- Arafat, Fathi (c. 1933-2004)
- Arafat, Yasser (1929-2004), Palestinian leader
- Arago, François Jean Dominique (1786-1853), scientist
- Aragón, Emilio (born 1929), clown
- Aragon, Louis (1897-1982), poet
- Aragones, Sergio (born 1937), American cartoonist
- Arakawa Toyozo, Japanese potter
- Arambula, Aracely (born 1975), Mexican actress, singer
- Arana, Facundo (born 1972), Argentine actor
- Araneda, Rolando Toro (born 1924), Chilean anthropologist & psychologist
- Aranzadi, Rafael Moreno (1892-1922), athlete
- Arar, Maher, Syrian-Canadian engineer deported to Syria
- Arasibo (born c. 1480), Taino Cacique leader
- Aratus (c. 315-240 BC), botanist
- Arau, Alfonso, Mexican film director
- Arau, Claudio (1903–1991), Chilean-born American pianist
- Arau, Fernando, actor, show host
- Araujo, Gwen (1985-2002), American murder victim
- Arauju, Patricia (born 1983), model
- Araya, Tom (born 1961), Chilean-American musician
- Arber, Werner (born 1929), Swiss microbiologist
- Arborea, Eleonora di
- Arborea, Ugone di
- Arborelius, Anders (born 1949), Swedish Roman Catholic bishop
- Arbour, Louise (born 1947), Canadian jurist
- Arbuckle, Roscoe "Fatty" (1887-1933), American actor
- Arbus, Diane (1923-1971), American photographer
- Arbuthnot, Alexander (d.1538-1583), in holy orders
- Arbuthnot, Alexander (d.1585)
- Arbuthnot, Alexander, Hon., Sr of Knox, MP (1654-1705)
- Arbuthnot, Alexander George (hanged by Andrew Jackson 1818)
- Arbuthnot, Alexander John, Sir, KCSI (1822-1907)
- Arbuthnot, Charles, Rt Hon, MP (1767-1850)
- Arbuthnot, Charles George, General Sir, KCB (1824-1899)
- Arbuthnot, Charles George James, General, MP (1801-1870)
- Arbuthnot, Charles Ramsay, Admiral (1850-1913)
- Arbuthnot, Dalrymple, General Sir, 5th Bt (1867-1941)
- Arbuthnot, Forster Fitzgerald (1833-1901)
- Arbuthnot, Gary (born 1972)
- Arbuthnot, Geoffrey Schomberg, Admiral Sir, KCB (1885-1951)
- Arbuthnot, George (1802-1865)
- Arbuthnot, George, MP (1836-1912)
- Arbuthnot, George Alexander, General (1830-1899)
- Arbuthnot, George Bingham, General (1803-1867)
- Arbuthnot, George Gough, Sir (1848-1929)
- Arbuthnot, Gerald Archibald, MP (1872-1916)
- Arbuthnot, Harriet, nee Fane (1793-1854)
- Arbuthnot, Henry Thomas, General (1834-1919)
- Arbuthnot, Hugh Fitzgerald, Sir, 7th Bt ({1922-1983)
- Arbuthnot, James Norwich, Rt Hon, MP (born 1952)
- Arbuthnot, John, Dr (1667-1735)
- Arbuthnot, John Sinclair Wemyss, Sir, 1st Bt of Kittybrewster, MP (1912-1992)
- Arbuthnot, Keith, Sir, 8th Bt of Edinburgh (1951-)
- Arbuthnot, Malcolm (1877-1967)
- Arbuthnot, Marriott, Admiral (1711-1794)
- Arbuthnot, May Hill (1884-1969)
- Arbuthnot, Robert, General Sir, KCB
- Arbuthnot, Robert of Haddo
- Arbuthnot, Robert Dalrymple, 6th Bt
- Arbuthnot, Robert Keith, Sir, 2nd Bt
- Arbuthnot, Robert Keith, Admiral Sir, 4th Bt, KCB
- Arbuthnot, Terence John, Group Captain
- Arbuthnot, Thomas, General Sir, KCB (1776-1849)
- Arbuthnot, William, General, CB
- Arbuthnot, William, Sir, 1st Bt of Edinburgh
- Arbuthnot, William, Sir, 2nd Bt of Kittybrewster
- Arbuthnot, William Wedderburn, Sir, 3rd Bt of Edinburgh
- Arbuthnott, Alexander, Hon
- Arbuthnott, Alexander Dundas Young, Rear Admiral Sir
- Arbuthnott, David, 11th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, Hugh, General Hon Sir, KCB, MP (1780-1868)
