Uporabnik:Pinky/Peskovnik2
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To je seznam redov in višjih taksonomskih enot žuželk (znanstveno ime Insecta) .
V poddeblu Hexapoda (šesteronožni členonožci) je nekaj skupin, kot so naprimer skakači (Collembola), ki so obravnavane kot žuželke. Nekateri avtorji jih uvrščajo ločeno od žuželk, ker imajo drugačene evolucijske korenine. To velja tudi za preostale člane nežuželčjih heksapodov Entognatha: tiponožce Protura in dvojnorepke Diplura.
Prave žuželke iz razreda Insecta, se od ostalih členonožev razlikujejo v delu telesa, imenovanem ectognathous (spodnja čeljustnica in spodnja čeljust pripeta na head capsule), ali po izpostavljenjih delih obustnega aparata in enajstih segmentih zadka. Zato žuželke včasih poimenujejo tudi kot Ectognatha.
V veliko žuželčjih skupinah imajo odrasle žuželke krila. V infrarazredu Neoptera obstaja tudi exopterygote, ki vključuje nekatere redove s skupno lastnostjo: krila se razvijejo zunaj telesa - ta krila se vidijo kot Exopterygotes develop their wings on the outside of the body. These wings are seen as wing pads on the developing nymph. These wing pads are an indication that the insect has not developed into the adult stage. Exopterygote včasih delijo na Orthopteroida (cerci present) in Hemipteroida (cerci absent), in jih poimenujejo kot nižje in višje Exopterygota.
Podrazred Apterygota (nekrilate žuželke) | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
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Archaeognatha | Ščetinorepke | ![]() |
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Thysanura | Srebrne ribice | Navadna srebrna ribica (Lepisma saccharina) | ![]() |
Monura - izumrli | |||
Podrazred Pterygota (krilate žuželke) | |||
Infrarazred Paleoptera | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
Ephemeroptera | Enodnevnice | ![]() |
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Palaeodictyoptera - izumrli | |||
Megasecoptera - izumrli | |||
Archodonata - izumrli | |||
Diaphanopterodea - izumrli | |||
Protodonata - izumrli | |||
Odonata | Kačji pastirji | Prodni modrač (Orthetrum cancellatum) | ![]() |
Infrarazred Neoptera | |||
Nadred Exopterygota | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
Caloneurodea - izumrli | |||
Protorthoptera - izumrli | |||
Titanoptera - izumrli | |||
Mantophasmatodea | Gladiator | ||
Grylloblattodea | Griloblatoidi | ||
Embioptera | Nogoprelci | ||
Plecoptera | Vrbnice | ![]() |
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Dermaptera | Strigalice | Navadna strigalica (Forficula auricularia) | ![]() |
Zoraptera | Talne uši | ||
Phasmatodea | Posnemalci | Avstralski paličnjak (Extatosoma tiaratum) | ![]() |
Orthoptera | Ravnokrilci | Primorska plenilka (Decticus albifrons) | ![]() |
Isoptera | Termiti | Reticulitermes speratus | ![]() |
Blattodea | Ščurki | Črni ščurek, žohar (Blatta orientalis) | ![]() |
Psocoptera | Knjižne in prašne uši | ![]() |
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Mantodea | Bogomolke | Mala bogomolka (Ameles decolor) | ![]() |
Phthiraptera | Zajedavske uši | Naglavna uš (Pediculus humanus capitis) | ![]() |
Thysanoptera | resokrilci, tripsi, resarji | Franklinothrips vespiformis | ![]() |
Hemiptera | Stenice | Veliki škržat (Lyristes plebejus) | ![]() |
Nadred Endopterygota | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
Hymenoptera | Kožokrilci | ||
Coleoptera | Hrošči | Navadni rogač (Lucanus cervus) | ![]() |
Strepsiptera | Betokrilci in pahljačokrilci | ![]() |
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Raphidioptera | Kamelovratnice | Raphidia sp. | ![]() |
Megaloptera | Velekrilci in blatnice | Sialis lutaria | ![]() |
Neuroptera | Mrežekrilci | Navadna tenčičarica (Chrysopa carnea) | ![]() |
Mecoptera | Kljunavci ali škorpijonske muhe | Navadna škorpijonka (Panorpa communis) | ![]() |
Siphonaptera | Bolhe | ![]() |
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Diptera | Dvokrilci | Navadna govnarica (Scathophaga stercoraria) | ![]() |
Protodiptera izumrli | |||
Nadred Amphiesmenoptera | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
Trichoptera | Mladoletnice | ![]() |
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Lepidoptera | Metulji | Navadni modrin (Polyommatus icarus) | ![]() |
Incertae sedis | |||
Red | Slovensko ime | Primer živali | Fotografija živali |
Glosselytrodea - izumrli | |||
Miomoptera - izumrli |
As seen above, insects are divided into two subclasses; Apterygota and Pterygota (flying insects), but this could relatively soon change. Apterygota is made up of two orders; Archaeognatha (bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish). In the suggested classification, the Archaeognatha makes up the Monocondylia while Thysanura and Pterygota are grouped together as Dicondylia. It is even possible that the Thysanura itself are not monophyletic, making the family Lepidotrichidae a sister group to the Dicondylia (Pterygota + the rest of the Thysanura).
Also within the infraclass Neoptera we will probably see some re-organization in not too long. Today Neoptera is divided into the superorders Exopterygota and Endopterygota. But even if the Endopterygota are monophyletic, the Exopterygota seems to be paraphyletic, and can be separated into smaller groups; Paraneoptera, Dictyoptera, Orthopteroidea and to other groups (Grylloblattodea + Mantophasmatodea and Plecoptera + Zoraptera + Dermaptera). Phasmatodea and Embioptera has been suggested to form Eukinolabia, while Strepsiptera and Diptera are sometimes grouped together in Halteria. Paraneoptera has turned out to be more closeley related to Endopterygota than to the rest of the Exopterygota. It is not still clear how closley related the remaining Exopterygote groups are and if they belongs together in a larger unit. Only more research will give the answer.