lezi zilimi zikhulunywa ngendlela ecishe ifane, ngakho uningi lwabantu abazikhulumayo bayakwazi ukuzwana nakuba bekhuluma izilimi ezahlukene.                           Ochwepheshe kwezezilimi bahlukanisa lezi zilimi zesiNguni ngamaqenjana amabili abizwa ngokuthi i&quot;Zunda Nguni&quot; kanye ne &quot;Tekela Nguni&quot;.                                                                                           Izilimi zesiZunda                             ziyisiZulu,                                            IsiXhosa kanyene                                          siNdebele sasenyakatho                                                                       Izilimi zesiTekela                              ziyisiSwati,                                          IsiPhuti,                                           IsiBhaca,                                          IsiHlubi,                                           IsiCele                                             kanye nesiLala

IsiZulu wulimi olukhulu ukwedlula ezinye izilimi zesiNguni ezifana nesiXhosa, isiSwati kanye nesiNdebele. Ngokuya ngocwaningo amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa, wabantu abakhuluma lolu limi basesifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal, bese abanye baseGauteng naseMpumalanga. Akhona amanye amaphesenti wabantu abakhuluma isiZulu abaseMpumalanga Koloni. Isizulu sikhulunywa futhi NgamaNguni ahlala ezindaweni ezinjengeGoli nasesifundazweni saseMpumalanga. AmaNguni angamaNdebele ngaphambi kokuba ulimi lwabo lube semthethweni,bebenza ulimi lesiZulu ezikolweni zabo, kanti ngokuya ngokomlando inqwaba yothisha ebebefundisa isiZulu ngeminyaka yo-70 kwakungamaZulu esikhathini esiningi. AmaSwati nanamhlanje basasikhuluma isiZulu,ngoba phela lezifundazwe ezimbili iMpumalanga neKwazulu-Natal zihlukaniswa umkhawulo owodwa. Uma sesibheka inani labalaleli bomsakazo wesiZulu liphezulu kakhulu ngoba lilandela ulimi lwesiNgisi iMetro fm. Lokhu kuchaza khona ukuthi lolu limi lukaMthaniya seludlondlobele kakhulu,ngisho naseMelika phela selikhulunywa kwelamaNgisi,ngoba phela isizwe samaZulu sinomlando ovelele nesizwe samaNgisi. Ezinye izikhulumi zolimi lwesiZulu ngingabala uMongameli wezwe uJG Zuma (Msholozi), osopolitiki ongqongqoshe oCwele,Cele, Jeff Radebe, abaculi esebadlula emhlabeni abafana noJabu Khanyile, abadlali bebhola uSiyabonga Sangweni,uSibisiso Zuma, Nomvethe singabala sithini nabanye abaningi.Umsakazo wolimi lwesiZulu wuKhozi fm, kanti abanye abasakazi ngoLindani Sibiya.

Olunye ulimi lwesibili lwesiNguni wulimi lwesiNdebele, lolu limi lukhulunywa ngabantu kakahulukazi abahlala esifundazweni saseMpumalanga,eGauteng naseLimpopo. Phela kunesiNdebele saseNingizimu nesaseNyakatho. IsiNdebele saseNingizimu yiso esikhulunywa kakhulu eMpumalanga naseGauteng naseLimpopo. Kanti isiNdebele saseNyakatho sikhulunywa kakhulu eLimpopo,ngoba phela sinezimpawu zolimi lwesiPedi. Hlangana nabantu abakhuluma isiNdebele ngingabala owayengusihlalo we-NCOP uMninwa Mahlangu,abadlali bebhola UTshepo Masilela, Ndumiso Mabhena, Masango, USolomon Mahlangu owabulawa ngumbuso we-Apartheid,Augustine Masilela, umculi wesiNdebele uNothembi Mkhwebane kanye nabanye. Kanti isizwe samaNdebele sidume abapendi noma abadwebi bemibalala. Umama u-Esther Mahlangu sizomkhumbula njengomunye owaya phesheya wayodweba imoto i-BMW ngemibala ekhangayo. Umsakazo walolu limi yiKwekwezi fm, ophethwe ngumphathi uPhilip Mahlangu,kanti sithola nabanye abasakazi abanjengoMicky Rosh Skhosana,oShadow Mbonani, oKosinathi Ntuli nabanye abasakazi.

Ulimi lwesithathu lwesiNguni yisiXhosa,lolu limi lukhulunywa kakhulukazi esifundazweniNtshonalanga Kapa,eMpumalanga kapa,eNyakatho kapa naseGauteng. Ngobukhulu lolu limi lulandela ulimi lwesiZulu,ngoba luyatholakala eGauteng nakwaZulu-Natal. Phela isifundazwe saseNyakatho kapa nakwaZulu -Natal zisondelene kakhulu. Hlangana nabantu abaqaqambile abakhuluma lolu limi sibala oNelson Mandela,Walter Sisulu no-Oliver Tambo. Kanti nabaculi abaningi abafana noSimphiwe Dana, Gloria Bosman, Zahara, Siphokazi, Ringo Madlingozi kanye nabanye. Umsakazo wesiXhosa we-SABC umsakazo Umhlobo Wenene, onabasakazi abafana noPutco Mafani, oPastor, Coach nabanye.

[[Category:Izilimi]]
[[Category:Izilimi zaseZimbabwe]]

== Isimo nobunjalo (characteristics) ==
* Uhlelo lwamagama amahlanu, ngokuhlanganisa uchungechunge oluzungezile noluseduze lwe-Proto-Bantu.  (I-Phuthi iphinde yathola uchungechunge olusha lwamonkamisa ama-superclose avela eSotho) 
* Ukusakazeka kwomsindo ophakeme kuya ohlwini olungaphambi kokugcina.
* Umehluko phakathi kwomsindo ophakeme nophansi eziqwini zamagama, okubonisa izindima ezihlukene zolimi, ezihambisana kwezinye izimo nesiqalo esicacile esibizwa ngokuthi i-augment.
* Ukuthuthukiswa konkamisa abaphefumula, abasebenza njengonkamisa abacindezelayo.
* Ukuthuthukiswa konkamisa abafunwayo.
* Ukuthuthukiswa konkamisa be-cholic.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ikati</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376972385|Cat]]&quot;</comment>
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'''ikati''' ('''''Felis catus'''''), elibizwa nangokuthi '''Ikati lasekhaya''' kanye '''ikati lasendlini''', liyisilwane esincane esincelisayo esidla inyama futhi esifuywayo.Liyilungu lomndeni weFelidae,umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezikwi-oda iCarnivaro ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amakati.Njesilwane esidla inyama, esidinga ukudla okusekelwe kakhulu enyameni, sinozipho oluhoshekayo olulungele ukubulala izilwane ezincane ezifana namagundane. Unomzimba oqinile, ovumelana nezimo, amakhono asheshayo kakhulu, amazinyo abukhali, futhi ukubona kwayo ebusuku kanye nokuhogela kunamandla kakhulu. Liyisilwane esihlala nabantu , kodwa lizingela lodwa futhi liyisilwane esizingelayo kakhulu ekuhlweni nasekuseni. Ukukhulumisana kwamakati kuhlanganisa ukukhala, ukubhongobhongolo, ukuklabalaza, ukuhewula, [[wiktionary:grunt|ukubhonga]], kanye ulimi lomzimba.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Inja</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375900420|Dog]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="615" sha1="6ls8lh7xr53o7tikrgsq68rm4izdvti" xml:space="preserve">Izinja bezike zafuyelwa ukuziphatha okufiselekayo, amakhono ezwayo, nezimfanelo zomzimba. Izinhlobo zezinja zihlukahluka kakhulu ngokuma, ubukhulu, nombala. Banenani elifanayo lamathambo ngaphandle komsila, imihlathi enamandla enamazinyo angaba ngu-42, kanye nezinzwa ezikhule kahle zokunuka, ukuzwa, nokubona. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu, izinja zinomuzwa ophakeme wokuhogela nokuzwa, kodwa zibonakala zingezinhle. Izinja zenza izindima eziningi kubantu, njengokuzingela, ukwelusa, ukudonsa imithwalo, ukuvikelwa, ubungane, ukwelashwa, ukusiza abantu abakhubazekile, ukusiza amaphoyisa namasosha.
[[Category:Izinja]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] ([[User talk:Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|talk]]) to last version by Thandozee21: reverting vandalism</comment>
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|-
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3A4;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Inja'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Coat types 3.jpg|250px]]
|-
| '''Umbuso''' || [[Animalia]] &lt;small&gt;(Izilwane)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Uzalo''' || [[Chordata]]
|-
| '''Iqembu''' || [[Mammalia]]
|-
| '''Uhlelo''' || [[Carnivora]]
|-
| '''Umndeni''' || [[Canidae]]
|-
| '''Umkhakha''' || ''[[Canis]]''
|-
| '''Uhlobo''' || ''[[Canis lupus|C. lupus]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Inja yasendle)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Uhlobo oluncane''' || ''[[Inja|C. l. familiaris]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Inja)&lt;/small&gt;
|}
{{wiktionary|inja}}
'''Inja''' (noma '''Inja enkulu''') isilwane. Insikazi yenja [[injakazi]]. Iduna yenja [[ichalaha]].

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Boerboel.jpg|iBoerboel &lt;br /&gt; ''Inja yaseNingizimu Afrika''
File:Poligraf Poligrafovich.JPG|iPoligraf
File:Terrier mixed-breed dog.jpg|iTerrier mixed-breed
File:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel trio.jpg|iSpaniel trio

&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Category:Izinja| ]]

== Behavior ==
Ukuziphatha kwezinja kulolongwe yizinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuxhumana nabantu. Sezizuze ikhono lokuqonda nokuxhumana nabantu futhi ziqondene kakhulu  nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ososayensi bokuziphatha baphakamise ukuthi iqoqo lamakhono okuqonda nokuxhumana nabanya abantu ezinjeni ezifuywayo, angatholakali ezihlotsheni zazo noma kwezinye izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu njengezinkawu ezinkulu, ahambisana namakhono okuqonda  kwezingane. Izinja zinephindwe sama-neuron eliphindwe kabili kunalokho amakati anakho, okusikisela ukuthi zingaba nokuhlakanipha okuphindwe kabili.&lt;ref name=&quot;ng&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|last=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2017-01-12|title=Are Dogs Smarter Than Cats? Science Has an Answer|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124010407/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-date=2024-11-24|website=National Geographic}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo ekuqaleni zazifuyelwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo. Izinja, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zazifuywa ngokukhetha izici zokuziphatha ezifiselekayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2014 |title=Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior |vauthors=Serpell JA, Duffy DL |isbn=978-3-642-53993-0 |pages=31–57 |chapter=Dog Breeds and Their Behavior |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-53994-7_2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Ngo-2016, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izakhi zofuzo eziyi-11 kuphela ezabonisa ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezimphisi nezinja.&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zofuzo zibonisa ukuvela kokukhethwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuziphatha nezici zomzimba. Lezi zakhi zofuzo kuboniswe ukuthi zithinta indlela ye-catecholamine synthesis, ngeningi lezakhi zofuzo ezithinta ukusabela kokulwa noma kokuphuma&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Almada |first=Rafael Carvalho |last2=Coimbra |first2=Norberto Cysne |date=June 2015 |title=Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake ''Bothrops alternatus'' (''Reptilia'', ''Viperidae'') |journal=Synapse |volume=69 |issue=6 |pages=299–313 |doi=10.1002/syn.21814 |pmid=25727065}}&lt;/ref&gt; (okungukuthi, ukukhethwa kokulula) kanye nokucubungula imizwelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezifana nazo ze-wolf, izinja zivame ukuba namahloni futhi zingabi nobudlova, yize ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ziye zahlotshaniswa nobudlova ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lord |first=Kathryn |date=2016 |title=The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People |last2=Schneider |first2=Richard A. |last3=Coppinger |first3=Raymond |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02414-4 |editor-last=Serpell |editor-first=James |location=Cambridge |pages=42–66 |chapter=Evolution of Working Dogs |doi=10.1017/9781139161800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cagan |first=Alex |last2=Blass |first2=Torsten |date=December 2016 |title=Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=10 |bibcode=2016BMCEE..16...10C |doi=10.1186/s12862-015-0579-7 |doi-broken-date=6 April 2026 |pmc=4710014 |pmid=26754411 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izici zokuxhumana okuphakeme nokuntuleka kokwesaba ezinjeni zingahlanganisa izinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene ne-Williams-Beuren syndrome kubantu, ezibangela ukuxhumana ngokweqile ngokulahlekelwa Ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=vonHoldt |first=Bridgett M. |last2=Shuldiner |first2=Emily |last3=Koch |first3=Ilana Janowitz |last4=Kartzinel |first4=Rebecca Y. |last5=Hogan |first5=Andrew |last6=Brubaker |first6=Lauren |last7=Wanser |first7=Shelby |last8=Stahler |first8=Daniel |last9=Wynne |first9=Clive D. L. |last10=Ostrander |first10=Elaine A. |last11=Sinsheimer |first11=Janet S. |last12=Udell |first12=Monique A. R. |date=7 July 2017 |title=Structural variants in genes associated with human Williams-Beuren syndrome underlie stereotypical hypersociability in domestic dogs |journal=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=7 |article-number=e1700398 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E0398V |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1700398 |pmc=5517105 |pmid=28776031}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ocwaningweni lwango-2023 lwezinja ezingu-58, ezinye izinja ezihlukaniswe njenge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like zabonisa amazinga aphansi e-I-serotonin ne-I-dopamine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=González-Martínez |first=Ángela |last2=Muñiz de Miguel |first2=Susana |last3=Graña |first3=Noemi |last4=Costas |first4=Xiana |last5=Diéguez |first5=Francisco Javier |date=13 March 2023 |title=Serotonin and Dopamine Blood Levels in ADHD-Like Dogs |journal=Animals |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=1037 |doi=10.3390/ani13061037 |pmc=10044280 |pmid=36978578 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ucwaningo olufanayo lusho ukuthi i-hyperactivity ivame kakhulu ezinjeni zesilisa nezincane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sulkama |first=Sini |last2=Puurunen |first2=Jenni |last3=Salonen |first3=Milla |last4=Mikkola |first4=Salla |last5=Hakanen |first5=Emma |last6=Araujo |first6=César |last7=Lohi |first7=Hannes |date=October 2021 |title=Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD |journal=Translational Psychiatry |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=501 |doi=10.1038/s41398-021-01626-x |pmc=8486809 |pmid=34599148 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inja ingaba nobudlova ngenxa yokulimala noma ukuhlukunyezwa, ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka, ukuvikelwa kwendawo, noma ukuvikela into ayibheka njengebalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to Handle Aggression Between Dogs (Inter-Dog Aggressive Behavior)|url=https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/behavioral/c_dg_AggressionInterdog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329121301/https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/behavioral/c_dg_AggressionInterdog|archive-date=29 March 2024|accessdate=29 March 2024|website=petmd.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusabela kokucindezeleka okubucayi okuvela ekuphazamisekeni kokucindezeleka kwangemva kwesimo esibucayi (PTSD) okubonwa ezinjeni kungaphenduka Ukucindezeleka okungapheli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fan |first=Zhicong |last2=Bian |first2=Zhaowei |last3=Huang |first3=Hongcan |last4=Liu |first4=Tingting |last5=Ren |first5=Ruiti |last6=Chen |first6=Xiaomin |last7=Zhang |first7=Xiaohe |last8=Wang |first8=Yingjia |last9=Deng |first9=Baichuan |last10=Zhang |first10=Lingna |date=21 February 2023 |title=Dietary Strategies for Relieving Stress in Pet Dogs and Cats |journal=Antioxidants |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=545 |doi=10.3390/antiox12030545 |pmc=10045725 |pmid=36978793 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinja zamaphoyisa ezine-PTSD zivame ukwenqaba ukusebenza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 May 2018|title=Dogs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)|url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dogs-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330093436/https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dogs-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/|archive-date=30 March 2024|accessdate=30 March 2024|website=American Kennel Club|publisher=American Kennel Club's Staff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Behavior&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377727808|Dog]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9632" sha1="cenck1flfvugl2zsgxp48f9v7mb887d" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3A4;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''Inja'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Coat types 3.jpg|250px]]
|-
| '''Umbuso''' || [[Animalia]] &lt;small&gt;(Izilwane)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Uzalo''' || [[Chordata]]
|-
| '''Iqembu''' || [[Mammalia]]
|-
| '''Uhlelo''' || [[Carnivora]]
|-
| '''Umndeni''' || [[Canidae]]
|-
| '''Umkhakha''' || ''[[Canis]]''
|-
| '''Uhlobo''' || ''[[Canis lupus|C. lupus]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Inja yasendle)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| '''Uhlobo oluncane''' || ''[[Inja|C. l. familiaris]]'' &lt;small&gt;(Inja)&lt;/small&gt;
|}
{{wiktionary|inja}}
'''Inja''' (noma '''Inja enkulu''') isilwane. Insikazi yenja [[injakazi]]. Iduna yenja [[ichalaha]].

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Boerboel.jpg|iBoerboel &lt;br /&gt; ''Inja yaseNingizimu Afrika''
File:Poligraf Poligrafovich.JPG|iPoligraf
File:Terrier mixed-breed dog.jpg|iTerrier mixed-breed
File:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel trio.jpg|iSpaniel trio

&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Category:Izinja| ]]

== Behavior ==
Ukuziphatha kwezinja kulolongwe yizinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuxhumana nabantu. Sezizuze ikhono lokuqonda nokuxhumana nabantu futhi ziqondene kakhulu  nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ososayensi bokuziphatha baphakamise ukuthi iqoqo lamakhono okuqonda nokuxhumana nabanya abantu ezinjeni ezifuywayo, angatholakali ezihlotsheni zazo noma kwezinye izilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu njengezinkawu ezinkulu, ahambisana namakhono okuqonda  kwezingane. Izinja zinephindwe sama-neuron eliphindwe kabili kunalokho amakati anakho, okusikisela ukuthi zingaba nokuhlakanipha okuphindwe kabili.&lt;ref name=&quot;ng&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|last=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2017-01-12|title=Are Dogs Smarter Than Cats? Science Has an Answer|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124010407/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-date=2024-11-24|website=National Geographic}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo ekuqaleni zazifuyelwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo. Izinja, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zazifuywa ngokukhetha izici zokuziphatha ezifiselekayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2014 |title=Domestic Dog Cognition and Behavior |vauthors=Serpell JA, Duffy DL |isbn=978-3-642-53993-0 |pages=31–57 |chapter=Dog Breeds and Their Behavior |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-53994-7_2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Ngo-2016, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izakhi zofuzo eziyi-11 kuphela ezabonisa ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezimphisi nezinja.&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zofuzo zibonisa ukuvela kokukhethwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuziphatha nezici zomzimba. Lezi zakhi zofuzo kuboniswe ukuthi zithinta indlela ye-catecholamine synthesis, ngeningi lezakhi zofuzo ezithinta ukusabela kokulwa noma kokuphuma&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Almada |first=Rafael Carvalho |last2=Coimbra |first2=Norberto Cysne |date=June 2015 |title=Recruitment of striatonigral disinhibitory and nigrotectal inhibitory GABAergic pathways during the organization of defensive behavior by mice in a dangerous environment with the venomous snake ''Bothrops alternatus'' (''Reptilia'', ''Viperidae'') |journal=Synapse |volume=69 |issue=6 |pages=299–313 |doi=10.1002/syn.21814 |pmid=25727065}}&lt;/ref&gt; (okungukuthi, ukukhethwa kokulula) kanye nokucubungula imizwelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot; /&gt; Uma kuqhathaniswa nezilwane ezifana nazo ze-wolf, izinja zivame ukuba namahloni futhi zingabi nobudlova, yize ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo ziye zahlotshaniswa nobudlova ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lord |first=Kathryn |date=2016 |title=The Domestic Dog: Its Evolution, Behavior and Interactions with People |last2=Schneider |first2=Richard A. |last3=Coppinger |first3=Raymond |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02414-4 |editor-last=Serpell |editor-first=James |location=Cambridge |pages=42–66 |chapter=Evolution of Working Dogs |doi=10.1017/9781139161800}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cagan2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cagan |first=Alex |last2=Blass |first2=Torsten |date=December 2016 |title=Identification of genomic variants putatively targeted by selection during dog domestication |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=10 |bibcode=2016BMCEE..16...10C |doi=10.1186/s12862-015-0579-7 |doi-broken-date=6 April 2026 |pmc=4710014 |pmid=26754411 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izici zokuxhumana okuphakeme nokuntuleka kokwesaba ezinjeni zingahlanganisa izinguquko zofuzo ezihlobene ne-Williams-Beuren syndrome kubantu, ezibangela ukuxhumana ngokweqile ngokulahlekelwa Ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=vonHoldt |first=Bridgett M. |last2=Shuldiner |first2=Emily |last3=Koch |first3=Ilana Janowitz |last4=Kartzinel |first4=Rebecca Y. |last5=Hogan |first5=Andrew |last6=Brubaker |first6=Lauren |last7=Wanser |first7=Shelby |last8=Stahler |first8=Daniel |last9=Wynne |first9=Clive D. L. |last10=Ostrander |first10=Elaine A. |last11=Sinsheimer |first11=Janet S. |last12=Udell |first12=Monique A. R. |date=7 July 2017 |title=Structural variants in genes associated with human Williams-Beuren syndrome underlie stereotypical hypersociability in domestic dogs |journal=Science Advances |volume=3 |issue=7 |article-number=e1700398 |bibcode=2017SciA....3E0398V |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1700398 |pmc=5517105 |pmid=28776031}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ocwaningweni lwango-2023 lwezinja ezingu-58, ezinye izinja ezihlukaniswe njenge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like zabonisa amazinga aphansi e-I-serotonin ne-I-dopamine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=González-Martínez |first=Ángela |last2=Muñiz de Miguel |first2=Susana |last3=Graña |first3=Noemi |last4=Costas |first4=Xiana |last5=Diéguez |first5=Francisco Javier |date=13 March 2023 |title=Serotonin and Dopamine Blood Levels in ADHD-Like Dogs |journal=Animals |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=1037 |doi=10.3390/ani13061037 |pmc=10044280 |pmid=36978578 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ucwaningo olufanayo lusho ukuthi i-hyperactivity ivame kakhulu ezinjeni zesilisa nezincane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sulkama |first=Sini |last2=Puurunen |first2=Jenni |last3=Salonen |first3=Milla |last4=Mikkola |first4=Salla |last5=Hakanen |first5=Emma |last6=Araujo |first6=César |last7=Lohi |first7=Hannes |date=October 2021 |title=Canine hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention share similar demographic risk factors and behavioural comorbidities with human ADHD |journal=Translational Psychiatry |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=501 |doi=10.1038/s41398-021-01626-x |pmc=8486809 |pmid=34599148 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inja ingaba nobudlova ngenxa yokulimala noma ukuhlukunyezwa, ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka, ukuvikelwa kwendawo, noma ukuvikela into ayibheka njengebalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to Handle Aggression Between Dogs (Inter-Dog Aggressive Behavior)|url=https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/behavioral/c_dg_AggressionInterdog|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329121301/https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/behavioral/c_dg_AggressionInterdog|archive-date=29 March 2024|accessdate=29 March 2024|website=petmd.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusabela kokucindezeleka okubucayi okuvela ekuphazamisekeni kokucindezeleka kwangemva kwesimo esibucayi (PTSD) okubonwa ezinjeni kungaphenduka Ukucindezeleka okungapheli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fan |first=Zhicong |last2=Bian |first2=Zhaowei |last3=Huang |first3=Hongcan |last4=Liu |first4=Tingting |last5=Ren |first5=Ruiti |last6=Chen |first6=Xiaomin |last7=Zhang |first7=Xiaohe |last8=Wang |first8=Yingjia |last9=Deng |first9=Baichuan |last10=Zhang |first10=Lingna |date=21 February 2023 |title=Dietary Strategies for Relieving Stress in Pet Dogs and Cats |journal=Antioxidants |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=545 |doi=10.3390/antiox12030545 |pmc=10045725 |pmid=36978793 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinja zamaphoyisa ezine-PTSD zivame ukwenqaba ukusebenza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 May 2018|title=Dogs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)|url=https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dogs-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330093436/https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/dogs-post-traumatic-stress-disorder/|archive-date=30 March 2024|accessdate=30 March 2024|website=American Kennel Club|publisher=American Kennel Club's Staff|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Behavior ==
Ukuziphatha kwezinja kulolongwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuxhumana nabantu. Zithole ikhono lokuqonda nokuxhumana nabantu futhi zivumelana ngokuhlukile nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ososayensi bokuziphatha basikisela ukuthi amakhono okuqonda inhlalakahle yezinja  ezifuywayo ezingenazo izihlobo zezinja noma ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, njengezinkawu ezinkulu zifana namakhono okuqonda inhlalo ezingane. Izinja zinenani lama-neuron eliphindwe kabili kunalokho amakati anakho okusikisela ukuthi angaba nokuhlakanipha okuphindwe kabili.&lt;ref name=&quot;ng&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|last=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2017-01-12|title=Are Dogs Smarter Than Cats? Science Has an Answer|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124010407/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/dog-cat-brains-neurons-intelligence-study-spd|archive-date=2024-11-24|website=National Geographic}}
&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Ibhubesi</title>
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'''ibhubesi''' ('''''''Panthera'' Leo''''') liy[[Felidae|ikati]] elikhulu lohlobo lwe-Panthera, okwamanje litholakala kuphela e-Afrika eseNingizimu yeSahara naseNdiya. [[Umzimba|linomzimba]] onemisipha, isifuba esibanzi; ikhanda elifushane, eliyindilinga; izindlebe eziyindilinga, kanye nesixulu soboya omnyama esihlokweni somsila wayo. Liyahluka ngobulilii;;amabhubesi amaduna amadala makhulu kunezinsikazi futhi anoboya obuvelayo obusuka ekhanda kuya emahlombe nasesifubeni.

Ibhubesi lihlala emadlelweni, emahlathini, nasezihlahleni. Liyisilwane esizingelayo esiyinhloko, idla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nezinkulu. Ngokuvamile ihlala emini kunamanye amakati asendle, kodwa lapho ishushiswa, iyazivumelanisa nokuba nomdlandla ebusuku. Liwuhlobo lwezinhlobo zokuxhumana, lwakha amaqembu abizwa ngokuthi ama-prides. Ukuziqhenya kwebhubesi kuqukethe izinsikazi namazinyane ahlobene, kanye neduna elilodwa elidala elingahlobene nezinsikazi. Amaqembu amabhubesi abesifazane avame ukuzingela ndawonye. Amaduna amadala avame ukuncintisana ukuze alondoloze noma athole ubulungu bawo ekuziqhenya.</text>
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      <comment>+ Izinhlobo</comment>
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      <text bytes="8146" sha1="n76395yy7j6dex6ux4kmpwwiskujysh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Animal_diversity_b.png|thumb|Izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo]]
'''Izilwane''' ziyizi[[IziPhili|phili]] [[IMvelendeni|ezivelendeni]], ezingomangqamuzana [[Umbuso (kumchazampilo)|zombuso]] [[Umchazampilo|womchazampilo]] obizwa '''eziyizilo'''. Ngaphandle nje kwezimbalwa, iningi lezilwane zishwabadela izinto z[[Imvelo|emvelo]], ziphefumula isOhwe, zino-myocytes futhi ziyakwazi ukunyakaza, nokuzala, futhi zikhula kusuka [[Ingqamuzana|emangqamuzaneni]] ayizimbulunga ezilukhophoco, ne-blastula, lapho zisaseyimibungu ekhulayo. Izilwane zakha igatsha ''(clade)'' okusho ukuthi zivela kukhokho oyedwa. Kunemiqhinqo yezilwane eziphilayo eyisigidi ( 1.5 million) echazisiwe, kube nezinambuzane eziyizigidi (1.05 million), futhi ezinomgogodla ziyizi-65,000. Kubikwa ukuthi kunemiqhinqo eyizigidi ezi-7.77 [[Impilo|eziphila]] eMhlabeni.  Isifundo senzululwazi esicwaninga izilwane sibizwa ngokuthi [[Umchazazilo]].

Umbuzo wezilwane uhlukaniswe waba izincekwa ezinhlanu ezimqoka, okungukuthi  iMfomfici ''(Porifera)'', iThekechwayo ''(Ctenophora)'', iThebelwane ''(Placozoa)'', isibabasholo ''(Cnidaria)'' neCelengonqa ''(Bilateria)''. Iningi lemiqhinqo ephilayo iyingxenye yencekwa iCelengonqa.   

== uMsukagama ==
Elithi isilwane elisho iziphili ezihlukahlukene ezifuywayo nezasendle, liyisinciphiso segama elithi isilo elibhekisela kuziphili zasezweni ezinonya njengengwe oma ibhubesi. Uma isilwane sisincane kuthiwa isilokazane, isilonyakazane noma isilwanyazane. Lezi zinciphiso zivame ukubhekisela kulezi zilwane zifana nezintethe, izintuthwane noma zonke izinambuzane.

== Izinkondolo ==
[[File:Blastulation.png|thumb|Izilwane ziyingqayivele ngoba zinamangqamuzana ayimbulunga lapho zisayimibungu (1) ekhula kube imbulunga elugumbu noma i-blastula (2).]]

Izilwane zinezinkondolo ezimbalwa ezitholakala nakwezinye iziphili. Izilwane [[IMvelendeni|ziyizimvelendeni]], ezingonomangqamuzana futhi ezinophefusohwe (aerobic respiration), [[Izitshalo|njengezitshalo]] nokhunta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avila1995&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Avila |first=Vernon L. |title=Biology: Investigating Life on Earth |url={{GBurl |id=B_OOazzGefEC |p=767}} |year=1995 |publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett |isbn=978-0-86720-942-6 |page=767}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokuphambene nezitshalo nolwelwe, oluzithelelayo ukudla,&lt;ref name=AnimalCells&gt;{{cite web |last=Davidson |first=Michael W. |title=Animal Cell Structure |url=https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |access-date=20 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920235924/https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animalcell.html |archive-date=20 September 2007 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; izilwane azizitheleli ukudla,&lt;ref name=&quot;palaeos&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Palaeos:Metazoa |url=https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |website=Palaeos |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228005641/https://palaeos.com/metazoa/metazoa.html |archive-date=28 February 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Windows&gt;{{cite web |last=Bergman |first=Jennifer |title=Heterotrophs |url=https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html&amp;edu=high |access-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829051950/https://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link%3D/earth/Life/heterotrophs.html%26edu%3Dhigh |archive-date=29 August 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; okungulwangu [[Ukhunta|nokhunta]] elinalo. Izilwane zigwinya izithako zemvelo futhi zikugaye ngaphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Douglas |first1=Angela E. |last2=Raven |first2=John A. |title=Genomes at the interface between bacteria and organelles |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]] |volume=358 |issue=1429 |pages=5–17 |date=January 2003 |pmid=12594915 |pmc=1693093 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2002.1188}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izilwane ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+[[Izilwane ezincelisayo]]
!Igama lesiZulu
!Igama lesiNgisi
!Igama lesayensi
|-
|[[Indlovu]]
|Elephant
|
|-
|[[Ibhubesi]], Ingonyama, Imbube
|Lion
|''Panthera leo''
|-
|[[Ingwe]]
|Leopard
|''Panthera pardus''
|-
|[[Inyathi]]
|Buffalo
|
|-
|[[Ubhejane]]
|Black rhino
|''Diceros bicornis''
|-
|[[Umkhombe]]
|White rhino
|''Ceratotherium simum''
|-
|[[Ikhanka]], Impungushe
|Jackal
|
|-
|[[Inkentshane]]
|Wild dog
|
|-
|[[Impisi]]
|Hyena
|
|-
|[[Intuhu]]
|Aardwolf
|''Proteles cristata''
|-
|[[Ingulule]]
|Cheetah
|''Acinonyx jubatus''
|-
|[[Indlonzi]], Indlozi, Ihlosi
|Serval cat
|''Leptailurus serval''
|-
|[[Indabushe]]
|Caracal
|''Caracal caracal''
|-
|[[Impala]]
|Impala
|''Aepyceros melampus''
|-
|[[Inyala]]
|Nyala
|''Tragelaphus angasii''
|-
|[[Ilulwane]]
|Bat
|
|-
|[[Ihlengethwa]]
|Dolphin
|
|-
|[[Inkonkoni]]
|Wildbeest, Gnu
|
|-
|[[Imbila]]
|Dassie, Hyrax
|
|-
|[[Imfene]]
|Baboon
|
|-
|[[Inkawu]]
|Vervet monkey
|''Chlorocebus pygerythrus''
|-
|[[Ingwenya]]
|Crocodile
|''Crocodylus niloticus''
|-
|[[Imvubu]], Imboma
|Hippo
|''Hippopotamus amphibius''
|-
|[[Indlulamithi]]
|Giraffe
|
|-
|[[Idube]]
|Zebra
|''Equus quagga''
|-
|[[Intibane]]
|Warthog
|''Phacochoerus africanus''
|-
|[[Unogwaja]]
|Rabbit, Hare
|
|-
|[[Uchakide]]
|Weasel, Mongoose
|
|-
|[[Igundane]]
|Rat, Mouse
|
|-
|[[Ivondwe]]
|Cane rat
|''Thryonomyidae''
|-
|[[Isambane]]
|Aardvark
|
|-
|[[Isambane esimagobolondo]]
|Pangolin
|
|-
|[[Ingungumbane]]
|Porcupine
|
|-
|[[Insele]]
|Honey badger
|
|-
|[[Udlamhloswana]]
|Bat-eared fox
|''Otocyon megalotis''
|-
|[[Imbabala]]
|Cape bushbuck
|''Tragelaphus sylvaticus''
|-
|[[Insimba]]
|Genet cat, Wild cat
|
|-
|[[Imbokodo]]
|Springbuck
|
|-
|[[Impofu]]
|Eland
|
|-
|[[Inkukhama]]
|Oryx
|
|-
|[[Isinkwe]]
|Bush baby, Galago
|
|-
|[[Inyengelezi]]
|African weasel
|''Poecilogale albinucha''
|-
|[[Umkhomo]]
|Whale
|
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ezinye izilwane
!Igama lesiZulu
!Igama lesiNgisi
!Igama lesayensi
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''[[Inyoni|Izinyoni]]'''
|-
|[[Inqe]]
|Vulture
|
|-
|[[Ukhozi]]
|Eagle
|
|-
|[[Inkankane]]
|Hadeda
|''Bostrychia hagedash''
|-
|[[Unogolantethe]]
|White stork
|''Ciconia ciconia''
|-
|[[Isikhova]]
|Owl
|
|-
|[[Impangele]]
|Helmet guinea-fowl
|''Numida meleagris''
|-
|[[Ihlokohloko]]
|Village weaver
|''Ploceus cucullatus''
|-
|[[Umkholwane]]
|Hornbill
|
|-
|[[Idada]]
|Duck
|
|-
|[[Ijuba]]
|Dove, Pigeon
|
|-
|[[Ihansi]]
|Goose
|
|-
|[[Iphengwini]]
|Penguin
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''[[Izinambusane]] nezicabucabu'''
|-
|[[Ishongololo]]
|Millipede
|
|-
|[[Uvemvane]]
|Butterfly
|
|-
|[[Umiyane]]
|Mosquito
|
|-
|[[Umuhlwa]]
|Termite
|
|-
|[[Intuthwane]]
|Ant
|
|-
|[[Izicabucabu|Isicabucabu]]
|Spider
|
|-
|[[Ofezela|Ufezela]]
|Scorpion
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Amphibians and Reptiles''
|-
|[[Iselesele]]
|Frog
|
|-
|[[Ixoxo]]
|Toad
|
|-
|[[Imfudu]]
|Tortoise, Turtle
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Isibankwa|'''Izibankwa''']]
|-
|[[Uxamu]]
|Monitor lizard
|
|-
|[[Intulo]]
|Agama lizard
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Inyoka|'''Izinyoka''']]
|-
|[[Ibululu]]
|Puff adder
|''Bitis arietans''
|-
|[[Inhlwathi]] 
|Phython
|
|-
|[[Imamba]]
|Mamba
|
|-
|[[UMdlankuma|Umdlankuma]]
|Cape centipede-eater
|''Aparallactus capensis''
|-
|[[Imfezi]]
|Cobra
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''[[Inhlanzi|Izinhlanzi]]'''
|}
== Ezinye izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Izilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu
!Igama lesiZulu
!Igama lesiNgisi
!Igama lesayensi
!Izwekazi lokutholakala
|-
|[[Ibhiva|IBhiva]]
|Beaver
|''Castor'' ''fiber, C. canadensis''
|e[[IYurophu|Yurophu]] naseNyakatho Melika
|-
|[[Isidla-izintuthwane]]
|Anteater
|
|eNingizimu Melika
|-
|[[Umlalaphansi]], IKhangaru
|Kangaroo
|
|[[I-Ostreliya|e-Ostreliya]]/ Oceania
|-
|[[Isilo]]
|Tiger
|
|[[I-Eshiya|e-Eshiya]]
|-
|[[Inyamazane]]
|Deer
|
|eYurophu
|-
|[[Inyamazane yase-Athiki]]
|Reindeer
|''Rangifer tarandus''
|eYurophu, e-Eshiya naseNyakatho Melika
|-
|[[Ingulube yasendle]]
|Wild boar
|''Sus scrofa''
|eYurophu nase-Eshiya
|}

== Izilwane zasekhaya ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Izilwane zasekhaya
!Igama lesiZulu
!Igama lesiNgisi
!Igama lesayensi
|-
|[[Inja]]
|Dog
|
|-
|[[Ikati]]
|Cat
|
|-
|[[Izinkomo|Inkomo]], Inkomazi
|Cow
|
|-
|[[Inkabi]]
|Ox
|
|-
|[[Imvu]]
|Sheep
|
|-
|[[Imbuzi]]
|Goat
|
|-
|[[Ihhashi]]
|Horse
|
|-
|[[Imbongolo]]
|Donkey
|
|-
|[[Ingulube]]
|Pig
|
|-
|[[Itshwele]], Inkukhu
|Chicken
|
|}

== Imithombo ==
[[Category:Izilwane| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Izinkomo</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Sphelele sizwe Mbatha</username>
        <id>27428</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377580751|Cattle]]&quot;</comment>
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'''izinkomo''' Bhurani zinkomo ezinkulu, ezifuywayo, ezifuyiwe, ezigcinwa kabanzi njengemfuyo. Amalungu avelele anamuhla omndeni we-Bovinae futhi ayizinhlobo ezisakazeke kabanzi zohlobo lwe-Bhusimane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-16|title=Cattle {{!}} Description, Species, Terminology, Breeds, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/cattle-livestock|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>Làm Việc Thiện</username>
        <id>27335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] ([[User talk:Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|talk]]) to last version by InternetArchiveBot: reverting vandalism</comment>
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      <text bytes="18676" sha1="c5nixj5s5tur3e3td7nr2a836wrt5hp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|339x339px|Insengakwazi enombala ohwanqakazi]]
'''IziNkomo''' uhlobo [[Izilwane|lezilwane]] ezifuywayo ezinesolosha. Yizona ezingamalungu aseqhulwini womndeni wezinkunda ''(Bovinae)'' futhi ziwumqhinqo osabalele wozalo lwezinkasha ''(Bos)''. Izinkomo ezikhulile zensikazi zibizwa iziNkomazi noma iziNsengwakazi, njengoba kuyizo ezisengwa [[ubisi]]. Bese izinkomo zeduna zona zibizwe iziNkunzi. Izinkomo ezincane zona zibizwa iziNkonyane, ezinsikazi kuthiwa iziThole, eziduna kuthiwa iziNkunzana, amathole noma izinkabi. Ibizo elithi inkabi libuye lisho isilwane seduna esitheniwe.
Izinkomo yizilwane ezifuywayo ukuze kutholwe inyama, ezomchago, umgquba, nesikhumba kuzo. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukudonsa izinqola, nemisheshane yokulima efana nekhuba. Ezinye izizwe ziyazihlonipha  izinkomo, futhi enkolweni yamaHindu kuyicala elibomvu ukubulala inkomo. 

[[Category:Izilwane]]

==Umsukagama==
Ibizo elithi ''inkomo'' liyigama elivela kwelithi '''khomo''', ngokwezigaba zamabizo leli gama liba sesigabeni ithoba (9) bese ubuningi bube sesigabeni seshumi (10). Isichazamazwi sikaVilakazi noDoke sibonisa ukuthi lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kwinkunzi, inkomazi noma inkabi. Elithi &quot;inkomazi&quot; nalo lisuselwa egameni elithi '''khomazi''' elisho isilwane sensikazi esisengwayo &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher=Witwatersrand University Press|author=Doke, Vilakazi|title=Zulu-English Dictionary|date=1972|page=400-401}}&lt;/ref&gt;.
Amanye amagama izinkomo ezibizwa ngawo kuye ngokwezigaba zawo ahamba kanje&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Mthembu, V.J., 2009. Ubumqoka beziNkomo eseZweni samaZulu. PhD Thesis. University of Zululand, KwaDlangwezwa, South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;:
*umvemve - isigaba kusuka lapho izalwa
*inkonyane - isigaba lapho iqala ukudla utshani, ithanda ukudlala, itshakadule
*ithole - isigaba lapho ingexhofuzayo nxa incela, iqala ukuba namandla ekudleni utshani.
*iguqa - isigaba lapho kudingeka iguqe ngamanqina angaphambili lapho incela
Emva kwalesigaba sokugcina, isilwane sesiyinkomo ngokugcwele.

== Izinkondolo ==

=== Ingcaziso ===

{{multiple image
 |align=right
 |total_width=500
 |direction=horizontal
 |image1=Скелет домашней коровы.jpg
 |caption1=Isikhehle senkomo
 |image2=Modelo didático bovino (fundo branco) (cropped).jpg
 |caption2=Unongo lomhlakahlo, luveza amakhikhi amane esigimbelo senkomo
}}

Izinkomo [[IsiNcelisi|ziyizincelisi]] ezibathuzayo ''(artiodactyl)'' ezinenselo, okusho ukuthi zinyathuza ngezinzwane ezimbili, olwesithathu nolwesine. Njengazo zonke izinkunda, zinezimpondo, kodwa ezingenawo amagatsha futhi ezingebuleki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives: Introduction |url=http://assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/i10713.pdf |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |access-date=26 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117012951/http://assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/i10713.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2024 |pages=1–23 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Izinkunzi zinkulu kunezinkomazi zesizalo esisodwa ngamakhilogremu angamakhulu ambalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm |title=Hereford cattle weight |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124050154/http://www.cattlenetwork.net/breeds/hereford.htm |archive-date=24 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eqinisweni izizalo zezinkomo nazo ziyahlukahluka ngokobungako.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chianina |url=https://www.thecattlesite.com/breeds/beef/44/chianina |website=The Cattle Site |access-date=26 March 2024 |date=29 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ngokwemvelo izinkomo ziphila iminyaka ephakathi kwama-25–30 ubudala. Izinkomo zenyama zona ziyahlatshwa lapho zinezinyanga ezili-18, futhi izinkomo zomchago noma iziNsengwakwazi zona zihlatshwa lapho zineminyaka emihlanu ubudala.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cattle factsheet |url=https://education.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494931/0/FS+Cattle+Factsheet.pdf/7e17fe59-ca4d-fbec-ef60-fd1f2a9eff3f?t=1555165974046 |publisher=[[RSPCA]] |access-date=13 February 2024 |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213105738/https://education.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494931/0/FS+Cattle+Factsheet.pdf/7e17fe59-ca4d-fbec-ef60-fd1f2a9eff3f?t=1555165974046 |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Imibala yezinkomo iyahlukahluka kuye ngesizalo sazo; imibala evamile ngompisholo, omhlophe kanye nobomvu, ezinye ziba namabhadubhadu noma imibala exubene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rolf |first1=Megan |title=Color Patterns in Crossbred Beef Cattle |url=https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/color-patterns-in-crossbred-beef-cattle.html |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma]] Extension |access-date=26 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204134435/https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/color-patterns-in-crossbred-beef-cattle.html |archive-date=4 December 2023 |page=AFS-3173 |date=February 2017 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Imibala yezinkomo ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Imibala yezinkomo nokuhloba kwayo
|-
! umbala omnyama
! Umbala obomvu
! Eminye imibala
|-
| Ebafazibewela
| Ebubende
ebubendekazi
| Uhlakuva
|-
| Ebhanqule
| Idube
idubekazi
| Ukholo
|-
| Ibhondwe
| Ifusa
ifusakazi
| Emakhwezikhwezi
emakhwezikhwezikazi
|-
| Ubhulomu
| Egwaqa
egwaqakazi
| Emanangananga
|-
| Ufipha
ufiphakazi
| imahwalahwala
imahwalahwalakazi
| Emaqandakacilo
|-
| Ufukufuku
ufukufukukazi
| Imahwaqahwaqa
imahwaqahwaqakazi
| Emaqandakahwayiba
|-
| Igambu
igambukazi
| Imampilimpili
imampilimpilikazi
| Emaqandeqelu
|-
| Ihhemu
ihhemukazi
| Imbondwe
imbondwekazi
| Emavakavaka
Emavakavakakazi
|-
| Ihunqu
ihunqukazi
| Umbomvu
umbomvukazi
| Emavovo
|-
| Ihwanqa
ihwanqakazi
| Emdokwe
| Emavukuthu
emavukuthukazi
|-
| Ijoli
ijolikazi
| Inhlabavu
Inhlabavukazi
| Ensiphozamabele
ensiphozamabelekazi
|-
| Ukhozi
| Ensundu
| Emseka
|-
| Iklilathi
iklilathikazi
| Umtoto
umtotokazi
| Intenjana
intenjanakazi
|-
| Ilunga
ilungakazi
| Insasa
insasakazi
| Umbungu
umbungukazi
|-
| Emaqgabhagqabha
Emagqabhagqabhakazi
| Inala
inalakazi
| Emvukuzi
emvukuzikazi
|-
| Emakhwifikhwifi
| Ephuzingwebu
| Umqungokazi
|-
| Emasavutshiwe
| Umkhandlu
| Inselekazi
|-
| Imfezi
imfezikazi
| Inco
incokazi
| Umthuqu
umthuqukazi
|-
| Umngquphane
| Itshinaha
| Emdaka
|-
| Impemvu
impemvukazi
| Umviyo
umviyokazi
| Impofu
impofukazi
|-
| Umsheko
umshekokazi
| Intusi
intusikazi
| Isiqanda
isiqandakazi
|-
| Umthika
| Inhlamvazana
| Engamunwe
|-
| Imvunduma
imvundumakazi
| Inzotha
inzothakazi
| Umhlophe
umhlophekazi
|-
| Umzondo
umzondokazi
| Inkone
inkonekazi
| Umlaza
umlazakazi
|-
| R32
|
|
|}

=== Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla ===
[[File:Cud-chewing cow, south of Ferny Knap Inclosure, New Forest - geograph.org.uk - 563528.jpg|thumb|Inkomo ethwetshulwe yetshisa ukudla]]

Izinkomo ziyizilwane ezetshisayo, okusho ukuthi uhlelo lokugaya lazo lwakhelwe ukudludlunga izithako zokudla ezifana notshani obunothe ngesincimfino ''(cellulose)'', okuyintshogcezi efukuthisayo, futhi izilwane eziningi ezihlulekayo ukuyigaya. Lokhu zikwenza zisebenzisana neziphilincinci ezifana [[Izinungwana|nezinungwana]], no[[Ukhunta|khunta]] – eziqukethe [[INzwayiza|izinzwayiza]] eziqephula isincimfino ngokoshukela lwaso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hua Hendriks Xiong Pellikaan 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hua |first1=Dengke |last2=Hendriks |first2=Wouter H. |last3=Xiong |first3=Benhai |last4=Pellikaan |first4=Wilbert F. |title=Starch and Cellulose Degradation in the Rumen and Applications of Metagenomics on Ruminal Microorganisms |journal=[[Animals (journal)|Animals]] |volume=12 |issue=21 |date=3 November 2022 |pmid=36359144 |pmc=9653558 |doi=10.3390/ani12213020 |doi-access=free |page=3020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uma ukudla kwesilwane kuguquka emva kwesikhathi, isakhiwo seziphilincinci naso siyaguquka ngokufanayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibegwa2023&quot; /&gt;

Izinkomo zinenqashambana yesigimbelo esinamakhikhi amane; ulusu ''(rumen)'', ingobo ''(Reticulum)'', inanzi ''(omasum)'', kanye netwani ''(abomasum)''. Ulusu luyikhikhi elikhulu futhi lithwele izingxenye ezibalulekile zeziphilincinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kibegwa2023&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kibegwa |first1=Felix M. |last2=Bett |first2=Rawlynce C. |last3=Gachuiri |first3=Charles K. |last4=Machuka |first4=Eunice |last5=Stomeo |first5=Francesca |last6=Mujibi |first6=Fidalis D. |date=13 January 2023 |title=Diversity and functional analysis of rumen and fecal microbial communities associated with dietary changes in crossbreed dairy cattle |journal=[[PLOS One|PLOS ONE]] |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=e0274371 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0274371 |doi-access=free |pmid=36638091 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1874371K |pmc=9838872}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingobo, okuyikhikhi elincane kanamanye, laziwa nangokuthi isandlwana. Umsebenzi wenanzi oyinhloko ukumunyunga amanzi nemisoco ekudleni okugayekayo. Itwani lona linomsebenzi ofanayo nowesisu somuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orr 2023&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Orr |first1=Adam I. |title=How Cows Eat Grass: Exploring Cow Digestion |url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/how-cows-eat-grass |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |access-date=13 February 2024 |date=28 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinkomo ziyabuyisa ukuze zikuhlafune kabusha ukudla kwazo ngenqubo ebizwa ukwetshisa, njengazo zonke izilwane ezetshisayo. Lapho zidla, izinkomo zigimbila ukudla kwazo; bese zikuqoqonga oluswini. Kamuva, lokho kudla kuzobuyiselwa emlonyeni ngamathamo, kwetshiswe, kuncushuzwe kube izinhlayiya ezincane. Bese ekugcineni lowo metshiso uyagwinywa  futhi ukuze uyogaywa yiziphilincinci esigimbelweni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orr 2023&quot;/&gt;

=== Ukucondoza kwazo ===

[[File:Oman_bullfighting_(2).jpg|thumb|Izibukeli kwelase-Oman zibheke Izinkunzi zidudulana.]]

Izinkomo zikleliswe ngokoqhiwu lokuchachaza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibaya esisodwa asikwazi ukuba nezinkunzi eziningi, futhi kuvamile ukubona izinkomo zizwana amandla. Okunye ezivame ukukwenza ukukhothana, njengoba ezichachazwayo kuyizona ezivame ukukhotha ezinye.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/health/reproduction/insemination/ec402/signs-of-heat |title=Signs of Heat (Heat Detection and Timing of Insemination for Cattle) |website=Heat Detection and Timing of Insemination for Cattle (Penn State Extension) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161839/http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/health/reproduction/insemination/ec402/signs-of-heat |archive-date=5 November 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Stier_Charolais_Linnenbach.JPG|thumb|Izinkunzi zaluka utshani]]

Izinkomo zidla ukudla okuxubile, kodwa zincamela ukwaluka amaphesenti angama70 esithathe namaphesenti angama-30 otshani.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Rutter |first=S.M. |year=2006 |title=Diet preference for grass and legumes in free-ranging domestic sheep and cattle: current theory and future application. |journal=Applied Animal Behaviour Science |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=17–35 |doi=10.1016/j.applanim.2005.11.016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapho zaluka, izinkomo zigubulunda ngezindlela ezingafani, ulimi lwazo nesihlathi kunyakaza ngendlela ehlukile lapho zigwaphuna utshani obude kunobufishane.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Laca |first1=E.A. |last2=Ungar |first2=E.D. |last3=Seligman |first3=N. |last4=Demment |first4=M.W. |year=1992 |title=Effects of sward height and bulk density on bite dimensions of cattle grazing homogeneous swards |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_grass-forage-science-british-grassland-society_1992-03_47_1/page/91 |journal=Grass and Forage Science |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=91–102 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2494.1992.tb02251.x |bibcode=1992GForS..47...91L }}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinkomo lapho zigubulunda ziyayigwema indawo egcwele amasimba wezinye izinkomo ukwedlula egcwele amasimba wezimvu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Forbes |first1=T.D.A. |last2=Hodgson |first2=J. |year=1985 |title=The reaction of grazing sheep and cattle to the presence of dung from the same or the other species |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_grass-forage-science-british-grassland-society_1985-06_40_2/page/177 |journal=Grass and Forage Science |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=177–182 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01735.x |bibcode=1985GForS..40..177F }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kodwa azinankinga nedlelo eligcwele amakaka womvundla.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Daniels |first1=M.J. |last2=Ball |first2=N. |last3=Hutchings |first3=M.R. |last4=Greig |first4=A. |year=2001 |title=The grazing response of cattle to pasture contaminated with rabbit faeces and the implications for the transmission of paratuberculosis |journal=[[The Veterinary Journal]] |volume=161 |issue=3 |pages=306–313 |doi=10.1053/tvjl.2000.0550 |pmid=11352488 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukufuya ==

[[File:Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations diagram.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Izinkomo ezifuyiwe ngokuvamile ezivunyelwa ukuya emadlelweni, njengoba zilethelwa ukudla.]]

&lt;gallery mode=packed heights=160&gt;
File:Hereford bull in a field by the B4452 (cropped).jpg|Uzalo lwezinkomo olubizwa Hereford olunenyama eningi
File:Cattle Selwyn Road Boulia Shire Central Western Queensland P1080822 (cropped).jpg|Izinkomo zase-Ostraliya emadlelweni
File:Aberdeen Angus im Gadental 2.JPG|inkomo ethandwa nevame ezweni lase-Austiya, igaxe insimbi 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Kwezomnotho ==

Izinkomo ziyafuywa ukuze zikhiqize inyama, ubisi, isikhumba futhi ukuze zisebenza lapho kulinywa.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAO Cattle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Cattle |url=https://www.fao.org/livestock-systems/global-distributions/cattle/en/ |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] |access-date=14 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; KwaZulu, izinkomo ziyigugu lesizwe njengoba zisetshenziswa noma zihlatshwe lapho [[ILobolo|kulotsholwa]], kuhlanzwa umuzi, kukhotheme iNkosi, lapho kwenziwa ihlambo, lapho kushwelezwa, kubikelwa abangasekho, [[UMkhosi woMhlanga|ngoMkhosi womhlanga]], ngoMkhosi weLembe, lapho kutshalwa iNkosi, lapho kwenziwa [[ISIKO LOMEMULO|umemulo]], [[UDWENDWE|ngomgcagco]] njll.

=== Inyama ===
[[File:Fresh_beef_meat.jpg|alt=Inyama yenkomo esaludlweza|right|280x280px]]
Inyama yenkomo iyisidlo esithandwa kakhulu KwaZulu nasemhlabeni jikelele. Akwenzeki ukuba umcimbi omkhulu ungabi nayo inyama. Izitho ezidliwayo zenkomo zinamagama azo, futhi kukhona izitho ezidliwa abantu besigaba esithile njengomama, abafana, abadala, abanumzane njll.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL |title=FAOSTAT |website=www.fao.org|access-date=25 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====Izitho zenkomo ezidliwayo yilezi====
*Izitho ezidliwayo zangaphakathi - Ubende, ubhedu, ilulu, uluntu, amathumbu, umhlehlo, umminzo, impundu, umthala, umtshazo, imvali, umvimba, inazo, ingwaqo, ingobo, inhliziyo, iphaphu, upopopo, isibindi, usinyaka, isinye, isisu, ulusu, itwani, izinhlonhlo, izinso, neziphapha.

*Izitho ezidliwayo ezangaphandle - Ubebebe, ibele, icwiyo, idevu, ugalu, ikhala, ulimi, ilunda, amaguma, amanqina, amantshontsho, umgogodla, umhlathi, umhlubulo, umkhele, umkhono, umlenze, ungiklane, inhloko, insonyama, intamo, inyama yamehlo, uqwanga, isifuba, isikhaba, umsila, isinqe, isiphanga, isixhanti, ithebe, izimambo.

=== Ezomchago ===

Ubisi lutholakala ezinkomeni ezisengwayo, iziNsengwakazi kuphela, ezinamabele okuncelisa,&lt;ref name=ukcows&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ukcows.com/holsteinUK/publicweb/Education/HUK_Edu_DairyCows.aspx?cmh=66 |title=UK Dairy Cows |access-date=7 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518064015/http://ukcows.com/holsteinUK/publicweb/Education/HUK_Edu_DairyCows.aspx?cmh=66 |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF 2015&quot;/&gt; Futhi ubisi lwezinkomo kwenziwa ngalo imikhiqizo yezomchago eminingi efana [[IPhehlwa|nePhehlwa]], injibini, uBhobe, ubisi olukhothe, umQungo, [[uLaza]], umThubi, uLazaqhwa, amasi, ubisi olunguliwe, umHongo, uLaza olukhwixiwe, nomKhumuza wobisi.  Izinkomazi zomchago zigcinwa emapulazini akhethekile wokukhiqiza ubisi. iziNsengwakazi eziningi zisengwa kabili ngosuku.&lt;ref name=&quot;dairy science&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |url=http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302%2879%2983526-2/abstract |title=Milking 3 Times per day |journal=[[Journal of Dairy Science]] |volume=62 |issue=12 |pages=1941–1950 |doi=10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(79)83526-2 |pmid=541464 |year=1979 |last1=Pearson |first1=R.E. |last2=Fulton |first2=L.A. |last3=Thompson |first3=P.D. |last4=Smith |first4=J.W. |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinkomazi ukuze ziqhubeka nokukhiqiza ubisi, kufanele zizale kanye ngonyaka. Kodwana uma zizala eyeduna, ivame ukuhlatshwa ngenxa yokuthi kufuneka ezinye izinkomazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/cows/veal-calves/ |title=About calves reared for veal |access-date=9 May 2015 |website=Compassion in World Farming |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074915/http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/cows/veal-calves/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinkomazi ubisi zilukhiqiza kuze kusale amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuzala.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIWF 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/cows/dairy-cows/ |title=Compassion in World Farming: Dairy Cattle |access-date=7 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518074913/http://www.ciwf.org.uk/farm-animals/cows/dairy-cows/ |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

KwaZulu ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu ngamasi. Kunezigaba ezihlukene zamasi lapho afanele ukudliwa kuzo. Isigaba sokuqala, esamasi ayizaqheqhe noma izangqondo (izamfemfe).   okungamasi avuthwe kahle, angenawo umlaza.    

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=220 heights=220&gt;
File:Cow female black white.jpg|Izinkomazi ezilukhozi ngombala yizona ezisengwa kakhulu.
File:Hand milking a cow at Cobbes Farm Museum.jpg|Ukusenga umsebenzi owenziwa ngesandla kusuka endulo
File:2014-07-25 Melkkarussel - Hemme Milch (5).jpg|Isindiyane sanamuhla okusengelwa kuso, eJalimani
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Izaga ezisuselwa ezinkomeni ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ezenkonyane
!Ezenkunzi
!Ezenkomazi
|-
|Inkonyane yeqa lapha kweqe
khona unina
|Akukho zinkunzi zadla ndawonye
|Indlezane isengelwa phansi
|-
|Amathole akhethwa konina
|Izinkunzi ezirnbili azibusi 
esibayeni sinye
|Ikhaba abayisengayo
|-
|Inkonyane yethuka isisinga
|Nginjenjenje mntanethu ngoniwa 
inkunzi
|Inzimakazi izala iIungakazi
|-
|Yawuchitha umuthi inkonyane
|Inkunzi inqunywe amanqindi
|Isigqala sizala insengwakazi
|-
|Umbala ucaca enkonyaneni
|Inkunzi iyazibeka
|Ayimithi ingaphindwanga
|-
|Inkomo ixakelwe inkonyane
|Yeka ubambo lwenkabi 
ukudliwa kwandlwana
|Kazi iyozala nkomoni
|-
|Inkonyane ifuza unina
|Yayihlaba yema nayo
|Inkomo isengwa ngoyaziyo
|-
|Inkonyane yenye iyayiqhubulusha,
eyayo iyayikhotha
|Inkunzi isematholeni
|Kukwankomo isengwa ilele
|-
|Usenga inkomo nenkonyane
|
|Inkomo enomlomo kayinamasi
|-
|Inkonyane ikhethwa kusakhanya
|
|
|-
|Inkonyane iyashiyelwa
|
|
|}

==Imithombo==</text>
      <sha1>c5nixj5s5tur3e3td7nr2a836wrt5hp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Did you know</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3257</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130792</id>
      <parentid>128186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:25:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130792</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1179" sha1="24c713db9bi64bzwdw9nrr2pllk5dj8" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608 (cropped).jpg|100px|uNokhwezi]]&lt;/div&gt;
...'''[[uNokhwezi]]''' ([[File:Venus symbol (bold).svg|16px|♀]]) [[Umzulane|ngumzulane]] wesibili [[Uzungezohlelo lweLanga|kuzungezohlelo lweLanga]], futhi lapho ubonakala ensasa ngesiZulu kuthiwa ''''iKhwezi'''', kuthi lapho ubonakala ntambama kuthiwe  '''isiCelankobe'''. UNokhwezi akanawo [[Amanzi|amanzi]] aluketshezi, futhi [[Umoyambulunga|unomoyambulunga]] osikhuhle futhi obophelene ukwedlula ezinye izindikimba zozungezohlelo lwelanga. 

... '''[[Usuku Lwamagugu]]''' [[Umvalo womphakathi]] waseNingizimu Afrika ogujwa minyaka yonke mhla zingama-24 [[UMandulo (uSepthemba)|kuSeptemba]] minyaka yonke. Ngalolu suku bonke abantu base [[Ningizimu Afrika]] bagubha amasiko abo wonkana ?

...'''[[Inzalo yelanga]]''' yisikhathi lapho [[Ilanga|iLanga]] libonakala linqamula inkabazwe yasezulwini, libheke eningizimu. Ngenxa yokwehluka phakathi konyaka [[Isibalizinsuku|wekhalenda]] nonyaka wasezindaweni zenjikalanga, ulinganosuku [[UMandulo (uSepthemba)|lukaSeptemba]] lungenzeka kusukela ngoSeptember 21 kuya ku-24 ?</text>
      <sha1>24c713db9bi64bzwdw9nrr2pllk5dj8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130807</id>
      <parentid>130792</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:18:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1283" sha1="bx3jwweajs8wzigiyqfy1rifdvp4w0g" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608 (cropped).jpg|100px|uNokhwezi]]&lt;/div&gt;
...'''[[uNokhwezi]]''' ([[File:Venus symbol (bold).svg|16px|♀]]) [[Umzulane|ngumzulane]] wesibili [[Uzungezohlelo lweLanga|kuzungezohlelo lweLanga]], futhi lapho ubonakala ensasa ngesiZulu kuthiwa ''''iKhwezi'''', kuthi lapho ubonakala ntambama kuthiwe  '''isiCelankobe'''. UNokhwezi akanawo [[Amanzi|amanzi]] aluketshezi, futhi [[Umoyambulunga|unomoyambulunga]] osikhuhle futhi obophelene ukwedlula ezinye izindikimba zozungezohlelo lwelanga ?

... '''[[iLondosicikizi]]''', '''isilondosicikizi''' noma '''Isilondo sobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa''' singumkhakha ongaphansi oyingxenye yomkhakha [[UbuChwepheshe boKwaziswa|wobuChwepheshe Bokwaziswa]]. Sihlozinga ukulondeka [[IsiCikizi|kwezicikizi]], [[Uhlelomgidinga|amahlelomgidingo]] [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|namahleloxhumano]] ezinsongweni eziyingozi ??

...'''[[Inzalo yelanga]]''' yisikhathi lapho [[Ilanga|iLanga]] libonakala linqamula inkabazwe yasezulwini, libheke eningizimu. Ngenxa yokwehluka phakathi konyaka [[Isibalizinsuku|wekhalenda]] nonyaka wasezindaweni zenjikalanga, ulinganosuku [[UMandulo (uSepthemba)|lukaSeptemba]] lungenzeka kusukela ngoSeptember 21 kuya ku-24 ?</text>
      <sha1>bx3jwweajs8wzigiyqfy1rifdvp4w0g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Did you know2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3264</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130795</id>
      <parentid>128199</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:36:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130795</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="556" sha1="384d9d8ifd5pw7pu2l9rhc9np31e8ln" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Unesco_Cultural_Heritage_logo.svg|120px|]]&lt;/div&gt; '''UMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo''' (iDSD) ungumnyango kahulumeni [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|waseNingizimu Afrika]] obhekele ukuhlinzeka ngentuthuko yezenhlalo, ukuvikeleka kanye nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Ngaphambili wawubizwa ngokuthi uMnyango Wezenhlalakahle, waze waqanjwa kabusha ngo-July 2000. UNgqongqoshe Wothuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo ophethe njengamanje nguDina Pule. ('''[[UMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo|okwengeziwe...]]''')</text>
      <sha1>384d9d8ifd5pw7pu2l9rhc9np31e8ln</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130797</id>
      <parentid>130795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:42:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130797</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="650" sha1="pw111ks0kyscm6g4bznzf3rsrlbensk" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0&quot;&gt;[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(heraldic).svg|120px]]&lt;/div&gt; '''[[UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (eNingizimu Afrika)|UMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo]]''' (iDSD) ungumnyango kahulumeni [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|waseNingizimu Afrika]] obhekele ukuhlinzeka ngentuthuko yezenhlalo, ukuvikeleka kanye nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Ngaphambili wawubizwa ngokuthi uMnyango Wezenhlalakahle, waze waqanjwa kabusha ngo-July 2000. UNgqongqoshe Wothuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo ophethe njengamanje nguDina Pule. ('''[[UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (eNingizimu Afrika)|okwengeziwe...]]''')</text>
      <sha1>pw111ks0kyscm6g4bznzf3rsrlbensk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amaqanda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130370</id>
      <parentid>87327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:09:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sphelele sizwe Mbatha</username>
        <id>27428</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372838503|Eggs as food]]&quot;</comment>
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Abantu namanye ama-hominid badle amaqanda izigidi zeminyaka. Amaqanda adliwa kakhulu yizinyoni, ikakhulukazi izinkukhu. Abantu baseNingizimu-Mpumalanga ye-Asia baqala ukuvuna amaqanda enkukhu ukuze bathole ukudla cishe ngo-1500 BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peters |first=Joris |last2=Lebrasseur |first2=Ophélie |last3=Irving-Pease |first3=Evan K. |last4=Paxinos |first4=Ptolemaios Dimitrios |last5=Best |first5=Julia |last6=Smallman |first6=Riley |last7=Callou |first7=Cécile |last8=Gardeisen |first8=Armelle |last9=Trixl |first9=Simon |last10=Frantz |first10=Laurent |last11=Sykes |first11=Naomi |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Larson |first13=Greger |display-authors=3 |date=14 June 2022 |title=The biocultural origins and dispersal of domestic chickens |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=119 |issue=24 |article-number=e2121978119 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11921978P |doi=10.1073/pnas.2121978119 |pmc=9214543 |pmid=35666876 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaqanda ezinye [[Inyoni|izinyoni]], njengamadada nama Galikuni, adliwa njalo kodwa awavamile kakhulu kunalawo ezinkukhu. Abantu bangase futhi badle amaqanda [[Isihuquzi|Izilwane ezihuquzelayo]], Izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, [[Inhlanzi|izinhlanzi]]. Amaqanda enhlanzi adliwa njengokudla aziwa ngokuthi i-roe noma I-caviar.</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Làm Việc Thiện</username>
        <id>27335</id>
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      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] ([[User talk:Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1338" sha1="6bcpcwgiqgb3fi6lccb1wc72kj9ejdh" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Coturnix_coturnix_eggs.jpg|300px]]

'''Amaqanda''' ngesilungu bathi &quot;eggs&quot;. abakelwa zinkukhu noma inyoni.Amaqanda abekwa yizilwane zesifazane ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlukene, kufaka phakathi izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izilwane ezincelisayo ezimbalwa, nezinhlanzi, futhi eziningi zazo zidliwe ngabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. [1] Amaqanda wezinyoni nezirhubuluzi aqukethe iqanda leqanda elivikelayo, i-alben (iqanda elimhlophe), ne-vitellus (isikhuphasha samaqanda), equkethwe ngaphakathi kwezingqimba zomzimba ezahlukahlukene. Amaqanda asetshenziswa kakhulu amaqanda enkukhu. Amanye amaqanda enkukhu afaka nalawo amadada nezigwaca nawo ayadliwa. Amaqanda ezinhlanzi abizwa ngokuthi i-roe ne-caviar.


Izikhupha zamaqanda namaqanda aphelele zigcina amanani abalulekile amaprotheni ne-choline, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yokupheka. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamaprotheni, uMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States phambilini wahlukanisa amaqanda njengezinyama ezingaphakathi kwePhiramidi Lomhlahlandlela Wokudla (manje eyi-MyPlate).  Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kokudla kwamaqanda, kunezinkinga ezithile ezingaba khona zezempilo ezivela kokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol, ukungcoliswa kwe-salmonella, kanye nokungezwani komzimba namaprotheni amaqanda.


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  <page>
    <title>ITaliya</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Izifunda */</comment>
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      <text bytes="15484" sha1="fc2mpctldvg65q6n5by41tar9rqv4ei" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe
|igama                = '''Repubblica Italiana''' &lt;small&gt;(IsiTaliya)&lt;/small&gt;
|igama_ikhulu         = {{Collapsible list|title=&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''ITaliya'''&lt;/div&gt;}}
|igama_imvelo         =
|ifulegi              = Flag of Italy.svg
|ibalazwe             = EU-Italy.svg
|isiqongo             = [[iRoma]]
|izilimi              = [[IsiTaliya]]
|ubukhulu_sq_mi       = 248,573
|ubukhulu_km2         = 116,350
|ubukhulu_ukuma       = 71
|iphesenti_amanzi     = 
 |inani_labantu_ukulinganisa = 58,784,790
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma = 25
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka = 2023
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo = 
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka =
|ixuku_labantu_km2    = 201.3
|ixuku_labantu_sq_mi  = 521.4
|ixugu_labantu_ukuma  = 71
|imali                = [[Euro]] (EUR)
}}[[iTaliya]] (ngokomthetho: uMbusobala wamaTaliya, ngesiTaliya: ''Repubblica Italiana'') yilizwe eningizimu leYurophu elimboza inhlonhlo yaseTaliya, neziqhingi zaseSadiniya naseSisiliya. iTaliya inemigcele [[IFulansi|neFulansi]] neSuwisi ngasenyakatho ntshona, [[i-Ostriya]] [[ISloveniya|neSloveniya]] ngasenyakatho mpuma. Izungezwe ulwandle lwaseMediterranean ezihlangothini ezintathu: ngasempuma (olubizwa ulwandle lwaseTiraniya), ngasentshona (olubizwa ulwandle lwase-Adriatiki), nangaseningizimu. iTaliya iyilunga [[UBumbano waseYurophu|loBumbano waseYurophu]].

== iNsusagama ==
Asikho isiqiniseko sensusa legama lika-Taliya (ngesiTaliya: ''Italia''). Abasomlando bacagela ukuthi leligama liqhamuka esiGrekini, igama elaliqanjelwe isizwe sama-''Italói''. Abosomlando basola ukuthi leligama lisuka esilwaneni esasimele isizwe: inkonyana elaziwa ngesiLathini ngelika-''vitulus''.

== Umlando ==

=== iRoma ===
[[File:Pont du Gard BLS.jpg|thumb|iPont du Gard eFulansi, inhlobo yomthuthamanzi, eyayisibonelo esiphambili sobuhlakani [[umNgcikisho|bomngcikisho]] okwakha wamaRoma ekulawulweni kwamanzi]] 
iRoma iqale ingumuzi owakhiwe ogwini lomfula iTiber ngama-735 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile. Lomuzi wawubuswe yinkosi. Ngama-509 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, izakhamuzi zisuse inkosi emandleni ukusungula umbusobala – uhlaka lombangazwe olunganayo inkosi kepha olubandakanya iSenathi neZakhamuzi (ngesiLathini: ''Senatus Populusque Romanus'', isifingqo: S.P.Q.R). iSenathi yayingumkhandlu wabahloniphekile nabacebile emphakathini. iRoma yandise ubungakho bendawo yayo ngokunqoba izizwe ezazisenhlonhlweni yaseTaliya. Lokho kuholele ekunqotshweni kwezizwe ezibu-Itali, kanye nama-Etrusci, ama-Greki, nama-Khelthi. Ngama-27 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusobala wamaRoma uphenduke uMbusokazi wamaRoma. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi u-Augustus uziqambe uMbusi wokuqala waseRoma (isithakazo ewasisebenza sasingu-''Princeps'' noma uMphambili waseRoma).

uPontius Pikate wayengumLawuli waseRoma esifundazweni saseJudea owanquma ukuthi [[UJesu|uJesu Kristu]] abulawe emuva kokuthi amaFaresi ekhankasele ukubulawa kwakhe. Kwakukhona amaJuda ewayengamaRoma ewakhetha ukumlandela uJesu, ngalokho waba ngamaRoma okuqala ukuba ngabafundi bakaJesu. Ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwabaKristu ngenxa yokungavumi ukuzibandakanywa emasikweni aseRoma engahambelani [[UbuKristu|nobuKristu]], abafundi abaningi bakaJesu babulawa ngamaRoma. umPostoli uPawulu [[AmaRoma|ubhale incwadi yebandla laseRoma]] eyabandakanywa [[IBhayibheli|eBhayibhelini]]. uPetru (okulotshwe eBhayibhelini ukuthi uJesu uthe ngaye uzoba iDwala lapho umbuso kaJesu uzowakhiwa khona emhlabeni) uncwatshwe eRoma ngasemuva kokuthi amaRoma ambethele esiphambanweni izinyawo zibheke phezulu. Inhlokosonto yakaNgcwele uPetru eRoma yakhiwe phezu kwethuna lakhe.

Ma iningi lenhlonhlo lingaphansi kwabo, amaRoma anqobe iMpuma Yurophu, iNyakatho Afrika neMpakathi Mpuma. iRoma yayikholelwa ezinkulunkulwaneni ezimbalwa azinensusa yazo ezinkolweni zamaGreki; inkolo yasemandulo yamaGreki yayingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Kusukela 98 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile kufikela 117 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile kwakunokuthula okwawaziwa ngo-''Pax Romana''. Ngama-212 emuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusi uCaracalla ushaye umthetho oqede ubugqili emigceleni yaseRoma; unikeze zonke izigqili ubuzakhamuzi obulingene nalawomaRoma akhululekile. Ekhulwini lesithathu ngasemuva kwesikhathi ezijwayelekile, kwakunezinkinga njengokuhlaselwa, ukuhlupheka okomnotho, izifo, nokulwa ngaphakathi kwezakhamuzi. uMbusi Aurelianus uqale ukuxazulula iningi lalezinkinga ngama-270 emuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile. uMbusi uDiocletianus uqale ukuhlukumeza ubuKristu kakhulu ngenhloso yokubuqothula. Nakuba ezame ukugcina ukuthula kuka-Aurelianus ngokuhlephula umbusokazi ezifundazweni ezine ezinezibonda zazo, ekusukweni kwakhe ebuMbuswini, loluhlaka lokubusa lwabhidlika.
[[File:Colosseo 2020.jpg|thumb|iColosseum, inkundla lapho imidlalo ehlukene njengemiqhudelwano yamaqhawe yenzeka khona. Yayiyisibonelo sohlelo lwengqalasizinda eyayiyakhelwe ukungcebeleka embusokazini yaseRoma]]
uConstantinus oMkhulu ubuyise ukuthula ngokuphakanyiselwa esikhundleni sikaMbusi ngama-306. uConstantinus wayenguMbusi okuqala ukukholelwa ebuKristini futhi waqeda ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaKristu ngama-317. uConstantinus uthuthise inhlokodolobha yoMbusokazi ezinsungubezini zaseBosphorus. Ngama-380 ngasemuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusi uTheodosius wokuQala ushaye isiyalelo saseThesaloniki ukuthi ubuKristu (mpeleni inhlobo yalenkolo eyavunyelwa nguMkhandlu Jikelele waseNicaea ngama-325) bubeyinkolo esemthethweni yoMbusokazi wamaRoma.

Emuva kwesikhathi embusweni soMbusi uTheodosius wokuQala ngama-395, uMbusokazi wamaRoma uhlukaniswe ngezinxenye ezimbili: yaseMpuma neyaseNtshona. uMbusokazi wamaRoma waseNtshona uqedwe ngama-476 ma uMbusi uRomulus Augustilus ephuma esikhundleni sakhe ephoqwe ngu-Odoacer umJalimani. Lokho kwenzakale ngenxa yezinhlaselo eziningi kakhulu zika-Attila wamaHun. uMbusokazi wamaRoma waseMpuma uqhubekile kufikela ku-1458; uchithwe ngenxa yokuthi uMehmed wama-Osimani unqobe isiqonga saseConstantinopolis ekuholele ekumenulweni koMbusi uKōnstantīnos Dragásēs Palaiológos.
===Isikhathi Mpakathi===
[[File:Leonardo self.jpg|thumb|Isizidweba sikaLeonardo da Vinci, ungqodongqondo yesikhathi soMvuselelokabusha]]
eMuva kokuphela koMbusokazi wamaRoma waseNtshona, uOdoacer usungule uMbuso enhlonhlweni laseTaliya. loMbuso ubhidlikile nawo. eNyakatho kwenhlonhlo yaseTaliya, uhlanga lwamaJalimani, amaLombard, usungule uMbuso waseLombardia. iLombardia iwele ngaphansi kukaCharlemagne yabandakanywa [[iJalimani#Umbuso Ongcwele|eMbusweni oNgcwele wamaRoma]]. Izindawo ezazisempakathini kwenhlonhlo ezazizungeze inhlokodolobha yaseRoma zazingaphansi kaPapa, umbhishobhi omkhulu owayeyinhloko ye[[ISonto lamaKatholika|sonto lamaRoma]]. Inxabano ngaphakathi koMbusi wamaJalimani noPapa mayelana iminqubo kokhetho yamabhishobhi nezinye izihlonishwa esontweni kuholele ekutheni amadolobha asenyakatho lwenhlonhlo yaseTaliya ukuthi aphume ngaphansi kwakaPapa noMbuso wamaJalimani.

Lamadolobha amasha (kakhulu iMilano, iGenova, iVenezia, iPisa, ne-Firenze) wayenethonya elikhulu elwandleni Mpakathi ngenxa yezikhungo zokugcina nokulawula umshintshisano wemali, nobunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zohwebo zabo ngenxa yezikhumulo zemikhumbi ezinkulu lapho amabutho emikhumbi empi nezohwebo awo agcinwe khona. Ngenxa yokuba empakathini yentutho yabantu nempahla ngaphakathi kweYurophu, iNyakatho Afrika, neMpakathi Mpuma, lamadolobha azimele aseTaliya wayekhiqiza ubuciko, ubuchwepheshe, nemicabango ezombusazwe eyanothonya eYurophu. Abasociko nabo[[iNzululwazi|sonzululwazi]] abadumile futhi abayingqayivele eYurophu njengo-Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Rafael, Boticelli, Titian, Donatello bavele kulesikhathi kuwolamadolobha.

==Ezombusazwe==
[[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|uNkk Giorgia Meloni, iNdunankulu yaseTaliya kusukela uMfumfu ka2022 ongumholi weqembu labaZalwane baseTaliya (''Fratelli d'Italia'')]]
Ezombusazwe zaseTaliya ziqhuba ngohlaka lwentandoyeningi ngaphansi komthethosisekelo. uMthethosisekelo waseTaliya ushayiwe yiGunga loMthethosisekelo ngama-22 kaZibandlela 1947. uMthethosisekelo ungene emphoqelelweni ngo-1 kaMasingane 1948. Lokho kususe uMthethosisekelo owawuqale ukusetshenziswa nguMbuso waseSadiniya kusukela 1848 ekuholele ekususweni kweNgonyama njengenhloko yelizwe (olwaziwa nge-''Statuto Albertino''). Uhlaka lwezombusazwe luguqulwe ngenxa yokuthi iqembu lamaFashisti elalingaphansi kweNdunankulu uBenito Mussolini lidonse uMbuso waseTaliya eMpini yesiBili yoMhlaba lapho ilizwe lahlulwa ngabaFelandawonye (ngesiNgisi: ''Allies'') khona – lokho kuqede umbuso wemphoqo eTaliya.

uMengameli uyinhloko yesizwe nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. uMengameli uhlala esikhundleni iminyaka eyisikhombisa. uMengameli umela izwe futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi ezombusazwe ziqhubeka ukuqhutshwa ngohlaka lwentandoyeningi njengeSihlalo soMkhandlu oPhakeme wezobuLungiswa noMkhandlu oPhakeme wezokuVikela. Unegunya lokuqoka abehluleli beNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, ukwamkela nokuqoka amanxusa, ukuqoka iNdunankulu naboNgqongqoshe beKhabhinethi, ukuxolela abagwetshelwe amacala, nokuphawula imithethosivivinyo. Osesikhundleni sikaMengameli ngu-Sergio Mattarella (owayengumehluleli omthethosisekelo) kusukela 31 kaMasingane 2015. Ukhethwa yiNkomfa yoKhetho ebandakanya amalunga wezindlu zimbili zesishayamthetho sikazwelonke futhi nabameli abangama-58 bemikhandlu wezifunda. 

iNdunankulu iyinhloko legatsha lokuphatha. Ibonisana noMengameli mayelana ukuqotshwa kwaboNgqongqoshe. iNdunankulu ivamile ukuba ngumholi weqembu lezombangazwe elisendlini yangaphansi yesishayamthetho sikazwelonke elineningi lenani lamavoti ephalamende. Ngenxa yokuthi iNdunankulu incike ekuthenjweni yiPhalamende, indlu yangaphansi yelesosikhungo ingamkhipha esikhundleni ngevoti lokungasamthembi. Lesikhundla sasikhona ngaphansi kwe-''Statuto Albertino'' kepha uBenito Mussolini wandise amandla walesikhundla futhi wayebusela iNgonyama uViktor Emmanuel wesiThathu. Osesikhundleni esikhathini samanje ngu-Giorgia Meloni. Njengomholi wegatsha lokuphatha, nakuba engaphansi kwoMengameli ngesithunzi, iNdunankulu isesiqongweni sezombangazwe eTaliya ngenxa yokulawula izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo zikahulumeni.

IPhalamende (''Parlamento italiano'') iqukethe iSenathi yoMbusobala (''Senato di Republicca'') – indlu yangaphezulu – kanye neNdlu yabaThunywa (''Camera del deputati''). Incane lamalunga eSenathi liqotswa nguMengameli futhi aboMengameli eziFunda banezihlalo ngokomthetho kuleyondlu kepha iningi lamalunga wayo akhethwa yizakhamuzi ngokuhlephulela izifunda izihlalo ngokulingana. Izihlalo zeNdlu yabaThunywa zikhethwa yizakhamuzi ngokuhletshulwa ngokwenani labahlali balesosifunda. Imvumo yezindlu zimbili iyafuneka ukuthi umthethosivivinyo uvunywelwe ukulethwa phambi kukaMengameli ukuthi uphawulwe bese ushicilelwe e-''Gazzeti Ufficialle'' lapho imithetho epholelekayo ishicilelwe khona. 

=== Ezobulungiswa noMphoqelelo woMthetho ===
[[File:Milano Italy Carabinieri-01.jpg|thumb|ama-''Cabanieri'', amaphoyisa ezempi, embathe imvunulo esemthethweni]]
iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha imithetho engahambelani noMthethosisekelo nokuxazulula imiphikisano ngaphakathi kwamagatsha ombuso. Lenkantolo ayiyona inxenye yegatsha lobulungiswa – ihleli ngaphandle kwayo. Abashicileli bomphakathi yibona kuphela abanegunya loku letha amacala obugebengu phambi kwenkantolo. Amacala omphakathi abucayi njengalawo abandakanya ingane noma ukungazakwazi ukukhokhela imiboleko ashushiswa ngabashushisi bomphakathi. Ngokujwayelekile, izinkatolo zihlelwe ngohlaka lwamazinga amathathu. Amacala angeniswa ezingeni lokuqala. Andluliswa ezingeni lesibili. Amacala agcina ezingeni lesithathu.

Kukhona iziphathimandla ezimbalwa eziphoqelela umthetho: i-''Carbinieri'' iphoqelela umthetho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemigcele aseTaliya, i-''Polizia di Stato'' iphoqelela umthetho iphinde igcine ukuthula emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi i-''Guardia di Finanza'' ivimba ubugebengu obwezemali nokuhwetshwa kwezidagamiswa okungekho emthethweni. Ubugebengu bodlame abuvamanga eTaliya. Ukubulawa kwenzeka ebantwini abayi-0.5 ezi-100,000 zabantu; iTaliya iphephe cishe ukundlula zonke izizwe ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane njenge-San Marino neDolobha laseVatikani. Nakuba kuphephike ukundlula amazwe amaningi, ithathu labesifazane lathinteka ngokuhlukinyezwa. Futhi, kunesiko eliphoqa abesifazane ukuthi bagane abesilisa ababadlwengulile esiqhamuka eminqutshweni yesonto laseRoma. Kukhona amaqembu obugebengu obuqoqakele afeza ubugebengu bwezemali, inkohlakalo ezombusazweni, ukuphanga, ukudezela, nokutshontsha ewaziwa ngama-''Mafia''.

=== Ezemvikelo ===
[[File:Cavour (550).jpg|thumb|Isithwalandiza i-''Cavour'', inhlokomkhumbi yebutho yolwandle laseTaliya]]
Amabutho ahlomileyo aseTaliya aqukethe ibutho lasemhlabeni, ibutho lobhakabhaka, ibutho laselwandle, kanye nebutho lamaphoyisa wezempi. Nakuba uMengameli uyinhloko yamabutho, iNdunankulu (ngokuboniswa yiNgqongqoshe yezeMvikelo) iphatha ezempi ngokwezombangazwe. iNduna yabaSebenzi bezeMvikelo (iqokwa nguMengameli mhla ebonisane noMkhandlu waboNgqongqoshe), uMkhuzi Luciano Portolano, uyinhloko yamabutho ngezezinsuku ngezinsuku. Kunamajoni asebenzayo ayi-165,000 futhi kubenamajoni agodliwe ayi-15,000. Inezindleko eziyizigidigidi ezingama-33 wamaDola aseMelika. Izikhali nempahla esetsheziswa amabutho ikhandwa yizinkampani zezwe. Ngenxa yokuba nomboni ezikhali ethuthukileyo, iTaliya idayisela amanye amazwe izikhali alingene amaDola ayizigidi angama-881 wamaDola aseMelika. iTaliya ithenga impahla kuMelika, [[Isirayeli]], [[iJalimani]], [[iFulansi]], kanye no[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Mbuso oHlangeneyo]].

=== Izifunda ===
iTaliya iqukatha izifunda ezingamashumi amabili (amagama abhalwe ngesiTaliya). 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Isifunda
!Inani laBantu
!Inhlokodolobha
|-
|Abruzzo
|1,268,430
|L'Aquila
|-
|Basilicata
|529,897
|Potenza
|-
|Calabria
|1,832,147
|Catanzaro
|-
|Campania
|5,575,025
|Napoli
|-
|Emilia-Romagna
|4,465,678
|Bologna
|-
|Friuli-Venezia Giulia
|1,194,095
|Trieste
|-
|Lazio
|5,710,272
|[[IRoma|Roma]]
|-
|Liguria
|1,509,908
|Genova
|-
|Lombardia
|10,035,481
|Milano
|-
|Marche
|1,481,252
|Ancona
|-
|Molise
|287,966
|Campobasso
|-
|Piedmonte
|4,255,702
|Torino
|-
|Puglia
|3,874,166
|Bari
|-
|Sardinia
|1,561,339
|Cagliari
|-
|Sicilia
|4,779,371
|Palermo
|-
|Trentino-Alto Adige
|1,086,095
|Trento
|-
|Toscana
|3,660,834
|[[UFirenze|Firenze]]
|-
|Umbria
|851,954
|Perugia
|-
|Valle d'Aosta
|122,714
|Aosta
|-
|Veneto
|4,851,851
|Venezia
|}

=== Ubudlelwane namaZwe ===
[[File:G7 Summit 2024 - Family photo - 02.jpg|thumb|Isithombe sabaholi bezizwe ezingamalunga e-G7]]
iTaliya liyilunga elasungula uBumbano waseYurophu (kufikela 1993 lolubumbano lwawaziwa ngoMphakathi owoMnotho waseYurophu) kanye neNhlangano yoMvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki. iTaliya iyilunga yezihlangano ezinye: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], iNhlangano yeNtuthuko nokuSebenzisana okoMnotho, iNhlangano yoMhlaba yoHwebo, iNhlangano yokuPhephosa nokuSebenzisana eYurophu kanye noMkhandlu waseYurophu. iTaliya ithuma amajoni emikhankasweni yokugcina ukuthula emazweni ahlushwa yizimpi: [[ISomaliya]], [[IMozambiki]], [[IBhosniya neHerzegovina]], kanye neMpuma Timori. iThume amajoni [[I-Afganistani|e-Afganistani]] ehlangothini [[IMelika|leMelika]] uma ihlasela inhlangano ye-Al Qaeda ngenxa yokushayisisa izindiza emibhoshongweni ye-''World Trade Centre''. 
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]]
[[Category:IYurophu Eningizimu]]
[[Category:ITaliya| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="15500" sha1="rcm7c2qfebx3c798kcxcaohzerott5e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox izwe
|igama                = '''Repubblica Italiana''' &lt;small&gt;(IsiTaliya)&lt;/small&gt;
|igama_ikhulu         = {{Collapsible list|title=&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''ITaliya'''&lt;/div&gt;}}
|igama_imvelo         =
|ifulegi              = Flag of Italy.svg
|ibalazwe             = EU-Italy.svg
|isiqongo             = [[iRoma]]
|izilimi              = [[IsiTaliya]]
|ubukhulu_sq_mi       = 248,573
|ubukhulu_km2         = 116,350
|ubukhulu_ukuma       = 71
|iphesenti_amanzi     = 
 |inani_labantu_ukulinganisa = 58,784,790
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma = 25
|inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka = 2023
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo = 
|inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka =
|ixuku_labantu_km2    = 201.3
|ixuku_labantu_sq_mi  = 521.4
|ixugu_labantu_ukuma  = 71
|imali                = [[Euro]] (EUR)
}}[[iTaliya]] (ngokomthetho: uMbusobala wamaTaliya, ngesiTaliya: ''Repubblica Italiana'') yilizwe eningizimu leYurophu elimboza inhlonhlo yaseTaliya, neziqhingi zaseSadiniya naseSisiliya. iTaliya inemigcele [[IFulansi|neFulansi]] ne[[ISwitzerland|Swisi]] ngasenyakatho ntshona, [[i-Ostriya]] [[ISloveniya|neSloveniya]] ngasenyakatho mpuma. Izungezwe ulwandle lwaseMediterranean ezihlangothini ezintathu: ngasempuma (olubizwa ulwandle lwaseTiraniya), ngasentshona (olubizwa ulwandle lwase-Adriatiki), nangaseningizimu. iTaliya iyilunga [[UBumbano waseYurophu|loBumbano waseYurophu]].

== iNsusagama ==
Asikho isiqiniseko sensusa legama lika-Taliya (ngesiTaliya: ''Italia''). Abasomlando bacagela ukuthi leligama liqhamuka esiGrekini, igama elaliqanjelwe isizwe sama-''Italói''. Abosomlando basola ukuthi leligama lisuka esilwaneni esasimele isizwe: inkonyana elaziwa ngesiLathini ngelika-''vitulus''.

== Umlando ==

=== iRoma ===
[[File:Pont du Gard BLS.jpg|thumb|iPont du Gard eFulansi, inhlobo yomthuthamanzi, eyayisibonelo esiphambili sobuhlakani [[umNgcikisho|bomngcikisho]] okwakha wamaRoma ekulawulweni kwamanzi]] 
iRoma iqale ingumuzi owakhiwe ogwini lomfula iTiber ngama-735 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile. Lomuzi wawubuswe yinkosi. Ngama-509 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, izakhamuzi zisuse inkosi emandleni ukusungula umbusobala – uhlaka lombangazwe olunganayo inkosi kepha olubandakanya iSenathi neZakhamuzi (ngesiLathini: ''Senatus Populusque Romanus'', isifingqo: S.P.Q.R). iSenathi yayingumkhandlu wabahloniphekile nabacebile emphakathini. iRoma yandise ubungakho bendawo yayo ngokunqoba izizwe ezazisenhlonhlweni yaseTaliya. Lokho kuholele ekunqotshweni kwezizwe ezibu-Itali, kanye nama-Etrusci, ama-Greki, nama-Khelthi. Ngama-27 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusobala wamaRoma uphenduke uMbusokazi wamaRoma. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi u-Augustus uziqambe uMbusi wokuqala waseRoma (isithakazo ewasisebenza sasingu-''Princeps'' noma uMphambili waseRoma).

uPontius Pikate wayengumLawuli waseRoma esifundazweni saseJudea owanquma ukuthi [[UJesu|uJesu Kristu]] abulawe emuva kokuthi amaFaresi ekhankasele ukubulawa kwakhe. Kwakukhona amaJuda ewayengamaRoma ewakhetha ukumlandela uJesu, ngalokho waba ngamaRoma okuqala ukuba ngabafundi bakaJesu. Ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwabaKristu ngenxa yokungavumi ukuzibandakanywa emasikweni aseRoma engahambelani [[UbuKristu|nobuKristu]], abafundi abaningi bakaJesu babulawa ngamaRoma. umPostoli uPawulu [[AmaRoma|ubhale incwadi yebandla laseRoma]] eyabandakanywa [[IBhayibheli|eBhayibhelini]]. uPetru (okulotshwe eBhayibhelini ukuthi uJesu uthe ngaye uzoba iDwala lapho umbuso kaJesu uzowakhiwa khona emhlabeni) uncwatshwe eRoma ngasemuva kokuthi amaRoma ambethele esiphambanweni izinyawo zibheke phezulu. Inhlokosonto yakaNgcwele uPetru eRoma yakhiwe phezu kwethuna lakhe.

Ma iningi lenhlonhlo lingaphansi kwabo, amaRoma anqobe iMpuma Yurophu, iNyakatho Afrika neMpakathi Mpuma. iRoma yayikholelwa ezinkulunkulwaneni ezimbalwa azinensusa yazo ezinkolweni zamaGreki; inkolo yasemandulo yamaGreki yayingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa. Kusukela 98 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile kufikela 117 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile kwakunokuthula okwawaziwa ngo-''Pax Romana''. Ngama-212 emuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusi uCaracalla ushaye umthetho oqede ubugqili emigceleni yaseRoma; unikeze zonke izigqili ubuzakhamuzi obulingene nalawomaRoma akhululekile. Ekhulwini lesithathu ngasemuva kwesikhathi ezijwayelekile, kwakunezinkinga njengokuhlaselwa, ukuhlupheka okomnotho, izifo, nokulwa ngaphakathi kwezakhamuzi. uMbusi Aurelianus uqale ukuxazulula iningi lalezinkinga ngama-270 emuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile. uMbusi uDiocletianus uqale ukuhlukumeza ubuKristu kakhulu ngenhloso yokubuqothula. Nakuba ezame ukugcina ukuthula kuka-Aurelianus ngokuhlephula umbusokazi ezifundazweni ezine ezinezibonda zazo, ekusukweni kwakhe ebuMbuswini, loluhlaka lokubusa lwabhidlika.
[[File:Colosseo 2020.jpg|thumb|iColosseum, inkundla lapho imidlalo ehlukene njengemiqhudelwano yamaqhawe yenzeka khona. Yayiyisibonelo sohlelo lwengqalasizinda eyayiyakhelwe ukungcebeleka embusokazini yaseRoma]]
uConstantinus oMkhulu ubuyise ukuthula ngokuphakanyiselwa esikhundleni sikaMbusi ngama-306. uConstantinus wayenguMbusi okuqala ukukholelwa ebuKristini futhi waqeda ukuhlukunyezwa kwamaKristu ngama-317. uConstantinus uthuthise inhlokodolobha yoMbusokazi ezinsungubezini zaseBosphorus. Ngama-380 ngasemuva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile, uMbusi uTheodosius wokuQala ushaye isiyalelo saseThesaloniki ukuthi ubuKristu (mpeleni inhlobo yalenkolo eyavunyelwa nguMkhandlu Jikelele waseNicaea ngama-325) bubeyinkolo esemthethweni yoMbusokazi wamaRoma.

Emuva kwesikhathi embusweni soMbusi uTheodosius wokuQala ngama-395, uMbusokazi wamaRoma uhlukaniswe ngezinxenye ezimbili: yaseMpuma neyaseNtshona. uMbusokazi wamaRoma waseNtshona uqedwe ngama-476 ma uMbusi uRomulus Augustilus ephuma esikhundleni sakhe ephoqwe ngu-Odoacer umJalimani. Lokho kwenzakale ngenxa yezinhlaselo eziningi kakhulu zika-Attila wamaHun. uMbusokazi wamaRoma waseMpuma uqhubekile kufikela ku-1458; uchithwe ngenxa yokuthi uMehmed wama-Osimani unqobe isiqonga saseConstantinopolis ekuholele ekumenulweni koMbusi uKōnstantīnos Dragásēs Palaiológos.
===Isikhathi Mpakathi===
[[File:Leonardo self.jpg|thumb|Isizidweba sikaLeonardo da Vinci, ungqodongqondo yesikhathi soMvuselelokabusha]]
eMuva kokuphela koMbusokazi wamaRoma waseNtshona, uOdoacer usungule uMbuso enhlonhlweni laseTaliya. loMbuso ubhidlikile nawo. eNyakatho kwenhlonhlo yaseTaliya, uhlanga lwamaJalimani, amaLombard, usungule uMbuso waseLombardia. iLombardia iwele ngaphansi kukaCharlemagne yabandakanywa [[iJalimani#Umbuso Ongcwele|eMbusweni oNgcwele wamaRoma]]. Izindawo ezazisempakathini kwenhlonhlo ezazizungeze inhlokodolobha yaseRoma zazingaphansi kaPapa, umbhishobhi omkhulu owayeyinhloko ye[[ISonto lamaKatholika|sonto lamaRoma]]. Inxabano ngaphakathi koMbusi wamaJalimani noPapa mayelana iminqubo kokhetho yamabhishobhi nezinye izihlonishwa esontweni kuholele ekutheni amadolobha asenyakatho lwenhlonhlo yaseTaliya ukuthi aphume ngaphansi kwakaPapa noMbuso wamaJalimani.

Lamadolobha amasha (kakhulu iMilano, iGenova, iVenezia, iPisa, ne-Firenze) wayenethonya elikhulu elwandleni Mpakathi ngenxa yezikhungo zokugcina nokulawula umshintshisano wemali, nobunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zohwebo zabo ngenxa yezikhumulo zemikhumbi ezinkulu lapho amabutho emikhumbi empi nezohwebo awo agcinwe khona. Ngenxa yokuba empakathini yentutho yabantu nempahla ngaphakathi kweYurophu, iNyakatho Afrika, neMpakathi Mpuma, lamadolobha azimele aseTaliya wayekhiqiza ubuciko, ubuchwepheshe, nemicabango ezombusazwe eyanothonya eYurophu. Abasociko nabo[[iNzululwazi|sonzululwazi]] abadumile futhi abayingqayivele eYurophu njengo-Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Rafael, Boticelli, Titian, Donatello bavele kulesikhathi kuwolamadolobha.

==Ezombusazwe==
[[File:Giorgia Meloni Official 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|uNkk Giorgia Meloni, iNdunankulu yaseTaliya kusukela uMfumfu ka2022 ongumholi weqembu labaZalwane baseTaliya (''Fratelli d'Italia'')]]
Ezombusazwe zaseTaliya ziqhuba ngohlaka lwentandoyeningi ngaphansi komthethosisekelo. uMthethosisekelo waseTaliya ushayiwe yiGunga loMthethosisekelo ngama-22 kaZibandlela 1947. uMthethosisekelo ungene emphoqelelweni ngo-1 kaMasingane 1948. Lokho kususe uMthethosisekelo owawuqale ukusetshenziswa nguMbuso waseSadiniya kusukela 1848 ekuholele ekususweni kweNgonyama njengenhloko yelizwe (olwaziwa nge-''Statuto Albertino''). Uhlaka lwezombusazwe luguqulwe ngenxa yokuthi iqembu lamaFashisti elalingaphansi kweNdunankulu uBenito Mussolini lidonse uMbuso waseTaliya eMpini yesiBili yoMhlaba lapho ilizwe lahlulwa ngabaFelandawonye (ngesiNgisi: ''Allies'') khona – lokho kuqede umbuso wemphoqo eTaliya.

uMengameli uyinhloko yesizwe nomkhuzi-jikelele wamabutho ahlomileyo. uMengameli uhlala esikhundleni iminyaka eyisikhombisa. uMengameli umela izwe futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi ezombusazwe ziqhubeka ukuqhutshwa ngohlaka lwentandoyeningi njengeSihlalo soMkhandlu oPhakeme wezobuLungiswa noMkhandlu oPhakeme wezokuVikela. Unegunya lokuqoka abehluleli beNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, ukwamkela nokuqoka amanxusa, ukuqoka iNdunankulu naboNgqongqoshe beKhabhinethi, ukuxolela abagwetshelwe amacala, nokuphawula imithethosivivinyo. Osesikhundleni sikaMengameli ngu-Sergio Mattarella (owayengumehluleli omthethosisekelo) kusukela 31 kaMasingane 2015. Ukhethwa yiNkomfa yoKhetho ebandakanya amalunga wezindlu zimbili zesishayamthetho sikazwelonke futhi nabameli abangama-58 bemikhandlu wezifunda. 

iNdunankulu iyinhloko legatsha lokuphatha. Ibonisana noMengameli mayelana ukuqotshwa kwaboNgqongqoshe. iNdunankulu ivamile ukuba ngumholi weqembu lezombangazwe elisendlini yangaphansi yesishayamthetho sikazwelonke elineningi lenani lamavoti ephalamende. Ngenxa yokuthi iNdunankulu incike ekuthenjweni yiPhalamende, indlu yangaphansi yelesosikhungo ingamkhipha esikhundleni ngevoti lokungasamthembi. Lesikhundla sasikhona ngaphansi kwe-''Statuto Albertino'' kepha uBenito Mussolini wandise amandla walesikhundla futhi wayebusela iNgonyama uViktor Emmanuel wesiThathu. Osesikhundleni esikhathini samanje ngu-Giorgia Meloni. Njengomholi wegatsha lokuphatha, nakuba engaphansi kwoMengameli ngesithunzi, iNdunankulu isesiqongweni sezombangazwe eTaliya ngenxa yokulawula izinqubomgomo nezinhlelo zikahulumeni.

IPhalamende (''Parlamento italiano'') iqukethe iSenathi yoMbusobala (''Senato di Republicca'') – indlu yangaphezulu – kanye neNdlu yabaThunywa (''Camera del deputati''). Incane lamalunga eSenathi liqotswa nguMengameli futhi aboMengameli eziFunda banezihlalo ngokomthetho kuleyondlu kepha iningi lamalunga wayo akhethwa yizakhamuzi ngokuhlephulela izifunda izihlalo ngokulingana. Izihlalo zeNdlu yabaThunywa zikhethwa yizakhamuzi ngokuhletshulwa ngokwenani labahlali balesosifunda. Imvumo yezindlu zimbili iyafuneka ukuthi umthethosivivinyo uvunywelwe ukulethwa phambi kukaMengameli ukuthi uphawulwe bese ushicilelwe e-''Gazzeti Ufficialle'' lapho imithetho epholelekayo ishicilelwe khona. 

=== Ezobulungiswa noMphoqelelo woMthetho ===
[[File:Milano Italy Carabinieri-01.jpg|thumb|ama-''Cabanieri'', amaphoyisa ezempi, embathe imvunulo esemthethweni]]
iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo inamandla okuchitha imithetho engahambelani noMthethosisekelo nokuxazulula imiphikisano ngaphakathi kwamagatsha ombuso. Lenkantolo ayiyona inxenye yegatsha lobulungiswa – ihleli ngaphandle kwayo. Abashicileli bomphakathi yibona kuphela abanegunya loku letha amacala obugebengu phambi kwenkantolo. Amacala omphakathi abucayi njengalawo abandakanya ingane noma ukungazakwazi ukukhokhela imiboleko ashushiswa ngabashushisi bomphakathi. Ngokujwayelekile, izinkatolo zihlelwe ngohlaka lwamazinga amathathu. Amacala angeniswa ezingeni lokuqala. Andluliswa ezingeni lesibili. Amacala agcina ezingeni lesithathu.

Kukhona iziphathimandla ezimbalwa eziphoqelela umthetho: i-''Carbinieri'' iphoqelela umthetho ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemigcele aseTaliya, i-''Polizia di Stato'' iphoqelela umthetho iphinde igcine ukuthula emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi i-''Guardia di Finanza'' ivimba ubugebengu obwezemali nokuhwetshwa kwezidagamiswa okungekho emthethweni. Ubugebengu bodlame abuvamanga eTaliya. Ukubulawa kwenzeka ebantwini abayi-0.5 ezi-100,000 zabantu; iTaliya iphephe cishe ukundlula zonke izizwe ngaphandle kwezizwe ezincane njenge-San Marino neDolobha laseVatikani. Nakuba kuphephike ukundlula amazwe amaningi, ithathu labesifazane lathinteka ngokuhlukinyezwa. Futhi, kunesiko eliphoqa abesifazane ukuthi bagane abesilisa ababadlwengulile esiqhamuka eminqutshweni yesonto laseRoma. Kukhona amaqembu obugebengu obuqoqakele afeza ubugebengu bwezemali, inkohlakalo ezombusazweni, ukuphanga, ukudezela, nokutshontsha ewaziwa ngama-''Mafia''.

=== Ezemvikelo ===
[[File:Cavour (550).jpg|thumb|Isithwalandiza i-''Cavour'', inhlokomkhumbi yebutho yolwandle laseTaliya]]
Amabutho ahlomileyo aseTaliya aqukethe ibutho lasemhlabeni, ibutho lobhakabhaka, ibutho laselwandle, kanye nebutho lamaphoyisa wezempi. Nakuba uMengameli uyinhloko yamabutho, iNdunankulu (ngokuboniswa yiNgqongqoshe yezeMvikelo) iphatha ezempi ngokwezombangazwe. iNduna yabaSebenzi bezeMvikelo (iqokwa nguMengameli mhla ebonisane noMkhandlu waboNgqongqoshe), uMkhuzi Luciano Portolano, uyinhloko yamabutho ngezezinsuku ngezinsuku. Kunamajoni asebenzayo ayi-165,000 futhi kubenamajoni agodliwe ayi-15,000. Inezindleko eziyizigidigidi ezingama-33 wamaDola aseMelika. Izikhali nempahla esetsheziswa amabutho ikhandwa yizinkampani zezwe. Ngenxa yokuba nomboni ezikhali ethuthukileyo, iTaliya idayisela amanye amazwe izikhali alingene amaDola ayizigidi angama-881 wamaDola aseMelika. iTaliya ithenga impahla kuMelika, [[Isirayeli]], [[iJalimani]], [[iFulansi]], kanye no[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|Mbuso oHlangeneyo]].

=== Izifunda ===
iTaliya iqukatha izifunda ezingamashumi amabili (amagama abhalwe ngesiTaliya). 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Isifunda
!Inani laBantu
!Inhlokodolobha
|-
|Abruzzo
|1,268,430
|L'Aquila
|-
|Basilicata
|529,897
|Potenza
|-
|Calabria
|1,832,147
|Catanzaro
|-
|Campania
|5,575,025
|Napoli
|-
|Emilia-Romagna
|4,465,678
|Bologna
|-
|Friuli-Venezia Giulia
|1,194,095
|Trieste
|-
|Lazio
|5,710,272
|[[IRoma|Roma]]
|-
|Liguria
|1,509,908
|Genova
|-
|Lombardia
|10,035,481
|Milano
|-
|Marche
|1,481,252
|Ancona
|-
|Molise
|287,966
|Campobasso
|-
|Piedmonte
|4,255,702
|Torino
|-
|Puglia
|3,874,166
|Bari
|-
|Sardinia
|1,561,339
|Cagliari
|-
|Sicilia
|4,779,371
|Palermo
|-
|Trentino-Alto Adige
|1,086,095
|Trento
|-
|Toscana
|3,660,834
|[[UFirenze|Firenze]]
|-
|Umbria
|851,954
|Perugia
|-
|Valle d'Aosta
|122,714
|Aosta
|-
|Veneto
|4,851,851
|Venezia
|}

=== Ubudlelwane namaZwe ===
[[File:G7 Summit 2024 - Family photo - 02.jpg|thumb|Isithombe sabaholi bezizwe ezingamalunga e-G7]]
iTaliya liyilunga elasungula uBumbano waseYurophu (kufikela 1993 lolubumbano lwawaziwa ngoMphakathi owoMnotho waseYurophu) kanye neNhlangano yoMvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki. iTaliya iyilunga yezihlangano ezinye: [[IZizwe Ezihlangene]], iNhlangano yeNtuthuko nokuSebenzisana okoMnotho, iNhlangano yoMhlaba yoHwebo, iNhlangano yokuPhephosa nokuSebenzisana eYurophu kanye noMkhandlu waseYurophu. iTaliya ithuma amajoni emikhankasweni yokugcina ukuthula emazweni ahlushwa yizimpi: [[ISomaliya]], [[IMozambiki]], [[IBhosniya neHerzegovina]], kanye neMpuma Timori. iThume amajoni [[I-Afganistani|e-Afganistani]] ehlangothini [[IMelika|leMelika]] uma ihlasela inhlangano ye-Al Qaeda ngenxa yokushayisisa izindiza emibhoshongweni ye-''World Trade Centre''. 
[[Category:Amazwe]]
[[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]]
[[Category:IYurophu Eningizimu]]
[[Category:ITaliya| ]]</text>
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'''Incoso''' iyisicubu sezilwane, ikakhulukazi [[Umsipha|imisipha]] esimywa njengokudla. Abantu bezingela futhi bafuya ezinye izilwane ukuze bathole inyama kusukela ngaphambi komlando. I-Neolithic Revolution yavumela ukufuywa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla, kufaka phakathi izinkukhu, [[Imvu|izimvu]], [[Imbuzi|izimbuzi]], izingulube, [[Ihhashi|amahhashi]] [[izinkomo]], kwaqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-11,000 edlule. Kusukela lapho, ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe kuye kwavumela abalimi ukuba bakhiqize inyama enezimfanelo ezifunwa abakhiqizi nabathengi. Inyama ibalulekile emnothweni, emasikweni nasezinkolweni emhlabeni wonke.
[[Category:Inyama]]</text>
      <sha1>1gjdnwdth4xwxkqf5lwjooij9rep4ly</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130363</id>
      <parentid>130361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:05:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Làm Việc Thiện</username>
        <id>27335</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] ([[User talk:Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|talk]]) to last version by Heinrichdeutsch: reverting vandalism</comment>
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      <text bytes="1318" sha1="dnzndf9w8cyusg01ovd1ru2ai3szozp" xml:space="preserve">'''Inyama''' ukudla okuvela esilwaneni. Jikelele lokhu kusho imisipha yomzimba kuhlananisa namafutha awo.&lt;ref&gt;Ayyıldız, Esat. [https://ia601504.us.archive.org/30/items/klasik-arap-edebiyatinda-et-motifi/Klasik%20Arap%20Edebiyat%C4%B1nda%20Et%20Motifi.pdf “Klasik Arap Edebiyatında Et Motifi”]. ''International Malatya Gastronomy Culture and Tourism Conference''. ed. Aynur Ismayilova – Gunay Rzayeva. 19-24. Malatya: IKSAD Publishing House, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Roasts ready to go (15896600267).jpg|thumb|Inyama yenkomo yokugcoba kuhhavini]]Inyama yinyama yesilwane edliwa njengokudla. [1] Abantu baye bazingela futhi babulala izilwane ukuze bathole inyama kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Ukufika kwempucuko kwavumela ukufuywa kwezilwane ezinjengezinkukhu, izimvu, onogwaja, izingulube nezinkomo. Lokhu ekugcineni kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo ekukhiqizeni inyama esikalini sezimboni ngosizo lwendawo zokuhlatshwa.

Inyama yakhiwa kakhulu ngamanzi, amaprotheni, namafutha. Iyadliwa iluhlaza, kepha imvamisa iyadliwa ngemuva kokuthi iphekiwe futhi ifakwe umunyu noma icutshungulwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Inyama engalungisiwe izokonakala noma ibole kungakapheli amahora noma izinsuku ngenxa yokutheleleka nokubola kwamagciwane nesikhunta.

