User:GerardM/Presidents of Republic of the Congo

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  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Republic of the Congo</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9781</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131456</id>
      <parentid>130186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T01:24:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2164" sha1="7vh8eivaf67ild8640jumgqp00blbl3" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q10353660
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from }
OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to }
}
|section=
|sort=?from
|sort_order=desc
|one_row_per_item=no
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57418|Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1152126|People's Republic of the Congo]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1997-10-25
| 
| [[File:Denis Sassou Nguesso on April 29, 2026 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q379725|Pascal Lissouba]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1992-08-31
| 1997-10-25
| [[File:Visit of Pascal Lissouba, President of Congo, to the EC (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3169789|Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1979-02-05
| 1979-02-08
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q740411|Joachim Yhombi-Opango]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1977-04-04
| 1979-02-01
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q454025|Marien Ngouabi]]''
| usombusazwe, IRiphabliki weKongo
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1968-12-31
| 1977-03-18
| [[File:Marien Ngouabi Janvier 1970.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q248332|Alfred Raoul]]''
| 
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1968-09-05
| 1969-01-01
| [[File:Alfred Raoul.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2871636|Augustin Poignet]]''
| usombusazwe, IRiphabliki weKongo
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1968-08-03
| 1968-08-04
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q740438|Alphonse Massamba-Débat]]''
| usombusazwe, IRiphabliki weKongo
| [[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1963-08-16
| 1968-09-04
| [[File:Stamp of Congo, Republic (Brazzaville) - 1965 - Colnect 675065 - Président Massamba Debat (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q559442|Fulbert Youlou]]''
| 
| [[iFulansi]]&lt;br/&gt;[[IKhongo-Brazzaville|IRiphabliki weKongo]]
| 1960-08-15
| 1963-08-15
| [[File:Fulbert Youlou (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>7vh8eivaf67ild8640jumgqp00blbl3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Members of the Senate of Zimbabwe</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9791</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131459</id>
      <parentid>131302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T02:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15108" sha1="6lf00wkgqtcbiljoqb5o5afgzc1tdge" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Member of the Senate of Zimbabwe who was a member twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q21295155 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q21295155/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q21295155/P580:Start date,P39/Q21295155/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q443215|Garfield Todd]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[INyuzilandi]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Garfield todd.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q514464|Simbarashe Mumbengegwi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Simbarashe Mumbengegwi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1399766|Joseph Msika]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Joseph Msika.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2011278|Obert Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3133488|Herbert Murerwa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3274147|John Nkomo]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3369338|Patrick Chinamasa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Patrick Chinamasa.png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5017585|Cain Mathema]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Minister Cain Mathema.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5091394|Chenhanho Chimutengwende]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5232494|David Coltart]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:David Coltart.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5238373|David Parirenyatwa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:David Parirenyatwa (cropped).png|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5301822|Douglas Mombeshora]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5340066|Edna Madzongwe]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Edna Madzongwe at the 53rd Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, in New Delhi on September 22, 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5360562|Elias Mudzuri]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5427612|Faber Chidarikire]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5460278|Flora Buka]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Gibson Sibanda]]
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5576402|Godfrey Chidyausiku]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5622273|Guy Georgias]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5725372|Henry Madzorera]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6217016|Johannes Tomana]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6775305|Martin Dinha]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6848219|Mike Nyambuya]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7088073|Olivia Muchena]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Olivia muchena.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7146962|Patrick Kombayi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7317489|Reuben Marumahoko]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412244|Samuel Mumbengegwi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7412644|Samuel Sipepa Nkomo]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7447116|Sekai Holland]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Sekai Holland.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7550235|Sobusa Gula-Ndebele]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7660136|Sydney Sekeramayi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7936864|Vitalis Zvinavashe]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q8003386|Willard Chiwewe]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Thokozani Khuphe]]
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Thokozani Khuphe.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16011177|Jeremiah Chirau]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q217169|Rhodesia]]''
| 
| 
| [[File:Internal Settlement.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16091552|Naison Ndlovu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16136022|Morgan Femai]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16733075|Tracy Mutinhiri]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16866539|Simon Khaya-Moyo]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16886031|Lutho Tapela]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q20872132|Prisca Mupfumira]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Prisca Mupfumira - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q25697807|Kumbirai Kangai]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Independence Day Celebrations at the Ambassador's Residence, Harare, Zimbabwe. Guests at the function included Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Kumbirai Kangai.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q85118775|Monica Mutsvangwa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q94704254|Jock Alves]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q106269407|Ellen Gwaradzimba]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107491736|Peter Haritatos]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q107534597|Bekithemba Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281646|Getrude Chibagu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281682|Lovemore Matuke]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111281756|Tendayi Makunde]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282851|Annah Rungani]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282876|Lwazi Sibanda]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282883|Miriam Chikukwa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282888|Sabina Thembani]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282889|Sibusisiwe Budha]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111282890|Sikhanyisiwe Mpofu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283546|Address Matiirira]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283547|Agnes Sibanda]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283548|Alice Chimbudzi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283549|Alma Mkhwebu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283551|Alphina Juba]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283552|Angelina Masuku]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283554|Charles Tawengwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283555|Damian D. E. Mumvuri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283556|Dorothy Tholakele Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283557|Dzikamai Calisto Mavhaire]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283558|Farirai Ethel Mabhungu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283559|Grace Tsitsi Jadagu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283560|Herbert M. Sinampande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283561|Jaison Max Korerai Machaya]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283562|James Makore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283563|Jane Chifamba]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283564|Jenia Manyeruke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283565|Josiah D. Hungwe]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283566|Joyce Ndhlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283567|Judith Mawire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283568|Keresina Chabuka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283569|Lilian Timveos]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283571|Martha Muronzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283572|Matson M. Hlalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283573|Medelina Bhebhe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283574|Michael Norman Carter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283575|Mike M. Byton]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283576|Misheck Marava]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283577|Mlotshwa Sithembile]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283578|Molly Mkandla]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283579|Monicah Mavhunga]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283580|Morgen Komichi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283581|Muhlava Otilia Maluleke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283582|Patrick Chitaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283583|Rorana Muchihwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283584|Rosemary Goto]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283585|Rosemary Nyathi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283586|Ruth Mafoko Labode]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283587|Shuvai Ben Mahofa]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283588|Siphiwe Ncube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283590|Tapera Machingaifa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283592|Thokozile A. Mathuthu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283594|Tsitsi Veronica Muzenda]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283595|Violet Moeketsi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283596|Virginia Muchenje]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283597|Watchy Sibanda]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283842|Annah Shiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283843|Ashel Sithole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283844|Clemence Nembire]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283845|Cleveria Chizema]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283846|Daniel Gwenzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283847|Daster Chisunga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283848|Enos Masakwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283849|Feleni Chauke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283850|Fortune Charumbira]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283851|Joseph Mudhe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283852|Mike Musaka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283853|Milton Ntabeni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283854|Mtshane Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283855|Ndabazekhaya Matema]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283857|Nkathazo Siansole]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283858|Nyamayabo Mashavakure]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283859|Rivai Mbaimbai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283860|Samson Katsande]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283861|Sindalizwe Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283863|Tambudzani Mohadi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283865|Try Manyepa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283866|Vuyani Ndiweni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283867|Wilson Nebiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111283868|Zama Mkhwananzi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291735|Alice Dube]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291737|Angeline Tongogara]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291738|Annias Mapungwana]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291739|Aplonia Munzverengwi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291740|Bybit Tsomondo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291741|Christine Rambanepasi]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291742|Clara Shumba]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291744|Douglas Mwonzora]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| [[File:Image of Douglas Mwonzora seated in Formal lounge.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291745|Esnath Rwambiwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291746|Gideon Shoko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291747|Helen Zivira]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291750|Joseph Madziva]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291751|Joshua Teke Malinga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291753|Kerina Gweshe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291754|Langton Chikukwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291755|Larry Mavhima]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291756|Maybe Mbowa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291757|Meliwe Phuthi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291758|Mildred Reason Dube]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291759|Molly Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291761|Morgan Komichi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291762|Oliver Chidawu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291764|Phyllis Ndlovu]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291765|Rejoice Timire]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 2018-08
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291766|Shephered Chengeta Gundu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291767|Sikelela Gumpo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291768|Spinani Hungwe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291769|Tambudzani Moyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291770|Tapfumanei Wunganayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291771|Themba Mathuthu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291772|Theresa Maonei Makone]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291774|Tichinani Mavetera]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291775|Voice Chinake]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291776|Watson Khupe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111291777|Witness Bungu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111295117|Shaddy Sai]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313041|Jefta Chindanya]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313199|Phone Madiro]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313735|Agnes Dete]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313737|Edmund Jacob]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313738|Enna Chitsa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313740|Gladys Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313741|Gladys Mabhiza]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313742|Josiah Rimbi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313743|Matson Mpofu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313745|Misheck Chando]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313746|Monica Mustvangwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313747|Obert Gutu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313748|Oriah Kabayanjiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313749|Rutendo Chikukwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313750|Samuel Tsungirirai]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313751|Stanley Sakupwanya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313752|Sydney Sekeremayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313822|Ananias Nyathi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313824|Betty Chikava]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313825|Cephas Chikwanha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313827|Chiratidzo Gava]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313828|Clarissa Muchengeti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313829|Dalumuzi Khumalo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313830|Diamond Mumvuri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313832|Edmond Jacob]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313833|Egneti Makono]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313834|Eunice Sandi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313835|Fanuel Bayayi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313836|Forbes Magadu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313837|Grace Dube]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313838|Greenfield Nyoni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313839|Henry Chikumbiro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313840|Josephine Moyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313841|Kantibhai Patel]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 2005-04-12&lt;br/&gt;1985
| 2008-03-28&lt;br/&gt;1990
| [[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the Samadhi of Kantibhai Govardhanbhai Patel who had migrated to Zimbabwe in 1961 and rose to become a senator and was elected as Member of Parliament, in Harare, Zimbabwe.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313842|Leonard Munotengwa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313843|Livia Gumbura]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313844|Lot Mbambo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313845|Mandy Chimene]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313846|Oria Kabayanjiri]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313847|Richard Hove]]''
| 
| [[IZimbabwe]]
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313848|Rittah Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313849|Sheila Mahere]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313850|Sibangilizwe Msipa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313851|Siriro Majuru]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313852|Stefano Mukusha]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313853|Tazvitya Mapfumo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313854|Thabiso Ndlovu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313855|Tobias Matanga]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313857|Virginia Muchengeti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q111313858|Vivian Muchicho]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>6lf00wkgqtcbiljoqb5o5afgzc1tdge</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Presidents of Uganda</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>9946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131446</id>
      <parentid>124007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-14T12:13:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2160" sha1="jte9e88c2c6iuz2hqhgt0xz4combiu3" xml:space="preserve">This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a President of Uganda who was President twice does not show twice. 

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q18204367 }
|section=
|sort=P39/Q18204367/P580
|sort_order=desc
|columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q18204367/P580:Start date,P39/Q18204367/P582:End date,P18:Image
|thumb=128
|min_section=2
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Article
! description
! Country
! Start date
! End date
! Image
|-
| ''[[:d:Q48231|Idi Amin]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q851|i-Saudi Arabia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1097943|Uganda Protectorate]]''
| 1971-01-25
| 1979-04-11
| [[File:Idi Amin at UN (United Nations, New York) gtfy.00132 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q57274|Yoweri Museveni]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1986-01-29&lt;br/&gt;1986-01-26
| 1986-01-29
| [[File:Yoweri Museveni September 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q210069|Milton Obote]]''
| usombusazwe, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1966-03-02&lt;br/&gt;1980-12-17
| 1971-01-25&lt;br/&gt;1985-07-27
| [[File:President John F. Kennedy with Prime Minister Milton Obote (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q356026|Muteesa II of Buganda]]''
| umbhali, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1963-10-09
| 1966-03-02
| [[File:Sir. Edward Fredrick Mutesa, The President of Uganda.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q376073|Tito Okello]]''
| usombusazwe, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1985-07-29
| 1986-01-26
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q433057|Godfrey Binaisa]]''
| usombusazwe, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1979-06-20
| 1980-05-12
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q452024|Yusuf Lule]]''
| usombusazwe, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1979-04-13
| 1979-06-20
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q497412|Paulo Muwanga]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1980-05-12
| 1980-05-22
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q812677|Bazilio Olara-Okello]]''
| 
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1985-07-27
| 1985-07-29
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1475486|Saulo Musoke]]''
| umehluleli, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1980-05-22
| 1980-12-15
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1627543|Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol]]''
| umehluleli, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1980-05-22
| 1980-12-15
| 
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2102750|Polycarp Nyamuchoncho]]''
| umehluleli, IYuganda
| [[IYuganda]]
| 1980-05-22
| 1980-12-15
| 
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>jte9e88c2c6iuz2hqhgt0xz4combiu3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Ethiopian universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11150</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131450</id>
      <parentid>122450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T00:05:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4992" sha1="narzfm7mv50td3ey8ddy9468a61gy34" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q115 Scholia for Ethiopia]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q115 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1666743|International Livestock Research Institute]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1666743|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1666743/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1238770|Addis Ababa University]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1238770|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1238770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4701848|Aksum University]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4701848|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4701848/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q127415553|Salale University]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q127415553|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q127415553/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298672|Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298672|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298672/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6199299|Jimma University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6199299|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6199299/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30281839|Armauer Hansen Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281839|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281839/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5654075|Haramaya University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5654075|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5654075/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30261647|African Society for Laboratory Medicine]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261647|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261647/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100946231|Haramaya University College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946231|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946231/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280206|Ministry of Health of Ethopia]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280206|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280206/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3315366|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3315366|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3315366/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5248546|Debre Markos University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5248546|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5248546/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100946223|Debre Markos University College of Health Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946223|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946223/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100946232|Haramaya University College of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946232|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100946232/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30280103|Ethiopian Health And Nutrition Research Institute]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280103|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30280103/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55235503|Institute of Ethiopian Studies Addis Ababa University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55235503|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55235503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q6810561|Mekelle University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6810561|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6810561/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q74634800|Gondar University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q74634800|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q74634800/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q77583268|Debre Tabor University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q77583268|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q77583268/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298678|University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298678|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298678/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>narzfm7mv50td3ey8ddy9468a61gy34</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/Ivory Coast universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11156</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131463</id>
      <parentid>131306</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T09:13:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3522" sha1="6ph5kbcepg5re0m1996i1kcm63mwz7d" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1008 Scholia for Ivory Coast]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1008 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| ''[[:d:Q340195|African Development Bank]]''
| 18
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q340195|75]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q340195/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1583390|Félix Houphouët Boigny University]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1583390|27]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1583390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17009378|Mande Studies Association]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378|28]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17009378/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3551369|Université Alassane Ouattara]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551369|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551369/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q273894|Piarists]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2867632|Association des écrivains de Côte d'Ivoire]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2867632|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2867632/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2945414|Centre for Research and Action for Peace]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945414|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945414/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q383924|Africa Rice Center]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383924|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q383924/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q16525157|Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16525157|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16525157/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30261695|National Bureau for Technical Studies and Development]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261695|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30261695/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3152449|National Institute  Polytechnic Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152449|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152449/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q989437|Emmaus]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q989437/missing|📖]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>6ph5kbcepg5re0m1996i1kcm63mwz7d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:GerardM/South African universities et al</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>11171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>131454</id>
      <parentid>130618</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-15T00:43:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>10758</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>131454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28752" sha1="turjujkmmas2rx0nbhqkbcilenia4qe" xml:space="preserve">The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q258 Scholia for South Africa]

