เครื่องสำอาง
จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี
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หากคุณเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญ หรือมีความรู้เกี่ยวกับบทความนี้ สามารถช่วยปรับปรุงเนื้อหาได้โดยการกด แก้ไข ด้านบน ดูรายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมได้ที่ การจัดย่อหน้า คู่มือการเขียน และ นโยบายวิกิพีเดีย |
เครื่องสำอาง เป็นสารที่ใช้เพิ่มเติมความสวยงามให้กับร่างกายมนุษย์ นอกเหนือจากอุปกรณ์ัรักษาความสะอาดโดยทั่วไป การใช้งานเครื่องสำอางมีใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลาย ทั้งในโลกตะวันตกและโลกตะวันออก จำนวนบริษัทผลิตเครื่องสำอางในปัจจุบันมีเป็นจำนวนน้อยเปรียบเทียบกับธุรกิจชนิดอื่น โดยบริษัทส่วนใหญ่เป็นบริษัทขนาดใหญ่ในระดับนานาชาติ มากกว่าระดับท้องถิ่น
[แก้] ประวัติเครื่องสำอาง
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[แก้] องค์ประกอบที่มักพบในเครื่องสำอาง
ในเครื่องสำอางที่พบในท้องตลาด เรามักพบว่ามีองค์ประกอบต่างๆ เนื่องจากการที่มีผู้สงสัยกันว่า สารเหล่านี้ใส่ไปเพื่ออะไรและมีประโยชน์อย่างไรต่อผิวหนัง
[แก้] Butylene Glycol
เป็นตัวทำละลายใช้สำหรับเจือจาง (dilute). เป็นสารอินทรีย์สำหรับเพิ่ทความชุ่มชื้น (promotes the retention of moisture in the skin) เหมือนกับ propylene glycol, มักใช้ในสเปรย์และโลชั่นถนอมผิว
[แก้] Sodium hyaluronate
(Hyaluronic Acid) เติมความชุ่มชื่นให้ผิว
Hyaluronic acid มีอยู่ในร่างกายทั่วไปรวมทั้งผิวหนังด้วย Hyaluronate เป็นmoisturizer เพราะสารละลายของมันมีความหนืด viscous สูง. Hyaluronic acid (HA)เป็นpolysaccharides ประกอบด้วย repeat disaccharide units ของ N-acetylglucosamine และ glucuronic acid. HA ที่พบในทางการค้ามักอยู่ในรูป sodium salt form. HA เป็นสารที่สำคัญทำให้ผิวหนังมนุษย์กักเก็บน้ำได้. สิ่งแวดล้อมที่ไม่ดีและความชราทำให้ปริมาณ สารนี้ในผิวหนังลดลง ทำให้การกักเก็บน้ำในผิวหนังลดลง ผิวหนังจึงแลดูแห้งและหยาบ สาเหตุหลักอย่างหนึ่งที่ทำให้ผิวหนังแลดูมีความสูงอายุคือการที่ปริมาณ polysaccharides เช่น HA ลดลง. โครงสร้างหลักของ HA ทำให้มีความเป็น moisturizing สูงและ water content reguating function and its solution has high viscoelasticity and lubricity. โมเลกุลหนึ่งของ hyaluronic acid สามารถกักเก็บน้ำได้ 1000 เท่าของน้ำหนักมันเองในน้ำ hyaluronic acid ช่วยดึงน้ำจากอากาศเข้าสู่ผิว เมื่อทาสารละลายที่มี HA ที่ผิว it can form an air permeable layer and keep the skin moist and smooth. Small molecular weight HA can penetrate into dermis layer, fully combine with water, promote skin blood microcirculation and nutrient absorption and maintain normal metabolism, and as a result it plays a role of wrinkle removing, look improving and health protecting. Topical grade HA can be used in many kinds of cosmetics, such as cream, milk, water shampoo, lotion, etc. HA is one of the best natural moisturzing components used in cosmetics.