{{stub}}

[[Category:Inyama| ]]
[[Category:Ukudla]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Central African Republic</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130568</id>
      <parentid>123468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:05:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2587" sha1="0jdbg5otjtxwl0w4d994zcna4giyh3p" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q15710848
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57758|Faustin-Archange Touadéra]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2016-03-30
| 
| [[File:Visit of Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President of the Central African Republic, to the European Commission (P067074-430913, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15633683|Catherine Samba-Panza]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2014-01-23
| 2016-03-30
| [[File:Catherine Samba-Panza 2014-09-26.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15618369|Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2014-01-10
| 2014-01-23
| [[File:Alexandre Ferdinand Nguendet VOA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8202995|Michel Djotodia]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2013-03-24
| 2014-01-10
| [[File:Michel Djotodia in 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57452|François Bozizé]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2003-03-15
| 2013-03-24
| [[File:Francois Bozize.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q314524|Ange-Félix Patassé]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1993-10-22
| 2003-03-15
| [[File:Ange-Félix Patassé (cropped) in 2001.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q310883|André Kolingba]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1981-09-01
| 1993-10-22
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q310860|David Dacko]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1979-09-20
| 1981-09-01
| [[File:David Dacko 1962 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q162708|Jean-Bedel Bokassa]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q189988|Central African Empire]]''
| 1966-01-01
| 1976-12-04
| [[File:Bokassa portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q310860|David Dacko]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1960-08-14
| 1966-01-01
| [[File:David Dacko 1962 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Prime Ministers of Central African Republic</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9761</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130697</id>
      <parentid>123947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:18:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130697</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5481" sha1="g31xb1qouzm7sa5n2ihkt2fsys75ydg" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q16773091
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88310768|Félix Moloua]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2022-02-07
| 2026-05-12
| [[File:Felix Moloua.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107273326|Henri-Marie Dondra]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2021-06-15
| 2022-02-07
| [[File:PMDondra.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61889435|Firmin Ngrébada]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2019-02-25
| 2021-06-15
| [[File:NgrebadaFirmin.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23729455|Simplice Sarandji]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2016-04-02
| 2019-02-22
| [[File:CAR Prime Minister Simplice Mathieu Sarandji in Bangui 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17497078|Mahamat Kamoun]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2014-08-10
| 2016-04-02
| [[File:Mahamat Kamoun (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15652682|André Nzapayeké]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2014-01-25
| 2014-08-10
| [[File:André Nzapayéké 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277446|Nicolas Tiangaye]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2013-02-03
| 2014-01-10
| [[File:Nicolas Tiangaye VOA.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57758|Faustin-Archange Touadéra]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2008-01-22
| 2013-01-17
| [[File:Visit of Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President of the Central African Republic, to the European Commission (P067074-430913, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q274641|Élie Doté]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2005-06-13
| 2008-01-18
| [[File:Elie Dote.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1150346|Célestin Gaombalet]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2003-12-12
| 2005-06-11
| [[File:CGaombalet.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q318433|Abel Goumba]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 2003-03-15
| 2003-12-11
| [[File:AbelGoumba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1648403|Martin Ziguélé]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2001-04-01
| 2003-03-15
| [[File:Martin ZIGUELE.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q546278|Anicet-Georges Dologuélé]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1999-01-04
| 2001-04-01
| [[File:Anicet Georges Dologuele 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1930736|Michel Gbezera-Bria]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1997-01-30
| 1999-01-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58276|Jean-Paul Ngoupandé]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1996-06-06
| 1997-01-30
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1489357|Gabriel Koyambounou]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1995-04-12
| 1996-06-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1685015|Jean-Luc Mandaba]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1993-10-25
| 1995-04-12
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5379287|Enoch Derant Lakoué]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1993-02-26
| 1993-10-25
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q717935|Timothée Malendoma]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1992-12-04
| 1993-02-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1287557|Édouard Frank]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1991-03-15
| 1992-12-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1386444|Simon Narcisse Bozanga]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1981-04-04
| 1981-09-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1685227|Jean-Pierre Lebouder]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1980-11-12
| 1981-04-03
| [[File:Lebouder.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q822264|Bernard Ayandho]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1979-09-26
| 1980-08-22
| [[File:Bernard Ayandho.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q717896|Henri Maïdou]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1978-07-14
| 1979-09-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q314524|Ange-Félix Patassé]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1976-01-01
| 1978-01-01
| [[File:Ange-Félix Patassé (cropped) in 2001.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q291555|Elisabeth Domitien]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1975-01-02
| 1976-04-07
| [[File:Elisabeth Domitien.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q310860|David Dacko]]''
| usombusazwe, i-Central African Republic
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1959-05-01
| 1960-08-14
| [[File:David Dacko 1962 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q318433|Abel Goumba]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1959-03-30
| 1959-04-30
| [[File:AbelGoumba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q346690|Barthélemy Boganda]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 1958-12-08
| 1959-03-29
| [[File:Barthélemy Boganda in 1958.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>g31xb1qouzm7sa5n2ihkt2fsys75ydg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of the Comoros</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130534</id>
      <parentid>126250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:36:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130534</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4037" sha1="3efxm8564a8wlxfp7i0r3tv2gb6s2s7" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q28015452
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
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|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515602|Azali Assoumani]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2019-05-26
| 
| [[File:Azali Assoumani in New York City on September 19, 2023 - 53199606411 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28370112|Moustadroine Abdou]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2019-02-13
| 2019-04-03
| [[File:M. Moustadroine Abdou (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515602|Azali Assoumani]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2016-05-26
| 2019-02-03
| [[File:Azali Assoumani in New York City on September 19, 2023 - 53199606411 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57458|Ikililou Dhoinine]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2011-05-26
| 2016-05-26
| [[File:Ikililou Dhoinine 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q311129|Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2006-05-26
| 2011-05-26
| [[File:Sambialone17 07 08.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3111209|Hamada Madi]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2002-01-21
| 2002-05-26
| [[File:Hamada Madi 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515602|Azali Assoumani]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2001-05-26
| 2006-05-26
| [[File:Azali Assoumani in New York City on September 19, 2023 - 53199606411 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515602|Azali Assoumani]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1999-04-30
| 2001-01-21
| [[File:Azali Assoumani in New York City on September 19, 2023 - 53199606411 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q888853|Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1998-11-06
| 1999-04-30
| [[File:Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde illustration.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q888837|Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1996-03-25
| 1998-11-06
| [[File:Président TAKI.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q888465|Said Mohamed Djohar]]''
| umehluleli, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1996-01-26
| 1996-03-25
| [[File:Said Mohamed Djohar - 1991.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1024670|Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1995-10-05
| 1996-01-26
| [[File:Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24950569|Said Ali Kemal]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1995-10-02
| 1995-10-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2985091|Combo Ayouba]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1995-09-29
| 1995-10-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q888465|Said Mohamed Djohar]]''
| umehluleli, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1989-11-27
| 1995-09-29
| [[File:Said Mohamed Djohar - 1991.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q889112|Haribon Chebani]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1989-11-26
| 1989-11-27
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3511006|Mohamed Ahmed]]''
| usombusazwe, IFulansi
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1978-05-23
| 1978-10-03
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q401076|Ahmed Abdallah]]''
| usombusazwe, IFulansi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1978-05-23
| 1989-11-26
| [[File:Ahmed Abdallah illustration.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7399877|Said Atthoumani]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1978-05-13
| 1978-05-23
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q878868|Ali Soilih]]''
| usombusazwe, IsiKhomorosi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 1976-01-03
| 1978-05-13
| [[File:Ali Soilih illustration.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3173401|Said Mohamed Jaffar]]''
| usombusazwe, IFulansi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1975-08-03
| 1976-01-03
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q401076|Ahmed Abdallah]]''
| usombusazwe, IFulansi
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1975-07-06
| 1975-08-03
| [[File:Ahmed Abdallah illustration.png|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>3efxm8564a8wlxfp7i0r3tv2gb6s2s7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Assembly of the Union of the Comoros</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9770</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130771</id>
      <parentid>124202</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:22:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130771</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1374" sha1="eba9jfrcgay0fpem74p9c2g9yat23sm" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q21328589
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
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|section=
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|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106088222|Ladaenti Houmadi]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2020-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106088088|Hayda Nourdine Sidi]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2020-01-01
| 
| [[File:Hayda Nourdine Sidi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106088062|Chamina Ben Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2020-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113555299|Dhoihir Dhoulkamal]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2015-01-01
| 
| [[File:Dhoihir Dhoulkamal.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104835826|Hadjira Oumouri]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2020-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24930192|Mohamed Ali Soilihi]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2010-01-13
| 2011-05-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q855447|Bianrifi Tarmidi]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 2009-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891134|Mohamed Djaanfari]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5285372|Djoueria Abdallah]]''
| 
| [[IsiKhomorosi]]
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>eba9jfrcgay0fpem74p9c2g9yat23sm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of the Congo</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9785</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130647</id>
      <parentid>126905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:45:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130647</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66157" sha1="kyo9wwyi8lt3dh7of4ku0nfx1j2i9kv" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q21295980
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139669435|Prince Bertrand Bahamboula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2022-08-01
| 
| [[File:Prince Bertrand Bahamboula 16 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568523|Oscar Otoka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-08-19
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61600532|Inès Nefer Ingani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-08-19
| 
| [[File:Inès Nefer Ingani (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379869|Aimé Ange Wilfrid Bininga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-08-19
| 
| [[File:Aimé Ange Wilfrid Bininga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24158913|Léonidas Mottom]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-08-19
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568463|Jeremih Sylvain Lissouba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-07-16
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48778190|Destinée Ermela Doukaga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2017-07-15
| 2022-07-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893697|Bernard Tchibambelela]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2012-01-01
| 2017-01-01
| [[File:Bernard tchibambelela.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15046890|Jean-Claude Gakosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2007-08-31
| 2017-08-19
| [[File:Jean-Claude Gakosso - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3121597|Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2007-01-01
| 2021-03-22
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5715430|Henri Djombo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2002-01-01
| 
| [[File:Henri Djombo - Salon du livre de Paris 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112399|Joseph Kignoumbi Kia Mboungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 2002-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7141729|Pascal Tsaty Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1992-01-01
| 
| [[File:Pascal Tsaty Mabiala pour Madingou (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6787108|Mathias Dzon]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1992-01-01
| 2002-01-01
| [[File:Mathias Dzon - 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493295|François Ibovi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1992-01-01
| 2012-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138049438|Marie-Joseph Leko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1959-01-01
| http://www.wikidata.org/.well-known/genid/11f3215a3a03cc1138992c47cd4da04c
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661238|Daniel Zoula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661237|Luc Sylvain Yoba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661236|Jean Baptiste Yeke Kokolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661235|Nicodème Yandza]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661234|Norbert Yaca]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661233|Narcisse Sédar Tsana Banzouzi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661232|Jean Aimé Tchibota Taty]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661231|Richard Pounga Ebouangoy]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661230|Angélique Paraiso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661229|Georges Ouavelakedi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661227|François Ondaye Akiera]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661226|Christophe Oko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661225|Nicolas Nkouli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661224|Gervais Ngatse-Ngouembe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661223|Ida Victorine Ngampolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661222|Pierre Ngaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661221|Jean Claude Moussavou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661220|Jean Baptiste Moussa Moukandat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661219|Jacques Mouanda Mpassi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661218|Ralcoh Mouanda Kitsinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661217|Donatien R. Mouanda Kitsinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661216|Clément Mouanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661215|Augustin Monaphy]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661214|Martin Mitsingou Poumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661213|Bernard Missamou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661212|Albert Symphorien Mboussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661210|Adolphe Mbou Maba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661209|Abraham Mbossa Akandze]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661208|Flavien Mbela]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661207|Adolphe Mbalawa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661206|Auguste Mayili]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661205|Claude Etienne Massimba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661204|Abel Massengo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661203|Jean Pierre Mahoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661202|Jean Pierre Magnoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661201|Jean Lounana Kouta]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661199|Alphonse Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661198|Adrienne Kosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661197|Fidèle Kekolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661196|Edouard Kedi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661195|Hébert Kakoula Kady]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661194|Emmanuel Itoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661193|Raymond Ibeaho-Bouya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661192|Jean Eyenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661191|Albert Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661190|Marie Elaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661189|Richard Ebouangoy Pounga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661188|Maurice Ebale]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661187|Pierre Dombo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661186|Célestin Medouzel]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661185|Joachim Bongbele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661184|Bita-Madzou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661182|Zacharie Bakana]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661181|Jem Ayoulove]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112661180|Philippe Assama]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660265|Mélanie Sondjo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660262|Obambi Ondaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660259|Bernard Mbassi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660258|Godefroy Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660256|Joseph Mana Kouakoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660255|Yvon Roger Kouebe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660254|Jean Kaba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660253|Norbert Iboko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660250|Raymond Ebounda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660247|Jacques Bombet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660246|Philippes Célestin Bokondo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660244|Pierre Bakoli Bayack]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660126|Joseph Adam Boussou Diangou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112660125|Emmanuel Boungouanza]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655072|Norbert Constant Zaba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655070|Abraham Soko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655068|Micheline Potignon]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655068|Micheline Potignon]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655067|Daniel Pea]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655067|Daniel Pea]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655066|Emille Ouosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655066|Emille Ouosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655066|Emille Ouosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655065|Séraphin Onsouene]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655065|Séraphin Onsouene]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655063|Lambert Okoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655062|Lucie Oba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655059|Jean Gilbert Nitou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655059|Jean Gilbert Nitou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655058|Dominique Nimi Madingou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655056|Fidèle Ngouaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655056|Fidèle Ngouaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655055|Gaston Ndivili]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655055|Gaston Ndivili]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655053|Nguimbi Piere Michel]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655049|Rodrigue Arsène Mouyecket]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655047|Jean Bernard Moussodia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655046|Henri Mouleké]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655045|Jean Claude Mouanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655044|Jacques Motto]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655040|Paul Miénahata]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655039|Dieudonné Missié]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655038|Daniel Mboyi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655037|Raoul Mboungou Nzoumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655036|Stevy Etienne Mayela]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655035|Jean-Paul Matsima]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655034|Jean Matamaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655033|Enoch Matabouna]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655032|Joseph Mapengo Ganongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655032|Joseph Mapengo Ganongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655031|Darius Makaya Zassi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655028|André Fortuné Louzitou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655028|André Fortuné Louzitou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655027|Mathias Raymond Loukoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655026|Jean Toussaint Loemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655025|Jean Alexis Legernare]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655022|André Kissangui]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655021|Boniface Kiminou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655019|Patrice Kadia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655019|Patrice Kadia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655017|Martial De-Paul Ikounga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655016|Serge Victor Ignoumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655015|Jean Claude Dieudonné Hemilombolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655012|Antoinette Ganongo Olou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655011|Eric Dékambi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655010|Prosper Diatoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655008|Emmanuel Bété-Siba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655007|Prosper Bouétoubassa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655006|Serge César Bouya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655005|Auguste Boussoukou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655004|Jean Richard Bongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655002|Ambroise Bayakissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655001|Dominique Basseyla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dominique Basseyila.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655001|Dominique Basseyla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dominique Basseyila.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112655000|Daniel Baloubouka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570942|Victor Foudi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570940|Théophile Adoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570934|Paul Stanislas Nguié]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570934|Paul Stanislas Nguié]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570931|Bernadette Ondaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570931|Bernadette Ondaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570930|Emilienne Charlotte Lékoundzou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570916|Jean Serge Kentoula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570914|Jean Rodrigue Mvouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112570911|Georges Métoul]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568842|Jean Tseke Moukila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568839|Louis Soussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568839|Louis Soussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568839|Louis Soussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568838|Jean Sibaly]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568838|Jean Sibaly]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568835|Jean Daniel Ovaga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568833|Jean Claude Ollingo Oniangue]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568832|Roger Edouard Okoula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568832|Roger Edouard Okoula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568830|Handel Laury Nzengui Mombo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568829|Jean Marie Nsonde]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568827|Charles David Ngoubili]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568827|Charles David Ngoubili]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568826|Ulrich Ngoma Mboungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568822|Placide Moudoudou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568821|Claude Abraham Milandou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568821|Claude Abraham Milandou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568821|Claude Abraham Milandou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568820|Damien Miakassissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568819|Jean Michel Mavoungou-Ngot]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568819|Jean Michel Mavoungou-Ngot]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568818|Mabio Mavoungou Zinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568818|Mabio Mavoungou Zinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568817|Jean Baptiste Mavoungou Makaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568816|Gerry Gerard Mangondo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568815|Philibert Malonga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568814|Jean Jacques Malanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568813|Yves Bernard Mahoungou Masila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568813|Yves Bernard Mahoungou Masila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568813|Yves Bernard Mahoungou Masila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568812|Andre Emile Mabonzo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568812|Andre Emile Mabonzo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568811|Loussakou Francois]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568810|Jean Louela Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568808|Veronique Loembet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568807|Delphin Loembet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568806|Marcel Leouobo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568806|Marcel Leouobo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568806|Marcel Leouobo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568805|Dieudonne Lengoma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568802|Alphonse Koua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568801|Laurent Kollo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568801|Laurent Kollo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568800|Alphonse Kitombo Ngoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568800|Alphonse Kitombo Ngoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568800|Alphonse Kitombo Ngoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568799|Amedee Kiloemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568798|Hilaire Epiphane Kidzie]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568798|Hilaire Epiphane Kidzie]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568797|Hyacinthe Ingani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568797|Hyacinthe Ingani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568796|Ibrahim Diawara]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568794|Alphonsine Ibeyabo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568794|Alphonsine Ibeyabo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568792|Guy Timothee Gantsio Ngambou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568792|Guy Timothee Gantsio Ngambou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568791|Guillaume Foutou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568790|Tanguy Jastel Fouemina]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568789|Isabelle Marthe Fila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568789|Isabelle Marthe Fila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568786|Julien Epola]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568785|Edith Ebourefe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568783|Jean Marie Bopoumbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568783|Jean Marie Bopoumbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568783|Jean Marie Bopoumbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568782|Raymond Bongo Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568782|Raymond Bongo Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568781|Bernard Claude Auge Bongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568780|Gabriel Bizonzi Nouny]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568779|Jean Marie Batheas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568779|Jean Marie Batheas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568779|Jean Marie Batheas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568778|Pierre Bassouama]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568776|Pierre Symphorien Aniaba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568776|Pierre Symphorien Aniaba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568775|Philippe Ampion]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568775|Philippe Ampion]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568775|Philippe Ampion]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568543|Henri Zoniaba Ayimessone]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568543|Henri Zoniaba Ayimessone]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568541|Bienvenu Victor Zamba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568540|Yves Tsoumou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568539|Adrien Tsoumou Moukassa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568539|Adrien Tsoumou Moukassa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568537|Jean Appolinaire Tsiba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568536|Marie Louise Tono]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568536|Marie Louise Tono]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568536|Marie Louise Tono]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568533|Laurent Tengo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568533|Laurent Tengo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568533|Laurent Tengo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568532|Paul Gilbert Tchignoumba Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568532|Paul Gilbert Tchignoumba Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568532|Paul Gilbert Tchignoumba Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568531|Jean Sybali]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568530|Jean Aimé Sounda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568529|Hyppolite Seko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568528|Sylvain Samba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568527|Germaine Pambou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568526|Jules Junior Romy Oyo Embounou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568525|Abel Jo Owassa Yaucka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568525|Abel Jo Owassa Yaucka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568524|Saturnin Otsaleyoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568521|Bernadette Ondze]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568521|Bernadette Ondze]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568520|Dominique Ondze]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568519|Evariste Ondongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568518|Jaurès Ondele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568517|Maixent Raoul Ominga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568516|Michel Okoueni]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568515|Ulriche N'Goma Mboukou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568512|Macaire Nzomono]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568511|André Nyanga Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568511|André Nyanga Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568510|Marianne Nkounka Mananga Yogo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568510|Marianne Nkounka Mananga Yogo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568509|Jean Nkouka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568508|Gaétan Nkodia Kynd]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568508|Gaétan Nkodia Kynd]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568508|Gaétan Nkodia Kynd]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568503|Golfe Ngozok Misseka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568502|Boniface Ngoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568501|Antoine Ngoula]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568500|Denis Auguste Marie Ngokana]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568500|Denis Auguste Marie Ngokana]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568499|Alphonse Ngatsele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568498|Bersol Exaucé Ngambili Ibam]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568497|Auguste Ngabelet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568496|François Ndouna]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568495|Accel Arnaud Ndinga Makanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568495|Accel Arnaud Ndinga Makanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568495|Accel Arnaud Ndinga Makanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568494|Christophe Ndiki Mampaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568493|David Benoit Mouhoumounou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568492|Serge Hubert Mouele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568492|Serge Hubert Mouele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568492|Serge Hubert Mouele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568491|Pierre Mouandza]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568490|Jean Jacques Mouanda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568489|Aimé Hydevert Mouagni]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568489|Aimé Hydevert Mouagni]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568487|Juste Désiré Mondele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568486|Zacharie Mokemo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568485|Marien Mobondzo Endzonga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568484|Pierre Christian Minda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568483|Josué Mihambou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568482|Stella Mensah]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568481|Michel Mboussi Ngouari]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568478|Albert Mbouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568478|Albert Mbouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568478|Albert Mbouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568478|Albert Mbouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568477|Joseph Mbossa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568476|Eugene Mbanzoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568476|Eugene Mbanzoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568475|Jean Valère Mbani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568474|Jean Antoine Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568473|Préference Gérald Matsima Kimbembe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:PGMK.webp|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568471|Paul Matombe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568470|Venance Mania]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568470|Venance Mania]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568470|Venance Mania]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568469|Ferdinand Mamona]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568468|Olga Clarisse Mambouo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568467|Nicolas Jean Jacques Malonga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568466|Christian Ernest Makosso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568465|Alexandre Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568465|Alexandre Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568464|Simon Litengo Kongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568463|Jeremih Sylvain Lissouba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568430|Pascal Alain Leyinda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568430|Pascal Alain Leyinda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568429|Claudia Lemboumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568429|Claudia Lemboumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568428|Justice Lalissini Bikindou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568427|Jean De Dieu Kourissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568427|Jean De Dieu Kourissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568427|Jean De Dieu Kourissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568426|Marie Jeanne Kouloumbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568425|Régis Joseph Kibozi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568424|Jean Bruno Kanga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568423|Suzanne Kaba Vele]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568422|Théodore Ikemou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568421|Jean Pierre Ibombo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568420|Felix Ibara Ndeli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568420|Felix Ibara Ndeli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568420|Felix Ibara Ndeli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568420|Felix Ibara Ndeli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568419|Thierry Hobie]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568419|Thierry Hobie]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568419|Thierry Hobie]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568418|Ninon Pachel Gouamba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568417|Ferrol Constant Patrick Gassackys]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568416|Ghyslain Millet Galibali]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568415|Faustin Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568415|Faustin Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568415|Faustin Elenga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568414|José Cyr Adélard Ebina]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568413|Virginie Euphrasie Dolama]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568412|Samuel Dilou Ngoma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568411|Adélaïde Rufine Chisso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568409|Bonaventure Boudzika]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568407|Baccer Bongouambe Molobo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568406|Gabriel Bokoumaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568406|Gabriel Bokoumaka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568405|Jean Bruno Biyot]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568404|Alois Devic Bissouta Mabonda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568403|Alphonse Bidounga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568402|Placide Helb Bidie Biambemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568401|Brice Dimitri Bayendissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568400|Gabriel Batchi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568399|Gerald Lone Bambi Goma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568398|Blaise Ambeto]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568398|Blaise Ambeto]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568397|Alexandre Aloumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112568207|Raphael Andamoui]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112321267|Simon Mfoutou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112321264|Rigobert Maboundou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112321258|Marcel Mbani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112321250|Gabriel Longobe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112321250|Gabriel Longobe]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106366290|Honoré Sayi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Honoré Sayi - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106366290|Honoré Sayi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Honoré Sayi - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105763582|Blandine Nianga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105756339|Charlotte Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105756339|Charlotte Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105756339|Charlotte Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105755868|Antoinette Tielé Gambia Olou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105755868|Antoinette Tielé Gambia Olou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94285488|Digne Elvis Okombi Tsalissan]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Digne Elvis Tsalissan Okombi.webp|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65158671|Antoine Bienaimé Obam'Ondon]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Antoine Bienaimé Obam'Ondon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64398239|Ferréol Gassackys]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ferréol 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61729121|Jean-François Kando]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61729121|Jean-François Kando]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57464277|Nicéphore Fylla de Saint-Eudes]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57464277|Nicéphore Fylla de Saint-Eudes]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57069711|Charles Nganfouomo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55807584|Josué Rodrigue Ngouonimba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55807584|Josué Rodrigue Ngouonimba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379869|Aimé Ange Wilfrid Bininga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aimé Ange Wilfrid Bininga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48778049|Pierre Obambi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Obambi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46550904|Jean Dello]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean Dello.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30728059|Julien Francis Moufonda]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26689539|Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26689539|Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26689539|Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean-Marc Thystère-Tchicaya, 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25695110|Léon Raphaël Mokoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Léon Raphaël Mokoko (20 April 2015) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25695110|Léon Raphaël Mokoko]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Léon Raphaël Mokoko (20 April 2015) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23928873|Clément Mouamba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Clément Mouamba - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21007638|Julien Makoundi Tchibinda]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21007638|Julien Makoundi Tchibinda]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19819308|Thierry Moungalla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Thierry Moungalla (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19819308|Thierry Moungalla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Thierry Moungalla (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17388560|Marcel Kalla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17388560|Marcel Kalla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17388560|Marcel Kalla]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17111062|René-Dambert Ndouane]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17111062|René-Dambert Ndouane]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17111062|René-Dambert Ndouane]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17110704|Jean-Didace Médard Moussodia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17110704|Jean-Didace Médard Moussodia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17110704|Jean-Didace Médard Moussodia]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16951225|Benoît Bati]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16951225|Benoît Bati]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16951225|Benoît Bati]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16951225|Benoît Bati]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16886205|Joseph Tsalabiendzé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16873364|Raymond Isaac Follo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16873364|Raymond Isaac Follo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733553|Serge Blanchard Oba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733553|Serge Blanchard Oba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730014|Jean-Claude Ibovi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730014|Jean-Claude Ibovi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16730014|Jean-Claude Ibovi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727600|Roland Bouiti-Viaudo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727600|Roland Bouiti-Viaudo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727600|Roland Bouiti-Viaudo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727600|Roland Bouiti-Viaudo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727600|Roland Bouiti-Viaudo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727513|Michel Bidimbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727513|Michel Bidimbou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16673607|Jean-Pierre Makouta-Mboukou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16204260|Alexis Ndinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16204260|Alexis Ndinga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16191165|Fernand Sabaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16191165|Fernand Sabaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16191165|Fernand Sabaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16191165|Fernand Sabaye]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16190965|Henri Ossébi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Henri Ossébi, ABr 1150GB0017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16190965|Henri Ossébi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Henri Ossébi, ABr 1150GB0017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8022581|Willy Matsanga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8022581|Willy Matsanga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660858|Sylvestre Ossiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660858|Sylvestre Ossiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660858|Sylvestre Ossiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7630018|Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7453340|Serge Michel Odzoki]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Serge Michel Odzoki - July 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7453340|Serge Michel Odzoki]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Serge Michel Odzoki - July 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7453340|Serge Michel Odzoki]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Serge Michel Odzoki - July 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299001|Raymond Mboulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Mboulou, July 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299001|Raymond Mboulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Mboulou, July 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299001|Raymond Mboulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Mboulou, July 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299001|Raymond Mboulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Mboulou, July 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192397|Pierre Passi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192384|Pierre Nzila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192384|Pierre Nzila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192384|Pierre Nzila]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192379|Pierre Ngolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Ngolo - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192379|Pierre Ngolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Ngolo - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192379|Pierre Ngolo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Ngolo - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192339|Pierre Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Mabiala 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192339|Pierre Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Mabiala 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192339|Pierre Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Mabiala 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192163|Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7192163|Pierre Damien Boussoukou-Boumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7191981|Pierre-Ernest Abandzounou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6950074|Mélanie Komzo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793338|Maurice Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793338|Maurice Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793338|Maurice Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793338|Maurice Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6774710|Martial Mathieu Kani]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745366|Mamadou Kamara Dékamo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711024|Léon-Alfred Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711024|Léon-Alfred Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711024|Léon-Alfred Opimbat]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6695723|Luc Adamo Matéta]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6688406|Louis Zatonga]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6482763|Lamyr Nguélé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lamyr Nguélé - July 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6317789|Justin Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6317789|Justin Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6317789|Justin Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6317789|Justin Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6281268|Joseph Badiabio]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6281268|Joseph Badiabio]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6281268|Joseph Badiabio]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6172056|Jeanne Dambendzet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6172056|Jeanne Dambendzet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6172056|Jeanne Dambendzet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169929|Jean-Pierre Lékoba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169929|Jean-Pierre Lékoba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169679|Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169668|Jean-Martin Mbemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169668|Jean-Martin Mbemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169668|Jean-Martin Mbemba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169656|Jean-Marie Tassoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean Marie Tassoua, 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169352|Jean-Jacques Bouya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169352|Jean-Jacques Bouya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169165|Jean-Claude Siapa Ivouloungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169165|Jean-Claude Siapa Ivouloungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169165|Jean-Claude Siapa Ivouloungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5625984|Gérard Bitsindou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5625984|Gérard Bitsindou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5561139|Gilbert Ondongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Congolese Finance Minister (6498524327) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5561139|Gilbert Ondongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Congolese Finance Minister (6498524327) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515899|Gabriel Valère Eteka Yemet]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515770|Gabriel Oba-Apounou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515770|Gabriel Oba-Apounou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515546|Gabriel Bokilo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gabriel Bokilo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5515546|Gabriel Bokilo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gabriel Bokilo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5452128|Firmin Ayessa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Firmin Ayessa - 2018 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5452128|Firmin Ayessa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Firmin Ayessa - 2018 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5452128|Firmin Ayessa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Firmin Ayessa - 2018 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5452128|Firmin Ayessa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Firmin Ayessa - 2018 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5409443|Euloge Landry Kolélas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Euloge Landry Kolélas - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5409443|Euloge Landry Kolélas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Euloge Landry Kolélas - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371792|Emilienne Raoul]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Émilienne Raoul - 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5129307|Claudine Munari]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Claudine Munari (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5129307|Claudine Munari]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Claudine Munari (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5129307|Claudine Munari]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Claudine Munari (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5128679|Claude Alphonse Nsilou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5128679|Claude Alphonse Nsilou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979263|Bruno Itoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979263|Bruno Itoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979263|Bruno Itoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4888314|Benjamin Bounkoulou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821030|Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821030|Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821030|Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821030|Auguste-Célestin Gongarad Nkoua]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4760022|André Okombi Salissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:André Okombi Salissa - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4760022|André Okombi Salissa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:André Okombi Salissa - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4720824|Alexandre Denguet Atiki]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4720824|Alexandre Denguet Atiki]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705682|Alain Moka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705682|Alain Moka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705682|Alain Moka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4705682|Alain Moka]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4686987|Adélaïde Moundélé-Ngollo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4686987|Adélaïde Moundélé-Ngollo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3588368|Emile Bongeli]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3557597|Victor Tamba-Tamba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3438286|Rodolphe Adada]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rodolphe Adada - 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3438286|Rodolphe Adada]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Rodolphe Adada - 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3386379|Pierre Moussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Moussa, President of the Commission of the CEMAC - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3386379|Pierre Moussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Moussa, President of the Commission of the CEMAC - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3386379|Pierre Moussa]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pierre Moussa, President of the Commission of the CEMAC - 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3383396|Pierre-Michel Nguimbi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295579|Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Coussoud-Mavoungou - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295579|Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Coussoud-Mavoungou - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295579|Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Coussoud-Mavoungou - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3295579|Martin Parfait Aimé Coussoud-Mavoungou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Coussoud-Mavoungou - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3229259|Justin Lekoundzou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3229259|Justin Lekoundzou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3229259|Justin Lekoundzou]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169789|Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169789|Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169789|Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142653|Hugues Ngouelondélé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142653|Hugues Ngouelondélé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142653|Hugues Ngouelondélé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3142653|Hugues Ngouelondélé]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3085455|François Nguimbi]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022596|Denis-Christel Sassou Nguesso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3022596|Denis-Christel Sassou Nguesso]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Denis Christel Sassou Nguesso - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1541759|Jean-Baptiste Tati-Loutard]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tati-Loutard.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1541759|Jean-Baptiste Tati-Loutard]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tati-Loutard.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q767085|Bernard Kolélas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q767085|Bernard Kolélas]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q740438|Alphonse Massamba-Débat]]''
| usombusazwe, IRiphabliki weKongo
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Stamp of Congo, Republic (Brazzaville) - 1965 - Colnect 675065 - Président Massamba Debat (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q521920|André Milongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Milongo3.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q521920|André Milongo]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Milongo3.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57890|Isidore Mvouba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Isidore Mvouba - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57890|Isidore Mvouba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Isidore Mvouba - 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>kyo9wwyi8lt3dh7of4ku0nfx1j2i9kv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Djibouti</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130652</id>
      <parentid>123287</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:53:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130652</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="824" sha1="li5v2vo82u3m9w4b85ci4vz9dbwf40c" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q19058485
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57390|Ismail Omar Guelleh]]''
| usombusazwe, IFulansi
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 1999-05-08
| 
| [[File:Ismail Omar Guelleh 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q297667|Hassan Gouled Aptidon]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1977-06-27
| 1999-05-08
| [[File:Hassan Gouled Aptidon.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>li5v2vo82u3m9w4b85ci4vz9dbwf40c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Prime Ministers of Djibouti</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9787</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130699</id>
      <parentid>122768</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:21:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130699</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1657" sha1="4a60o0maau1t6nrjgcl2gsix2x0ng8k" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q30100591
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10522744|Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 2013-04-01
| 
| [[File:Djiboutian PM Mohamed at the MOD 2019 (1) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57683|Dileita Mohamed Dileita]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 2001-03-07
| 2013-04-01
| [[File:Dileita Mohamed Dileita detail 090114-F-3682S-269.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q727071|Barkat Gourad Hamadou]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1978-10-02
| 2001-03-07
| [[File:Barakat Hamadou Prime Minister.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2820935|Abdallah Mohamed Kamil]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 1978-02-05
| 1978-10-02
| [[File:AMK64-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q401214|Ahmed Dini Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 1977-07-12
| 1978-02-05
| [[File:Dini.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q297667|Hassan Gouled Aptidon]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 1977-06-27
| 1977-07-12
| [[File:Hassan Gouled Aptidon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2836105|Ali Aref Bourhan]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:14.5.71. Régine Soulé et Ali Aref la veille de leur fiançailles à Carcassonne (1971) - 53Fi5639 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>4a60o0maau1t6nrjgcl2gsix2x0ng8k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Djibouti</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9788</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130628</id>
      <parentid>122638</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:53:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130628</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2087" sha1="9mf2zu18hwjrfh267smdoip51fsl63s" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q19252823
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16193066|Hasna Mohamed Dato]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 2003-01-01
| 2008-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27907150|Aïcha Mohamed Robleh]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7564454|Souleiman Miyir Ali]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891133|Mohamed Dini Farah]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891014|Mohamed Ali Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6890948|Mohamed Abdoulkader Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5989732|Idriss Arnaoud Ali]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4725025|Ali Mohamed Daoud]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695917|Ahmed Mohamed Hassan]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695772|Ahmed Boulaleh Barreh]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358119|Ougoureh Kifleh Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ougoureh Kifleh detail, 021211-D-2987S-053.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325941|Moumin Bahdon Farah]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2836075|Ali Abdi Farah]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q967740|Aden Robleh Awaleh]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aden Robleh Awaleh in 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q727071|Barkat Gourad Hamadou]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Barakat Hamadou Prime Minister.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57683|Dileita Mohamed Dileita]]''
| 
| [[IJibhuthi|IJibuthi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dileita Mohamed Dileita detail 090114-F-3682S-269.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>9mf2zu18hwjrfh267smdoip51fsl63s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the House of Peoples' Representatives of Ethiopia</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130768</id>
      <parentid>129801</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:15:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130768</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65849" sha1="jt4ldqtoiunp1v1dapev2zgd5lvvrgt" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q21328614
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571793|Tsedale Negere]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571791|Tigist Wuhib]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571788|Tigist Tadelle]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571779|Samira Yusufi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571776|Manahil Edris]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571773|Litifa A/Sanli]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571770|Jenet Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571766|Helimo Hesen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571763|Fetiya Ismo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571760|Fatuma Cafilo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571757|Eikram Adem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571754|Efrah Tofik]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571751|Dina Mufti]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571747|Azmera Andemo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571743|Aysha Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571740|Anesa Teshome]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571737|Amsale Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141571733|Abebu Demissie]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568006|Rukiya Argo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999465|Zamzam Ahmed Jama]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999082|Munira Hussen Hassen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998909|Kimia Jundi Hamdo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998824|Ifrah Towfik Aden]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998762|Genet Ketema Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998720|Fetiya Ahmed Shire]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998451|Ayan Ali Mussa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998383|Alemitu Umed Ujulu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998382|Alemitu Assefa Tunduro]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998380|Alemitu Abebe Atisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998357|Adanech Nashura Samago]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127038755|Shewit Shanka]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2021-01-01
| 2026-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568028|Zinet Abegaz]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568027|Zinash Kabato]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568026|Zeyneba Nasir]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568024|Zewditu Tonja]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568023|Yitayshe Abeje]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568022|Wudnesh Teklehaymanot]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568021|Worknesh Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568020|Woodnesh Kifle]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568019|Weubdar Imano]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568018|Tsige Berhanu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568017|Tsege Mekoya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568016|Tewabech Asfaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568015|Tegust Bayna]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568014|Tegust Alemayehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568013|Tadelech Kebede]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568012|Sofia Almamun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568011|Senayit Andarge]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568010|Sarah Abi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568009|Salia Abanega]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568008|Sabha Abbas]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568007|Saada Kedir]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568006|Rukiya Argo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568005|Rukia Sayed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568004|Rihanna Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568003|Rawda Redi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568002|Nouria Bamuud]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568001|Netush Alem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568000|Neima Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567999|Neima Taju]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567998|Munteha Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567997|Mulunesh Mekonnen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567996|Momina Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567995|Mesrake Mekonnen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567994|Meslech Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567993|Meslech Wedajo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567992|Martha Targadaki]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567991|Marifa Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567990|Mamit Tesfay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567989|Kefelech Donboba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567988|Kasanesh Addis]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567987|Iftu Tofiq]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567986|Hiwot Hadush]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567985|Hawa Abamecha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567984|Hamzia Jamal]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567983|Halima Feki]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567982|Halia Shifa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567981|Gibaynesh Negash]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567980|Genet Abdella]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567979|Genet Beyene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567978|Genet Abate]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567977|Genet Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567976|Furdosa Shemsuddin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567975|Frehiwot Ayalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567974|Franesh Mekuria]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567973|Fethia Yusuf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567821|Zenebech Yadete Wake]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567781|Yeshiemebet Negash]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567759|Tewabech Lankamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567735|Tadelech Dalacho Dando]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567359|Rawda Redi Hassen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567256|Rabia Issa Binegde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141565445|Kebebush Hameso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141565163|Fatuma Ahmed Yusuf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141565127|Fatuma Abdullah]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141565096|Fanaye Tefera Yilma]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564877|Etsegenet Beyene Mehrete]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564496|Etefelwork Endris Zewdu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564482|Ereknesh Balcha Yohannes]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564466|Emebet Getahun Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564458|Elfnesh Yebio Haile]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564434|Ehtenesh Shibeno Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564429|Buzunesh Kake Tagesu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564422|Birtukan Wolde Sebsba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564415|Birnesh Abraha Abay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564411|Belaynesh Wake Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564396|Belaynesh Qelbesa Garuma]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564389|Belaynesh Gebremariam Teklai]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564188|Ayelech Eshetu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564179|Aster Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564176|Askal Tessema Tilahun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564174|Asha Almin Ismail]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564169|Aselefech Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561242|Almaz Araya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561232|Alemtsehay Paulos]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561206|Adanech Brue Desalegn]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561183|Abonesh Areno Mosisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561135|Abaynesh Shika Munda]]''
| 
| 
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561114|Aberash Admasu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136203371|Zenebu Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135180465|Shitaye Minale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998909|Kimia Jundi Hamdo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131742999|Muna Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16731899|Aster Mamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| [[File:Aster Mamo Ethiopia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4832330|Azeb Mesfin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| [[File:Azeb Mesfin in 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3453120|Rukiya Uke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3440848|Roman Gebre Selassie]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2894082|Bekelech Feye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2015-01-01
| 2021-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568503|Zeituna Taha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568502|Zahra Mustafa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568501|Yeshiharug Beyene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568500|Worknesh Woldeyesus]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568499|Worknesh Weju]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568498|Tadelech Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568497|Rihanna Aman]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568496|Ngisst Haysh]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568495|Nakia Ankosia]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568494|Lula Jebril]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568493|Lubaba Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568492|Kidist Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568491|Kebush Kaka]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568490|Habiba Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568489|Genet Bedasso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568486|Fekiya Awel]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568485|Ergbnesh Muluneh]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568484|Elsa Tesfay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568483|Birtukan Grey]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568482|Belaynesh Isaac]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568481|Bayush Ugunih]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568479|Asnakech Balcha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568478|Asmarech Haile]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568477|Aregash Aisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568476|Angwach Desalegn]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568475|Amarech Debebe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568474|Alfiya Abdurahman]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568473|Alemitu Tegene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568470|Aisha Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568468|Aberash Ilgo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568453|Werqnesh Waryo Safayo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568381|Lemlem Hadgu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568295|Askale Lema]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568027|Zinash Kabato]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568016|Tewabech Asfaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568011|Senayit Andarge]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568005|Rukia Sayed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568000|Neima Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567993|Meslech Wedajo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567990|Mamit Tesfay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567988|Kasanesh Addis]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567986|Hiwot Hadush]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567977|Genet Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567973|Fethia Yusuf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567759|Tewabech Lankamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567256|Rabia Issa Binegde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141565127|Fatuma Abdullah]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564422|Birtukan Wolde Sebsba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564188|Ayelech Eshetu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564179|Aster Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564176|Askal Tessema Tilahun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564169|Aselefech Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564150|Q141564150]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561363|Amarech Melede Tassew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561355|Amarech Adola]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561242|Almaz Araya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141561183|Abonesh Areno Mosisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135181485|Gifty Abasiya Ababulgu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135180465|Shitaye Minale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998762|Genet Ketema Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2010-01-01
| 2015-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570572|Tiruwork Yemer]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570571|Selamawit Emre]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570570|Qamra Kedir]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570568|Nuria Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570567|Misrak Aregash]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570563|Medina Buta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570562|Lubaba Ali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570561|Hirut Birasa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570560|Hasena Wola]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570559|Geneti Negasa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570558|Genet Atenaf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570557|Genet Birhanu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570553|Fatuma Umre]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570552|Etenesh Kebede]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570551|Beyenech Wata]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570550|Aster Donocho]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570548|Aster Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141570547|Asefash Tasew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568503|Zeituna Taha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568502|Zahra Mustafa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141568011|Senayit Andarge]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567993|Meslech Wedajo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141567977|Genet Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141564466|Emebet Getahun Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136203255|Genet Zewde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135180465|Shitaye Minale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115800832|Aregash Adane]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2010-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356741|Negasso Gidada]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2005-01-01
| 2019-01-01
| [[File:Negasso Gidada.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141412066|Fayima Jamal Abbamacca]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999661|Guled Ahmed Ali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999659|Halimo Mahamed Abdi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999657|Ahmed Shide Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999653|Wendemu Girma Tamrasha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999650|Goyeti Wancho Ayke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999647|Tekleweled Atnafu Ambula]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999644|Bekele Fole Sare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999642|Selamu Bulado Bukana]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999639|Desalegn Misa Wallasa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999636|Tiratu Beyene Biltu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999633|Geremew Garj Gidabo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999630|Million Mathewos Korsisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999627|Genene Gedebu Feleha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999624|Teshome Toga Cheneka]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999620|Tigist Tadele Atenafu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999617|Redwan Hussien Rameto]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999614|Terefe Tadesse Godi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999611|Alesa Mengesha Boko]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999608|Eyasu Kasa Ganjula]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999605|Gebeynesh Gizaw Yebo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999599|Eshetu Kebede Gichoro]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999597|Shisema Gebresilassie Weranga]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999594|Warquu Gaachanaa Nagarraa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999590|Umer Huseen Obaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999586|Adaalee Odaa Tooduwaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999583|Wogee Kufaa Buutee]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999579|Itoophiyaa Shaambal Damboobaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999575|Kuulanii Mahammad Abdullaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999573|Galaasaa Dilboo Goljaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999569|Obbo Guutaa Laachoree Caakkee]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999564|Miiliyoon Baqqalaa Damissee]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999560|Shurrubbee Gammadii Nunaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999555|Jamiilaa Simbiruu Tusaa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999551|Ababuu Damissee Kaamsuur]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999547|Bifto Mohammed Ibro]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999540|Binalf Andualem Ashenafi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999535|Asiya Qabdulkadir Barakat]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999531|Eyasu Elias Fantahun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999528|Wondimu Tekle Sigo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999524|Zadig Abreha Sharew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999520|Zinaye Negash Zemedu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999515|Zinash Tsegaye Kalo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999511|Zeyini Abose]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999507|Zewdu Tadesse Wondimkun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999504|Zewdenesh Tulu Gashe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999500|Zeritu Shiferaw Beyene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999496|Zemu Tesfaye Bendi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999494|Zemene Hailu Mekonnen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999490|Zelalem Tadesse Ayalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999485|Zelalem Melak Bogale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999481|Zekarias Erekola Yimamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999477|Zeineba Nura Bati]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999474|Zegeye Muluye Asres]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999469|Zara Mohammed Adana]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999466|Zara Biftu Nabi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999463|Yohannis Mesfin Gebeyehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999461|Yineger Dessie Belay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999458|Yiftu Gudisa Oshko]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999455|Yezina Mulati Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999452|Yezibalem Kasse Yismaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999449|Yeshimebrat Mersha Kasa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999446|Yeshimebet Demise Sewagegnehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999443|Yeshihasab Tsegaw Welelaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999439|Yeshi Muka Wakaye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999436|Yemengist Tsegaw Walelign]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999432|Yasmin Wehabrebi Seid]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999429|Wudalat Minwuye Bayih]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999425|Wubete Tadege Nibret]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999421|Worknesh Mohammed Hebiso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999417|Wondwosen Admase Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999412|Woldeyes Debebe Delki]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999408|Werksemu Mamo Mekonnen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999404|Werknesh Biru Bedasa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999401|Werkinesh Jemal Asfaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999398|Usman Surur Siraj]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999394|Usheto Hobicho Dabelo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999391|Usame Mohamed Muhumad]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999387|Ume Abdela Umer]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999384|Tsige Denboba Ayano]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999380|Tsehaynesh Gebre W / Michael]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999376|Tsehay Bekele Tafesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999370|Tseganesh Gamato Gamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999366|Tola Hailu Hunde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999363|Tiruaynet Temesgen Ayalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999359|Tilahun Tamirat Mulu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999355|Tigist Wuhib Tsega]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999352|Tidenek Guldu Tsedeke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999348|Tia Mio Arsawa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999343|Thomas Tut Pok]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999339|Tewbo Mihereit Molla]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999334|Tewachew Abebe Yimer]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999331|Teshome Wale Gesesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999327|Teshome Abdo Segni]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999324|Tesfaye Beljige Dara]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999319|Tesfaye Bangu Kacho]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999315|Tesfatsion Shuka Gadana]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999312|Tesfanesh W/Mariam Angi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999308|Tesfanesh Tefera Asres]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999304|Tesfahun Sisay Mengistu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999299|Tesfahun Simegn Kebede]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999295|Tesfahun Bogale Jember]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999290|Temesgen Ambachew Biresaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999286|Tegene Regassa Luba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999282|Tawfik Abdullahi Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999278|Tarke Daba Bobo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999275|Tana Gobena Fufa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999272|Talef Fitihawek Endeshaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999269|Tagese Chafo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999266|Tafesse Muleta Tesso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999262|Tadesse Getu Alemu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999259|Tadesse Beza Gebretsadik]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999256|Tadele Buraka Bushasha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999252|Suwerk Tafese Goshu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999248|Sumiya Desalew Mola]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999244|Sultan Ibrahim Abagisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999239|Sosna Getahun Azene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999236|Solomone Lale Kalo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999231|Solomon Soka Ginyarita]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999227|Solomon Kuchu Robi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999223|Siti Redwan Biza]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999221|Sintayehu Woldemichael Yohannes]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999216|Sintayehu Tilahun Abebe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999212|Simneshi Sahlu Teum]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999209|Shurube Gemedi Nuna]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999206|Shumi Ayano Guto]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999203|Shifera Telila Senbetu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999198|Seyid Mohammed Hussein]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999194|Sewasewi Tizazu Abate]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999191|Senait Asradew Kokebe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999188|Seleshi Bekele Awlachew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999184|Selamwit Dawit Kamase]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999182|Seid Nuru Ali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999179|Seharla Abdulahi Bahdon]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999176|Samuel Urkato Kurke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999173|Samira Yusuf Ibro]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999170|Sahlu Diribsa Mosisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999165|Sadiya Usman Sheka]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999158|Sadiya Temam Shifa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999152|Sadiya Aman Gerado]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999142|Sadik Adem Umer]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999140|Ruqiya Argo Wariyo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999138|Ruqiya Ali Kewo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999134|Rosa Omar Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999131|Rahmet Awel Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999128|Rahel Negero Gutu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999125|Qasim Kimo Kebelo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999123|Nurzeman Jibril Negewo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999120|Nikuse Mituku Gelaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999118|Nezif Zinab A/Lulessa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999115|Nesredin Abduelmusin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999112|Nemera Gebeyehu Mamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999111|Nejet Andorso Adem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999108|Nejat Girma Waqjira]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999104|Neima Usman Adem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999101|Negeri Lencho Bultum]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999098|Negasse Bayissa Dubiwak]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999095|Negash Bulala Abawalta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999092|Nefisa Almahadi Alakib]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999089|Nebiyat Tilahun Chaemiso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999086|Najaha Ahmed Abdullahi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999084|Muslim Rashid A / Gidi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999080|Muna Ali Yassin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999077|Mulunesh Lamore Ushe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999074|Muluken Assefa Jenebere]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999071|Muluken Admasu Emru]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999068|Mulu Yirga Sahele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999065|Mulat Telayneh Asrate]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999063|Mubarek Elias Mustefa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999061|Molla Feleke Desta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999058|Mohmmednur Ahmed Musa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999056|Mohamud Yusuf Mealin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999053|Mohammed Shikur Mussa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999052|Mohammed Mohammedkemal Ali Al-Arusi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999048|Mohammed Hassan Abu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999044|Mohammed Ahmed Musa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999040|Mohammed Ahmed Aliye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999037|Mohamed Musse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999035|Moges Balcha Gebremedhin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999032|Moga Ababulgu Abakebe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999029|Mitiknesh Cheleke Atsero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999028|Misganu Arga Mo'Och]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999025|Miretu Shanko Gidi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999022|Miraj Zekiyi Jemal]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999019|Meskerem Hailu Alula]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999016|Mesfin Erkabe Mirach]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999012|Mesfin Dagna Tafesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999009|Meseret Zelalem Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999008|Meseret Shiferaw Yadete]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999005|Meseret Mola Kassahun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999003|Meseret Mamo Gamuro]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999002|Meseret Madole Ebo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131999000|Meseret Haile Masresha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998998|Meseret Assefa Godana]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998996|Meselech Kewiso Kaye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998994|Merdia Aman Guye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998992|Melkias Ayele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998990|Melese Mana Gemeso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998988|Melaku Fenta Chay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998987|Mekdes Desta Jagare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998985|Mebrat Bacha Wakjira]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998982|Meaza Tigabe Alemu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998980|Meaza Assefa Ergete]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998977|Matema Mīka Galito]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998973|Mastewal Mekonen Siyeneh]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998970|Martha Lema Tulu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998967|Marta Liwji]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998964|Mamo Esmealem Mihretu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998961|Mahatme Haile Workeneh]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998959|Magartu Mohammed Aman]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998956|Maeza Asmare Abtew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998953|Lubaba Seyidi Legasi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998952|Lubaba Ibrahim Hassen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998946|Lobele Yhirano Baskwa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998942|Lidia Chali Argeta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998936|Letifa A/Sambi A/Gojam]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998933|Leta Tesfaye Jule]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998931|Lencho Ayala Bati]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998928|Lema Tessema Yimere]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998924|Lema Abera Hirpo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998922|Latifa A/Temam A/Gisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998919|Kumaale Gadisa Obse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998915|Kocheto G/Yesus Deneto]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998912|Kindiya Aycheluhm Atalay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998906|Kidist G/Hana Mirgoye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998903|Kidist Araya Tasew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998901|Kibnesh Shiferaw Robe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998898|Kemal Hashi Mohamoud]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998895|Kefena Ifa Delesa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998892|Kedja Yassin Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998889|Kedir Gena Abdulkadir]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998887|Kedir Edris Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998884|Kedir Adam Arero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998880|Kebede Genet Feyisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998877|Kasahun Jobir Gudeta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998875|Kamil Shemsu Siraj]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998874|Kamil Aliy Kasim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998867|Kalid Aba Mecha Haji]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998864|Kairedin Tezera Adera]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998860|Kaba Mebratu Dagne]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998857|Juhar Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998854|Jihad Nasser Abdu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998851|Jhon Amhed Abamilki]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998849|Jember Ayalneh Biru]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998846|Jemanesh W/Michael Wege]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998843|Jemal Abegaz Adem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998842|Jemal Abaso Ebu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998840|Jamal Ali Mumi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998837|Iyasu Salah Ganjura]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998834|Ishetu Gelan]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998830|Illubabor Buno Tesso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998825|Ikram Maid Adan]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998822|Ibsa Yusuf Hassan]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998820|Ibrahim Umar Aliyi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998819|Hiwot Mossisa Deresse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998817|Hirut W/Mariam Teketel]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998814|Hirut Kassaw Wondim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998811|Helina Akelew Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998809|Hayelo Gunefa Edosa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998807|Hayat Yusuf Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998804|Hassen Abdi Wali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998801|Hassan Muhamed Moali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998800|Hasna Hanfere]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998798|Hasen Shek Yusuf Abadulai]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998796|Haregwoin Yimer Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998794|Hangasa Ahmed Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998792|Hamedu Geas Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998790|Halimo Hassen Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998788|Haji Kedir Abdule]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998786|Habtemariam Mekonnen Ali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998784|Habtamu Tegegne Destaye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998782|Gusha Balko Birbirsa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998780|Gudeta Belelcha Sefisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998778|Goiti Wancho Oke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998776|Gezu Manaye Chakol]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998773|Getnet Tadele Tefera]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998771|Getahun Limenh Abegaz]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998769|Geremu Huluka Amanu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998766|Genet Waqgari Fitie]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998760|Genet Bete Gerawork]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998758|Genet Abraham Yayu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998756|Gelane Bikila Woyecha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998753|Gashayalew Gala Galada]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998751|Gashaw Dagnew Lakew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998749|Fuad Abafita Ababulgo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998748|Fraol Udessa Gelchu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998743|Fisaha W/Senbet Tegegn]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998742|Firew Tesfaye Odayte]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998738|Fikru Werku Birshe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998735|Fikir Abay Anawt]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998732|Fikadu Mengistu Ashemi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998727|Fikadu Gawshalo Memo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998724|Fikadu Bedilu Bolja]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998723|Feyid Sherab Sherif]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998717|Fetiya Ahmed Abrahim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998715|Ferida Shemsedin Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998712|Fekadu Tulu Ketema]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998708|Fekadu Mosisa Gemeda]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998705|Faysal Odwa Abdi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998702|Fatuma Ali Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998699|Fato Ismo Beriso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998697|Fathi Mahdi Wezir]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998695|Faris Delil Yesuf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998691|Farah Mohamed Farah]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998689|Fantaye Legesse Weldegiorgis]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998686|Fanos Hailu Adera]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998683|Fanaye Melese Wolde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998679|Faima Shejemal Abamecha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998672|Fahmi Ali Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998668|Eyob Tekalign Tolina]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998665|Eyerusalem Lewi Essey]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998659|Ewnete Alene Yalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998654|Etsegenet Mengistu Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998649|Etefa Obsa Duresa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998644|Etagegnehu Eshetu Gudeta]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998640|Etaferahu Zegeye Ambaw]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998635|Etaferahu Mota Bogale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998629|Esubalew Mebrate Tesema]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998625|Essa Boru Tola]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998620|Eskinder Aliye Abdula]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998616|Eshetu Temesgen Gelan]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998609|Eshetu G/Mariam Gol]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998604|Ergoge Tesfaye W / Meskel]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998601|Ephrem Tessema Taressa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998599|Eng Sileshi Kore Dube]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998594|Kemal Mohammed Zeynu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998590|Endriyas Geta Beldeda]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998588|Endalu Mulatu Lemi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998583|Endalkachew Lelisa Duresa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998580|Endalkachew Asrat Zeleke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998576|Elsabeth Ejigu Qena'A]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998574|Elias Ahmed Sadik]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998572|Ejigu Melake G / Meskel]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998569|Ebenezer Bekele Amare]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998566|Eba Mijena Negero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998564|Duguma Adugna Debele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998562|Dube Julo Maaga]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998560|Mohammed Abdo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998559|Dita Nura Tero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998557|Diriba Galati Chali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998555|Dina Mufti Ledi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998553|Dima Nogo Serbo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998551|Dilamo Otere Frange]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998549|Destaye Tilahun Misker]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998547|Destaw Mekuanint Mezengiya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998545|Desta Befikadu Negewo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998543|Dessie Dalke Dukamo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998541|Dessalegn Chanie Dagnew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998540|Desalegn Wedaje Zemene]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998538|Desalegn Eriso Hasiso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998536|Dereje Teklemariam Gebremeskel]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998534|Dereje Debela Senbeto]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998530|Demeke Achiso Hirgeto]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998528|Dejitnu Alene Zewde]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998526|Debritu Tadege Mengesha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998524|Debele Kabeta Hursa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998522|Debebe Admasu Yilma]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998521|Dawud Mohammed Nur]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998518|Daniel Kibret Birhane]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998515|Christian Tadele Tsegaye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998513|Chimdo Hanchela Bulcha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998511|Chaltu Werje Tuke]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998509|Chaltu Mohommed Abdurahmn]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998506|Chala Wata Deres]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998504|Chala Lami Argane]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998503|Bzuayehu Degefu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998501|Brooke Lambiso Wamisho]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998499|Birke Bahru Miraf]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998498|Birhanu Megersa Lenjiso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998496|Birhanu Hankara Hatiya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998494|Biftu Hassan Jebero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998491|Beza Teshome]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998489|Beyenech Demeke Ato]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998487|Betel Melakumu Abdisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998485|Berhanu Gobena Yabe]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998484|Berhanu Feisa Tila]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998482|Berhaneteshay T/Wold]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998480|Berhane Meskel Tena Zemenfes]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998479|Behelhem Lakew Sisay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998477|Begashaw Teklu Alemayehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998474|Bayush Birhanu Kerorsa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998472|Bayabl Mulate Fitgu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998470|Bartema Fikadu Siraga]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998468|Balew Baye Assefa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998466|Azmera Andemo Kelo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998465|Aysha Mohammed Musa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998462|Aynalem Niguse Ali]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998460|Ayisha Shehshifa Abdurahaman]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998458|Ayele Teshome Gonche]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998456|Ayele Negeri Gibo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998453|Ayantu Gutata Fite]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998448|Awoke Amzaye Assoma]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998446|Atsede Mamo Tamale]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998445|Aster Keftaw Dachu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998443|Aster Beshir Figa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998441|Ashu Gololcha Oda]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998440|Ashinie Astin Titoyik]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998438|Asheber W. Giorgis Gayo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998435|Asha Yahya Salehi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998433|Asemahagn Aseres]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998431|Aselefech Kuche Goa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998429|Aschale Alamere Melesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998427|Aregash Tekile Tantu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998426|Aregash Kefle Karbo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998423|Arare Mosisa Etisa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998422|Anesa Melko Hebero]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998420|Amsal Mengistu Alemu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998418|Amsal Amare Abate]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998415|Amira Mohammed Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998412|Amina Abdurahman Adem]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998410|Amarech Bekalo Sapa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998408|Almaz Wedajo Adimo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998407|Almaz Temesgen Sisay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998405|Almaz Asale Ergado]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998403|Almaw Tigabu Melesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998402|Almaw Mengist Ambaye]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998400|Alie Belachew Bala]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998398|Alemu Sime]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998395|Alemu Jemberu Ayalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998393|Alemu Gonfa Robi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998391|Alemu Getahun Sisay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998389|Alemu Damtew Ashenafi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998387|Alemnesh G Mariam Imo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998385|Alemnesh Berhanu Obsa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998378|Aknaw Kawza Malefiya]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998376|Ahmed Hassen Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998373|Agumase Anteneh Wube]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998371|Agu Deban Gesso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998368|Adugna Debela Bote]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998366|Adugna Ahmed Uso]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998364|Addisuwa Assefa Demise]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998362|Addisu Kamiso Garanba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998359|Addis Alemayehu Qumbi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998355|Adane Teshome Getahun]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998353|Adane Mande Damtew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998352|Adane Alto Mengesha]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998349|Adamu Kenea Daba]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998348|Abune Alem Temesgen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998346|Abreham Berta Aneseyee]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998343|Abraham Amish Assema]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998341|Abraham Alemayehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998339|Abosh Mustafa Musa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998336|Abiyot Delegn Yirkayo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998333|Abere Adamu Teferi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998331|Abebaw Desalew Bayabl]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998328|Abeba Sadik Buser]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998327|Abduwas Abdulahi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998325|Abdusemed Hussen Abo]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998323|Abdurashed Abdilahi Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998321|Abdulkadir Gelgelo Boru]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998318|Abduljewad Mohammed Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998316|Abdulfatah Abdul Rahman Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998314|Abdulahi Mohammed Muse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998313|Abdu Hassan Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998311|Abdikarim Akib Aden]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131998309|Abate Arega Atalay]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131997903|Ababaw Ayalew Gal]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131744049|Lomi Bedo Kumbi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104794313|Fitsum Assefa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Minister of Planning and Development Fitsum Assefa Adela crop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62123939|Dagmawit Moges]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57898816|Lia Tadesse]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:EU2024BE 240206 Lia Tadesse.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55238035|Muferihat Kamil Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Muferiat Kamil.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50365049|Abiy Ahmed]]''
| usombusazwe, I-Ithiopia
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed Ali (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18921783|Getachew Jigi Demeksa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Dr.Getachew Jigi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728486|Demeke Mekonnen]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Demeke Mekonnen Hassen - 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16205894|Lidetu Ayalew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16187059|Sinknesh Ejigu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Sinkinesh Ejigu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16149223|Ashebir Woldegiorgis]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8046468|Yacob Haile-Mariam]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5658111|Harka Haroyu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4996096|Bulcha Demeksa]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4899848|Beyene Petros]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3572445|Yohannes Tiro Ejigayehu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3100062|Gedu Andargachew]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gedu Andargachew - 2019 (48802681123) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2275961|Seyoum Mesfin]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q161184|Meles Zenawi]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57383|Girma Wolde-Giorgis]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Girma-Wolde-Giorgis official portrait.png|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>jt4ldqtoiunp1v1dapev2zgd5lvvrgt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Vice Presidents of Gabon</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9813</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130316</id>
      <parentid>126468</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:57:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130316</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1473" sha1="3bzzu3jrghh0lgm8j4lm5dhdt9zjrdm" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q17030478
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21228521|Alexandré Barro Chambrier]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2026-01-01
| 
| [[File:Abchambrier.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q122464415|Joseph Owondault Berre]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-09-11
| 
| [[File:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3384461|Pierre Claver Maganga Moussavou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2017-08-21
| 2019-05-21
| [[File:Pierre-Claver MANGANGA MOUSSAVOU 2023 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2662541|Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge]]''
| usombusazwe, IGaboni
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1997-05-01
| 2009-10-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1371465|Léon Mébiame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1968-01-01
| 1975-04-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q172083|Omar Bongo]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1966-11-12
| 1967-12-02
| [[File:Omar Bongo, the President of Gabon in Brussels on February 20, 1993 (1, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3371788|Paul-Marie Yembit]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1961-02-01
| 1966-11-12
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>3bzzu3jrghh0lgm8j4lm5dhdt9zjrdm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Gabon</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130450</id>
      <parentid>127790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:39:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13572" sha1="5rdp2w3ukyhc7dktofgea1ywl01tgoj" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q19798976
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137226|Chantal Myboto]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2025-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128311017|Charles Otando]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128305854|Gabriel Mally Odjoua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123207|Jean Placide Ovono Mbouengou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123206|Edgard Owono Ndong]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123205|Albert Richard Royembo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123203|Stephen Darell Sowa Akendengue Niang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123202|Pendi Georges Trissaugui Ogoulath]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123199|Fidèle Waura]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128123198|Jean de Dieu Yembit Mangala]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119671|Freddy Fernandez Ona Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119662|Luck Harley Ondias Souna]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119651|Gérard Ondjambi Onguia]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119645|Pacôme Rufin Ondzounga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128119635|Alban Stéphane Ossinga Onanga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118824|Daniel Obame Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118598|Jean-Marie Obame Eyegue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118398|Frédéric Nzue Edzang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118246|Eloi Nzondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128118231|Pascal Franck Nze Ndong Nze]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128117673|Aurélien Ntoutoume Mebiame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128117662|Dominique Guy-Noel Nguieno]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128115470|Sosthène Nguema Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128115241|Joël Ngoueneni Ndzengouma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q128113869|Mesmin Boris Ngabikoumou Wada]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127643979|François Ndong Obiang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604304|Jean Bosco Ndjounga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604300|Franck Ndjimbi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604289|Barry Ndimal]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604266|Clément Moupoumbou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604265|Thierry Nang Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604188|Dieudonné Mouiri Boussougou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604112|Christian Minko Mi Etoua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604108|Carl Mihindou Mi Nzamba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604103|Antoine Menie M'eyi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127604099|Mouele Romain Romain]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600761|Josué Mbadinga Mbadinga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600753|Jean-Bosco Mbagou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600751|Jean-Marie Mboumbou Makanga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600749|Jean Claude Mboumi Nzinzi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600671|Roland Matsiendi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600665|Mavoungou Mihindou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600645|Paulin Mandjou Ngoyo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600643|Gabriel Mally Hodjoua]]''
| 
| 
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600539|Serge Maurice Mabiala]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600535|Marcel Libama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600529|Jean Valentin Leyama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600512|Serge Aimé Issembe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600467|Jean Lambert Idodo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600458|Melvin Vincent Gondjout Indjendjet]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600435|Charles-Henri Gey]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127600089|Frateli Martial Fouty]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127508776|Geoffroy Foumboula Libeka]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507417|Ali Eyeghe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507354|Gérard Ella Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507272|Leonel Ella Engonga]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507203|Jean Paulin Ekoua Sima]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127507131|Jean Lucien Doumbeneny]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506366|Donatien Lhye Dioumy Moubassango]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506290|Germain Biahodjow]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127506202|Henri Bekalle - Akwe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505829|Jean Marie Beka B'obame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505746|Raphaël Bandega Lendoye]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505680|Alexandre Gilbert Awassi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127505138|Willy Bertrand Abiery]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943558|Huguette Tsono]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943402|Odette Jeanine Taty Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943395|Alix Bertille Sougou Latsiere]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943385|Madeleine Sidonie Revangue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943369|Odette Polo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943350|Pepecy Ogouliguende]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943334|Béatrice Ntoutoume]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943129|Ludwine Staelle Ngoundji]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943088|Diane Dorothée Mengue M'Akue]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943079|Jeanne Mbagou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939833|Irène Lissenguet Goumbou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939816|Justine Judith Lekogo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939805|Brigitte Koumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939797|Nathalie Ebaneth]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939786|Tatiana Mireille Bouyou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939765|Nicole Bouanga Mombo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939739|Valentin Virginie Beckopa epse Roy]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939683|Firmine Olga Badjina Moudouma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939070|Flavienne Patricia Hélène Adiahenot-Meporewa]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126939001|Charlotte Aboghe]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126938809|Boukandou Elza Ritchuelle]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53535963|Régis Immongault]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2023-01-01
| 
| [[File:Regis Immongault, Head of the Mission of Gabon to the European Union - 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127219|Casimir Oyé-Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2007-01-01
| 2009-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2655471|Faustin Boukoubi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1996-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126943052|Albertine Maganga Moussavou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3122048|Guy Nzouba-Ndama]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 2016-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127219|Casimir Oyé-Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 1990-01-01
| 2006-12-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q116195860|Jean-François Ndongou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean-François Ndongou - 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96335298|Séraphin Akure-Davain]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Séraphin Akure-Davain.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58467564|Raphaël Ngazouzé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raphaël Ngazouzé.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30595704|Angélique Ngoma]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26924447|Pacome Moubelet Boubeya]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pacôme Moubelet-Boubeya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21228521|Alexandré Barro Chambrier]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Abchambrier.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8063923|Zacharie Myboto]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7932126|Vincent de Paul Gondjout]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7520896|Simplice Guedet Manzela]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7191961|Pierre-André Kombila]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6836261|Michel Akouloua]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6756384|Marcellin Mve Ebang]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711125|Léonard Andjembé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6711098|Léon Mbou Yembi]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6695782|Luc Marat Abyla]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169939|Jean-Pierre Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169030|Jean-Boniface Assélé]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6120375|Jacques Adiahénot]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5989746|Idriss Ngari]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5897056|Honorine Dossou Naki]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493498|Françoise Makaya]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493259|François Engongah Owono]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373320|Emmanuel Ondo Methogo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5371552|Émile Doumba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4775513|Antoine Mboumbou Miyakou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759882|André Dieudonné Berre]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3430482|Richard Auguste Onouviet]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3384462|Pierre-Claver Zeng Ebome]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3371820|Paul Mba Abessole]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Mba Abessole 2015 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3188402|Jules-Aristide Bourdes-Ogouliguende]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3014508|Daniel Ona Ondo]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Daniel Ona Ondo 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2848287|André Mba Obame]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2720046|Georges Aleka Damas]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2662541|Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge]]''
| usombusazwe, IGaboni
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2053317|Félix Siby]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1371373|Paulin Obame-Nguema]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q668233|Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q515666|Paul Biyoghé Mba]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Biyoghé Mba - 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q383696|Jean Eyeghé Ndong]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong 2007 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q269045|Pierre Mamboundou]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q256998|Jean-Hilaire Aubame]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aubame.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58286|Jean Ping]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Jean Ping 080202-F-1644L-081 0YWDF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58208|Paul Toungui]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Paul Toungui, IMF 116SJ0504150090lg.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57856|Raymond Ndong Sima]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Raymond Ndong Sima 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>5rdp2w3ukyhc7dktofgea1ywl01tgoj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Guinea</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130571</id>
      <parentid>129274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:10:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17192" sha1="qwril680za6s1lz43pxzxukxervbq2x" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q21295985
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111520113|Fatoumata Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2026-07-26
| 
| [[File:Fatoumata Diallo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111543965|Dominique Kpoghomou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhanada]]
| 2026-07-17
| 
| [[File:Dominique Kpoghomou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989333|Moustapha Kaba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2021-04-22
| 2024-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991706|Sata Diakité]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-06-03
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124252328|Nestor Kagbadouno]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124249407|Seydouba Maciré Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124248197|Hawa Eva Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124248187|Mamady Sidibé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124220104|Kaka Sékou Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124218179|Bandjou Oularé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124218166|Bandian Neyba Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124212059|Louceny Fofana]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2020-05-03
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124173086|Fodé Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124159815|Abdourahmane Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124149389|Fatoumata Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124080518|Joe Bébéto]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991818|Saliou Bella Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991807|Boubacar Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991773|Sâa Kossa Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991769|Pépé Koulémou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991748|Mohamed Lamine Kaba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991742|Bouna Keita]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991691|M’Ballou Fatoumata Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991670|Morlaye Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991647|Mamadou Kaly Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989334|Elhadj Mamadou Dian Barry]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2020-11-18
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989330|Boubacar Sidighi Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989325|Mamadou Alpha Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989307|Mamadou Saliou Sow]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-03-05
| [[File:Mamadou Saliou Sow.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989304|Abdoulaye Sanoh]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989302|Fatoumata Barry]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989298|Malick Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123989294|Moussa Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988819|Mansa Samaoro]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988811|Tokpa Jean Kolié]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988333|Mohamed Tounkara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988325|Momo Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988295|Aissatou Bobo Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988265|Mamady Kandé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988123|Daouda Sidibé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988038|Sory Sow]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988023|Lanceï Diakité]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987995|Facely Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987970|Ibrahima Sory Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987942|Balla Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987891|Eva Kross]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987867|Abdoulaye Kaba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987468|Mathieu Kpogomou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987446|Zoupé Zogbélémou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987429|Marie Kenneth Guilavogui]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987404|Samouka Bérété]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987345|Mamadou Saliou Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987327|Mamadou Saliou Kanté]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987308|Mamadou Dian I Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987208|Ibrahima Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987192|Elhadj Ibrahima Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987176|Fodé Abass Cissé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987157|Cheik Fantamady Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123987064|Amara Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123986946|Sékou Minkaïlou Conté]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123986912|Mohamed Diop]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123986837|Meta Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123985730|Mamadou Baadiko Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111550712|Ibrahima Sory Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109538043|Abou Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109322223|Souleymane Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109322199|Marie Madeleine Kamano]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321676|Hadja Djakagbè Kaba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321466|Antoine Kadouno]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321463|Elhadj Baila Ly]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321431|Togba Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321083|Thierno Aliou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109321066|Moustapha Diané]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109318712|Aboubacar Adama Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96621736|Aboubacar Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16186605|Sekou Benna Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3510611|Sékou Kouréissy Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-22
| 2021-09-05
| [[File:Sékou Koureissy CONDE.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99399482|Oyé Béavogui]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-04-01
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988797|Ramatoulaye Labo Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-03-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988735|Moussa Bangoura]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-03-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988512|Souleymane Keita]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2020-03-22
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988286|Togba Zogbélémou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-14
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124467539|Bakary Goyo Zoumanigui]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124467509|N’faly Yaradouno]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124467482|Kalemodou Yansané]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124467441|Djantou Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466557|Djessira Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466538|Yaya Traoré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466506|Fodé Mangué Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2014-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466453|Christian Sinata Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466377|Pépé Toupou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2022-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124401989|Abdoulaye Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124401958|Alpha Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124401911|Mamadou Diouldé Sow]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124401888|Aissata Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124401845|Sékou Savané]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124399367|Abdoul Karim Oularé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124399243|Aly Nabé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124399164|Fodé Amara Maréga]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124399058|Anne-Marie Mansaré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124398890|Holomo koni Kourouma]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124398848|Lancinet Sény Kourouma]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395925|Bangaly Kourouma]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395910|Nantènin Konaté]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395893|Sékou Konaté]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395820|Ben Youssouf Keita]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395727|Diao Kanté]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395693|Mamadi Kandé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395678|Mohamed Lamine Kamissoko]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395627|Sory Haba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395455|Fofana Marie Anne]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124395447|Fodé Oussou Fofana]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391136|Demba Fadiga]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391133|Mohamed Aly Doumbouya]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391129|Abdoulaye Doukouré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391118|Mamadi Diawara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391116|Fatoumata Binta Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391078|Hawa Binta Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388661|Alpha Mohamed Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388650|Mamadou Kenda Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388536|Alpha Ousmane Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388142|Fatoumata Binta Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388053|Amadou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124388029|Abdoulaye Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124387883|Mamadou Dian Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124387812|Dian Bailo Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124382220|Abdoulaye Diouma Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124382187|N’vayanga Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124382166|Naby Nouhan Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378340|Aliou Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378305|Mamadou N'fa Condé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378282|Fatoumata Tonguino Cissoko]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378267|Sidiki Cissé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378254|Saloum Cisé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378189|Amara Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378167|Momo II Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124378124|Moriba Gopou Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124374662|Fatoumata Boh Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124374513|Mamadouba Tawel Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124374261|Daouda David Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124373787|Abdourahamane Sinkoun Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124373640|Sékou Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124371171|Thierno Abdourahmane Barry]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124371021|Aissatou Barry]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124370772|Saikou Yaya Barry]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124370561|Ibrahima Bangoura]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124370540|Mamadou Alpha Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124369500|Alpha Mamadou Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124369488|Mamadou Cellou Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| [[File:Cellou Baldé.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124369466|Jamsedine Baldé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124369399|Assiatou Diallo Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124257619|Souleymane Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991754|Elhadj Ibrahima Sila Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988551|Bakary Diakité]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123988307|Michel Kamano]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109609655|Aboubacar Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109310549|Abdoulaye Bernard Keita]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2014-01-01
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124466406|Ibrahima Sory Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-09-28
| 2020-02-16
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124024843|Mamadou Diawara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-09-28
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123991786|Fodé Mohamed Soumah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-09-28
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88863811|Djéné Saran Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-09-28
| 2021-09-05
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124391086|Hamadou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-01-01
| 2020-03-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87442540|Nanfadima Magassouba]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-01-01
| 2020-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3358505|Ousmane Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 2013-01-01
| 2020-01-01
| [[File:Ousmane Gaoual Diallo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5351372|El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim Gushein]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 1995-01-01
| 2008-12-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140324013|Kadiatou Hawa Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323885|Souleymane Bangoura]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323829|Alseny Kolia Sylla]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323770|Mohamed Khalil Bangoura]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323702|Hawa Koné Diarré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323626|Mamadou Téré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323518|Thérèse Tolno]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140323488|Ousmane Dadi Kamara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140321758|Boubacar Siddighy Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140321650|Kelety Doumbouya]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124369298|Mohamed Aliou Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124358957|Thierno kadiatou Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124358285|Mamadou Salim Bah]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124358206|Baidy Aribot]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96695282|Domani Doré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96678700|Elhadj Dembo Sylla]]''
| usombusazwe, IGini
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96678697|Ibrahima Deen Touré]]''
| usombusazwe, IGini
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96678661|Aly Kaba]]''
| usombusazwe, IGini
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18940812|Ahmed Tidiane Cissé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ahmed Tidiane Cissé Ministre.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6666650|Loffo Camara]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Loffo Camara - 1962.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2289977|Siradiou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q527792|Jean-Marie Doré]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q323086|Aboubacar Somparé]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>qwril680za6s1lz43pxzxukxervbq2x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Ivory Coast</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9839</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130744</id>
      <parentid>123458</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:15:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130744</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1285" sha1="cvpa6tcaixw8bdsl4a78q5v4kh5n99p" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q3409195
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57413|Alassane Ouattara]]''
| 
| [[Ugu Emhlophe]]
| 2010-12-04
| 
| [[File:Alassane Ouattara - 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q179242|Laurent Gbagbo]]''
| 
| [[Ugu Emhlophe]]
| 2000-10-26
| 2011-04-11
| [[File:Laurent Gbagbo (2008).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q357802|Robert Guéï]]''
| usombusazwe, Ugu Emhlophe
| [[Ugu Emhlophe]]
| 1999-12-24
| 2000-10-26
| [[File:Robert Guéï.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q357779|Henri Konan Bédié]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ugu Emhlophe]]
| 1993-12-07
| 1999-12-24
| [[File:Henri Konan Bédié (P001954018AH).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q214407|Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]''
| usombusazwe, Ugu Emhlophe
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ugu Emhlophe]]
| 1960-11-03
| 1993-12-07
| [[File:Félix Houphouët-Boigny 1962-07-16.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>cvpa6tcaixw8bdsl4a78q5v4kh5n99p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Senate of Liberia</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130780</id>
      <parentid>123358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:06:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130780</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3426" sha1="78uwxbnd061ziq6vp6p7f2pr0bpphd8" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Senate of Liberia who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295144 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295144/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295144/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295144/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q173139|George Weah]]''
| usombusazwe, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 2015
| 2018
| [[File:George Weah in 2019 (cropped) mod-2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q301707|William Tubman]]''
| umehluleli, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:William Tubman (JFKWHP-KN-C19231, cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q460639|Augustus Washington]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q461668|Ruth Perry]]''
| usombusazwe, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q613889|Henry Too Wesley]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Henry Toö Wesley (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q878849|Daniel Bashiel Warner]]''
| usombusazwe, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Daniel Warner2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q878907|James Skivring Smith]]''
| usombusazwe, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:SkivringSmith.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q880711|William D. Coleman]]''
| usombusazwe, ILiberia
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:William Coleman2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1409441|Prince Johnson]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 2006-01-13
| 2024-11-28
| [[File:Prince Yormie Johnson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1688608|Jewel Taylor]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 2006-01-13
| 2018-01-22
| [[File:Jewel Taylor (9061) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5075850|Charles Brumskine]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 1997
| 2005
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131991|Cletus Wotorson]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5486402|Frank E. Tolbert]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5491821|Franklin Siakor]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5541422|George Koukou]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5761089|Hilary Teague]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6117083|Jackson Doe]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6237677|John Hanson]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Senator John Hanson (photo by Augustus Washington, ca. 1856) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6282441|Joseph D. Summerville]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Joseph Summerville.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6284271|Joseph J. Ross]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:JJ Ross.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6473115|Lahai Gbabye Lansanah]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7410749|Samuel Alfred Ross]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7429144|Saye-Taayor Adolphus Dolo]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16092059|William V.S. Tubman, Jr.]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23613180|John B. Gripon]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28745294|Grace Minor]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28747961|Gloria Musu-Scott]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Gloria Musu-Scott.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64732831|Conmany Wesseh]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123027093|Jeremiah Koung]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 2021
| 2024
| [[File:Vice President Koung (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>78uwxbnd061ziq6vp6p7f2pr0bpphd8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Parliament of Madagascar</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130649</id>
      <parentid>129326</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:50:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130649</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13959" sha1="17sckgc56p2ppoh582wr4bbx5trqbxe" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Parliament of Madagascar who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295989 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295989/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295989/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295989/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088145|Olivier Donat Andriamahefaparany]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7140026|Parson Zazaharivelo Rakotovazaha]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7145410|Patrice Rakotoarimanana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7147514|Patrick Ramiaramanana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7283307|Raharimampionona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7286719|Rakoto Joseph Nirina Lamboarivel]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7286721|Rakotomandimby Stanislas Zafilahy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7289568|Ramilison Randriamampianina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7295147|Rasoanaivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299091|Raymond Rakotozandry]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7299458|Razafitiana Auguste Jaonarison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7357222|Rodolphe Gabriel Randriamanantena]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7386126|Rémi]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7558511|Solofo Andrianjafimahatratra]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7558513|Solofonantenaina Razoarimihaja]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660862|Sylvestre Ranaivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7799865|Théodore Léonard Randriamanga]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7812778|Todisaina Raymond Ramarolahy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849675|Tsimisotry Ramanantsoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8017489|William René Rakoto Mahefarinoro]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8062421|Yvonne Bezara]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064293|Zafilaza]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8064296|Zafimiarina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8065487|Zalifa Bente Salim]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16013228|Monja Jaona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 1983
| 1989
| [[File:Monja Jaona in 1945, aged 35.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16147702|Jean David Baba]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734830|Norovelomampionona Roberthine Rabetafika]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734917|Hajanirina Lanto Ramaherijaona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734952|José Martial Ranaivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734964|Modeste Randriamanantena]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734995|Léon Rasalama]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16735028|Mamy Tiana Télésphore Gérard Ravelonanosy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16735050|Francette Razafindrakoto Harifanja]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19949084|Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka]]''
| umbhali, IMadagasika
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20027788|Stanislas Rakotonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22338260|Christine Razanamahasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2014-02-18
| 2024-07-11
| [[File:Christine Razanamahasoa (2021) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30146680|Guy Randrianarisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108679054|Lobo Hanitriniaina Razafimanantsoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2013
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114803361|Irmah Naharimamy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114804422|Marie Michele Sahondrarimalala]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q126305856|Aina Rafenomanantsoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Aina RAFENOMANANTSOA (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138562016|Nasser Ahmed]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2002&lt;br/&gt;2014
| 2007&lt;br/&gt;2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138757104|Ramparany Ramanana Anthelme]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q139494847|Ain'Harimanga Gabrielle Raby Savatsarah]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141485230|Nadine Andrianasolo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491383|Lantoarivola Sedera Rakotomanga]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491410|Aida Hardy Ratsimandriona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491419|Clarisse Eugénie Ramananjarasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491433|Marcelline Rasoanirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491438|Honorine Rasoamalala]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491495|Voahanginiaina Berthine Raharimanarivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491512|Sophie Soamiadana Ratsiraka]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491590|Mariette Ravoniarisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491634|Virginie Razafimandroso]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141491874|Tantely Razanamandimbisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141492094|Liva Gervais Sylvie]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141492227|Théophiline Velonjara]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141493023|Tsiriniaina Narindra Vololomboahangy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141493030|Haingo Elisette Fomendraza]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141493032|Volamiranty Donna Mara]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141493038|Jeannine Gabrielle Mbade]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141493098|Bavy Angelica Michelle]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q559672|Albert Zafy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| [[File:President Albert Zafy.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3056246|Eugène Mangalaza]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3134026|Herizo Razafimahaleo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Herizo Razafimahaleo (Profile).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3377724|Pety Rakotoniaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4026922|Harijaona Lovanantenaina Rakotonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4027440|Rossy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2014
| 
| [[File:Paul Bert Rahasimanana - Rossy - Madagascar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665157|Abdoul Fatah]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4697197|Aimé Rakotondrajaona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4711293|Albert Sylla]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759288|Andrianantoandro Raharinaivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759289|Andrianavalona Fanomezanjaka Pierrot Ranaivoson]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759291|Andrianirina Marie Bruno Rakotoarisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759297|Andriantsilavo Frédéric Rakotomalala]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759815|André Avison Tsitohery]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4759820|André Baozandrivelo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4760054|André Rostand]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4765254|Anique Chantal Kembazanany]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4790730|Arinosy Jacques Razafimbelo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4792679|Armand Mahatafa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4792690|Armand Randrianarison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4822684|Aurélie Marie Augustine Razafinjato]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4860720|Barijaona Andriambelosoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4860810|Barison Claude Andriambololona]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4865990|Bary Jacobson Hoyme Ratsimbazafy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4884990|Bemamy Beriziky]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4889158|Benjamin Ramamonjisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893332|Bernard Koto]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893573|Bernard Ravelonjato]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4893706|Bernard Tolia]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4925030|Blandine Rasoanamary Voizy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4941984|Boniface Berthin Zakahely]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4948767|Botomananatsara]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4967900|Brigitte Lalanirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979264|Bruno Josvah Randrianantenaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4979370|Bruno Rajaonson]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5005054|Bénoît Mamy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081908|Charles Ralazasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5109964|Christian Nestor Velo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5131923|Clermont Gervais Mahazaka]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5200607|Cyriaque Alexandre Rambolazafy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5202470|Célestin Manasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5274178|Didier Léandre Tsiajotso]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5320264|Désiré Remahita]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5338910|Edmond Rodin Georges Rakotomanjato]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360718|Elie Odon Fidèle Rasoanaivo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5386463|Eric Fadola Razafimandimby]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5427620|Fabergé Gabriel Mamitiana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5446759|Fidelis Justin Rasolonomenjanahary]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5446823|Fidson Mananjara]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460502|Flore Maltine Ramarozatovo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460876|Florent Parfait Mana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5482563|Francis Tamisy Raharison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5493257|François Emile Rakotomalala]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5511632|Félix Ramboahangison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5511633|Félix Randriamandimbisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5526754|Gaston Rakotobezanahary]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5546775|Georges Clément Ratsimbazafiarison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5546873|Georges Ratalata]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5622255|Guy Francis Randrianjafy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5625979|Gérard Aristote Zaonarivelo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5657648|Harinjatovo Rakotondramanana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5679575|Hassan Aly]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5715470|Henri François Victor Randrianjatovo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5745153|Hery Setaharinaivomanjato Raharisaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5927563|Hubert Rakotoson]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6156185|Janvier Maharangy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6169154|Jean-Claude Rakotonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170096|Jean Adrien Vanovason]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170443|Jean Claude Chan Se]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170632|Jean Ernest Rakotomiandrisoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6170633|Jean Ernest Rakotonomenjanahary]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6171294|Jean Paul Honoré Andrianantenaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6171786|Jean de la Croix Ramambason]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6207100|Jocelyn Borida]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6209712|Joe Ernest Rakotonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6214130|Joelison Emanoela Rakotoarimanana]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6271889|Jonah Justin Pikulas]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6271913|Jonah Parfait Prezaly]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6286474|Joseph Rakotomazava]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6305883|Jules Henri Randriamaholison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6505763|Lazafeno]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6554177|Lininy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6673928|Longin Louis Fanantera]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6686746|Louis Bernard Rakotomanga]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6689911|Lova Adrien Marie Rakotoniaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707578|Lydia Aimée Vololona Rahantasoa]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2013
| 2018-06-14
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745692|Mamisoa Rakotomandimbindraibe]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745962|Mampihao]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746039|Mamy Rakotoarivelo]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746763|Manahirana Leriva]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6746904|Manandafy Rakotonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6753647|Maolidy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6756241|Marcel Velonirina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6776433|Martin Rafidison]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6793697|Maurisson Randrianarivony]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6836533|Michel Randrianekena]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6918909|Mouhamed Sebany]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7042170|Nizar Dramsy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7050347|Norbert Mamangy]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088116|Olivier Antonny José Randrianantenaina]]''
| 
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the National Assembly of Niger</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9889</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130320</id>
      <parentid>129765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T13:23:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130320</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18916" sha1="37w48rmbba7euouwxe3p6u0kj40zguz" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a member of the National Assembly of Niger who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295995 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295995/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295995/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295995/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679677|Samuila Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679679|Sani Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679680|Sanoussi Moussa Maraini]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679682|Souley Dioffo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679683|Souley Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679684|Souleymane Arzika]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679685|Soumana Gaoh Yacoubou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679686|Soumana Hassane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679687|Soumana Sanda]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679688|Tanimoune Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679690|Tidère Ahamani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679691|Yacine Ben Mohamed]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679692|Zakari Garba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679694|Zeinabou Maïga Adama]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133162145|Abdallah Mahamadou Aboussah]]''
| 
| 
| 2021-03
| 2023-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57482|Mahamadou Issoufou]]''
| usombusazwe, INayighe
| [[INayighe]]
| 1993
| 2009
| [[File:Mahamadou Issoufou-IMG 3645.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57877|Brigi Rafini]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2004-12
| 2009-05
| [[File:Brigi Rafini - June 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q220227|Mamadou Tandja]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tandja in Nigeria June 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q319430|Mahamane Ousmane]]''
| usombusazwe, INayighe
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Mahamane Ousmane.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q331201|Hamid Algabid]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356237|Amadou Cheiffou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q420397|Akoli Daouel]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1970
| 1974
| [[File:Ejh. Akoli Daouel, en 1983.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452276|Amadou Gaoh]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452297|Amadou Hassane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q544141|Hama Amadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Hama Amadou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q703987|Seyni Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Seyni Oumarou (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q895031|Boukary Sabo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1959
| 1969
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1567506|Hadiza Moussa Gros]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1735274|Kassoum Mamane Moctar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2755794|Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1993
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2830749|Albadé Abouba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2912103|Boubou Hama]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Instruments de musique traditionnelle au Musée BOUBOU HAMA de Niamey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318398|Mohamed Bazoum]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1993
| 2021
| [[File:Mohamed Bazoum at the European Commission - P060245-844068 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665136|Abdou Daouda]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665143|Abdou Labo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4665174|Abdoulaye Hamani Diori]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4739087|Amadou Ali Djibo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5221545|Daouda Marthé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5431991|Falké Bacharou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5474228|Foumakoye Gado]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Foumakoye Gado.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5612787|Grémah Boucar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5636746|Habi Mahamadou Salissou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5680106|Hassoumi Massoudou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1999&lt;br/&gt;2021-03-05
| 2004
| [[File:Hassoumi Massoudou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6087974|Issa Lamine]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6353461|Kalla Ankourao]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1993&lt;br/&gt;2004-12&lt;br/&gt;2021-03-05
| 1995&lt;br/&gt;2023
| [[File:Kalla Ankourao 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6370490|Karidjo Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Mahamadou Karidio 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6890945|Mohamed Abdoulahi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Mohamed Abdoulahi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6919199|Aïssata Mounkaïla]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6926188|Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110324|Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Book of Condolence (52366561634) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7110501|Oumarou Sidikou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7418898|Sanoussi Jackou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15431173|Dandi Abarchi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1993
| 1995
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15432114|Boubacar Cissé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15437568|Moutari Moussa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15819843|Ibrahim Yacouba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Ibrahim Yacouba 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16123823|Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Ousmane Issoufou Oubandawaki 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19259177|Amadou Salifou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Amadou Salifou 2015-07-30.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19956213|Issaka Issoufou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Issaka Issoufou-IMG 4351.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20027758|Noma Kaka]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23060908|Attaher Abdoulmoumine]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23062821|Mahamane Jean Padonou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23062948|Laouan Magagi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26715424|Habib Moctar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26980205|Ali Sirfi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2000
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27825306|Ousseini Tinni]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Tinni Ousséini, President of the National Assembly of Niger, Niamey, 2016 02.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40704839|manirou housseini]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41074316|Habibou Allélé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41748339|Yahaya Tounkara]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43380162|Hama Assah]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46996069|Jeannette Schmidt Degener]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57274601|Ibrahim Nomao]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57834669|Adamou Namata]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58806803|N’Gadé Nana Hadiza Noma Kaka]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81112514|Kalla Moutari]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Flintlock 2018 Opening Ceremony (27523512838).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89716691|Aïchatou Maïnassara]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2016
| 2020
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92159374|Mohamed Ben Omar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99521146|Souna Hadizatou Diallo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99628785|Marie Lebihan]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99630863|Roukayatou Abdou Issaka]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99630890|Bibata Adamou Dakaou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99823830|Oumarou Alma]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 2025-03-07
| [[File:Oumarou Alma 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106510370|Mounkaïla Issa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106637549|Ibrahim Idi Ango Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110004769|Sani Maïgochi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| [[File:Sani Maïgochi 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110399010|Rabi Maitournam Moustapha]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110399463|Hadiza Seyni Zarmakoye]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110537732|Abdou Rabiou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q110537922|Hadiza Douara Kafougou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117306297|Abaché Chaibou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989-12
| 20th century
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117306374|Abdoulkarim Abani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 1989-12
| 1991
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679516|Ibrahima Souleymane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679520|Hadizatou Kafougou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679526|Amadou Djibo Ali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679530|Mahamadou Karidio]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679537|Abdallah Mahamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679538|Abdou Adamou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679539|Abdou Boubacar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679540|Abdou Hamza]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679541|Abdou Mani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679543|Adam Efangal]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679544|Ahmed Elhadji Gondji]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679545|Ahmet Hameda]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679547|Aichatou Abba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679548|Aichatou Barko Amadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679550|Aissatou Abdoulaye Tondi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679551|Algabi Elhadji Atta]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679552|Alhader Samro]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679553|Alio Namata]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679554|Alkabouss Jalaoui]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679555|Amadou Dioffo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679556|Amadou Goulo Abdou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679557|Amadou Harouna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679558|Amadou Idrissa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679559|Amadou Mahaman Sani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679560|Amadou Massalatchi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679561|Amadou Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679562|Amina Abdou Souna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679563|Amina Elhadji Ousmane Barmo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679564|Amina Saminou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679565|Aminata Garanké]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679566|Aminatou Habibou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679567|Assane Dit Koubou Marou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679568|Assoumana Karoua]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679569|Assoumi Tahirou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679570|Bachir Sidi Abdoul Aziz]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679571|Badi Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679572|Baraka Mamane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679573|Barakatou Laouali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679576|Bibata Seyni Djibo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679577|Boubacar Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679578|Boucary Sani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679579|Dardaou Zanaidou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679580|Djibo Madougou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679582|Doulla Moussa Afmad]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679583|Elhadji Boulou Mamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679585|Fatima Doubou Dogo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679586|Fatouma Abdoulaye Sambo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679587|Fatsima Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679588|Fougou Boukar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679589|Hadidjiatou Haladou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679591|Hadizatou Gado]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679592|Hadizatou Yacouba Bozari]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679593|Halidou Hama]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679594|Hambali Ali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679595|Hamissou Abdoua]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679597|Hamza Boka]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679598|Hamza Garba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679599|Haoua Hassane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679600|Hapsatou Djibrilla]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679601|Hassana Boubacar]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679602|Hassane Ali Abdourahamane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679603|Hassane Saley]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679604|Hassia Hassan]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679606|Ibrahim Eka]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679607|Idi Ango Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679609|Illia Labo]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679610|Illiassou Hamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679611|Ismaël Issoufou Salifou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679612|Issaka Assoumane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679613|Kadi Zakari]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679614|Khalid Hamadi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679615|Khalil Oumbarik]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679617|Laila Attoujani]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679618|Lantana Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679620|Laouali Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679621|Laouré Elhadji Sanoussi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679623|Maazou Hamidou Dadé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679624|Magagi Issaka]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679625|Mahamadou Amadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679626|Mahaman Bachir Abdou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679627|Mahaman Issa Maifada]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679628|Mahaman Kabirou Ibrahim Maidaji]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679629|Mahaman Laoual Bako Galadima]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679630|Mahamane Sani Laouali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679632|Mahmoud Sagdoun]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679633|Malam Moctar Garba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679634|Maman Rabiou Maina]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679635|Mamane Bako]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679636|Mamane Harouna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679637|Mamane Laouali Zabèye Moussa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679638|Mamani Malan Goga]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679639|Maria Saidou Soulé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679640|Mariama Adamou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679641|Mariama Elhadji Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679642|Mariama Iro]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679643|Mariama Mamadou Maïna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679644|Massaoudou Galy]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679646|Moussa Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679647|Moussa Salé]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679648|Moustapha Assan]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679650|Moutari Ousmane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679652|Nana Aicha Laouali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679653|Nana Djoubie Harouna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679654|Nouhou Arba]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679655|Oumarou Dogari Moumouni]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679657|Oumarou Harouna]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679658|Oumarou Tanja Mamadou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679659|Oumarou Yahaya]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-05-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679660|Ousmane Mahamane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679661|Ousseyna Madougou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679662|Rabi Hassane]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679663|Rabi Kiassa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679664|Rachida Mani Ali]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679665|Rakiatou Ali Beidi]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679666|Ramatou Hima]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679667|Ramnatou Issa Mayaki]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679669|Saadé Oumarou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679670|Sahadatou Saley]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679671|Saïda Mohamed Cheloutan]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679672|Saidou Ama]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679673|Salé Djibrillou]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679674|Salifou Moussa]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679675|Salissou Elh Alio]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131679676|Samaila Maika]]''
| 
| [[INayighe]]
| 2021-03-05
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>37w48rmbba7euouwxe3p6u0kj40zguz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Senate of Senegal</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130783</id>
      <parentid>125250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:23:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="879" sha1="dap6sruwf1tlbo9w0deluocqikf7g3h" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Senate of Senegal who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q52671665 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q52671665/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q52671665/P580:Start date,P39/Q52671665/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2847899|André Guillabert]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3362782|Pape Diop]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Pape diop m.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106613038|Sokhna Dieng Mbacké]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2007
| 2012
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136557256|Marie-Lucienne Tissa Mbengue]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2010
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>dap6sruwf1tlbo9w0deluocqikf7g3h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130324</id>
      <parentid>129767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T13:38:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130324</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15484" sha1="h6rj584z0jqkvred906dgingqd29agb" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q19286411 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q19286411/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q19286411/P580:Start date,P39/Q19286411/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95572293|Lazhar Chemli]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4715|Moncef Marzouki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2011-12-13
| [[File:Moncef Marzouki2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57699|Hamadi Jebali]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2011-12-23
| [[File:Hamadi Jebali - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q668526|Noureddine Bhiri]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-05-09
| [[File:Noureddine Bhiri.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1890995|Mustapha Ben Jafar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:BenJaafar.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821007|Abdelbacet Becheikh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821119|Abdelkarim Harouni]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-04-12
| [[File:AbdelkrimHarouni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821146|Abdellatif Abid]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-04-29
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821154|Abdellatif Mekki]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-04-12
| [[File:Abdellatif Mekki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821212|Abdelwaheb Maatar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:AbdelwahabMaatar2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821259|Abderrahman Ladgham]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Photo souvenirs avec M. Abderrahmane Ladgham, 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821276|Abderraouf Ayadi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Abderraouf Ayadi.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2821279|Abderrazek Khallouli]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2827529|Ahmed Brahim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:AhmedBrahim.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2827633|Ahmed Najib Chebbi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:AhmedNajibChebbi.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2836242|Ali Haouiji]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842634|Amel Ghouil]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2842788|Amer Larayedh]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Amer Laarayedh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3064374|Fadhel Moussa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Cropped Fadhel Moussa.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3068805|Ferjani Doghmane]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125800|Hajer Aziz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Hajer Azaiez.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3125979|Halima Kanni]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Halima Kanni.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3129573|Hela Hammi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135181|Hicham Hosni]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3144577|Hédi Ben Abbès]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-04-27
| [[File:Hédi Ben Abbès.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3147502|Ibrahim Kassas]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Ibrahim kassas.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3155694|Issam Chebbi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Issam Chebbi.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193174|Karim Bouebdelli]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3193235|Karima Souid]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Karima Souid.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196042|Khalil Zaouia]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2013-06-21
| [[File:KhalilZaouia.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3196141|Khemais Ksila]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Khmaies Ksila.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3217835|Larbi Ben Salah Abid]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Larbi Ben Salah Abid.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3218481|Latifa Habachi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Latifa Habachi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3257623|Lobna Jribi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:LobnaJribi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3273824|Mabrouka Mbarek]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Mabrouka Mbarek, 17 novembre 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277785|Mahmoud Baroudi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Baroudi21091.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3302915|Maya Jribi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:MayaJribi.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3304538|Meherzia Labidi Maïza]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Meherzia Labidi Maiza.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318297|Mohamed Abbou]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-03-30
| [[File:Mohamed abbou.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318419|Mohamed Ben Salem]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-03-30
| [[File:MohamedBenSalemANC2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3318567|Mohamed Habib Marzouki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2013-03-06
| [[File:Abou Yaareb Marzouki, Tunisia 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3319146|Mohsen Kaabi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3320427|Moncef Cheikhrouhou]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Moncef cheikhrouhou.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3320435|Moncef Ben Salem]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-02-28
| [[File:Moncef Ben Salem picture.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3325549|Mouldi Riahi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Mouldi Riahi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3334862|Nadia Chaabane]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:NadiaChaabane.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461170|Sadok Chourou]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Chourou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3461533|Sahbi Atigue]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:SahbiAtigpicture.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3469772|Slim Ben Hamidene]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Salim Ben Hamidane.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470003|Selma Hédia Mabrouk]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Salma HédiaMabrouk.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470004|Salma Sarsout]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470005|Selma Baccar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Selma Baccar at Berlinale 2026.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470829|Samir Ben Amor]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Samir Ben Amor, Nawaat 5 janvier 2015 (2).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470837|Samir Dilou]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2012-05-09
| [[File:Dilou.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470847|Samir Taieb]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Samir Taieb.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3470859|Samira Merai]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitSamiraMeraiNov2011 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3491422|Souad Abderrahim]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:SouadAbderrahimANC2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3510667|Sélim Ben Abdesselem]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Sélim Ben Abdesselem.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3513884|Tahar Hmila]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:TaherHmila.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3571481|Yamina Zoghlami]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Yamina Zoghlami Cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575486|Ziad al-Doulatli]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Zied Daoulatli.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7961932|Walid Bennani]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Walid Bennani.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10514449|Mehdi Ben Gharbia]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitMehdiBenGharbia Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10559719|Habib Ellouze]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:HabibEllouz17Fev2011.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10591389|Iyed Dahmani]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:IyedDahmani.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12220159|Slaheddine Zahaf]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitSlaheddineZahafNov2011 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12239668|Mohamed Hamdi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Mohamed Hamdi TN.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12240823|Mohamed Ali Nasri]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12241970|Mourad Amdouni]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:MouradAmdouni.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12886365|Imed Daïmi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2011-12-12
| [[File:Imed Daimi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14269069|Mohamed Brahmi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2013-07-25
| [[File:Mohamed Brahmi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16027791|Farida Labidi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitFaridaLabidi2013 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16027793|Fattoum Lassoued]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Cropped Fattoum Lassoued.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16122553|Najla Bouriel]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Najla Bouriel.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16123777|Jalel Bouzid]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16124434|Rabeh Khraifi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16128314|Samia Abbou]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-12-27
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Samia Abbou, Nawaat capture 19 novembre 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16162103|Hichem Ben Jemaa]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitHichemBenJemaa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16185697|Mongi Rahoui]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:MongiRahoui.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16185752|Warda Turki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2013-03-06
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Warda Turki.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16645093|Jawhara Tiss]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Cropped Jawhara Tiss.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16677479|Sonia Toumia]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19278964|Rafik Tlili]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19543880|Amel Azzouz]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:PortraitAmelAzzouz27Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19544932|Zied Ladhari]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Zied Adhari.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19792403|Ali Bechrifa]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19955807|Noomane Fehri]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Noomane Fehri 2 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20412548|Abdelkader Ben Khemis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Abdelkader ben khemis.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20425196|Manel Kadri]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2013-10-03
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22930198|Fathi Ayadi]]''
| 
| 
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23073234|Rim Mahjoub]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Rym mahjoub.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23109390|Oussama Essghaier]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Oussama Essghaier.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27666209|Imed Hammami]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:ImedHammami2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28055870|Badreddine Abdelkefi]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28715652|Adel Ben Attia]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28716311|Habib Khedher]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Habib Khedher.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29577454|Imen Ben Mhamed]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:ImenBenAhmed Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29577482|Neji Jmal]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:NéjiJmal Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29577510|Basma Jebali]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29580438|Abdelaziz Kotti]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| [[File:Abdlaziz Kotti.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60712027|Hattab Barakati]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2011-11-22
| 2014-12-02
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>h6rj584z0jqkvred906dgingqd29agb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/OkayAfrica 100 women</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130779</id>
      <parentid>129807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:04:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130779</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32175" sha1="7tsu79jxxwa9qk4ot2hziu0zpcjm41g" xml:space="preserve">==Listeria list for all those recognised by the OkayAfrica==
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q54889438 }
|section=
|sort=P166/Q54889438/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P166/Q54889438/P585:Year,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Year
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5834|Caster Semenya]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Caster Semenya (42411013704) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5998|Vivian Cheruiyot]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| [[File:Vivian Cheruiyot Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51700|Juliana Rotich]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| [[File:Juliana Rotich - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Zanele Muholi]]
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018&lt;br/&gt;2017
| [[File:Zanele Muholi, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q229029|Thandiwe Newton]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Thandiwe Newton Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q230113|Gabourey Sidibe]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Gabourey Sidibe at PaleyFest 2014 - 13491368805.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]
| umlobi waseNigeria
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:2025-06-16 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie no Fronteiras do Pensamento 2025 em São Paulo, 013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q231276|Angelique Kidjo]]''
| 
| [[IBenini]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iFulansi]]
| 2018
| [[File:25o Premio da Musica Brasileira (14004847740).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q237106|Marie NDiaye]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]
| 2018
| [[File:Marie Ndiaye 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q256531|Iman]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| 2017
| [[File:Iman 1996.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289462|Seun Adigun]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2018
| [[File:Seun Adigun in 2022.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q290220|Leila Aboulela]]''
| 
| [[ISudan]]
| 2018
| [[File:Leila Aboulela (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q443884|Aïssa Maïga]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISenegal]]
| 2017
| [[File:Aïssa Maïga at Cannes Film Festival 2025 03 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q445463|Mayra Andrade]]''
| 
| [[IKhepi Vedhi]]
| 2019
| [[File:.Mayra Andrade. (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452213|Francine Niyonsaba]]''
| 
| [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]]
| 2017
| [[File:Francine Niyonsaba Rio 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q457420|Wangechi Mutu]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q467094|Oumou Sangaré]]''
| 
| [[IMali]]
| 2018
| [[File:(Oumou Sangaré) De la poesía a la música de raíz, sonidos de la segunda noche de San Isidro.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q510629|Jemima Sumgong]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| [[File:PortraitJemimaJelagatSumgongRio2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q636653|Danai Gurira]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IZimbabwe]]
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2019
| [[File:Danai Gurira 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q707255|Fatoumata Diawara]]''
| 
| [[IMali]]
| 2017
| [[File:Fatoumata Diawara Rudolstadt 11 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q773793|Sona Jobarteh]]''
| 
| [[IGambia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2019
| [[File:Aid for Trade Global Review 2017 – Day 1 Sona Jobarteh tuning kora.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1400134|Hedaya Malak]]''
| 
| [[IGibhithe]]
| 2017
| [[File:Hedaya Malak Rio2016b.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1475185|Kah Walla]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2018
| [[File:Kwalla.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2053031|Flaviana Matata]]''
| 
| [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]]
| 2017
| [[File:Flaviana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2514348|Titica]]''
| 
| [[I-Angola]]
| 2018
| [[File:Titica por Rachel Teixeira.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2839100|Almaz Ayana]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2017
| [[File:Almaz Ayana Beijing 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3439879|Rokhaya Diallo]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]
| 2017
| [[File:Europa21 - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3453629|Ruth Negga]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[I-Ayilendi]]
| 2017
| [[File:Ruth Negga by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3566180|Wanuri Kahiu]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018&lt;br/&gt;2019
| [[File:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3614333|Aminatta Forna]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Aminatta Forna 5190258.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3658171|Phiona Mutesi]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2017
| [[File:Phiona Mutesi 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3840847|Lupita Nyong'o]]''
| 
| [[IMekisiko]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| [[File:LupitaNyongo-byPhilipRomano3.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2018&lt;br/&gt;2017
| [[File:Nnedi Okorafor at National Book Festival 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4680087|Adama Ndiaye]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2019
| [[File:Adama Paris Fashion Week 24 Nov 2016 on NdaniTV.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696644|Aida Muluneh]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2017
| [[File:Aida Mulune.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4696652|Aïda Touré]]''
| 
| [[IGabhoni|IGaboni]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4747087|Amma Asante]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2017
| [[File:Amma Asante at MIFF.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4945158|Unity Dow]]''
| 
| [[IButswana]]
| 2017
| [[File:Unity Dow - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5509330|Funmi Iyanda]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5530444|Gelila Bekele]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6079886|Isha Sesay]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISiera Liyoni]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Nima Elbagir and Isha Sesay, May 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6547427|Little Simz]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Little Simz - Openair Frauenfeld 2019 05.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6766135|Mariéme Jamme]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2017
| [[File:Web Summit 2018 - Forum Rostra - Day 2, November 7 SMX 0270 (30827501057).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6778538|Marwa Amri]]''
| 
| [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6835591|Michaela DePrince]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISiera Liyoni]]
| 2017
| [[File:191008 Mind the Mind Now - 48865568151 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6917040|Mosunmola Abudu]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:Mosunmola Abudu 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7037531|Nima Elbagir]]''
| 
| [[ISudan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Nima Elbagir and Isha Sesay at the 74th Annual Peabody Awards.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7074927|Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili, 2009 World Economic Forum on Africa (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7423050|Saran Kaba Jones]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 2017
| [[File:Saran Kaba Jones.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7484811|Taiye Selasi]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2018
| [[File:TaiyeSelasi P1030135.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7560413|Somi]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2017
| [[File:SOMI, концерт в рамках фестиваля &quot;Акваджаз&quot; в &quot;Зимнем театре&quot;.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7704911|Terry Pheto]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Terry Pheto cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7810465|Tiwa Savage]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Tiwa Savage's studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7830609|Toyin Ojih Odutola]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13560267|Issa Rae]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Issa Rae, producer, writer, and actress, at SXSW 2025 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14941915|Uzo Aduba]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Uzo Aduba 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16198724|Sanaa Benhama]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16208867|Efya]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2018
| [[File:Efya at an event.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211105|Idil Ibrahim]]''
| 
| [[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| 2018
| [[File:Idilibrahim1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211548|Vanessa Mdee]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2017
| [[File:VeeMoney.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16216180|Hodan Nalayeh]]''
| 
| [[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhanada]]
| 2019
| [[File:Hodan Nalayeh Somalia (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16231679|Rosalyn Gold-Onwude]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:RGOIndiana2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16231862|Amaka Osakwe]]''
| umklami wemfashini waseNigeria
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16232420|Warsan Shire]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16297487|Regina Agyare]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2019
| [[File:Regina Honu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16727436|Farida Bedwei]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017
| [[File:Farida Bedwei 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16728813|Ilwad Elman]]''
| 
| [[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| 2018&lt;br/&gt;2017
| [[File:Ilwadelman2 (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Thuli Madonsela]]
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16745368|Khanyi Dhlomo]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Khanyi Dhlomo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16761673|Seinabo Sey]]''
| 
| [[ISwidi]]
| 2019
| [[File:Seinabo Sey.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16821687|Semhar Araia]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Semhararwh.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17022430|Faarrow]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17109424|Toke Makinwa]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:NdaniTV Toke Makinwa OAP Nov 2018.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17306137|Kelela]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Kelela Piknik i Parken 2018 (205003).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17747951|Asisat Oshoala]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Asisat Oshoala 2019 Champions League.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18016138|Yemi Alade]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:Yemi Alade studio portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18148871|Charlo Greene]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18216886|Kemi Adetiba]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:Kemi Adetiba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18217812|Okwiri Oduor]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18534020|Maria Borges]]''
| 
| [[I-Angola]]
| 2017
| [[File:Maria borges at 82nd Venice International Film Festival-3 (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637243|Michaela Coel]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2017
| [[File:Michaela Coel Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18637627|Bonang Matheba]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Bonang Matheba.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19513511|Monica Geingos]]''
| 
| [[INamibhiya]]
| 2018
| [[File:MonicaGeingos.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19589575|Émilie Béatrice Epaye]]''
| 
| [[Central African Republic|i-Central African Republic]]
| 2017
| [[File:Beatrice Epaye (Central African Republic) - International Women of Courage Awards 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19630433|Grace Mahary]]''
| 
| [[IKhanada]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19885291|Ayọ Tometi]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:Ayọ Tometi - 2021 (51648565860) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20013339|Bibi Bakare-Yusuf]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
| 
| [[IMorishisi]]
| 2017
| [[File:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20640678|Julie Adenuga]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679792|Uche Eze]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| [[I-Pearl Thusi]]
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20975327|Ngozi Onwumere]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20981886|Rapelang Rabana]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Rapelang Rabana.jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20982032|Redi Tlhabi]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Redi Thlabi Mandela Washington Fellowship 2017 (34818508705).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| 
| [[OSotho]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21592474|Cynthia Erivo]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2018
| [[File:Cynthia Erivo - Wicked-FYC-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097089|Vera Songwe]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2018
| [[File:Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22097343|Haben Girma]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Haben girma.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22277592|Anna Diop]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Anna Diop (2016) (close-up).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23000953|Chika Oduah]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Chika Oduah El Mundo Spain Madrid.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23816363|Imbolo Mbue]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Imbolo Mbue 2.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23899788|Simi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Simi singer from Nigeria born 1988 at NdaniTV session.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24049156|Alexis Okeowo]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Alexis Okeowo Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24248220|Ethel Delali Cofie]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017
| [[File:Ethel D Cofie.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24255698|Niniola]]''
| umlobi wengoma waseNigeria
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Niniola Nigerian Singer songwriter.png|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Nomzamo Mbatha]]
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24713124|Adesua Etomi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Adesua Etomi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 2018&lt;br/&gt;2017
| [[File:Bozoma Saint John at Essence Festival of Culture July 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25199129|Alsarah]]''
| 
| [[ISudan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Alsarah 06332.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25344489|Angelica Nwandu]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Angelica Nwandu 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26263150|Naomi Ruele]]''
| 
| [[IButswana]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26436159|Ilhan Omar]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2019
| [[File:Ilhan Omar, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26905832|Fadumo Dayib]]''
| 
| [[ISomaliya|ISomalia]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27062883|Aminatou Sow]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063353|Tope Oshin]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Tope Oshin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27063905|Lisa Folawiyo]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Lisa Folawiyo Designer.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27450115|Funke Opeke]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Funke Opeke - ITU Telecom World 2016 - Industry Leaders Roundtable.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27469042|Oreoluwa Lesi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2020
| [[File:Oreoluwa Somolu Lesi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27494203|Luvvie Ajayi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27744678|Rebeca Gyumi]]''
| 
| [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]]
| 2019
| [[File:Rebeca Gyumi.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27999600|Touria El Glaoui]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| 2017
| [[File:Touria El Glaoui.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28025952|Yvonne Orji]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| [[File:Yvonne Orji.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Babes Wodumo]]
| ungumculi waseNingizimu Afrika
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28648829|Clarisse Iribagiza]]''
| 
| [[IRuwanda]]
| 2017
| [[File:Clarisse Iribagiza 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28654904|Shekhinah]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Shekhinah.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28736612|Nadia Rose]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28841772|Salome Asega]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| [[File:ArtAndFeminism MoMA18 - 06 - Salome Asega.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859681|Adama Delphine Fawundu]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28859847|Halima Aden]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Halima Aden Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28911657|Lady Skollie]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28967562|Adwoa Aboah]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Adwoa aboah 2019 1.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29160452|Jessica O. Matthews]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29413652|Khoudia Diop]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29418661|Tomi Adeyemi]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:NBF2024-tomi-adeyemi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29886137|Cherrie]]''
| 
| [[ISwidi]]
| 2019
| [[File:Cherrie in 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29912279|Yrsa Daley-Ward]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2018
| [[File:Yrsa Daley Ward.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30228170|Delphine Diallo]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ISenegal]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30571413|Ade Hassan]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| [[Sho Madjozi]]
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Sho Madjozi March 2019.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37793136|Aya Nakamura]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMali]]
| 2019
| [[File:Aya Nakamura IMG 4756 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41221013|Adelle Onyango]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| [[File:Adele Onyango on Hustle Yako.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42997985|Loza Maléombho]]''
| 
| [[Ugu Emhlophe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43396455|Asma Khalifa]]''
| 
| [[ILibhiya|ILibiya]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44845816|Vanessa Kingori]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| [[File:Vanessa Kingori at SXSW London June 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45354341|Kemiyondo Coutinho]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2019
| [[File:Playwright Kemiyondo Coutinho.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46067386|Maame Biney]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47031031|Adut Akech]]''
| 
| [[I-Ostreliya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INingizimu Sudan|ISudan yaseNingizimu]]
| 2019
| [[File:Adut Akech at Roberto Cavalli FW22.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48219695|Akuoma Omeoga]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50345169|Okwui Okpokwasili]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Okwui Okpokwasili in Visceral Disruptions.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50346875|Sarah Waiswa]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50379528|Seko Shamte]]''
| 
| [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50720240|Lina Iris Viktor]]''
| 
| [[ILiberia]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51289615|Hania Morsi Fadl]]''
| 
| [[ISudan]]
| 2018
| [[File:Hania Morsi Fadl (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53567553|Duckie Thot]]''
| 
| [[I-Ostreliya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INingizimu Sudan|ISudan yaseNingizimu]]
| 2019
| [[File:Duckie Thot after fashion show.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54892135|Kasiva Mutua]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54896828|Velma Makhandia]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897214|Kahindo Mateene]]''
| umklami wemfashini waseCongo
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897483|Philomena Kwao]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54897722|Jackie Aina]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2017&lt;br/&gt;2018
| [[File:Jackie Aina 2021 (3x4 cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898564|Tony Gum]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898628|Benny Bonsu]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898654|Agang Ditlhogo]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54898803|Wayétu Moore]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| [[File:Wayétu Moore.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899839|Lina Gadi]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54899918|Hanta Tiana Ranaivo Rajaonarisoa]]''
| usomabhizinisi waseMalagasy
| [[IMadagasika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54900027|Louise Umutoni]]''
| 
| [[IRuwanda]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907588|Eniola Mafe]]''
| usomabhizinisi waseNigeria owazalwa eLondon
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Eniola Mafe in Geneva.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907679|Isis Nyong’o Madison]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907772|Michelle Ntalami]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907829|Tebogo Anna Mashego]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54907935|Ebele Okobi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Ebele Okobi at International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia 4.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54908063|Sara Menker]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
| 2018
| [[File:Sara Menker 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912300|Yagazie Emezi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912328|Zim Ugochukwu]]''
| usomabhizinisi wokuhamba waseNigeria
| [[INigeria]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912330|Evelyn Ngugi]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912341|Jojo Abot]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2017
| [[File:Jojo Abot.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914089|Tsitsi Masiyiwa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 2018
| [[File:Mrs Tsitsi Masiyiwa.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914118|Graça Maria Sanches]]''
| 
| [[IKhepi Vedhi]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54914125|Moiyattu Banya]]''
| 
| [[ISiera Liyoni]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54915207|Sethembile Msezane]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Sethembile Msezane- Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921386|Ghada Wali]]''
| 
| [[IGibhithe]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921442|Kelechi Okafor]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921856|Katlego Kai Kolanyane-Kesupile]]''
| umculi, umlobi kanye ne-LGBTQ isishoshovu esivela eButswana
| [[IButswana]]
| 2018
| [[File:Performance artist Kat Kai Koi-Kes.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54921998|Malin Fezehai]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54927244|Abrima Erwiah]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928547|Diana Opoti]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928698|Heroda Berhane]]''
| 
| [[I-Eritrea]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928778|Hermon Berhane]]''
| 
| [[I-Eritrea]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54928956|Susy Oludele]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54929000|Sarah Diouf]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54931014|Amy Sall]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54932082|Solange Lusiku Nsimire]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935401|Anyiko Owoko]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Anyiko Owoko in the video 'Fena Gitu - I'm A Square Peg In A Round Hole'.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54935411|Ainehi Edoro-Glines]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939026|Kay Oyegun]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939128|Nicole Amarteifio]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54939343|Unoma Ndili Okorafor]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2018
| [[File:Unoma Okorafor at Gem Tech Awards 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953801|Joy Chebet Bii]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54953914|Tshiamo Legoale]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954016|Amel Ben Abda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954376|Natsai Audrey Chieza]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954455|Baratang Miya]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54954627|Urenna Onyewuchi]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54956679|Mennat El Ghalid]]''
| isazi sezinto eziphilayo zaseGibhithe esiseParis esicwaninga isikhunta
| [[IGibhithe]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54968655|Zintle Ntshikila]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974228|Jane Mukami]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974244|Simi Adeagbo]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974284|Joyline Cherotich]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974310|Winnie Okoth]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974345|Keolebogile Mokolopo]]''
| umncintiswano nomqeqeshi wezintambo ezivela eNingizimu Afrika
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54974949|Glory Okon Edim]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975165|Malebo Sephodi]]''
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975390|Koleka Putuma]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2018
| [[File:Koleka Putuma, P1080548.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54975478|Upile Chisala]]''
| imbongi nososayensi waseMalawi
| [[IMalawi]]
| 2018
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55044984|Yasmin Belo-Osagie]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IGana]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55051826|Umra Omar]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55053089|Mari Malek]]''
| 
| [[INingizimu Sudan|ISudan yaseNingizimu]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056554|Ammma brown]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55056941|Makho Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057723|Zeinebou Mint Taleb Moussa]]''
| isishoshovu samalungelo esifazane eMauritania
| [[IMoritaniya]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057812|Nunu Ntshingila-Njeke]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057843|Patricia Nzolantima]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057949|Karen Attiah]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2017
| [[File:Karen Attiah Resisting Extremism in Africa- Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Acts - 37860453116 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55057972|Yousra Elbagir]]''
| umlobi wezindaba waseSudan
| [[ISudan]]
| 2017
| [[File:Yousra Elbagir at the International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia, Italy 1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55058779|Clare Muhoro]]''
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55080910|Adesuwa Aighewi]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Adesuwa Aighewi Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56043265|Kawira Mwirichia]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58301979|Teni]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Teni à la célébration du Voudoun Days 2024 à Ouidah au Bénin (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58641607|Yomi Adegoke]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Yomi Adegoke at the 2024 Edinburgh International Book Festival 2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58915901|Chidera Eggerue]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| [[File:Chidera Eggerue November 2017.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58918446|Elizabeth Uviebinené]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60441895|Nadine Ijewere]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60836183|Muthoni Drummer Queen]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2017
| [[File:Festival des Vieilles Charrues 2019 - Muthoni Drummer Queen - 039.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61082400|Doreen Peter Noni]]''
| 
| [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61483352|Clemantine Wamariya]]''
| 
| [[IRuwanda]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Clemantine Wamariya.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| [[Moonchild Sanelly]]
| umculi
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Moonchild Sanelly sings on preview of MTV Down South 2019.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64532867|Oyinkan Braithwaite]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]
| 2020
| [[File:Oyinkan Braithwaite1150112.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66311684|Amarachi Nwosu]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Amarachi-Nwoso-2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70082614|Kiki Mordi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2022
| [[File:Kiki Mordi (Keynote Speaker) - 54310879195.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71960124|Ama Marfo]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71962455|Amy Aniobi]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71975784|Aweng Chuol]]''
| 
| [[INingizimu Sudan|ISudan yaseNingizimu]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71976238|Besidone Amoruwa]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71976585|Brenda Katwesigye]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71976779|Bose Ogulu]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Bose Ogulu.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71977385|Charlene Akuamoah]]''
| 
| [[IGana]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71978867|Claude Lavie Kameni]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71979350|Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 2019
| [[File:Cleopatra Kambugu Kentaro.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71979515|Dami Olonisakin]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71979668|Damilola Odufuwa]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| [[File:Dami Odufuwa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71981497|Chao Mbogo]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71982517|Soull Ogun]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71982639|Dynasty Ogun]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72048285|Fatuma Zarika]]''
| 
| [[IKhenya|IKenya]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72149956|Lillian Ahenkan]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72150351|Ifunaya Maduka]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151308|Lucy Fye]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151669|Anna Fye]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72151812|YaAdam Fye]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72152087|Jainaba Fye]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154227|Grace Ladoja]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154653|Hend Riad]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72154914|Mariam Hazem]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72156142|Iziegbe Odigie]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Trybedances Izzy Odigie NdaniTV Dec 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72157022|Jenn Nkiru]]''
| 
| [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INigeria]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72157232|Jessica Nabongo]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72160701|Karen Okonkwo]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72160878|Koketso Moeti]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161059|Kovie Biakolo]]''
| 
| [[INigeria]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161461|Laylah Amatullah Barrayn]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72161724|Lee Litumbe]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72164228|Luam Keflezgy]]''
| 
| [[I-Eritrea]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72164624|Manthe Ribane]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| [[File:Manthe Ribane, 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72165987|Mapule Ndhlovu]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72166398|Massah David]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72167178|Miatta Johnson]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72167940|Monica Ahanonu]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72169974|Nikiwe Diova]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72170463|Nyma Tang]]''
| 
| [[INingizimu Sudan|ISudan yaseNingizimu]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72171565|Oronike Odeleye]]''
| 
| [[IMelika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Oronike Odeleye for ArtsATL Kindle Award.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72171866|Penda N'diaye]]''
| 
| [[ISenegal]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72172094|Phiona Okumu]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72172657|Refilwe Ledwaba]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72177802|Shauna Barbosa]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72180840|Sherrie Silver]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72181398|Sisonke Msimang]]''
| 
| [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 2019
| [[File:Sisonke Msimang - TEDxSoweto 2014 - arm raised (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72182118|Teni Adeola]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72182776|Tiffany Aliche]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72183276|Tsion Gurmu]]''
| 
| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IMelika]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184324|Sierra King]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184433|Brittany Spell]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184541|Maureen Nicol]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184713|Amina Cush]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72184818|Zainab Aliyu]]''
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130752444|Ley Uwera]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|IRiphabliki Labantu weKongo]]
| 
| [[File:Ley Uwera.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>7tsu79jxxwa9qk4ot2hziu0zpcjm41g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Prefectures of Guinea</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>10162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130781</id>
      <parentid>129808</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:12:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130781</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8649" sha1="0sy616i4w9z94mb5zd5kwqi32w867on" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1394653 }
|section=
|sort=P131
|sort_order=asca
|columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137577|Préfecture de Sinko]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q853169|Beyla Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137579|Préfecture de Kouankan]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q853169|Beyla Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137581|Préfecture de Karala]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q853169|Beyla Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q614669|Gaoual Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.750278|-13.201111|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hopital gaoual.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Gaoual.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q890340|Boffa Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.184167|-14.043889|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Boffa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q891238|Boké Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.941111|-14.298333|display=inline}}
| [[File:A plantation owner in the Boké prefecture.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Boke.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1456055|Fria Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.368611|-13.585556|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Fria.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1781312|Koundara Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.483889|-13.302222|display=inline}}
| [[File:Formicai vicino Koundara.Guinea.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Koundara.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137568|Préfecture de Kamsar]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]''
| 
| [[File:CBG a Kamsar Guinée.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1156587|Dabola Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.748056|-11.106111|display=inline}}
| [[File:Champ d'agricole de diawéya.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Dabola.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1226479|Dinguiraye Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.300833|-10.718056|display=inline}}
| [[File:Guinea Dinguiraye market.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Dinguiraye.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1396210|Faranah Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.038889|-10.72|display=inline}}
| [[File:Rundhäuser 9497.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Faranah.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1470920|Kissidougou Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.186944|-10.106944|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Kissidougou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q853169|Beyla Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| [[IGini]]
| {{Coord|8.686667|-8.657778|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Beyla.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q581719|Kankan Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.384722|-9.306944|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Kankan.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q962654|Kérouané Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.266389|-9.017222|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Kerouane.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1470878|Mandiana Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.633889|-8.701111|display=inline}}
| [[File:Traditional farming Guinea.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Mandiana.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1471573|Kouroussa Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.652778|-9.885|display=inline}}
| [[File:Fluss Niger bei Kouroussa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:Kouroussa prefect Guinea Map.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137570|Préfecture de Tokounou]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137571|Préfecture de Dialakoro]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137572|Préfecture de Sabadou Baramana]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q616816|Coyah Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.700278|-13.383889|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Coyah.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q922545|Télimélé Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.906111|-13.043333|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Telimele.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1263263|Dubréka Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.784167|-13.5175|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Dubreka.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1439329|Forécariah Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| {{Coord|9.434722|-13.085278|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Forecariah.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1741960|Kindia Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.058056|-12.868889|display=inline}}
| [[File:Camara, légende vivante du Soli à Kindia, Guinée.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Kindia.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q253661|Lélouma Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.1833|-12.9333|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|11.472|-12.67|display=inline}}
| [[File:Tounty, Ley Holo, Lélouma.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Lelouma.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623409|Koubia Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.59|-11.894|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Koubia.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1432094|Tougué Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.45|-11.6833|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|11.4883|-11.8004|display=inline}}
| [[File:Tougué.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Tougue.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1781017|Mali Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| {{Coord|12.0839|-12.3014|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|12.086|-12.302|display=inline}}
| [[File:Mairie de Mali (Guinée).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Mali.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1781303|Labé Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.318056|-12.286111|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Labe.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623295|Mamou Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.3833|-12.0833|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|10.3757|-12.0941|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Mamou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623302|Dalaba Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]''
| {{Coord|10.6917|-12.25|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|10.6873|-12.25|display=inline}}
| [[File:Mairie de Dalaba.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Dalaba.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q736507|Pita Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]''
| {{Coord|11.0588|-12.3995|display=inline}}
| [[File:Kambadaga Pita.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Pita.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137569|Préfecture de Timbo]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623139|Yomou Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.569|-9.256|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Yomou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623142|Guéckédou Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| {{Coord|8.56667|-10.1333|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|8.5685|-10.1347|display=inline}}
| [[File:Guinea tree nursery.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:GN-Gueckedou.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623145|Lola Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.8|-8.53333|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|7.801|-8.536|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Lola.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q949332|Macenta Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| {{Coord|8.543611|-9.472778|display=inline}}
| 
| [[File:GN-Macenta.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1471203|Nzérékoré Prefecture]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]''
| {{Coord|7.75|-8.81667|display=inline}}&lt;br/&gt;{{Coord|7.757|-8.823|display=inline}}
| [[File:Nzerekore.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[File:Nzérékoré Prefecture.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137573|Préfecture de Doko]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780649|Siguiri Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137575|Préfecture de Siguirini]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780649|Siguiri Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q141137576|Préfecture de Kintinia]]''
| 
| [[IGini]]
| ''[[:d:Q1780649|Siguiri Prefecture]]''
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>0sy616i4w9z94mb5zd5kwqi32w867on</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130698</id>
      <parentid>129798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:19:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130698</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="165375" sha1="jy368nnwxy3rdetyfjymz4va8jcau7v" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q63208574 Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q63208574 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q63208574/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q63208574/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29266713|Jinde Cao]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-7119 0000-0003-3133-7119]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8_ffELYAAAAJ 8_ffELYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/305757435 305757435]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29266713|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29266713/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56371767|Gilbert Kokwaro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187460259 187460259]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56371767|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56371767/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5479986|Francis Allotey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21408100 21408100]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58967151|Hussein Shimelis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-8392 0000-0003-2793-8392]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5611165573930937800007 5611165573930937800007]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58967151|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58967151/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114791|Richard Adebayo Adegbola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71654754|Andries Johannes van der Walt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325224|constitutional lawyer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58628637 58628637]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71655038|Thomas Eugene Cloete]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71655038/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72375958|Anthony Okon Nyong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72375958|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72375958/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66753472|Nelson Torto]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AsEAq6gAAAAJ AsEAq6gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/206679357 206679357]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72664550|Trebi Ollenu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72664996|Mohammed Kamel Mahmoud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q83042|neurology]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664996|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72664996/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64159003|Musa W. Dube]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66780166|New Testament scholar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19829990|biblical scholar]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6364 0000-0002-3073-6364]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79179401 79179401]
| 2023
| [[File:Prof. Musa Dube.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64159003|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64159003/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72665654|Anthony Youdeowei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18554459 18554459]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72665654|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72665654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72233334|Mohamed El-Fouly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-1665 0000-0003-4179-1665]
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72233334|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72233334/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48012782|Mohamed H. Alkordi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-748X 0000-0003-1807-748X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_OagxjgAAAAJ _OagxjgAAAAJ]
| 
| 
| [[File:Alkordi Profile 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48012782|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48012782/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72666358|Robert Butler]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72666358|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72666358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71945590|Rufus O. Adegboye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71945590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71945590/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71225040|Solomon Habtemariam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-2244 0000-0001-6743-2244]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=uzkjFrkAAAAJ uzkjFrkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10152986632412671612 10152986632412671612]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71225040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71225040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90832458|Nelly Mugo]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-006X 0000-0002-2347-006X]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90832458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90832458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2024682|Ben-Erik van Wyk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-8193 0000-0003-0306-8193]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fMI1OlIAAAAJ fMI1OlIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1092541 1092541]
| 2013
| [[File:BenErikVanWykFotoThalerTamas.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2024682|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2024682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50610797|Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-7685 0000-0001-5677-7685]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50610797|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50610797/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71371411|Bernard Lategan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71371411/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71804243|Bede Okigbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7201517|plant geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31022139 31022139]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69785950|Ambaliou Sanni]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=emtItOoAAAAJ emtItOoAAAAJ]
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69785950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69785950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2747148|Henri Hogbe Nlend]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27586482 27586482]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2747148|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2747148/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Thuli Madonsela]]
| [[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/309897588 309897588]
| 2019
| [[File:Thuli Madonsela April 2014.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16731804|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16731804/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q34176386|Jacques Simpore]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-9161 0000-0002-0415-9161]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IhV_bywAAAAJ IhV_bywAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46206610 46206610]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q34176386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q34176386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72381742|Hassan M. Abdelaal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72381742|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72381742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89538169|Rufus O Akinyemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-428X 0000-0001-5286-428X]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89538169|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89538169/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71372771|Fayçal Djeffal]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=e6DPr20AAAAJ e6DPr20AAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71372771|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71372771/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732954|Peter Mugyenyi]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9973 0000-0002-9183-9973]
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71661709|Yunus Daud Mgaya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4913 0000-0002-9592-4913]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/26656867 26656867]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71661709|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71661709/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q153540|Gebisa Ejeta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-153X 0000-0002-1109-153X]
| 
| 
| 2013
| [[File:Gebisa Ejeta (26420838105).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q153540|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q153540/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71806196|Abdel-Rhaman H. S. Salama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71806196|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71806196/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549311|Olanike Adeyemo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5090 0000-0003-3404-5090]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AbsyqJgAAAAJ AbsyqJgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/305638553 305638553]
| 2012
| [[File:Prof Olanike Adeyemo portrait .jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71662525|Dominic W. Makawiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71662525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71662525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549557|Hubertine Rose Éholie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/194119345 194119345]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98190343|Segun Fatumo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-3362 0000-0003-4525-3362]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98190343|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98190343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5345157|Edward S. Ayensu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104188750|life scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1345663|development worker]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sTCOg4EAAAAJ sTCOg4EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66555068 66555068]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1452770|Ogunlade Davidson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18584290 18584290]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1452770|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1452770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42252920|Collet Dandara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-4895 0000-0002-5925-4895]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tC8JRhYAAAAJ tC8JRhYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42252920|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42252920/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15725998|Francisca Nneka Okeke]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/182166797 182166797]
| 2013
| [[File:Prof. Francisca Okeke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53498731|Amina Abubakar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-7904 0000-0002-3686-7904]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3M2KYN4AAAAJ 3M2KYN4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53498731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53498731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72385148|Khalil Ezzinbi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385148|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385148/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72385528|Eid Hassan Doha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385528|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72385528/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79450846|Amos A. Fatokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-7589 0000-0001-5183-7589]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79450846|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79450846/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062369|Isa Marte Hussaini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46004572|Félix Malu wa Kalenga]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/26011339 26011339]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46004572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46004572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544531|Roseanne Diab]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-8320 0000-0002-3564-8320]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RAEK2eEAAAAJ RAEK2eEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55645762 55645762]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544531/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53934170|Mahamadou A. Thera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2679-035X 0000-0002-2679-035X]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53934170|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53934170/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111602308|Samuel B. Mukasa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-1683 0000-0002-2198-1683]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111602308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111602308/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71811551|Oluwafeyisola Sylvester Adegoke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/161366269 161366269]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42545058|Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9387-0432 0000-0001-9387-0432]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NnJPZuQAAAAJ NnJPZuQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169009503 169009503]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42545058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71523375|Mohamed El-Amin Ahmed El-Tom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13423598|education expert]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109655915 109655915]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71523375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71523375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37643684|Adrienne L. Edkins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3615-6651 0000-0002-3615-6651]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/314901582 314901582]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643684|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643684/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72244805|Mouhamadour Bassir Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72244805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72244805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61144102|Victor O. Lasebikan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-9190 0000-0001-5834-9190]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61144102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61144102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50331388|Oluwatoyin Ogundipe]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/219152138567310980964 219152138567310980964]
| 2017
| [[File:Prof Ogundipe.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64748489|Donald E U Ekong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/84158185823020062190 84158185823020062190]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43267916|Susan A. Bourne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-2843 0000-0002-2491-2843]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OlFQMW4AAAAJ OlFQMW4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93006646|Yonghui Song]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-8382 0000-0003-4250-8382]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q93006646|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q93006646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72678715|Awadh S. Mawenya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72678715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72678715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69507042|Leslie Felicia Petrik]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-1551 0000-0002-2049-1551]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ebwaE-kAAAAJ ebwaE-kAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21941271 21941271]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69507042|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69507042/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51629999|Ijeoma Uchegbu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|science communicator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-6867 0000-0001-9586-6867]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Fx0BrQwAAAAJ Fx0BrQwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56161724 56161724]
| 2019
| [[File:Ijeoma Uchegbu at the Oxford Union Science Debate 2018.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51629999|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51629999/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72679187|Raoelina Andriambololona]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rupM6_0AAAAJ rupM6_0AAAAJ]
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72679187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72679187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43124716|Ikeoluwapo Ajayi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-8746 0000-0001-7719-8746]
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43124716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43124716/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73256403|Isoken Igbinosa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30093119|Head of Structural Biology]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4469-5695 0000-0003-4469-5695]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VLWxZYMAAAAJ VLWxZYMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73256403|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73256403/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53217125|Alfred Amambua-Ngwa]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-3601 0000-0003-4478-3601]
| 
| 
| 2023
| [[File:Alfred Amambua-Ngwa.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53217125|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53217125/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72391850|Hippolyte L. Fofack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55384499 55384499]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72391850|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72391850/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72392056|Mohamed Thameur Chaibi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-6901 0000-0003-4086-6901]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wUbMlDsAAAAJ wUbMlDsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392056|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392056/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72392237|Demel Teketay Fanta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21244999|forestry scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6716-6975 0000-0002-6716-6975]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=itoxUrgAAAAJ itoxUrgAAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392237|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392237/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72392899|Gaston M. N'gurekata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392899|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72392899/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21933512|Friday Okonofua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2606 0000-0002-8777-2606]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lWa_57sAAAAJ lWa_57sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31975441 31975441]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/46200996 46200996]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72393574|Rajaona Andriamananjara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/77907530 77907530]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393574/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21934164|Babalola Chinedum Peace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 0000-0001-9173-8032]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ Lvw32FsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| [[File:Professor Babalola Chinedum Peace.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72393916|George Albert Magoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72393916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135685060|Bolanle Otegbayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12304425|food scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-1479 0000-0002-8672-1479]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XC4aXDwAAAAJ XC4aXDwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135685060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135685060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72394455|Elly N. Sabiiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70376235|Carolyn Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pcRNQYAAAAJ 3pcRNQYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70376235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q454139|Meave Leakey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|evolutionary biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17245618 17245618]
| 2012
| [[File:Meave Leakey at Toulouse City Hall - 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q454139|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q454139/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71530005|A. Lemma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71530005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71530005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72395508|Stephen Gaya Agong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187713604 187713604]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/7154500130539091587 7154500130539091587]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72395508|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72395508/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377150|Lynn Morris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-8415 0000-0002-1836-8415]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-7828 0000-0003-3961-7828]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=atnn-0AAAAAJ atnn-0AAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377474|Alinah Kelo Segobye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1055894|deputy]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UMengameli (isiqu sakuhulumeni)]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/274306537 274306537]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377474|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377474/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70954705|Stephen E. Mshana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-6271 0000-0002-7526-6271]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70954705|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70954705/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115647655|Driss Bensari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2145910126827022051 2145910126827022051]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/22427215 22427215]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115647655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115647655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70378516|Crain Arthur Soudien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9934-6532 0000-0002-9934-6532]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i8djXlYAAAAJ i8djXlYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61677562 61677562]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70378516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LOHkEw8AAAAJ LOHkEw8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/39468370 39468370]
| 2023
| [[File:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89120726|Nagwa El-Badri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4915128|biomedical scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-611X 0000-0002-1965-611X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1817148997631359870006 1817148997631359870006]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89120726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89120726/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ARaZ9-MAAAAJ ARaZ9-MAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24336962 24336962]
| 2011
| [[File:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71388303|John Nkoma]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22156312335502080256 22156312335502080256]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71388303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71388303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71100029|Ebenezer Farombi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/54152682509123311242 54152682509123311242]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q168517|Ismail Serageldin]]''
| [[Usomtapolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-4931 0000-0002-4090-4931]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/95308382 95308382]
| 2006
| [[File:Ismaïl Serageldin, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q168517|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q168517/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542074|Vincent P. K. Titanji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7204-8562 0000-0001-7204-8562]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14165809347258971900 14165809347258971900]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542074|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542074/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542276|Abdelaziz Daoud]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xpAeECIAAAAJ xpAeECIAAAAJ]
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542276|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542478|Shem Oyoo Wandiga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42411151|Tarek Sobh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-9990 0000-0001-7141-9990]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nJtI9x0AAAAJ nJtI9x0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33866956 33866956]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42411151|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42411151/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542674|Samuel Yeboah Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71533626|Ibrahim Abdel-Razag Eltayeb]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7909-1483 0000-0001-7909-1483]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ycFW4t8AAAAJ ycFW4t8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85197286 85197286]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533626|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533626/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71533895|Mutuku J. Mutinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/160042336 160042336]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533895|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71533895/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69948069|Boitumelo Kgarebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69948069|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69948069/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71534114|Abdellattif Benachenhou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71534114|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71534114/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102386503|Charles Alexander Kenmogne Kamhoua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-5975 0000-0003-2169-5975]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10152820090000680990 10152820090000680990]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102386503|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102386503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72543404|Joseph Otieno Malo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543404|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543404/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56973143|Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-8875 0000-0001-6501-8875]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56973143|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56973143/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72543749|Geoffrey M. Maloiy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543749|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72543749/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42412314|Iruka N. Okeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587 0000-0002-1694-7587]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KCc3tdAAAAAJ KCc3tdAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/124748506 124748506]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72544202|Guiguemde Robert Tinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69949205|Judy Omumbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|manager]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9346 0000-0002-9475-9346]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/297748857 297748857]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69949205|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69949205/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72544386|El Hadji Ibrahima Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72544386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q10263918|Daniel Bekoe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q10263918|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q10263918/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72545465|Shoukry Sayed Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72545465|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72545465/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46307003|Baldwyn Torto]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-9903 0000-0002-5080-9903]
| 
| 
| 2013
| [[File:Baldwyn Torto.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46307003|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46307003/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71680967|Richard Tuyee Awuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72546417|Samuel Ochieng Akatch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72546417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72546417/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71105045|Kenneth Ikechukwu Ozoemena]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21329070|materials scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7107-7003 0000-0001-7107-7003]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=C_DBAdcAAAAJ C_DBAdcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92148449719715690983 92148449719715690983]
| 2015
| [[File:Kenneth Ikechukwu Ozoemena1.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71105045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71105045/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7959409|Wafaa El-Sadr]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-9781 0000-0003-3735-9781]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16610624 16610624]
| 2018
| [[File:Wafaa El-Sadr.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7959409|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7959409/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4355545|Ali Mazrui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16947320|geopolitical analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170748029 170748029]
| 1988
| [[File:MazruiAlihs6283.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4355545|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4355545/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70962238|Paco Sereme]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313544860 313544860]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70962238|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70962238/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q318960|Richard Leakey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16060693|conservationist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|environmentalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|autobiographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/99598525 99598525]
| 2019
| [[File:Richard Leakey (1986).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q318960|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q318960/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22088836|Omowunmi Sadik]]''
| [[UMfundisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-0608 0000-0001-8514-0608]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65232320 65232320]
| 2018
| [[File:Omowunmi Sadik Speaker at Innovation Day 2010backlit.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22088836|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22088836/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72404892|Joseph Massaquoi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72404892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72404892/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100229892|Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed Radwan]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100229892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100229892/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72693657|Attia Ashour]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/119189351 119189351]
| 1985
| [[File:Attia Ashour 1960.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72693657|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72693657/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72405451|Bhen Sikina Toguebaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72405451|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72405451/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100230371|Mathew D. Esona]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-947X 0000-0003-4069-947X]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100230371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100230371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71685030|Aggrey J. D. Ambali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685030|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685030/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69666729|Eliane Ubalijoro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1210069|general manager]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-9454 0000-0002-4575-9454]
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69666729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69666729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71396915|O. Williams]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71396915|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71396915/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71685304|Theonest K. Mutabingwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/288019197 288019197]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71685304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71397225|Ahmed Hassanali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68460170 68460170]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71397225|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71397225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72406627|Steven Odi-Owei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72406627|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72406627/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55539279|Jacobus N. Eloff]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-9842 0000-0003-1494-9842]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63822206 63822206]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55539279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3349810|Ogobara K. Doumbo]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-9641 0000-0001-8445-9641]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/208871310 208871310]
| 2016
| [[File:Ogobara Doumbo, Réseau GABRIEL.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3349810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3349810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71686881|John Ouma-Mugabe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-014X 0000-0002-7076-014X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gFQYEK0AAAAJ gFQYEK0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63265255 63265255]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71686881|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71686881/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58134957|Makaiko Chithambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-2412 0000-0002-9720-2412]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58134957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58134957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71542898|Christophe Bouramoue]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66513025 66513025]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71542898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71542898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89996769|Sanjay Mathur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-2693 0000-0003-2765-2693]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36448767 36448767]
| 2023
| [[File:Prof. Dr. Sanjay Mathur.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89996769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89996769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70966530|John Akintayo Adedoyin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q91006792|atmospheric physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70966530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70966530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22237142|Mary Chinery-Hesse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212238|civil servant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61061|chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| [[File:Chancellors office new.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22237142|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22237142/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71543347|Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1706722|research fellow]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19020784 19020784]
| 1987
| [[File:Albert and Suzanne Ratsimamanga in China in 1972.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71543347|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71543347/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60731179|Mark Woolhouse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-8167 0000-0003-3765-8167]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104638338 104638338]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/55979521 55979521]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60731179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60731179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100233959|Grace Olusola Gbotosho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62749815|Albertus Viljoen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-7401 0000-0001-8949-7401]
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62749815|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62749815/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61164129|Mohey M Elmazar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-9817 0000-0002-5076-9817]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=A13929kAAAAJ A13929kAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61164129|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61164129/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21517424|David Kenfack]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-3388 0000-0001-8208-3388]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rHikh2wAAAAJ rHikh2wAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21517424|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21517424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6379652|Kawango Agot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-6951 0000-0002-0475-6951]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61206910 61206910]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6379652|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6379652/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18201851|Romain Murenzi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212238|civil servant]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18201851/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115805249|Ashraf Mansour]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| [[File:Ashraf Mansour.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115805249|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q115805249/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526753|Alash'le Abimiku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-0204 0000-0003-2213-0204]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526753|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526753/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526781|Margaret Okomo Adhiambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-8916 0000-0003-0415-8916]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526781|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526781/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526864|Lise Korsten]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-7659 0000-0003-0232-7659]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N5Xy6m4AAAAJ N5Xy6m4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6903149296167980670000 6903149296167980670000]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526864/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69526970|Chantal Yvette Zoungrana]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4764960|animal nutritionist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69526970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75149847|Kayode Oyebode Adebowale]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| [[File:IMG-20230611-WA0020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71834136|Hassan Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71834136|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71834136/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24690765|Papa Abdoulaye Seck]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2609724 2609724]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24690765|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q24690765/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57850372|Michele Zema]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-3122 0000-0001-6950-3122]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57850372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57850372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556051|Timothy Olurotimi Tayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556051|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72700522|Samson Gombe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| [[File:Gombe.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72700522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72700522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556770|Paulus Pierre Gerdes]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556770|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73133547|Christian Happi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-6705 0000-0002-3056-6705]
| 
| 
| 2023
| [[File:Christian Happi - 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73133547|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73133547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65925115|Collins Ouma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-8887 0000-0001-8205-8887]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65925115|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65925115/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q45453026|Newton Kumwenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-4339 0000-0003-2622-4339]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45453026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q45453026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72556982|Mustapha Benmouna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/166972430 166972430]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556982|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72556982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72557259|Mohamed T. El-Ashry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/18651968 18651968]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557259/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48336788|Tal-hatu Kolapo Hamzat]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q694748|physiotherapist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q702269|professional]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|adviser]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-7565 0000-0003-4558-7565]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rjr_1G4AAAAJ rjr_1G4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/310715430 310715430]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48336788|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48336788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72557486|Julius Amioba Okojie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72557853|Juma Shabani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72557853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q44156522|Wilfred Fomban Mbacham]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3934-3233 0000-0002-3934-3233]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/122013263 122013263]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44156522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q44156522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558052|Mohamed Dachraoui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/203208984 203208984]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558052|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558558|Nduka Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q185574|Adebayo Adedeji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q19822359|member of the Senate of Nigeria]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-9633 0000-0002-2399-9633]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/13108322 13108322]
| 1991
| [[File:Adebayo Adedeji (1986).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q185574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q185574/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71405575|Luna Kamau]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-0283 0000-0002-2186-0283]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=muBMcLuwd98C muBMcLuwd98C]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71405575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71405575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694307|Mahmoud Mamdani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72559324|Emmanuel M.K.A. Edee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14906342|biophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72559324|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72559324/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69675936|Rose Gana Fomban Leke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/122064414 122064414]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69675936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69675936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91445643|Emiru Birhane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-5961 0000-0002-8644-5961]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91445643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91445643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694570|Joseph I. Okogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72271279|Fredrick I. B. Kayanja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271279|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133255355|Amany Fekry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16744668|physical chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9084-9275 0000-0001-9084-9275]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tWfLr34AAAAJ tWfLr34AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68170344568652342866 68170344568652342866]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133255355|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133255355/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694808|Mohamed Hilmy Elnagdi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7787-0870 0000-0001-7787-0870]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316556642 316556642]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694808/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72271655|Mohmoud Hafez]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72271655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572827|Priscilla Baker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q43668003|analytical chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-2670 0000-0002-8878-2670]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572827/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71262696|Aberra Mogessie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13416354|mineralogist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35647551 35647551]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71262696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71262696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59296715|Yacob Mulugetta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3191-8896 0000-0003-3191-8896]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270613561 270613561]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59296715|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59296715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70830404|Simeon Materechera]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-6765 0000-0001-7440-6765]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BFG0EWgAAAAJ BFG0EWgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104729116 104729116]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70830404|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70830404/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72705162|M. Saydil Toure]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/290973541 290973541]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705162|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705162/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60018263|Chérif F. Matta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-5353 0000-0001-8397-5353]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dewOps8AAAAJ dewOps8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23310006 23310006]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60018263|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60018263/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72705784|Jerome Dinga-Reassi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72705784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18209595|Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46611709|Namrita Lall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15816836|bacteriologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-3476 0000-0002-3242-3476]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dXWjuV4AAAAJ dXWjuV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5151776719418010841 5151776719418010841]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46611709|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46611709/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42719502|Hussein I. El-Subbagh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-9883 0000-0002-5891-9883]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42719502|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42719502/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69679368|Isabella Akyinbah Quakyi]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9csuOUAAAAAJ 9csuOUAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185589 317185589]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60885159|Sassy Molyneux]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-416X 0000-0001-9522-416X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170999118 170999118]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60885159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60885159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66940683|Charles Wambebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1627196|Pharmazeut]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-1874 0000-0002-7231-1874]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68669936 68669936]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86776456|Laila Mandi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4874-8531 0000-0002-4874-8531]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86776456|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86776456/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69620911|Afwork Gebrekirstos]]''
| ''[[:d:Q112118046|dendrochronologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=etG2BlkAAAAJ etG2BlkAAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69620911|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69620911/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804214|Robert Clement Abaidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-2252 0000-0002-1235-2252]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804214|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804214/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804230|Eric Garfunkel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804230|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804230/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64863784|Kétévi Adiklè Assamagan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-2662 0000-0002-4826-2662]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CAIzkM4AAAAJ CAIzkM4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7912150325550710090000 7912150325550710090000]
| 2019
| [[File:Assamagan's inspiration in chalk.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64863784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64863784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804979|Eyassu Seifu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4648 0000-0003-0700-4648]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804979|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804979/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136804985|Gulelat D. Haki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-3767 0000-0002-7147-3767]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136804985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805000|Karimbhai Maredia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-6674 0000-0001-8966-6674]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805000|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805000/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90670625|Violet Naanyu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-1719 0000-0003-0182-1719]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=h7R4n18AAAAJ h7R4n18AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90670625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90670625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805035|George Armah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805035/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59818338|Daniel O. Olago]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16335312|geochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-5802 0000-0001-6080-5802]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OVcYkjsAAAAJ OVcYkjsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36271982 36271982]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59818338|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59818338/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36606980|Keto E. Mshigeni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270041191 270041191]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36606980|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q36606980/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805530|Wanangwa Paxie Chirwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-973X 0000-0002-7544-973X]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805547|Donald Rugira Kugonza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-6637 0000-0002-4873-6637]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8yxmUV4AAAAJ 8yxmUV4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805575|Abidemi J. Akindele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-0437 0000-0002-9007-0437]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805659|Mona K. Marei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3767 0000-0001-9104-3767]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805659|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805659/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136805853|Silvanus Anika]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1953-5889 0009-0004-1953-5889]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136805853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28822985|Helen Rees]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1442-6734 0000-0003-1442-6734]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Zoi9JkkAAAAJ Zoi9JkkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306342322 306342322]
| 2023
| [[File:AP 150814 013(1).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28822985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891228|Bereket Selassie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51733223 51733223]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891228|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891228/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9379653 9379653]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100188207|Ali Hadi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-8xAh5IAAAAJ -8xAh5IAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51872077 51872077]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100188207|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100188207/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55207785|Mohamed-Slim Alouini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793 0000-0003-4827-1793]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HqIyyXcAAAAJ HqIyyXcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68263440 68263440]
| 2018
| [[File:ProfessorMohamedSlimAlouini.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207785|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55207785/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17579989|Glenda Gray]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-5774 0000-0002-9510-5774]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-1477 0000-0003-4649-1477]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7933149919450906650009 7933149919450906650009]
| 2015
| [[File:Glenda Gray SA.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17579989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70058215|Ekundayo E. Balogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70058215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70058215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55209372|Christian Pirk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-7044 0000-0001-6821-7044]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gmvFylEAAAAJ gmvFylEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55209372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66310471|Balla D. Ngom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-6057 0000-0003-2113-6057]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2LdAXvwAAAAJ 2LdAXvwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66310471|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66310471/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72365884|Shabaan Khalil]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72365884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72365884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60976859|Tito Fernandes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-386X 0000-0002-6841-386X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/99247123 99247123]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60976859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60976859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43099801|Daniel K. Masiga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-0887 0000-0001-7513-0887]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43099801|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43099801/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133783051|John Stephen Balirwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51320728 51320728]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133783051|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133783051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50308829|Adolé Isabelle Glitho-Akueson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/207317995 207317995]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/9501701 9501701]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50308829|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50308829/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72367389|Salif E. Diop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72367795|Malik Maaza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21329070|materials scientist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=e6kaeYMAAAAJ e6kaeYMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367795|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72367795/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102067042|Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-6017 0000-0002-8590-6017]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169173484274547231581 169173484274547231581]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102067042|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102067042/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71935566|Moustapha Bousmina]]''
| [[Umqondisi jikelele]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71935566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71935566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72368401|Philip Okinda Owuor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72368401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72368401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2879326|Bahru Zewde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32079815 32079815]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2879326/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/273180719 273180719]
| 2011
| [[File:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71648650|Salim A. Messaoudi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71648650|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71648650/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71937445|Oluwole Daniel Makinde]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71937445|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71937445/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89958961|Kenneth Ngure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0933 0000-0002-8062-0933]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89958961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89958961/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71649506|Francis B. Nyamnjoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-8874 0000-0002-4702-8874]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ohr8cwUAAAAJ Ohr8cwUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1454149198360374940001 1454149198360374940001]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/19657109 19657109]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71649506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72370801|Toka Diagana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q102038373|applied mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-2810 0000-0003-2589-2810]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wCDdpqIAAAAJ wCDdpqIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316021122 316021122]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72370801|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72370801/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169275|Jean-Pierre Ezin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66314389 66314389]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3169275|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3169275/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72371351|Georges-Ivo E. Ekosse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72371351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72371351/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59684910|Mamoudou Sétamou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4826 0000-0002-4777-4826]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59684910|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59684910/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71939470|Tsehaie Woldai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71939470|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71939470/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71651436|Sami Ahmed Khalid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q114355509|pharmacognosist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vRcHHLwAAAAJ vRcHHLwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71651888|David Justin Bakibinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39790371|Gordon S. Shephard]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-9036 0000-0002-1267-9036]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39790371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39790371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72588460|Mohamed Osman Khidir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588460|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588460/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50242187|Martin Mwangi Thuo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-8027 0000-0003-3448-8027]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50242187|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50242187/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56441710|Tolu Oni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4499-1910 0000-0003-4499-1910]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=oMBCh6QAAAAJ oMBCh6QAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Tolu Oni at World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56441710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56441710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92052093|Fathiya Khamis]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9593-9525 0000-0002-9593-9525]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c8zsN9oAAAAJ c8zsN9oAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92052093|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92052093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102144105|Luc S Djogbenou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-6321 0000-0002-7381-6321]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/214361553 214361553]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102144105|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102144105/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70426777|Jean Nachega]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-4443 0000-0002-2862-4443]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70426777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70426777/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74175287|Christopher Magadza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17269204|limnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USonkondlo|imbongi]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wCXwlXMAAAAJ wCXwlXMAAAAJ]
| 
| 1985
| [[File:Christopher Magadza.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74175287|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74175287/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72301483|Raphael Munavu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zhsL4tcAAAAJ zhsL4tcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72301483|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72301483/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74176044|Moctar Toure]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/106583276 106583276]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42314586|Nicola Mulder]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15709480|computational biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-0941 0000-0003-4905-0941]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/70810268 70810268]
| 2018
| [[File:Nicola Mulder 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42314586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42314586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47504896|Blandina Theophil Mmbaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-1916 0000-0002-5550-1916]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LaPZzyQAAAAJ LaPZzyQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/304202652 304202652]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47504896|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47504896/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74176344|Victor Doulou]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45884414 45884414]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176344|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74176344/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71725525|Ermias Dagne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70716519|Tumani Prince Corrah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70716519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70716519/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71725866|Hafida Merzouk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3358 0000-0001-5081-3358]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_tTZOoAAAAJ 4_tTZOoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/449149719127711130009 449149719127711130009]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725866|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71725866/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70428930|Youba Sokona]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-6401 0000-0001-6981-6401]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6FYIdSQAAAAJ 6FYIdSQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/115321035 115321035]
| 2018
| [[File:Youba Sokona cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70428930|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70428930/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74177459|Yahyia Abdel Mageed]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74177459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74177459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717390|Olukayode Oladipo Amund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i3EyYBMAAAAJ i3EyYBMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717704|Hilary Inyang]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-1134 0000-0001-6721-1134]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aCoXJPEAAAAJ aCoXJPEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85776830 85776830]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717704|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717704/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72591994|Shem Arungu-Olende]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72591994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72591994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72592116|Eugene O Ogunba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74178446|Fred Wangati]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74178446|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74178446/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72592578|Dharam Pal Ghai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7439507 7439507]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72592578/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043478|Matthew Olusoji Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q414528|academician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-0047 0000-0002-1675-0047]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tf4RNV4AAAAJ Tf4RNV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30157412214616050053 30157412214616050053]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71727708|Timothy U. Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69997799|Kamal Batanouny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94817139 94817139]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69997799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69997799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72593060|Stephen M. Lawani]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72593060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72593060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6707655|Lydia Makhubu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/105941756 105941756]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/194098050 194098050]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/30911288 30911288]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6707655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6707655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57888622|Charles Rotimi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X 0000-0001-5759-053X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24361648 24361648]
| 2018
| [[File:Charles Rotimi in NHGRI's Oral History Collection.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57888622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57888622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71440897|Wentzel Christoffel Andreas Gelderblom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71440897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71440897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57889447|Shane A Norris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788 0000-0001-7124-3788]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57889447/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14989035 14989035]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7285945|Rajeev Kumar Varshney]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9131 0000-0002-4562-9131]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Kdmxy8EAAAAJ Kdmxy8EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/12590879 12590879]
| 2020
| [[File:Rajeev kumar varshney (reupload).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7285945|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7285945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70576616|Oluyede Ajayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8276263 8276263]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70576616|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70576616/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58754845|Thomas Kariuki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53407323 53407323]
| 2009
| [[File:Thomas Kariuki.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58754845|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58754845/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70721384|Jacek Banasiak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3381-0774 0000-0003-3381-0774]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNmEQjQAAAAJ NNmEQjQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51985030 51985030]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70721384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72595668|Crossley C. Mjojo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72595668|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72595668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1952473|Thumbi Ndung'u]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3992 0000-0003-2962-3992]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bVCgcb8AAAAJ bVCgcb8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306421897 306421897]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1952473/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16946442|Hamet Seydi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27146029650535822620 27146029650535822620]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946442/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16946444|Hamidou Toure]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/198994396 198994396]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946444|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946444/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65964562|David Dodoo-Arhin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-2489 0000-0002-9657-2489]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=L7KmQ14AAAAJ L7KmQ14AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65964562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65964562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57026179|Ali A Hebeish]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-5228 0000-0003-3387-5228]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aLF_irsAAAAJ aLF_irsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/113370541 113370541]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57026179|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57026179/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70722412|Solomon Nwaka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7177-5290 0000-0001-7177-5290]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1415163813714139110007 1415163813714139110007]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70722412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70722412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4693015|Agnes Binagwaho]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-3151 0000-0002-6779-3151]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/277691947 277691947]
| 2017
| [[File:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4693015|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4693015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70578789|Sam Kariuki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70578789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70578789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913759|Abdoulaye A. Djimde]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2283 0000-0003-0062-2283]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Bo9WHSAAAAAJ Bo9WHSAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35153061219519200437 35153061219519200437]
| 2016
| [[File:Abdoulaye Djimde.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913762|Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0412-8733 0000-0003-0412-8733]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=J36LQBgAAAAJ J36LQBgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2333147665812160670008 2333147665812160670008]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28913763|Alexis Nzila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0148-7063 0000-0002-0148-7063]
| 
| 
| 2009
| [[File:Alexis Nzila.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28913763/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52701989|Robin M Crewe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-8250 0000-0003-4398-8250]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/172379736 172379736]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71444596|Ahmed Faheem Zobaa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71444596|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71444596/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41488|Wole Soyinka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USonkondlo|imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|umhumushi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6625963|novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|essayist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q140197632|satirical novelist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/105939176 105939176]
| 1991
| [[File:WoleSoyinka2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41488|78]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41488/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6712712|M. Jamal Deen]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-0933 0000-0002-6390-0933]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c8qsopcAAAAJ c8qsopcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55921219 55921219]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6712712|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6712712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60489118|Elizabeth Bukusi]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2031-2808 0000-0002-2031-2808]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/12079824 12079824]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60489118|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60489118/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30069554|John G. Hildebrand]]''
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|neuroscientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|ethologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30069554|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30069554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4695660|Ahmadou Lamine Ndiaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4695660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4695660/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Desmond Tutu|UDesmond Tutu]]
| ''[[:d:Q3409375|Anglican priest]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98833883|Protestant theologian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q49476|archbishop]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|political activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q137178813|protestant clergyman]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259532|cleric]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4942398 4942398]
| 1991
| [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43033|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87305323|Anis Allagui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-9158 0000-0001-6044-9158]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87305323|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87305323/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89468685|Wael Mamdouh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-1992 0000-0003-0642-1992]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89468685|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89468685/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83990352|A-S F Obada]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-7365 0000-0001-5862-7365]
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83990352|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83990352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72601343|Charles O. Nwachuku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72601343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72601343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124646921|Michael R. Templeton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1097-4805 0000-0003-1097-4805]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=I8V8rv8AAAAJ I8V8rv8AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124646921|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124646921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42181924|Viness Pillay]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-3347 0000-0002-8119-3347]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RSfUGncAAAAJ RSfUGncAAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42181924/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602116|Jacob Assam Ayuk-Takem]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602593|Thomas Silou]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602593|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602593/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47805453|Catherine Kyobutungi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-5631 0000-0002-5344-5631]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lFQmAFgAAAAJ lFQmAFgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/15908070 15908070]
| 2018
| [[File:Catherine Kyobutungi by Billy Miaron 3-4 view (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47805453|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47805453/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72602959|Stephen K. Chandiwana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72602959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71882431|Collen Masimirembwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306128234 306128234]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71882431|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71882431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72603817|Eugene Robert Terry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45631263 45631263]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72603817|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72603817/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65683788|Thokozani Majozi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q71368126|process engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0864-2393 0000-0003-0864-2393]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hIbgAsMAAAAJ hIbgAsMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/120534056 120534056]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65683788|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65683788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35985013|Sekazi Mtingwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1754150688322812660002 1754150688322812660002]
| 2023
| [[File:Sekazi Mtingwa at the 2012 Ford Fellows Conference.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35985013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35985013/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70585898|Yinsuo Jia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70585898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70585898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47807126|Eric Y. Tenkorang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-3799 0000-0001-6127-3799]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281743522 281743522]
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47807126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47807126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57467135|Chedly Abdelly]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1130 0000-0003-2249-1130]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/207239439 207239439]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57467135|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57467135/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57899756|Eugenie Kayitesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-763X 0000-0002-1808-763X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HpMhv10AAAAJ HpMhv10AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57899756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57899756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72605787|Soodursun Jugessur]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72605787|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72605787/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112541021|Pádraig Risteard Carmody]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-703X 0000-0001-8699-703X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ifK-1CIAAAAJ ifK-1CIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/48865742 48865742]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112541021|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112541021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88176339|Dora Mbanya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-8081 0000-0001-7705-8081]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16145602337101360276 16145602337101360276]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88176339|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88176339/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606039|Olusegun O. Dipeolu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606039|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606039/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606263|Samba Diallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606263|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606263/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606389|Turner T. Isoun]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31069080 31069080]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89907168|Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-437X 0000-0002-8179-437X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YkQjnu4AAAAJ YkQjnu4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89907168|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89907168/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562459|Samuel A. Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562706|Shiferaw Berhanu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58501730 58501730]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562706|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72608303|E. Evans-Anfomie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72608303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72608303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20563361|Timoleon Crepin Kofane]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TH3a8EAAAAAJ TH3a8EAAAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20563361|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20563361/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41900805|Oluwatoyin A. Odeku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 0000-0002-0732-1304]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ti-T_nsAAAAJ Ti-T_nsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/302282669 302282669]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38296739|Kunle Odunsi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UvBdM1wAAAAJ UvBdM1wAAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38296739|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38296739/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2831487|Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/76379288 76379288]
| 1985
| [[File:Ratsimamanga in China in 1972.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2831487|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2831487/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60788253|Brian Arbic]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-2294 0000-0002-7969-2294]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vFR7XYIAAAAJ vFR7XYIAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78165747135653931866 78165747135653931866]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60788253|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60788253/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=apDyKMgAAAAJ apDyKMgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224837|Berhanu M. Abegaz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224861|Philippe Rasoanaivo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224885|Maurice Tchuenté]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35981192 35981192]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30224903|Akissa Bahri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10272925|agricultural engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PDE-nSkAAAAJ PDE-nSkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34099834 34099834]
| 2006
| [[File:Akissa Bahri - Sustainable Development Goal 6 - Panel 2018.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224903|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30224903/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72611028|L. K. Shayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33405541 33405541]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30225478|Nabila Bouatia-Naji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-2134 0000-0001-5424-2134]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/198851534 198851534]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225478|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30225478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17106223|Godwin Obasi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2310145|meteorologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6745152381794201950007 6745152381794201950007]
| 1995
| [[File:Godwin Olu Patrick Obasi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17106223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17106223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72611823|Itai Chiri]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611823|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72611823/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56753367|Stella Ifeanyi Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1189 0000-0003-2163-1189]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=szjhfkcAAAAJ szjhfkcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70593706|Effiom Edem Antia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20710976|Segenet Kelemu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ePmAUaEAAAAJ ePmAUaEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2013
| [[File:Segenet Kelemu 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20710976|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20710976/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102311298|James J. Cochran]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-8909 0000-0002-8632-8909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_zYYctQAAAAJ _zYYctQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1742159474071627660455 1742159474071627660455]
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102311298|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102311298/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Graça Machel]]
| [[UMfundisi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8359428|social activist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/75572506 75572506]
| 2019
| [[File:Graça Machel.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q239105|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q239105/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72613368|Jean Nya-Ngatchou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72613368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72613368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43780295|Chibuike C. Udenigwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8802-7707 0000-0001-8802-7707]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73166596749217591273 73166596749217591273]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43780295|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43780295/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8026145|Winston Wole Soboyejo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|military flight engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| [[File:Winston Soboyejo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98565719|Adekunle A. Bakare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-1587 0000-0001-9829-1587]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48106268|Isaac Luginaah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-3048 0000-0001-7858-3048]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vmFa_KYAAAAJ vmFa_KYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/106808643 106808643]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48106268|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48106268/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5720588|Heneri Dzinotyiweyi]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94688028 94688028]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5720588|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5720588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3990566|Thomas Adeoye Lambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51762100 51762100]
| 1985
| [[File:Professor Thomas Lambo, Psychiatrist and Deputy Director-General of the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the 28th of November, 1997.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3990566|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3990566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61083095|Yahya E Choonara]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-1529 0000-0002-3889-1529]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CjSwcTAAAAAJ CjSwcTAAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61083095/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43927578|Eleni Aklillu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0790 0000-0002-9788-0790]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/731153775038961550002 731153775038961550002]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43927578|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43927578/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57624095|Said Kenai]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57624095|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57624095/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55174838|Lars Hviid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-4927 0000-0002-1698-4927]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/31781439 31781439]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55174838|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55174838/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6301957|Jibril Aminu]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/72930256 72930256]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55176086|Catherine Falade]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-6033 0000-0003-4755-6033]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/316552768 316552768]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70602296|David Olaleye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=prVk8WkAAAAJ prVk8WkAAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70602296|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70602296/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72044358|Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72044358|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72044358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65557356|Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61791734|biomathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10272925|agricultural engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-4331 0000-0002-6965-4331]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=FwpDoXMAAAAJ FwpDoXMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2001159234129003370886 2001159234129003370886]
| 2023
| [[File:Photo Prof Glèlè Kakaï.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65557356|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65557356/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70170830|Andrew Anthony Adjei]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YZ2luxAAAAAJ YZ2luxAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185588 317185588]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71756807|Pieter Streicher Steyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71756807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71036026|Mohamed Iqbal Parker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71036026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69450361|Janice Limson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/289624965 289624965]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69450361|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69450361/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71757817|Kevin Urama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71757817|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71757817/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3277673|Mahdi Elmandjra]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Isilumuki]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/97018254 97018254]
| 1985
| [[File:Elmandjra.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3277673|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3277673/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71758427|Felix S. Toteu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71758427|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71758427/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55323668|Melodie McGeoch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-2241 0000-0003-3388-2241]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mawTsz4AAAAJ mawTsz4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/103515359 103515359]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55323668|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55323668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106624|Ahmed Zewail]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DFhJDHYAAAAJ DFhJDHYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/95254701 95254701]
| 2001
| [[File:Ahmed Zewail HD2009 Othmer Gold Medal portrait.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q106624|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q106624/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450337|Kwesi Akwansah Andam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93784088 93784088]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450337|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450337/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38601327|Lewis R. Roberts]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30086937|cancer researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-8574 0000-0001-7885-8574]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38601327|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38601327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69742049|Sellama Nadifi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-1506 0000-0002-4272-1506]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1605159234656803372307 1605159234656803372307]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69742049|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69742049/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26923625|Mary Abukutsa-Onyango]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3140857|horticulturist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-3637 0000-0002-4693-3637]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jCVOGb4AAAAJ jCVOGb4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/186968571 186968571]
| 2017
| [[File:Prof. Mary Abukutsa-Onyango in 2010.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32978880|Ebenezer Laing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92014961 92014961]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71039832|Ghirmai Negash]]''
| [[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/264042026 264042026]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71039832|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71039832/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7172546|Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41874140 41874140]
| 1986
| [[File:Kisumu Governor Anyang Nyong'o giving speech.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7172546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7172546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71040152|Eunice Sahle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/43656172 43656172]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71040152|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71040152/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70607931|Nicholas Biekpe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70607931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56046785|Ahmed Hassan Fahal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-7321 0000-0003-4922-7321]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=P0kUeP0AAAAJ P0kUeP0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32146331908718691841 32146331908718691841]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56046785|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56046785/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71041270|Desta Mebratu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041270|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041270/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sGaDPpQAAAAJ sGaDPpQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65994373 65994373]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066090|Asfawossen Asrat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-8082 0000-0002-6312-8082]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/179145304390078570215 179145304390078570215]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066090/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57777886|Michael Meadows]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|umhumushi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-3055 0000-0001-8322-3055]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EufqPQMAAAAJ EufqPQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78996 78996]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71041558|Nigel Charles Bennett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71041558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58066291|Harald Winkler]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-4071 0000-0002-5826-4071]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dSxrBsMAAAAJ dSxrBsMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/292276827 292276827]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58066291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72195032|Frederick Alfred Ochieng Otieno]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72195032|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72195032/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88342374|Hai Nian]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2045 0000-0003-0227-2045]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88342374|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88342374/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70321252|Abdel-Aziz El-Shemy Hany]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70321252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70321252/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|director]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131161416|Tamer Elbatt]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-9576 0000-0002-1081-9576]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131161416|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q131161416/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q832747|Monty Jones]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| [[File:Monty Jones visits AfricaRice.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q832747|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q832747/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61816890|Lisa C du Toit]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-6338 0000-0002-2042-6338]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZziyYnsAAAAJ ZziyYnsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61816890|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61816890/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141642|Lateef Sanni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-6091 0000-0003-3363-6091]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q3H6FEMAAAAJ Q3H6FEMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69890719|Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-245X 0000-0003-3147-245X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=no7Uv1sAAAAJ no7Uv1sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313558533 313558533]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69890719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69890719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46535610|Koleka Mlisana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-3268 0000-0002-8436-3268]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BLs8bcIAAAAJ BLs8bcIAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46535610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46535610/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4726678|Alimuddin Zumla]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-5735 0000-0002-5111-5735]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4_DvHm0AAAAJ 4_DvHm0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41995147 41995147]
| 2016
| [[File:Prof Alimuddin Zumla 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4726678|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4726678/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6745901|Mamokgethi Phakeng]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-0403 0000-0002-8911-0403]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NVTI58wAAAAJ NVTI58wAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21621571 21621571]
| 2018
| [[File:Mamokgethi Phakeng - Kgethi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6745901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q67874262|Abdisalan M. Noor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bBYdXc8AAAAJ bBYdXc8AAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67874262|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q67874262/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778377|Najet Srairi-Abid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-0909 0000-0003-1296-0909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7oT6L8IAAAAJ 7oT6L8IAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/726160483742104991077 726160483742104991077]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778377|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778377/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778406|Hanadi G. Salem]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21002332|materials engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-1658 0000-0002-3455-1658]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=I7k0_tcAAAAJ I7k0_tcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778448|Mmantsae Diale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-6688 0000-0002-6035-6688]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lcfMNb8AAAAJ lcfMNb8AAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778448|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778448/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q135778620|Reneé Anne Street]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d1D0sQcAAAAJ d1D0sQcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778620|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q135778620/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100168902|Sileshi Gudeta Weldesemayat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100168902|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100168902/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6891212|Mohamed Hag Ali Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2nelb8UAAAAJ 2nelb8UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66532716 66532716]
| 1985
| [[File:Mohamed H.A. Hassan.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6891212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6891212/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3575692|Zohra Ben Lakhdar Akrout]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66772213 66772213]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3575692|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3575692/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70615870|Evance Kalula]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2299-3093 0000-0003-2299-3093]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70615870/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69895161|Olugbemiro Jegede]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|adviser]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q599151|official]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306337814 306337814]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69895161|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69895161/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59515097|Mahmoud Abdel-Aty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29169143|data scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-3165 0000-0001-8841-3165]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=gTzyb78AAAAJ gTzyb78AAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| [[File:Mahmoud Abdel-Aty 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59515097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59515097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7037244|Nils Christian Stenseth]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-5399 0000-0002-1591-5399]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GILt45oAAAAJ GILt45oAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23633896 23633896]
| 2024
| [[File:Nils Christian Stenseth 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7037244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7037244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26211942|Catherine Odora Hoppers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-7371 0000-0001-5324-7371]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qWEKG-QAAAAJ qWEKG-QAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23844553 23844553]
| 2012
| [[File:Catherine Odora-Hoppers in 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26211942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202313|Samuel Nwachuku Chukuenye Okonkwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78353836 78353836]
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70616668|Kwadwo Ansah Koram]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4274-6516 0000-0003-4274-6516]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70616668|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70616668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202604|Joseph Obua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019535|Calestous Juma]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/71462064 71462064]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019535|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019535/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133042898|Fakiha Heakal]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16744668|physical chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-6194 0000-0002-4398-6194]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KC_2T8oAAAAJ KC_2T8oAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133042898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133042898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133043195|Rose Osuji]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0713-2490 0000-0002-0713-2490]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-zmTOcYAAAAJ -zmTOcYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043195|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043195/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71050174|Zeblon Vilakazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41574105 41574105]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71050174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71050174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133043441|Susan J. Elliott]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5514-1116 0000-0001-5514-1116]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HdTGYhoAAAAJ HdTGYhoAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043441|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133043441/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70906872|Jonah Ratsimbazafy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0476 0000-0002-7629-0476]
| 
| 
| 2017
| [[File:Jonah buste.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70906872|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70906872/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70618710|Pius Nwankwo Okeke]]''
| [[USolwazi]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ApO-U6cAAAAJ ApO-U6cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/271139961 271139961]
| 2017
| [[File:PROF. PN OKEKE AS PROF. EMERITUS- 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61103748|Yuping Wu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-1205 0000-0002-0833-1205]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61103748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61103748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70618973|Paul-Kingsley Buah-Bassuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2691 0000-0001-9831-2691]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jNVeQjMAAAAJ jNVeQjMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30150380436513370888 30150380436513370888]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72204932|Seth Kofi Akyea Danso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70622164|Philip Nyeko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70622164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70622164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136796349|Davie M. Kadyampakeni]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-8190 0000-0002-5034-8190]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136796349|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136796349/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57648099|Lydia Roos]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-9983 0000-0001-7151-9983]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/202134484 202134484]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57648099|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57648099/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71776876|Muchie Mammo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105572010|political economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-3113 0000-0003-4831-3113]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4877592 4877592]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71776876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136798885|Ahmed ElSayed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136798912|Ene I. Ette]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-0454 0000-0003-3227-0454]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136798912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q73508371|Nicki Tiffin]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-2735 0000-0001-5083-2735]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5ksS5OgAAAAJ 5ksS5OgAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73508371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73508371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136799528|Ademola Adelowo Adenle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-7073 0000-0002-9429-7073]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56148570593024311615 56148570593024311615]
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799528|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799528/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136799545|Nicholas Ozor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799545|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136799545/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28817248|Francisca Mutapi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-3466 0000-0002-2537-3466]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28817248|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28817248/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=j6mTvfcAAAAJ j6mTvfcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51808329 51808329]
| 2012
| [[File:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20022984|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20022984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56786682|Bassirou Bonfoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-8202 0000-0003-4190-8202]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n0jAxlEAAAAJ n0jAxlEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56786682|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56786682/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70915482|Kojo Mensa-Wilmot]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70915482|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70915482/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59526425|Archie Mafeje]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14782628 14782628]
| 1986
| [[File:Archie Mafeje in Cape Town, August 1961 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59526425|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59526425/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86919309|Chidi Oguamanam]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-9388 0000-0003-4301-9388]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d6kPDLMAAAAJ d6kPDLMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16659891 16659891]
| 2024
| [[File:Chidi Oguamanam - 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86919309|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86919309/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78701944|Dumitru Baleanu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0286-7244 0000-0002-0286-7244]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EFO9iO4AAAAJ EFO9iO4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317140919 317140919]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78701944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78701944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70917210|Emmanuel Kasimbazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6740 0000-0002-6770-6740]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/276472921 276472921]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71842546|Hassan Mohamed Talaat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71842769|Shaukat Abdulrazak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842769|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71842769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70112908|Moffat Nyirenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-4806 0000-0003-2120-4806]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70112908|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70112908/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83809390|Abiodun Humphrey Adebayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-064X 0000-0001-5135-064X]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83809390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83809390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| [[File:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72276510|Paul Nchoji Nkwi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93078774 93078774]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72276510|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72276510/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71267784|Deresh Ramjugernath]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-7846 0000-0003-3447-7846]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=1AIPLBYAAAAJ 1AIPLBYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109148449566415690155 109148449566415690155]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71267784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90009912|Zouheir Sekkat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-829X 0000-0002-2808-829X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56853523 56853523]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90009912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90009912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42145855|Jane Catherine Ngila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-4567 0000-0002-0121-4567]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NNc4NEYAAAAJ NNc4NEYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Jane Catherine Ngila World Intellectual Property Day 2023 &quot;Women in Science – Shaping the Future&quot; Roundtable (52853221649).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42145855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71845035|Burton L.M. Mwamila]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845035|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845035/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71845450|Barthelemy Nyasse]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845450|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71845450/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16628806|Dieudonné Gumedzoé]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/104642336 104642336]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/104745518 104745518]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/29151110619437060337 29151110619437060337]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16628806|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16628806/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q40272844|Khaled Elleithy]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-5035 0000-0001-9239-5035]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6I7zOqYAAAAJ 6I7zOqYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/173154329 173154329]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40272844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40272844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70116565|Yehia Bahei-El-Din]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-1011 0000-0001-9324-1011]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3pg7TEkAAAAJ 3pg7TEkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/40741460 40741460]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70116565|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70116565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48923762|Rashid Hassan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-9617 0000-0001-5287-9617]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B9BihLsAAAAJ B9BihLsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/74908770 74908770]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48923762/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664658|Abdallah Daar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/171083594 171083594]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664658|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664658/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71848113|Driss Aboutajdine]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q60461982|information engineer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=34p8BGQAAAAJ 34p8BGQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/91147663165260552855 91147663165260552855]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71848113|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71848113/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4664945|Abdi Ismail Samatar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/223814927 223814927]
| 2013
| [[File:Professor Abdi Samatar.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4664945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69685837|Rosemary Chepkorir Sang]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|climatologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69685837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69685837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71271725|Oliver Ibe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-1992 0000-0002-5755-1992]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lM4TE0sAAAAJ lM4TE0sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/54396218 54396218]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71271725|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71271725/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63198293|Gisèle Mophou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q102038373|applied mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q48999002|numerical analyst]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-8152 0000-0001-7949-8152]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/307501118 307501118]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63198293|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63198293/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59306043|Tumani Corrah]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| [[File:Professor Tumani Corrah CBE MRG.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59306043|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59306043/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19947657|Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5842-2818 0000-0002-5842-2818]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55147266671935481200 55147266671935481200]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19947657|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19947657/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71993221|Demissie Habte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51022274 51022274]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71993221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27445659|Francine Ntoumi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-050X 0000-0003-4748-050X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/190588346 190588346]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27445659|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27445659/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71850422|James Darkwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71850422/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72571286|Fredrick Owino]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571286|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571286/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57000984|Fa-tang Li]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-090X 0000-0002-8777-090X]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57000984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57000984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71273871|Peter Christophe Vale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71273871|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71273871/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72571407|Ahmed Amin Hamza]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571407|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72571407/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70121060|Abdel Karim Koumare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4257307 4257307]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70121060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70121060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71419393|Odidi Charles Okidi]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|editor]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=c4yg2ZgAAAAJ c4yg2ZgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/166891565 166891565]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71419393|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71419393/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71275420|Masresha Fetene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lf4k8zAAAAAJ Lf4k8zAAAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71275420/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22113536|Sunday Ekesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-1360 0000-0001-9787-1360]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22113536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22113536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70122331|Paramu Mafongoya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-7767 0000-0002-2918-7767]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jam6-qsAAAAJ Jam6-qsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/13524668 13524668]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70122331/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887060|Aderemi Kuku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/111184030 111184030]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887129|Aissa Wade]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-9663 0000-0002-8441-9663]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887129|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887129/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71996907|Rashad Kebeasy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71996907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71996907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71276260|Assan Jaye]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-3179 0000-0003-0294-3179]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71276260|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71276260/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53687705|Abiy Yenesew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-3200 0000-0002-1123-3200]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/145667460 145667460]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53687705|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53687705/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37829835|Brett Pletschke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-1730 0000-0001-8117-1730]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=b9vzh4YAAAAJ b9vzh4YAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41619427 41619427]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37829835|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37829835/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59167174|David Mba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4623 0000-0001-7278-4623]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V9tO4J8AAAAJ V9tO4J8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46290755 46290755]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56860561|Rasheed A. Adeleke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8974-422X 0000-0002-8974-422X]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56860561|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56860561/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85982922|Lynn Zijenah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-896X 0000-0003-0090-896X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chwzRmIAAAAJ chwzRmIAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85982922|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85982922/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57869901|Gary Stevens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9419 0000-0003-1593-9419]
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57869901/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431102|Joash Ronald Aluoch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431102|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431102/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56428259|Leena Tripathi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q100985908|plant molecular biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-4981 0000-0001-5723-4981]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WEKeiEYAAAAJ WEKeiEYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58505887 58505887]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56428259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56428259/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19664934|Abba Gumel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1248 0000-0002-8413-1248]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MpJ7daYAAAAJ MpJ7daYAAAAJ]&lt;br/&gt;[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nEZt41cAAAAJ nEZt41cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68352879 68352879]
| 2009
| [[File:Gumel-May2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431255|Ikenna Onyido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12889407|David Bekolle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889407|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889407/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71999343|Gideon B. A. Okelo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6533462 6533462]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71999343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71999343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12889841|Godwin Osakpemwoya Samuel Ekhaguere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12889841/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62051812|Hichem Eleuch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16745601|quantum physicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-137X 0000-0002-4596-137X]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-114X 0000-0002-6836-114X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xnUL1qYAAAAJ xnUL1qYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62051812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62051812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72576319|Laban Ayieko Ogallo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2310145|meteorologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72576319|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72576319/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676572|Etim Moses Essien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q781127|Augustin Banyaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18663426|topologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60823261 60823261]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q781127|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q781127/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891811|James O. C. Ezeilo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JCLL7-sAAAAJ JCLL7-sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2919173973177923810006 2919173973177923810006]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72578352|John Ong'ayo Kokwaro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578352|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72578525|Nayel Barakat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72578525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71281142|Godfrey Banyuy Tangwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71281142|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71281142/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65659104|Abdellatif Berbich]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/281847500 281847500]
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65659104|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65659104/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-4821 0000-0002-8250-4821]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CWYli-kAAAAJ CWYli-kAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108617120 108617120]
| 2006
| [[File:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679495|Victor Adenuga Oyenuga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/190682891 190682891]
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5397944|Esi Awuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24126225 24126225]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5397944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5397944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12894830|Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-4975 0000-0002-6231-4975]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xt6cFe0AAAAJ xt6cFe0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/660152636065620050259 660152636065620050259]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92620940|Willie T. Chinyamurindi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-4224 0000-0002-4139-4224]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92620940|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92620940/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89449484|Angela J Woodiwiss]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-4125 0000-0003-2555-4125]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89449484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89449484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7849622|Tshilidzi Marwala]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|mechanical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-5510 0000-0001-7372-5510]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BTVVLk0AAAAJ BTVVLk0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6459149068376565730001 6459149068376565730001]
| 2012
| [[File:Tshilidzi Marwala 20230801.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7849622/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70707752|Justin Mbaya Kankwenda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17232463 17232463]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70707752|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70707752/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q92621619|Saliou Niassy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-4041 0000-0003-1061-4041]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92621619|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q92621619/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72005419|Najia Kbir-Ariguib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7435369 7435369]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005419|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005419/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72005621|Edemariam Tsega]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60591861 60591861]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005621|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72005621/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98388757|Fabian I. Ezema]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-1417 0000-0002-4633-1417]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98388757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98388757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70708375|Kanigula Mubagwa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/192147223 192147223]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70708375|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70708375/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72006112|Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/22366073 22366073]
| 1988
| [[File:Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja in 1967.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72006112|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72006112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3525519|Thomas Risley Odhiambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73933692 73933692]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3525519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3525519/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Adam Habib]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cinematographer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/270259342 270259342]
| 2015
| [[File:Dr. Adam Habib, University of Natal.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4679172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41587032|Emmanuel I Iwuoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-0433 0000-0001-6102-0433]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41587032|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41587032/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5112093|Christopher Chetsanga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| [[File:Christopher Chetsanga.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5112093|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5112093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61050066|Adel Belouchrani]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-7346 0000-0002-4579-7346]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xMg-DccAAAAJ xMg-DccAAAAJ]
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61050066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61050066/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69988844|Jean M.S. Lubuma]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69988844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72584189|Abdelkader Gaid]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584189|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584189/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21259711|Faith Osier]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|immunologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-5375 0000-0001-7133-5375]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=w_WSUQMAAAAJ w_WSUQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4950153532468948820000 4950153532468948820000]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21259711|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21259711/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563912|Sospeter Muhongo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/306102304 306102304]
| 2006
| [[File:Sospeter Muhongo IAEA.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7563919|Sossina M. Haile]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-6252 0000-0002-5293-6252]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/186944228 186944228]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563919|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7563919/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12898252|Wandera Ogana]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12898252|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12898252/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72584630|Abdin Mohamed Ali Salih]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584630|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72584630/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69990468|Asinisi Fina Opio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71576562|Neil John Coville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5370-1386 0000-0001-5370-1386]
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685033|Cyril Agodi Onwumechili]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| [[File:Onwumechili wiki pix.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53700005|Kogieleum Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-6661 0000-0002-8874-6661]
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53700005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53700005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61773631|Bruce Ovbiagele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-0644 0000-0002-9958-0644]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/315219302 315219302]
| 2018
| [[File:Bruce Ovbiagele in Official Veterans Health Affairs Photograph.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61773631|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61773631/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71577436|Michael Ian Cherry]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71577436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71577436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72587424|David Okpako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/60630064 60630064]
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74173507|Djodji Akoly Nyatepe-Coo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74173507|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74173507/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6990732|Nelson Sewankambo]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q913404|Doctor of Medicine]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-053X 0000-0001-9362-053X]
| 
| 
| 2015
| [[File:Fogarty-nih-50th-symposium-speaker-nelson-sewankambo (41746078365).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72588073|Abed Muhammad Peerally]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588073|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72588073/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70425789|Salah Obayya]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LufGKs4AAAAJ LufGKs4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/121088904 121088904]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70425789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70425789/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>jy368nnwxy3rdetyfjymz4va8jcau7v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Honorary Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130702</id>
      <parentid>127532</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130702</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4370" sha1="1zadnpvds5nk508f15216n98b37du8r" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q72843627 Honorary Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q72843627 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q72843627/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q72843627/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72843772|Carlos Meodas]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72843772|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72843772/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q761823|Ibrahim Assane Mayaki]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/214182859 214182859]
| 2018
| [[File:Ibrahim-assane-mayaki-nepad-press-brefing-2011-10-07.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q761823|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q761823/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2637050|Mamphela Ramphele]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51848589 51848589]
| 2018
| [[File:Mamphela Ramphele, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637050/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16194663|PLO Lumumba]]''
| [[Usomthetho|ummeli]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Timothy and PLO-Lumumba in Lusaka.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16194663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16194663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72855367|Khotso David Kenneth Mokhele]]''
| [[Usomabhizinisi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72855367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72857455|Ashraf Mansour]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72857455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72857455/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q202006|Olesegun Obasanjo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47064|military personnel]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27079337 27079337]
| 2011
| [[File:Olusegun Obasanjo DD-SC-07-14396-cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q202006|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q202006/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Naledi Pandor]]
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/172980056 172980056]
| 2018
| [[File:South African Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor at the State Department in Washington, D.C. on September 26, 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11043304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11043304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57418|Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51711979 51711979]
| 2014
| [[File:Denis Sassou Nguesso on April 29, 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57418|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57418/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57449|Seretse Khama Ian Khama]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|aircraft pilot]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q152951|lieutenant general]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/101455210 101455210]
| 2016
| [[File:Ian Khama (2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57449|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57449/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26923551|Eddah Gachukia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q974144|educator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|umninibhizinisi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26923551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5042277|Carlos Lopes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/44312594 44312594]
| 2018
| [[File:Carlos Lopes - Monopoly in Africa? Investment and sustainable development Heinrich Boell Foundation (35033125562) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5042277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5042277/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>1zadnpvds5nk508f15216n98b37du8r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the Botswana Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130785</id>
      <parentid>125725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:01:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1148" sha1="523jssj0168cm0gvrt1x6ju4kwhz8yw" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q71712013 Fellows of the Botswana Academy of Sciences]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q71712013 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q71712013/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q71712013/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66753472|Nelson Torto]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AsEAq6gAAAAJ AsEAq6gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/206679357 206679357]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66753472/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>523jssj0168cm0gvrt1x6ju4kwhz8yw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130426</id>
      <parentid>129783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:19:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51129" sha1="sj42q52fl4dacjqgtj9w82lvrc80cqs" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q69326471 Fellows of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q69326471 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q69326471/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q69326471/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101565|Joseph Roland Atsu Ayee]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101565|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101573|Daniel Mireku-Gyimah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101573|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101573/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101583|Kofi Opoku Nti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101583|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101591|Jacob Songsore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101591|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101591/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101597|Samuel Kofi Adjepong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101597|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101597/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101619|Godwin Kwaku Senanu Aflakpui]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-1543 0000-0003-4672-1543]
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101619|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101619/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46995605|Robert K. A. Gardiner]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/265858339 265858339]
| 1970
| [[File:Robert Gardiner with American diplomats posted to West African countries during regional conference.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46995605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q46995605/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7926065|Victor Kofi Agawu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24705369 24705369]
| 2000
| [[File:Kofi Agawu 2017 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7926065|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7926065/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58241444|John S. Pobee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1423891|Christian minister]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93085929 93085929]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58241444|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58241444/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55214946|Dorcas Osei-Safo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-3485 0000-0001-7311-3485]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55214946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55214946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137103551|Kwasi Kwafo Adarkwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137103811|Aaron Lante Lawson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137103963|James Hawkins Ephriam]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137103963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16001775|Marian Ewurama Addy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/221075835 221075835]
| 1999
| [[File:Portrait of Marian Ewurama Addy for Wiki Unseen (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16001775|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16001775/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105675663|Nana Aba Appiah Amfo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7689-4894 0000-0002-7689-4894]
| 
| 
| 2021
| [[File:Prof Nana Aba Appiah.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105675663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105675663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3603738|Ablade Glover]]''
| ''[[:d:Q483501|artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/170558333 170558333]
| 2010
| [[File:Ablade Glover.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3603738|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3603738/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64876341|Evelyn Ansah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-8606 0000-0003-0401-8606]
| 
| 
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876341|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64876341/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168308|Ibok Nsa Ekpenyong Oduro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168308|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168308/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137169656|Pius Thomas Kumah Agbenorku]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137169656|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137169656/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1794906|Kwame Gyekye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56640715 56640715]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1794906|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1794906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51245976|Richmond Aryeetey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-592X 0000-0003-4667-592X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/1015160245381652640004 1015160245381652640004]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51245976|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51245976/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65086418|Marian Asantewah Nkansah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-6741 0000-0001-6187-6741]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ro-ktVgAAAAJ Ro-ktVgAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| [[File:Marian Asantewah 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65086418|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65086418/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7562842|Sophia Akuffo]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32173908086919952171 32173908086919952171]
| 2021
| [[File:Sophia Akuffo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7562842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7562842/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66817636|Grace Ofori-Sarpong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-4864 0000-0002-9448-4864]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66817636|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66817636/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48796396|Dzodzi Tsikata]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-8268 0000-0003-0547-8268]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61762600 61762600]
| 2016
| [[File:Dzodzi Tsikata in the video 'Making their voices count the situation in Ghana'.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48796396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48796396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57015101|Adams B. Bodomo]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-3681 0000-0002-3807-3681]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VJErq8AAAAAJ VJErq8AAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/61836456 61836456]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57015101|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57015101/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127660961|Franklin Obeng-Odoom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-7751 0000-0003-3997-7751]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qCiFFWEAAAAJ qCiFFWEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/284175015 284175015]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q127660961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q127660961/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1079879|Christian Goncalves Kwami Baëta]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Isithunywa sevangeli]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79133374 79133374]
| 1961
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1079879|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1079879/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14920500|Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/395163091939595070007 395163091939595070007]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/68619615 68619615]
| 2005
| [[File:Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q14920500|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q14920500/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137034402|Walter Sandow Alhassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137034402|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137034402/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137180953|Japhet Christian Norman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137180953|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137180953/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137184426|Emmanuel Amano Boateng]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137184426|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137184426/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60486176|Ama de-Graft Aikins]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-0134 0000-0001-9215-0134]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/308758174 308758174]
| 2016
| [[File:Ama de-Gratft Aikins.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60486176|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60486176/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q95952810|Gladys Amponsah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-6542 0000-0002-0503-6542]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q95952810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q95952810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137185689|F.G.I. Torto]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185689/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137185713|Nii Amaah Ollennu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185713|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185713/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137185721|J A K Quartey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185721|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137185721/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125220430|Samuel Kingsley Botwe Asante]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24675676 24675676]
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q125220430|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q125220430/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137186860|Sifas R. Dodu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137186860|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137186860/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5415879|Evans Anfom]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4090993 4090993]
| 1971
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5415879|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5415879/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3397837|Kofi Anyidoho]]''
| [[USonkondlo|imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|playwright]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81708330|teacher of literature]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17167049|literary scholar]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-750X 0000-0001-8643-750X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79047971 79047971]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3397837|20]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3397837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63373429|Peter Quartey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-8500 0000-0002-3473-8500]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/165967872 165967872]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63373429|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63373429/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137044486|Aba Ayisa Bentil Andam]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137044486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137044486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q374395|Fred Kwasi Apaloo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q374395|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q374395/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191869|Fredrick Torgbor Sai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1961
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191869|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191869/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191888|J.C. de Graft-Johnson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1961
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191907|Emmanuel. Lartey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1962
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62511897|Silas Dodu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62511897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62511897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191948|Francis K. Apaloo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1962
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191948|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191948/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191959|Joseph Yanney Ewusie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1963
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137191966|Daniel Adjei Bekoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1964
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191966|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137191966/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137192490|Albert Nii Tackie]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1964
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192490|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192490/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137192497|John E. Cudjoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1964
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192497|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192497/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137192503|Dan Akyeampong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1969
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192503|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137192503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5133018|Clifford Nii Boi Tagoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5133018|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5133018/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137048947|Henritta Joy Abena Nyarko Mensa-Bonsu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137048945|Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137048957|Victor Patrick Yao Gadzekpo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137048957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112540134|Richard Frimpong Oppong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/266995248 266995248]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112540134|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q112540134/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137193206|K.A. Dickson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1969
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137193206|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137193206/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137049695|Raphael Kasim Kasanga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049695|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049695/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137049699|Emmanuel Kofi Gyimah-Boadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049699|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049699/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137049702|Samuel Kofi Sefa-Dedeh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049702/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137049708|Edward Horga Kordzo Akaho]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137049708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137194888|Robert Kwamena Gardiner]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1970
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137194912|Kwesi Wiredu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1975
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194912|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194912/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137194951|R.F. Ampofo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194951|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194951/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137194985|Jonathan H. Frimpong-Ansah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194985|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194985/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137194994|David Kpakpo Aquaye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194994|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137194994/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195008|Daniel Asamoah Ampofo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195008|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195008/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195090|Reginald Kofi Gyapayin Assoku]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195090|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195090/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q377908|J. B. Danquah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20826540|scholar]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/111590 111590]
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q377908|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q377908/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195206|Emmanuel Nana Wadie Oppong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195206|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195206/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195681|Lawrence Addai Boadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195681|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195681/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195748|Max Assimeng]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195754|Seth Yeboa Bimpong-Buta]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195754/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195789|Dominic Kofi Agyeman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195789|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195789/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195797|Ralph Mills-Tettey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195797|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195797/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137195814|Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195814|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137195814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137052330|Albert Kodzo Fiadjoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137052330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137052330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133594246|Kwasi Ampene]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/119388541 119388541]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133594246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133594246/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20855161|Letitia Obeng]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/271978226 271978226]
| 1965
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20855161|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20855161/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32678414|Gordon A. Awandare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-3641 0000-0002-8793-3641]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/83153833254564332890 83153833254564332890]
| 2019
| [[File:Prof. Gordon Awandare portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32678414|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32678414/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133023526|Samuel Kofi Tulashie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/159053698 159053698]
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133023526|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q133023526/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q965420|J. H. Kwabena Nketia]]''
| [[Umqambi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17484288|ethnomusicologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2622069 2622069]
| 1959
| [[File:J. H. Kwabena Nketia 2015 (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q965420|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q965420/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87759005|Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46801406 46801406]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87759005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87759005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70170830|Andrew Anthony Adjei]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YZ2luxAAAAAJ YZ2luxAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185588 317185588]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70170830/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55610828|Emmanuel Asante]]''
| ''[[:d:Q831474|presbyter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55610828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55610828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30237695|George C. Clerk]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6244303 6244303]
| 1973
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30237695|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30237695/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6449932|Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68597176 68597176]
| 2002
| [[File:Kwabena Frimpong-Boateng.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6449932|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6449932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6450349|Kwesi Dickson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q42603|priest]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79410404 79410404]
| 1969
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450349|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6450349/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32978880|Ebenezer Laing]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/92014961 92014961]
| 1965
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32978880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18131843|Alexander Kwapong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16727193|humanities scholar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/105255181 105255181]
| 1959
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18131843|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18131843/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43073394|Kwesi Yankah]]''
| [[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43073394|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43073394/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q124675548|RoseEmma Mamaa Entsua-Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q96952661|fisheries scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q108369443|aquatic ecologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DG9HHrEAAAAJ DG9HHrEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/43783804 43783804]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124675548|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q124675548/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q546121|Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/26330636 26330636]
| 2013
| [[File:Peter Turkson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q546121|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q546121/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104781085|Maxwell Opoku-Afari]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104781085|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q104781085/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7034351|Nii Quaynor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| [[File:Nii Quaynor.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7034351|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7034351/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15975603|Alfred Apau Oteng-Yeboah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|environmentalist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15975603|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15975603/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21598237|Felix Konotey-Ahulu]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1970
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21598237|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21598237/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123238535|Anthony Apeke Adimado]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-4845 0000-0002-6444-4845]
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q123238535|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q123238535/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114877387|Samuel Gyasi Obeng]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-6908 0000-0002-3793-6908]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32217495 32217495]
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114877387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114877387/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70618973|Paul-Kingsley Buah-Bassuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2691 0000-0001-9831-2691]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jNVeQjMAAAAJ jNVeQjMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30150380436513370888 30150380436513370888]
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618973/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72204932|Seth Kofi Akyea Danso]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72204932/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1417844|Peter Kwasi Sarpong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56651758 56651758]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1417844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1417844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63699917|Akilagpa Sawyerr]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108799880 108799880]
| 1992
| [[File:Akilagpa Sawyerr 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63699917|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63699917/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18719171|Samuel Date-Bah]]''
| [[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73338028 73338028]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18719171|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18719171/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27947623|John Owusu Gyapong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-1468 0000-0002-8415-1468]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vLXYL5cAAAAJ vLXYL5cAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27947623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q27947623/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98159384|Gabriel Ayum Teye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-5199 0000-0002-9564-5199]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98159384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98159384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q114740219|Samuel Agyei-Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-393X 0000-0002-6418-393X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2ZzSOK0AAAAJ 2ZzSOK0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2446551 2446551]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/3203161211627840070009 3203161211627840070009]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114740219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q114740219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89655301|Eric Sampane-Donkor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-546X 0000-0002-5179-546X]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89655301|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89655301/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42659477|Joy Henrietta Mensa-Bonsu]]''
| [[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55736868|national supreme court judge]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23875795 23875795]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42659477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42659477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41080249|Kwame Bediako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|theologian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6642643 6642643]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41080249|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41080249/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19600108|Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19600108|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19600108/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101555|Laud Ato Quayson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101555|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101555/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101552|Raymond Bagulo Bening]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101552/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137101567|Kaku Sagary Nokoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137101567/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106230|Batholomew Dicky Akanmori]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106230|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106230/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106235|Benjamin Kwadwo Ahunu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106235|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106239|Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106239|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106239/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106254|Kantinka Kwame Donkoh Fordwor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106254|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106254/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106278|Dwomah Adu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106278|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106278/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106286|Arthur Commey Sackeyfio]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106286|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106286/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106290|Stephen Allan Brobbey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137106293|Henry Nii-Adziri Wellington]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106293|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137106293/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5479986|Francis Allotey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/21408100 21408100]
| 1971
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5479986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111015735|Ladé Wosornu]]''
| [[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015735/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111015897|Samuel Ofosu-Amaah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1972
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015897|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111015953|Francis Kwesi Nkrumah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015953|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111015953/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137111363|Benjamin Jabez Botwe Nyarko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137111363|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137111363/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105394623|Agyeman Badu Akosa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105394623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105394623/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54358710|George Benneh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q901402|geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19818501 19818501]
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54358710|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54358710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137112720|Yaw Serfor-Armah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137112720|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137112720/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105828374|Takyiwaa Manuh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-2458 0000-0003-4605-2458]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17549873 17549873]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105828374|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105828374/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55081333|Akosua Adoma Perbi]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64315244 64315244]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55081333|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55081333/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97467404|Herbert Winful]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| [[File:Herbert winful portrait.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q97467404|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q97467404/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105829330|Eugenia Date-Bah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130771642|Steve Tonah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|sociologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7403-9408 0009-0000-7403-9408]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/69613861 69613861]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q130771642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q130771642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734239|Vincent Cyril Richard Arthur Charles Crabbe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9097469 9097469]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16734239|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16734239/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5345157|Edward S. Ayensu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104188750|life scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1345663|development worker]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sTCOg4EAAAAJ sTCOg4EAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/66555068 66555068]
| 1970
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5345157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6504143|Lawrence Henry Yaw Ofosu-Appiah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18916625|hellenist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16314501|encyclopedist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|umhumushi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27106188 27106188]
| 1961
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6504143|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6504143/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q109735228|Bruce Kofi Banoeng-Yakubo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-3169 0000-0001-5824-3169]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q109735228|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q109735228/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38803731|Godfred Darko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7157-646X 0000-0001-7157-646X]
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38803731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38803731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65619811|Edwin Jackson Anafi Asomaning]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1970
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65619811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65619811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17612440|Ivan Addae Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612440|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612440/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72542674|Samuel Yeboah Mensah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72542674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64759401|Emmanuel Quaye Archampong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/5111161212113340070004 5111161212113340070004]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/68021241 68021241]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64759401|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64759401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6226728|John Collins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q14915627|musicologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20669622|music journalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umculi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1930187|intatheli]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q753110|umbhali wengoma]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/112659683 112659683]
| 2019
| [[File:John Collins (musician-researcher).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6226728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6226728/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71680967|Richard Tuyee Awuah]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71680967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18340364|Aba Andam]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2123587 2123587]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18340364|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18340364/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65054359|Samuel Nii Odai]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-5376 0000-0002-9910-5376]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ojrZBrkAAAAJ ojrZBrkAAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65054359|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65054359/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61161810|Regina Appiah-Opong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-7107 0000-0003-4219-7107]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61161810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61161810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137140103|Hans Adu Dappah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137140572|John Wisdom Tettey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137140936|Daniel Buor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137140936/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081343|Charles Odamtten Easmon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/207101141 207101141]
| 1971
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5081343|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5081343/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108739722|Joshua Yindenaba Abor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56352811|financial economist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q108739722|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q108739722/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28870489|Dorothy Yeboah-Manu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-6287 0000-0002-1663-6287]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/315597104 315597104]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28870489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28870489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q102109219|Martin Odei Ajei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102109219|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q102109219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137143876|James Dankwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137143881|Sylvester Kojo Danuor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143881|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143881/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137143894|Geroge Tawia Odamtten]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143894|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137143894/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1254|Kofi Annan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q372436|statesperson]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/98713807 98713807]
| 2013
| [[File:Kofi Annan 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1254|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1254/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6240490|John Hunwick]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q620573|arabist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|umhumushi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q101444619|Arabic teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/88041609 88041609]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6240490|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6240490/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1483543|Joseph Osei-Bonsu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q250867|Catholic priest]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q611644|Catholic bishop]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/95246715 95246715]
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1483543|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1483543/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2637530|Albert Adu Boahen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56634367 56634367]
| 1969
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637530|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2637530/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19938088|William Emmanuel Abraham]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/119064446 119064446]
| 1960
| [[File:WE ABRAHAM.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19938088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19938088/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18353479|Emmanuel K. Akyeampong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-1738 0000-0001-8146-1738]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Pvw7_dcAAAAJ Pvw7_dcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/32224150 32224150]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18353479|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18353479/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57856831|Paa Kobina Turkson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-2021 0000-0002-5319-2021]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57856831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57856831/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47188667|Jonathan Narh Ayertey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47188667|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47188667/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69679368|Isabella Akyinbah Quakyi]]''
| [[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9csuOUAAAAAJ 9csuOUAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317185589 317185589]
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69679368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136141984|Dennis Dominic Adjei]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136141984|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q136141984/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47189886|Albert George Baidoe Amoah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47189886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47189886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137152559|Helen Lauer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137152559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137152559/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137153120|Albert Kanlisi Awedoba]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137153120|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137153120/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1777921|Kobina Arku Korsah]]''
| [[Usomthetho|ummeli]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/73508244 73508244]
| 1959
| [[File:Sir-Kobina-Arku-Korsah.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1777921|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1777921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5238191|David Ofori-Adjei]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-4188 0000-0003-1912-4188]
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5238191|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5238191/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137154398|Jospehine Akosua Abrefi Adomako Ampofo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137154398|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137154398/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137011986|Letitia E. Obeng]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1965
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137011986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137011986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98662836|Francis Hasford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-8004 0000-0003-0252-8004]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/40162060270251400066 40162060270251400066]
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98662836|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98662836/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137013467|Reginald Fraiser Amonoo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1972
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137013467|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137013467/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137157691|George Wireko Brobbey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137157691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137157691/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57864406|David Kofi Essumang]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-7895 0000-0002-0589-7895]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57864724|Daniel K. Asiedu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-8223 0000-0001-7410-8223]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864724|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57864724/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137014461|Kodwo Ewusi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137014461|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137014461/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137159026|Helen Yitah Atamube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137159026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137159026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117840680|Anaba Anankyela Alemna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q5340962|library science education]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomtapolwazi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q117840680|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q117840680/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137160031|Bill B. Puplampu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160031|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160031/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137160255|Julius Najah Fobil]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137160777|George Obeng-Adjei]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160777|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160777/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137160907|Yaw Adu-Gyamfi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137160986|Kwaku Appiah-Adu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137160986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137161012|Edward Kofi Quashigah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137161045|Victor Kwame Agyeman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161045|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137161045/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5392741|Ernest Aryeetey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-9487 0000-0002-3931-9487]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/114136397 114136397]
| 2009
| [[File:Board and Staff 2013 (10036911864).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5392741|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5392741/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164191|Samuel Akobour Yaw Debrah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164191|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164191/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164194|Peter R. Lamptey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164194|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164194/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164512|Kofi Agyekum]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164512/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164551|Emmanuel Bekoe Larbi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164602|Amos K. Laar]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164602|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164602/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63638114|Felix Ameka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15936497|Africanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|linguist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13418253|philologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jpN2GQUAAAAJ jpN2GQUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/119429856 119429856]
| 2015
| [[File:FelixAmeka2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63638114|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63638114/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86849509|Kwamena Bentsi-Enchill]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/72781935 72781935]
| 1970
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86849509|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86849509/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q88147153|Anna Lartey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-2606 0000-0002-7870-2606]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6787161514255570750007 6787161514255570750007]
| 2025
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88147153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q88147153/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137164965|Elsie Effah Kauffmann]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164965|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137164965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137022010|Samuel Kwadwo Owusu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137022244|Edward Donkor Yeboah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137022371|Yaw Ahenkorah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137022371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137023574|Godwin Kwaku Nukunya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023574|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023574/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168000|John Tei Anim]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168000|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168000/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168011|Sarah Darkwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168011/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168064|Ace Anan Ankomah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168064|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168064/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168094|Joseph Awetori Yaro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168094|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168106|Alex Boakye Asiedu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2023
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168106|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168106/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168138|Samuel Egyir Aggrey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168138|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168138/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168153|Joe-Nat Afutu Clegg-Lamptey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168153|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168153/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168195|Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168195|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168195/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137168283|Frederick Yeboah Obese]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168283|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137168283/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>sj42q52fl4dacjqgtj9w82lvrc80cqs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the Nigerian National Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130342</id>
      <parentid>129799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T14:25:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130342</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68302" sha1="4hf0mukc4xv21fry8jpjt1kwwtoq9ar" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q69092328 Fellows of the Nigerian National Academy of Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q69092328 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q69092328/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q69092328/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112716|Charles Okechukwu Esimone]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-6763 0000-0002-1753-6763]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305561378 305561378]
| 2017
| [[File:Prof. Charles Esimone.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112716/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75833792|Alex Boyo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3332427|clinical pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17156912|malariologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[File:A.E. Boyo. Photograph. Wellcome V0028066 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833792/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75833964|Babatunde Olusiji Osunkoya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75833964/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75113556|Edith Oriabure Ajaiyeoba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113556/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75113702|Chidi Emmanuel Akujor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75113702/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64878034|Adesola Ogunniyi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-8956 0000-0002-2946-8956]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64878034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114533|Peter Achuike Akah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114533/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75114791|Richard Adebayo Adegbola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75114791/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64735479|Ayodele Olajide Falase]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69948825|medical faculty]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/12370842 12370842]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64735479/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75836662|Gabriel Ediale Osuide]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75836662/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74107303|Olapeju Aiyelaagbe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-4104 0000-0003-2281-4104]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xCFGB1QAAAAJ xCFGB1QAAAAJ]
| 
| 2024
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74107303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85354126|Ganiyu Oboh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5167-9779 0000-0001-5167-9779]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85354126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839440|Samuel Alasoadura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839440/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839463|Emmanuel Ayotunde Yoloye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839463/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64738505|Charles Igwe Arizechukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2021
| [[File:THE NEW VC READING ANGLICAN HYMS DURING HIS INAUGRATION AT EKPO REFECTORY UNN.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64738505/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839678|Patrick Iloba Amenechi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839678/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839685|Frank Mene Adedemiswanye Ukoli]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27497422|helminthologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/70271313 70271313]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839685/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839691|Samuel Afolabi Toye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839691/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839696|Ayodele Tella]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75839861|Mosobalaje Olaloye Oyawoye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75839861/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71804243|Bede Okigbo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3746192|phytopathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7201517|plant geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31022139 31022139]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71804243/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7072146|O. O. Adewoye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7072146/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17164819|Chukwuedu Nwokolo]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| [[File:Chukwuedu Nwokolo and Family 4.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17164819/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105829346|Christine Oppong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-5405 0000-0003-4488-5405]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=6mZcjt4AAAAJ 6mZcjt4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/22288059 22288059]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105829346/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75266550|Akintoye Olusegun Coker]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75266550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43549311|Olanike Adeyemo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-5090 0000-0003-3404-5090]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AbsyqJgAAAAJ AbsyqJgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305638553 305638553]
| 2016
| [[File:Prof Olanike Adeyemo portrait .jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43549311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75699562|Olabopo Osuntokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12013238|ophthalmologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699562/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75699847|Vincent E. Aimakhu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75699847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75267821|Sunday A. Bwala]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75267821/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15725998|Francisca Nneka Okeke]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/182166797 182166797]
| 2010
| [[File:Prof. Francisca Okeke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15725998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6932958|Muhammed K. Abubakar]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6932958/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062079|Isaac Folorunso Adewole]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-2514 0000-0002-5341-2514]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/246152742984427732066 246152742984427732066]
| 2011
| [[File:Prof. Isaac F. Adewole (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75270070|Alphonso C.I. Anusiem]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270070/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062192|Kehinde Oluwatoyin Ladipo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062369|Isa Marte Hussaini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75270408|Lekan S. Salimonu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75270408/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21062618|Nicholas Agiobi Damachi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21062618/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43697544|Anthony I. Okoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-085X 0000-0002-9770-085X]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43697544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063465|Oluwole Akinyele Agbede]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063465/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063472|Uche Veronica Amazigo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063472/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21063473|Sunny Edet Ohia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21063473/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16017608|Fabian Anene Ositadimma Udekwu]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16017608/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71811551|Oluwafeyisola Sylvester Adegoke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/161366269 161366269]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71811551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75128324|Jude U. Ohaneri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75128324/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50331388|Oluwatoyin Ogundipe]]''
| [[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q723682|dean]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/219152138567310980964 219152138567310980964]
| 2017
| [[File:Prof Ogundipe.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q50331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64748489|Donald E U Ekong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/84158185823020062190 84158185823020062190]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64748489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18326258|Tolu Olukayode Odugbemi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-8666 0000-0002-7597-8666]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LI2E6S8AAAAJ LI2E6S8AAAAJ]
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18326258/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75275218|Gabriel O. Ajayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75275218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21933512|Friday Okonofua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-2606 0000-0002-8777-2606]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lWa_57sAAAAJ lWa_57sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31975441 31975441]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46200996 46200996]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21933512/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21934164|Babalola Chinedum Peace]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 0000-0001-9173-8032]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ Lvw32FsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| [[File:Professor Babalola Chinedum Peace.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21934164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4778204|Anya Oko Anya]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72739525 72739525]
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4778204/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75279014|Salihu Mustafa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75279014/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7086859|Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/35882343 35882343]
| 1992
| [[File:Family Ransome Kuti c1940.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7086859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71100029|Ebenezer Farombi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/54152682509123311242 54152682509123311242]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71100029/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088847|Olumbe Bassir]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088876|Benjamin Oluwakayode Osuntokun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q783906|neurologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45860555 45860555]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7088876/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75282910|Pius J.  Egbelu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75282910/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42412314|Iruka N. Okeke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1694-7587 0000-0002-1694-7587]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KCc3tdAAAAAJ KCc3tdAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/124748506 124748506]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42412314/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145837|Joseph Olorunfemi Ojo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145837/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145843|Patrick Oladipo Aina]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145843/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145840|Adekunle Odunsi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145840/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145841|Chidi Adonis Ibe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145841/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145883|Dennies Edokpaigbe Agbonlahor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145883/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145886|Ogoamaka Patience Osadebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145884|John Okhienaiye Agbenin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145885|John Adeyinka Adekoya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145892|Sunday Ayodele Odunfa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145892/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145903|James Adeche Momoh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85217213 85217213]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145903/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145906|Oladele O. Kale]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75145907|John Alechenu Idoko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75145907/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146079|Chukwudozie Daniel Ezeokoli]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146215|Tola Atinmo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146291|Sunday Ene-ojo Atawodi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146291/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146363|Alfred B.O. Soboyejo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146363/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146547|Akinyhinka Omokolapo Omigbodun]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75146946|Akaehomen O. Akii Ibhadode]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75146946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20650974|Akpanoluo Ikpong Ikpong Ette]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20650974/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100233959|Grace Olusola Gbotosho]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100233959/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75148458|Victor Onwubalili Anosa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75148458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21229527|Abel Idowu Olayinka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/56062335 56062335]
| 2012
| [[File:Abel Idowu Olayinka.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21229527/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22671516|Ekanem Ikpi Braide]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/28596456 28596456]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22671516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75149847|Kayode Oyebode Adebowale]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| [[File:IMG-20230611-WA0020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75149847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18204919|Akinpelu Oludele Adesola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q774306|surgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18204919/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18205082|Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/65322217 65322217]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18205082/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72558558|Nduka Okafor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72558558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69963952|Babafemi Taiwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69963952/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71694570|Joseph I. Okogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71694570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75298842|Gabriel I. Ekeke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75298842/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18209595|Oyewusi Ibidapo Obe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18209595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q87845157|Musa Toyin Yakubu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-5795 0000-0002-3310-5795]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q87845157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66940683|Charles Wambebe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1627196|Pharmazeut]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-1874 0000-0002-7231-1874]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68669936 68669936]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q66940683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75303109|E. Efiom Ene-Obong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21879208 21879208]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303109/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75303346|Timothy A. I. Akeju]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303346/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75303536|Yetunde Mercy Olumide]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38596181 38596181]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75303536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86837542|Bamidele I Olu-Owolabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-6004 0000-0003-4668-6004]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q86837542/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56274103|Joseph Abiodun Balogun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-3828 0000-0001-8106-3828]
| 
| 
| 2017
| [[File:Joseph Abiodun Balogun, PT, Ph.D., FACSM, FNSP, FAS, FRSPH.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56274103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18359012|Oyewale Tomori]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/21066260 21066260]
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18359012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509767|Victor Omololu Olunloyo]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3509767/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3511417|Iya Abubakar]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[File:Prof Iya Abubakar portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3511417/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5097406|Chike Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USonkondlo|imbongi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5097406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75164951|Obioma Nwaorgu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|human rights defender]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75164951/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75165166|Boniface C.E. Egboka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75165166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56999820|Olubukola O Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17989045|vice president]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4344-1909 0000-0003-4344-1909]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rmHHG2UAAAAJ rmHHG2UAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56999820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75167018|Babajide Ibitayo Alo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75167018/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75168259|Siyanbola Malomo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168259/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75168424|Sonny F. Kuku]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75168424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12887060|Aderemi Kuku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/111184030 111184030]
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12887060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89442182|Abdulrazaq G Habib]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-8724 0000-0003-4219-8724]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89442182/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75169925|O. Sodeinde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75169925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59167174|David Mba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4623 0000-0001-7278-4623]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=V9tO4J8AAAAJ V9tO4J8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46290755 46290755]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59167174/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12888834|Charles Chidume]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/104314245 104314245]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/81470209 81470209]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12888834/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19664934|Abba Gumel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1248 0000-0002-8413-1248]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=MpJ7daYAAAAJ MpJ7daYAAAAJ]&lt;br/&gt;[https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nEZt41cAAAAJ nEZt41cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68352879 68352879]
| 2010
| [[File:Gumel-May2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19664934/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72431255|Ikenna Onyido]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72431255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20675871|Andrew Jonathan Nok]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675871/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20675886|Anthony Afolabi Adegbola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675886/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20675920|Augustine Njoku Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20675920/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412307|Samuel Okoye]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/45840335 45840335]
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7412307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676177|Caleb Olaniyan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676177/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676391|David Okali]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676554|Emmanuel Ndubisi Maduagwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676556|Emmanuel Emovon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676556/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676572|Etim Moses Essien]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676572/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19667396|Abubakar Sani Sambo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19667396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891436|Haroon Tejumola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20676674|Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/122320023 122320023]
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20676674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12891811|James O. C. Ezeilo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JCLL7-sAAAAJ JCLL7-sAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/2919173973177923810006 2919173973177923810006]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12891811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20677132|Jarlath Udoudo Umoh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-6397 0000-0001-6021-6397]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20677132/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105881986|Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305731117 305731117]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q105881986/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137023080|S. Kwame Karikari]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q137023080/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20679495|Victor Adenuga Oyenuga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/190682891 190682891]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20679495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12894384|Micah Osilike]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-4216 0000-0001-7860-4216]
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12894384/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16211147|Adeyinka Gladys Falusi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-3336 0000-0002-3064-3336]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/63491918 63491918]
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16211147/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69122806|Henrietta Ene-Obong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-6751 0000-0002-9125-6751]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/86278507 86278507]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69122806/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75178546|Rotimi A. Oderinde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75178546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59752625|Mike Onyekonwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-6285 0000-0002-4406-6285]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-9105 0000-0002-8690-9105]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59752625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12897525|Sunday Iyahen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/16288103 16288103]
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12897525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75179014|Tom A. Aire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75179014/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75900303|Anthony Momodu Oseni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75900303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20683859|Awele Maduemezia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20683859/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75901226|Theophilus Oladipo Ogunlesi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/46517165 46517165]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8230160667773703560004 8230160667773703560004]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8764160668122903560009 8764160668122903560009]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901226/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75901435|Agu U. Ogan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75901435/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684458|Lateef Akinola Salako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684458/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684849|Mojeed Olayide Abass]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684849/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20684880|Kalu Mosto Onuoha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/12398146 12398146]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20684880/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685015|Domingo Okorie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685016|Olaitan Soyannwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28837|anesthesiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|consultant]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685016/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685026|Olusoga Sofola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-0488 0000-0002-5532-0488]
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685033|Cyril Agodi Onwumechili]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[File:Onwumechili wiki pix.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685033/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4682391|Adetokunbo Lucas]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/50821596 50821596]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4682391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75902610|Theodore Idibiye Francis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902610/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47501298|Obinna Onwujekwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-4285 0000-0002-1214-4285]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lVcCp5gAAAAJ lVcCp5gAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305447338 305447338]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q47501298/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75902834|Akinyele Fabiyi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75902834/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20685746|Temitayo Shokunbi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-6862 0000-0002-7819-6862]
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20685746/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72587424|David Okpako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/60630064 60630064]
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72587424/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75903479|Mark O. Chijioke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75903479/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20687464|Umaru Shehu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| [[File:Nigerian Public Domain 563.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20687464/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75906548|Olumuyiwa Awe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38219967 38219967]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75906548/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70717390|Olukayode Oladipo Amund]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=i3EyYBMAAAAJ i3EyYBMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70717390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75907555|J. B. E. Awachie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/140151352041252601833 140151352041252601833]
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907555/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75907853|I. A. Akinrele]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75907853/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q35828655|Celestine Onwuliri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q35828655/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043290|Bertram Ekejiuba Nwoke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043412|Gabriel Ayowole Kolawole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043478|Matthew Olusoji Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q414528|academician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-0047 0000-0002-1675-0047]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tf4RNV4AAAAJ Tf4RNV4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/30157412214616050053 30157412214616050053]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71727708|Timothy U. Obi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71727708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75043642|Isaac Uzoma Asuzu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75043642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48805875|Herbert C. Kodilinye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48805875/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16945811|Augustine Esogbue]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16945811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q62071484|Erelu Kuti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q8125919|political adviser]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3144914|hematologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q62071484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16946670|John Amazigo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16946670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55873686|Folahan A. Adekola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-669X 0000-0003-4411-669X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LaTVOBEAAAAJ LaTVOBEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55873686/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4837550|Babatunde Osotimehin]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/9599149619472104010006 9599149619472104010006]
| 2006
| [[File:Babatunde Osotimehin at the London Summit on Family Planning.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4837550/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42322998|Jonathan Oyebamiji Babalola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-6677 0000-0002-1407-6677]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42322998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75194536|Olukayode Dada]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194536/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75194690|Martin Anthony C. Aghaji]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75194690/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6282107|Joseph Chike Edozien]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3368718|pathologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/38409550 38409550]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6282107/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18249304|Babatunde Adetokunbo Sofoluwe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18249304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57896470|Benjamin Uzochukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0794-0455 0000-0002-0794-0455]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57896470/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52707368|Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-8530 0000-0003-3808-8530]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52707368/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18684381|Azikiwe Peter Onwualu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-4836 0000-0001-5970-4836]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1870807 1870807]
| 2009
| [[File:Peter-o.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18684381/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18685013|Nimi Briggs]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2640827|gynecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstetrician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/1683162669350155500004 1683162669350155500004]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/en/viaf/68327375 68327375]
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685013/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q89329083|Simeon Cadmus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-2316 0000-0002-3281-2316]
| 
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q89329083/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22290342|Grace Oladunni Taylor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/173967033 173967033]
| 1997
| [[File:Grace Oladunni Taylor.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22290342/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72606389|Turner T. Isoun]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31069080 31069080]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72606389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57901802|Emmanuel A Ameh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-3039 0000-0003-2386-3039]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57901802/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75491065|Raifu Isola Salawu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491065/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20562459|Samuel A. Ilori]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20562459/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75491735|Cajetan Ezeani Okeke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75491735/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75492019|Edward ‘B. Attah]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75492019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q41900805|Oluwatoyin A. Odeku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-1304 0000-0002-0732-1304]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Ti-T_nsAAAAJ Ti-T_nsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/302282669 302282669]
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q41900805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56753366|Folasade Ogunsola]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-685X 0000-0001-7734-685X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=HemfnRwAAAAJ HemfnRwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2017
| [[File:230201-N-DK722-1004 - NAVEUR-NAVAF Band visits Nigerian National Museum and University of Lagos.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753366/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56753367|Stella Ifeanyi Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1189 0000-0003-2163-1189]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=szjhfkcAAAAJ szjhfkcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56753367/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70593706|Effiom Edem Antia]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70593706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11051763|Adegoke Olubummo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/31056653 31056653]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11051763/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74632009|Nduka Ekere]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-8244 0000-0002-9955-8244]
| 
| 
| 2019
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q74632009/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8026145|Winston Wole Soboyejo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|military flight engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| [[File:Winston Soboyejo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8026145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98565719|Adekunle A. Bakare]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-1587 0000-0001-9829-1587]
| 
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q98565719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004706|Ibrahim Garba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|pedagogue]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/8973156223673205400008 8973156223673205400008]
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004730|Isaac Adebayo Adeyemi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004730/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21004729|Adeyinka Afolayan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21004729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21005784|Oluwole Babafemi Familoni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-232X 0000-0002-5480-232X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jYwKyIQAAAAJ jYwKyIQAAAAJ]
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21005784/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858251|Mojisola Adeyeye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105186|pharmacist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858251/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858371|Musbau Adewumi Akanji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4476-454X 0000-0003-4476-454X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ScOP4eEAAAAJ ScOP4eEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| [[File:FUT.Minna Prof. Musbau A. Akanji.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858371/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858431|Joseph Ahaneku]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| [[File:Joseph Ahaneku.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51858437|Michael Umale Adikwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51858437/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16105317|Deborah Ajakaiye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12094958|geophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/4616798 4616798]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16105317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6301957|Jibril Aminu]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193391|diplomat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/72930256 72930256]
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6301957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30090012|Oye Gureje]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5947 0000-0003-0094-5947]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/311810867 311810867]
| 2013
| [[File:POG.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q30090012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55176086|Catherine Falade]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-6033 0000-0003-4755-6033]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/316552768 316552768]
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55176086/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Ogbonnaya Onu]]
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/27963581 27963581]
| 2020
| [[File:Ogbonnaya Onu - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q13655513/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4718223|Alexander Animalu]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WYCcrnkAAAAJ WYCcrnkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/36492346 36492346]
| 1980
| [[File:Alexander Animalu.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4718223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54313807|Thomas Adesanya Ige Grillo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54313807/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111982496|Adenike Oladiji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q111982496/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4865269|Bartholomew Nnaji]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/113602104 113602104]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4865269/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75798588|Njidda Mamadu Gadzama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-8239 0000-0002-3743-8239]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/116395774 116395774]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75798728|Patrick Obi Ngoddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131512|farmer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63179158|food engineer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75798728/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799110|Alfred A. Susu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799110/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799475|Mark Nwagwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USonkondlo|imbongi]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1994
| [[File:Prof Mark Nwagwu.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799475/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75511268|Emmanuel Uche Odigboh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75511268/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799649|Paul O. Okonkwo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799649/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75799736|Elijah D. Mshelia]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/85639901 85639901]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75799736/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141638|Babatunde Lawal Salako]]''
| ''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141639|Bolanle Adeniyi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n2EBeXsAAAAJ n2EBeXsAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141639/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141636|Anthony Attama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q105570105|pharmaceutical scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-2280 0000-0002-5751-2280]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PKTI5ggAAAAJ PKTI5ggAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/305609745 305609745]
| 2022
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141636/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141637|Augustine Ubachukwu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qj1tUXQAAAAJ qj1tUXQAAAAJ]
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141637/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141642|Lateef Sanni]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3363-6091 0000-0003-3363-6091]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Q3H6FEMAAAAJ Q3H6FEMAAAAJ]
| 
| 2020
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141643|Timothy Isioma Odiaka]]''
| ''[[:d:Q482980|author]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16532929|administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141640|James Ogbonna]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biotechnologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xasaLiYAAAAJ xasaLiYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/128165747316053932169 128165747316053932169]
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q113141641|Joseph Olusegun Ayo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2055046|physiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nUOfarcAAAAJ nUOfarcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2021
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q113141641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226075|Oyebiodun Longe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226075/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75082227|Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-0998 0000-0002-6922-0998]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082227/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75514799|Emmanuel O. Anosike]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75514799/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226666|Ifeanyi Charles Ume]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226666/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75082585|Suleiman Elias Bogoro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| [[File:Suleiman Elias Bogoro.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75082585/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226809|Gabriel N. Egbunike]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226809/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19865586|Olufemi Bamiro]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/39057210 39057210]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19865586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75226925|Abayomi Olusola Akanji]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75226925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202313|Samuel Nwachuku Chukuenye Okonkwo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/78353836 78353836]
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202313/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70618710|Pius Nwankwo Okeke]]''
| [[USolwazi]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ApO-U6cAAAAJ ApO-U6cAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/271139961 271139961]
| 1998
| [[File:PROF. PN OKEKE AS PROF. EMERITUS- 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70618710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75234885|Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Okafor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75234885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75811825|Alexander D. Wozuzu Acholonu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107622091|academic dean]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/18924672 18924672]
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75811825/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16846432|Ifedayo Oladapo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1977
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16846432/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75236118|Akinola Muritala Salau]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236118/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75236706|Babatunde Owolabi Onadeko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75236706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55629671|Cornelius Adedapo Kogbe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/196156051 196156051]
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55629671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75237164|Gabriel Kayode Falade]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75237164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75814686|Ephraim Efiong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75814686/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58371457|Mayowa O Owolabi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-3070 0000-0003-1146-3070]
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58371457/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75816990|Gordian Obuneme Ezekwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75816990/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75817925|Idris Mohammed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75817925/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75818012|Joseph Yusuf Yayock]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75818012/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75243183|Israel F Adu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75243183/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75820200|Sulaiman Adeniyi Adekola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75820200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75821486|Joshua Ajadi Faniran]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75821589|Olusegun Ladimeji Oke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75821589/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75825781|Andrew Oteku Evwaraye]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75825781/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826028|Adelola Adeloye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9385011|neurosurgeon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826547|Gabriel Ayodele Makanjuola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826831|Charles Okolo Okafor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826831/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75826944|Henry Ehikpehale Enahoro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1985
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75826944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75106127|Samuel Olusegun Akande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75106127/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75827429|Anthony Malomo Adia Imevbore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827429/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75827746|George Joseph Folayan Esan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75827746/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64871722|Sunday W. Petters]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/29606422 29606422]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64871722/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75829999|Osondu John Eze-Uzomaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75829999/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75830255|Cornelius O. Orangun]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1981
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75830255/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75109736|J. Chukwuemeka Agunwamba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Umqaqathi]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/284593770 284593770]
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109736/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75109908|Mufutau Babs Oyeneyin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75109908/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75254131|Olusegun Ekundayo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75254131/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75110097|Martins Olusola Olorunfemi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75110097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832021|Oladipo Olujimi Akinkugbe]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20739489|nephrologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/276415261 276415261]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832117|Timothy Ajibola Taylor]]''
| ''[[:d:Q56677038|agricultural biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/en/viaf/303937339 303937339]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832117/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75832592|Cyril Obiora Enwonwu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1979
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75832592/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112392|Emiola O. Olapade-Olaopa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17345122|urologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112392/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75112516|Karniyus Shingu Gamaniel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75112516/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>4hf0mukc4xv21fry8jpjt1kwwtoq9ar</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the Ugandan National Academy of Sciences</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11113</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130570</id>
      <parentid>127388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:08:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16784" sha1="0v9cptpc3jl5a13fwpubvh5bacvxvcm" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q68928508 Fellows of the Ugandan National Academy of Sciences] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q68928508 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q68928508/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q68928508/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85204898|Sally Stansfield]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85204898|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85204898/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85205082|Sylvester Nyakaana]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85205082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85205082/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84922904|Ben Kiregyera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65272228 65272228]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84922904|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84922904/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18749082|Harriet Mayanja-Kizza]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q913404|Doctor of Medicine]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-6208 0000-0002-9297-6208]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tjbhqqYAAAAJ tjbhqqYAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/309900685 309900685]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18749082|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18749082/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84925001|James P. M. Ntozi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12360779|demographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6493980 6493980]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84925001|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84925001/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16732954|Peter Mugyenyi]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-9973 0000-0002-9183-9973]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16732954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q68927681|Samson Rwahwire]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2008-0362 0000-0003-2008-0362]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hfKVFroAAAAJ hfKVFroAAAAJ]
| 
| 2018
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68927681|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q68927681/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72394455|Elly N. Sabiiti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q126368762|agricultural scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72394455/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84507497|Patrick R. Rubaihayo]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84507497|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84507497/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84507696|Edward K. Kirumira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84507696|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84507696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84509247|Justin Epelu Opio]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84509247|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84509247/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84509987|Livingstone Luboobi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-9845 0000-0003-0438-9845]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nYLrDJAAAAAJ nYLrDJAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/317149294363780522309 317149294363780522309]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84509987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84509987/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25112522|Joseph Mugisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IiVx9AQAAAAJ IiVx9AQAAAAJ]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prof Joseph YT Mugisha.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25112522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25112522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q320005|Apolo Nsibambi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/43084597 43084597]
| 
| [[File:Apolo Nsibambi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q320005|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q320005/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q90283295|James M Ntambi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-9550 0000-0001-9784-9550]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33602498 33602498]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90283295|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q90283295/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5373353|Emmanuel Tumusiime-Mutebile]]''
| ''[[:d:Q188094|economist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|financier]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|banker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q132050|governor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/232482927 232482927]
| 
| [[File:Mutebile.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5373353|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5373353/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18356337|Frederick Kayanja]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18356337|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18356337/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84821435|Mateete Bekunda]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84821435|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84821435/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5239645|David Serwadda]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-6587 0000-0001-6532-6587]
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:David Serwadda at 2012 International AIDS Conference.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5239645|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5239645/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84827605|Samuel Kyamanywa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84827605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84827605/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84830403|Louis Mukwaya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84830403|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84830403/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84836248|Steven Allan Nyanzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84836248|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84836248/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5111001|Christine Dranzoa]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/169942625 169942625]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111001|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5111001/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69990468|Asinisi Fina Opio]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69990468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84840225|John Tuhe Kakitahi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84840225|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84840225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84841844|Joseph Mukiibi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84841844|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84841844/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6990732|Nelson Sewankambo]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q913404|Doctor of Medicine]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-053X 0000-0001-9362-053X]
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Fogarty-nih-50th-symposium-speaker-nelson-sewankambo (41746078365).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6990732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84991115|Nakanyike B. Musisi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|social scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41955099 41955099]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84991115|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84991115/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84991133|Thomas Gordon Egwang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84991133|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84991133/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84558963|William B. Banage]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84558963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84558963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84561079|Julius Y.Kitungulu Zake]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84561079|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84561079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84561290|Paul Edward Tebakyagenda Mugambi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84561290|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84561290/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3105642|Gilbert Bukenya]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomabhizinisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24017732|public health scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UNgqongqoshe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Dr. Gilbert Balibaseka Bukenya (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3105642|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q3105642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58755745|Noble Banadda]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TsN9EmsAAAAJ TsN9EmsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29153237737429211271 29153237737429211271]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58755745|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58755745/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56449512|John Robert Stephen Tabuti]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-9181 0000-0001-9024-9181]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56449512|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56449512/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84995752|Felix Budara Bareeba]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84995752|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84995752/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84852651|John Baptist Kaddu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84852651|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84852651/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84998060|Miph Boses Musoke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84998060|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84998060/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84998805|Mackay Okure]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84998805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84998805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85001860|Jeninah Karungi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1781198|agronomist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-7423 0000-0002-0433-7423]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OSf_QWkAAAAJ OSf_QWkAAAAJ]
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85001860|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85001860/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19276816|Pen-Mogi Nyeko]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19276816|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19276816/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85020141|Gerald Kayingo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020141|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020141/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85020286|Maria G. N. Musoke]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi wokwaziswa]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24975603|Deputy Vice Chancellor]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-6201 0000-0003-1079-6201]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=P2HFFZsAAAAJ P2HFFZsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53258232 53258232]
| 
| [[File:Maria Musoke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020286|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020286/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85020439|Florence Mutonyi D'ujanga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020439|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85020439/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85310280|Peter Kakubeire Baguma]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85310280|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85310280/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85310447|Abel M.S. Katahoire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85310447|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85310447/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100449863|Grace Ndeezi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-2733 0000-0001-5557-2733]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/100149066363965600781 100149066363965600781]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100449863|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q100449863/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85313759|Florence Mirembe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68567853 68567853]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85313759|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85313759/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85314442|Francis Ejobi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85314442|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85314442/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65709427|John Muyonga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q64461822|lecturer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2576499|nutritionist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-1462 0000-0002-5598-1462]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AsIvIs8AAAAJ AsIvIs8AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33920330 33920330]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65709427|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q65709427/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39183854|Lillian Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16533|umehluleli]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Usomthetho|ummeli]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2006957 2006957]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39183854|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39183854/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16116838|John Ssebuwufu]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|educator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16532929|administrator]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/165145541820196600384 165145541820196600384]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16116838|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q16116838/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85319212|George William Otim-Nape]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85319212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85319212/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85320212|Jonathan Baranga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85320212|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85320212/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q72202604|Joseph Obua]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q72202604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84602232|Ham-Mukasa Mulira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84602232|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84602232/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84608950|Abdu Basajjabaka Kawalya Kasozi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/41955081 41955081]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84608950|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84608950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84608963|Denis Karuhize Byarugaba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-5659 0000-0002-4175-5659]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84608963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84608963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70917210|Emmanuel Kasimbazi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6740 0000-0002-6770-6740]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/276472921 276472921]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70917210/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84761129|Tom Otiti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84761129|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84761129/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84761148|George William Lubega]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84761148|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84761148/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84763078|Hannington Oryem-Origa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84763078|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q84763078/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17580312|Maud Kamatenesi Mugisha]]''
| ''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3745071|science writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|academic administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Prof. Maud Kamatenesi Mugisha (PhD).png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17580312|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17580312/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17580348|Mary Okwakol]]''
| [[Umqaqathi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|vice-chancellor]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46577721 46577721]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17580348|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17580348/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8069664|Zerubabel Nyiira]]''
| [[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8069664|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q8069664/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85203794|Adipala Ekwamu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85203794|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85203794/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71651888|David Justin Bakibinga]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71651888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85203987|Johnny Mugisha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85203987|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q85203987/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>0v9cptpc3jl5a13fwpubvh5bacvxvcm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130607</id>
      <parentid>129788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130607</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71708" sha1="of7kb467gtsoxl1n9ntpxhjo6x7arw6" xml:space="preserve">[https://tools.wmflabs.org/reasonator/?q=Q60986464 Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa] 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT 
  DISTINCT ?item 
  (COUNT(DISTINCT ?publications) AS ?count)
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?count), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/author/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing{{!}}📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WHERE { 
  ?item wdt:P166 wd:Q60986464 .
  OPTIONAL { ?publications wdt:P50 ?item }
}
GROUP BY ?item|section=
|sort=P166/Q60986464/P585
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,P106,P496,P1960,P214,P166/Q60986464/P585:Date conferred,P18:Image,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! occupation
! ORCID
! Google Scholar author ID
! VIAF
! Date conferred
! Image
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81710423|Joseph P. Michael]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81710423|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81710423/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80701780|Donald A. Cowan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80701780|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80701780/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21448010|Tebello Nyokong]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|director]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-9926 0000-0002-4590-9926]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=QUpAXHcAAAAJ QUpAXHcAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6031160486121605180005 6031160486121605180005]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21448010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81711757|Graham Mitchell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81711757|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81711757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42931372|Bert Klumperman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-274X 0000-0003-1561-274X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/313554514 313554514]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42931372|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42931372/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77820561|Fazal M. Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q72271334|professor of mathematics]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5820 0000-0002-6995-5820]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=phJrkvwAAAAJ phJrkvwAAAAJ]
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77820561|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77820561/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1267093|Elisabeth Vrba]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85250115 85250115]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/93322823 93322823]
| 1985
| [[File:Elisabeth Vrba 2009-02.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1267093|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1267093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83012615|Nikolaas J van der Merwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1984
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83012615|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83012615/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20731808|Grae Worster]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20731808|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20731808/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83158893|David Woods]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83158893|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83158893/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28086200|Geoff Garrett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/52270408 52270408]
| 2000
| [[File:Geoff Garrett CS6 270116-lg.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28086200/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83159139|Walter Zucchini]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/2722490 2722490]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83159139|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83159139/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5019897|Calie Pistorius]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| [[File:Calie Pistorius.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5019897/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61679353|Dudley Shallcross]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-9221 0000-0001-7614-9221]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=igQanooAAAAJ igQanooAAAAJ]
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61679353|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61679353/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58220468|Francesco Petruccione]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-0913 0000-0002-8604-0913]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=chM4fT4AAAAJ chM4fT4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51907883 51907883]
| 2013
| [[File:Francesco Petruccione blazer.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58220468/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61104159|Duncan Mitchell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-4773 0000-0001-8989-4773]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NdpBRSMAAAAJ NdpBRSMAAAAJ]
| 
| 1984
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61104159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81144632|Arnold Knopfmacher]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81144632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81144632/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80568773|Ronald J. Clarke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80568773|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80568773/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80569011|John D. Clemens]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569011|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569011/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80569202|T. Eugene Cloete]]''
| 
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fOUypFkAAAAJ fOUypFkAAAAJ]
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80569202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81146665|Rosina C. Krecek]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81146665|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81146665/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81147058|Peter G.L. Leach]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81147828|Richard H. Lemmer]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81147828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15839341|Jill Farrant]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839136|cell biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-7967 0000-0002-1450-7967]
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| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15839341|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15839341/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56065756|Shabir A. Madhi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0636 0000-0002-7629-0636]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ok2EswEAAAAJ ok2EswEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| [[File:Shabir Madhi for Fundación Civio.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56065756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6759640|Margaret Levyns]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1907198|taxonomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47825396|phytogeographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/76028114 76028114]
| 
| [[File:Margaret Rutherford Bryan Levyns.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6759640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6759640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79853945|Theodor John Stewart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|statistician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-5955 0000-0002-2107-5955]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8wH5tTkAAAAJ 8wH5tTkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/15146153191805252771 15146153191805252771]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79853945/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82016605|Harald Pasch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-3393 0000-0003-1132-3393]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/116848382 116848382]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82016605|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82016605/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23772750|Herbert Basil Sutton Cooke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/79388488 79388488]
| 1946
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23772750|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23772750/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2150124|Richard M. Cowling]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-2685 0000-0003-3514-2685]
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| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2150124/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57078993|Claude Carignan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-6151 0000-0001-9089-6151]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=r2_oRUMAAAAJ r2_oRUMAAAAJ]
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| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57078993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81732311|Luigi R. Nassimbeni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81732311|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81732311/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80435053|Janine B. Adams]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435053|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435053/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80435477|Christopher C. Appleton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|parasitologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435477|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435477/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80435992|D. Margaret Avery]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-7047 0000-0003-0784-7047]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/311367956 311367956]
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435992|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80435992/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80436020|Len J. Barbour]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80436020|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80436020/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81733608|Vernon M. Neppe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81733608|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81733608/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23777458|Patricia Berjak]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/43105677 43105677]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23777458|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23777458/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81013097|Peter W. Froneman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81013097|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81013097/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4891802|Beric Skews]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891802|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4891802/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q32860776|Felix Dapare Dakora]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6896 0000-0002-9070-6896]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DW22bZEAAAAJ DW22bZEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/9379653 9379653]
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q32860776/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79427702|Keith P. Klugman]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-728X 0000-0001-6637-728X]
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| 1996
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79427702|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79427702/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q23778547|Peter B. Best]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16138947 16138947]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23778547|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23778547/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q712043|Arthur William Rogers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/17978036 17978036]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q712043|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q712043/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80438063|Guy C. Bate]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80438063|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80438063/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81014873|Andrew K. Galwey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81014873|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81014873/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81015192|Christoph F. Garbers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81015192|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81015192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q75969884|Ahmed C. Bawa]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-5295 0000-0002-5889-5295]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pcgmSn4AAAAJ pcgmSn4AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/249897491 249897491]
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q75969884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52758677|Susan W. Nicolson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-9383 0000-0001-6024-9383]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/19932833 19932833]
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52758677|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52758677/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q42666979|Steven L. Chown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-5105 0000-0001-6069-5105]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64258857 64258857]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42666979|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42666979/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q29981691|Nigel C. Bennett]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-2947 0000-0001-9748-2947]
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29981691|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29981691/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22340726|Jennifer Thomson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3779582|microbiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-0357 0000-0002-2243-0357]
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| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22340726/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q60834357|Brian Warner]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;[[umbhali]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109805982 109805982]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60834357/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18161438|Salim Abdool Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-2133 0000-0002-4986-2133]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ Xh1qaJ4AAAAJ]
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| 2003
| [[File:Slim portrait 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18161438/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q20756981|Peter Vale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|political scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-9325 0000-0003-0805-9325]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=-oLobmUAAAAJ -oLobmUAAAAJ]
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| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20756981/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80444317|Kanti D. Bhoola]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80444317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80444317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71650707|Hendrik B. Geyer]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71650707/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82175664|Michael Perrin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82175664|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82175664/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q6775598|Martin Hall]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/117559096 117559096]
| 2001
| [[File:Professor Martin Hall.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6775598|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q6775598/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80447055|R.D. Bigalke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q202883|veterinarian]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/287462074 287462074]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447055|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447055/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q1586575|Harry Irving]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/422145857117322922525 422145857117322922525]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/91856523 91856523]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1586575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1586575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61993822|David Glasser]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-722X 0000-0001-9510-722X]
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| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993822/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q61993821|Diane Hildebrandt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-8855 0000-0001-7873-8855]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2SQ-120AAAAJ 2SQ-120AAAAJ]
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| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61993821/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80447621|Judy M. Bishop]]''
| ''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-7269 0000-0001-9986-7269]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fTryeZAAAAAJ fTryeZAAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/111091523 111091523]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447621|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80447621/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71654754|Andries Johannes van der Walt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2325224|constitutional lawyer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185351|jurist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/58628637 58628637]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71654754/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2165640|Ronald J. Clarke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488316|prehistorian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2145981|restorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/147008726 147008726]
| 
| [[File:Ronald Clarke.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2165640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2165640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38640649|Andrew E. McKechnie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1524-1021 0000-0002-1524-1021]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38640649|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38640649/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15429379|Paul Cilliers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/328371 328371]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15429379|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15429379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21340974|Bruce S. Rubidge]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-1873 0000-0003-2477-1873]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Z7edricAAAAJ Z7edricAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/147053915 147053915]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/475150323917709972010 475150323917709972010]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21340974|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21340974/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82901586|Stuart J. Saunders]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/38148628 38148628]
| 1992
| [[File:Stuart Saunders, Vice-chancellor of UCT (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82901586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82901586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21341244|Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q17344952|arachnologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-1379 0000-0003-1532-1379]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/68612009 68612009]
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341244|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81027633|Andre Goosen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81027633|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81027633/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21341400|Maureen Coetzee]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107292086|medical entomologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-866X 0000-0003-2019-866X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jbWH4QUAAAAJ jbWH4QUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21341400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q26820569|John Francis Thackeray]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-382X 0000-0001-6884-382X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=SMN_CbwAAAAJ SMN_CbwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/56318959 56318959]
| 2009
| [[File:Koenigswald-Lecture 2016 John Francis Thackeray 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26820569|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26820569/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81028595|John J. Gurney]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81028595|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81028595/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340086|Edna P. Plumstead]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/23411195 23411195]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5340086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5340086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81029575|Friedrich  W. Hahne]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81029575|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81029575/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82903855|Louis Scott]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82903855|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82903855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q49168166|Terence J. Robinson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-4891 0000-0002-4298-4891]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=LLaJvSEAAAAJ LLaJvSEAAAAJ]
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q49168166/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78434764|David Mason]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78434764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82904164|Michael S. Scurrell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82904164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82904164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81030104|Raymond J. Haines]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81030104|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81030104/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60991028|George Ekama]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PWje2ogAAAAJ PWje2ogAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/311249909 311249909]
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60991028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81031522|Eric H. Harley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81031522|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81031522/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7793599|Thomas Robertson Sim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16334507|bryologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|explorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/20209164 20209164]
| 
| [[File:Tr sim00.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7793599|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7793599/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81176926|Steven J. Lennon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81176926|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81176926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76419491|Jan-Hendrik S. Hofmeyr]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76419567|Igor Barashenkov]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76419567/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81177218|Owen A.M. Lewis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77717266|Michael Charles Kew]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1987
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77717266/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81177625|James D. Lewis-Williams]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177625|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81177625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q11256815|David Mark Richardson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9574-8297 0000-0001-9574-8297]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Rdfu4uoAAAAJ Rdfu4uoAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85249968 85249968]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q11256815/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42830282|Peter Henzi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-1674 0000-0001-6175-1674]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42830282|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42830282/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15438215|Walter Wargau]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/72240426 72240426]
| 
| [[File:Walter Wargau (Student).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15438215|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15438215/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79306387|Norman Pammenter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79306387/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81036719|William F. Harris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81036719|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81036719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42544590|Daniela Cristina Stefan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|pediatrician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oncologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-1209 0000-0001-5740-1209]
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42544590/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q82912218|Yackoob K. Seedat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912218|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912218/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81038008|Walter D. Heiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81038008|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81038008/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82912585|Mary K. Seely]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912585|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912585/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82912954|Milton Shain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/6810157704216544440001 6810157704216544440001]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/91941266 91941266]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912954|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82912954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37643854|Gregory L. Blatch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-8577 0000-0003-0778-8577]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272043681 272043681]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37643854/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19623171|Clarence Van Riet Lowe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13582652|civil engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/62837606 62837606]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19623171|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19623171/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q82914193|Vere Shannon]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82914193|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82914193/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43267916|Susan A. Bourne]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-2843 0000-0002-2491-2843]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=OlFQMW4AAAAJ OlFQMW4AAAAJ]
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43267916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82915241|Merwyn Shear]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1978
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82915241|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82915241/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q450598|Lee Berger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21272406|paleoanthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q239272|Australopithecus africanus]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0367-7629 0000-0002-0367-7629]
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| 2011
| [[File:Lee Berger image 2006.JPG|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q450598/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q76716731|Thomas Ford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-794X 0000-0002-8896-794X]
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76716731/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660145|Sydney Skaife]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|naturalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/117949603 117949603]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/86323194 86323194]
| 
| [[File:Hendrik Brand.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7660145|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7660145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82917146|Peter E. Spargo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1986
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82917146|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82917146/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52353159|Stephanie G. Burton]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-8420 0000-0002-3094-8420]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52353159|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52353159/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q73836164|Perry T. Kaye]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5997-8121 0000-0002-5997-8121]
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73836164|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q73836164/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70377150|Lynn Morris]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-8415 0000-0002-1836-8415]&lt;br/&gt;[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-7828 0000-0003-3961-7828]
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| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70377150/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54086671|Norman Owen-Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-1201 0000-0001-8429-1201]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BoSadf0AAAAJ BoSadf0AAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29615824 29615824]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/496166656941922710006 496166656941922710006]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54086671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5213742|Dan J. Stein]]''
| ''[[:d:Q211346|psychiatrist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[USolwazi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810 0000-0001-7218-7810]
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| 2012
| [[File:Dan-Stein-20130904.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5213742/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17612495|Quarraisha Karim]]''
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-477X 0000-0002-0985-477X]
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| 2014
| [[File:Quarraisha Abdool Karim.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q17612495/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q57259567|Charles B. de Koning]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-5130 0000-0003-4525-5130]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57259567|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57259567/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q15451201|Geoffrey Blight]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/63422447 63422447]
| 1991
| [[File:Geoff Blight.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15451201|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15451201/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2043552|Johannes van Staden]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-1281 0000-0003-0515-1281]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/562159234013403370477 562159234013403370477]
| 1990
| [[File:Prof johannes van staden-1595341335.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2043552/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80761328|W.P.M. de Ruijter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N6GAWu8AAAAJ N6GAWu8AAAAJ]
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| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80761328|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80761328/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81915116|Haralambos Parolis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81915116|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81915116/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80762518|Cesáreo A. Dominguez]]''
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| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762518|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762518/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80762761|Siegfried E. Drewes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762761|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80762761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q71104683|Willem Albert Hanekom]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-1645 0000-0002-6788-1645]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GNFho0kAAAAJ GNFho0kAAAAJ]
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| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71104683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5074942|Charles Abercrombie Smith]]''
| [[Usonzululwazi|imfundondalo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Usopolitiki|usombusazwe]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Sir Charles Abercrombie Smith - Scientist and politician - Cape Colony.png|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5074942|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5074942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53952047|William J. Bond]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-2084 0000-0002-3441-2084]
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| 1998
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53952047|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53952047/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q53808040|Michael T Davies-Coleman]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-894X 0000-0001-5344-894X]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/85647578 85647578]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q53808040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81056277|Michael J.R. Hoch]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056277|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15459092|Charles K. Brain]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/30825610 30825610]
| 1976
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15459092/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81056623|Alan N. Hodgson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056623|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81056623/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42420373|Guy F. Midgley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0869 0000-0001-8264-0869]
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| [https://viaf.org/viaf/53146094231500331476 53146094231500331476]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42420373/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q56406446|Alan K. Whitfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-7367 0000-0003-1452-7367]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NIDj1ksAAAAJ NIDj1ksAAAAJ]
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| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56406446|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56406446/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81060675|Leon C. Isaacson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1975
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060675/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81060977|Tom Jarrett]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060977|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81060977/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q61598221|Chaudry Masood Khalique]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-4859 0000-0002-1986-4859]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4ILEyUYAAAAJ 4ILEyUYAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61598221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61598221/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q78610632|Ebrahim Momoniat]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2017
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78610632/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q5084053|Charles van Onselen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|biographer]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-8052 0000-0002-3903-8052]
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| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64050944 64050944]
| 1998
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5084053|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5084053/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q26998207|Athelstan Cornish-Bowden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Athelstan Hall Cornish-Bowden in about 1885.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26998207|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q26998207/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60590121|Robin Wood]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-7117 0000-0002-4276-7117]
| 
| 
| 2013
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60590121|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60590121/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q21664327|Lawrence Crawford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7559173124545030300005 7559173124545030300005]
| 1909
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21664327|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21664327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80053967|Peter Doughtrey Tyson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80053967/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20656400|Hoosen Coovadia]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20656400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70827557|Simon Henry Connell]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-7245 0000-0001-6000-7245]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=pVS2ZiMAAAAJ pVS2ZiMAAAAJ]
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| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70827557/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81064210|Graham I.H. Kerley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-5200 0000-0003-2702-5200]
| 
| 
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81064210|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81064210/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42571640|Jane Carruthers]]''
| ''[[:d:Q201788|historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-4599 0000-0001-8210-4599]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/4128165628894642480006 4128165628894642480006]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/48310877 48310877]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42571640/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21522991|Richard N. Pienaar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12358881|phycologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/187578662 187578662]
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21522991|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21522991/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42572405|Marion Bamford]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30059961|paleobotanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-130X 0000-0003-0667-130X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WT8NxO0AAAAJ WT8NxO0AAAAJ]
| 
| 2006
| [[File:Prof. Marion Bamford.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42572405/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5236554|David Lewis-Williams]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1371378|ethnologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14885319 14885319]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5236554|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5236554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q56849521|Leon M.T. Dicks]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-9046 0000-0002-5157-9046]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56849521|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q56849521/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q5092799|Cheryl de la Rey]]''
| ''[[:d:Q212980|psychologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| [[File:Cheryl de la Rey.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5092799/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q54254936|Kelly Chibale]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|academic]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-646X 0000-0002-4541-646X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=BAk6GbcAAAAJ BAk6GbcAAAAJ]
| 
| 2009
| [[File:2025UniLeiden450-4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q54254936/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81791833|Darragh O’Donoghue]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/315709107 315709107]
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81791833|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81791833/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q1348676|Sydney Samuel Hough]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35236785 35236785]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1348676|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1348676/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42293328|Patricia Ann Whitelock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-4432 0000-0002-4678-4432]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/24755014 24755014]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42293328/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q22109577|Richard S. K. Barnes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16868721|carcinologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-5994 0000-0002-5773-5994]
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| [https://viaf.org/viaf/64066109 64066109]
| 2013
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22109577|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22109577/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q7837812|Trefor Jenkins]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/46916068 46916068]
| 1975
| [[File:Trefor Jenkins00.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q7837812/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q22112378|Roger M. H. Smith]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NlTbMPoAAAAJ NlTbMPoAAAAJ]
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22112378|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22112378/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q71274564|Fazal Mahmood Mahomed]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71274564/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q19661724|Lyn Wadley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-0813 0000-0003-0053-0813]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bK8F68UAAAAJ bK8F68UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/59117828 59117828]
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19661724/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q21392406|Richard Vernon Dingle]]''
| ''[[:d:Q21484199|ostracodologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21392406|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21392406/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81511934|Marcelo P. Loewe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81511934|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81511934/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81512201|John E. Lowther]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81512201|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81512201/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19519928|Henda C. Swart]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| 
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| [https://viaf.org/viaf/7895173973184923810009 7895173973184923810009]
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19519928|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q19519928/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21394246|William Wardlaw Thompson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4205432|ichthyologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21394246|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q21394246/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q78629970|Vincent Clifford Moran]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q78629970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80936790|Paul de Villiers du Plessis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80936790|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80936790/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80937821|Patrick G. Eriksson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80937821|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80937821/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80938027|Arthur G. Every]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938027|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938027/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80938181|Melvin Faierman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938181|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80938181/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q43165660|Edward Rybicki]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8024-9911 0000-0001-8024-9911]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VHZLh3EAAAAJ VHZLh3EAAAAJ]
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| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43165660/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q15485098|Michael William Feast]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-1630 0000-0002-8908-1630]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/34323769 34323769]
| 1982
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15485098|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q15485098/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q60610431|Brian R. Allanson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|marine biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/45581243 45581243]
| 1968
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60610431|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60610431/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80939015|John G. Field]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|oceanographer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939015|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939015/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80939244|John S. Field]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939244|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80939459|Peter I. Folb]]''
| [[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2114605|pharmacologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/10782647 10782647]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939459|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80939459/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q348933|Isaac Schapera]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108544741 108544741]
| 
| [[File:Isaac Schapera, c1950s.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q348933|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q348933/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80653014|John D. Comins]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80653014|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80653014/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q61046038|Pieter Steyn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1996
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046038|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046038/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q61046041|Douglas Butterworth]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046041|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046041/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046058|Lionel Opie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Inyanga (umelaphi)|inyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3264451|cardiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/59161562 59161562]
| 1983
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61046066|B. Daya Reddy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q81096|engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-4821 0000-0002-8250-4821]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=CWYli-kAAAAJ CWYli-kAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/108617120 108617120]
| 1992
| [[File:Daya Reddy 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q61046066/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q4819906|Chris Brink]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/62228603 62228603]
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q4819906/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q82533058|Raymond Pollard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2001
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82533058|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82533058/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80082536|Brian W. Van Wilgen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7521 0000-0002-1536-7521]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=5FfLX_4AAAAJ 5FfLX_4AAAAJ]
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| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80082536/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q71576562|Neil John Coville]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5370-1386 0000-0001-5370-1386]
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q71576562/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q20831540|Judith Sealy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-8211 0000-0001-5071-8211]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hjy8MDAAAAAJ hjy8MDAAAAAJ]
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| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20831540|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20831540/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80520476|Michael E. Brown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q104693589|chemistry teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
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| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80520476|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80520476/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q80521092|Michael N. Bruton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521092|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521092/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q29052586|Brenda Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|geneticist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-1519 0000-0002-6189-1519]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9tCXKQ0AAAAJ 9tCXKQ0AAAAJ]
| 
| 2007
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q29052586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82539949|Roger E. Raab]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82539949|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82539949/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80521586|James R. Bull]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521586|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80521586/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80522068|Mino R. Caira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80522068|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80522068/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79946604|Edward Sturrock]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2006
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79946604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70720643|Mike Wingfield]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2487799|mycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2009 0000-0001-9346-2009]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wT4V7isAAAAJ wT4V7isAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/14989035 14989035]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/22155914471039401883 22155914471039401883]
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q70720643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77803|Selmar Schonland]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/40795045 40795045]
| 
| [[File:Schonland Pretoria.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77803|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77803/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59187857|Douglas E. Rawlings]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8167 0000-0002-2521-8167]
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59187857|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59187857/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79660900|Roland Schulze]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3644587|hydrologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 1993
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79660900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q52701989|Robin M Crewe]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-8250 0000-0003-4398-8250]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/172379736 172379736]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q52701989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42178276|Renée Kraan-Korteweg]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-6250 0000-0002-0202-6250]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/272584657 272584657]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42178276/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43188044|Willem Heber van Zyl]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-353X 0000-0001-8195-353X]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wbYsUOUAAAAJ wbYsUOUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43188044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60055963|João P. Rodrigues]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1980-3845 0000-0002-1980-3845]
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q60055963/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91052641|John Parkington]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-6826 0000-0001-6127-6826]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tk-A4MsAAAAJ tk-A4MsAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36952076 36952076]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q91052641/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59624330|Paul R. Manger]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-2854 0000-0002-1881-2854]
| 
| 
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59624330|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q59624330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76926947|Ronald Harley]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1326886|electrical engineer]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/192970031 192970031]
| 1990
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76926947/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82549683|Laurence J. Robb]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82549683|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82549683/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51697828|Kathryn H. Myburgh]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2120 0000-0003-4501-2120]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=DXNUiEEAAAAJ DXNUiEEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/205963403 205963403]
| 2017
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51697828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23008763|Johann Carl Vogel]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/171593751 171593751]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23008763|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q23008763/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q77793537|Horst Helmut Klump]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77793851|Klaus Koch]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-4406 0000-0003-3845-4406]
| 
| 
| 2002
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q77793851/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82984689|Rudolph J van Aarde]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82984689|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82984689/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80533870|Philip Charles]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80533870|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80533870/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80534086|Robert W. Charlton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1991
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80534086|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80534086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18685421|Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|paleontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-5080 0000-0002-9786-5080]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jYYbmqEAAAAJ jYYbmqEAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/27342603 27342603]
| 2006
| [[File:Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, West Coast Fossil Park tour.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q18685421/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q82985262|Jan van den Ende]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82985262|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82985262/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q82553257|Allen L. Rodgers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2010
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82553257|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q82553257/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q76931737|Manfred Armin Hellberg]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q76931737/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q51846346|Renfrew Christie]]''
| ''[[:d:Q134284649|anti-apartheid activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20826540|scholar]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/62928676 62928676]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q51846346/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q1387629|George F. R. Ellis]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|non-fiction writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Ugqayinyanga]]
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8484-0629 0000-0001-8484-0629]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=K2h8IqwAAAAJ K2h8IqwAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/109637661 109637661]
| 1983
| [[File:George Ellis 0040.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1387629/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q83132581|Albertus S. van Jaarsveld]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83132581|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83132581/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q524221|John Hewitt]]''
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271064|herpetologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17344952|arachnologist]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q524221|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q524221/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58336810|Andrew Cooper]]''
| ''[[:d:Q11424604|earth scientist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-8812 0000-0003-4972-8812]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wck4s-UAAAAJ wck4s-UAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/55808460 55808460]
| 2013
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58336810|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q58336810/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q83134393|Johan van Zyl]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83134393|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83134393/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2976150|John Jackson]]''
| [[Ugqayinyanga]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|astrophysicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/51317806 51317806]
| 1934
| [[File:JohnJackson(astronomer).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2976150|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q2976150/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q22006961|Valerie Mizrahi]]''
| ''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|molecular biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-9115 0000-0003-4824-9115]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=apDyKMgAAAAJ apDyKMgAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/8150380426913370197 8150380426913370197]
| 2000
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q22006961/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81549700|Adolf Conrad Matthee]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2014
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81549700|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81549700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83135813|Morris J. Viljoen]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29202617 29202617]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83135813|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83135813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39885100|Aletta E. Schutte]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9217-4937 0000-0001-9217-4937]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=f1oels0AAAAJ f1oels0AAAAJ]
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| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q39885100/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5861359|John Patrick Rourke]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/33298739 33298739]
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5861359|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q5861359/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83137250|Richard P. Viljoen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1998
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83137250|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83137250/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1681675|Jan C. A. Boeyens]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/29820137 29820137]
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1681675|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1681675/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q96489|Achim Richter]]''
| ''[[:d:Q16742096|nuclear physicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WU_HsKkAAAAJ WU_HsKkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/232819266 232819266]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96489|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q96489/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1971138|Mary Agard Pocock]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12358881|phycologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|explorer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3148760|botanical illustrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[UMfundisi]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/16153470956745082416 16153470956745082416]
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| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1971138|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q1971138/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q25615160|Paul Daniel Hahn]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5428874|academic staff]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [[File:Prof Paul Daniel Hahn.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25615160|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q25615160/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38304462|Robert P. Millar]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2919046|biochemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|zoologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-2708 0000-0003-3606-2708]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94387090 94387090]
| 2008
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38304462/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q38305842|Wayne M. Getz]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864503|biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|epidemiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61791734|biomathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-9354 0000-0001-8784-9354]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/93683896 93683896]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38305842|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q38305842/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81701088|Terence S. McCarthy]]''
| ''[[:d:Q520549|geologist]]''
| 
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8nW-dTkAAAAJ 8nW-dTkAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/11612688 11612688]&lt;br/&gt;[https://viaf.org/viaf/65534637 65534637]
| 1994
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701088/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q63391519|Sunil D. Maharaj]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-2849 0000-0002-1967-2849]
| 
| 
| 2011
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63391519/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81701559|Anton McLachlan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1992
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701559|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81701559/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q43496916|Michael J. Samways]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-6025 0000-0003-4237-6025]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/94489949 94489949]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q43496916/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q40902255|Julia Lee-Thorp]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3621491|archaeologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-0258 0000-0002-3291-0258]
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/36637061 36637061]
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40902255|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q40902255/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q28648152|Martin P. Hill]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298 0000-0003-0579-5298]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GKGAgoUAAAAJ GKGAgoUAAAAJ]
| 
| 2016
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28648152|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q28648152/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q81702755|David S. McLachlan]]''
| 
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-1293 0000-0002-1560-1293]
| 
| 
| 1997
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702755|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702755/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81702888|Chrisopher D. McQuaid]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702888|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81702888/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55175748|Helder M. Marques]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-3835 0000-0003-1675-3835]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZDz2O5sAAAAJ ZDz2O5sAAAAJ]
| 
| 2004
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55175748|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q55175748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q63764|Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2083925|botanical collector]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19507792|scientific illustrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|curator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1907198|taxonomist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98544732|scientific collector]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/171765397 171765397]
| 
| [[File:Harriet Margaret Louisa Bolus.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63764|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q63764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64835914|Karl Schilcher]]''
| [[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/59603504 59603504]
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64835914|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q64835914/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69449514|Mary Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q60244908|plant physiologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-9537 0000-0001-5762-9537]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qNlkIIMAAAAJ qNlkIIMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/177145857889223021078 177145857889223021078]
| 2003
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q69449514/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48256805|Gordon D Brown]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|umcwaningi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-936X 0000-0003-4922-936X]
| 
| 
| 2012
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48256805|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q48256805/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42778663|Robert J. Scholes]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|botanist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5537-6935 0000-0001-5537-6935]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WR7VpKUAAAAJ WR7VpKUAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/71468733 71468733]
| 1999
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42778663/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20721396|Anna-Lise Williamson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|virologist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-1200 0000-0002-5467-1200]
| 
| 
| 2005
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q20721396/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q81707103|Barry V. Mendelow]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1995
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81707103|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q81707103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q37736202|John Morrison]]''
| ''[[:d:Q170790|mathematician]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[umfundindalo]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|university teacher]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/3862173124540430300008 3862173124540430300008]
| 
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37736202|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q37736202/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83150510|Anthony D. M. Walker]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1988
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150510|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150510/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q79402317|Otto Walter Prozesky]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 1989
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q79402317/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q83150751|Heribert Weigert]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150751|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q83150751/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q80700386|Lesley A. Cornish]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 2009
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80700386|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q80700386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q12364088|Hugh Paterson]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|entomologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|evolutionary biologist]]''
| 
| 
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/35854115 35854115]
| 1980
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12364088|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q12364088/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42784019|Kevin J. Naidoo]]''
| ''[[:d:Q593644|chemist]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3708 0000-0002-9898-3708]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sGaDPpQAAAAJ sGaDPpQAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/65994373 65994373]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q42784019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57777886|Michael Meadows]]''
| ''[[:d:Q2560911|physical geographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|umhumushi]]''
| [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-3055 0000-0001-8322-3055]
| [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EufqPQMAAAAJ EufqPQMAAAAJ]
| [https://viaf.org/viaf/78996 78996]
| 2015
| 
| [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886|0]] / [[toolforge:scholia/author/Q57777886/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>of7kb467gtsoxl1n9ntpxhjo6x7arw6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Angolan universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130755</id>
      <parentid>122088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:46:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130755</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1783" sha1="lsip8nr1d7zkwst6z33hmb2dcntfzyt" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q916 Scholia for Angola]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q916 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1325937|Agostinho Neto University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325937|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325937/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1704026|Jornal de Angola]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1704026|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1704026/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q421023|Organization of Ibero-American States]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q421023|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q421023/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>lsip8nr1d7zkwst6z33hmb2dcntfzyt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Botswanese universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130678</id>
      <parentid>117489</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:37:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1652" sha1="1tvoz7j59xp1sdqotg4oz5khx7f99aq" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q963 Scholia for Botswana]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q963 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q493141|University of Botswana]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q493141|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q493141/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2856101|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2856101|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2856101/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>1tvoz7j59xp1sdqotg4oz5khx7f99aq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Kenyan universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11157</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130765</id>
      <parentid>129800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:10:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130765</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7572" sha1="8yfhr5zxsw5410i43kdacvksmjuj09a" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q114 Scholia for Kenya]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q114 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6049130|International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology]]''
| 11
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6049130|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6049130/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1666743|International Livestock Research Institute]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1666743|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1666743/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6392601|Kenya Medical Research Institute]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6392601|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6392601/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q649998|University of Nairobi]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649998|72]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q649998/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1362380|World Agroforestry Centre]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362380|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362380/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3330879|National Museums of Kenya]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3330879|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3330879/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q182016|United Nations Environment Programme]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q182016|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q182016/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q46756|Kenyatta University]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q46756|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q46756/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13122809|Moi University]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13122809|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13122809/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1702696|Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1702696|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1702696/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4689656|African Academy of Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689656|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689656/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17110774|Pwani University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17110774|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17110774/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30281921|Institute of Primate Research]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281921|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30282239|Kenya Agricultural Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282239|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282239/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42309838|Aga Khan University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42309838|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42309838/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1478665|Kenya Wildlife Service]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1478665|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1478665/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4677045|ActionAid Kenya]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4677045|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4677045/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60520642|Kenya Institute of Management]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60520642|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60520642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6392674|Kenya National Theatre]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6392674|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6392674/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254279|Kijabe Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254279|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q487883|United Nations Human Settlements Programme]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q487883|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q487883/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262004|Nyanza Reproductive Health Society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262004|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262004/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q66573048|Coryndon Museum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q66573048|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q66573048/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13123010|Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13123010|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13123010/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1665444|The New Humanitarian]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1665444|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1665444/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19595548|Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19595548|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19595548/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21022441|Government of Kenya]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21022441|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21022441/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24236287|Scott Christian University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24236287|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24236287/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25182829|Ministry of Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25182829|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25182829/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q27825700|French Institute for Research in Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q27825700|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q27825700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30266902|Mpala Research Center and Wildlife Foundation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30266902|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30266902/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30295027|British Institute in Eastern Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30295027|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30295027/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3551629|Maseno University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551629|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551629/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3915401|Egerton University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3915401|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3915401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4732310|Alliance Girls High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4732310|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4732310/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5243437|Daystar University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5243437|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5243437/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6970049|Nation Media Group]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6970049|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6970049/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q954747|East African Airways]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>8yfhr5zxsw5410i43kdacvksmjuj09a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Nigerian universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130810</id>
      <parentid>129809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:30:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130810</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25719" sha1="47ynha8tlssfti38nat4t0nu1kijz3k" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1033 Scholia for Nigeria]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1033 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1169487|University of Ibadan]]''
| 44
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1169487|234]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1169487/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1782980|University of Lagos]]''
| 20
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1782980|195]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1782980/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q927304|University of Nigeria]]''
| 14
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q927304|82]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q927304/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21015871|Nigerian Academy of Science]]''
| 13
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21015871|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21015871/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3511498|Bayero University, Kano]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3511498|35]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3511498/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2008672|Obafemi Awolowo University]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2008672|31]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2008672/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7895546|University of Ilorin]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895546|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q401034|Ahmadu Bello University]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q401034|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q401034/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5103051|University of Port Harcourt]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5103051|45]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5103051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6345764|Kaduna State University]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6345764|14]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6345764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65058260|Nigerian Library Association]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65058260|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65058260/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509289|University of Calabar]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509289|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509289/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1816069|University of Benin]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1816069|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1816069/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509668|University of Maiduguri]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509668|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509668/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1142738|International Institute of Tropical Agriculture]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1142738|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1142738/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13140995|Federal Government of Nigeria]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140995|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140995/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1412551|University of Jos]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1412551|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1412551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509297|University of Abuja]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509297|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509297/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5581122|Gombe State University]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5581122|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5581122/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6974654|National Open University of Nigeria]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974654|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q13140900|Nnamdi Azikiwe University]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140900|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q13140900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16933611|Nigerian Bar Association]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16933611|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16933611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q59536624|French Institute for Research in Africa]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q59536624|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q59536624/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q193272|Economic Community of West African States]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q193272|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q193272/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032918|Nigerian Institute of International Affairs]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032918|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032918/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7305700|Redeemer's University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7305700|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7305700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224086|Linguistic Association of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224086|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224086/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509319|Abia State University, Uturu]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509319|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509319/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6966612|Nasarawa State University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6966612|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6966612/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6974165|National Library of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974165|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6974165/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104844764|Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104844764|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104844764/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4689777|African Groundnut Council]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689777|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4689777/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55394436|KolaDaisi University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55394436|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55394436/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17091804|Nigerian Institute of Management]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091804|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091804/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17929225|Ignatius Ajuru University of Education]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17929225|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17929225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24254508|Edo State University, Iyamho]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24254508|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24254508/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4890689|Benue State University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4890689|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4890689/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7895014|Ekiti State University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895014|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895014/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7895022|Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895022|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7895022/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7902729|Usmanu Danfodiyo University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7902729|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7902729/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19599670|College of Medicine, University of Ibadan]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19599670|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19599670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16734211|Kwara State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16734211|71]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16734211/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1951159|Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1951159|33]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1951159/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18207057|Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18207057|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18207057/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7984264|West African Pilot]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7984264|18]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7984264/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q131935571|Rivers State College of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q131935571|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q131935571/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7338307|Rivers State government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7338307|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7338307/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947155|Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947155|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3341382|Nigerian Television Authority]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3341382|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3341382/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440356|Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440356|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440356/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106181847|Daily Trust]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106181847|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106181847/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7988329|Western State]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7988329|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7988329/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6344671|Kachifo Limited]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6344671|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6344671/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6797236|Mayflower School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6797236|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6797236/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q84557195|Polytechnic of Ibadan, Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q84557195|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q84557195/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20065273|Ibadan Grammar School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20065273|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20065273/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30260381|Federal University of Kashere]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260381|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260381/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5209383|Daily Times of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209383|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209383/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108884970|University of Nigeria, Nsukka library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108884970|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108884970/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125924402|Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125924402|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125924402/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3509369|Supreme Court of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509369|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3509369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4681526|Adekunle Ajasin University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4681526|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4681526/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5322769|Bingham University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322769|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440303|Federal Ministry of Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440303|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440303/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q653638|Babcock University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q653638|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q653638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032755|Niger Delta University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032755|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032755/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032906|Nigerian Federal Ministry of Information and Communications]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032906|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032906/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86347000|Anambra State Library Board, central library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86347000|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86347000/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105544769|Kano State Government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105544769|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105544769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107477946|College of Education, Warri]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107477946|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107477946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17091794|Independent National Electoral Commission]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091794|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091794/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25043045|Lagos State Government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25043045|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25043045/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3698044|Nigerian Red Cross Society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3698044|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3698044/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65084726|Nigerian Society of Engineers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65084726|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65084726/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032895|Nigerian Defence Academy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032895|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032895/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7885401|Union Bank of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7885401|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7885401/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100943604|Ebonyi State University Faculty of Clinical Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943604|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943604/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945302|Redeemer's University College of Natural Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945302|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945302/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100946962|Federal University of Technology Akure School of Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946962|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946962/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100947288|University of Jos Faculty of Natural Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947288|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100947288/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100956041|The Initiative for Equal Rights]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100956041|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100956041/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q101546378|Niger state government]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101546378|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101546378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104089551|Delta State University Teaching Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104089551|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104089551/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224094|Jos Linguistic Circle]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224094|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q104224385|National Institute for Nigerian Languages]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224385|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q104224385/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q105081706|Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105081706|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q105081706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106080093|Federal Department of Forest Research]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106080093|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106080093/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107478052|Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107478052|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q107478052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108885072|Nimbe Adedipe Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108885072|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108885072/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q112252191|Anambra State College of Health Technology, Obosi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q112252191|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q112252191/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117836812|University of Africa, Toru-Orua]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117836812|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117836812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121159438|Nigerian Environmental Society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121159438|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121159438/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q123035701|Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q123035701|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q123035701/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q133885107|Nigerian Academy of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133885107|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133885107/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q134564344|National Institute for Police Studies]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134564344|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q134564344/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q140794259|Reformed Theological Seminary, Mkar]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q140794259|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q140794259/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15043613|Prince Abubakar Audu University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15043613|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15043613/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1671299|Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1671299|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1671299/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733645|Igbobi College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733645|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733645/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733761|Lead City University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733761|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16733761/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1707397|Nigerian Air Force]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1707397|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1707397/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17929219|Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17929219|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17929219/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18354916|Federal University, Birnin Kebbi]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354916|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354916/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18354935|Federal University Gusau]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354935|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18354935/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20990740|Administrative Staff College of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20990740|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20990740/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q22079989|Mountain Top University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22079989|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22079989/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23019261|Kaduna Polytechnic]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q23019261|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q23019261/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q23703825|Nigerian Institute of Journalism]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q23703825|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q23703825/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28406142|College of Medicine, Lagos State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28406142|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28406142/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28449098|Lagos State University Teaching Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28449098|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28449098/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254204|Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254204|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254204/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30260635|Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260635|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30260635/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30267820|African Field Epidemiology Network]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267820|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30282267|National Veterinary Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282267|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30282267/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4670504|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4670504|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4670504/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4671154|Academic Staff Union of Universities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4671154|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4671154/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4702002|Akwa Ibom State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4702002|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4702002/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4741757|Ambrose Alli University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4741757|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4741757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5182920|Crawford University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5182920|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5182920/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440481|Federal University of Lafia]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440481|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440481/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5440486|Federal University of Technology Akure]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440486|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5440486/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6005644|Imo State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6005644|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6005644/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6378037|Al-Qalam University, Katsina]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6378037|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6378037/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q65951953|Nigerian Young Academy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65951953|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65951953/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6728391|Madonna University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6728391|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6728391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6833225|Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6833225|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6833225/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6973410|National Hospital Abuja]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6973410|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6973410/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032921|Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Asaba]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032921|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032921/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7032926|Nigerian Medical Association]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032926|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7032926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7060262|Northwest University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7060262|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7060262/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7269950|Queen's College, Lagos]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7269950|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7269950/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7378040|Rufus Giwa Polytechnic]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7378040|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7378040/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7738431|The Guardian]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7738431|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7738431/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7782222|Theological College of Northern Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7782222|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7782222/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q849611|Lagos State University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849611|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q86345890|Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86345890|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q86345890/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q93945846|Nigerian Union of Journalists]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q93945846|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q93945846/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96394946|National Centre for Women Development]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96394946|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96394946/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q96576558|Classical Association of Nigeria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96576558|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q96576558/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97356654|ECWA Theological Seminary]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97356654|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97356654/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98955788|Nigerian Army University Biu]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98955788|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98955788/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99285477|University of Nigeria - Enugu Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99285477|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99285477/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298825|Babcock University Benjamin Carson Senior School of Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298825|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298825/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298839|Usmanu Danfodiyo University College of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298839|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298839/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>47ynha8tlssfti38nat4t0nu1kijz3k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Ugandan universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130303</id>
      <parentid>129759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:36:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130303</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6670" sha1="28xrhwlevyjos7bropgq824c2n7prsm" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1036 Scholia for Uganda]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1036 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q261506|Makerere University]]''
| 20
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q261506|24]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q261506/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2753927|Kyambogo University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2753927|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2753927/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137661715|Worship Harvest Ministries]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137661715|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137661715/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q138788211|12th Parliament of Uganda]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138788211|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q138788211/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6739289|Makerere University College of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6739289|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6739289/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6739292|Makerere University School of Public Health]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6739292|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6739292/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4917719|Bishop Stuart University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4917719|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4917719/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7877609|Uganda Martyrs University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7877609|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7877609/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q103019028|MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit On AIDS]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q103019028|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q103019028/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136180867|Femrite- Uganda Women Writers Association]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q136180867|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q136180867/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106380835|Hamz App]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106380835|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q106380835/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15262105|New Vision Group]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15262105|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15262105/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19903271|Fountain Publishers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19903271|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19903271/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28223289|Ministry of Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28223289|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28223289/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948019|Makerere University School of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948019|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948019/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q115241692|The Uganda Society]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q115241692|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q115241692/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121145240|Uganda Library and Information Association]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121145240|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q121145240/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q130882836|Afya na Haki Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130882836|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q130882836/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q14956750|Mulago Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956750|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956750/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16902646|Victoria University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16902646|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16902646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18351712|Insurance Regulatory Authority of Uganda]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18351712|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18351712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28232201|Uganda Electricity Distribution Company Limited]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28232201|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28232201/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30261875|National Agricultural Research Organisation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261875|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261875/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262098|Uganda Industrial Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262098|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262098/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30267820|African Field Epidemiology Network]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267820|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267820/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296330|Rakai Health Sciences Program]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296330|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296330/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5158982|Islamic University in Uganda]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5158982|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5158982/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5617918|Gulu University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5617918|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5617918/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60746495|Uganda National Examinations Board]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60746495|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60746495/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7589504|St. Lawrence University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7589504|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7589504/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7877634|Uganda Virus Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7877634|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7877634/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q954747|East African Airways]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>28xrhwlevyjos7bropgq824c2n7prsm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/South African universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130618</id>
      <parentid>129789</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:26:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130618</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28575" sha1="s86dgpwiqf1ko8i2kg1cav3ds6t4ppm" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q258 Scholia for South Africa]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q258 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseKapa|inyuvesi yeKapa]]
| 102
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305|383]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[University of the Witwatersrand]]
| 72
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643|144]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1066492|Stellenbosch University]]''
| 59
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492|261]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yasePitoli|I-University of Pretoria]]
| 47
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444|78]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali]]
| 31
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516|48]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi kaRhodes|I-Rhodes University]]
| 20
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757|28]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1972050|University of Johannesburg]]''
| 17
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050|43]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q475700|University of the Western Cape]]''
| 14
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700|44]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565733|South African Medical Research Council]]''
| 13
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55641219|National Institute for Communicable Diseases]]''
| 11
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Inyuvesi yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga]]
| 11
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika|University of South Africa]]
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2021166|University of Natal]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseFree State|I-University of the Free State]]
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296386|South African National Biodiversity Institute]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q746413|Elsevier]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948158|Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17052573|National Health Laboratory Service]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64846052|South African Young Academy of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948390|University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q849145|Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2583379|Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1331614|Nelson Mandela University]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565708|South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39910516|University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Umnyuziyamu waseNingizimu Afrika i-Iziko]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031|17]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565742|South African National Bioinformatics Institute]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[University of Fort Hare]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7374853|Royal Society of South Africa]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Inyuvesi yakwaZulu|I-University of Zululand]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58819597|Extinction Rebellion]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99288077|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Management]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1135670|Drum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1135670|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1135670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2070244|FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296748|Claude Leon Foundation]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948525|University of Cape Town Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1325813|Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565814|South African Weather Service]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948132|University of the Western Cape Faculty of Natural Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948358|University of the Witwatersrand School of Public Health]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1077277|Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q368400|Groote Schuur Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q657155|The Sunday Times]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254244|Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30287338|Agricultural Research Council of South Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5008758|CAPRISA]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5429065|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe YaseTshwane|Inyuvesi yethekhinoloji yaseTshwane]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1860280|Vista University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30270484|South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296412|Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4294670|Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43896712|Africa Health Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4709352|Albany Museum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5428977|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298942|University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137544|Bang-Bang Club]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18333536|Embassy of Sweden, Pretoria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536|294]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INkonzo Yamaphoyisa YaseNingizimu Afrika|Inkonzo yamaphoyisa eningizimu afrika]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18355381|Tygerberg Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[UMkhonto weSizwe]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1136236|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1136236/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5108862|Diocesan College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Umbutho weMpaphamo yabaNsundu]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q880194|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q880194/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743611|Association for Progressive Communications]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97331388|Orlando Secondary School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97331388|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1497583|St Augustine College of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1211828|Die Burger]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1570993|IBSA Dialogue Forum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948498|University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7611957|Steve Biko Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100942503|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948537|University of Stellenbosch Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1509944|Mail &amp; Guardian]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1509944|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1509944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18559855|Wikimedia South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1900656|Market Theatre]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1900656|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1900656/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19460826|Cape Town High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3129583|Helderberg College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50035565|National Bioproducts Institute (South Africa)]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5086067|Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948408|University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108027478|South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108353496|South African National Parks]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125308112|Association of Southern African Indexers and Bibliographers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15848021|South African Congress of Trade Unions]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15848021|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15848021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17090884|Sol Plaatje University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17091770|South African Environmental Observation Network]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18391585|National Arts Council of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18391585|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18391585/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[I-Cydata]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q262625|The Sowetan]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q262625|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q262625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826172|African Institute for Mathematical Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q295642|African National Congress Youth League]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q295642|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q295642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262094|Ubuntu Education Fund]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30265718|South African Association of Women Graduates]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3494235|Springbok Legion]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3494235|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3494235/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q385450|Hugenote-Kollege]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q385450|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q385450/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47151902|KwaZulu-Natal Museum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47151902|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47151902/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5251279|Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5251279|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5251279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5264812|Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5264812|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5264812/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5423186|Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5423186|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5423186/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q54912412|Market Theatre Foundation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q54912412|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q54912412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6024646|Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6024646|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6024646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7303965|Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7303965|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7303965/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7569570|Southern Africa Association for the Advancement of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7569570|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7569570/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100267052|Africa Institute of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100267052|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100267052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100943852|Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943852|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100943852/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945341|University of Limpopo Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945357|Stellenbosch University Faculty of Engineering]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945357|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945357/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948051|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948051|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948051/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948126|University of the Western Cape School of Public Health]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948126/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948147|Cape Peninsula University of Technology Faculty of Applied Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948147/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948350|University of the Witwatersrand School of Education]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948350|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948350/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948365|University of Witwatersrand Sociology of Work Unit]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948365|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948365/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948388|University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Agrisciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948388|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948398|University of Cape Town Department of Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948398|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948398/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948504|University of Pretoria Mammal Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948504|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948504/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe Emqoka, Free State]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1054047|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1054047/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INsimi yoMchazazilo kaZwelonke yaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1139958|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1139958/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q117252774|Buffelskloof Herbarium]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117252774|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q117252774/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1206693|Development Bank of Southern Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1206693|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1206693/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[SADiLaR|I-SADiLaR]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q124540717|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q124540717/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125736882|Jan Smuts House Library]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125736882|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125736882/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[IZiqiwu Zikazwelonke zaseNingizimu Afrika]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364273|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364273/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[I-Eskom]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1367885|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1367885/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1419926|South African Broadcasting Corporation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1419926|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1419926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1465079|Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1465079|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1465079/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17060860|K-RITH]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17060860|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17060860/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17111389|Thobela FM]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17111389|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17111389/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q186192|Lithuanians]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q186192|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q186192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q227807|South African Astronomical Observatory]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q227807|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q227807/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[I-Vaal University of Technology]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2399345|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2399345/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25048766|CIVICUS]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25048766|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25048766/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25613931|IThemba LABS]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25613931|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q25613931/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q263265|University of Transkei]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q263265|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q263265/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2685228|Armscor]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2685228|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2685228/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q28003638|Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28003638|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q28003638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q289277|Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q289277|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q289277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2929441|Technikon Witwatersrand]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2929441|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2929441/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30292279|TB HIV Care Association]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30292279|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30292279/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30294598|International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30294598|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30294598/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3135391|South African Military Academy]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3135391|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3135391/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q42914025|Embassy of Japan in South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42914025|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q42914025/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q47486748|National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47486748|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47486748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4940284|Bolus Herbarium]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4940284|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4940284/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q511491|Kalahari Meerkat Project]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q511491|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q511491/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5209386|Daily Voice]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209386|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5209386/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[E.tv]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322327|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5322327/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5428988|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Humanities]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428988|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428988/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55829926|Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55829926|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55829926/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58022405|Kimberley Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58022405|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58022405/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q61930814|Smuts House Museum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q61930814|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q61930814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6794160|Daily Maverick]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6794160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6794160/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565710|South African Institute of International Affairs]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7568198|South Peninsula High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568198|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568198/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8040081|Wynberg Girls' High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q8040081|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q8040081/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseVenda|I-University of Venda]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q892543|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q892543/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe yaseDurban]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[UMnyango Wezolimo, Ukuthuthukiswa Komhlaba Nentuthuko Yasemaphandleni]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98140121|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q98140121/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99286062|Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286062|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286062/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99286067|North-West University - Vaal Triangle Campus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286067|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99286067/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24451|Kruger National Park]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24451|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q24451/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Tanzanian universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11172</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130782</id>
      <parentid>128630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:20:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130782</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3666" sha1="3457d2yoryxa0ul1c90c83eiqvot9ht" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q924 Scholia for Tanzania]