{{Wikidata list
|sparql=
SELECT
  ?number_of_authors
  ?number_of_works
  ?item
  (REPLACE(STR(?item), &quot;.*Q&quot;, &quot;Q&quot;) AS ?qid)
  (CONCAT( &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;|&quot;, ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), &quot;]] / &quot;, &quot;[[toolforge:scholia/organization/&quot;, ?qid , &quot;/missing|📖]]&quot;) AS ?scholia)

WITH {  
  SELECT
    ?item
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors)
    (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works)
  WHERE {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q258 .
    ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item .
    ?work wdt:P50 ?author .
  }
  GROUP BY ?item 
} AS %results
WHERE {
  INCLUDE %results
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language &quot;[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh&quot;. }
}
ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia

|columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing)
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! Organization
! Number of authors
! Publications (known/missing)
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseKapa|inyuvesi yeKapa]]
| 103
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305|386]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q951305/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[University of the Witwatersrand]]
| 72
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643|145]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q534643/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1066492|Stellenbosch University]]''
| 59
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492|261]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1066492/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yasePitoli|I-University of Pretoria]]
| 48
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444|80]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q604444/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali]]
| 31
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516|49]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q727516/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi kaRhodes|I-Rhodes University]]
| 24
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757|32]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q377757/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1972050|University of Johannesburg]]''
| 17
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050|43]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1972050/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q475700|University of the Western Cape]]''
| 14
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700|44]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q475700/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565733|South African Medical Research Council]]''
| 13
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565733/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Inyuvesi yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga]]
| 12
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1998811/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q55641219|National Institute for Communicable Diseases]]''
| 11
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55641219/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika|University of South Africa]]
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q677993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2021166|University of Natal]]''
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2021166/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi yaseFree State|I-University of the Free State]]
| 9
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733|14]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1678733/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296386|South African National Biodiversity Institute]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296386/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q746413|Elsevier]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948158|Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences]]''
| 8
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948158/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17052573|National Health Laboratory Service]]''
| 7
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17052573/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q64846052|South African Young Academy of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q64846052/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948390|University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Science]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948390/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1331614|Nelson Mandela University]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1331614/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q849145|Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]]''
| 6
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q849145/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2583379|Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379|22]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2583379/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565708|South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity]]''
| 5
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565708/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q39910516|University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q39910516/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]''
| 4
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Umnyuziyamu waseNingizimu Afrika i-Iziko]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031|17]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6102031/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565742|South African National Bioinformatics Institute]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565742/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[University of Fort Hare]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2005511/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7374853|Royal Society of South Africa]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7374853/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Inyuvesi yakwaZulu|I-University of Zululand]]
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2496192/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q58819597|Extinction Rebellion]]''
| 3
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q58819597/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99288077|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Management]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077|25]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99288077/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1135670|Drum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1135670|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1135670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2070244|FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2070244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296748|Claude Leon Foundation]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296748/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948525|University of Cape Town Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948525/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1325813|Electoral Institute for the Sustainability of Democracy in Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1325813/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7565814|South African Weather Service]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7565814/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948132|University of the Western Cape Faculty of Natural Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948132/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948358|University of the Witwatersrand School of Public Health]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948358/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1077277|Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1077277/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q368400|Groote Schuur Hospital]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q368400/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q657155|The Sunday Times]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q657155/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30254244|Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30254244/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30287338|Agricultural Research Council of South Africa]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30287338/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5008758|CAPRISA]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5008758/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5429065|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Science]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429065/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe YaseTshwane|Inyuvesi yethekhinoloji yaseTshwane]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1147874/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1860280|Vista University]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1860280/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30270484|South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30270484/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30296412|Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30296412/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4294670|Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4294670/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q43896712|Africa Health Research Institute]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896712/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q4709352|Albany Museum]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4709352/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5428977|University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428977/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe yaseDurban]]
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q926710/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q99298942|University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99298942/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q137544|Bang-Bang Club]]''
| 2
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137544/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18333536|Embassy of Sweden, Pretoria]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536|294]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18333536/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[INkonzo Yamaphoyisa YaseNingizimu Afrika|Inkonzo yamaphoyisa eningizimu afrika]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732|19]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1362732/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18355381|Tygerberg Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381|15]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18355381/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[UMkhonto weSizwe]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1136236|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1136236/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5108862|Diocesan College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5108862/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[Umbutho weMpaphamo yabaNsundu]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q880194|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q880194/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q743611|Association for Progressive Communications]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q743611/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q97331388|Orlando Secondary School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97331388|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q97331388/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1497583|St Augustine College of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1497583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1211828|Die Burger]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1211828/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1570993|IBSA Dialogue Forum]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1570993/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948498|University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948498/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q7611957|Steve Biko Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7611957/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100942503|University of Johannesburg Faculty of Science]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100942503/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948537|University of Stellenbosch Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948537/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1509944|Mail &amp; Guardian]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1509944|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1509944/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18559855|Wikimedia South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18559855/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q1900656|Market Theatre]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1900656|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1900656/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q19460826|Cape Town High School]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19460826/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q3129583|Helderberg College]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3129583/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q50035565|National Bioproducts Institute (South Africa)]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50035565/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q5086067|Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5086067/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q100948408|University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Life Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100948408/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108027478|South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108027478/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q108353496|South African National Parks]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q108353496/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q125308112|Association of Southern African Indexers and Bibliographers]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q125308112/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q15848021|South African Congress of Trade Unions]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15848021|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15848021/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17090884|Sol Plaatje University]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17090884/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q17091770|South African Environmental Observation Network]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17091770/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q18391585|National Arts Council of South Africa]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18391585|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q18391585/missing|📖]]
|-
| [[I-Cydata]]
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q21580706/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q262625|The Sowetan]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q262625|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q262625/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q2826172|African Institute for Mathematical Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2826172/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q295642|African National Congress Youth League]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q295642|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q295642/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30262094|Ubuntu Education Fund]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30262094/missing|📖]]
|-
| ''[[:d:Q30265718|South African Association of Women Graduates]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30265718/missing|📖]]
|-
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| ''[[:d:Q6024646|Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee]]''
| 1
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| 1
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|-
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| 1
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| 1
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|-
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| 1
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q100945341|University of Limpopo Faculty of Health Sciences]]''
| 1
| [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q100945341/missing|📖]]
|-
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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|-
| [[INyuvesi Yezobuchwepheshe Emqoka, Free State]]
| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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|-
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| 1
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|-
| ''[[:d:Q28003638|Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa]]''
| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| ''[[:d:Q511491|Kalahari Meerkat Project]]''
| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| ''[[:d:Q6794160|Daily Maverick]]''
| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| 1
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| [[UMnyango Wezolimo, Ukuthuthukiswa Komhlaba Nentuthuko Yasemaphandleni]]
| 1
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  <page>
    <title>Indlwabu</title>
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      <text bytes="6275" sha1="gltfabj30hn7syuq4cuca6n3kqkmsi9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- ISAZISO NESIXWAYISO NGOKUFAKA IZITHOMBE!
Izilotshwa eziphathelene nocansi, mazibe nesithombe esisodwa (1) esiveza isenzo socansi ingcagca, uma kunesidingo sokufakwa kwezinye, kusafanele kuxoxiswane ngalokho ngaphambi kokuthi sifakwe, amavidiyo mawangafakwa nhlobo. Zonke izithombe ezizofakwa esiveza ucansi, zizokhishwa Uma kungavunyelwananga ngazo
Siyabonga, ngokubambisana kwethu kulokhu.--&gt;

'''Indlwabu''' iluhlobo lokuzithokozisa ngokocansu lapho umuntu ezipotoza izitho zangasese ukuza avukelwe ngokocansi noma ukuze azithokozise, kufika kuvuthondaba. Kubantu, lokhu kubandakanya uvuthondaba olwenzeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa kwabesilisa luhambisana nokuchama noma ukuchitha.&lt;ref name=&quot;webmd&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Jennifer|last=Robinson|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/masturbation-guide |title=Masturbation – Is Masturbation Normal or Harmful? Who Masturbates? Why Do People Masturbate? |website=[[WebMD]]|date=4 March 2010 |access-date=17 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmiller&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Lehmiller|first=Justin J.|title=The Psychology of Human Sexuality|edition=Second|publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]|isbn=978-1-119-16470-8|year=2017|page=402|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ytk5DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT402|quote=Masturbation refers to all solo forms of self-stimulation focusing on the genitals. Masturbation practices vary widely depending upon the individual's body and personal preferences. For instance, masturbation among women may involve manipulation of the clitoris and labia, stimulation of the breasts, or vaginal penetration with a sex toy. [...] Among men, masturbation most frequently involves using one or both hands to stimulate the penis. Of course, men sometimes utilize sex toys too (e.g., masturbation sleeves, butt-plugs, etc.).}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nadal&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Christin P.|last1=Bowman|editor-last1=Nadal|editor-first1=Kevin L.|editor-last2=Mazzula|editor-first2=Silvia L.|editor-last3=Rivera|editor-first3=David P.|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender|publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE]]|isbn=978-1-4833-8427-6|year=2017|page=1123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYoDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1123|quote=Masturbation is the act of touching or otherwise stimulating one's own body, particularly one's genitals, for the purpose of sexual pleasure and/or orgasm. The term is most commonly used to describe solitary masturbation, in which people provide themselves with sexual stimulation while they are physically alone. Mutual masturbation is when two or more people manually stimulate their own body or each other's bodies.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ukuzipotoza kungabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezandla, noma yini eseduze, amathoyizi wocansi, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa umlomo.&lt;ref name=&quot;webmd&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lehmiller&quot; /&gt; Ukushaya indlwabu kungenziwa ngabantu ababili abayizithandani, beyishaya ndawonye, noma omunye ebukele omunye eshaya indlwabu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bruess&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Upton&quot;&gt;{{cite book |vauthors=Upton D|title=Nursing &amp; Health Survival Guide: Health Promotion|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-90617-9|year=2014|page=52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VnvJAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA52}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Brynie|first=Faith Hickman|title=101 Questions about Sex and Sexuality, 2nd Edition: With Answers for the Curious, Cautious, and Confused|publisher=Lerner Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-76132-634-2|year=2013|page=24|access-date=December 17, 2023|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ6YAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukushaya indlwabu umkhuba owenziwa abantu bobulili bonke. Kukhona izinzuzo zokwelapha nezomqondo okuthiwa zikhona kulaboabanesimo sengqondo esihlo ngobuqhebeqhebe bocansi jikelele nakulabo abashaya ndlwabu. Ukushaya indlwabu kuthathwa njengomkhuba obempilo, oyingxenye yokuzithokozisa ngokocansi. Ukushaya indlwabu bekulokhu kuvezwa kwezobuciko kusuka endulo, futhi kuyathintwa libuye kudingidwe emibhalweni yakudala. Izinkolo ziyahwexuza nemibono yazo ngendlwabu. Ekhulwini leminyaka le-18 nele-19, abanye abachazithixo baseYurophu nabelaphi babechazisa indlwabu njengento embi, Kodwa ekhulwini lama-20, kwaphel ukuba ichilo kwayo. Bezilokhu zanda izingxoxo nokuvezwa kwendlwabu kwezobuciko, kwezomculo, kumabonakude, izingqayi, nobicikomazwi. Ngokomthetho, indlwabu ayobhekeangendlela efanayo emazweni, Kodwa ukushaya indlwabu esidlabgalaleni noma obala akuvunyelwe emazweni amaningi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hallikeri |first1=Vinay R. |last2=Gouda |first2=Hareesh S. |last3=Aramani |first3=Sunil C. |last4=Vijaykumar |first4=A.G. |last5=Ajaykumar |first5=T.S. |date=July–December 2010 |title=MASTURBATION—AN OVERVIEW |url=http://www.jfmtonline.org/current/masterbation_an_overview.php |journal=Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=46–49 |issn=0971-1929 |quote=Today, masturbatory act is considered as a healthy practice when done in private and an offence if done in the public in most of the countries. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821082841/http://www.jfmtonline.org/current/masterbation_an_overview.php |archive-date=21 August 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Izilwane nazo ziye zakhangelwa zishaya indlwabu ehlane noma enqobokeni.&lt;ref name=&quot;Poiani2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Aldo|last=Poiani|title=Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EftT_1bsPOAC&amp;q=%28masturbation+OR+masturbate%29|date=19 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49038-2|pages=232–235, 394}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.petplace.com/horses/breeding-soundness-examination-of-the-stallion/page2.aspx |title=Breeding Soundness Examination of the Stallion |website=Petplace.com |access-date=29 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905032903/http://www.petplace.com/horses/breeding-soundness-examination-of-the-stallion/page2.aspx |archive-date=5 September 2011 |date=2014-12-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bagemihl, 1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bagemihl|first=Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/biologicalexuber00bage|url-access=registration|quote=(masturbate OR masturbation).|title=Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity|publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-312-19239-6 |access-date=21 October 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Izinkombo==</text>
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'''UNomfundo Ngcobo''' (owazalwa zi-18 kuNtulikazi 2000), owaziwa njengoNomfundoh '''Moh''' ungumculi waseNingizimu Afrika. Wazalelwa futhi wakhulela eNdwendwe, KwaZulu-Natali, umsebenzi wakhe waqala eneminyaka eyi-16 ngo-2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Motumi|first=Mpiletso|date=2021-02-22|title=Music spotlight beckons for KZN's Nomfundo Moh|url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/the-star/news/music-spotlight-beckons-for-kzns-nomfundo-moh-a44c8989-cc40-42f2-b458-f23403f88263|accessdate=2022-02-02|publisher=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;drum&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mbendeni |first=Alutho |date=2022-01-12 |title=Rising star {{!}} Nomfundo Moh on the making of her debut album - 'I want to connect with people through music' {{!}} Drum |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/rising-star-nomfundo-moh-on-the-making-of-her-debut-album-i-want-to-connect-with-people-through-music-20220112 |access-date=2022-03-09 |publisher=Drum |location=South Africa |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; UMah waqala ukuqashelwa ngemuva kokukhipha i-&quot;Lilizela&quot; ngo-2021, eyathola isitifiketi se-platinum eNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=If Nomfundo Moh: 'In every song there's a story -PressReader|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/daily-news-south-africa/20210610/281874416346705|url-access=subscription|accessdate=2022-06-14|via=[[PressReader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngemva kokusayina isivumelwano sokurekhoda ne- Universal Music, waduma nge-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yesitudiyo ''ethi Amagama'' (2022), eyafinyelela ePlatinum yiRecording Industry of South Africa (RiSA). Yandulelwa izingoma eziphumelele kwezohwebo &quot;Phakade Lami&quot;, &quot;Lilizela&quot;, &quot;Umthwalo&quot;.

