William Salesbury

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William Salesbury atau Salusbury (c. 1520 - c.1584) adalah seorang Wales yang sangat terdidik dalam masa "Renaissance" dan penterjemah utama dari Perjanjian-Baru berbahasa Wales (Edisi pertama tahun: 1567).

Salesbury dilahirkan tahun 1520 di SEKTOR-JEMAAT (parish of) Llansannan, di kota Conwy (Wales bagian Utara). Dia lulusan Universitas Oxford. Di Oxford beliau belajar bahasa-bahasa Ibrani, Yunani dan Latin. Di situ pula beliau menjadi terbiasa (ahli) dengan tulisan-tulisan ("terlarangnya") Martin Luther dan William Tyndale serta teknologi percetakan (yang saat itu baru dalam tahap-tahap awal perkembangannya).

Dalam tahun 1547, Salesbury mengeluarkan (mengarang dan mencetak) kamus Inggris-Wales, yang disebut "A dictionary in Englyshe and Welshe", dan di tahun 1550 mengeluarkan "A brief an a playne introduction teaching how to pronounce the letters in the British tong (now com'enly called Welsh)" dan dicetak oleh Robert Crowley. Edisi revisinya dicetak oleh Henry Denham untuk Humfrey Toy, "dwellyng at the sygne of the Helmet in Paules church yarde, The. xvij." bulan Mei 1567. Kedua buku ini lalu menjadi sumber utama (nara sumber) atas kata-kata pembicaraan dalam bahasa Inggris di abad ke 16 (karena selain memberi informasi bahasa Wales, isinya juga terdapat kata-kata bahasa Inggris).

Saat yang bersamaan, Salesbury juga menghasilkan buku-buku dalam bahasa Wales. Dalam tahun 1547 dia mencetak suatu koleksi peribahasa-peribahasa dalam bahasa Wales yang dikarang oleh Gruffudd Hiraethog (d? 1564), yaitu: Oll synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd.

In 1550, he published Ban wedy i dynny air yngair alla o ben gyfreith Howel da, bay ladell bren hin kymbry, ynghylch ch wechant mlynedi aeth heibia wrth yr h wn ban y gellir deall bot yr offeiriait y pryd hynny yn priodi gwragedryn dichwith aryn kyttal ac wynt in gyfreith lawn. A certaine case extracte[d] out of the auncient law of Hoel da, kyng of Wales in the yere of oure Lorde, nyne hundred and fourtene passed: whereby it maye gathered that priestes had lawfully maried wyues at that tyme. This book, printed by Robert Crowley, was in Welsh and English; as the title indicates, it was an attempt to justify Protestant doctrine in favour of a clerical marriage to the Welsh and English by establishing precedent for it in the "auncient law" of a Welsh king. (It was no doubt significant that the present royal family, the Tudors, had Welsh origins.) Also in 1550, a polemical text appeared under Crowley's imprint stating that it was "compiled" by Salesbury: The baterie of the Popes Botereulx, commonly called the high altare. A third Salesbury book with Crowley's imprint in 1551 is a translation of the epistle and gospel readings from the 1549 Book of Common Prayer: Kynniuer llith a ban or yscrythur lan ac a d’arlleir yr eccleis pryd commun, y sulieu a’r gwilieu trwy’r vlwyd’yn: o Cambereiciat.

As a convinced Protestant, Salesbury was obliged to spend most of the reign of Mary I, 1553-1558, in hiding. As a consequence his writing and publishing came to a stop.

The belief of Erasmus and Luther that the Bible should be available to all in their native language was firmly advocated by Salesbury. With the succession of Elizabeth I, Salesbury went to work on this project. In 1563, he helped instigate an act of parliament under which the translation of the Bible became a priority for the bishops of Wales and Hereford. Quite possibly a confederate in this project, Robert Crowley, Salesbury's former printer, was at this time a Canon of Hereford, having been instituted to the stall or prebend of "Pratum majus" in the cathedral of Hereford c. 1560-63.

Salesbury worked with the Bishop of St. David's, Richard Davies (1501?-1581), and Thomas Huet, to prepare a translation of the New Testament from the original Greek into Welsh. This was published on 7 October 1567. He also translated the English Book of Common Prayer into Welsh, which was also published in 1567 as Y Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin).

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