गुरुङ
From Wikipedia
गुरुङ नेपालको मध्यमाञ्चल क्षेत्रका जातिगत समुह हुन्। गुरुङहरू मुख्यत: गण्डकी अञ्चलमा बसोबास गर्दछन्, खासगरि लमजुङ, कास्की, तनहुँ, गोर्खा, पर्बत, स्याङ्जा र अन्नपूर्ण हिमशृङ्खला आसपास मनाङ जिल्लाहरूमा। कोही वागलुङ, ओखलढुङ्गा र ताप्लेजुङ् जिल्लाहरूमा र माच्छापुच्छ्रे आसपास पनि बसोबास गर्दछन्। थोरै सङ्ख्यामा भएपनि सिक्किम र भुटानमा समेत बसेको अनुमान गरिन्छ।
२००१को तथ्याङ्क अनुसार ५४३,५७१ गुरुङ (तमु) (नेपालको कूल जनसङख्याको २.३९%) छन् जसमध्ये ३३८,९२५ तमु भाषा बोल्दछन्।
विषयसूची |
[परिवर्तन्] उत्पति
The Gurung believed that Lamjung, Kaski and Gorkha are the birth places of their community.
Some anthropologists deduced that the Gurung, Tamu (also spelled Temu) are descended from the historical pre-Mongol, Hun people of Central Asia, and spread and settled in Nepal they came to be known as Gurung. Others argued that they are of more recent Mongol migrations.
"Pye-tan-lhu-tan" is the sacred scripture of the Gurung, which contain oral accounts of their traditional history. गुरुङ भाषा धैरे जस्तो नेपालको गण्डकी छेत्रमा बोलिन्छ ।
[परिवर्तन्] Lifestyle
Their traditional occupation was based on sheep herding and trans-Himalayan trade. In the 19th and early 20th century, many Gurung were recruited to serve in the British and Indian Gurkha regiments. Today, the Singapore Police, Brunei reserve units and the French Foreign Legion incorporate ethnically Gurung members. While serving in the British Army they have earned more than 6 Victoria's Cross awards. Gurungs are not only restricted to military occupations, many live in urban areas and are employed in all types of labor, business and professional services.
Gurungs trace their descent patrilineally, organized into two groups, or moieties of patrilineal clans.
A noted Gurung tradition is the institution of Rodhi where teenagers form fictive kinship bonds and become Rodhi members to socialize, perform communal tasks, and find marriage partners.
[परिवर्तन्] Religion
The Gurung were followers of Bön shamanism. Tibetan Buddhism was later introduced to the Gurung. Today, the majority of the Gurung are followers of Tibetan Buddhism, especially those who live near the Buddhists. The influence of Bön shamanism is strong among many Gurung. According to the 2001 Nepal Census, 69.03% of the ethnic Gurung were Boudhists, 28.75% were Hindus and 0.66% were Christians.
Hindu influence from the Nepali led to many Gurung practicing Tibetan Buddhism with influences from Hinduism as well as Bön. Pockets of Gurung who live among the Hindus have converted to Hinduism.
They are divided in two division 4 casts and 16 casts. Most of the Gurung still retain maintain household, village and regional priests, known as Pajyu, Ghyabri and Lama.
[परिवर्तन्] References
- Nepal Population Report 2002
- Rastriya Janajati Bikas Samiti
- Nepal Ethnographic Museum
- A Guide to the Gurungs: Alan Macfarlane and Indrabahadur Gurung (PDF)
- Rise of Mongol Buddhist resistance
- Ethnologue profiles: Eastern Gurung Western Gurung
- Tamu Cultural Festival in December - Nepal
- A History of Nepal - Cambridge University Press