== Umsebenzi ==
Wafunda e-Intaphuka Primary School wabe esebhalisa [[INyuvesi yakwaZulu-Natali|eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali]] nge-Bachelor of Social Work Degree.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sunday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-14|title=Nomfundo Moh juggles social work and music|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/lifestyle/nomfundo-moh-juggles-social-work-and-music/|accessdate=2022-02-02|publisher=Sunday World}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Witness&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jantilal |first=Rajesh |date=2022-05-16 |title=Nomfundo Moh gets double platinum plaque for hit song at UKZN graduation {{!}} Witness |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/witness/news/kzn/nomfundo-moh-gets-double-platinum-plaque-for-hit-song-at-ukzn-graduation-20220515 |access-date=2022-05-16 |publisher=Witness |location=South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala womculo waqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010, njengomculi wezici.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=25 July 2022|title=Nomfundo Moh is all about the 'Soft Life'|url=https://www.bona.co.za/celebrity/soft-life-with-nomfundo-moh/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020-2022: ''Amagama'' ===
NgoMandulo 2020, waqala ukusebenza ku-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yesitudiyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Maliba|first=Amanda|date=2022-01-31|title=Nomfundo Moh follows singles success with album|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/life/nomfundo-moh-follows-singles-success-with-album-08048a02-2d01-4978-9965-0f5d878aef4c|accessdate=2022-02-02|publisher=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-2020, wasayina isivumelwano sokurekhoda ne- Universal Music South Africa . &lt;ref name=&quot;Sunday&quot; /&gt; NgoNhlolanja 2021, iculo lakhe elisha elithi &quot;Lilizela&quot; lakhishwa njengeculo elihamba phambili le-albhamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-10|title=Nomfundo Moh always believed she was a star : New Frame|url=https://www.newframe.com/nomfundo-moh-always-believed-she-was-a-star/|accessdate=2022-05-08|website=New Frame}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=de Klerk|first=Angelo|date=2021-03-01|title=Odd Interview: Nomfundo Moh - Odd Magazine|url=https://www.oddmag.co/2021/03/01/odd-interview-nomfundo-moh/amp/|accessdate=2022-06-12|website=Odd Magazine}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingoma yaqinisekiswa njengePlatinum eNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Slikour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Phukubye|first=Ofentse|date=2022-08-09|title=Nomfundo Moh's 'Amagama' Album Receives 7 Plaques|url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/22899/at-nomfundo-mohs-amagama-receives-7-plaques|accessdate=2022-09-13|publisher=Slikour On Life|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912150423/https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/22899/at-nomfundo-mohs-amagama-receives-7-plaques|archive-date=2022-09-12|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

NgoNhlangulana 2021, i-single yesibili ye-albhamu ethi &quot;Umthwalo&quot; yakhululwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Joyce|first=Liam Karabo|date=2020-06-21|title=Nomfundo Moh releases 'uMthwalo' off her upcoming album|url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/entertainment/music/local/nomfundo-moh-releases-umthwalo-off-her-upcoming-album-92ce30da-e412-48d9-a0de-f9af7ae6c5a5|accessdate=2022-01-30|publisher=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngo-Mfumfu 7, 2021, i-single yakhe yesithathu ethi &quot;Phakade Lami&quot; enomculi waseNingizimu Afrika [[Ami Faku|U-Ami Faku]] kanye nomculi owazalelwa eZimbabwe USha Sha yakhululwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Darangwa|first=Shingai|date=2021-11-20|title=Nomfundo Moh: Ami Faku and Sha Sha collabo was a surprise gift|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/nomfundo-moh-ami-faku-and-sha-sha-collabo-was-a-surprise-gift-7bab92ac-6424-4d0b-b8f2-89fe02990351|accessdate=2022-01-30|publisher=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sibiya|first=Sizwe|date=2021-10-22|title=Female artists give isiZulu spin to 80s classic {{!}} ScrollaAfrica|url=https://scrolla.africa/female-artists-give-isizulu-spin-to-80s-classic/|accessdate=2022-06-12|website=ScrollaAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaqala inombolo 1 ku-I-Metro FM Top 40 Charts futhi inombolo 4 ku-Most Popular Radio Singles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Risa Landing Page|url=https://www.risa.org.za|accessdate=2022-03-09|publisher=RiSA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngaphezu kwalokho, &quot;Phakade Lami&quot; wangena ku-Top 10 inombolo 7 kuma-Local Streaming Charts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 December 2021|title=The hottest local digital music streaming chart in South Africa|url=https://theofficialsacharts.co.za/the-hottest-local-digital-music-streaming-chart-in-south-africa-week-49/|accessdate=2024-07-28|website=The Official South African Charts}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le ngoma yaqinisekiswa nge-6x platinum eNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomfundo Moh is in her soft life era as her debut album and songs climb multi-platinum status|url=https://www.snl24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/nomfundo-moh-is-in-her-soft-life-era-as-her-debut-album-and-songs-climb-multi-platinum-status-20230519|accessdate=2026-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530230102/https://www.snl24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/nomfundo-moh-is-in-her-soft-life-era-as-her-debut-album-and-songs-climb-multi-platinum-status-20230519|archive-date=2023-05-30|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-14|title='Phakade Lami' hitmaker, Nomfundo Moh, awarded double platinum plaque at UKZN graduation|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/news/phakade-lami-hitmaker-nomfundo-moh-awarded-double-platinum-plaque-at-ukzn-graduation-bf80175b-16e9-4546-a678-920c65b154ef|accessdate=2022-05-16|website=Independent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nteyi|first=Zama|date=2021-05-16|title=Nomfundo Moh I Couldn't Believe It|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/dailysun/celebs/singer-nomfundo-moh-i-couldnt-believe-it-20220515|accessdate=2022-05-17|publisher=DailySun}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Witness&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slikour&quot; /&gt;

Ngomhlaka-28 Masingana 2022, kwakhishwa i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala yesitudiyo ethi ''Amagama'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=De Wee|first=Naledi|date=2022-01-28|title=New Music Friday: Nomfundo Moh makes her soulful debut [listen]|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/music/new-music-friday-nomfundo-moh-amagama/|accessdate=2022-01-30|publisher=The South African}}&lt;/ref&gt; I-albhamu yayihlanganisa izingxenye ze -Rnb, i-Traditional pop, kanye ne-hip hop. ''I-Amagama'' ifinyelele endaweni yesi-7 kumashadi e-albhamu ye -Spotify . Ekuqaleni kukaNdasa ngo 2022, uMoh waboniswa ohlelweni lwe- Apple Music on Africa Rising. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shumba|first=Ano|date=2022-03-08|title=SA: Apple Music adds Nomfundo Moh to Africa Rising programme {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-apple-music-adds-nomfundo-moh-africa-rising-programme|accessdate=2022-01-09|publisher=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dennis|date=7 March 2022|title=Apple Music's latest Africa Rising artist is Afro-pop singer, Nomfundo Moh - Groove Africa|url=https://groove-africa.com/apple-musics-latest-africa-rising-artist-is-afro-pop-singer-nomfundo-moh/|accessdate=2022-04-29|publisher=Groove Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngomhlaka-13 Mbasa, waqokwa njengenxusa le-Equal Africa Ambassador yi- Spotify . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bambalele|first=Patience|date=2022-04-12|title=Nomfundo Moh named Equal Africa Ambassador by Spotify|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2022-04-12-nomfundo-moh-named-equal-africa-ambassador-by-spotify/|accessdate=2022-04-29|publisher=Sowetan LIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt; NgoNhlaba 2022, wabonakala emkhankasweni we ''-Shay'na nge White Star'', ohlanganisa izinsuku ezimbili. &lt;ref name=&quot;Music In Africa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shumba|first=Ano|date=2022-05-16|title=SA: Shay'na nge White Star back for season three {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-shayna-nge-white-star-back-season-three|accessdate=2022-05-17|publisher=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umbukiso wokuqala wabanjelwa [[IGoli (idolobha)|eGoli]] ngomhlaka-12 Nhlaba, kanti owokugcina wabanjelwa eThekwini ngomhlaka-21 Nhlaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Music In Africa&quot; /&gt;

=== 2023-2025: ''Ugcobo'', ''Amashumi Amabili Nane'' ===
NgoNdasa 2023, uMoh wamemezela i-albhamu yakhe yesibili yesitudiyo ''i-Ugcobo'' kanye nengoma yayo ehamba phambili ethi &quot;Amalobolo&quot; equkethe [[Big Zulu|iBig Zulu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Moloi|first=Atlehang|date=2023-09-03|title=Nomfundo Moh Announces Her Forthcoming Studio Album, 'Ugcobo'|url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/23999/nomfundo-moh-announces-her-forthcoming-studio-album-ugcobo|website=Slikour On Life|accessdate=2026-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314065527/https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/23999/nomfundo-moh-announces-her-forthcoming-studio-album-ugcobo|archive-date=2023-03-14|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingoma ikhishwe ngoNdasa 10, 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Phukubye|first=Ofentse|date=2023-03-10|title=Nomfudo Moh Drops Lead Single To Her Forthcoming Album Titled 'Amalobolo'|url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/24009/nomfudo-moh-drops-lead-single-to-her-forthcoming-album-titled-amalobolo|accessdate=2023-03-11|website=Slikour On Life}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingoma ethi &quot;Uthando Lunye&quot; yamenyezelwa njengengoma yesibili ngo-Mbasa 25, 2023, nge-akhawunti yakhe ye-Instagram, eyakhishwa ngo-Mbasa 28, 2023. ''I-Ugcobo'' yakhululwa ngoNhlaba 26, 2023. Yaba yi-albhamu yakhe yokuqala ukuqoqa ukusakazwa okungu-1 million kungakapheli nesonto ikhishwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mukandila|first=Johana|date=6 June 2023|title=Nomfundo Moh's album Ugcobo hits over one million streams in 7 days|url=https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/nomfundo-mohs-album-ugcobo-hits-over-one-million-streams-in-7-days/|accessdate=2023-06-10|website=Bona Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngasekupheleni kukaNhlaba 2024, uNomfundo Moh wamemezela i-albhamu yakhe yesithathu yesitudiyo ethi ''Twenty Four''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Khulu|first=Ntombi|date=24 May 2024|title=Nomfundo Moh talks new music and opening a restaurant|url=https://www.snl24.com/truelove/celebrity/nomfundo-moh-talks-new-music-and-opening-a-restaurant-20240524|url-access=subscription|accessdate=2024-07-06|website=True Love}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2026-manje: ''Ipulazi uJulia'' ===
Ngasekupheleni kukaNhlolanja 2026, uMoh wakhipha ingoma yakhe ethi &quot;Uzophumelela&quot; njengengoma ehamba phambili ye-albhamu futhi wamemezela i-albhamu yesine yesitudiyo ''ethi Farm Julia''. I-albhamu yakhishwa ngo-Mbasa 3, 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomfundo Moh Release New Single 'Uzophumelele' Ahead Of Her 'Farm Julia' Album|url=https://slikouronlife.co.za/nomfundo-moh-release-new-single-uzophumelele-ahead-of-her-farm-julia-album/|accessdate=2026-03-09|website=Slikouronlife}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amabhizinisi ==
NgoNhlaba 2024, uMoh wavula indawo yakhe yokudlela iLa Mar eSpruitview Shopping Centre, e-Ekurhuleni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nonkonyane|first=Limpho|date=26 March 2024|title=Nomfundo Moh introduces La Mar restaurant|url=https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/nomfundo-moh-introduces-la-mar-restaurant/|accessdate=2024-07-06|website=Bona Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuciko ==
UMah ucaphuna [[Brenda Fassie|uBrenda Fassie]], [[Ami Faku|u-Ami Faku]], uSimmy, no [[Amanda Black|-Amanda Black]] njengabantu abamthonya kakhulu.&lt;ref name=&quot;drum&quot; /&gt;

