Chi Lay ơn

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Hoa lay ơn
Hoa lay-ơn (glaïeul)

Hoa lay-ơn (glaïeul)
Phân loại khoa học
Giới (regnum): Plantae
Ngành (divisio): Magnoliophyta
Lớp (class): Liliopsida
Bộ (ordo): Asparagales
Họ (familia): Iridaceae
Phân họ (subfamilia): Ixioideae
Tông (tribus): Ixieae
Chi (genus): Gladiolus
L.
Loài
Khoảng 260, xem văn bản

Chi Lay ơn hay Chi Lay dơn (phiên âm từ tiếng Pháp Glaïeul; tiếng Latin gladiolus - cây kiếm (gladius) nhỏ) là một loài hoa trưng biện khá phổ thông tại nhiều nước, được phương Tây đem sang phổ biến tại Việt Nam. Thân dài như cây kiếm nhỏ, có hoa (nhiều màu nhưng thường là mầu đỏ hay hồng) nở dọc theo thân cây.

Loài này có khoảng 260 giống, 250 gốc từ châu Phi (nhất là Nam Phi), 10 giống từ Âu - Á.



The genus Gladiolus contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa, mostly South Africa. About 10 species are native to Eurasia. There are 160 species of Gladiolus endemic in southern Africa and 76 in tropical Africa. The species vary from very small to the spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce.

These attractive, perennial herbs are semihardy in temperate climates. They grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics.

Their stems are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a cataphyll. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section.

The fragrant flower spikes are large and one-sided, with secund, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery, green bracts. The sepals and the petals are almost identical in appearance, and are termed tepals. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three stamens. The outer three tepals are narrower. The perianth is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex.

The ovary is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seeds.

These flowers are variously colored, pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red.

The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees, but some changes in the pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by sunbirds, noctuid and sphingid moths, long-tongued flies and several others.

Gladioli are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Large Yellow Underwing.

Gladioli have been extensively hybridized and a wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from the many varieties. The main hybrid groups have been obtained by crossing between four or five species, followed by selection: Grandiflorus, Primulines and Nanus. They make very good cut flowers. However, due to their height, the cultivated forms frequently tend to fall over in the wind if left on the plant.