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{| class='wikitable sortable'
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! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
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| ''[[:d:Q557597|University of Dar es Salaam]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q557597|14]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q557597/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
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| ''[[:d:Q17155794|Amani Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17155794|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17155794/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4005900|Sokoine University of Agriculture]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4005900|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4005900/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15238456|Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15238456|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15238456/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17079869|Pollita Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17079869|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17079869/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111327287|Bongo Times Now]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111327287|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111327287/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1240270|Mzumbe University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1240270|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1240270/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262076|Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262076|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262076/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280978|National Institute for Medical Research]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280978|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280978/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5146612|College of African Wildlife Management]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5146612|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5146612/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60776267|Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60776267|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60776267/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6933030|Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6933030|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6933030/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q693769|University of Dodoma]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q693769|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q693769/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q954747|East African Airways]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q954747/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Zimbabwean universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130367</id>
      <parentid>129770</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:08:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130367</origin>
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      <text bytes="2983" sha1="baudutks42o0kvgcy3fzbnivsfvxau8" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q954 Scholia for Zimbabwe]

{{Wikidata list
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SELECT
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  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q581954|University of Zimbabwe]]''
| 14
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q581954|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q581954/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6842554|Midlands State University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6842554|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6842554/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q623811|NewsDay]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q623811|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q623811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30267810|African Capacity Building Foundation]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267810|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30267810/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6798646|Mazowe Boys High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6798646|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6798646/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30261638|African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261638|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261638/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q383939|Africa University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383939|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383939/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6867112|Ministry of Health and Child Welfare]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6867112|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6867112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948566|National University of Science and Technology Faculty of Applied Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948566|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948566/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5308248|Solusi University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5308248|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5308248/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umdlwane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11355</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130696</id>
      <parentid>96007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:17:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ShanduMm</username>
        <id>25498</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Socialization&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376922317|Puppy]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>130696</origin>
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      <text bytes="6909" sha1="9obxmy3vjic95pz8pc1rjqex3hrnrk2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Golden Retriever Puppy.JPG|alt=Inganyana yeGolden Retriever|thumb|Inganyana yeGolden Retriever]]
Umdlwane yinja encane. Eminye imidlwane ingaba nesisindo esingu-1-1,5 kg (1-3 lb), kanti yona emikhulu ingahle ibe nesisindo esingama-7-11 kg (15-23 lb). Yonke imidlwane enempilo ikhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa. Umbala wejazi lomdlwane ungashintsha njengoba imveku ikhula, njengoba kuvame ukubonakala ezinhlotsheni ezinjengeJ Yorkshire Terrier. I-Puppy ibhekisisa ngqo ezinjeni ezincane, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Puppy|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/puppy|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access=date=April 30, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngenkathi imidlwane ingahle isetshenziselwe ezinye izilwane ezinjengezimpisi, uphawu, izindlulamthi, izingulube ezisegazini, amagundane noma oshaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pup|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pup|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access=date=April 30, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Intuthuko ==
Izalelwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-63 zokumitha, imidlwane ivela emgodini olunywe bese idliwe yinja yenja. &lt;ref&gt;Whitehead, Sarah. ''Dog: The complete guide'', 1999, page 158&lt;/ref&gt; Izingane ziqala ukuncela ngokushesha. Uma udoti udlula imidlwane eyisithupha, ikakhulukazi uma kunamamaki eyodwa noma amaningi asobala, ukungenelela komuntu ekondleni imidlwane enamandla kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abagijimayo bathola ukondliwa okufanele nokunakwa okuvela kumama. Njengoba zifinyelela inyanga eyodwa yobudala, imidlwane kancane kancane ilunyulwa bese iqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile. Umama angahle akhiphe ukudla okugaywe ngokwengxenye noma akuyeke kudle okuqinile. &lt;ref&gt;Coren, Stanley. ''Why Does My Dog Act That Way?: A Complete Guide to Your Dog's Personality'', 2006, page 44&lt;/ref&gt; Umama uvama ukwenqaba ngalesi sikhathi, yize kwesinye isikhathi angavumela ukuba anikeze induduzo.