== I-Discography ==

=== Ama-albhamu esitudiyo ===

[[Category:Abantu baphilayo]]
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    <title>Impuphu yommbila</title>
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      <text bytes="30490" sha1="px1kjxh28iziuqrcm8al8hy2w2czrsb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| image = Polenta uncooked.jpg
| main_ingredient = Maize
| cookbook = Maize meal
}}
'''Impuphu yommbila''' (inqafunqafu encushuzwe ngommbila owomisiwe. Iwukudla okuvamile futhi incushuzwe kube iqhafu eliphakathi, kodwa akuyona incushuncushu eqothekile njengomthubazo womdloyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Schlette|first=Jennifer|date=2021-10-26|title=What's the Difference Between Corn Flour and Cornmeal? Solved|url=https://kitchensubstitute.com/corn-flour-vs-cornmeal/|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=Kitchen Substitute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 April 2014|title=Difference Between Cornmeal and Corn Flour|url=https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-cornmeal-and-vs-corn-flour/|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[IMekisiko|EMexico]] naseLouisiana, impuphu yommbila okuqotheke kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi umthubazo wommbila.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herbst&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is corn meal in Mexico?|url=https://onebigpoint.com/what-is-corn-meal-in-mexico|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=onebigpoint.com}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapho impuphu yommbila eqothekile kwenziwa ngommbila osanda kuciliswa oketshezini olungqubathi, ngokwesibonelo, amanzi omcako (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-nixtamalization), kubizwa ngokuthi i-masa harina (noma umthabazo we-masa,) esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-arepa, ama-tamales, nama-tortilla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=It's Easy to Make Your Own Tortillas With Masa Harina|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/what-is-masa-harina-4778541|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=The Spruce Eats|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Impuphu yommbila ephekiwe ibizwa ngokuthi I-polenta isiyambazi noma isibhaqanga futhi yisidlo esingokwesiko eNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cornmeal|url=https://www.chefsteps.com/ingredients/cornmeal--2|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=www.chefsteps.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528104651/https://www.chefsteps.com/ingredients/cornmeal--2|archive-date=2023-05-28|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinhlobo ==
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zempuphu yommbila:

* Impuphu yommbila elundwa inombala olundwa noma onsomi. Igaywe ngommbila olundwa futhi inokunambitheka okumnandi. Impuphu yommbila iqukethe izinhlamvu zommbila ezomisiwe ezigaywe zibe eziqotheke kakhulu noma kahle.&lt;ref name=&quot;AmEthnic&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |year=1990 |title=Encounters With American Ethnic Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGMTH77C6RwC |publisher=[[University of Alabama]] |isbn=0-8173-0471-1 |editor-last=Kilbride |editor-first=Philip |location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama |page=82 |access-date=July 24, 2010 |editor-last2=Goodale |editor-first2=Jane |editor-last3=Ameisen |editor-first3=Elizabeth}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=GourmetSleuth|title=Cornmeal|url=https://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/cornmeal|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107120158/http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/cornmeal|archive-date=January 7, 2015|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=Gourmet Sleuth|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Impuphu yommbila ephuzi encushuzwe ngenqimbi, evame kakhulu e-United States, igobolondo ne-germ ye-grain yommbila cishe isuswe ngokuphelele. Ihlala ipholile cishe unyaka uma igcinwe ebhokisini elingavaleki umoya endaweni epholile, eyomile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cornmeal|url=https://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/cornmeal|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107120158/http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/ingredients/detail/cornmeal|archive-date=January 7, 2015|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=Gourmet Sleuth|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Impuphu yommbila encushuzwe ngetshe igcina ingxenye ethile yomzimba kanye negciwane, inikeza unqambothi nomsoco ezindleleni zokupheka. Iyashesha ukumosheka, kodwa izohlala isikhathi eside uma ifakwe esiqandisini. Kodwa-ke, nayo ingahlala izinyanga eziningi uma igcinwe endaweni epholile. &lt;ref name=&quot;AmEthnic&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-11-12|title=Stone-ground Cornmeal vs. Regular Grocery Store Cornmeal: What's the Difference?|url=https://stoneycreekfarmtennessee.com/stone-ground-cornmeal-vs-regular-grocery-store-cornmeal-whats-the-difference/|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=Stoney Creek Farm|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Impuphu yommbila (yokwenza uphuthu), eyenziwe ngommbila omhlophe, ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Afrika. Iphinde ithandwe ENingizimu ye-United States ngokwenza isinkwa sommbila.&lt;ref name=&quot;AmEthnic&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Difference Between White and Yellow Cornmeal (With Table) – Ask Any Difference|url=https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-white-and-yellow-cornmeal/|accessdate=2022-05-04|website=askanydifference.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukusetshenziswa ngokwesifunda ==

=== I-Afrika ===
[[File:Nsima_Relishes.JPG|thumb|250x250px|I-''[[Iyambazi|i-nshima]]'' yaseNingizimu Afrika (ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla), idliwa ngezishebo ezintathu.]]

* Tuwo masara - enyakatho [[INigeria|Nigeria]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Eshemokha|first=Udomoh|date=2020-07-31|title=TUWO MASARA: Health Benefits, How to prepare Tuwo Masara, Tuwo Masara Recipes|url=https://nimedhealth.com.ng/2020/07/31/tuwo-masara-health-benefits-how-to-prepare-tuwo-masara-tuwo-masara-recipes/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Nigerian Health Blog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Recipe of Ultimate Corn meal swallow (tuwon masara) - cookandrecipe.com|url=https://cookandrecipe.com/us/2958-recipe-of-ultimate-corn-meal-swallow-tuwon-masara.html|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=cookandrecipe.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Impuphul]] noma impuphul yommbila - Southern Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Heerden|first=Ingrid van|title=Mieliepap (maize meal porridge) and the glycaemic index|url=https://www.news24.com/health24/diet-and-nutrition/nutrition-basics/Mieliepap-maize-meal-porridge-and-the-glycaemic-index-20130210|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Health24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nomadi'' - [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Corn Meal|url=https://ifood.tv/corn/corn-meal/about|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=ifood.tv|language=en|archive-date=2023-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528104703/https://ifood.tv/corn/corn-meal/about|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Iyambazi|''Nshima'' or ''bwali'']] - [[IZambiya|eZambiya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nshima and Ndiwo – Mwizenge S. Tembo|url=https://wp.bridgewater.edu/mtembo/zambian-foods/nshima-and-ndiwo/|accessdate=2022-05-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-08-03|title=Nshima: A Staple Food in Zambia|url=https://theturquoisetable.com/nshima-a-staple-food-in-zambia/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=The Turquoise Table|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Nshima? (with pictures)|url=https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-nshima.htm|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=www.wise-geek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Nsima'' - [[IMalawi|eMalawi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-06|title=Learn to Make Nsima, Malawi's Staple Food|url=https://orantcharitiesafrica.org/learn-to-make-nsima-malawis-staple-food/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Orant Charities Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNESCO - Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nsima-culinary-tradition-of-malawi-01292|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=ich.unesco.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Oshifima'' or ''oshimbob'' - [[INamibhiya|eNamibiya]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* ''[[Iyambazi|Sadza]] /'' [[Iyambazi|isitshwala]]''/''   - [[IZimbabwe|eZimbabwe]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sadza {{!}} Traditional Porridge From Zimbabwe {{!}} TasteAtlas|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/sadza|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=www.tasteatlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=Sadza - Ugali (African Cornmeal)|url=https://cheflolaskitchen.com/sadza-ugali/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Chef Lola's Kitchen|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-10-22|title=How to make plain Sadza|url=https://www.zimbokitchen.com/how-to-make-plain-sadza/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=ZimboKitchen|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Iyambazi|Ugali]]'' - emaChibino amakhulu (''sima'' and ''posho'' in [[IYuganda|Uganda]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=chefbrad|date=2008-05-02|title=Ugali Recipe (African cornmeal mush)|url=https://www.whats4eats.com/grains/ugali-recipe|accessdate=2020-05-28|website=Whats4eats|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Amaqondiso asebenzisa impuphu njengomqobelo owengeziwe ahlanganisa  ''fufu'' (''foufou'') in Central and West Africa.
* ''Soor'' - [[ISomaliya|Somalia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somali Corn Grits (Soor Furfur ah) (Zijjo zaa Gelle) Semoule de Maïs Somali {{!}} Xawaash.com|url=https://xawaash.com/?p=2125|accessdate=2022-05-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Alex|date=2020-12-24|title=11 Traditional Somalian Foods Everyone Should Try|url=https://medmunch.com/somalia-food/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Medmunch|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Impupho yommbila isetshenzisw njengomqobelo owengeziwe makwenziwa  ''injera'' noma 'lahoh'', iqebelengwan lomdabuko Lamazwe asophondweni lweAfrika ([[IJibhuthi|Djibouti]], [[I-Eritrea|Eritrea]], [[I-Itiyopiya|Ethiopia]] and [[ISomaliya|Somalia]]) nase [[IYemen|Yemen]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-15|title=Injera|url=https://www.africanbites.com/injera/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Immaculate Bites|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lahoh Sana'ani|url=http://www.shebayemenifood.com/content/lahoh-sanaani|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Sheba Yemeni Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kristi|title=National Dish of Somalia Lahoh|url=https://nationalfoods.org/recipe/national-dish-of-somalia-lahoh/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=National Dishes of the World|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-09-03|title=Ethiopian Flat Bread Injera|url=https://gayathriscookspot.com/2015/09/ethiopian-flat-bread-injera/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Gayathri's Cook Spot|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Poudine maïs'' - [[IMorishisi|Mauritius]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-08-14|title=Poudine Mais-Mauritian Sweet|url=https://gayathriscookspot.com/2012/08/poudine-mais-mauritian-sweet/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Gayathri's Cook Spot|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Mauritian Polenta Pudding aka &quot;Poudine Maïs&quot;|url=https://atablewithaulson.com/blog/mauritian-polenta-pudding-aka-poudine-mais/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=à table with Aulson|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205210457/https://www.atablewithaulson.com/blog/mauritian-polenta-pudding-aka-poudine-mais/|dead-url=yes}}This is a local dessert dish made from maize flour in which milk, sugar, dried sultanas and cardamon powder are cooked together. The cooked paste is poured on a tray and coconut powder is sprinkled thereon and left to cool. This dessert is often cut into triangular shapes and can be bought from food vendors in the streets of Port Louis and also in market fairs around the island.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Sosso maïs''- [[IRiyunion|Reunion Island]]

=== ICaribbean ===

* Impuphu yedokwe - ukudla okuthandwayo okudliwa ekuseni eJamaica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Murphy|first=Winsome|date=2004-03-14|title=Jamaican Cornmeal Porridge Recipe|url=https://jamaicans.com/cporridge/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Jamaicans.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-cou-cou - ingxenye yokudla kwesizwe saseBarbados, &quot;i-cou-chou nenhlanzi endizayo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sacirbey |first=Omar |date=2009-11-11 |title=Flying fish dish is a taste of Barbados |url=https://archive.boston.com/lifestyle/food/articles/2009/11/11/cou_cou_and_flying_fish_is_a_favorite_traditional_dish_with_barbadians/ |access-date=2022-05-05 |work=Boston.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Funche - ukudla kwasekuseni okujwayelekile IPuerto Rico okuphekwe ngobisi lukakhukhunathi, ubisi, amagilebhisi, ibhotela, ama-clove, i-vanilla, ushizi, ushukela noma uju bese kufakwa isithelo nesinamoni. Kukhona futhi i-funche enoshukela eyenziwe ngenyama kammbila, ubisi lukakhukhunathi, isitshalo senkukhu, i-sofrito nezinye izithako. Lezi zivame ukudliwa nezinhlanzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-03-09|title=Funche (Puerto Rican Polenta)|url=https://hispanickitchen.com/2014/03/09/funche-puerto-rican-polenta/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Hispanic Kitchen|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528104653/https://hispanickitchen.com/2014/03/09/funche-puerto-rican-polenta/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-19|title=8 Best Puerto Rican Breakfast Foods for a True Boricua Breakfast|url=https://blog.amigofoods.com/index.php/puerto-rican-foods/puerto-rican-breakfast-foods/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Amigofoods|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Funchi eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fungee / i-mush - i-cornmeal mush ephekwe futhi ipholishiwe ibe yi-budding eqinile, ngezinye izikhathi idliwa ne-saltfish noma i-pepperpot. Idliwa eziqhingini zaseCuraçao, eSaint Martin futhi iyingxenye yokudla kwesizwe sase-Antigua naseBarbuda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-04|title=Fungee and Pepperpot National Dish of Antigua|url=https://jiriecaribbean.com/fungee-and-pepperpot-national-dish-of-antigua/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Jirie Caribbean|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204162729/https://jiriecaribbean.com/fungee-and-pepperpot-national-dish-of-antigua/|archive-date=2022-02-04|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=National Dish of Antigua and Barbuda – Fungee|url=https://nationalfoods.org/recipe/fungee-national-dish-of-antigua-and-barbuda/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=Nationalfoody|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124164238/https://nationalfoods.org/recipe/fungee-national-dish-of-antigua-and-barbuda/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Mayi moulen - isidlo sokudla ummbila eHaiti esivame ukuphekwa nenhlanzi noma i-spinach. Ingadliwa ne-avocado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=JB|first=Nathalie|date=2013-01-17|title=Mayi moulen ak Epina e Zaboka (Cornmeal with Spinach and Avocado)|url=https://mangeonslakay.wordpress.com/2013/01/17/mayi-moulen-ak-epina-e-zaboka-cornmeal-with-spinach-and-avocado/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=PILON LAKAY|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IMpumalanga Asia ===

