사용자:에멜무지로/번역장/루쉰
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
틀:Dablink
루쉰(중국어 정체: 魯迅, 간체: 鲁迅, 병음: Lǔ Xùn, 웨이드식 로마자: Lu Hsün, 1881년 9월 25일 ~ 1936년 10월 19일, 필명 저우수런(중국어 정체: 周樹人, 간체: 周树人, 병음: Zhōu Shùrén))은 20세기의 가장 영향력 있는 중국 작가로 현대 중국어 백화문과 현대 중국 문학의 기초를 다졌다고 평가 받는다. Highly influential in 20세기 중국 역사, his literary works exerted a substantial influence after the 5·4 운동. 또한 그는 저명한 번역가이기도 했다.
목차 |
[편집] 생애
[편집] 어린 시절
저장 성 사오싱에서 태어났다. 아명은 저우 Zhangshu였고, 나중에 "사람을 교육하다"라는 뜻인 수런으로 이름을 고쳤다. 그의 가족은 교양 있는 신사 계급이었지만 어떻게 됐는지 그가 태어났을 때는 집안이 가난한 상황이었다. 그가 사춘기였을 때 아버지가 만성 질환으로 죽은 것 때문에 루쉰은 의학을 공부하게 되었다. Distrusting traditional Chinese medicine (which in his time was often practiced by charlatans), he set out to study Westernized medicine in 도호쿠 High Medical Institute (nowadays part of 도호쿠 대학) in Sendai, Japan.
루쉰, in a widely known account, later explained why he consciously gave up the pursuit of a medical career. One day after class, one of his Japanese instructors screened a lantern slide which documented an imminent public execution of an alleged Chinese spy by Japanese soldiers. 루쉰 was shocked by the apathy of the Chinese at the execution and decided that it was more important to cure his compatriots of their spiritual ills rather than their physical diseases. Quitting his studies and returning to China in 1909년, he became a lecturer in the Peking University and began writing.
[편집] 경력
1918년 5월, 그는 처음으로 필명을 사용하여 소설을 발표한다. 그리고 첫 번째 주요 백화 단편 소설이자 그의 가장 유명한 두 작품 중 하나인 광인 일기(狂人日记)를 펴냈다. With its criticism of many old Chinese traditions and family rules, it became a cornerstone of the 5·4 운동. Another of his well-known longer stories, 아큐정전(阿Q正传), was published in the 1920s. The latter became his most famous work. Both works were included in his short story collection Na Han(呐喊) or Call to Arms, published in 1923년.
1924년과 1926년 사이엔, 루쉰은 명작이자 풍자적 회상록인 《아침 꽃을 저녁에 줍다》(朝花夕拾, 1928년)와 시집 《들풀》(野草, 1927년)을 썼다. 루쉰 also wrote some of the stories to be published in his second short story collection 방황(彷徨, 1926년). In 1930 루쉰 published Zhongguo Xiaoshuo Lüeshi (中国小说略史, A Concise History of Chinese Fiction), a comprehensive overview of Chinese fiction and one of the landmark pieces of twentieth-century Chinese literary criticism.
His other important works include volumes of translations — notably from Russian (he particularly admired Nikolai Gogol and made a translation of Dead Souls, and his own first story's title is inspired by a work of Gogol) — discursive writings like 열풍(热风), and many other works such as prose essays, which number around 20 volumes or more. As a 좌익 writer, Lu played an important role in the history of Chinese literature. His books were and remain highly influential and popular even today, particularly amongst youths. 루쉰's works also appear in high school textbooks in Japan. 그는 일본어 이름 로진(가타카나: ロジン, 한자: 魯迅)으로도 알려져 있다.
루쉰 was also the editor of several left-wing magazines such as New Youth(新青年, Xin Qingnian) and 맹아(萌芽). He was the brother of another important Chinese political figure and essayist 저우 Zuoren(周作人). Though highly sympathetic of the Chinese Communist movement, 루쉰 never joined the 중국 공산당. Because of his leanings, and of the role his works played in the subsequent history of the 중화인민공화국, 루쉰's works were banned in 타이완 섬 until 1980년대 말기. He was among the early supporters of the 에스페란토 movement in China.
[편집] 문체와 유산
루쉰's style is wry, incisive and often sardonic in his societal commentary. His mastery of the vernacular language, coupled with his expertise with tone — often refusing to occupy any easy position — make some of his works (like 아큐정전) truly difficult to translate. 루쉰's importance to modern Chinese literature lies in the fact that he contributed significantly to every modern literary genre except the novel during his lifetime.
[편집] 사상
루쉰, hailed as "commander of China's cultural revolution" by 마오쩌둥, is typically regarded as the most influential Chinese writer who was associated with the 5·4 운동. He produced harsh criticism of social problems in China, particularly in his analysis of the "Chinese national character." He has often been considered to have had 좌파 leanings. Called by some a "champion of common humanity," he helped bring many fellow writers to support 공산주의자 thought, though he never took the step of actually joining the 중국 공산당. It should be remarked, however, that throughout his work the individual is given more emphasis over collectivistic concerns.
[편집] 작품
[편집] 지은 책
- Call to Arms에서(1922년)
- 광인 일기(1918년)
- 공을기(1919년)
- Medicine(1919년)
- Tomorrow(1920년)
- A Small Incident(1920년)
- The Story of Hair(1920년)
- Storm in a Teacup(1920년)
- My Old Home(1921년)
- 아큐정전(1921년)
- The Double Fifth Festival(1922년)
- The White Light(1922년)
- The Rabbits and the Cat(1922년)
- The Comedy of the Ducks(1922년)
- Village Opera(1922년)
- Old Tales Retold에서(1935년)
- Mending Heaven(1935년)
- The Flight to the Moon(1926년)
- Curbing the Flood(1935년)
- Gathering Vetch(1935년)
- Forging the Swords(1926년)
- Leaving the Pass(1935년)
- Opposing Aggression(1934년)
- Resurrecting the Dead(1935년)
[편집] 수필
[편집] 작품 모음
- Call to Arms (Na Han) (1923년)
- Wandering (Pang Huang) (1925년)
- Old Tales Retold (Gu Shi Xin Bian) (1935년)
- 들풀
- Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk, a collection of essays about his youth
- Brief History of Chinese Fiction, a substantial study of pre-modern Chinese literature
[편집] 바깥 고리
- Tim Gallaher's 루쉰 site, with extensive information and links to texts
- 루쉰 and other historical figures
- http://web.bureau.tohoku.ac.jp/manabi/manabi6/mm6-3.htm
- http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/lxbib.htm
- http://www.coldbacon.com/luxun.html
- 루쉰 webpage (in Chinese)
- A Brief Biography of 루쉰 with Many Pictures
[편집] 번역
- http://www.marxists.org/archive/lu-xun/index.htm
- http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html
- An Outsider's Chats about Written Language, a long essay by 루쉰 on the difficulties of Chinese characters
분류:1881년 태어남 분류:1936년 죽음 분류:중국의 소설가
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