Ekuqaleni, imidlwane isebenzisa isikhathi sayo esiningi sokulala nokuphumula kokudla. Ngokwemvelo bahlanganisa ndawonye babe yinqwaba futhi bakhathazeke uma behlukaniswa nokuxhumana nabantu ababambele nabo, kude nebanga elifushane. &lt;ref&gt;Larkin, Peter. ''The ultimate encyclopedia of dogs, dog breeds &amp; dog care'', 2006, page 53&lt;/ref&gt;

Imidlwane izalwa inomqondo osebenza ngokugcwele wephunga. Bahluleka ukuvula amehlo abo. Emavikini abo okuqala, izinzwa zezinyaneve zonke zikhula ngokushesha. Ngalesi sigaba, ekhaleni kungumqondo oyinhloko osetshenziswa imidlwane ukuthola izifuba zikanina, futhi kutholakale ababambeli bazo, uma behlukaniswa buqamama. Imidlwane ivula amehlo ayo cishe ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kwezilishumi nanye emva kokuzalwa. Ekuqaleni, ama-retinas abo athuthukiswe kabi futhi umbono wabo mubi. Imidlwane ayikwazi ukubona kanye nezinja ezindala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlebe zezimveku zihlala zivalwe kuze kube cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi nantathu kuya kweziyishumi nesikhombisa emva kokuzalwa, emva kwalokho ziphendule ngokwengeziwe emisindo. Phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane, imidlwane iqala ukuquma, ilume, igobise imisila yayo, namagxolo. &lt;ref&gt;White, Linda. ''First Steps with Puppies and Kittens: A Practice-Team Approach to Behavior'', 2009, page 54&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Basset hound teddy.jpg|alt=Basset Hound|thumb|Basset Hound]]
Imidlwane ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba amehlo nezindlebe zivulekile futhi ayisancike kunina ngokuphelele. Ukuxhumana namandla abo kuyathuthuka, bavele kanye nabashonile, bese beqala ukuhlola umhlaba ngaphandle kwesidleke. Badlala imidlalo yokulwa, ukujaha, ukubusa, nemidlalo yokulwa impi....

== Ukuhlalisana ==
Imidlwane iyizilwane ezinenhlalo kakhulu futhi zichitha amahora amaningi okuvuka kwayo zisebenzisana nonina noma ilitha. Lapho imidlwane ihlotshaniswa nabantu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili neshumi nambili, bakhulisa amakhono okuhlala nabantu. Lezo ezingatholi ukuthula okwenele ngalesi sikhathi zingakhombisa indlela ezesabekayo ezungeze abantu noma ezinye izinja njengabantu abadala. Isikhathi esikhulu sokuhlangana komphakathi siphakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili nambili; abaqeqeshi bezilwane abaqeqeshiwe kanye ne-American Kennel Club yeluleka imidlwane kufanele ingeniswe &quot;Kubantu abayi-100 ngamaviki ayi-12&quot; futhi ihlangane nabantu abaningi nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Paddock|first=Arliss|title=The Importance of Puppy Socialization|url=http://classic.akc.org/enewsletter/yourakc/2009/march/puppy.cfm|publisher=[[American Kennel Club]]|accessdate=28 January 2014|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6My3dJiC0?url=http://classic.akc.org/enewsletter/yourakc/2009/march/puppy.cfm|archivedate=28 January 2014|url-status=live|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Socialization ==

Izinja ziyizilwane ezihlalisana ndawonye kakhulu futhi zichitha amahora amaningi okuvuka zisebenzisana nonina noma izingane ezizalanayo. Uma imidlwane ihlangana nabantu ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amabili, ithuthukisa amakhono abalulekile okuxhumana. 

Imidlwane engatholi ukuxhumana okwanele nabantu phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi ingaze zibonise ukuziphatha okwesaba kubantu, ezinye izinja, noma izimo ezingajwayelekile kamuva ekuphileni. Izinja eziningi nazo zibhekana nesikhathi sokwesaba kokukhula esiphakathi kwamasonto angu-8 kuya kwayi-12 ubudala lapho zingaba nokuqapha okwesikhashana noma ukwesaba abantu abajwayele ngaphambili, izinto, noma izindawo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Is My Puppy So Aggressive? What's Normal, What's Not, and What to Do Next|url=https://paw-champ.com/journal/why-is-my-puppy-so-aggressive/|accessdate=2026-07-15|website=PawChamp - Dog Training &amp; Care App from Dog Experts}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuxhumana nabantu siphakathi kwamaviki ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amabili abaqeqeshi bezilwane abangocwepheshe kanye ne-I-American Kennel Club bayeluleka ukuthi imidlwane kufanele yethulwe kubantu abangu-100 ngamasonto angu-12 futhi ihlangabezane nokukhethwa kwabantu abaningi nezindawo ezihlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paddock|first=Arliss|title=The Importance of Puppy Socialization|url=http://classic.akc.org/enewsletter/yourakc/2009/march/puppy.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175318/http://classic.akc.org/enewsletter/yourakc/2009/march/puppy.cfm|archive-date=2 February 2014|accessdate=28 January 2014|publisher=[[American Kennel Club]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Izixhumanisi ezingaphandle ==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Puppy.ogg|2019-6-28}}

* [http://www.akc.org/press_center/article.cfm?article_id=5437 Izinhlobo ezinhle zabanikazi bezinja zokuqala] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606225740/http://www.akc.org/press_center/article.cfm?article_id=5437 |date=2014-06-06 }} from the AKC
* [http://images.akc.org/pdf/canine_legislation/good_neighbor.pdf Imithetho - Yiba izinja zakho umngani omkhulu nomakhelwane omuhle] from the AKC

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Moroccon hospitals</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>12723</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130818</id>
      <parentid>128886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T06:03:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>130818</origin>
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      <text bytes="23404" sha1="jarle7xgbifdptvvzhfe0i46yjpzasa" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT ?item WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917;
        wdt:P17 wd:Q1028.
}
|section=
|sort=P131
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! In administrative entity
! Geo Coordinate
! Image
! Locator map image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106588904|University Hospital Agadir]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454832|Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454833|C. d'Oncologie d'Agadir]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q170525|Agadir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444437|Al Ghassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244506|Agdal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444438|Ibn Al Baitar Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244506|Agdal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444470|Ibn Sina Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444472|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444474|Souissi Maternity Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444476|Children's Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444478|Orangers Maternity Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444480|Med Ben Abdellah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2826510|Agdal-Ryad]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444402|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q613913|Al Aaroui]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444550|Mohamed Baouafi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2829332|Al Fida]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136441406|Al Hoceima Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q310350|Al Hoceima]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136441988|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q310350|Al Hoceima]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454843|Centre Hospitalier Provencial D'Assa - Zag]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q685870|Assa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442056|Assilah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q730328|Asilah]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900514|Azemmour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178172|Azemmour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444500|Central High Atlas Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1934167|Azilal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q121435143|20 August Provincial Hospital in Azrou]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q794128|Azemour]]''
| {{Coord|33.438984|-5.214524|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hôpital Provincial 20 Août Azrou 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444453|20 August Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q794128|Azemour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444556|Leprology Center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244542|Aïn Chock]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444558|Mohamed Sekkat Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244542|Aïn Chock]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444486|El Ayachi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2877678|Bab Lamrissa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900493|Bejaad Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q895029|Bejaeed]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900497|Ben Ahmed Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2294808|Ben Ahmed]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454819|Hôpital Benguerir]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2542724|Ben Guerir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454802|Hôpital  Ben Msick]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q4886093|Ben M'Sik European Cemetery]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85875019|Ben Smim Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q20390976|Ben Smim]]''
| 
| [[File:IBEN SAMIM.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444504|Beni Mellal Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q817279|Beni Mellal]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900485|Hassan II hospital (Ben Slimane)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1970952|Benslimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444391|Edderak Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q820813|Berkane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900486|Errazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2191860|Berrechid]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900487|Berrchid hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2191860|Berrechid]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454834|Hôpital Mokhtar Soussi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q662659|Biougra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444384|Ben Karrich Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2404500|Bni Karrich]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444367|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444396|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2293231|Bouarfa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454844|Hôpital de Proximite de Bouizakarne]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2921651|Bouizakarne]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454848|Centre Hospitalier Boujdour]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q599897|Boujdour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444528|Bouskoura Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2294847|Bouskoura]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30279999|CHU Ibn Rochd]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q7903|Casablanca]]''
| {{Coord|33.573642|-7.58976|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444370|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16538474|Charf-Mghogha]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442052|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q676778|Chefchaouen]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454805|Hôpital Mohamed VI]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1072085|Chichaoua (Province)]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454854|Direction Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q345204|Dakhla]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444530|Prince My Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12211296|Dar Bouazza]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444502|Demnate Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540234|Demnate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444395|Driouch Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1259122|Driouch]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444419|Laayoune Sidi Mellouk Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3049730|El Aioun Sidi Mellouk]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444435|Prince My Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2606723|El Hajeb]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900498|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q219583|El Jadida]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454806|Hôpital Assalama]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3985724|El Kelaa des Sraghna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454807|Hôpital psychiatrique]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3985724|El Kelaa des Sraghna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444450|Ibn Al Khatib Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244519|El Mariniyine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444451|Ibn Al Hassan Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244519|El Mariniyine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454821|Sghiri Houmman I Ben Maati]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q648987|Erfoud]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454822|Hôpital Moulay Ali Chérif]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454823|Hôpital Amir Soultan Ibn Abdelaziz]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454826|HPr Rich]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1980885|Errachidia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454850|Centre Hospitalier Provincial Es-Semara]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q842810|Smara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454809|Hôpital Sidi Med Ben Abdellah]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q216939|Essaouira]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444448|Omar Drissi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q20424442|Fes-Medina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254120|CHU Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q80985|Fez]]''
| {{Coord|34.004653|-4.962407|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU Hassan II.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q91339911|Maristan of Sidi Frej]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q80985|Fez]]''
| {{Coord|34.065185|-4.975066|display=inline}}
| [[File:Sidi frej foundouk.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444510|Fquih Ben Salah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895854|Fkih Ben Saleh]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444512|Souk Sebt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895854|Fkih Ben Saleh]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444386|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q513678|Fnideq]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444457|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3104753|Ghafsai]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454824|Hôpital 20 Août]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3111649|Goulmima]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454845|Centre Hospitalier Régional de Guelmim]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136547635|Moulay El Hassan Military Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136547710|Guelmim Private Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q842806|Guelmim]]''
| {{Coord|28.999127|-10.055328|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hôpital Privé Guelmim.png|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444398|Guercif Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2330467|Guercif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454810|Hôpital Ibn Tofeil]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454811|Hôpital Ibn Nafis]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454812|Hopital Mère-Enfant]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454813|Centre d'Hématologie Oncologie]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454814|Hôpital Arrazi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3122412|Guéliz]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444482|My Youssef Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3128108|Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444484|Moulay Youssef Hospital (Old Rabat Hospital)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3128108|Hassan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444554|El Hassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3408880|Hay Hassani]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444552|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12186855|Hay Mohammadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444488|Moulay Abdellah Hospital (Prefectural Hospital)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3141770|Hssaine]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q21512945|Cheikh Zaid hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3551|i-Rabat]]''
| {{Coord|33.97745|-6.869363|display=inline}}
| [[File:Hôpital Cheikh Zaid - Intérieur.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442050|Imzouren Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2719983|Imzouren]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454835|Hôpital Inezgane]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2736030|Inezgane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444491|Jorf Elmelha Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3183779|Jorf El Melha]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454829|Hôpital de Proximité Kelâat Mgouna]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1018286|Kalaat M'Gouna]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444506|Moulay Ismail Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1734833|Kasba Tadla]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900522|Al Idrissi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q478207|Kenitra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444463|Khémisset Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1046653|Khemisset]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444514|Khenifra Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q990115|Khenifra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900488|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q595974|Khouribga]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442053|Ksar El Kebir Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q52603|Ksar el-Kebir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444401|Jrada Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q27534254|Laaouinate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442054|Lalla Meriem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q606775|Larache]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454851|Hôpital Moulay Hassane Ben Mehdi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454852|Hôpital Militaire Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454853|Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Laayoune]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q631610|Laâyoune Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444388|Mohammed VI Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501764|M'diq]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444516|M'Rirt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2291564|M'Rirt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984171|Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.670353|-7.996795|display=inline}}
| [[File:Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5984270|Ibn Tofail University Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.6419|-8.01533|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280028|CHU Mohammed VI]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.664209|-7.995753|display=inline}}
| [[File:CHU Mohammed VI.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58366548|Dar el Beida Palace hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.603726|-7.981473|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106982007|Ibn Zohr Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| {{Coord|31.618327|-7.995054|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106986239|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| 
| [[File:CHU Marrakech Mohammed VI (66431).jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454818|Hôpital Saada]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q101625|Marrakech]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454815|Hôpital El Antaki]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3294832|Marrakech-Medina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444539|20 August 1953 Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444542|Ibn Rochd Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444544|Children's Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3303192|Maârif]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60537435|Moulay Ismaïl Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| {{Coord|33.892664|-5.545651|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q60762977|Louis hotel hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| {{Coord|33.888725|-5.523372|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444422|Sidi Said Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444424|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444426|Pagnon Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444428|Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q178663|Meknes]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454816|Hôpital Mhamid]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3333190|Menara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454825|Hôpital Midelt]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501809|Midelt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444430|Green March Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2540367|Missour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444525|My Abdellah Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3325520|Moulay Abdallah]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444521|Médiouna Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2254188|Médiouna Casablanca]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444404|Hassani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q824594|Nador]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454827|Hôpital Sidi Hssain Bencer]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q505208|Ouarzazate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454828|Hôpital Bougafer]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q505208|Ouarzazate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900492|Oued Zem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1724990|Oued Zem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444518|Oued Zem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1724990|Oued Zem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900528|Abou Kacem Zahraoui Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q602426|Ouazzane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30260354|CHU Oujda]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| {{Coord|34.656495|-1.910567|display=inline}}
| [[File:Vue aérienne CHU Mohammed VI Oujda.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444408|Al Farabi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444410|Psychiatric Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444412|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444414|Mother-Child Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q193802|Oujda]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444508|Beni Mellal Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3358170|Oulad M Barek]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454836|Hôpital Oulad Teima]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q785945|Oulad Teima]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444433|S. Ahmed B. Driss Missouri Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3358599|Outat El Haj]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30253994|Ibn Sina hospital center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q966104|Rabat Prefecture]]''
| {{Coord|33.984327|-6.851129|display=inline}}
| [[File:Direction du CHUIS Rabat.png|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444465|Roummani Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3441236|Rommani]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900516|Mohamed V Hospital (Safi)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106510219|hôpital Bimarestan Safi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q582861|Marinid dynasty]]''
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454820|Hôpital Aisha]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q183405|Safi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444440|Oncology Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444442|Specialties Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444445|Mother-Child Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244535|Saiss]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3293729|Madrasa Bou Inaniya]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|34.038|-6.8241|display=inline}}
| [[File:Façade maristane salé.JPG|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254268|CHU Rabat-Salé]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|33.983958|-6.852332|display=inline}}
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280025|El Ayachi hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q466046|Salé]]''
| {{Coord|34.03439|-6.825917|display=inline}}
| [[File:El Ayachi Hospital - 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444393|Saidia Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q4759|Saïdia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137592799|Lalla Hasnaa Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q47075|Scarface]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444455|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1009308|Sefrou]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900495|Hassan II Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q818019|Settat]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900512|Hospital of Sidi Layachi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12217698|Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouche]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444548|My Youssef Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q377853|Sidi Belyout]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444532|Sidi Bennour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q4418748|Sidi Bennour]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444561|Al Mansour Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244536|Sidi Bernoussi]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454846|Hôpital Sidi Ifni]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q632361|Sidi Ifni]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900540|Sidi Kacem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2089594|Sidi Kacem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444493|Sidi Kacem Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2089594|Sidi Kacem]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454801|Hôpital Sidi Moumen]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3483272|Sidi Moumen]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444416|Hassan II Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12217731|Sidi Moussa Lemhaya]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454803|Hôpital Sidi Othmane]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q12244539|Sidi Othmane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900541|Sidi Slimane Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2359952|Sidi Slimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444495|Sidi Slimane Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2359952|Sidi Slimane]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454817|Hôpital Charifa]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3483303|Sidi Youssef Ben Ali]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900524|Zoubir Skirej Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2544644|Souk El Arbaa]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444489|Arrazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3513541|Tabriquet]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454804|Hôpital Mohammed VI]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2189469|Tahannaout]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454808|Hôpital Princesse Lalla Khadija]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q305302|Tamallalt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454847|Hôpital Hassan II]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q936316|Tan-Tan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5688975|Benchimol Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q126148|Tangier]]''
| 
| [[File:Solar Hospital Benchimol 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106783708|CHU Tangier]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q126148|Tangier]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444372|Mohamed V Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444374|Al Kortobi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444376|Duc De Tovar Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444378|Oncology Center]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q16679016|Tanger-Médina]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444460|Taounate Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2548730|Taounate]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444420|Taourirt Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2329701|Taourirt]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136442051|Targuist Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2544562|Targuist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16533044|Bni Makada]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454838|Hôpital Mokhtar Es-Soussi]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q762727|Taroudant]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454840|Centre Hôspitalier Provincial TaTa]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q546437|Tata Province]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444461|Ibn Baja Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q574469|Taza]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444498|Princess Lalla Aicha Hospital (Former Sidi Lahcen)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1635606|Temara]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444467|Tiflet Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2501786|Tiflet]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454830|Hôpital Municipal de Tinghir]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q335141|Tinghir]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444523|Tit Mellil Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q3529467|Tit Mellil]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454841|Hôpital Hassan Premier]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q587107|Tiznit]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454842|Hôpital Houmane El Fetouaki]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q587107|Tiznit]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444380|Civil Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q185157|Tétouan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444382|Errazi Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q185157|Tétouan]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900520|Lalla Hasna Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q2627209|Youssoufia]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136454831|Hôpital Derrak]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q140354|Zagora]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444406|Zaio Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q144416|Zaio]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q69900519|Zemamra Hospital (Sidi Bennour Province)]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740626|Zemamra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q136444534|Zmamra Hospital]]''
| 
| [[IMorokho]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740626|Zemamra]]''
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Impilo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18616</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130599</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:56:45Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Soyiya</username>
        <id>25421</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376415598|Life]]&quot;</comment>
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Incazelo yokuphila sekuyisikhathi eside iyinselelo kososayensi kanye nezazi zefilosofi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsokolov-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tsokolov |first=Serhiy A. |date=May 2009 |title=Why Is the Definition of Life So Elusive? Epistemological Considerations |journal=[[Astrobiology (journal)|Astrobiology]] |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=401–412 |bibcode=2009AsBio...9..401T |doi=10.1089/ast.2007.0201 |pmid=19519215}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmeche-1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Emmeche|first=Claus|year=1997|title=Defining Life, Explaining Emergence|url=http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314095044/http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/cePubl/97e.defLife.v3f.html|archive-date=14 March 2012|accessdate=25 May 2012|publisher=[[Niels Bohr Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McKay-2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McKay |first=Chris P. |date=14 September 2004 |title=What Is Life—and How Do We Search for It in Other Worlds? |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=2 |issue=9 |page=302 |bibcode=2004PLOSB...2..302M |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020302 |pmc=516796 |pmid=15367939 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi ukuphila kuyinqubo, hhayi into.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mautner-1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |year=1997 |title=Directed panspermia. 3. Strategies and motivation for seeding star-forming clouds |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Journal of the British Interplanetary Society]] |volume=50 |pages=93–102 |bibcode=1997JBIS...50...93M |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064738/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFDirectedPanspermia3JBIS1997Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mautner-2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |date=2000 |title=Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |publisher=Michael Mautner |isbn=978-0-476-00330-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064713/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=McKay |first=Chris |date=18 September 2014 |title=What is life? It's a Tricky, Often Confusing Question |journal=Astrobiology Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi lwezimpawu zezinto eziphilayo, uma zikhona, okungenzeka ukuthi zavela ngaphandle koMhlaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Nealson |first=K.H. |last2=Conrad |first2=P.G. |date=December 1999 |title=Life: past, present and future |url=https://royalsociety.org/journals/ |url-status=live |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B]] |volume=354 |issue=1392 |pages=1923–1939 |bibcode=1999RSPTB.354.1923N |doi=10.1098/rstb.1999.0532 |pmc=1692713 |pmid=10670014 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160103000925/https://royalsociety.org/journals/ |archive-date=3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mautner-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mautner |first=Michael N. |author-link=Michael N. Mautner |year=2009 |title=Life-centered ethics, and the human future in space |url=http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Bioethics |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=433–440 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00688.x |pmid=19077128 |s2cid=25203457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102064743/http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFLifeCenteredBioethics2009Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izincazelo zefilosofi zokuphila nazo ziye zaphakanyiswa, ngobunzima obufanayo bokuthi kungahlukaniswa kanjani izinto eziphilayo kulezo ezingaphili.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeuken M-1975&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jeuken M |year=1975 |title=The biological and philosophical defitions of life |journal=Acta Biotheoretica |volume=24 |issue=1–2 |pages=14–21 |doi=10.1007/BF01556737 |pmid=811024 |s2cid=44573374}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izincazelo ezingokomthetho zokuphila ziye zaphikisana, yize ngokuvamile zigxile esinqumweni sokumemezela ukuthi umuntu ufile, kanye nemiphumela engokomthetho yalesi sinqumo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Capron-1978&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Capron AM |year=1978 |title=Legal definition of death |journal=[[Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences]] |volume=315 |issue=1 |pages=349–362 |bibcode=1978NYASA.315..349C |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb50352.x |pmid=284746 |s2cid=36535062}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okungenani izincazelo ezingu-123 zokuphila ziye zahlanganiswa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trifonov-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Trifonov |first=Edward N. |date=17 March 2011 |title=Vocabulary of Definitions of Life Suggests a Definition |journal=Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=259–266 |doi=10.1080/073911011010524992 |pmid=21875147 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Impilo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Foreign Affairs Ministers of Cameroon</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>26586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130784</id>
      <parentid>124265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T03:23:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
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      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2525" sha1="6c3dqzb84isrund9x20u7rlbo32qt93" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q18204362
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
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|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
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{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16654676|Lejeune Mbella Mbella]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2015-10-02
| 
| [[File:Deputy Secretary Sherman Meets With Cameroonian Foreign Minister Lejeune Mbella Mbella (52565732764).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17306253|Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2011-12-09
| 2015-10-01
| [[File:Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58236|Henri Eyebe Ayissi]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2007-09-07
| 2011-12-09
| [[File:Meeting Foreign Minister of Cameroon (6170457990) cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3167555|Jean-Marie Atangana Mebara]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2006-09-22
| 2007-09-06
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3219209|Laurent Esso]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2004-12-08
| 2006-09-21
| [[File:Laurent Esso (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q98815574|François-Xavier Ngoubeyou]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 2001-04-27
| 2004-12-07
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4821116|Augustin Kontchou Kouomegni]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1997-12-07
| 2001-04-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1000379|Ferdinand Oyono]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1992-11-27
| 1997-12-07
| [[File:Ferdinand Léopold Oyono, Cameroonian Minister of State in charge of Culture - 2004 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108292437|Philippe Mataga]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1987-01-01
| 1988-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3467356|William Eteki Mboumoua]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1984-07-07
| 1987-01-23
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q36697084|Félix Tonye Mbog]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1983-01-01
| 1984-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108292436|Paul Dontsop]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 1980-01-01
| 1983-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108292435|Raymond N'Thepe]]''
| 
| 
| 1970-01-01
| 1971-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108292434|Benoît Bindzi]]''
| 
| 
| 1966-01-01
| 1968-01-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q70251156|Simon Nko'o Etoungou]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q24203087|Jean Keutcha]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20995542|Vincent Efon]]''
| 
| [[IKamerooni]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5081353|Charles Okala]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKamerooni]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Charles Okala Sénat.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
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| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
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| ''[[:d:Q124285694|Getahun Mekuria]]''
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| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
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| ''[[:d:Q16728486|Demeke Mekonnen]]''
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| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
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| 2020-01-22
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| ''[[:d:Q136203255|Genet Zewde]]''
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| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
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| ''[[:d:Q75024856|Yayehyirad Kitaw]]''
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| [[I-Itiyopiya|I-Ithiopia]]
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    <title>Amasiko</title>
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'''Isiko''' (/ˈkʌltʃər/ KUL-chər noma //ˈkʊltʃər/ / KUUL-chær) ngumqondo ohlanganisa ukuziphatha komphakathi, izikhungo, nezindinganiso ezitholakala emiphakathini yabantu, kanye [[ULwazi|nolwazi]], [[Inkolelo|izinkolelo]], ubuciko, [[Umthetho|imithetho]], amasiko, amakhono, izimiso zengqondo, nemikhuba yabantu kula maqembu. Isiko livame ukuvela noma libhalwe esifundeni noma endaweni ethile.

Abantu bathola isiko ngezinqubo [[Ukufunda|zokufunda]] zamasiko nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi, okuboniswa ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko emiphakathini. Isimiso esingokwesiko sihlanganisa ukuziphatha okwamukelekayo emphakathini; sisebenza njengesiqondiso sokuziphatha, ukugqoka, ulimi, kanye nesimo sengqondo esimweni, esisebenza njengesibonelo sokulindela eqenjini lezenhlalakahle. Ukwamukela isiko elilodwa kuphela eqenjini lezenhlalo kungaletha izingozi, njengoba nje uhlobo olulodwa lungase lubune lapho lubhekene noshintsho lwendawo ezungezile, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusabela okusebenzayo noshintsho olunjalo. Ngakho-ke emphakathini wezempi, ubuqhawe bubalwa njengokuziphatha okujwayelekile komuntu, futhi umsebenzi, udumo, nokwethembeka eqenjini lezenhlalo kubhekwa njengezimfanelo ezinhle noma ukusabela okusebenzayo ekuqhubekeni kokungqubuzana. Enkolweni, izimfanelo ezifanayo zingabonakala eqenjini lezenhlalo.
[[Category:Isiko]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Soyiya|Soyiya]] ([[User talk:Soyiya|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]</comment>
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| image2            = Singapore. Sri Mariamman. Gopuram. South East-19.JPG
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| image3            = Zulu_Culture,_KwaZulu-Natal,_South_Africa_(20325264550).jpg
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| image4            = Erechtheum Acropolis Athens.jpg
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| image5            = Elithi_Sibanyoni_ngesibheqe_sohlamvu.png
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| caption1          = Imidwebo yezimpawu yasendulo lanfuna namuhla sekuyindlela evamile
| caption2          = [[Inkolo]] kanye [[Ubuciko|nobuciko]] ziyizici ezibalulekile zesiko labantu
| caption3          = AmaZulu esina ngokwesiko lawo
| caption4          =  ISikhungo sasendulo i-Acropolis
| caption5          = Izindlela [[Ukubhala|zokubhala]] njengesiBheqe sohlamvu ziletha ubuhlonzi besiko
}}

'''Isiko''' (noma '''usiko''') isicabango esihlanganisa ukuziphatha ngokwenhlalo, izikhungo nemikhuba engokwenhlalo okutholakala emphakathini yabantu, kanye nolwazi, [[Inkolelo|izinkolelo]], [[ubuciko]], imithetho, [[Inkambiso|izinkambiso]], amakhono, izimo zengqondo, [[Ukuziphatha|ukuziphatha kwabantu]] emaqenjini abo.&lt;ref name= tyor1871 &gt;Tylor, Edward. (1871). ''Primitive Culture''. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son&lt;/ref&gt; Isiko livame ukuvela nokuba elasendaweni ethile.

Abantu bazuza isiko ngokufundiswa ngesiko nokuxhumana nalo, okuyinto eyenzeka emasikweni ahlukene. Imikhuba yesiko ithathwa njengemithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini; iyisiqondiso sokuziphatha, ukugqoka, ulimi, nokuzotha esimeni esithile, futhi iyisifanekiso sendlela efanele emphakathini. Ukwamukela ukuthi kunesiko elilodwa eqenjini lomphakathi kuyingozi, njengoba nomqhinqa owodwa kulula ukuthi ushabalale ngenxa nokuguqula kwemvelo, nokuswela izindlela sokusabela ezizosebenzisa uma kunezinguquko.&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Y. ''Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology'', p. 203&lt;/ref&gt; Ingakho ngokwesiko lezempi, isibindi sithatha njengokucondoza okuvamile, futhi imfanelo, udumo, nobuqotho eqenjini lezenhlalo kuyizilungo noma ukusabela okusebenzayo lapho kunempi eqhubekayo. Ngokwenkolo, kunemidanti ethathwa njengesiko ehlonza amakholwa.

Inguquko engokwesiko, iwukwakhiwa kabusha kwemicabango sesiko emphakathini. Amasiko akhinyabezwa ngaphakathi yiziphoqi ezikhuthaza izinguquko kanye nayiziphoqi ezizabalaza ngokumelene nezinguquko. Amasiko ayakhinyabezeka kakhulu lapho ethintana nezinye imiphakathi.
Izinhlangano ezifana ne[[UNESCO]] zilinga ukukhweza amasiko [[Ifagugu lesiko|nefagugu lesiko.]]

== Ingcaziso ==
[[File:The Fulani traditional marriage requirements which is flogging of the Groom.jpg|thumb|Izimfuneko zenkambiso yamaFulani zihlanganisa ukubhaxabulwa ngumkhwenyana.]]
[[File:Africa_Speaks!_(1930)_-_Pygmy_Drummers.jpg|thumb|Abashayi sigubhu abayizichwe bedlala Umculo wabo..]]
Isiko lithathwa njengesicabango esiyinhloko kwezomchazaluntu, esihlanganisa isimongotho ezihkobonhlobo ezidluliswa ngokufundiswa okungokwezenhlalo emphakathini. Kukhona ezinto ezingokwesiko ezikhona kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Ezihlanganisa imivezo efana [[Ubuciko|nobuciko]], [[umculo]], [[umsino]], umcikilisho, [[inkolo]], nezobuchwepheshe ezifana nezilekeleli, [[ukupheka]], [[Indlu|izindlu]], nezingubo. Isicabango sesiko eliphathekayo sihlanganisa imivezo yesiko efana nobuchwepheshe, izakhiwo, nobuciko, kuyilapho izici elingaphatheki zesiko zihlanganisa ukujleleka ngokwezenhlalo (okuhlanganisa  ukuhleleka ngokwezombisazwe nezikhungo ezingokwenhlalo), izinsomi, [[injulalwazi]], [[ubucikomazwi]] (kokubili [[Ukubhala|obubhalwayo]] nobomlomo), [[Inzululwazi|nenzululwazi]] ihlanganisa ifagugu lesiko elingaphatheki lomohakathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macionis, Gerber and 2010 53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Sociology |last1=Macionis |first1=John J. |last2=Gerber |first2=Linda Marie |date=2011 |publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall |oclc=652430995 |isbn=978-0-13-700161-3 |location=Toronto |page=53}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ezolintu|kwezoluntu]], umuzwa ongokwesiko womuntu uyimfanelo eyizinga elimenza ahlakulele izinga elithile lekhono kwezobuciko, izinzululwazi, wezemfundo, nemikhuba emihle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond |title=Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society |publisher=Fontana |year=1988 |page=87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinga ngesiko lite lasetshenziswa ekuhlakaniswni phakathi kwempucuzeko nemiphakathi ehlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Childe |first=V. Gordon |title=Man Makes Himself |publisher=Mentor |year=1951 |page=150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Efana nemibomo yoQhiwu ngesiko etholakala ekuhlakaniswni kwesigaba sezicukuthwane nesigaba sabahlwempu, isiko elithandwayo, noma isiko lesintu, lwesigaba esiphansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Bourdieu |first=Pierre |title=Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste |publisher=Routledge |year=1984 |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokuvamile, isiko lisetshenziswa njengendlela yokubhekisela ezimpawini eziqembula amaqembu ohlanga lapho ezihlukanisa, ezifana nemikleklo, izingubo noma ukuhloba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hall |first=Stuart |title=Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices |publisher=Sage |year=1997 |page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isikoclikawonke, lisho isiko labathengi elikhiqizwa ngobuningi elvela ekhulwini lama-20.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Storey |first=John |title=Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izikole zenjulalwazi, ezifana nobuMarxism nesigxeko sobuhlanga, zitho isiko livame ukusetshenziswa kwezombusazwe njengethuluzi lezicukithwane lokulumba izisebenzi futhi kudaleke impaphamo yamanga].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Eagleton |first=Terry |title=Literary Theory: An Introduction |publisher=Blackwell |year=1983 |page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imibonocefana nalena ivamile ezifundweni zamasiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond |title=Culture and Society |publisher=Chatto &amp; Windus |year=1958 |page=125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phakathi kwezenzululwazi ezenhlalo zonke, imibono efana nesiko eliphathekayo zithi amasiko abantu awumphumela wezimo zempilo eziphathekayo zabantu, nokutho isisekelo sesiko sitholakala kwingukufuzo yomuntu nokuthambekela komqondo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Harris |first=Marvin |title=Cultural Materialism: The Struggle for a Science of Culture |publisher=Random House |year=1979 |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isiko igama elibuyeisho inkambo, noma inkambiso yomphakathi noma iqembu lohlanga noma Isizwe nolwazi lwaso.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Geertz |first=Clifford |title=The Interpretation of Cultures |publisher=Basic Books |year=1973 |page=89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokwalomqondo, ukuba masikoningi kusho ukuphilisana ndawonye ngokuhloniphana phakathi kwamadolo ahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kymlicka |first=Will |title=Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sometimes &quot;culture&quot; is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a [[subculture]] (e.g., &quot;[[bro culture]]&quot;), or a [[counterculture]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Hebdige |first=Dick |title=Subculture: The Meaning of Style |publisher=Routledge |year=1979 |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokomchazaluntu wesiko, kunenkolelombono neyokuhlaziya ethi ukucakathana ngokwesiko kwenza kube nzima ukukleliswa kwamasiko ngokungakhethi ngoba izindlela zocubungula isilo ngalinye zikulo lelo siko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Boas |first=Franz |title=Race, Language, and Culture |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1940 |page=212}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==uMsukagama==
Igama elithi isiko ngokwesichazamazwi sikaVilakazi noDoke livela esenzweni ''-sika'' futhi linemiqondo emithathu, 1. Lisho umsiko, ukusweswa okwenziwa ngento ebukhali, 2. Lisho ukulinganisa noma ukubukela okwenziwa ngenhloso yokulandela isibonelo , 3. Inkambiso noma izinkambo nemikhuba noma izejwayezo ezenziwa ngokuphindiwe.

Namuhla, leligama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza  izindlela abantu abazama ngazo ukunqoba ubuqaba nezibenza kube abantu.&lt;ref name=velkley&gt;{{Cite book |title=Being after Rousseau: philosophy and culture in question |last=Velkley |first=Richard L. |date=2002 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |oclc=47930775 |isbn=978-0-226-85256-0 |chapter=The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilization in Rousseau and German Philosophy |pages=11–30 |location=Chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingakho Isichazamazwi sikaNyembezi noDent sithi elithi isiko lingahunyushwa ngelithi ''impucuzeko''.
Kodwa ngokwemiqondo esiyinikwa uVilakazi, kuyacacacukuthi isiko kwakuyindlela abantu ababehamba ngayo, umhambo wabo noma izinkambo ababejwayele ukuzenza zaba imikhuba. Ingakho kukhulunywa ngokulandela amasiko, ukwenza amasiko, ukulhumbula amasiko, ngoba isiko yindlela inkambiso ethile elandelwayo. Ukuba nesiko kusho ukuba nemicikilisho elandelwayo futhi eyingxenye yobuhlonzi beqembu, umndeni noma isizwe.

Ngokwamazwi omchaziluntu uE. B. Tylor, &quot;isiko liwukuphelela kwenkumbinkimbi ehlanganisa ulwazi, inkolelo, ubuciko, isimilo, umthetho, inkambo, namanye amakhono nemikhuba ezuzwe umuntu njengelunga lomphakathi&quot;. Enyeincazelo ithi, &quot;isiko lichasiswa njengomkhakha wezenhlalo ogcizelela imikhuba, izimfundiso nemivezo ephathekayo, edlulisa inqubeko yomqondo wezenhlalo wempilo okuvunyelwene ngayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://www.academia.edu/9294719 |title=Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability |last1=James |first1=Paul |last2=Magee |first2=Liam |last3=Scerri |first3=Andy |last4=Steger |first4=Manfred |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-138-02572-1 |oclc=942553107 |page=53 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |access-date=May 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626015736/http://www.academia.edu/9294719/Urban_Sustainability_in_Theory_and_Practice_Circles_of_Sustainability_2015_ |archive-date=June 26, 2017 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isichazamazwi sesiNgisi zichaza elithi isiko (culture) ngokuthi &quot;indlela yokuphila, ikakhulu yezinkambo nezinkolelo zeqembu elithile labantu ngaleso sikhathi.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;dict_cult&quot;&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/culture |title=culture |dictionary=Cambridge English Dictionary |access-date=July 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815114957/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/culture |archive-date=August 15, 2015 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umchachiso wokuphathwa kokwethuka uthi isiko uchungexhunge lobuqhebeqhebe nemibono okunikeza abantu isisekelo sokuzibona bangabantu abanesizima nokubaluleka —bezikhuphula ngenxa yezici zoqbo zokuba khona, ukuze balandule ukungabaluleki kobulwane nokufa izothamlilo ezakuqaphela lapho ziqala ukuba nobuchopho obukhulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory |volume=52 |last1=Pyszczynski |first1=Tom |last2=Solomon |first2=Sheldon |last3=Greenberg |first3=Jeff |pages=1–70 |doi=10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001 |series=Advances in Experimental Social Psychology |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-12-802247-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ |title=Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jeff |last2=Koole |first2=Sander L. |last3=Pyszczynski |first3=Tom |year=2013 |publisher=Guilford Publications |isbn=978-1-4625-1479-3 |access-date=June 1, 2016 |archive-date=December 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231020831/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_9dAgAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngokomchazaluntu ==
Yize abachaziluntu emhlabeni wonke bebhekisela encasiselweni yamasiko kaTylor &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tre saggi sull'antropologia dell'età coloniale |language=it |last=Angioni |first=Giulio |author-link=Giulio Angioni |date=1973 |oclc=641869481}}&lt;!-- original citation was [[Giulio Angioni]], ''L'antropologia evoluzionistica di Edward B. Tylor'' in ''Tre saggi...'' cit. in ''Related Studies'', please check and remove this note --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  ngekhulu lama-20 elithi &quot;isiko&quot; lavela njengomqondo ophakathi futhi ohlanganisayo [[Umchazaluntu|womchazaluntu]] waseMelika, lapho livame kakhulu ukubhekisa emandleni omuntu jikelele wokuhlukanisa nokufaka ulwazi lomuntu ngokufanekisa, nokukhulumisana ngokomfanekiso okuhlangenwe nakho okufakiwe emphakathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Teslow |first=Tracy |title=Constructing race: the science of bodies and cultures in American anthropology |year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-60338-3 |oclc=980557304}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Umchazaluntu waseMelika uhlelwe waba imikhakha emine, ngamunye udlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni ngamasiko: umchazaluntu weziphili, umchazaluntu wolimi, umchazaluntu wamasiko, eUnited States naseCanada, imivubukulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122150855/https://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-01-22 |title=anthropology |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |access-date=2026-08-22 |archivedate=2019-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220061305/https://www.lexico.com/definition/anthropology |deadurl=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |title=anthropology |last1=Fernandez |first1=James W. |last2=Hanchett |first2=Suzanne L. |date=August 31, 2015 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=October 30, 2016 |last3=Jeganathan |first3=Pradeep |last4=Nicholas |first4=Ralph W. |last5=Robotham |first5=Donald Keith |last6=Smith |first6=Eric A. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030210125/https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |title=What is Anthropology? – Advance Your Career |publisher=American Anthropological Association |access-date=October 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026173505/http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=2150 |archive-date=October 26, 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge |last1=Haviland |first1=William A. |last2=McBride |first2=Bunny |last3=Prins |first3=Harald E. L. |last4=Walrath |first4=Dana |date=2011 |publisher=Wadsworth/Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-495-81082-7 |oclc=731048150}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi &quot;izibuko zesiko&quot; elaqanjwa isazi semvelaphi nesintu saseJalimane waseMelika uFranz Boas, sibhekisa &quot;ezififiyelweni&quot; esibona ngazo isiko lethu. UMartin Lindstrom uqinisekisa ukuthi izibuko zesiko, zivumela ukuthi sizwisise ngesiko esihlala kulo, &quot;futhi&quot; zingasiphuphuthekisa ezintweni abantu bangaphandle abaziphawula ngokushesha&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Small data: the tiny clues that uncover huge trends |url=https://archive.org/details/desirehunterdisc0000lind |date=2016 |last=Lindström |first=Martin |isbn=978-1-250-08068-4 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=London |oclc=921994909}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukulondwa kwesiko ==
[[File:Restauration cercueil-egyptien Mbalyon (12).jpg|thumb|Ukuvuselelwa kwezikhumbuzo zaseGibhithe lasendulo]]
Kunezivumelwano ezimbalwa zamazwe Omhlaba nemithetho yamazwe konke okuphathelene nokulondwa [[Ifagugu lesiko|lwefagugu lesiko]] nenkithinkithi yesiko. INhlangano iUNESCO nezinye izinhlangano ebambisene nazo ezifana neBlue Shield International zoyasebenzisana ekulondeni okwenziwa emazweni omhlaba nasekugunundeni imithetho yendawo.&lt;ref&gt;Roger O’Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari &quot;Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual.&quot; UNESCO, 2016, p. 73.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly.'' UNESCO, September 13, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Isivumelwano saseHague Sokulondolozwa Kwempahla Yesiko Lapho kunempi kanye nesivumelwano seUNESCO Sokulondoloza nokuQhakambisa Inkithinkithi Yokuvezwa Kwesiko simayelana nokulondwa kwesiko. Isogaba sama-27 Sesimemezelo Sikawonke Samalungelo Abantu sidingida Ifagugu lesiko nezindlela ezimbili: similar abantu ilungelo lokuhlanganyela empilweni yesiko nelungelo lokulondwa kweminikelo yabo empilweni yesiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15207&amp;URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&amp;URL_SECTION=201.html |title=UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999 |access-date=September 1, 2021 |archive-date=August 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825150547/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D15207%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Manifestation Défense du service public et de la culture Nantes - 5 décembre 2024 (54185059095).jpg|thumb|Uqwembe lomyaluzisi oluthi &quot;No Culture, No Future!&quot; (Ukungabi nasiko ukungabi nengomuso)]]
Ekhulwini lama- 21, ukulondwa kwesiko kuyinhlozingo yobuqhebeqhebe obukhulayo nezinhlangano zezwe nezamazwe omhlaba. IZizwe eziHlangene neUNESCO zombili ziqhakambisa ukulondolozwa Kwesiko nenkithinkithi yesiko ngezimemezelo nezimvumelwano ezibophayo. Inhloso akulona ukuvikela impahla yomuntu, kodwa ukulondolza ifagugu lesiko lesintu, ikakhulu lapho kinempi noma umbango. NgokukaKarl von Habsburg, onguMengameli wenhlangano iBlue Shield International, ukuchithwa kwengcebo Yesiko kuyongxenye tempo engokwengqondo. Isingcibishe sohlaselo siwubuhlonzi besitha, okwenza ingcebo yesiko engokomfanekiso kube yisingcibishe esiyinhloko. Futhi kwenzelwa ukuba kukhinyabeze inkumbulo Yesiko enobizaze, ukukhula kwenkithinkithi yesiko nesisekelo somnotho (esifana nokhenketho) koombuso, isifunda noma umasipala.&lt;ref&gt;Gerold Keusch &quot;Kulturschutz in der Ära der Identitätskriege&quot; In: Truppendienst - Magazin des Österreichischen Bundesheeres, October 24, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon |date=April 28, 2019 |url=https://www.krone.at/1911689 |language=de |access-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-date=May 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526200932/https://www.krone.at/1911689 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |first1=Corine |last1=Wegener |first2=Marjan |last2=Otter |title=Cultural Property at War: Protecting Heritage during Armed Conflict |work=The Getty Conservation Institute Newsletter |publisher=The Getty Conservation Institute |volume=23 |issue=1 |date=Spring 2008}};
{{citation |first=Eden |last=Stiffman |title=Cultural Preservation in Disasters, War Zones. Presents Big Challenges |work=The Chronicle Of Philanthropy |date=May 11, 2015}};
{{citation |first=Hans |last=Haider |title=Missbrauch von Kulturgütern ist strafbar |work=Wiener Zeitung |date=June 29, 2012 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukhenketho noma ezokuvakasha zinomthelela okhulayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesiko. Kwezinye icala, lokho kungaba umthelela ophathekayo kumalondolondo noma ukubhujiswa okubangwa umnulubalo wesimondawo okhulayo, kwelinye icala, imithelela yenhlalo-siko emphakathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shepard |first=Robert |date=August 2002 |title=Commodification, culture and tourism |journal=Tourist Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=183–201 |doi=10.1177/146879702761936653 |s2cid=55744323}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Coye, N. dir. (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fév. 2009) = Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Paris, February 26 and 27), Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Jaafar |first1=Mastura |last2=Rasoolimanesh |first2=S. Mostafa |last3=Ismail |first3=Safura |year=2017 |title=Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism and community participation: A case study of Langkawi Island |journal=Tourism and Hospitality Research |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=123–134 |doi=10.1177/1467358415610373 |s2cid=157784805}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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    <title>UMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (eNingizimu Afrika)</title>
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{| class=&quot;wikitable collapsible float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |UMnyango Wokuthuthukisa Kwezenhlalo
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Africa_(heraldic).svg|220px]]
|-
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |
Isifingqo ngomnyango
|-
|'''Ukusunglwa'''
|1937
|-
|'''Igunyandawo'''
|[[Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika]]
|-
|'''Ikomkhulu'''
|&lt;small&gt;ePitoli, esifundazweni saseGoli&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|'''UNgqongqoshe'''
|USisisi Tolashe
|-
|'''Iphini likaNgqongqoshe'''
|Ganief Hendricks
|-
|'''Isabelomali'''
|R234.972 billion
|-
|'''Izinhlaka ezingaphansi'''
|
*&lt;small&gt;'''SASSA'''&lt;/small&gt;
*&lt;small&gt;Uphiko lezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzu&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|'''Abasebenzi'''
|
|-
|'''Isizindalwebu'''
|www.dsd.gov.za
|}

'''UMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo''' (i-DSD) ungumnyango kahulumeni [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|waseNingizimu Afrika]] obhekele ukuhlinzeka intuthuko yezenhlalo, ukuvikeleka kanye nezinkonzo zezenhlalo. Ngaphambili wawubizwa ngokuthi uMnyango Wezenhlalakahle, waze waqanjwa kabusha ngo-July 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2002-10-13 |title=About the Department |url=http://www.socdev.gov.za/About/Department/about.htm |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021013184808/http://www.socdev.gov.za/About/Department/about.htm |archive-date=2002-10-13 |access-date=2017-05-07 |website=Department of Social Development}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UNgqongqoshe Wothuthukiswa Kwezenhlalo ophethe njengamanje nguDina Pule. Iphini lakhe uGanief Hendricks.

==Ukusungulwa ngokomthetho==
Umnyango wokuqala wasungulwa ngo-1937, ukuze ulawule futhi uxhase ngezinsizakalo ezikhona ezizimele, ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, ngenkathi unikeza ezinye izinsizakalo ezingeziwe. I-White Paper for Social Welfare yango-1997 yaphawula ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika yangemva kobandlululo izithole njengezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle &quot;ezazingathathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezenhlalakahle futhi zazingenazo izinsiza kusebenza&quot;.

UMnyango &quot;uzama ukudala impilo engcono yabantu abampofu, abasengozini futhi abakhishwe inyumbazana emphakathini&quot;. Unomsebenzi wokunciphisa ubuphofu, ukukhuthaza ukuhlangana komphakathi, nokwakha izimo zokuziphilisa okusimeme.NoLorna usebenza lapho. UMnyango uphinde wenze ucwaningo olwakha izinkomba zomphakathi ezidingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo kanye nokuphendula emphakathini.

== Isikhungo Sokuphepha Komphakathi saseNingizimu Afrika ==
I-South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) iyinkampani kazwelonke kahulumeni eyakhiwe ngo-Ephreli 2005 ngenhloso yokuhambisa izibonelelo zikahulumeni egameni loMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi. I-DSD inendima eyengamele i-Ejensi kodwa ayinamandla okuyilawula.Futhi yenzelwe ukufaka kabusha umsebenzi wezokuphepha komphakathi kusuka ezifundazweni zaseNingizimu Afrika kuya emkhakheni kazwelonke kahulumeni kanye nokubika eMnyangweni Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi (DSD). Isikhulu esiphezulu salo njengamanje ngu-Abraham Mahlungu.SASSA iyinhlangano yomphakathi ngokweSheduli 3A yoMthetho Wokuphathwa Kwezimali Zikahulumeni . 

Imisebenzi esemqoka yesikhungo sikahulumeni ihlobene nokuphathwa kanye nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni: ukucutshungulwa kwezicelo, ukuqinisekiswa nokuvunywa kwezicelo, ukukhokhelwa kanye nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo kubahlomuli abafanelekile, isiqiniseko sekhwalithi, kanye nokuvinjelwa nokutholwa kwenkohliso.

Abamukeli bezenhlalakahle baseNingizimu Afrika bakhule besuka ezigidini ezingama-3.8 ngo-Ephreli 2001 baya ezigidini eziyi-11 ngoMashi 2006, kanye nezigidi eziyi-17 ngo-2017.

Izigidi zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika zithole isibonelelo esikhethekile sesikhashana se-COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress kusukela ngoMeyi 2020 kuze kube ngu-Ephreli 2021. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.gov.za/covid-19/individuals-and-households/social-grants-coronavirus-covid-19#&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zezibonelelo ===
Usizo lwezenhlalakahle lunikezwa ngendlela:

* imali yesibonelelo sezingane;
* isibonelelo sabantu abadala (impesheni);
* isibonelelo sokukhubazeka;
* isibonelelo somakadebona empini;
* isibonelelo sokunakekelwa, sokunakekela ingane ekhubazeke kakhulu;
* isibonelelo sengane;
* ukunikela ngosizo, kulabo abadinga ukunakekelwa ngokugcwele; kanye / noma
* ukukhululeka kwezenhlalo kosizi, isilinganiso sesikhashana sabantu abaswele kakhulu, ngesimo samaphasela noma amavawusha. USteyn wathembisa u-R 320 000 000.00 ukusiza impumuzo ye-coronavirus.

Phambilini bonke ohulumeni bezifundazwe abayisishiyagalolunye (9) babebhekele ukuphathwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni, kepha lokhu kwadala izinselelo ezinkulu zokulethwa kwezenhlalakahle ikakhulukazi ukubambezeleka kokuvunywa nokukhokhwa kwezibonelelo, ukukhwabanisa okungenzeka nenkohlakalo ohlelweni, izindawo zokukhokhelwa ezingenabuntu nezinkulu kakhulu izindleko zokuphatha ekulethweni kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni.

Ngo-2015, ku-R155.3 billion owanikezwa inhlalakahle yomphakathi, u-R53.5 billion waya kwabahola impesheni; U-R47,8 billion wezixhaso zokuxhasa izingane; U-R20.2 billion kwizibonelelo zikahulumeni zokukhubazeka; kanye no-R8.5 billion wokuthola ezinye izibonelelo; nabasele baye ekuphathweni nasekuphathweni.

=== Ukusebenza ===
NgoJanuwari 2012, iCash Paymaster Services (CPS), engaphansi kweNet1 UEPS Technologies, yanikezwa ithenda leminyaka emihlanu, elingu-R10 billion lokusabalalisa izibonelelo zikahulumeni egameni leSASSA kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2012.Oncintisana naye, u-AllPay, uphonsele inselelo inqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla enkantolo; ngo-2014 iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yathola ukuthi izinqubo ezingahlelekile zazilandelwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho yamemezela ukuthi ithenda ayisebenzi, kodwa yamisa lo myalo ukuze ingaphazamisi ukukhokhelwa kwezibonelelo, futhi ivumele i-SASSA ithuba lokuqalisa inqubo entsha yamathenda.

Inyanga ngayinye, uMgcinimafa Kazwelonke ufaka inani eliphelele elizokhokhwa kwi-akhawunti ye-trust yeNedbank. Inzalo etholakele ngalesi sikhathi iya embusweni. Wonke ama-akhawunti omhlomulo agcinwe eGrindrod Bank.

Umamukeli wesibonelelo angakhipha isibonelelo sakhe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokukhokha yakwa-SASSA ezweni lonke, engenayo imali yokukhipha imali, nokuthi isikhulu sakwaNet1 uSerge Belamont sithi siphephe kakhudlwana ngenxa yokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwe-biometric kwizimpawu zeminwe; noma kubathengisi abaqokiwe abanjengoPick n Pay, osebenzisana ne-EasyPay, enye inkampani ephethwe abakwaNet1, ukuvumela lokhu kukhishwa kwemali; noma kuma-ATM.

IMoneyline, enye inkampani yakwaNet1, ihlinzeka ngemali mboleko ukuze inikeze abamukeli. Umoya Manje, nayo engenye inkampani yakwaNet1, ivumela abahlomula ngemali yesibonelelo ukuthi bathenge i-airtime yeselula ngesikweletu.

=== Inkinga yezibonelelo ===
NgoZibandlela wezi-2014, ithimba elibhekele ongqongqoshe laphetha ngokuthi iSASSA uqobo lwayo kumele ithathe izintambo ekukhokhelweni kwezibonelelo.Ngo-2015, i-SASSA yakhipha ithenda entsha kodwa ayizange yakhetha ukukhetha ukufakwa kwemali ekhokhelwa izibonelelo ngonyaka ka-2017.

Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2015/2016, i-SASSA ibhale izindleko ezingezekile, ezingajwayelekile kwinkontileka ye-CPS yokubhaliswa kabusha kwabahlomuli besibonelelo ngoba izidingo zomthetho beziphikisiwe.

UNgqongqoshe Wezezimali wangaleso sikhathi, uPravin Gordhan weluleka uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi uBathabile Dlamini ukuthi anikeze inkontileka entsha emabhange aseNingizimu Afrika ezentengiselwano kanye nasePosini laseNingizimu Afrika (i-SAPO),kanye nokuhlonza i-forego biometric, okuyisivumelwano esasidinga ukuthi abanye ababengenele amathenda baphikisane nabo. I-CPS. Kodwa-ke, lesi siphakamiso senqatshwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwebhayomethrikhi lwasusa izimangalo zomgunyathi ezibalelwa ku-R2 billion ngonyaka;ukuthi umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokususa okufakiwe okuyimpinda kungonga omunye u-R2 billion njalo ngonyaka; nokuthi iSAPO yayingenayo ilayisense yasebhange, noma amaposi anele okusabalalisa kahle izibonelelo.UDlamini uzwakalise isifiso sakhe sokuhlala ne-CPS kuze kube i-SASSA ikwazi ukuthatha izintambo, wathi lokhu kubeka engcupheni encane yokuthi i-SASSA yehluleke ukukhokha imali yesibonelelo.Uthe inqubo yokuhambisa izibonelelo nge-SASSA ibiqhubeka kahle, egcizelela ukuthi uMnyango usemaphakathi nohlelo lwezigaba ezine oluzophela ngo-2019 ngokunikezwa kwe-SASSA umthwalo wemfanelo.

UDlamini wathi ngo-2017 wayazi ngo-Okthoba 2016 kuphela ukuthi iSASSA kungenzeka ukuthi yehluleke ukuthatha izinkokhelo zezibonelelo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2017. 

I-SASSA ilinganisele ukuthi izokhokhela i-CPS imali elinganiselwa ku-R3.5 billion minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwenkontileka evuselelwe, phakathi kuka-52% no-59% ngaphezulu kunalokho ebikade ikwenza. I-SASSA yaphika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthi ikwenzile ukulinganisela okunjalo, yabe isithi lokho kwakuwukulungiswa okuhlobene nokwehla kwamandla emali okulula, okwakungelona iqiniso.

UDlamini wayelulekwe ngo-Okthoba 2016 ukuthi i-DSD yaphoqeleka ukuthi ibambe iqhaza kumathenda okuncintisana, ngakho-ke ayikwazanga ukusayina isivumelwano neCPS; waziswa ukuthi inkinga yenkxaso futhi ayisona isizathu sokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-CPS, ngoba isimo esiphuthumayo sase sizenzele sona; futhi wathola nombono wezomthetho ovela kummeli omkhulu uWim Trengove wokuthi inkontileka ye-CPS esekhona ayikwazi ukunwetshwa ngokomthetho kwazise iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ibisivele ingayisebenzisi ngokusemthethweni.

NgoDisemba 2016, i-SASSA yabuye yalulekwa ukuthi yazise iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ngobunzima bayo, &quot;ukuthi ibhekene nethemba elingajwayelekile lokungena enkontilekeni yomunye unyaka ne- [CPS]&quot;. I-Ejensi yalinda kwaze kwaba ngumhla zingama-28 kuNhlolanja wezi-2017 ukuze ifake isicelo, esivele yahoxa ngakusasa, isebenzisa incwadi eyayibhalwe ngayizolo.

NgoFebhuwari 2017, i-SASSA yatshela ikomidi lephalamende lezentuthuko yezenhlalakahle ePhalamende ukuthi laliqhamuka nemizamo yokuthola izixazululo zokusebenza zokukhokha izibonelelo zikahulumeni, lathi indlela kuphela yokwenza izinkokhelo zesibonelelo sikahulumeni kusuka ngo-Ephreli ukunamathela kumhlinzeki wesevisi onenkontileka yakhe kuthiwe ayisebenzi.

UZodwa Mvulane wakwa-SASSA utshele iPhalamende ekuqaleni kukaMashi 2017 ukuthi ubunzima bezomthetho obungaphezu kwamandla akhe buyeke i -Agency isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuqeda i-CPS, wathi &quot;banonyaka kuphela, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2015, wokulungiselela ukuba ngumphathi wenkokhelo&quot; . Kodwa-ke, i-SASSA yaqala ukulungiselela isisombululo se-post-CPS ngoDisemba, &quot;yenza okuncane noma ingenzi lutho kuze kube yileso sikhathi&quot;; ikomiti eliyeluleka ukuthi kuze kube yileso sikhathi belinganakwa iminyaka. Ngenkathi i-SASSA itshela iPhalamende ukuthi ayinasikhathi esanele, ibiphinde yafaka isicelo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ukuthi ngeke idinge i-CPS ngonyaka ngemuva konyaka wezimali ka-2017/2018 — ephikisana nencwadi eyathunyelwa nguDlamini, eyathunyelwa ngomhlaka 2 kuFebhuwari, ethi iCPS ayisadingeki ekupheleni kuka-2019, futhi enye incwadi yathunyelwa ngesonto kamuva yisikhulu esiphezulu se-SASSA uThokozani Magwaza, esathi inkontileka neCPS izosebenza kuze kube nguNovemba 2018 kuphela — zombili ezinde kunonyaka.

IBlack Sash Trust, ngokumelwa yiCentre for Applied Legal Studies, yethule isicelo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, sayicela ukuba iphoqe uDlamini noSASSA ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwezibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nabazuzi bayo bavikelekile lapho kuphela isivumelwano seCPS ngomhlaka 31 Mashi.Ngomhlaka 6 Mashi 2017, inkontileka neCash Paymaster Services yavuselelwa, futhi nomyalelo weNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo wokungasebenzi mayelana naleso sivumelwano waphinde wamiswa, wenzela omunye unyaka. INkantolo yabamba ukuthi alikho iqembu “elalinesicelo sokuthola inzuzo ngokuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abantu okusongelwayo” kodwa futhi yaqonda nokuthi iCPS kwakungeke kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe izibonelelo ngokulahlekelwa; ngakho-ke iyalele i-CPS ukuthi iqhubeke nokuletha izibonelelo zikahulumeni ngentengo efanayo eyayiyithole ngo-2012.

INkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ithole ukuthi &quot;abaphathi be-SASSA&quot; bebazi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2016 ukuthi abakwazanga ukuhambisana nesibopho sabo abasenze eNkantolo phambilini sokuthi bazokwazi ukukhokha izibonelelo zikahulumeni kusuka ngomhlaka 1 Ephreli 2017.INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ibambe uDlamini ngokuyinhloko ebhekene nale nkinga,noMphathi wamaJaji uMogoeng Mogoeng ethi ayikho incazelo ngokuntula ikhono okwenziwe nguye kanye ne-SASSA.Ngokusho kwesazi somthethosisekelo uPierre de Vos, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ibisiphethe ngokuthi iSASSA noDlamini bebengathenjwa ukuthi benze umsebenzi wabo ogunyazwe ngumthethosisekelo wokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni, futhi ngeke bathembeke ukuthi bangaqambi amanga ezinkantolo ngokuzayo.

Phakathi konyaka wezi-2013 kuya kowezi-2017, iDSD yachitha u-R30 million ezindlekweni zokudluliswa kwezomthetho okubandakanya i-SASSA.

=== Ukubanjwa okungagunyaziwe ===
Ngo-2004, i-DSD yachibiyela iSocial Assistance Act ukuze kungavunyelwa noma ngubani ngaphandle komhlomuli ukuthi adonse imali kwi-akhawunti yakhe. 

Kodwa-ke, izikhalazo eziyi-10,262 mayelana nokudonswa kwemali zenziwa phakathi kuka-Ephreli 2015 noMashi 2016, kanti i-DSD uqobo lwayo yathi &quot;kule minyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule&quot; ibilokhu ilwa nokuholelwa okungekho emthethweni kwezibonelelo zikahulumeni. Ukudonswa kwemali okungagunyaziwe kwafunwa yi-CPS ukukhokhela izimalimboleko zeMoneyline ezingekho, nokuthengiswa kwe-airtime nogesi.

NgoJuni 2016, i-SASSA, iBlack Sash, kanye ne-Association of Community Advice Office (ACAOSA) bavulela abaqondisi be-CPS ne-Grindrod Bank amacala obugebengu, bethi lezi zinkampani zombili zazingasebenzisi imithetho echitshiyelwe ngaphansi koMthetho Wokusiza Komphakathi, okuyizichibiyelo ziphoqe izinkampani ukuthi zingadonsi imali kuma-akhawunti wabazuzi besibonelelo sezenhlalakahle yezinsizakalo zezezimali.Amacala obugebengu amiswa kuze kube u-Okthoba, lapho abakwaNet1 babezocaciselwa yiNkantolo eNkulu ngemithetho.Esitatimendeni esifungelwe esifakwe eNkantolo eNkulu yaseNyakatho neGauteng, uBlack Sash ucele inkantolo ukuthi ivimbe ama-akhawunti esibonelelo sikahulumeni ukuze kuvikelwe abazuzi besibonelelo ekuxhashazweni noma ekuhlukunyezweni, nasekuvikeleni izinkampani ekufuneni abahlomulayo ezindaweni zokukhokha ze-SASSA—izinkambiso iBlack Sash neDSD abasola iNet1 nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo ngokuthi bayayikhuthaza. 

== ICentral Drug Authority ==
ICentral Drug Authority (CDA) yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1992, ngaphansi kwesigaba 2 se- Prevention and Treatment of the Drug Dependency Act . Imisebenzi yayo esemqoka ukwenza uhlelo lweNational Drug Master Plan; ukweluleka uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi ezindabeni ezithinta ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa; kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela eziphathelene nokuvinjelwa nokuncishiswa kwezidakamizwa.

== Ukugxekwa ==
Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle zabelwe u-10% wesabelomali soMnyango jikelele. Ngokusho komcwaningi uLisa Vetten, ukwenyuselwa amaholo kubasebenzi bakahulumeni boMnyango bekuhlale kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwehla kwamandla emali kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule; lokhu kwenyuka kunciphise isabelomali sokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, futhi kunciphise nokuxhaswa kwemali emkhakheni wezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (NGO). Uthi ukuxhaswa ngemali kudale uhlelo lokunakekelwa olunezinhlangothi ezimbili, lapho izinsizakalo zikahulumeni zinemithombo engcono kakhulu kunezinye zezinhlangano ezizimele. Okunye okwenza isimo sama-NGO sibe sibi ukukhokhelwa kwabo yimixhaso sekwedlule isikhathi.

== Imithombo ==
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Somizi Mhlongo</title>
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{{Infobox writer|name=Somizi Mhlongo|nationality=Wase[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika]]|image=Somizi_Mhlongo_2018.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|1972|12|23|df=y}}|occupation={{hlist|Umlingisi|[[Umdansi]]|Okhuluma kumabonakude|occasional singer}}|children=Oyedwa|relatives=[[Mary Twala]](Umama)
[[Ndaba Mhlongo]] (ubaba)}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
&lt;ref group=&quot;Added reference&quot;&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105316/fullcredits/?mode=desktop&amp;ref_=m_ft_dsk&lt;/ref&gt;'''USomizi Buyani Mhlongo''' (owazalwa ngomhlaka 23 kuZibandlela 1972) ungumlingisi [[AbAfrika baseningizimu|waseNingizimu Afrika]], ungumuntu wezokuxhumana futhi ungumdidiyeli womdanso.Ngo-1992, wabonakala kwifilimu yomculo nepolitiki, ''[[Sarafina! (ifilimu)|iSarafina!]]'' okwamzuzela ukuvelela.UMhlongo waba ngumdwebi ohola phambili wemibukiso nemicimbi eminingi, okubandakanya ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwemidlalo yeNdebe Yomhlaba ye-FIFA ka-2010 kanye neNdebe Yezizwe yase-Afrika ka-2013.
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1972]]
[[Category:Abalingisi labayizitabane]]

== Impilo Ekuqaleni ==

USomizi Buyani Mhlongo wazalwa ngomhlaka 23 ku Zibandlela ngonyaka ka 1972, [[Soweto|eSoweto]], ilokishi elikhulu kunawo wonke e[[IGoli (idolobha)|Goli]], uzalwa ngumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika uMary Twala nomlingisi nomdlali wamahlaya [[Ndaba Mhlongo|uNaba Mhlongo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Msiza |first=Temba |date=18 March 2018 |title=Somizi On His Parents' Love |url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/somizi-parents-love/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106032700/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/somizi-parents-love/ |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=30 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngethonya labazali bakhe, wahlangana nomkhakha wezokuzijabulisa esemncane. Wayenomfowabo oyedwa, umfowabo ogama lakhe lingu-Archie, owagwazwa wafa ngo-1985.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=TSHISALIVE |date=8 August 2017 |title='I could've warned him if I had spoken out' - Somizi on brother's death |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-08-08-i-couldve-warned-him-if-i-had-spoken-out-somizi-on-brothers-death/ |access-date=30 July 2023 |work=[[Times Live]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Imali</title>
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      <text bytes="12431" sha1="guf1et7rk3ke1qm3ax3s76w49j0w0sg" xml:space="preserve">[[File:ClientCardSample.png|right|thumb| Isithombe sesampula sekhadi le-ATM eliqanjiwe. Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yemali yomhlaba ikhona kuphela njengezinombolo zokubalwa kwemali ezidluliswa phakathi kwamakhompyutha wezezimali. Amakhadi epulasitiki ahlukahlukene namanye amadivayisi anika abathengi ngamunye amandla okudlulisela leyo mali ngekhompyutha baye noma babuyele kuma-akhawunti abo asebhange, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali.]]
[[File:National-Debt-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|174x174px| Ngo-1786 uJames Gillray caricature, izikhwama zemali eziningi ezanikezwa uKing George III zaqhathaniswa nesinxibi esanqunywa imilenze nezingalo, ekhoneni elingakwesobunxele]]
'''Imali''' iyiphi into noma irekhodi aqinisekiswe olwamukelwa njengoba ukukhokhelwa ngoba izimpahla namasevisi kanye ukubuyiswa kwemali of izikweletu, ezifana izintela, ezweni elithile noma izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho umongo.Imisebenzi esemqoka yemali ihlukaniswa njenge: indlela yokushintshanisa, iyunithi ye-akhawunti, isitolo senani futhi kwesinye isikhathi, izinga lokukhokha elihlehlisiwe .Noma iyiphi into noma irekhodi eliqinisekisiwe eligcwalisa le misebenzi lingathathwa njengemali.

== Izici ==
Ukufeza imisebenzi yayo ehlukahlukene, imali kufanele ibe nezakhiwo ezithile: 

* Ukubonakala : izingxenye zayo ngazinye kufanele zikwazi ukufaka ngokuvumelana (okungukuthi, ukushintshana).
* Ukuqina : uyakwazi ukumelana nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe.
* Ukuhlukaniswa: kuhlukaniswa ngamayunithi amancane.
* Ukuphatheka: kuthwalwa kalula futhi kuthuthwe.
* Ukwaziwa: inani layo kufanele likhonjwe kalula.
* Ukushoda: ukutholakala kwayo ekusakazeni kufanele kukhawulelwe.

== Ukunikezwa kwemali ==
[[File:MB,_M1_and_M2_aggregates_from_1981_to_2012.png|right|thumb| IMoney Base, iM1 neM2 eMelika kusuka ngo-1981 kuya ku-2012]]
[[File:RIAN_archive_978776_Printing_paper_money_at_Goznak_factory_in_Perm.jpg|right|thumb| Ukuphrinta imali yamaphepha kumshini wokunyathelisa ePerm]]
[[File:Pengar_-_2019.jpg|thumb| Umuntu ubala inqwaba yamaphepha emali [[ISwidi|aseSweden ahlukile.]]]]

=== Ukudalwa kwemali ===
Kuzinhlelo zamanje zezomnotho, imali idalwa ngezinqubo ezimbili:

'''Ithenda yezomthetho''', noma '''imali encane''' (M0) yimali eyenziwe yiCentral Bank ngokudweba izinhlamvu zemali nokuphrinta imali engamaphepha.

'''Imali yasebhange''', noma '''imali ebanzi''' (M1 / M2) yimali eyenziwe ngamabhange azimele ngokuqoshwa kwemali mboleko njengamadiphozi amaklayenti abolekayo, ngokuxhaswa okuyingxenye okukhonjiswe ''isilinganiso semali.''Njengamanje, imali yasebhange yenziwa njengemali ye-elektroniki.

Emazweni amaningi, iningi lemali lenziwa kakhulu njenge-M1 / M2 ngamabhange ezentengiselwano enza imalimboleko.Ngokuphikisana neminye imibono eyiphutha ethandwayo, amabhange awasebenzi nje njengabalamuli, abolekisa ngamadiphozithi awagcina kuwo, futhi awancikile emalini yasebhange emaphakathi (M0) ukwenza imali mboleko entsha kanye nemali efakwa. 

=== Ukuthengiswa kwemali emakethe ===
&quot;Ukuthengiswa kwemali emakethe&quot; kuchaza ukuthi into ingathengiswa kalula kanjani ngenye into, noma ibe yimali efanayo ngaphakathi komnotho.Imali iyimpahla ewuketshezi kakhulu ngoba yaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi yamukelwa njengemali ejwayelekile.Ngale ndlela, imali inika abathengi inkululeko yokuhweba izimpahla nezinsizakalo kalula ngaphandle kokuhwebelana.

Okokusebenza kwezezimali okungamanzi kuyathengiseka kalula futhi kunezindleko zokuthenga eziphansi.Akufanele kube khona ukusabalalisa (noma okuncane) phakathi kwamanani ukuthenga nokuthengisa ithuluzi elisetshenziswa njengemali.

== Izinhlobo ==

=== Impahla ===
[[File:1914_Sydney_Half_Sovereign_-_St._George.jpg|thumb| Umbusi wegolide waseBrithani u-1914]]

=== Ummeleli ===
Ngo-1875, isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani uWilliam Stanley Jevons wachaza imali eyayisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi njenge &quot; mali emele &quot;.Imali emele imali equkethe izinhlamvu zemali zamathokheni, imali yamaphepha noma amanye amathokheni aphathekayo njengezitifiketi, angashintshelwa ngokuthembekile ngenani elinqunyiwe lezimpahla ezifana negolide noma isiliva. Inani lemali emele limi maqondana ngqo futhi elingaguquki nempahla elisekelayo, kuyilapho lingelona uqobo lwalo lakhiwa leyo mpahla. 

=== Fiat ===
[[File:2006_AEGold_Proof_Rev.png|thumb| Izinhlamvu zemali zegolide ziyisibonelo sethenda elisemthethweni elithengiswa ngenani lalo elingaphakathi, kunokuba libe yinani lobuso balo.]]
Imali ye-Fiat noma imali ye-fiat yimali enenani elingasuselwa kunoma yiliphi inani elingaphakathi noma isiqinisekiso sokuthi lingaguqulwa libe impahla ebalulekile (njengegolide).Esikhundleni salokho, inenani kuphela nge-oda likahulumeni (fiat).Imvamisa, uhulumeni umemezela ukuthi imali ye-fiat (imanothi ejwayelekile kanye nezinhlamvu zemali ezivela ebhange elikhulu, njengeFederal Reserve System e-US) iyithenda elisemthethweni, okwenza kungabi semthethweni ukungayemukeli imali ye-fiat njengendlela yokukhokha zonke izikweletu, yomphakathi neyangasese. &lt;ref name=&quot;BlackHenry&quot;&gt;Black, Henry Campbell (1910). ''A Law Dictionary Containing Definitions Of The Terms And Phrases Of American And English Jurisprudence, Ancient And Modern'', p. 494. West Publishing Co. [[Black’s Law Dictionary]] defines the word &quot;fiat&quot; to mean &quot;a short order or warrant of a Judge or magistrate directing some act to be done; an authority issuing from some competent source for the doing of some legal act&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye izinhlamvu zemali ezifana ne- Australian Gold Nugget ne- American Eagle ziyithenda elisemthethweni, kepha, zidayisa ngokususelwa enanini lentengo lokuqukethwe kwensimbi njengempahla, kunenani lobuso bethenda elisemthethweni (okuvamise ukuba yingxenyana encane yabo inani le-bullion). &lt;ref name=&quot;usmint.gov&quot;&gt;[http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/american_eagles/index.cfm?flash=no&amp;action=American_Eagle_Gold usmiNT.gov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820232134/http://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/american_eagles/index.cfm?flash=no&amp;action=American_Eagle_Gold |date=2016-08-20 }}. Retrieved July-18-09.&lt;/ref&gt;

Imali ye-Fiat, uma imelwe ngokomzimba ngendlela yemali (iphepha noma izinhlamvu zemali), ingalimala ngephutha noma icekelwe phansi.Kodwa-ke, imali ye-fiat inenzuzo ngaphezu kwemali emele noma yempahla, ngoba leyo mithetho efanayo eyenze imali ingachaza nemithetho yokuyishintsha uma kwenzeka umonakalo noma umonakalo. Isibonelo, uhulumeni wase-US uzothatha isikhundla seFederal Reserve Notes (imali ye-US fiat) uma okungenani uhhafu wenothi ungakhiwa kabusha, noma uma kungafakazelwa ngenye indlela ukuthi ubhujisiwe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091018013943/http://www.bep.treas.gov/section.cfm/8/39 Shredded &amp; Mutilated: Mutilated Currency], ''Bureau of Engraving and Printing''. Retrieved 2007-05-09.&lt;/ref&gt;Ngokuphambene, imali yempahla elahlekile noma eyonakalisiwe ayinakutholwa.

=== Imali ehlwezi ===
Lezi zinto zaholela ekushintsheni kwesitolo senani kuyinsimbi uqobo lwayo: ekuqaleni isiliva, kwase kuthi kokubili isiliva negolide, futhi ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona nethusi.Manje sinezinhlamvu zemali zethusi nezinye izinsimbi ezingabalulekile njengezinhlamvu zemali. Izinsimbi zazigaywa, zilinganiswe, futhi zifakwe ezinhlamvwini zemali.Lokhu kwakungukuqinisekisa lowo owayethatha uhlamvu lwemali ukuthi wayethola isisindo esithile esaziwayo sensimbi eyigugu.Izinhlamvu zemali zingaba ngumkokotelo, kepha futhi zakha neyunithi entsha ye-akhawunti, esize yaholela ekubhangeni.Isisekelo sika-Archimedes sinikeze isixhumanisi esilandelayo: izinhlamvu zemali manje sezingavivinywa kalula ngesisindo sayo esihle sensimbi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inani lohlamvu lwemali lalinganqunywa, noma ngabe laliphuciwe, lonakalisiwe noma laphazanyiswa ngenye indlela (bheka iNumismatics ).

== Indawo ==
[[File:FIN-10m-1980-anv.jpg|thumb| Imali yasebhange yamaphepha ayi-10 yaseFinland kusuka ngo-1980. UMongameli uJK Paasikivi uboniswe encwadini yamaphepha.]]
Incazelo yemali ithi yimali kuphela &quot;ezweni elithile noma kumongo wezenhlalo nezomnotho&quot;.Ngokuvamile, imiphakathi isebenzisa kuphela isilinganiso esisodwa senani, esingakhonjwa kumanani ezimpahla ezifakwe kuhlu ezithengiswayo.Kungaba nemidiya eminingi yokushintshisana, engabonwa yilokho okunikezwayo ukuthenga izimpahla (&quot;indlela yokushintshanisa&quot;), njll. .Emazweni amaningi, uhulumeni uthatha isinyathelo sokukhuthaza izinhlobo ezithile zemali, njengokuyidinga intela nokujezisa ukukhwabanisa .

Ezinye izindawo zigcina ezimbili noma zezimali, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni asemngceleni noma ezindaweni ezihamba kakhulu.Izitolo ezikulezi zindawo zingahle zibhale izintengo futhi zamukele inkokhelo ngezimali eziningi.Ngaphandle kwalokho, imali yakwamanye amazwe iphathwa njengempahla yezezimali emakethe yendawo.Imali yakwamanye amazwe ivame ukuthengwa noma ukuthengiswa ezimakethe zokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ngabahambi nabahwebi.

Imiphakathi ingashintsha imali eyisebenzisayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukufaka imali esikhundleni.Lokhu kungenzeka ngenhloso, lapho uhulumeni ekhipha imali entsha. Isibonelo, lapho iBrazil isuka e- cruzeiro yaseBrazil iya kwangempela yaseBrazil

Kungenzeka futhi ngokuzenzekelayo, lapho abantu benqaba ukwamukela imali ehlangabezana ne- hyperinflation (noma ngabe ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhuthazwa uhulumeni).
[[Category:Izimali]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]

== Financial crimes ==

Imali mbumbulu yimali yokulingisa ekhiqizwa ngaphandle kwemvume esemthethweni wombuso noma uhulumeni. Ukukhiqiza noma ukusebenzisa imali mbumbulu wuhlobo lokukhwabanisa noma ukuqola. Ukuqola cishe kudala njengemali uqobo. Kuye kwatholakala amakhophi ama-plate aziwa ngokuthi ama-Fourrées ezinhlamvini zemali zaseLydia okucatshangwa ukuthi aphakathi kwezinhlamvu zemali zokuqala zasentshonalanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Case for the World's Oldest Coin|url=https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126034128/https://rg.ancients.info/lion/article.html|archive-date=26 January 2013|accessdate=29 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokomlando izinto okwakunzima ukuzenza (isib. amagobolondo, amatshe angavamile, izinsimbi eziyigugu) zazivame ukukhethwa njengemali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gourinchas |first=Pierre-Olivier |last2=Rey |first2=Hélène |last3=Sauzet |first3=Maxime |date=2019 |title=The International Monetary and Financial System |journal=Annual Review of Economics |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=859–893 |doi=10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053518 |issn=1941-1383 |s2cid=169545752 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphambi kokwethula imali yephepha, indlela evame kakhulu yokwenza amanga yayihlanganisa ukuxuba izinsimbi eziyisisekelo negolide noma isiliva elihlanzekile. Uhlobo lokwenza izinto mbumbulu ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha ngabenzi bezincwadi ezingokomthetho ngokusabela eziqondisweni zokukhwabanisa. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, anaNazi enza ama-pound aseBrithani nama-dollar aseMelika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Operation Bernhard|url=https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/museum/online-collections/blog/operation-bernhard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014205129/https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/museum/online-collections/blog/operation-bernhard|archive-date=2025-10-14|accessdate=2025-10-25|website=www.bankofengland.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Giesener|first=Jeffrey|date=2021-04-06|title=When Nazis Tried to Wreck U.S., British Economies {{!}} Jewish Website|url=https://jewishwebsite.com/featured/when-nazis-tried-to-wreck-u-s-british-economies/68675/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919052919/https://jewishwebsite.com/featured/when-nazis-tried-to-wreck-u-s-british-economies/68675/|archive-date=2021-09-19|accessdate=2025-10-25|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Namuhla amanye amaphepha omgunyathi amahle kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ''Ama-superdollars'' ngenxa yekhwalithi yawo ephakeme nokufana ne-dollar langempela lase-US. Kube nokwenziwa kwamaphepha nezinhlamvu zemali ze-[[Euro|I-Euro]] kusukela ekumisweni kwemali ngo-2002 kodwa ngaphansi kakhulu kwe-dollar lase-US.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-06-09|title=Counterfeiting statistics for several currencies|url=http://itsamoneything.com/money/counterfeiting-cash-money-infographic/#.VB71g5R_uJQ|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913043506/http://itsamoneything.com/money/counterfeiting-cash-money-infographic/#.VB73ZH3LfK5|archive-date=September 13, 2014|accessdate=2014-09-21|publisher=Itsamoneything.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ubuchwepheshe</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376927567|Technology]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ubuchwepheshe''' ukusetshenziswa kolwazi komqondo ukuze kufinyelelwe kimigomo esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ephindaphindiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Skolnikoff |first=Eugene B. |year=1993 |title=The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-08631-1 |page=13 |chapter=The Setting |jstor=j.ctt7rpm1 |quote=I find the most useful conceptual definition for this study to be that given by Harvey Brooks, who has defined technology{{nbsp}}...as 'knowledge of how to fulfill certain human purposes in a specifiable and reproducible way.'}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igama ''ubuchwepheshe'' lingasho futhi imikhiqizo ebangelwa imizamo enjalo, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo ephathekayo njengamathuluzi noma [[INguxa|imishini]], kanye naleyo engabonakali njenge-software.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvnb|Salomon|1984}}: &quot;The first pole, that of the naturalisation of a new discipline within the university curriculum, was presented by Christian Wolff in 1728, in Chapter III of the &quot;Preliminary discourse&quot; to his ''{{Lang|la|Philosophia rationalisis sive Logica}}'': &quot;Technology is the science of skills and works of skill, or, if one prefers, the science of things made by man's labour, chiefly through the use of his hands.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitcham |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Mitcham |year=1994 |title=Thinking Through Technology: The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-53196-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile kwezo so[[Inzululwazi|sayensi]], [[UmNgcikisho|ubunjiniyela]], nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The roles of science and technology in national development|url=https://directresearchpublisher.org/drjsses/files/2016/12/Anaeto-et-al1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320172737/https://directresearchpublisher.org/drjsses/files/2016/12/Anaeto-et-al1.pdf|archive-date=2023-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Technology and Innovation Report 2025: Inclusive artificial intelligence for development {{!}}|url=https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260706031807/https://unctad.org/publication/technology-and-innovation-report-2025|archive-date=2026-07-06|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iholele ezinguqukweni eziphawulekayo emphakathini. Ubuchwepheshe bokuqala obaziwayo Ithuluzi lamatshe, elalisetshenziswa ngezinkathi zangaphambi komlando, elandelwa ukulawulwa komlilo - okwenza ukuba [[Ubuchopho bomuntu]] bube nokuthuthukiswa [[Izilimi|ulimi]] ngesikhathi Inkathi Yeqhwa, ngokusho komqondo wokupheka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society. {{!}} Thiru Murugan|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thiru-murugan-1b362b31a_snsinstitutions-snsdesignthinkers-designthinking-activity-7239857452509278208-7b_e|accessdate=2025-06-30|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukusungulwa kwesondo ngeNkathi yeBronze kwavumela ukuhamba okukhulu kanye nokwakhiwa kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukusungulwa kwamuva kwezobuchwepheshe, kufaka phakathi umshini wokunyathelisa, ucingo, ne-[[Uxhakaxholo|Intanethi]], kuye kwehlisa izithiyo zokuxhumana futhi kwaletha umnotho wolwazi.

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umnotho futhi nokuthuthukisa ukuchuma kwabantu, bungaba nemiphumela emibi njengokungcola nokuphela kwemithombo, futhi kungabangela nokulimala komphakathi njengokuntuleka kwemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe okubangelwa imishini. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkulumo-mpikiswano zefilosofi nezombusazwe mayelana nendima nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, izimiso zobuchwepheshe, nezindlela zokunciphisa izinkinga zabo ziyaqhubeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Braunack-Mayer |first=A.J. |date=2012 |title=Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics |last2=Street |first2=J.M. |last3=Palmer |first3=N. |isbn=978-0-12-373932-2 |pages=321–327 |chapter=Technology, Ethics of |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.00027-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Bhelekazi2|Bhelekazi2]] ([[User talk:Bhelekazi2|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Weather Top Wizard|Weather Top Wizard]]</comment>
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'''Ubuchwepheshe''' buwukusetshenziswa [[ULwazi|kolwazi]] ukuze kufinyelelwe empokophelweni esebenzayo ngendlela ecaciswayo nekhiqizekayo. Igama elithi '''''ezobuchwepheshe''''' lona lisetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwa emikhiqizweni yobuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kwenziwa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, [[Ufundondalo|inzululwazi]], [[Izimboni|izimboni]], [[Ukuxhumana|ukuxhumana]], ezokuthutha, nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Ezobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa izinto eziphathwayo ezifana nezingcedi noma [[INguxa|izinguxa]] kanye namathuluzi angaphatheki afana [[Amahlelokusebenza|namahlelokusebenza]].

Izintuthukiso zobuchwepheshe eziningi ziye zaholela ezinguqukweni zomphakathi. Ezobuchwepheshe zasendulo ezaziwayo kwakuyithuluzi letshe, elalisetshenziswa enkathini yanguna, lilandelwe ukusetshenziswa komlilo, okwaba negalelo ekukhuleni kobuchopho bomuntu nasekuthuthukiseni ulimi enkathini yeqhwa. Ukuqanjwa [[Isondo|kwesondo]] enkathini yethusi kwenza kube lula ukuntinta kabanzi nokukhandwa [[INguxa|kwezinguxa]] eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwakamuva, kuhlanganisa isinyathelisi sokushicilela, ucingo, kanye [[Inthaneti|noxhakaxholo]] kudilize izithiyo zokuxhumana futhi kwangenisa umnotho wolwazi.

Nakuba Ubuchwepheshe bunamagalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho nasekuphuculeni ukuxhuma kwabantu, bubuye bube nemithelela engemihle efana nokungcolisa umoya nokugcugcisa izinsizakusebenza, noma bungaba isisusa sezinkinga emphakathini njengokungasebenzi kwabantu ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe eziwphumela wenhleleleko. Lokhu sekuphumele ekutheni kube nezpikiswano kwezenjulalwazi nakwezombusazwe ngokuphathelene neqhaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, imicondozo yobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokunqanda imijeyezo engavezwa yibo.

== uMsuka ==
Igama elithi &quot;Ubuchwepheshe&quot; lisuselwa egameni lesizulu eliyisenzukuthi elithi &quot;chwephe&quot; okuvela kuso isenzo esithi &quot;chwephesha&quot; esisho ukwenza izinto ngobunono nangekhono. Umsuka wabizo lesizulu cishe wafaka noMsuka webizo lwesingisi elithi ''Technology'' elivela kwelesiGriki elichazwa kanje: ''( Τεχνολογία, from τέχνη 'art, craft' and -λογία, 'study, knowledge')'' . Ubuchwepheshe buwulwazi lokuthi Izinto zenziwa kanjani.

Amanye amagama wesizulu ahumusha futhi ahambelane namanye wesingisi asuselwa yilawa:
* ''Technique'' - ubuchule
* ''Technical'' - ubunyoninco
Kodwa nawo angahunyishwa ngokuthi Ubuchwepheshe njengoba asho ukusebenzisa ikhono nobuhlakani bezinga eliphezulu.

[[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Intutho</title>
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      <text bytes="1973" sha1="lqi4lhs1zu7gclpla4d1hqrgssqice2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Manchester Transport Montage.jpg|thumb|right|Izindlela ezihlukene zentutho kusimondawo sabantu, zivezwe ngokuhlukana kwazo eNgilandi]]
'''Intutho''' noma '''Ezokuthutha''' ziwukuhanjiswa okuhlosiwe kwabantu, izilwane, kanye nezithutho ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye. Izindlela zokuthutha ezaziwayo zihlanganisa ukundiza, intutho yasezweni ujantshi nemigwaqo, intutho yasemanzini, intutho yendophi, amathumbu Kanye netutho yasemkhathini. Lo mkhakha ungahlukaniswa kathathu kube [[ingqalasizinda]], [[Isithuthi|izithuthi]] nemigidingo. Ezokuthutha zivumela abantu ukuba bahwebe, ukuyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwempucuzeko.

Izindlela zokuthutha yinoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuthutha ezisetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu noma imithwalo. Zingase zihlanganise [[Isithuthi|izithuthi]], izilwane ezigitshelwayo, kanye nezilwane ezithwalayo. Izithuthi zingase zihlanganisa izinqola, [[Imoto|izimoto]], amasondombili, amabhasi, izitimela, amaloli, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza zamanzi, imikhumbi-mkhathi [[Indiza|nezindiza]].

== Umlando ==
Ngo-1903 izelamani zakwaWright zabonisa indiza yokuqala elawulekayo ephumelelayo, futhi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918) indiza yaba indlela esheshayo yokuthutha abantu nokuhambisa izimpahla emabangeni amade.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=Martin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u86yjr-J-hAC|title=Working Oxen|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1999|isbn=9780747804154|series=Shire Album|volume=342|location=Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire|publication-date=1999|page=4|quote=[...] tamed aurochs became the first domestic oxen. The earliest evidence for domestication is found in the Middle East around ten thousand years ago.|access-date=2016-02-08}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945) izimoto nezindiza zathatha amasheya aphezulu ezokuthutha, zehlisa ujantshi namanzi kwaba yimpahla kanye nezinsiza zabagibeli abahamba isikhashana.

== Imithombo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130801</id>
      <parentid>130800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:00:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130801</origin>
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      <text bytes="1971" sha1="738nt96zcf5g7ho1vxg3xjowqmc73j3" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Manchester Transport Montage.jpg|thumb|right|Izindlela ezihlukene zentutho kusimondawo sabantu, zivezwe ngokuhlukana kwazo eNgilandi]]
'''Intutho''' noma '''Ezokuthutha''' ziwukuhanjiswa okuhlosiwe kwabantu, izilwane, kanye nempahla ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye. Izindlela zokuthutha ezaziwayo zihlanganisa ukundiza, intutho yasezweni ujantshi nemigwaqo, intutho yasemanzini, intutho yendophi, amathumbu Kanye netutho yasemkhathini. Lo mkhakha ungahlukaniswa kathathu kube [[ingqalasizinda]], [[Isithuthi|izithuthi]] nemigidingo. Ezokuthutha zivumela abantu ukuba bahwebe, ukuyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwempucuzeko.

Izindlela zokuthutha yinoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuthutha ezisetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu noma imithwalo. Zingase zihlanganise [[Isithuthi|izithuthi]], izilwane ezigitshelwayo, kanye nezilwane ezithwalayo. Izithuthi zingase zihlanganisa izinqola, [[Imoto|izimoto]], amasondombili, amabhasi, izitimela, amaloli, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza zamanzi, imikhumbi-mkhathi [[Indiza|nezindiza]].

== Umlando ==
Ngo-1903 izelamani zakwaWright zabonisa indiza yokuqala elawulekayo ephumelelayo, futhi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918) indiza yaba indlela esheshayo yokuthutha abantu nokuhambisa izimpahla emabangeni amade.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book|last1=Watts|first1=Martin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u86yjr-J-hAC|title=Working Oxen|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=1999|isbn=9780747804154|series=Shire Album|volume=342|location=Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire|publication-date=1999|page=4|quote=[...] tamed aurochs became the first domestic oxen. The earliest evidence for domestication is found in the Middle East around ten thousand years ago.|access-date=2016-02-08}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945) izimoto nezindiza zathatha amasheya aphezulu ezokuthutha, zehlisa ujantshi namanzi kwaba yimpahla kanye nezinsiza zabagibeli abahamba isikhashana.

== Imithombo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ILondosicikizi</title>
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      <text bytes="4605" sha1="duqin8zu725kdwpqts2vdsg8yzyhyow" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Computer_locked.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Nakuba izici eziningi zelondosicikizi zihlanganisa izinyathelo zezezibhangqiwe ezifana nemiphonsozwi kanye nokunyandla ngesigabuzuba, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingokoqobo ezinjengezingidi zensimbi zisasetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka okungagunyaziwe.]]

'''iLondosicikizi''', '''isilondosicikizi''' noma '''Isilondo Sobuchwepheshe Bokwaziswa''' singumkhakha ongaphansi oyingxenye yomkhakha [[UbuChwepheshe boKwaziswa|wobuChwepheshe Bokwaziswa]]. Sihlozinga ukulondeka [[IsiCikizi|kwezicikizi]], [[Uhlelomgidinga|amahlelomgidingo]] [[UXhoxho lwesiCikizi|namahleloxhumano]] ezinsongweni ezingaholela ekudalulweni okungagunyaziwe, ukwebiwa, noma ukulimala kwezigcoyi, amahlelokusebenza, noma [[IMininingo|imininingo]], kanye nokuthikamezeka noma ukunhlanhlatha kwezinkonzo ezihlinzekwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Schatz|first1=Daniel|last2=Bashroush|first2=Rabih|last3=Wall|first3=Julie|date=2017|title=Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security|url=https://commons.erau.edu/jdfsl/vol12/iss2/8/|journal=Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|issn=1558-7215}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lomkhakha ubalulekile ngenxa yokwanda kokwethembela ezinhlelweni zesicikizi, [[Uxhakaxholo|kuxhakaxholo]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Tate |first=Nick|date=7 May 2013 |title=Reliance spells end of road for ICT amateurs |newspaper=The Australian |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/reliance-spells-end-of-road-for-ict-amateurs/news-story/6f84ad403b8721100f5957a472a945eb |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; nezinhlelo [[Uxhoxho olungenantambo|zohleloxhumani oluswelintambo]] ezifana ne-Bluetooth Kanye ne-Wi-fi. Futhi, ngenxa yokwanda kwezilekeleli ezintwesi, ezihlanganisa [[UMabonakude|omabonakude]], [[UMakhalipha|nomakhalipha]], kanye nezilekeleli ezakha [[uXhakaxholo lwezinto]]. Ilondosicikizi lungenye lwezinselele ezinkulu zanamuhla, ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo zokwaziswa kanye nemiphakathi eziyisekayo. Ukulondeka kubaluleke kakhulu ezimisweni ezilawula izinhlelo ezinkulu ezinemithelela engokoqobo ethinta okuningi, kuhlanganisa ukwabiwa kwamandla wamazuba, ukuphepha kokhetho, nezezimali.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kianpour |first1=Mazaher |last2=Kowalski |first2=Stewart |last3=Øverby |first3=Harald |date=2021 |title=Systematically Understanding Cybersecurity Economics: A Survey |journal=Sustainability |volume=13 |issue=24 |page=13677 |doi=10.3390/su132413677 |doi-access=free|hdl=11250/2978306 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Stevens |first1=Tim |date=11 June 2018 |title=Global Cybersecurity: New Directions in Theory and Methods |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/97261726/PaG_6_2_Global_Cybersecurity_New_Directions_in_Theory_and_Methods.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904151257/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/97261726/PaG_6_2_Global_Cybersecurity_New_Directions_in_Theory_and_Methods.pdf |archive-date=2019-09-04 |url-status=live |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.17645/pag.v6i2.1569 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ukuhlabeka nokuhlaselwa==

Ukuhlabeka kuwubuthakathaka obusemklamweni, ekugunundweni, emigidingweni, noma ekulawulweni ngaphakathi kwesicikizi. Iningi lokuhlabeka oluvubukuliwe lubhaliwe kwisizindamininingo sokuhlabeka iCVE ''(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the CVE Program |url=https://www.cve.org/About/Overview |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=www.cve.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuhlabeka ''okuxaphazekayo'' yilokho okunohlaselo olusebenzayo noluxaphazayo olwaziwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | last=Zlatanov | first=Nikola |title=Computer Security and Mobile Security Challenges |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298807979 |conference=Tech Security Conference At: San Francisco, CA  |date=3 December 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuhlabeka kungacwaningwa, kungcikishwe kushendele, kuzingelwe, noma kuxhashazwe ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezihlelelekiwe noma iziqakaqo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ghidra |url=https://www.nsa.gov/resources/everyone/ghidra/ |url-status=dead |access-date=17 August 2020 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815201448/https://www.nsa.gov/resources/everyone/ghidra/ | website=nsa.gov | date=1 August 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Larabel |first=Michael |date=2017-12-28 |title=Syzbot: Google Continuously Fuzzing The Linux Kernel |url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Syzbot-Linux-Kernel-Fuzzing/ |access-date=2021-03-25 |website=www.phoronix.com/ |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Imithombo==</text>
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'''umqayiba''' uhlobo lwenyama eyomisiwe, elashwe emoyeni eyavela ENingizimu Afrika. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenyama zisetshenziselwa ukuyikhiqiza, kusukela enyameni yenkomo kuya enyameni yezilwane njenge Galikuni noma Mpunzi. Ukusika nakho kungahlukahluka, kungaba yizingcezu zenyama ezincane ezikhishwe zibe izingcezu ezilandela izinhlamvu zemisipha, noma izingcezu eziyisicaba ezikhishwe ezinhlamvwini. Ihlobene ne-beef jerky, njengoba zombili zinongo, inyama eyomisiwe; nokho, izithako ezijwayelekile, ukunambitheka, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zingahluka. I-biltong iyomiswa emoyeni, okuyinikeza ukwakheka nokunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, kuyilapho i-jerky ishiswa okungenani ku-{{Convert|71|C}}  .</text>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher=Routledge|date=20 September 2006|author=Eric Partridge|title=Origins: An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xA9dxrhfa5kC|access-date=2008-09-24|isbn=978-0-203-42114-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[File:BiltongStokkies.jpg|right|thumb|Izingcezwana ze-biltong zenyama yenkomo zasekhaya]]
'''Umqwayiba''' uhlobo lwenyama eyomisiwe, eyavela emazweni aseNingizimu ne-Afrika ([[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|iNingizimu Afrika]], [[iZimbabwe]], [[iMalawi]], [[IButswana|iBotswana]], [[OSotho|iLesotho]], i[[Eswatini|iSwatini]], neZambia). Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenyama zisetshenziselwa ukuyikhiqiza, kusukela enyameni yenkomo kuya enyameni yezilwane njengentshe noma inyamazane. Ukuyisika kungahlukahluka futhi kube yimidweshu yenyama emncane ekhishwe yaba  yimidweshu elandela ukuma kwemisipha, noma imidweshu eyizicaba ezikhishwe zalandela imisipha. Ihlobene nejekhi yenkomo; zombili ziyanongwa, ziyinyama eyomisiwe; nokho izithako ezijwayelekile, ukunambitheka, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zingahluka.{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}
[[Category:Umlando waseNingizimu Afrika]]</text>
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IsiZulu ngolunye lwezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi KwaZulu Natali. Ucwaningo lufakazela ukuthi ukwazi ukuxhumana kuyinto ebalulekile ikakhulukazi uma kuza kwezohwebo. Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika wenze wanxenxa zonke izikole ezazingama-Model C ukuthi zethule izilimi zomdabu zaseNingizimu Afrika ezikoleni zazo, kuye ngolimi lwendabuko olukhulunywa kakhulu kuleso sifundazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, esifundazweni saKwaZulu Natli ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu isiZulu. Elinye lamasu athakasela [[umbhali]] ukufundiswa kolimi lwesiZulu kusetshenziswa izingxoxo.</text>
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;UPDATED DETAILED PROFILE - KWAZI UMBHALO*

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Real Name:* Kwazi Manqele

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Artist Name:* Kwazi Umbhalo

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Home:* Nkweme Village, kwaNongoma - Deep Rural Zululand, KZN

Kwazi Umbhalo is a poet, leader, and cultural ambassador born and raised in the deep rural heart of *Nkweme Village, Nongoma, KwaZulu-Natal*. His art is shaped by the soil, stories, and strong oral traditions of Zululand.

From a young age, leadership lived in him. While at *Nsimbini Secondary School*, he was elected *School President 2 times* - a rare achievement that showed his gift for speaking, leading and inspiring others long before the poetry stages.

He is now an IT student at DUT, but his heart remains in poetry and heritage preservation.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Radio Presence - 5 Stations:*

His voice and poetry have traveled far beyond Nongoma, featured on:

1. *Nongoma FM*

2. *Abaqulusi FM*

3. *Midlands 104 FM* (Pietermaritzburg)

4. *Alex FM* (Johannesburg) - Heritage Day Live

5. *Ukhozi FM* (SABC National)

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Poetry Journey:*

- Member: *Ubuciko Bomlomo Ngamagama - DUT Poetry Club*

- Member: *Sawubona Poetry Community*

- *2-time National Poetry Award Winner*

- *Best Poet of the Year Winner - Indlela Pinnacle Awards 2026 (2,589 Votes)*

- Founder of a prestigious event that hosted international artists

- Performances: *Iziko Museum (Cape Town), Maboneng (JHB), Student Diversity Festival Durban (8 Oct - Upcoming)*

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;What Makes Him Different:*

He is not a city poet writing about the village - he IS the village writing to the city. He carries Nkweme in every line. Powerful, humble, rooted and thought-provoking.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Brand:* Kwazi Umbhalo Creative Agency 🪶

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;TikTok:* Kwazi Umbhalo

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Motto:* _From Nsimbini School President to National Award Winner - UmbhaloUsaqhubeka_</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gqom</title>
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      <comment>ngilungise i grammar</comment>
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      <text bytes="20384" sha1="pbq6xfa791mzhkymsme10p1fwn4webz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gqom in isibheqe script.png|thumb|Elithi Gqom ngesibheqe sohlamvu]]
'''IGqom''' (igqomu, gqom tech, sghubu noma 3-Step) iyinhloko yamagqom emculweni we-elektronikhi kanye nesigaba se-house music esetshenziswa esikhathini sesibili kusukela ngonyaka we-2010 [[eThekwini]], [[eNingizimu Afrika]]. Lapho kube ngabaculi abazinikele kakhulu kulo mculo banamathalente njengama Naked Boyz, Sbucardo, DJ Lag, Rudeboyz, Nasty Boyz, Griffit Vigo, [[Distruction Boyz]], Menzi Shabane, noCitizen Boy. Lo mculo uthatha indlela yomculo we-kwaito, isigaba se-house esikhathini sesibili eNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/22/gqom-house-dance-bhenga-julz-da-deejay&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jan/22/gqom-house-dance-bhenga-julz-da-deejay&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-the-gqom-whisperer-comes-home/&lt;/ref&gt;

Njengamanje igqomu lingabonakala njengesisekelo esisodwa kwezomculo we-elektronikhi eNingizimu Afrika, okuyinto iyatholakala ngomsindo omncane, ongafinyelela kwe-bass okuningi kanye nokuphatha okuthile, futhi ezivamile ngaphandle kwe-pattern ye-four-on-the-floor.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/feb/27/township-tech-south-africans-raving-at-apartheids-afterparty&lt;/ref&gt;

Abahlaziyi bomculo abaphawula ngokuthi abazama ukunikeza uhlonishwa komhlaba wonke kwalesi sifo bayahlukanisa abafana nomculi we-rap waseNingizimu Afrika njengu-Okmalumkoolkat, okwaba yimongameli we-label yohambo ye-Italy i-Gqom Oh, Nane Kole no Lerato Phiri okuyisigaba ekhaya nabanye abantu abahlukene eNingizimu Afrika. Kukhona nomunye ongamanqamuza wokukhanya umculo okanye ukubeka indlela yokuzizwa kwabantu, uCherish Lala Mankai, owaziwa njengowenza izinto ezinjengomculi noqeqeshi we-music ye-[[DJ Tira]], u[[Babes Wodumo]], uMampintsha,uDlala Thukzin, kanye no [[Busiswa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;https://taz.de/Gqom-Musik-aus-Suedafrika/!5293795/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;https://djmag.com/features/these-are-most-exciting-gqom-producers-right-now&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/rip-mampintsha-eff-hails-big-nuz-star-as-innovator-07e98078-b9a3-4098-a638-719071744883 RIP Mampintsha: EFF hails Big Nuz star as innovator]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Example.ogg]]

== Igama nezici ==
[[File:Zulumusiciansc.1900.jpg|alt=Zulu musicians, 1900.|thumb|257x257px|[[Musician|Abaculi]] baseZulu ngo-1900]]
Isigaba esithi gqom, okuyinto lisuselwa ekuboniseni konkamisa be-click ngolimi lwesiZulu, okusho ukuthi kunezibukhali ezinzima kusigubhu. Futhi, uthiwa njenge-GQOM (isitayela), gqom tech, qgom, igqom, noma gqomu, okuyinto i-sinyathelo 3 step ekuboniseni uhlobo lwe-rhythmic patterns noma izinhlobo zayo. Kulolu hlobo, &quot;sghubu&quot; kungabonakala njengoba kuhunyushwa okuqondile kusuka olimini lwesiZulu kusigubhu, kanye nokuthi yigama lendawo lapho isigubhu sinamathuba okwenza khona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://www.complex.com/music/a/james-keith/premiere-emo-kid-asbambeki-interview&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;https://www.factmag.com/2016/01/05/gqom-feature/&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zulutromm.jpg|alt=(Pictured) traditional, Zulu drummer.|left|thumb|263x263px| Umshayi wesigubhu, ifinyelela yesiko lamaZulu.]]
I-Gqom itholakala ngokwesibukhali sakho sokuncoma kwemibheshu emncane, okuyinto ingaphindelekile kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlolwa kwe-bass kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-techno. Kuhlanganiswa okuyinhloko njengomsindo omnyama onemitha okulutha. Lapho kusho ukuthi isitayela sokushaya asisebenzisi indlela ye-four-on-the-floor rhythm pattern evamile kwenye umculo wesendlini. Izihloko ezivamile ze-lyric zihlanganisa Ukuphila kwasebusuku. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa umusho omusha noma imigqa embalwa embalwa engomeni. I-Gqom yasungulwa isizukulwane esisha samadJ anezikhono ezihlanganisa ukwakhiwa okuthunyelwe kanye nesofthiwe efana ne-FL Studio, futhi ngokuvamile esisakaza umculo wabo kuma-platforms okuhlanganyela amafayela.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/feb/27/township-tech-south-africans-raving-at-apartheids-afterparty&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-06-27-meet-the-unsung-heroes-behind-gqom-music-rudeboyz/&lt;/ref&gt;

I-gqom ikhishwe ngokuthi &quot;3 Step&quot; Ngo-2016, u-Iglam u-Sbucardo wathola ulwazi oluthile mayelana ne-Igwam okuyinto izigqi ezintathu kanye ne-Igom eyodwa, okuyinto iqhathaniswa ngokuphathelene njenge-3 Step.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; I-Gqom kanye nabakhiqizi be-afro-tech kanye nabadlali base-DJ bavame ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinto (i-gqom ne-afro'tech) njengengxenye. Izithombe ezitholakala zingaba yi-I-Culoe De Song ka-2018, &quot;''Poki Returns''&quot; kanye ne-u&quot;''Nika Nika''&quot; ka-UDlala Thukzin (i-remix magical) esitholakala ku-2020 ku-''Permanent Music'', EP. Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala izinto ngokusebenzisa i-&quot;''Phuze&quot;'' (remix) ezifanele izigaba ze-I-Mapura, u-Zaba, uSir Trill, kanye noRascoe Kaos, ngokuhlanganisa izinto zegqom ne-i-amapiano, bathi babe yingoma eyodwa.&lt;ref&gt;https://djmag.com/longreads/selections-griffit-vigo&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/music/amapiano-playlist-dlala-thukzin-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-madumane-dbn-gogo-listen-watch/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://scrolla.africa/dlala-thukzins-magic-handz/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209155856/https://scrolla.africa/dlala-thukzins-magic-handz/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Gqom ihlanganisa ubuhle bonke abeke isigqi, ngokwengxenye, njengokushintshana phakathi kwezinyathelo ezintathu noma ezimbili.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Umlando ==
I-Gqom yayivela ekuqaleni kwawo-2010. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathonya ngalesi sikhathi aqala ukucaphuna izenzo ezinjenge-Naked Boyz, abakwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi bakhuluma ngeqophelo lethu &quot;''IIthoyizi''&quot; elafumana isayinwe ku-compilation yakwaDJ Cndo ethi &quot;i-Afrotainment,&quot; kanye nabakhiqizi bomculo njengeBlaq Soul kanye neCuloe De Song abaqondisa ithribali house, okukhombisa ukwakhiwa kwe-beat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimbumbulu zaseDurban, i-gqom yasekuqaleni kanye nendlu yesizwe yayishintshana kuma-DJ sets, njengama-music ezifana nomculo wasePitoli nase-[[Eastern Cape]], abakhiqizi bebhala imisebenzi yabo njengaweDJ Spoko, Machance, DJ Mujava, DJ Mthura, kanye ne-sgxumseni (njengeDJ Clock kanye neDJ Gukwa), baphinde bahlukene phakathi nalesi sikhathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;978-1-928337-78-2&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Stress_Giver_taxi.jpg|alt=(Pictured) A common sight in South Africa is the customized and enhanced subwoofer-equipped mini van taxi, frequently blasting gqom at high volumes with amplified bass speakers.|thumb|193x193px|Umphumela oqinile ku-Ningizimu Afrika kukhona emashoneni e-mini van taxi abeze i-subwoofer ngamathoyitha kuyi-''Toyota Quantum'' (efakwe endaweni njengombombo), esiza ekugcineni ukusiza kuhlanganise izithuthi ezinkulu zezibambiso.]]
Kusukela emuva kwama-2010, lolu hlobo lwezomculo luphumelele kwezwe lonke, kusukela kwezwe lase[[London]]. I-Gqom ithatha indima yayo esizungezela izinhlelo zebhizinisi zemiteksi nezinye izindawo zemisebenzi, isiko elizwa ngokuthi &quot;ukuqhuma kwe-gqom (''gqom explosion'')&quot; olubizwa kakhulu ngu-INazoke. Kufakwe abantu abavuma eThekwini, kodwa kusukela khona amadolobha nama-dolobhana aseKwaZulu-Natal ayabamba ukufaka into enhleko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== I-Gqom Ehlukile ==
Ngo-2017, i-rapper wezomculo we-elektronikhi u-Okmalumkoolkat wathatha inhloso yokuthi &quot;Gqi&quot; kanye no-Amadando, okwabe ethunyelwe yi-Rudeboyz (abamelene ne-Menchess, i-Massive Q, kanye no-Andile).&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Ngo-2018, i-Rudeboyz yayitshele uBuhle Mbonambi, owayengumhleli we-IOL, ukuthi ngamazinye amahora bahlanganisa i-gqom nezinye izinhlobo zezomculo njenge-hip hop ne-pop.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/lifestyle/spotlight-this-is-just-the-beginning-the-gqom-evolution-hasnt-even-begun-13706295&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-2019, i-albhamu ka-DJ Tira, &quot;''I-kheni''&quot;, yayihlanganisa uhlanganiselo lwamakhulu ezinhle, njengoba i-gqom, i-maskandi, i-gospel, i-amapiano, i-trap, ne-hip hop. I-albhamu yayiveza izivakashi eziningana ezibabonisa u-Chymamusique, u-Duncan, u-Skye Wanda, u-Dlala Mshunqisi, u-Kwesta, u-Hlengiwe Mhlaba, kanye no-Tipcee.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.okayafrica.com/dj-tira-ikhenani-album-listen/&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-2021, uDlala Thukzin wathola uhlelo lwakhe lwokubhala i-&quot;''Phuze''&quot; (remix), okuhlanganisa izici zegqom ne-amapiano kwizinto ezinhlekelele.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/music/amapiano-playlist-dlala-thukzin-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-madumane-dbn-gogo-listen-watch/&lt;/ref&gt;

Umculi we-R&amp;B, i-pop, ne-amapiano uTyla wakhishwa i-DJ Lag kanye noKooldrink ekwakheni i-ngoma, &quot;''Overdue''&quot;. Le ngoma ihlanganisa izici zegqom ne-popiano.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/tyla-water-rb-hip-hop-rookie-of-the-month-october-1235449715/&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-2022, i-albhamu ye-Igqom ye-Natal Piano Movement, i-''Legendary Edition'' yayihlanganisa izinzuzo zezigqom, i-Deep House, kanye ne-Amapiano.&lt;ref&gt;https://djmag.com/features/these-are-most-exciting-amapiano-producers-right-now&lt;/ref&gt;

I-albhamu ye-Phases ka-Moonchild Sanelly ihlanganisa umculo we-rap waseDurban, kanye no-uBlxckie okwabe ekhombisa ukuvuseleka kwesivakashi komculo we-kwaito. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-gqom ne-amapiano ihlanganiswa nangezinzuzo ze-hip hop, jazz, pop, R&amp;B, kanye ne-trap.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jun/12/moonchild-sanelly-phases-review-on-track-for-global-adulation&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://mixmag.net/feature/moonchild-sanelly-phases-interview-cover-feature&lt;/ref&gt;

UDlala Thukzin kanye nomkhiqizi we-house kanye ne-record label ye-amapiano, uDJ Kabza De Small, babambisana ekwakhiweni kwe-single ethi &quot;Magical Ideas&quot; okwaba ngaphakathi ku-Thukzin's, Permanent Music 3, EP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gagasiworld.co.za/dlala-thukzin-releases-his-permanent-ep/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2024-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514133111/https://gagasiworld.co.za/dlala-thukzin-releases-his-permanent-ep/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-United Kingdom ===
Ngoqiniso, i-Kode9 (uSteve Goodman), ongumqeqeshi ye-elektronikhi, uhamba phambili ekuboniseni isithakazelo esiphakeme kwi-label ye-music ye-gqom, i-Hyperdub. Amalebula aseBrithani afana no-Gqom Oh!, i-Hyperdub, kanye no-Goon Club All Stars, bahlanganisa amarekhodi a-Durban gqom namaqembu abo bamehlo ezikhathini eziningi, njengamaqembu we-Mafia Boyz, i-Dominowe, i-Cruel Boyz, uJulz Da Deejay, i-Formation Boyz, DJ Mabheko, i-Untichicks, i-TLC Fam, i-Unticipated Soundz, i-Emo Kid, kanye no-Okzharp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathrekhi ase-Gqom ayatholakala kwi-EP ''Touch'' KG &amp; i-Scratcha DVA, kanye no- &amp; Baga Man ka-Scratchclart. U-Scratcha DVA wathola ukuthi i-UK Gqom iyinqayizivele ye-gqom, ikwazile ukuthonya isiko salamaqembu aseBrithani, ikakhulukazi isicelo sezimandi wase-UK. Umfanekiso we-UK Gqom ungubani kaKG &amp; Scratchclart i-''The I-Classix''. Ngo-2023, uScratcha wathola ikhono ekubambeni kanye noMenzi Shabane we-Igom, kwafika ekwenzeni nephayona. U-DJ Lag wakhuluma naye nomkhiqizi we-grime record waseBrithani futhi no-MC, u-Novelist, kusuka kuboniswa kwesihloko esithi &quot;I-''Bulldozer''&quot;. Le ngoma yayatholakala eLondon futhi yabonisa amagama, &quot;Big Novelist comes like a bulldozer. Kodwa ngenza isitha sivumelane ukuthi sekuphelile. Angikaze sibe ngumshoshaphansi, ngisosha langempela&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nts.live/shows/remote-utopias/episodes/gqom-oh-3rd-may-2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://exclaim.ca/music/article/dj_lag_and_okzharp-steam_rooms_ep&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://pan-african-music.com/en/scratchclart-gqom-vs-grime/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://trace.tv/music/dj-lag-novelist-collaborate-blazing-new-single-bulldozer/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513174056/https://trace.tv/music/dj-lag-novelist-collaborate-blazing-new-single-bulldozer/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IJapane ===
eJapane, isigcawu se-gqom selwela ekushintsheni kwawo, ngesikhathi esikhulayo, ngokucacile ku-DJ nomkhiqizi uKΣITO, owaziwa ngokuthi waphuma kwesigcawu footwork saseJapane. Isithakazelo se-KΣITO ku-gqom siyaphila maphakathi nawo-2010. Ngo-2016, wabeka i-EP eyayihlanganisa i-gqom i-U''Hatagaya''. Izinhlelo eziningi zegqom zaseKΣITO, njengaye I-''Jakuzure Butoh'', zathola ukukhula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240501184531/https://blaqlyte.com/2022/11/28/keito-tokyo-gorge-gqom-sea-cucumber/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240108112037/https://mixmag.net/feature/japanese-japan-djs-dance-music-you-need-to-know&lt;/ref&gt;

I-KΣITO ihamba phambili ngemuva kwebusuku be-TYO GQOM eTokyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabambisana ne-USI KUVO isekeli lesigaba semikhumbi, ehamba ngokuthuthukiswa kwesigcawu se-gqom eJapane, futhi wabeka izimisekelo ezingaphakeme zokulungisa izinto kwamanye amaqembu abo kwi-gqom eDurban njengeLoktion Boyz. Abanye abakhiqizi baseJapane njenge-Indus Bonze, bahlanganisa izitayela somculo wesigcawu ne-''gorge'', futhi babe ngumculo waseJapane osiza ekulungiseni kwezinto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== IFrance ===
I[[France]], iqembu le-Gqommunion liqalile ngo-2017 nguSebastien Forrester no-Amzo, owayesaziwa njengoba yi-Gqom Oh!, irekhodi eyinqopha-mlando. Ngo-2019, uSebastien Forrester wabonisa i-EP ye-Iggom inspired, i-''Salvo'', ehlanganisa ne-coupé-décalé, izigqi.&lt;ref&gt;https://couvrexchefs.com/sebastien-forrester-gqom-salvo/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== INingizimu Korea ===
Ngo-2018, iqembu labafana i-BTS liqalela i-&quot;''Idol''&quot; kwi-albhamu yabo ''Love Yourself: Answer''. I-Gqom yayilula futhi yayihlanganisa izakhi zesigqi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu lihlonishwa ngokwemvelo, futhi liyathuthukisa inguqulo eyisisekelo yengoma, enomculi we-rap waseTrinidad-American, uNicki Minaj, ngokudlulisela kwe-digital kuphela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/bts-idol-video-watch-8472006/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMexico ===
Ngo-2021, i-albhamu yomculo waseMexico i-OMAAR, i-''Drum Temple'' yaphefumulelwa yi- gqom phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-UK funky. I-single, &quot;''Drum Dance''&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/omaar-drum-temple/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== INigeria ===
Ngo-2018, i-Citizen Boy, umdabu waseDurban futhi iphayona lomculo we-gqom, yayihlangana nomculi waseNigeria uDapo Tuburna ukukhiqiza ingoma ethi &quot;I-Alala&quot;. Le ngoma yayihlanganisa ku-B-Side, kwi-EP ye-Citizen Boy enesihloko esithi, ''Gqom Feve''r. &quot;I-''Alala''&quot; kwakuyinhlanganisela ye-gqom ne-afrobeats. Umlobi wezingoma nomculi, uYemi Alade, wavela ngo- &quot;''My Power''&quot; ngo-2019. Ngo-2022, i-MOVES Recordings yabonisa iqoqo layo lesibili, elinesihloko esithi ''Cruise'', eliqokomisa umsindo waseNigeria, okubonisa ukukhululeka kwe-gqom, i-techno, i-amapiano, i-afrobeats, isampula lomlingisi waseNollywood kanye noMvangeli we-TV-tele kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Iqoqo layo lihlanganisa i-DJ Stainless, i-DG Elede, i-J YK, i-RJ West, i-Fela 2 kanye noDJ OP Dot. Ngo-2020, &quot;''Zazu Beat''&quot; kaDJ Yk Mule nePortable Zazu's, yakhululwa. Ngo-2022, &quot;''UZazoo Zehh''&quot; kaPoco Lee, Portable, kanye nomculi we-rap uOlamide babaqala ukuvela ku-I-Billboard Global 200.&lt;ref&gt;https://notjustok.com/songs/citizen-boy-alala-ft-dapo-tuburna-gqom-fever/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.factmag.com/2019/07/18/beyonce-dj-lag-lion-king/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://djmag.com/news/moves-recordings-releases-second-compilation-spotlighting-nigerian-freebeat-sound-listen&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://notjustok.com/news/zazoo-zehh-debuts-on-billboard-charts/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Uganda ===
e-[[IYuganda|Uganda]], i-Nyege Nyege's record label Nyege Tapes, yayidlala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amarekhodi ye-Iggom kanye nokwenza amaphayona e-Igom, abakhiqizi be-Iggum kanye nabaculi abanjengoMenzi Shabane, i-Phelimuncasi (owabakhelwa uMalathon kanye nabaculi abangamawele uMakan Nana noKhera), i-Uganda DJ Scoturn, i-DJ Ndakx kanye ne-DJ Nhlekzin.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/24944/1/what-the-foq-is-gqom&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://djmag.com/news/nyege-nyege-tapes-announces-new-album-durban-gqom-group-phelimuncasi&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-United States ===
Ngo-2018, uBabes Wodumo wayehlola kwi-albhamu yaseMarvel Comics, i-''Black Panther: Soundtrack album'' eyayinhlanganisela uKendrick Lamar, lapho eqoqelela indlela yakhe ethakazelisa indlela yevokali yegqom kwi-hhovisi &quot;''Redemption''&quot;. Futhi, Wodumo walahlanganyela neqembu le-elektronikhi lelamelika leMajor Lazer kwi- &quot;''Orkant/Balance Pon It''&quot; futhi wabonisa izicathulo zegqom ekhasini lokumdlavula olwenziwe yimi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220819113958/https://ewn.co.za/2018/02/01/babes-wodumo-sjava-featured-on-black-panther-soundtrack-album&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/stacey-norman/watch-babes-wodumo-features-in-hot-new-major-lazer-music-video/&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-2018, uNicki Minaj wasebenzisana ne-BTS ku- &quot;Idol&quot;. Ngo-2019, umculi we-rap waseMelika uTierra Whack kanye nomkhiqizi we-rekhodi kanye nomlobi wezingoma UNija Charles bavela ku-UBeyoncé's &quot;''My Power''&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.factmag.com/2019/07/18/beyonce-dj-lag-lion-king/&lt;/ref&gt;I&lt;ref&gt;https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/rain-on-me-nija-charles-in-demand-interview-9404760/&lt;/ref&gt;-albhamu ye-Beyoncé, ye-Renaissance studio ka-2022, yahlanganisa i-glam phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/jul/29/beyonce-renaissance-review-joyous-soundtrack-to-a-hot-girl-summer&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-2024, uFranchise wakhipha, &quot;''Satisfaction''&quot;. {{Citation needed}}

=== I-Indonesia ===
Ngo-2024, i-IBandung DJ kanye nomkhiqizi womculo u-REYY bakhipha ingoma enesihloko esithi, &quot;''ITokyo Gqom''&quot;, i-remix ye-single kaTeriyaki Boyz ka-2006, &quot;''Tokyo Drift (Fast &amp; Furious)'' &quot;.  {{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Ukudansa ==
I-Gqom yehlotshaniswa nezinqubo eziningi zokudansa ezahlukene, ekuyenzela kufakwe phakathi i-gwara, i-vosho ne-bhenga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://theplugmag.com/the-indelible-rise-of-gqom/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |archive-date=2019-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809112759/https://theplugmag.com/the-indelible-rise-of-gqom/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''IGwara gwara'' ===
I-IGwara gwara iyenzwa ngokugingqa nokushaya ingalo nendololwane ngokwenza isiyingi, futhi omunye wemilenze uhamba ngokuhambisana nesigqi sengalo. Kubonakala sengathi iyafana ne-i-''stanky legg''. UGwara gwara waduma nge-DJ Bongz IGwara gwara Afrika kanye nomculi uBabes Wodumo. Isinyathelo sokudansa sasungulwa ngumdlali we-disc kanye nomkhiqizi uDJ Bongz, salingiswa kakhulu abantu baseNingizimu Afrika nabanye abantu base-Afrika ikakhulukazi phakathi no-2016. Iphinde yathola ukuthandwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke njengoba i-choreography yamukelwa abaculi abavelele: U[[Rihanna]] wenza isinyathelo sokudansa ngenkathi edlala i-&quot;''Wild Thoughts''&quot; kuma-60th Annual Grammy Awards ngo-2018. UChildish Gambino wenza umdanso ku-video yengoma yakhe ethi &quot;''This Is America''&quot;. I-BTS yenza umdanso emdlalweni wengoma yabo ethi &quot;''Idol''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-01-01-show-dem-4-times-the-gwara-gwara-dominated-the-world-stage/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/38824/1/rihanna-gwara-gwara-dance-grammys-wild-thoughts&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Izihlanganisi ezingaphandle ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TaFtLHkbxE I-Future Sound of Mzansi] (Ingxenye 1), ibhayisikobho ye-documentary ka-2014 kaSpoek Mathambo noLebogang Rasethaba eveza i- gqom.
* Isizukulwane se-Gqom saseDurban, eNingizimu Afrika (isiqephu se-podcast se-Afop Worldwide, 19 July 2018) 
* Umculo we-[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswhwp I-Gqom]: Ukusakazeka kusuka eThekwini kuya emhlabeni wonke (Imizuzu emihlanu) (Wokuqala wasakazwa ngo-22 November 2018 ku-BBC World Service - Global Beats) **Bheka i-Gqom ukuze uthole i-podcast ephelele (imizuzu engu-53) 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbEP3KolrcE I-Versace Men's Spring-Summer 2019 Collection Show,Gqom esetshenziswa njengomculo we-runway] - (Versace, 2018) 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXFkjMNXfpY I-BTS: I-IDOL ye-Tonight Show Starring UJimmy Fallon] - (The Tonight Show Storring Jimmy Fallón, BTS, Jimmy Fallon, 2021) 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vrUaphIe88 I-Surf Sangoma (i-trailer esemthethweni) - I-Gqom soundtrack] (I-Disney+ , Kizazi Moto: I-Generation Fire, 2023) ''Kizazi Moto: Isizukulwane Somlilo, 2023) ''</text>
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'''umbhede''' yimpahla yasendlini esetshenziswa njengendawo yokulala, yokuphumula, nokuzithokozisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bed|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/BEd|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527033637/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/bed|archive-date=27 May 2019|accessdate=16 May 2012|publisher=The Free Dictionary By Farlex}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bed|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327200514/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bed|archive-date=27 March 2019|accessdate=16 May 2012|publisher=Merriam-Webster}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iningi lemibhede yesimanje liqukethe umatilasi othambile, ogxilile phezu kohlaka lombhede. Umatilasi uhlala phezu kwesisekelo esiqinile, ngokuvamile amapulangu okhuni, noma isisekelweni esikhanyayo. Imibhede eminingi ihlanganisa isisekelo se-box spring-internal-sprung, okuyibhokisi elikhulu elilingana nomatilasi eliqukethe ukhuni kanye ne-spring enikeza ukusekela okwengeziwe nokulengisa komatilasi. Imibhede iyatholakala ngobukhulu obuningi, kusukela kuma-bassinets nama-cridges anobukhulu bezinsana, kuya emibhedeni emincane yomuntu oyedwa, kuya emibedeni emikhulu yezindlovukazi nemibhede enobukhulu benkosi eyenzelwe abantu ababili. Ngenkathi imibhede eminingi ingamatisi owodwa ku-frame engaguquki, kunezinye izinhlobo, njengombhede we-murphy, ogobeka odongeni; umbhede wesofeni, ogobisa isofeni; umbhedze we-trundle, ogcinwe ngaphansi kombhede ophansi, onobukhulu obubili futhi ongadonswa ukuze wakhe indawo yokulala enkulu noma yesibili; kanye nombhede we-bunk, onikeza amathi amabili kanye nesitebhisi sokufinyelela esigabeni esiphezulu. Imibhede yesikhashana ihlanganisa Umatilasi womoya ophephetha umoya kanye nomati wekamu ogobekayo. Eminye imibhede ayinawo umatilasi owenziwe nge-gadded noma uhlaka lombhede, njenge-hammock. Eminye imibhede yenzelwe ngokukhethekile izilwane.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thembi Seete</title>
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        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
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UThembi Seete (owazalwa mhla zingama- 25 Ndasa  ngonyaka wezi-1977) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umculi, umuntu we-multimedia nomkhangisi. Waziwa kakhulu njengelunga leqembu langaphambili lama-Kwaito i-Boom Shaka. Udlale indima ka &quot;Gladys&quot; kuyi-Mzansi Magic telenovela i-''[[Gomora|IGomora]]''. kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngonyaka wezi-2020 kuya ekugcineni kwayo ngonyaka wezi-2023.
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1977]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

== Impilo Ekuqaleni ==

USeete wazalwa ngomhlaka 25 March 1977 eSoweto, eGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika. Uyise wakhe  washona ngonyaka ka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thembi Seete's touching tribute to her dad|url=https://www.news24.com/Channel/thembi-seetes-touching-tribute-to-her-dad-20150330|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=Channel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakhulela [[Sebokeng|eSebokeng]] eVaal nomamekazi wakhe nomalume wakhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Thembi Seete: Bio|url=https://studentroom.co.za/wiki/thembi-seete/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=2021-2022 Wiki|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unina uRebecca Seete wabulawa isimila ebuchosheni ngoJulayi 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thembi Seete on mom's passing: 'My heart is shattered'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/thembi-seete-on-moms-passing-my-heart-is-shattered-4759ad7b-c383-4212-b736-ee7d04c456dd|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-27|title=Thembi Seete comforted after 'shattering' loss of her mother|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2598988/thembi-seete-mourns-loss-of-her-mother/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kekana|first=Chrizelda|title=Actress Thembi Seete opens up about losing her mother to a brain tumour|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-08-22-actress-thembi-seete-opens-up-about-losing-her-mother-to-a-brain-tumour/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>GRAMMAR</comment>
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UThembi Seete owazalwa ngo mhlaka 25 Ndasa  ngonyaka ka-1977 ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umculi, umuntu we-multimedia nomkhangisi. Waziwa kakhulu njengelunga leqembu langaphambili le-Kwaito i-Boom Shaka. Udlale indima ka &quot;Gladys&quot; ku-Mzansi Magic telenovela i-''[[Gomora]]''. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngonyaka wezi-2020 kuya ekugcineni kwayo ngonyaka wezi-2023.
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1977]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

== Impilo Ekuqaleni ==

USeete wazalwa ngomhlaka 25 March 1977 eSoweto, eGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika. Uyise wakhe  washona ngonyaka ka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thembi Seete's touching tribute to her dad|url=https://www.news24.com/Channel/thembi-seetes-touching-tribute-to-her-dad-20150330|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=Channel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wakhulela [[Sebokeng|eSebokeng]] eVaal nomamekazi wakhe nomalume wakhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-19|title=Thembi Seete: Bio|url=https://studentroom.co.za/wiki/thembi-seete/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=2021-2022 Wiki|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unina uRebecca Seete wabulawa isimila ebuchosheni ngoJulayi 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thembi Seete on mom's passing: 'My heart is shattered'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/thembi-seete-on-moms-passing-my-heart-is-shattered-4759ad7b-c383-4212-b736-ee7d04c456dd|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-27|title=Thembi Seete comforted after 'shattering' loss of her mother|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2598988/thembi-seete-mourns-loss-of-her-mother/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=The Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kekana|first=Chrizelda|title=Actress Thembi Seete opens up about losing her mother to a brain tumour|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-08-22-actress-thembi-seete-opens-up-about-losing-her-mother-to-a-brain-tumour/|accessdate=2021-10-29|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>IPhumezi</title>
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        <username>Ntombizimbili</username>
        <id>25451</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376890199|Apple]]&quot;</comment>
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'''i-apula''' [[Isithelo|yisithelo]] esiyindilinga, nesidliwayo sesihlahla sama-apula (''IMalus'' spp.). Izihlahla zezithelo zasensimini noma i-apula lasekhaya('''''I-Malus domestica'''''), elitshalwa kakhulu kulo lonke uhlobo, zitshalwa emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sihlahla sadabuka e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho okhokho baso basendle, ''I-Malus sieversii'', isatholakala khona. Ama-apula alinywe izinkulungwane zeminyaka e-Eurasia ngaphambi kokuba alethe ezwenikazi laseMelika ngabantu  baseYurophu. Ama-apula anokubaluleka ngokwamasiko ezinganekwaneni eziningi (kuhlanganise namaNorse namaGrikhi) nasezinkolweni (njengobuKristu eYurophu).</text>
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        <id>16873</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Ntombizimbili|Ntombizimbili]] ([[User talk:Ntombizimbili|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="5436" sha1="060r6yfawh5j388rfygxhbc3h53umkv" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Malus Lobo 4397.jpg|alt=Isithombe se-Aphula|thumb|Isithombe sama-Aphula]]
[[File:01 - A red apple with heart-shaped patch on a plate.jpg|thumb|Inhliziyo eluhlaza ku-apula elibomvu]]
'''IPhumezi''' (noma '''I-aphula''') [[Izithelo|yisithelo]] esiyindilinga, esidliwayo esikhiqizwa isihlahla samaphumezi ([[:en:Malus|i-Malus spp]]., phakathi kwazo iphumezi lasekhaya noma lesihlahla sesithelo; i-Malus domestica). [[Umuthi|Izihlahla]] zamaphumezi zitshalwa emhlabeni wonke futhi ziyizinhlobo ezitshalwa kakhulu zohlobo lwe - Malus. Lo muthi wavela e-Asia Ephakathi, lapho kusatholakala khona ukhokho wawo wasendle, iMalus sieversii. Amaphumezi abelokhu etshalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka e-Eurasia futhi afakwa eNyakatho Melika ngabaqoneli baseYurophu. Amaphumezi anencazelo engokwenkolo nezinganekwane emasikweni amaningi, kuhlanganise namasiko amaNorse, amaGreki namaKristu aseYurophu.

