Llista de sistemes operatius
De Viquipèdia
[edita] Classificació dels sistemes operatius
Els sistemes operatius (S.O.) es classifiquen pel tipus de tecnologia (Unix i d'altres com Windows), per la propietat i llicència d'ús (propietari o codi obert), estat de desenvolupament (històrics com DOS, OS/2, etc... o actius com GNU/Linux i Windows), tipus d'aplicació (GNU/Linux, i Windows, són d'aplicació general, per exemple), d'ordinador personal (DOS, Apple), exclusivament mainframe (AIX), funcionament exclusivament en temps real o de sistema integrat (QNX), si és per a un PDA, quin propòsit té (producció, recerca, oci, etc). Evidentment, aquesta classificació pot ser transversal.
[edita] Sistemes Operatius primerencs i històricament importants
- CTSS (Compatible TimeShare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per Corbato, et al)
- Incompatible_Timesharing_System (Incompatible Timeshare System, desenvolupat per l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts per a una computadora DEC 10 / 20 mainframes)
- Sistema operatiu THE (per Dijkstra et al)
- Multics (projecte comú de desenvolupament d'un SO per part de Bell Labs, GE, i l'Institut Tecnològic de Massachusetts)
- Master programme desenvolupat per Leo Computers, Leo III en 1962.
- Vegeu Cronologia dels sistemes operatius.
[edita] SO's propietaris primerencs per a microcomputadores
- Apple Computer (la versió inicial fou un firmware ROM'd juntament amb Integer BASIC; les versions més tardanes hi inclogueren Microsoft BASIC)
- Business Operating System (BOS) - de plataforma independent, i basat en un intérpret d'ordres.
- Commodore PET, Commodore 64, i Commodore VIC-20,
- La primera i genuïna IBM-PC (s'oferia 3 SO's per a arrencar, UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
- Sinclair Micro i QX, etc
- TRS-DOS, ROM OS (amb una ampla implementació de Microsoft BASIC, i extensions del sistema de fitxers)
- TI99-4
- Flex (per Technical Systems Consultants per a microcomputadores basats en Motorola 6800: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc)
- FLEX9 (per TSC per a micros basades en Motorola 6809)
- mini-FLEX (per TSC per a discos de 5.25" en màquines basades en 6800)
[edita] Propietari
[edita] Acorn
- Arthur
- ARX
- RISC OS
- RISCiX
[edita] Amiga
[edita] Atari ST
- TOS
- MultiTOS
- MiNT
[edita] Apple/Macintosh
[edita] Be Incorporated
- BeOS
- BeIA
- Zeta
[edita] Digital/Compaq/HP
- AIS
- OS/8
- ITS (per al PDP-6 i PDP-10)
- TOPS-10 (per al PDP-10)
- WAITS
- TENEX (del BBN)
- TOPS-20 (per al PDP-10)
- RSTS/E (funcionava en diverses màquines, començant pels PDP-11)
- RSX-11 (SO multiusuari i multitasca per als PDP-11)
- RT-11 (SO monousuario per al PDP-11)
- VMS (per DEC per a la mini-computadora VAX; més tard es denominaria OpenVMS)
[edita] IBM
- PC-DOS (original i indistinguible del Microsoft MS-DOS)
- OS/2 (també MS-OS/2)
- Basic Operating System (el primer sistema lliurat per al System 360, com a interí)
- TOS
- OS/360 (primer SO planificat per a l'arquitectura System 360)
- DOS/360
- DOS/VSE
- z/VSE (darrera versió de la gamma VSE)
- VM/CMS
- z/VM (darrera versió de la gamma VM)
- MFT (tardanament es denominaria OV/VS1)
- MVT (tardanament es denominariaOV/VS2)
- SVS
- MVS (darrera variant de MVT)
- TPF
- OS/390
- z/OS, Unix-like, (darrera versió del SO per al mainframe d'IBM)
- OS/400
- AIX (una versió d'Unix)
- ALCS
- IBSYS
- DPPX
- K42
[edita] ICT/ICL
- GEORGE
- VME
- DME
- TME
[edita] Microsoft
- MS-DOS (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM, versions 1.0-6.22)
- Windows CE (edició compacta, per al PDA)
- Microsoft Windows
- Windows 1.0
- Windows 2.0
- Windows 3.0 la primera versió que realitzà impactes comercials importants
- Windows 3.1
- Windows 3.11 per a grups de treball
- Windows 95
- Windows 98 hi hagué una altra 98 Second Edition
- Windows Me
- OS/2 (desenvolupat conjuntament amb IBM)
- Windows NT
- Windows NT 3.5
- Windows NT 4.0
- Windows 2000 (també Windows NT 5.0)
- Windows XP (basat internament en Win2k, n'hi ha quatre versions: Home, Professional, Media Center, i Tablet PC)
- Windows Server 2003
- Microsoft Codename Longhorn (serà lliurat en 2006)
- Microsoft Codename Blackcomb (serà lliurat entre l'any 2010 i 2012)
- Xenix (versió llicenciada d'Unix; venuda a SCO a la dècada dels 90)
[edita] Sun Microsystems
- Solaris, Unix-like
- SunOS, Unix-like, (evolucionà en Solaris)
- Java Desktop System
[edita] Altres
- THEOS, THEOS Software Corporation
[edita] Altres sistemes propietaris de tipus Unix i POSIX
- Aegis/OS (Apollo Computers)
- Cromix (SO emulador d'Unix de Cromemco)
- Coherent (Unix-emulating OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
- DNIX
- Digital UNIX (which became HP's Tru64)
- HP-UX from HP
- Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
- IRIX from SGI
- Mac OS X from Apple Computer
- NeXTSTEP
- OS-9 unix-like RTOS. (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
- OS-9/68k (Unix emulating OS from Microware for Morotola 680x0 based computers; developed from OS-9)
- OS-9000 (portable Unix emulating OS from Microware; one implementation was for Intel x86)
- OSF/1
- OPENSTEP
- QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
- Rhapsody
- RiscOS
- RMX
- SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who re-renamed themselves SCO)
- System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVr4' was the 4th minor release)
- UNIflex (Unix emulating OS by TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Mototola 6809 based computers; eg SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