- Arbuthnott, John, 5th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 6th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 7th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 9th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 10th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott, KT
- Arbuthnott, John Ogilvy, 14th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, John Peebles, Professor Sir
- Arbuthnott, Keith, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott, General
- Arbuthnott, Robert, 1st Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, Robert, 2nd Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, Robert, 3rd Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, Robert, 4th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, Walter Charles Warner, 13th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, William, 12th Viscount of Arbuthnott
- Arbuthnott, William, General
- Arc, Joan of, St. (1412-1431), French soldier & religious leader
- Arca, Andrea Manca del
- Arca, Giovanni Proto
- Arcadius (ruled 395-408), Roman Emperor
- Arce, Esteban (born c. 1967), Mexican journalist
- Arce, Jorge, Mexican boxer
- Arcel, Ray, boxing trainer
- Archambault, Gilles, novelist & commentator
- Archer, Anne (born 1947), American actress
- Archer, Colin (1832-1921), Norwegian naval architect
- Archer, Dennis, American politician and lawyer
- Archer, Jeffrey Howard, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare, English novelist
- Archer, Joey, boxer
- Archer, Lindsay (born 1976), American artist
- Archer, Melissa (born 1979), American actress
- Archer, William S. (1789-1855), American politician
- Archibald, Edgar (1885-1968), Canadian agricultural scientist
- Archibald, Jeff (born 1952), New Zealand hockey player
- Archilochus of Paros (ca. 680 - ca. 645 BCE), Greek poet & soldier
- Archimattheus, scholastic philosopher
- Archimedes (circa 287-212 BC), mathematician
- Arcimboldo, Giussepe (1527-1593), painter
- Arcy, William Knox d' (1849-1917), British/Australian oil entrepreneur
- Ardant, Fanny (born 1949), French actor
- Ardashir I of Persia
- Ardashir II of Persia
- Ardashir III of Persia
- Arden, Eve, actor
- Ardengus, scholastic philosopher
- Ardens, Raoul, scholastic philosopher
- Ardiles, Osvaldo, athlete
- Ardon, Mordecai, Jewish artist
- Arduino, Giovanni (1714-1795), scientist
- Ardzinba, Vladislav, president of Abkhazia
- Arellano, Jesús, soccer player
- Arellano-Felix, Ramon (1964-2002), gang member
- Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975), political theorist
- Arendt, Walter, German SPD politician
- Arensberg, Walter Conrad (1878-1954), American art collector
- Arfvedson, Johann (1792-1841), chemist
- Arghezi, Tudor, Romanian poet
- Arguello, Alexis (born 1952), world champion boxer
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- Arias, Olivia Trinidad (born 1948), musical-family member
- Aribau, Bonaventura Carles (1798-1862), poet
- Arida, Antoun, Maronite Patriarch
- Ariès, Philippe (1914-1984), French medievalist and historian
- Arigó, José (1921-1971), alleged "psychic surgeon" in Beazilia
- Ariosto, Ludovico (1474-1533), Italian poet
- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310-c. 230 BC), astronomer
- Ariste, Paul, Estonian linguist
- Aristides the Athenian (died c. 134), saint
- Aristippus, Henry, scholastic philosopher
- Aristophanes (c. 446-385 BC), Greek philosopher
- Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher
- Arjona, Ricardo (born 1964), Guatemalan musician
- Arkell-Smith, Valerie (1895-1960), British soldier
- Arkin, Adam (born 1934), American actor
- Arkin, Alan (born 1956), American actor
- Arkoff, Samuel Z. (1918–2001), American film producer
- Arkwright, Richard (1732-1792)
- Arledge, Roone (1931-2002), broadcaster
- Arlen, Harold (1905-1986), American songwriter
- Arlen, Michael (1895-1956), English writer of Armenian descent
- Arliss, George (1868-1946), British actor
- Arlosoroff, Hayim (1899-1933), cosmopolitan Russian Jewish activist
- Armatrading, Joan, singer-songwriter
- Armendáriz, Pedro, actor
- Armfelt, Gustaf Mauritz (1757-1814)
- Arminius (17 BC-19 AD), Germanic war chief
- Armitage, Peter, statistician
- Armitage, Simon (born 1963), poet
- Armour, Philip (1832-1901), American entrepreneur and railroader
- Armstrong, Andrea (born 1982), American basketball player
- Armstrong, Bess (born 1953), American actress
- Armstrong, Billie Joe (born 1972), American musician
- Armstrong, Charles, baseball executive
- Armstrong, Dido (born 1971), British singer
- Armstrong, Edwin (1890-1954), American engineer
- Armstrong, Henry (1912-1988), American boxer
- Armstrong, James (1748-1828), American physician & politician
- Armstrong, James (1794-1868), American sailor
- Armstrong, James (1830-1893), Canadian politician
- Armstrong, James (died 1952), American soccer player &coach
- Armstrong, James S. (1821-1888), Canadian lawyer & British colonial jurist
- Armstrong, Jeannette (born 1948), Canadian writer
- Armstrong, John (1717-1795), American soldier & politician - Revolution; US House
- Armstrong, John Jr. (1758-1843), American soldier & politician - US Senate; cabinet
[Lance Armstrong|Armstrong, Lance]] (born 1971), American cyclist
- Armstrong, Lee (born 1971), American actor
- Armstrong, Lil Hardin (1898-1971), American pianist & bandleader
- Armstrong, Louis Daniel "Satchmo" (1901-1971), American musician
- Armstrong, Moses K. (1832-1905), American politician
- Armstrong, Neil (born 1930), American astronaut
- Armstrong, Rebekka (born 1967), American model
- Armstrong, Rollo, British music producer and musician
- Armstrong, Vanessa Bell, musician
- Armstrong, William George (1810-1900), British engineer
- Armstrong, William H. (fl. 1970s), author
- Armstrong Jones, Anthony (fl. late 20th century), filmmaker, photographer & British royal family member
- Arnaldus of Villanova, scholastic philosopher
- Arnason, David (born 1940), Canadian writer
- Arnau, Javier (born 1973), Spanish field hockey player
- Arnaud, William, scholastic philosopher
- Arnaz, Desi (1917-1986), Cuban-born actor
- Arnaz, Desi, Jr. (born 1953), American actor
- Arnaz, Lucie (born 1951), American actress
- Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860), German poet
- Arne, Michael (1740-1786), songwriter
- Arne, Thomas (1710-1778), songwriter
- Arneth, Alfred Ritter von (1819-1897), Austrian historian
- Arnett, Peter (born 1934), New Zealand journalist
- Arnett, Ross H., Jr. (1919-1999), American entomologist
- Arnim, Bettina von (1785-1859), German poet
- Arnim, Ludwig Achim von (1781-1831), German poet
- Arnold, Benedict (1741-1801), British & American soldier
- Arnold, Eddy (b. 1918), American musician
- Arnold, Eve (born c. 1913), American photographer
- Arnold, Henry H. "Hap" (1886-1950), American air-soldier