[แก้] Panax
Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) powder for treating severely chapped skin [Jiangxi Zhongyiyao, 23(1): 35(1992)] In addition to other effects (immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc), sanqi is well known for its hemostatic and wound-healing properties. In this report, results of treating 68 patients with chapped skin are presented. Thirty-six patients were complicated with ringworm of the feet and 41 experienced different degrees of pain or bleeding. Duration of illness ranged form 6 months to 15 years. Method: Mix 30g of sanqi powder well with an adequate amount of sesame oil to form a uniform paste, place it in a sealed clean container, and reserve for later use. Soak the afflicted areas with hot but tolerable water for 10-20 minutes before applying the oily paste. Do this 3-4 times daily for 30 days. Results: After treatment, 45 patients were healed, with no recurrence after more than 1 year; and 23 showed improvements, with longer periods between recurrences, which again responded to the same treatment. The fastest response was 3 weeks and the longest 7 weeks, with an average of 3.7 weeks. It is recommended that the paste be also used as a preventive by applying it to affected areas once every 1 to 2 days. Sanqi or tienchi ginseng is readily available in any Chinese herb shop. It comes in spindle-shaped whole roots, 2-4 cm long and 1-3 cm in diameter, and is very hard. Unless you have a Chinese bronze mortar and pestle with a lid, it is not easy to powder this herb. You may have to break it up with a hammer first and then grind it in a sturdy coffee mill.
[แก้] Castor Oil
น้ำมันละหุ่งได้จากเมล็ดละหุ่ง It is used in lipsticks, concealers, hair pomade, ointments, creams and lotions. Acts as a humectant with soothing and emollient actions. Boosts lather in handcrafted soaps.
[แก้] Beta Glucans
ปกป้องผิวThe skin contains macrophages and other antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, Langerhans cells). Researchers have found that some of these cells have receptor sites ready to accept beta-1,3 glucan, which can increase non-specific immunity against bacteria, fungi and other insults. The skin is constantly under assault by environmental pollutants, harsh chemicals, detergents, perfumes, UV radiation and small wounds. These assaults provide increased access to pathogens. An increased efficiency in the innate immune system by beta-glucan should help the skin heal itself, and reduce signs of skin damage. A recent study supports the use of beta-glucan in the care of healthy skin and treatment of the signs of aging. The protective and anti-aging properties demonstrated in these studies are why we have included beta glucan in our DermaFex Daily Renewal Facial Moisturizer, Wrinkle Repair Night Moisturizer and Instant Face Lift. Beta Glucan and Acne It's immune boosting, wound healing powers, also makes beta glucan helpful in acne skin care products. Macrophages activated by beta glucan may be charged and more efficient in seeking out and destroying the cell debris, pus, and bacteria that accumulate in inflamed acne lesions. They may also be better able to help protect irritated skin from UV rays and other environmental damage, encourage new skin formation, decrease scarring, and keep the skin hydrated. Combining beta glucan with an exfoliating agent like salicylic acid, as in DermaFex Acne Gel, may further enhance the immune action by exposing more macrophages to the beta glucan.
[แก้] แตงกวา
Cucumber Fruit, a member of the pumpkin family Cucurbitaceae, is a dark green fruit, elongated and cylindrical with rounded ends and a slightly bumpy skin. The exact origin of this herb is not clearly known, but suspected to be from Russia. Today, Cucumber Fruit is an important horticultural crop in much of Asia, Europe, and America. It is grown predominantly for the pickling industry and the fresh food market. Cucumber Fruit is also often incorporated as a primary ingredient in many topical skin care preparations. Its deep cleansing action is attributed to its natural chemical constituents of glycolic, lactic, and salicylic acids which help loosen the bonds of dead skin cells from the surface. The aerial parts of this plant contain a 14a-methyl D-phytosterol. And shikimate dehydrogenase can be extracted from Cucumber pulp. This chemical helps to keep the facial skin soft while providing a natural sunscreen. It also acts as a skin toner, and tends to slightly lighten the facial skin when present in large quantities. The seeds of Cucumber Fruit are reported to be cooling, tonic, and diuretic. The seed kernels (forming 75% of the seed) are edible, and used in confectionery. Like home grown tomatoes and potatoes, great tasting Cucumbers typically cannot be obtained from your local supermarket. Commercial Cucumbers are developed to ripen all at once (easier to harvest), to be of uniform size & shape (better to market to the consumer); and to have thicker skins (better to prevent spoilage after purchase). Cucumbers are usually eaten raw in salads, or sliced with onions, vinegar and salt, or they are pickled. And they can be cooked, too. But if you don't like eating Cucumber, then this dietary supplement can provide you with all the natural nutrition and skin support constituents without having to consume the fruit at mealtime.