- Ultrix (DEC's first version of Unix for VAX, PDP-11, and MIPS architectures, based on BSD)
- UniCOS
- MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
[edita] No propietaris Estil Unix
[edita] Investigació Estil Unix i altres sistemes que compleixen POSIX
- Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
- UNIX (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
- Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
- Plan 9 (networking OS developed at Bell Labs)
- Plan 9, Inferno (networked OS originally from Bell Labs Computer Research)
- Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
[edita] Codi obert Estil Unix
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
- Linux
- GNU Hurd
- SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo University
[edita] Sistemes operatius de disc
- QDOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; also called SCP-DOS; licensed to Microsoft -- became MS-DOS/PC-DOS)
- MS-DOS (Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
- PC-DOS (IBM's DOS variant)
- DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ..] DOS variant)
- FreeDOS (an open source DOS variant)
[edita] Investigació no-UNIX
- Mach (from OS kernel research at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
- Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/old-projects/nemesis/
- TUNES, 1994
- V (operating system) from Stanford, early 1980s
- L4 Second generation microkernel
[edita] Genèrics, no-UNIX, i altres
- TripOS, 1978
- MorphOS (by Genesi)
- Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
- CP/M-80 (CP/M for intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research))
- CP/M-86 (CP/M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-80 (Multi programming version of CP/M-80 from Digital Research)
- MP/M-86 (Multi programming version of CP/M-86 from Digital Research)
- GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M and DOS)
- VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
- 4DOS (command-line user interface for DOS)
- DESQView (multi-tasking windowing user interface for DOS)
- DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
- GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
- 4NT (command-line user interface for Microsoft Windows)
- SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
- NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
- FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
- SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
- JavaOS
- UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
- Oberon operating system/(developed at ETH-Zurich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
- AOS, now called Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
- VME by International Computers Limited (ICL)
- Pick (often licensed and renamed)
- Primos by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
- BS1000 by Siemens AG
- BS2000 by Siemens AG
- BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
- VM2000 by Siemens AG
- OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to a emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
- OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
- MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV)
- nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad_de_Chile
[edita] Hobby OS
- AROS (Amiga Research Operating System)
- BlueIllusion OS
- Haiku (open source BeOS clone)
- ReactOS (Windows NT workalike)
- AtheOS became Syllable
- Syllable (a modern, powerful, independently originated OS)
- Menuet is an extremely compact OS written entirely in assembly language
- Tabos (a rescue/network/desktop system)
- LainOS (FreeBSD-based project that aims to become a next-generation operating system. Inspired by Lain's "Navi" GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
- Panalix
- SECOS (SECure Operating System). Defunct operating system with high security focus.
- Trion Operating System
- NewOS
- Visopsys
- Unununium
[edita] Sistemes Integrats
- Embedded Linux
[edita] Ordinadors de butxaca
- Palm OS original de Palm Inc; actualment propietat de PalmSource
- EPOC original de Psion (UK), ara pertany a Symbian, el nom preferit ara és Symbian OS
- Windows CE Windows Compact Edition, de Microsoft
- Pocket PC de Microsoft, una variant de Windows CE.
- Linux pels Sharp Zaurus i Ipaq
[edita] Smartphones
- Windows CE
- Linux, MontaVista Linux al Motorola A760, E680
- Palm OS
- Symbian OS
[edita] Router
- Linux
- IOS de Cisco_Systems
[edita] Microcontroller, Real-time operating system
- Contiki
- eCos
- Rtems [1]
- FreeRTOS [2]
- OSEK
- Nucleus
- QNX
- VxWorks
- ITRON
- µCLinux
- Embedded Linux
- TRON OS developed by Ken Sakamura
- ThreadX
- INTEGRITY
- MontaVista Linux
- OS-9 by Microware
- LynxOS
- RTOS
[edita] Interpretats
- Par-OS
- J98
- GWOS
- Swodniw
[edita] Sistemes operatius de ficció
Operating systems that have only appeared in fiction.
- Finux - A pun on the Finnish origins of Linux - appears in Cryptonomicon
- ALTIMIT_OS - From .hack
- Hyper OS - From the movie Patlabor
- Wheatonix - April fool's joke.
- Digitronix - From The Hacker Files
- Luna/X - Google's April Fool's joke, 2004 [3]
- Copland OS - From Serial Experiments Lain Navi computer, which is also the codename of a never released Apple Computer OS (see Vaporware).
- LCARS- From television's Star Trek
- NNIX - an operating system for running programs in MMIX assembly language, which are both used as (fictional) illustrations in The Art of Computer Programming.
[edita] Enllaços externs
catàleg de sistemes operatius(anglès)