* Idokwe lommbila ogandayiwe elaziwa ngokuthi i-Xin (Jin Chinese: &lt;nowiki&gt;[[ʂaʔ ʂaʔ fã]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; noma &lt;nowiki&gt;[[səŋ səŋ fã]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;) ivame kakhulu kune-porridge ye-millet eShanxi naseShaanxi ngenxa yokungafani kokukhiqizwa kwayo kwendawo.&lt;ref name=&quot;tyrb 20210908&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2006-05-11 |title=山西日常饮食风俗 |url=https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-05-11/20359834007.shtml |work=山西新闻网 |via=Sina}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=邢向东 |date=2014 |title=吴堡方言调查研究 |last2=王兆富 |publisher=中华书局 |pages=51, 54, 57}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngisho noma kwenziwa i-foxtail millet porridge, ivame ukufakwa ummbila ogandayiwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;tyrb 20210908&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=郝妙海 |date=2021-09-08 |title=糁糁饭 |url=http://epaper.tyrbw.com/tyrb/resfile/2021-09-08/07/tyrb2021090807.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820173142/http://epaper.tyrbw.com/tyrb/resfile/2021-09-08/07/tyrb2021090807.pdf |archive-date=2023-08-20 |work=太原日报 |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; NgesiJi-lu Mandarin, i-porridge yommbila eyindilinga yaziwa ngokuthi i-棒子面ī ''bangzimianzhou''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=曹克谦 |date=2022-04-16 |title=【武垣风】家乡的棒子面粥 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/sBJOw_9sBQ7_gPD29kQYHA |work=肃宁周报}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''U-Wo tou'' - Isinkwa sommbila sifana nesidleke senyoni, okuqanjwe ngaso ngaso igama. Ngokuvamile idliwa enyakatho yeChina, futhi ingase iqukethe ama-jujube omisiwe nezinye izinto zokunambithisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kasell|first=Frank|title=Cornbread!|url=https://www.chinesestreetfood.com/2013/01/cornbread.html|accessdate=2022-05-05|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=3 October 2019|title=Royal Steamed Cornbread Recipe|url=https://www.mychineserecipes.com/recipe/royal-steamed-cornbread-recipe/|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=My Chinese Recipes|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Food Folk Tales: Woutou|url=https://uchicagobite.com/blog/2021/5/3/food-folk-tales-woutou|accessdate=2022-05-05|website=BITE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IYurophu ===

* ''I-Arapash'' noma ''I-Harapash'' - i-Albania (ifana nesitayela saseRomania kodwa ivame ukuhlanganiswa nezitho zezinyane, noma/no-cheese wembuzi) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=10 Most Popular Southeastern European Porridges|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/most-popular-porridges-in-southeastern-europe|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=www.tasteatlas.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Farina di granturco - I-Italy (ingafani ne-farina, eyenziwe ngokolweni) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Daniel|date=2013-06-11|title=Italian flour: types and terminology|url=https://breadcakesandale.com/2013/06/11/italian-flour-types-and-terminology/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Bread, Cakes And Ale|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-''g'omi'' (Georgian_language&quot; id=&quot;mwAXc&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Georgian language&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Georgian), i-''''tshvishtari'''' - i-Georgia (i-g'omi ifana ne-polenta, i-g'adi - isinkwa sommbila, i-shvishtari). Yaziwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene ezilimini zendawo (Abkhaz, Adyghe: мамрыс mamrys, Ingush: журан-худар juran-hudar, I-Nogai:правиза ''I-mamyrza'', Iron Ossetic: дзыкка ''dzykka'' noma сера sera), isakazeke nakwezinye izindlela zokupheka zaseCaucasus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-05|title=Corn bread with cheese (chvishtari ჭვიშტარი)|url=https://georgiancook.com/corn-bread-cheese-chvishtari-%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Georgiancook|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222212952/https://georgiancook.com/corn-bread-cheese-chvishtari-%E1%83%AD%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-03-29|title=MCHADI (GEORGIAN CORNBREAD)|url=https://georgianrecipes.net/2013/03/29/mchadi-georgian-cornbread/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Georgian Recipes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;
* Ukudla KwaseNdiya Noma Ukudla Okuphuzi - I-Ireland
* ''IKachamak'' (ikachak) - [[IBulgariya|IBulgaria]], [[INyakatho Masedoniya|INyakatho Macedonia]] naseSerbia&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kachamak Recipe|url=https://www.food.com/recipe/kachamak-488539|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=www.food.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kachamak /Polenta Balkan style/|url=https://www.soofoodies.com/recipe/kachamak-polenta/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=SooFoodies|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526144708/https://www.soofoodies.com/recipe/kachamak-polenta/|archive-date=2022-05-26|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mălai'' - Romania (isinkwa sommbila ngokwaso; silungiselelwe njenge-''mămăligă'') &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Reznic|first=Michal|title=Mamaliga (Romanian Polenta)|url=https://jamiegeller.com/recipes/mamaliga-romanian-polenta/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Jamie Geller|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mămăligă: A Romanian-Style Cornmeal Porridge Similar to Polenta|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/romanian-cornmeal-porridge-recipe-mamaliga-1137442|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=The Spruce Eats|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528162720/https://www.thespruceeats.com/romanian-cornmeal-porridge-recipe-mamaliga-1137442|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''IPolenta'' - eningizimu yeYurophu, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho ye-Italy  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Polenta?|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/how-to/packages/food-network-essentials/what-is-polenta|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Food Network|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Smooth and Creamy Polenta Recipe|url=https://www.seriouseats.com/smooth-creamy-polenta-recipe|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Serious Eats|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Polenta|url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/glossary/polenta-glossary/amp|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=BBC Good Food|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''I-Banush'' - I-Ukraine (isidlo esilungiswe ngokudla kwommbila esenezelwe, esiphakanyiswe nge-carnish noma amakhowe kanye ne-bryndza njll. Lesi sidlo sithandwa esifundeni saseCarpathian entshonalanga ye-Ukraine) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2022|title=Hutsul Dish Banosh/ Banush Recipe|url=https://www.chefspencil.com/recipe/hutsul-dish-banosh-banush/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Chef's Pencil|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hutsul Banush, Ukraine National Cuisine - Recipes, Pictures, Info.|url=https://ukrainefood.info/recipes/mains/125-hutsul-banush|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=ukrainefood.info|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Banush - Recipe With Photo {{!}} Recipes 2022|url=https://culinaryfoodrecipes.com/7985272-banush-recipe-with-photo|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Culinary food recipes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Kuymak - Turkey, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ezizungeze uLwandle Olumnyama.

=== INyakatho Melika ===
[[File:Dunkin-Donuts-Corn-Muffin.jpg|thumb|[[IMuffin|I-muffin]] yommbila evela eDunkin' DonutsAma-Dunkin' Donuts]]
[[File:Mingus-mill-interior1.jpg|right|thumb|Amatshe okugaya ngaphakathi kweMingus Mill, ezintabeni ezinkulu ze-Smoky zaseNyakatho Carolina. Ummbila ufakwa kuyi-hopper (phezulu kwesokudla) eyenza kancane kancane ingene ematsheni okugaya (phakathi nendawo). I-grindstone igaya ummbila ube i-cornmeal, bese iwukhipha ube ibhakede (ngezansi kwesobunxele). Amatshe okugaya aphendulwa yi-turbine ephehlwa ngamanzi.]]

* ''Masa'' or ''masa harina'' - Nixtamalized corn used for making tamales and tortillas in [[IMelika Wenkaba|Central America]], [[IMekisiko|Mexico]], and [[IMelika Eningizimu|South America]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Blazes|first=Marian|title=Masarepa - - Precooked Corn Flour for Making Arepas|url=http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/glossaryofterms/g/arepaflour.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031130/http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/glossaryofterms/g/arepaflour.htm|archive-date=December 20, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2015|website=About Food}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* As a batter for a fried food, such as corn dogs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Suzzanna|title=Corn Dogs|url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/35149/corn-dogs/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Allrecipes|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511174039/https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/35149/corn-dogs/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dobby|date=2020-08-05|title=Corn Dogs Recipe|url=https://dobbyssignature.com/corn-dogs-recipe/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Dobby's Signature|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Made into [[Isinkwa|bread]], as in corn fritters, cornbread, hushpuppies, jonnycakes, or spoonbread&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=cornbread {{!}} Definition, Ingredients, &amp; Variations {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/cornbread|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-02|title=My Favorite Cornbread Recipe|url=https://sallysbakingaddiction.com/my-favorite-cornbread/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Sally's Baking Addiction|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-03|title=Corn Fritters|url=https://lifemadesimplebakes.com/corn-fritters/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=Life Made Simple|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* As breading for fried or baked foods, such as fried fish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Richard |first=Lena |date=1940 |title=New Orleans Cookbook |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin &amp; Co. |location=New York |page=15 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;, fried oysters&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Natalie V. |date=1931 |title=200 Years of New Orleans Cooking |publisher=Jonathon Cape and Harrison Smith |location=New York |publication-date=1931 |page=73 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;, or fried frog legs&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Folse |first=John |date=1983 |title=The Encyclopedia of Cajun and Creole Cuisine |publisher=The Encyclopedia Cookbook Committee |location=Donaldsonville, LA |publication-date=1983 |page=196 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* As a breakfast cereal ingredient{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* Cheese curl-type snack foods, such as Cheetos and Cheezies
* In corn chips such as Fritos, but not tortilla chips or corn tortillas, which are made from nixtamalized maize flour{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* Peameal bacon, back bacon rolled in cornmeal, known colloquially in the U.S. as 'Canadian bacon'
* As a release agent to prevent breads and pizza from sticking to their pans when baking{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* As grits&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Vaughan|first=Kelly|date=March 19, 2019|title=What Are Grits?|url=https://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/recipe-collections-favorites/popular-ingredients/what-are-grits|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=Real Simple|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526170927/https://www.realsimple.com/food-recipes/recipe-collections-favorites/popular-ingredients/what-are-grits|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How To Make True Southern-Style Grits|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/grits-22956033|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=Kitchn|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are Grits?|url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/how-to/packages/food-network-essentials/what-are-grits|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=Food Network|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* As a [[Idokwe|porridge]], such as cornmeal mush, which is often then sliced and grilled&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Fried Cornmeal Mush Recipe |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/21006/fried-cornmeal-mush/ |access-date=2018-11-26 |work=Allrecipes |language=en-us |archive-date=2018-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064654/https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/21006/fried-cornmeal-mush/ |dead-url=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Southern Comfort: Fried Cornmeal Mush|url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/southern-fried-cornmeal-mush-recipe-4128798|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=The Spruce Eats|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507014903/https://www.thespruceeats.com/southern-fried-cornmeal-mush-recipe-4128798|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Known as &quot;[[Isampula|samp]]&quot;, it was used in colonial times as a kind of porridge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Samp - Recipe|url=https://www.cooks.com/recipe/dg8iv4b0/samp.html|accessdate=2018-11-26|website=www.cooks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== INingizimu Melika ===

* I{{Lang|pt|[[Fubá]]}} - [[IBrazili|IBrazil]]
* I-''[[Arepa|ama-arepa]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAmI&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Masarepa&quot;&gt;IMasarepa -''- Ummbila owenziwe ngamanzi futhi uphekiwe, ugaywe ube ufulawa, usetshenziselwa ukwenza i-arepas, i-almojàbanas ne-empanadas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-02-12|title=Masarepa (Arepa Flour)|url=https://www.mycolombianrecipes.com/masarepa/|accessdate=2022-05-06|website=My Colombian Recipes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-''IPolenta'' - ukudla okuvamile emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi [[I-Arjentina|I-Argentina]], [[IBrazili|IBrazil]], IParaguay ne-I-Uruguay.&lt;ref name=&quot;primiditalia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=La storia della polenta|trans-title=The history of polenta|url=http://www.iprimiditalia.it/proposito_primi_singola.php?&amp;idcat=126|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202110652/http://www.iprimiditalia.it/proposito_primi_singola.php?&amp;idcat=126|archive-date=2 December 2013|accessdate=31 January 2016|website=I primi d'Italia|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* I-Karoo papa (i-cornmeal porridge, mais pap) - ukudla okuvamile okudliwa eSuriname njengokudla kwasekuseni noma uphudingi nge-vanilla kanye / noma i-alimondi, isinamoni kanye ne-nutmeg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jenny|date=2014-10-10|title=Mais pap (Korenmeel pap)|url=https://surinamcooking.com/mais-pap-korenmeel-pap/|accessdate=2024-05-24|website=Surinamcooking|language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== INingizimu Asia ===

* ''I-Makki di roti'' - isinkwa esivamile sasePunjabi esivame ukudliwa ne-''Saag'' esifundazweni sasePunjab enyakatho [[India|INdiya]] nasempumalanga [[IPakistani|IPakistan]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Makki Ki Roti Recipe - Punjabi Makki Di Roti in 10 Easy Steps|url=https://foodviva.com/punjabi-recipes/makki-ki-roti/|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=foodviva.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-12|title=Makki ki roti|url=https://www.ruchiskitchen.com/makki-ki-roti/|accessdate=2022-05-07|website=RuchisKitchen|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yeNdiya nasePakistan, ufulawa wommbila ogaywe usetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkwa eziwugqinsi ezingadliwa nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwe-curry noma zingase zifakwe ibhotela elihlanzekile noma i-ghee bese zidliwa ne-yogurt noma i-lassi, isiphuzo esisekelwe ku-yogurt.

=== INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ===
[[File:Bugas_mais_(Visayan_white_corn_grits),_Philippines_03.jpg|thumb|Ama-{{Lang|ceb|[[Bugas mais|Bugas mais]]}}, avela k[[Visayan white corn|Ummbila omhlophe waseVisayan]], ukuhlunga kwelayisi okuvamile kanye nokusanhlamvu okuyinhloko [[i-Philippines|IPhilippines]]]]

* Ama-Bugas mais - Ummbila omhlophe waseVisayan owomisiwe futhi onamafutha udliwa njengenye indlela ilayisi elimhlophe elifakwe ngesitimu, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi okufana nelayisi. Yaziwa ngokuthi i-{{Lang|ceb|bugas mais}} (Cebuano okusho ukuthi &quot;ukusanhlamvu kommbila okugaywe&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Polistico&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Polistico |first=Edgie |date=2017 |title=Philippine Food, Cooking, &amp; Dining Dictionary |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Incorporated |isbn=978-621-420-087-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kucatshangwa kabanzi njengokudla kobumpofu ngenxa yokwehla kwayo. I-{{Lang|ceb|Bugas mais}} ibhekwa njengokudla okuyinhloko kwesibili ePhilippines ngemuva kwelayisi elimhlophe. Iyisici esiyinhloko sabantu abangaba ngu-20% basePhilippines, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zokulima eVisayas naseMindanao.&lt;ref name=&quot;slowfood&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tinigib Visayan White Corn|url=https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/native-visayan-white-corn/|accessdate=17 April 2025|website=Ark of Taste|publisher=Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kimilat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kimilat |first=Vaneza |date=18 September 2015 |title=Sira-sira Store: How you eat corn (Part 1) |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/sira-sira-store-how-you-eat-corn-part-1 |access-date=17 April 2025 |work=SunStar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Amaphatho==
[[Category:Ukudla]]</text>
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    <title>U-Ezrom Legae</title>
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'''U-Ezrom Kgobokanyo Sebata Legae''' kusukela kuku-1 kuNhlangulana ngonyaka wezi-1938 kuya zi-5 KuMasingana ngonyaka wezi-1999 wayengumqophi wezithombe waseNingizimu Afrika, umdwebi kanye nokuba uthisha. Ndawonye no Anton van Wouw, no-I-Edoardo Villa USydney Kumalo nabo babhekwa njengabanye babaqophi bezithombe abahle kakhulu baseNingizimu Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Ezrom ubhekwa njengomdwebi ovelele waseNingizimu Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Watkins |first=Gavin Graham |date=2023 |title=The Sculptures of Sydney Kumalo and Ezrom Legae: A Catalogue Raisonné |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EB4t0AEACAAJ |last2=Skinner |first2=Charles |publisher=Strauss &amp; Company |isbn=978-0-6397-6015-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Miles |first=Elza |year=2004 |title=Polly Street, The Story of an Art Centre, Johannesburg |publisher=The Ampersand Foundation |isbn=0-620-32616-6 |location=Johannesburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuphila nomsebenzi wakhe ==
U-Ezrom Kgobokanyo Sebata Legae wazalwa lu-1 kuNhlangulana ngonyaka wezi-1938 eVrededorp, [[IGoli (idolobha)|IGoli]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peffer-Engels |first=John |date=1999 |title=In Memoriam: Ezrom Kgobokanyo Sebata Legae, 1938-1999 |journal=African Arts |publisher=UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=17+85–86 |jstor=3337706}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wafunda eSt Cyprian's Primary School ISophiatown, wabe esefunda eMadibane High School eDiepkloof, eSoweto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt; ULegae wafunda ePolly Street Art Centre kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1959; kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1960 kuya kunyaka wezi-1964 waya eJubilee Art Centre futhi wasebenza UCecil Skotnes USydney Kumalo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ezrom Legae|url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/insights/legae-artist.html|website=National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=2026-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901051334/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/insights/legae-artist.html|archive-date=2024-09-01|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lapho USydney Kumalo athatha umhlalaphansi esikhundleni sakhe sokufundisa e-Jubilee Art Centre ngonyaka wezi-1964, u-Ezrom Legae wamthatha esikhundleni sakhe okokuqala njengomsizi wabe eseba ngumqondisi we-Centre. Kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1965 kuya kunyaka wezi-1972, i-Legae yayimelelwe ngumthengisi we-gallerist onethonya waseGoli U-Egon Guenther futhi kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1973 kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe yI-Goodman Gallery eGoli. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, i-Legae yakhiqiza izithombe ezingungama55:30 ngenkathi imelelwe yi-U-Egon Guenther Gallery kanye nezingama-25 ngenkathi imelelwa yi-Goodman Gallery; zonke lezi zithombe zaqoshwa nge-bronze yi-Renzo Vignali foundry ePitoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;

Ngonyaka wezi-1970 wathola umfundaze owamvumela ukuba aye [[IYurophu]] nase-[[IMelika|I-United States]]; phakathi konyaka wezi-1972 nonyaka wezi-1974 wayengumqondisi we-African Music and Drama Association Art Project (AMDA) eDorkay House, eGoli, futhi kusukela ngonyaka wezi-1980 kuya kowezi -1981 wasebenza njengomfundisi e-Federated Union of Black Artists (FUBA), eGoli. I-Dorkay House ihlobene kakhulu nomculo wabaculi abamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika ngawonyaka wezi-1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;

U-Legae waziwa kakhulu ngemidwebo yakhe yakamuva: I-Chicken Series ngonyaka wezi-1977 kuya kowezi-1978) eyahlanganiswa yaba yi-Freedom is Dead - Series 1 ngonyaka wezi-1979 lapho u-Legaa athola khona ukunakwa okuhloniphekile e-Fifth Valparaiso Biennale eChile ngonyaka wezi-1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;

Ngonyaka wezi-1985, i-Goodman Gallery yahlela uchungechunge lwemibukiso e-USA njengokuvuselelwa kweqembu le-Amadlozi elakhiwa ngu-Egon Guenther ngonyaka wezi-1963, kodwa ngegama kuphela; iqembu lagcina amalungu amathathu okuqala, i-Kumalo, i-Skotnes ne-Villa, ne-Legae yanezelwa njengelungu elisha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;

ULegae wasebenza isikhathi esigcwele njengomculi; wayehlala [[Soweto|eSoweto]] nomndeni wakhe kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

U-Legae waziwa kakhulu ngokukhulumela kwakhe okunamandla okubonakalayo mayelana nokuzisola nokuwohloka kobandlululo. Ukugxeka akuqhubekisela phambili ubumpofu nobandlululo lobuhlanga eminyakeni yangemva kobandlululo. Wayehamba phambili njengomdwebi nomqophi wezithombe, amakhanda nezilwane esebenza ngamafutha, i-contine, i-bronze, ubumba kanye nemithombo ehlangene.

== Imiklomelo nemiklomelo ==
U-Ezrom Legae wathola imiklomelo eminingi nokuhlonishwa ngokuqashelwa kwamakhono akhe eNingizimu Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi emlandweni waseNingizimu Afrika lapho izinqubomgomo ezingokomthetho zazibandlulula kakhulu futhi zithinta kakhulu abantu abansundu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* 1967: Umklomelo we-Oppenheimer Sculpture, Ubuciko baseNingizimu Afrika Namuhla, ngoJulayi 1967 e-I-University of Natal naseDurban Art Gallery. Umklomelo wawungomfanekiso oqoshiwe i-Embrace (1966).&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1967: Ukukhulunywa okukhethekile, Umbukiso Weshumi nane we-Transvaal Academy, IGoli Art Gallery, ngo-October/November 1967. Umfanekiso oqoshiwe i-Striding Girl (1967) wathola ukunakwa okukhethekile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1969: Umbukiso Weshumi Nhlanu we-Transvaal Academy, Umtapo Wezincwadi Wedolobha LaseGoli, ngoMashi 1969. U-Legae wathola isitifiketi sokufaneleka nge-Young Man (1968).&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1970: US-SALEP Leadership Exchange Program scholarship ukuvakashela i-USA, 17 September - 15 December 1970. 1972: I-Bursary evela ku-Merit Grant Fund, e-USA, eyayisekela i-African Music and Drama Association Art Project.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1972: ULegae wayengomunye wabadwebi abane, abakhethelwe i-Venice Biennale. INingizimu Afrika yagcina yenqatshelwe isimemo, umphumela wokwenqatshelwa kwamasiko, okwenziwa yi-UN General Assembly ngo-1969. &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1979: Ukubhekisela okuhloniphekile kwe-Freedom is Dead Series 1, umbukiso we-Fifth Biennale, eValparaiso, eChile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* 1989: I-Sculpture Commission Umfanekiso omkhulu we-Point of Departure waqashwa yi-AFROX ukuze ungene ngaphambili eSibhedlela saseGlynnwood, eHarrison Street, eBenoni. Ukuthi lesi sithombe sikuphi manje akwaziwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;

== Imibukiso ==
Izithombe eziqoshiwe zika-Ezrom Legae ziboniswa izikhathi eziningi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe nangemva kokushona kwakhe. Emibukisweni yakhe eyedwa neyeqembu, yinkhona emibukisweni ehamba phambili yaseNingizimu Afrika nasemibukisweni ephakeme eYurophu nase-USA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

* Ukuvulwa kwe-U-Egon Guenther's New Private Gallery, Linksfield, Johannesburg, ngonyaka wezi1965 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ezrom Legae, Umbukiso Wokuqala Wedwa, U-Egon Guenther Gallery, Linksfield, Johannesburg, 1966 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umklomelo We-Biennale Art Prize we-Breweries yaseNingizimu Afrika, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ubuciko baseNingizimu Afrika Namuhla, i-University of Natal ne-Durban Art Gallery, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ezrom Legae, Umbukiso Wedwa, iNatal Society of Arts Gallery, eThekwini, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ezrom Legae, Umbukiso Wedwa, Izinkonzo Zokwaziswa Zase-United States, Indlu kaShakespeare, eGoli, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso we 'Guenther Group&quot;- Sydney Kumalo, Hannes Harrs, Ezrom Legae and Cecil Skotnes: Leader Gallery Grahamstown, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Weshumi nane we-Transvaal Academy, eGoli Art Gallery, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Wezithombe Eziqoshiwe, South African Arts Association Gallery, ePitoli, 1967 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso weqembu: UPeter Haden, uHannes Harrs, USydney Kumalo, u-Ezrom Legae, u-I-Edoardo Villa kanye ne-Unknown Masters of Africa, U-Egon Guenther Gallery, eGoli, 1968 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Weshumi Nhlanu we-Transvaal Academy, Umtapo Wezincwadi Wedolobha LaseGoli, 1969 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ukukhetha Komfundi, eGoli College of Education, 1969 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* I-SA Kuns/Art 1971, i-Republic Festival Art Exhibition, i-National gallery, i-Kape Town, 1971 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* I-RSA Exhibition, Tentoonstelling 1972, iNhlangano Yobuciko YaseNingizimu Afrika, 1972 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Weqembu Wokuqopha, Ubuciko Bamanje Nobudlwabu base-Afrika, I-Gallery International, IKapa, 1973 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ubuciko Base-Afrika Banamuhla eNingizimu Afrika, i-University of Fort Hare Collection, umbukiso wokuvakasha,1979 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* I-Beeldhou 80/ Isithombe esiqoshiwe 80, Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-University of Pretoria, ePitoli, 1980 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ama-tributaries - Umbono Wobuciko Banamuhla BaseNingizimu Afrika, i-Africana Museum, eGoli, 1985 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ama-Amadlozi &quot;85, USA, 1985 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Isiko Elilahliwe: Ukuya emlandweni omusha wobuciko baseNingizimu Afrika (1930 - 1988), Johannesburg Art Gallery, 1989 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* I-Vita Art Now 1989, i-Goli Art Gallery, 1990 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ezrom Legae, ART21 &quot;90 Basel, Switzerland, 1990 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Weqembu. Isiprofetho: Legae, Skotnes, Koloane, Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, 1993 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umbukiso Wobuciko Base-Afrika Banamuhla, World Space Centre, eWashington DC, e-USA, 1998 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ukukhumbula I-Legae ngonyaka wezi-1937 kuya kowezi- 1999. Umbukiso Wezithombe Zomfanekiso Nemidwebo, Goodman Gallery, eGoli, ngonyaka wezi-1999&lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ubuciko Banamuhla base-Afrika, Abaculi Abahlanu, Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene, I-Eiteljorg Gallery, Indianapolis Museum of Art, ngonyaka wezi- 2000 kuya kowezi -2001 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Umsebenzi Wothando Wobuciko BaseNingizimu Afrika, Weltkulturen Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, 2015/2016 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ukutholakala kabusha kanye neNkumbulo, imisebenzi kaKumalo, Legae, Nitegeka noVilla, Norval Foundation, Cape Town, ngnyaka wezi-2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* I-Black Aesthetic: Umbono Wobuciko BaseNingizimu Afrika, kunyaka wezi-1970kuya kowezi-1990 Standard Bank Art Gallery, Johannesburg, 2019 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Izithombe ZaseSydney Kumalo nase-Ezrom Legae, Umbukiso Wokubuyela Emuva; Strauss &amp; Co., Johannesburg, ngonyaka wezi-2023 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;
* Ezrom Legae: Izilwane, i-High Museum of Art, e-Atlanta, e-USA, ngonyaka wezi-2025 &lt;ref name=&quot;Watkins-2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ezrom Legae: Beasts|url=https://high.org/exhibition/ezrom-legae-beasts/|accessdate=2026-04-05|website=High Museum of Art|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izikhombo ezisentshenzisiwe ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Uhlu lwemithombo}}

== Imithombo ==

* [Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini lesi-9] Ukutholakala kabusha kanye neNkumbulo: Imisebenzi kaSydney Kumalo, u-Ezrom Legae, uSerge Alain Nitegeka no-Edoardo Villa. I-Norval Foundation.  .{{ISBN|978-0-6207-9391-9}}
* Watkins, Gavin Graham; Skinner, Charles ngonyaka wezi-2023. Izithombe ZaseSydney Kumalo nase-Ezrom Legae: I-Catalogue Ecatshangelwe. I-Strauss &amp; Company.  .{{ISBN|978-0-6397-6015-5}}
[[Category:Abafa nge-1999]]
[[Category:Abazalwa nge-1938]]
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  <page>
    <title>Ukubaluleka Kothando Emndenini</title>
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Ukubaluleka Kothando Emndenini

'''Uthando''' luyisisekelo somndeni oqinile futhi olunokuthula. Lapho amalungu omndeni ethandana, ehloniphana, esekelana futhi axazulule izinkinga ngokukhuluma kunokuxabana. Lokhu kwenza [[ikhaya]] libe indawo ephephile lapho wonke umuntu ezizwa amukelekile futhi ebalulekile.&lt;ref&gt;http://1.https//www.unicef.org/parenting/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, [[uthando]] lusiza [[izingane]] zikhule zinokuzethemba nokuziphatha okuhle. Abazali babonisa uthando ngokunakekela, ukulalela nokweluleka izingane zabo ukuze bakhe ubudlelwano obuqinile nazo. Uthando luphinde lukhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kwamalungu omndeni, ikakhulukazi lapho bebhekene nezinselelo zempilo.

