Pertempuran Gaugamela

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Pertempuran Gaugamela
Sebahagian daripada the Siri perperangan Iskandar Agung

Jan Brueghel the Elder, 1602, Pertempuran Arbela, atau Pertempuran Issus
Tarikh 1 Oktober, 331 BC
Lokasi Kemungkinannya Tel Gomel (Gaugamela) berhampiran Mosul, tidak jauh dari Irbil (Arbela), yang juga nama pertempuran (Pertempuran Arbela)
Keputusan Kemenangan Macedon
Penempur
Macedon Achaemenid Persia
Komander
Iskandar Agung Darius III
Kekuatan
9,000 peltasts,[1]
31,000 hoplites,[1][2]
7,000 kalavari[2]
62,000 peltasts,[3]
15,000 Immortals,[4]
2,000 Greek hoplites,[5]
1,000 Bactrians,[5]
12,000 cavalry,[6]
200 scythed chariots,[7]
15 war elephants[8]
Pengorbanan
4,000 40,000[6]

Templat:Campaignbox Wars of Alexander the Great

Dalam Pertempuran Gaugamela (IPA: /ˌgɔgəˈmilə/) in 331 BC Iskandar Agung dari Macedon mengalahkan Darius III dari Achaemenid Persia. Pertempuran ini turut dikenalis ebagai Pertempuran Arbela. Pertempuran ini turut menggunakan gajah perang.


[Sunting] Sumber moden

  • Delbrück, Hans (1920). History of the Art of War. University of Nebraska Press. Reprint edition, 1990. Translated by Walter, J. Renfroe. 4 Volumes.
  • Dodge, Theodore Ayrault (1890-1907). History of the Art of War: Alexander
  • Engels, Donald W. (1978). Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
  • Fox, Robin Lane (1973). Alexander the Great. London: Allen Lane.
  • Fuller, J. F. C. A Military History of the Western World. Three Volumes. New York: Da Capo Press, Inc., 1987 and 1988.
    • v. 1. From the earliest times to the Battle of Lepanto; ISBN 0-306-80304-6: pp. 87 to 114 (Alexander the Great).
  • Green, Peter. Alexander of Macedon 356-323 B.C.
  • Green, Peter (1990). Alexander to Actium; The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Berkeley/Los Angeles.
  • History of the Greek Nation volume Δ, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1973
  • Moerbeek, Martijn (1997). The battle of Issus, 333 BC. Universiteit Twente.
  • De Santis, Marc G. “At The Crossroads of Conquest.” Military Heritage. December 2001. Volume 3, No. 3: 46-55, 97 (Alexander the Great, his military, his strategy at the Battle of Gaugamela and his defeat of Darius making Alexander the King of Kings).
  • Van der Spek, R.J. "Darius III, Alexander the Great and Babylonian Scholarship." in: W. Henkelman, A. Kuhrt eds., A Persian Perspective. Essays in Memory of Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg. Achaemenid History XIII (Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2003) 289-342.
  • Warry, J. (1998). Warfare in the Classical World. ISBN 1-84065-004-4.
  • Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University.

[Sunting] Pautan luar

  • Livius.org tells the story of Alexander and quotes original sources. Favors a reconstruction of the battle which heavily privileges the Babylonian astronomical diaries.
  • [1] provides a new scholarly edition of the Babylonian Astronomical Diary concerning the battle of Gaugamela