[แก้] Sodium PCA
Sodium PCA - A naturally occurring component of human skin that is believed to be in part responsible for its moisture-binding capacity. Ours is derived from vegetable sources. http://www.celltechpersonalcare.com/glossary.jsp
Sodium PCA - Occurs naturally in human skin and is reponsible for binding mositure to the cells. Highly water -absorbing and used as an excellent humectant. A component of the NMF (natural moisturizing factor). http://www.altmednetwork.net/skincare/skincare_ingredients.html
Sodium PCA (NaPCA) The sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid. Commonly referred to as the "natural moisturizing factor," it is found in all living cells. http://www.avro.co.za/misc/about_skincare/...
Sodium PCA - a humectant and emollient. Sodium tallowate - lard used to make soap. Sorbitol - an alcohol used in cosmetics as a humectant. Spirulina - algae rich in proteins and antioxidants that are used in algotherapy. http://www.tahoefacials.com/beauty-s.htm
Sodium PCA: Occurs naturally in human skin and is responsible for binding moisture to the cells. Highly water-absorbent, holding several times its weight in water, which makes it an excellent humectant. http://www.asianwhiteskin.com/glossary.html
Sodium PCA Occurs naturally in human skin and is responsible for binding moisture to the cells. Highly water-absorbent, holding several times its weight in water, which makes it an excellent humectant. http://www.yourgames.it/etips/bello/glossary/s.asp
Sodium PCA: A sodium salt of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, a natural moisturizing factor component. A humectant and emollient. Holds several times its weight in water. http://www.deadsea-cosmetics.com/ingrediantsnew.htm
sodium PCA. PCA stands for pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. It is a natural component of skin that is also a very good water-binding agent. See natural moisturizing factors. http://www.cosmeticscop.com/learn/...
NaPCA (sodium PCA) - a and . Neroli oil - extract from the flower of the sour orange tree; it is used in cologne, perfumes and . Niosomes - compounds that claim to deliver moisture below the surface of the skin. Noncomedogenic - does not clog pores. http://www.magnoliaspa.com/beauty-secrets/beauty_terms/...
NaPCA: (Sodium PCA) The sodium salt of 2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid, NaPCA is one of the best moisture binders available, as well as a humectant (promotes the retention of moisture in the skin) and an emollient (acts to smooth and soften the skin). http://www.askincaredirectory.com/Glossary/N.htm
Proline: An amino acid that when combined with sodium PCA, has been demonstrated to provide excellent moisture absorption and retention properties to the skin.
[แก้] Propane
- A natural propellant.
[แก้] ว่านหางจระเข้
:
Aloe barbadensis Mill. Aloe vera Linn วงศ์ Liliaceae วุ้นและเมือกจากใบ มีสารพวกไกลโคโปรตีน (glycoprotein) ชื่ออะลอคทินเอ (aloctin A) และ อะลอคทินบี (aloctin B) ซึ่งเป็นสารที่ออกฤทธิ์ลดอาการอักเสบและช่วยสมานแผลโดยไปส่งเสริมการจับตัวและการเจริญเติบโตของเซลส์ที่บาดแผล ทำให้แผลหายเร็วขึ้น
[แก้] Glucomanan
:
Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Oct;22(5):1004-6, 1023. Related Articles, Links
[Restoring the skin from traumatism by means of collagen-konjac glucomannan-chondroitin sulfate blend film]
[Article in Chinese]
Liu X, Wang K, Ding Y, He X, Wang B.
Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
This study aims at restoring the skin from traumatism by use of the collagen(from piglet skin) and konjac glucomannan-chondroitin sulfate blend film. The 2 cm x 4 cm skin traumatism model was established on both sides of the waist spinal column in 14 New Zealand rabbits each weighing 1.5-2.0 kg. One side was covered with blend film, the other side was used as a control. Then the changes of the skin traumatism were observed at different time-points after the operation, the wound tissue samples were taken for histological examination. The blend film could prevent skin traumatism from bleeding and infection. The skin traumatism treated by blend film showed signs of rectangle scab and the control showed signs of linear scab after healing. No obvious immune rejection was seen. The collagen-konjac glucomannan-chondroitin sulfate blend film can accelerate the restoration of skin from traumatism.
PMID: 16294740 [PubMed - in process]
[แก้] Allantoin
- Dermatological properties
Allantoin is a healing, moisturizing, soothing and anti-irritating, keratolytic and non-toxic agent useful in dermatological, cosmetic and veterinary preparation. Allantoin is a valuable cell-proliferating healing agent which stimulates healthy tissue formation. Allantoin has a pronounced keratolytic and skin softening action, acts as chemical debrider of necrotic and scaling tissue, cleasing up the areas where applied. Allantoin is effective at quite low concentrations, 0.1% up to 2%. As natural component, Allantoin was found in fetal Allantoic fluid, in wheat germ, rice polishings, confrey roots, in dog urine and in the urine of pregnant women, in the earth-worm and as organic component of many soils. Allantoin and derivatives The amphoteric characteristic of Allantoin permits combination with various chemical substances to form salts and complexes. In combination with various therapeutic substance Allantoin sinergizes their activity reducing at same time their side-effects, sensitizing irritating or toxic properties. The complex and salts thus formed have been shown to possess useful dermatotherapeutic properties. Use of Allantoin In treatment of : skin ulcers, wound, scalds, burns and sunburns, carbuncles, acne and skin eruptions, fissures and abrasions, impetigo, eczema, psoriasis.
[แก้] Methyl paraben
: preservative
[แก้] dipotassium glycyrrhizatebutin
: ชะเอมเทศ ?
Based on our data, one anti-inflammatory mode of action of Licochalcone A, reported for other chalcones, might be dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Direct interference with signal transduction pathways seems rather unlikely, given the diverse range of different signal transduction pathways leading to the assessed proinflammatory reactions. The anti-inflammatory properties of Licochalcone A at submicromolar concentrations makes it a promising candidate for dermatological and cosmetic applications.
This work was performed at the Beiersdorf Research Center in Hamburg, Germany.
[แก้] camellia senensis
ชา
Green tea polyphenols have been postulated to protect human skin from the cutaneous signs of photoaging, but clinically significant changes could not be detected. Longer supplementation may be required for clinically observable improvements.
[แก้] alpha bisabolol
(Herbal anti-inflammatory agents for skin disease.) Alpha-bisabolol is a compound present in some essential oils, widely distributed in several plants, including camomile. Two different methods for analysing an essential oil, such as alpha-bisabolol in human blood are reported: the first uses micro-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (muHPLC-ESI-MS), whereas the second is based on "head space" injection coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). For LC-ESI-MS, human blood samples, spiked with alpha-bisabolol, were extracted with hexane and evaporated to dryness under air stream. The residue was then reconstituted with methanol and injected into a C18 column, connected to an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source. Spectra were recorded in the positive ion, selected ion monitoring mode. The detection limit of alpha-bisabolol in blood was 0.125 micromol/l. The preparation of samples for the analysis in HS-GC-MS was limited to blood dilution with water (0.5 ml blood + 1 ml water). Head space vials were heated at 125 degrees C for 1 h before automatic injection. The HS-GC-MS detection limit (0.13 micromol/l) was similar to that achieved with the muHPLC-ESI-MS method. Successful tests were performed to verify if alpha-bisabolol could be directly measured by the HS-GC-MS method in different biological samples (blood, urine, faeces, homogenate tissues) from rats treated with the camomile essential oil.