Amaphumezi akhuliswa ngembewu ngokuvamile ahluke kakhulu kulawo angawomzali wawo, futhi isithelo esivelayo ngokuvamile asibi nazo izici ezifiselekayo. Ngezinhloso zokuhweba, kuhlanganise nokuhlola izitshalo, izinhlobo zamaphumezi zanda ngokufakelwa kwe-clonal emithonjeni. Izihlahla zamaphumezi ezikhule ngaphandle kwezimpande zivame ukuba zinkulu futhi zithela kancane ngemva kokutshala. Izimpande zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ijubane lokukhula nobukhulu besihlahla esivelayo, okuvumela ukuvunwa okulula.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-7 500 zamaphmezi. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zifuyelwa ukunambitheka nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokupheka, ukudla okuluhlaza, nokukhiqiza i-cider noma ijusi lephumezi. Izihlahla nezithelo zithambekele ezinkingeni zokhunta, zamagciwane, nezilokazane, ezingalawulwa ngezindlela eziningana eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ngo-2010, i-genome yesithelo yalandelwa njengengxenye yocwaningo lokulawulwa kwezifo nokuzalanisa okukhethiwe ekukhiqizeni amaphumezi.

== Ingcaziso ==

Umuthi wephumezi awukhithiki, futhi ungamamitha mane ukuphakama lapho utshaliwe, okuwenza ube muncane kunalowo okhula endle.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofGeorgia&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FNA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Dickson |first=Elizabeth E. |title=''Malus domestica'' |url=http://floranorthamerica.org/Malus_domestica |website=[[Flora of North America]] |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=28 May 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728060606/http://floranorthamerica.org/Malus_domestica |archive-date=28 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapho utshaliwe, ubungako, ubumo nesilithe samaqabunga kunqunywa izimpande ngendlela othenwa ngayo. Imitho yamaphumezi ivame ukuba nomqhele ondingilizi noqombothile nesikhuphelo samaqabunga esithe khuhle. Amagxolo awo avame ukuba mpunga noma ngwevu samnunwe, Kodwa amagatsha amancane wona aba mtshezi noma abe nsundu futhi Abe buthelezi. 
amahlumela amancane avame ukumbozwa iziboya ezincinyane, lapho ekhula ziyasuka zonke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Heil et al.&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Heil |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=O'Kane, Jr. |first2=Steve L. |last3=Reeves |first3=Linda Mary |last4=Clifford |first4=Arnold |date=2013 |title=Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003888887/page/n926 |edition=First |location=St. Louis, Missouri |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |page=909 |isbn=978-1-930723-84-9  |oclc=859541992 |access-date=27 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed&gt;
File:Apple Blossom @ Manali.jpg|thumb|ukuqhakaza kwephumezi
File:Koeh-108.jpg|thumb|Umfanekiso womchazasimila
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Isithelo ===

[[Isithelo]] siyi- esivuthwa ekupheleni kwehlobo noma Ikwindla. Izithelo zangempela ziyizingosi esiqinile ezingaphakathi emnyombweni wephumezi ezibizwa ama-carpel. Kunama-carpel amahlanu phakathi kwephumezi, kodwa ayavela namathathu. Ingozi ngayinye iqukethe izimbewu ezinmbile noma eyodwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Juniper |first1=Barrie E. |last2=Mabberley |first2=David J. |author1-link=Barrie Juniper |author2-link=David Mabberley |date=2006 |title=The Story of the Apple |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofapple0000juni |url-access=registration |edition=First |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |page=27 |isbn=978-0-88192-784-9 |lccn=2006011869 |oclc=67383484 |access-date=1 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingxenye edliwayo yakhiwa isamukezo sembali.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fruit glossary |url=https://schoolgardening.rhs.org.uk/Resources/Info-Sheet/Fruit-Glossary |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=7 August 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807071550/https://schoolgardening.rhs.org.uk/Resources/Info-Sheet/Fruit-Glossary |archive-date=7 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=packed&gt;
File:Apple anatomy, flower and fruit compared.svg|300px|Indlela isithelo sephumezi esivela ngayo embalini
&lt;/gallery&gt;

Izimbewu zimise okweqanda noma iganandoda futhi ziba nombala osuka konsundu kuya kosamunwe, futhi zivame ukuba nesidli noma zibe buthuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Burford |first1=Tom |author1-link=Tom Burford |date=2013 |title=Apples of North America: 192 Exceptional Varieties for Gardeners, Growers and Cooks |url=https://archive.org/details/applesofnorthame0000burf |url-access=limited |language=en |edition=First |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=[[Timber Press]] |pages=22, 50, 55, 122, 123, 137, 141, 147, 159, 245, 246 |isbn=978-1-60469-249-5 |lccn=2012045130 |oclc=819860825}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lana Del Rey</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Nonhlemagagula</username>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''U-Elizabeth Woolridge Grant''' (owazalwa ngoJuni 21, 1985), owaziwa ngokuthi '''ULana Del Rey''', ungumculi nomlobi wezingoma waseMelika. Ungumuntu ovele futhi onethonya emculweni we-alternative pop, izingoma zakhe zaziwa ngokuhlola ngendlela enomuzwa wokudabuka izindikimba zothando nobukhazikhazi, kanye nokusebenzisa njalo izinkomba zesiko la-pop kanye ne-Amalicana yeminyaka yawo-1950 kuya kweyawo-1970.

UDel Rey wakhulela enyakatho yeNew York State, wabe esethuthela eManhattan ngo-2005 ukuze aqhubeke nomsebemzi womculo. Ngemuva kokusayina izivumelano  ne-Polydor kanye ne-Interscope, wakhipha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ngaphansi kwenkampani enkulu yokuqopha, iBorn to Die (2012), le albhamu yamuzuzisa abalandeli abaningi abazinikele futhi yayiqukethe izingoma ezaduma kakhulu ku-inthanethi, ezithi “Video Games” kanye ne-“Summertime Sadness”&lt;ref name=&quot;stranger2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author-last1=Harris|author-first1=Paul|date=January 21, 2012|title=Lana Del Rey: The strange story of the star who rewrote her past|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jan/21/lana-del-rey-pop|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626140818/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/jan/21/lana-del-rey-pop|archive-date=June 26, 2016|work=The Guardian|access-date=July 30, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Le albhamu yafinyelela endaweni yokuqala emashadini amaningi omculo emhlabeni wonke futhi iphethe irekhodi lokuba yi-albhamu yomculi wesifazane ehlale isikhathi eside kakhulu ku-US Billboard 200 emlandweni.

Uhlelo olunwetshiwe lwe-Born to Die lwaluhlanganisa izingoma ezasetshenziswa kamuva efilimini emfishane yomculo kaDel Rey,eyathola ukunconya ngabagxeki ethi Tripico(2013). UDel Rey waphinde wahamba phambili ku-Billboard 200 kabili ngama-albhamu akhe Ultraviolence (2014) kanye Lust for Life (2017).Ukusebenzisana kwakhe nomdidiyeli wezomculo uJack Antonoff kwamuholela ekukhishweni kwama-albhamu athi Norman Fucking Rockwell! (2019),  i-Rolling Stone eyafaka phakathi kwa-albhamu amakhulu kunawo wonke enziwa, Chemtrails Over the Country Club (2021), kanye Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023). Chemtrails Over the Country Club (2021), ne-Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd (2023). le eyokugcina, ethi &quot;A&amp;W&quot;, yabalwa phakathi kwezingoma ezimangalisayo yazozonke izikhathi yi-Rolling Stone.


[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1985]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Fongcwele</title>
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      <comment>/* Review needed */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="5343" sha1="bk5c7duetejzutyttc71g23a6rmojor" xml:space="preserve">== Sawubona Fanyane ==

{{Ibhokisi_lomsebenzisi}} &lt;pre&gt;{{Ibhokisi_lomsebenzisi}} &lt;/pre&gt;
Howzit. Here is the userbadge that I created (and the syntax to create the badge). Am also liking your page. Cool. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 07:17, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)

:Morning mfowethu.
:This will come in handy. Ngiyabonga.
:Are you going to attend the meetup this saturday? Im thinking of coming to see how things are done, i want to host a mini meetup in Joburg South. attending the 21 February event might help with inspiration.  [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 07:37, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]I'll see you there! Mini meetup is also a great idea. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 08:59, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::I will come and learn, and go and implement what i learned. easy [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:29, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::Another troubling issue, is that of admins from Poland blocking our new users on isizulu wikipedia, they dont offer solutions, or warnings, they just block IP adresses, even i as a trainer i dont know the reasons, becoz they are not offered. 
::::This is makes people to be unmotivated, some one even suggested that its racist, or worse, its a weapon against our languages wikis. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:33, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::I'm glad you brought this up. I'm seeing a bit of poor behaviour by certain people. I experience it myself too. I  think that we do need to discuss this and find ways in which to support each other and challenge this bad behaviour. Mofokeng always takes screenshots. That's how he collects evidence. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 09:38, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::Met with the Wikimedia people today. They told me about a cool easter egg activity. Its going live next week and vernacular versions are encouraged to join in. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_25/Easter_egg_experiments/Collaboration_process [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 13:47, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::Howzit. Missed you at the meetup!  [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 19:56, 22 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] i wanted to come. but it's very far. and I didn't have transport. will connect online next time. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 21:29, 22 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Maybe we can do a deep south meetup [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 06:49, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] yeah, I think the chapter is only focused on two meetups. that's needs to change. 
::::::::are you also going to the TUT SWiP workshop this week? [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 06:56, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::Absolutely. I brought up the idea of a Durban Meetip and the board said No.  Am going to be at TUT on Wednesday, Thursday and half of Friday. See you there? [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 07:00, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Do users need permission from the board to meet up?
::::::::::I wont be there, but i know colleagues who will be there, working towards creating TUT IsiZulu User Club. I don't think we need permission from the board to create the clubs, obviously they will say NO. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 07:41, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Howzit. So pleased to connect with User:Sandlane today. He's doing some training the trainer at the TUT workshop.  [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 08:46, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] yes, I know him, we are establishing a language based user group with him and others. IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 08:53, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Awesome [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 09:23, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)

== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission &quot;sysop&quot; (Administrators) will expire on 2026-07-30 11:16:33. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. &lt;i&gt;In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]&lt;/i&gt; [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:41, 23 uNtulikazi 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;

== Review needed ==
Hi. Could you please review and move [[Help:CS1 errors]] to a more appropriate title (or delete it if there's nothing useful)? Additionally, its author [[Special:Contribs/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] seems to need some help as well, as they used ContentTranslation to republish several existing articles. Thanks in advance. [[User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh]] ([[User talk:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|talk]]) 16:49, 30 uMandulo 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bk5c7duetejzutyttc71g23a6rmojor</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130563</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:56:05Z</timestamp>
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        <id>16873</id>
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      <comment>/* Review needed */ Reply</comment>
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      <text bytes="5708" sha1="eijdotdvyzvqfqds772i19ln5yt63iu" xml:space="preserve">== Sawubona Fanyane ==

{{Ibhokisi_lomsebenzisi}} &lt;pre&gt;{{Ibhokisi_lomsebenzisi}} &lt;/pre&gt;
Howzit. Here is the userbadge that I created (and the syntax to create the badge). Am also liking your page. Cool. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 07:17, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)

:Morning mfowethu.
:This will come in handy. Ngiyabonga.
:Are you going to attend the meetup this saturday? Im thinking of coming to see how things are done, i want to host a mini meetup in Joburg South. attending the 21 February event might help with inspiration.  [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 07:37, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]I'll see you there! Mini meetup is also a great idea. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 08:59, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::I will come and learn, and go and implement what i learned. easy [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:29, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::Another troubling issue, is that of admins from Poland blocking our new users on isizulu wikipedia, they dont offer solutions, or warnings, they just block IP adresses, even i as a trainer i dont know the reasons, becoz they are not offered. 
::::This is makes people to be unmotivated, some one even suggested that its racist, or worse, its a weapon against our languages wikis. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 09:33, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::I'm glad you brought this up. I'm seeing a bit of poor behaviour by certain people. I experience it myself too. I  think that we do need to discuss this and find ways in which to support each other and challenge this bad behaviour. Mofokeng always takes screenshots. That's how he collects evidence. [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 09:38, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::Met with the Wikimedia people today. They told me about a cool easter egg activity. Its going live next week and vernacular versions are encouraged to join in. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_25/Easter_egg_experiments/Collaboration_process [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 13:47, 17 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::Howzit. Missed you at the meetup!  [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 19:56, 22 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] i wanted to come. but it's very far. and I didn't have transport. will connect online next time. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 21:29, 22 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Maybe we can do a deep south meetup [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 06:49, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] yeah, I think the chapter is only focused on two meetups. that's needs to change. 
::::::::are you also going to the TUT SWiP workshop this week? [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 06:56, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::Absolutely. I brought up the idea of a Durban Meetip and the board said No.  Am going to be at TUT on Wednesday, Thursday and half of Friday. See you there? [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 07:00, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Do users need permission from the board to meet up?
::::::::::I wont be there, but i know colleagues who will be there, working towards creating TUT IsiZulu User Club. I don't think we need permission from the board to create the clubs, obviously they will say NO. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 07:41, 23 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Howzit. So pleased to connect with User:Sandlane today. He's doing some training the trainer at the TUT workshop.  [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 08:46, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::@[[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] yes, I know him, we are establishing a language based user group with him and others. IsiZulu Wikimedia User Group. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 08:53, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Awesome [[User:Derek J Moore|Derek J Moore]] ([[User talk:Derek J Moore|talk]]) 09:23, 25 uNhlolanja 2026 (UTC)

== Notice of expiration of your sysop right ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission &quot;sysop&quot; (Administrators) will expire on 2026-07-30 11:16:33. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. &lt;i&gt;In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]&lt;/i&gt; [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:41, 23 uNtulikazi 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;

== Review needed ==
Hi. Could you please review and move [[Help:CS1 errors]] to a more appropriate title (or delete it if there's nothing useful)? Additionally, its author [[Special:Contribs/Sphelele sizwe Mbatha|Sphelele sizwe Mbatha]] seems to need some help as well, as they used ContentTranslation to republish several existing articles. Thanks in advance. [[User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh]] ([[User talk:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|talk]]) 16:49, 30 uMandulo 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh|NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh]] I have sent him a message to warn the user about his behaviour. Thank you for notifying me. I will keep watch of his  movements on the site. If he continues to vandalise article, blocking him will be the only option. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 17:56, 30 uMandulo 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Ngikhande u draft 5</comment>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] /Draft 5/</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]]</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]]</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]]</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 8|Draft 8]]</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 9|Draft 9]]</text>
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    <revision>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 9|Draft 9]] Draft 10</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 10|Draft 10]]</text>
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[[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 2|Draft 2]]  * [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3|Draft 3]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 4/|Draft 4]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 6|Draft 6]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 7|Draft 7]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 8|Draft 8]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 9|Draft 9]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 10|Draft 10]] [[User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 11|Draft 11]]</text>
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      <comment>Ngifake iDraft yesikhombisa</comment>
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[[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 3|Draft 3]]  * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 4|Draft 4]] *   [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 5|Draft 5]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 6|Draft 6]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>ngifake idraft yesishangalombili</comment>
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[[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 3|Draft 3]]  * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 4|Draft 4]] *   [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 5|Draft 5]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 6|Draft 6]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *  Draft 8 *</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130434</id>
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        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>ngifake idraft yesishangalombili</comment>
      <origin>130434</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="373" sha1="ajdxg7aqhybrw2oior50z8q5mdix2gs" xml:space="preserve">igama lami u LondiweBridget


[[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 3|Draft 3]]  * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 4|Draft 4]] *   [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 5|Draft 5]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 6|Draft 6]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 8|Draft 8]] *</text>
      <sha1>ajdxg7aqhybrw2oior50z8q5mdix2gs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130550</id>
      <parentid>130434</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:48:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngifake idraft yesishangalolunye</comment>
      <origin>130550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="416" sha1="97z24ydov2bxuldimu1vdmrvsk53rsm" xml:space="preserve">igama lami u LondiweBridget


[[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 1|Draft 1]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 2|Draft 2]] * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 3|Draft 3]]  * [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 4|Draft 4]] *   [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 5|Draft 5]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 6|Draft 6]]  *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 7|Draft 7]] *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 8|Draft 8]] *  [[User:LondiweBridget/Draft 9|Draft 9]] *</text>
      <sha1>97z24ydov2bxuldimu1vdmrvsk53rsm</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:PercyDot/Draft 3*</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>33569</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130713</id>
      <parentid>129748</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:56:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PercyDot</username>
        <id>25425</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko esisha</comment>
      <origin>130713</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" sha1="2xi6vhvph9rr34929pnnzr1fa33ojfh" xml:space="preserve">Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazaneUmculo opholile</text>
      <sha1>2xi6vhvph9rr34929pnnzr1fa33ojfh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130714</id>
      <parentid>130713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:58:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PercyDot</username>
        <id>25425</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130714</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="498" sha1="07ufw5vjaj6nw0833eklria024lyftl" xml:space="preserve">Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazaneUmculo opholile

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nezingane kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kuqedwe. Lezi zimo zihlala zikhona ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zifaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokocansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=J5S9auDHHuW-p84PsabAsQU|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>07ufw5vjaj6nw0833eklria024lyftl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>130715</id>
      <parentid>130714</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:03:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PercyDot</username>
        <id>25425</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>links</comment>
      <origin>130715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1095" sha1="ben1bmpsb3cw6o6hbj69zovl7ikiz93" xml:space="preserve">Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazaneUmculo opholile

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nezingane kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kuqedwe. Lezi zimo zihlala zikhona ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zifaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokocansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=J5S9auDHHuW-p84PsabAsQU|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amathunzi okuhlukunyezwa afaka ifu elimnyama emphakathini wethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukunqamula ukuthula futhi sinikeze indawo engcwele kulabo abahluphekayo. Masifundise, sishaye imithetho, futhi sixhumane, sakhe umhlaba lapho abesifazane nezingane bevikelekile ekulimaleni. Ndawonye, singabhala kabusha izindaba zabo ngethemba nangokuphulukiswa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-12|title=Inkulumo elungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besifazane nezingane - Brainly.in|url=https://brainly.in/question/56065749|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=brainly.in|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ben1bmpsb3cw6o6hbj69zovl7ikiz93</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130716</id>
      <parentid>130715</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PercyDot</username>
        <id>25425</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Imithombo yolwazi</comment>
      <origin>130716</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1115" sha1="d4wu1zrod8ztthbqi0gj9j39qlj6ojo" xml:space="preserve">Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazaneUmculo opholile

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nezingane kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kuqedwe. Lezi zimo zihlala zikhona ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zifaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokocansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=J5S9auDHHuW-p84PsabAsQU|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amathunzi okuhlukunyezwa afaka ifu elimnyama emphakathini wethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukunqamula ukuthula futhi sinikeze indawo engcwele kulabo abahluphekayo. Masifundise, sishaye imithetho, futhi sixhumane, sakhe umhlaba lapho abesifazane nezingane bevikelekile ekulimaleni. Ndawonye, singabhala kabusha izindaba zabo ngethemba nangokuphulukiswa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-12|title=Inkulumo elungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besifazane nezingane - Brainly.in|url=https://brainly.in/question/56065749|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=brainly.in|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
      <sha1>d4wu1zrod8ztthbqi0gj9j39qlj6ojo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Pononoza</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>33634</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130295</id>
      <parentid>130276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="270" sha1="ias9pk6pk1ba5t7ackjqctxm65reg1h" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]]</text>
      <sha1>ias9pk6pk1ba5t7ackjqctxm65reg1h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130384</id>
      <parentid>130295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:25:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130384</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="302" sha1="1hrfc9uxcmj4iom7owzdpfuhyjzqfga" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]]</text>
      <sha1>1hrfc9uxcmj4iom7owzdpfuhyjzqfga</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130420</id>
      <parentid>130384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:08:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="334" sha1="i34t8ttmnnpko4vwow0srgsltcfvstc" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]]</text>
      <sha1>i34t8ttmnnpko4vwow0srgsltcfvstc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130466</id>
      <parentid>130420</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:54:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="368" sha1="1mbemklqr6wc9m8jzdfmi0a7hb9jecj" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]]</text>
      <sha1>1mbemklqr6wc9m8jzdfmi0a7hb9jecj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130499</id>
      <parentid>130466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:12:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="376" sha1="8cqo2hj4vm0o4tru3asrmrcvll3js91" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] Draft11</text>
      <sha1>8cqo2hj4vm0o4tru3asrmrcvll3js91</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130502</id>
      <parentid>130499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="402" sha1="n0ck30a98m8jrr9asfhiqizt6fqnhjf" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]]</text>
      <sha1>n0ck30a98m8jrr9asfhiqizt6fqnhjf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130527</id>
      <parentid>130502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:31:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="436" sha1="alau784v377rgm1qmn8itzrglhc6p3e" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]]</text>
      <sha1>alau784v377rgm1qmn8itzrglhc6p3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130560</id>
      <parentid>130527</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:55:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="470" sha1="0bhoxeci166mon9n9o0xyzdq6lgbpta" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]]</text>
      <sha1>0bhoxeci166mon9n9o0xyzdq6lgbpta</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130600</id>
      <parentid>130560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:58:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130600</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="504" sha1="i8vb9mo4ceot17y4cv8lahp98surcf3" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]]</text>
      <sha1>i8vb9mo4ceot17y4cv8lahp98surcf3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130631</id>
      <parentid>130600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:08:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130631</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="512" sha1="igstt533p77wondly3n8xzfde41vuat" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] Draft15</text>
      <sha1>igstt533p77wondly3n8xzfde41vuat</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130632</id>
      <parentid>130631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:09:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130632</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="538" sha1="h5ltmg4sistmkiyz26k87suxscpqy1j" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]]</text>
      <sha1>h5ltmg4sistmkiyz26k87suxscpqy1j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130640</id>
      <parentid>130632</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:27:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="572" sha1="ndh96m59jysfmr06crhphud42gp9m6r" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft16|Draft16]]</text>
      <sha1>ndh96m59jysfmr06crhphud42gp9m6r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130645</id>
      <parentid>130640</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:38:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130645</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="606" sha1="pmz5wliachr2rwetf9r2mykm50vh1u6" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft16|Draft16]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft17|Draft17]]</text>
      <sha1>pmz5wliachr2rwetf9r2mykm50vh1u6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130653</id>
      <parentid>130645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:57:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130653</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="640" sha1="3vlvf9sfvmzt4z5zi7iz6fissf2tahq" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft16|Draft16]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft17|Draft17]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft18|Draft18]]</text>
      <sha1>3vlvf9sfvmzt4z5zi7iz6fissf2tahq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130663</id>
      <parentid>130653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:10:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130663</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="674" sha1="iax1slzalbt48cm4ma876rwd4873ao5" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft16|Draft16]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft17|Draft17]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft18|Draft18]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft19|Draft19]]</text>
      <sha1>iax1slzalbt48cm4ma876rwd4873ao5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130670</id>
      <parentid>130663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:23:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130670</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="708" sha1="0nbm5xvxlvy1xz1yrt3ca5y6om9c2i3" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Pononoza


[[User:Pononoza/Draft1|Draft1]]          [[User:Pononoza/Draft2|Draft2]]         [[User:Pononoza/Draft3|Draft3]]  [[User:Pononoza/Draft4|Draft4]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft5|Draft5]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft6|Draft6]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft7|Draft7]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft8|Draft8]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft9|Draft9]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft10|Draft10]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft11|Draft11]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft12|Draft12]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft13|Draft13]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft14|Draft14]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft15|Draft15]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft16|Draft16]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft17|Draft17]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft18|Draft18]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft19|Draft19]] [[User:Pononoza/Draft20|Draft20]]</text>
      <sha1>0nbm5xvxlvy1xz1yrt3ca5y6om9c2i3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Zamahlobo</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>33636</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130406</id>
      <parentid>130188</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:50:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130406</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="150" sha1="chxo7lm1dwihgoh1709n0rlls97cyef" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]            [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 5|-Draft4]]</text>
      <sha1>chxo7lm1dwihgoh1709n0rlls97cyef</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130412</id>
      <parentid>130406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:58:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="150" sha1="cdxih43losp1tzi3ntahsj0olbwhch2" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]            [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]</text>
      <sha1>cdxih43losp1tzi3ntahsj0olbwhch2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130500</id>
      <parentid>130412</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:12:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="166" sha1="itti735vbg1rpxyf7akgu6ui6v3n5s3" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]            [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     [[-Draft5]]</text>
      <sha1>itti735vbg1rpxyf7akgu6ui6v3n5s3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130506</id>
      <parentid>130500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:15:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="150" sha1="cdxih43losp1tzi3ntahsj0olbwhch2" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]            [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]</text>
      <sha1>cdxih43losp1tzi3ntahsj0olbwhch2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130533</id>
      <parentid>130506</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:36:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130533</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="160" sha1="brdtsdeqb74bczltnlpx5nuiqyrgeaj" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5]]</text>
      <sha1>brdtsdeqb74bczltnlpx5nuiqyrgeaj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130803</id>
      <parentid>130533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:09:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>i created draft 6</comment>
      <origin>130803</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="179" sha1="0u4qvd9eaoun0i75txh1lm36afb3rur" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]</text>
      <sha1>0u4qvd9eaoun0i75txh1lm36afb3rur</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130804</id>
      <parentid>130803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:11:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>i created draft 7</comment>
      <origin>130804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="195" sha1="ge3n7pph611cs4v3icnhivz674yvaa2" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]</text>
      <sha1>ge3n7pph611cs4v3icnhivz674yvaa2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130808</id>
      <parentid>130804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:20:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130808</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="211" sha1="mpe0rlhahvrrufttuq0fd2m792ggmn1" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]</text>
      <sha1>mpe0rlhahvrrufttuq0fd2m792ggmn1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130811</id>
      <parentid>130808</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:34:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130811</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="227" sha1="s2uklzh1qifc0vcnfmjwt7rvvu5djkq" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]</text>
      <sha1>s2uklzh1qifc0vcnfmjwt7rvvu5djkq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130815</id>
      <parentid>130811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:54:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130815</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="239" sha1="7kvistlfz6x8yx3d9bpiyb2wtex5bup" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]     Draft10</text>
      <sha1>7kvistlfz6x8yx3d9bpiyb2wtex5bup</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130816</id>
      <parentid>130815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:56:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130816</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="240" sha1="fenydbx3ce0miqo7sg65iv75or7dh25" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]     -Draft10</text>
      <sha1>fenydbx3ce0miqo7sg65iv75or7dh25</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130817</id>
      <parentid>130816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="244" sha1="m3gb41n2s0ec0q0fupndxbzbzvyrqxn" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]     -[[Draft10]]</text>
      <sha1>m3gb41n2s0ec0q0fupndxbzbzvyrqxn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130820</id>
      <parentid>130817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T06:17:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="252" sha1="r9uohdh4r9l5ssg2xc9u06mtvj83z73" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]     [[Draft10|-Draft10]]</text>
      <sha1>r9uohdh4r9l5ssg2xc9u06mtvj83z73</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130821</id>
      <parentid>130820</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T06:19:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Zamahlobo</username>
        <id>25460</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130821</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="269" sha1="39bt4wozpgncok4j4dwe27rx0lu320p" xml:space="preserve">Igama lami ngingu Zamahlobo


[[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 1|Draft 1]]      [[User:Zamahlobo/Draft 2|Draft 2]]     -[[Draft3]]     [[Draft 4|-Draft4]]     -[[Draft5|Draft5     -Draft6]]     -[[Draft7]]     -[[Draft8]]     -[[Draft9]]     [[Draft10|-Draft10]]     -[[Draft11]]</text>
      <sha1>39bt4wozpgncok4j4dwe27rx0lu320p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukukhiqizwa kwamazuba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33728</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130812</id>
      <parentid>120682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:40:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Mahlathamnyama moved page [[Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi]] to [[Ukukhiqizwa kwamazuba]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>120682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13296" sha1="mlrcxbhbqmahd0y8byilrnhae8aidis" xml:space="preserve">
[[File:Turbogenerator01.jpg|thumb|I-turbo generator]]
 
Ukukhiqhiza ugesi inqubo yokukhiqiza ugesi emithonjeni yamadla ayisiqalo. Ezimbonini zamandla kagesi, kuyisigaba sangaphambi kokuthengiswa kwayo (ukudluliswa , ukuchthisaswa , njll.) kubasebenzisi bokugcina noma ukugcina kwayo, Umzekelo, indlela yokugcina epompa.

Ugesi osebenzisekayo  awutholakali mahhala sdalo, ngakho kumele &quot;ukhiqizwe&quot;, kuguqulwe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla zibe uges00i. Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ezikhungweni zikagesi, ezibizwa nangokuthi &quot;ngeziteshi  zikagesi&quot;. Ugesi ujwayele ukukhiqizwa esiteshini samandla kagesi nge-generator ye-electromechanical, ngokuyinhloko ishukunyi yizinjini zokushisa  ezikhuthazwa ukushisa noma [[Ukuklewuka kwenuzi|ukuklewuka kwe kwe-nuzi]], kodwa futhi nangezinye izindlela ezifana  [[Impekumpeku|amandla okunyakaza]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;kwamanzi agobhozayo nomoya. Eminye imithombo yamandla ihlanganisa i-solar photovoltaics kanye namandla okushisa komhlaba. Kunezindlela ezingajwayelekile futhi eziqangelwaywo zokubuyisela amandla, njengemiklamo ye-I-fusion reactor ebheke ukukhipha ngokuqondile amandla emandleni anamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa yizinhlayiyana ezisheshayo ezikhishwa inqubo yokuxhuma (bheka I-magnetohydrodynamics).

Ukukhuliswa kwezimboni zikagesi ezishiswa ngamalahle futhi ekugcineni iziteshi zikagesi, noma, uma kungenzeka, ukubamba ukukhishwa kwegesi ezishisayo, kuokudingekayo uk ukwehlisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kusolakala ukuthi kuzodingeka amandla avela elangeni  amaningi kakhulu kanye namandla  omoya, njengoba Isidingo sikagesi sikhula kakhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, amakhaya nezimboni. kepha ngonyaka ka-2023, kwabikwa ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke kwakusondela ezingeni eliphakeme lokukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngesimanga sokukhula kwamandla elanga nomoya.


. 


 {{Excerpt|Coal-fired power station}}
[[File:Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg|thumb|Amadamu amakhulu, njengeDamu laseHoover e-United States, anganikeza amandla amakhulu kagesi wamanzi. Inomthamo ofakwe ku-2.07 GW.]] 


Izikhungo zamandla enuzi zingakhiqiza amandla amaningi kusuka ku-unit eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlekelele zenuzi ziphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kwamandla enuzi, futhi izindleko zezikhungo zenuzi ziphezulu kakhulu. Izikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi zitholakala ezindaweni lapho amandla angenzeka avela emanzini awelayo angasetshenziselwa khona ukuhambisa ama-turbine kanye nokuphehla ugwayi. Kungase kungabi umthombo owodwa wokukhiqiza osebenzayo ngokwezomnotho lapho ikhono lokugcina ukugeleza kwamanzi lilinganiselwe futhi umthwalo uhlukahluka kakhulu phakathi nomjikelezo wokukhiqizi waminyaka yonke.
[[File:Stator_winding_at_WPS.JPG|thumb|I-generator enkulu ene-rotor esusiwe]]
Ama-generator kagesi aziwa ngezindlela ezilula kusukela ekutholeni i-electromagnetic induction ngawo-1830. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo oluthile lwe-primary mover njengenjini noma ama-turbine achazwe ngenhla, ushukumisa amandla kazibuthe aphendukayo adlule kuma-coil amisiwe entambo ngaleyo ndlela aphendule amandla emishini abe ngogesi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|page=465–470}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo zokuthengiswa zokukhiqiza ugesi ezingasebenzisi i-generator ama-I-photovoltaic solar kanye nama-fuel cell.
[[File:Dreischluchtendamm_hauptwall_2006.jpg|thumb|Amadamu amakhulu afana neThree Gorges Dam eChina anganiketa amandla amakhulu kagesi wamanzi; anekhono le-22.5 GW.]]
Cishe wonke amandla kagesi wezentengiselwano eMhlabeni aphehlwa nge-turbine, edonswa umoya, amanzi, isitimu noma igesi eshisayo. [[Isindiyane|I-turbine]] ishayela i-generator, ngaleyo ndlela iguqule amandla ayo omshini abe amandla kagesi nge-electromagnetic induction. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa amandla emishini, kufaka phakathi izinjini zokushisa, amanzi, umoya kanye namandla amagagasi. Ukuphehla ugesi okuningi kushaywa yizinjini zokushisa. 

Ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezinsalela kunikeza amandla amaningi kulezi zinjini, ngenani elikhulu elivela ekuhlukaneni kwe-nuclear futhi amanye avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. I-turbine yesitimu yesimanje, eyasungulwa USir Charles Parsons ngo-1884, njengamanje ikhiqiza cishe u-80% w[[Amandla wamazuba|Amandla kagesi]] emhlabeni kusetshenziswa imithombo ehlukahlukene yokushisa. Izinhlobo ze-turbine zihlanganisa:

* Amanzi Esihwamukayo abiliswa ngamalahle ashiswe esiteshini sokuphehla ugesi. Cishe u-41% wawo wonke ugesi ukhiqizwa ngale ndlela.[1] Ukushisa kokuhlukana kwe-nuclear okwenziwa ku-nucleary reactor kwakha isitimu. Amandla kagesi angaphansi kuka-15% akhiqizwa ngale ndlela. Amandla avuselelekayo. Isitimu sikhiqizwa yi-biomass, amandla okushisa elanga, noma amandla okushisa komhlaba.
** Amanzi afakwa ngamalahle ashiswe esiteshini sokuphehla ugesi. Cishe u-41% wawo wonke ugesi ukhiqizwa ngale ndlela.
** Ukushisa kokuhlukana kwe-nuclear okwenziwa ku-I-nuclear reactor kwakha isitimu. Amandla kagesi angaphansi kuka-15% akhiqizwa ngale ndlela.
** Amandla avuselelekayo. Isitimu sikhiqizwa yI-biomass, Amandla okushisa elanga, noma Amandla okushisa komhlaba.
* Igesi yemvelo: ama-turbine aqhutshwa ngokuqondile amagesi akhiqizwa ukushisa. Umjikelezo ohlangene ushukunyiswa kokubili isitimu negesi yemvelo. Bakhiqiza amandla ngokushisa igesi yemvelo ku-I-turbine yegesi bese besebenzisa ukushisa okusele ukukhiqiza isitimu. Okungenani u-20% kagesi womhlaba ukhiqizwa igesi yemvelo.
* Amandla amanzi athathwa yI-turbine yamanzi ekuhambeni kwamanzi - kusuka emanzini awelayo, ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwamagagasi noma ama-thermal currents olwandle (bheka Ukuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa olwandle). Njengamanje, izikhungo zikagesi zamanzi zinikeza cishe u-16% kagesi womhlaba.
* I-windmill yayiyI-turbine yomoya yokuqala. Ngo-2018 cishe u-5% kagesi womhlaba wakhiqizwa ngumoya.

Ama-turbine angasebenzisa nokunye uketshezi oludlulisa ukushisa kunesitimu. Imijikelezo esekelwe ku-supercritical carbon dioxide inganikeza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuguqulwa ngenxa yokushintshana okusheshayo kokushisa, ukuqina kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nengqalasizinda yomjikelezo wamandla elula. Izingxube ze-supercritical carbon dioxide, ezisetshenziswa njengamanje, zingaqhubeka nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuthuthukisa umfutho wayo ophawulekayo namaphuzu okushisa.

Yize ama-turbine evame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla ezentengiselwano, ama-generator amancane angashukunyiswa yizinjini zika-petrol noma zika-diesel. Lezi zingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kwesivikelo noma njengomthombo oyinhloko wamandla emadolobhaneni aqhelelene.
[[File:World_generation_type_yearly.png|thumb|Isizukulwane saminyaka yonke ngomthombo]]
Ingqikithi yokukhiqiza komhlaba ngo-2024 yayiyi-TWh engu-30,850, kufaka phakathi amalahle (34%), igesi (22%), amanzi (14%), amandla enuzi (9%), umoya (8%), ilanga (7%), uwoyela nezinye izinto zokubasa zezinsalela (3%), i-biomass (2%).

== Ukukhathazeka ngendawo ezungezile ==
Variations between countries generating electrical power affect concerns about the environment. In France only 10% of electricity is generated from fossil fuels, the US is higher at 70% and China is at 80%. The cleanliness of electricity depends on its source. Methane leaks (from natural gas to fuel gas-fired power plants) and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-based electricity generation account for a significant portion of world greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, fossil fuel combustion for electric power generation is responsible for 65% of all emissions of sulfur dioxide, the main component of acid rain. Electricity generation is the fourth highest combined source of NO&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mwATw&quot;&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the US.

Ngokusho kwe-I-International Energy Agency (IEA), ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okuncane kudinga ukubalelwa ku-85% wokukhiqizwa kukogesi emhlabeni wonke ngo-2040 ukuze kuvinjelwe imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Njengezinye izinhlangano ezihlanganisa i-Energy Impact Center (EIC)  kanye ne-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), i-IEA icele ukwanda kwamandla enuzi nawokuvuselelayo ukuhlangabezana naleyo njongo. Abanye, njengomsunguli we-EIC uBret Kugelmass, bakholelwa ukuthi amandla enuzi ayindlela eyinhloko yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngoba angaphinde anikeze amandla okubanjwa komoya okuqondile okususa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon ekhona emkhathini. Izikhungo zamandla enuzi zingaphinde zenze amaphrojekthi okufudumeza nokwehlisa usawoti esifundeni, kunciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon kanye nesidingo sokukhuliswa kukagesi. 

Inkinga eyisisekelo ephathelene nokuphehla ugesi kanye nezindlela zamanje zokuphehla ugasizi ezisetshenziswa namuhla yimiphumela emibi kakhulu yendawo ezungezile ezinqubo eziningi zokupheha. Izinqubo ezinjenge-coal ne-gas azikho nje kuphela ekhipha i-carbon dioxide njengoba ishisa, kodwa ukukhipha kwazo emhlabathini nakho kuthinta indawo ezungezile. Izimayini zamalahle ezivulekile zisebenzisa izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ukukhipha amalahle futhi zinciphise amathuba okusetshenziswa komhlaba okhiqizayo ngemuva kokumba. Ukukhishwa kwegesi yemvelo kukhipha isilinganiso esikhulu se-methane emkhathini lapho kukhishwa emhlabathini, okwandisa kakhulu amagesi abamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke. Yize izikhungo zamandla enuzi zingakhulumi nge-carbon dioxide ngokukhiqiza ugesi, kunezingozi ezihlobene nemfucumfucu yenuzi nokukhathazeka ngokuphepha okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yenuzi. 

Ukuphehla ugesi okuphakathi kukhiqizwa izikhungo ezinkulu eziphakathi, ezithunyelwa ngezindlela zokudlulisa kubathengi. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba kude nabathengi futhi zisakaze ugesi ngezintambo zokudlulisa ugesi ophakeme esiteshini, lapho usakazwa khona kubathengi; umqondo oyisisekelo uwukuthi iziteshi ezinkulu ze-multi-megawatt noma ze-gigawatt zenza ugesi kubantu abaningi. Iningi lamandla kagesi asetshenzisiwe lakhiwa ngokukhiqiza okuphakathi. Ukuphehla ugesi okuningi okuphakathi kuvela ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi eziphethwe ngamafutha anezinsalela njengamalahle noma igesi yemvelo, yize izikhungo ezinkulu zokuphakela ugesi ngamanzi nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa.

Isizukulwane esiphakathi ngokuyisisekelo siphambene isizukulwane esisakazekile. I-distributed generation iyinhlanganisela encane kagesi emaqenjini amancane abathengi. Lokhu kungahlanganisa nokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuzimela ngelanga noma ngomoya. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-generation isakazekile njengoba kuye kwabonakala ukuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthambekela kwayo ekusebenziseni izindlela zokuphehla [[Isidlakalasi esivuselelekayo|Amandla avuselelekayo]] njenge-solar ophahleni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Joshi|first1=Siddharth|last2=Mittal|first2=Shivika|last3=Holloway|first3=Paul|last4=Shukla|first4=Priyadarshi Ramprasad|last5=Ó Gallachóir|first5=Brian|last6=Glynn|first6=James|date=2021-10-05|title=High resolution global spatiotemporal assessment of rooftop solar photovoltaics potential for renewable electricity generation|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=5738|doi=10.1038/s41467-021-25720-2|pmid=34611151|pmc=8492708|bibcode=2021NatCo..12.5738J|issn=2041-1723}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imithombo yamandla ephakathi nendawo yizikhungo ezinkulu zamandla ezikhiqiza inani elikhulu likagesi kubathengi abaningi. Izikhungo eziningi zamandla ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okuphakathi nendawo yizikhungo zamandla okushisa okusho ukuthi zisebenzisa uphethiloli ukufudumeza isitimu ukukhiqiza igesi enomoya ophenduka i-turbine futhi aphehla ugesi. Lena indlela engokwesiko yokukhiqiza amandla. Le nqubo incike ezinhlotsheni eziningana zobuchwepheshe ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi osakazekile, okuyizinhlobo zemvelo zamalahle, igesi kanye nezinhlobo ze-nuclear zokuphehla ukushisa. Muva nje ilanga nomoya sekuyisilinganiso esikhulu.

Izigungu zokukhiqiza gesi wemvelo zisebenza kangcono kunokukhiqiza ugesi wamalahle, nokho zinomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, kodwa hhayi kakhulu njengokukhiqiza amalahlec. Akukhona nje ukuthi zikhiqiza i-carbon dioxide ngokushiswa kwegesi yemvelo, ukukhipha igesi lapho imayini kukhipha isilinganiso esiphawulekayo se-i-methane emkhathini.

Izikhungo zamandla enuzi zikhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa ama-turbine esitimu lapho ukushisa kungena khona ngenqubo yokuhlukana kwe-nuclear. Njengamanje, amandla enuzi akhiqiza u-11% wawo wonke ugesi emhlabeni. Ama-nuclear reactors amaningi asebenzisa [[Ishaqantuva|I-uranium]] njengomthombo wokuphehla uphethiloli. Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi [[Ukuklewuka kwenuzi|ukuhlukana kwe-nuclear]], amandla, esimweni sokushisa, akhululwa lapho ama-athomu e-nucleus ehlukana. Ugesi wenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-nuclear reactor lapho ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukuhlukana kwe-nucleary kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isitimu esiphenduphendulela ama-turbine futhi sinikeze amandla ama-generator. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-nuclear reactors, zonke ngokuyisisekelo zihamba ngenqubo le nqubo.

Ukukhishwa okuvamile okubangelwa izikhungo zamandla enuzi ngokuyinhloko ukushisa okulahlekile kanye nowoyela osetshenzisiwe. Engxenyeni yokungcebeleka, inani elikhulu lama-radioisotopes lingadedelwa endaweni ezungezile, okubangela ingozi yesikhathi eside ekuphileni. Lengozi ibilokhu iyinkinga eqhubekayo yabasekeli bemvelo. Izingozi ezinjeng- Amathathu Mile Island, Inhlekelele yaseChernobyl Inhlekelele yenuzi yaseFukushima zibonisa le nkinga.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>User:Ndengezi/Draft 2</title>
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      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
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      <comment>explainationand link</comment>
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Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.</text>
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      <text bytes="1219" sha1="qmuigoct6udq2w7itj8k7djvzo5mt0i" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="1798" sha1="oos4oeazrsf9fln20sfiv1eg59ql3pk" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo Nelson Mandela owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.</text>
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      <text bytes="1825" sha1="oqqykvrfq7hz6pnbdlegcjfwwofi0kn" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo Nelson Mandela owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130494</id>
      <parentid>130493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:11:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO</comment>
      <origin>130494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1844" sha1="qzwtmtpb6ihsuza8rd5yj7jedy120hy" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo ubuntu ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi izandla ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo Nelson Mandela owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130501</id>
      <parentid>130494</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:13:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>LINKS</comment>
      <origin>130501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1856" sha1="qzlcnrexr3ye5zz2tc8a1ewmwavgng0" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo [[ubuntu]] ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi [[izandla]] ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo [[Nelson Mandela]] owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130503</id>
      <parentid>130501</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:14:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>CATEGORY</comment>
      <origin>130503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1891" sha1="d7moz4xr6w1zg8gp6la2w4ug1iszpfn" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)

Indlela esingachza ngayo [[ubuntu]] ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi [[izandla]] ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo [[Nelson Mandela]] owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:UBUNTU]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130516</id>
      <parentid>130503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:23:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>new draft</comment>
      <origin>130516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="g37i9xyuk3o3xiway4qnpwlkbk729y3" xml:space="preserve">Ubuntu (Philosophy)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130518</id>
      <parentid>130516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:24:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko</comment>
      <origin>130518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="sb4xokvzbz8rut53slpub3j4rlxuch4" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130523</id>
      <parentid>130518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:29:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="561" sha1="g3dwra1nmovi5eh0fhnyho7cqb477zv" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli idolobha elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130525</id>
      <parentid>130523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:29:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="588" sha1="nire2xtn8tbm532px7w7up7d3d70lyk" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli idolobha elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130535</id>
      <parentid>130525</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:37:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>paragraph</comment>
      <origin>130535</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="773" sha1="kltneog3aag04exk82l29zcs1453p8e" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli idolobha elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Abantu kuleli dolobha bayaye beze ngoba bezozama impilo encono bethole iisebenzi noma bezofunda,leli idolobha elaziwa ngokucebakakhulu akekho umuntu oya khona maqede abuye elambatha.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130538</id>
      <parentid>130535</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:37:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130538</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="777" sha1="5wu8q9c4xjjc5r5ek77qsc9q58eczy0" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli [[idolobha]] elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Abantu kuleli dolobha bayaye beze ngoba bezozama impilo encono bethole iisebenzi noma bezofunda,leli idolobha elaziwa ngokucebakakhulu akekho umuntu oya khona maqede abuye elambatha.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130541</id>
      <parentid>130538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>category</comment>
      <origin>130541</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="810" sha1="i05yt8noxi98yylyjiylu84arvgu4py" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli [[idolobha]] elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Abantu kuleli dolobha bayaye beze ngoba bezozama impilo encono bethole iisebenzi noma bezofunda,leli idolobha elaziwa ngokucebakakhulu akekho umuntu oya khona maqede abuye elambatha.
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Goli]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130542</id>
      <parentid>130541</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:39:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="829" sha1="gh34wayrxqzmo7lka0lchz2q4mlygma" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli [[idolobha]] elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

Abantu kuleli dolobha bayaye beze ngoba bezozama impilo encono bethole iisebenzi noma bezofunda,leli idolobha elaziwa ngokucebakakhulu akekho umuntu oya khona maqede abuye elambatha.

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Goli]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130573</id>
      <parentid>130542</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:11:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>new draft</comment>
      <origin>130573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="sb4xokvzbz8rut53slpub3j4rlxuch4" xml:space="preserve">Kwandonga Ziyaduma</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130574</id>
      <parentid>130573</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:14:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ISIHLOKO</comment>
      <origin>130574</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18" sha1="am7oonce2kb3ksstuldwc8vkse62deu" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130576</id>
      <parentid>130574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:20:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="596" sha1="g33hvu3418hruytye8y64akdwpovas8" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)

Igama elithi uShaka ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g33hvu3418hruytye8y64akdwpovas8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130583</id>
      <parentid>130576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:39:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>links</comment>
      <origin>130583</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1306" sha1="efhe8imi0t2sexwx6vf43zem9i65p87" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)

Igama elithi uShaka ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UShaka eseyinkosi waziphindiselela kubobonke ababemhlupha nonina esemncane ngoba wabuyela koninalume wafike wajoja ababemhlukumeza eseyingane kanye nonina. Emva kwesikhathi esingangonyaka isizwe sakwaZulu sasesikhule ngamandla. Ngonyaka ka1817 emva kokubulawa kweNkosi uDingiswayo wakwaMthethwa ebulawa abakwaNdwandwe kwamcasula kakhulu lokho uShaka kodwa kolunye uhlangothi kwamnika amandla okuhlanganisa zonke izizwe zikhonze kwaZulu zonke kube uye iNkosi yamakhosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=kaZulu|first=Inkezo|date=2025-09-19|title=Ngubani uShaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona ?|url=https://inkezokazulu.co.za/ngubani-shaka-zulu-kasenzangakhona/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=INKEZO KAZULU NAMUHLA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>efhe8imi0t2sexwx6vf43zem9i65p87</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>130584</id>
      <parentid>130583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:40:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130584</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1326" sha1="o909pk07ydrxjhdwpps54xpuf7jqdru" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)

Igama elithi uShaka ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UShaka eseyinkosi waziphindiselela kubobonke ababemhlupha nonina esemncane ngoba wabuyela koninalume wafike wajoja ababemhlukumeza eseyingane kanye nonina. Emva kwesikhathi esingangonyaka isizwe sakwaZulu sasesikhule ngamandla. Ngonyaka ka1817 emva kokubulawa kweNkosi uDingiswayo wakwaMthethwa ebulawa abakwaNdwandwe kwamcasula kakhulu lokho uShaka kodwa kolunye uhlangothi kwamnika amandla okuhlanganisa zonke izizwe zikhonze kwaZulu zonke kube uye iNkosi yamakhosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=kaZulu|first=Inkezo|date=2025-09-19|title=Ngubani uShaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona ?|url=https://inkezokazulu.co.za/ngubani-shaka-zulu-kasenzangakhona/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=INKEZO KAZULU NAMUHLA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130585</id>
      <parentid>130584</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:41:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>LINKS</comment>
      <origin>130585</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1337" sha1="d76x2y1rfhacx3rxgfct6g72jr2fogv" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)

Igama elithi [[Ushaka|uShaka]] ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UShaka eseyinkosi waziphindiselela kubobonke ababemhlupha nonina esemncane ngoba wabuyela koninalume wafike wajoja ababemhlukumeza eseyingane kanye nonina. Emva kwesikhathi esingangonyaka isizwe sakwaZulu sasesikhule ngamandla. Ngonyaka ka1817 emva kokubulawa kweNkosi uDingiswayo wakwaMthethwa ebulawa abakwaNdwandwe kwamcasula kakhulu lokho uShaka kodwa kolunye uhlangothi kwamnika amandla okuhlanganisa zonke izizwe zikhonze kwaZulu zonke kube uye iNkosi yamakhosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=kaZulu|first=Inkezo|date=2025-09-19|title=Ngubani uShaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona ?|url=https://inkezokazulu.co.za/ngubani-shaka-zulu-kasenzangakhona/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=INKEZO KAZULU NAMUHLA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130586</id>
      <parentid>130585</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:42:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>LINK</comment>
      <origin>130586</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1348" sha1="1izhwduczir7nhze7upnzjy50dqk1nq" xml:space="preserve">Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)

Igama elithi [[Ushaka|uShaka]] ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UShaka eseyinkosi waziphindiselela kubobonke ababemhlupha nonina esemncane ngoba wabuyela koninalume wafike wajoja ababemhlukumeza eseyingane kanye nonina. Emva kwesikhathi esingangonyaka isizwe sakwaZulu sasesikhule ngamandla. Ngonyaka ka1817 emva kokubulawa kweNkosi uDingiswayo wakwaMthethwa ebulawa abakwaNdwandwe kwamcasula kakhulu lokho uShaka kodwa kolunye uhlangothi kwamnika amandla okuhlanganisa zonke izizwe zikhonze kwaZulu zonke kube uye [[Inkosi|iNkosi]] yamakhosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=kaZulu|first=Inkezo|date=2025-09-19|title=Ngubani uShaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona ?|url=https://inkezokazulu.co.za/ngubani-shaka-zulu-kasenzangakhona/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=INKEZO KAZULU NAMUHLA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130589</id>
      <parentid>130586</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:48:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nrwdraft</comment>
      <origin>130589</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130590</id>
      <parentid>130589</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:49:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko</comment>
      <origin>130590</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11" sha1="dy69bacz8i9z0rbpf0qjmm2yuodjgjw" xml:space="preserve">Siya Kolisi</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130597</id>
      <parentid>130590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cite</comment>
      <origin>130597</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="472" sha1="d7y29d1ynjvw823chq7q8r9coadkbzu" xml:space="preserve">Siya Kolisi

USiya Kolisi ogama lakhe langempela uSiyamthanda Kolisi ungomunye wabadlali bebhola lombhoxo abadume kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ungukaputeni weqembu lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika, amaSpringboks. Wazalelwa eZwide, eGqeberha ngomhlaka-16 Juni kunyaka ka 1991. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=0Vq9arCoFsvCp84PlcvQ4QM|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130601</id>
      <parentid>130597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T18:59:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cite</comment>
      <origin>130601</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1277" sha1="0mk4fe8vnkydfkppwbz4nebplfh3n71" xml:space="preserve">Siya Kolisi

USiya Kolisi ogama lakhe langempela uSiyamthanda Kolisi ungomunye wabadlali bebhola lombhoxo abadume kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ungukaputeni weqembu lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika, amaSpringboks. Wazalelwa eZwide, eGqeberha ngomhlaka-16 Juni kunyaka ka 1991. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=0Vq9arCoFsvCp84PlcvQ4QM|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sekuze kunencwadi okuthiwa  I-ebook &quot;Siya Kolisi: Isihlabani Sombhoxo neQhawe&quot; iklanyelwe abafundi abasaqala ukufunda kuSigaba Esiyisisekelo (FP). Inikeza insiza enhle kakhulu yokugubha impumelelo emangalisayo yomunye wokaputeni bombhoxo wamaBhokobhoko abadume kakhulu. Le ebook yethulwa ngefomethi esebenziseka kalula, okulula ukuyisebenzisa, okuyenza ijabulisa kakhulu kubafundi abancane. Ngokuqukethwe okukhangayo nokuxoxa izindaba ezihehayo, le ncwadi ayigcini nje ngokuwethula abafundi ohambweni olukhuthazayo lukaSiya Kolisi kodwa futhi ikhuthaza uthando lokufunda kusenesikhathi kanye nokwazisa amagugu obuholi nokuzimisela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.twinkl.co.za/resource/siya-kolisi-isihlabani-sombhoxo-neqhawe-i-ebook-za-hl-1698286127|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.twinkl.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0mk4fe8vnkydfkppwbz4nebplfh3n71</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130602</id>
      <parentid>130601</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:01:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Imithombo yolwazi</comment>
      <origin>130602</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1298" sha1="nrug6tgzahg7rqhwtdbb1k0ma2z5rus" xml:space="preserve">Siya Kolisi

USiya Kolisi ogama lakhe langempela uSiyamthanda Kolisi ungomunye wabadlali bebhola lombhoxo abadume kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ungukaputeni weqembu lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika, amaSpringboks. Wazalelwa eZwide, eGqeberha ngomhlaka-16 Juni kunyaka ka 1991. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=0Vq9arCoFsvCp84PlcvQ4QM|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sekuze kunencwadi okuthiwa  I-ebook &quot;Siya Kolisi: Isihlabani Sombhoxo neQhawe&quot; iklanyelwe abafundi abasaqala ukufunda kuSigaba Esiyisisekelo (FP). Inikeza insiza enhle kakhulu yokugubha impumelelo emangalisayo yomunye wokaputeni bombhoxo wamaBhokobhoko abadume kakhulu. Le ebook yethulwa ngefomethi esebenziseka kalula, okulula ukuyisebenzisa, okuyenza ijabulisa kakhulu kubafundi abancane. Ngokuqukethwe okukhangayo nokuxoxa izindaba ezihehayo, le ncwadi ayigcini nje ngokuwethula abafundi ohambweni olukhuthazayo lukaSiya Kolisi kodwa futhi ikhuthaza uthando lokufunda kusenesikhathi kanye nokwazisa amagugu obuholi nokuzimisela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.twinkl.co.za/resource/siya-kolisi-isihlabani-sombhoxo-neqhawe-i-ebook-za-hl-1698286127|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.twinkl.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; 


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130608</id>
      <parentid>130602</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:10:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko</comment>
      <origin>130608</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="tjcv330o970qmyigfednm9znv25x9pj" xml:space="preserve">Umkhosi womhlanga wakwaZuluSiya Kolisi</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130609</id>
      <parentid>130608</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:17:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cite</comment>
      <origin>130609</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1630" sha1="krg8xpv0yel5u3mp96j0oaol82162te" xml:space="preserve">Umkhosi womhlanga wakwaZuluSiya Kolisi

Umkhosi  womhlanga  ngeminye  yemikhosi  emidala  eyayibungazwa  ngabantu

abangama-Africa abamnyama. Usuka kude lapha abantu abamnyama besahlangeni

enkabeni ye-Afrika, endaweni namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuthi ise- Replublic of Congo.

Labo  abafudukela  eSouthern  Afrika,  kamuva  abaziwa  ngokuthi  AmaNguni,

baqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga.  Isizwe  zamaZulu  esiyingxenye

yamaNguni,  saqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga  kuzekufike  isikhathi

sokubusa  kweNkosi  uSolomon  kaDiniZulu  ngonyaka  ka-1930.  Ngemuva  kwaleso

sikhathi  lancipha  isasa  lokugunjwa  kwalomkhosi.  Ngonyaka  ka-1950  kwama

ukugujwa kwalomkhosi. Ukwanda kwenkolo wobukrestu namasiko asentshonalanga

kubantu  abamnyama  kwabanomthelela  okumeni  komkhosi  womhlanga.  Inkosi

uZwelithini ubuyise lomkhosi ngonyaka ka1990.

Okwenzeka emkhosini womhlanga

Umkhosi  womhlanga,  umkhosi  ohanjelwa  izinkulungwane  zezintombi  nto.  Intombi

ngayinye  iphatha  umhlanga  uyowubeka  eNkosini.  Ngaphambi  kokuhanjiswa

kwemhlanga, Izintombi emvunilweni yazo siqala ngokuthi sihube amaculo nokusina

phambi  kweNkosi.  Sisuke  siveza  ubuhle  bazo,  ubumsulwa,  ubuntombi  nto  kanye

nempilo.  Izintombi  nto  eziba  Ingxenye  yomkhosi.  Abanye  bangaba  izethameli,

Amakhosi,  izinduna,  amaqhikiza  njll.  Emkhosini  womhlanga  kugqama  ukucula,

ukusina njll.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Programme|first=Ulwazi|date=2017-02-21|title=Umkhosi womhlanga - Ukuhlolwa kwezintombi|url=https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/umkhosi-womhlanga/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Ulwazi Programme|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130610</id>
      <parentid>130609</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:18:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130610</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1638" sha1="4o4a9laykf0gs652fnvez25ob2gt3bs" xml:space="preserve">Umkhosi womhlanga wakwaZulu

Umkhosi  womhlanga  ngeminye  yemikhosi  emidala  eyayibungazwa  ngabantu

abangama-Africa abamnyama. Usuka kude lapha abantu abamnyama besahlangeni

enkabeni ye-Afrika, endaweni namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuthi ise- Replublic of Congo.

Labo  abafudukela  eSouthern  Afrika,  kamuva  abaziwa  ngokuthi  AmaNguni,

baqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga.  Isizwe  zamaZulu  esiyingxenye

yamaNguni,  saqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga  kuzekufike  isikhathi

sokubusa  kweNkosi  uSolomon  kaDiniZulu  ngonyaka  ka-1930.  Ngemuva  kwaleso

sikhathi  lancipha  isasa  lokugunjwa  kwalomkhosi.  Ngonyaka  ka-1950  kwama

ukugujwa kwalomkhosi. Ukwanda kwenkolo wobukrestu namasiko asentshonalanga

kubantu  abamnyama  kwabanomthelela  okumeni  komkhosi  womhlanga.  Inkosi

uZwelithini ubuyise lomkhosi ngonyaka ka1990.

Okwenzeka emkhosini womhlanga

Umkhosi  womhlanga,  umkhosi  ohanjelwa  izinkulungwane  zezintombi  nto.  Intombi

ngayinye  iphatha  umhlanga  uyowubeka  eNkosini.  Ngaphambi  kokuhanjiswa

kwemhlanga, Izintombi emvunilweni yazo siqala ngokuthi sihube amaculo nokusina

phambi  kweNkosi.  Sisuke  siveza  ubuhle  bazo,  ubumsulwa,  ubuntombi  nto  kanye

nempilo.  Izintombi  nto  eziba  Ingxenye  yomkhosi.  Abanye  bangaba  izethameli,

Amakhosi,  izinduna,  amaqhikiza  njll.  Emkhosini  womhlanga  kugqama  ukucula,

ukusina njll.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Programme|first=Ulwazi|date=2017-02-21|title=Umkhosi womhlanga - Ukuhlolwa kwezintombi|url=https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/umkhosi-womhlanga/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Ulwazi Programme|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130721</id>
      <parentid>130610</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:26:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link andparagraph</comment>
      <origin>130721</origin>
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      <text bytes="1062" sha1="k6gja4pxmbf9jfbdfwfrig5b2edfvg8" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).

Impilonhle yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yomzimba ngoba ithonya indlela esicabanga, esizizwa, nesiziphatha ngayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-World [[Impilonhle yengqondo|Health Organization (WHO)]], impilo yengqondo enhle isiza umuntu ukuba aqonde amakhono akhe, amelane nezingphendu zempilo, asebenze ngokukhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi abe negalelo elihle emphakathini wakhe.

Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba ihlobene; Ukunakekela umzimba kuzuzisa ingqondo Ukugwema ukucindezeleka nokwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwemizwelo.Ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokubona imizwa kuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwengqondo Uma kunesidingo, ukuya kochwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izinkinga ezingokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Susana|date=2024-12-25|title=Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho yengqondo nsuku zonke|url=https://zu.bezzia.com/indlela-yokunakekela-impilo-yengqondo/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Bezzia|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130722</id>
      <parentid>130721</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:28:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130722</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1450" sha1="mkix0zm9bg7b07ymuhafis7j3hmq6ze" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).

Impilonhle yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yomzimba ngoba ithonya indlela esicabanga, esizizwa, nesiziphatha ngayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-World [[Impilonhle yengqondo|Health Organization (WHO)]], impilo yengqondo enhle isiza umuntu ukuba aqonde amakhono akhe, amelane nezingphendu zempilo, asebenze ngokukhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi abe negalelo elihle emphakathini wakhe.

Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba ihlobene; Ukunakekela umzimba kuzuzisa ingqondo Ukugwema ukucindezeleka nokwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwemizwelo.Ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokubona imizwa kuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwengqondo Uma kunesidingo, ukuya kochwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izinkinga ezingokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Susana|date=2024-12-25|title=Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho yengqondo nsuku zonke|url=https://zu.bezzia.com/indlela-yokunakekela-impilo-yengqondo/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Bezzia|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukujima emqondweni womuntu kunciphisa ingcindezi futhi kukhulisa ukuzethemba. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani ukuvivinya umzimba kuthathwa njengokufanelekile empilweni yakho iyonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ukujima Kuyithuthukisa Kanjani Impilo Yakho Yengqondo - I-Medsurge India|url=https://medsurgeindia.com/zu/how-workout-improves-your-mental-health/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130723</id>
      <parentid>130722</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130723</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1655" sha1="7ji9k1ikzkz85chah2jq9v10ftw0u2b" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).

Impilonhle yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yomzimba ngoba ithonya indlela esicabanga, esizizwa, nesiziphatha ngayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-World [[Impilonhle yengqondo|Health Organization (WHO)]], impilo yengqondo enhle isiza umuntu ukuba aqonde amakhono akhe, amelane nezingphendu zempilo, asebenze ngokukhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi abe negalelo elihle emphakathini wakhe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=Qpu9asHNFJfIp84Php7NqAk|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba ihlobene; Ukunakekela umzimba kuzuzisa ingqondo Ukugwema ukucindezeleka nokwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwemizwelo.Ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokubona imizwa kuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwengqondo Uma kunesidingo, ukuya kochwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izinkinga ezingokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Susana|date=2024-12-25|title=Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho yengqondo nsuku zonke|url=https://zu.bezzia.com/indlela-yokunakekela-impilo-yengqondo/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Bezzia|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukujima emqondweni womuntu kunciphisa ingcindezi futhi kukhulisa ukuzethemba. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani ukuvivinya umzimba kuthathwa njengokufanelekile empilweni yakho iyonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ukujima Kuyithuthukisa Kanjani Impilo Yakho Yengqondo - I-Medsurge India|url=https://medsurgeindia.com/zu/how-workout-improves-your-mental-health/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130724</id>
      <parentid>130723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:29:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130724</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1675" sha1="eg2j9udyhhqbmu4cu619fxst3pz9lha" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).

Impilonhle yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yomzimba ngoba ithonya indlela esicabanga, esizizwa, nesiziphatha ngayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-World [[Impilonhle yengqondo|Health Organization (WHO)]], impilo yengqondo enhle isiza umuntu ukuba aqonde amakhono akhe, amelane nezingphendu zempilo, asebenze ngokukhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi abe negalelo elihle emphakathini wakhe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=Qpu9asHNFJfIp84Php7NqAk|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba ihlobene; Ukunakekela umzimba kuzuzisa ingqondo Ukugwema ukucindezeleka nokwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwemizwelo.Ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokubona imizwa kuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwengqondo Uma kunesidingo, ukuya kochwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izinkinga ezingokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Susana|date=2024-12-25|title=Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho yengqondo nsuku zonke|url=https://zu.bezzia.com/indlela-yokunakekela-impilo-yengqondo/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Bezzia|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukujima emqondweni womuntu kunciphisa ingcindezi futhi kukhulisa ukuzethemba. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani ukuvivinya umzimba kuthathwa njengokufanelekile empilweni yakho iyonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ukujima Kuyithuthukisa Kanjani Impilo Yakho Yengqondo - I-Medsurge India|url=https://medsurgeindia.com/zu/how-workout-improves-your-mental-health/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130728</id>
      <parentid>130724</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:37:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko esisha</comment>
      <origin>130728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="98" sha1="70zh2j06t15a0f7kektmml3la4ognll" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130729</id>
      <parentid>130728</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:39:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ukuchaza ne cite</comment>
      <origin>130729</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="454" sha1="7gjc3iv7bav4125y55u96y3ct88mlav" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle, amandla, kanye nengqondo ehloniphekile. Abasizi bezempilo batusa ukuthi okungenani umuntu azivocavoce imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=op29aqmFPJ6j5NoPq8eR8Ao|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130731</id>
      <parentid>130729</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:44:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="835" sha1="sh229tcavvz6m5wps1b3chn2nbihkdr" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle, amandla, kanye nengqondo ehloniphekile. Abasizi bezempilo batusa ukuthi okungenani umuntu azivocavoce imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=op29aqmFPJ6j5NoPq8eR8Ao|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UKUZIVOCAVOCA kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu kodwa kungenzeka kudale izinkinga uma kungenziwa ngendlela efanele. Kuningi okungaholela ekutheni umuntu alimale ezivocavoca, uma engenzi ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ungazithola uphuka uze ulale esibhedlela uma uke wazi vocavoca ngendlela okungasiyo ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola umuntu ozokuqeqesha ngokuzivocavoca.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130732</id>
      <parentid>130731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:45:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="852" sha1="c8palpqxb0nbiyz2h1ba9i4ghckbfwp" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle, amandla, kanye nengqondo ehloniphekile. Abasizi bezempilo batusa ukuthi okungenani umuntu azivocavoce imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=op29aqmFPJ6j5NoPq8eR8Ao|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UKUZIVOCAVOCA kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu kodwa kungenzeka kudale izinkinga uma kungenziwa ngendlela efanele. Kuningi okungaholela ekutheni umuntu alimale ezivocavoca, uma engenzi ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ungazithola uphuka uze ulale esibhedlela uma uke wazi vocavoca ngendlela okungasiyo ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola umuntu ozokuqeqesha ngokuzivocavoca.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130733</id>
      <parentid>130732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>UMTHOMBO WOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="871" sha1="mt49hdc72f55scpnihj1jp7arl9huvz" xml:space="preserve">Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.

Ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle, amandla, kanye nengqondo ehloniphekile. Abasizi bezempilo batusa ukuthi okungenani umuntu azivocavoce imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=op29aqmFPJ6j5NoPq8eR8Ao|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

UKUZIVOCAVOCA kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu kodwa kungenzeka kudale izinkinga uma kungenziwa ngendlela efanele. Kuningi okungaholela ekutheni umuntu alimale ezivocavoca, uma engenzi ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ungazithola uphuka uze ulale esibhedlela uma uke wazi vocavoca ngendlela okungasiyo ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola umuntu ozokuqeqesha ngokuzivocavoca.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;


UMTHOMBO WOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130735</id>
      <parentid>130733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:52:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko esisha</comment>
      <origin>130735</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" sha1="rjmx7ajci4wbzs1r96mhu2616jh3fnz" xml:space="preserve">Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya.Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130736</id>
      <parentid>130735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>first paragraph and refernce</comment>
      <origin>130736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="749" sha1="3jpzitmtlse3g2rci5me8vxvilo8ass" xml:space="preserve">Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya.

Izikhukhula zidalela imizi nomphakathi umonakalo omkhulu, okubalwa awo ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo okungabalwakuko ukubhidlika kwezindlu nezakhiwo: Amanzi anamandla ayadiliza noma agqashule izindonga zezindlu, ashiye imindeni ingenamakhaya. Ukonakala kwempahla yasendlini: Izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha, izingubo, kanye nokudla konakaliswa noma kukhukhulwe ngamanzi. Ukulahleka kokuphila nokulimala: Izikhukhula zibeka ukuphila kwabantu engozini enkulu ngokuminza noma ukushaywa izinto ezindiza nomoya namanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=kaG9arTDOeugptQPmq3GsQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130737</id>
      <parentid>130736</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:01:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>second para</comment>
      <origin>130737</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1291" sha1="9a7yzr4nr4s9kqc3mfyulwe7bde7jwz" xml:space="preserve">Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya.

Izikhukhula zidalela imizi nomphakathi umonakalo omkhulu, okubalwa awo ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo okungabalwakuko ukubhidlika kwezindlu nezakhiwo: Amanzi anamandla ayadiliza noma agqashule izindonga zezindlu, ashiye imindeni ingenamakhaya. Ukonakala kwempahla yasendlini: Izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha, izingubo, kanye nokudla konakaliswa noma kukhukhulwe ngamanzi. Ukulahleka kokuphila nokulimala: Izikhukhula zibeka ukuphila kwabantu engozini enkulu ngokuminza noma ukushaywa izinto ezindiza nomoya namanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=kaG9arTDOeugptQPmq3GsQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uphiko lokunakekelwa kwemigwaqo nemisele ehamba amanzi emvula, ukukhucululwa kwemihosha nemifula lusungule uhlelo olukholwa ukuthi lungaba yisisombululo enkingeni ebhekene nedolobha yemfucuza embondelene emfuleni eholela ekutheni kuguguleke ingqalasizinda uma kwenzeka kuba nemvula enkulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mjoli|first=Phili|date=2024-09-18|title=Imizamo yokuvikela umonakalo wezikhukhula|url=https://isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/2019-06-28-imizamo-yokuvikela-umonakalo-wezikhukhula/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Isolezwe|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130738</id>
      <parentid>130737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:01:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</comment>
      <origin>130738</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1311" sha1="0f7iya7j1ffd3hnd95k51e66wqtwtvs" xml:space="preserve">Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya.

Izikhukhula zidalela imizi nomphakathi umonakalo omkhulu, okubalwa awo ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo okungabalwakuko ukubhidlika kwezindlu nezakhiwo: Amanzi anamandla ayadiliza noma agqashule izindonga zezindlu, ashiye imindeni ingenamakhaya. Ukonakala kwempahla yasendlini: Izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha, izingubo, kanye nokudla konakaliswa noma kukhukhulwe ngamanzi. Ukulahleka kokuphila nokulimala: Izikhukhula zibeka ukuphila kwabantu engozini enkulu ngokuminza noma ukushaywa izinto ezindiza nomoya namanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=kaG9arTDOeugptQPmq3GsQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uphiko lokunakekelwa kwemigwaqo nemisele ehamba amanzi emvula, ukukhucululwa kwemihosha nemifula lusungule uhlelo olukholwa ukuthi lungaba yisisombululo enkingeni ebhekene nedolobha yemfucuza embondelene emfuleni eholela ekutheni kuguguleke ingqalasizinda uma kwenzeka kuba nemvula enkulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mjoli|first=Phili|date=2024-09-18|title=Imizamo yokuvikela umonakalo wezikhukhula|url=https://isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/2019-06-28-imizamo-yokuvikela-umonakalo-wezikhukhula/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Isolezwe|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;


IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130742</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:09:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>isihloko esisha</comment>
      <origin>130742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" sha1="ohq7zeq7qe95c90tl5ssqbvgtljuxmh" xml:space="preserve">Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthand esikhathini samanje?</text>
      <sha1>ohq7zeq7qe95c90tl5ssqbvgtljuxmh</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>130743</id>
      <parentid>130742</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:12:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>incazelo ne cite</comment>
      <origin>130743</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="539" sha1="hqz46z1nlfzxcist8kgd4x8bx188fic" xml:space="preserve">Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthand esikhathini samanje?

Imali ayiluthengi uthando lwaqobo, kodwa idlala indima enkulu ekusimamiseni nasekuvuleni amathuba othando esikhathini samanje, Iiali ikhipha ukucindezeleka (stress) emshadweni noma ebudlelwano. Uma kunezikweletu nezinkinga zemali, uthando luvame ukushabalala ngenxa yokulwa njalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=YqW9avjODdKGptQPioe1-Ag|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130745</id>
      <parentid>130743</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:16:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>link</comment>
      <origin>130745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="936" sha1="ajput5bbu1ffpngvue9p1hxhriwjxxp" xml:space="preserve">Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthand esikhathini samanje?

Imali ayiluthengi uthando lwaqobo, kodwa idlala indima enkulu ekusimamiseni nasekuvuleni amathuba othando esikhathini samanje, Iiali ikhipha ukucindezeleka (stress) emshadweni noma ebudlelwano. Uma kunezikweletu nezinkinga zemali, uthando luvame ukushabalala ngenxa yokulwa njalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=YqW9avjODdKGptQPioe1-Ag|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi imali ayilunganga noma ukuthi imali yiyo ebangela zonke izinto ezimbi, Kodwa kulamazwi ajwayelekile athathelwe  eBhayibhelini athi “imali yimpande yesono.” Indlela asetshenziswa ngayo ayisiyo ngoba bawaqalisela phakathi futhi enza kuzwakale angathi imali imbi. Lona iBhayibhili lithi “'''ukuthanda''' imali kuyimpande yazo zonke izono.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ajput5bbu1ffpngvue9p1hxhriwjxxp</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>130746</id>
      <parentid>130745</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:17:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IMITHOMBO</comment>
      <origin>130746</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="955" sha1="eppjfay2aupsng188guovgpy5mn2kta" xml:space="preserve">Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthand esikhathini samanje?

Imali ayiluthengi uthando lwaqobo, kodwa idlala indima enkulu ekusimamiseni nasekuvuleni amathuba othando esikhathini samanje, Iiali ikhipha ukucindezeleka (stress) emshadweni noma ebudlelwano. Uma kunezikweletu nezinkinga zemali, uthando luvame ukushabalala ngenxa yokulwa njalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=YqW9avjODdKGptQPioe1-Ag|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi imali ayilunganga noma ukuthi imali yiyo ebangela zonke izinto ezimbi, Kodwa kulamazwi ajwayelekile athathelwe  eBhayibhelini athi “imali yimpande yesono.” Indlela asetshenziswa ngayo ayisiyo ngoba bawaqalisela phakathi futhi enza kuzwakale angathi imali imbi. Lona iBhayibhili lithi “'''ukuthanda''' imali kuyimpande yazo zonke izono.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ezemidlalo</title>
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        <username>Mthoga</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372102110|Sport]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg|right|thumb|Imidlalo ebuntwaneni. I-Association football, eboniswe ngenhla, iwumdlalo weqembu onikeza namathuba okuqeqesha ukuqina komzimba namakhono okuxhumana.]]


[[Category:Isiko]]
[[Category:Ezemidlalo]]</text>
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        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Mthoga|Mthoga]] ([[User talk:Mthoga|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2998" sha1="eebckf7gvylr65dvnv188z792y0x1qc" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Youth-soccer-indiana.jpg|right|thumb|Imidlalo ebuntwaneni. I-Association football, eboniswe ngenhla, iwumdlalo weqembu onikeza namathuba okuqeqesha ukuqina komzimba namakhono okuxhumana.]]
[[File:London_Marathon_2005_at_Blackfriars.jpg|thumb|I-London Marathon ka-2005: imincintiswano yokugijima, emikhakheni yayo ehlukahlukene, imele uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwezemidlalo.]]
'''Umdlalo'''  wumsebenzi womzimba noma [[umdlalo]],  ngokuvamile umqhudelwano ohlelekile, ogcina noma othuthukisa ikhono nokuqeqesheka komzimba. Imidlalo inganikeza  injabulo kwababambe iqhaza  nokuzijabulisa kwezibukeli. Inani lababambe iqhaza emdlalweni othile lingahluka kusuka emakhulwini abantu kuya kumuntu oyedwa.

Imncintiswano yezemidlalo ingasebenzisa iqembu noma indlela yomuntu oyedwa, futhi ingavuleka, ivumela abadlali abaningi, noma evaliwe, ivimbele ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini athile noma labo abamenyiwe. Imiqhudelwano ingavumela  &quot;ibhande&quot; noma &quot;ukudonsa&quot;, lapho kungekho umnqobi oyedwa; abanye banikeza izindlela zokwephula ibhande ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunomnqobi oyedwa kuphela. Zingahlelwa ngendlela yomncintiswano, zikhiqize umpetha. Amaqembu amaningi ezemidlalo enza umpetha weminyaka yonke ngokuhlela imidlalo ngesikhathi semidlalo ejwayelekile, elandelwa kwezinye izimo ngama-playoffs.

Imidlalo ivamise ukuqondwa njengohlelo lwemisebenzi esekelwe emdlalweni womzimba noma ikhono lomzimba, nemiqhudelwano  emikhulu ivamise ukwamukela kuphela imidlalo ehambisana nale ncazelo. Ezinye izinhlangano, njenge-Council of Europe, azivumi ukubala imisebenzi engenawo nhlobo umkhakha womzimba njengemidlalo. Nokho-ke, kunezinye izindlela zokuncintisana ezingasebenzisi umzimba kakhulu kodwa ezithi ziyimidlalo yengqondo (''mind sports''). I-International Olympic Committee, ephethe ama-Olympic Games, yamukela imidlalo efana ne-Chess kanye ne-Bridge njengemidlalo. I-SportAccord yona ibona imidlalo yengqondo emihlanu: i-Chess, i-Bridge, i-Draughts, i-Go kanye ne-Xiangqi. Kodwa-ke, le nhlangano ibeka umkhawulo enanini lemidlalo yengqondo engabhekwa njengemidlalo esemthethweni.Imidlalo ivamise ukuphathwa yimithetho noma amasiko aqinisekisa ukuncintisana okuhle nokulinganayo. Ukunqoba kunganqunywa ngezinto zomzimba njengokushaya amagoli noma ukufika kuqala entanjeni. Kwezinye izimo, ukunqoba kunqunywa amajaji abheka ukusebenza komdlali, okuhlanganisa izilinganiso eziqondile noma ezingaqondile ,njengobuchwepheshe bokwenza noma umbono wobuciko.

==== Izinhlobo zezemidlalo ====
Ibhola lezinyawo - football

&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo - soccer

&lt;nowiki&gt;**&lt;/nowiki&gt; Ibhola lombhoxo - rugby

Ibhola lomnqakiswano - netball

Ibhola lomphebezo - tennis

Ibhola leqoma - basketball

Ezokusubatha -  athletics

Racing  -  Umjaho

Marathon -  Umbhadulo

Ukubhukuda - swimming

Isibhakela - boxing

Ezokugonyoza - wrestling

Ezokuqunyuza - cricket

Umkhalambazo - karate

Ukungcweka - fencing

Ukucibishela - archery

Ukushesheleza - skating

[[Category:Isiko]]
[[Category:Ezemidlalo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>INhlwanyene</title>
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        <username>Soyiya</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375091436|Papaya]]&quot;</comment>
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Yaqala ukulinywa eMesoamerica, ngaphakathi kwenkathi yanamuhla eningizimu yaseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;morton&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Julia F. |author-link=Julia Morton |year=1987 |title=Fruits of Warm Climates |publisher=[[Purdue University]] Center for New Crops and Plant Products |isbn=978-1-62654-972-2 &lt;!--|access-date=6 February 2026--&gt; |pages=336–346 |chapter=Papaya |chapter-url=https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;frontiers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Chávez-Pesqueira |first=Mariana |last2=Núñez-Farfán |first2=Juan |date=1 December 2017 |title=Domestication and Genetics of Papaya: A Review |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=5 |article-number=155 |bibcode=2017FrEEv...5..155C |doi=10.3389/fevo.2017.00155 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Utshalwa emazweni amaningana ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngo-2024, i-India yayiwumkhiqizi oholayo, ihlanganisa u-36% wesibalo somhlaba.

Igama elithi i''-papaya'' lisuselwa ezilimini zesi-Arawak zase-West Indies, futhi liyigama lesitshalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026|title=Papaya|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/papaya|accessdate=30 May 2026|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laqala ukusetshenziswa ngesiNgisi cishe ngo-1600 mayelana nesithelo nesihlahla.&lt;ref name=&quot;oed&quot; /&gt;

Kwezinye izindawo, njenge-Australia, kungabizwa ngokuthi u''-papaw'' noma u''-pawpaw''. &lt;ref name=&quot;downing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Downing|first=Alison|last2=Atwell|first2=Brian|last3=Marais|first3=Karen|last4=Downin|first4=Kevin|date=9 May 2022|title=Papaya &amp; Pawpaw|url=https://www.mq.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/1215306/Plant-of-the-week-Carica-papaya-Pawpaw-and-Papaya-.pdf|accessdate=30 May 2026|publisher=Macquarie University}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;collins&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026|title=Papaya|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/papaya|accessdate=30 May 2026|publisher=Collins Dictionaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; NgesiNgisi sase-Australia, u''-pawpaw'' kanye no''-papaya'' kumelela izithelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-''Carica papaya'': eyokuqala imelela &quot;izithelo ezinkulu ezinenyama ephuzi&quot; kanti eyesibili imelela &quot;izithelo ezinde kakhulu ezinenyama ebomvu okusawolintshi ogqamile&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;downing&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Soyiya|Soyiya]] ([[User talk:Soyiya|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1497" sha1="kragrcdgjwg5f3n7rlqpd2af5cf0pgk" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Papaya_-_longitudinal_section.jpg|thumb|Ucezu lwenhlwanyene olude]]
'''INhlwanyene,''' (noma '''upopo''') yizitshalo somqhinqo obizwa  '''''iminhlwanyene'''''  ongomunyecwemiqhinqo engama 21 eyamukelwe enzalweni yama Carica emndenini wama [[Caricaceae]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-4000006717|title=''Carica'' L.|date=2026|website=World Flora Online|publisher=World Flora Consortium|access-date=6 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaqala ukutshalwa e[[Mesoamerica]], eningizimu neMexico ezikhathini zamanje kanye naphakathi ne [[IMelika Wenkaba|Melika]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;morton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|page=336–346}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;frontiers&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Domestication and Genetics of Papaya: A Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''INhlwanyene'' kubuye kube igama lesithelo. ngonyaka wezi-2024, izwe lase-India Ilona ebelijamba phambili ekukhiqizeni lesithelo. Igama lesiZulu elithi ''Inhlwanyene'' Umsuka walo waziwa kahle, kodwa livela eqoqweni lamagama aqanjwe uBusisiwe Ngomangwe Mazibuko.

Inhlwanyene iyisitshalo esikhulu esinamakhambi, ngokuvamile esinesiqu esisodwa esikhula kusuka kumamitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi (16 kuya ku-33ft)  ubude, namaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela esontekile aphezulu esiqwini. isiqu esingaphansi sinemigqa ebonakalayo lapho amaqabunga nezithelo kutholakala khona. Amaqabunga makhulu, awu50-70 wamasentimitha  ubukhulu, anamaloba ajulile agxila  ayisikhombisa. Zonke izingxenye zezitshalo ziqukethe [[Intwentshe]] kuma-laticifers ahlanganisiwe.

==Amaphatho==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ikhaya</title>
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        <username>ShanduMm</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376201158|Home]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2027" sha1="e76c0ez3petbas0bgudlvevk82piozz" xml:space="preserve">''''''Ikhaya'''''' noma i-'''domicile''' yindawo esetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala unomphela noma eyingxenye yesikhathi eside yesakhamuzi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezihlukahlukene. Amakhaya anikeza izindawo eziphephile ngokwesibonelo amakamelo lapho imisebenzi yasekhaya ingenziwa khona njengokulala, ukulungiselela ukudla, nokudla, ukuhlanzeka kanye nokunikeza izindawo zokusebenza nokuzilibazisa njengokusebenza kude, ukufunda kanye nokudlala.

Izinhlobo ezingokoqobo zamakhaya zingahlala zimi njengendlu noma ifulethi, ezihambayo njenge-houseboat. I-trailer noma I-yurt noma i-digital njengendawo ye-virtual.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition: Home|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/home|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028105315/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/home|archive-date=28 October 2020|accessdate=29 October 2020|website=Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isici sekhaya singabhekwa ngama-scale kusukela esikalini esincane esibonisa izikhala eziseduze kakhulu, indawo yokuhlala ngayinye kanye nendawo ezungezile eqondile kuya esikalini esikhulu sendawo yezwe njengedolobha, [[Isidlavela|idolobha]], izwe noma [[Umzulane|iplanethi]].

Umqondo wekhaya uye wacwaningwa futhi wacatshangelwa kuzo zonke izifundo, izihloko ezisukela embonweni wekhaya, ingaphakathi, ingqondo yomuntu, isikhala esiphikisanayo kuya  kwezobulili nezepolitiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;mezei&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |date=2012 |title=The Domestic Space Reader |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9664-7 |editor-last=Briganti |editor-first=Chiara |page=6 |jstor=10.3138/j.ctt2ttqbw |editor-last2=Mezei |editor-first2=Kathy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikhaya njengomqondo liyakhula ngaphandle kokuhlala njengoba izindlela zokuphila zanamuhla kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuchaza kabusha indlela abantu bomhlaba wonke bephila futhi basebenze ngayo. Umqondo nokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlanganisa izinto ezinjengokudingiswa, ukulangazelela, ukuhlanganyela, ukukhumbula ekhaya kanye nokungabi nakhaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;mezei&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/ShanduMm|ShanduMm]] ([[User talk:ShanduMm|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:0607206833h|0607206833h]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2841" sha1="fza5batprrr8admbiv7dzlpqet4j820" xml:space="preserve">'''Ikhaya'''

[[File:Beautiful House 2.jpg|thumb|isthombe]]


'''Ikhaya''' indawo esetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala unomphela noma eyingxenye yesikhathi eside yesakhamuzi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezihlukahlukene. Amakhaya anikeza izindawo eziphephile, ngokwesibonelo amakamelo lapho imisebenzi yas'''ekhaya''' ingenziwa khona njengokulala, ukulungiselela ukudla, ukudla nokuhlanzeka kanye nokunikeza izindawo zokusebenza nokuzilibazisa njengokusebenza kude, ukufunda nokudlala.

Izinhlobo ezingokoqobo zamakhaya zingahlala zimi njengendlu noma ifulethi, ezihambayol njengendawo ebonakalayo. Isici 'sekhaya' singabhekwa ngezikali kusukela esikalini esincane esibonisa izikhala eziseduze kakhulu indawo yokuhlala ngayinye kanye nendawo ezungezile eqondile kuya esikalini esikhulu sendawo yezwe njengedolobha, izwe noma iplanethi.

Umqondo 'wekhaya' uye wacwaningwa futhi wacatshangelwa kuzo zonke izifundo, izihloko ezisukela embonweni wekhaya, ingaphakathi, isikhala esiphikisanayo kuya kobulili nezombusazwe. Ikhaya njengomqondo liyakhula ngaphandle kokuhlala njengoba izindlela zokuphila zesimanje kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ichaza kabusha indlela abantu bomhlaba wonke bephila futhi basebenze ngayo. Umqondo nokuhlangenwe nakho kuhlanganisa izinto ezinjengokudingiswa, ukulangazelela, ukuhlanganyela, ukukhumbula ekhaya kanye nokungabi namakhaya.

== Umlando ==
Amakhaya okuqala abantu ababehlala kuwo cishe kwakuyizinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo njengemihume. Kunobufakazi obuningi bezinhlobo zabantu zokuqala ezihlala emihumeni okungenani eminyakeni eyisigidi edlule, kufaka phakathi, eNingizimu Afrika eMhumeni Wezinhliziyo, i-''I-Homo floresiensis'' e-Indonesia, kanye nAmaDenisovan eningizimu yeSiberia.

ENingizimu Afrika, abantu bakuqala babevame ukusebenzisa imigede yasolwandle njengendawo yokukhosela kusukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-180,000 edlule, lapho befunda ukusebenzisa ulwandle okokuqala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene|page=905–908}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indawo endala eyaziwayo yi-PP13B I-Pinnacle Point. Kuyo yonke iningizimu ye-Afrika, e-Australia, naseYurophu, abantu basendulo basebenzisa imihume nezindawo zokukhosela zamadwala njengezindawo zobuciko bamadwala, njengalezo eziseGiants Castle. Imihume efana ne-yaodong eChina yayisetshenziselwa ukucasha eminye imihume eyayisetshenziswa ukungcwaba (njengamathuna aqoshwe emadwaleni) noma njengezindawo zenkolo (njengemihume yamaBuddha). Phakathi kwemihume engcwele eyaziwayo kukhona i-China's Cave of a Thousand Buddhas kanye Imihume engcwele yaseCrete. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka abantu baqala ukwakha izindlu zabo. Izakhiwo ezinjengezindlu ezinde bezisetshenziselwa ukuphila kusukela ekupheleni kweNeolithic.

=== Izinkomba ===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isitimela</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375704845|Train]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1171" sha1="jauxs3dqkyfv8ijgtr8b5e2fyzyyphr" xml:space="preserve">'''Isitimela''' (kususelwa egameni lesi-Old French elithi {{Lang|fro|trahiner}}, lisuka egameni lesi-Latin {{Lang|la|trahere}}, &quot;ukudonsa, ukudweba&quot;) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of ''train (noun)'' in Compact OED|url=http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/train?view=uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050526072449/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/train?view=uk|archive-date=26 May 2005|accessdate=18 March 2008|website=AskOxford.com|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; wchungechunge lwezimoto ezixhumene ezihamba emzileni wesitimela futhi ezithutha abantu noma izimpahla. Izitimela zivame ukudonswa noma ukuphoqelelwa yizitimela (ngokuvamile ezaziwa nje ngokuthi &quot;izinjini&quot;), yize ezinye zizishayela, njengama-unit amaningi noma ama-railcars. Abagibeli nemithwalo kuthwalwa ngezinqola zesitimela, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinqola noma izinqola. Izitimela ziklanyelwe isilinganiso esithile, noma ibanga phakathi kojantshi. Izitimela eziningi zisebenza emzileni wensimbi onamasondo ensimbi, okuhlikihla okuphansi kwawo kuwenza zisebenze kangcono kunezinye izinhlobo zokuthutha. Amazwe amaningi asebenzisa izinto zokuhamba ngesitimela.</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Soyiya|Soyiya]] ([[User talk:Soyiya|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Mahlathamnyama|Mahlathamnyama]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3892" sha1="o4pxko033ehwo7y7vlil7qs0595m7j2" xml:space="preserve">{{Multiple image|image1=X'trapolis Mega on Kalk Bay bridge Dec 2023.jpg|caption1=Isithabathaba sesitimela esibizwa i-Xtrapolis kaMetrorail [[iNtshonalanga Kapa|eNtshonalanga Kapa]] esithwala abagibeli futhi esakhiwe [[eNingizimu Afrika]]}}

'''Isitimela''' (esivela egameni [[IsiNgisi|lesiNgisi]] &quot;steam&quot;)  iwuchungechunge [[Isithuthi|lwezithuthi]] ezixhunyiwe ezigijima emzileni wesitimela futhi zithutha abantu noma impahla. Izitimela zivame ukwakheka ngezinqola lapho impahla nabantu bahlala khona [[Isilumbamdiki|nesilumbamdiki]] esidonsa noma esisunduza lezozinqola. Esikhathini samanje, kwenzeka ukuthi izinqola zikhone ukuziqhuba ngokwazo. Ububanzi besitimela buhleleke ukubangaphakathi kwemigqa emibili yomzila wesitimela.  Izitimela eziningi zisebenza emizileni yensimbi enamasondo ensimbi, ukungqubuzana okuphansi okuzenza zisebenze kahle kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zentutho. Amazwe amaningi asebenzisa ezokuthutha ngesitimela.

Izitimela zisuka ezindleleni zezinqola, ezazihamba emizileni ehlelekile futhi zaziqhutshwa [[Ihhashi|amahhashi]] noma zidonswa ngezintambo. Ngemva kwokuqanjwa [[Isilumbamdiki somusi|kwesilumbamdiki somusi]] [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|eMbusweni Ohlangeneyo]] ngo-1802, izitimela zasakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke, okuvumela izimpahla nabagibeli ukuba bahambe ezweni ngokushesha nangokushibhile kunanini ngaphambili. Izinhlelo zokuhamba ezisheshayo kanye nezamathramu zaqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800 ukuze zithuthe inani elikhulu labantu emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezizungeze amadolobha. Kusukela ngawo-1920, kanye nokusheshisa ngemva kweMpi Yomhlabawonke Yesibili, [[Isilumbamdiki|izilumbamdiki]] [[Umbani|zombani]] zathatha indawo yezomusi njenhlobo yokuqhuba enamandla. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto, amaloli, kanye nezinhleloxhumana ezinkulu zemigwaqo ephezulu ayenikeza ukuhamba nokuqhuba okukhulu, kanye [[Inqabakundiza|nezindiza]] ezisheshayo, kwezinye izizwe izitimela zehla ngokubaluleka kanye nesabelo semakethe, futhi imizila eminingi yezitimela yalaxazwa. Ukusakazeka kwamabhasi kwaholela ekuvalweni kwezinhlelo eziningi zokuhamba okusheshayo kanye nezamathramu kulesikhathi.

Kusukela ngawo-1970, ohulumeni, abakhankaseli bokulondoloza imvelo, kanye nabakhulumeli bezitimela baye bakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezitimela kwandisiwe ngenxa yokuzala imvuzo eningi kanye nomkhiqizo omncane eentuthu ezala ukushisa kwobhakabhaka uma kuqhathaniswa [[Amafuthetshe|amafutha]] nezinsiza ezinye ezizisebenzisayo nezinye izinhlobo zentutho zokuhamba emhlabeni. Isitimela esinejubane eliphezulu, esakhiwa okokuqala ngawo-1960, siye sabonakala sincintisana nezimoto nezindiza ezinkambeni ezimfushane kuya kwezingaphakathi ngobude. Inkambo ngokesitimela sabagibeli iye yakhula ngokubaluleka kusukela ngawo-1970 njengendikimba ehlukile esikhundleni semigwaqo egcwele mfi ngenxa yexuku lezimotho eziningi kanye nendlela yokukhuthaza intuthuko, njengoba kwenziwe yisitimela esincane ekhulwini lama-21. Izitimela zempahla zisabalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ezinkulu ezifana namalahle nokusanhlamvu, kanye nokunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto emgwaqweni okubangelwa amaloli empahla.

Nakuba izitimela ezivamile zisebenzisa imizila eyisicaba ezinemigqa wezitimela emibili, izitimela eziningi ezikhethekile zisebenza ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu. Kukhona imigqaminye eyinhlobo yezitimela ezihamba emzileni womugqa owodwa, kuyilapho amafunikolare kanye nezitimela ezibekwe eceleni zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuwela izintaba eziphakeme. Izitimela ezisacwaningwa ezifana namantantawongelweni (ama-maglev) asheshayo, antanta emoyeni [[Ubuwonga|ngobuwonga]] ngaphezu komzila ongumhlahlandlela, bezilokhu zithuthukiswa kusukela ngawo-1970 futhi zingafinyelela esivinini esiphezulu ngisho nakwezitimela ezivamile ezisheshayo. Izitimela ezisebenzisa izivuthisi ezihlukile [[UHowo|njengohowo]] wemvelo kanye [[IHwanzi|nehwanzi]] ziyintuthuko yekhulu lama-21.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lerato Nxumalo</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Early life&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376743036|Lerato Nxumalo]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox person|name=Lerato Nxumalo|image=|caption=|birth_name=Lerato Nxumalo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1999|02|9}}|education=[[University of the Witwatersrand]]|birth_place=[[Durban, KwaZulu-Natal]], South Africa|occupation={{hlist|Actress|influencer|content creator|entrepreneur}}|height=1.68 m|years_active=2017{{ndash}}present|notable_works={{ubl|''[[Durban Gen]]''|''[[Scandal!]]''}}}}'''ULerato Nxumalo''' (owazalwa ngomhlaka-9 kuNhlolanja 1999) ungumlingisi waseNingizimu Afrika, umuntu onethonya, [[Usaziwayo woxhakaxholo|umdali wokuqukethwe]] kanye nosomabhizinisi . Waziwa kakhulu ngezindima zakhe ezivelele ezinhlelweni ezidumile [[E.tv|ku-E.tv]] soapie opera i- ''[[Durban Gen]]'' (2020) njengoDkt Ndabezinhle Luthuli kanye ne ''[[Scandal! (Umdlalo)|-Scandal!]]'' (2023) njengoPhakamile. Ungumsunguli we-blaHoody kanye ne-By Lovely Suites.

== Isiqalo Sempilo ==
UNxumalo wazalelwa futhi wakhulela [[ITheku|eThekwini]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]], eNingizimu Afrika emndenini wamaZulu kanye nabeSuthu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-07-07|title=Who Is Actress Lerato Nxumalo?|url=https://www.safrolebs.com/lerato-nxumalo-biography-aka-mpumi-cele-from-lingashoni/|accessdate=2025-11-17|website=Southern African Celebs|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waya e-[[University of the Witwatersrand]] lapho athola khona iziqu ezikhethekile zefilimu nethelevishini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Get to know Lerato Nxumalo|url=https://ezweninews.co.za/lerato-nxumalo-biography/|accessdate=2025-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umsebenzi ==
UNxumalo waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-2017 ngemuva kokuvela ekukhangiseni kuka-Edgar's and Aero ngo-2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sekhu|first=Katlego|date=2024-10-30|title=Actress Lerato Nxumalo announces she's off the market as she shows off engagement ring|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2024-10-30-actress-lerato-nxumalo-announces-shes-off-the-market-as-she-shows-off-engagement-ring/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=TimesLIVE|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wenza indima yakhe yokuqala yethelevishini ku-''[[Durban Gen|I-Durban Gen]]'' edlala indima eyinhloko kaDkt Ndabezinhle Luthuli kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Muzavazi|date=2021-04-15|title=Lerato Nxumalo exits “Durban Gen”|url=https://zwnews.com/lerato-nxumalo-exits-durban-gen/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Bafana Bafana Latest News Update|language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nteyi|first=Zama|title=Dr Zinhle Luthuli leaves Durban Gen!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/dr-zinhle-luthuli-leaves-durban-gen-20210414|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wavela ku-1Magic telenovela kumdlalo ''ILingashoni'' njengoMpumi Cele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Seleme|first=Rae|date=2022-10-03|title='23 and first-time homeowner': 'Lingashoni' actress Lerato Nxumalo|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/durban-gen-homeowner-lingashoni-actress-lerato-nxumalo-3-october-2022/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mthethwa|first=Thandeka|date=2022-12-07|title='Can't wait to heal': 'Lingashoni' actress Lerato gets BBL in Turkey|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/lerato-nxumalo-lingashoni-actress-brazilian-butt-lift-turkey-7-december-2022/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wandisa umsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumdlali ngo-2023, ngenkathi edlala indima eyinhloko ku-E.tv soapie opera Scandal! njengePhakamile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Langa|first=Jabulani|title=Another big blow for Scandal!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/scandal-sees-major-cast-changes-as-melusi-mbele-and-lerato-nxumalo-exit-20240622|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zuma|first=Mbalenhle|date=2023-04-18|title=Lerato Nxumalo joins 'Scandal!' as Phakamile the mystery sister|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/celebrity-news/lerato-nxumalo-joins-scandal-as-phakamile-the-mystery-sister/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-2024, uNxumalo wagxila emsebenzini wakhe wokwakha okuqukethwe kwemithombo yezokuxhumana futhi wathatha ikhefu ekudlaleni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zuma|first=Mbalenhle|date=2024-06-14|title=Playing Phakamile has been such a beautiful experience – Nxumalo|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/celebrity-news/playing-phakamile-has-been-such-a-beautiful-experience-nxumalo/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Sunday World|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sekhu|first=Katlego|date=2024-10-30|title=Durban Gen actress Lerato Nxumalo is officially off the market|url=https://www.kaya959.co.za/entertainment/durban-gen-actress-lerato-nxumalo-is-officially-off-the-market/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=KAYA 959|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moroeng|first=Moroba|date=2025-06-13|title=Former ’Scandal!” Actress Lerato Nxumalo Works as a Packer at a Grocery Store - Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/entertainment/celebrities/217861-former-scandal-actress-lerato-nxumalo-works-a-packer-a-grocery-store/|accessdate=2025-11-17|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-2025, njengamanje udlala indima eyinhloko emdlalweni womculo we-Mzansi Magic i-''UGenesise'' njengo-Owethu Hlope futhi udlala indima kaBarbie ochungechungeni lwethelevishini lwezigebengu lwe-[[Netflix|I-Netflix]] i-Bad Influencer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tleane|first=Lebo|date=2025-05-12|title=Lerato Nxumalo Returns to Acting With A New Role|url=https://youthvillage.co.za/2025/05/lerato-nxumalo-returns-to-acting-with-a-new-role/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Youth Village|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chiraag|date=2025-10-16|title=Lerato Nxumalo Lands Netflix Role and Hits YouTube Milestone|url=https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/lerato-nxumalo-netflix-youtube-milestone/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=Bona Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moroeng|first=Moroba|date=2025-10-16|title=Actress Lerato Nxumalo Celebrates Netflix Role and YouTube Milestone – Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/entertainment/celebrities/226659-actress-lerato-nxumalo-celebrates-netflix-role-youtube-milestone/|accessdate=2025-11-11|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Eminye imisebenzi ==
NgoJulayi 2025, uNxumalo wethula uhlobo lwakhe lwemfashini oluthi &quot;blaHoody&quot;, olugxile ekugqokeni ama-hoodies akhululekile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hlalane|first=Reabetswe|date=2025-07-04|title=Lerato Nxumalo Launches Cozy Hoodie Brand 'blaHoody' and Thanks Fans for Support|url=https://okmzansi.co.za/lerato-nxumalo-launches-cozy-hoodie-brand-blahoody-and-thanks-fans-for-support/|accessdate=2025-11-17|website=OkMzansi|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mkhiqizo wathola ugqozi emlandweni wakhe futhi ikakhulukazi ibhizinisi Lokuba kwi inthanethi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moroeng|first=Moroba|date=2025-07-06|title=Former 'Scandal!' Actress Lerato Nxumalo Launches New Clothing Business - Briefly.co.za|url=https://briefly.co.za/entertainment/celebrities/219416-former-scandal-actress-lerato-nxumalo-launches-clothing-business/|accessdate=2025-11-17|website=briefly.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoJulayi 2026, wasungula i-salon yakhe yobuhle i-By Lovely Suites [[Midrand|eseMidrand]], njengoba ethi iyisikhungo sakhe sokuqala sokuthenga esibonakalayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Phayane|first=Nthabeleng|date=2026-07-27|title=Lerato Nxumalo shares business ambitions, starting with a new beauty salon|url=https://www.news24.com/truelove/celebrity/lerato-nxumalo-shares-business-ambitions-starting-with-a-new-beauty-salon-20260727-0978|accessdate=2026-07-27|website=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuphila Siqu Sakhe ==
UNxumalo uthembisene umshado nendoda yakhe eyimfihlakalo yaseSweden eyayilokhu ivela icashile kuma-vilogi akhe nasezinkundl` zokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gaanakgomo|first=Compiled by Constance|title='Becoming Mrs LP': Former Scandal! actor Lerato Nxumalo announces she's engaged to her mystery man|url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/becoming-mrs-lp-former-scandal-actor-lerato-nxumalo-announces-shes-engaged-to-her-mystery-man-20241030|accessdate=2025-11-25|website=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lo mbhangqwana wabopha i-knot ngasekupheleni kuka-September 2025 nabangane abambalwa nomndeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tlhoaele|first=Kgalalelo|title=Wedding fever: Three stars say I do, I do!|url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/mzansi-celebrities-lerato-nxumalo-and-rapulana-seiphemo-celebrate-beautiful-weekend-weddings-20250929|accessdate=2025-11-25|website=Daily Sun|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lerato Nxumalo says 'I Do' in an intimate wedding ceremony|url=https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/weddings/lerato-nxumalo-says-i-do-in-an-intimate-wedding-ceremony-58c83be3-fbd1-4ead-8930-38e883c6a2d9|accessdate=2025-11-25|website=www.glamour.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuthwebula Amafilimu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Isihloko
!Indima
!Amaphuzu
|-
|2020
|''[[Durban Gen|I-Durban Gen]]''
|UDkt Ndabezinhle Luthuli
|Indima eyinhloko, isizini 1
|-
|2021
|''ILingashoni''
|I-Mpumi Cele
|Indima yokusekela, isizini 1 no-2
|-
|2023
|''[[Scandal! (Umdlalo)|Ihlazo!]]''
|I-Phakamile
|Indima eyinhloko
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2025
|''UGenesise''
|I-Hlophe
|Indima yokusekela, isizini 1
|-
|''Ithonya Elibi''
|UBarbie
|Indima eyinhloko, isizini 1
|-
|}

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==

[[Category:Abantu amaZulu]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

== Impilo Ekukhuleni kwakhe ==

uNxumalo wazalelwa futhi wakhulela endaweni yase  [[ITheku|Thekwini]], [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natal]], eNingizimu Afrika emndenini wa[[AmaZulu|maZulu]] namaSotho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-07-07|title=Who Is Actress Lerato Nxumalo?|url=https://www.safrolebs.com/lerato-nxumalo-biography-aka-mpumi-cele-from-lingashoni/|accessdate=2025-11-17|website=Southern African Celebs|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waya e-[[University of the Witwatersrand]] lapho athola khona iziqu ezikhethekile zefilimu nethelevishini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Get to know Lerato Nxumalo|url=https://ezweninews.co.za/lerato-nxumalo-biography/|accessdate=2025-11-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>izcpfmszijjdlztpt8znld8ux2kwx2z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Draft 8</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35661</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130326</id>
      <parentid>130177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T13:43:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Laydeee99</username>
        <id>25502</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngibhale i athikili ngafaka nezinkomba nesithombe</comment>
      <origin>130326</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2710" sha1="6chx0lwcvq27ea157fedie2eew07edl" xml:space="preserve">= Izimpelesi =
[[File:Bride with her bridesmaids posing for a photo session before the church service rites.jpg|thumb|Izimpelesi]]
Impelesi ngumuntu ocelwe ukuba abe yingxenye yomshado. Mayelana nokuthi obani izimpelesi, ngokuvamile bangabantu ababaluleke kakhulu emjikelezweni wabathandiweyo balabo abazoshada, njengabangane abakhulu noma izihlobo (odadewabo, abalamu, njalonjalo). Bayingxenye yethimba lomshado. Nokuvamile elihlanganisa impelesi enkulu ( maid or matron of honour), usihlalo wensizwa(best man), abakhaphi bomkhwenyana nezinye izinceku ezikhethwe ngabashadile. Izimpelesi zisiza ekuhleleni nasekuletheni imicimbi eyandulela umshado, bami phambi kwe-altare phakathi nomshado, futhi basize ngeminye imisebenzi yomshado njengoba kudingeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=All the Bridesmaid Duties to Know Before, During and After the Wedding Day |url=https://www.theknot.com/content/bridesmaids-duties-in-detail |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260925004449/https://www.theknot.com/content/bridesmaids-duties-in-detail |archive-date=2026-09-25 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=theknot.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impelesi enkulu kuba iyona esiza kakhulu emshadweni ikakhulukazi kwizinto ezibhekene nomakoti.Kungakhathalisekile ukuthi kuseyisikhathi sokuqala sempelesi kulendima noma ukuthi senikwenzile lokhu ngaphambilini, nansi imininingwane yemisebenzi ebalilekile kakhulu yempelesi ngosuku lomshado. Ukuvuka ulungele usuku lomshado kubalulekile kakhulu njengomshado uqobo lwawo , akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi yisikhathi esihle sokusiza umakoti ukuba anqobe ukwethuka, kodwa futhi kuyithuba elijabulisayo ukuthi iqembu liqale usuku ngenothi elilungile. Impelesi cishe kulindeleke ukuthi alindele ukuhamba neqembu lezimpelesi kanye nabanye abathandekayo, Njengentombazane yezimbali(flower girl), umama kamakoti kanye/noma umama kamkhwenyana kufanele ahlele ukuvuka ekuseni kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma enziwa izinwele kanye ne-make up ngongoti. Izinwele ne-make up kungathatha ihora elilodwa noma amabili kumuntu ngamunye futhi wonke umuntu udinga ukudla, ukugqoka, nokuthatha izithombe ngaphambi kokuba umshado uqale. uma kubhekwa usuku lomshado impelesi enkulu kumeleipakishe isikhwama esinazo zonke izinto zakhe ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise nezingubo zakhe, izinsiza, kanye ne-kit yezimo eziphuthumayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=All the Bridesmaid Duties to Know Before, During and After the Wedding Day |url=https://www.theknot.com/content/bridesmaids-duties-in-detail |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260925004449/https://www.theknot.com/content/bridesmaids-duties-in-detail |archive-date=2026-09-25 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=theknot.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Izinkomba =
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6chx0lwcvq27ea157fedie2eew07edl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Draft 9</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130346</id>
      <parentid>130180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T14:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Laydeee99</username>
        <id>25502</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngibhale i athikili ngabantu nbama khoisan</comment>
      <origin>130346</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3256" sha1="fnbsbazs59k0wtjcfii2mdkhww1uhq5" xml:space="preserve">= Khoisan =
[[File:The khoisan San or Sarwa people.jpg|thumb|khoisan]]
AmaKhoisan abantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika, aziwa kabanzi njengenye yamalungu abantu amadala emhlabeni. Igama lihlanganisa amaqembu amabili ahlukene: amaKhoekhoe (ababeziyizinkomo ngokomlando) namaSan (abazingela futhi beza nokuqoqayo). Ubufakazi bokuzalana bubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukana phakathi komugqa wamaKhoisan nabanye abantu besimanje kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-90,000 edlule, kubenza bahlale nokuba nezimpande ezijulile kakhulu emlandweni wabantu.Noma igama elithi “Khoisan” lisetshenziswa njengelilodwa, empeleni lichaza amaqembu amabili ahlukene ngomkhuba abahlala kuwo kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika, eNamibia, eBotswana, e-Angola, nakwamanye amazwe aseduze izinkulungwane zeminyaka.AmaSan ayengabazingeli-nabaculi bokuqala eNingizimu Afrika. Babehlala ezindaweni zobhavu, bedoba izilwane, beqoqa izitshalo zasendle, futhi behlela izimpilo zabo ngezikhulu zomndeni ezibekelwe. Umphakathi wamaSan wawulingana kakhulu: wonke umuntu wayedoba, wonke umuntu wayeqa izithelo, futhi ukudla kwakuhlaliswe phakathi kweqembu. Akekho owawubhekwa njengecebile kunomunye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-03-15|title=Who Are the Khoisan? Africa’s Oldest Indigenous People|url=https://scienceinsights.org/who-are-the-khoisan-africas-oldest-indigenous-people/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=ScienceInsights|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-Khoekhoe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakuyizilimi zenkunzi nezimvu. Babegcina izimvu nezinkomo, bephila emakhampasi, futhi babala ingcebo ngokubala kwezilwane umuntu anazo. Izilwane zazibonisa isikhundla, futhi abantu be-Khoekhoe kwesinye isikhathi babefaka amafutha ezilwaneni emaqakaleni abo njengokubonisa ingcebo. Umphakathi wabo wawunezigaba ezicacile zomnotho, phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu. Ngokungafani neSan, i-Khoekhoe yayingakhethanga umholi oyedwa kodwa zazihlela ngokukhululeka. Naphezu kwalezi zinto ezehluka, lezi zinhlanga ezimbili bezihlala endaweni efanayo futhi zazinezinto ezifanayo zamasiko esaneziqoqo esizungezayo, okwenza abanye abantu bavame ukuzibona ndawonye. Izilimi zeKhoisan zaziwa ngamazwi azo okuchofoza, umsindo okhona emindenini embalwa yezilimi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuchofoza kudalwa ngokubamba umoya phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili okuxhumana emlonyeni bese kukhishwa ukuvaleka kwangaphambili ukudala umsindo oqinile osheshayo. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zokuchofoza zenziwa ngokushintsha ukuthi ukuvaleka kwangaphambili kukuphi: ngemuva kwamazinyo, ophahleni lomlomo, noma ohlangothini lolimi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Iqembu lezilimi zeKhoisan lihlanganisa imindeni eminingi ehlukene, phakathi kwazo imindeni yeKhoekhoe neTuu. Izilimi zomndeni weTuu zivame ukuba nezinqolobane ezinkulu kakhulu zamazwi okuchofoza, ezinokuhlukahluka okuningi nokuhlanganiswa kunezinye izilimi zeKhoisan. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqukethe ukuhlanganiswa okungavamile, njengokuchofoza okukhiqiza umsindo omibili ohlukene, owodwa ophuma ekuvuleni kwangaphambili nowesibili ophuma ekuvuleni okujulile esifonyweni. Lawa ma-click amabili abizwa ngokuthi ama-double-burst akwajwayelekile ngisho nakwizilimi ezichofoza. Izilimi zeKhoekhoe nazo zinezakhiwo zokuchofoza futhi ngokuvamile zichazwa njengezinokuthi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

= Izinkomba =
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fnbsbazs59k0wtjcfii2mdkhww1uhq5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>*Draft 6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130293</id>
      <parentid>130275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:05:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soyiya</username>
        <id>25421</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1453" sha1="qv5ocht4c3lniphcdnjpqw9758an3wb" xml:space="preserve">'''De Hogeweyk'''


Indawo ese Weesp eNetherland eyakhelwe abantu abanesifo sokukhohlwa. Yisikhungo sokunakekela sase Hogeweyk. Savulwa ngoZibandlela kunyaka ka 2009. IDe Hogewey indawo efana nekhaya kubantu abanesifo sokukhohlwa futhi esebenzayo kunezindawo zokunakekela asebekhulile. Izakhamuzi zihlala endaweni ebonisa indlela yazo yokuphila yangaphambilini ukuze kwehle ukukhathazeka nesidingo samaphilisi. Lesi sikhungu sijwayele ukubizwa ngekhaya labantu abanesifo sokukhohlwa &quot;Dimentia village&quot;. Lakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi libukeke njengamakhaya ajwayelekile. Abanakekeli nabasizi bezitolo nabasebenzi bagqoka izingubo ezijwayelekile futhi baqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile ukuzosekela abantu abanesifo sokukhohlwa. Lendawo ivumela izakhamuzi ukuthi zihambe njengenjwayelo futhi ziphephe lokho kwehlisa ukukhathazeka nezinga lokuthatha amaphilisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What we do - Be Advice (founders of The Hogeweyk)|url=https://www.bethecareconcept.com/en/what-we-do/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Be Advice EN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Inkomba ==
1.https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/440-dementia-villages-rethinking-dementia-care/60426A0F6DF2562A18168A478FCA5767&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What we do - Be Advice (founders of The Hogeweyk)|url=https://www.bethecareconcept.com/en/what-we-do/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Be Advice EN|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2.https://www.bethecareconcept.com/en/what-we-do/</text>
      <sha1>qv5ocht4c3lniphcdnjpqw9758an3wb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Pononoza/Draft6</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>35688</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130294</id>
      <parentid>130292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:05:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130294</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1954" sha1="4v7ik2l5f61qht35fioothk91mmor0x" xml:space="preserve">Isikhwama
[[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]]
'''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=artsandculture.google.com|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhwama.Kukhona izikhwama zesikole, [[izikhwama]] zokuthenga, izikhwama zokuhamba, izikhwama zabesifazane, ojosaka kanye nezikhwama zemali. Isikhwama sesikole sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabafundi ukuthwala izincwadi, amapeni, amabhuku omsebenzi nezinye izinto zesikole.Ojosaka nabo bayasiza ngoba umuntu angakwazi ukuthwala izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Brief History of Bags and Purses {{!}} Hampshire Cultural Trust Online Collections|url=https://collections.hampshireculture.org.uk/topic/brief-history-bags-and-purses|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=collections.hampshireculture.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izikhwama bezisetshenziswa abantu kusukela kudala. Izikhwama zakudala zazenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane, ukotini noma imicu yezitshalo.Zazisetshenziswa ukuthwala ukudla, amathuluzi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama sidlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthwala izinto.

Namuhla isikhwama asisona nje into yokuthwala izinto kuphela, kodwa sesiphinde saba yingxenye yemfashini. Abantu bakhetha izikhwama ezinemibala, izimo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze zihambisane nezingubo zabo. Izikhwama ezithile zingaba uphawu lwesitayela somuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2026-09-18 |title=Handbag |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handbag&amp;oldid=1375552008 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Isikwama]]</text>
      <sha1>4v7ik2l5f61qht35fioothk91mmor0x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130302</id>
      <parentid>130294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:36:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130302</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1951" sha1="06dsiif2b5dt9r9c7t2xmjtcxgfk7hb" xml:space="preserve">Isikhwama
[[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]]
'''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=artsandculture.google.com|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhwama.Kukhona izikhwama zesikole, [[izikhwama]] zokuthenga, izikhwama zokuhamba, izikhwama zabesifazane, ojosaka kanye nezikhwama zemali. Isikhwama sesikole sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabafundi ukuthwala izincwadi, amapeni, amabhuku omsebenzi nezinye izinto zesikole.Ojosaka nabo bayasiza ngoba umuntu angakwazi ukuthwala izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Brief History of Bags and Purses {{!}} Hampshire Cultural Trust Online Collections|url=https://collections.hampshireculture.org.uk/topic/brief-history-bags-and-purses|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=collections.hampshireculture.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izikhwama bezisetshenziswa abantu kusukela kudala. Izikhwama zakudala zazenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane, ukotini noma imicu yezitshalo.Zazisetshenziswa ukuthwala ukudla, amathuluzi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama sidlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthwala izinto.

Namuhla isikhwama asisona nje into yokuthwala izinto kuphela, kodwa sesiphinde saba yingxenye yemfashini. Abantu bakhetha izikhwama ezinemibala, izimo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze zihambisane nezingubo zabo. Izikhwama ezithile zingaba uphawu lwesitayela somuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2026-09-18 |title=Handbag |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handbag&amp;oldid=1375552008 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Zonke]]</text>
      <sha1>06dsiif2b5dt9r9c7t2xmjtcxgfk7hb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft 3</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>35689</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130296</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T12:15:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nxangiphililenzima</username>
        <id>25430</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */  ngibhale ngokuhleka</comment>
      <origin>130296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3228" sha1="hsh0e9g4qawvyap71f0ss1ynhm63uz7" xml:space="preserve">Ukuhleka 

= Ukuhleka =
'''Ukuhleka''' yindlela yokuziphatha nokukhuluma ngemizwa lapho umuntu ekhipha imisindo ethile, ngokuvamile ehambisana nokunyakaza kwemisipha yobuso nomzimba. Ukuhleka kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuhlekisa, injabulo nokuzijabulisa, kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kungasetshenziswa nangokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukunciphisa ukungezwani nokwakha ubudlelwano bomphakathi.

== Imisebenzi yokuhleka ==
Ukuhleka kunemisebenzi eminingi. Enye yezibaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nabanye abantu. Abantu bavame ukuhleka ngesikhathi bexoxa noma behlanganyela nabanye, ngisho nalapho kungekho ihlaya eliqondile. Ukuhleka kungabonisa ubungane, ukuvumelana, uthando noma ukuzama ukwenza isimo sibe lula.

Ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi ukuhleka kungasiza ekwakheni '''ubudlelwano bomphakathi (social bonding)'''. Ucwaningo olwenziwa nguRobin Dunbar nabanye abacwaningi luthole ukuthi ukuhleka kungahambisana nokusebenza kohlelo lwama-endorphin ebuchosheni futhi kwandise umuzwa wokusondelana phakathi kwabantu abahleka ndawonye.

== Ukuhleka nobuchopho ==
Ukuhleka kuhilela izinhlelo eziningi zobuchopho futhi kungaba okuzenzakalelayo noma okulawulwa ngumuntu. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroscience luhlukanisa phakathi kokuhleka okuvela ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yemizwa kanye nokuhleka umuntu angakwenza ngenhloso njengengxenye yokuxhumana nabanye.

Ukuhleka okuzenzakalelayo kungaba nzima ukukulawula, kanti ukuhleka kokuxhumana kungasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuphendula komunye umuntu noma ukugcina ingxoxo iqhubeka.

== Ukuhleka nokuxhumana komphakathi ==
Ukuhleka akusho ukuthi umuntu ujabule ngaso sonke isikhathi. Incazelo yokuhleka ingancika kakhulu esimweni lapho kwenzeka khona, ebudlelwaneni babantu abahilelekile kanye nezinye izimpawu zokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, ukuhleka okufanayo kungase kuqondwe ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngesimo.

Ukuhleka kubonakala nakwezinye izilwane, ikakhulukazi ezinkawini ezinkulu. Abacwaningi baye baphakamisa ukuthi ukuhleka kwabantu kungase kube nomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ohlobene nokuziphatha kokudlala nokwakha ubudlelwano kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

== Ukuvela kokuhleka ==
Indlela ukuhleka okwenzeka ngayo ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo iseyisihloko socwaningo. U-Dunbar uphakamise ukuthi ukuhleka kwabantu kungase kube kwaqala njengendlela yokwakha ubudlelwano emaqenjini amakhulu abantu, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi sokuvela kohlobo lwe-''Homo'' cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2,5 edlule. Lokhu kuyisiphakamiso sesayensi, hhayi iqiniso eliqinisekiswe ngokuphelele.

== Ucwaningo lwesimanje ==
Ucwaningo lwamanje lubheka ukuhleka ngokusebenzisa imikhakha efana ne-psychology, neuroscience, anthropology kanye ne-evolutionary biology. Abacwaningi basafunda ukuthi izindawo ezahlukene zobuchopho zibamba iqhaza kanjani ekukhiqizeni nasekuqondeni ukuhleka, nokuthi kungani ukuhleka kuvame &quot;ukuthelelana&quot; phakathi kwabantu.

== Imithombo ==

* [Ucwaningo: ''Laughter and its role in the evolution of human social bonding''] PMC / Royal Society research article
* [Ucwaningo: ''The social life of laughter''] PubMed
* [Ucwaningo: ''Laughter influences social bonding but not prosocial generosity''] PLOS ONE
* [Ucwaningo: ''The neural basis of laughter''] ScienceDirect</text>
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= Ukuthandaza =
'''Ukuthandaza''' kuyisenzo sokuxhumana noNkulunkulu noma namanye amandla angcwele ngokusebenzisa amazwi, imicabango, izingoma, ukuzindla noma ezinye izindlela zokukhulekela. Ukuthandaza kuyisiko elitholakala ezinkolweni eziningi emhlabeni wonke, nakuba izindlela, izinhloso nezincazelo zako zehluka ngokwenkolo nangokwesiko.

== Incazelo ==
Umuntu angathandaza ngenhloso yokucela usizo, ukubonga, ukucela intethelelo, ukudumisa uNkulunkulu, noma ukuveza izifiso nemizwa yakhe. Ukuthandaza kungaba okwenziwa umuntu eyedwa noma kwenziwe iqembu labantu. Kungase kwenziwe endaweni yokukhonzela, ekhaya noma kwenye indawo.

== Ukuthandaza ezinkolweni ezahlukene ==

=== UbuKristu ===
KubuKristu, ukuthandaza kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphila ngokwenkolo. AmaKristu angathandaza ngawodwana noma ndawonye, futhi imithandazo ingaba ebhalwe phansi noma eyenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. '''Umthandazo WeNkosi'''ungomunye wemithandazo eyaziwa kakhulu ebuKristwini futhi uvela ezindabeni zeVangeli likaMathewu.

'''Bheka futhi:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuKristu]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Umthandazo WeNkosi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[IBhayibheli]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

=== UbuSulumane ===
KubuSulumane, umthandazo wesiko ubizwa ngokuthi '''salah''' noma '''salat'''. AmaSulumane enza imithandazo emihlanu ebekelwe izikhathi ezithile ngosuku. I-salah ihlanganisa izenzo ezithile ezifana nokuma, ukuguqa nokukhothama, futhi kwenziwa kubheke eKaaba eMecca.

