Llista de sistemes operatius

De Viquipèdia

Taula de continguts

[edita] Classificació dels sistemes operatius

Els sistemes operatius (S.O.) es classifiquen pel tipus de tecnologia (Unix i d'altres com Windows), per la propietat i llicència d'ús (propietari o codi obert), estat de desenvolupament (històrics com DOS, OS/2, etc... o actius com GNU/Linux i Windows), tipus d'aplicació (GNU/Linux, i Windows, són d'aplicació general, per exemple), d'ordinador personal (DOS, Apple), exclusivament mainframe (AIX), funcionament exclusivament en temps real o de sistema integrat (QNX), si és per a un PDA, quin propòsit té (producció, recerca, oci, etc). Evidentment, aquesta classificació pot ser transversal.

[edita] Sistemes Operatius primerencs i històricament importants

  • CTSS (Compatible TimeShare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per Corbato, et al)
  • Incompatible_Timesharing_System (Incompatible Timeshare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per a una computadora DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
  • Sistema operatiu THE (per Dijkstra et al)
  • Multics (projecte comú de desenvolupament d'un SO per part de Bell Labs, GE, i l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts)
  • Master programme desenvolupat per Leo Computers, Leo III en 1962.
  • Vegeu Cronologia dels sistemes operatius.

[edita] SO's propietaris primerencs per a microcomputadores

  • Apple Computer (la versió inicial fou un firmware ROM'd juntament amb Integer BASIC; les versions més tardanes hi inclogueren Microsoft BASIC)
  • Business Operating System (BOS) - de plataforma independent, i basat en un intérpret d'ordres.
  • Commodore PET, Commodore 64, i Commodore VIC-20,
  • La primera i genuïna IBM-PC (s'oferia 3 SO's per a arrencar, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
  • Sinclair Micro i QX, etc
  • TRS-DOS, ROM OS (amb una ampla implementació de Microsoft BASIC, i extensions del sistema de fitxers)
  • TI99-4
  • Flex (per Technical Systems Consultants per a microcomputadores basats en Motorola 6800: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
  • FLEX9 (per TSC per a micros basades en Motorola 6809)
  • mini-FLEX (per TSC per a discos de 5.25" en màquines basades en 6800)

[edita] Propietari

[edita] Acorn

  • Arthur
  • ARX
  • RISC OS
  • RISCiX

[edita] Amiga

[edita] Atari ST

  • TOS
  • MultiTOS
  • MiNT

[edita] Apple/Macintosh

  • Apple DOS
  • ProDOS
  • GS/OS
  • Lisa OS
  • A/UX
  • Mac OS
  • Mac OS X
  • Mac OS X Server
  • Darwin

[edita] Be Incorporated

[edita] Digital/Compaq/HP

  • AIS
  • OS/8
  • ITS (per al PDP-6 i PDP-10)
  • TOPS-10 (per al PDP-10)
  • WAITS
  • TENEX (del BBN)
  • TOPS-20 (per al PDP-10)
  • RSTS/E (funcionava en diverses màquines, començant pels PDP-11)
  • RSX-11 (SO multiusuari i multitasca per als PDP-11)
  • RT-11 (SO monousuario per al PDP-11)
  • VMS (per DEC per a la mini-computadora VAX; més tard es denominaria OpenVMS)

[edita] IBM

  • PC-DOS (original i indistinguible del Microsoft MS-DOS)
  • OS/2 (també MS-OS/2)
  • Basic Operating System (el primer sistema lliurat per al System 360, com a interí)
  • TOS
  • OS/360 (primer SO planificat per a l'arquitectura System 360)
  • DOS/360
  • DOS/VSE
  • z/VSE (darrera versió de la gamma VSE)
  • VM/CMS
  • z/VM (darrera versió de la gamma VM)
  • MFT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS1)
  • MVT (tardanament es denominariaOV/VS2)
  • SVS
  • MVS (darrera variant de MVT)
  • TPF
  • OS/390
  • z/OS, Unix-like, (darrera versió del SO per al mainframe d'IBM)
  • OS/400
  • AIX (una versió d'Unix)
  • ALCS
  • IBSYS
  • DPPX
  • K42