- Arnold, Jonathan (1741-1793), American politician
- Arnold, Kokomo (1901-1968), American musician
- Arnold, Malcolm (born 1921), British composer
- Arnold, Matthew (1822-1888), English poet
- Arnold, Peleg (1751-1820), American politician
- Arnold, Theresa (born 1962), American boxer
- Arnold, Tom (born 1959), American comedian
- Arnold, Tom (fl. 1990s), British politician
- Arnold, Vladimir (born 1937), Soviet mathematician
- Arocha, René (born 1966), Cuban baseball player
- Aronofsky, Darren (born 1969), film director
- Aronow, Donald Joel (1927-1987), speedboat builder
- Arora, Amrita, Indian actress
- Arora, Malaika, Indian actress
- Arora, Pankaj (born 1983), entrepreneur & writer
- Arp, Jean (1886-1966), sculptor, painter, and poet
- Arpaio, Joe (born 1932), American law-enforcement officer
- Arquer, Giovanni
- Arquer, Pietro
- Arquer, Sigismondo
- Arquette, Cliff (1905-1974), American actor
- Arquette, David (born 1971), American actor
- Arquette, Patricia, American actress
- Arquette, Rosanna (born 1959), American actress
- Arrabal, Fernando (born 1932), French dramatist, author
- Arrak, Jüri, Estonian painter
- Arrarás, Maria Celeste (born 1961), Puerto Rican journalist
- Arrau, Claudio (1903-1991), Chilean-American musician
- Arrhenius, Svante August (1859-1927), chemist and physicist
- Arriaga, Juan Crisostomo de (1806-1826), composer
- Arrian, ancient historian
- Arrieta, Emilio, Spanish composer
- Arrieta, Raymond (born 1965), comedian
- Arrieta, Saturnino Orestes Armas Miñoso (born 1922), Cuban-American baseball player
- Arrington, Jill (born 1972), American sports reporter
- Arrow, Kenneth (born 1921), economist
- Arroyo, Carlos (born 1979), Puerto Rican basketball player
- Arroyo, Carmen E. (born 1936), Puerto Rican politician
- Arroyo, Domingo (1970-1993), American soldier
- Arroyo Delgado, Jose Miguel (born 1970), Spanish bullfighter
- Arsacius of Tarsus, patriarch of Constantinople
- Arsenius Autoreianus, patriarch of Constantinople
- Arsenius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Arsenius, patriarch of Constantinople
- Arses of Persia,(fl. 4th century BCE), King of Persia
- Arsinoe I of Egypt (305/295 BCE - ?), Queen of Egypt
- Arsinoe II of Egypt (316-270 BCE), Thracian ruler in Egypt
- Arsinoe III of Egypt (246 or 245 - 204 BCE), Queen of Egypt
- Arsinoe IV of Egypt (c. 68-41 BCE), ruler
- Artabasdus, Byzantine Emperor
- Artaud, Antonin (1896-1948), actor, playwright, poet, essayist
- Artaxerxes I (465-425 BC), Persian king
- Artaxerxes II (circa 436-358 BC), Persian king
- Artaxerxes III (359-338 BC)
- Artemius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Artemova, Ioulia Vladimirovna, Russian astrophysicist
- Arthansius (1564-1566), Metropolitan of Moscow
- Arthur, King (fl. 2nd, 5th, 6th, etc. century), possible historical basis for mythical and literary king of Britain
- Arthur, Beatrice, actress
- Arthur, Chester A. (1830-1886), American politician
- Arthur, Jean, actor
- Artin, Emil, mathematician
- Artsebarsky, Anatoly, astronaut
- Artusi, Catalina (born 1990), Argentine actress
- Artyuhin, Yuri, astronaut
- Arudou Debito, American-born Japanese
- Arum, Bob, boxing promoter
- Arundel, Thomas (1353-1413), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Artzet, Didier (born 1963), French race car driver
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