Ekuphetheni, uthando luyigugu emndenini ngoba luletha ubunye, inhlonipho nokuxolelana. [[Umndeni (kumchazampilo)|Umndeni]] owakhiwe phezu kothando uyakwazi ukubhekana nezinselelo futhi ugcine ubudlelwano obuhle. Ngakho-ke, wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele abonise uthando ngezenzo nangamazwi ukuze kwakhiwe ikhaya elinokuthula nenjabulo.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==
[[Category:Ikhaya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Indima Yobuchwepheshe Bedijithali Ekuthuthukiseni Ulimi LwesiZulu</title>
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Indima Yobuchwepheshe Bedijithali Ekuthuthukiseni Ulimi LwesiZulu

'''Eminyakeni''' yakamuva, [[UbuChwepheshe boKwaziswa nezokuXhumana|ubuchwepheshe]] bedijithali sebushintshe indlela abantu abafunda, abaxhumana futhi abagcina ngayo ulwazi. Lokhu kudale amathuba amasha okuthi izilimi zomdabu, okuhlanganisa [[isiZulu]], zigcinwe futhi zisetshenziswe kakhulu. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe buvame ukubhekwa njengobukhuthaza izilimi zomhlaba ezifana nesiNgisi, bungasetshenziswa futhi ukuqinisa ulimi lwesiZulu uma busetshenziswa ngendlela efanele[[Izinkundla zokuxhumana|.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pansalb.org/annual-report/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261001052041/https://www.pansalb.org/annual-report/ |archive-date=2026-10-01 |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Izinkundla zokuxhumana]], izinhlelo zokusebenza kuxhakaxholo zinikeza abantu amathuba okubhala, ukufunda nokwabelana ngolwazi ngesiZulu. Intsha ingakwazi ukudala okuqukethwe ngolimi lwayo, okwenza isiZulu sihlale siphila futhi sihambisane nesikhathi.&lt;ref&gt;https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00120-EN.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo zemfundo zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekufundiseni isiZulu ngezindlela ezikhangayo. Izifundo ezik[[Uxhakaxholo|uxhakoxholo]], amavidiyo nezinhlelo zokufunda zingakhuphula izinga lokuqonda kwabafundi futhi zenze ulimi lufinyeleleke kubantu abaningi.Nokho, kusekhona izinselelo ezifana nokushoda kwezinsiza zedijithali ezibhalwe ngesiZulu kanye nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kolimi ezindaweni ezithile zomsebenzi. Lokhu kubonisa isidingo sokuthi uhulumeni, izikhungo zemfundo nomphakathi basebenzisane ekwakheni okuqukethwe okuningi ngesiZulu.&lt;ref&gt;https://gem-report-2023.unesco.org/&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubuhlakani bedijithali abuyona ingozi ezilimini zomdabu kuphela, kodwa bungaba yithuba lokuzigcina ziphila. Uma isiZulu siqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ezinkundleni zobuchwepheshe, sizohlala siyingxenye ebalulekile yefa, [[amasiko]] kanye nentuthuko yesizwe.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dsac.gov.za/artsandcultureprogramme {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260718011445/https://www.dsac.gov.za/artsandcultureprogramme |date=2026-07-18 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;Izinkomba&lt;/big&gt; ==
[[Category:Ubuchwepheshe]]</text>
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    <title>Idolobhana (iNingizimu Afrika)</title>
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[[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|E-Ningizimu Afrika]] amagama athi township ne-place avame ukubhekisela endaweni yasemadolobheni engathuthukile, ehlukaniswe ngokobuhlanga, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kube sekupheleni [[Uhlelo lobandlululo|Ubandlululo]] okwakugcinelwe abangebona abamhlophe okungukuthi abantu abansundu baseNingizimu Afrika, eKapa kanye namandiya aseNingizimu Afrika.  Amadolobhana ngokuvamile ayesakhiwa emaphethelweni edolobha.&lt;ref name=&quot;pettman-298&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pettman |first=Charles |year=1913 |title=Africanderisms; a glossary of South African colloquial words and phrases and of place and other names |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924026563795#page/n319/mode/2up |publisher=Longmans, Green and Co. |page=298}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences |url=https://ccs.ukzn.ac.za/files/Bond%20Townships.pdf |page=406}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Igama elithi township liphinde libe incazelo engokomthetho ehlukile ohlelweni lwezwe laseNingizimu Afrika olungenayo incazelo yobuhlanga.

Amadolobhana abantu abangebona abamhlophe ayebizwa nangokuthi ''izindawo'' noma ama-Laxes ngesi-Afrikaans futhi avame ukubizwa kanjalo emadolobheni amancane. Igama lesiNgisi elithi &quot;'''kasie''' / kasi&quot; inguquko emfushane ethandwayo elithi &quot;'''I-Lokasia'''&quot; nalo lalisetshenziswa. Amadolobhana ngezinye izikhathi anezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala ezingekho endaweni eseduze.
[[Category:Amalokishi eRiphabliki waseNingizimu Afrika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Umshayeli wendiza</title>
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[[File:Elizabeth_L._Remba_Gardner,_Women's_Airforce_Service_Pilots,_NARA-542191.jpg|thumb|isithombe s[[owesifazane]] ongumshayeli wezindiza]]
'''Umshayeli wendiza''' ngumuntu oqeqeshiwe futhi onesifakazelo sokulawula nokushayela indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bangase basebenze ezindizeni zabagibeli, ezindizeni ezithwala impahla, ezindizeni ezincane, ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane noma kwezinye izinhlobo zezindiza. Umsebenzi wabo ubandakanya ukulungiselela indiza, ukuyilawula ngesikhathi sendiza, ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuphepha ziyalandelwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo zokuba umshayeli wendiza ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwelayisensi kanye nezwe. [[eNingizimu Afrika]], ukulawulwa kwamalayisensi abashayeli bezindiza kwenziwa yisiPhathimandla saseNingizimu Afrika sokuNdiza koMphakathi (isiNgisi: South African Civil Aviation Authority, isifingqo: SACAA) ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinhlobo zabashayeli bezindiza ==
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabashayeli bezindiza, kuye ngomsebenzi abawenzayo kanye nohlobo lwendiza abayishayelayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Different Types of Pilots|url=https://www.safetyinmotion.aero/news-events/different-types-of-pilots|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Safety in Motion Flight Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza ozimele ===
Umshayeli wendiza ozimele (Private Pilot) ngumuntu onelayisensi emvumela ukushayela indiza ngezinjongo ezizimele, ngokwemikhawulo ebekwe yilayisensi yakhe. ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Private Pilot Licence (Aeroplane) kufanele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-17, abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele, aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okushayela indiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Pilot|date=2020-06-10|title=What is a Private Pilot?|url=https://pilotinstitute.com/what-is-a-private-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Pilot Institute|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo ===
Umshayeli wendiza wezohwebo (Commercial Pilot) ngumshayeli onelayisensi evumela ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yezindiza ngokukhokhelwa, ngokwemigomo nemikhawulo yelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, umuntu ofaka isicelo se-Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) yendiza kufanele abe neminyaka okungenani engu-18 futhi abe nesitifiketi sezempilo esivumelekile. Kudingeka futhi aqeqeshwe esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono. Imithetho ibeka nezidingo zamahora endiza umuntu okufanele abe nawo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of COMMERCIAL PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/commercial+pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wezindiza zabagibeli ===
Abashayeli bezindiza zabagibeli basebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza futhi bashayela izindiza ezithwala abagibeli phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Ezindizeni ezinkulu, kuvamise ukuba nabashayeli abangaphezu koyedwa endlini yokushayela, futhi ngamunye uba nemisebenzi ethile ngesikhathi sendiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline and Commercial Pilots|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material-moving/airline-and-commercial-pilots.htm|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Bureau of Labor Statistics|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, ulwazi lwezinhlelo zendiza kanye nokwazi ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu. Izidingo zamalayisensi nezilinganiso ezidingekayo zincike ohlotsheni lwendiza kanye nomsebenzi womshayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Pilot {{!}} Social Sciences and Humanities {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EBSCO|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ===
Umshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane ulawula '''indiza enophephela emhlane'''. Lezi zindiza zingasetshenziswa ukuthutha abantu, ezinsizeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, emisebenzini yokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-06-29|title=HELICOPTER PILOT definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/helicopter-pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza enophephela emhlane kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukulawula indiza, izinqubo zokuphepha, ukuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-27|title=Definition of PILOT|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pilot|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ukuqeqeshwa ==
Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli wendiza kuhlanganisa ukufunda ulwazi lwethiyori kanye nokwenza izifundo zokushayela indiza. Izifundo zingahlanganisa izihloko ezifana nesimo sezulu, ukuzulazula, imithetho yezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana ngomsakazo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Training Courses|url=https://www.eptaviation.com/pilot-training-courses/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=EPT Aviation|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli kufanele baqeqeshwe ezikhungweni eziNhlangano eziGunyaziwe ukuQeqesha (Approved Training Organisation (ATO)) lapho kudingeka khona ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA nayo ilawula izinqubo zokunikezwa nokuvuselelwa kwamalayisensi nezilinganiso zabashayeli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Training PPL {{!}} Cape Town Flight Training Centre {{!}} CTFTC|url=https://ctftc.co.za/training-ppl/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Cape Town Flight Training Centre|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ilayisensi yomshayeli ===
Ilayisensi yomshayeli iyidokhumenti esemthethweni ekhombisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokushayela uhlobo oluthile lwendiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisensi, futhi ilayisensi ngayinye inezidingo zayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Private Pilot License South Africa {{!}} PPL licence - courses|url=https://www.uflyacademy.co.za/private-pilot-license.html|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.uflyacademy.co.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

eNingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA inemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukukhipha nokuvuselela amalayisensi, ukwengeza ama-rating kanye nokuhlola iziqu zamalayisensi akhishwe kwamanye amazwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PPL Private Pilot License|url=https://jsf.co.za/Pages/jsf.co.za/Pages/PPL-Private-Pilot-License.asp|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Johannesburg School of flying}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isifakaziso sezempilo ===
Impilo yomshayeli iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwezindiza. Abashayeli kufanele babe nesitifiketi sezempilo esifanele uhlobo lwelayisensi noma umsebenzi abawenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Licensing|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/licensing/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA ihlukanisa izitifiketi zezempilo zibe amakilasi ahlukene. Izidingo nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitifiketi kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomshayeli, ubudala kanye nezinye izimo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aviation Medicine|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/aviation-medicine/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imisebenzi yomshayeli wendiza ==
Umsebenzi womshayeli awugcini ngokulawula indiza ngesikhathi isemoyeni. Ngaphambi kokundiza, umshayeli kufanele alungiselele indiza futhi abuyekeze imininingwane efanele yohambo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-18 |title=What are the duties of a pilot? - European Flyers |url=https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512212610/https://europeanflyers.com/en/what-are-the-duties-of-a-pilot |archive-date=2025-05-12 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=European Flyers |language=en-US |dead-url=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi yomshayeli kukhona:

* ukuhlola isimo sendiza ngaphambi kokundiza;
* ukubuyekeza isimo sezulu;
* ukuhlela umzila wendiza;
* ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza inophethiloli owanele;
* ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza;
* ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha;
* ukuqapha ukusebenza kwendiza ngesikhathi sendiza; kanye
* nokugcina amarekhodi endiza.

=== Ukuxhumana nabalawuli bezindiza ===
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa umsakazo ukuze baxhumane nabalawuli bezindiza kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanele. Lokhu kuxhumana kusiza ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwezindiza nasekugcineni ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Zilenaite|first=Karolina|date=2024-10-28|title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control?|url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=BAA Training|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa komshayeli kuhlanganisa ukufunda ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo kanye nolimi oludingekayo kwezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Critical Role of Communication in Air Traffic Control: Challenges and Solutions|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/critical-role-communication-air-traffic-control-edilmar-bezerra-aahce|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ukuphepha kwezindiza ===
Ukuphepha kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini womshayeli. Abashayeli basebenzisa izinhlu zokuhlola (checklists), izinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nemithetho yezokundiza ukuze banciphise amathuba ezingozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Zilenaite |first=Karolina |title=Communicating with ATC: How to Talk to Air Traffic Control? {{!}} BAA Training |url=https://baatraining.com/blog/communicating-with-atc-a-guide-part-2-how-to-talk-to-air-traffic-control |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BAA Training |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nakho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe. Abashayeli kufanele bagcine amakhono abo esesimweni esidingekayo futhi bahambisane nezidingo zokuvuselela ilayisensi kanye nokugcina ikhono. I-SACAA ibeka izinqubo ezihlobene namalayisensi, ama-rating kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa nokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Aviation Pilot Safety Information|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/ga-safety-information/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umsebenzi womshayeli wendiza eNingizimu Afrika ==
ENingizimu Afrika, abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenza ezinkampanini zezindiza, ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngezindiza ezincane, ezinsizeni zokuhlenga, ezindizeni eziqasha abantu noma eminye imikhakha yezokundiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izinkampani zezindiza zingaba nezidingo ezengeziwe lapho ziqasha abashayeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i-South African Airways ibeka izidingo ezithile zemfundo kubafaka izicelo zemisebenzi yabashayeli, okuhlanganisa i-Matric noma okulinganayo kanye nezifundo ezithile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2026-09-24|title=Pilot Jobs in South Africa (25 Open Roles) {{!}} LinkedIn|url=https://za.linkedin.com/jobs/pilot-jobs|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=za.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Izivivinyo ===
Ukuze athole ilayisensi, umshayeli kudingeka aphumelele izivivinyo zolwazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okuhambisana nohlobo lwelayisensi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I-SACAA inezinhlelo zezivivinyo ze-Private Pilot Licence, Commercial Pilot Licence kanye ne-Airline Transport Pilot Licence. I-SACAA ithi umuntu ofuna ukubhala izivivinyo ze-PPL kudingeka abe ne-Student Pilot Licence, kanti izivivinyo ze-CPL zidinga i-PPL, futhi izivivinyo ze-ATPL zidinga i-CPL.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Examinations|url=https://www.caa.co.za/industry-information/personnel-licensing/examinations/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=SACAA|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence ===
'''I-Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL)''' ingelinye lamalayisensi aphezulu emkhakheni wezindiza. Leli layisensi lihlotshaniswa nokusebenza njengomshayeli wezindiza ezithile ezinkulu nezenkampani yezindiza, ngokuhambisana nemithetho, ama-rating kanye nezinye izidingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261001081223/https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|archive-date=2026-10-01|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Izidingo ze-ATPL zifaka ukuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwochachiso, amahora endiza kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwemithetho efanele. I-SACAA ishicilela isilabhasi yolwazi lwethiyori ye-ATPL ngaphansi kwe-SA-CATS 61.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Airline Transport Pilot License – Flight Training College: Professional Pilot Training|url=https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|accessdate=2026-10-01|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261001081223/https://flighttraining.co.za/airline-transport-pilot-license/|archive-date=2026-10-01|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Umshayeli wendongoyi ===
Igama elithi '''umshayeli''' lingasetshenziswa nakumuntu olawula [[INdiza eswelumuntu|indiza eswelumuntu]] noma i-Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), kuye ngemithetho esebenzayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pilot Career Programme|url=https://www.flightacademy.co.za/pilot-career-programme-2/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=Progress Flight Academy|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