[edita] ICT/ICL

  • GEORGE
  • VME
  • DME
  • TME

[edita] Microsoft

[edita] Sun Microsystems

  • Solaris, Unix-like
  • SunOS, Unix-like, (evolucionà en Solaris)
  • Java Desktop System

[edita] Altres

[edita] Altres sistemes propietaris de tipus Unix i POSIX

  • Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
  • Cromix (SO emulador d'Unix de Cromemco)
  • Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
  • DNIX
  • Digital UNIX (which became HP's Tru64)
  • HP-UX from HP
  • Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
  • IRIX from SGI
  • Mac OS X from Apple Computer
  • NeXTSTEP
  • OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
    • OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
    • OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
  • OSF/1
  • OPENSTEP
  • QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
  • Rhapsody
  • RiscOS
  • RMX
  • SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
  • System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
  • UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
  • Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
  • UniCOS
  • MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)

[edita] No propietaris Estil Unix

[edita] Investigació Estil Unix i altres sistemes que compleixen POSIX

  • Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
  • UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
  • Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
  • Plan 9 (networking OS developed at Bell Labs)
  • Plan 9, Inferno (networked OS originally from Bell Labs Computer Research)
  • Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)

[edita] Codi obert Estil Unix

  • BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
    • FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
    • DragonFly_BSD forked from FreeBSD
    • NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
    • OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
  • Linux
  • GNU Hurd
  • SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University

[edita] Sistemes operatius de disc

  • QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
    • MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
    • PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
  • DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant)
  • FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)

[edita] Investigació no-UNIX

[edita] Genèrics, no-UNIX, i altres

  • TripOS, 1978
  • MorphOS (by Genesi)
  • Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
    • CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research))
    • CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
    • MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
    • MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
  • GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
  • VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
  • 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS)
  • DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
    • DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
  • GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
  • 4NT (command-line user interface for Microsoft Windows)
  • SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
  • NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
  • FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
  • SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
  • JavaOS
  • UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
  • Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
  • AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
  • VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
  • Pick (often licensed and renamed)
  • Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
  • BS1000 by Siemens AG
  • BS2000 by Siemens AG
  • BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
  • VM2000 by Siemens AG
  • OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
  • OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
  • MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
  • nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_Chile

[edita] Hobby OS

  • AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
  • BlueIllusion OS
  • Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
  • ReactOS (Windows NT workalike)
  • AtheOS became Syllable
    • Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
  • Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
  • Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
  • LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
  • Panalix
  • SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
  • Trion Operating System
  • NewOS
  • Visopsys
  • Unununium

[edita] Sistemes Integrats

  • Embedded Linux

[edita] Ordinadors de butxaca

  • Palm OS original de Palm Inc; actualment propietat de PalmSource
  • EPOC original de Psion (UK), ara pertany a Symbian, el nom preferit ara és Symbian OS
  • Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, de Microsoft
    • Pocket PC de Microsoft, una variant de Windows CE.
  • Linux pels Sharp Zaurus i Ipaq

[edita] Smartphones

[edita] Router

  • Linux
  • IOS de Cisco_Systems

[edita] Microcontroller, Real-time operating system

  • Contiki
  • eCos
  • Rtems [1]
  • FreeRTOS [2]
  • OSEK
  • Nucleus
  • QNX
  • VxWorks
  • ITRON
  • µCLinux
  • Embedded Linux
  • TRON OS developed by Ken Sakamura
  • ThreadX
  • INTEGRITY
  • MontaVista Linux
  • OS-9 by Microware
  • LynxOS
  • RTOS

[edita] Interpretats

  • Par-OS
  • J98
  • GWOS
  • Swodniw

[edita] Sistemes operatius de ficció

Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.

  • Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
  • ALTIMIT_OS - From .hack
  • Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
  • Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
  • Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
  • Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [3]
  • Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
  • LCARS- From television's Star Trek
  • NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.

[edita] Enllaços externs

catàleg de sistemes operatius(anglès)