[แก้] Ceramide3
Ceramide เป็นเหมือนเกราะป้องกันผิว ทดแทนความชุ่มชื่นในผิวที่ขาดหายไป
[แก้] สารสกัดจากใยไหมธรรมชาติ
ซึ่งช่วยบำรุงและฟื้นฟูผิวได้เป็นอย่างดี
[แก้] Retinol
เสริมสร้างเซลล์ผิวใหม่ให้ผิวสดใส เต่งตึงดูอ่อนกว่าวัย
[แก้] Alpha hydroxy acid
Fruit Acid
ผลัดเซลล์ผิวที่มีปัญหา latic Acid ช่วยให้ผิวนุ่มชุ่มชื่น
[แก้] Disodium EDTA
VERSENE* NA chelating agent is a food and pharmaceutical grade product which meets the requirements of the Food Chemicals Codex and U.S. Pharmacopeia XXII. VERSENE NA chelating agent is a partially neutralized salt of EDTA, in dry form, and is suitable for direct food applications. Active Ingredient Name Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate
[แก้] Tocopheryl acetate
= Vitamin E = anti-aging
[แก้] Ginkgo Biloba
= Evidence of the regulatory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on skin blood flow
[แก้] Lactic acid
= alpha hydroxyl acid = stimulate skin regeneration
[แก้] chlorophyll copper complex
ใช้แต่งสี ปกติตัวนี้ใช้ในสีผสมอาหาร
[แก้] Squalene
: ปกติ ได้จาก ฉลาม แต่แพงมาก เลยเอามาจากแหล่งอื่นๆ
Squalene: 99.5% Pure Australian Squalene Oil Squalene helps to keep our skin soft and healthy and its anti-oxidant capabilities help to protect from the harsh effects of the environment.
[แก้] Glycerin
humectant, plasticizer, emollient, thickener, solvent, dispersing medium, lubricant, sweetener, bodying agent, antifreeze and processing aid.
[แก้] Simondsia Chinese extract
: Jojoba Seed Oil
Long used by Mexicans and Indians as a treatment for crow's feet, stretch marks, and dry skin, extracted from the beanlike seeds of the desert shrub Simondsia Chinesis. Actually a liquid wax, not an oil, with excellent penetrating qualities and great moisturizing attributes for the skin
[แก้] Cetyl and cetearyl alcohols
are structurally similar. They are fatty alcohols used as emollients, emulsifiers, thickeners and carrying agents for other ingredients. They can be derived naturally (coconut fatty alcohol) or synthetically.
[แก้] Glyceryl state
: Glyceryl Stearate (also known as GMS or glyceryl monostearate) is the ester of glycerol and one molecule of stearic acid commonly used as a primary emulsifer and/or auxiliary emulsifier in a wide range of cosmetic formulations. Cosmetic grade.
[แก้] PEG 100 Stearate
is made by combining natural oils with stearic acid to form a water-soluble ester. PEG stands for polyethylene glycol. The cosmetic industry uses PEG-100 stearate as an emollient, an emulsifier and a moisturizer.
[แก้] Cyclomethicone
is used to blend with fragrance oils and perfume oils for after bath body mists. This product will produce a luxurious body spray that feels dry.
[แก้] Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is an organic chemical compound which is both a tertiary amine and a tri-alcohol. A tri-alcohol is a molecule with three hydroxyl groups. Like other amines, triethanolamine acts as a weak base due to the lone pair on the nitrogen atom. This ingredient is used as a pH balancer in cosmetic preparations in a variety of different products - ranging from skin lotion, eye gels, moisturizers, shampoos, shaving foams etc.
[แก้] Carbomer 940
Thickening Agent
Letract??????????
[แก้] Propolis extract
หรือ bees wax extract
Retinyl palmitate หรือ Vitamin A ทำให้เกิด regenerate skin cell ==
== Essence Arbutin ==
= แก้ฝ้า
Latin:Angelica sinensis, Angelica polymorpha, Angelica acutiloba Description: The harvesting of this herb is done diligently. The roots have to be a certain size, the strength of the taste is graded, as well as other factors. Only water and alcohol are used to make the extract, no other organic solvents are used. Parts Used: dried root Common Use: Dong Quai is fantastic in relieving symptoms of menstruation and menopause. This herb contains components that stabilize blood vessels and also has estrogenic activities. These characteristics reduce hot flashes associated with menopause. Dong Quai is also used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), and metrorrhagia (frequent menstruation). Pregnant women are encouraged to take this herb because it assures for a healthy pregnancy and delivery. The delivery is easier because Dong Quai increases uterine contraction then is followed by relaxation. "came extract"
Phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether alcohol and is used as a preservative in cosmetics.