'''Bheka futhi:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuSulumane]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Salah]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Dua]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Mecca]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

=== UbuJuda ===
KubuJuda, ukuthandaza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhulekela. Kunezikhathi ezithile zemithandazo yansuku zonke, futhi imithandazo ingathandazwa umuntu eyedwa noma emphakathini. Incwadi yemithandazo yamaJuda ibizwa ngokuthi '''siddur'''.

'''Bheka futhi:''' &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuJuda]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Jewish prayer]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; · &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Siddur]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

=== Ezinye izinkolo ===
Izindlela zokuthandaza noma imikhuba efana nokuthandaza ziyatholakala nakwezinye izinkolo, kuhlanganise &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuHindu]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuBuddha]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuSikh]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; nezinye izinkolelo. Izindlela zokukhulekela zingahlanganisa ukucula, ukuphindaphinda amazwi noma imisho engcwele, ukuzindla kanye nezenzo zomzimba.

== Izinhlobo zokuthandaza ==
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuthandaza, kuye ngenhloso yomthandazo:

* '''Umthandazo wokudumisa''' — ukudumisa nokuhlonipha uNkulunkulu.
* '''Umthandazo wokubonga''' — ukubonga ngezinto umuntu azitholile noma azibonile empilweni.
* '''Umthandazo wokucela''' — ukucela usizo, ukuvikelwa noma ukuholwa.
* '''Umthandazo wokucela intethelelo''' — ukuvuma amaphutha nokucela ukuthethelelwa.
* '''Umthandazo wokunxusela abanye''' — ukuthandazela abanye abantu noma izimo ezithile.

== Ukuthandaza emphakathini ==
Ukuthandaza ndawonye kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemiphakathi yezenkolo. Imithandazo yomphakathi ingaba yingxenye yezinkonzo, imikhosi noma eminye imihlangano yezenkolo. KubuKristu, isibonelo, imithandazo ingaba eyomphakathi noma eyomuntu ngamunye.

== Ukubaluleka kokuthandaza ==
Kubantu abaningi abakholwayo, ukuthandaza kuyindlela yokubonisa &lt;nowiki&gt;[[ukholo]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; nokuxhumana noNkulunkulu. Abanye bakubona njengendlela yokuthola induduzo, ithemba, ukuholwa noma ukuthula ngokomoya. Incazelo nokubaluleka kokuthandaza, nokho, kuncike enkolweni, emasikweni nasezinkolelweni zomuntu.

== Bheka futhi ==

* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Inkolo]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Ukukhulekela]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Ukuzindla]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuKristu]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuSulumane]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuJuda]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuHindu]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[UbuBuddha]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Salah]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Umthandazo WeNkosi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Izixhumanisi zangaphandle ==

* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Prayer|Prayer — Wikipedia yesiNgisi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:Christian prayer|Christian prayer — Wikipedia yesiNgisi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* &lt;nowiki&gt;[[:en:List of prayers|List of prayers — Wikipedia yesiNgisi]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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Isitsha siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.


Izinkomba

Doke, C. M. and Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. 2nd Edition. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2005. Page 771.

Nyembezi, C. L. S. Learn More Zulu. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2008. Page 112-115.

Dent, G. R. and Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010. Page 432.

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.

== Izinkomba ==
Doke, C. M. and Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. 2nd Edition. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2005. Page 771.

Nyembezi, C. L. S. Learn More Zulu. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2008. Page 112-115.

Dent, G. R. and Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010. Page 432.

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.

== Izinkomba ==
Doke, C. M. and Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. 2nd Edition. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2005. Page 771.

Nyembezi, C. L. S. Learn More Zulu. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2008. Page 112-115.

Dent, G. R. and Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010. Page 432.

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.[1]

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.[2]

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.[3]

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.[4]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.[5]

== Izinkomba ==
Doke, C. M. and Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. 2nd Edition. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2005. Page 771.

Nyembezi, C. L. S. Learn More Zulu. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2008. Page 112-115.

Dent, G. R. and Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010. Page 432.

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.[2]

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.[3]

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.[4]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.[5]

== Izinkomba ==


Dent, G. R. and Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010. Page 432.

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T14:15:21Z</timestamp>
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        <id>27430</id>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.[3]

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.[4]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.[5]

== Izinkomba ==

Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2010. Page 145.

Mzolo, D. and Canonici, N. N. Zulu Cultural Heritage and Traditional Food Utensils. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2015. Page 89.</text>
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        <username>Sphe12</username>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha siwumgogodla wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zulu cuisine: the dishes and traditions (UG)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/ug/en/travel/article/zulu-cuisine-the-dishes-and-traditions|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.southafrica.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile [[empilweni]] yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha [[siwumgogodla]] wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zulu cuisine: the dishes and traditions (UG)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/ug/en/travel/article/zulu-cuisine-the-dishes-and-traditions|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.southafrica.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Siwumgogodla]]</text>
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    <title>Ubuhlungu besihlakalo</title>
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'''Ubuhlungu besihlakala''' ubuhlungu obuzwakala endaweni [[IHlakala|yesihlakala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt; Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukulimala kwemisipha ebamba amathambo.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt; Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu ngenxa yokulimala okubuhlungu noma imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo yesihlakala.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt;

Ubuhlungu bungavela ngemuva kokusebenzisa isihlakala ngokweqile—njengalapho kuphakanyiswa izinsimbi ezisindayo, kwenziwa imisebenzi edinga amandla omzimba noma ezemidlalo, noma imisebenzi yezandla—noma ngenxa yokulimala kwezinzwa, imisipha, ama-ligament, ama-tendon noma amathambo esihlakala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemmati_20242&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Hemmati S, Ponich B, Lafreniere AS, Genereux O, Rankin B, Elzinga K |date=January 2024 |title=Approach to chronic wrist pain in adults: Review of common pathologies for primary care practitioners |url=https://www.cfp.ca/content/70/1/16.long |journal=Canadian Family Physician |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=16–23 |doi=10.46747/cfp.700116 |pmc=11126282 |pmid=38262758 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ferg2&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferguson R, Riley ND, Wijendra A, Thurley N, Carr AJ, Bjf D |date=November 2019 |title=Wrist pain: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors- what is the role of occupation and activity? |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=542 |doi=10.1186/s12891-019-2902-8 |pmc=6857228 |pmid=31727033 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuhlungu besihlakala bungabangelwa ukucindezelwa kwezinzwa, i-tendonitis, i-osteoarthritis noma i-carpal tunnel syndrome.

== Ukwakheka kanye nemvelaphi ==
I-anatomy yehlakala ihlanganisa imisipha engu-20 ehlanganisa amathambo ayisishiyagalombili e-carpal phakathi kwamathambo e-radius ne-I-ulna engalweni yangaphambili namathambo e'I-metacarpal esandleni.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt; Indawo nokusebenza kwe-dynamic kwemisipha yesihla kunquma ukuthi ingase ithinteke kalula ekulimaleni. Izakhiwo zezihlakalo ezithambekele ekulimaleni yi-triangular fibrocartilage complex kanye ne-scapholunate ligament.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt;

Ukuthambekela kwezihlakala kungavela lapho imisipha iqhuma noma ihlakazeke ekulimaleni okukhulu, ilungiswe noma isontekile.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt; Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu besihlakala bubangelwa imiphumela yokuthwala umthwalo noma yokusonteka, njengokuwa kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngesandla eselulekile.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt; Ukuphuka kwemisipha eminingi yesihlakala esimweni esibucayi kakhulu kungase kudinge ukulungiswa ngokuhlinzwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot; /&gt;

== Izinhlobo ==
Ubuhlungu besihlakala bungaba uphawu lokulimala nezinhlobo eziningana zezimo ezingahlobene nokulimala.&lt;ref name=&quot;may&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 August 2023|title=Wrist sprain|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551514/|accessdate=12 May 2024|publisher=StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hemmati_2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hemmati S, Ponich B, Lafreniere AS, Genereux O, Rankin B, Elzinga K |date=January 2024 |title=Approach to chronic wrist pain in adults: Review of common pathologies for primary care practitioners |url=https://www.cfp.ca/content/70/1/16.long |journal=Canadian Family Physician |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=16–23 |doi=10.46747/cfp.700116 |pmc=11126282 |pmid=38262758 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;akh&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schenck_1999&quot; /&gt;

* I-De Quervain tenosynovitis (lapho imisipha emibili elawula ukunyakaza kwesithupha icindezeleka ngesikhumba sayo esiyisihlakala) 
* I-osteoarthritis yehlakalo
** Ukuwa okuqhubekayo kwe-scapholunate
* I-osteoarthritis esisekelweni sesithupha
* Isifo somhubhe we-Carpal
* I-ganglion cyst ihlotshaniswa nobuhlungu obuncane futhi obuqondile, njengokuvuleka kakhulu (ukukhuthaza) noma i-dorsal wrist ganglion (isikhwama esivaliwe esigcwele uketshezi esinolunye noma isembozo semisipha esihlakaleni) 
* I-extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy (i-triangular fibrocartilage) 
* Isifo sikaKienbock (ukuwohloka kwethambo le-lunar) 
* I-tendinopathy esihlakaleni (i-extensor) noma isithupha (i-De Quervain syndrome) 
* Isifo sokuvuvukala kwamathambo
** Isifo semithambo ye-rheumatoid

* Ukuphuka kwe-scaphoid
* Ukulimala kwemisipha ye-scapholunate
* Ukuntengantenga kwamalunga e-distal radioulnar
** I-triangular fibrocartilage complex (ukulimala nokuwohloka) 
* Ukuphuka kwe-distal radius

Ubuhlungu besihlakala busakazeke ku-10-14% kubantu abavamile.&lt;ref name=&quot;ferg&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ferguson R, Riley ND, Wijendra A, Thurley N, Carr AJ, Bjf D |date=November 2019 |title=Wrist pain: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors- what is the role of occupation and activity? |journal=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=542 |doi=10.1186/s12891-019-2902-8 |pmc=6857228 |pmid=31727033 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;akh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 July 2023|title=Wrist sprain|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531497/|accessdate=12 May 2024|publisher=StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abenza imisebenzi edinga umzimba, njengezisebenzi ezisebenza ngezandla kanye nabasubathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ferg&quot; /&gt;

== Ukwelashwa ==
Ngemuva kokufaka ama-pads ashisayo noma abandayo emizuzwini yokuqala, uma kungekho ukuvuvukala, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba esilula noma i-neoprene (noma ngisho ne-steel-reinforced), kunconywa ukuze kuphumule isihlangu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schenck_1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |year=1999 |title=Athletic training and sports medicine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Gym91vKUIwC&amp;q=wrist+brace&amp;pg=PA346 |vauthors=Schenck RC |publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-0-89203-172-6 |pages=346– |access-date=25 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}

== Uhlu Lwezincwadi ==

* {{Cite web|title=Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Fact Sheet|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/carpal_tunnel/detail_carpal_tunnel.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209051421/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/carpal_tunnel/detail_carpal_tunnel.htm|archive-date=December 9, 2004|publisher=[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]]}}
* {{Cite web|title=Symptoms|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/DS00326/DSECTION=symptoms|website=Carpal Tunnel Syndrome|publisher=Mayo Clinic}}</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isikhwama [[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]] '''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|ac...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]]
'''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=artsandculture.google.com|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhwama.Kukhona izikhwama zesikole, [[izikhwama]] zokuthenga, izikhwama zokuhamba, izikhwama zabesifazane, ojosaka kanye nezikhwama zemali. Isikhwama sesikole sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabafundi ukuthwala izincwadi, amapeni, amabhuku omsebenzi nezinye izinto zesikole.Ojosaka nabo bayasiza ngoba umuntu angakwazi ukuthwala izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Brief History of Bags and Purses {{!}} Hampshire Cultural Trust Online Collections|url=https://collections.hampshireculture.org.uk/topic/brief-history-bags-and-purses|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=collections.hampshireculture.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izikhwama bezisetshenziswa abantu kusukela kudala. Izikhwama zakudala zazenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane, ukotini noma imicu yezitshalo.Zazisetshenziswa ukuthwala ukudla, amathuluzi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama sidlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthwala izinto.

Namuhla isikhwama asisona nje into yokuthwala izinto kuphela, kodwa sesiphinde saba yingxenye yemfashini. Abantu bakhetha izikhwama ezinemibala, izimo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze zihambisane nezingubo zabo. Izikhwama ezithile zingaba uphawu lwesitayela somuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2026-09-18 |title=Handbag |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handbag&amp;oldid=1375552008 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
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[[Category:Zonke]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isikhwama [[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]] '''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|ac...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Bags and fabric from Zamboanga City.jpg|thumb|Isikhwama]]
'''Isikhwama''' siyinto ebalulekile esetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke.Senziwa ngezinto ezahlukene ezifana nendwangu,isikhumba, ipulasitiki,iphepha nezinye izinto.Isikhwama sisetshenziselwa ukuthwala nokugcina izinto ezahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa. Izikhwama ziza ngobukhulu, imibala kanye nezimo ezahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Arts &amp; Culture|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=artsandculture.google.com|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhwama.Kukhona izikhwama zesikole, [[izikhwama]] zokuthenga, izikhwama zokuhamba, izikhwama zabesifazane, ojosaka kanye nezikhwama zemali. Isikhwama sesikole sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabafundi ukuthwala izincwadi, amapeni, amabhuku omsebenzi nezinye izinto zesikole.Ojosaka nabo bayasiza ngoba umuntu angakwazi ukuthwala izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Brief History of Bags and Purses {{!}} Hampshire Cultural Trust Online Collections|url=https://collections.hampshireculture.org.uk/topic/brief-history-bags-and-purses|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=collections.hampshireculture.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izikhwama bezisetshenziswa abantu kusukela kudala. Izikhwama zakudala zazenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane, ukotini noma imicu yezitshalo.Zazisetshenziswa ukuthwala ukudla, amathuluzi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama sidlale indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni kube lula ukuthwala izinto.

Namuhla isikhwama asisona nje into yokuthwala izinto kuphela, kodwa sesiphinde saba yingxenye yemfashini. Abantu bakhetha izikhwama ezinemibala, izimo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene ukuze zihambisane nezingubo zabo. Izikhwama ezithile zingaba uphawu lwesitayela somuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2026-09-18 |title=Handbag |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Handbag&amp;oldid=1375552008 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
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'''AbaMzali''' kungaba [[Umuntu|abantu]] abakulethe emhlabeni, kungabhekisela kumnakekeli noma umnakekeli ongokomthetho, ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi umzali wokutholwa noma umzali wokuthatha. Abazali bayizihlobo ze-first-degree futhi bahlanganyela u-50% wezakhi zabo zofuzo. [[Isifazane|Owesifazane]] futhi angaba ngumzali ngokubeletha. Abanye abazali bangase babe ngabazali ngokutholwa, abondla futhi bakhulise abantwana, kodwa abahlobene nengane. Izintandane yizingane ezingenabo abazali bokutholwa zingakhuliswa ogogo nomkhulu, noma amanye amalungu omndeni.
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1937" sha1="f39drmb2c1dh6l32qt0wc2wnntu6m25" xml:space="preserve">Izimbungulu ziyisigaba sezibungu samalungu ohlelo lwe-Lepidoptera okuhlanganisa [[Uvemvane|izimvemvane]] namabhu. Enkulumweni ejwayelekile noma yisiphi isibungu sezinambuzane esimise okwe-caterpillar esifana ne-I-sawfly sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-caterpillar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ormerod1892&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ormerod |first=Eleanor Anne |year=1892 |title=A Text-Book of Agricultural Entomology: Being a Guide to Methods of Insect Life and Means of Prevention of Insect Ravage for the Use of Agriculturists and Agricultural Students |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KUcAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent &amp; Co. |access-date=2016-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930220402/https://books.google.com/books?id=2KUcAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=2020-09-30 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Anderson1960&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=Roger Fabian |year=1964 |title=Forest and Shade Tree Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/forestshadetreee0000ande |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |location=New York |lccn=60-11714 |orig-date=1960 |url-access=registration |via=archive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izimbungulu zezinhlobo eziningi zidla izitshalo (ngokuvamile amaqabunga), kodwa hhayi zonke ezinye (cishe u-1%) zidla izinambuzane futhi  abanye badla ezinye izilwane. Ngokwesibonelo amabhu ezingubo adla uvolo, kanti amabhu anezimpondo adla izinyawo nezimpondo zama-ungulate afile.

Izimbungulu zivame ukondla kakhulu futhi eziningi zazo ziphakathi kwezinambuzane ezimbi kakhulu z[[ezolimo]]. [[Umqhinqo|Izihlobo]] eziningi zamabhu zaziwa kakhulu ezigabeni zazo zezibungu ngenxa yomonakalo eziwubangelayo emikhiqizweni yezolimo ikakhulukazi izithelo kuyilapho lapho sebekhulile bengenzi umonakalo oqondile futhi ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kuphawuleke kulokho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhungane zibhekwa njengemithombo kasilika, njengokudla kwabantu, kwezilwane noma ukulawula izitshalo eziyingozi.</text>
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      <text bytes="2421" sha1="5qqeg5qrxdl9mlixw0zlzbm7qldwy4l" xml:space="preserve">ukubaluleka kwezihlahla

Izihlahla ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.


Ama-References

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2018. The State of the World’s Forests 2018.

Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE). Ten Million Trees Programme: Why are Trees Important to the Environment?

South African Government. 2026. International Day of Forests: The Role and Importance of Forests.

University of Pretoria. Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees!

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Forests.</text>
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'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.

== Izinkomba ==
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2018. The State of the World’s Forests 2018.

Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE). Ten Million Trees Programme: Why are Trees Important to the Environment?

South African Government. 2026. International Day of Forests: The Role and Importance of Forests.

University of Pretoria. Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees!

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Forests.</text>
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'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.[1]

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.[2]

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.[3]

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.[4]

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.[5]

== Izinkomba ==
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2018. The State of the World’s Forests 2018.

Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE). Ten Million Trees Programme: Why are Trees Important to the Environment?

South African Government. 2026. International Day of Forests: The Role and Importance of Forests.

University of Pretoria. Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees!

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Forests.</text>
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'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=fao.org|title=SOFO 2018 - The State of the World's Forests 2018|url=https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-forests/2018/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.fao.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.[2]

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.[3]

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.[4]

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.[5]

== Izinkomba ==


Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE). Ten Million Trees Programme: Why are Trees Important to the Environment?

South African Government. 2026. International Day of Forests: The Role and Importance of Forests.

University of Pretoria. Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees!

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Forests.</text>
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        <id>25455</id>
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'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=fao.org|title=SOFO 2018 - The State of the World's Forests 2018|url=https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-forests/2018/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.fao.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.[4]

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.[5]

== Izinkomba ==


South African Government. 2026. International Day of Forests: The Role and Importance of Forests.

University of Pretoria. Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees!

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Forests.</text>
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'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=fao.org|title=SOFO 2018 - The State of the World's Forests 2018|url=https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-forests/2018/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.fao.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Katy|date=2026-03-20|title=Celebrating International Day of Forests and the Economic Contribution of South Africa's Planted Forests|url=https://www.forestrysouthafrica.co.za/2026/03/20/celebrating-international-day-of-forests-and-the-economic-contribution-of-south-africas-planted-forests/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Forestry South Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zwane|first=Tshepiso Maroga &amp; Nosipho|date=2020-0909-1111|title=Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees! {{!}} University Of Pretoria|url=https://www.up.ac.za/sci-enza/news/arbor-month-here-why-we-need-more-trees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.up.ac.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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ukubaluleka kwezihlahla

'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=fao.org|title=SOFO 2018 - The State of the World's Forests 2018|url=https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-forests/2018/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.fao.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Katy|date=2026-03-20|title=Celebrating International Day of Forests and the Economic Contribution of South Africa's Planted Forests|url=https://www.forestrysouthafrica.co.za/2026/03/20/celebrating-international-day-of-forests-and-the-economic-contribution-of-south-africas-planted-forests/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Forestry South Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zwane|first=Tshepiso Maroga &amp; Nosipho|date=2020-0909-1111|title=Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees! {{!}} University Of Pretoria|url=https://www.up.ac.za/sci-enza/news/arbor-month-here-why-we-need-more-trees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.up.ac.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Iziphuzo zotshwala</title>
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'''Isiphuzo sotshwala''' (esibizwa nangokuthi isiphuzo esiphekiwe noma '''isiphuzo esinamandla''') noma isiphuzo esiqukethe utshwala. Iziphuzo ezinotshwala zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: [[Utshwala|ubhiya]], iwayini, kanye ne-spirit. Ezinotshwala obuphakathi kuka-3% no-50%. Isilinganiso esiqondile isiphuzo esibhekwa ngaso njengotshwala siyahlukahluka ngokwamazwe, abanye becabanga ukuthi iziphuzo eziqukethe ngaphansi kuka-0.5% azinazo izidakwa. Lezi ziphuzo ziphuzwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yemiphumela yokulimala kwengqondo eziyikhiqizayo.
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'''Isiphuzo sotshwala''' (esibizwa nangokuthi isiphuzo esiphekiwe noma '''isiphuzo esinamandla''') noma isiphuzo esiqukethe utshwala. Iziphuzo ezinotshwala zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: [[Utshwala|ubhiya]], iwayini, kanye ne-spirit. Ezinotshwala obuphakathi kuka-3% no-50%. Isilinganiso esiqondile isiphuzo esibhekwa ngaso njengotshwala siyahlukahluka ngokwamazwe, abanye becabanga ukuthi iziphuzo eziqukethe ngaphansi kuka-0.5% azinazo izidakwa. Lezi ziphuzo ziphuzwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yemiphumela yokulimala kwengqondo eziyikhiqizayo.
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    <title>Indwangu yombhede</title>
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[[File:Prześcieradło.jpg|thumb|Indwangu yombhede]]
indwangu yombhede noma indwang'yombhede iyindwangu engunxande esetshenziswa njengezinto zombhedo, enkulu ngobude nobubanzi kunomatilasi, futhi ebekwa ngaphezu komatilasi noma '''umbhede''', kodwa ngaphansi kwezingubo nezinye izinto zombhede (njengama-comforter namakhava ombhede noma amashidi). Ikhasi elingaphansi libekwa ngaphezu umatilasi, futhi lingaba ikhasi eliyisicaba noma elifakwe. Ikhasi elingaphezulu, emazweni amaningi lapho lisetshenziswa khona, liyiphepha eliyisicaba, elibekwa ngaphezu kwephepha elingaphansi nangaphansi kweminye imibhede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bed Sheet |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bed-sheet |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2025-08-11 |work=Cambridge Dictionary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umlando ==
Izingubo zokulala bezisetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka. I-word sheet, okusho ubude bendwangu, kufakazelwa maphakathi nekhulu le-13 &quot;njengesiqu esikhulu noma isiqephu esingunxantathu selineni noma ukotini esisakazeke phezu kombhede&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sheet - Etymology, Origin &amp; Meaning|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/sheet|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=etymonline|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amakhasi afakwe ngaphakathi awukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kakhulu. Ngawo-1950 u-Afrika waseMelika uBertha Berman wafaka isicelo se-patent sephepha elifakwe elisebenzisa i-elastic emakhoneni ukuze lisize ukuligcina lisendaweni. Okunye okusha kwafika kamuva lapho uGisele Jubinville, wase-I-Alberta, [[IKhanada|ICanada]], enza iphepha elifakwe izinhlangothi ezijulile, elalisebenza njengesikhwama samakamelo omatilasi futhi elalinamazinhlangothi ezinwebeka. Wanikezwa i-patent ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho wayithengisa nge- $ 1 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Ruby|date=2021-09-27|title=The Surprising History And Future, Of The Fitted Sheet|url=https://www.brainzmagazine.com/post/the-surprising-history-and-future-of-the-fitted-sheet|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=Brainz Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-04|title=The fitted sheet - An Alberta invention, and folding nightmare {{!}} Royal Alberta Museum|url=https://royalalbertamuseum.ca/blog/fitted-sheet-alberta-invention-and-folding-nightmare|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=royalalbertamuseum.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ESwitzerland, inkampani i-Schlossberg ithi ilethe ishidi elifakwe nge-jersey (1979).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rafael Rohner|date=2025-04-08|title=Firma aus dem Tösstal erfand das Fixleintuch und tüftelt daran bis heute|url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/toesstal-wie-die-textilfirma-schlossberg-aus-turbenthal-das-fixleintuch-erfand-626186560026|accessdate=2025-06-04|website=Tages-Anzeiger|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=Bed sheet material|url=https://www.homesandgardens.com/sleep/ikea-bergpalm-comforter-set|website=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izitayela ==
[[File:Colorful_Bed_sheets.jpg|alt=|thumb|Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhasi ombhede anemibala ehlukahlukene]]
Amashalozi ombhede avela ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ayizicaba futhi afakwe. I-flat sheet imane nje iyi-rectangular sheet yendwangu, kuyilapho i-fitting sheet inezinsika ezine, ngokuvamile ifakwe i-elastic futhi isetshenziswa njenge-low sheet. Inhloso yengubo engaphansi efakwe ukuyigcina ingasuki kumatilasi ngenkathi umbhede usetshenziswa. Ikhanda lombhede oyisicaba alinalo i-elastic futhi esikhundleni salokho lifakwa ngaphansi komatilasi noma lingasetshenziswa njengekhanda elingaphezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-04-15|title=I swore I would never choose a flat sheet over a fitted sheet – but this advice from a bedding expert just changed my mind|url=https://www.idealhome.co.uk/all-rooms/mattresses-and-bedding/fitted-vs-flat-sheets|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=Ideal Home|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinga ==
[[File:Correctional_Activities_at_Central_Jail_Faisalabad,_Pakistan_in_2010_-_Convict_weaver_busy_in_weaving_a_Hospital_Bed_Sheet_on_a_traditional_manual_loom.jpg|thumb|Abeluki basebenza phezu kwengubo yesibhedlela emshinini wesiko wokweluka ngesandla I-Faisalabad, [[IPakistani|IPakistan]], ngo-2010]]
Ukotini kanye nezindwangu ezihlanganiswe nokotini yizo ezibusayo emakethe, kanti inhlanganisela evame kakhulu yileyo yokotini ne-polyester. Ukotini uyamunca futhi uthambile, kanti i-polyester yenza indwangu iqine futhi ingashwabani kalula..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Baker|first1=Liz|last2=PhD|title=Too Hot? Try Sleeping Like an Egyptian (and other cooling ideas)|url=https://comfortsleepsanctuary.com/too-hot-try-sleeping-like-an-egyptian/|website=Comfort Sleep Sanctuary|language=en-us|access-date=2023-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izinhlobo zemicu evame ukusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamashidi okulala zihlanganisa i-linen, usilika, i-modal, i-bamboo rayon, i-lyocell kanye ne-microfiber..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Baker|first1=Liz|last2=PhD|title=Too Hot? Try Sleeping Like an Egyptian (and other cooling ideas)|url=https://comfortsleepsanctuary.com/too-hot-try-sleeping-like-an-egyptian/|website=Comfort Sleep Sanctuary|language=en-us|access-date=2023-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izindwangu ezaziwa ngokuthi zipholisa umzimba zihlanganisa lezo ezenziwe nge-lyocell, i-bamboo rayon, i-linen, i-hemp noma usilika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last1=Baker|first1=Liz|last2=PhD|title=Too Hot? Try Sleeping Like an Egyptian (and other cooling ideas)|url=https://comfortsleepsanctuary.com/too-hot-try-sleeping-like-an-egyptian/|website=Comfort Sleep Sanctuary|language=en-us|access-date=2023-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inani lemicu lilingisa inani lemicu nge-square inch yendwangu. Amakhasi ombhede avame ukubonisa lokhu njengesibonakaliso sezinga. Ngokuvamile, inani eliphakeme lemicu lisikisela ukuthi iphepha liphakeme kodwa lokhu akuyona ukuphela kwesici okufanele sicatshangelwe maqondana nekhwalithi. Inani eliphakeme lemicu lisho intambo encane kanye nokweluka okuqinile, okuhunyushwa ngephepha elithambile futhi elihlala isikhathi eside.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lauren|first=Fountain|date=|title=Best Material for Bed Sheets|url=https://www.sleepfoundation.org/best-sheets/best-material-for-bed-sheets|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=Sleep Foundation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Do You Know the 7 Types of Bed Sheets?|url=https://www.thespruce.com/guide-to-bedding-weaves-and-fabrics-350494|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=The Spruce|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye izinto zokwakha zilinganiswa ngamagremu nge-square meter (GSM). Lapho lokhu kuphakama, kulapho izinto ezizoba ziminyene khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-flannel, ilineni ne-microfibre, kuyilapho usilika ulinganiswa nge-momme (isisindo) noma i-denarius (isindo sendophi eyodwa). Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinsika zombhede ezenziwe ngazo kanye nohlobo lwe-weave, kunenani elifanele lemicu, i-gsm noma i-mömme / denier yamashidi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ukuhlanza ==
Amakhasi omibhede kufanele agezwe njalo emasontweni amabili. Lokhu kuzosusa izilokazane zothuli kanye nama-allergen. Kuyanconywa ukulandela iziqondiso zomkhiqizi, njengoba izinto ezahlukahlukene zingase zidinge izindlela ezithile zokuhlanza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-06-05|title=How often should you wash your sheets?|url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/uk/house-and-home/household-advice/a28407426/how-often-wash-sheets-care/|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=Good Housekeeping|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to Wash Your Sheets the Right Way, According to a Laundry Expert|url=https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-wash-bed-linens-2146290|accessdate=2025-08-11|website=The Spruce|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}</text>
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[[File:Bernadotte_Wasserkessel.jpg|thumb|Igedlela lesintu lensimbi enesiqu esinesibambo]]
[[File:Electric_kettle_-_Электрический_чайник.JPG|thumb|Igedlela legezi, elinamanzi abilayo abonakala egunjini lalo lamanzi elibonakalayo]]
Igedlela, ngesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-tea kettle noma '''i-teakettle''', iyithuluzi elikhethekile lokubilisa amanzi, ngokuvamile ngesivalo, isiphuzo, ''isibambo''. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-stovetop kettle, esebenzisa ukushisa okuvela kuyi-I-Hob, kanye ne-kettle kagesi, okuyinto encane yasekhishini enesici sokushisisa sangaphakathi. Amagedlela asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni iziphuzo ezishisayo, kodwa futhi nasekulungiseleleni ukudla.

== Umsuka ==
Igama elithi igedlela livela ku-Old Norse ketill, &quot;cauldron&quot;. Isipelingi sesiNgisi sakudala sasiyi-cetel enegama lokuqala elithi che- [tʃ] njenge-'cherry', isiNgisi sasendulo (kanye ne-dialectal) sasiyi-chetel, zombili zivela (kanye negama lesiJalimane elithi Kessel elithi &quot;cauldron&quot;) ekugcineni zivela ku-*katilaz yesiJalimane, ebolekwe ku-catillus yesiLatini, uhlobo oluncane lwe-catinus &quot;isitsha esijulile sokukhonza noma ukupheka ukudla&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;T. F. Hoad, ''English Etymology'', Oxford University Press, 1993 ({{ISBN|0-19-283098-8}}). p. 252.&lt;/ref&gt;okuhunyushwa ezimweni ezahlukene ngokuthi &quot;isitsha&quot;, &quot;isitsha esijulile&quot;, noma &quot;i-funnel&quot;.

== Amagedlela e-stovetop ==
I-stove kitle yesimanje iyisitsha sensimbi esinesiqephu esiyisicaba esisetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi esitofini. Ngokuvamile zinesibambo phezulu, isembozo, nesembozo. Abanye futhi banomsindo wesitimu obonisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelele nini endaweni yawo yokubila.

== Amagedlela kagesi ==
Ama-kitle kagesi angasetshenziswa futhi ukubilisa amanzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sesitofu. I-element yokufudumeza ivame ukuvalwa ngokuphelele, ngesilinganiso samandla se-2-3 kW. &amp;nbsp;Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukudonswa kukagesi kwekhithi kagesi kufinyelela ku-13 A, okuyisilinganiso esiphawulekayo sikagesi esitholakala emakhaya amaningi: i-fuse eyinhloko yamakhaya amaningi ihlukahluka phakathi kwama-amp angu-20 nangu-100. 
[[File:Thermal_Vision_video_of_a_kettle_of_water_being_boiled.webm|thumb|isiboniso seThermal vidiyo yamanzi aphuzwayo ekhatheni likagesi]]
Emiklamweni yesimanje, uma amanzi esefinyelele endaweni yawo yokubila, i-kitle iyazivala ngokuzenzakalelayo, ivimbele amanzi ukuba angavutha futhi alimaze isakhi sokufudumeza. 
&lt;ref name=&quot;ingenia&quot;&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt; |date=September 2019 |title=How Does That Work? Kettle switch-off |url=https://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issue-80/how-does-that-work |journal=Ingenia |location=London |publisher=Royal Academy of Engineering |issue=80 |page=45 |issn=1472-9768 |access-date=31 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mosi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Electric Kettles|url=http://www.mosi.org.uk/media/33871691/electrickettles.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401082637/http://mosi.org.uk/media/33871691/electrickettles.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-01|publisher=Museum of Science and Industry}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mirror&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Myall |first=Steve |date=2012-09-01 |title=Made in the UK: The life-changing everyday innovations which put British genius on the map |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/incoming/made-in-the-uk-the-life-changing-everyday-innovations-1294240 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}

== Ukufunda okwengeziwe ==

* [Isithombe ekhasini 8] [https://www.slate.com/id/2129285/ &quot;Ibhodwe Eliqaphile&quot;]. ''I-Slate''.
* {{Cite book |last=Copeland |first=Paul L. |year=2000 |title=Engineering Studies: The Definitive Guide |publisher=Anno Domini |isbn=9780646394596 |location=Allawah, New South Wales}}</text>
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[[File:The_Favorite_by_Georgios_Iakovidis.jpg|thumb|Othandwa Kakhulu - Umkhulu noMzukulu, ngUGeorgios Jakobides (1890) ]]
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Okhulu, ababizwa ngokuthi ugogo nomkhulu, bangabazali bukanina noma bukayise womuntu. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezizalana ngokocansi—ngaphandle kwalezo ezinohlobo oluyingxube yezakhi zofuzo (okuthiwa ama-chimera)—zinokhulu abane (ngakohlangothi lukayise nolukanina), okhulu-mkhulu abayisishiyagalombili, okhulu-mkhulu-mkhulu abayishumi nesithupha, njalonjalo. Emlandweni wesintu sanamuhla, cishe eminyakeni engu-30 000 edlule, inani labantu abaphila isikhathi eside kwaze kwaba yilapho sebekhulu landa. Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini eyabangela lokhu kwanda kwesikhathi sokuphila,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zhavoronkov|first=Alex|date=2013-07-02|title=13 Reasons Why We Will Live Longer Than Our Parents|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-zhavoronkov/13-reasons-why-we-will-li_b_3519357.html|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; kodwa kukholakala ukuthi umphumela obalulekile wokuba nezizukulwane ezintathu ziphila ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakuwukugcinwa kolwazi okungenzeka ukuthi lwaluyolahleka; isibonelo salolu lwazi olubalulekile kungaba indawo yokuthola amanzi ngezikhathi zesomiso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zhavoronkov|first=Alex|date=2013-07-02|title=13 Reasons Why We Will Live Longer Than Our Parents|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-zhavoronkov/13-reasons-why-we-will-li_b_3519357.html|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zhavoronkov|first=Alex|date=2013-07-02|title=13 Reasons Why We Will Live Longer Than Our Parents|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alex-zhavoronkov/13-reasons-why-we-will-li_b_3519357.html|website=Huffington Post|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezimweni lapho abazali bengazimisele noma bengakwazi ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okwanele kwezingane zabo (isib, izithiyo zezezimali, izinkinga zomshado, ukugula noma ukufa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=8 Reasons Parents Fail to Love Their Kids|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-experience/201510/8-reasons-parents-fail-love-their-kids|accessdate=2018-08-23|website=Psychology Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;), ugogo nomkhulu bavame ukuthatha indima yabanakekeli abakhulu. Ngisho nalapho lokhu kungeyona, futhi ikakhulukazi emasikweni angokwesiko, ogogo nomkhulu bavame ukuba nendima eqondile futhi ecacile maqondana nokukhulisa, ukunakekela nokukhulisa izingane. Ogogo nomkhulu bangabazali besihlobo sesibili sabazukulu babo futhi bahlanganyela 25% yokuhlangana kwezakhi zofuzo.

== Iziqu ==
[[File:Face_detail,_Manzanar_Relocation_Center,_Manzanar,_California._Grandfather_and_grandson_of_Japanese_ancestry_at_._._._-_NARA_-_537994_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Umkhulu ophethe umzukulu wakhe ngoDorothea LangeUDorothea Lange]]
Uma kusetshenziswa njengenombolo (isib., &quot;... umkhulu ohamba&quot;), umkhulu nogogo kuvame ukusetshenziswa, yize izinhlobo ezinjenge-grandma / grandpa, grandny / granddaddy noma ngisho ne-nan / pop ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa. Lapho ilandelwa &quot;ami ...&quot; (isib. &quot;... umkhulu wami wahamba&quot;), zonke izinhlobo zivamile (noma kuphi kusuka ku &quot;... umkhulu ...&quot; kuya ku &quot;... amaGrams ami ...&quot;). Zonke izinhlobo zingasetshenziswa ngobuningi, kodwa ama-Gramps (ubuningi ama-Gramp) awavamile.

Ekubhaleni, amagama athi mkhulu no gogo avame kakhulu, kodwa awavamile ukusetshenziswa lapho kubhekiswa kumuntu ngqo enkulumweni. Enkulumweni, abantu base-United States, eCanada nase-Australia bavame ukusebenzisa amagama athi mkhulu nogogo. E-Britain, e-Ireland, e-United States, e-Australia, eNew Zealand—futhi ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseCanada i-Newfoundland nase-Labrador kanye naphakathi kwabantu baseQuebec abakhuluma isiNgisi—kusetshenziswa amagama afana noNan, Nana, Nanna, Nanny, Gran noGranny kanye nezinye izinhlobo zawo ukubiza ugogo, kungaba sekubhaleni noma enkulumweni.
[[File:A_grandmother_takes_nutrition_classes_(6765977597).jpg|thumb|Ugogo ethatha ikilasi lokudla okunomsoco nomzukulu wakhe]]
Njengoba abantu bengaba namaqembu amabili aphilayo agogo nomkhulu, ukudideka okuthile kuvela ekubizeni abantu ababili ngokuthi &quot;ugogo&quot; noma &quot;ugogo&quot;, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile amanye amagama amabili alandiswe ngenhla asetshenziselwa iqembu elilodwa lagogo nomkhulu. Esinye ikhambi elivamile ukubiza ogogo nomkhulu ngamagama abo okuqala (&quot;Grandpa George&quot;, &quot;Grandma Anne&quot;, njll.) noma ngamagama omndeni wabo (&quot;Grandp Jones&quot;, &quot;Grendma Smith&quot;). ENyakatho Melika, imindeni eminingi ibiza iqembu elilodwa lagogo ''umkhulu'' ngamagama abo ezinhlanga (isib, ''ugogo'' nomkhulu baseHispanic bangabizwa ngokuthi i-abuelo ne-abuela ''nonna'' &quot;abuelito&quot; ne- &quot;abuelita&quot;, ugogo nomzali baseFrance bangabizwa ngokuthi yi-papi ne-mamie, ogogo nomkhulu wase-Italy bangabizwa ngokuthi ama-no no-''I-Opa'', ''I-Oma'' ugogo nomyeni waseDashi nabaseJalimane bangabizwa ngokuthi u-Opa ne-Opa. EFriesland, umbhangqwana ovamile yi- pake ne-beppe. Abantu baseNyakatho China bavame ukusebenzisa i- laolao ne-''I-Laoye'', kuyilapho abantu baseNingizimu abakhuluma IsiMandarin bavame ukusebenzisa u-''wài pó'' (外婆, unina) ne-way gōng (外公, uyise kamama), ukubhekisela kugogo nomkhulu bomama; ogogo nomkhulu bakababa bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi i- nǎi nai (奶奶, unina kababa) ne- ''yé'' yé (化, uyise). IPhilippines, ogogo nomkhulu babizwa ngokuthi i-lol (umkhulu) ne-lolba (umkhulu).

== Izinkomba ==
{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}

== Uhlu Lwezincwadi ==

* &lt;cite id=&quot;#refLessa&quot;&gt;Lessa, Clado Ribeiro de. O Segundo Ramo da Casa Imperial e nuestra Marinha de Guerra, in Revista do Instituto Historico e Geografico Brasileiro, vol. 211, 1951, amakhasi 118-133 (ISSN 0101-4366) &amp;nbsp;&lt;/cite&gt;
* &lt;cite id=&quot;refDefrance&quot;&gt;[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 9] [Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 9]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/cite&gt;
* Bragança, Dom Carlos Tasso de Saxe-Coburgo e. ''Ukuvakasha kukaDom Pedro II eCoburgo'', in Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, vol. 272, 1966, amakhasi 201-208 (ISSN 0101-4366) &amp;nbsp;

== Ukufunda okwengeziwe ==

* {{Cite journal |last=Coulthard |first=Carmen Caldas |last2=Moon |first2=Rosamund |year=2016 |title=Grandmother, gran, gangsta granny: semiotic representations of grandmotherhood |journal=[[Gender and Language]] |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=309–339 |doi=10.1558/genl.v10i3.32036}}
* [Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 9] &quot;Umsebenzi Wezenhlalo Ugogo&quot;. Amabutho Omphakathi. '''24''' (4): 389–392.</text>
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      <text bytes="2623" sha1="e3ditlm0s1q8dtrownowcncacijbtf4" xml:space="preserve">Umbila uyisitshalo sokusanhlamvu esitshalwa emhlabeni wonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wavela eMEXICO eminyakeni engaba ngu-9000 eyedlule wabe usuhlakazeka emazweni amaningi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;


eMzansi Africa, umbila uyisisekelo sokudla kwabantu abaningi. uyagaywa ukwenza impuphu kanye nokwenza utshwala,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

kwesinye iskhathi ungadliwa futhi uma uwubilisa kanti uyadliwa izilwane zasemampulaini..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Umbila&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; unamandla amaningi mgoba ucebile ngezakha mzimba eziningi futhi 

unamakhabhohydrethi.

uphinde ube nemicu(fibre), amavithamini athile namaninerali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;


umbila utshalwa ezindaweni ezifudumele ezinemvula eyanele,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

futhi izifundazwe ezifana noFree State, iMpumalamga &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

neNyakatho Ntshonalanga zitshala kakhulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teosinte and the domestication of maize|url=https://evolution.earthathome.org/grasses/andropogoneae/maize-domestication/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Earth@Home: Evolution|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babhala emiqulweni ye-I-papyrus lapho ababhali beba sebenzisa amabhulashi amancane omhlanga noma amapeni omhlanga avela ku-''I-Juncus maritimus'' noma i-sea rush. Encwadini yakhe ethi A History of Writing, USteven Roger Fischer usikisela, ngesisekelo sokutholakala I-Saqqara, ukuthi ipeni lomhlanga kungenzeka lalisetshenziselwa ukubhala esikhumbeni esikhathini eside esidlule njenge-First Dynasty, noma cishe ngo-3000 BC. Amapeni e- Reed aqhubeke esetshenziswe ukwenza kwaba seNkathini Ephakathi, kodwa kancane kancane athathelwa indawo amapeni kusukela cishe ngekhulu le-7. Ipensela lomhlanga, elenziwe ngomhlanga noma uqalo, lisasetshenziswa kwezinye izingxenye zasePakistani ngabafundi abasebasha futhi lisetshenziselwa ukubhala emabhodini amancane okhuni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Farah |first=Iffat |date=1991-10-01 |title=School ka sabaq: Literacy in a girls' primary school in rural Pakistan |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/wpel/vol7/iss2/3 |url-status=live |journal=Working Papers in Educational Linguistics |volume=7 |issue=2 |issn=1548-3134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104183931/https://repository.upenn.edu/wpel/vol7/iss2/3/ |archive-date=2021-11-04 |access-date=2021-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 2013|title=Evolution of pen - From Reed Pen to 3Doodler - Spinfold|url=http://www.spinfold.com/evolution-of-pen/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501031206/https://www.spinfold.com/evolution-of-pen/|archive-date=2021-05-01|accessdate=2017-11-30|website=www.spinfold.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ipensela lomhlanga lasinda kwaze kwaba yilapho i-papyrus yathathelwa indawo njenge-toptop of writing ngezikhumba zezilwane, I-velum kanye nesikhumba. Isikhumba esibushelelezi sasivumela ukubhala okuncane, okuncane ngepeni, okuthathwe ezimpapheni zokundiza. Ipensela le-pen lalisetshenziselwa ukubhala ezinye zeMiculu yoLwandle Olufile, ezihlehlela emuva cishe ku-100 BC. Imiqulu yayibhalwe ngezilimi [[IsiHebheru]] ngezimpaphe zezinyoni noma amapeni. Kunokubhekisela okukhethekile kuma-penes emibhalweni kaSt. Isidore waseSeville ngekhulu le-7. Amapeni e-quill ayesetshenziswa kabanzi ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi asetshenziselwa ukubhala nokusayina uMthethosisekelo wase-United States ngo-1787.

Amapeni ensimbi akhiqizwa eMbusweni waseRoma futhi kuye kwatholakala izibonelo ezindaweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi IPompeii, lapho amasampula namhlanje agcinwe khona, UMnyuziyamu Wemivubukulo waseNaples ubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngaphambi kokuqhuma kuka-79 CE. Esinye isibonelo, ipeni le-Roman-British copper-alloy elinomzimba oyindilinga kanye nomgodi owakha izinsimbi ezimbili, ligcinwe UMnyuziyamu WaseBrithani.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=pen (Reg. No. 1865,1220.21)|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1865-1220-21?selectedImageId=935685001|accessdate=5 March 2026|website=The British Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukhona ukubhekisela 'ekupenini lesiliva lokuthwala uyinki', encwadini yezenzakalo USamuel Pepys ka-August 1663. Amapeni ensimbi 'amasha asungulwe' akhangiswa ku-Times ngo-1792.[n 1]&lt;ref name=&quot;pitch&quot; /&gt; Iphuzu lepensela lensimbi laqanjwa ngo-1803, kodwa i-patent ayizange isetshenziswe kwezentengiselwano. I-patent yakukhiqiza amapeni ensimbi wakhangiswa wadayiswa ngUBryan Donkin ngo-1811.[n 2] UJohn Mitchell waseBirmingham waqala ukukhiqiza amapeni amaningi anezinhlayiya zensimbi ngo-1822, futhi ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lezinhlayiyana zensimbi zathuthuka ngokwanele kangangokuthi amapeni anezinhlazi zensimbi asetshenziswa kabanzi.[n 3]

Umlando wakuqala wepeni elinomgodi ohlehlela emuva ngekhulu le-10 AD. Ngo-953, UMa'ād al-Mu'izz, i-Fatimid Caliph yaseGibhithe, wafuna ipeni elalingeke ligcotshe izandla zakhe noma izingubo zakhe, futhi wanikezwa ipeni elalibamba uyinki emthonjeni futhi eliyilethe ku-nip.&lt;ref name=&quot;bosworth1981&quot;&gt;{{Citation|journal=[[Journal of Semitic Studies]]|volume=XXVI|issue=i|date=Autumn 1981|title=A Mediaeval Islamic Prototype of the Fountain Pen?|first=C. E.|last=Bosworth}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le peni kungenzeka futhi ukuthi layiyi-fountain pen, kodwa indlela yayo ayaziwa, futhi kutholakale irekhodi elilodwa kuphela elikhuluma ngayo. Ipensela  lokugcina lokubhukuda lakhiwa ngo-1636. Ku-Deliciae Physico-Mathematicae (1636), umsunguli waseJalimane UDaniel Schwenter wachaza ipeni elenziwe ngamapeni amabili. I-peni eyodwa yayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina uyinki ngaphakathi kwenye i-pen. Uyinki wawuvalelwa ngaphakathi kwepeni nge-cork. Uyinki wawucindezelwe emgodini omncane kuze kufikelele endaweni yokubhala. Ngo-1809, uBartholomew Folsch wathola i-patent e- eNgilandi yepensela elinomgodi we-yinki.&lt;ref name=&quot;bosworth1981&quot; /&gt;

Umfundi waseParis, UPetrache Poenaru waseRomania wasungula ipeni lomthombo elalisetshenziswa ipeni njengethange likayinki. Uhulumeni WaseFrance wakhipha imvume yalokhu ngoMeyi 1827. I-Fountain pen patent kanye nokukhiqizwa kwanda ngawo-1850.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Intandane</title>
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[[File:Thomas_Benjamin_Kennington_-_Orphans.jpg|right|thumb|''Izintandane'' zikaThomas Kennington, uwoyela odwangwini, 1885]]
Intandane ingumntwana abazali bakhe asebashona, abangaziwa, noma abamshiye unomphela. Isichazamazwi i-Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, uhlelo lwesithathu, sichaza leli gama ngokuthi: &quot;Umuntu ohlukaniswe nokufa noyise noma unina, noma (ngokuvamile) bobabili; ingane engenayise noma engenamina.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orphan|url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/orphan_n?tab=factsheet#32956461|work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|access-date=2 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwezinye izilimi, njengesiSwidish, leli gama lisho &quot;ongenabazali&quot; futhi alicaci kahle ukuthi abazali bashonile, abaziwa, noma babalekile, kodwa ngokuvamile libhekisela enganeni noma kumuntu osemusha. [kudingeka umthombo]

Ngokuvamile, ingane kuphela elahlekelwe bobabili abazali ngenxa yokufa ebizwa ngokuthi intandane. Lapho kubhekiselwa ezilwaneni, isimo sikamama kuphela esivame ukufaneleka (okungukuthi, uma umzali wesifazane ehambile, abantwana bayintandane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sikayise sinjani).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=orphan|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/orphan?s=t|website=Dictionary.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izincazelo ==
Amaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzisa izincazelo ezahlukahlukene ukuze athole izintandane. Enye incazelo engokomthetho esetshenziswa e-[[IMelika|I-United States]] ukulahlekelwa okuncane &quot;ngokufa noma ukunyamalala, ukushiywa noma ukuhlubuka, noma ukuhlukana noma ukulahlekelwa, bobabili abazali&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=USCIS definition for immigration purposes|url=http://www.uscis.gov/tools/glossary/orphan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730071530/https://www.uscis.gov/tools/glossary/orphan|archive-date=2019-07-30|accessdate=2015-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lapho isetshenziswa nsuku zonke, intandane ayinabo abazali abasindile ababenakekelayo. Kodwa-ke, i-United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), i-Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), namanye amaqembu abiza noma yimuphi ingane elahlekelwe umzali oyedwa njengentandane. Kulendlela, ''intandane yomama'' ingumntwana onina oshonile, ''intandane kababa'' ingumntwana ongenabababababe oshonile, kanti intandane kabili ingumntwana olahlekelwe bobabili abazali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNAIDS Global Report 2008|url=https://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/jc1510_2008_global_report_pp11_28_en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617203004/http://data.unaids.org/pub/globalreport/2008/jc1510_2008_global_report_pp11_28_en.pdf|archive-date=2019-06-17|accessdate=2023-08-14|website=UN AIDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okudala kwe-half-orphan ukuchaza izingane ezalahlekelwa umzali oyedwa kuphela.

== Inani labantu ==
Izintandane ziyivelakancane emazweni asethuthukile ngoba izingane eziningi zingalindela bobabili abazali bazo ukuba basinde ebuntwaneni babo. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezintandane likhona emazweni agcwele impi njenge-[[I-Afganistani|I-Afghanistan]].
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Izwekazi
!Inani lezintandane (1000s) &lt;br /&gt;
!Izintandane njengephesenti lazo zonke izingane&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|I-Afrika
| align=&quot;right&quot; |34,294
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11.9%
|-
|I-Asia
| align=&quot;right&quot; |65,504
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6.5%
|-
|ILatin America &amp; Caribbean
| align=&quot;right&quot; |8,166
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7.4%
|-
|Ingqikithi
| align=&quot;right&quot; |107,964
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7.6%
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Unyaka
!Izwe
!Izintandane njenge % yazo zonke izingane 
!Izintandane zengculaza njenge % yezintandane 
!Izintandane Zonke
!Izintandane (ezihlobene ne-AIDS) 
!Umama (ingqikithi) 
!Umama (ohlobene ne-AIDS) 
!Ubaba (ingqikithi) 
!Ubaba (ohlobene ne-AIDS) 
!Ukuphindeka kabili (ingqikithi) 
!Imbali (ihlobene ne-AIDS) 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1990
|[[IButswana|IBotswana]]
|5.9
|3.0
|34,000
|1,000
|14,000
|&lt; 100
|23,000
|1,000
|2,000
|&lt; 100
|-
|[[OSotho|I-Lesotho]]
|10.6
|2.9
|73,000
|&lt; 100
|31,000
|&lt; 100
|49,000
|&lt; 100
|8,000
|&lt; 100
|-
|[[IMalawi]]
|11.8
|5.7
|524,000
|30,000
|233,000
|11,000
|346,000
|23,000
|55,000
|6,000
|-
|[[IYuganda|I-Uganda]]
|12.2
|17.4
|1,015,000
|177,000
|437,000
|72,000
|700,000
|138,000
|122,000
|44,000
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1995
|IBotswana
|8.3
|33.7
|55,000
|18,000
|19,000
|7,000
|37,000
|13,000
|5,000
|3,000
|-
|I-Lesotho
|10.3
|5.5
|77,000
|4,000
|31,000
|1,000
|52,000
|4,000
|7,000
|1,000
|-
|IMalawi
|14.2
|24.6
|664,000
|163,000
|305,000
|78,000
|442,000
|115,000
|83,000
|41,000
|-
|I-Uganda
|14.9
|42.4
|1,456,000
|617,000
|720,000
|341,000
|1,019,000
|450,000
|282,000
|211,000
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2001
|IBotswana
|15.1
|70.5
|98,000
|69,000
|69,000
|58,000
|91,000
|69,000
|62,000
|61,000
|-
|I-Lesotho
|17.0
|53.5
|137,000
|73,000
|66,000
|38,000
|108,000
|63,000
|37,000
|32,000
|-
|IMalawi
|17.5
|49.9
|937,000
|468,000
|506,000
|282,000
|624,000
|315,000
|194,000
|159,000
|-
|I-Uganda
|14.6
|51.1
|1,731,000
|884,000
|902,000
|517,000
|1,144,000
|581,000
|315,000
|257,000
|}

* Izibalo zika-2001 kusukela embikweni we-UNICEF/UNAIDS ka-2002&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=TvT Associates/The Synergy Project|date=July 2002|title=Children on the Brink 2002: A Joint Report on Orphan Estimates and Program Strategies|url=http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/aids/Publications/docs/childrenbrink.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031223185028/http://www.usaid.gov/pop_health/aids/Publications/docs/childrenbrink.pdf|archive-date=December 23, 2003|publisher=UNAIDS and UNICEF}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-'''[[IShayina|IChina]]''': Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yi-Ministry of Civil Affairs ngo-2005 kwabonisa ukuthi i-China inezintandane ezingaba ngu-573,000 ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 22, 2009|title=China to insure orphans as preventitive health measure_English_Xinhua|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/21/content_11745889.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722133157/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/21/content_11745889.htm|archive-date=2009-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-'''[[IRashiya|IRussia]]''': Ngokwemibiko yaseRussia ka-2002 ecashunwe ku-''I-New York Times,'', izingane ezingu-650,000 zilaliswe ezikhungweni zezintandane. Bakhululwa beneminyaka engu-16, futhi u-40% aba abangenamakhaya, kuyilapho u-30% eba yizigebengu noma bazibulale.
* ''ILatin America'': Izingane zasemgwaqweni zinokubakhona okukhulu eLatin America; abanye balinganisela ukuthi kunezingane zasemigwaqweni ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-40 eLatin America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tacon |first=P. |year=1982 |title=Carlinhos: the hard gloss of city polish |publisher=UNICEF news}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakuba kungeyona yonke izingane zasemgwaqweni eyizintandane, zonke izingane zasemigwaqweni zisebenza futhi eziningi azinazo ukusekelwa okuphawulekayo komndeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Scanlon |first=TJ |year=1998 |title=Street children in Latin America |journal=BMJ |volume=316 |issue=7144 |pages=1596–2100 |doi=10.1136/bmj.316.7144.1596 |pmc=1113205 |pmid=9596604}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[IMelika|I-United States]]''': Izingane ezingaba yizigidi ezimbili e-United States (noma ezingaba amaphesenti angu-2.7 ezingane) zinomama noma ubaba oshonile. Izingane ezingaba ngu-100,000 zilahlekelwe bobabili abazali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Weaver |first=David |date=5 September 2019 |title=Parental Mortality and Outcomes among Minor and Adult Children |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3471209 |ssrn=3471209}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

== Uhlu Lwezincwadi ==

* UJohn, uBullen &quot;Izintandane, Iziwula, Iziwula Zokuhlanya, Neziwula Eziningi: Izindlela Zamuva Zomlando Wezenhlalakahle Engane eCanada,&quot; Histoire Sociale: Social History, May 1985, Vol. 18 Umagazini 35, amakhasi 133-145
* Harrington, Joel F. &quot;Umntwana Ongathandeki: Ukudalelwa Kwabantwana Abalahliwe, Izintandane Nezigebengu Zentsha eJalimane Lesimanje Lokuqala (2009) 
* UKeating, uJanie. I-A Child for Keeps: Umlando Wokuthathwa KwamaSuku eNgilandi, 1918-45 (2009) 
* Miller, Timothy S. Izintandane ZaseByzantium: Inhlalakahle Engane eMbusweni WamaKristu (2009) 
* USafley, uThomas Max. ''Izingane Zabampofu Abasebenzayo: Ukulindela Nokuhlangenwe nakho Phakathi Kwezintandane Zase-Augsburg Yokuqala Yanamuhla'' (2006) 
* [Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 9] &quot;I-colony yezintandane: Indawo yezintandokazi, ingane negunya eBritish India,&quot; Indian Economic and Social History Review, Oct-Dec 2007, Vol. 44 Umagazini 4, amakhasi 463-488
* UTerpstra, uNicholas. Izingane Ezilahliwe Zenkathi Yempucuko Yase-Italy: Ukunakekelwa Kwezintandane eFlorence naseBologna (2005) 
* {{Cite book |last=Rezzutti |first=Paulo |year=2019 |title=D. Pedro II: a história não contada: O último imperador do Novo Mundo revelado por cartas e documentos inéditos |publisher=Leya |isbn=978-85-7734-677-6 |location= |language=pt}}
* {{Cite book |last=Barman |first=Roderick J. |year=1999 |title=Citizen Emperor: Pedro&amp;nbsp;II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-3510-0 |location=Stanford, California}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lira |first=Heitor |year=1977 |title=História de Dom Pedro&amp;nbsp;II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870) |publisher=Itatiaia |volume=1 |location=Belo Horizonte |language=pt |ref={{sfnRef|Lira 1977, Vol 1}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schwarcz |first=Lilia Moritz |year=1998 |title=As barbas do Imperador: D. Pedro&amp;nbsp;II, um monarca nos trópicos |url=https://archive.org/details/asbarbasdoimpera00schw |publisher=Companhia das Letras |isbn=978-85-7164-837-1 |edition=2nd |location=São Paulo |language=pt}}</text>
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    <title>Umqombothi wesizulu</title>
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      <comment>konke kubhalwe yimi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2765" sha1="89d2cnhe3uh8shjyd6sk6s4qft4hime" xml:space="preserve">'''UMQOMBOTHI WESIZULU'''

Umqombothi yisiphuzo sesintu sakwaZulu esenziwa ngesandla.Akubona utshwala obakhandelwa ukudakiswa kodwa wuphawu lobunye ,inhlonipho,nobuzwe nemfudumalo.Endulo lesisiphuzo wawungaphumi ekhaya ungasiphuzanga ngoba kunane sisho esithi isisu somhambi singangenso yenyoni. Emakhaya esiZulu ,awukho umsebenzi umsebenzi omkhulu ongaphothulwa ngaphandle komqombothi  kungaba umshado,umemulo,noma kukhushulwa asebadlula emhlabeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Matumba |first=Limbikani |last2=Monjerezi |first2=Maurice |last3=Khonga |first3=Elenimo B. |last4=Lakudzala |first4=Deliwe D. |date=2011-02 |title=Aflatoxins in sorghum, sorghum malt and traditional opaque beer in southern Malawi |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.008 |journal=Food Control |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=266–268 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.07.008 |issn=0956-7135}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''SENZIWA KANJANI''

Impuphu okanye umbila ogayiwe

amabele abamvu

imvubelo

amanzi afudumele&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2004-12-03 |title=Flavor Ingredients A |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420037876-7 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-12497-6 |pages=31–150}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''INDLELA YOKWENZA UMQOMBOTHI''

'''UKUXUBA'''

kuxutshwa impuphu namabele kuhlanganiswe namanzi afudumele,kwenziwe idokwe.lelidokwelishiywa ubusuku bonke endaweni efudumele.kkufakwa imvubelo kancane.kusa libila selinephunga elimuncu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Çaylı |first=Gökhan |last2=Küsefoğlu |first2=Selim |date=2008-02 |title=Increased yields in biodiesel production from used cooking oils by a two step process: Comparison with one step process by using TGA |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.020 |journal=Fuel Processing Technology |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=118–122 |doi=10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.020 |issn=0378-3820}}&lt;/ref&gt;

liyabiswa idokwebese lihlungwa ngesefo.Amanziasele abazwi ngokuthi 'isgwebedla'.Kuphinda kwengezwe Amabele kanye namanzi bese kushiwa kanjaloukuze kuqhubeke ukuvubeleka.Ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu usuke usulungile umqombothi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fancourt |first=Daisy |date=2017-07-20 |title=A step-by-step approach to the research process |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0010 |journal=Oxford Scholarship Online |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ube usuhluzwa ngevovo laphoke usuke usulungele ukuphuzwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Çaylı |first=Gökhan |last2=Küsefoğlu |first2=Selim |date=2008-02 |title=Increased yields in biodiesel production from used cooking oils by a two step process: Comparison with one step process by using TGA |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.020 |journal=Fuel Processing Technology |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=118–122 |doi=10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.06.020 |issn=0378-3820}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="1549" sha1="4xnrbdmyhhddkr3vzhc98921yfyuiki" xml:space="preserve">I-NPR77 (eyasungulwa ngo-2026), iyipulatifomu yokudlala imidlalo yedijithali esekwe eNepal ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukene zokudlala imidlalo yedijithali. Yasungulwa njengensizakalo yokuzijabulisa eku-inthanethi eyenzelwe abasebenzisi abadala abanentshisekelo yokudlala imidlalo yedijithali. Le pulatifomu inikeza izici ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana futhi ifaka izinhlelo ezihloselwe ukusekela ukufinyeleleka, ukuphathwa kwama-akhawunti, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okuvamile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Partners|first=T. I.|date=2026-03-18|title=Tan Sri Ngai Koh Peng: The Visionary Behind NPR77 Nepal|url=https://www.tekedia.com/tan-sri-ngai-koh-peng-founder-visionary-of-npr77-nepal/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Tekedia|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Le pulatifomu inikeza imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yomsebenzisi, kufaka phakathi izidingo zokufaneleka kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yesifunda esebenzayo. Iphinde ichaze izici zokulawula umsebenzisi ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zayo ngokwethembeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=NPR77|date=2026-03-26|title=NPR77 Launches Online Casino Platform in Nepal Featuring Live Dealers and Sports Betting Services|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/03/26/3262944/0/en/npr77-launches-online-casino-platform-in-nepal-featuring-live-dealers-and-sports-betting-services.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=GlobeNewswire News Room|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Isixhumanisi sangaphandle ==
{{Official website|https://npr77casino.com/}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:Usm-Jun</title>
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        <username>Usm-Jun</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Sawubona!&quot;</comment>
      <origin>130330</origin>
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      <text bytes="9" sha1="m1vjj10npguhne0qclmvwvz11tlkbwm" xml:space="preserve">Sawubona!</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Utshani bokufulela</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Sphelele sizwe Mbatha</username>
        <id>27428</id>
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      <comment>konke kuqanjwe yimi</comment>
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      <text bytes="1701" sha1="1i4mxx5qazis77smcmyier6vpjfrdrf" xml:space="preserve">'''UTSHANI BOKUFULELA IZINDLU'''

Utshani bokufulela bubizwa ngokuthi ukhasi .Lolu uhlobo lohlaza olukhethekile obusetshenziswa ukufulela izindlu zesiZulu zendabuko njengama qhugwane nama londo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reaves |first=Leon LeRoy |title=Effectiveness of various types of roofing nails |url=https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180817-6772}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''IZINHLOBO ZOTSHANI BOKUFULELA''

A-Umcece- Lolu wutshani olubomvu ,olude futhi luqinile kakhulu.Yilona oluthandwa kakhulu ngoba luhlala iskhathi eside&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supplemental Information 2: Feature length density distributions for exposure and two common vegetation types on the BC Coast|url=https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17967/supp-2|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

B-Inqoloba-Ithambambile isikeka kalula,luyafaneleka futhi kuphahla imvamisa yilo olujwayelekile ekufulelweni izindlu kodwa aluhlali iskhathi eside kuphahla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supplemental Information 2: Feature length density distributions for exposure and two common vegetation types on the BC Coast|url=https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17967/supp-2|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

''INDLELA YOKUFULELA''

Kuvamisile ukuthi kufulele amadoda ezindlini.Kuqala kwakhiwe udonga bese kubekwa izingodo noma ama plangwe phekodonga ngendlela eyisfiso somakhi wendlu.Kunqunyiswa ucingo phekwezingodo bese kubekwa izintungo utshani obuncane okungamaqoqa bese kuboshwa ngomsizi noma intambo ukuze kuqine .Uma sekuqediwe phezulu kuvalwa ngesigqoko esebizwa ngescoco&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=polewitermi |first=yurenkikas |date=2026-05-01 |title=(Crafted by) Grass Roof, Tin Roof by Dao Strom |url=https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.4kkihwsg.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ulimi lwakwazulu</title>
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      <comment>AKUKHO</comment>
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      <text bytes="2325" sha1="2iyn65b28uz1lt94jaxvutoaucrfctz" xml:space="preserve">'''umsuka walo''' 

isizulu singolunye lwezilimi ezinkulu ENingizimu Afrika. Sikhulunywa yizigidi zabantu ikakhulukazi Kwazulu Natal, eGoli naseMpumalamga. Singaphansi komndeni wezilimi zesinguni kanye nesixhosa nesiswati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ntshangase |first=Sicelo Ziphozonke |last2=Zulu |first2=Sibonelo Edgar |date=2024-06 |title=Using proverbial and idiomatic expressions to teach the values of Ubuntu to isiZulu Home Language learners |url=https://doi.org/10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |journal=Journal for Language Teaching |volume=58 |issue=1 |doi=10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |issn=2958-9320}}&lt;/ref&gt;


'''ubuhle besizulu''' 

U&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sanders |first=Mark |date=2016-03-22 |title=Learning Zulu |url=https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691167565.001.0001 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-16756-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;buhle besizulu busekuhlonopheni. sinesizotha. isibonelo uma ukhuluma nomuntu omdala awuthi wena uthi nina uma ukhuluma nenkosi uthi Bayede!. Lokhu kukhombisa inhlonipho ejulile.


Isizulu sinothile ngezusho nangezaga. uma sithi induku enhle igawula ezizweni sisho ukuthi umuntu omuhle utholakala ezizweni noma endaweni ekude. uma sithi akukho qili lazikhotha emhlane sisho ukuthi amaqili agcine ehluliw.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ntshangase |first=Sicelo Ziphozonke |last2=Zulu |first2=Sibonelo Edgar |date=2024-06 |title=Using proverbial and idiomatic expressions to teach the values of Ubuntu to isiZulu Home Language learners |url=https://doi.org/10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |journal=Journal for Language Teaching |volume=58 |issue=1 |doi=10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |issn=2958-9320}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''isizulu mamuhla'''

Namuhla isizulu siyaphila siyasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emsekazweni, ezinkantolo nasemaphalamende. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukufunda sona isizulu sinomculo omnandi uma sikhulunywa. Kodwa kumele sisivikele. kumele sifundise izingane ezisakhula emakhaya ukukhuluma singashintshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ntshangase |first=Sicelo Ziphozonke |last2=Zulu |first2=Sibonelo Edgar |date=2024-06 |title=Using proverbial and idiomatic expressions to teach the values of Ubuntu to isiZulu Home Language learners |url=https://doi.org/10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |journal=Journal for Language Teaching |volume=58 |issue=1 |doi=10.56285/jltvol58iss1a6243 |issn=2958-9320}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>Isitsha</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Dishes on a shelf.jpg|thumb|Isitsha]] ISITSHA  '''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile [[empilweni]] yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|acc...&quot;</comment>
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ISITSHA

'''Isitsha''' siyinto ebalulekile [[empilweni]] yansuku zonke yomuntu. Igama elithi isitsha lisho into esetshenziswa ukubeka, ukugcina noma ukuphakela ukudla. Emasikweni esiZulu, isitsha asisona nje into yokusebenzisa kuphela, kodwa siwuphawu lobuhle, ubuciko kanye nobuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=9596|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlobo Zezitsha

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitsha ngokwesiko nangokwesimanje.

Okokuqala, kukhona izitsha zobumba. Lezi zitsha zenziwa ngobumba oluthathwa emfuleni bese luyabunjwa lube yizitsha ezinhle. Izitsha zobumba zazisetshenziswa kakhulu endulo ukupheka, ukugcina amanzi kanye nokugcina utshwala besiZulu. Zaziqinile futhi zigcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, kukhona izitsha zokhuni ezibizwa ngokuthi imiqhongo noma izingxenge. Lezi zenziwa ngokugwazwa isigodo somuthi. Zazisetshenziselwa ukuphakela amasi, inyama kanye nokunye ukudla kwesintu. Ubuciko bokwenza lezi zitsha budluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesithathu, kunezitsha zesimanje ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, ngensimbi kanye ngengilazi. Lezi sezithathe indawo enkulu emakhaya amaningi ngenxa yokuthi zilula ukuwasha futhi aziphuki kalula.

Ukubaluleka Kwesitsha Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, isitsha sinencazelo ejulile. Uma umuntu evakashele ekhaya, uphakelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile njengophawu lwenhlonipho nokumemukela. Isitsha esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba sisetshenziselwa ukugcina utshwala besintu futhi sivame ukusetshenziswa emicimbini efana nomkhosi womhlanga, umemulo kanye nomshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitsha sifundisa ukwabelana. Uma ukudla kuphakelwe esitsheni esisodwa esikhulu, abantu bayahlanganyela badle ndawonye, okukhuthaza ubumbano nothando.

Isitsha [[siwumgogodla]] wempilo yasekhaya. Noma ngabe esobumba, esokhuni noma esepulasitiki, injongo yaso iyafana - ukondla, ukugcina nokuhlanganisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuthi njengentsha yakwaZulu, silondoloze ulwazi ngobuciko bokwenza izitsha zendabuko ukuze isiko lethu lingalahleki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zulu cuisine: the dishes and traditions (UG)|url=https://www.southafrica.net/ug/en/travel/article/zulu-cuisine-the-dishes-and-traditions|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.southafrica.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Siwumgogodla]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot; '''Umkhakha Wezomculo'''  '''Umkhakha wezomculo''' uyisigaba somsebenzi esibandakanya ukudalwa, ukukhiqizwa nokusabalaliswa komculo. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa abaculi, abakhiqizi bomculo, ababhali bezingoma kanye nabaphathi bemicimbi. ENingizimu Afrika, umculo uyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina amasiko nokudlulisa imiyalezo emphakathini. Kusukela ngo-1994, umkhakha wezomculo ukhule kakhulu futhi wanikeza abantu abaningi amathuba emisebenzi kanye nethuba lokwazisa izwe ngobuci...&quot;</comment>
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'''Umkhakha Wezomculo'''

'''Umkhakha wezomculo''' uyisigaba somsebenzi esibandakanya ukudalwa, ukukhiqizwa nokusabalaliswa komculo. Lo mkhakha uhlanganisa abaculi, abakhiqizi bomculo, ababhali bezingoma kanye nabaphathi bemicimbi. ENingizimu Afrika, umculo uyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina amasiko nokudlulisa imiyalezo emphakathini. Kusukela ngo-1994, umkhakha wezomculo ukhule kakhulu futhi wanikeza abantu abaningi amathuba emisebenzi kanye nethuba lokwazisa izwe ngobuciko balo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=Industry%253A%2BMusic%2Bin%2Bthe%2BCloud%26oq%3DWikstrom%252C%2BP.%2B(2013).%2BThe%2BMusic%2BIndustry%253A%2BMusic%2Bin%2Bthe%2B&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;
[[https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ida_Paul_-_Ilosaarirock_2018_-_02.jpg|link=File:Ida_Paul_-_Ilosaarirock_2018_-_02.jpg|thumb|Isthombe somculi]]
Abaculi abadumile njenge Brenda Fassie, Hugh Masekela, kanye no Black Coffee badlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo waseNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlobo zomculo ezifana neMaskandi, Gospel, Hip-Hop, Jazz ne[[Amapiano|-Amapiano]] zikhombisa ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko nobuciko. Ikakhulukazi i-Amapiano isiphenduke uhlobo lomculo oludume kakhulu entsheni futhi yakhuphula amathuba emisebenzi kubaculi abasha.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=Industry%253A%2BMusic%2Bin%2Bthe%2BCloud%26oq%3DWikstrom%252C%2BP.%2B(2013).%2BThe%2BMusic%2BIndustry%253A%2BMusic%2Bin%2Bthe%2B&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bushintshe indlela umculo owenziwa futhi osatshalaliswa ngayo. Izinkundla ezifana no Spotify kanye no YouTube zenza kube lula ukuthi abaculi bafinyelele izethameli zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umkhakha wezomculo awugcini nje ngokuba umthombo wokuzijabulisa, kodwa futhi uyinsika ebalulekile emnothweni nasekuthuthukiseni isiko lesizwe.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=Frith%2C+S.+(2001).+The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Pop+and+Rock.+Cambridge&amp;oq=Frith%2C+S.&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCAgAEEUYJ&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imthombo yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
hlela

[[Special:Categories|uMunxa]]:[[:Category:Umculo|Umculo]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Umqombothi&quot;</comment>
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UMQOMBOTHI

Umqombothi wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.

== Izinkomba ==
1. Doke, C. M. &amp; Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. Witwatersrand University Press, 2005: p. 632.

2. Nyembezi, C. L. S. Zulu Proverbs and Culture. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2007: p. 98.

3. Canonici, N. N. Traditional Zulu Beverages and Food. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014: p. 45.</text>
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'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.

== Izinkomba ==
1. Doke, C. M. &amp; Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. Witwatersrand University Press, 2005: p. 632.

2. Nyembezi, C. L. S. Zulu Proverbs and Culture. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2007: p. 98.

3. Canonici, N. N. Traditional Zulu Beverages and Food. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014: p. 45.</text>
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'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.

== Izinkomba ==


2. Nyembezi, C. L. S. Zulu Proverbs and Culture. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2007: p. 98.

3. Canonici, N. N. Traditional Zulu Beverages and Food. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014: p. 45.</text>
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'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - ViewProduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/Store/ViewProduct/?ProductId=10583|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.

== Izinkomba ==

.

3. Canonici, N. N. Traditional Zulu Beverages and Food. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014: p. 45.</text>
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'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - ViewProduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/Store/ViewProduct/?ProductId=10583|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Canonici |first=Noverino N. |date=1996 |title=Zulu Oral Traditions |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_Oral_Traditions.html?id=woXfAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Zulu Language &amp; Literature, University of Natal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

.</text>
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UMQOMBOTHI

'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa ngezithako zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

Idokwe liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - ViewProduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/Store/ViewProduct/?ProductId=10583|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Canonici |first=Noverino N. |date=1996 |title=Zulu Oral Traditions |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_Oral_Traditions.html?id=woXfAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Zulu Language &amp; Literature, University of Natal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

.</text>
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UMQOMBOTHI

'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa [[ngezithako]] zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

[[Idokwe]] liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - ViewProduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/Store/ViewProduct/?ProductId=10583|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Canonici |first=Noverino N. |date=1996 |title=Zulu Oral Traditions |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_Oral_Traditions.html?id=woXfAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Zulu Language &amp; Literature, University of Natal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

.
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Idokwe]]</text>
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    <title>User:LondiweBridget/Draft 7</title>
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      <comment>ngifake i draft yesikhombisa</comment>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="98iz8gzza1kehp9ik2sm75h313cs1zx" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami esikhombisa</text>
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      <id>130388</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:28:34Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Ngibhale iArticle</comment>
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      <text bytes="1188" sha1="8f8j0hhosdu2m921aw1n5e1r94tu0xi" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

Inhlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe amanzi ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni isikhumba, futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.</text>
      <sha1>8f8j0hhosdu2m921aw1n5e1r94tu0xi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130389</id>
      <parentid>130388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngibhale igama lokuqala ngaliqamisa</comment>
      <origin>130389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" sha1="58ojua8v5v3vblm5wz7rcnozdpo5e1e" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe amanzi ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni isikhumba, futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.</text>
      <sha1>58ojua8v5v3vblm5wz7rcnozdpo5e1e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130392</id>
      <parentid>130389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:32:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngibhale isihloko sama linki</comment>
      <origin>130392</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1219" sha1="fll8bahomn9qnugg24ucqy9ukbhoto1" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe amanzi ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye abantu bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni isikhumba, futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>fll8bahomn9qnugg24ucqy9ukbhoto1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130394</id>
      <parentid>130392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:36:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngifake amalinki amathathu ezigabeni ezintathu</comment>
      <origin>130394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1276" sha1="rm8k9mbs1lgs22890n91n59446huowt" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>rm8k9mbs1lgs22890n91n59446huowt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130397</id>
      <parentid>130394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:40:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake ilinki yokuqala</comment>
      <origin>130397</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1381" sha1="jk1lfpyfmttes1r75xpo9xl6gfkf2cy" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>jk1lfpyfmttes1r75xpo9xl6gfkf2cy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130398</id>
      <parentid>130397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:42:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngifake ilinki kwisigaba sesibili</comment>
      <origin>130398</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1489" sha1="ja6ogactgufzruzh8fmixy1txa0bwzs" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://naturalremedyideas.com/aloe-vera/ Aloe Vera:18 Benefits, Side Effects and How to Use It]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>ja6ogactgufzruzh8fmixy1txa0bwzs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130399</id>
      <parentid>130398</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:44:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake ilinki yesithathu</comment>
      <origin>130399</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1625" sha1="9txvk057h4siktxztli5vuw9i7pcsk5" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://naturalremedyideas.com/aloe-vera/ Aloe Vera:18 Benefits, Side Effects and How to Use It]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.almanac.com/plant/aloe-vera Aloe Vera Plant Care Guide: Tips for Thriving Succulents | The Old Farmer's Almanac]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
      <sha1>9txvk057h4siktxztli5vuw9i7pcsk5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130402</id>
      <parentid>130399</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:47:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake iCategory</comment>
      <origin>130402</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1660" sha1="k89ujd9fnreefmbhslowrglp8p1oodm" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://naturalremedyideas.com/aloe-vera/ Aloe Vera:18 Benefits, Side Effects and How to Use It]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.almanac.com/plant/aloe-vera Aloe Vera Plant Care Guide: Tips for Thriving Succulents | The Old Farmer's Almanac]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Imvelo]]</text>
      <sha1>k89ujd9fnreefmbhslowrglp8p1oodm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130404</id>
      <parentid>130402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:48:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake iCategory yesibili</comment>
      <origin>130404</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1681" sha1="1lfb8yfr8f5bvqrr49mx8jd7zium2ao" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://naturalremedyideas.com/aloe-vera/ Aloe Vera:18 Benefits, Side Effects and How to Use It]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.almanac.com/plant/aloe-vera Aloe Vera Plant Care Guide: Tips for Thriving Succulents | The Old Farmer's Almanac]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Imvelo]]
[[Category:Inhlaba]]</text>
      <sha1>1lfb8yfr8f5bvqrr49mx8jd7zium2ao</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130424</id>
      <parentid>130404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:16:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake isithombe</comment>
      <origin>130424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1765" sha1="prx0hey65jvq8pk9bpvnj32yq9xljp4" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesikhombisa


Inhlaba 

'''Inhlaba''' iyisitshalo esiwusizo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba, iyenza inzuzo enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Inhlaba inamaqabunga amade kanti futhi ikuhlaza ngokwebala iphinde isebenze kumuntu onomkhuhlane ekutheni abencono uma ezoyingaya eyikhiphe [[amanzi]] ayo aphuze noma ayichathe, uyalulama. Lesi isitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezomile ngoba sidinga amanzi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epicgardening.com/types-of-aloe/ 37 Types of Aloe Plants With Names and Pictures]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Aloe aculeata (7996914829).jpg|thumb|310x310px|Inhlaba yaseNingizimu Africa]]
Kukhona ijeli etholakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga enhlaba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekunakekeleni isikhumba. Abanye [[Abantu abansundu|abantu]] bayisebenzisa ekusizeni ukuthambisa isikhumba esomile kanye nokupholisa isikhumba esilimele.Inhlaba iphinde itholakale neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela umzimba. Kulula ukutshala inhlaba ekhaya ngoba ayidingi ukunakekelwa kakhulu. Idinga ukukhanya okwanele, inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle kanye nokuniselwa okulinganiselwe. Uma iniselwa kakhulu, izimpande zayo zingabola.&lt;ref&gt;[https://naturalremedyideas.com/aloe-vera/ Aloe Vera:18 Benefits, Side Effects and How to Use It]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngamafuphi, ihlaba iyisitshalo esiwusizo futhi esilula ukusinakekela. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ekunakekeleni [[Isikhumba senkomo ( Inyama)|isikhumba]], futhi ingaba isitshalo esihle ukuba naso ekhaya noma engadini. Kubalulekile nokho ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nhlaba ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.almanac.com/plant/aloe-vera Aloe Vera Plant Care Guide: Tips for Thriving Succulents | The Old Farmer's Almanac]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Imvelo]]
[[Category:Inhlaba]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Umqombothi_in_Langa.jpg|thumb|Umqombothi]] UMQOMBOTHI  '''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://book...&quot;</comment>
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UMQOMBOTHI

'''Umqombothi''' wuphawu olubalulekile lwesiko lamaZulu namaXhosa. Wutshwala besintu obwenziwa ngesandla ekhaya. Egameni lesiZulu, igama elithi umqombothi livela esenzweni esithi ukuqombotha, okusho ukubilisa nokuvubela. Lolu tshwala aludakisi kakhulu uma lwenziwe ngendlela yesintu futhi lusetshenziselwa imicimbi yesiko hhayi ukudakwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=1953 |title=Zulu-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_English_Dictionary.html?id=FMANAAAAYAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Witwatersrand University Press |isbn=978-0-85494-027-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wenziwa Ngani Umqombothi

Umqombothi wenziwa [[ngezithako]] zesintu.

Okokuqala, ummbila, okubizwa ngokuthi amaBele. Okwesibili, i-malt sorghum, okubizwa ngokuthi amazimba noma amabele ebomvu. Okwesithathu, amanzi ahlanzekile. Ezinye izindawo zengeza ushukela omncane ukusiza ekuvubeleni.

Indlela Yokwenza Ngokufushane

Okokuqala, ummbila namazimba kuyacwiliswa emanzini ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, kuyagaywa bese kuyaxutshwa namanzi afudumele ebhodweni elikhulu. Le ngxube ibizwa ngokuthi idokwe.

[[Idokwe]] liyashiywa lilale usuku lonke ukuze livubele. Ngemuva kwalokho, liyaphekwa bese liyahlungwa. Okusalayo okungamanzi abomvu kuthululelwa esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi ukhamba. Umqombothi ube usulungele ukuphakelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - ViewProduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/Store/ViewProduct/?ProductId=10583|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka Emasikweni EsiZulu

Esikweni lamaZulu, umqombothi awusona nje utshwala. Uwuphawu lokubumbana. Uma kukhona umkhosi efana nomshado, umemulo, umkhosi womhlanga noma ukuthetha idlozi, ukhamba lomqombothi luyabekwa phakathi. Abantu abadala bayahlala ndawonye baphuze esitsheni esisodwa, okukhombisa ubumbano nenhlonipho.

Umqombothi futhi usetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni namadlozi. Uma umndeni wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisa idlozi ekhaya, umqombothi uyathululwa phansi njengomnikelo.

Umqombothi uyigugu lesiko lethu. Kuyisiphuzo esihlanganisa abantu, esigcina ubuciko bokwenza utshwala ngesandla kanye nesibopho somndeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ulwazi ngokwenza umqombothi ngendlela ehloniphekile nenesizotha ludluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo ukuze isiko lingalahleki. Ukuphuza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzithiba nangokuhlonipha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Canonici |first=Noverino N. |date=1996 |title=Zulu Oral Traditions |url=https://books.google.co.za/books/about/Zulu_Oral_Traditions.html?id=woXfAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y |publisher=Zulu Language &amp; Literature, University of Natal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
.
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isidleke&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="921" sha1="bs8xz6peifqaj5vi4s39phg3ge5lrf2" xml:space="preserve">Isidleke

Isidleke yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.

Izinkomba

1. Doke, C. M. &amp; Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. Wits University Press, 2005: p. 345.

2. Dent, G. R. &amp; Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010: p. 198.

3. Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010: p. 67.</text>
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      <text bytes="926" sha1="0wsrmrk66wqcx9kc9c7krub6rcj6551" xml:space="preserve">Isidleke

Isidleke yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.

== Izinkomba ==
1. Doke, C. M. &amp; Vilakazi, B. W. Zulu-English Dictionary. Wits University Press, 2005: p. 345.

2. Dent, G. R. &amp; Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010: p. 198.

3. Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010: p. 67.</text>
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      <text bytes="1109" sha1="an9icxisrx2oy6gk8tlsxwt1ejl87uv" xml:space="preserve">Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.

== Izinkomba ==


2. Dent, G. R. &amp; Nyembezi, C. L. S. Scholar's Zulu Dictionary. Shuter &amp; Shooter, 2010: p. 198.

3. Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010: p. 67.</text>
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      <text bytes="1211" sha1="qo4q206jgybeatm1rqmsiy0ir7wvj5z" xml:space="preserve">Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.

== Izinkomba ==
3. Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010: p. 67.</text>
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Isidleke yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1289" sha1="9q3unn32n84t790qrxzeyq9byy3md2i" xml:space="preserve">Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isidleke''' yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isidleke''' yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye isilwane ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba sivikela amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isidleke''' yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye [[isilwane]] ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba [[sivikela]] amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Sivikela]]</text>
      <sha1>b7xnix9d21ptscjgf3k6t81zqx3wg0v</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>*Draft 10</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T15:21:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Soyiya</username>
        <id>25421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngibhale i draft yesi 10</comment>
      <origin>130380</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3167" sha1="o3vj1ns75565nox1gxw4neqsvotdqyx" xml:space="preserve">== Ukuvalwa kwamajele eNetherland ==
'''Ukuvalwa kwamajele''' kulelizwe kushiwo ukwehla kwesibalo samajele asebenzayo kanye nezikhungo zokuboshwa kusukela ngonyaka ka-2009, okudalwa ukwehla kwezinga lobugebengu ezweni kanye nokwehla kwenani labantu abavalelwe ejele. I-Netherlands inelinye lamazinga aphansi kakhulu okuboshwa kwabantu e-Europe. Kusukela ngo-2023 izinga lokuboshwa kwabantu beliphansi kakhulu. Izinto eziwumthelela kulokhu kwehla ukugxila ekulungisweni kokuziphatha kwesiboshwa kunokujezisa kuphela, ukusetshenziswa kobucwepheshe bokuqapha imisebenzi yomphakathi kanye nenhlawulo esikhundleni semigomo emfushane yokuboshwa ejele, ukwehla kobugebengu obubikiwe obubikwe kusukela ngo-2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Boone |first=Miranda |last2=Pakes |first2=Francis |last3=van Wingerden |first3=Sigrid |date=2022-07-01 |title=Explaining the collapse of the prison population in the Netherlands: Testing the theories |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819896220 |journal=European Journal of Criminology |language=EN |publisher=SAGE Publications |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=488–505 |doi=10.1177/1477370819896220 |issn=1477-3708}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umnyango wezobulungiswa nezokuphepha waseNetherland uvale cishe amajele nezikhungo zokuboshwa eziwu-29&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-26|title=Netherlands Closes 29 Prisons Amid Reform and Crime Drop|url=https://graminto.com/article/netherlands-prisons-close-reform-crime-drop|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Intopinto|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ngo-2013, uhulumeni wamemezela ukuvalwa kwamajele ayi-19 okwaholela ekulahlekeni kwemisebenzi ecishe ibe wu-2000. Ngenxa yokungabibikho kwabantu abanele ababoshiwe, amajele avaliwe aguqulwe asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene; Izikhungo zabadingwa ukukhoseliwa kanye nezindlu eziphuthumayo zababaleki, ukuqashiswa kwamanye amazwe: Ngo-2015 iNetherlands yasayina isivumelwano neNorway sokuqasha amakamelo ejele ukuze kuhlaliswe iziboshwa zakhona, ukuguqulwa kube ama hhotela, izikhungo zamasiko noma izindawo zokuhlala njenge Lloyd Hotel e-Amsterdam kanye ne-Alibi Hostel eLeeuwarden. Amanye amajele ahlala evuliwe ngenxa yokungabi nazo iziboshwa ezanele angenisa iziboshwa zamanye amazwe.

== Izinkomba ==
1.[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1477370819896220 Explaining the collapse of the prison population in the Netherlands: Testing the theories - Miranda Boone, Francis Pakes, Sigrid van Wingerden, 2022]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sage Journals: Discover world-class research|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Sage Journals|language=en|doi=10.1177/1477370819896220}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

2.[https://intopinto.com/article/netherlands-prisons-close-reform-crime-drop#:~:text=The%20Netherlands%20has%20shut%20down%2029%20prisons%2C%20marking,and%20shorter%20sentences%2C%20prioritizes%20rehabilitation%20over%20lengthy%20incarceration. Netherlands Closes 29 Prisons Amid Reform and Crime Drop · Intopinto]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-26|title=Netherlands Closes 29 Prisons Amid Reform and Crime Drop|url=https://graminto.com/article/netherlands-prisons-close-reform-crime-drop|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Intopinto|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ukubaluleka kwezihlahla</title>
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        <id>25455</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Trees during the sunset in Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, Sidney Island, BC, Canada.jpg|thumb|izihlahla]] ukubaluleka kwezihlahla  '''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cit...&quot;</comment>
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ukubaluleka kwezihlahla

'''Izihlahla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo futhi zidlala indima enkulu ekuphileni kwabantu, izilwane kanye nezitshalo.Zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi, njengasemakhaya, emapaki, emahlathini nasemigwaqweni.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu bazinakekele futhi bazivikele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane zanamuhla nezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=fao.org|title=SOFO 2018 - The State of the World's Forests 2018|url=https://www.fao.org/interactive/state-of-forests/2018/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.fao.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okokuqala, izihlahla zibalulekile ngoba zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ngesikhathi sokwenza i-photosynthesis, izihlahla zisebenzisa i-carbon dioxide bese zikhipha umoya-mpilo Ziphinde zisize ekubambeni ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezihlahla zibe nendawo enempilo kubantu nasezilwaneni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwesibili, izihlahla zisiza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.Zimunca futhi zigcine i-carbon dioxide, okuyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini. Izihlahla eziningi zingasiza nasekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa indawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FOM Programme: Ten Million Trees {{!}} Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment|url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/fom_projectsprogrammes_tenmilliontrees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.dffe.gov.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile futhi ekulondolozeni inhlabathi namanzi. Izimpande zazo zibamba inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okubangelwa umoya namanzi. Zisiza futhi ekubambeni amanzi emvula nasekunciphiseni amathuba ezikhukhula. Amahlathi nezindawo ezinezihlahla zibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ehlanzekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ziyikhaya nokudla kwezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni, izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zithembele ezihlahleni ukuze zithole ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokuzalela. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izihlahla kusiza ekulondolozeni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwaziwa ngokuthi biodiversity.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Katy|date=2026-03-20|title=Celebrating International Day of Forests and the Economic Contribution of South Africa's Planted Forests|url=https://www.forestrysouthafrica.co.za/2026/03/20/celebrating-international-day-of-forests-and-the-economic-contribution-of-south-africas-planted-forests/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Forestry South Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izihlahla zibalulekile nasempilweni nasemnothweni wabantu.Zisinika izithelo, izinkuni, izinto zokwakha, umuthi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.E-South Africa, amahlathi namahlathi amancane (woodlands) anikela ngokudla, izithelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, izinkuni kanye namathuba okuziphilisa emiphakathini eminingi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zwane|first=Tshepiso Maroga &amp; Nosipho|date=2020-0909-1111|title=Arbor Month: Here is why we need MORE trees! {{!}} University Of Pretoria|url=https://www.up.ac.za/sci-enza/news/arbor-month-here-why-we-need-more-trees|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.up.ac.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Isidleke</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Isidleke sezinyoni zezulu.jpg|thumb]] Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  '''Isidleke''' yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye [[isilwane]] ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.  Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacemb...&quot;</comment>
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Isidleke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST16:15:17|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isidleke''' yindawo eyenziwe yinyoni noma esinye [[isilwane]] ukuze ihlale futhi izalele kuyo.

Izinyoni zenza izidleke ngotshani, ngamacembe, ngoboya kanye nangotshani obomile. Ezinye izidleke zakhiwe ezihlahleni, ezinye ophahleni lwendlu, kanti ezinye phansi emhlabathini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isidleke sibalulekile ngoba [[sivikela]] amaqanda namaphuphu emvuleni, emoyeni kanye ezitheni. Emasikweni esiZulu, isidleke sithathwa njengophawu lwekhaya nothando. Njengezinyoni zakha ikhaya labo ngokubekezela, nabantu bafunda ukwakha umndeni wabo ngothando nangezandla zabo.

Ngakho-ke, isidleke sifundisa ukusebenza kanzima, ukubekezela kanye nokunakekela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Client Challenge|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/416471042/9780199079544-pdf|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.scribd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Sivikela]]</text>
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    <title>User:Nxangiphililenzima/Draft5</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isitini&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7" sha1="84pwehs7nz4dyo03rbjg2brgmsgjb7o" xml:space="preserve">Isitini</text>
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      <text bytes="4195" sha1="g8os4batvl8ppjqyaf6t48av4t167n6" xml:space="preserve">Isitini

Nayo le athikili ye-Wikipedia elungiselelwe ngesiZulu mayelana '''nesitini''' (Brick), ehlanganisa umlando, izinhlobo, nendlela yokwenziwa kwaso kanye nezinjombo (references):
----

== Isitini ==
'''Isitini''' siwuhlobo lwezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izindonga, iziphandla (pavements), nezinye izakhiwo ekwakheni. Ngokomlando nangokomthetho, igama elithi isitini libhekisela entweni eyenziwe ngebumba (clay), kodwa esikhathini samanje leli gama selisetshenziswa nasezintweni zokwakha ezenziwe ngekhonkolo (concrete) noma nge-calcium silicate. [1] 

Izitini zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokusebenzisa udaka (mortar) noma ingxube yesamente nesihlabathi ukuze kwakheke isakhiwo esiqinile. [1, 2] 

== Umlando ==
Izitini ziphakathi kwezinto zokwakha ezindala kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.

*
* '''Izitini Zodaka ezomisiwe:''' Izitini zokuqala ngqa zazakhiwa ngezandla ngodaka oluxovekiwe bese zomiswa ngelanga. Zatholakala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Jericho ne-Tell Aswad eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-7,500 BC ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. [3, 4] 
* '''Izitini ezishiswayo (Fired Bricks):''' Ukushiswa kwezitini emililweni (kilns) kwaqala e-Mesopotamia nase-Indus Valley ngabo-4500 BC. Ukushiswa kwenza isitini siqine kakhulu futhi sikwazi ukumelana nemvula nesimo sezulu esibi. [4, 5, 6] 
* '''ENingizimu Afrika:''' Umlando wokwenziwa kwezitini eNingizimu Afrika ubuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka adlule lapho izizwe zomdabu (njengamaZulu namaSotho) zazisebenzisa udaka nenhlabathi ukwakha. Ukufika kwamakoloni kwazisa ubuchwepheshe bezitini ezishiswa ngeziko (kiln-fired bricks), okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziqinile ezisekhona nanamuhla. [6] 
*

== Izithako zokwenza isitini ==
Isitini sebumba sendabuko siqukethe lezi zithako ezilandelayo: [5] 

# '''I-Silica (Isihlabathi):''' 50% – 60% (Sivimbela isitini ukuba siphuke noma sigobe).
# '''I-Alumina (Ibumba):''' 20% – 30% (Sinikeza isitini ukuthambeka ukuze sibumbeke).
# '''I-Lime (Ingcoba/Ukaloni):''' 2% – 5%
# '''Iron Oxide:''' 5% – 6% (Yiyona eyenza isitini sibe nombala obomvu).
# '''Magnesia:''' Ngaphansi kuka-1%.

== Izinhlobo zezitini ==

*
* '''Izitini zeBumba (Clay Bricks):''' Zenziwa ngebumba elishiswe esithonisweni (kiln). Zaziwa ngombala wazo obomvu nokuqina. [2, 4] 
* '''Izitini zeKhonkolo (Concrete Bricks):''' Zenziwa ngesamente, isihlabathi, namatshe amancane. Lezi azishiswa kodwa ziyayekwa zome ngokwamakhemikhali. [4, 7] 
* '''Izitini zobunjiniyela (Engineering Bricks):''' Izitini ezenziwe ngebumba elikhethekile elishiswe ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ziqine kakhulu futhi azingenwa amanzi, zisetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezisekelweni zezakhiwo ezinkulu. [2] 
*

== Indlela yokwenziwa kwazo ==
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitini kulezi zinsuku kulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: [8] 

# '''Ukumbiwa kwebumba (Quarrying):''' Ibumba limbiwa phansi emhlabathini.
# '''Ukuxovwa (Pugmilling):''' Ibumba liyachotshozwa, lihlanzwe, bese lixovwa namanzi.
# '''Ukubumba (Molding/Extrusion):''' Ibumba licindezelwa emshinini kukhishwe isimo sesitini noma lifakwe emabhokisini okubumba.
# '''Ukumisa (Drying):''' Izitini eziluhlaza zomiswa emoyeni noma emagumbini afudumele ukuze kukhishwe umswakama.
# '''Ukushisa (Firing):''' Zifakwa esithonisweni (kiln) esishisa kakhulu (phakathi kuka-900°C no-1200°C) ukuze ziqine unomphela. [8] 

----

== Izinjombo (References) ==

# '''Brick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.''' Elandwe ku: Wikipedia Brick.
# '''The Rich History of Brick-Making in South Africa.''' TipTrans Blog. Elandwe ku: TipTrans.
# '''Brickworks (traditional) - Simple English Wikipedia.''' Elandwe ku: Simple Wikipedia Brickworks.
# '''The History of Bricks and Brickmaking.''' Brick Architecture. Elandwe ku: Brick Architecture. [1, 5, 6, 9] 

----


[1] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[2] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[3] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[4] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[5] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[6] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.tiptrans.co.za&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[7] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://etbricks.co.uk&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[8] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[9] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://brickarchitecture.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izingubo&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2049" sha1="jeywsr5jer6ibujvq3gv3oxu2bhfwk1" xml:space="preserve">Izingubo

Izingubo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke. Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.

Izingubo zibalulekile ngoba zivikela umzimba esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esishisayo nasemvuleni. Isibonelo, ebusika abantu bagqoka amajazi, amajezi nezigqoko ukuze bazifudumeze. Ehlobo abantu bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezilula ezenziwe ngezindwangu eziphefumulayo ukuze bangashisi kakhulu.

Izingubo zibuye ziveze isiko nobuwena bomuntu. Amasiko ahlukene anezingubo zawo zendabuko ezisetshenziswa emicimbini efana nemishado, imikhosi kanye neminye imicimbi yamasiko. Izingubo zesiZulu, isibonelo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuboniseni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingubo zibalulekile emsebenzini nasemfundweni. Abanye abasebenzi bagqoka umfaniswano ukuze babonakale kalula futhi bamele izinhlangano abasebenza kuzo. Abafundi nabo bagqoka imifaniswano yesikole ekhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokulingana phakathi kwabafundi.

Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni. I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iveza ukuthi imboni yezindwangu inezinselelo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu basebenzise izingubo isikhathi eside, balungise ezonakele, banikele ngezingubo ezingasadingeki noma bazisebenzise kabusha.

References

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2023. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: A Global Roadmap. UNEP Report

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2020. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: Global Stocktaking. UNEP Publication

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2022. The Environmental Costs of Fast Fashion. UNEP Article</text>
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'''Izingubo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke.Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.

Izingubo zibalulekile ngoba zivikela umzimba esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esishisayo nasemvuleni. Isibonelo, ebusika abantu bagqoka amajazi, amajezi nezigqoko ukuze bazifudumeze. Ehlobo abantu bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezilula ezenziwe ngezindwangu eziphefumulayo ukuze bangashisi kakhulu.

Izingubo zibuye ziveze isiko nobuwena bomuntu. Amasiko ahlukene anezingubo zawo zendabuko ezisetshenziswa emicimbini efana nemishado, imikhosi kanye neminye imicimbi yamasiko. Izingubo zesiZulu, isibonelo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuboniseni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingubo zibalulekile emsebenzini nasemfundweni. Abanye abasebenzi bagqoka umfaniswano ukuze babonakale kalula futhi bamele izinhlangano abasebenza kuzo. Abafundi nabo bagqoka imifaniswano yesikole ekhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokulingana phakathi kwabafundi.

Kodwa-ke,ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni.I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iveza ukuthi imboni yezindwangu inezinselelo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu basebenzise izingubo isikhathi eside, balungise ezonakele, banikele ngezingubo ezingasadingeki noma bazisebenzise kabusha.

== Izinkomba ==
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2023. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: A Global Roadmap. UNEP Report

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2020. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: Global Stocktaking. UNEP Publication

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2022. The Environmental Costs of Fast Fashion. UNEP Article</text>
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[[File:Dharka.png|thumb|izingubo]]

'''Izingubo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke.Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Programme |first=United Nations Environment |date=2023-05 |title=Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: A Global Roadmap |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/42580 |isbn=978-92-807-4034-9 |language=English |doi=10.59117/20.500.11822/42580}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingubo zibalulekile ngoba zivikela umzimba esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esishisayo nasemvuleni. Isibonelo, ebusika abantu bagqoka amajazi, amajezi nezigqoko ukuze bazifudumeze. Ehlobo abantu bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezilula ezenziwe ngezindwangu eziphefumulayo ukuze bangashisi kakhulu.

Izingubo zibuye ziveze isiko nobuwena bomuntu. Amasiko ahlukene anezingubo zawo zendabuko ezisetshenziswa emicimbini efana nemishado, imikhosi kanye neminye imicimbi yamasiko. Izingubo zesiZulu, isibonelo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuboniseni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingubo zibalulekile emsebenzini nasemfundweni. Abanye abasebenzi bagqoka umfaniswano ukuze babonakale kalula futhi bamele izinhlangano abasebenza kuzo. Abafundi nabo bagqoka imifaniswano yesikole ekhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokulingana phakathi kwabafundi.

Kodwa-ke,ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni.I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iveza ukuthi imboni yezindwangu inezinselelo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu basebenzise izingubo isikhathi eside, balungise ezonakele, banikele ngezingubo ezingasadingeki noma bazisebenzise kabusha.

== Izinkomba ==


United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2020. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: Global Stocktaking. UNEP Publication

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2022. The Environmental Costs of Fast Fashion. UNEP Article</text>
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'''Izingubo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke.Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Programme |first=United Nations Environment |date=2023-05 |title=Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: A Global Roadmap |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/42580 |isbn=978-92-807-4034-9 |language=English |doi=10.59117/20.500.11822/42580}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingubo zibalulekile ngoba zivikela umzimba esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esishisayo nasemvuleni. Isibonelo, ebusika abantu bagqoka amajazi, amajezi nezigqoko ukuze bazifudumeze. Ehlobo abantu bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezilula ezenziwe ngezindwangu eziphefumulayo ukuze bangashisi kakhulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Environment|first=U. N.|date=2023-02-27|title=sustainable and circular textiles|url=https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/sustainability-and-circularity-textile-value-chain-global-stocktaking|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingubo zibuye ziveze isiko nobuwena bomuntu. Amasiko ahlukene anezingubo zawo zendabuko ezisetshenziswa emicimbini efana nemishado, imikhosi kanye neminye imicimbi yamasiko. Izingubo zesiZulu, isibonelo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuboniseni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingubo zibalulekile emsebenzini nasemfundweni. Abanye abasebenzi bagqoka umfaniswano ukuze babonakale kalula futhi bamele izinhlangano abasebenza kuzo. Abafundi nabo bagqoka imifaniswano yesikole ekhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokulingana phakathi kwabafundi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=https://www|date=2022-11-24|title=The environmental costs of fast fashion|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/environmental-costs-fast-fashion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodwa-ke,ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni.I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iveza ukuthi imboni yezindwangu inezinselelo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu basebenzise izingubo isikhathi eside, balungise ezonakele, banikele ngezingubo ezingasadingeki noma bazisebenzise kabusha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=https://www|date=2022-11-24|title=The environmental costs of fast fashion|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/environmental-costs-fast-fashion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isitini  Nayo le athikili ye-Wikipedia elungiselelwe ngesiZulu mayelana '''nesitini''' (Brick), ehlanganisa umlando, izinhlobo, nendlela yokwenziwa kwaso kanye nezinjombo (references): ----  == Isitini == '''Isitini''' siwuhlobo lwezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izindonga, iziphandla (pavements), nezinye izakhiwo ekwakheni. Ngokomlando nangokomthetho, igama elithi isitini libhekisela entweni eyenziwe ngebumba (clay), kodwa esikhathini samanje leli gama selisets...&quot;</comment>
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Nayo le athikili ye-Wikipedia elungiselelwe ngesiZulu mayelana '''nesitini''' (Brick), ehlanganisa umlando, izinhlobo, nendlela yokwenziwa kwaso kanye nezinjombo (references):
----

== Isitini ==
'''Isitini''' siwuhlobo lwezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izindonga, iziphandla (pavements), nezinye izakhiwo ekwakheni. Ngokomlando nangokomthetho, igama elithi isitini libhekisela entweni eyenziwe ngebumba (clay), kodwa esikhathini samanje leli gama selisetshenziswa nasezintweni zokwakha ezenziwe ngekhonkolo (concrete) noma nge-calcium silicate. [1] 

Izitini zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokusebenzisa udaka (mortar) noma ingxube yesamente nesihlabathi ukuze kwakheke isakhiwo esiqinile. [1, 2] 

== Umlando ==
Izitini ziphakathi kwezinto zokwakha ezindala kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.

*
* '''Izitini Zodaka ezomisiwe:''' Izitini zokuqala ngqa zazakhiwa ngezandla ngodaka oluxovekiwe bese zomiswa ngelanga. Zatholakala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Jericho ne-Tell Aswad eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-7,500 BC ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. [3, 4] 
* '''Izitini ezishiswayo (Fired Bricks):''' Ukushiswa kwezitini emililweni (kilns) kwaqala e-Mesopotamia nase-Indus Valley ngabo-4500 BC. Ukushiswa kwenza isitini siqine kakhulu futhi sikwazi ukumelana nemvula nesimo sezulu esibi. [4, 5, 6] 
* '''ENingizimu Afrika:''' Umlando wokwenziwa kwezitini eNingizimu Afrika ubuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka adlule lapho izizwe zomdabu (njengamaZulu namaSotho) zazisebenzisa udaka nenhlabathi ukwakha. Ukufika kwamakoloni kwazisa ubuchwepheshe bezitini ezishiswa ngeziko (kiln-fired bricks), okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziqinile ezisekhona nanamuhla. [6] 
*

== Izithako zokwenza isitini ==
Isitini sebumba sendabuko siqukethe lezi zithako ezilandelayo: [5] 

# '''I-Silica (Isihlabathi):''' 50% – 60% (Sivimbela isitini ukuba siphuke noma sigobe).
# '''I-Alumina (Ibumba):''' 20% – 30% (Sinikeza isitini ukuthambeka ukuze sibumbeke).
# '''I-Lime (Ingcoba/Ukaloni):''' 2% – 5%
# '''Iron Oxide:''' 5% – 6% (Yiyona eyenza isitini sibe nombala obomvu).
# '''Magnesia:''' Ngaphansi kuka-1%.

== Izinhlobo zezitini ==

*
* '''Izitini zeBumba (Clay Bricks):''' Zenziwa ngebumba elishiswe esithonisweni (kiln). Zaziwa ngombala wazo obomvu nokuqina. [2, 4] 
* '''Izitini zeKhonkolo (Concrete Bricks):''' Zenziwa ngesamente, isihlabathi, namatshe amancane. Lezi azishiswa kodwa ziyayekwa zome ngokwamakhemikhali. [4, 7] 
* '''Izitini zobunjiniyela (Engineering Bricks):''' Izitini ezenziwe ngebumba elikhethekile elishiswe ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ziqine kakhulu futhi azingenwa amanzi, zisetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezisekelweni zezakhiwo ezinkulu. [2] 
*

== Indlela yokwenziwa kwazo ==
Ukukhiqizwa kwezitini kulezi zinsuku kulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: [8] 

# '''Ukumbiwa kwebumba (Quarrying):''' Ibumba limbiwa phansi emhlabathini.
# '''Ukuxovwa (Pugmilling):''' Ibumba liyachotshozwa, lihlanzwe, bese lixovwa namanzi.
# '''Ukubumba (Molding/Extrusion):''' Ibumba licindezelwa emshinini kukhishwe isimo sesitini noma lifakwe emabhokisini okubumba.
# '''Ukumisa (Drying):''' Izitini eziluhlaza zomiswa emoyeni noma emagumbini afudumele ukuze kukhishwe umswakama.
# '''Ukushisa (Firing):''' Zifakwa esithonisweni (kiln) esishisa kakhulu (phakathi kuka-900°C no-1200°C) ukuze ziqine unomphela. [8] 

----

== Izinjombo (References) ==

# '''Brick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.''' Elandwe ku: Wikipedia Brick.
# '''The Rich History of Brick-Making in South Africa.''' TipTrans Blog. Elandwe ku: TipTrans.
# '''Brickworks (traditional) - Simple English Wikipedia.''' Elandwe ku: Simple Wikipedia Brickworks.
# '''The History of Bricks and Brickmaking.''' Brick Architecture. Elandwe ku: Brick Architecture. [1, 5, 6, 9] 

----


[1] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[2] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[3] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[4] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[5] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://simple.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[6] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.tiptrans.co.za&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[7] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://etbricks.co.uk&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[8] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;

[9] &lt;nowiki&gt;https://brickarchitecture.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;</text>
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'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo.

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo ubalulekile empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sewing. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

2. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Textile. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

3. South African History Online. Clothing and dress in South African history.

4. UNESCO. Traditional craftsmanship and cultural heritage.</text>
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[[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]

'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo.

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo ubalulekile empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sewing. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

2. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Textile. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

3. South African History Online. Clothing and dress in South African history.

4. UNESCO. Traditional craftsmanship and cultural heritage.</text>
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[[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]

'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-18|title=Sewing {{!}} textile {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/sewing|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo ubalulekile empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==


2. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Textile. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

3. South African History Online. Clothing and dress in South African history.

4. UNESCO. Traditional craftsmanship and cultural heritage.</text>
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[[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]

'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-18|title=Sewing {{!}} textile {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/sewing|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo ubalulekile empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-17|title=Textile {{!}} Description, Industry, Types, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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[[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]

'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-18|title=Sewing {{!}} textile {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/sewing|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo [[ubalulekile]] empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-17|title=Textile {{!}} Description, Industry, Types, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ubalulekile]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izingubo [[File:Dharka.png|thumb|izingubo]]  '''Izingubo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke.Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Programme |first=United Nati...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Dharka.png|thumb|izingubo]]

'''Izingubo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwabantu nsuku zonke.Zisetshenziswa ukumboza umzimba, ukuwuvikela kanye nokwenza umuntu azizwe ekhululekile. Abantu bagqoka izingubo ezahlukene kuye ngesimo sezulu, indawo, umsebenzi, ubudala kanye nesiko. Izingubo zingaba amabhulukwe, iziketi, izikibha, amahembe, izingubo zokugqoka, amajazi, izicathulo nezinye izinto zokugqoka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Programme |first=United Nations Environment |date=2023-05 |title=Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain: A Global Roadmap |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/42580 |isbn=978-92-807-4034-9 |language=English |doi=10.59117/20.500.11822/42580}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingubo zibalulekile ngoba zivikela umzimba esimweni sezulu esibandayo, esishisayo nasemvuleni. Isibonelo, ebusika abantu bagqoka amajazi, amajezi nezigqoko ukuze bazifudumeze. Ehlobo abantu bavame ukugqoka izingubo ezilula ezenziwe ngezindwangu eziphefumulayo ukuze bangashisi kakhulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Environment|first=U. N.|date=2023-02-27|title=sustainable and circular textiles|url=https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/sustainability-and-circularity-textile-value-chain-global-stocktaking|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingubo zibuye ziveze isiko nobuwena bomuntu. Amasiko ahlukene anezingubo zawo zendabuko ezisetshenziswa emicimbini efana nemishado, imikhosi kanye neminye imicimbi yamasiko. Izingubo zesiZulu, isibonelo, zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuboniseni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingubo zibalulekile emsebenzini nasemfundweni. Abanye abasebenzi bagqoka umfaniswano ukuze babonakale kalula futhi bamele izinhlangano abasebenza kuzo. Abafundi nabo bagqoka imifaniswano yesikole ekhuthaza ukuhlonipha nokulingana phakathi kwabafundi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=https://www|date=2022-11-24|title=The environmental costs of fast fashion|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/environmental-costs-fast-fashion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kodwa-ke,ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni.I-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) iveza ukuthi imboni yezindwangu inezinselelo ezihlobene nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda kwemfucuza yezindwangu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu basebenzise izingubo isikhathi eside, balungise ezonakele, banikele ngezingubo ezingasadingeki noma bazisebenzise kabusha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=https://www|date=2022-11-24|title=The environmental costs of fast fashion|url=https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/environmental-costs-fast-fashion|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.unep.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2212" sha1="30i3in4i65y5qjgyofqwnvi33prlb38" xml:space="preserve">Izinyawo

Izinyawo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.

Izinkomba

National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2023. Focus on Your Feet! Take Steps to Protect Foot Health.

Ficke, J., Fakoya, A.O. &amp; Byerly, D.W. 2026. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Foot and Ankle. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Manganaro, D., Dollinger, B. &amp; Nezwek, T. 2023. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Joints. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.Footwear.

Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust. 2024.Footwear</text>
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      <text bytes="2223" sha1="angoze2bgxtu6famuedkirn4agp5ju1" xml:space="preserve">Izinyawo

'''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.

== Izinkomba ==
National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2023. Focus on Your Feet! Take Steps to Protect Foot Health.

Ficke, J., Fakoya, A.O. &amp; Byerly, D.W. 2026. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Foot and Ankle. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Manganaro, D., Dollinger, B. &amp; Nezwek, T. 2023. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Joints. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.Footwear.

Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust. 2024.Footwear</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130454</id>
      <parentid>130451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:40:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
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      <origin>130454</origin>
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      <text bytes="2332" sha1="rsqnz2jgtgvhlhirzqs5gd0pntegkzh" xml:space="preserve">Izinyawo
[[File:Sole of foot of a two week old Asian infant on a white bed sheet, focus stacking.jpg|thumb|Izinyawo]]

'''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.

== Izinkomba ==
National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2023. Focus on Your Feet! Take Steps to Protect Foot Health.

Ficke, J., Fakoya, A.O. &amp; Byerly, D.W. 2026. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Foot and Ankle. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Manganaro, D., Dollinger, B. &amp; Nezwek, T. 2023. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Joints. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.Footwear.

Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust. 2024.Footwear</text>
      <sha1>rsqnz2jgtgvhlhirzqs5gd0pntegkzh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130457</id>
      <parentid>130454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2402" sha1="j3ket3tjo77ntexjzqp0hwru5p3b426" xml:space="preserve">Izinyawo
[[File:Sole of foot of a two week old Asian infant on a white bed sheet, focus stacking.jpg|thumb|Izinyawo]]

'''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Focus on Your Feet!|url=https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=NIH News in Health|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.

== Izinkomba ==


Ficke, J., Fakoya, A.O. &amp; Byerly, D.W. 2026. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb: Foot and Ankle. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Manganaro, D., Dollinger, B. &amp; Nezwek, T. 2023. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Foot Joints. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.

Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust.Footwear.

Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust. 2024.Footwear</text>
      <sha1>j3ket3tjo77ntexjzqp0hwru5p3b426</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130463</id>
      <parentid>130457</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:50:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>130463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2754" sha1="gqyx1od51lks9fv3168kmqnmu2v83ot" xml:space="preserve">Izinyawo
[[File:Sole of foot of a two week old Asian infant on a white bed sheet, focus stacking.jpg|thumb|Izinyawo]]

'''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Focus on Your Feet!|url=https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=NIH News in Health|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
      <sha1>gqyx1od51lks9fv3168kmqnmu2v83ot</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Isijingi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35732</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130427</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:19:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sphe12</username>
        <id>27430</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Umqombothi.jpg|thumb]] Isijingi  '''Isijingi''' wukudla [[kwesintu]] kwaZulu. Kwenziwa ngobhontshisi namathanga noma ummbila ohlutshiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST17:03:40|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ubhontshisi uyacwiliswa ubusuku bonke bese uyabiliswa...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>130427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1393" sha1="lxb7hh3gidnkwdlgwactejzwf8y0p2k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Umqombothi.jpg|thumb]]
Isijingi

'''Isijingi''' wukudla [[kwesintu]] kwaZulu. Kwenziwa ngobhontshisi namathanga noma ummbila ohlutshiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST17:03:40|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubhontshisi uyacwiliswa ubusuku bonke bese uyabiliswa kuze uthambe. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa amathanga aqoshiwe bese kuxutshwa kahle. Kuyashiywa kubile kuze kube mnandi futhi kuhlangene&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Isijingi sinempilo ngoba [[sinamaprotheni]] namavithamini. Sishibhile futhi singondla umndeni omkhulu. Sivame ukuphekwa ebusika ngoba siyafudumeza umzimba.

Kubalulekile ukulondoloza ukudla okufana nesijingi ngoba kuyigugu lesiko lethu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: IsiZulu and English 2e Grade 4-9|url=https://oxford.co.za/shop/other/9780199079544-oxford-bilingual-school-dictionary-isizulu-and-english-2e-grade-4-9/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Oxford University Press Southern Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Sinamaprotheni]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35734</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130435</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:24:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ntombizimbili</username>
        <id>25451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ukwahlulelwa</comment>
      <origin>130435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1368" sha1="ry8nlv1w13nxl9fti8wjwvqw2lmy7fr" xml:space="preserve">'''Isingeniso'''

Ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa kusho ukukhathazeka ngokuthi abanye abantu bazocabanga noma bakhulume kabi ngawe ngenxa yezinqumo,indlela yokuphila noma amaphutha akho.Lokhu kungenza umuntu angazithembi futhi asabe ukuveza imibono yakhe.&lt;ref&gt;National Institute of Mental Health - Social Anxiety Disorder&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Izimbangela zokwesaba ukwahlulelwa'''

Ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa kungabangelwa ukugxekwa abantu,ukungazethembi,okuhlangenwe nakho okubi esikhathini esidlule noma ukukhathazeka ngokuthi umuntu akamukeleki emphakathini.&lt;ref&gt;NHS -Social Anxiety&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Imiphumela yokwesaba ukwahlulelwa'''

Kungabangela umuntu ukuthi azihlukanise nabanye,angazivezi ngokukhululekile futhi angazami izinto ezintsha ngenxa yokwesaba ukwenza iphutha.&lt;ref&gt;NHS - Social Anxiety Disorder&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Indlela yokubhekana nakho'''

Kubalulekile ukuzamukela,ukwakha ukuzethemba nokukhumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu uyawenza amaphutha.Umuntu angakhuluma nomuntu amethembayo uma ezizwa ucindezelekile ngenxa yokwehlulelwa.&lt;ref&gt;APA Dictionary - Self - Compassion&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isiphetho'''

Ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa kungathinta indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo kanye nobudlelwano bakhe nabanye.Ukuzamukela nokuba nokuzethemba kungasiza umuntu aphile ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kakhulu ngemibono yabanye.&lt;ref&gt;APA Dictionary - Self - Acceptance&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Izinkomba'''
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ry8nlv1w13nxl9fti8wjwvqw2lmy7fr</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:LondiweBridget/Draft 8</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>35735</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130436</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T16:25:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngingenile kwi draft yami</comment>
      <origin>130436</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" sha1="7242uguey2tscll67nhdqfe2zzeawsu" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili</text>
      <sha1>7242uguey2tscll67nhdqfe2zzeawsu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130476</id>
      <parentid>130436</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:00:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngibhale iAthikhili</comment>
      <origin>130476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1266" sha1="o14a9oq5e1ia8yj4ww1wgbs6ujoyxdu" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

Ingalikhuni inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-Africa.Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, izithelo,izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. Inyama yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.</text>
      <sha1>o14a9oq5e1ia8yj4ww1wgbs6ujoyxdu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130482</id>
      <parentid>130476</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:03:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ngifake ilinki yokuqala</comment>
      <origin>130482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1276" sha1="cw2rcmtjkicmslbz50bnst1cgk39voi" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, izithelo,izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. Inyama yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngibhale ilinki yesibili</comment>
      <origin>130483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1280" sha1="j0y61hd3mi9r2tl84ttb11qqg39571b" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye [[izilwane.]] Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, izithelo,izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. Inyama yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130489</id>
      <parentid>130483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:08:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake ilinki yesithathu</comment>
      <origin>130489</origin>
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      <text bytes="1284" sha1="0r6iutns10rkppxz1ce01d2uxf1ysqy" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130496</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:11:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>ngibhale isihloko sama linki</comment>
      <origin>130496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1309" sha1="08m6vdfkb7ly83h19sar27qefus6j69" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130507</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T17:15:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake ilinki yokuqala</comment>
      <origin>130507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1414" sha1="gcwa71s0ploayjqfzlkmvvstpdm3bsg" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theanimalmap.com/en/animals/ostrich Ostrich: Facts, Eggs, Speed, Size &amp; Habitat 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane. Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>LondiweBridget</username>
        <id>25427</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngifake ilinki yesithathu</comment>
      <origin>130511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1508" sha1="7i9434rpahgn31xppo47g2not7nxxc5" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theanimalmap.com/en/animals/ostrich Ostrich: Facts, Eggs, Speed, Size &amp; Habitat 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ostrichsa.co.za/the-ostrich/ The Ostrich - SAOBC Ostrich Business Chamber]&lt;/ref&gt; Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
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        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>ngifake ilinki kwisigaba sesithathu</comment>
      <origin>130513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1610" sha1="rjdjp3e05rslgzupgjoyhhru6jstod6" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theanimalmap.com/en/animals/ostrich Ostrich: Facts, Eggs, Speed, Size &amp; Habitat 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ostrichsa.co.za/the-ostrich/ The Ostrich - SAOBC Ostrich Business Chamber]&lt;/ref&gt; Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_ostrich.html Ostrich - Largest Bird - South Africa...]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==</text>
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        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>Ngifake iCategory</comment>
      <origin>130515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1647" sha1="8aixhzoo3fjrtmgwc030vnea51zltf3" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theanimalmap.com/en/animals/ostrich Ostrich: Facts, Eggs, Speed, Size &amp; Habitat 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ostrichsa.co.za/the-ostrich/ The Ostrich - SAOBC Ostrich Business Chamber]&lt;/ref&gt; Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_ostrich.html Ostrich - Largest Bird - South Africa...]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Izinyoni]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>25427</id>
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      <comment>Ngifake iCategory yesibili</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1672" sha1="k706bqvjtx87hm443b1ioh5fqhje9qd" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalombili


Ingalikhuni

'''Ingalikhuni''' inyoni enkulu etholakala kakhulu e-[[Africa]].Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ayikwazi ukundiza.Nakuba ingakwazi ukundiza, inemilenze emide nenamandla eyenza ikwazi ukugijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinotshani nasezindaweni ezomile.&lt;ref&gt;[https://theanimalmap.com/en/animals/ostrich Ostrich: Facts, Eggs, Speed, Size &amp; Habitat 2026]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingalikhuni linomphimbo omude, ikhanda elincane namehlo amakhulu. Umzimba walo umbozwe izimpaphe ezithambile, kanti amaphiko ayo alisiza kakhulu ekugcineni ibhalansi uma igijima. Inemilenze enamandla yokuzivikela kwezinye izilwane. Ingalikhuni lidla kakhulu izitshalo,imbewu, [[izithelo]],izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ostrichsa.co.za/the-ostrich/ The Ostrich - SAOBC Ostrich Business Chamber]&lt;/ref&gt; Iyakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezomile ngoba umzimba wayo ujwayele ukonga amanzi nokuthola ukudla okudingekayo. Ingalikhuni yesifazane izalela amaqanda amakhulu esidlekeni esisemhlabathini. Amaqanda alo makhulu kakhulu futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Amachwane akhula ngokushesha futhi ayakwazi ukugijima ngemumva nje kokuchanyiselwa.

Ingalikhuni isilwane esibalulekile emvelweni yase-Africa futhi iwusizo nakubantu. [[Inyama]] yayo, izimpaphe, amaqanda nesikhumba kusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ingalikhuni inyoni ejabulisayo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, isivinini sayo kanye nekhono layo lokuphila ngaphandle kokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_ostrich.html Ostrich - Largest Bird - South Africa...]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo Yolwazi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Izinyoni]]
[[Category:Ingalikhuni]]</text>
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Ukutshala Izihlahla zikaKhisimusi kuwumsebenzi w[[ezolimo]], wezihlahla, kanye nezolimo ezibandakanya ukutshala uphayini, i-spruce, kanye nezihlahla ze-fir ngokukhethekile ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezihlahla zikakhisimuzi</text>
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'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu entula khona imali nezinto ezibalulekile zokuphila okuyisisekelo. Kungaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene [[Isimondawo esingokwemvelo|yemvelo]], [[Umthetho|yezomthetho]], yezenhlalo, yezomnotho kanye [[Ezombusazwe|neyezepolitiki]] ezingadala lokho kuntuleka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ending Poverty|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/poverty/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909130506/https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/poverty/|archive-date=9 September 2020|accessdate=22 September 2020|website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uma kuhlolwa ubumpofu ezibalweni noma kwezomnotho kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulinganisa: ''ubumpofu obuphelele'' obuqhathanisa imali engenayo nenani elidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabantu siqu eziyisisekelo, [[Ukudla|njengokudla]], izingubo, nendawo yokuhlala . &lt;ref name=&quot;unesco.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Poverty {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/poverty/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209025852/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/poverty/|archive-date=9 December 2019|accessdate=4 November 2015|website=www.unesco.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwesibili, ''ubumpofu obulinganiselwe'' bulinganisa lapho umuntu khona engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinga eliphansi lezindingo zokuphila zakhe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abantu ngesikhathi esifanayo nendawo efanayo. Incazelo ''yobumpofu obulinganiselwe'' iyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe noma emphakathini ngamunye. &lt;ref name=&quot;unesco.org&quot; /&gt;

Ngokwezibalo, {{As of|2019}} , iningi labantu balapha emhlabeni liphila ngobumpofu: ngamadola e-PPP abantu abangu-85% baphila ngemali engaphansi kwama-$30 ngosuku izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ziphila ngemali engaphansi kwama-$10 ngosuku kanti abangu-10% baphila ngemali engaphansi kwama-$1.90 ngosuku. &lt;ref name=&quot;OWiD_EP&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Roser |first=Max |last2=Ortiz-Ospina |first2=Esteban |date=1 January 2019 |title=Global Extreme Poverty |url=https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty |url-status=live |journal=[[Our World in Data]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330142651/https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty |archive-date=30 March 2021 |access-date=30 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngokusho kwe World Bank Group ngo-2020 abantu abampofu abangaphezu kuka-40% bahlala emazweni athinteke yizingxabano. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=World Bank Group |date=7 October 2015 |title=The World Bank Group A to Z 2016 |publisher=The World Bank |isbn=978-1-4648-0484-7 |pages=60a–62 |chapter=Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries and Situations |doi=10.1596/978-1-4648-0484-7_fragile_and_conflict_affected}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngisho noma ngabe amazwe ethuthuka kwezomnotho kodwa izakhamuzi ezinye ezimpofu kakhulu zamazwe anengeniso ephakathi zivame ukungatholi isabelo esanele sengcebo yamazwe azo ukuze zishiye ubumpofu phansi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Milanovic |first=Branko |year=2016 |title=Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674969780}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izidingo zona ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni baye bazama izinqubomgomo kanye nezinhlelo eziningi kakhulu ezahlukene zokunciphisa ubumpofu njengokufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni  eziningizasemakhaya noma izinqubomgomo zokuqala zokuhlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Izinhlaka zenqubomgomo zomhlaba wonke zokunciphisa ubumpofu, ezasungulwa yiZizwe [[IZizwe Ezihlangene|Ezihlangene]] ngo-2015, zifingqiwe ku- Sustainable Development Goal 1: &quot;Akukho Bumpofu&quot; .

Amandla omphakathi, njengobulili, Ukukhubazeka, uhlanga nobuzwe, angenza izinkinga zobumpofu zibe zimbi kakhulu - abesifazane, izingane kanye namaqembu amancane ngokuvamile ethwala imithwalo engalingani yobumpofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abampofu basengozini kakhulu yemiphumela yezinye izindaba zomphakathi, njengemiphumela yendawo ezungezile yezimboni noma imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo noma Izenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Ubumpofu bungaphinde benze ezinye Izinkinga zomphakathi zibe zimbi kakhulu; izingcindezi zezomnotho emiphakathini empofu zivame ukufeza indima ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi, ekulahlekelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungqubuzana kwezinhlanga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Sustainable Development Goals ye-UN kanye nezinye izinhlelo zezinqubomgomo zamazwe omhlaba, njengokululama kwamazwe omhlaba ku-COVID-19, kugcizelela ukuxhumana kokunciphisa ubumpofu neminye imigomo yomphakathi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNGoal1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=United Nations|title=Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529080906/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/|archive-date=29 May 2026|accessdate=5 June 2026|website=United Nations Sustainable Development|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Umthungo [[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]  '''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-18|title=Sewing {{!}} textile {{!}} Britannica|url=htt...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Exploratory Laparotomy Scar (06).jpg|thumb|Umthungo]]

'''Umthungo''' uyikhono lokuhlanganisa izingcezu zendwangu kusetshenziswa inaliti nentambo. Leli khono lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingubo, amakhethini, izikhwama nezinye izinto ezahlukene. Umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile ngoba usiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukulungisa, ukuguqula nokwakha izingubo ngokwezidingo zabo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-18|title=Sewing {{!}} textile {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/sewing|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukubaluleka komthungo

Umthungo [[ubalulekile]] empilweni yabantu nakuwo umnotho. Abantu abasebenzisa leli khono bangazisebenzela ngokuthunga nokuthengisa izingubo noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngendwangu. Lokhu kungasiza ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nasekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi amancane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-17|title=Textile {{!}} Description, Industry, Types, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthunga kusiza abantu ukuthi balungise izingubo ezidabukile esikhundleni sokuzilahla. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi kungasiza ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuthungeni

Kunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuthunga. Phakathi kwazo kukhona inaliti, intambo, isikele, irula lokukala, itheyiphu yokukala kanye nendwangu. Abanye abantu basebenzisa nemishini yokuthunga ukuze benze umsebenzi ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.

Umuntu othungayo kufanele azi ukuthi iyiphi inaliti nentambo efanele uhlobo lwendwangu ayisebenzisayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela ephephile, ikakhulukazi isikele nomshini wokuthunga.

Umthungo namasiko

Eningizimu Afrika, ukuthunga kungaba yingxenye yokugcina nokuthuthukisa amasiko. Izingubo zesintu zingathungwa ngemibala, amaphethini nemihlobiso ehlobene namasiko nemiphakathi ethile. Ngale ndlela, ikhono lokuthunga lingasiza ekudluliseni amasiko kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, umthungo uyikhono elibalulekile elisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekulungiseni izingubo nezinye izinto zendwangu. Ungaba yindlela yokuziphilisa, unciphise ukumoshwa kwezingubo futhi usize ekugcineni amasiko. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuthunga kungaba wusizo kubantu, emindenini nasemiphakathini.

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Ubalulekile]]</text>
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      <text bytes="579" sha1="koohusmd0ektpyvc5gwkx591sp74b13" xml:space="preserve">* Ama-eucalypteae, ikakhulukazi:
** ''I-Eucalyptus'', ehlanganisa iningi lezinhlobo zezihlahla ze-gum
** ''I-Corymbia'', ehlanganisa ama-ghost gums nama-spotted gumsAmazinyo amabala
** ''I-Angophora'', ehlanganisa i-''I-Angophora costata'' I-Sydney red gum
* ''I-Nyssa sylvatica'', amagama avamile ahlanganisa i-blackgum, i-sour gum
* ''I-Liquidambar'', amagama avamile ahlanganisa i-sweetgum, i-star gum, i-redgum
* ''I-Tristaniopsis laurina'', amagama avamile ahlanganisa i-water gum
* ''I-sapium glandulosum'', emndenini we-Euphorbiaceae, amagama avamile ahlanganisa i-gumtree</text>
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'''Ibhakede''' Nokubaluleka Kwalo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke

Ibhakede liyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, emsebenzini nasemisebenzini yasengadini. Livamise ukuba nesimo esiyindilinga noma esifana nesitsha, libe nesibambo esenza kube lula ukuliphatha. Amabhakede enziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ipulasitiki noma insimbi, kuye ngokuthi azosetshenziselwa ini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhakede

Ibhakede lingasetshenziswa ukuthwala nokugcina amanzi, ukuhlanza indlu, ukuchelela izitshalo kanye nokuthwala ezinye izinto. Emisebenzini yokwakha, amabhakede asetshenziselwa ukuthwala isihlabathi, usimende namanye amakhemikhali noma izinto zokwakha.

Emakhaya amaningi, ibhakede libalulekile ngoba lingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, umuntu angalisebenzisa ukuthwala amanzi uma amanzi engekho kalula, noma ukugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.

