Khối Trục (Đệ nhị thế chiến)
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Khối Trục là từ gọi chung các quốc gia chiến đấu chống lại lực lượng Đồng Minh trong thời Đệ nhị thế chiến. Ba thế lực chính của khối Trục là:
![]() Đức Quốc Xã |
![]() Phát xít Ý |
![]() Đế quốc Nhật Bản |
Một số quốc gia khác nằm trong khối Trục vì bị bắt buộc hay có tính cách bù nhìn, một số khác gia nhập rồi tách ra tùy theo hoàn cảnh chính trị quân sự nhất thời. Những nước này đóng vai trò quân sự hay chính trị không lớn, và gồm có:
![]() Hungary |
![]() Romania |
![]() Slovakia |
![]() Bulgaria |
![]() Nam Tư |
![]() Đế quốc Việt Nam |
![]() Phần Lan |
![]() Mãn Châu |
![]() Nội Mông |
![]() Albania |
![]() Ý (sau Mussolini) |
![]() Croatia |
![]() Pháp (Vichy) |
![]() Đan Mạch |
![]() Tây Ban Nha |
The term was first used by Benito Mussolini, in November 1936, when he spoke of a Rome-Berlin axis arising out of the treaty of friendship signed between Italy and Germany on October 25, 1936. Mussolini declared that the two countries would form an "axis" around which the other states of Europe would revolve. This treaty was forged when Fascist Italy, originally opposed to Nazi Germany, was faced with opposition to its war in Abyssinia from the League of Nations and received support from Germany. Later, in May 1939, this relationship transformed into an alliance, called by Mussolini the "Pact of Steel". An Axis was declared between Germany and Italy by Galeazzo Ciano, foreign minister of Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini on October 25, 1936.
The term "Axis Powers" formally took the name after the Tripartite Treaty was signed by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan on September 27, 1940 in Berlin, Germany. The pact was subsequently joined by Hungary (November 20, 1940), Romania (November 23, 1940), Slovakia (November 24, 1940) and Bulgaria (March 1, 1941). The Italian name Roberto briefly acquired a new meaning from "Rome-Berlin-Tokyo" between 1940 and 1945. Its most militarily powerful members were the Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. These two nations also have signed Anti-Comintern Pact with each other as allies before the Tripartite Pact in 1936.