Đại học Bách khoa Virginia

Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia

Đại học Virginia
Thành lập 1819
Loại hình Đại học công lập
Tài trợ 3.6 Tỷ đô la Mỹ
Hiệu trưởng John T. Casteen III
Giảng viên 2,053
Đại học 13,353
Cao học 6,490
Địa điểm Charlottesville, Virginia, Mỹ
Khuôn viên World Heritage Site, small city 1,682 acres (2.6 mi²/6.8 km²)
Founder Thomas Jefferson
Màu Vàng và xanh nước biển           
Linh vật Virginia Cavalier
Gia nhập AAU, Universitas 21
Trang chủ Virginia.edu
Thomas Jefferson
Monticello và trường đại học Virginia ở Charlottesville1
Di sản thế giới UNESCO
Homer Tượng trên bãi cỏ
Quốc gia Mỹ
Dạng Cultural
Tiêu chuẩn i, iv, vi
Số ID 442
Vùng2 Châu Âu và bắc Mỹ
Lịch sử
Năm: 1987
11th WH Committee Session
WH link: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/442

1 Name as officially inscribed on the WH List
2 As classified officially by UNESCO


Trường đại học Virginia còn gọi là U.Va., UVA, Mr. Jefferson's University, or The University là một trường đại học nghiên cứu công lập ở Virginia (Charlottesville), được thành lập bởi Thomas Jefferson. Được thai nghén từ 1800, và được thành lập năm 1819, là một trường có tiếng trong lịch sử nước Mỹ vì là trường lần đầu tiên đề xuất chuyên môn hóa ngành học, như là Kiến Trúc, thiên văn học, và triết học, đầu tiên phân chia riêng rẽ giữa nhà thờ và giáo dục.

[sửa] Lịch sử

Vào ngày 18 tháng giêng, năm 1800, ông Thomas Jefferson, sau đó là phó tổng thống Mỹ, nói bóng gió có kế hoạch cho thành lập trường mới trong một bức thư gửi cho nhà khoa học Anh Joseph Priestley: "chúng tôi muốn thành lập trường lớn hơn ở Virginia,



and more centrally for the State, a University on a plan so broad and liberal and modern, as to be worth patronizing with the public support, and be a temptation to the youth of other States to come and drink of the cup of knowledge and fraternize with us."[1] In 1802, then serving as President of the United States, Jefferson wrote to artist Charles Willson Peale that his concept of the new university would be "on the most extensive and liberal scale that our circumstances would call for and our faculties meet."[2] Although Virginia was already home to one university, the College of William and Mary, Jefferson had lost confidence in his alma mater, partly because of its religious biases and lack of education in the sciences.[3]

The University of Virginia stands on land purchased in 1788 by an American Revolutionary War veteran, James Monroe. The farmland just outside Charlottesville was purchased from Monroe by the Board of Visitors of what was then Central College in 1817; Monroe was beginning the first of his own two terms in the White House. Guided by Jefferson, the school laid its first building's cornerstone later in 1817 and the Commonwealth of Virginia would charter the new university on January 25, 1819.

In the presence of James Madison, the Marquis de Lafayette toasted Jefferson as "father" of the University of Virginia at the school's inaugural banquet in 1824. The University's first classes met in March 1825. Other universities of the day allowed only three choices of specialization: Medicine, Law, and Religion, but under Jefferson's guidance, the University of Virginia became the first in the United States to allow specializations in such diverse fields as Astronomy, Architecture, Botany, Philosophy, and Political Science. Jefferson explained, "This institution will be based on the illimitable freedom of the human mind. For here we are not afraid to follow truth wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate any error so long as reason is left free to combat it."[4]

An even more controversial direction was taken for the new university based on a daring vision of higher education, completely separated from religious doctrine. One of the largest construction projects in North America up to that time, the new Grounds were centered upon a library (then housed in the Rotunda) rather than a church—further distinguishing it from peer universities of the United States, most of which were still primarily functioning as seminaries for one particular religion or another.[5] Jefferson even went so far as to ban the teaching of Theology altogether. In a letter to Thomas Cooper in October 1814, Jefferson stated, "a professorship of theology should have no place in our institution" and, true to form, the University never had a Divinity school or department, and was established independent of any religious sect. Replacing the then-standard specialization in Religion, the University undertook groundbreaking specializations in more "scientific" subjects such as Astronomy and Botany. However, the University currently maintains one of the highest rated religious studies departments in the U.S. A non-denominational University chapel, notably absent from Jefferson's original plans, was constructed in 1890.

The Lawn during winter, with tracks through the snow. At center is the Rotunda, which was the original library building at the head of Jefferson's Academical Village.
The Lawn during winter, with tracks through the snow. At center is the Rotunda, which was the original library building at the head of Jefferson's Academical Village.

Jefferson was intimately involved in the University, hosting Sunday dinners at his Monticello home for faculty and students, until his death. So taken with the import of what he viewed the University's foundations and potential to be and counting it amongst his greatest accomplishments, Jefferson eschewed mention of his political posts, and instead insisted his grave mention only his status as author of the Declaration of Independence and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, and father of the University of Virginia.

In 1826, the nation's fourth President James Madison became Rector of the University of Virginia, at the same time America's fifth President James Monroe made his home on the Grounds (at Monroe Hill) and was a member of the Board of Visitors. Both former Presidents stayed at the University until their deaths in the 1830s.

[sửa] Liên kết ngoài

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