Izinhlobo zamabhakede

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhakede. Amabhakede epulasitiki avame ukusetshenziswa emakhaya ngoba alula futhi awagqwali. Amabhakede ensimbi wona aqinile futhi angasetshenziswa emisebenzini edinga ithuluzi eliqinile.

Kukhona namabhakede akhethekile asetshenziswa ezimbonini, ezolimo nasekwakhiweni. Ukukhetha ibhakede elifanele kuncike emsebenzini umuntu afuna ukulenza.

Ukunakekela ibhakede

Ukuze ibhakede lihlale isikhathi eside, kufanele ligezwe njalo futhi ligcinwe endaweni efanele. Ibhakede lepulasitiki akufanele lishiywe elangeni isikhathi eside uma lokho kungalimaza impahla elenziwe ngayo. Uma ibhakede lisetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza noma okudla, kufanele lihlanzeke futhi lingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingcolisayo.
[[File:Purple plastic bucket.jpg|thumb|Ibhakede]]
Isiphetho

Ibhakede lingase libonakale liyithuluzi elilula, kodwa linendima ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kusukela ekuhlanzeni nasekuthwaleni amanzi kuya kwezolimo nokwakha kukhombisa ukuthi liyithuluzi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi.

== Izinkomba ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; [Encyclopaedia Britannica – Bucket](&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britannica.com/technology/bucket?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;)

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; [Wikipedia – Bucket](&lt;nowiki&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket?utm_source=chatgpt.com&lt;/nowiki&gt;)</text>
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'''Ibhakede''' Nokubaluleka Kwalo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke

Ibhakede liyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, emsebenzini nasemisebenzini yasengadini. Livamise ukuba nesimo esiyindilinga noma esifana nesitsha, libe nesibambo esenza kube lula ukuliphatha. Amabhakede enziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ipulasitiki noma insimbi, kuye ngokuthi azosetshenziselwa ini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bucket Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/bucket|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhakede

Ibhakede lingasetshenziswa ukuthwala nokugcina amanzi, ukuhlanza indlu, ukuchelela izitshalo kanye nokuthwala ezinye izinto. Emisebenzini yokwakha, amabhakede asetshenziselwa ukuthwala isihlabathi, usimende namanye amakhemikhali noma izinto zokwakha.

Emakhaya amaningi, ibhakede libalulekile ngoba lingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, umuntu angalisebenzisa ukuthwala amanzi uma amanzi engekho kalula, noma ukugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.

Izinhlobo zamabhakede

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhakede. Amabhakede epulasitiki avame ukusetshenziswa emakhaya ngoba alula futhi awagqwali. Amabhakede ensimbi wona aqinile futhi angasetshenziswa emisebenzini edinga ithuluzi eliqinile.

Kukhona namabhakede akhethekile asetshenziswa ezimbonini, ezolimo nasekwakhiweni. Ukukhetha ibhakede elifanele kuncike emsebenzini umuntu afuna ukulenza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bucket Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/bucket|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukunakekela ibhakede

Ukuze ibhakede lihlale isikhathi eside, kufanele ligezwe njalo futhi ligcinwe endaweni efanele. Ibhakede lepulasitiki akufanele lishiywe elangeni isikhathi eside uma lokho kungalimaza impahla elenziwe ngayo. Uma ibhakede lisetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza noma okudla, kufanele lihlanzeke futhi lingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingcolisayo.
[[File:Purple plastic bucket.jpg|thumb|Ibhakede]]
Isiphetho

Ibhakede lingase libonakale liyithuluzi elilula, kodwa linendima ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kusukela ekuhlanzeni nasekuthwaleni amanzi kuya kwezolimo nokwakha kukhombisa ukuthi liyithuluzi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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Lesi sihloko sidonsele ukunakekela kwezazi ezahlukahlukene kanye nabagxeki, abahlaziye ukuthi kungani lesi sihloko sifinyelele isikhundla esiyingqopha-mlando. 

Amanye amakati, njenge-Grumpy Cat ne-ULil Bub, athole uthando ku-inthanethi ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okungajwayelekilr, okubhekwa njengokuhlekisa ngabasebenzisi be-inthaneti. Kuye kwakhiqizwa ama-memes ahlukahlukene athandekayo e-Intanethi mayelana namakati.</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Ibhakede  '''Ibhakede''' Nokubaluleka Kwalo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke  Ibhakede liyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, emsebenzini nasemisebenzini yasengadini. Livamise ukuba nesimo esiyindilinga noma esifana nesitsha, libe nesibambo esenza kube lula ukuliphatha. Amabhakede enziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ipulasitiki noma insimbi, kuye ngokuthi azosetshenziselwa ini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bucket Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://w...&quot;</comment>
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'''Ibhakede''' Nokubaluleka Kwalo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke

Ibhakede liyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, emsebenzini nasemisebenzini yasengadini. Livamise ukuba nesimo esiyindilinga noma esifana nesitsha, libe nesibambo esenza kube lula ukuliphatha. Amabhakede enziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi ipulasitiki noma insimbi, kuye ngokuthi azosetshenziselwa ini. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bucket Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/bucket|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukusetshenziswa kwebhakede

Ibhakede lingasetshenziswa ukuthwala nokugcina amanzi, ukuhlanza indlu, ukuchelela izitshalo kanye nokuthwala ezinye izinto. Emisebenzini yokwakha, amabhakede asetshenziselwa ukuthwala isihlabathi, usimende namanye amakhemikhali noma izinto zokwakha.

Emakhaya amaningi, ibhakede libalulekile ngoba lingasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, umuntu angalisebenzisa ukuthwala amanzi uma amanzi engekho kalula, noma ukugcina amanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza.

Izinhlobo zamabhakede

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhakede. Amabhakede epulasitiki avame ukusetshenziswa emakhaya ngoba alula futhi awagqwali. Amabhakede ensimbi wona aqinile futhi angasetshenziswa emisebenzini edinga ithuluzi eliqinile.

Kukhona namabhakede akhethekile asetshenziswa ezimbonini, ezolimo nasekwakhiweni. Ukukhetha ibhakede elifanele kuncike emsebenzini umuntu afuna ukulenza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bucket Definition &amp; Meaning {{!}} Britannica Dictionary|url=https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/bucket|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukunakekela ibhakede

Ukuze ibhakede lihlale isikhathi eside, kufanele ligezwe njalo futhi ligcinwe endaweni efanele. Ibhakede lepulasitiki akufanele lishiywe elangeni isikhathi eside uma lokho kungalimaza impahla elenziwe ngayo. Uma ibhakede lisetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza noma okudla, kufanele lihlanzeke futhi lingasetshenziselwa izinto ezingcolisayo.
[[File:Purple plastic bucket.jpg|thumb|Ibhakede]]
Isiphetho

Ibhakede lingase libonakale liyithuluzi elilula, kodwa linendima ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kusukela ekuhlanzeni nasekuthwaleni amanzi kuya kwezolimo nokwakha kukhombisa ukuthi liyithuluzi elisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izinyawo [[File:Sole of foot of a two week old Asian infant on a white bed sheet, focus stacking.jpg|thumb|Izinyawo]]  '''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalan...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Sole of foot of a two week old Asian infant on a white bed sheet, focus stacking.jpg|thumb|Izinyawo]]

'''Izinyawo''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zisiza umuntu ukuba ame, ahambe, agijime futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yansuku zonke. Unyawo ngalunye lunamathambo angu-26, amalunga angu-33, kanye nemisipha, imisipha exhumanisa amathambo nemisipha, imithambo yegazi nezinzwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuhamba nokugcina ibhalansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Focus on Your Feet!|url=https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2023/03/focus-your-feet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=NIH News in Health|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinyawo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu ekuthwaleni isisindo somzimba.Uma umuntu ehamba, izinyawo zithinta phansi, zithwale isisindo bese zisiza umzimba ukuthi uqhubekele phambili. Ziphinde zisebenze njengohlobo lwesivikelo esinciphisa umthelela lapho umuntu ehamba noma egijima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukunakekela izinyawo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu aqhubeke nokuhamba kahle. Kufanele izinyawo zigcinwe zihlanzekile futhi zomile, futhi umuntu kufanele azibheke njalo ukuze abone ukuthi azikho yini izilonda, amabhamuza, ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezilingana kahle nakho kubalulekile. Izicathulo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuze izinzwane zingacindezeleki futhi zibe nokusekela okwanele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinyawo zingalimala uma umuntu egqoka izicathulo ezingamlingani kahle noma eziqinile kakhulu. Izicathulo ezingafanele zingadala ubuhlungu nezinye izinkinga ezinyaweni. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa izicathulo, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinyawo zikhululekile ngaphakathi kwazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sengiphetha, izinyawo ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba ngoba zisisiza ekuhambeni, ekumeni nasekugcineni ibhalansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sizinakekele ngokuzigcina zihlanzekile, sigqoke izicathulo ezifanele futhi sinake noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuhlungu noma ukulimala. Ukunakekela izinyawo kusiza umuntu ukuba aqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yakhe yansuku zonke ngokukhululeka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546698/?report=reader|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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'''ISIQANDISI'''


Isiqandisi siyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela nasezitolo ukuze kugcinwe ukudla neziphuzo kubanda. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ukuze kusizwe ekunciphiseni ukonakala kwako. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, iziqandisi neziqandisi zokudla okuqandisiwe zenzelwe ukupholisa nokugcina ukudla neziphuzo, futhi ezinye zazo ziyakwazi nokwenza iqhwa.

Indlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo

Isiqandisi sisebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-*vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi **refrigerant*, ehamba phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesiqandisi ukuze kususwe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwaso. I-EPA ichaza ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zokupholisa zisebenzisa i-refrigerant kulolu hlobo lomjikelezo ukuze kupholiswe indawo noma into ethile.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesiqandisi zihlanganisa i-*compressor, condenser, expansion device* kanye ne-*evaporator*. I-compressor icindezela i-refrigerant, bese iya ku-condenser lapho ikhipha khona ukushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-refrigerant idlula endaweni yokunciphisa umfutho, bese iya ku-evaporator lapho ithatha khona ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi. Lokhu kwenza ingaphakathi lesiqandisi libe sezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.

Ukubaluleka kwesiqandisi

Isiqandisi sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngokugcina ukudla kubanda, kuncishiswa amathuba okuthi ukudla konakale ngokushesha. Lokhu kusiza imindeni ukuthi igcine ukudla okuthile izinsuku eziningana futhi kunciphise nokumoshwa kokudla.

Iziqandisi zibalulekile nasemabhizinisini afana nezitolo, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokucubungula ukudla. I-EPA ihlukanisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano njengeziqandisi, ama-freezer kanye nemishini yokugcina ukudla okubandayo noma okuqandisiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi

Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenza isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ephumelelayo. I-ENERGY STAR ithi iziqandisi ezinesitifiketi sayo zisebenzisa cishe u-9% wamandla amancane kunezibonelo ezihlangabezana nezinga elincane lokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-United States. Izici ezifana ne-compressor esebenza kahle, insulation enhle kanye nezindlela ezingcono zokulawula izinga lokushisa zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

EMzansi Afrika, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zinezinhlelo zokulebula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. UMnyango Wezamandla waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi amalebula asebenzisa amamaki ukusuka ku-A kuya ku-G, lapho u-A emele ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanti u-G emele okuphansi.

Ukunakekelwa kwesiqandisi

Ukuze isiqandisi sisebenze kahle, kufanele sigcinwe sihlanzekile futhi iminyango yaso ivaleke kahle. I-gasket noma irabha elisemnyango kufanele ivale kahle ukuze umoya obandayo ungaphumi. Ukukhetha isiqandisi esilingana nezidingo zomndeni nakho kungasiza ekugcineni amandla, njengoba iziqandisi ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga amandla amaningi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lifanele. UMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States uncoma ukuthi ingxenye yesiqandisi ibe phakathi kuka-36°F no-40°F, okulingana cishe no-2°C kuya ku-4°C, ukuze kugcinwe ukudla ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokungadingekile.

Isiqandisi nemvelo

Indlela isiqandisi esenziwe ngayo kanye nohlobo lwe-refrigerant esiyisebenzisayo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-refrigerant zinamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba uma zikhishelwa emkhathini. I-ENERGY STAR ikhomba ama-refrigerant afana ne-R-600a njengamanye anezinga eliphansi le-Global Warming Potential uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa isiqandisi esisha, kubalulekile ukubheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nolwazi olumayelana ne-refrigerant. Isiqandisi esisebenza kahle singasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

Isiphetho

Isiqandisi siyithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla neziphuzo kubanda futhi kunciphise ukonakala kokudla. Sisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-refrigeration cycle lapho i-refrigerant idlulisa khona ukushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi kuya ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenzisa ugesi njalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenza kahle, ukusigcina kahle nokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezifanele. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo eyonga amandla kungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

Izinkomba

1. *U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).* Refrigeration Products.

2. *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).* Substitutes in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.

3. *ENERGY STAR.* Refrigerators.

4. *Department of Energy, Republic of South Africa.* Energy Efficiency Standards – Frequently Asked Questions.

5. *U.S. Department of Energy.* Purchasing Energy-Efficient Residential Refrigerators.</text>
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'''ISIQANDISI'''


Isiqandisi siyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela nasezitolo ukuze kugcinwe ukudla neziphuzo kubanda. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ukuze kusizwe ekunciphiseni ukonakala kwako. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, iziqandisi neziqandisi zokudla okuqandisiwe zenzelwe ukupholisa nokugcina ukudla neziphuzo, futhi ezinye zazo ziyakwazi nokwenza iqhwa.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

Indlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo

Isiqandisi sisebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-*vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi **refrigerant*, ehamba phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesiqandisi ukuze kususwe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwaso. I-EPA ichaza ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zokupholisa zisebenzisa i-refrigerant kulolu hlobo lomjikelezo ukuze kupholiswe indawo noma into ethile.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesiqandisi zihlanganisa i-*compressor, condenser, expansion device* kanye ne-*evaporator*. I-compressor icindezela i-refrigerant, bese iya ku-condenser lapho ikhipha khona ukushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-refrigerant idlula endaweni yokunciphisa umfutho, bese iya ku-evaporator lapho ithatha khona ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi. Lokhu kwenza ingaphakathi lesiqandisi libe sezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

Ukubaluleka kwesiqandisi

Isiqandisi sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngokugcina ukudla kubanda, kuncishiswa amathuba okuthi ukudla konakale ngokushesha. Lokhu kusiza imindeni ukuthi igcine ukudla okuthile izinsuku eziningana futhi kunciphise nokumoshwa kokudla.

Iziqandisi zibalulekile nasemabhizinisini afana nezitolo, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokucubungula ukudla. I-EPA ihlukanisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano njengeziqandisi, ama-freezer kanye nemishini yokugcina ukudla okubandayo noma okuqandisiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi

Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenza isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ephumelelayo. I-ENERGY STAR ithi iziqandisi ezinesitifiketi sayo zisebenzisa cishe u-9% wamandla amancane kunezibonelo ezihlangabezana nezinga elincane lokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-United States. Izici ezifana ne-compressor esebenza kahle, insulation enhle kanye nezindlela ezingcono zokulawula izinga lokushisa zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

EMzansi Afrika, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zinezinhlelo zokulebula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. UMnyango Wezamandla waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi amalebula asebenzisa amamaki ukusuka ku-A kuya ku-G, lapho u-A emele ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanti u-G emele okuphansi.

Ukunakekelwa kwesiqandisi

Ukuze isiqandisi sisebenze kahle, kufanele sigcinwe sihlanzekile futhi iminyango yaso ivaleke kahle. I-gasket noma irabha elisemnyango kufanele ivale kahle ukuze umoya obandayo ungaphumi. Ukukhetha isiqandisi esilingana nezidingo zomndeni nakho kungasiza ekugcineni amandla, njengoba iziqandisi ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga amandla amaningi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lifanele. UMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States uncoma ukuthi ingxenye yesiqandisi ibe phakathi kuka-36°F no-40°F, okulingana cishe no-2°C kuya ku-4°C, ukuze kugcinwe ukudla ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokungadingekile.

Isiqandisi nemvelo

Indlela isiqandisi esenziwe ngayo kanye nohlobo lwe-refrigerant esiyisebenzisayo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-refrigerant zinamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba uma zikhishelwa emkhathini. I-ENERGY STAR ikhomba ama-refrigerant afana ne-R-600a njengamanye anezinga eliphansi le-Global Warming Potential uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa isiqandisi esisha, kubalulekile ukubheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nolwazi olumayelana ne-refrigerant. Isiqandisi esisebenza kahle singasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

Isiphetho

Isiqandisi siyithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla neziphuzo kubanda futhi kunciphise ukonakala kokudla. Sisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-refrigeration cycle lapho i-refrigerant idlulisa khona ukushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi kuya ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenzisa ugesi njalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenza kahle, ukusigcina kahle nokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezifanele. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo eyonga amandla kungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2108" sha1="ez93sapdwr5p4le1orssl3nl9y2kye1" xml:space="preserve">Uthayela

Uthayela uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kube uthayela oqinile.

Uthayela unezinhlobo nemibala eminingi. Ungatholakala unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungacwebezelanga, obushelelayo noma obunamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukukhetha uthayela ofanele indawo abafuna ukuwufaka kuyo. Kukhona othayela abasetshenziswa phansi, ezindongeni, ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zothayela ukuthi uqina isikhathi eside uma ufakwe kahle futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Uthayela we-ceramic uyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, amabala nokungcola, futhi kulula ukuwuhlanza. Lokhu kwenza ube yinto efanele ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya.

Uthayela ubuye usize ekuvimbeleni amanzi ukuthi angene kalula kwezinye izindawo. Yingakho uvame ukutholakala ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa khona njalo. Kwezinye izindawo kungakhethwa uthayela onendawo engasheleli ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo ingase ibe manzi.

Umlando wothayela mude kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu besebenzisa uthayela ukuhlobisa izakhiwo. Ezikhathini zakudala, uthayela wawusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini amahle ezindaweni ezifana nasezindlini nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokukhiqiza uthayela zathuthuka, kwaba lula ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi ngemibala, ubukhulu namaphethini ahlukahlukene.

== Izinkomba ==
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2023. Ceramic Tiles. Bureau of Indian Standards – Ceramic Tiles

World Floor Covering Association. Ceramic Flooring. World Floor Covering Association – Ceramic Flooring

CTM. 2025. What Are Ceramic Tiles? Benefits and Uses Explained. CTM – Ceramic Tiles

Encyclopædia Britannica. Tile. Encyclopædia Britannica – Tile</text>
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      <text bytes="2114" sha1="acc24wai7iqup4rfuvj5vs7bv057swt" xml:space="preserve">Uthayela

'''Uthayela''' uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kube uthayela oqinile.

Uthayela unezinhlobo nemibala eminingi. Ungatholakala unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungacwebezelanga, obushelelayo noma obunamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukukhetha uthayela ofanele indawo abafuna ukuwufaka kuyo. Kukhona othayela abasetshenziswa phansi, ezindongeni, ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zothayela ukuthi uqina isikhathi eside uma ufakwe kahle futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Uthayela we-ceramic uyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, amabala nokungcola, futhi kulula ukuwuhlanza. Lokhu kwenza ube yinto efanele ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya.

Uthayela ubuye usize ekuvimbeleni amanzi ukuthi angene kalula kwezinye izindawo. Yingakho uvame ukutholakala ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa khona njalo. Kwezinye izindawo kungakhethwa uthayela onendawo engasheleli ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo ingase ibe manzi.

Umlando wothayela mude kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu besebenzisa uthayela ukuhlobisa izakhiwo. Ezikhathini zakudala, uthayela wawusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini amahle ezindaweni ezifana nasezindlini nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokukhiqiza uthayela zathuthuka, kwaba lula ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi ngemibala, ubukhulu namaphethini ahlukahlukene.

== Izinkomba ==
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2023. Ceramic Tiles. Bureau of Indian Standards – Ceramic Tiles

World Floor Covering Association. Ceramic Flooring. World Floor Covering Association – Ceramic Flooring

CTM. 2025. What Are Ceramic Tiles? Benefits and Uses Explained. CTM – Ceramic Tiles

Encyclopædia Britannica. Tile. Encyclopædia Britannica – Tile</text>
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[[File:Old little shop with corrugated iron roof, selling drinks and petrol, in Don Khon, Laos.jpg|thumb|uthayela]]
'''Uthayela''' uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kube uthayela oqinile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uthayela unezinhlobo nemibala eminingi. Ungatholakala unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungacwebezelanga, obushelelayo noma obunamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukukhetha uthayela ofanele indawo abafuna ukuwufaka kuyo. Kukhona othayela abasetshenziswa phansi, ezindongeni, ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zothayela ukuthi uqina isikhathi eside uma ufakwe kahle futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Uthayela we-ceramic uyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, amabala nokungcola, futhi kulula ukuwuhlanza. Lokhu kwenza ube yinto efanele ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya.

Uthayela ubuye usize ekuvimbeleni amanzi ukuthi angene kalula kwezinye izindawo. Yingakho uvame ukutholakala ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa khona njalo. Kwezinye izindawo kungakhethwa uthayela onendawo engasheleli ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo ingase ibe manzi.

Umlando wothayela mude kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu besebenzisa uthayela ukuhlobisa izakhiwo. Ezikhathini zakudala, uthayela wawusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini amahle ezindaweni ezifana nasezindlini nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokukhiqiza uthayela zathuthuka, kwaba lula ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi ngemibala, ubukhulu namaphethini ahlukahlukene.

== Izinkomba ==


CTM. 2025. What Are Ceramic Tiles? Benefits and Uses Explained. CTM – Ceramic Tiles

Encyclopædia Britannica. Tile. Encyclopædia Britannica – Tile</text>
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[[File:Old little shop with corrugated iron roof, selling drinks and petrol, in Don Khon, Laos.jpg|thumb|uthayela]]
'''Uthayela''' uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kube uthayela oqinile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uthayela unezinhlobo nemibala eminingi. Ungatholakala unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungacwebezelanga, obushelelayo noma obunamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukukhetha uthayela ofanele indawo abafuna ukuwufaka kuyo. Kukhona othayela abasetshenziswa phansi, ezindongeni, ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zothayela ukuthi uqina isikhathi eside uma ufakwe kahle futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Uthayela we-ceramic uyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, amabala nokungcola, futhi kulula ukuwuhlanza. Lokhu kwenza ube yinto efanele ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya.

Uthayela ubuye usize ekuvimbeleni amanzi ukuthi angene kalula kwezinye izindawo. Yingakho uvame ukutholakala ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa khona njalo. Kwezinye izindawo kungakhethwa uthayela onendawo engasheleli ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo ingase ibe manzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Ceramic Tiles? {{!}} CTM|url=https://www.ctm.co.za/blog/post/what-are-ceramic-tiles-benefits-and-uses-explained|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ctm.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umlando wothayela mude kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu besebenzisa uthayela ukuhlobisa izakhiwo. Ezikhathini zakudala, uthayela wawusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini amahle ezindaweni ezifana nasezindlini nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokukhiqiza uthayela zathuthuka, kwaba lula ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi ngemibala, ubukhulu namaphethini ahlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Ceramic Tiles? {{!}} CTM|url=https://www.ctm.co.za/blog/post/what-are-ceramic-tiles-benefits-and-uses-explained|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ctm.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Isicabucabu esibomvu</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377173785|Redback spider]]&quot;</comment>
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'''isicabucabu esibomvu''' ('''''I-Latrodectus hasselti'''''), esaziwa nangokuthi '''Umfelokazi omnyama wase-[[I-Ostreliya|I-Australia]]''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ushkaryov |first=Y. A. |year=2004 |title=The multiple actions of black widow spider toxins and their selective use in neurosecretion studies |journal=Toxicon |volume=213 |issue=5 |pages=527–42 |bibcode=2004Txcn...43..527U |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.02.008 |pmid=15066411}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rodrigues Peres |first=O. |year=2016 |title=Recent Insights in Latrodectus (&quot;Black Widow&quot; Spider) Envenomation: Toxins and Their Mechanisms of Action |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-007-6388-3 |pages=333–44 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-6389-0_23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nentwig |first=N. |year=2017 |title=Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-45119-0 |pages=277–93 |chapter=Impact of Non-native Animals and Plants on Human Health |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_18}}&lt;/ref&gt; inhlobo lwesicabucaba esinobuthi kakhulu okholelwa ukuthi sivela e-Australia, kodwa manje esitholakala eNingizimu empumalanga ye-Asia, [[IJaphani|emachineni]] naseNew Zealand.  Iphinde yatholakala emabhokisini okupakisha e-United States namakoloni kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwe-Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Whyte |first=Robert |date=2017 |title=A field guide to spiders of Australia. |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |isbn=9780643107076 |location=Clayton, VIC Australia |pages=321, 339 |oclc=971943480}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyilunga le-cosmopolitan genus ''I-Latrodectus'', izicabucabu zabafelokazi. Owesifazane omdala ubonakala kalula ngomzimba wakhe omnyama oyindilinga onemigqa ebomvu evelele ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwesisu sakhe kanye nomugqa obomvu / osawolintshi omise okwe-hourglass ngaphansi. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba nobude bomzimba obucishe 

Ngemva kokukhwelana, isidoda sigcinwa kuma-spermathecae, izitho zomgudu wokuzala wesifazane, futhi singasetshenziswa eminyakeni emibili kamuva ukuvundisa amaqanda amaningana. ngayinye ilinganisela amaqanda angu-250 futhi ibekwe esikhwameni esiyindilinga samaqanda amhlophe. I-redback spider isakazeke kabanzi e-Australia, futhi ukungeniswa okungahlosiwe kuholele ekumisweni kwamakoloni eNew Zealand, e-United Arab Emirates, nase machineni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Saez |first=Natalie J. |title=Hidden housemates: the Australian redback spider |url=https://theconversation.com/hidden-housemates-the-australian-redback-spider-55570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001212848/https://theconversation.com/hidden-housemates-the-australian-redback-spider-55570 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |access-date=1 October 2017 |work=The Conversation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umhlangano</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Dean Rusk, Lyndon B. Johnson and Robert McNamara in Cabinet Room meeting February 1968.jpg|thumb]] Umhlangano  '''Umhlangano''' yindawo noma [[isikhathi]] lapho abantu behlangana khona ukuze baxoxe ngento ethile ebalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rycroft |first=David |date=1959-04 |title=English–Zulu Dictionary. Compiled by C. M. Doke, D. McK. Malcolm, and J. M. A. Sikakana. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1958. Pp. 572. |url=https://doi.org/10....&quot;</comment>
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Umhlangano

'''Umhlangano''' yindawo noma [[isikhathi]] lapho abantu behlangana khona ukuze baxoxe ngento ethile ebalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rycroft |first=David |date=1959-04 |title=English–Zulu Dictionary. Compiled by C. M. Doke, D. McK. Malcolm, and J. M. A. Sikakana. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1958. Pp. 572. |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1157532 |journal=Africa |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=209–210 |doi=10.2307/1157532 |issn=0001-9720}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emphakathini wamaZulu, umhlangano ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma kunezinkinga emndenini, esigodini noma emphakathini, kubizwa umhlangano ukuze wonke umuntu azwakalise umbono wakhe. Ekhaya, umndeni uhlangana kusihlwa eziko ukuxoxa ngezinto zosuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umhlangano omuhle udinga [[inhlonipho]], ukulalela kanye nobuholi obuhle. Umuntu omdala noma inkosi yendawo ivamise ukuhola umhlangano. Wonke umuntu unikezwa ithuba lokukhuluma ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Umhlangano ufundisa ubumbano, ukubambisana kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuthula. Uma abantu behlangana futhi bekhuluma ngenhlonipho, imindeni nemiphakathi iyachuma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: IsiZulu and English 2e Grade 4-9|url=https://oxford.co.za/shop/other/9780199079544-oxford-bilingual-school-dictionary-isizulu-and-english-2e-grade-4-9/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Oxford University Press Southern Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
3. Oxford IsiZulu-English School Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2010: p. 92.

[[Category:Inhlonipho]]</text>
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    <title>Uthayela</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Uthayela [[File:Old little shop with corrugated iron roof, selling drinks and petrol, in Don Khon, Laos.jpg|thumb|uthayela]] '''Uthayela''' uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazing...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2602" sha1="7m8be9crvgu6sksxsvqnvwztkm2jvzu" xml:space="preserve">Uthayela
[[File:Old little shop with corrugated iron roof, selling drinks and petrol, in Don Khon, Laos.jpg|thumb|uthayela]]
'''Uthayela''' uyinto yokwakha esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini, ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo nakwezinye izakhiwo. Usetshenziswa kakhulu phansi nasezindongeni ukuze enze indawo ibukeke kahle futhi kube lula ukuyihlanza. Izinhlobo eziningi zothayela zenziwa ngobumba, isihlabathi namanye amaminerali emvelo, bese lezi zinto zibunjwa zishiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kube uthayela oqinile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uthayela unezinhlobo nemibala eminingi. Ungatholakala unobuso obucwebezelayo, obungacwebezelanga, obushelelayo noma obunamaphethini ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenza abantu bakwazi ukukhetha uthayela ofanele indawo abafuna ukuwufaka kuyo. Kukhona othayela abasetshenziswa phansi, ezindongeni, ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ceramic Flooring – World Floor Covering Association|url=https://wfca.org/ceramic-flooring|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zothayela ukuthi uqina isikhathi eside uma ufakwe kahle futhi unakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Uthayela we-ceramic uyakwazi ukumelana nokuguga, amabala nokungcola, futhi kulula ukuwuhlanza. Lokhu kwenza ube yinto efanele ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya.

Uthayela ubuye usize ekuvimbeleni amanzi ukuthi angene kalula kwezinye izindawo. Yingakho uvame ukutholakala ezindlini zangasese nasemakhishini, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa khona njalo. Kwezinye izindawo kungakhethwa uthayela onendawo engasheleli ukuze unciphise amathuba okushelela, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo ingase ibe manzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Ceramic Tiles? {{!}} CTM|url=https://www.ctm.co.za/blog/post/what-are-ceramic-tiles-benefits-and-uses-explained|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ctm.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umlando wothayela mude kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu besebenzisa uthayela ukuhlobisa izakhiwo. Ezikhathini zakudala, uthayela wawusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphethini amahle ezindaweni ezifana nasezindlini nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindlela zokukhiqiza uthayela zathuthuka, kwaba lula ukwenza izinhlobo eziningi ngemibala, ubukhulu namaphethini ahlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Ceramic Tiles? {{!}} CTM|url=https://www.ctm.co.za/blog/post/what-are-ceramic-tiles-benefits-and-uses-explained|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.ctm.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isiqandisi  '''ISIQANDISI'''   Isiqandisi siyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela nasezitolo ukuze kugcinwe ukudla neziphuzo kubanda. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ukuze kusizwe ekunciphiseni ukonakala kwako. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, iziqandisi neziqandisi zokudla okuqandisiwe zenzelwe ukupholisa nokugcina ukudla neziphuzo, futhi ezinye zazo ziyakwazi nokwenza iqhwa.[https://w...&quot;</comment>
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'''ISIQANDISI'''


Isiqandisi siyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela nasezitolo ukuze kugcinwe ukudla neziphuzo kubanda. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ukuze kusizwe ekunciphiseni ukonakala kwako. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, iziqandisi neziqandisi zokudla okuqandisiwe zenzelwe ukupholisa nokugcina ukudla neziphuzo, futhi ezinye zazo ziyakwazi nokwenza iqhwa.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

Indlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo

Isiqandisi sisebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-*vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi **refrigerant*, ehamba phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesiqandisi ukuze kususwe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwaso. I-EPA ichaza ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zokupholisa zisebenzisa i-refrigerant kulolu hlobo lomjikelezo ukuze kupholiswe indawo noma into ethile.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesiqandisi zihlanganisa i-*compressor, condenser, expansion device* kanye ne-*evaporator*. I-compressor icindezela i-refrigerant, bese iya ku-condenser lapho ikhipha khona ukushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-refrigerant idlula endaweni yokunciphisa umfutho, bese iya ku-evaporator lapho ithatha khona ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi. Lokhu kwenza ingaphakathi lesiqandisi libe sezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

Ukubaluleka kwesiqandisi

Isiqandisi sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngokugcina ukudla kubanda, kuncishiswa amathuba okuthi ukudla konakale ngokushesha. Lokhu kusiza imindeni ukuthi igcine ukudla okuthile izinsuku eziningana futhi kunciphise nokumoshwa kokudla.

Iziqandisi zibalulekile nasemabhizinisini afana nezitolo, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokucubungula ukudla. I-EPA ihlukanisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano njengeziqandisi, ama-freezer kanye nemishini yokugcina ukudla okubandayo noma okuqandisiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi

Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenza isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ephumelelayo. I-ENERGY STAR ithi iziqandisi ezinesitifiketi sayo zisebenzisa cishe u-9% wamandla amancane kunezibonelo ezihlangabezana nezinga elincane lokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-United States. Izici ezifana ne-compressor esebenza kahle, insulation enhle kanye nezindlela ezingcono zokulawula izinga lokushisa zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

EMzansi Afrika, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zinezinhlelo zokulebula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. UMnyango Wezamandla waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi amalebula asebenzisa amamaki ukusuka ku-A kuya ku-G, lapho u-A emele ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanti u-G emele okuphansi.

Ukunakekelwa kwesiqandisi

Ukuze isiqandisi sisebenze kahle, kufanele sigcinwe sihlanzekile futhi iminyango yaso ivaleke kahle. I-gasket noma irabha elisemnyango kufanele ivale kahle ukuze umoya obandayo ungaphumi. Ukukhetha isiqandisi esilingana nezidingo zomndeni nakho kungasiza ekugcineni amandla, njengoba iziqandisi ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga amandla amaningi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lifanele. UMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States uncoma ukuthi ingxenye yesiqandisi ibe phakathi kuka-36°F no-40°F, okulingana cishe no-2°C kuya ku-4°C, ukuze kugcinwe ukudla ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokungadingekile.

Isiqandisi nemvelo

Indlela isiqandisi esenziwe ngayo kanye nohlobo lwe-refrigerant esiyisebenzisayo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-refrigerant zinamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba uma zikhishelwa emkhathini. I-ENERGY STAR ikhomba ama-refrigerant afana ne-R-600a njengamanye anezinga eliphansi le-Global Warming Potential uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa isiqandisi esisha, kubalulekile ukubheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nolwazi olumayelana ne-refrigerant. Isiqandisi esisebenza kahle singasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

Isiphetho

Isiqandisi siyithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla neziphuzo kubanda futhi kunciphise ukonakala kokudla. Sisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-refrigeration cycle lapho i-refrigerant idlulisa khona ukushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi kuya ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenzisa ugesi njalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenza kahle, ukusigcina kahle nokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezifanele. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo eyonga amandla kungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4715" sha1="07e46er6hmrgxcz9mx39brue22tituj" xml:space="preserve">'''Isiqandisi''' siyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya, ezindaweni zokudlela nasezitolo ukuze kugcinwe ukudla neziphuzo kubanda. Umsebenzi waso omkhulu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudla ukuze kusizwe ekunciphiseni ukonakala kwako. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States, iziqandisi neziqandisi zokudla okuqandisiwe zenzelwe ukupholisa nokugcina ukudla neziphuzo, futhi ezinye zazo ziyakwazi nokwenza iqhwa.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

== Indlela isiqandisi esisebenza ngayo ==
Isiqandisi sisebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge-*vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi **refrigerant*, ehamba phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesiqandisi ukuze kususwe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwaso. uPhiko lokuLondoloza iMvelo wase[[Melika]] (EPA) ichaza ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi zokupholisa zisebenzisa i-refrigerant kulolu hlobo lomjikelezo ukuze kupholiswe indawo noma into ethile.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesiqandisi zihlanganisa i-*compressor, condenser, expansion device* kanye ne-*evaporator*. I-compressor icindezela i-refrigerant, bese iya ku-condenser lapho ikhipha khona ukushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-refrigerant idlula endaweni yokunciphisa umfutho, bese iya ku-evaporator lapho ithatha khona ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi. Lokhu kwenza ingaphakathi lesiqandisi libe sezingeni lokushisa eliphansi.[https://www.energy.gov/cmei/buildings/refrigeration-products]

== Ukubaluleka kwesiqandisi ==
Isiqandisi sibalulekile ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngokugcina ukudla kubanda, kuncishiswa amathuba okuthi ukudla konakale ngokushesha. Lokhu kusiza imindeni ukuthi igcine ukudla okuthile izinsuku eziningana futhi kunciphise nokumoshwa kokudla.

Iziqandisi zibalulekile nasemabhizinisini afana nezitolo, izindawo zokudlela nezindawo zokucubungula ukudla. uPhiko lokuLondoloza iMvelo uhlukanisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano njengeziqandisi, ama-freezer kanye nemishini yokugcina ukudla okubandayo noma okuqandisiwe.

== Ukusetshenziswa kwamazuba ==
Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenza isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ephumelelayo. I-ENERGY STAR ithi iziqandisi ezinesitifiketi sayo zisebenzisa cishe u-9% wamandla amancane kunezibonelo ezihlangabezana nezinga elincane lokusebenza kahle kwamandla e-United States. Izici ezifana ne-compressor esebenza kahle, insulation enhle kanye nezindlela ezingcono zokulawula izinga lokushisa zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

eNingizimu Afrika, izisetshenziswa zikagesi zinezinhlelo zokulebula ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. UMnyango Wezamandla waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi amalebula asebenzisa amamaki ukusuka ku-A kuya ku-G, lapho u-A emele ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanti u-G emele okuphansi.

== Ukunakekelwa kwesiqandisi ==
Ukuze isiqandisi sisebenze kahle, kufanele sigcinwe sihlanzekile futhi iminyango yaso ivaleke kahle. I-gasket noma irabha elisemnyango kufanele ivale kahle ukuze umoya obandayo ungaphumi. Ukukhetha isiqandisi esilingana nezidingo zomndeni nakho kungasiza ekugcineni amandla, njengoba iziqandisi ezinkulu ngokuvamile zidinga amandla amaningi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lifanele. uMnyango wamaZuba waseMelika uncoma ukuthi ingxenye yesiqandisi ibe phakathi kuka-36°F no-40°F, okulingana cishe no-2°C kuya ku-4°C, ukuze kugcinwe ukudla ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokungadingekile.

== Isiqandisi nemvelo ==
Indlela isiqandisi esenziwe ngayo kanye nohlobo lwe-refrigerant esiyisebenzisayo kungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-refrigerant zinamandla amakhulu okufaka isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba uma zikhishelwa emkhathini. I-ENERGY STAR ikhomba ama-refrigerant afana ne-R-600a njengamanye anezinga eliphansi le-Global Warming Potential uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kuthengwa isiqandisi esisha, kubalulekile ukubheka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nolwazi olumayelana ne-refrigerant. Isiqandisi esisebenza kahle singasiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

Isiqandisi siyithuluzi elibalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke ngoba sisiza ukugcina ukudla neziphuzo kubanda futhi kunciphise ukonakala kokudla. Sisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-refrigeration cycle lapho i-refrigerant idlulisa khona ukushisa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi kuya ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi isiqandisi sisebenzisa ugesi njalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha esisebenza kahle, ukusigcina kahle nokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ezifanele. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo eyonga amandla kungasiza ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Ifoni&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5" sha1="rqbv76shkqkzipjsaemgwqkv1p0hsef" xml:space="preserve">Ifoni</text>
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      <text bytes="2158" sha1="fjvem7u7fe9zzxguqq8pzvtj0tzdrqw" xml:space="preserve">Ifoni

'''Ifoni''' iyithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, ifoni yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza nokwamukela izingcingo, kodwa namuhla ama-smartphone asetshenziselwa izinto eziningi njengokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabanye abantu.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ngefoni ukuthi yenza kube lula ukuxhumana. Abantu bangaxhumana nemindeni, abangani, othisha kanye nozakwabo noma bekude. Izingcingo nemiyalezo kusiza abantu ukuthi babelane ngolwazi ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa futhi ekusizeni abantu ukuthi bathole ulwazi lwezempilo nezikhumbuzo ngezinsizakalo zezempilo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zezempilo.

Ifoni ibalulekile nasemfundweni. Abafundi bangayisebenzisa ukufunda, ukucwaninga, ukufinyelela izincwadi eziku-inthanethi nokubuka izinto zokufundisa. I-UNESCO iveza ukuthi ukufunda kusetshenziswa imishini yeselula kungasiza ekwandiseni ukufinyelela olwazini nasekuthuthukiseni amathuba okufunda.

Nokho, ifoni kufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungahambisana nezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ezisebenzisa ngokweqile. I-WHO igcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-inthanethi, ama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu balawule isikhathi abasichitha befoni futhi bagweme ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esingafanele, njengalapho befunda noma beshayela.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). Be He@lthy, Be Mobile. WHO – Be He@lthy, Be Mobile

UNESCO. Best Practices in Mobile Learning. UNESCO – Mobile Learning

World Health Organization (WHO). Public Health Implications of Excessive Use of the Internet and Other Communication and Gaming Platforms. WHO – Public Health Implications

International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Digital Technologies for Global Development. ITU – Digital Technologies</text>
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      <text bytes="2527" sha1="jqz9u7s21vmmg3fjcsevrgfzenaokvb" xml:space="preserve">Ifoni

'''Ifoni''' iyithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, ifoni yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza nokwamukela izingcingo, kodwa namuhla ama-smartphone asetshenziselwa izinto eziningi njengokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabanye abantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Be healthy be mobile|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ngefoni ukuthi yenza kube lula ukuxhumana. Abantu bangaxhumana nemindeni, abangani, othisha kanye nozakwabo noma bekude. Izingcingo nemiyalezo kusiza abantu ukuthi babelane ngolwazi ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa futhi ekusizeni abantu ukuthi bathole ulwazi lwezempilo nezikhumbuzo ngezinsizakalo zezempilo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zezempilo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Be healthy be mobile|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ifoni ibalulekile nasemfundweni. Abafundi bangayisebenzisa ukufunda, ukucwaninga, ukufinyelela izincwadi eziku-inthanethi nokubuka izinto zokufundisa. I-UNESCO iveza ukuthi ukufunda kusetshenziswa imishini yeselula kungasiza ekwandiseni ukufinyelela olwazini nasekuthuthukiseni amathuba okufunda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Yves |first=Beigbeder |date=2013-07 |title=World Health Organization (WHO) |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e575 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-923169-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, ifoni kufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungahambisana nezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ezisebenzisa ngokweqile. I-WHO igcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-inthanethi, ama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu balawule isikhathi abasichitha befoni futhi bagweme ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esingafanele, njengalapho befunda noma beshayela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abbott |first=M.W. |date=2020-07 |title=Gambling and gambling-related harm: recent World Health Organization initiatives |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.001 |journal=Public Health |volume=184 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.001 |issn=0033-3506}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
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'''Ubuntu (Philosophy)'''

Indlela esingachza ngayo [[ubuntu]] ejwayelekile ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. Abanye bengasho nokuthi [[izandla]] ziyagezana ngoba emhlabeni kuysizwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gugulethu |first=Buthelezi Penelope Zamashenge |date=2025-11-25 |title=Ubuntu Philosophy Explained from a Life Sciences Perspective: Bridging Indigenous Zulu Traditional Practices and Biological Science |url=https://jcasc.com/index.php/jcasc/article/view/2307 |journal=Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change |language=en |pages=4564–4569 |doi=10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2307 |issn=2589-1316}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuyamangaza nokuthi kuso lesi sikhathi sika 2026 abantu basakholelwa kuko lukhu yize izwe seliguquke kakhulu kepha basakholelwa ebuntwini ngoba noma ungaguquka kanjai umhlaba kepha ubuntu buyolokhu buhleli bukhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bennet|date=2026-07-08|title=Ubuntu in 2026: Is the Philosophy Still Relevant? -|url=https://spectacularmag.co.za/2026/07/08/ubuntu-in-2026-is-the-philosophy-still-relevant/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu abaningi ubuntu babukhombisa ngokuhi bachithe isikhathi ndawonye benza abakuthandayo noma benza umsebenzi wokubuyisela emphakathini.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ubuntu buyayidlala nendima yokuthi abantu bebengabantu abancono futhi bethathe izinqumo ezincono futhi ezizothuthukisa izimpilo zabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Tete|first=Sneha|date=2025-08-02|title=Understanding Ubuntu: South Africa’s Humanist Philosophy of Connection|url=https://www.pathculture.com/travel/understanding-ubuntu-south-africa-philosophy/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PathCulture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singeza isibonelo ngo [[Nelson Mandela]] owenza ubuntu ngesikhathi sobandlululo waxoxela abamhlophe ukuze kuzothuthuka izwe kuphele okungazwani phakathi kwezinhlanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izitolo&quot;</comment>
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'''Izitolo''' Nemisebenzi Yazo Emphakathini

Izitolo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ngoba zinikeza abantu indawo lapho bethenga khona izinto abazidingayo nsuku zonke, njengokudla, izingubo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nezinye izimpahla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo, okuhlanganisa izitolo ezincane, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo eziku-inthanethi.

Izitolo ezincane zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi zisiza abantu ukuthi bathenge izinto eziseduze namakhaya abo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitolo ezinkulu ziba nemikhiqizo eminingi futhi zivame ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinketho ezahlukene. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe sekuphinde kwenza ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuthenga izinto nge-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuvakashela isitolo mathupha.[https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P62421/P62421May2026.pdf]

Izitolo zibalulekile nasemnothweni ngoba ziqasha abantu futhi zenza kube lula ukuthi abakhiqizi nabathengisi bafinyelele kubathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amancane athengisa ezindaweni zawo angaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wendawo.

Kodwa-ke, izitolo zibhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokuncintisana, ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokushintsha kwezindlela abantu abathenga ngazo. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi sekukhule kakhulu, okwenza abathengisi kudingeke basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Izitolo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu nasemnothweni. Nakuba indlela yokuthenga ishintsha ngenxa yobuchwepheshe, izitolo zisalokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka abantu ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo abazidingayo.
[[File:Lloyd Mall Entrance 2020.jpg|thumb|Izitolo]]

== Izinkomba ==
1. Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). Retail Trade Sales. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.

2. World Bank. Digital Economy and E-commerce. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

3. South African Reserve Bank (SARB). Annual Report. Pretoria: SARB.</text>
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'''Izitolo''' Nemisebenzi Yazo Emphakathini

Izitolo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ngoba zinikeza abantu indawo lapho bethenga khona izinto abazidingayo nsuku zonke, njengokudla, izingubo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nezinye izimpahla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo, okuhlanganisa izitolo ezincane, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo eziku-inthanethi.

Izitolo ezincane zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi zisiza abantu ukuthi bathenge izinto eziseduze namakhaya abo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitolo ezinkulu ziba nemikhiqizo eminingi futhi zivame ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinketho ezahlukene. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe sekuphinde kwenza ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuthenga izinto nge-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuvakashela isitolo mathupha.[https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P62421/P62421May2026.pdf]

Izitolo zibalulekile nasemnothweni ngoba ziqasha abantu futhi zenza kube lula ukuthi abakhiqizi nabathengisi bafinyelele kubathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amancane athengisa ezindaweni zawo angaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wendawo.

Kodwa-ke, izitolo zibhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokuncintisana, ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokushintsha kwezindlela abantu abathenga ngazo. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi sekukhule kakhulu, okwenza abathengisi kudingeke basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Izitolo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu nasemnothweni. Nakuba indlela yokuthenga ishintsha ngenxa yobuchwepheshe, izitolo zisalokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka abantu ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo abazidingayo.
[[File:Lloyd Mall Entrance 2020.jpg|thumb|Izitolo]]

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Ifoni  '''Ifoni''' iyithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, ifoni yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza nokwamukela izingcingo, kodwa namuhla ama-smartphone asetshenziselwa izinto eziningi njengokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabanye abantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Be healthy be mobile|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who....&quot;</comment>
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'''Ifoni''' iyithuluzi lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, ifoni yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza nokwamukela izingcingo, kodwa namuhla ama-smartphone asetshenziselwa izinto eziningi njengokuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukufunda kanye nokuxhumana nabanye abantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Be healthy be mobile|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ngefoni ukuthi yenza kube lula ukuxhumana. Abantu bangaxhumana nemindeni, abangani, othisha kanye nozakwabo noma bekude. Izingcingo nemiyalezo kusiza abantu ukuthi babelane ngolwazi ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa futhi ekusizeni abantu ukuthi bathole ulwazi lwezempilo nezikhumbuzo ngezinsizakalo zezempilo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beselula bungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zezempilo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Be healthy be mobile|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ifoni ibalulekile nasemfundweni. Abafundi bangayisebenzisa ukufunda, ukucwaninga, ukufinyelela izincwadi eziku-inthanethi nokubuka izinto zokufundisa. I-UNESCO iveza ukuthi ukufunda kusetshenziswa imishini yeselula kungasiza ekwandiseni ukufinyelela olwazini nasekuthuthukiseni amathuba okufunda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Yves |first=Beigbeder |date=2013-07 |title=World Health Organization (WHO) |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e575 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-923169-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, ifoni kufanele isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungahambisana nezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ezisebenzisa ngokweqile. I-WHO igcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-inthanethi, ama-smartphone nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu balawule isikhathi abasichitha befoni futhi bagweme ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi esingafanele, njengalapho befunda noma beshayela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Abbott |first=M.W. |date=2020-07 |title=Gambling and gambling-related harm: recent World Health Organization initiatives |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.001 |journal=Public Health |volume=184 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.001 |issn=0033-3506}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Udaka</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Dirt road, Ondřejovsko (2).jpg|thumb]] Udaka  '''Udaka''' yinhlabathi emanzi [[exutshwe]] namanzi. Lutholakala emifuleni, ezindaweni ezimanzini kanye nangemva kwemvula enkulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST18:24:06|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Udaka lubalul...&quot;</comment>
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Udaka

'''Udaka''' yinhlabathi emanzi [[exutshwe]] namanzi. Lutholakala emifuleni, ezindaweni ezimanzini kanye nangemva kwemvula enkulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST18:24:06|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Udaka lubalulekile kakhulu empilweni yabantu. Abantu bakudala babusebenzisa ukwakha izindlu, ukubumba izimbiza kanye nokubumba amabhodwe okugcina amanzi. Namanje, ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abantu basebenzisa udaka ukwakha izindlu eziqinile nezifudumele ebusika futhi ezipholile ehlobo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shuter &amp; Shooter Publishers (Pty) Ltd - Viewproduct|url=https://www.shuters.co.za/pages/store/viewproduct/?ProductId=10014|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.shuters.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, udaka lungaba yingozi. Uma imvula iningi, udaka [[lungabangela]] ukushelela kwezimoto kanye nokuwa kwezindlu ezingaqinile. Izingane ziyathanda ukudlala ngodaka, kodwa kumele zigeze izandla ngoba udaka lunezikelemu ezingabangela izifo.

Ngakho-ke, udaka luwusizo uma lusetshenziswa kahle, kodwa ludinga ukunakekelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2023-03-02 |title=press, adj. |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/9244339684 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Lungabangela]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izitolo  '''Izitolo''' Nemisebenzi Yazo Emphakathini  Izitolo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ngoba zinikeza abantu indawo lapho bethenga khona izinto abazidingayo nsuku zonke, njengokudla, izingubo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nezinye izimpahla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo, okuhlanganisa izitolo ezincane, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo eziku-inthanethi.  Izitolo ezincane zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi zisiza abantu ukuthi bathenge izinto ezised...&quot;</comment>
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'''Izitolo''' Nemisebenzi Yazo Emphakathini

Izitolo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ngoba zinikeza abantu indawo lapho bethenga khona izinto abazidingayo nsuku zonke, njengokudla, izingubo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nezinye izimpahla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo, okuhlanganisa izitolo ezincane, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo eziku-inthanethi.

Izitolo ezincane zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi zisiza abantu ukuthi bathenge izinto eziseduze namakhaya abo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitolo ezinkulu ziba nemikhiqizo eminingi futhi zivame ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinketho ezahlukene. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe sekuphinde kwenza ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuthenga izinto nge-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuvakashela isitolo mathupha.[https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P62421/P62421May2026.pdf]

Izitolo zibalulekile nasemnothweni ngoba ziqasha abantu futhi zenza kube lula ukuthi abakhiqizi nabathengisi bafinyelele kubathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amancane athengisa ezindaweni zawo angaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wendawo.

Kodwa-ke, izitolo zibhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokuncintisana, ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokushintsha kwezindlela abantu abathenga ngazo. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi sekukhule kakhulu, okwenza abathengisi kudingeke basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Izitolo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu nasemnothweni. Nakuba indlela yokuthenga ishintsha ngenxa yobuchwepheshe, izitolo zisalokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka abantu ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo abazidingayo.
[[File:Lloyd Mall Entrance 2020.jpg|thumb|Izitolo]]

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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Izitolo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi ngoba zinikeza abantu indawo lapho bethenga khona izinto abazidingayo nsuku zonke, njengokudla, izingubo, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza kanye nezinye izimpahla. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo, okuhlanganisa izitolo ezincane, izitolo ezinkulu kanye nezitolo eziku-inthanethi.

Izitolo ezincane zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi zisiza abantu ukuthi bathenge izinto eziseduze namakhaya abo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitolo ezinkulu ziba nemikhiqizo eminingi futhi zivame ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinketho ezahlukene. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe sekuphinde kwenza ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukuthenga izinto nge-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuvakashela isitolo mathupha.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P62421/P62421May2026.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;

Izitolo zibalulekile nasemnothweni ngoba ziqasha abantu futhi zenza kube lula ukuthi abakhiqizi nabathengisi bafinyelele kubathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amancane athengisa ezindaweni zawo angaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wendawo.

Kodwa-ke, izitolo zibhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokuncintisana, ukwanda kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokushintsha kwezindlela abantu abathenga ngazo. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi sekukhule kakhulu, okwenza abathengisi kudingeke basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Izitolo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu nasemnothweni. Nakuba indlela yokuthenga ishintsha ngenxa yobuchwepheshe, izitolo zisalokhu ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka abantu ngezimpahla nezinsizakalo abazidingayo.


== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1839" sha1="56z3o4o2ig0txtzy61jmnf7yukfzrha" xml:space="preserve">Isiphuzo

'''Isiphuzo''' siyinto ephuzwayo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma, kutholakale amanzi emzimbeni noma kujatshulelwe ukunambitheka kwaso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo, ezihlanganisa amanzi, ubisi, itiye, ikhofi, amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezithambile. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ngoba umzimba uyawadinga ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanzi asiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuthutha izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuza emzimbeni.

Iziphuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.Uma umuntu engaphuzi amanzi anele, angaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle, ukushisa komzimba nokunye ukungakhululeki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi njalo phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa noma umuntu enza umsebenzi odinga amandla amaningi.

Nokho, akuzona zonke iziphuzo ezinomthelela ofanayo empilweni.Ezinye iziphuzo, njengama-soft drinks, ama-energy drinks nezinye iziphuzo ezifakwe ushukela omningi, zingaba noshukela namandla amaningi kodwa zingabi nezakhamzimba ezanele. Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela njalo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nokubola kwamazinyo.

Iziphuzo zingaba yingxenye yesiko nemikhuba yabantu. Imindeni nabantu emiphakathini ehlukahlukene bangase babe neziphuzo abazilungiselela emicimbini, emihlanganweni noma ngezikhathi zokwamukela izivakashi. Lokhu kwenza iziphuzo zibe yingxenye yokuxhumana nokwabelana phakathi kwabantu.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). Healthy Diet. WHO Healthy Diet

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2026. About Water and Healthier Drinks. CDC: Water and Healthier Drinks

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2026. Fast Facts: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption. CDC: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages</text>
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      <text bytes="2364" sha1="aa2fzd5zw9wnymt30jk9906gaaci1xz" xml:space="preserve">Isiphuzo

'''Isiphuzo''' siyinto ephuzwayo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma, kutholakale amanzi emzimbeni noma kujatshulelwe ukunambitheka kwaso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo, ezihlanganisa amanzi, ubisi, itiye, ikhofi, amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezithambile. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ngoba umzimba uyawadinga ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanzi asiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuthutha izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuza emzimbeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Healthy diet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.Uma umuntu engaphuzi amanzi anele, angaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle, ukushisa komzimba nokunye ukungakhululeki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi njalo phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa noma umuntu enza umsebenzi odinga amandla amaningi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, akuzona zonke iziphuzo ezinomthelela ofanayo empilweni.Ezinye iziphuzo, njengama-soft drinks, ama-energy drinks nezinye iziphuzo ezifakwe ushukela omningi, zingaba noshukela namandla amaningi kodwa zingabi nezakhamzimba ezanele. Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela njalo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nokubola kwamazinyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zingaba yingxenye yesiko nemikhuba yabantu. Imindeni nabantu emiphakathini ehlukahlukene bangase babe neziphuzo abazilungiselela emicimbini, emihlanganweni noma ngezikhathi zokwamukela izivakashi. Lokhu kwenza iziphuzo zibe yingxenye yokuxhumana nokwabelana phakathi kwabantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nene |first=Sindisiwe Portia |title=Sugar-sweetened beverages and household sugar consumption patterns among adults living in Southgate, Phoenix |url=https://doi.org/10.51415/10321/5692}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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[[File:Rooh Afza (Sharbat).JPG|thumb|isiphuzo]]

'''Isiphuzo''' siyinto ephuzwayo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma, kutholakale amanzi emzimbeni noma kujatshulelwe ukunambitheka kwaso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo, ezihlanganisa amanzi, ubisi, itiye, ikhofi, amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezithambile. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ngoba umzimba uyawadinga ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanzi asiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuthutha izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuza emzimbeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Healthy diet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.Uma umuntu engaphuzi amanzi anele, angaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle, ukushisa komzimba nokunye ukungakhululeki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi njalo phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa noma umuntu enza umsebenzi odinga amandla amaningi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, akuzona zonke iziphuzo ezinomthelela ofanayo empilweni.Ezinye iziphuzo, njengama-soft drinks, ama-energy drinks nezinye iziphuzo ezifakwe ushukela omningi, zingaba noshukela namandla amaningi kodwa zingabi nezakhamzimba ezanele. Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela njalo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nokubola kwamazinyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zingaba yingxenye yesiko nemikhuba yabantu. Imindeni nabantu emiphakathini ehlukahlukene bangase babe neziphuzo abazilungiselela emicimbini, emihlanganweni noma ngezikhathi zokwamukela izivakashi. Lokhu kwenza iziphuzo zibe yingxenye yokuxhumana nokwabelana phakathi kwabantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nene |first=Sindisiwe Portia |title=Sugar-sweetened beverages and household sugar consumption patterns among adults living in Southgate, Phoenix |url=https://doi.org/10.51415/10321/5692}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>igama le athikli</comment>
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      <text bytes="25" sha1="nvcpru6t60lrdifr5opcvwmnqrj6t9x" xml:space="preserve">draft 1 igama le articles</text>
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      <comment>created a draft</comment>
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      <text bytes="32" sha1="dkx89jet78aya03cqnlqmk0khjc6z0n" xml:space="preserve">[[User:Lowndiey DRAFT1|Draft 1]]</text>
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      <comment>created a draft 2</comment>
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      <comment>Created draft 3</comment>
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      <comment>Created Draft 4</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Umqhomo&quot;</comment>
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'''UMQHUMO''': UMSEBENZI NOKUBALULEKA KWAWO EMPILWENI

Umqhumo, okusho umsebenzi esiNgqumweni, uyinto ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu nasemphakathini. Umsebenzi usiza umuntu ukuba akwazi ukuziphilisa, anakekele umndeni wakhe futhi abe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi. Kuzo zonke izindawo, abantu benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuye ngamakhono, izifundo kanye namathuba abanawo. [https://access.portico.org/Portico/auView?auId=ark:%2F27927%2Fphx2c2bvt22]

IsiNgqumo siwuhlobo lolimi oluhlotshaniswa kakhulu nemiphakathi ethile yabantu abakhuluma isiZulu. Ucwaningo lweNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiNgqumo sakha amagama ngendlela efana nesiZulu, kodwa amanye amagama aguqulwa noma aqanjwe kabusha. Isibonelo esinikezwa ocwaningweni yilesi: umqhumo usho “work”, kanti emqhumenini usho indawo noma isimo esihlobene nomsebenzi. NgesiZulu esijwayelekile, igama elisetshenziswa kakhulu ngu-umsebenzi.

Umsebenzi unendima enkulu ekwakheni ikusasa lomuntu. Abantu abanomsebenzi bangakwazi ukuthola imali yokuthenga ukudla, ukukhokhela izidingo zasekhaya, ukukhokhela imfundo kanye nokunye okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi unikeza umuntu ithuba lokusebenzisa amakhono akhe nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umnotho.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi imisebenzi ihlonishwe ngokulinganayo. Akufanele umsebenzi uthathwe njengobalulekile kuphela uma uholela imali eningi. Abalimi, othisha, abahlengikazi, abathengisi, abakhi, abashayeli kanye nabanye abasebenzi bonke banegalelo elibalulekile emphakathini. Umsebenzi ngamunye ugcwalisa isidingo esithile.

Ulimi nalo lubalulekile ekugcineni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afana no-umqhumo kukhombisa ukuthi izilimi azimi ndawonye; ziyaguquka futhi zakhe amagama amasha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusiza abacwaningi ukuqonda ukuthi ulimi luhlangana kanjani nesiko, umlando kanye nempilo yabantu.[https://access.portico.org/Portico/auView?auId=ark:%2F27927%2Fphx2c2bvt22]

Isiphetho
[[File:Niederschöneweide.jpg|thumb|Umqhomo]]
Umqhumo, noma umsebenzi, uyisisekelo esibalulekile empilweni yomuntu nasemphakathini. Usiza ekuziphiliseni, ekuthuthukiseni amakhono nasekwakheni umphakathi onamandla. Ukufunda nangokuqonda amagama esiNgqumo afana no-umqhumo kusikhombisa nokubaluleka kolimi ekugcineni amasiko nobunikazi babantu.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>User:LondiweBridget/Draft 9</title>
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      <comment>ngibhale idraft yesishangalolunye</comment>
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      <text bytes="32" sha1="qipj1jga5o5ol5jpstgc66wkbxzk33g" xml:space="preserve">Le iDraft yami yesishangalolunye</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umqhomo</title>
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        <username>Nxangiphililenzima</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Umqhomo  '''UMQHUMO''': UMSEBENZI NOKUBALULEKA KWAWO EMPILWENI  Umqhumo, okusho umsebenzi esiNgqumweni, uyinto ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu nasemphakathini. Umsebenzi usiza umuntu ukuba akwazi ukuziphilisa, anakekele umndeni wakhe futhi abe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi. Kuzo zonke izindawo, abantu benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuye ngamakhono, izifundo kanye namathuba abanawo. [https://access.portico.org/Portico/auView?auId=ark:%2F27927%2Fphx2c2bvt22]  IsiNgqumo...&quot;</comment>
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'''UMQHUMO''': UMSEBENZI NOKUBALULEKA KWAWO EMPILWENI

Umqhumo, okusho umsebenzi esiNgqumweni, uyinto ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu nasemphakathini. Umsebenzi usiza umuntu ukuba akwazi ukuziphilisa, anakekele umndeni wakhe futhi abe negalelo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi. Kuzo zonke izindawo, abantu benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kuye ngamakhono, izifundo kanye namathuba abanawo. [https://access.portico.org/Portico/auView?auId=ark:%2F27927%2Fphx2c2bvt22]

IsiNgqumo siwuhlobo lolimi oluhlotshaniswa kakhulu nemiphakathi ethile yabantu abakhuluma isiZulu. Ucwaningo lweNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiNgqumo sakha amagama ngendlela efana nesiZulu, kodwa amanye amagama aguqulwa noma aqanjwe kabusha. Isibonelo esinikezwa ocwaningweni yilesi: umqhumo usho “work”, kanti emqhumenini usho indawo noma isimo esihlobene nomsebenzi. NgesiZulu esijwayelekile, igama elisetshenziswa kakhulu ngu-umsebenzi.

Umsebenzi unendima enkulu ekwakheni ikusasa lomuntu. Abantu abanomsebenzi bangakwazi ukuthola imali yokuthenga ukudla, ukukhokhela izidingo zasekhaya, ukukhokhela imfundo kanye nokunye okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi unikeza umuntu ithuba lokusebenzisa amakhono akhe nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni umnotho.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi imisebenzi ihlonishwe ngokulinganayo. Akufanele umsebenzi uthathwe njengobalulekile kuphela uma uholela imali eningi. Abalimi, othisha, abahlengikazi, abathengisi, abakhi, abashayeli kanye nabanye abasebenzi bonke banegalelo elibalulekile emphakathini. Umsebenzi ngamunye ugcwalisa isidingo esithile.

Ulimi nalo lubalulekile ekugcineni amasiko nobunikazi bomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama afana no-umqhumo kukhombisa ukuthi izilimi azimi ndawonye; ziyaguquka futhi zakhe amagama amasha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusiza abacwaningi ukuqonda ukuthi ulimi luhlangana kanjani nesiko, umlando kanye nempilo yabantu.[https://access.portico.org/Portico/auView?auId=ark:%2F27927%2Fphx2c2bvt22]

Isiphetho
[[File:Niederschöneweide.jpg|thumb|Umqhomo]]
Umqhumo, noma umsebenzi, uyisisekelo esibalulekile empilweni yomuntu nasemphakathini. Usiza ekuziphiliseni, ekuthuthukiseni amakhono nasekwakheni umphakathi onamandla. Ukufunda nangokuqonda amagama esiNgqumo afana no-umqhumo kusikhombisa nokubaluleka kolimi ekugcineni amasiko nobunikazi babantu.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Isiphuzo [[File:Rooh Afza (Sharbat).JPG|thumb|isiphuzo]]  '''Isiphuzo''' siyinto ephuzwayo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma, kutholakale amanzi emzimbeni noma kujatshulelwe ukunambitheka kwaso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo, ezihlanganisa amanzi, ubisi, itiye, ikhofi, amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezithambile. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ngoba umzimba uyawadinga ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanzi asiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuthutha izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuz...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Rooh Afza (Sharbat).JPG|thumb|isiphuzo]]

'''Isiphuzo''' siyinto ephuzwayo ukuze kuqedwe ukoma, kutholakale amanzi emzimbeni noma kujatshulelwe ukunambitheka kwaso. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo, ezihlanganisa amanzi, ubisi, itiye, ikhofi, amajusi ezithelo neziphuzo ezithambile. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi abaluleke kakhulu ngoba umzimba uyawadinga ukuze usebenze kahle. Amanzi asiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuthutha izakhamzimba nokususa imfucuza emzimbeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Healthy diet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu.Uma umuntu engaphuzi amanzi anele, angaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukungakwazi ukucabanga kahle, ukushisa komzimba nokunye ukungakhululeki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi njalo phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi uma kushisa noma umuntu enza umsebenzi odinga amandla amaningi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, akuzona zonke iziphuzo ezinomthelela ofanayo empilweni.Ezinye iziphuzo, njengama-soft drinks, ama-energy drinks nezinye iziphuzo ezifakwe ushukela omningi, zingaba noshukela namandla amaningi kodwa zingabi nezakhamzimba ezanele. Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela njalo kuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nokubola kwamazinyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2026-03-05|title=About Water and Healthier Drinks|url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/water-healthy-drinks/index.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Healthy Weight and Growth|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iziphuzo zingaba yingxenye yesiko nemikhuba yabantu. Imindeni nabantu emiphakathini ehlukahlukene bangase babe neziphuzo abazilungiselela emicimbini, emihlanganweni noma ngezikhathi zokwamukela izivakashi. Lokhu kwenza iziphuzo zibe yingxenye yokuxhumana nokwabelana phakathi kwabantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nene |first=Sindisiwe Portia |title=Sugar-sweetened beverages and household sugar consumption patterns among adults living in Southgate, Phoenix |url=https://doi.org/10.51415/10321/5692}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:View of a BMW Touring 2002 in the Classic Car Boot Sale - geograph.org.uk - 4176316.jpg|thumb]] Igusheshe  '''Igusheshe''' yimoto edume kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Igama layo langempela yi-BMW 325i E30.  Le moto yakhiwa [[ngeminyaka]] yawo-1980s kuya ku-early 1990s. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi iGusheshe ngoba uma ihamba, inomsindo othi “gusheshe” ngenxa yamandla ayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST18:49:31|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictio...&quot;</comment>
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Igusheshe

'''Igusheshe''' yimoto edume kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Igama layo langempela yi-BMW 325i E30.

Le moto yakhiwa [[ngeminyaka]] yawo-1980s kuya ku-early 1990s. Abantu bayibiza ngokuthi iGusheshe ngoba uma ihamba, inomsindo othi “gusheshe” ngenxa yamandla ayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=WitsUP|date=20260930BST18:49:31|title=English isiZulu / isiZulu English Dictionary|url=https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/EnglishisiZulu-isiZuluEnglish-Dictionary/?k=9781868147380|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Wits University Press|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Igusheshe ithandwa kakhulu ngabantu abathanda ukujikisa izimoto, okubizwa nge-[[spinning.]] Inenjini enamandla, iyashesha futhi iqinile. Ezinye izindawo zama township, iGusheshe ithathwa njengophawu lwesiqu kanye nezinga.

Nakuba indala, iGusheshe isabiza kakhulu namuhla ngoba ayisatholakali kalula futhi abantu bayayilungisa ukuze ibe ntsha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Beinart |first=William |date=1994 |title=Twentieth-century South Africa |url=http://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury0000bein |publisher=Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-289239-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Spinning.]]</text>
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'''Ucingo''' luyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. Lusenza sikwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abasendaweni ekude ngaphandle kokuthi sihambe siye kubo. Namuhla ucingo seluthuthuke kakhulu, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini bengasasetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela, kodwa sebengasetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukungena ku-inthanethi nokwenza izingcingo zevidiyo.

Ucingo lwavela ngenxa yemizamo yabasunguli abahlukene ababefuna ukuthuthukisa indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo. U-Alexander Graham Bell wanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi locingo e-United States ngomhlaka 7 Mashi 1876. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngomhlaka 10 Mashi 1876, wenza ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo lapho inkulumo yezwi yadluliselwa ngocingo waya kumsizi wakhe uThomas Watson.

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ucingo lwashintsha lwaba ithuluzi elincane nelisebenziseka kalula. Omakhalekhukhwini benza kube lula ukuthi abantu baxhumane noma kuphi lapho kunenethiwekhi. Abantu basebenzisa izingcingo emakhaya, ezikoleni, emsebenzini nasemabhizinisini. Ucingo lusiza abafundi ekufuneni ulwazi, ekuxhumaneni nothisha nasekusebenzisaneni nabanye abafundi.

Ucingo lubalulekile nasezimeni eziphuthumayo. Umuntu angalusebenzisa ukushayela amaphoyisa, abezimo eziphuthumayo noma amanye amasevisi uma kunengozi. Kanti emabhizinisini, izingcingo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi baxhumane namakhasimende kanye nabanye abasebenzi ngokushesha.

== Izinkomba ==
Library of Congress. Who is credited with inventing the telephone?

Library of Congress. Invention of the Telephone: Topics in Chronicling America.

Library of Congress. Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers: Timeline 1870–1879.

Library of Congress. Telecommunications Industry: A Research Guide.v</text>
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Ucingo

'''Ucingo''' [[luyithuluzi]] elibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. Lusenza sikwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abasendaweni ekude ngaphandle kokuthi sihambe siye kubo. Namuhla ucingo seluthuthuke kakhulu, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini bengasasetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela, kodwa sebengasetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukungena ku-inthanethi nokwenza izingcingo zevidiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who is credited with inventing the telephone?|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/who-is-credited-with-inventing-the-telephone/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lwavela ngenxa yemizamo yabasunguli abahlukene ababefuna ukuthuthukisa indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo. U-Alexander Graham Bell wanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi locingo e-United States ngomhlaka 7 Mashi 1876. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngomhlaka 10 Mashi 1876, wenza ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo lapho inkulumo yezwi yadluliselwa ngocingo waya kumsizi wakhe uThomas Watson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Forrester|first=Rochelle|date=2020|title=Invention of the Telephone|url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3513276|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ucingo lwashintsha lwaba ithuluzi elincane nelisebenziseka kalula. Omakhalekhukhwini benza kube lula ukuthi abantu baxhumane noma kuphi lapho kunenethiwekhi. Abantu basebenzisa izingcingo emakhaya, ezikoleni, emsebenzini nasemabhizinisini. Ucingo lusiza abafundi ekufuneni ulwazi, ekuxhumaneni nothisha nasekusebenzisaneni nabanye abafundi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lauer |first=Josh |date=2023-03-20 |title=The telephone answering machine: Mediated presence and the participatory condition |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231159350 |journal=New Media &amp;amp; Society |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=6861–6880 |doi=10.1177/14614448231159350 |issn=1461-4448}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lubalulekile nasezimeni eziphuthumayo. Umuntu angalusebenzisa ukushayela amaphoyisa, abezimo eziphuthumayo noma amanye amasevisi uma kunengozi. Kanti emabhizinisini, izingcingo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi baxhumane namakhasimende kanye nabanye abasebenzi ngokushesha.

== Izinkomba ==
Library of Congress. Invention of the Telephone: Topics in Chronicling America.

Library of Congress. Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers: Timeline 1870–1879.

Library of Congress. Telecommunications Industry: A Research Guide.v
[[Category:Luyithuluzi]]</text>
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Ucingo

'''Ucingo''' [[luyithuluzi]] elibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. Lusenza sikwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abasendaweni ekude ngaphandle kokuthi sihambe siye kubo. Namuhla ucingo seluthuthuke kakhulu, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini bengasasetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela, kodwa sebengasetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukungena ku-inthanethi nokwenza izingcingo zevidiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who is credited with inventing the telephone?|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/who-is-credited-with-inventing-the-telephone/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lwavela ngenxa yemizamo yabasunguli abahlukene ababefuna ukuthuthukisa indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo. U-Alexander Graham Bell wanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi locingo e-United States ngomhlaka 7 Mashi 1876. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngomhlaka 10 Mashi 1876, wenza ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo lapho inkulumo yezwi yadluliselwa ngocingo waya kumsizi wakhe uThomas Watson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Forrester|first=Rochelle|date=2020|title=Invention of the Telephone|url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3513276|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ucingo lwashintsha lwaba ithuluzi elincane nelisebenziseka kalula. Omakhalekhukhwini benza kube lula ukuthi abantu baxhumane noma kuphi lapho kunenethiwekhi. Abantu basebenzisa izingcingo emakhaya, ezikoleni, emsebenzini nasemabhizinisini. Ucingo lusiza abafundi ekufuneni ulwazi, ekuxhumaneni nothisha nasekusebenzisaneni nabanye abafundi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lauer |first=Josh |date=2023-03-20 |title=The telephone answering machine: Mediated presence and the participatory condition |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231159350 |journal=New Media &amp;amp; Society |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=6861–6880 |doi=10.1177/14614448231159350 |issn=1461-4448}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lubalulekile nasezimeni eziphuthumayo. Umuntu angalusebenzisa ukushayela amaphoyisa, abezimo eziphuthumayo noma amanye amasevisi uma kunengozi. Kanti emabhizinisini, izingcingo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi baxhumane namakhasimende kanye nabanye abasebenzi ngokushesha.

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Luyithuluzi]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>25451</id>
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      <comment>amasiko</comment>
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'''Isingeniso'''

Imidanso yesintu iyingxenye ebalulekile yesikole namagugu abantu.Idlulisa amasiko,imikhuba,umlando kanye nezinkolelo zesizwe isuka kwenye isizukulwane iye kwesinye.&lt;ref&gt;Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - Sport, Arts and Culture&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukugcina amasiko'''

Imidanso yesintu isiza ekugcineni amasiko abantu.Abantu abasha bafunda ngemikhuba namasiko abo ngokubamba iqhaza emidansweni yesintu.&lt;ref&gt;National Theatre and Dance Policy 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukudlulisa umlando'''

Imidanso ingasetshenziswa ukuxoxa nokukhumbuza abantu ngomlando wesizwe.Izingoma ,ukunyakaza kanye nezingubo ezitshenziswa emdansweni kungaba nolwazi mayelana nempilo yabantu bakudala.&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO - Emakhosi : The Valley of the Zulu Kings&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukuhlanganisa umphakathi'''

Imidanso yesintu inhlanganisa abantu emcimbini efana nemikhosi,imicimbi yomndeni kanye neminye imikhosi yamasiko.Lokhu kwakha ubunye nokubambisa emphakathini.&lt;ref&gt;Department of Sport, Arts and Culture - Mandate&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukufundisa intsha'''

Intsha ingafunda ukuhlonipha amasiko ayo kanye nabantu abadala ngokubamba iqhaza emidansweni yesintu.Lokhu kusiza ukuthi amasiko angaqedwa noma alibaleke.&lt;ref&gt;South African Government - Sport, Arts and Culture&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ukukhuthaza ukuzigqaja ngesiko'''

Ukudansa ngendlela yesintu kusiza abantu ukuba baziqaje ngemvelaphi namasiko abo.Kuphinde kukhuthaze ukuhlonipha amasiko ezinye izinhlanga.&lt;ref&gt;DSAC - Heritage Promotion and Preservation&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Isiphetho'''

Imidanso yesintu ibalulekile ngoba igcina amasiko,idlulisa umlando,ihlanganisa umphakathi futhi ifundisa intsha. Ngakho-ke,kubalulekile ukuthi imidanso yesintu iqhubeke ifundiswa futhi igcinwe ukuze amagugu amasiko adluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.&lt;ref&gt;Sports, Arts and Culture &lt;/ref&gt;

'''Izinkomba'''
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336185144|Politeness]]&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Politeness_-_Punch_cartoon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16619.png|thumb|Ukuzithiba Kwangoqiniso. ''&quot;Ingabe, ngicabanga, Sir?&quot;''
----I-cartoon kUmagazini i-punch: 28 July 1920]]
'''Ukuhlonipha''' wukusebenzisa izimilo ezinhle noma umthetho wokuziphatha ngendlela eyakhayo ukuze kungacasuli abanye futhi kubathuthukise. Kuyisenzakalo esichazwe ngokwesiko, ngakho-ke lokho okubhekwa njengokuhloniphekile kwesiko elilodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba okungahloniphekile noma nje okungavamile kwesinye [[Amasiko|isiko]] esingokwesiko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,nakuba  inhloso  ukuziphatha ngendlela ecasulayo ukuze ungacasuli abanye, nokwenza bonke abantu bazizwe bekhululeke futhi bekhululekile komunye nomunye, lezi zindinganiso ezichazwe ngokwesiko ngezinye izikhathi zingaphulwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomuntu siqu - lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuziphatha okuhle.
 
Izazi zezinto eziphathelene nabantu (ama -anthropologist) u- nabantu  UPenelope Brown UStephen Levinson bathola izinhlobo ezine zokuhlonipha, ezivela embonweni ka-U-Erving Goffman ubuso:</text>
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Kwandonga Ziyaduma

Leli [[idolobha]] elikhulu lapha eNingizimu Afrika elaziwa ngokuthi ise Goli,Isisho esiphelele sithi: ''&quot;Kwandonga ziyaduma, kanyama kayipheli, kuphela amazinyo endoda&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=4ka9asyoFvnc5NoP54atmQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leli gama lichaza indawo enomsindo omkhulu odongeni lwezimboni noma lwezithuthi kanye nendawo enokudla nengcebo eningi lapho abantu bephithizela khona befuna inhlanhla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Abantu kuleli dolobha bayaye beze ngoba bezozama impilo encono bethole iisebenzi noma bezofunda,leli idolobha elaziwa ngokucebakakhulu akekho umuntu oya khona maqede abuye elambatha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Indlovukazi Yezimvula</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372168170|Rain Queen]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Indlovukazi uModjadji''', noma '''Indlovukazi Yezimvula''', iyindlovukazi yefa laBalobedu, abantu baseSifundazweni saseLimpopo [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Rain Queen inamandla akhethekile, okubalwa ikhono lokulawula amafu nemvula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Davidson |first=Patricia |last2=Mahashe |first2=George |date=2012 |title=Visualizing the Realm of a Rain-Queen: The Production and Circulation of Eileen and Jack Krige's Lobedu Fieldwork Photographs from the 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41940661 |journal=Kronos |issue=38 |pages=47–81 |issn=0259-0190 |jstor=41940661}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaziwa njengomuntu oyimfihlakalo nomlando owaletha imvula kubangane bayo nesomiso ezitheni zayo. Ezikhathini zangaphambi kwamakoloni yabusa izwe, kodwa namuhla yakha umbuso ongenalo igunya lokubusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 October 2009|title=South African Balobedu People Crown 'Rain Queen'|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-04-11-7-south/393407.html|accessdate=2024-07-10|website=www.voanews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indlovukazi yamanje nguMasalanabo Modjadji VII, owakhuphukela kulesi sikhundla ngo-2023 ngemuva kokuphikisana isikhathi eside ngokulandelana nomuntu wesilisa.</text>
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'''Indlovukazi uModjadji''', noma '''Indlovukazi Yezimvula''', iyindlovukazi yefa laBalobedu, abantu baseSifundazweni saseLimpopo [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|eNingizimu Afrika]]. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Rain Queen inamandla akhethekile, okubalwa ikhono lokulawula amafu nemvula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Davidson |first=Patricia |last2=Mahashe |first2=George |date=2012 |title=Visualizing the Realm of a Rain-Queen: The Production and Circulation of Eileen and Jack Krige's Lobedu Fieldwork Photographs from the 1930s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41940661 |journal=Kronos |issue=38 |pages=47–81 |issn=0259-0190 |jstor=41940661}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaziwa njengomuntu oyimfihlakalo nomlando owaletha imvula kubangane bayo nesomiso ezitheni zayo. Ezikhathini zangaphambi kwamakoloni yabusa izwe, kodwa namuhla yakha umbuso ongenalo igunya lokubusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 October 2009|title=South African Balobedu People Crown 'Rain Queen'|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-04-11-7-south/393407.html|accessdate=2024-07-10|website=www.voanews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indlovukazi yamanje nguMasalanabo Modjadji VII, owakhuphukela kulesi sikhundla ngo-2023 ngemuva kokuphikisana isikhathi eside ngokulandelana nomuntu wesilisa.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Ama-Adidas</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377503457|Adidas]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Infobox company/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''I- Adidas AG''' [ˈadiˌdas]; ibizwa ngokuthi i-adidas kusukela ngo-1949) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The History of Adidas|url=http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=4465|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317011942/http://onthisdayinfashion.com/?p=4465|archive-date=17 March 2013|accessdate=16 October 2015|website=On This Day In Fashion}}&lt;/ref&gt; iy[[Umshumanqa|inkampani]] yaseJalimane ekhiqiza izimpahla zezemidlalo nezicathulo ezinondlunkulu ziseHerzogenaurach, eJalimane. Ingumkhiqizo wezimpahla zezemidlalo omkhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kweNike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 January 2008|title=Adidas, Deutsche Telekom, Infineon: German Equity Preview|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&amp;sid=ah3ZhaeNWMdM|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106120858/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&amp;sid=ah3ZhaeNWMdM|archive-date=6 November 2012|accessdate=31 May 2016|website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ranking of the largest sporting goods manufacturers worldwide in 2009, based on revenue|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/271302/the-largest-sportswear-manufacturers-worldwide-by-revenue/|website=Statista.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yinkampani ephethe iqembu le-Adidas, enesabelo esingu-8.33% eqenjini lebhola lezinyawo i-Bayern Munich, kanye nenkampani yezobuchwepheshe be-Runtastictrian. Imali engenayo ye-Adidas ka-2024 yaba ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23.&lt;ref name=&quot;FY2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adidas Annual Report 2023|url=https://res.cloudinary.com/confirmed-web/image/upload/v1742283416/adidas-group/investors/financial-publications/2024/Q4/adidas_annual_report_2024_EN_Final_secured_c8nukv.pdf|accessdate=2025-05-08|website=Adidas Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; I-Adidas yaziwa ngesithunzi somkhiqizo wayo, ngomlando wayo omude wokuhlanganyela ekuxhaseni abasubathi, kanye nokuhlinzeka nokuhlinzeka ngemishini nezimpahla zemidlalo ochungechungeni lweNdebe Yomhlaba ye-[[FIFA|I-FIFA]]. Lo mkhiqizo uphinde uqashelwe ngokusebenza okusha kwezicathulo zabo ezinamabhande ngaphakathi kwesiko lezemidlalo kanye ukuqina kwazo ngokugxila ezicathulweni zezemidlalo, izingubo, izikhwama, nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.

Le nkampani yasungulwa ngu-Adolf Dassler endlini kanina. Wajoyina umfowabo omdala uRudolf ngo-1924 ngaphansi kwegama elithi ''Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik'' (&quot;Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory&quot;). UDassler wasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezicathulo zokugijima ezazinezikhonkwane (ama-spikes) zensimbi ezisindayo. Ukuze athuthukise izinga lezicathulo zezemidlalo ezinama-spiked, ushintshe kusuka kumodeli wangaphambilini we-spike metal esindayo ekusebenziseni indwangu nenjoloba. UDassler wancenga umgijimi wase-US uJesse Owens ukuba asebenzise izikhokwane zakhe azenzele zona kuma-Olympics asehlobo ka-1936. Ngo-1949, ngemuva kokuwohloka kobudlelwano phakathi kwabafowabo, u-Adolf wasungula i-Adidas futhi uRudolf wasungula I-Puma, eyaba imbangi yebhizinisi lika-Adidas.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/history/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208215436/http://www.adidas-group.com/en/group/history/|archive-date=8 February 2015|accessdate=7 May 2014|website=Adidas Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imigqa emithathu iyizimpawu ze-Adidas, njengoba isetshenziswe ezembathweni nasezikhalweni zezicathulo zenkampani njengosizo lokuthengisa. Umkhiqizo, owawuthengwa yi-Adidas ngo-1952 enkampanini yezemidlalo yaseFinland i-Karhu Sports ngokulingana ne-€1,600 namabhodlela amabili e-whiskey, &lt;ref name=&quot;smit&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Smit |first=Barbara |year=2007 |title=Pitch Invasion, Adidas, Puma and the making of modern sport |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-102368-7 |page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ChadwickArthur2007-438&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Simon |year=2007 |title=International Cases in the Business of Sport |last2=Arthur |first2=Dave |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-0-7506-8543-6 |page=438 |name-list-style=amp}}&lt;/ref&gt; waphumelela kakhulu kangangokuba uDassler wachaza i-Adidas ngokuthi &quot;inkampani yemigqa emithathu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ChadwickArthur2007-438&quot; /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Shaka Zulu ilembe</title>
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      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
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'''Shaka Zulu(ILEMBE)''' 

Igama elithi [[Ushaka|uShaka]] ilembe lingasho izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma ngomlando noma ngomdlalo kamabonakude ISilo uShaka kaSenzangakhona (ILembeEmvalandweni weSizwe samaZulu, iLembe isithakazelo noma isibongo sokuhlonipha esiyisiphawulo senkosi edumile, uShaka kaSenzangakhona. Waziwa ngezibongo ezithi ''&quot;ILembe eleqa amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha&quot;.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=sVK9aszMMqjU5NoPnZLZmAc|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

UShaka eseyinkosi waziphindiselela kubobonke ababemhlupha nonina esemncane ngoba wabuyela koninalume wafike wajoja ababemhlukumeza eseyingane kanye nonina. Emva kwesikhathi esingangonyaka isizwe sakwaZulu sasesikhule ngamandla. Ngonyaka ka1817 emva kokubulawa kweNkosi uDingiswayo wakwaMthethwa ebulawa abakwaNdwandwe kwamcasula kakhulu lokho uShaka kodwa kolunye uhlangothi kwamnika amandla okuhlanganisa zonke izizwe zikhonze kwaZulu zonke kube uye [[Inkosi|iNkosi]] yamakhosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=kaZulu|first=Inkezo|date=2025-09-19|title=Ngubani uShaka Zulu kaSenzangakhona ?|url=https://inkezokazulu.co.za/ngubani-shaka-zulu-kasenzangakhona/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=INKEZO KAZULU NAMUHLA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Mobile Phones (51331598762) cropped.jpg|thumb|Ucingo]] Ucingo  '''Ucingo''' [[luyithuluzi]] elibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. Lusenza sikwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abasendaweni ekude ngaphandle kokuthi sihambe siye kubo. Namuhla ucingo seluthuthuke kakhulu, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini bengasasetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela, kodwa sebengasetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukungena ku-inthanethi nokwenza izingcingo zevidiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite w...&quot;</comment>
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Ucingo

'''Ucingo''' [[luyithuluzi]] elibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu. Lusenza sikwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abasendaweni ekude ngaphandle kokuthi sihambe siye kubo. Namuhla ucingo seluthuthuke kakhulu, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini bengasasetshenziselwa ukukhuluma kuphela, kodwa sebengasetshenziswa ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuthatha izithombe, ukungena ku-inthanethi nokwenza izingcingo zevidiyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who is credited with inventing the telephone?|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/who-is-credited-with-inventing-the-telephone/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lwavela ngenxa yemizamo yabasunguli abahlukene ababefuna ukuthuthukisa indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo. U-Alexander Graham Bell wanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi locingo e-United States ngomhlaka 7 Mashi 1876. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngomhlaka 10 Mashi 1876, wenza ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo lapho inkulumo yezwi yadluliselwa ngocingo waya kumsizi wakhe uThomas Watson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Forrester|first=Rochelle|date=2020|title=Invention of the Telephone|url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3513276|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=doi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ucingo lwashintsha lwaba ithuluzi elincane nelisebenziseka kalula. Omakhalekhukhwini benza kube lula ukuthi abantu baxhumane noma kuphi lapho kunenethiwekhi. Abantu basebenzisa izingcingo emakhaya, ezikoleni, emsebenzini nasemabhizinisini. Ucingo lusiza abafundi ekufuneni ulwazi, ekuxhumaneni nothisha nasekusebenzisaneni nabanye abafundi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lauer |first=Josh |date=2023-03-20 |title=The telephone answering machine: Mediated presence and the participatory condition |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448231159350 |journal=New Media &amp;amp; Society |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=6861–6880 |doi=10.1177/14614448231159350 |issn=1461-4448}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucingo lubalulekile nasezimeni eziphuthumayo. Umuntu angalusebenzisa ukushayela amaphoyisa, abezimo eziphuthumayo noma amanye amasevisi uma kunengozi. Kanti emabhizinisini, izingcingo zisiza abasebenzi ukuthi baxhumane namakhasimende kanye nabanye abasebenzi ngokushesha.

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Luyithuluzi]]</text>
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      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
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'''Siya Kolisi'''

USiya Kolisi ogama lakhe langempela uSiyamthanda Kolisi ungomunye wabadlali bebhola lombhoxo abadume kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ungukaputeni weqembu lesizwe laseNingizimu Afrika, amaSpringboks. Wazalelwa eZwide, eGqeberha ngomhlaka-16 Juni kunyaka ka 1991. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=0Vq9arCoFsvCp84PlcvQ4QM|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sekuze kunencwadi okuthiwa  I-ebook &quot;Siya Kolisi: Isihlabani Sombhoxo neQhawe&quot; iklanyelwe abafundi abasaqala ukufunda kuSigaba Esiyisisekelo (FP). Inikeza insiza enhle kakhulu yokugubha impumelelo emangalisayo yomunye wokaputeni bombhoxo wamaBhokobhoko abadume kakhulu. Le ebook yethulwa ngefomethi esebenziseka kalula, okulula ukuyisebenzisa, okuyenza ijabulisa kakhulu kubafundi abancane. Ngokuqukethwe okukhangayo nokuxoxa izindaba ezihehayo, le ncwadi ayigcini nje ngokuwethula abafundi ohambweni olukhuthazayo lukaSiya Kolisi kodwa futhi ikhuthaza uthando lokufunda kusenesikhathi kanye nokwazisa amagugu obuholi nokuzimisela.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.twinkl.co.za/resource/siya-kolisi-isihlabani-sombhoxo-neqhawe-i-ebook-za-hl-1698286127|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.twinkl.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI
[[Category:Umbhoxo]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izandla&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1492" sha1="2rapod2qk5qrkunvqwhgi298bj5f9rj" xml:space="preserve">Izandla

'''Izandla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zitholakala ekugcineni kwezingalo futhi zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi empilweni yansuku zonke. Izandla zineminwe emihlanu, okuyisithupha? Cha, iminwe emihlanu esiza umuntu ukubamba, ukuthinta, ukubhala nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Izandla zibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasekhaya. Umuntu uzisebenzisa lapho epheka, ehlanza indlu, ewasha izingubo futhi ephethe izinto ezahlukene. Abafundi basebenzisa izandla ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuphenya amakhasi ezincwadi nokusebenzisa amakhompyutha. Abasebenzi nabo bazisebenzisa emisebenzini efana nokwakha, ukuthunga, ukulima nokulungisa izinto.

Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebenzi, izandla zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu. Umuntu angasebenzisa isandla ukubingelela, ukukhomba into noma ukuveza imizwa. Esikweni lamaZulu, ukubingelela nokukhombisa inhlonipho ngezandla kungaba yingxenye yokuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwabantu.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela izandla ukuze zihlale ziphilile. Kufanele sizigeze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Kufanele futhi sigweme ukuzilimaza futhi sisebenzise izinto zokuzivikela lapho senza imisebenzi eyingozi.

== Izinkomba ==
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hand: human anatomy.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). Hand and wrist.

World Health Organization (WHO). Hand hygiene.

Cleveland Clinic. Hand Anatomy.</text>
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      <text bytes="1551" sha1="gb20nm9cymbewk67sk8dhqaydgt949g" xml:space="preserve">Izandla
[[File:Hands with Fingers Outstretched.png|thumb|izandla]]

'''Izandla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zitholakala ekugcineni kwezingalo futhi zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi empilweni yansuku zonke. Izandla zineminwe emihlanu, okuyisithupha? Cha, iminwe emihlanu esiza umuntu ukubamba, ukuthinta, ukubhala nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Izandla zibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasekhaya. Umuntu uzisebenzisa lapho epheka, ehlanza indlu, ewasha izingubo futhi ephethe izinto ezahlukene. Abafundi basebenzisa izandla ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuphenya amakhasi ezincwadi nokusebenzisa amakhompyutha. Abasebenzi nabo bazisebenzisa emisebenzini efana nokwakha, ukuthunga, ukulima nokulungisa izinto.

Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebenzi, izandla zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu. Umuntu angasebenzisa isandla ukubingelela, ukukhomba into noma ukuveza imizwa. Esikweni lamaZulu, ukubingelela nokukhombisa inhlonipho ngezandla kungaba yingxenye yokuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwabantu.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela izandla ukuze zihlale ziphilile. Kufanele sizigeze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Kufanele futhi sigweme ukuzilimaza futhi sisebenzise izinto zokuzivikela lapho senza imisebenzi eyingozi.

== Izinkomba ==
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Hand: human anatomy.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). Hand and wrist.

World Health Organization (WHO). Hand hygiene.

Cleveland Clinic. Hand Anatomy.</text>
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[[File:Hands with Fingers Outstretched.png|thumb|izandla]]

'''Izandla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zitholakala ekugcineni kwezingalo futhi zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi empilweni yansuku zonke. Izandla zineminwe emihlanu, okuyisithupha? Cha, iminwe emihlanu esiza umuntu ukubamba, ukuthinta, ukubhala nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-21|title=Hand {{!}} Definition, Anatomy, Bones, Diagram, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/hand-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izandla zibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasekhaya. Umuntu uzisebenzisa lapho epheka, ehlanza indlu, ewasha izingubo futhi ephethe izinto ezahlukene. Abafundi basebenzisa izandla ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuphenya amakhasi ezincwadi nokusebenzisa amakhompyutha. Abasebenzi nabo bazisebenzisa emisebenzini efana nokwakha, ukuthunga, ukulima nokulungisa izinto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-21|title=Hand {{!}} Definition, Anatomy, Bones, Diagram, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/hand-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebenzi, izandla zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu. Umuntu angasebenzisa isandla ukubingelela, ukukhomba into noma ukuveza imizwa. Esikweni lamaZulu, ukubingelela nokukhombisa inhlonipho ngezandla kungaba yingxenye yokuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwabantu.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela izandla ukuze zihlale ziphilile. Kufanele sizigeze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.Kufanele futhi sigweme ukuzilimaza futhi sisebenzise izinto zokuzivikela lapho senza imisebenzi eyingozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hand hygiene|url=https://www.who.int/teams/integrated-health-services/infection-prevention-control/hand-hygiene|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>ukunciphisa ubuphofu</comment>
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      <text bytes="6331" sha1="jiagvgfj6t3e9pch63nbk8y5o2yxhh4" xml:space="preserve">Absolutely. I’ve checked current sources, including Statistics South Africa and the World Bank, so the article below uses verifiable information rather than simply translating the English Wikipedia article. Stats SA’s latest poverty report covers 2006–2023 and was published in December 2025. (Statistics South Africa)

Here is a '''Wikipedia-style isiZulu version''' that you can use to improve the existing ''Ubumpofu'' article:

= Ubumpofu =
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)</text>
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= Ubumpofu =
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)</text>
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= Ubumpofu =
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.
[[File:Hunger awareness.jpg|thumb|isithombe somntwana obukeka eswele okuyimbangela yobumpofu]]
Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)</text>
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== Ubumpofu ==
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.
[[File:Hunger awareness.jpg|thumb|isithombe somntwana obukeka eswele okuyimbangela yobumpofu]]
Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)</text>
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== Ubumpofu ==
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.
[[File:Hunger awareness.jpg|thumb|isithombe somntwana obukeka eswele okuyimbangela yobumpofu]]
Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-poverty-overview-characteristics-examples.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=study.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)

&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added references</comment>
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== Ubumpofu ==
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.
[[File:Hunger awareness.jpg|thumb|isithombe somntwana obukeka eswele okuyimbangela yobumpofu]]
Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-poverty-overview-characteristics-examples.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=study.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)

&lt;references /&gt;

== IMITHOMBO ==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:24:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added references</comment>
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== Ubumpofu ==
'''Ubumpofu''' yisimo lapho umuntu, umndeni noma umphakathi ungenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Lezi zidingo zingabandakanya ukudla, amanzi, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ubumpofu bungalinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imali engenayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.
[[File:Hunger awareness.jpg|thumb|isithombe somntwana obukeka eswele okuyimbangela yobumpofu]]
Ubumpofu abugcini ngokuntuleka kwemali kuphela. Kwezinye izindlela zokubulinganisa, kubhekwa nezimo ezifana nokufinyelela emfundweni, ezempilo, amanzi, ugesi, indawo yokuhlala kanye namathuba omsebenzi.

== Izinhlobo zobumpofu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-poverty-overview-characteristics-examples.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=study.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Ubumpofu bungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

=== Ubumpofu obuphelele ===
Ubumpofu obuphelele bubhekisela esimweni lapho umuntu engenazo izinsiza ezanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuphila. Ukulinganiswa kwabo kuvame ukusebenzisa umkhawulo othile wemali noma wezinsiza.

=== Ubumpofu obuhlobene ===
Ubumpofu obuhlobene buqhathanisa izinga lezinsiza umuntu noma umndeni onazo nezinga lezinsiza ezitholakala emphakathini othile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu angabhekwa njengompofu uma izinsiza zakhe ziphansi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga elijwayelekile lomphakathi.

=== Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi ===
Ubumpofu obunezici eziningi abubheki imali kuphela. Bungabheka izinto eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuphila, njengemfundo, ezempilo, izindlu, amanzi, ugesi kanye nezinye izinsiza.

== Izimbangela zobumpofu ==
Ziningi izici ezingabangela noma zandise ubumpofu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukungasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi, amazinga aphansi emfundo, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nokungatholakali kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Ukungasebenzi kunganciphisa imali etholwa yimindeni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo. Imfundo nayo ihlobene namathuba omsebenzi, njengoba abantu abanamakhono adingekayo emnothweni bengase babe namathuba ahlukene okuthola umsebenzi.

Ezinye izici, ezifana nezinguquko zomnotho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izifo kanye nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile, zingaphinde zithinte imali engenayo kanye nezimo zokuphila.

== Ubumpofu eNingizimu Afrika ==
Ubumpofu buyindaba ebalulekile kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho eNingizimu Afrika. IStatistics South Africa (Stats SA) isebenzisa imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ukukala ubumpofu obusekelwe emalini nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali.

Ngokombiko we-Stats SA we-''Poverty Trends in South Africa'', ngo-2023 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-23,2, okungu-37,9% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi kwe-'''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)'''. Leli nani lehla lisuka ku-57,5% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

Ngaphansi kwe-'''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''', abantu abangaba izigidi eziyi-10,8, noma u-17,6% wabantu, babephila ngaphansi komkhawulo wokudla ngo-2023. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi leli nani lehla lisuka ku-27,4% ngo-2006. (Statistics South Africa)

I-'''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' yayikhombisa ukuthi u-66,7% wabantu babephila ngaphansi kwalowo mkhawulo ngo-2023. Lezi zilinganiso zikhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokulinganisa ubumpofu iyahluka kuye ngomugqa wobumpofu osetshenziswayo. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu ==
INingizimu Afrika isebenzisa imigqa emithathu kazwelonke yobumpofu:

* '''Food Poverty Line (FPL)''' – umkhawulo osetshenziswa ukukala abantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izidingo zokudla ezichazwe ngendlela esetshenziswa yi-Stats SA.
* '''Lower-Bound Poverty Line (LBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izindleko zokudla kanye nengxenye yezidingo ezingezona ezokudla.
* '''Upper-Bound Poverty Line (UBPL)''' – ihlanganisa izidingo zokudla nezingezona ezokudla ngezinga elibanzi.

Imigqa yobumpofu iyalungiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko ezindlekweni zokuphila. I-Stats SA isebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-cost-of-basic-needs approach ekwakheni imigqa kazwelonke yobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Imiphumela yobumpofu ==
Ubumpofu bungaba nemiphumela eminingi empilweni yabantu. Abantu abahola imali encane bangase babe nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okwanele, izindlu ezifanele, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemfundo.

Ubumpofu bungathinta kakhulu izingane, ngoba izimo zomndeni zingaba nomthelela ekutheni zithole kangakanani ukudla, imfundo kanye nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwazo.

Ubumpofu bungaphinde buhlobane nokungalingani kwezomnotho. INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinga eliphezulu lokungalingani kwemali engenayo, kanti ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo ekwehliseni ubumpofu. I-World Bank ibika ukuthi ukungalingani kusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. (World Bank)

== Ukulinganiswa kobumpofu ==
Ukulinganisa ubumpofu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekayo nokuthi izimo zabo zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Stats SA isebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe emalini kanye nezinye izindlela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila. Umphumela ungahluka kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo noma indlela yokulinganisa.

Isibonelo, ngo-2023 izinga lobumpofu eNingizimu Afrika lalingu-37,9% lapho kusetshenziswa i-LBPL, kodwa lingu-17,6% lapho kusetshenziswa i-FPL. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi akukho nani elilodwa elingachaza zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu. (Statistics South Africa)

== Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ==
Ukunciphisa ubumpofu kungahlanganisa izindlela eziningi, ezinjengokwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, nokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umphakathi, izibonelelo zomphakathi kanye nezinye izindlela zokweseka imindeni engenayo ephansi zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bezomnotho. I-World Bank ike yabika ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi, ezempilo, imfundo kanye nezibonelelo zingaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ubumpofu nokungalingani. (World Bank)

&lt;references /&gt;

== IMITHOMBO ==
Mwansa, G., Ngandu, M. R. &amp; Mkwambi, Z. (2025). ''Bridging the digital divide: exploring the challenges and solutions for digital exclusion in rural South Africa''. Discover Global Society.

''Exploring digital transforming challenges in rural areas of South Africa through a systematic review of empirical studies'' (2022). ScienceDirect.

South African Government. ''BrainSAT and Thuraya Services launch'' (2026).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umkhosi womhlanga wakwa zulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T19:23:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ikasi elisha</comment>
      <origin>130615</origin>
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      <text bytes="1990" sha1="2a7xoujhclm1amr4tfmg1ix8h9ku98x" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Eswatini Reed Dance 2006 -01.jpg|thumb|Umkhosi womhlanga]]
'''Umkhosi womhlanga wakwaZulu'''

Umkhosi  womhlanga  ngeminye  yemikhosi  emidala  eyayibungazwa  ngabantu&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Programme|first=Ulwazi|date=2017-02-21|title=Umkhosi womhlanga - Ukuhlolwa kwezintombi|url=https://www.ulwaziprogramme.org/umkhosi-womhlanga/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=The Ulwazi Programme|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

abangama-Africa abamnyama. Usuka kude lapha abantu abamnyama besahlangeni&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; details=&quot;cite&quot; /&gt;

enkabeni ye-Afrika, endaweni namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuthi ise- Replublic of Congo.

Labo  abafudukela  eSouthern  Afrika,  kamuva  abaziwa  ngokuthi  AmaNguni,

baqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga.  Isizwe  zamaZulu  esiyingxenye&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; details=&quot;ayikho&quot; /&gt;

yamaNguni,  saqhubeka  nokugubha  umkhosi  womhlanga  kuzekufike  isikhathi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

sokubusa  kweNkosi  uSolomon  kaDiniZulu  ngonyaka  ka-1930.  Ngemuva  kwaleso&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

sikhathi  lancipha  isasa  lokugunjwa  kwalomkhosi.  Ngonyaka  ka-1950  kwama&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

ukugujwa kwalomkhosi. Ukwanda kwenkolo wobukrestu namasiko asentshonalanga&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

kubantu  abamnyama  kwabanomthelela  okumeni  komkhosi  womhlanga.  Inkosi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

uZwelithini ubuyise lomkhosi ngonyaka ka1990.

Okwenzeka emkhosini womhlanga

Umkhosi  womhlanga,  umkhosi  ohanjelwa  izinkulungwane  zezintombi  nto.  Intombi&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

ngayinye  iphatha  umhlanga  uyowubeka  eNkosini.  Ngaphambi  kokuhanjiswa&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

kwemhlanga, Izintombi emvunilweni yazo siqala ngokuthi sihube amaculo nokusina&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

phambi  kweNkosi.  Sisuke  siveza  ubuhle  bazo,  ubumsulwa,  ubuntombi  nto  kanye&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

nempilo.  Izintombi  nto  eziba  Ingxenye  yomkhosi.  Abanye  bangaba  izethameli,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Amakhosi,  izinduna,  amaqhikiza  njll.  Emkhosini  womhlanga  kugqama  ukucula,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

ukusina njll.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Izandla</title>
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      <id>130619</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izandla [[File:Hands with Fingers Outstretched.png|thumb|izandla]]  '''Izandla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zitholakala ekugcineni kwezingalo futhi zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi empilweni yansuku zonke. Izandla zineminwe emihlanu, okuyisithupha? Cha, iminwe emihlanu esiza umuntu ukubamba, ukuthinta, ukubhala nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-21|title=Hand {{!}} Definition, Anatomy, Bones, Diagram, &amp; Facts {...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1983" sha1="py9qjxsfobkx0n6gov842ti7dt7vz2d" xml:space="preserve">Izandla
[[File:Hands with Fingers Outstretched.png|thumb|izandla]]

'''Izandla''' ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Zitholakala ekugcineni kwezingalo futhi zisetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi empilweni yansuku zonke. Izandla zineminwe emihlanu, okuyisithupha? Cha, iminwe emihlanu esiza umuntu ukubamba, ukuthinta, ukubhala nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-21|title=Hand {{!}} Definition, Anatomy, Bones, Diagram, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/hand-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izandla zibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi yasekhaya. Umuntu uzisebenzisa lapho epheka, ehlanza indlu, ewasha izingubo futhi ephethe izinto ezahlukene. Abafundi basebenzisa izandla ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuphenya amakhasi ezincwadi nokusebenzisa amakhompyutha. Abasebenzi nabo bazisebenzisa emisebenzini efana nokwakha, ukuthunga, ukulima nokulungisa izinto.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-08-21|title=Hand {{!}} Definition, Anatomy, Bones, Diagram, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/hand-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebenzi, izandla zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nabanye abantu. Umuntu angasebenzisa isandla ukubingelela, ukukhomba into noma ukuveza imizwa. Esikweni lamaZulu, ukubingelela nokukhombisa inhlonipho ngezandla kungaba yingxenye yokuxhumana okuhle phakathi kwabantu.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela izandla ukuze zihlale ziphilile. Kufanele sizigeze njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile nensipho, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.Kufanele futhi sigweme ukuzilimaza futhi sisebenzise izinto zokuzivikela lapho senza imisebenzi eyingozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hand hygiene|url=https://www.who.int/teams/integrated-health-services/infection-prevention-control/hand-hygiene|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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    <title>Impilo yansuku zonke</title>
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{{Main|Leisure}}{{Portal|Society}}
[[File:Lafd_Eating_Breakfast_At_Philippe_S_(84224401).jpeg|thumb|Isithombe samadoda amane adla [[Ukudla Kwasekuseni|ukudla kwasekuseni]].]]
impilo yansuku zonke ingachazwa ngendlela abantu abavame ngayo ukwenza, bacabange futhi bezwe  ngayo nsuku zonke.

Iningi labantu lidla ukudla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku. Isikhathi somsebenzi sivamise ukuba ne shejuliyansuku zonke eqala ekuseni kanye Isikhathi sokushayela esigxile kubasakazi bomsakazo. 

Ngaphandle kwalokhu kufana okubanzi, izindlela zokuphila ziyahlukahluka futhi abantu abahlukene bachitha izinsuku zabo ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphila kokuzulazula kuhlukile ekuzinzeni, futhi phakathi kwabantu abazinzile, abantu basemadolobheni baphila ngendlela ehlukile kubantu basemaphandleni. Umehluko ekuphileni kwabacebile nabampofu, noma phakathi kwezisebenzi [[Isilumuki|izihlakaniphi]], ungaphezu kwehora labo lokusebenza. Izingane nabantu abadala nabo bayahlukahluka kulokho abakwenzayo [[usuku]] ngalunye.

== Imibono Yezenhlalo ==
[[File:The_Psychopathology_of_Everyday_Life.jpg|thumb|''I-Psychopathology Yokuphila Kansuku Zonke'']]
Ukuphila kwansuku zonke kuwumqondo oyinhloko ezifundweni zamasiko futhi kuyisifundo esikhethekile emkhakheni wezenhlalo. Abanye baphikisana ngokuthi, beshukunyiswa imiphumela eyonakalisayo [[Ubuhlohlesakhe|isimiso sokuhweba ngokukhululekile]] nemisebenzi izimboni ekuphileni komuntu nasekuqondeni, abalobi nabadwebi bekhulu le-19 baphendukela kakhulu ekuzicabangeni kanye nokuvezwa kokuphila kwansuku zonke okumelelwe emibhalweni yabo nasobuciko ngezinga eliphawulekayo kunasemsebenzini odlule, ngokwesibonelo isithakazelo sezincwadi zeRenaissance ku-hagiography nakwezombusazwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;felski&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |page=15–31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinye izazi zemfundiso zempikiswano ziphikisana nalokhu okusekelwe emlandweni omude wemibhalo ephathelene nokuphila kwansuku zonke okungabonakala ezincwadini zaseGrisi yasendulo, UbuKristu Bangenkathi Ephakathi kanye Inkathi Yokukhanyiselwa.

Ekufundeni ukuphila kwansuku zonke, [[ubulili]] buye baba yisici esibalulekile emibonweni yayo. Ezinye izazi zemfundiso zibheka abesifazane njengabameleli abavelele kanye nezisulu zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Umqondo wokuphila kwansuku zonke uvame ukuba mubi, futhi uhlukaniswe ngokucacile nezikhathi ezingavamile ngokuntuleka kokuhlukanisa nokuhlukanisa. Ekugcineni lokhu kuchazwa njengokuqhubekayo okubalulekile, okuthathwe ngokufanelekile komsebenzi wezwe ochaza ukuhlasela okuhlangenwe nakho okuyImfihlakalo. Kuy[[Ingempela|iqiniso]] elingenakuphikiswa elikhona phakathi kwawo wonke amaqembu omphakathi ngaphandle kokubandlululwa futhi kuyisisekelo esingenakugwenywa lapho yonke imizamo yabantu ikhona.&lt;ref name=&quot;felski&quot; /&gt;

Okuningi kokuphila kwansuku zonke kuzenzakalela ngoba kushukunyiswa izici zendawo ezungezile zamanje njengoba kuhlanganiswa ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo kwalezo zici, futhi ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukulamula ngokukhetha okuqaphile, ngokusho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezenhlalo UJohn A. Bargh. Ukuphila kwansuku zonke nakho kuhlolwa izazi zezenhlalo ukuhlola ukuthi kuhlelwe kanjani futhi kunikezwe incazelo. Iphephabhuku lezenhlalo elibizwa ngokuthi ''I-Journal of Mundane Behavior'', elanyatheliswa kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2004, lahlolisisa lezi zenzo zansuku zonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Introduction: From the Profane to the Mundane|date=2021-12-31|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814743997.003.0004|work=At Home with Pornography|pages=1–31|publisher=New York University Press|doi=10.18574/nyu/9780814743997.003.0004|isbn=9780814743997|access-date=2022-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuzilibazisa ==
 
ukuzijabulisa kwansuku zonke kwake kwaba ngokuyinhloko ukulandisa izindaba kusihlwa. Leli isiko lakhula laba yinkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseGrisi yasendulo kanye neminye imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa yobungcweti. Ukufunda kamuva akuzange kube yinto eyimfihlakalo izazi, futhi kwaba yinjabulo evamile kubantu ababengakwazi ukuthenga izincwadi. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 Imithombo yezindaba yasakazeka emazweni acebile, okwenza phakathi kwezinye izinto kube nesikhathi esiphambili sansuku zonke sokudla izindaba eziqanjiwe neminye imisebenzi ekhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithombo yezindaba zisebenza ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu abahlukene - okunikeza abantu amathuba okwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemithombo yezemidlalo - ukubuka [[UMabonakude|ithelevishini]], ukusebenzisa i-[[Uxhakaxholo|Intanethi]], ukulalela [[umsakazo]], noma ukufunda amaphephandaba noma omagazini - okuphumelela kakhulu ukubasiza ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yabo. Abantu abaningi baye bakhulisa kancane kancane ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwansuku zonke kwe-Intanethi, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zemithombo yezindaba.

== Ulimi ==
Ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu kwakhiwa ngolimi [[ukuxhumana]]. Bakhetha ukuthi benzani ngesikhathi sabo ngokusekelwe emibonweni nasemibonweni eyakhiwe ngenkulumo ababhekene nayo. Iningi lezingxoxo abantu ababhekana nazo livela emithonjeni yezindaba, okuyisici esibalulekile kulokho okulawula Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Imithombo yezindaba isebenzisa [[Izilimi|ulimi]] ukwenza umthelela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke komuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane njengokusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kufanele adle kuphi noma kukhulu njengokukhetha ummeleli kuhulumeni.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke, uPhaedra Pezzullo, uprofesa eMnyangweni Wezokuxhumana Namasiko e-I-Indiana University Bloomington, uthi abantu kufanele bafune ukuqonda inkulumo evame ukushintsha ukuphila kwabo ngokungabonakali. Ubhala ukuthi &quot;...ukukhuluma kusenza sikwazi ukwenza ukuxhumana... Kuqondene nokuqonda ukuthi sihlangana kanjani nomhlaba&quot;.

== Imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke ==
''Imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke'' (ADL) igama elisetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ukubhekisela emisebenzini Ukuzinakekela yansuku zonke endaweni yokuhlala yomuntu, ezindaweni zangaphandle, noma kokubili. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bavame ukubhekisela ekhonweni noma ekwehlulekeni ukwenza ama-ADL njengendlela yokulinganisa isimo sokusebenza somuntu, ikakhulukazi maqondana nabantu abakhubazekile nabadala. Ama-ADL achazwa ngokuthi &quot;izinto esivame ukuzenza...njengokudla, ukuguga, ukugqoka, ukuhlanza, ukusebenza, ukwenza ekhaya, nokuzilibazisa&quot;. ikhono kanye nezinga abantu asebekhulile abangenza ngalo le misebenzi kugxile kuyi-gerontology nokuqonda kokuphila kamuva.

== Bheka futhi ==
 

== Ukufunda okwengeziwe ==

* USigmund Freud (1901), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, [http://www.answers.com/topic/psychopathology-of-everyday-life-the]
* UHenri Lefebvre (1947), Umcusumbuli Wokuphila Kwansuku Zonke''Ukugxekwa Kokuphila Kansuku Zonke''
* URaoul Vaneigem (1967), ''Inguquko Yokuphila Kansuku Zonke''
* U-Ágnes Heller (1970), ''Ukuphila Kansuku Zonke''. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-9701-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-7100-9701-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]{{ISBN|978-0-7100-9701-9}}&amp;nbsp;
* UJack D. Douglas (ed.), ''Ukuqonda Ukuphila Kansuku Zonke'' (Chicago, 1970) 
* Richard Gombin, 'Ukugxekwa kokuphila kwansuku zonke,&quot; in: ''Imvelaphi ye-leftism'' (Paris, 1971) 
* UMichel de Certeau (1974), ''Umkhuba Wokuphila Kansuku Zonke''
* Shotter, John (1993), ''Ezombusazwe zamasiko zokuphila kwansuku zonke: Ukwakhiwa Kwezenhlalo, inkulumo nolwazi lwezinhlobo ezintathu.''
* I-Everyday Life Reader (2001) ihlelwe nguBen Highmore. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-415-23025-X|&lt;bdi&gt;0-415-23025-X&lt;/bdi&gt;]]{{ISBN|0-415-23025-X}}&amp;nbsp;
* U-Erving Goffman (2002), Ukuvezwa Komuntu Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke, ku-CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MzGV9A5qLzgC&amp;q=everyday+life&amp;pg=PA51]
* [[Kristine Hughes|UKristine Hughes]], The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Regency and Victorian England from 1811-1901  Archived 2014-02-09 at the Wayback Machine[https://www.scribd.com/doc/33352487/The-Writer-s-Guide-to-Everyday-Life-in-Regency-and-Victorian-England-Kristine-Hughes]
* [[Candy Moulton|UCandy Moulton]], Ukuphila Kwansuku Zonke Phakathi KwamaNdiya AseMelika 1800 kuya ku-1900. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-89879-996-1|&lt;bdi&gt;0-89879-996-1&lt;/bdi&gt;]]  {{ISBN|0-89879-996-1}}&amp;nbsp;{{ISBN|1582974713}}</text>
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[[File:Diamant_gisements.jpg|thumb|Amazwe ayinhloko akhiqiza idayimane (ngesiFulentshi) ]]
'''Idayimane''' liyisimo samaminerali sekhaboni lapho ama-athomu alo ahlelwe ngesakhiwo se-crystal esibizwa ngokuthi i-diamond cubic. Idayimane alinawo umbala, alinaphunga, liqinile, eqinile ephukile, aliwuhambisi kahle ugesi, alinambala esimweni salo esimsulwa, futhi engenakuncibilika emanzini. Olunye uhlobo oluqinile lwe-carbon olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-graphite uhlobo olusimeme lwamakhemikhali lwe-carbon ekamelweni lokushisa nomfutho, kodwa idayimane lihlala lizinzile futhi liguqukela kulo ngesilinganiso esincane ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Idayimane linokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuhamba kokushisa kunoma iyiphi into engokwemvelo, izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinkulu njengokusika nokupholisha.</text>
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|-
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Brand|Umkhiqizo]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data brand&quot; |[[Apple Inc.|I-apula]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[List of mobile phone brands by country|Abakhiqizi]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data brand&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* I-Foxconn (ngesivumelwano) 
* I-Pegatron&lt;ref name=&quot;Manufacturers&quot; /&gt; (ngesivumelwano) 
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Uhlobo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[UMakhalipha|I-smartphone]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Isizukulwane
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |11th
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukukhululwa kokuqala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |November 3, 2017&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Eminyakeni engu-8 edlule&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;2017-11-03&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukutholakala kwezifunda
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;NgoNovemba 3, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[I-Andora|I-Andorra]]
* [[I-Ostreliya|I-Australia]]
* [[I-Ostriya|I-Austria]]
* IBahrain
* [[Belgium|IBelgium]]
* [[IBulgariya|IBulgaria]]
* [[IKhanada|ICanada]]
* [[IShayina|IChina]]
* [[IKrowati|ICroatia]]
* IKhupro
* [[ITsheki|ICzech Republic]]
* [[IDenimaki|IDenmark]]
* [[I-Estoniya|I-Estonia]]
* [[IFinlandi|IFinland]]
* [[IFulansi|IFrance]]
* [[IJalimani|IJalimane]]
* [[IGreki|IGreece]]
* IGreenland
* IGuernsey
* [[Hong Kong|I-Hong Kong]]
* [[IHungariya|I-Hungary]]
* [[I-Ayisilandi|I-Iceland]]
* [[India|INdiya]]
* [[I-Ayilendi|I-Ireland]]
* Isiqhingi saseMan
* [[ITaliya|I-Italy]]
* [[IJaphani|IJapane]]
* IJersey
* IKuwait
* [[ILatviya|ILatvia]]
* ILchtenstein
* [[ILithuwaniya|ILithuania]]
* ILuxembourg
* [[IMalta]]
* [[IMekisiko|IMexico]]
* IMonaco
* [[IMorokho|IMorocco]]
* [[Netherlands|INetherlands]]
* [[INyuzilandi|INew Zealand]]
* [[INoki|ENorway]]
* [[IPolandi|IPoland]]
* [[IPhothugali|I-Portugal]]
* I-Qatar
* [[IRomaniya|IRomania]]
* [[IRashiya|IRussia]]
* [[USanti Marino|ISan Marino]]
* ISaudi Arabia
* ISingapore
* [[ISlovaki|ISlovakia]]
* [[ISloveniya|ISlovenia]]
* [[ISpeyini|ISpain]]
* [[ISwidi|ISweden]]
* ISwitzerland
* ITaiwan
* I-United Arab Emirates
* [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|I-United Kingdom]]
* [[IMelika|I-United States]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;NgoNovemba 10, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[Isirayeli|U-Israyeli]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;NgoNovemba 24, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[I-Albaniya|I-Albania]]
* [[IBhosniya neHerzegovina|IBosnia-Herzegovina]]
* ICambodia
* I-Macau
* [[INyakatho Masedoniya|IMacedonia]]
* [[IMalaysia]]
* [[IMontenegro]]
* [[INigeria]]
* [[ISerbiya|ISerbia]]
* [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|INingizimu Afrika]]
* INingizimu Korea
* [[IThailande|IThailand]]
* [[ITheki|I-Turkey]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ngo-December 1, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* I-Armenia
* [[Azerbaijan|I-Azerbaijan]]
* [[IKolombiya|IColombia]]
* IGeorgia
* IPhilippines
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ngo-December 7, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[Bangladesh|IBangladesh]]
* [[ITshile|IChile]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ngo-December 8, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[IBrazili|IBrazil]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ngo-December 22, 2017&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* [[I-Indonesia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ayisekho
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |September 12, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;; Eminyakeni engu-7 edlule&amp;#x20;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;dtend&quot;&gt;2018-09-12&lt;/span&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Umanduleli
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-iPhone 8 ne-8 Plus
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Umlandeli
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-iPhone XS ne-XS Max
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Inethiwekhi ehambisanayo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-GSM, I-CDMA2000, i-3G, I-EV-DO, I-HSPA+, I-LTE, i-LTED AdvancedI-LTE Ephakeme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Isici sokwakheka
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-Slate
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ubukhulu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |H: 143.6 mm (5.65 in) W: 70.9 mm (2.79 in) D: 7.7 mm (0.30 in) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Isisindo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |174.1 g (6.14 oz) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Isimiso sokusebenza
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Original: I-iOS 11: iOS 16.7.14, yakhishwa ngoFebhuwari 2, 2026&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Isimiso se-chip
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-Apple A11 Bionic
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Isidludlungi esimqoka|I-CPU]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-hexa-core 64-bit (2x amandla aphakeme ama-Monson core ku-2.39 GHz + 4x amandla aphansi ama-Mistral core ku-1.42 GHz) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |I-GPU
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-Apple-designed 3 core, kuze kufike ku-409 GFLOPS
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Imodeli
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Imodeli A1865/1902: I-Qualcomm MDM9655 I-Snapdragon X16 LTE Imodeli I-A1901: I-Intel XMM 7480&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Inkumbulo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3 GB I-LPDDR4X&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukugcinwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |64 noma 256 GB I-NVMe&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ibhethri
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |3.81 V &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10.35 W·h&lt;/span&gt; (2,716 mA·h) Li-ion&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ikhamera yangemuva
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-12 MP ene-i-lens enezici eziyisithupha, i-quad-LED &quot;True Tone&quot; flash nge-Slow Sync, i-autofocus, isisefo se-IR, indlela yokuqhuma, i-f/1.8 aperture, ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo ye-4K ku-24, 30, noma i-60 fps noma i-1080p ku-30 noma i-60 Fps, i-s ye-s ye-30 noma i-1080, i-s, i-time-pse kanye nokuzinza, i-panorama, i-face detection, ukuzinza kwesithombe se-optical, i-port, i-optical image stabilization, i-opening I-beta beta beta beta-f.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ukuzinza kwesithombe sokubona
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ikhamera yangaphambili
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |7 MP, i-f/2.2 aperture, indlela yokuqhuma, ukulawulwa kokuvuleka, ukuthola ubuso, i-auto-HDR, ukuzinza kwesithombe somoto, i-retina flash, ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo ye-1080p HD I-Portrait Mode, i-Portrait Lighting, ne-Animoji
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukuboniswa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |5.85 in (149 mm) I-Super Retina HD: AMOLED, 19.5:9, &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; px resolution, (458 ppi), enikezwa yI-Samsung Display 625 cd/m2 max. ukukhanya (okujwayelekile), ngengilazi ene-dual-ion exchange-reinforced kanye ne-3D Touch&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ukuthintana Kwe-3D
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Umsindo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Izikhulumi ze-Stereo, i-Spatiale Audio, I-Dolby Atmos
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukuxhumana
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Zonke izinhlobo:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;[[IEEE 802.11n-2009|n]]&quot; data-linkid=&quot;501&quot; href=&quot;./IEEE_802.11a-1999&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;IEEE 802.11a-1999&quot;&gt;a class=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;494&quot; href=&quot;./LTE_(telecommunication)&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;LTE (telecommunication)&quot;&gt;I-LTE (amab 1 kuya ku-5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17 kuya ku-20, 25 kuya ku-30, 66), I-TD-LTE (&quot;amaband 34, 38 kuya ku-41), i-UMTS/I-HSPA++/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1700/2100, 2100 MHz), i-g/EDGE (850,900, 1800, 1900 MHz), i-&quot;Wi-Fi&quot; (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac), I-Bluetooth 5, I-NFC, i-G, i-S, i-GS, i-UGalileo &amp; I-QZSS&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Imodeli ye-A1865:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

* I-TD-SCDMA 1900 (F), 2000 (A) &amp; I-CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A (800, 1900, 2100 MHz) &amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukumelana namanzi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-IP67
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Umfuziselo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-A1865 (ne-I-Qualcomm modem) I-A1901 (ne-I-Intel modem) i-A1902 (ithengiswa eJapane) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |I-SAR
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |'''Imodeli ye-A1865:''': Ikhanda: 1.09 W/kg Umzimba: 1.17 W/kg  Imodeli I-A1901: Ikhanda: 1.08 W/kg Imodeli ye-A1902: Ikhanda, 1.12 W/kg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sar1&quot; /&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ukuhambisana kwezinsiza-kuzwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |I-M3, I-T4
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ezinye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ukubiza umsindo noma ividiyo ye-FaceTime, ukuhlaziya okungenantambo kwe-Qi, ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwe-USB-C ku-Lightning, I-Qi phezu kwe-LTEIzwi nge-LTE
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Iwebhusayithi
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171101090839/https://www.apple.com/iphone-x/ I-iPhone X] ku-Wayback Machine (igciniwe ngoNovember 1, 2017) &amp;#x20;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Izikhombo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |
|}
 
'''[[IPhone|I-iPhone]] X''' iyi[[UMakhalipha|I-smartphone]] eyasungulwa futhi yathengiswa yi-Apula. Iyingxenye yesizukulwane se-11 se-iPhone. Itholakala ngaphambi koku-oda kusukela ngo-September 26, 2017, yakhululwa ngo-November 3, 2017. Ukuqanjwa kwe-iPhone X (ukweqa i-iPhone 9 ne-iPhone 9 Plus) kwaphawula unyaka we-10 we-iPhone.

Kwakuyi-iPhone yokuqala eyaklanywa ngaphandle kwenkinobho yasekhaya, ushintsho olwaba yinto ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zesikhathi esizayo (ngaphandle kwe-iPhone SE Eyesibili neyesithathu). Futhi kwakuyi-iPhone yokuqala yokusebenzisa isikrini se-OLED, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Super Retina HD display, enye yezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziphambili kakhulu zesikhathi sayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Touch ID yangaphambilini, okuhlanganiswe nomklamo wangaphambili wenkinobho yasekhaya, kwathathelwa indawo uhlobo olusha lokuqinisekiswa olubizwa nge-Face ID, olusebenzisa izinzwa uku[[Uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso|Hlola ubuso bomsebenzisi]] ukuvula idivayisi. La makhono okubona ubuso aphinde avumela ama-emoji ukuba aphile ngokulandela ukubukeka komsebenzisi (I-Animoji). Ngomklamo ongenayo i-bezel, ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi we-iPhone kwashintsha kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izimpawu esikhundleni senkinobho yendabuko yasekhaya ukuqondisa isimiso sokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwayo ngoNovemba 2017, intengo yayo ye-US $ 999 e-United States nayo yenza i-iPhone ebiza kakhulu, ngamanani aphakeme emhlabeni wonke.

Kanye ne-iPhone 6s, i-iPhone 6S Plus ne-iPhone SE isizukulwane sokuqala, i-I-iPhone XR yayeka ukusetshenziswa ngo-kuMandulo 12, 2018, ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwamadivayisi e-iPhone XS, i- iPhone XS Max ne-iPhone XR.

Ubuchwepheshe be-iPhone X babusathuthukiswa iminyaka emihlanu, baqala emuva ngo-2012. Amahemuhemu okwakhiwa kabusha kwe-iPhone aqala ukusakazeka ngesikhathi sesimemezelo se-iPhone 7 engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2016, futhi aqina lapho ukuvuza kwe-HomePod firmware ngoJulayi 2017 kusikisela ukuthi i-Apple ngokushesha izokhipha ucingo olune-design encane, ukuntuleka kwenkinobho yasekhaya, ukuqaphela ubuso, nezinye izici ezintsha. Uhlobo olucishe lube lokugcina lokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-I-iOS 11 nalo lwavuleka ngo-September 2017, luqinisekisa umklamo omusha nezici.</text>
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    <title>Ama-Lollipop</title>
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'''i-lollipop''' wuhlobo lwoshukela oluvame ukuba uswidi oqinile oboshelwe endukwini futhi ohloselwe ukumunca noma ukukhotha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|year=2007|title=Lollipop|url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Lollipop.html|accessdate=2007-08-19|website=How Products are Made|publisher=Advameg Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amagama ahlukene angakahleleki asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi igama elithi l'''olly''' nelithi sucker.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Myers|first=Dan|date=2015-08-12|title=Pop or Soda? Hero or Sub? 13 Regional Food Names Around America|url=https://www.thedailymeal.com/eat/pop-or-soda-hero-or-sub-13-regional-food-names-around-america-0|accessdate=2021-08-02|website=The Daily Meal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lolly definition and meaning|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/lolly|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116025405/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/lolly|archive-date=Jan 16, 2023|accessdate=2021-08-02|website=Collins English Dictionary|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ama-Lollipops atholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi zokunambitheka nokuma.</text>
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    <title>Ibhasi lesikole</title>
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'''ibhasi lesikole''' wuhlobo lwebhasi eliphethwe, eliqashiwe, eliqashelwe, noma elisetshenziswa y[[isikole]] noma yisifunda sesikole. Isetshenziswa njalo ukuthutha abafundi beya futhi bebuya esikoleni kanye emisebenzini ehlobene nesikole, kodwa hhayi ibhasi eliqashiwe noma ibhasi lokuthutha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=National School Transportation Specifications and Procedures 2015 Edition|url=http://www.nasdpts.org/ncstonline/Documents/NCST%202015%20Specifications%20and%20Procedures%2011.1.16.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630163721/http://www.nasdpts.org/ncstonline/Documents/NCST%202015%20Specifications%20and%20Procedures%2011.1.16.pdf|archive-date=2017-06-30|accessdate=2017-10-02|pages=342–343}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhasi esikole zisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke; izibonelo ezivelele kakhulu amabhasi esikolwa aphuzi ase-[[IMelika|I-United States]] atholakala nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi [[IKhanada|ICanada]].

ENyakatho Melika, amabhasi esikole ayizimoto ezakhiwe ngenhloso ezihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhasi ngezici zokuklama eziphoqelelwe yimithetho kahulumeni neyesigodi / yesifundazwe. Ngaphezu kombala wabo ophawulekayo (i-National School Bus Glossy Yellow), amabhasi esikole afakwe izibani zokuxwayisa zangaphandle (ukuwanikeza izimoto kuqala) kanye nemishini eminingi yokuphepha.</text>
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Isinkwa siwukudla okuthandwa abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Sivame ukwenziwa ngofulawa, amanzi, imvubelo, usawoti kanye nezinye izithako kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesinkwa olwenziwayo. Isinkwa singadliwa ngesikhathi sasekuseni, emini noma kusihlwa, futhi sivame ukuhambisana nokunye ukudla okufana nebhotela, ushizi, amaqanda, inyama noma ujamu.

Ukwenziwa kwesinkwa kuqala ngokuxuba izithako ukuze kwakheke inhlama. Inhlama iyaxovwa bese iyekwa ukuze ikhule ngenxa yemvubelo. Ngemva kwalokho, inhlama ibunjwa ngendlela efanele bese ifakwa kuhhavini ukuze ibhakwe. Uma sesivuthiwe, isinkwa siba nephunga elimnandi, sithambe ngaphakathi futhi sibe nombala onsundu ngaphandle.

Isinkwa sinikeza umzimba amandla ngoba siqukethe ama-carbohydrates. Ezinye izinhlobo zesinkwa, ikakhulukazi isinkwa sikakolweni ophelele, zingaba nomthamo omuhle we-fibre, amavithamini namaminerali. I-fibre ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Isinkwa sibalulekile emindenini ngoba kulula ukusithola futhi singasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha isinkwa esinomsoco futhi sidliwe ngenani elifanele njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo.