eNingizimu Afrika, i-SACAA ilawula izindiza ezinjalo ngaphansi kwe-Part 101. Izidingo zingabandakanya ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni esigunyaziwe, ukuhlolwa kolwazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kanye nezidingo zolimi nokuxhumana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Introduction to Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) {{!}} SKYbrary Aviation Safety|url=https://skybrary.aero/articles/introduction-remotely-piloted-aircraft-systems-rpas|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=skybrary.aero}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iqhaza labashayeli bezindiza ==
Abashayeli bezindiza baneqhaza elibalulekile kwezokuthutha ngendiza. Basiza ekuthutheni abantu nempahla phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene futhi basebenza emikhakheni efana nezohwebo, ezokwelapha, ezokuhlenga, ezolimo, ezokuvakasha kanye neminye imisebenzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 10 reasons to become a pilot|url=https://acronaviationacademy.com/usa/how-to-become-a-pilot-in-the-usa/reasons-to-become-a-pilot/|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=acronaviationacademy.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umsebenzi wabo udinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo, ukulandela imithetho kanye nokugcina amakhono afanele ukuze izindiza zisebenze ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Reasons|url=https://www.alpa.org/advancing-aviation/future-of-the-profession/become-a-pilot/top-reasons|accessdate=2026-10-01|website=www.alpa.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Izinkomba ==

# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Licensing.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Frequently Asked Questions.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Examinations.'''
# South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA). '''Unmanned Aircraft Systems – Pilot Licensing, Instructor Rating and Training.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Private Pilot Licence.'''
# Republic of South Africa. '''Civil Aviation Regulations, 2011, Part 61: Pilot Licensing – Requirements for a Commercial Pilot Licence.'''
# South African Airways. '''Direct Flight to your Career.'''</text>
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    <title>Isivumelwano Ngokuqothulwa Kwesizwe</title>
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      <text bytes="1151" sha1="o8k477609o2aypw3mgbk58n2qegfkqj" xml:space="preserve">Isivumelwano Sokuvimbela Nokujezisa Ubugebengu Bokuqothula Isizwe, noma Isivumelwano Ngokuqothulwa Kwesizwe, siyisivumelwano samazwe omhlaba esithi kuwubugebengu ukuqothula Isizwe futhi sibopha amaqembu ohulumeni ukuba aqhubeke nokuphoqelela ukumbielwa kwabo. Kwakuyinsiza yokuqala engokomthetho eyafaka ukuqothulwa kwesizwe njengobugebengu futhi kwaba isivumelwano sokuqala samalungelo abantu esamukelwa ngazwi linye uMgwamanda weZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-9 Disemba 1948, ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwesithathu koMgwamanda weZizwe Ezihlangene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide|url=https://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/cppcg/cppcg_ph_e.pdf|accessdate=2020-01-05|website=United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isivumelwano saqala ukusebenza ngo-12 January 1951 futhi sinabahlanganyeli bemibuso abali-154 kusukela ngo-September .&lt;ref name=&quot;United Nations Treaty Collection&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=IV-1&amp;chapter=4&amp;clang=_en|accessdate=2024-06-26|website=treaties.un.org|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="5782" sha1="no4sh8p47d32ymv73h31qmjyqvszm81" xml:space="preserve">'''Umyaphambili''' uyinjulalwazi yezombusazwe efuna ukuletha inqubekelaphambili esimweni somuntu ngezinguquko ezihloselwe ukwandisa inkululeko enhle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Progressivism in English|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/progressivism|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321174257/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/progressivism|archive-date=21 March 2019|accessdate=2 May 2017|website=Oxford English Dictionary}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umyaphambili wavela ngesikhathi Senkathi Yokukhanyiselwa ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi uluphilisana eYurophu kwakuphefuka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kolwazi olusha olunobufakazi.

Umyaphambili njengegama elihlanganisa kwasani uhlotshaniswa nemixhantela yobukhululeki bocoselelwano, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |date=2007 |title=America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |editor-last=Klaus P. Fischer |page=39}}&lt;/ref&gt;   umbusosobala wezenhlalo kanye nocosulelwano lwentando yeningi &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gerstle |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Gerstle |date=2022 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp; |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0197519646 |quote=The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left. |access-date=August 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626220259/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp; |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 May 2021|title=America Is Becoming a Social Democracy|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/america-is-becoming-a-social-democracy/|accessdate=24 October 2024|website=[[Foreign Policy]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngaphakathi komyaphambili wezomnotho, kunomehluko othile wezinkolelombono. Izibonelo ezifanekiselayo zalokhu zihlanganisa ezinye izinhlangano zombusosobala wobuKristu kanye nemibutho yomphakathi encike kumyamuva.&lt;ref name=&quot;catholicnewsagency&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 October 2016 |title=Did you know there's a third party based on Catholic teaching? |url=https://www.ewtnnews.com/world/us/did-you-know-theres-a-third-party-based-on-catholic-teaching |access-date=24 December 2021 |work=Catholic News Agency |quote=Politically, we would be considered center-right on social issues}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 November 2018|title=New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching|url=https://cruxnow.com/interviews/2018/11/new-political-party-says-its-roots-are-in-catholic-social-teaching/|accessdate=17 November 2021|quote=I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naluba izinkolelombono eziningi zingawela ngaphansi kwesiqubulo somyaphambili, zonke izinkathi zalombutho zibonakala ngokugxekwa kobuhlohlesakhe obungalawuliwe kanye nesicelo sikahulumeni wentando yeningi oshisekayo ukuvikela [[Amalungelo abantu]], ukukhuthaza intuthuko yamasiko, futhi isebenze njengendlela ukuhlola nokulinganisa ukulawula kwezinkampani.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gerstle |first=Gary |author-link=Gary Gerstle |date=2022 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp; |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0197519646 |quote=The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left. |access-date=August 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626220259/https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-neoliberal-order-9780197519646?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp; |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Leier|first=Elizabeth|date=2020-09-24|title=Introducing Progressive International—a global left-wing solidarity movement|url=https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/introducing-progressive-internationala-global-left-wing-solidarity-movement|accessdate=2024-07-30|website=[[Canadian Dimension]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinye izinhlobo zomyaphambili&lt;ref name=&quot;g945&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=De Koster |first=Willem |last2=Achterberg |first2=Peter |last3=Van der Waal |first3=Jeroen |last4=Van Bohemen |first4=Samira |last5=Kemmers |first5=Roy |date=2014-05-04 |title=Progressiveness and the New Right: The Electoral Relevance of Culturally Progressive Values in the Netherlands |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402382.2013.814963 |journal=West European Politics |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=584–604 |doi=10.1080/01402382.2013.814963 |issn=0140-2382 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; zihlanganisa umyaphambili wezobuchwepheshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carrico 2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Carrico|first=Dale|authorlink=Dale Carrico|date=2005|title=Technoprogressivism Beyond Technophilia and Technophobia|url=http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/carrico20060812/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908070510/http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/carrico20060812|archive-date=2016-09-08|accessdate=2007-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <title>OPhakemeyo</title>
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      <text bytes="3310" sha1="arupncoi2i0lita3bzhlp71bmblgo6n" xml:space="preserve">Ngokwesiko [[IYurophu|labaseYurophu]], labo abesikhundleni [[Ubukhosi|seNkosi]] (okulingana nesikhundla seNgonyama emazweni wakwaZulu [[Eswatini|naseSwazini]]) abizwa ngesihloko sika Yena oPhakemeyo. Ngokuba ulimi lwabo luhlukanisa ngokobulili, uma kukhulunywa ngowesifazane noma owesilisa kuyachaca ngamagama asetshenziswayo. Kepha ngokuba ulimi [[IsiZulu|lesiZulu]] aluchacisi nqo ngobulili, kubanzima ukulihumusha kalula. Leligama lika &quot;oPhakemeyo&quot; liphuma ebizweni lesiZulu elibhekisela indlela loyomuntu ephezu noma eqa noma endlula wonke umuntu ezweni ngesithunzi nokuthi ufanelwe isizothe nenhlonipha engaphezu kwawonke umuntu ezweni. Emazweni wakudala kanye namanye wanamuhla ikakhulu [[iNgilandi]], iNkosi noma iNdlovukazi ibonwa njengolama [[UJesu|uJesu Kristu]] ngobufanelwe inhlonipho. Kungakho elika-''Majesty'' [[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]], noma ''Majestät'' [[IsiJalimani|ngesiJalimani]], noma ''Majesté'' ngesiFulenshi lihunyushwa kwelikaPhakemeyo ngesiZulu.

Ngosiko wakwaZulu, yena oyinkosi obizwa iNgonyama, [[ISilo Samabandla Onke|iSilo samaBandla Onke]] ubungazwa ngelikaNdabezitha. Akuvumelikile ukuthi lezizibongo noma lezizihloko ezisetshenziswa kwaZulu zisetshenziswe ukuhumusha elika-Majesty. Elika Bayede (Bayethe ngesiSwati) lisetshensizwa njengenhlobo yokudumisa noma ukukhombisa ukuzithoba noma ukuhlonipha ngokufanelw uma ubhekene neSilo uqobo noma umuntu ntile ekhuluma ngaye. Kungakho, kufanele kubenesihloko esibhekene namaKhosi angaphandle esihlukile kwelesiseSilo.Isihloko noma isibongo sikaPhakemeyo singaphansi kwesika oPhakemeyo ngokobuBusi kodwa singaphezu kwesikaYena oNgaphezulu ngokobuBusi. Uma uMbusi wezwe elithile kanye neNkosi yelinye izwe beyizinhloko zalawo mazwe, bayalingana ngokomthetho wamazwe. Futhi, uma ilizwe elithile libuswa ngokwenhlelo yombusazwe yentandoyeningi noma yokuswela ubukhosi, inhloko yalo lilingana nehloko yelizwe elineNkosi uma uMbusi ngezinga. Kungakho lesihloko siyisiko sabaseYurophu singasiwuphawu lokungalingani ngaphakathi kwamazwe. Futhi, eYurophu kanye naseMpakathi-Mpumalanga, noma kungathiwa inhloko yezwe inguMbusi akwenzeki ngokwesimanje ukuthi kubekhona iNkosi engaphansi koMbusi ezweni elilodwa. 

Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesihloko sikaPhakemeyo sihambelana nesihloko sikaNkosi futhi esikaMbusi sihambelana nesihloko sikaPhakemeyo ngokobuBusi. Izihloko zikaNkosi noMbusi azimayelene nokuba ilizwe likhulu ngakanani. iNkosi yoMbuso oHlangeneyo yayibusa izwe eyayinenani labantu kanye nobungakho bendawo obundlula wonke amazwe emlandweni womhlaba wonke. Kodwa, inhloko yezwe yoMbuso oHlangeneyo yayibizwa oPhakemeyo. iNdlovukazi Victoria yayifanele ukuthi iqanjelwe isihloko esisha sikaMbusikazi waseNdiya ukuze ivunyelwe ukubizwa ngesihloko sikaPhakemeyo ngokobuBusi. Kungakho uma umuntu anezikhundla ezimbili, zobuKhosi nobuBusi, kungasetshenziswa isibongo esihlanganisayo. Lokhu kwenzeka eNkosi yoMbuso oHlangeneyo ngokuba yayibizwa Yena oPhakemeyo ngokobuKhosi nangokobuBusi, iNkosi yoMbuso oHlangeneyo, uMbusi waseNdiya.Amakhosi waseYurophu wayesebenzisa izihloko ezahlukene ngaphambi kokuthi kusetshenziswe elikaPhakemeyo. iNkosi yaseNgilandi yayibikwa Wena onoBunene noma Yena onoBunene (noma ubuNene bakho noma ubuNene bakhe). uCharles V woMbusokazi oNgcwele wamaRoma wayengowoluqala ukusebenzisa isihloko sikaPhakemeyo.</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Izivumelwano zaseGeneva ziyiqoqo lezivumelwano ezine zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba ngesikhathi sempi.  Lezi zivumelwano zakhiwa esidlaveleni iGeneva, eSwitzerland. Zozine simayelana nezindaba zokusiza abantu. UHenri Dunant ongumSwisi uyena owaqala ukudala lezi zivumelwano. Lokhu wakwenza ngemuva kokubona unya olungachazeki lo Mhlangabezo waseSolferino ngowe-1859 abhala incwadi ngawo.  Ezinye izingxenye lezivumelwano zaseGeneva ezine, zithi wonke amazwe acikicile kufanele ash...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="548" sha1="mdez9wxsv2bkc7zywnb5h2jpevvx4to" xml:space="preserve">Izivumelwano zaseGeneva ziyiqoqo lezivumelwano ezine zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba ngesikhathi sempi.  Lezi zivumelwano zakhiwa esidlaveleni iGeneva, eSwitzerland. Zozine simayelana nezindaba zokusiza abantu. UHenri Dunant ongumSwisi uyena owaqala ukudala lezi zivumelwano. Lokhu wakwenza ngemuva kokubona unya olungachazeki lo Mhlangabezo waseSolferino ngowe-1859 abhala incwadi ngawo.

Ezinye izingxenye lezivumelwano zaseGeneva ezine, zithi wonke amazwe acikicile kufanele ashaye imithetho kazwelonke ethi kuyicala ukwephula izivumelwano zaseGeneva.</text>
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