[แก้] Isoparaffin
solvent
[แก้] Ascorbyl palmitate
(AP) เป็นรูปแบบของวิตามินซีที่สามารถละลายในไขมันได้ เมื่อ ascorbyl palmitate ถูกกลืนลงไป มันจะแตกตัวเป็นรูป ascorbic acid and palmitic ...
[แก้] triticum vulgare
= wheat germ ข้าวสาลี มี vitamin E = Wheat Germ Oil is a deep orange oil with a distinguishing strong smell. It is rich in Vitamin E, which is a natural Antioxidant, acts as a natural preservative. It helps relieve dermatitis's symptoms, promotes skin cell formation and improves blood circulation. Wheat Germ Oil is used to prevent and reduce scarring and speeds up healing of cuts and wounds. Good for the treatment of cellulite.
[แก้] Polysorbate 80
:= sorbitan monooleate = an emulsifying agent
Beeswax = Beeswax has antiseptic properties and is used as a medicinal salve or ointment for burns and wounds. Beeswax is an excellent emollient as it protects the skin and helps seal in moisture. Chitosan. = Emulsion Stability. Moisturizer. Skin Protectant.
[แก้] Glucomannan
Glucomannan. Glucomannan... for skin care and as a thickening agent
[แก้] ดาวเรืองฝรั่ง
Calendula officinalis Linn. บำรุงผิว สมานผิว
Eye cream
[แก้] Shea Butter
The Shea Butter Family, Butyrospermum Parkii ... Shea butter is an excellent emollient for personal care applications
[แก้] หม่อน
ชื่อทางวิทยาศาสตร์ : Morus Alba Linn ฤทธิ์ต้านอนุมูลอิสระ antioxidation aloe created to soothe, protect and moisturize the skin.
[แก้] Sorbitan Esters
. These are generally soluble in oils or organic solvents and dispersable or insoluble in water. They act as low HLB emulsifiers and thickners useful in emulsions. ... When combined with the Polyethylene Sorbitan Esters, they form stable emulsions ...
[แก้] Phytonadione ( vitamin K1 )
may help fade the appearance of dark circles by supporting healthy the damaged capillaries.
Phytonadione (Vitamin K1)เป็นรูปแบบหนึ่งของวิตามินเค ในตามธรรมชาติพบในผักใบเขียว Vitamin K is essential in the synthesis of at least six of the 13 proteins needed for coagulation. Thus, it is known as the blood-clotting vitamin. Phytonadione helps alleviate unsightly spider veins, bruises, blotches, eczema, and psoriasis safely and naturally without pain. Plastic surgeons have, for many years, used vitamin K1 cream to minimize postoperative bruising and scarring. Phytonadione also helps fade the appearance of dark circles that occur due to pigmentation or broken capillaries beneath. Phytonadione possesses regenerative properties to increase skin elasticity, reverse environmental damage, and protect against further damage. Phytonadione is used topically to enhance the skin’s ability to repair itself. It is especially successful in repairing and preventing photoaging, the process where the skin is damaged due to excessive sun exposure. Phytonadione มักใช้ในการรักษาเส้นเลือดฝอยแตก Broken capillaries are the ugly red spots and spidery shapes that appear mainly on the nose and cheeks. They occur when tiny capillaries have been stretched and have become permanently dilated by the pressure from larger veins. The abnormal dilation weakens the capillary walls causing them to rupture easily. When the wall ruptures, blood seeps out and flows down along the pathway made by surrounding capillaries. When the blood dries, it results in a web-like bruise known as broken capillaries. Phytonadione is applied topically to help the torn vessel heal fast. The body then dissolves the remaining leaked blood naturally.