== Izinkomba ==
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bread. Available at: Encyclopaedia Britannica – Bread

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Whole Grains. Available at: Harvard – Whole Grains

FAO. Wheat and wheat products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</text>
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[[File:Bread slices.jpg|thumb|isinkwa]]


'''Isinkwa''' siwukudla okuthandwa abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Sivame ukwenziwa ngofulawa, amanzi, imvubelo, usawoti kanye nezinye izithako kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesinkwa olwenziwayo. Isinkwa singadliwa ngesikhathi sasekuseni, emini noma kusihlwa, futhi sivame ukuhambisana nokunye ukudla okufana nebhotela, ushizi, amaqanda, inyama noma ujamu.

Ukwenziwa kwesinkwa kuqala ngokuxuba izithako ukuze kwakheke inhlama. Inhlama iyaxovwa bese iyekwa ukuze ikhule ngenxa yemvubelo. Ngemva kwalokho, inhlama ibunjwa ngendlela efanele bese ifakwa kuhhavini ukuze ibhakwe. Uma sesivuthiwe, isinkwa siba nephunga elimnandi, sithambe ngaphakathi futhi sibe nombala onsundu ngaphandle.

Isinkwa sinikeza umzimba amandla ngoba siqukethe ama-carbohydrates. Ezinye izinhlobo zesinkwa, ikakhulukazi isinkwa sikakolweni ophelele, zingaba nomthamo omuhle we-fibre, amavithamini namaminerali. I-fibre ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Isinkwa sibalulekile emindenini ngoba kulula ukusithola futhi singasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha isinkwa esinomsoco futhi sidliwe ngenani elifanele njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo.

== Izinkomba ==
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Bread. Available at: Encyclopaedia Britannica – Bread

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Whole Grains. Available at: Harvard – Whole Grains

FAO. Wheat and wheat products. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>130637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T20:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
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[[File:Bread slices.jpg|thumb|isinkwa]]

'''Isinkwa''' siwukudla okuthandwa abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Sivame ukwenziwa ngofulawa, amanzi, imvubelo, usawoti kanye nezinye izithako kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesinkwa olwenziwayo. Isinkwa singadliwa ngesikhathi sasekuseni, emini noma kusihlwa, futhi sivame ukuhambisana nokunye ukudla okufana nebhotela, ushizi, amaqanda, inyama noma ujamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bread {{!}} Definition, History, Types, &amp; Methods of Preparation {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/bread |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260606143730/https://www.britannica.com/topic/bread |archive-date=2026-06-06 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukwenziwa kwesinkwa kuqala ngokuxuba izithako ukuze kwakheke inhlama. Inhlama iyaxovwa bese iyekwa ukuze ikhule ngenxa yemvubelo. Ngemva kwalokho, inhlama ibunjwa ngendlela efanele bese ifakwa kuhhavini ukuze ibhakwe. Uma sesivuthiwe, isinkwa siba nephunga elimnandi, sithambe ngaphakathi futhi sibe nombala onsundu ngaphandle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-01-24|title=Whole Grains • The Nutrition Source|url=https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/what-should-you-eat/whole-grains/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isinkwa sinikeza umzimba amandla ngoba siqukethe ama-carbohydrates. Ezinye izinhlobo zesinkwa, ikakhulukazi isinkwa sikakolweni ophelele, zingaba nomthamo omuhle we-fibre, amavithamini namaminerali. I-fibre ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-01-24|title=Whole Grains • The Nutrition Source|url=https://nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu/what-should-you-eat/whole-grains/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isinkwa sibalulekile emindenini ngoba kulula ukusithola futhi singasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha isinkwa esinomsoco futhi sidliwe ngenani elifanele njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=WorldFoodSituation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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'''Uphaca''' uyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ekuphekeni nasekulungiseni ukudla. Leli thuluzi lisiza umuntu ekuxubeni, ekuphakamiseni noma ekuphenduleni ukudla ngesikhathi kuphekwa. Uphaca uvamise ukwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, njengensimbi, ukhuni noma ipulasitiki, kuye ngokuthi uzosetshenziswa kuphi.

Uphaca ubalulekile ngoba wenza umsebenzi wokupheka ube lula futhi uhlanzeke. Uma umuntu epheka inyama, imifino noma okunye ukudla epanini, angasebenzisa uphaca ukukuphendula ukuze kupheke kahle nhlangothi zonke. Uphaca wokhuni nawo uyasiza ekuxubeni ukudla ngaphandle kokuklwebha amapani athile.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zophaca. Kukhona ophaca abade abasiza umuntu ukuthi angasondeli kakhulu ekushiseni, kanti abanye bancane futhi balungele imisebenzi elula yasekhishini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uphaca ofanele umsebenzi ofanele ukuze kuphekwe ngendlela ephephile.

Uphaca kufanele uhlanzwe kahle emva kokusetshenziswa. Ukuwugcina uhlanzekile kusiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane nokungcola okungangena ekudleni. Ngakho-ke, uphaca uyithuluzi elibalulekile ekhishini ngoba wenza ukupheka kube lula, kusheshe futhi kuphephe.

== Izinkomba ==
Oxford Languages. (2026). Uphaca / Cooking utensil terminology. Oxford University Press.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2026). Cooking utensils and kitchen equipment. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Cambridge Dictionary. (2026). Kitchen utensils. Cambridge University Press.

Collins Dictionary. (2026). Cooking utensils. HarperCollins Publishers.</text>
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[[File:Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg. 063-066, 1920.21-1924 (IA verhandlungendes6366bota).pdf|thumb|uphaca]]


'''Uphaca''' [[uyithuluzi]] elisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ekuphekeni nasekulungiseni ukudla. Leli thuluzi lisiza umuntu ekuxubeni, ekuphakamiseni noma ekuphenduleni ukudla ngesikhathi kuphekwa. Uphaca uvamise ukwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, njengensimbi, ukhuni noma ipulasitiki, kuye ngokuthi uzosetshenziswa kuphi.

Uphaca ubalulekile ngoba wenza umsebenzi [[wokupheka]] ube lula futhi uhlanzeke. Uma umuntu epheka inyama, imifino noma okunye ukudla epanini, angasebenzisa uphaca ukukuphendula ukuze kupheke kahle nhlangothi zonke. Uphaca wokhuni nawo uyasiza ekuxubeni ukudla ngaphandle kokuklwebha amapani athile.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zophaca. Kukhona ophaca abade abasiza umuntu ukuthi angasondeli kakhulu ekushiseni, kanti abanye bancane futhi balungele imisebenzi elula yasekhishini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uphaca ofanele umsebenzi ofanele ukuze kuphekwe ngendlela ephephile.

Uphaca kufanele uhlanzwe kahle emva kokusetshenziswa. Ukuwugcina uhlanzekile kusiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane nokungcola okungangena ekudleni. Ngakho-ke, uphaca uyithuluzi elibalulekile ekhishini ngoba wenza ukupheka kube lula, kusheshe futhi kuphephe.

== Izinkomba ==
Oxford Languages. (2026). Uphaca / Cooking utensil terminology. Oxford University Press.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2026). Cooking utensils and kitchen equipment. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Cambridge Dictionary. (2026). Kitchen utensils. Cambridge University Press.

Collins Dictionary. (2026). Cooking utensils. HarperCollins Publishers.
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[[File:Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg. 063-066, 1920.21-1924 (IA verhandlungendes6366bota).pdf|thumb|uphaca]]


'''Uphaca''' [[uyithuluzi]] elisetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ekuphekeni nasekulungiseni ukudla. Leli thuluzi lisiza umuntu ekuxubeni, ekuphakamiseni noma ekuphenduleni ukudla ngesikhathi kuphekwa. Uphaca uvamise ukwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, njengensimbi, ukhuni noma ipulasitiki, kuye ngokuthi uzosetshenziswa kuphi.

Uphaca ubalulekile ngoba wenza umsebenzi [[wokupheka]] ube lula futhi uhlanzeke. Uma umuntu epheka inyama, imifino noma okunye ukudla epanini, angasebenzisa uphaca ukukuphendula ukuze kupheke kahle nhlangothi zonke. Uphaca wokhuni nawo uyasiza ekuxubeni ukudla ngaphandle kokuklwebha amapani athile.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zophaca. Kukhona ophaca abade abasiza umuntu ukuthi angasondeli kakhulu ekushiseni, kanti abanye bancane futhi balungele imisebenzi elula yasekhishini. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uphaca ofanele umsebenzi ofanele ukuze kuphekwe ngendlela ephephile.

Uphaca kufanele uhlanzwe kahle emva kokusetshenziswa. Ukuwugcina uhlanzekile kusiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane nokungcola okungangena ekudleni. Ngakho-ke, uphaca uyithuluzi elibalulekile ekhishini ngoba wenza ukupheka kube lula, kusheshe futhi kuphephe.

== Izinkomba ==
Oxford Languages. (2026). Uphaca / Cooking utensil terminology. Oxford University Press.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2026). Cooking utensils and kitchen equipment. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Cambridge Dictionary. (2026). Kitchen utensils. Cambridge University Press.

Collins Dictionary. (2026). Cooking utensils. HarperCollins Publishers.
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      <text bytes="1198" sha1="t4m27t4mg8rm7nob43sm3ms0e7dsl0f" xml:space="preserve">idishi

Idishi iyisitsha esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya nasezindaweni zokudlela. Lenzelwe ukuphatha noma ukubeka ukudla, izithelo, imifino noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amadishi atholakala ngezimo, ngobukhulu nangemibala ehlukahlukene. Enziwa ngezinto ezifana nepulasitiki, ingilazi, insimbi, ukhuni noma ubumba.

Idishi linendima ebalulekile ekuphekeni nasekudleni. Uma ukudla sekuphekiwe, kungafakwa e dishini ukuze kube lula ukukuphaka nokukudla. Ezinye izitsha ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa ukubeka isaladi, irayisi, inyama noma ezinye izinhlobo zokudla. Idishi elincane lona lingasetshenziswa ukubeka izithelo, amaswidi noma ukudla okuncane.

Kubalulekile ukugcina amadishi ehlanzekile ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kufanele agezwe kahle ngamanzi nensipho, bese omiswa endaweni ehlanzekile. Amadishi engilazi noma obumba kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela ngoba angaphuka kalula.

== Izinkomba ==
Oxford Languages. Dish – Definition and Meaning. Oxford University Press.

Cambridge Dictionary. Dish – Meaning. Cambridge University Press.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Tableware and Household Utensils. Encyclopaedia Britannica.</text>
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'''Idishi''' iyisitsha esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya nasezindaweni zokudlela. Lenzelwe ukuphatha noma ukubeka ukudla, izithelo, imifino noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amadishi atholakala ngezimo, ngobukhulu nangemibala ehlukahlukene. Enziwa ngezinto ezifana nepulasitiki, ingilazi, insimbi, ukhuni noma ubumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=dish noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{!}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dish_1|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Idishi linendima ebalulekile ekuphekeni nasekudleni. Uma ukudla sekuphekiwe, kungafakwa e dishini ukuze kube lula ukukuphaka nokukudla. Ezinye izitsha ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa ukubeka isaladi, irayisi, inyama noma ezinye izinhlobo zokudla. Idishi elincane lona lingasetshenziswa ukubeka izithelo, amaswidi noma ukudla okuncane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=dish|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/dish|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kubalulekile ukugcina amadishi ehlanzekile ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kufanele agezwe kahle ngamanzi nensipho, bese omiswa endaweni ehlanzekile. Amadishi engilazi noma obumba kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela ngoba angaphuka kalula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=dish|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/dish|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;idishi  '''Idishi''' iyisitsha esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya nasezindaweni zokudlela. Lenzelwe ukuphatha noma ukubeka ukudla, izithelo, imifino noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amadishi atholakala ngezimo, ngobukhulu nangemibala ehlukahlukene. Enziwa ngezinto ezifana nepulasitiki, ingilazi, insimbi, ukhuni noma ubumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=dish noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{!}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dicti...&quot;</comment>
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'''Idishi''' iyisitsha esisetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya nasezindaweni zokudlela. Lenzelwe ukuphatha noma ukubeka ukudla, izithelo, imifino noma ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amadishi atholakala ngezimo, ngobukhulu nangemibala ehlukahlukene. Enziwa ngezinto ezifana nepulasitiki, ingilazi, insimbi, ukhuni noma ubumba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=dish noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{!}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dish_1|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Idishi linendima ebalulekile ekuphekeni nasekudleni. Uma ukudla sekuphekiwe, kungafakwa e dishini ukuze kube lula ukukuphaka nokukudla. Ezinye izitsha ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa ukubeka isaladi, irayisi, inyama noma ezinye izinhlobo zokudla. Idishi elincane lona lingasetshenziswa ukubeka izithelo, amaswidi noma ukudla okuncane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=dish|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/dish|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kubalulekile ukugcina amadishi ehlanzekile ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kufanele agezwe kahle ngamanzi nensipho, bese omiswa endaweni ehlanzekile. Amadishi engilazi noma obumba kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela ngoba angaphuka kalula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-28|title=dish|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/dish|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=dictionary.cambridge.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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'''Imatshi''' yindlela abantu abahamba ngayo behlelekile besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngenhloso ethile. Abantu bangamatsha emicimbini efana nemikhosi, imibhikisho, imicimbi yesikole noma eminye imicimbi yomphakathi. Uma abantu bematsha, bavame ukuhamba ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacule, baphathe izimpawu noma baphakamise imilayezo ethile.

Imatshi ingaba yindlela yokukhombisa ubumbano phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abahlanganyela kuyo bangaba nomgomo ofanayo futhi bafune ukuveza umbono wabo emphakathini. Ezikhathini eziningi, imatshi ingasetshenziswa ukuveza izikhalo, ukweseka udaba oluthile noma ukukhumbula isenzakalo esibalulekile.

Kubalulekile ukuthi imatshi ihlelwe kahle ukuze abantu baphephe. Abahlanganyeli kufanele balandele imithetho, bahloniphe abanye abantu futhi bagweme udlame noma ukulimaza impahla. Abahleli nabo banomsebenzi wokwazisa abantu ngezindlela zokuphepha kanye nezindawo lapho imatshi izodlula khona.

== Izinkomba ==
South African Government. (2024). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Pretoria: Government Printer.

South African Human Rights Commission. (2020). The right to peaceful assembly in South Africa. Johannesburg: SAHRC.

Oxford Languages. (2026). March: Definition and meaning. Oxford University Press</text>
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'''Imatshi''' yindlela abantu abahamba ngayo behlelekile besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngenhloso ethile. Abantu bangamatsha emicimbini efana nemikhosi, imibhikisho, imicimbi yesikole noma eminye imicimbi yomphakathi. Uma abantu bematsha, bavame ukuhamba ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacule, baphathe izimpawu noma baphakamise imilayezo ethile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imatshi ingaba yindlela yokukhombisa ubumbano phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abahlanganyela kuyo bangaba nomgomo ofanayo futhi bafune ukuveza umbono wabo emphakathini. Ezikhathini eziningi, imatshi ingasetshenziswa ukuveza izikhalo, ukweseka udaba oluthile noma ukukhumbula isenzakalo esibalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kubalulekile ukuthi imatshi ihlelwe kahle ukuze abantu baphephe. Abahlanganyeli kufanele balandele imithetho, bahloniphe abanye abantu futhi bagweme udlame noma ukulimaza impahla. Abahleli nabo banomsebenzi wokwazisa abantu ngezindlela zokuphepha kanye nezindawo lapho imatshi izodlula khona.

== Izinkomba ==
South African Government. (2024). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Pretoria: Government Printer.

South African Human Rights Commission. (2020). The right to peaceful assembly in South Africa. Johannesburg: SAHRC.

Oxford Languages. (2026). March: Definition and meaning. Oxford University Press</text>
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'''Imatshi''' yindlela abantu abahamba ngayo behlelekile besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngenhloso ethile. Abantu bangamatsha emicimbini efana nemikhosi, imibhikisho, imicimbi yesikole noma eminye imicimbi yomphakathi. Uma abantu bematsha, bavame ukuhamba ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacule, baphathe izimpawu noma baphakamise imilayezo ethile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imatshi ingaba yindlela yokukhombisa ubumbano phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abahlanganyela kuyo bangaba nomgomo ofanayo futhi bafune ukuveza umbono wabo emphakathini. Ezikhathini eziningi, imatshi ingasetshenziswa ukuveza izikhalo, ukweseka udaba oluthile noma ukukhumbula isenzakalo esibalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kubalulekile ukuthi imatshi ihlelwe kahle ukuze abantu baphephe. Abahlanganyeli kufanele balandele imithetho, bahloniphe abanye abantu futhi bagweme udlame noma ukulimaza impahla. Abahleli nabo banomsebenzi wokwazisa abantu ngezindlela zokuphepha kanye nezindawo lapho imatshi izodlula khona.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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== Isiphandla ==
'''Isiphandla''' yibhande noma umdweshu ogqokwa esihlakaleni futhi onendawo ebalulekile emikhubeni nasemasikweni athile abantu abangamaZulu. Igama elithi ''isiphandla'' lisetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluchaza amasiko abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. (NCBI)

=== Ukwenziwa kwesiphandla ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesiphandla. Olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngomdweshana owelukwe ngotshani bese lugqokwa esihlakaleni. UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi ubuhle balolu hlobo buhlobene nekhono lomuntu olulukayo. (Department of Basic Education)

Kukhona nesiphandla esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esihlatshiwe emcimbini wesintu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamasiko esiZulu luchaza isiphandla njengengxenye yesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswa emcimbini wokwenza umhlatshelo. (ResearchSpace)

==== Isiphandla emicimbini yesintu ====
Isiphandla singahambisana nemicimbi yesintu efana '''nembeleko'''. Embelekweni, ingane yethulwa emndenini nasemadlozini, kanti isiphandla singenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswe emcimbini. I-Ulwazi Programme ichaza ukuthi eminye imindeni yenza isiphandla sengane ngesikhumba sembuzi esetshenziswe embelekweni. (Ulwazi Programme)

Ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiphandla singasebenza njengophawu lokuhlonipha nokuxhumana namadlozi ngaphakathi komkhuba othile wesiZulu. Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi imikhuba yesintu ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. (ResearchSpace)

===== Isiphandla njengesibonakaliso sesiko =====
Isiphandla singaba uphawu lokuthi umuntu noma umndeni ubambe iqhaza emcimbini othile wesintu. Incazelo yaso ayifani kuzo zonke izimo noma kuyo yonke imindeni, ngoba amasiko nemikhuba ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni nemiphakathi.

Imithombo yesimanje ichaza ukuthi isiphandla sisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo njengenye yezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko nobudlelwano bomndeni namadlozi. (SAnews)

====== Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla ======
Isiphandla sisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwaso emicimbini yesintu, kuhlanganise nembeleko. (SAnews)

Nokho, indlela isiphandla esisetshenziswa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ethile yesiphandla kufanele iqondwe ngokubheka umcimbi, umndeni kanye nesiko elihambisana naso.

== Izikhombo ==

# UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika. ''IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya (HL), National Senior Certificate, 2024''. (Department of Basic Education)
# Ngcongo, Thobile. ''Orality and Transformation in Zulu Ceremonies: Tradition in Transition''. University of KwaZulu-Natal. (ResearchSpace)
# NCBI Bookshelf. ''Wearing of artefacts for preventive and promotive care: An African indigenous practice of go thekga during infancy''. (NCBI)
# Ulwazi Programme. ''What's in a Name?'' (Ulwazi Programme)
# South African Government. ''Embracing our heritage''. SAnews. (SAnews)</text>
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== Isiphandla ==
'''Isiphandla'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yibhande noma umdweshu ogqokwa esihlakaleni futhi onendawo ebalulekile emikhubeni nasemasikweni athile abantu abangamaZulu. Igama elithi ''isiphandla'' lisetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluchaza amasiko abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. (NCBI)

=== Ukwenziwa kwesiphandla ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesiphandla. Olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngomdweshana owelukwe ngotshani bese lugqokwa esihlakaleni. UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi ubuhle balolu hlobo buhlobene nekhono lomuntu olulukayo. (Department of Basic Education)

Kukhona nesiphandla esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esihlatshiwe emcimbini wesintu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamasiko esiZulu luchaza isiphandla njengengxenye yesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswa emcimbini wokwenza umhlatshelo. (ResearchSpace)

==== Isiphandla emicimbini yesintu ====
Isiphandla singahambisana nemicimbi yesintu efana '''nembeleko'''. Embelekweni, ingane yethulwa emndenini nasemadlozini, kanti isiphandla singenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswe emcimbini. I-Ulwazi Programme ichaza ukuthi eminye imindeni yenza isiphandla sengane ngesikhumba sembuzi esetshenziswe embelekweni. (Ulwazi Programme)

Ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiphandla singasebenza njengophawu lokuhlonipha nokuxhumana namadlozi ngaphakathi komkhuba othile wesiZulu. Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi imikhuba yesintu ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. (ResearchSpace)

===== Isiphandla njengesibonakaliso sesiko =====
Isiphandla singaba uphawu lokuthi umuntu noma umndeni ubambe iqhaza emcimbini othile wesintu. Incazelo yaso ayifani kuzo zonke izimo noma kuyo yonke imindeni, ngoba amasiko nemikhuba ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni nemiphakathi.

Imithombo yesimanje ichaza ukuthi isiphandla sisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo njengenye yezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko nobudlelwano bomndeni namadlozi. (SAnews)

====== Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla ======
Isiphandla sisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwaso emicimbini yesintu, kuhlanganise nembeleko. (SAnews)

Nokho, indlela isiphandla esisetshenziswa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ethile yesiphandla kufanele iqondwe ngokubheka umcimbi, umndeni kanye nesiko elihambisana naso.

== Izikhombo ==

# UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika. ''IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya (HL), National Senior Certificate, 2024''. (Department of Basic Education)
# Ngcongo, Thobile. ''Orality and Transformation in Zulu Ceremonies: Tradition in Transition''. University of KwaZulu-Natal. (ResearchSpace)
# NCBI Bookshelf. ''Wearing of artefacts for preventive and promotive care: An African indigenous practice of go thekga during infancy''. (NCBI)
# Ulwazi Programme. ''What's in a Name?'' (Ulwazi Programme)
# South African Government. ''Embracing our heritage''. SAnews. (SAnews)</text>
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== Isiphandla ==
'''Isiphandla'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yibhande noma umdweshu ogqokwa esihlakaleni futhi onendawo ebalulekile emikhubeni nasemasikweni athile abantu abangamaZulu. Igama elithi ''isiphandla'' lisetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluchaza amasiko abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. (NCBI)

=== Ukwenziwa kwesiphandla ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesiphandla. Olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngomdweshana owelukwe ngotshani bese lugqokwa esihlakaleni. UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi ubuhle balolu hlobo buhlobene nekhono lomuntu olulukayo. (Department of Basic Education)

Kukhona nesiphandla esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esihlatshiwe emcimbini wesintu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamasiko esiZulu luchaza isiphandla njengengxenye yesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswa emcimbini wokwenza umhlatshelo. (ResearchSpace)

==== Isiphandla emicimbini yesintu ====
Isiphandla singahambisana nemicimbi yesintu efana '''nembeleko'''. Embelekweni, ingane yethulwa emndenini nasemadlozini, kanti isiphandla singenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswe emcimbini. I-Ulwazi Programme ichaza ukuthi eminye imindeni yenza isiphandla sengane ngesikhumba sembuzi esetshenziswe embelekweni. (Ulwazi Programme)

Ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiphandla singasebenza njengophawu lokuhlonipha nokuxhumana namadlozi ngaphakathi komkhuba othile wesiZulu. Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi imikhuba yesintu ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. (ResearchSpace)

===== Isiphandla njengesibonakaliso sesiko =====
Isiphandla singaba uphawu lokuthi umuntu noma umndeni ubambe iqhaza emcimbini othile wesintu. Incazelo yaso ayifani kuzo zonke izimo noma kuyo yonke imindeni, ngoba amasiko nemikhuba ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni nemiphakathi.

Imithombo yesimanje ichaza ukuthi isiphandla sisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo njengenye yezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko nobudlelwano bomndeni namadlozi. (SAnews)

====== Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla ======
Isiphandla sisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwaso emicimbini yesintu, kuhlanganise nembeleko. (SAnews)

Nokho, indlela isiphandla esisetshenziswa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ethile yesiphandla kufanele iqondwe ngokubheka umcimbi, umndeni kanye nesiko elihambisana naso.

== Imithombo ==

# UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika. ''IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya (HL), National Senior Certificate, 2024''. (Department of Basic Education)
# Ngcongo, Thobile. ''Orality and Transformation in Zulu Ceremonies: Tradition in Transition''. University of KwaZulu-Natal. (ResearchSpace)
# NCBI Bookshelf. ''Wearing of artefacts for preventive and promotive care: An African indigenous practice of go thekga during infancy''. (NCBI)
# Ulwazi Programme. ''What's in a Name?'' (Ulwazi Programme)
# South African Government. ''Embracing our heritage''. SAnews. (SAnews)</text>
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== Isiphandla samaZULU ==
'''Isiphandla'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yibhande noma umdweshu ogqokwa esihlakaleni futhi onendawo ebalulekile emikhubeni nasemasikweni athile abantu abangamaZulu. Igama elithi ''isiphandla'' lisetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluchaza amasiko abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. (NCBI)

=== Ukwenziwa kwesiphandla ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesiphandla. Olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngomdweshana owelukwe ngotshani bese lugqokwa esihlakaleni. UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi ubuhle balolu hlobo buhlobene nekhono lomuntu olulukayo. (Department of Basic Education)

Kukhona nesiphandla esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esihlatshiwe emcimbini wesintu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamasiko esiZulu luchaza isiphandla njengengxenye yesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswa emcimbini wokwenza umhlatshelo. (ResearchSpace)

==== Isiphandla emicimbini yesintu ====
Isiphandla singahambisana nemicimbi yesintu efana '''nembeleko'''. Embelekweni, ingane yethulwa emndenini nasemadlozini, kanti isiphandla singenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswe emcimbini. I-Ulwazi Programme ichaza ukuthi eminye imindeni yenza isiphandla sengane ngesikhumba sembuzi esetshenziswe embelekweni. (Ulwazi Programme)

Ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiphandla singasebenza njengophawu lokuhlonipha nokuxhumana namadlozi ngaphakathi komkhuba othile wesiZulu. Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi imikhuba yesintu ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. (ResearchSpace)

===== Isiphandla njengesibonakaliso sesiko =====
Isiphandla singaba uphawu lokuthi umuntu noma umndeni ubambe iqhaza emcimbini othile wesintu. Incazelo yaso ayifani kuzo zonke izimo noma kuyo yonke imindeni, ngoba amasiko nemikhuba ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni nemiphakathi.

Imithombo yesimanje ichaza ukuthi isiphandla sisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo njengenye yezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko nobudlelwano bomndeni namadlozi. (SAnews)

====== Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla ======
Isiphandla sisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwaso emicimbini yesintu, kuhlanganise nembeleko. (SAnews)

Nokho, indlela isiphandla esisetshenziswa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ethile yesiphandla kufanele iqondwe ngokubheka umcimbi, umndeni kanye nesiko elihambisana naso.

== Imithombo ==

# UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika. ''IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya (HL), National Senior Certificate, 2024''. (Department of Basic Education)
# Ngcongo, Thobile. ''Orality and Transformation in Zulu Ceremonies: Tradition in Transition''. University of KwaZulu-Natal. (ResearchSpace)
# NCBI Bookshelf. ''Wearing of artefacts for preventive and promotive care: An African indigenous practice of go thekga during infancy''. (NCBI)
# Ulwazi Programme. ''What's in a Name?'' (Ulwazi Programme)
# South African Government. ''Embracing our heritage''. SAnews. (SAnews)
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Imatshi  '''Imatshi''' yindlela abantu abahamba ngayo behlelekile besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngenhloso ethile. Abantu bangamatsha emicimbini efana nemikhosi, imibhikisho, imicimbi yesikole noma eminye imicimbi yomphakathi. Uma abantu bematsha, bavame ukuhamba ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacule, baphathe izimpawu noma baphakamise imilayezo ethile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Gov...&quot;</comment>
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'''Imatshi''' yindlela abantu abahamba ngayo behlelekile besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye, ngokuvamile ngenhloso ethile. Abantu bangamatsha emicimbini efana nemikhosi, imibhikisho, imicimbi yesikole noma eminye imicimbi yomphakathi. Uma abantu bematsha, bavame ukuhamba ngokulandelana futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacule, baphathe izimpawu noma baphakamise imilayezo ethile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imatshi ingaba yindlela yokukhombisa ubumbano phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abahlanganyela kuyo bangaba nomgomo ofanayo futhi bafune ukuveza umbono wabo emphakathini. Ezikhathini eziningi, imatshi ingasetshenziswa ukuveza izikhalo, ukweseka udaba oluthile noma ukukhumbula isenzakalo esibalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 {{!}} South African Government|url=https://www.gov.za/zu/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-04-feb-1997|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kubalulekile ukuthi imatshi ihlelwe kahle ukuze abantu baphephe. Abahlanganyeli kufanele balandele imithetho, bahloniphe abanye abantu futhi bagweme udlame noma ukulimaza impahla. Abahleli nabo banomsebenzi wokwazisa abantu ngezindlela zokuphepha kanye nezindawo lapho imatshi izodlula khona.

== Izinkomba ==</text>
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[[File:Airheads candy flavors.jpg|thumb|Uswidi]]


'''Uswidi''' uwuhlobo lokudla olumnandi oluthandwa kakhulu abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane. Wenziwa ngezithako ezahlukene ezifana noshukela, ukunambitheka okuthile, imibala yokudla kanye nezinye izithako ezenza uswidi ube nephunga nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Uswidi utholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengamaswidi aqinile, amaswidi athambile, ama-lollipop, ama-toffee namagummy [[sweets]].

Uswidi uvame ukuthengwa ezitolo, ezikoleni, ezimakethe nasezitolo ezinkulu. Abantu bawuthenga ngezikhathi ezahlukene, njengemikhosi, izinsuku zokuzalwa noma njengento encane yokuzijabulisa. Kwezinye izikhathi uswidi unikezwa izingane njengomklomelo noma isipho.

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu badle uswidi ngokulinganisela. Uswidi omningi uqukethe ushukela omningi, futhi ukuwudla kakhulu kungandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zamazinyo, njengokubola kwamazinyo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nokuxubha amazinyo njalo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu agcine impilo enhle.

Uswidi ungaba yinto [[emnandi]] futhi ejabulisayo uma udliwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele bagweme ukuwudla ngokweqile futhi bakhethe ukudla okunomsoco njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). Healthy Diet. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet&lt;/nowiki&gt;

World Health Organization (WHO). Sugars and Dental Caries. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries&lt;/nowiki&gt;

NHS. How to cut down on sugar in your diet. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-guidelines-and-food-labels/how-to-cut-down-on-sugar-in-your-diet/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
[[Category:Emnandi]]</text>
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[[File:Airheads candy flavors.jpg|thumb|Uswidi]]

'''Uswidi''' uwuhlobo lokudla olumnandi oluthandwa kakhulu abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane. Wenziwa ngezithako ezahlukene ezifana noshukela, ukunambitheka okuthile, imibala yokudla kanye nezinye izithako ezenza uswidi ube nephunga nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Uswidi utholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengamaswidi aqinile, amaswidi athambile, ama-lollipop, ama-toffee namagummy [[sweets]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Healthy diet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uswidi uvame ukuthengwa ezitolo, ezikoleni, ezimakethe nasezitolo ezinkulu. Abantu bawuthenga ngezikhathi ezahlukene, njengemikhosi, izinsuku zokuzalwa noma njengento encane yokuzijabulisa. Kwezinye izikhathi uswidi unikezwa izingane njengomklomelo noma isipho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sugars and dental caries: WHO technical note, May 2025|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09443|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu badle uswidi ngokulinganisela. Uswidi omningi uqukethe ushukela omningi, futhi ukuwudla kakhulu kungandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zamazinyo, njengokubola kwamazinyo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nokuxubha amazinyo njalo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu agcine impilo enhle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sugars and dental caries: WHO technical note, May 2025|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09443|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uswidi ungaba yinto [[emnandi]] futhi ejabulisayo uma udliwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele bagweme ukuwudla ngokweqile futhi bakhethe ukudla okunomsoco njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Free Download: What to Eat With Diabetes {{!}} diaTribe|url=https://info.diatribe.org/what-to-eat-with-diabetes/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=info.diatribe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Emnandi]]</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Uswidi [[File:Airheads candy flavors.jpg|thumb|Uswidi]]  '''Uswidi''' uwuhlobo lokudla olumnandi oluthandwa kakhulu abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane. Wenziwa ngezithako ezahlukene ezifana noshukela, ukunambitheka okuthile, imibala yokudla kanye nezinye izithako ezenza uswidi ube nephunga nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Uswidi utholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengamaswidi aqinile, amaswidi athambile, ama-lollipop, ama-toffee namagummy [[sweets]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|tit...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Airheads candy flavors.jpg|thumb|Uswidi]]

'''Uswidi''' uwuhlobo lokudla olumnandi oluthandwa kakhulu abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane. Wenziwa ngezithako ezahlukene ezifana noshukela, ukunambitheka okuthile, imibala yokudla kanye nezinye izithako ezenza uswidi ube nephunga nokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Uswidi utholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi, njengamaswidi aqinile, amaswidi athambile, ama-lollipop, ama-toffee namagummy [[sweets]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Healthy diet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uswidi uvame ukuthengwa ezitolo, ezikoleni, ezimakethe nasezitolo ezinkulu. Abantu bawuthenga ngezikhathi ezahlukene, njengemikhosi, izinsuku zokuzalwa noma njengento encane yokuzijabulisa. Kwezinye izikhathi uswidi unikezwa izingane njengomklomelo noma isipho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sugars and dental caries: WHO technical note, May 2025|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09443|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu badle uswidi ngokulinganisela. Uswidi omningi uqukethe ushukela omningi, futhi ukuwudla kakhulu kungandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zamazinyo, njengokubola kwamazinyo. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi nokuxubha amazinyo njalo kubalulekile ukuze umuntu agcine impilo enhle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sugars and dental caries: WHO technical note, May 2025|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09443|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uswidi ungaba yinto [[emnandi]] futhi ejabulisayo uma udliwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele bagweme ukuwudla ngokweqile futhi bakhethe ukudla okunomsoco njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Free Download: What to Eat With Diabetes {{!}} diaTribe|url=https://info.diatribe.org/what-to-eat-with-diabetes/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=info.diatribe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Emnandi]]</text>
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[[File:Nishi tribal lightened.jpg|thumb|Inhloko]]


'''Inhloko''' iyingxenye [[ebalulekile]] yomzimba womuntu. Itholakala phezulu emzimbeni futhi ihlanganisa izitho ezibalulekile ezisiza umuntu ukuba aphile futhi asebenze kahle. Phakathi kwezitho ezitholakala enhlokweni kukhona ubuchopho, amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala nomlomo. Lezi zitho zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu.

Ubuchopho buyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala ngaphakathi kogebhezi lwekhanda. Buphethe imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukufunda, ukukhuluma nokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba. Amehlo wona asiza umuntu ukuba abone izinto ezimzungezile. Izindlebe zisiza ekuzweni imisindo nasekugcineni ibhalansi yomzimba.

Ikhala lisiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule futhi lizwe iphunga lezinto ezahlukene. Umlomo nawo unendima enkulu ngoba usetshenziselwa ukudla, ukuphuza, ukukhuluma nokuphefumula. Amazinyo nolimi kutholakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi kusiza ekugayeni nasekuhlafuneni ukudla kanye nasekukhulumeni.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela inhloko ukuze umuntu ahlale enempilo. Umuntu kufanele agcine izinwele nesikhumba sekhanda kuhlanzekile, agweme ukulimala ekhanda futhi afune usizo lwezempilo uma enokulimala noma ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inhloko iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba futhi kufanele siyinakekele njalo.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Brain health. World Health Organization.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Human body: Head and neck. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

OpenStax. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax, Rice University.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (2024). Brain basics. National Institutes of Health.
[[Category:Ebalulekile]]</text>
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        <id>25455</id>
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[[File:Nishi tribal lightened.jpg|thumb|Inhloko]]

'''Inhloko''' iyingxenye [[ebalulekile]] yomzimba womuntu. Itholakala phezulu emzimbeni futhi ihlanganisa izitho ezibalulekile ezisiza umuntu ukuba aphile futhi asebenze kahle. Phakathi kwezitho ezitholakala enhlokweni kukhona ubuchopho, amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala nomlomo. Lezi zitho zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu.

Ubuchopho buyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala ngaphakathi kogebhezi lwekhanda. Buphethe imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukufunda, ukukhuluma nokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba. Amehlo wona asiza umuntu ukuba abone izinto ezimzungezile. Izindlebe zisiza ekuzweni imisindo nasekugcineni ibhalansi yomzimba.

Ikhala lisiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule futhi lizwe iphunga lezinto ezahlukene. Umlomo nawo unendima enkulu ngoba usetshenziselwa ukudla, ukuphuza, ukukhuluma nokuphefumula. Amazinyo nolimi kutholakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi kusiza ekugayeni nasekuhlafuneni ukudla kanye nasekukhulumeni.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela inhloko ukuze umuntu ahlale enempilo. Umuntu kufanele agcine izinwele nesikhumba sekhanda kuhlanzekile, agweme ukulimala ekhanda futhi afune usizo lwezempilo uma enokulimala noma ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inhloko iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba futhi kufanele siyinakekele njalo.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Brain health. World Health Organization.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Human body: Head and neck. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

OpenStax. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax, Rice University.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (2024). Brain basics. National Institutes of Health.
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375541933|Florence]]&quot;</comment>
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| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of Florence.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|[[File:FlorenceCoA.svg|center|90x90px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphandla&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;{{Multiple image|image1=Cattedrale_di_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore_–_Il_Duomo_di_Firenze.jpg|image2=Piazza_della_signoria,_palazzo_vecchio,_veduta_01.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaNgcwele Maria del Fiore|caption2=Palazzo Vecchio|image3=Palazzo_Pitti_nel_tardo_pomeriggio.jpg|caption3=Palazzo Pitti|perrow=2|image4='David'_by_Michelangelo_JBU05.JPG|caption4=uDavide eklanywe nguMichaelangelo|image5=Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Palazzo_dell'Arcone_di_Piazza,_data_1895,_dopo_restauri_2022,_01.jpg|caption5=Piazza della Repubblica|image6=Firenze,_loggia_dei_lanzi_(2020)_03.jpg|caption6=Loggia dei Lanzi|total_width=300|align=center|caption_align=center}}&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Map of comune of Florence (province of Florence, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|center|frameless|259x259px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Iziteketiso'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;La culla del Rinascimento (Umbheleko weRinascimento)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Indawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[iTaliya]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isifundazwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;eThoskano&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isidlavela'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;uFirenze&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umsunguli'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iNkosi uRomulus (21 kaMbasa 735 BC)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umhlaba'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;102.32 km2&lt;/small&gt; 
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ukuphakama'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;50m ngaphezu kolwandle&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umnotho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezingama-36.097 EUR&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo okomuntu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;€35,642&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Abantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;361,625&lt;/small&gt;
|}
'''uFirenze''' uy[[isidlavela]] [[Isimondawo esingokwemvelo|esiyisiqongo]] kanye se[[Isifundazwe|sifundazwe]] saseThoskano e[[ITaliya|Taliya]]. Inenani labantu ebayizi-361,625. Lokhu kuwenza isidlavela esesishiyagalombili ngenani labantu ezweni kanye nelokuqala ngenani labantu esifundazweni esikuso. Isifunda esibizwa ngegama elifanaya lapho lesidlavela sikuso sinenani labantu abayizi-988,494. iEurostat iqagela ukuthi kuhlala abantu abayizi-696,767 endaweni eyakhiwe ezungeze uFirenze. iNdawo yesiDlavelakazi saseFirenze, ePrato nasePistoia siqukatha ubungakho bendawo ubundlula amakhilomitha skwele ayizi-4,800 nenani labantu abayizigidi ezi-1.5.

uFirenze wayeyinkaba yohwebo nezemali eYurophu kanye nezidlavela ezazinothe kakhulu kuleyankathi. Abongqondonkulu abaningi bayibona njengesibeletho seRinascimento (ngesiNgisi: ''Renaissance''; ngesiZulu: iNkathi yeMvuselelo) ekuholele ekutheni ibeyinkaba yobuciko, usiko, uhwebo, umbusazwe, umnotho kanye nezemali eYurophu. Kulesikhathi uFirenze wayenethonya elikhulu eYurophu naphesheya. Umlando wayo wawuneziyaluyalu. Kwakubusa uMuzi kaMedici owawunethonya nengcebo enkulu eYurophu. Futhi kwakunemivukelambuso okomnotho nokwentandoyeningi. Kusukela 1865 ku 1871, lesidlavela sasiyisiqonga soMbuso waseTaliya. Ulimi lwaseFirenze luyisisekela solwimi oluvamile lwesiTaliya kanye nolwimi lwosiko eTaliya ngenxa yodumo lwobucikomazwi kaDante Alighieri, uPetrarch, uGiovanni Boccaccio, uNiccolo Machiavelli kanye noFrancesco Guicciardini. 

uFirenze utholakala amakhilomitha angama-275 enyakatho-ntshonalanga kwe[[IRoma|Roma]]. uFirenze uheha abahambi abayizigidi ngonyaka futhi iNkaba eNdala yakwaFirenze iyisiZinda seFagugu soMhlaba ngokwe-UNESCO. uFirenze inenqwaba yemitapomlando nezakhiwosikhumbuzo ikakhulu zeRinascimento isib. umtapozithombe ka-Uffizi nomtapomlando kaPalazzo Pitti. Ngenxa yefagugu lobuciko, umklamozakhiwo nomlando wawo iForbes iwubike esinye sezidlavela eziqhakanjisweyo ngobuhle emhlabeni ngezi-2010. uFirenze ufeza iqhaza elikhulu kwezobucikokugqoka baseTaliya futhi useleshumi nanhlanu ngokweGlobal Language Monitor ngethonya okobucikokugqoka.</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130676</id>
      <parentid>130672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:31:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
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{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |uFirenze
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of Florence.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|[[File:FlorenceCoA.svg|center|90x90px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphandla&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;{{Multiple image|image1=Cattedrale_di_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore_–_Il_Duomo_di_Firenze.jpg|image2=Piazza_della_signoria,_palazzo_vecchio,_veduta_01.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaNgcwele Maria del Fiore|caption2=Palazzo Vecchio|image3=Palazzo_Pitti_nel_tardo_pomeriggio.jpg|caption3=Palazzo Pitti|perrow=2|image4='David'_by_Michelangelo_JBU05.JPG|caption4=uDavide eklanywe nguMichaelangelo|image5=Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Palazzo_dell'Arcone_di_Piazza,_data_1895,_dopo_restauri_2022,_01.jpg|caption5=Piazza della Repubblica|image6=Firenze,_loggia_dei_lanzi_(2020)_03.jpg|caption6=Loggia dei Lanzi|total_width=300|align=center|caption_align=center}}&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Map of comune of Florence (province of Florence, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|center|frameless|259x259px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Iziteketiso'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;La culla del Rinascimento (Umbheleko weRinascimento)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Indawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[iTaliya]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isifundazwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;eThoskano&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isidlavela'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;uFirenze&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umsunguli'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iNkosi uRomulus (21 kaMbasa 735 BC)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umhlaba'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;102.32 km2&lt;/small&gt; 
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ukuphakama'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;50m ngaphezu kolwandle&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umnotho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezingama-36.097 EUR&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo okomuntu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;€35,642&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Abantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;361,625&lt;/small&gt;
|}
{{Lowercase title}}

'''uFirenze''' uy[[isidlavela]] [[Isimondawo esingokwemvelo|esiyisiqongo]] kanye se[[Isifundazwe|sifundazwe]] saseThoskano e[[ITaliya|Taliya]]. Inenani labantu ebayizi-361,625. Lokhu kuwenza isidlavela esesishiyagalombili ngenani labantu ezweni kanye nelokuqala ngenani labantu esifundazweni esikuso. Isifunda esibizwa ngegama elifanaya lapho lesidlavela sikuso sinenani labantu abayizi-988,494. iEurostat iqagela ukuthi kuhlala abantu abayizi-696,767 endaweni eyakhiwe ezungeze uFirenze. iNdawo yesiDlavelakazi saseFirenze, ePrato nasePistoia siqukatha ubungakho bendawo ubundlula amakhilomitha skwele ayizi-4,800 nenani labantu abayizigidi ezi-1.5.

uFirenze wayeyinkaba yohwebo nezemali eYurophu kanye nezidlavela ezazinothe kakhulu kuleyankathi. Abongqondonkulu abaningi bayibona njengesibeletho seRinascimento (ngesiNgisi: ''Renaissance''; nge[[IsiZulu|siZulu]]: iNkathi yeMvuselelo) ekuholele ekutheni ibeyinkaba yo[[Ubuciko|buciko]], usiko, [[uhwebo]], [[Ezombusazwe|umbusazwe]], [[Ezomnotho|umnotho]] kanye nezemali e[[IYurophu|Yurophu]]. Kulesikhathi uFirenze wayenethonya elikhulu eYurophu naphesheya. Umlando wayo wawuneziyaluyalu. Kwakubusa uMuzi kaMedici owawunethonya nengcebo enkulu eYurophu. Futhi kwakunemivukelambuso okomnotho nokwentandoyeningi. Kusukela 1865 ku 1871, lesidlavela sasiyisiqonga soMbuso waseTaliya. Ulimi lwaseFirenze luyisisekela solwimi oluvamile lwesiTaliya kanye nolwimi lwosiko eTaliya ngenxa yodumo lwo[[Ubucikomazwi|bucikomazwi]] kaDante Alighieri, uPetrarch, uGiovanni Boccaccio, uNiccolo Machiavelli kanye noFrancesco Guicciardini. 

uFirenze utholakala amakhilomitha angama-275 enyakatho-ntshonalanga kwe[[IRoma|Roma]]. uFirenze uheha abahambi abayizigidi ngonyaka futhi iNkaba eNdala yakwaFirenze iyisiZinda seFagugu soMhlaba ngokwe-UNESCO. uFirenze inenqwaba yemitapomlando nezakhiwosikhumbuzo ikakhulu zeRinascimento isib. umtapozithombe ka-Uffizi nomtapomlando kaPalazzo Pitti. Ngenxa yefagugu lobuciko, umklamozakhiwo nomlando wawo iForbes iwubike esinye sezidlavela eziqhakanjisweyo ngobuhle emhlabeni ngezi-2010. uFirenze ufeza iqhaza elikhulu kwezobucikokugqoka baseTaliya futhi useleshumi nanhlanu ngokweGlobal Language Monitor ngethonya okobucikokugqoka.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130689</id>
      <parentid>130676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:01:00Z</timestamp>
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        <id>13909</id>
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{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |uFirenze
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of Florence.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|[[File:FlorenceCoA.svg|center|90x90px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphandla&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;small&gt;{{Multiple image|image1=Cattedrale_di_Santa_Maria_del_Fiore_–_Il_Duomo_di_Firenze.jpg|image2=Piazza_della_signoria,_palazzo_vecchio,_veduta_01.jpg|caption1=Inhlokosonto kaNgcwele Maria del Fiore|caption2=Palazzo Vecchio|image3=Palazzo_Pitti_nel_tardo_pomeriggio.jpg|caption3=Palazzo Pitti|perrow=2|image4='David'_by_Michelangelo_JBU05.JPG|caption4=uDavide eklanywe nguMichaelangelo|image5=Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Palazzo_dell'Arcone_di_Piazza,_data_1895,_dopo_restauri_2022,_01.jpg|caption5=Piazza della Repubblica|image6=Firenze,_loggia_dei_lanzi_(2020)_03.jpg|caption6=Loggia dei Lanzi|total_width=300|align=center|caption_align=center}}&lt;/small&gt;
[[File:Map of comune of Florence (province of Florence, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|center|frameless|259x259px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Iziteketiso'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;La culla del Rinascimento (Umbheleko weRinascimento)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Indawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[iTaliya]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isifundazwe'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;eThoskano&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isidlavela'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;uFirenze&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umsunguli'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iNkosi uRomulus (21 kaMbasa 735 BC)&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umhlaba'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;102.32 km2&lt;/small&gt; 
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ukuphakama'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;50m ngaphezu kolwandle&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Umnotho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezingama-36.097 EUR&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umkhiqizo okomuntu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;€35,642&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;color:black; text-align:center; background-color:#90D5FF&quot; |&lt;small&gt;'''Abantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;361,625&lt;/small&gt;
|}
{{Lowercase title}}

'''uFirenze''' uy[[isidlavela]] [[Isimondawo esingokwemvelo|esiyisiqongo]] kanye se[[Isifundazwe|sifundazwe]] saseThoskano e[[ITaliya|Taliya]]. Inenani labantu ebayizi-361,625. Lokhu kuwenza isidlavela esesishiyagalombili ngenani labantu ezweni kanye nelokuqala ngenani labantu esifundazweni esikuso. Isifunda esibizwa ngegama elifanaya lapho lesidlavela sikuso sinenani labantu abayizi-988,494. iEurostat iqagela ukuthi kuhlala abantu abayizi-696,767 endaweni eyakhiwe ezungeze uFirenze. iNdawo yesiDlavelakazi saseFirenze, ePrato nasePistoia siqukatha ubungakho bendawo ubundlula amakhilomitha skwele ayizi-4,800 nenani labantu abayizigidi ezi-1.5.

uFirenze wayeyinkaba yohwebo nezemali eYurophu kanye nezidlavela ezazinothe kakhulu kuleyankathi. Abongqondonkulu abaningi bayibona njengesibeletho seRinascimento (ngesiNgisi: ''Renaissance''; nge[[IsiZulu|siZulu]]: iNkathi yeMvuselelo) ekuholele ekutheni ibeyinkaba yo[[Ubuciko|buciko]], usiko, [[uhwebo]], [[Ezombusazwe|umbusazwe]], [[Ezomnotho|umnotho]] kanye nezemali e[[IYurophu|Yurophu]]. Kulesikhathi uFirenze wayenethonya elikhulu eYurophu naphesheya. Umlando wayo wawuneziyaluyalu. Kwakubusa uMuzi kaMedici owawunethonya nengcebo enkulu eYurophu. Futhi kwakunemivukelambuso okomnotho nokwentandoyeningi. Kusukela 1865 ku 1871, lesidlavela sasiyisiqonga soMbuso waseTaliya. Ulimi lwaseFirenze luyisisekela solwimi oluvamile lwesiTaliya kanye nolwimi lwosiko eTaliya ngenxa yodumo lwo[[Ubucikomazwi|bucikomazwi]] kaDante Alighieri, uPetrarch, uGiovanni Boccaccio, uNiccolo Machiavelli kanye noFrancesco Guicciardini. 

uFirenze utholakala amakhilomitha angama-275 enyakatho-ntshonalanga kwe[[IRoma|Roma]]. uFirenze uheha abahambi abayizigidi ngonyaka futhi iNkaba eNdala yakwaFirenze iy[[ISiza Sefagugu Lomhlaba|isiZinda seFagugu soMhlaba]] ngokwe-UNESCO. uFirenze inenqwaba yemitapomlando nezakhiwosikhumbuzo ikakhulu zeRinascimento isib. umtapozithombe ka-Uffizi nomtapomlando kaPalazzo Pitti. Ngenxa yefagugu lobuciko, umklamozakhiwo nomlando wawo iForbes iwubike esinye sezidlavela eziqhakanjisweyo ngobuhle emhlabeni ngezi-2010. uFirenze ufeza iqhaza elikhulu kwezobucikokugqoka baseTaliya futhi useleshumi nanhlanu ngokweGlobal Language Monitor ngethonya okobucikokugqoka.</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inhloko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35799</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130675</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:29:25Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Pononoza</username>
        <id>25455</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Inhloko [[File:Nishi tribal lightened.jpg|thumb|Inhloko]]  '''Inhloko''' iyingxenye [[ebalulekile]] yomzimba womuntu. Itholakala phezulu emzimbeni futhi ihlanganisa izitho ezibalulekile ezisiza umuntu ukuba aphile futhi asebenze kahle. Phakathi kwezitho ezitholakala enhlokweni kukhona ubuchopho, amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala nomlomo. Lezi zitho zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu.  Ubuchopho buyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala ngaphakathi kogebh...&quot;</comment>
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[[File:Nishi tribal lightened.jpg|thumb|Inhloko]]

'''Inhloko''' iyingxenye [[ebalulekile]] yomzimba womuntu. Itholakala phezulu emzimbeni futhi ihlanganisa izitho ezibalulekile ezisiza umuntu ukuba aphile futhi asebenze kahle. Phakathi kwezitho ezitholakala enhlokweni kukhona ubuchopho, amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala nomlomo. Lezi zitho zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu.

Ubuchopho buyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu etholakala ngaphakathi kogebhezi lwekhanda. Buphethe imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njengokucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukufunda, ukukhuluma nokulawula ukunyakaza komzimba. Amehlo wona asiza umuntu ukuba abone izinto ezimzungezile. Izindlebe zisiza ekuzweni imisindo nasekugcineni ibhalansi yomzimba.

Ikhala lisiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule futhi lizwe iphunga lezinto ezahlukene. Umlomo nawo unendima enkulu ngoba usetshenziselwa ukudla, ukuphuza, ukukhuluma nokuphefumula. Amazinyo nolimi kutholakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni futhi kusiza ekugayeni nasekuhlafuneni ukudla kanye nasekukhulumeni.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela inhloko ukuze umuntu ahlale enempilo. Umuntu kufanele agcine izinwele nesikhumba sekhanda kuhlanzekile, agweme ukulimala ekhanda futhi afune usizo lwezempilo uma enokulimala noma ubuhlungu obungajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, inhloko iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba futhi kufanele siyinakekele njalo.

== Izinkomba ==
World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Brain health. World Health Organization.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Human body: Head and neck. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

OpenStax. (2022). Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax, Rice University.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (2024). Brain basics. National Institutes of Health.
[[Category:Ebalulekile]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukugawulwa kwenyama yengulube</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35800</id>
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      <id>130679</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:39:08Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ShanduMm</username>
        <id>25498</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368743253|Pork chop]]&quot;</comment>
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I-pork chop yengulube iyisiqeshana esiwugqinsi senyama esikhishwe engulubeni yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi esiseduze nombambo futhi ngokuvamile sidliwa nayo. Ingaphekwa ngezindlela eziningi, elula kakhulu ithosiwe noma ukugazingwa, ivuliwe noma imbozwe ngofulawa bese icwiliswa eqandeni nasemaqophelweni esinkwa. Izinhlanganisela eziningi zemifino, izithelo, izinongo kanye nakhambi ziphekwa nama-pork chop ekudleni kwamazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise i-Austria, iBrithani, iChina, iFrance, iGermany, i-Italy, iSpain kanye ne-US. 

Nakuba inyama yengulube yayithandwa ezikhathini zasendulo nezangenkathi ephakathi, kwaze kwaba ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye lapho inyama yengulubo yathandwa khona. Izindlela zesimanje okuzalanisa zisho ukuthi awusadingeki ezindaweni zokuhlanzeka kokudla ukupheka ingulube, kufaka phakathi ama-pork chop, inqobo nje uma kusetshenziswa umphumela omnandi onamanzi ungatholakala.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Isiphandla samaZulu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130680</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T21:39:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added cites</comment>
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== Isiphandla samaZULU ==
'''Isiphandla'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; yibhande noma umdweshu ogqokwa esihlakaleni futhi onendawo ebalulekile emikhubeni nasemasikweni athile abantu abangamaZulu. Igama elithi ''isiphandla'' lisetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluchaza amasiko abantu baseNingizimu Afrika. (NCBI)

=== Ukwenziwa kwesiphandla ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesiphandla. Olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngomdweshana owelukwe ngotshani bese lugqokwa esihlakaleni. UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika uchaza ukuthi ubuhle balolu hlobo buhlobene nekhono lomuntu olulukayo. (Department of Basic Education)

Kukhona nesiphandla esenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esihlatshiwe emcimbini wesintu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngamasiko esiZulu luchaza isiphandla njengengxenye yesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswa emcimbini wokwenza umhlatshelo. (ResearchSpace)

==== Isiphandla emicimbini yesintu ====
Isiphandla singahambisana nemicimbi yesintu efana '''nembeleko'''. Embelekweni, ingane yethulwa emndenini nasemadlozini, kanti isiphandla singenziwa ngesikhumba sesilwane esisetshenziswe emcimbini. I-Ulwazi Programme ichaza ukuthi eminye imindeni yenza isiphandla sengane ngesikhumba sembuzi esetshenziswe embelekweni. (Ulwazi Programme)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ucwaningo lwaseNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali luchaza ukuthi isiphandla singasebenza njengophawu lokuhlonipha nokuxhumana namadlozi ngaphakathi komkhuba othile wesiZulu. Ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi imikhuba yesintu ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. (ResearchSpace)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Isiphandla njengesibonakaliso sesiko =====
Isiphandla singaba uphawu lokuthi umuntu noma umndeni ubambe iqhaza emcimbini othile wesintu. Incazelo yaso ayifani kuzo zonke izimo noma kuyo yonke imindeni, ngoba amasiko nemikhuba ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni nemiphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imithombo yesimanje ichaza ukuthi isiphandla sisasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo njengenye yezimpawu ezihlobene namasiko nobudlelwano bomndeni namadlozi. (SAnews)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Makunga |first=Nomahlubi |last2=Thwala |first2=Jabulani |last3=Edwards |first3=Stephen |date=2011-01-01 |title=The Meanings of an Animal Wristband (isiphandla) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288743949_The_Meanings_of_an_Animal_Wristband_isiphandla_in_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Africa |journal=Journal of Psychology in Africa |volume=21 |pages=371–373 |doi=10.1080/14330237.2011.10820470}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukusetshenziswa kwanamuhla ======
Isiphandla sisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNingizimu Afrika ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwaso emicimbini yesintu, kuhlanganise nembeleko. (SAnews)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokho, indlela isiphandla esisetshenziswa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni. Ngakho-ke, incazelo ethile yesiphandla kufanele iqondwe ngokubheka umcimbi, umndeni kanye nesiko elihambisana naso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-17|title=The Meaning of an Animal Wristband (Isiphandla) in Zulu Culture - Right for Education|url=https://rightforeducation.org/2024/03/17/the-meaning-animal-wristband/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==

# UMnyango Wezemfundo waseNingizimu Afrika. ''IsiZulu Ulimi Lwasekhaya (HL), National Senior Certificate, 2024''. (Department of Basic Education)
# Ngcongo, Thobile. ''Orality and Transformation in Zulu Ceremonies: Tradition in Transition''. University of KwaZulu-Natal. (ResearchSpace)
# NCBI Bookshelf. ''Wearing of artefacts for preventive and promotive care: An African indigenous practice of go thekga during infancy''. (NCBI)
# Ulwazi Programme. ''What's in a Name?'' (Ulwazi Programme)
# South African Government. ''Embracing our heritage''. SAnews. (SAnews)
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Zulu Traditional]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>UBumbano wase-Afrika</title>
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{{Lowercase title}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |uBumbano wase-Afrika
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of the African Union.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:African Union (orthographic projection).svg|center|frameless|250x250px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isiqubulo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;i-Afrika ebumbene enamandla&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inkondlo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;iNkondlo yoBumbano waseAfrika&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Amazwe angamalunga'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;55&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izilwimi ezisemthethweni'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Isiqongo]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''uSihlalo woBumbano'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Évariste Ndayishimiye&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|'''uSihlalo weKhomishini'''
|&lt;small&gt;Mahamoud Ali Youssouf&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isishayamthetho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iPhalamende ye-Afrika Jikelele&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;29,922,059 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani labantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezi-1,5&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|
* &lt;small&gt;uMqulu we-OAU: 25 kaNdasa 1963&lt;/small&gt;
* uMvumelwano wase-Abuja: 3 kaNhlangulana 1991
* &lt;small&gt;isiMemezelo saseSirte: 9 kaMandulo 1999&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;Indawo yase-Afrika yoHwebo oluKhulukile: 1 kaMasingane 2021&lt;/small&gt;
|}
'''uBumbano wase-Afrika''' (isifingqo: AU) uyinhlangano yamazwe angama-55 ase-[[Afrika]]. Ukusungulwa kwoBumbano wase-Afrika kumenyezelwe eSirte e[[ILibhiya|Libya]] ngo mhla 2 kaMandulo 1999. Ngo mhla 9 kaNhlangulana 2002 inhlangano yacijwa [[eThekwini]], [[eNingizimu Afrika]]. Inhloso yoBumbano wase-Afrika yayingukufeza iqhaza leNhlangano yoBumbano wase-Afrika eyayisungulwe ngo mhla 25 kaNdasa 1963 e-Addis Ababa eTiyopia ngamazwe angama-32. i-OAU yachithwa mhla kusungulwa uBumbano. Izinqumo ezimqoka ze-AU zenziwa yisiGungu soBumbano wase-Afrika esiqukatha izinhloko zamazwe ase-Afrika esihlangana kabili ngonyaka. 

Isiphathihlelo soBumbano wase-Afrika sihleli e-[[Addis Ababa]]. [[Isidlavela]] esinkulu kunazo zonke yi-Lagos e[[INigeria|Nayija]] kepha indawo eyakhiwe enkulu ukuwandlula wonke yi-Al Qahirah [[eGibithe]]. uBumbano wase-Afrika unenani labantu elenqa izigidigidi ezi-1.5 futhi uqukatha izizinda eziqhakanjisiweyo njengoMfula Nile kanye negwadule yase-Sahara. Izilwimi ezisebenziswayo eziphambili ziy[[isi-Arabhu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiFulenshi]], [[isiPutukezi]], [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] kanye ne[[Kiswahili|siSwahili]]. Ngaphakathi kwoBumbano kunezimpiko ezisemthethweni njengoMkhandlu wokuThula nezoPhepho kanye nePhalamende yase-Afrika Jikelele. uBumbano uyilunga le-G20.</text>
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{{Lowercase title}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |uBumbano wase-Afrika
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of the African Union.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:African Union (orthographic projection).svg|center|frameless|250x250px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isiqubulo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;i-Afrika ebumbene enamandla&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inkondlo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;iNkondlo yoBumbano waseAfrika&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Amazwe angamalunga'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;55&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izilwimi ezisemthethweni'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Isiqongo]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''uSihlalo woBumbano'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Évariste Ndayishimiye&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''uSihlalo weKhomishini'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Mahamoud Ali Youssouf&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isishayamthetho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iPhalamende ye-Afrika Jikelele&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;29,922,059 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani labantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezi-1,5&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|
* &lt;small&gt;uMqulu we-OAU: 25 kaNdasa 1963&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;uMvumelwano wase-Abuja: 3 kaNhlangulana 1991&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;isiMemezelo saseSirte: 9 kaMandulo 1999&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;Indawo yase-Afrika yoHwebo oluKhulukile: 1 kaMasingane 2021&lt;/small&gt;
|}
'''uBumbano wase-Afrika''' (isifingqo: AU) uyinhlangano yamazwe angama-55 ase-[[Afrika]]. Ukusungulwa kwoBumbano wase-Afrika kumenyezelwe eSirte e[[ILibhiya|Libya]] ngo mhla 2 kaMandulo 1999. Ngo mhla 9 kaNhlangulana 2002 inhlangano yacijwa [[eThekwini]], [[eNingizimu Afrika]]. Inhloso yoBumbano wase-Afrika yayingukufeza iqhaza leNhlangano yoBumbano wase-Afrika eyayisungulwe ngo mhla 25 kaNdasa 1963 e-Addis Ababa eTiyopia ngamazwe angama-32. i-OAU yachithwa mhla kusungulwa uBumbano. Izinqumo ezimqoka ze-AU zenziwa yisiGungu soBumbano wase-Afrika esiqukatha izinhloko zamazwe ase-Afrika esihlangana kabili ngonyaka. 

Isiphathihlelo soBumbano wase-Afrika sihleli e-[[Addis Ababa]]. [[Isidlavela]] esinkulu kunazo zonke yi-Lagos e[[INigeria|Nayija]] kepha indawo eyakhiwe enkulu ukuwandlula wonke yi-Al Qahirah [[eGibithe]]. uBumbano wase-Afrika unenani labantu elenqa izigidigidi ezi-1.5 futhi uqukatha izizinda eziqhakanjisiweyo njengoMfula Nile kanye negwadule yase-Sahara. Izilwimi ezisebenziswayo eziphambili ziy[[isi-Arabhu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiFulenshi]], [[isiPutukezi]], [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] kanye ne[[Kiswahili|siSwahili]]. Ngaphakathi kwoBumbano kunezimpiko ezisemthethweni njengoMkhandlu wokuThula nezoPhepho kanye nePhalamende yase-Afrika Jikelele. uBumbano uyilunga le-G20.</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Mahlathamnyama moved page [[UBumbano waseAfrika]] to [[UBumbano wase-Afrika]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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{{Lowercase title}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right toptextcells&quot; style=&quot;width:350px; margin-top:0; font-size:90%;float:right&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |uBumbano wase-Afrika
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:Flag of the African Union.svg|center|165x165px]]&lt;small&gt;Isiphephezeli&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |[[File:African Union (orthographic projection).svg|center|frameless|250x250px]]&lt;small&gt;Ibalazwe&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isiqubulo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;i-Afrika ebumbene enamandla&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inkondlo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&quot;iNkondlo yoBumbano waseAfrika&quot;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Amazwe angamalunga'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;55&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Izilwimi ezisemthethweni'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''[[Isiqongo]]'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;[[Addis Ababa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''uSihlalo woBumbano'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Évariste Ndayishimiye&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''uSihlalo weKhomishini'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Mahamoud Ali Youssouf&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Isishayamthetho'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;iPhalamende ye-Afrika Jikelele&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Ubungakho bendawo'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;29,922,059 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Inani labantu'''&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;Izigidigidi ezi-1,5&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;'''Umlando'''&lt;/small&gt;
|
* &lt;small&gt;uMqulu we-OAU: 25 kaNdasa 1963&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;uMvumelwano wase-Abuja: 3 kaNhlangulana 1991&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;isiMemezelo saseSirte: 9 kaMandulo 1999&lt;/small&gt;
* &lt;small&gt;Indawo yase-Afrika yoHwebo oluKhulukile: 1 kaMasingane 2021&lt;/small&gt;
|}
'''uBumbano wase-Afrika''' (isifingqo: AU) uyinhlangano yamazwe angama-55 ase-[[Afrika]]. Ukusungulwa kwoBumbano wase-Afrika kumenyezelwe eSirte e[[ILibhiya|Libya]] ngo mhla 2 kaMandulo 1999. Ngo mhla 9 kaNhlangulana 2002 inhlangano yacijwa [[eThekwini]], [[eNingizimu Afrika]]. Inhloso yoBumbano wase-Afrika yayingukufeza iqhaza leNhlangano yoBumbano wase-Afrika eyayisungulwe ngo mhla 25 kaNdasa 1963 e-Addis Ababa eTiyopia ngamazwe angama-32. i-OAU yachithwa mhla kusungulwa uBumbano. Izinqumo ezimqoka ze-AU zenziwa yisiGungu soBumbano wase-Afrika esiqukatha izinhloko zamazwe ase-Afrika esihlangana kabili ngonyaka. 

Isiphathihlelo soBumbano wase-Afrika sihleli e-[[Addis Ababa]]. [[Isidlavela]] esinkulu kunazo zonke yi-Lagos e[[INigeria|Nayija]] kepha indawo eyakhiwe enkulu ukuwandlula wonke yi-Al Qahirah [[eGibithe]]. uBumbano wase-Afrika unenani labantu elenqa izigidigidi ezi-1.5 futhi uqukatha izizinda eziqhakanjisiweyo njengoMfula Nile kanye negwadule yase-Sahara. Izilwimi ezisebenziswayo eziphambili ziy[[isi-Arabhu]], [[isiNgisi]], [[isiFulenshi]], [[isiPutukezi]], [[IsiSpeyini|isiSpaniya]] kanye ne[[Kiswahili|siSwahili]]. Ngaphakathi kwoBumbano kunezimpiko ezisemthethweni njengoMkhandlu wokuThula nezoPhepho kanye nePhalamende yase-Afrika Jikelele. uBumbano uyilunga le-G20.</text>
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    <title>Idolobhana (iNingizimu Afrika)</title>
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[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|E-Ningizimu Afrika]] amagama athi township ne-place avame ukubhekisela endaweni yasemadolobheni engathuthukile, ehlukaniswe ngokobuhlanga, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube sekupheleni [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|Ubandlululo]] okwakugcinelwe abangebona abamhlophe okungukuthi abantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika, eKapa kanye namandiya aseNingizimu Afrika.  Amadolobhana ngokuvamile ayesakhiwa emaphethelweni edolobha.&lt;ref name=&quot;pettman-298&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pettman |first=Charles |year=1913 |title=Africanderisms; a glossary of South African colloquial words and phrases and of place and other names |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924026563795#page/n319/mode/2up |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |page=298}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences |url=https://ccs.ukzn.ac.za/files/Bond%20Townships.pdf |page=406}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi township liphinde libe incazelo engokomthetho ehlukile ohlelweni lwezwe laseNingizimu Afrika olungenayo incazelo yobuhlanga.

Amadolobhana abantu abangebona abamhlophe ayebizwa nangokuthi ''izindawo'' noma ama-Laxes ngesi-Afrikaans futhi avame ukubizwa kanjalo emadolobheni amancane. Igama lesiNgisi elithi &quot;'''kasie''' / kasi&quot; inguquko emfushane ethandwayo elithi &quot;'''I-Lokasia'''&quot; nalo lalisetshenziswa. Amadolobhana ngezinye izikhathi anezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala ezingekho endaweni eseduze.
[[Category:Amalokishi eRiphabliki waseNingizimu Afrika]]</text>
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    <title>UBumbano waseAfrika</title>
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      <comment>Mahlathamnyama moved page [[UBumbano waseAfrika]] to [[UBumbano wase-Afrika]]: Misspelled title</comment>
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      <text bytes="34" sha1="tt211z1j6fpvsydfegmkcsrs17jkkfj" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[UBumbano wase-Afrika]]</text>
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    <title>User:Lowndiey DRAFT2</title>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
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      <comment>write an article</comment>
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= Ingulube =
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ==
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

== Izici zomzimba ==
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukudla ==
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Indawo yokuhlala ==
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukuzalana ==
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.

== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ==
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)

== Izingulube zasendle ==
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ==
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)

== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ==
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
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== Ingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ==
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

== Izici zomzimba ==
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukudla ==
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Indawo yokuhlala ==
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukuzalana ==
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.

== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ==
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)

== Izingulube zasendle ==
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ==
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)

== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ==
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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      <comment>added a sub-headings</comment>
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== Ingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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== Ingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Definition of PIG|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pig|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boudreau|first=Sarah|title=Visible Body’s Visual Guide to Pig Anatomy|url=https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/visible-biologys-visual-guide-to-pig-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.visiblebody.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anonymous|date=2023-08-31|title=What Do Pigs Eat? Understanding Swine Diets and Nutrition {{!}} CLEAR Center|url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/swine-and-how-they-eat|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=clear.ucdavis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Hannah|date=2021-06-16|title=Here’s Where Pigs Live Around the World|url=https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/heres-where-pigs-live-around-world/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=World Animal Protection US|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Justin|date=2022-10-09|title=Birthing Piglets - What You Need to Know|url=https://abundantpermaculture.com/birthing-piglets-what-you-need-to-know/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Abundant Permaculture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pork and Pig Farming – Agribook Digital|url=https://www.agribook.co.za/pork/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bengsen |first=Andrew J. |last2=Saunders |first2=Glen |last3=Mitchell |first3=Justin |last4=Pearson |first4=Hayley E. |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts and management of wild pigs Sus scrofa in Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/26401105/Impacts_and_management_of_wild_pigs_Sus_scrofa_in_Australia |journal=Mammal Review |doi=10.1111/MAM.12011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wild Pigs|url=https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/land-and-animal-invertebrates/wild-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Invasive Species Centre|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rotecna|title=Growth and opportunities for South African pigs|url=https://www.rotecna.com/en/blog/growth-and-opportunities-for-south-african-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.rotecna.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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== Ingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Definition of PIG|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pig|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boudreau|first=Sarah|title=Visible Body’s Visual Guide to Pig Anatomy|url=https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/visible-biologys-visual-guide-to-pig-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.visiblebody.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anonymous|date=2023-08-31|title=What Do Pigs Eat? Understanding Swine Diets and Nutrition {{!}} CLEAR Center|url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/swine-and-how-they-eat|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=clear.ucdavis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Hannah|date=2021-06-16|title=Here’s Where Pigs Live Around the World|url=https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/heres-where-pigs-live-around-world/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=World Animal Protection US|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Justin|date=2022-10-09|title=Birthing Piglets - What You Need to Know|url=https://abundantpermaculture.com/birthing-piglets-what-you-need-to-know/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Abundant Permaculture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
[[File:Pig Farming, Cold Kirby Lane - geograph.org.uk - 117362.jpg|thumb|ukufuywa kwezingulube]]
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pork and Pig Farming – Agribook Digital|url=https://www.agribook.co.za/pork/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bengsen |first=Andrew J. |last2=Saunders |first2=Glen |last3=Mitchell |first3=Justin |last4=Pearson |first4=Hayley E. |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts and management of wild pigs Sus scrofa in Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/26401105/Impacts_and_management_of_wild_pigs_Sus_scrofa_in_Australia |journal=Mammal Review |doi=10.1111/MAM.12011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg|thumb|izingulube zasendle]]
Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wild Pigs|url=https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/land-and-animal-invertebrates/wild-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Invasive Species Centre|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rotecna|title=Growth and opportunities for South African pigs|url=https://www.rotecna.com/en/blog/growth-and-opportunities-for-south-african-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.rotecna.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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      <id>130709</id>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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      <comment>added a photo</comment>
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== Ingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Definition of PIG|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pig|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boudreau|first=Sarah|title=Visible Body’s Visual Guide to Pig Anatomy|url=https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/visible-biologys-visual-guide-to-pig-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.visiblebody.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)
[[File:Pig farm Vampula 9.jpg|thumb|izingulube zibuye zidle udaka ]]
Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anonymous|date=2023-08-31|title=What Do Pigs Eat? Understanding Swine Diets and Nutrition {{!}} CLEAR Center|url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/swine-and-how-they-eat|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=clear.ucdavis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Hannah|date=2021-06-16|title=Here’s Where Pigs Live Around the World|url=https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/heres-where-pigs-live-around-world/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=World Animal Protection US|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Justin|date=2022-10-09|title=Birthing Piglets - What You Need to Know|url=https://abundantpermaculture.com/birthing-piglets-what-you-need-to-know/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Abundant Permaculture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
[[File:Pig Farming, Cold Kirby Lane - geograph.org.uk - 117362.jpg|thumb|ukufuywa kwezingulube]]
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pork and Pig Farming – Agribook Digital|url=https://www.agribook.co.za/pork/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bengsen |first=Andrew J. |last2=Saunders |first2=Glen |last3=Mitchell |first3=Justin |last4=Pearson |first4=Hayley E. |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts and management of wild pigs Sus scrofa in Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/26401105/Impacts_and_management_of_wild_pigs_Sus_scrofa_in_Australia |journal=Mammal Review |doi=10.1111/MAM.12011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg|thumb|izingulube zasendle]]
Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wild Pigs|url=https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/land-and-animal-invertebrates/wild-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Invasive Species Centre|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rotecna|title=Growth and opportunities for South African pigs|url=https://www.rotecna.com/en/blog/growth-and-opportunities-for-south-african-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.rotecna.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Izikhombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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== Izinhlobo zezingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Definition of PIG|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pig|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boudreau|first=Sarah|title=Visible Body’s Visual Guide to Pig Anatomy|url=https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/visible-biologys-visual-guide-to-pig-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.visiblebody.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)
[[File:Pig farm Vampula 9.jpg|thumb|izingulube zibuye zidle udaka ]]
Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anonymous|date=2023-08-31|title=What Do Pigs Eat? Understanding Swine Diets and Nutrition {{!}} CLEAR Center|url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/swine-and-how-they-eat|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=clear.ucdavis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Hannah|date=2021-06-16|title=Here’s Where Pigs Live Around the World|url=https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/heres-where-pigs-live-around-world/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=World Animal Protection US|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Justin|date=2022-10-09|title=Birthing Piglets - What You Need to Know|url=https://abundantpermaculture.com/birthing-piglets-what-you-need-to-know/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Abundant Permaculture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
[[File:Pig Farming, Cold Kirby Lane - geograph.org.uk - 117362.jpg|thumb|ukufuywa kwezingulube]]
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pork and Pig Farming – Agribook Digital|url=https://www.agribook.co.za/pork/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bengsen |first=Andrew J. |last2=Saunders |first2=Glen |last3=Mitchell |first3=Justin |last4=Pearson |first4=Hayley E. |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts and management of wild pigs Sus scrofa in Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/26401105/Impacts_and_management_of_wild_pigs_Sus_scrofa_in_Australia |journal=Mammal Review |doi=10.1111/MAM.12011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg|thumb|izingulube zasendle]]
Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wild Pigs|url=https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/land-and-animal-invertebrates/wild-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Invasive Species Centre|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rotecna|title=Growth and opportunities for South African pigs|url=https://www.rotecna.com/en/blog/growth-and-opportunities-for-south-african-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.rotecna.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)

== Umthombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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      <comment>ngibhale ngomdlavuza womphimbo</comment>
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      <text bytes="4079" sha1="7zib97vx62a0boyvixc5xpxd54npf0l" xml:space="preserve">= Umdlavuza womphimbo =
Umdlavuza womphimbo kuwukukhula kwamangqamuzana okuqala emphimbweni. Umphimbo uyisitsha somzimba esiqala ngemuva komqala bese siqeda entanyeni. Umdlavuza womphimbo futhi uhlanganisa umdlavuza oqala ebhokisini lomsindo, elihlezi eceleni kwengxenye ephansi yomphimbo.Izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo zifaka ubuhlungu bomphimbo, ubuhlungu bezindlebe nokunzima ukuluma. Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomphimbo ethintekile.Ukulashwa komdlavuza womphimbo futhi kungahluka kuye ngendawo yomdlavuza. Izindlela zokwelashwa zingahlanganisa ukuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemsakazo. Imithi, efana ne-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy, nayo ingasetshenziswa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Throat cancer - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260926061327/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462 |archive-date=2026-09-26 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Udlavuza womlomo womphimbo uyigama elibanzi lomdlavuza oqala emphimboweni. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomhlaza womphimbo zibizwa ngokwesigaba somphimbo lapho ziqala khona.  Ngemuva komphimbo. Ingxenye yomphimbo esezindebeni zomphimbo ibizwa ngokuthi i-nasopharynx. Uhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza olenzeka kule ngxenye lubizwa ngokuthi i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma.  Ngemuva komlomo. Ingxenye yomphimbo emuva komlomo ibizwa ngokuthi i-oropharynx. Umhlaza ovela lapha ubizwa ngokuthi umhlaza we-oropharyngeal. Uhlanganisa umhlaza we-soft palate, umhlaza wetonsils nomhlaza ohlasela ingxenye yangemuva lolimi.  Ingxenye ephansi yomphimbo. Ingxenye ephansi yomphimbo, ngaphezulu kwe-esophagus nomsele womoya, ibizwa ngokuthi i-hypopharynx. Futhi ingase ibizwe ngokuthi i-laryngopharynx. Umhlaza ovela lapha ungalotshwa ngokuthi umhlaza we-hypopharyngeal noma umhlaza we-laryngopharyngeal.  Ibhokisi lomsindo. Ibhokisi lomsindo, futhi elibizwa ngokuthi i-larynx, lisendaweni eduze nengxenye ephansi yomphimbo. Ligcina imicu evocal eshayela umsindo lapho ukhuluma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Izimpawu nezibonakaliso zomdlavuza womphimbo ngokuvamile zihluka kumuntu nomuntu. Izibonakaliso nezimpawu ezivamile zomdlavuza womphimbo azicacile kakhulu. Akusilo lonke isigulane elizoveza zonke izimpawu zalem dlavuza lomphimbo, kodwa isigulane sivame ukuba nezimpawu ezisodwa noma ezimbili kukho okulandelayo:Ukushintsha kwezwi noma ukukhala kwezwi,Ukukhwehlela (okuvamile ukuthi kube isikhathi eside) ,Ubuhlungu bomphimbo (okuvamile ukuba buhlale buqhubeka)  ,Ukungakhululeki emphimbweni (ukuzizwa kukhona okuthile kubanjwe emphimbweni)  ;Ubunzima bokugwinya noma izinkinga zokugwinya ukudla okuthile ,Isixholo noma umhlathi entanyeni,  Ukulahlekelwa isisindo (okungenacala) , Ubunzima obuthile bokuphefumula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Survival Rate, Causes, Treatment, Prognosis|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/larynx_cancer/article.htm|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=MedicineNet|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Tumor Laryngis-01.jpg|thumb|umdlavuza womphimbo]]
Kuthiwa kanjani ukuthi umuntu unomdlavuza emqaleni? Umlando womuntu siqu (ikakhulukazi uma kunezinto ezingase zibe yingozi) kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba kunganikeza udokotela ulwazi olwanele olungamkhathaza, olwenza ukuthi acabange ukuthi umuntu angase abe nomdlavuza emqaleni. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angase aphakamise kakhulu ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze aqinisekise noma asuse ukuthi lowo mdlavuza ukhona yini.Yize izivivinyo zokubona ngaphakathi ezifana ne-CT, MRI, PET scan, kanye nezinye ezifana ne-X-rays yomphimbo, i-laryngoscopy, kanye nokudla okune-barium kunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu mayelana nobukhulu nokuthi umdlavuza usekuphi, ukuhlolwa okuqinisekile komdlavuza emqaleni kwenziwa ngokuthatha isampula yomdlavuza (biopsy). I-biopsy ingenziwa ngokusika ngesandla entanyeni, ukusebenzisa ummese omncane ukuvumba umdlavuza, noma i-endoscopic biopsy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

= Izinkomba =
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="3094" sha1="4q4hakumcychcuj4s85lq1a3ukvz31f" xml:space="preserve">'''USnova'''&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; mweq=&quot;&quot;&gt;I-Vusi Nova introduces his new alter ego 'Snova'&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/vusi-nova-introduces-his-new-alter-ego-snova-0d379a3b-a5ba-4560-9f64-f56aaa809ba6&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;publisher&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Independent&lt;/nowiki&gt; Online&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;2021-11-23&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;2021-11-17&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;first&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Oluthando&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Keteyi&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwvw\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt3\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFKeteyi2021\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Keteyi, Oluthando (November 17, 2021). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/vusi-nova-introduces-his-new-alter-ego-snova-0d379a3b-a5ba-4560-9f64-f56aaa809ba6\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Vusi Nova introduces his new alter ego 'Snova'\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Independent Online&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwg\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwww\&quot;&gt;November 23,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Vusi_Nova#cite_note-1 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; owazalwa ngu'''Vusimuzi Nongxa'''; 4 Meyi 1984&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Behind The Scenes With Vusi Nova – The Insider SA|url=https://theinsidersa.co.za/behind-the-scenes-with-vusi-nova/|accessdate=2021-11-19|publisher=The Insider SA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, owaziwa kakhulu ngegama lakhe langaphambili elithi Vusi Nova, ungumculi waseNingizimu Afrika. Wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eNew Brighton, [[Ibhayi|eGqeberha]], uNova wathuthela [[IGoli (idolobha)|eGoli]] ngo-1998 eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe emculweni futhi wasayina isivumelwano sokuqopha neMuthaland Records, wakhipha iWalk Into Light (2013) neDid It For Love (2014).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Modisane|first=Kgosi|date=2017-07-25|title=Vusi Nova: How music saved my life — The Citizen|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/how-music-saved-my-life/|accessdate=2021-12-06|publisher=The Citizen}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1984]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130786</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:02:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fongcwele moved page [[I-Vusi Nova]] to [[Vusi Nova]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3094" sha1="4q4hakumcychcuj4s85lq1a3ukvz31f" xml:space="preserve">'''USnova'''&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; mweq=&quot;&quot;&gt;I-Vusi Nova introduces his new alter ego 'Snova'&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/vusi-nova-introduces-his-new-alter-ego-snova-0d379a3b-a5ba-4560-9f64-f56aaa809ba6&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;publisher&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Independent&lt;/nowiki&gt; Online&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;2021-11-23&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;2021-11-17&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;first&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Oluthando&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Keteyi&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwvw\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt3\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFKeteyi2021\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Keteyi, Oluthando (November 17, 2021). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/vusi-nova-introduces-his-new-alter-ego-snova-0d379a3b-a5ba-4560-9f64-f56aaa809ba6\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Vusi Nova introduces his new alter ego 'Snova'\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Independent Online&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwwg\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwww\&quot;&gt;November 23,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Vusi_Nova#cite_note-1 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; owazalwa ngu'''Vusimuzi Nongxa'''; 4 Meyi 1984&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Behind The Scenes With Vusi Nova – The Insider SA|url=https://theinsidersa.co.za/behind-the-scenes-with-vusi-nova/|accessdate=2021-11-19|publisher=The Insider SA}}&lt;/ref&gt;, owaziwa kakhulu ngegama lakhe langaphambili elithi Vusi Nova, ungumculi waseNingizimu Afrika. Wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eNew Brighton, [[Ibhayi|eGqeberha]], uNova wathuthela [[IGoli (idolobha)|eGoli]] ngo-1998 eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe emculweni futhi wasayina isivumelwano sokuqopha neMuthaland Records, wakhipha iWalk Into Light (2013) neDid It For Love (2014).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Modisane|first=Kgosi|date=2017-07-25|title=Vusi Nova: How music saved my life — The Citizen|url=https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/how-music-saved-my-life/|accessdate=2021-12-06|publisher=The Citizen}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1984]]
[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]</text>
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    <title>Izinhlobo zezingulube</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-30T22:54:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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      <comment>added cites for article</comment>
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== Izinhlobo zezingulube ==
'''Ingulube''' iyisilwane esincelisayo esingaphansi komndeni we-'''Suidae'''. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izingulube ezifuywayo, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinye izilwane ezihlobene nazo. Izingulube zaziwa ngomzimba oqinile, ikhala elihambayo namazinyo athile angakhula abe amazinyo amakhulu agobile. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Definition of PIG|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pig|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube efuywayo ivame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olusuka engulubeni yasendle, ''Sus scrofa''. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwezingulube kwaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyedlule futhi kwaholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. (PubMed Central (PMC))&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pig farming {{!}} Agriculture and Agribusiness {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesayensi ===
Izingulube zingamalungu omndeni we-'''Suidae''', ongaphansi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Uhlobo ''Sus'' luhlanganisa ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pig farming {{!}} Agriculture and Agribusiness {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuhlukaniswa kwengulube kufaka:

* Umbuso: '''Animalia'''
* Isigaba: '''Mammalia'''
* Uhlelo: '''Artiodactyla'''
* Umndeni: '''Suidae'''
* Uhlobo: '''Sus'''

==== Izici zomzimba ====
Izingulube zivame ukuba nemizimba eqinile, imilenze emifushane kanye nesikhumba esinezinwele ezimbalwa noma eziningi kuye ngohlobo. Ikhala lazo lihamba kakhulu futhi lisetshenziswa ekufuneni nasekumbeleni ukudla. Izingulube zinezinselo, kanti amazinyo azo angahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngohlobo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Services|first=Local Land|date=2025-11-13|title=Pig nutrition {{!}} NSW Government|url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/regional-and-primary-industries/livestock/pigs/pig-nutrition|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.nsw.gov.au|publisher=NSW Government|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ingaba phakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu emndenini wezingulube. Ubukhulu bayo buyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ehlala kuyo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Boudreau|first=Sarah|title=Visible Body’s Visual Guide to Pig Anatomy|url=https://www.visiblebody.com/blog/visible-biologys-visual-guide-to-pig-anatomy|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.visiblebody.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudla =====
Izingulube ziyizilwane '''ezidla izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla'''. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingadla ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukudla kwazo kungahlanganisa izimpande, izithelo, imbewu, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, amaqanda nezinye izilwane ezincane. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Services|first=Local Land|date=2025-11-13|title=Pig nutrition {{!}} NSW Government|url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/regional-and-primary-industries/livestock/pigs/pig-nutrition|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.nsw.gov.au|publisher=NSW Government|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Pig_farm_Vampula_9.jpg|thumb|izingulube zibuye zidle udaka]]
Ikhala lengulube linendima ebalulekile ekufuneni ukudla. Ingulube ingase isebenzise ikhala layo ukumba emhlabathini ukuze ithole izimpande, izibungu nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Anonymous|date=2023-08-31|title=What Do Pigs Eat? Understanding Swine Diets and Nutrition {{!}} CLEAR Center|url=https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/swine-and-how-they-eat|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=clear.ucdavis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Indawo yokuhlala =====
Izingulube zasendle zingakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, kuhlanganise namahlathi, izindawo ezinotshani, amathafa, izindawo ezinezihlahla kanye nezindawo zezolimo. Zivame ukufuna izindawo ezinamanzi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani noma ezinye izitshalo ezingazinikeza ukudla nokuzivikela. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Goldstein|first=Hannah|date=2021-06-16|title=Here’s Where Pigs Live Around the World|url=https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/heres-where-pigs-live-around-world/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=World Animal Protection US|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuzalana ======
Izingulube zizalana ngokuzala amathole aphilayo. Imikhuba yokuzalana iyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni eziningi zomndeni we-Suidae, izingane zihlala eduze nonina ekuqaleni kokuphila futhi zincike kuye ukuze zithole ubisi nokuvikelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Justin|date=2022-10-09|title=Birthing Piglets - What You Need to Know|url=https://abundantpermaculture.com/birthing-piglets-what-you-need-to-know/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Abundant Permaculture|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukufuywa kwezingulube ======
[[File:Pig_Farming,_Cold_Kirby_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_117362.jpg|thumb|ukufuywa kwezingulube]]
Abantu sebezifuyile izingulube izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingulube yasendle (''Sus scrofa'') ibhekwa njengokhokho oyinhloko wezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezifuywayo. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lubonisa ukuthi ukufuywa kwengulube kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emlandweni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pig Farming in South Africa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/pig-farming-south-africa.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=southafrica.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izingulube ezifuywayo zibalulekile kwezolimo emazweni amaningi. Zifuyelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza inyama, kanti imboni yokufuya izilwane ihlanganisa nezindaba zokudla, impilo yezilwane, izakhi zofuzo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pork and Pig Farming – Agribook Digital|url=https://www.agribook.co.za/pork/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Izingulube zasendle ======
'''Ingulube yasendle''' (''Sus scrofa'') iyinhlobo esatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni. Yavela e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika, kodwa abantu bayisabalalise nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ingenawo umlando wemvelo khona, ingulube yasendle ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni nasezolimo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bengsen |first=Andrew J. |last2=Saunders |first2=Glen |last3=Mitchell |first3=Justin |last4=Pearson |first4=Hayley E. |date=2014-01-01 |title=Impacts and management of wild pigs Sus scrofa in Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/26401105/Impacts_and_management_of_wild_pigs_Sus_scrofa_in_Australia |journal=Mammal Review |doi=10.1111/MAM.12011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Wild_Pig_KSC02pd0873.jpg|thumb|izingulube zasendle]]
Izingulube zasendle zingaphazamisa umhlabathi lapho zimba zifuna ukudla, futhi kwezinye izindawo zingalimaza izitshalo noma ziphazamise izindawo zemvelo. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wild Pigs|url=https://www.invasivespeciescentre.ca/invasive-species/meet-the-species/land-and-animal-invertebrates/wild-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Invasive Species Centre|language=en-CA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ======
Ukufuywa kwezingulube kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezilwane emhlabeni. Inyama yengulube ingenye yemikhiqizo ebalulekile etholakala ekufuyweni kwezingulube, futhi imininingwane ye-FAO ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yengulube kubalwa ezibalweni zokukhiqizwa kokudla kwezilwane emhlabeni. (FAOHome)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rotecna|title=Growth and opportunities for South African pigs|url=https://www.rotecna.com/en/blog/growth-and-opportunities-for-south-african-pigs/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.rotecna.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-Suidae ======
Umndeni we-Suidae awugcini ezingulubeni ezifuywayo nasezingulubeni zasendle kuphela. Uhlanganisa nezinye izilwane ezifana '''nengulube yasehlathini''', '''i-warthog''' kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. (Animal Diversity Web)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pig Farming in South Africa|url=https://southafrica.co.za/pig-farming-south-africa.html|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=southafrica.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umthombo ==

# Fox, D. L. &amp; Myers, P. '''“Suidae.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web'', University of Michigan. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Wickline, K. '''“Sus scrofa.”''' ''Animal Diversity Web''. (Animal Diversity Web)
# Frantz, L. et al. (2016). '''“The Evolution of Suidae.”''' ''Annual Review of Animal Biosciences'', 4, 61–85. (Annual Reviews)
# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). '''World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity.''' (FAOHome)
# '''“Genome Wide Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Distinctiveness of the Pig Family in South Africa.”''' ''BMC Genomics''. (PubMed Central (PMC))
# National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). '''Taxonomy: Sus scrofa.''' (NCBI)</text>
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      <id>130719</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:09:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>PercyDot</username>
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      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
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      <text bytes="1155" sha1="lhlzwtjs7o1ep135mdu08hz6sfn3zge" xml:space="preserve">[[File:TSgt Pattee meets daughter.jpg|thumb]]
Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazane nezingane

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nezingane kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kuqedwe. Lezi zimo zihlala zikhona ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zifaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokocansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=J5S9auDHHuW-p84PsabAsQU|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amathunzi okuhlukunyezwa afaka ifu elimnyama emphakathini wethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukunqamula ukuthula futhi sinikeze indawo engcwele kulabo abahluphekayo. Masifundise, sishaye imithetho, futhi sixhumane, sakhe umhlaba lapho abesifazane nezingane bevikelekile ekulimaleni. Ndawonye, singabhala kabusha izindaba zabo ngethemba nangokuphulukiswa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-12|title=Inkulumo elungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besifazane nezingane - Brainly.in|url=https://brainly.in/question/56065749|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=brainly.in|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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'''Ukunyukubezwa kwabesifazane nezingane'''

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nezingane kuyinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze kuqedwe. Lezi zimo zihlala zikhona ezindaweni eziningi, futhi zifaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokocansi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=J5S9auDHHuW-p84PsabAsQU|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amathunzi okuhlukunyezwa afaka ifu elimnyama emphakathini wethu. Kungumsebenzi wethu ukunqamula ukuthula futhi sinikeze indawo engcwele kulabo abahluphekayo. Masifundise, sishaye imithetho, futhi sixhumane, sakhe umhlaba lapho abesifazane nezingane bevikelekile ekulimaleni. Ndawonye, singabhala kabusha izindaba zabo ngethemba nangokuphulukiswa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-12|title=Inkulumo elungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu besifazane nezingane - Brainly.in|url=https://brainly.in/question/56065749|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=brainly.in|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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    <title>User:Lowndiey DRAFT3</title>
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      <comment>ukusungulwa kwe athikli</comment>
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= Ukuba ngumzali =
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.

Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.

== Indima yabazali ==
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.

== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ==
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.

== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.

I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.

== Ukuxhumana ==
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.

== Isiyalo ==
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula ==
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.

== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane ==
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.

== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ==
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ==
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.

== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ==
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.

== Izinkomba ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ukufakwa kwezihlokwana , namapharagraphi</comment>
      <origin>130727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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== Ukuba ngumzali ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.

Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.

=== Indima yabazali ===
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.

==== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ====
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.

==== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ====
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.

I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.

===== Ukuxhumana =====
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.

===== Isiyalo =====
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

===== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula =====
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.

===== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane =====
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.

====== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ======
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

====== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ======
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.

====== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ======
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.

== Imithombo ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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      <parentid>130727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:43:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ukufakwa kwezithombe</comment>
      <origin>130730</origin>
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== Ukuba ngumzali ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.
[[File:TSgt Pattee meets daughter.jpg|thumb]]
Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.

=== Indima yabazali ===
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.

==== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ====
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.

==== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ====
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.
[[File:Moscow, Parenting, Moskva River, Brateyevo, Russia.jpg|thumb]]
I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.

===== Ukuxhumana =====
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.

===== Isiyalo =====
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

===== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula =====
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.

===== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane =====
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.

====== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ======
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.

====== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ======
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.

====== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ======
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.

== Imithombo ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
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== Ukuba ngumzali ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.
[[File:TSgt Pattee meets daughter.jpg|thumb]]
Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Parenting? What Does It Mean to Be a Parent? {{!}} HealthyPlace|url=https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/parenting-skills-strategies/what-is-parenting-what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-parent|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.healthyplace.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indima yabazali ===
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Role of Parents {{!}} Parenting Tips &amp; Advice|url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/thrive/the-role-of-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PBS KIDS for Parents|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ====
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pal|first=Rahul|date=2025-02-24|title=Parent-Child Relationship: Types, Benefits, and Ways to Strengthen It|url=https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/parent-child-relationship/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=21K School South Africa|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ====
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.
[[File:Moscow, Parenting, Moskva River, Brateyevo, Russia.jpg|thumb]]
I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Frosch |first=Cynthia A. |last2=Schoppe-Sullivan |first2=Sarah J. |last3=O'Banion |first3=D. David |date=2021 |title=Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7781063/ |journal=American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=45–59 |doi=10.1177/1559827619849028 |issn=1559-8284 |pmc=7781063 |pmid=33447170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuxhumana =====
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-08-28|title=The Importance of Good Communication Between Parents and Their Kids in blogs {{!}} Atlantic International University|url=https://www.aiu.edu/blog/the-importance-of-good-communication-between-parents-and-their-kids/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Isiyalo =====
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rfletcher|date=2025-01-13|title=Positive Discipline Methods for Children|url=https://www.militaryonesource.mil/parenting/new-parents/tips-for-disciplining-your-child/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Military OneSource|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula =====
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parenting Through Every Stage: How Do You Adapt as Your Child Grows and Changes?|url=https://www.raincrosstherapy.com/blog/parenting-through-different-developmental-stages|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Raincross Family Counseling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane =====
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The importance of play in child development - CambriLearn|url=https://cambrilearn.com/blog/early-childhood-development-importance-play|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=cambrilearn.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ======
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mental health and well-being {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health-and-well-being|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ======
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.

====== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ======
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting Parents|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/supporting-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130741</id>
      <parentid>130740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:06:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
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== Ukuba ngumzali ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.
[[File:TSgt Pattee meets daughter.jpg|thumb]]
Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Parenting? What Does It Mean to Be a Parent? {{!}} HealthyPlace|url=https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/parenting-skills-strategies/what-is-parenting-what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-parent|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.healthyplace.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indima yabazali ===
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Role of Parents {{!}} Parenting Tips &amp; Advice|url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/thrive/the-role-of-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PBS KIDS for Parents|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ====
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pal|first=Rahul|date=2025-02-24|title=Parent-Child Relationship: Types, Benefits, and Ways to Strengthen It|url=https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/parent-child-relationship/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=21K School South Africa|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ====
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.
[[File:Moscow, Parenting, Moskva River, Brateyevo, Russia.jpg|thumb]]
I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Frosch |first=Cynthia A. |last2=Schoppe-Sullivan |first2=Sarah J. |last3=O'Banion |first3=D. David |date=2021 |title=Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7781063/ |journal=American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=45–59 |doi=10.1177/1559827619849028 |issn=1559-8284 |pmc=7781063 |pmid=33447170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuxhumana =====
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-08-28|title=The Importance of Good Communication Between Parents and Their Kids in blogs {{!}} Atlantic International University|url=https://www.aiu.edu/blog/the-importance-of-good-communication-between-parents-and-their-kids/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Isiyalo =====
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rfletcher|date=2025-01-13|title=Positive Discipline Methods for Children|url=https://www.militaryonesource.mil/parenting/new-parents/tips-for-disciplining-your-child/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Military OneSource|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula =====
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parenting Through Every Stage: How Do You Adapt as Your Child Grows and Changes?|url=https://www.raincrosstherapy.com/blog/parenting-through-different-developmental-stages|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Raincross Family Counseling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane =====
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.
[[File:Belajar Bersama Orangtua.jpg|thumb|abazali bafundisa izingane ]]
Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The importance of play in child development - CambriLearn|url=https://cambrilearn.com/blog/early-childhood-development-importance-play|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=cambrilearn.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ======
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mental health and well-being {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health-and-well-being|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ======
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.

====== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ======
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting Parents|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/supporting-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(mental health)</title>
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    <id>35815</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130726</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:34:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cite</comment>
      <origin>130726</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1810" sha1="4fhb1tfvv4gajfh2cw36f9m0kw3s80q" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Free 3D Illustration Of A Mental Health Conceptual Image By Quince Media 05.jpg|thumb|Inqondo]]
'''Ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwempilo yenqondo(Mental health).'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=Qpu9asHNFJfIp84Php7NqAk|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impilonhle yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu njengempilo yomzimba ngoba ithonya indlela esicabanga, esizizwa, nesiziphatha ngayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ngokusho kwe-World [[Impilonhle yengqondo|Health Organization (WHO)]], impilo yengqondo enhle isiza umuntu ukuba aqonde amakhono akhe, amelane nezingphendu zempilo, asebenze ngokukhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi abe negalelo elihle emphakathini wakhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba ihlobene; Ukunakekela umzimba kuzuzisa ingqondo Ukugwema ukucindezeleka nokwamukela ukudla okulinganiselayo kuyizinsika ezibalulekile zokuzinza kwemizwelo.Ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokubona imizwa kuthuthukisa ukuqiniswa kwengqondo Uma kunesidingo, ukuya kochwepheshe kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izinkinga ezingokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Garcia|first=Susana|date=2024-12-25|title=Ungayinakekela kanjani impilo yakho yengqondo nsuku zonke|url=https://zu.bezzia.com/indlela-yokunakekela-impilo-yengqondo/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Bezzia|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukujima emqondweni womuntu kunciphisa ingcindezi futhi kukhulisa ukuzethemba. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani ukuvivinya umzimba kuthathwa njengokufanelekile empilweni yakho iyonke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ukujima Kuyithuthukisa Kanjani Impilo Yakho Yengqondo - I-Medsurge India|url=https://medsurgeindia.com/zu/how-workout-improves-your-mental-health/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35816</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130734</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-30T23:47:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IKHASI ELISHA</comment>
      <origin>130734</origin>
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      <text bytes="951" sha1="2a1u0rl8epp0xu4lnf11yr996am4i8g" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Physical exercise and effects on depression and dementia.jpg|thumb]]
'''Ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.'''

Ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo enhle, amandla, kanye nengqondo ehloniphekile. Abasizi bezempilo batusa ukuthi okungenani umuntu azivocavoce imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=op29aqmFPJ6j5NoPq8eR8Ao|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

UKUZIVOCAVOCA kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu kodwa kungenzeka kudale izinkinga uma kungenziwa ngendlela efanele. Kuningi okungaholela ekutheni umuntu alimale ezivocavoca, uma engenzi ngendlela efanele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ungazithola uphuka uze ulale esibhedlela uma uke wazi vocavoca ngendlela okungasiyo ngakho kubalulekile ukuthola umuntu ozokuqeqesha ngokuzivocavoca.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

UMTHOMBO WOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya</title>
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    <id>35817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130739</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:03:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
      <origin>130739</origin>
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      <text bytes="1362" sha1="9edggd3szdo88jq4s2jdn7jccgqc7tu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:2024 Floods 05.jpg|thumb|izikhukhula]]
'''Umonakalo odalwa izikhukhula emakhaya.'''

Izikhukhula zidalela imizi nomphakathi umonakalo omkhulu, okubalwa awo ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo okungabalwakuko ukubhidlika kwezindlu nezakhiwo: Amanzi anamandla ayadiliza noma agqashule izindonga zezindlu, ashiye imindeni ingenamakhaya. Ukonakala kwempahla yasendlini: Izinto zokusebenza, ifenisha, izingubo, kanye nokudla konakaliswa noma kukhukhulwe ngamanzi. Ukulahleka kokuphila nokulimala: Izikhukhula zibeka ukuphila kwabantu engozini enkulu ngokuminza noma ukushaywa izinto ezindiza nomoya namanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=kaG9arTDOeugptQPmq3GsQ8|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uphiko lokunakekelwa kwemigwaqo nemisele ehamba amanzi emvula, ukukhucululwa kwemihosha nemifula lusungule uhlelo olukholwa ukuthi lungaba yisisombululo enkingeni ebhekene nedolobha yemfucuza embondelene emfuleni eholela ekutheni kuguguleke ingqalasizinda uma kwenzeka kuba nemvula enkulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mjoli|first=Phili|date=2024-09-18|title=Imizamo yokuvikela umonakalo wezikhukhula|url=https://isolezwe.co.za/izindaba/2019-06-28-imizamo-yokuvikela-umonakalo-wezikhukhula/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Isolezwe|language=zu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthando esikhathini samanje?</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>130747</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:19:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndengezi</username>
        <id>25494</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ikhasi elisha</comment>
      <origin>130747</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1048" sha1="k7ozlejc9ryg43lme9o77c84tto5aap" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Surprised Cartoon Woman Getting Money Online.svg|thumb|imali]]
'''Ingabe imali iyaluthenga uthand esikhathini samanje?'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nika amandla iJavaScript ukuze usebenzise usesho|url=https://www.google.com/httpservice/retry/enablejs?sei=YqW9avjODdKGptQPioe1-Ag|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imali ayiluthengi uthando lwaqobo, kodwa idlala indima enkulu ekusimamiseni nasekuvuleni amathuba othando esikhathini samanje, Iiali ikhipha ukucindezeleka (stress) emshadweni noma ebudlelwano. Uma kunezikweletu nezinkinga zemali, uthando luvame ukushabalala ngenxa yokulwa njalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

IBhayibheli alisho ukuthi imali ayilunganga noma ukuthi imali yiyo ebangela zonke izinto ezimbi, Kodwa kulamazwi ajwayelekile athathelwe  eBhayibhelini athi “imali yimpande yesono.” Indlela asetshenziswa ngayo ayisiyo ngoba bawaqalisela phakathi futhi enza kuzwakale angathi imali imbi. Lona iBhayibhili lithi “'''ukuthanda''' imali kuyimpande yazo zonke izono.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ukuba umzali</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
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      <comment>added a cites</comment>
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== Ukuba ngumzali ==
'''Ukuba ngumzali''' (parenting) kuyinqubo yokunakekela, ukukhulisa, ukuqondisa nokweseka ingane kusukela izalwa kuze kube yilapho isikhula. Akubandakanyi abazali begazi kuphela, kodwa kungabandakanya ababheki, ogogo nomkhulu, izihlobo noma abanye abantu abanomthwalo wokunakekela ingane. I-UNICEF ichaza parenting njengokuxhumana, ukuziphatha, imizwa, ulwazi, izinkolelo, izimo zengqondo nezenzo ezihambisana nokunakekela nokweseka ukuthuthuka kwengane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-26|title=Definition of PARENTING|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parenting|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TSgt_Pattee_meets_daughter.jpg|link=File:TSgt_Pattee_meets_daughter.jpg|thumb]]
Ukuba ngumzali kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwengane ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo. Ukunakekelwa okuhle ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, kuhlotshaniswa nokuthuthuka kwengane kanye nempilo yayo yesikhathi eside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Parenting? What Does It Mean to Be a Parent? {{!}} HealthyPlace|url=https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/parenting-skills-strategies/what-is-parenting-what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-parent|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.healthyplace.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Indima yabazali ===
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli banemisebenzi eminingi ekukhuliseni izingane. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka ngokudla, indawo ephephile yokuhlala, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa kanye nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-26|title=Definition of PARENTING|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parenting|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abazali basiza futhi izingane ukuthi zifunde indlela yokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukulandela imithetho, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthatha izinqumo. Indlela le misebenzi eyenziwa ngayo ingahluka phakathi kwemindeni, amasiko nemiphakathi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Role of Parents {{!}} Parenting Tips &amp; Advice|url=https://www.pbs.org/parents/thrive/the-role-of-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=PBS KIDS for Parents|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ubudlelwano phakathi komzali nengane ====
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi komzali nengane buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba ngumzali. Ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukunakekela nokuchitha isikhathi nengane kungasiza ekwakheni ubudlelwano obunokwethembana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pal|first=Rahul|date=2025-02-24|title=Parent-Child Relationship: Types, Benefits, and Ways to Strengthen It|url=https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/parent-child-relationship/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=21K School South Africa|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-UNICEF igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba izingane zikhule endaweni enothando, enakekelayo nephephile. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungasiza izingane ukuthi ziveze imizwa nemibono yazo futhi zithole ukwesekwa lapho zibhekene nezinselele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pal|first=Rahul|date=2025-02-24|title=Parent-Child Relationship: Types, Benefits, and Ways to Strengthen It|url=https://www.21kschool.com/za/blog/parent-child-relationship/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=21K School South Africa|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ukukhulisa ingane ngendlela enesimo esihle ====
'''Ukuba ngumzali ngendlela enesimo esihle''' (positive parenting) kugxile ekunakekeleni nasekuqondiseni ingane ngendlela ehlonipha isithunzi sayo. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ukubonisa uthando, ukulalela ingane, ukubeka imithetho ecacile nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezingasebenzisi udlame.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to discipline your child the smart and healthy way {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/child-care/how-discipline-your-child-smart-and-healthy-way|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moscow,_Parenting,_Moskva_River,_Brateyevo,_Russia.jpg|link=File:Moscow,_Parenting,_Moskva_River,_Brateyevo,_Russia.jpg|thumb]]
I-UNICEF ichaza positive parenting njengendlela egxile ekutheni izingane zikhule zizizwa zithandwa, ziphephile futhi ziqondwa. Imithetho nemingcele isengaba yingxenye yokuba ngumzali, kodwa ingachazwa futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela ezolile nenobulungisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Frosch |first=Cynthia A. |last2=Schoppe-Sullivan |first2=Sarah J. |last3=O'Banion |first3=D. David |date=2021 |title=Parenting and Child Development: A Relational Health Perspective |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7781063/ |journal=American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=45–59 |doi=10.1177/1559827619849028 |issn=1559-8284 |pmc=7781063 |pmid=33447170}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuxhumana =====
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabazali nezingane kungaba ngomlomo nangezenzo. Abazali bangakhuluma nezingane ngezinto ezenzeka ekhaya, esikoleni nasemphakathini, futhi bazilalele lapho ziveza imibono noma imizwa yazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to communicate effectively with your young child {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/child-care/9-tips-for-better-communication|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuxhumana okuhle kungasiza umzali ukuba aqonde izidingo zengane futhi kusize ingane ukuthi ifunde ukukhuluma ngezinkinga zayo. I-UNICEF iphinde igcizelele ukuthi abazali bangachitha isikhathi esifushane kodwa esinencazelo nezingane, njengokudlala, ukukhuluma noma ukwenza imisebenzi ndawonye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-08-28|title=The Importance of Good Communication Between Parents and Their Kids in blogs {{!}} Atlantic International University|url=https://www.aiu.edu/blog/the-importance-of-good-communication-between-parents-and-their-kids/|accessdate=2026-09-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Isiyalo =====
'''Isiyalo''' siyingxenye yokufundisa ingane indlela yokuziphatha nokulandela imithetho. Abazali bangabeka imingcele ecacile futhi bachaze imiphumela yokwephula imithetho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How to discipline your child the smart and healthy way {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/child-care/how-discipline-your-child-smart-and-healthy-way|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezisekelwe ebufakazini zigcizelela ukusebenzisa ukuqondisa okuhle, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezindlela ezingasebenzisi udlame. I-World Health Organization (WHO) inezinkombandlela ngezinhlelo zokuba ngumzali ezihlose ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kabi kwezingane nokukhulisa ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rfletcher|date=2025-01-13|title=Positive Discipline Methods for Children|url=https://www.militaryonesource.mil/parenting/new-parents/tips-for-disciplining-your-child/|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Military OneSource|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukuba ngumzali ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula =====
Izidingo zengane ziyashintsha njengoba ikhula. Ingane encane idinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, ukuphepha nokusekelwa ekuthuthukeni kwayo. Lapho ingane iqala isikole, abazali bangaba neqhaza ekufundeni, ekwakheni imikhuba nasekusekeleni ubudlelwano bayo nabanye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parenting Through Every Stage: How Do You Adapt as Your Child Grows and Changes?|url=https://www.raincrosstherapy.com/blog/parenting-through-different-developmental-stages|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Raincross Family Counseling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngesikhathi sobusha, izingane ziqala ukuthola ukuzimela okwengeziwe. Abazali bangasiza ngokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile, ukubeka imingcele efanele nokweseka ingane njengoba ibhekana nezinguquko zomzimba, zemizwa nezenhlalo. I-UNICEF inikeza izinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekene nezigaba ezahlukene, kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebusheni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parenting Through Every Stage: How Do You Adapt as Your Child Grows and Changes?|url=https://www.raincrosstherapy.com/blog/parenting-through-different-developmental-stages|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=Raincross Family Counseling|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ukudlala nokuthuthuka kwengane =====
Ukudlala kuyindlela ebalulekile izingane ezisebenzisa ngayo ukufunda nokuxhumana nomhlaba ozizungezile. Abazali bangadlala nezingane noma bazinike amathuba okuphenya, ukudala nokufunda ngezinto ezisendaweni yazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Severino |first=Gerald |last2=Cabatic |first2=Elmer |last3=Molina |first3=Mico |date=2024-12-31 |title=The Role of Play in Children’s Development |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389047290_The_Role_of_Play_in_Children's_Development |journal=The Asian Journal of Education and Human Development (AJEHD) |volume=5 |doi=10.69566/ajehd.v5i1.100}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Belajar_Bersama_Orangtua.jpg|link=File:Belajar_Bersama_Orangtua.jpg|thumb|abazali bafundisa izingane]]
Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhuluma nengane ngesikhathi sokudla, ukuyisiza ukuthi ihlole izinto ezizungezile noma ukudlala nayo, ingasekela ukufunda nokuthuthuka kwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The importance of play in child development - CambriLearn|url=https://cambrilearn.com/blog/early-childhood-development-importance-play|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=cambrilearn.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Impilo nenhlalakahle yabazali ======
Ukuba ngumzali kungaba nomthelela empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yomzali noma umnakekeli. Izidingo zezingane, umsebenzi, izimo zomnotho kanye nezinye izinselele zomndeni kungadala ingcindezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mental health and well-being {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health-and-well-being|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-WHO igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokweseka abazali nabanye abanakekeli, okuhlanganisa izindlela ezinganciphisa ingcindezi futhi zithuthukise ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mental health and well-being {{!}} UNICEF Parenting|url=https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health-and-well-being|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukuba ngumzali eNingizimu Afrika ======
ENingizimu Afrika, izinhlelo zokweseka abazali zibandakanya imfundo, impilo, ukuphepha kwezingane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane. I-UNICEF South Africa inezinsiza zokuba ngumzali ezibhekana nokuthuthuka kwengane, ukunakekelwa, impilo nenhlalakahle, ukudla nokondleka kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=The Parent|date=2023-03-31|title=Positive Parenting in South Africa|url=https://theparentcentre.org.za/positive-parenting-south-africa/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=The Parent Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngo-2025, i-UNICEF South Africa yagcizelela indima yokudlala kanye ne-positive parenting ekuthuthukiseni izingane nasekusekeleni inhlalakahle yemindeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=The Parent|date=2023-03-31|title=Positive Parenting in South Africa|url=https://theparentcentre.org.za/positive-parenting-south-africa/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=The Parent Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ukubaluleka kokweseka abazali ======
Abazali nabanye abanakekeli bangadinga ulwazi, izinsiza kanye nokwesekwa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zezingane. Ukusekelwa kungavela emndenini, emphakathini, ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zezempilo nasezinhlelweni zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting Parents|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/supporting-parents|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-UNICEF ithi bonke abazali nabanye abanakekeli kufanele babe nokwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze banikeze izingane isiqalo esihle ekuphileni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting Parents|url=https://www.who.int/initiatives/supporting-parents|accessdate=2026-09-30|website=www.who.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imithombo ==

# UNICEF. '''Parenting Programming Guidance.''' UNICEF.
# World Health Organization. '''WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years.''' 2023.
# UNICEF. '''The Power of Parenting: Raising happy, healthy and hopeful children.'''
# UNICEF. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''Positive Parenting.'''
# UNICEF. '''The Art of Parenting: Training Guide.'''
# UNICEF South Africa. '''The Power of Positive Parenting.''' 2023.
# UNICEF South Africa. '''UNICEF South Africa launches dual campaigns to champion play and positive parenting.''' 2025.</text>
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&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;UPDATED DETAILED PROFILE - KWAZI UMBHALO*

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Real Name:* Kwazi Manqele

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Artist Name:* Kwazi Umbhalo

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Home:* Nkweme Village, kwaNongoma - Deep Rural Zululand, KZN

Kwazi Umbhalo is a poet, leader, and cultural ambassador born and raised in the deep rural heart of *Nkweme Village, Nongoma, KwaZulu-Natal*. His art is shaped by the soil, stories, and strong oral traditions of Zululand.

From a young age, leadership lived in him. While at *Nsimbini Secondary School*, he was elected *School President 2 times* - a rare achievement that showed his gift for speaking, leading and inspiring others long before the poetry stages.

He is now an IT student at DUT, but his heart remains in poetry and heritage preservation.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Radio Presence - 5 Stations:*

His voice and poetry have traveled far beyond Nongoma, featured on:

1. *Nongoma FM*

2. *Abaqulusi FM*

3. *Midlands 104 FM* (Pietermaritzburg)

4. *Alex FM* (Johannesburg) - Heritage Day Live

5. *Ukhozi FM* (SABC National)

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Poetry Journey:*

- Member: *Ubuciko Bomlomo Ngamagama - DUT Poetry Club*

- Member: *Sawubona Poetry Community*

- *2-time National Poetry Award Winner*

- *Best Poet of the Year Winner - Indlela Pinnacle Awards 2026 (2,589 Votes)*

- Founder of a prestigious event that hosted international artists

- Performances: *Iziko Museum (Cape Town), Maboneng (JHB), Student Diversity Festival Durban (8 Oct - Upcoming)*

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;What Makes Him Different:*

He is not a city poet writing about the village - he IS the village writing to the city. He carries Nkweme in every line. Powerful, humble, rooted and thought-provoking.

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Brand:* Kwazi Umbhalo Creative Agency 🪶

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;TikTok:* Kwazi Umbhalo

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;Motto:* _From Nsimbini School President to National Award Winner - Umbhalo Usaqhubeka_

---</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130757</id>
      <parentid>130756</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:51:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
      <sha1>qlrjfe4l2yhan4jjg2fykxywvq0mjag</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130758</id>
      <parentid>130757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:54:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added a cite</comment>
      <origin>130758</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>130759</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T00:56:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added a cite</comment>
      <origin>130759</origin>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130760</id>
      <parentid>130759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:00:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added a cite</comment>
      <origin>130760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:07:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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        <id>26613</id>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:14:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
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      <comment>add a cite</comment>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-01T01:20:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lowndiey</username>
        <id>26613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added a cite</comment>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction to Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) {{!}} SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://skybrary.aero/articles/introduction-remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-rpas|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=skybrary.aero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth L. Remba Gardner, Women's Airforce Service Pilots, NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction to Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) {{!}} SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://skybrary.aero/articles/introduction-remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-rpas|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=skybrary.aero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Reasons|url=https://www.alpa.org/advancing-aviation/future-of-the-profession/become-a-pilot/top-reasons|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.alpa.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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== Umshayeli wendiza ==
[[File:Elizabeth_L._Remba_Gardner,_Women's_Airforce_Service_Pilots,_NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe sowesifazane ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onelayisensi yokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. ENingizimu Afrika, ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yi-'''South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA)''' ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ===
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza ozimele''' (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
'''Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo''' (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline and Commercial Pilots|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material-moving/airline-and-commercial-pilots.htm|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Bureau of Labor Statistics|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-29|title=HELICOPTER PILOT definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/helicopter-pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuqeqeshwa ===
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Training Courses|url=https://www.eptaviation.com/pilot-training-courses/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EPT Aviation|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni ezi-'''Approved Training Organisation (ATO)''' lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

====== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ======
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Private Pilot License South Africa {{!}} PPL licence - courses|url=https://www.uflyacademy.co.za/private-pilot-license.html|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.uflyacademy.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E-South Africa, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isitifiketi sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Licensing|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/licensing/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ===
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zilenaite|first=Karolina|date=2024-10-28|title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control?|url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=BAA Training|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Zilenaite |first=Karolina |title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control? {{!}} BAA Training |url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BAA Training |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ===
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwethiyori, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza engenamuntu ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula indiza engenamuntu noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction to Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) {{!}} SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://skybrary.aero/articles/introduction-remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-rpas|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=skybrary.aero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukubaluleka kwabashayeli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza banendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 10 reasons to become a pilot|url=https://acronaviationacademy.com/usa/how-to-become-a-pilot-in-the-usa/reasons-to-become-a-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=acronaviationacademy.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Reasons|url=https://www.alpa.org/advancing-aviation/future-of-the-profession/become-a-pilot/top-reasons|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.alpa.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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[[File:Elizabeth_L._Remba_Gardner,_Women's_Airforce_Service_Pilots,_NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe s[[owesifazane]] ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onesifakazelo sokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo ubandakanya ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. [[eNingizimu Afrika]], ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yisiPhathimandla saseNingizimu Afrika sokuNdiza koMphakathi (isiNgisi: South African Civil Aviation Authority, isifingqo: SACAA) ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ==
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
Umshayeli wendiza ozimele (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline and Commercial Pilots|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material-moving/airline-and-commercial-pilots.htm|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Bureau of Labor Statistics|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-29|title=HELICOPTER PILOT definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/helicopter-pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuqeqeshwa ==
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Training Courses|url=https://www.eptaviation.com/pilot-training-courses/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EPT Aviation|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni eziNhlangano eziGunyaziwe ukuQeqesha (Approved Training Organisation (ATO)) lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ===
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Private Pilot License South Africa {{!}} PPL licence - courses|url=https://www.uflyacademy.co.za/private-pilot-license.html|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.uflyacademy.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

eNingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isifakaziso sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Licensing|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/licensing/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ==
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zilenaite|first=Karolina|date=2024-10-28|title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control?|url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=BAA Training|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Zilenaite |first=Karolina |title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control? {{!}} BAA Training |url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BAA Training |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ==
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwochachiso, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendongoyi ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula [[INdiza eswelumuntu|indiza eswelumuntu]] noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

eNingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction to Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) {{!}} SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://skybrary.aero/articles/introduction-remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-rpas|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=skybrary.aero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iqhaza labashayeli bezindiza ==
Abashayeli bezindiza baneqhaza elibalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 10 reasons to become a pilot|url=https://acronaviationacademy.com/usa/how-to-become-a-pilot-in-the-usa/reasons-to-become-a-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=acronaviationacademy.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Reasons|url=https://www.alpa.org/advancing-aviation/future-of-the-profession/become-a-pilot/top-reasons|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.alpa.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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      <text bytes="2720" sha1="85tuj8vz3nrtw4zb9mhv1ynkk0x79vb" xml:space="preserve">'''UbuMarx''' buchaza [[injulalwazi]] [[Ezombusazwe|okombusazwe]] kanye nenqubo yokuhlakahla ezenhlalomnotho obusebenzisa ukutolika kwomlando wentuthuko okungokobumongotho obungubuphambanamqondo obwaziwa ngobumongotho obomlando ukuqondisisa  ubudlelwane ngaphakathi kwezigaba zomphakathi kanye nenxabano okwenhlalo. Njengoba uvela emibhalweni kaKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels, indlela yokucubungula yokobuMarx ibuka umqhudelwano wezigaba njenge[[IsiPhoqi|siphoqi]] esimqoka esisunduza ukuguquka omlandweni.

Ukuhlakahla okobuMarx kubuka isimo sokukhiqiza okomnotho somphakathi njengesisekelo sempilo yenhlalo, umbusazwe kanye nongqondonkulu yalo, indikimba eyaziwa ngohlaka okwesizinda nesakho esingaphezulu. Ekudingidweni kwo[[Ubuhlohlesakhe|buhlohlesakhe]], ubuMarx buphakamisa ukuthi isigaba esibusayo sobuhlohlesakhe ([[ongxiwankulu]]), esingumnikazi lezinsiza zokukhiqiza, sisebenzisa isigaba esisebenzayo okungafanele esidinga ukudayisa umsebenzi waso ukudela ukufa. Lobudlelwane (ngokukaMarx) buholela ekuzikhipha inyumbazane, izinhlekelele zomnotho ezivela okwesikhashane, kanye nokuxabana kwezigaba zomphakathi ekonakalayo ukuyaphambili. 

Kusukela ukushona kukaMarx imicabango yakhe iyandisiwe futhi yachachiswa kabanzi ngabacubunguli abambalwa kanye neminyakaziso yombusazwe eholele kokuvela kwezikhungofundo ezimbalwa zomcabango. Esihamba phambili kuzo zonke ngubuMarx-Lenin, obathuthuka emuva kokushona kuka[[Vladimir Lenin]] futhi bakhonza ngengenkolomqondo [[UBumbano wamaSoviyethi|yoBumbano wamaSoviyethi]] kanye namanye amazwe obuMarx.

Ngokuhambelani nalokhu, amasiko ambalwa obungqondonkulu nempikiswano, eyamanisa ubuMarx baseNtshonalanga, ubuntu bobuMarx, [[ubumelabufazi]] bobuMarx, kanye nobuMarx bokobuxakaxisa ebuvelile, iningi lesikhathi asola ucosulelwano okwombuso futhi zigxile ezindikimbeni zesiko, injulalwazi, nenkululeko yomuntu munye. Unguqunguqu okwesikhathi onkithinkithi uchaza ukuthi awukho [[umchachiso]] owodwa wobuMarx oyiqiniso eliphelele.

ubuMarx bume ezingeni lamasiko okobungqondongqondo evusa uthuli futhi enomthelela ezehlakalweni zomlando wesimanjemanje. ubuMarx bugqugquze imivukelambuso, iminyakaziso yemiphakathi kanye namaqembu ombusazwe emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokubumba iziqeqesho zikangqondonkulu. Izindikimba eziphume kubuMarx njengokusebenzisa okungafanele, ukukhipisa abantu inyumbazane kanye nomqhudelwano okwezigaba zimqoka [[Inzululwazi yezenhlalo|kwezinzululwazi zenhlalo]] no[[Umchazaluntu|mchazaluntu]], ezinomthelela emikhakheni yofundo kusukela kw[[umchazanhlalo]] nokudingida [[ubucikomazwi]] kufika kwinzululwazi yombusazwe nezimfundo zesiko. Umbono nokufezekiswa kwemicabango yobuMarx bungumsuka wokuxoxa okushisayo kwezombusazwe nakwezongqondonkulu.</text>
      <sha1>85tuj8vz3nrtw4zb9mhv1ynkk0x79vb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>130789</id>
      <parentid>130788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:10:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>130789</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2782" sha1="4ho3tfcq295uqfe81r31965jujljk77" xml:space="preserve">'''UbuMarx''' buchaza [[injulalwazi]] [[Ezombusazwe|okombusazwe]] kanye nenqubo yokuhlakahla ezenhlalomnotho obusebenzisa ukutolika kwomlando wentuthuko okungokobumongotho obungubuphambanamqondo obwaziwa ngobumongotho obomlando ukuqondisisa  ubudlelwane ngaphakathi kwezigaba zomphakathi kanye nenxabano okwenhlalo. Njengoba buvela emibhalweni kaKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels ikakhulu isiBophezela seQembu yo[[UCosulelwano|Cosulelwano]], indlela yokucubungula yokobuMarx ibuka umqhudelwano wezigaba njenge[[IsiPhoqi|siphoqi]] esimqoka esisunduza ukuguquka omlandweni.

Ukuhlakahla okobuMarx kubuka isimo sokukhiqiza okomnotho somphakathi njengesisekelo sempilo yenhlalo, umbusazwe kanye nongqondonkulu yalo, indikimba eyaziwa ngohlaka okwesizinda nesakho esingaphezulu. Ekudingidweni kwo[[Ubuhlohlesakhe|buhlohlesakhe]], ubuMarx buphakamisa ukuthi isigaba esibusayo sobuhlohlesakhe ([[ongxiwankulu]]), esingumnikazi lezinsiza zokukhiqiza, sisebenzisa isigaba esisebenzayo okungafanele esidinga ukudayisa umsebenzi waso ukudela ukufa. Lobudlelwane (ngokukaMarx) buholela ekuzikhipha inyumbazane, izinhlekelele zomnotho ezivela okwesikhashane, kanye nokuxabana kwezigaba zomphakathi ekonakalayo ukuyaphambili. 

Kusukela ukushona kukaMarx imicabango yakhe iyandisiwe futhi yachachiswa kabanzi ngabacubunguli abambalwa kanye neminyakaziso yombusazwe eholele kokuvela kwezikhungofundo ezimbalwa zomcabango. Esihamba phambili kuzo zonke ngubuMarx-Lenin, obathuthuka emuva kokushona kuka[[Vladimir Lenin]] futhi bakhonza ngengenkolomqondo [[UBumbano wamaSoviyethi|yoBumbano wamaSoviyethi]] kanye namanye amazwe obuMarx.

Ngokuhambelani nalokhu, amasiko ambalwa obungqondonkulu nempikiswano, eyamanisa ubuMarx baseNtshonalanga, ubuntu bobuMarx, [[ubumelabufazi]] bobuMarx, kanye nobuMarx bokobuxakaxisa ebuvelile, iningi lesikhathi asola ucosulelwano okwombuso futhi zigxile ezindikimbeni zesiko, injulalwazi, nenkululeko yomuntu munye. Unguqunguqu okwesikhathi onkithinkithi uchaza ukuthi awukho [[umchachiso]] owodwa wobuMarx oyiqiniso eliphelele.

ubuMarx bume ezingeni lamasiko okobungqondongqondo evusa uthuli futhi enomthelela ezehlakalweni zomlando wesimanjemanje. ubuMarx bugqugquze imivukelambuso, iminyakaziso yemiphakathi kanye namaqembu ombusazwe emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokubumba iziqeqesho zikangqondonkulu. Izindikimba eziphume kubuMarx njengokusebenzisa okungafanele, ukukhipisa abantu inyumbazane kanye nomqhudelwano okwezigaba zimqoka [[Inzululwazi yezenhlalo|kwezinzululwazi zenhlalo]] no[[Umchazaluntu|mchazaluntu]], ezinomthelela emikhakheni yofundo kusukela kw[[umchazanhlalo]] nokudingida [[ubucikomazwi]] kufika kwinzululwazi yombusazwe nezimfundo zesiko. Umbono nokufezekiswa kwemicabango yobuMarx bungumsuka wokuxoxa okushisayo kwezombusazwe nakwezongqondonkulu.</text>
      <sha1>4ho3tfcq295uqfe81r31965jujljk77</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Talk:Umshayeli wendiza</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>35825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130790</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:15:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Isihloko sekhasi */ new section</comment>
      <origin>130790</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="353" sha1="j2qda9h4q1g00ivrnhy7jty039zycq6" xml:space="preserve">== Isihloko sekhasi ==
@[[User:Lowndiey|Lowndiey]], ngokubona kwami igama elifanele ukuhumusha elika-pilot liyi-tilosi. Ngaphambi kokuthi ngichibiyele isihloko, ngicela unginikeze umbono wakho mayelana ukukhetha ukusebenzisa umshayeli phezu kwetilosi [[User:Mahlathamnyama|Mahlathamnyama]] ([[User talk:Mahlathamnyama|talk]]) 04:15, 1 uMfumfu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>j2qda9h4q1g00ivrnhy7jty039zycq6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inhlupheko</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130791</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T04:16:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Snokuthokoza</username>
        <id>25449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>130791</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="900" sha1="bhgtpqzuys7r9l2efsmoku0yrgkv7c4" xml:space="preserve">'''INHLUPHEKO'''

Inhlupheko yisimo lapho umuntu noma umndeni ungenayo imali eyanele nezinsiza zokuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke. Umuntu ohluphekayo uyehluleka ukuthola ukudla okwanele, izingubo, indlu yokuhlala, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nemfundo.

'''IZIMBANGELA ZENHLUPHEKO'''

Inhlupheko idalwa izinto eziningi. Ezinye izimbangela yilezi: ukuswela umsebenzi, imfundo ephansi, izifo kanye nokungabi namakhono ezempilo, izimpi kanye nodlame, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesomiso.

IMIPHUMELA YENHLUPHEKO

Inhlupheko inemiphumela emibi emphakathini. Iholela endlaleni, ebugebengwini, ekuntuleni kwemfundo kanye nasezifweni. Izingane ezikhula enhluphekweni zivame ukuyeka isikole zisheshe.

UKULWA NENHLUPHEKO

Ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezifana ne-UN bazama ukulwa nenhlupheko ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imfundo yamahhala kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezenhlalakahle.</text>
      <sha1>bhgtpqzuys7r9l2efsmoku0yrgkv7c4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35830</id>
    <redirect title="Ukukhiqizwa kwamazuba" />
    <revision>
      <id>130813</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T05:40:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mahlathamnyama</username>
        <id>13909</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mahlathamnyama moved page [[Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi]] to [[Ukukhiqizwa kwamazuba]]: Misspelled title</comment>
      <origin>130813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="onhuquypn25zyeyaopjs85kil50leyd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Ukukhiqizwa kwamazuba]]</text>
      <sha1>onhuquypn25zyeyaopjs85kil50leyd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Zamahlobo</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>35834</id>
    <revision>
      <id>130824</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-01T10:25:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Fongcwele</username>
        <id>16873</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dont create Draft on mainspace */ new section</comment>
      <origin>130824</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="429" sha1="s6p86j6ruepmt9c2ztkddoxssiauviq" xml:space="preserve">== Dont create Draft on mainspace ==
hi @[[User:Zamahlobo|Zamahlobo]], please stop creatig new articles on the mainspace without titles. Drafts are not supposed to be created on the mainspace, but only on the user space. I will delete all articles that says Draft on the mainspace. Ask other students how to create drafts on your userspace.  [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 10:25, 1 uMfumfu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>s6p86j6ruepmt9c2ztkddoxssiauviq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>